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A faint but unmistakable electrical hum was in the air when I stepped into the Boca Raton Museum of Art to see "Richard Anuszkiewicz:... More >>
The centerpiece of "Red Grooms: Moby Dick Meets the New York Public Library," now on view at the Norton Museum of Art in West Palm Beach, is so... More >>
The canvases of the American realist painter Janet Fish are so vibrant, so shimmering with light, energy, and bright, saturated colors, that to... More >>
The human body has always fascinated David Cronenberg, the Canadian filmmaker who's the inspiration and catalyst for "Spectacular Optical," a... More >>
After a flurry of preliminary "minifest" activity over the past couple of weeks in Boca Raton, Hollywood, Coconut Grove, and Fort Lauderdale, the... More >>
As it enters its 13th season, the Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival continues to evolve far beyond its humble origins in the mid-'80s.... More >>
"Eating Monkey Brains, The Baboon Nurse and Other Tales," Robert Morrison's audacious one-man show at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Lake... More >>
You know the saying: "Those who can, do. Those who can't, teach." That's not the case, however, at the Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale, which is... More >>
To get an in-a-nutshell sense of the differences and similarities between the "40th Annual Hortt Competition" and the "1998 Salon Des Refuses"... More >>
Housed in a nondescript storefront among the Fountains Shoppes of Distinction in Plantation, the Bock Gallery is the sort of unassuming little... More >>
I knew next to nothing about Uruguayan art when I set out to see the "3rd Uruguayan Art Exhibition" on display at the Broward County Main Library.... More >>
One of the mysteries of 20th-century art is the remarkable outpouring of creativity that has come from a seemingly unlikely place: Haiti. For... More >>
Even if Frederic Clay Bartlett had never picked up a paintbrush, he would merit at least a footnote in the history of modern art for his many... More >>
The catalog for "Postcards on the Edge," a show on display at ArtServe in Fort Lauderdale, describes it as "a multifaceted progressive traveling... More >>
You won't find the work of glass artist Jackson Hall in any South Florida gallery or museum -- not yet, anyway. A recent transplant from San... More >>
Art sometimes turns up in the most improbable places, manifesting itself in the most surprising ways. 9Muses Art Center is located in a... More >>
There are no other Everglades in the world. The opening line of the late Marjory Stoneman Douglas' famous The Everglades: River of Grass... More >>
On my way over to the Gallery Center in Boca Raton, I expected to find a row of quaint little shops side by side in some trendy shopping mall.... More >>
If you happen to stop by the Schacknow Museum of Fine Art in Coral Springs, resist the urge to take a closer look at the austere, enigmatic... More >>
Realism is alive and reasonably well at Call of Africa's Native Visions Gallery in Fort Lauderdale, which specializes not in the tribal art of... More >>
Performance art or happening? Light-and-space art or installation? The mixed-media art at Lumonics, also known as the Tanner Studio, resolutely... More >>
Everything but the Kitchen Sink might make a better name for Art Frenzie, a new Wilton Manors gallery crammed with an amazing amount, not to... More >>
The work of sculptor Duane Hanson exerts a powerful pull on people. It's not unusual to see a handful of museum visitors clustered around one of... More >>
In a professional career that lasted just more than a decade, Keith Haring not only proved to be one of the most prolific American artists of his... More >>
The fifteenth Miami Film Festival continues apace Thursday through Sunday with two works by Japanese director-actor Takeshi Kitano, a star-studded... More >>


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Horner: 'We haven't ruled Raikkonen out yet'
© Red Bull Racing, Getty Images
23 August 2013 by TF1T Staff | M | Tweet
Kimi Raikkonen is still on Red Bull's radar according to team principal Christian Horner, who admitted on Thursday in the Belgian paddock that they haven't ruled the Finn out for 2014.
Whilst Raikkonen's manager, Steve Robertson, has poured cold water on the possibility of the 33-year-old replacing Mark Webber, it's believed he met with Helmut Marko on Thursday for last minute discussions.
Horner stoked the fire, telling Reuters that he "wouldn't rule anything out at the moment."
He added: "As far as I'm aware he hasn't signed a contract with anyone yet."
When pressed on the matter further and asked if Raikkonen remains on the list of candidates for the seat, he replied: "That's up to him.
"I think Kimi's manager's ruled him out...I've only seen what you've seen, only read what you've written."
According to several Finnish reports, Raikkonen has already admitted during a meeting with friends that he will be back at Ferrari next season - though the credibility of the source isn't known.
Meanwhile, Horner admitted a decision would likely come before or around the Italian Grand Prix.
"It's not going to be much longer, I would have thought. By Monza or shortly after Monza we should be clear."

subset: commoncrawl


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What does PRR mean in Unclassified?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand PRR in the Miscellaneous field in general and in the Unclassified terminology in particular.
Find a translation for PRR in other languages:
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Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"PRR." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 4 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/330994>.
PRR also stands for:
- Consolidated Rail Corporation
- Pacific Rim Resources, Inc.
- Painting Red Rhinos
- Parietal Reach Region
- Parts Replacement Request
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Order some of the best narcoleptics drugs which are going to improve your wakefulness attention. One of the most popular medicines is Modapro, and there are also Nuvigil, Modafinil and Provigil. Narcolepsy is going to become a thing from the past with these medicines.
- Buy Anti Narcoleptic medications and get +10% bonus on your next order! - Discount online Pharmacy Prices - No Prescription Needed
What are some of the best anti narcoleptic drugs which are going to help you stay awake? That is the question that many people all over the world have been asking for a long time. They all have one thing in common - it is hard for them to stay awake for a long time and that is what has been making their lives a lot more difficult. If you are one of them, you need to know that there is a solution and one of the most popular medicines for treating this issue is Modafinil. You can easily buy it online and not only that you are going to save money, but you will not have to leave your home and go to the doctor's office.
Those of you who are suffering from daytime sleepiness, know how big this problem can be, and it is not one of the problems that many people have been talking about. It is especially important for people who have to work during the day to start taking some of these drugs in order to solve their problems, but first it is important to discuss narcolepsy.
Narcolepsy is a diseases which can be chronic and it is disease of the central nervous system. There is also EDS or excessive daytime sleepiness which is one of the main symptoms and that is what all the patients are dealing with. There are also other symptoms like distorted perceptions, inability to talk or even move and loss of muscle tone. This is not the complete list, and that is what you have to be aware of as well. In most of the cases, narcolepsy begins around the age of 16 to 19. The first thing that you are going to notice is excessive sleepiness and chances are that you might not even recognize it in the beginning, but after some time you will have to start dealing with it.
There are certain anti narcoleptic drugs that are going to improve your wakefulness attention, and one of the most popular ones is Modafinil, but there are also Nuvigil, Modalert, Modavigil, Provigil... When it comes to prevalence of narcolepsy, it is important to mention that it is quite similar to multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Since sleeping is obviously very important to humans, this is a health problem that has to be solved as soon as possible. If you are dealing with it, there is no time for wasting - you have to order some of these medicines and the good news is that you can do that on the internet.
You are going to hear from the doctors that they are talking about narcolepsy as of a chronic neurological disorder and that is what it is. In most of the cases it is caused by inability of the brain to regulate sleep and wake cycles on a daily basis. There are three symptoms also known as cataplexy, brief episodes of paralysis and vivid hallucinations during sleep.
It is still not known how exactly narcolepsy is affecting the organism and it is hard to find a doctor who is going to give you a very good answer to that question. Some of them think that it is in relation to genetics and that if someone in your family has been dealing with this problem in the past, chances are that you might deal with it as well. There is also a possibility of a brain injury as well which can affect the brain and cause a neurological disorder which can lead to sleepiness.
The patients who have been dealing with this health condition had to go through clinical evaluations, questionnaires, sleep logs... It is a long process but in the end, you are going to know what you are dealing with and that is why this is necessary in addition to all the medicines that you have to take. The physician and the patient have to collect the date together in order to make sure they start fighting this disease properly. There is also a blood test in order to see what type of HLA that patient has.
The bad news is that there is no cure for narcolepsy but the good news is that there are anti narcoleptic drugs that are going to keep you awake. Also, there are many ways for treating it and of course one of the most common ways is by taking the medicines which are mentioned above. There are also antidepressants which are going to establish a better sleep pattern during the night. If you follow these rules and procedures, chances are that you are going to solve this health issue quite fast. It is important to realize that you are dealing with excessive sleepiness and start working on it as soon as possible.
There is no doubt that Modafinil is among the most popular and the best medicines when it comes to treating sleepiness. It has a similar effect like amphetamines and these are some of the most common medicines for treating wakefulness. Still, it is a lot safer to use this medicine in order to solve all your health problems. This is the medicine that most of the doctors are going to prescribe to their patients and that is all the proof you need before you order it on the internet.
No matter how many doctors you ask about this medicine, they are all going to tell you that this is one of the best ones on the market and that is one of the reasons why so many people who have been dealing with excessive sleepiness have been taking it for a long time. The results are great and the good news is that there are not that many side effects at all and that more than 95% of the people solve their problems quite easily with this amazing medicine. If you are dealing with these issues, there is no time for wasting!
Order Modafinil today.
Here is a question that many people who have been dealing with excessive sleepiness have been asking - what is the difference between generic and brand name drugs? In this article you are going to find all the answers and much more. First of all, it is important to mention that generic drugs are copies of the drugs which are brand name medicines and when it comes to one of the top rated drugs for treating excessive sleepiness (Modafinil), the same applies here as well.
The dosage is totally the same, and so are the side effects, intended use, risks, route of administration, strength of the medicine, safety, etc. In other words, the pharmacological effects are completely the same, but now you are probably going to have that other question - there has to be some difference, right?
True, there is. Generic drugs are cheaper, but that doesnt mean that the quality of the medicine is any different from the original, brand name drug. If the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a generic medicine, there is nothing to worry about at all. You can purchase Modafinil online and not worry about serious side effects.
The only reason why generic drugs cost less is because the companies manufacturing them dont have the expenses of marketing and developing a new medicine. They already have the patent and all they have to do is create a generic medicine which is a perfect copy of the original - brand name drug. Also, it is not true that generic drugs have been manufactured in the facilities which are not able to provide high quality. With all this said, you can buy any generic drug you want, but first make sure that it is FDA approved.
Not only that you are going to save money, but at the same time you will not have to go to the doctor's office and wait in line in order to get your pack of Moldafinil, for example, if you want to treat excessive sleepiness and stay awake. There is another misbelief that generic drugs take longer in order to affect your organism, but that is also not true. In order for a medicine to be approved by the FDA, the experts need to make sure that the medicine is working as fast as the brand name drug, and that is why there is no difference when it comes to the time that is necessary for a medicine to work.
No matter what is the disease or the disorder that you are dealing with, you have to keep in mind that it is not a bad idea to purchase a generic drug instead of a brand name medicine.
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Hines Ward's Hall of Fame credentials
March, 20, 2012
By Jason Vida | ESPN.com
Doug Pensinger/Getty Images
A third-round pick in 1998, Hines Ward played in three Super Bowls and had 1,000 career receptions.
Hall of Fame voting results in recent years seem to show that outstanding individual production (Cris Carter), even when combined with consistent team success (Andre Reed), no longer guarantee a wide receiver a bust in Canton.
But Hines Ward, the all-time leading receiver of a franchise that already has a pair of Hall-of-Fame wideouts, has as good a case as any receiver for a bust among the game's greats.
His numbers are impressive in their own right: 1,000 receptions (eighth all-time), 12,083 receiving yards (18th) and 85 receiving touchdowns (T-13th).
Ward's production as a pass-catcher is even more imposing when one considers that over the duration of his 14-season career, the Steelers were the NFL's most run-heavy offense. Pittsburgh ran the ball on 48.8 percent of its plays from 1998-2011. No other team ran the ball on more than 47 percent of its snaps over that span.
More so than in any other sport, wins and losses aren't attributable to a single player in football. But the Steelers' success with Ward on the roster can't be discounted. During his career, the Steelers won 140 regular-season games, third-most behind the New England Patriots and Indianapolis Colts. Pittsburgh's 12 postseason wins over that span were second to only New England.
There is also the matter of Ward's two Super Bowl rings, and his strong play in the Steelers' Super Bowl XLV loss. The MVP of Super Bowl XL, Ward had 244 receiving yards in his three Super Bowl appearances, seventh-most ever in the Super Bowl. And only Jerry Rice (151) caught more passes than Ward (88) in postseason history.
Although catches, yards and touchdowns are the most important items on a wideouts Hall of Fame résumé, shouldn't a receiver's performance on running plays also be part of the equation?
It is here where Ward, regarded as one of the greatest blocking wide receivers in league history, differentiates himself from the group of receivers waiting on a call from Canton.
Ward's blocking helped the Steelers rush for nearly 129 yards per game from 1998-2011, more than every team except the Denver Broncos and Jacksonville Jaguars. Even last season, when the 35-year-old Ward was on the field for fewer than half of the Steelers offensive plays, Pittsburgh's rushing game was markedly better with Ward in the game. The Steelers averaged 5.3 yards per rush with Ward on the field compared to 4.1 with him on the sideline.
The line of wide receivers waiting for a spot in the Hall is long, but Ward's career résumé on one of the league's most successful franchises could earn him a spot near the front.
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text:
5.27.2014 (via the Associated Press) – The finish was worth the wait for Ryan Hunter-Reay, who used a series of daredevil moves to deny Helio Castroneves a chance at history.
Hunter-Reay became the first American since 2006 to win the Indianapolis 500, passing Castroneves at the Yard of Bricks as the two bright yellow cars raced wheel-to-wheel under the white flag in a thrilling final lap. As Hunter-Reay surged ahead down the backstretch, Castroneves took one final look coming out of Turn 4 but couldn't pull off the pass.
Hunter-Reay won by 0.060 seconds — the second closest finish in race history since Al Unser Jr. beat Scott Goodyear by 0.043 seconds in 1992.
"I'm a proud American boy, that's for sure," Hunter-Reay said in Victory Lane. "I've watched this race since I was sitting in diapers on the floor in front of the TV. This is American history, this race, this is American tradition."
Castroneves, trying to become the fourth driver to win a record fourth Indianapolis 500, settled for second. He was devastated by the defeat and needed several moments to compose himself, slumped in his car, head down and helmet on, before he was ready to speak. The Brazilian said a caution with 10 laps to go that caused a red flag so track workers could clean up debris and make repairs to the track wall broke his rhythm.
"It was a great fight," he smiled. "I tell you what, I was having a great time. Unfortunately second. It's good, but second sucks, you know what I mean?"
Marco Andretti finished third and Carlos Munoz was fourth as Andretti Autosport had three cars in the top four, as well as the winner.
Kurt Busch, also in a Honda for Andretti, was sixth in his first race of the day. He left immediately after the race to fly to North Carolina for Sunday night's NASCAR Sprint Cup race, where he his attempt to become the second driver to complete 1,100 miles (1770 kilometers) in both races on the same day ended when his car blew an engine late.
Three other drivers made the attempt, but only Tony Stewart in 2001 completed The Double. Stewart was sixth at Indy and third at Charlotte Motor Speedway.
"All in all, I'm very pleased. I cannot believe the execution of this team," Busch said before hustling away to a helicopter ride to his waiting plane. "I tried to enjoy it. My throat's real dry because I was smiling the whole time and the fresh air was coming in my mouth."
Marco Andretti appeared to have a shot at the win, but never could mix it up with Hunter-Reay and Castroneves as the two leaders swapped position four times in the final five laps.
"Ryan's just been a huge part of our team, a great guy, a friend," said Michael Andretti, who won for the third time as a team owner and watched his son finish third. "To have him get a win here is awesome, he deserves it, he deserves to have his face on that trophy. If it couldn't be Marco, he's the next guy I wanted."


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Pick Your Own Strawberries at Seaman's Orchard.
Seaman's Orchard
415 Dark Hollow Road, Roseland, VA, 22967
8AM – 12Noon, under the big white tent. Live music by Kim and Jimbo Cary.
Nelson Farmers Market Cooperative
3079 Rockfish Valley Hwy, Nellysford, VA, 22958
Live Music and Mouth Wide Open Food Truck at Blue Mountain Barrel House.
Blue Mountain Barrel House
495 Cooperative Way, Arrington, VA, 22922
More than 300 artisans were hired to create the palace as a replica of the Villa de Medici in Rome.
Swannanoa Palace
497 Swannanoa Lane, Afton, VA, 22920
Wine into Summer at Wintergreen Winery.
Wintergreen Winery
462 Winery Lane, Nellysford, VA, 22958
Memorial Day Weekend Celebration at Democracy Vineyards.
Democracy Vineyards
585 Mountain Cove Road, Lovingston, VA, 22949


text:
Free Store Collection When Reserved Online
Free Returns On All UK Orders
Home Delivery From £2.50 - Next Day £3.99
This product is sold out
These boys sandals are ideal for summer. With it's easy touch fastening and simple design, they can be worn with shorts or jeans for a casual look. Read more ...


text:
LG Electronics (LGE) has unveiled its latest LCD (SL80 series) and LED (SL90 series) HDTVs at the company's annual Summer Line Show.
Both the SL80 and SL90 series feature a single edge-to-edge panel of glass over an ultra-slim bezel.
The SL90 is a full HD 1080p LED-backlit HDTV, and its LED display technology and TruMotion 120Hz technology provide enhanced picture quality and energy efficiency with 3,000,000:1 LED mega contrast ratio, the company said. The SL90 series will be released later this year in 42- and 47-inch.
The SL80 series is less than 1.8 inches thick at its slimmest point and utilizes slim CCFL technology with TruMotion 240Hz technology. The model will be available beginning in August, in 42-, 47-, and 55-inch sizes at MSRPs of US$1,599.95, US$1,899.95 and US$2,799.95 respectively.
- Wireless broadband developments in Southeast Asia markets
As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- Greater China touch panel shipment forecast through 2015
This Special Report provides forecasts through 2015 for Greater China touch panel shipments with breakdowns based on technology (glass, film, resistive), application (smartphone, NB and tablet) and by firm.
- 2014 global tablet demand forecast
This report analyzes the main players, their strategies and shipments forecasts for 2014, as well as other factors contributing to either growth or decline in various segments within the tablet market, with a particular focus on Apple, Google, Samsung, and Microsoft, along with whitebox vendors.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Margaret Cho | |
Cho in 2009 | |
Birth name | Margaret Moran Cho |
Born | San Francisco, California, U.S. | December 5, 1968
Medium | comedy, television, film |
Nationality | American |
Years active | 1993–present |
Genres | Political satire, LGBT humor |
Subject(s) | Gay rights, race, liberal issues |
Influences | Lenny Bruce, Richard Pryor, Bill Hicks |
Spouse | Al Ridenour (m. 2003) |
Notable works and roles | Assassin I'm the One That I Want |
Website | MargaretCho.com |
Korean name | |
Hangul | 조모란 |
Hanja | 趙牡丹[1] |
Revised Romanization | Jo Mo-ran |
McCune–Reischauer | Cho Moran |
Margaret Cho | |
Cho in 2009 | |
Birth name | Margaret Moran Cho |
Born | San Francisco, California, U.S. | December 5, 1968
Medium | comedy, television, film |
Nationality | American |
Years active | 1993–present |
Genres | Political satire, LGBT humor |
Subject(s) | Gay rights, race, liberal issues |
Influences | Lenny Bruce, Richard Pryor, Bill Hicks |
Spouse | Al Ridenour (m. 2003) |
Notable works and roles | Assassin I'm the One That I Want |
Website | MargaretCho.com |
Korean name | |
Hangul | 조모란 |
Hanja | 趙牡丹[1] |
Revised Romanization | Jo Mo-ran |
McCune–Reischauer | Cho Moran |
Margaret Moran Cho (born December 5, 1968) is an American comedian, fashion designer, actress, author, and singer-songwriter. Cho, of Korean ancestry, is best known for her stand-up routines, through which she critiques social and political problems, especially those pertaining to race and sexuality. She has also directed and appeared in music videos and has her own clothing line. She has frequently supported LGBT rights and has won awards for her humanitarian efforts on behalf of women, Asians, and the LGBT community.
As an actress she has played parts such as Charlene Lee in It's My Party and that of John Travolta's FBI colleague in the action movie Face/Off. She is part of the TV series Drop Dead Diva on Lifetime Television, playing the role of Teri Lee, a paralegal assistant.
Cho was born into a Korean family in San Francisco, California. She grew up in a racially diverse neighborhood in the 1970s and 1980s, which she described as a community of "old hippies, ex-druggies, burn-outs from the '60s, drag queens, Chinese people, and Koreans. To say it was a melting pot — that's the least of it. It was a really confusing, enlightening, wonderful time."[2]
Cho's parents, Young-Hie and Seung-Hoon Cho,[3] ran Paperback Traffic, a bookstore on Polk Street at California Street in San Francisco. Her father writes joke books and a newspaper column in Seoul, South Korea.[4] After Cho expressed an interest in performance, she auditioned and was accepted into the San Francisco School of the Arts, an area arts high school. While at the school, she became involved with the school's improvisational comedy group[5] alongside actors Sam Rockwell and Aisha Tyler.
After doing several shows in a club adjacent to her parents' bookstore, Cho launched a stand-up career and spent several years developing her material in clubs. Cho's career began to build after appearances on television and university campuses. In 1992, she appeared on the unsuccessful Golden Girls spin-off The Golden Palace in a small role. In 1994, Cho won the American Comedy Award for Best Female Comedian.[6] In 2010, on The View, she discussed her nervousness about doing The Golden Palace and thanked the late Rue McClanahan for her help with rehearsing. She also secured a coveted spot as opening act for Jerry Seinfeld and was featured on a Bob Hope special around this time and was also a frequent visitor to The Arsenio Hall Show.[7]
That same year, ABC developed and aired a sitcom based on Cho's stand-up routine. The show, All-American Girl, was initially feted as the first show prominently featuring an East Asian family, although the short lived sitcom Mr. T and Tina preceded it by nearly two decades.
Cho has expressed subsequent regret for much of what transpired during the production of the show.
The show was canceled after suffering from poor ratings and the effect of major content changes over the course of its single season (19 episodes).[9]
After the show's 1995 cancellation, Cho became addicted to drugs including alcohol. As detailed in her 2002 autobiography, I'm the One That I Want, in 1995 her substance abuse was evident during a performance in Monroe, Louisiana, where she was booed off the stage by 800 college students after going on the stage drunk.[10]
At the same time All-American Girl underwent a difficult period, Margaret Cho hosted the New Year's Rockin' Eve 95 show with Steve Harvey.[11][12][13]
Cho and her family and friends appeared in an episode of NBC's series Celebrity Family Feud, which premiered on June 24, 2008. Later that summer, Cho appeared in her own semi-scripted reality sitcom for VH1. The Cho Show premiered on August 21, 2008[14] and lasted one season. She next appeared as a supporting actress on the series Drop Dead Diva, which debuted in July 2009.[15]
In April 2011, Cho guest starred on the comedy 30 Rock in the episode "Everything Sunny All the Time Always". She played North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il. The role had her speak Korean as well as English. She was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series.[16] She later returned as his son, Kim Jong-Un. In 2010, Cho appeared as a contestant on the 11th season of Dancing with the Stars.[17]
She appeared on the YouTube comedy show Equals Three as the Comment Question of the Day.
Cho's career and personal life were challenging after the cancellation of the show, but Cho eventually sobered, refocused her energy and developed new material. In 1999, she wrote about her struggles with the show in her first one-woman show, I'm the One That I Want. Cho then released her book of the same name, and the show was filmed and released as a concert film in 2000. Her material dealt with her difficulties breaking into show business because of her ethnicity and weight and her resulting struggle with and triumph over body image issues and drug and alcohol addiction.[18]
In 2005, Cho released her second book, I Have Chosen to Stay and Fight, a compilation of essays and prose about global politics, human rights, and other topical issues. Cho launched a national book tour in support of the collection. An audio reading of the book was also released. A DVD of a live taping of the Assassin tour was released in conjunction with the book.
In late 2004, Cho began work on her first self-written film in which she starred. Bam Bam and Celeste, a low-budget comedy about a "fag hag" and her gay best friend, co-starred Cho's friend and co-touring act Bruce Daniels. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2005. On Valentine's Day of 2004, Cho spoke at the Marriage Equality Rally at the California State Capitol. Her speech can be seen in the documentary Freedom to Marry.[19][20]
In the 1997 film "Face/Off" starring Nicolas Cage and John Travolta, Margaret Cho plays "Wanda", an FBI agent.[21]
Cho appeared in an episode of the HBO comedy Sex and the City's fourth season. The episode, titled "The Real Me", first aired on June 3, 2001, and also guest-starred Heidi Klum.
In 2002, the show Notorious C.H.O. (the title derived from slain rapper The Notorious B.I.G.) dealt with the comedian having been raised in 1970s San Francisco and her bisexuality. The next year, Cho made another stand-up film, Revolution, which was released in 2004.
In 2005, Cho started promoting and touring with her new show, Assassin. The show became her fourth live concert film and premiered on the gay and lesbian premium cable network Here! TV in September 2005. In this DVD, she notably includes herself when talking about gays, saying "we" and "our community". Posters for Assassin featured Cho in paratrooper gear and holding a microphone in the style of an automatic rifle, a reference to the infamous 1974 photo of heiress Patty Hearst.
Cho launched "The Sensuous Woman"[22] burlesque-style variety show tour in Los Angeles on August 10, 2007, with tour dates scheduled through November 3, as of October 10.[23] Past and scheduled tour stops after Los Angeles are Chicago, Illinois and New York City.[23] On August 10, 2007 the San Francisco Chronicle reviewed the show, Cho's work, key events in her personal life and characterized the show as, "In fact, as bawdy and bad-behaving as the cast gets, the whole show feels more like a crazy family reunion than a performance."[24]
The premiere performance of Cho's "Beautiful" tour was on February 28, 2008, in Sydney, Australia as part of the Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Festival. Cho was also the Chief of Parade for the festival's annual parade along Oxford Street on March 1. During her stay in Sydney, Cho was filmed shopping for parade outfits in a drag store with Kathy Griffin and Cyndi Lauper for Griffin's Bravo series My Life on the D-List. The episode featuring Cho aired on June 26, 2008.
Her "Mother" tour embarked fall 2013 and is heading to Europe in 2014. The title of the tour refers not to Cho's impressions of her own mother, but to Cho herself. It is her nickname for the figure she has played to her many gay friends over the years.[25]
In September 2008, Cho released her single, "I Cho Am a Woman", on iTunes. The song, produced by Desmond Child,[26] was featured on her VH1 series.
Throughout 2010, she worked on a full length album, going through the titles "Guitarded" and "Banjovi" before finally settling on Cho Dependent.[27] The album was released on August 24, 2010. It was supported by music videos for "I'm Sorry", "Eat Shit and Die", and "My Lil' Wayne"; Liam Kyle Sullivan directed the first two. The album was nominated for a 2010 Grammy award for Best Comedy Album.[28] In 2011 Showtime released a stand-up comedy special entitled Margaret Cho: Cho Dependent which featured musical performances from the album.[29]
In May 2010, Cho directed and appeared in the music video for "I Wanna Be a Bear," a song by "Pixie Herculon" (a pseudonym of Jill Sobule).
In July 2014, Cho appeared in the "Weird Al" Yankovic music video "Tacky."[30]
Cho is also well known for discussing her relationship with her mother, particularly in imitating her mother's heavily accented speech. Her depictions of "Mommy" have become a popular part of her routine. Cho's comedy routines are often explicit. She has covered substance abuse, eating disorders, her bisexuality and obsession with gay men, and Asian-American stereotypes, among other subjects, in her stand up.
A substantial segment of her material and advocacy addresses LGBT issues. In addition to her shows, Cho also developed an additional outlet for her advocacy with the advent of Margaretcho.com and her daily weblog. When San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom directed that San Francisco's city hall issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples in San Francisco in 2004 (until reversed by the state supreme court), Cho started Love is Love is Love,[31] a website promoting the legalization of gay marriage in the United States.
Cho's material often features commentary on politics and contemporary American culture. She has also been outspoken about her dislike of former President George W. Bush. She began to draw intense fire from conservatives over her fiercely anti-Bush commentary; a live performance in Houston, Texas was threatened with picketing. Although protesters never showed up, she held a counter protest outside the club until security told her she had to go inside.[32]
In 2004, Cho was performing at a corporate event in a hotel when after ten minutes her microphone was cut off and a band was instructed to begin playing. Cho claims this was because the manager of the hotel was offended by anti-Bush administration comments. Cho's payment, which was issued by way of check directly to a non-profit organization, a defense fund for the West Memphis Three, initially bounced but was eventually honored.[33]
In July 2004, during the Democratic National Convention, Cho was disinvited to speak at a Human Rights Campaign/National Stonewall Democrats fundraiser out of fear that her comments might cause controversy. In November 2005, she campaigned to pardon Stanley Tookie Williams, an early Crips gang leader, for his death sentence for four murders. On December 13, 2005, after exhausting all forms of appeal, Williams was executed by lethal injection at San Quentin State Prison, California.[34]
She emceed the multi-artist True Colors Tour,[35] which traveled through 15 cities in the United States and Canada. The tour, sponsored by the Logo channel, began on June 8, 2007. Headlined by Cyndi Lauper, the tour also included Debbie Harry, Erasure, The Gossip, Rufus Wainwright, The Dresden Dolls, The MisShapes, Rosie O'Donnell, Indigo Girls, The Cliks and other special guests. Profits from the tour helped to benefit the Human Rights Campaign as well as PFLAG and The Matthew Shepard Foundation.
On January 25, 2008, Cho officially gave her support to Barack Obama for the nomination on the Democratic ticket for the 2008 U.S. presidential election.[36] After Republican Presidential candidate John McCain announced his running-mate, Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska, Cho said of Palin, "I think [Palin] is the worst thing to happen to America since 9/11."[37]
After same-sex marriage became legal in California in May 2008, Cho was deputized by the City of San Francisco to perform marriages there.[38]
In 2002, Cho founded a clothing line with friend and fashion designer Ava Stander called High Class Cho. The company eventually went defunct.[citation needed]
In 2004, Cho took up bellydancing and in 2006 started her own line of bellydancing belts and accessories called Hip Wear[39] (sold through her website). She also had extensive tattooing done[40][41] to cover the majority of her back. She co-wrote and starred in a sitcom pilot based around the "Mommy" character of her stand-up, but it was not picked up. She began releasing comedic rap animated videos on her website under the moniker "M.C. M.C." (MC Margaret Cho) including the tracks "Finger" and "Roofies."
In November 2006, Cho joined the board of Good Vibrations.[42] She co-wrote a rap song with fellow comedian Diana Yanez entitled "My Puss", which they recorded as the duo as "Maureen and Angela". She then appeared in and directed the music video for the song.[43] In December 2006, Cho appeared on the Sci-Fi Channel's miniseries The Lost Room as Suzie Kang.[44]
In 2007, Cho appeared in The Dresden Dolls' video of their song "Shores of California", which was MCed by Amanda Palmer[45] and in The Cliks' video for "Eyes in the Back of My Head", in which she played Lucas Silveira's lover.[46] She also voiced a character, Condie Ling, on the Logo animated series Rick & Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World. Her episodes began airing in 2007.
Recently on an episode of The Hour with host George Stroumboulopoulos, Cho mentioned that she loved Broken Social Scene and wishes to be a part of the band (offering to play the rainstick or the triangle). On air, Stroumboulopoulos called Kevin Drew from his cell phone and Cho made her request to join the band via his voicemail.[citation needed]
In April 2009, Cho was photographed by photographer Austin Young and appeared in a Bettie Page–inspired "Heaven Bound" art show.[47]
In September 2010, she competed in the eleventh season of Dancing with the Stars partnered by Louis van Amstel. She was the third star to be eliminated on week three of the show, landing her in 10th place.
The online human rights awareness project America 2049 had Margaret portray one of the main characters, whose videos were played as part of the main storyline. The Facebook-interfaced game uses a fictional, fractioned future in order to highlight today's social inequities.[48]
In 2011 Cho sang the Bob Mould song "Your Favourite Thing" at the tribute concert 'See A Little Light' with Grant-Lee Phillips.
Since January 2013, Cho has been the co-host of the weekly podcast Monsters of Talk, along with Jim Short.
In 2014, she participated in Do I Sound Gay?, a documentary film by David Thorpe about stereotypes of gay men's speech patterns.[49]
In 1994 Cho was in a relationship with Quentin Tarantino and he appeared in the Pulp Fiction-parody episode of her All-American Girl sitcom, Pulp Sitcom, as Desmond, a bootleg-video salesman.
Cho married Al Ridenour, an artist involved in the production of Cacophony Society and the Art of Bleeding, in 2003.[50] Cho was featured in an Art of Bleeding performance in March 2006.[51] In a Bond interview, she reveals that her marriage is "very conventional and conservative, I think. I mean we're such weird people that people just can't imagine that we would have a conventional marriage. But, yeah, we are very conventional."[52]
As of 2009, Cho lives in Peachtree City, Georgia,[53] as Drop Dead Diva is filmed in the Atlanta area.
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
1994 | Angie | Admissions Nurse #2 | |
1995 | Doom Generation, TheThe Doom Generation | Clerk's Wife | |
1996 | It's My Party | Charlene Lee | |
1997 | Pink as the Day She Was Born | Donna | |
1997 | Face/Off | Wanda | |
1997 | Fakin' da Funk | May-Ling | |
1997 | Sweethearts | Noreen | |
1998 | Ground Control | Amanda | |
1998 | Thin Pink Line, TheThe Thin Pink Line | Asia Blue / Terry | |
1998 | Rugrats Movie, TheThe Rugrats Movie | Lt. Klavin (voice) | |
1999 | Can't Stop Dancing | JoJo | |
1999 | Tavern, TheThe Tavern | Carol | |
2000 | $pent | Travel Agent (Shirley) | |
2002 | Grocery Store | Store Clerk | Video short |
2003 | Nobody Knows Anything! | Rental Car Agent | |
2005 | Bam Bam and Celeste | Celeste / Mommy | |
2006 | Falling for Grace | Janie | |
2007 | Girltrash! | Min Suk | Video short |
2007 | Love Is Love | Jealous Girlfriend at movie | Short film |
2008 | One Missed Call | Det. Mickey Lee | |
2008 | Snake, TheThe Snake | The Expert | |
2008 | Prop 8: The Musical | California Gays and The People That Love Them | Short film |
2009 | 17 Again | Mrs. Dell | |
2011 | Mindwash. The Jake Sessions | Dr. Francine Kovinsky (voice) | Short film |
2011 | Thugs, the Musical! | Yvette | Short film |
2012 | Immigrant, TheThe Immigrant | Margaret | Short film |
2013 | Amelia's 25th | Babs | |
2013 | Wedding Palace | The Shaman | |
2013 | Fish Power | Queen Tilapia | Short film |
2014 | Senior Project | Ms. Ghetty |
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
1992 | Move the Crowd | TV movie | |
1992 | Golden Palace, TheThe Golden Palace | Dr. Fong | Episode: "One Old Lady to Go" |
1993 | Red Shoe Diaries | Episode: "Hotline" | |
1994 | Critic, TheThe Critic | (voice) | Episode: "The Pilot" |
1994 | Attack of the 5 Ft. 2 Women | Connie Tong | TV movie |
1994–95 | All-American Girl | Margaret Kim | 19 episodes |
1995 | Duckman | Mai Lin (voice) | Episode: "In the Nam of the Father" |
1995 | Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child | Queen | Episode: "The Princess and the Pea" |
1997 | Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child | Hul Muh Ni (voice) | Episode: "The Little Mermaid" |
1998 | Five Houses | TV movie | |
1998 | Nanny, TheThe Nanny | Caryn | Episode: "Mom's the Word" |
2001 | Sex and the City | Lynne | Episode: "The Real Me" |
2002 | One on One | Coach | Episode: "Me & My Shadow" |
2006 | Lost Room, TheThe Lost Room | Suzie Kang | Episode: "The Comb and the Box" Episode: "The Eye and the Prime Object" |
2007 | 'Til Death | Nicole | 3 episodes |
2007–09 | Rick & Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World | Condie Ling / Various (voice) | 9 episodes |
2008 | Two Sisters | TV movie | |
2008 | Sordid Lives: The Series | Therapist #17 | Episode: "The Day Tammy Wynette Died - Part 1" |
2009–14 | Drop Dead Diva | Teri Lee | Main role, 72 episodes |
2010 | Ghost Whisperer | Prof. Avery Grant | 3 episodes |
2010 | A-List: New York, TheThe A-List: New York | Herself | Episode: "Texting and Tears" |
2011–12 | 30 Rock | Kim Jong-Il | Episode: "Everything Sunny All the Time Always" Episode: "The Return of Avery Jessup" Episode: "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?" Nominated - Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series |
2013 | Where the Bears Are | Mistress Lena | Episode: "Bears in Chains" |
2013 | Pound Puppies | Mrs. Wattana | Episode: "Rebound's First Symphony" |
2014 | Cabot College | Laura | TV Movie |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Margaret Cho |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Margaret Cho. |


text:
Saint Eugenian of Autun
Also known as
- Eugenianus
Fourth century bishop of Autun, France. Fierce opponent of Arianism, which led to his martyrdom.
Additional Information
- Book of Saints, by the Monks of Ramsgate
- Catholic Online
- Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon
- Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints
MLA Citation
- "Saint Eugenian of Autun". Saints.SQPN.com. 7 January 2014. Web. 6 March 2015. <>


text:
Games industry consultant Nicholas Lovell has published a new tool on his Games Brief website that could be really useful to mobile developers starting work on freemium games.
One caveat: it's for online games rather than mobile specifically. The GAMESbrief online games spreadsheet offers formulae crunching the key metrics for free-to-play games – monthly active users; daily active users; retention rate; conversion rate; split between whales, dolphins and minnows; and ARPPU.
"The objective is to keep the spreadsheet tracking the fewest number of KPIs that still enable you to get a good grasp of your business," explains Lovell. "The six metrics I've identified will help you identify where your game is performing above market benchmarks and where it is performing below them. The value of the spreadsheet lies in its simplicity."
Well worth a look.


text:
Monster Slam Tickets
Find the Monster Slam tickets you're looking for on viagogo, the world's largest ticket marketplace. Select an event from the Monster Slam fixtures to view the range of tickets available. You can also sell your spare Monster Slam tickets on viagogo, and listing tickets is free. All Monster Slam tickets are covered by the viagogo Ticket guarantee!
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viagogo is your online ticket marketplace for concert tickets, sports tickets and theatre tickets.


text:
Thank you United Way for the Community Spirit Award recognition!
On February 27th, the United Way of Kitchener Waterloo & Area announced the Community Spirit Awards. These awards recognize individuals and organizations that have made a difference in our community through their involvement with United Way KW. This year Carizon Family and Community Services and the City of Kitchener received the Community Impact Award that recognizes organizations that demonstrate exceptional support of United Way KW by helping to change community conditions for the better.


text:
Atrial Fibrillation
What is atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation (say "A-tree-uhl fih-bruh-LAY-shun") is an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that starts in the upper parts (atria) of the heart.
Normally, the heart beats in a strong, steady rhythm. In atrial fibrillation, a problem with the heart's electrical system causes the atria to quiver, or fibrillate. The quivering upsets the normal rhythm between the atria and the lower parts (ventricles) of the heart. The lower parts may beat fast and without a regular rhythm.
Atrial fibrillation is dangerous because it greatly increases the risk of stroke. If the heart doesn't beat strongly, blood can collect, or pool, in the atria. Pooled blood is more likely to form clots. If the heart pumps a clot into the bloodstream, the clot can travel to the brain and block blood flow, causing a stroke. Atrial fibrillation can also lead to heart failure.
What causes atrial fibrillation?
Conditions that damage or strain the heart commonly cause atrial fibrillation. These include:
- High blood pressure .
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) .
- Heart attack .
- Heart valve disease , especially diseases of the mitral valve.
Atrial fibrillation may also be caused by:
- Other medical problems, such as lung disease, pneumonia, or a high thyroid level (hyperthyroidism).
- Heart surgery.
- Heavy alcohol use. Having more than 3 drinks a day over many years can cause long-lasting atrial fibrillation. Drinking a large amount of alcohol at one time (binge drinking) may also cause a spell (episode) of atrial fibrillation.
- Use of stimulants. These include caffeine, nicotine, medicines such as decongestants, and illegal drugs such as cocaine.
- Use of some prescription medicines, such as albuterol or theophylline.
Sometimes doctors can't find the cause. Doctors call this lone atrial fibrillation.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms may include:
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded.
- Feeling out of breath.
- Feeling weak and tired.
- A feeling that the heart is fluttering, racing, or pounding (palpitations).
- A feeling that the heart is beating unevenly.
- Chest pain (angina).
- Fainting.
Atrial fibrillation is common, especially in older adults, and it may not cause obvious symptoms. If you have any of the symptoms listed, see your doctor. Finding and treating atrial fibrillation right away can help you avoid serious problems.
How is atrial fibrillation diagnosed?
The doctor will ask questions about your past health, do a physical exam, and order tests. The best way to find out if you have atrial fibrillation is to have an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). An EKG is a test that checks for problems with the heart's electrical activity.
You might also have lab tests, a chest X-ray, and an echocardiogram. An echocardiogram can show how well your heart is pumping and whether your heart valves are damaged.
How is it treated?
A number of treatments may be used for atrial fibrillation. Which treatments are best for you depend on the cause, your symptoms, and your risk of stroke.
Doctors sometimes use a procedure called cardioversion to try to get the heartbeat back to a normal rhythm. This can be done using either medicine or a low-voltage electrical shock (electrical cardioversion). Atrial fibrillation often comes back after cardioversion.
If you have mild symptoms, or if atrial fibrillation returns after cardioversion, your doctor may prescribe medicines to control your heart rate and help prevent stroke. These may include:
- Rhythm-control medicines (antiarrhythmics) to help return the heart to its normal rhythm and keep it there.
- Rate-control medicines to keep the heart from beating too fast during atrial fibrillation.
Many people with atrial fibrillation need to take blood-thinning (anticoagulant) medicine to help prevent strokes. People at low risk for stroke may take daily aspirin instead. If you are age 55 or older and have atrial fibrillation, you can find your risk of stroke using this Interactive Tool: What Is Your Risk for a Stroke if You Have Atrial Fibrillation?
Cardioversion and medicines don't work for some people who continue to have bothersome symptoms. In these cases, doctors sometimes recommend a procedure called ablation. Ablation destroys small areas of the heart. This creates scar tissue, which blocks or destroys areas that cause or maintain the irregular heart rhythm. Afterward, you may need a pacemaker to keep your heart beating regularly.
What can you do at home for atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is often the result of heart disease or damage. So making changes that improve the condition of your heart may also improve your overall health.
- Don't smoke. Avoid secondhand smoke, too. Quitting smoking can quickly reduce your risk of stroke and heart attack.
- Eat a heart-healthy diet with plenty of fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, high-fiber grains and breads, and olive oil.
- Get regular exercise on most, preferably all, days of the week. Your doctor can suggest a safe level of exercise for you.
- Control your cholesterol and blood pressure. If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar in your target range.
- Manage your stress level. Stress can damage your heart.
- Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and stimulants.
- Avoid getting sick from the flu. Get a flu shot every year.
More information |
Health Tools
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
Decision Points focus on key medical care decisions that are important to many health problems. | |
Atrial fibrillation: Should I take anticoagulants to prevent stroke? | |
Atrial fibrillation: Should I try electrical cardioversion? | |
Heart problems: Should I have catheter ablation? | |
Actionsets are designed to help people take an active role in managing a health condition. | |
Heart disease: Eating a heart-healthy diet | |
Heart disease: Walking for a healthy heart | |
Heart problems: Living with a pacemaker or ICD | |
Warfarin: Taking your medicine safely | |
Interactive tools are designed to help people determine health risks, ideal weight, target heart rate, and more. | |
Interactive Tool: What Is Your Risk for a Stroke if You Have Atrial Fibrillation? |
Frequently Asked Questions
Learning about atrial fibrillation: |
Being diagnosed: |
Getting treatment: |
Ongoing concerns: |
Living with atrial fibrillation: |
Atrial fibrillation is caused by a problem with the electrical activity of the heart.
Conditions that damage the heart muscle or strain the heart may cause atrial fibrillation. These include:
- High blood pressure , a condition in which the force of blood against artery walls is too strong. Normal blood pressure is 119 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) systolic over 79 mm Hg diastolic or below.
- Coronary artery disease and heart attack . Coronary artery disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on the inside of the coronary arteries. These blood vessels supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
- Heart failure . Heart failure occurs when the heart is not able to pump blood effectively.
- Heart valve disease , most often mitral valve disease. Heart valve disease occurs when a heart valve is damaged or narrowed and does not properly control the flow of blood through and out of the heart.
- Cardiomyopathy . Cardiomyopathy damages the heart muscle and decreases the amount of blood it can pump.
- Myocarditis , which is inflammation of the heart muscle. Myocarditis may occur after a viral, fungal, or bacterial infection or another illness, such as diphtheria, rheumatic fever, or tuberculosis.
- Rheumatic heart disease . Rheumatic heart disease is damage to the heart muscle and heart valves that results from rheumatic fever.
- Congenital heart disease . Congenital heart defects are structural heart problems or abnormalities that have been present since birth.
- Endocarditis . Endocarditis can damage the heart muscle and heart valves.
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome , which causes rapid or irregular rhythms (arrhythmias) in the heart.
Heart surgery, such as coronary artery bypass or valve surgery, can trigger atrial fibrillation. In people older than 65, any surgery can trigger atrial fibrillation and raise the risk of complications, such as a stroke. In these cases, atrial fibrillation may be short-lasting. Treatment can return the heart to a normal rhythm.
Other conditions that cause atrial fibrillation include:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , a group of diseases that make it difficult to breathe because air does not flow easily out of the lungs.
- Pneumonia , which is an inflammation of the lungs that is most often caused by infection with bacteria or a virus.
- Pulmonary embolism . Pulmonary embolism is the sudden blockage of blood flow in an artery in the lungs.
- Hyperthyroidism , a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.
- Use of alcohol. Long-term, heavy alcohol use seems to be linked to atrial fibrillation. Besides long-term use, drinking a large amount of alcohol at one time (binge drinking) may also cause an episode of atrial fibrillation.
- Use of stimulants. These include medicines, such as theophylline, amphetamines, and decongestants that contain stimulants (such as pseudoephedrine); illegal drugs, such as cocaine, methamphetamines, or crank; and excessive nicotine or caffeine.
- Use of some prescription medicines, such as albuterol or theophylline.
- Pericarditis , which is an inflammation of the sac around the heart. Pericarditis can temporarily irritate the heart muscle.
Atrial fibrillation caused by a condition that is treatable, such as pneumonia or hyperthyroidism, often goes away when that condition is treated.
Atrial fibrillation can sometimes develop in people who do not have heart disease or other health conditions. This is called lone atrial fibrillation.
Symptoms of atrial fibrillation include:
- Heart palpitations .
- Irregular pulse.
- Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or emotional stress.
- Weakness, fatigue.
- Dizziness, confusion.
- Lightheadedness or fainting (syncope).
- Chest pain (angina).
Atrial fibrillation is often discovered during routine medical checkups because many people do not have symptoms. Others may notice an irregular pulse but do not have other symptoms.
Mild symptoms may develop immediately. More serious problems may develop after the start of atrial fibrillation and over the course of several days. So it is important to identify and treat atrial fibrillation as soon as possible to avoid serious problems.
Serious complications such as a stroke or heart failure may occur before atrial fibrillation is discovered.
What Increases Your Risk
Risk factors for atrial fibrillation include:
- Age older than 60.
- Being white and male.
- Heart failure .
- Heart valve disease .
- High blood pressure .
- Coronary artery disease and heart attack .
- Obesity .
- Obstructive sleep apnea .
- A family history of atrial fibrillation.
- Surgery on the heart.
- A history of rheumatic fever.
- Infection, such as pneumonia or endocarditis.
- Lung disease, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Metabolic conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or diabetes.
- Use of alcohol. Long-term, heavy alcohol use seems to be linked to atrial fibrillation.
- Use of stimulants. These include medicines, such as theophylline, amphetamines, and decongestants that contain stimulants (such as pseudoephedrine); illegal drugs, such as cocaine, methamphetamines, or crank; and excessive nicotine or caffeine.
- Use of some prescription medicines, such as albuterol or theophylline.
- Congenital heart disease and surgical repair of congenital heart disease.
When to Call a Doctor
Some symptoms of atrial fibrillation need urgent medical evaluation.
Call 911 or other emergency services immediately if you:
- Have severe chest pain.
- Experience any signs of a stroke.
- Feel faint and have an irregular heartbeat.
If you see someone pass out, call 911 or other emergency services immediately.
Call your doctor if you have:
- An irregular heart rate.
- Heart palpitations .
- Periods of unexplained lightheadedness, dizziness, or confusion.
- An episode of fainting or you come close to fainting for no apparent reason.
- Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise.
Who to See
The following health professionals can detect, diagnose and, in some cases, treat atrial fibrillation:
In general, the extent to which you will need specialized care will depend upon the severity of your symptoms and the complexity of your individual case. Many people who have only mild symptoms or whose arrhythmia is not causing other problems may continue to see their primary care doctors for the ongoing management of the condition.
But some people with atrial fibrillation have severe symptoms and may benefit from regular monitoring and treatment by a more specialized physician, such as a:
Exams and Tests
An electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG) is the best and simplest way to determine whether you have atrial fibrillation. An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical activity of your heart. It is usually done along with a medical history and physical exam. During your exam, your doctor will take your blood pressure to determine whether you have high blood pressure. Your doctor will also listen to your heart to see if you have a heart murmur.
If your doctor suspects that you have atrial fibrillation that comes and goes, he or she may ask you to use a device to record your heart rhythm on a continuous basis. This is referred to by several names, including ambulatory electrocardiogram, ambulatory EKG, Holter monitoring, 24-hour EKG, or cardiac event monitoring.
Your doctor may do more tests to see whether you have damage to your heart or heart valves. An exercise electrocardiogram, also called a stress test, will help your doctor see whether you have coronary artery disease. An echocardiogram gives your doctor a lot of information about your heart. It can show whether your heart valves are damaged, how well your heart is pumping, and whether you have heart failure or have had a heart attack.
You may also have a blood test to check for hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism develops when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone.
You may get an X-ray if your exams show that you might have heart failure or a problem in your lungs, such as pneumonia.
If you take anticoagulant medications for atrial fibrillation, you will need to have frequent blood tests to monitor how long it takes for your blood to clot (prothrombin time).
Your doctor may also recommend an electrophysiology (EP) study. An EP study can help your doctor see if there is a problem with your heartbeat (heart rhythm) and find out how to fix it.
Treatment Overview
Treating atrial fibrillation is important for several reasons. An irregular, rapidly beating heart can weaken the heart muscle and cause it to dilate or stretch out. This can increase your risk of developing heart failure or having chest pain or even a heart attack. Also, atrial fibrillation can greatly increase your risk of having a stroke. Atrial fibrillation can also cause symptoms that are hard to live with.
Many people are able to live full and active lives while being treated for atrial fibrillation. To stay healthy, you will probably need to take medicines, including an anticoagulant or aspirin, medicines to slow heart rate, or possibly rhythm-control medicines.
Initial treatment
If atrial fibrillation is causing your heart to pump dangerously fast or your blood pressure to drop dramatically, you will probably be taken to the hospital for treatment to restore your blood pressure and heart rate to normal. If atrial fibrillation is not causing severe symptoms, you may be treated on an outpatient basis. Treatment for people who have just started having episodes of atrial fibrillation usually includes trying to convert the heart to a normal rhythm. Sometimes anticoagulant medicines are used to prevent clots and stroke.
- If you have had atrial fibrillation forless than 48 hours, your doctor may perform a procedure called cardioversion, using either medicine or a low-voltage electrical shock (electrical cardioversion), to return the irregular heartbeat to a normal rhythm (normal sinus rhythm).
- If atrial fibrillation has lasted for more than 48 hours, attempting cardioversion could cause a stroke. In this case, you may need to take the anticoagulant medicine warfarin for several weeks before your doctor tries cardioversion. Taking anticoagulants reduces the chance that a clot might travel from the heart to the brain after cardioversion.
- If you are not sure how long you have had atrial fibrillation, you are also at risk of having a clot in your heart. If you are not having severe symptoms, such as fainting, your doctor will probably also recommend that you take anticoagulants for several weeks before cardioversion to prevent a stroke.
- If you have
severe symptoms and you are not sure how long you have
had atrial fibrillation, your doctor may try to restore your heart to a normal
rhythm immediately. In this case, your doctor will use a
transesophageal echocardiogram to determine whether
you have a clot in your heart that could cause a stroke. The results of this
test will determine what your doctor does next:
- If the heart is clear of clots, cardioversion can be attempted. Anticoagulants are used after to prevent strokes.
- If there is a clot in the heart, your doctor will prescribe anticoagulants before trying cardioversion.
Cardioversion usually works to restore a normal sinus rhythm. But in many cases the heart rhythm goes back to atrial fibrillation.
Ongoing treatment
When atrial fibrillation comes on suddenly, lasts a short time, and goes away on its own, it is called paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Typically, episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation come on more often and last longer over time.
Having paroxysmal atrial fibrillation can raise your risk of stroke. If you are at an average to high risk of having a stroke, your doctor may prescribe long-term use of the anticoagulant medicine warfarin to reduce this risk. You may be at average to high risk of stroke if you are older than 75 or have a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, or stroke. If you are at low risk of having a stroke or you cannot take warfarin, you may need to take aspirin daily.
You may also need to take rhythm-control medicines (antiarrhythmics) to try to prevent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation from recurring.
Doctors may recommend the "pill in the pocket" approach for people with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. With this approach, you can take a single dose of an antiarrhythmic drug when you feel palpitations instead of taking the medicine every day. For some people, this stops atrial fibrillation episodes. It may also reduce medicine side effects and the need to be seen in the emergency room or be hospitalized. But not everyone can use this treatment. Before you can take the "pill in the pocket" approach, your doctor will want to make sure that you do not have any other heart disease and that your heart's electrical system is normal.
Over time, episodes of atrial fibrillation typically last longer and often do not go away on their own. This is called persistent atrial fibrillation. When you have had atrial fibrillation for a long time, it is more difficult to return your heart to a normal rhythm (also called a normal sinus rhythm). When cardioversion is not an option or does not work, medicines are usually given to control the heart rate and prevent stroke.
Rate-control medicines. Rate-control medicines are used if your heart rate is too fast. These medicines include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and/or digoxin. They usually do not return your heart to a normal rhythm—in other words, your heartbeat will still be irregular. But these medicines can keep your heart from beating at a dangerously fast rate. Most people tolerate an irregular heart rhythm if the rate is kept between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
Rhythm-control medicines. Rhythm-control medicines (antiarrhythmics) are still considered valuable for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. If symptoms persist despite rate-control medicines and in certain other cases, rhythm-control medicines are often prescribed. These medicines help return the heart to its normal rhythm and keep atrial fibrillation from returning.
Research studies have changed the way persistent atrial fibrillation is treated in many cases. The studies found that traditionally prescribed rhythm-control medicines were expensive, often had side effects, and did not produce better results than rate-control medicines. Still, rate-control and rhythm-control medicines are both effective treatments for atrial fibrillation. Your doctor will likely talk with you about which of these treatments might be best for you.
Anticoagulant medicines. Most people with atrial fibrillation should take warfarin, an anticoagulant medicine, to prevent blood clots that can lead to a stroke. Warfarin can prevent stroke and save lives in people who have an average to high risk of stroke. If you have high blood pressure, diabetes, heart failure, or a history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke, you may be at average to high risk of stroke. Talk to your doctor about whether you should take warfarin.
For people with a low risk of stroke or those who cannot take warfarin, daily aspirin may be recommended.
If you are age 55 or older and have atrial fibrillation, you can find your risk of having a stroke in the next 5 years using this Interactive Tool: What Is Your Risk for a Stroke if You Have Atrial Fibrillation?
For information about whether to take anticoagulants, see:
If you take warfarin, you need to take extra steps to avoid bleeding problems. For more information, see:
Treatment if the condition gets worse
For some people with atrial fibrillation, medicines to slow the heart rate or control its rhythm do not work. These people continue to have a rapid, irregular heart rate. In these cases, doctors sometimes recommend a nonsurgical procedure called catheter ablation or a surgical procedure called the maze procedure. Experts suggest that these procedures should be performed in a medical center where the staff has experience with the procedures.
Catheter ablation
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation is relatively new and is still being studied. Catheter ablation destroys the heart tissue that causes atrial fibrillation and keeps atrial fibrillation going after it starts. Thin wires are inserted into a vein in the groin and guided into the heart. The wires have an attachment at the tip. The attachment sends out very hot or very cold temperatures. This heat or cold destroys the tissue that causes atrial fibrillation or the tissue that keeps it happening.
Catheter ablation is most successful at treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. In people with persistent or chronic atrial fibrillation, the success rate is lower. Catheter ablation is an invasive procedure and has some serious risks. Catheter ablation should only be done in people who have tried other treatments but continue to have serious symptoms. As the procedure becomes more effective and safe, doctors may use it as one of the first treatments for atrial fibrillation.
Ablation procedures either try to cure atrial fibrillation (focal ablation, circumferential ablation, or pulmonary vein ablation) or try to control your symptoms (nodal ablation).
Ablation to cure atrial fibrillation. Focal, circumferential, and pulmonary vein catheter ablation are used to try to cure atrial fibrillation. Focal ablation, also known as targeted ablation, is used to destroy the specific areas that are firing off abnormal electrical impulses and causing atrial fibrillation. Circumferential ablation is used to destroy the tissue that lets atrial fibrillation continue. Sometimes a doctor uses both focal and circumferential ablation.
Sometimes, abnormal impulses come from inside a pulmonary vein and cause atrial fibrillation. (The pulmonary veins bring blood back from the lungs to the heart.) Catheter ablation in the pulmonary vein can block these impulses and prevent atrial fibrillation from happening.
A pacemaker device is usually not needed when only specific areas are destroyed.
Ablation to control symptoms of atrial fibrillation. Nodal catheter ablation may be used to control symptoms of atrial fibrillation when the cause cannot be stopped. Nodal catheter ablation destroys your atrioventricular (AV) node and blocks electrical signals to your lower heart chambers (ventricles). After nodal catheter ablation, you will need a permanent pacemaker to regulate your heart rhythm. Nodal ablation can control your heart rate and reduce your symptoms, but it does not prevent or cure atrial fibrillation. So you will probably need to take the anticoagulant medicine warfarin.
Maze procedure
A surgical procedure to cure atrial fibrillation is called the maze procedure. The maze procedure is usually done during open-heart surgery. The procedure creates scar tissue that blocks excess electrical impulses from traveling through your heart. Because of the risks involved with open-heart surgery, this procedure is used only in people who have severe symptoms and are having heart surgery for other reasons. Doctors are developing less invasive surgical maze techniques. These may be less painful and easier to recover from.
Ongoing Concerns
Atrial fibrillation with heart disease
Heart disease—including high blood pressure, heart valve disease, and coronary artery disease—is the most common cause of atrial fibrillation. Seen mostly in people older than 65, this type of atrial fibrillation is often the most complicated to manage.
At first, people usually have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Paroxysmal episodes go away on their own. They may last anywhere from a few seconds to a few weeks and may not cause symptoms.
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation episodes may recur for weeks or years, although usually the disease progresses, and atrial fibrillation becomes persistent, meaning that it no longer goes away on its own. Your doctor may try a procedure called cardioversion, using either medicine or low-voltage electrical shock (electrical cardioversion), to return the irregular heartbeat to a normal rhythm (normal sinus rhythm). The decision to try cardioversion is based upon how bothersome you find the symptoms and how long the episode of atrial fibrillation has persisted.
If the heart cannot be converted to a normal rhythm or does not stay in a normal rhythm, medicines are used to control the heart rate and prevent it from becoming dangerously fast. Many people are able to live full and active lives while being treated for atrial fibrillation. Others may need further treatment because they develop shortness of breath, weakness, fainting, or other significant symptoms.
Lone atrial fibrillation
In rare cases, doctors cannot find the cause of atrial fibrillation. These cases are called lone atrial fibrillation. Lone atrial fibrillation occurs more often in people younger than 65. It often stops on its own, or it may need to be treated.
Treatment may be needed if a rapid heartbeat causes discomfort, decreased energy, or other unacceptable symptoms. Adults older than age 75 with lone atrial fibrillation are at risk for stroke and require treatment with the anticoagulant medicine warfarin (such as Coumadin).
Stroke risk
Atrial fibrillation increases your chance of having a stroke. When blood does not completely empty out of the rapidly beating atria, a clot can develop in the blood that pools in the atria. The clot may travel from the heart to the brain, causing a stroke.
People with atrial fibrillation and no damage to the heart valves are 6 times more likely to have a stroke than people without atrial fibrillation. The risk of stroke is significantly higher if heart valve damage is present. This risk of stroke also increases with age and with high blood pressure, diabetes, heart failure, or a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Taking anticoagulant medicines, such as warfarin, greatly reduces your risk of blood clots and stroke.
If you are age 55 or older and have atrial fibrillation, you can find your risk of having a stroke in the next 5 years using this Interactive Tool: Are You at Risk for a Stroke if You Have Atrial Fibrillation?
If atrial fibrillation is not treated, it can further damage the heart and cause serious complications, such as heart failure.
You can lower your risk of complications by controlling high blood pressure.
A healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, treatment for high blood pressure, and other measures can prevent atrial fibrillation by protecting you from heart disease. Manage your stress, exercise regularly, control your blood pressure, and do not smoke.
For tips on starting a walking program, see:
Experts also recommend that adults eat at least two servings of fish each week, particularly fish such as salmon, trout, and tuna, for a healthy heart. Also, one study found that eating baked or broiled fish may reduce your risk for developing atrial fibrillation.1 For more information, see the topic Coronary Artery Disease.
Avoid medicines, alcohol, and stimulants—such as caffeine or nicotine—that may contribute to the development of atrial fibrillation.
Take antibiotics when directed to do so by your doctor to lower your chance of getting a heart infection (endocarditis). Infection in the heart may lead to atrial fibrillation. For more information, see the topic Endocarditis.
Because atrial fibrillation raises your risk for stroke and many people do not have symptoms of atrial fibrillation, the U.S. National Stroke Association recommends that everyone, particularly those ages 55 and older and those who have other stroke risk factors, check his or her heartbeat once a month. To learn how to check your pulse, see taking your pulse. If you notice that your heartbeat does not have a regular rhythm, talk to your doctor.
Living With Atrial Fibrillation
Because atrial fibrillation is often the result of a heart condition, making changes to improve your heart condition will usually improve your overall health. Some of these changes include:
- Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke. Quitting smoking may be the most important step you can take to prevent coronary artery disease. For more information, see the topic Quitting Smoking.
- Controlling your cholesterol. This can be accomplished by diet and exercise, and medicines if needed.
- Controlling your blood pressure. Follow a low-sodium, low-fat, and low-saturated fat diet; increase your exercise; decrease alcohol intake; and take medicines, if needed, to control your blood pressure.
- Trying a balanced, low-fat and low-sodium diet, such as one based on the American Heart Association's healthy diet guidelines.2 For more information, see:
- Eating more fish. Experts recommend that adults eat at least two servings of fish each week, particularly fish such as salmon, trout, and tuna, for a healthy heart. Also, a recent study found that eating baked or broiled fish may reduce your risk for developing atrial fibrillation.1
- Not using alcohol, caffeine, or stimulants, such as methamphetamines or cocaine. Be aware that some nonprescription medicines, especially cold and herbal remedies, contain stimulants that can trigger atrial fibrillation. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking any new medicine.
- Trying an exercise program. Exercise has many positive effects: weight management, cholesterol reduction, blood pressure control, blood sugar leveling in diabetes, triglyceride reduction, mood elevation, and increased strength. Try to exercise on most, preferably all, days of the week. Talk to your doctor before starting an exercise program. For more information, see the topic Cardiac Rehabilitation.
- Avoid getting sick from the flu. Get a flu shot every year.
- Being on the alert for signs of obstructive sleep apnea because many people with atrial fibrillation also have obstructive sleep apnea.
- Using complementary options to help control your stress. Examples include:
Because atrial fibrillation raises your risk for stroke and many people do not have symptoms of atrial fibrillation, the U.S. National Stroke Association recommends that everyone, particularly those ages 55 and older, check his or her heartbeat once a month. To learn how to check your pulse, see taking your pulse. If you notice that your heartbeat does not have a regular rhythm, talk to your doctor.
Safety and warfarin
If you take an anticoagulant medicine, such as warfarin, you need to take extra steps to avoid bleeding problems. If you take warfarin:
- Get regular blood tests.
- Prevent falls and injuries.
- Eat a steady diet, and pay attention to foods that contain vitamin K.
- Tell your doctors about all other medicines and vitamins that you take.
For more information, see:
Medicine treatment decisions are based on the cause of your atrial fibrillation, your symptoms, and your risk for complications. You will likely take a medicine to help prevent a stroke. You may also take a medicine that controls your heart rate or your heart rhythm.
Treatment with medicine is often needed for many years when heart disease is the cause of atrial fibrillation.
Rate-control medicines are used if your heart rate is too fast. Your doctor may give them to you to see if your atrial fibrillation symptoms are present when your heart rate is under control. These medicines include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and/or digoxin. Rate-control medicines may not be an option if you have a lot of symptoms with atrial fibrillation.
In a study called the AFFIRM trial, rate-control medicines were found to be preferable to antiarrhythmic medicines as a first treatment for certain people with atrial fibrillation, specifically older people at risk for stroke who did not have severe symptoms. The study found that antiarrhythmic medicines were expensive, often had side effects, and did not produce better results in this group of people.3
Unlike antiarrhythmic medicines, rate-control medicines usually do not return your heart to a normal rhythm. In other words, your heart rhythm will still be irregular. But these medicines can keep your heart from beating at a dangerously fast rate. Most people tolerate an irregular heart rhythm if the rate is kept between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
Rhythm-control medicines are sometimes used to try to convert atrial fibrillation to a normal sinus rhythm. Rhythm-control medicines, also called antiarrhythmic medicines, are also used to try to maintain normal sinus rhythm when symptoms persist despite rate-control medications and in certain other cases.
Warfarin, an anticoagulant medicine, is recommended for most people with atrial fibrillation who are at average to high risk of stroke.
If you are age 55 or older and have atrial fibrillation, you can find your risk of having a stroke in the next 5 years using this Interactive Tool: What Is Your Risk for a Stroke if You Have Atrial Fibrillation?
For more information about whether you should take an anticoagulant medicine, see:
If you take an anticoagulant medicine, such as warfarin, you need to take extra steps to avoid bleeding problems. You need to:
- Get regular blood tests.
- Prevent falls and injuries.
- Eat a steady diet, and pay attention to foods that contain vitamin K.
- Tell your doctors about all other medicines and vitamins that you take.
For more information, see:
If you are at low risk of stroke or cannot take anticoagulants, your doctor may recommend that you take aspirin. It is not as effective as anticoagulant medicines in preventing clots, but it does not have as many side effects. You may take other antiplatelet medicines, such as clopidogrel (Plavix), along with aspirin or instead of aspirin. When aspirin and clopidogrel are used together, they may reduce the risk for stroke more than aspirin alone. But this combination is also more likely to cause bleeding than aspirin alone.
What to Think About
Some of these medicines may also be used to treat coronary artery disease, heart failure, and high blood pressure.
The maze procedure, a surgery to correct atrial fibrillation, may be an option. Usually medicines and catheter ablation are tried before surgery is considered. But you may be a candidate for this surgery, especially if you are already having heart surgery for another reason, such as mitral valve replacement or coronary artery bypass surgery. If this is the case, the maze procedure can be done at the same time.
The maze procedure involves creating scar tissue that blocks excess electrical impulses from traveling through your heart. It usually requires open-heart surgery, but less invasive surgical methods are being developed.
Other Treatment
Electrical cardioversion is frequently used for atrial fibrillation to restore a normal sinus rhythm if the heart rhythm does not convert on its own. You may also elect to have cardioversion if you find your symptoms bothersome.
If your atrial fibrillation has recently started and it has been continuously present for less than 48 hours, your doctor may consider using electrical cardioversion or antiarrhythmic medicines to convert your heart to a normal rhythm. If your atrial fibrillation has lasted for more than 48 hours, it is possible that the blood that is pooling in the quivering upper heart chambers (atria) has led to the formation of blood clots. Cardioversion could cause a blood clot to be pumped into the bloodstream, travel to the brain, and cause a stroke.
If you've had atrial fibrillation for more than 48 hours, your doctor will probably prescribe anticoagulants for several weeks to reduce the risk of stroke before attempting cardioversion.
But if you have severe symptoms, such as very low blood pressure, you may have cardioversion immediately. In this case, your doctor may use a transesophageal echocardiogram to assess whether you have any clots in your heart that could cause a stroke. If the transesophageal echocardiogram shows that your heart is clear of clots, you may have cardioversion. Anticoagulant medicine is taken for at least 3 weeks after cardioversion.
If medicines do not keep you in normal rhythm and you continue to be bothered by your symptoms, catheter ablation might help you. Catheter ablation is used to try to cure atrial fibrillation or to control the heart rate. The procedure destroys small areas in the heart that might be causing atrial fibrillation or keep it going. You may need a permanent pacemaker along with catheter ablation.
Other Places To Get Help
American Heart Association (AHA) | |
7272 Greenville Avenue | |
Dallas, TX 75231 | |
Phone: | 1-800-AHA-USA1 (1-800-242-8721) |
Web Address: | www.americanheart.org |
Call the American Heart Association (AHA) to find your nearest local or state AHA group. AHA can provide brochures and information about support groups and community programs, including Mended Hearts, a nationwide organization whose members visit people with heart problems and provide information and support. AHA's Web site also has information on physical activity, diet, and various heart-related conditions. |
Heart Rhythm Society | |
1400 K Street NW | |
Suite 500 | |
Washington, DC 20005 | |
Phone: | (202) 464-3400 |
Fax: | (202) 464-3401 |
Web Address: | www.hrsonline.org |
The Heart Rhythm Society provides information for patients and the public about heart rhythm problems. The Web site includes a section that focuses on patient information. This information includes causes, prevention, tests, treatment, and patient stories about heart rhythm problems. You can use the Find a Specialist section of the Web site to search for a heart rhythm specialist practicing in your area. |
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) | |
P.O. Box 30105 | |
Bethesda, MD 20824-0105 | |
Phone: | (301) 592-8573 |
Fax: | (240) 629-3246 |
E-mail: | email@example.com |
Web Address: | www.nhlbi.nih.gov |
The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) information center offers information and publications about preventing and treating:
Related Information
- Mozaffarian D, et al. (2004). Fish intake and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 110(4): 368–373.
- American Heart Association (2006). Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006. Circulation, 114(1): 82–96. [Erratum in Circulation, 114(1): e27.]
- Wyse DG (2002). Rate Versus Rhythm Control in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation. Available online: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3005618.
Other Works Consulted
- ACTIVE Investigators (2009). Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(120): 2066–2078.
- American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology (2006). AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update. Circulation, 113(19): 2363–2372. [Erratum in Circulation, 113(22): 847.]
- Boos CJ, et al. (2007). Atrial fibrillation (chronic), search date August 2007. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence. Also available online: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
- Calkins H, et al. (2007). HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures, and follow-up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 4(6): 816–861.
- Hirsch J, et al. (2008). Executive summary: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th ed.). Chest, 133(6): 71S–109S.
- Lip GYH, Watson T (2007). Atrial fibrillation (acute onset), search date October 2007. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence. Also available online: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
- Mozaffarian D, et al. (2008). Physical activity and incidence of atrial fibrillation in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation. Published online August 4, 2008 (doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.785626).
- Prystowsky EN, Waldo AL (2008). Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia. In V Fuster et al., eds., Hurst's the Heart, 12th ed., pp.953–982. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Shea JB, Sears SF (2008). A patient's guide to living with atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 117(20): e340–e343.
- Sherman DG, et al. (2005). Occurrence and characteristics of stroke events in the atrial fibrillation follow-up investigation of sinus rhythm management (AFFIRM) study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(10): 1185–1191.
- Snow V, et al. (2003). Management of newly detected atrial fibrillation: A clinical practice guideline from the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(12): 1009–1018.
Author | Robin Parks, MS |
Editor | Kathleen M. Ariss, MS |
Associate Editor | Pat Truman, MATC |
Primary Medical Reviewer | Caroline S. Rhoads, MD - Internal Medicine |
Specialist Medical Reviewer | John M. Miller, MD - Electrophysiology |
Last Updated | December 18, 2008 |
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Last Updated: December 18, 2008
Author: Robin Parks, MS
Medical Review: Caroline S. Rhoads, MD - Internal Medicine & John M. Miller, MD - Electrophysiology


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Patternmaking for Fashion Design (5th Edition)
Patternmaking for Fashion Design (5th Edition)
Publisher: ISBN: 0136069347 | edition 2009 | File type: PDF | 874 pages | 78,6 mb
Suitable for beginners and experienced patternmakers, this book's breadth of topics and detailed coverage allows students to grow as their skills progress. This edition features a new fashion and technical illustration programme that was revamped to reflect a more contemporary and culturally diverse look. A new chapter on childrenswear has been added to this edition. Other features include: fashion sketches and technical illustrations for every technique; menswear additions - basic techniques to fit the male form; a figure analysis chapter; intricate styles; tables and charts identifying measurements and other useful techniques.
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Darwin's finches use pesticide-treated cotton to line their nests and unwittingly protect themselves against parasitic fly larvae.
Darwin's finches use pesticide-treated cotton to line their nests and unwittingly protect themselves against parasitic fly larvae.
Male scientists stress mice out; using SCNT to reprogram adult cells; acetate can reach mouse brain, reduce appetite; WHO sounds "post-antibiotic era" alarm
Madness and Memory, Promoting the Planck Club, The Carnivore Way, and The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons
Tools for tracking quorum-sensing signals in bacterial colonies
Assistant Professor, Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco. Age: 38
An organization hopes to restore natural ecological processes by reintroducing large herbivores to the continent.
Conservationists are reintroducing large animals to areas they once roamed, providing ecologists with the chance to assess whether such "rewilding" efforts can restore lost ecosystems.
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis shuts down during mitosis in eukaryotic cells because all of the required actin is hoarded by the cytoskeleton.
Researchers report the first evidence of cryopreservation by an overwintering insect in which stores of an uncommon lipid are critical.
Half a million invasive silver carp are dead in a Kentucky river, and nobody knows why.


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Brunswick PlantSubmitted by Rick Wilson (not verified) on Wed, 11/16/2011 - 6:43pm.
Having worked shutdowns @ the Brunswick Plant I know a little more than the average person. What I know beyond a shawdow of a doubt is that safety (for the people that work there and the public) is always the plants first consideration. The plant is very large, and with anything mechanical, there will always be problems. This situation proves that the safe guards work, and the plant does not try to hide problems. So in this world of lies and cover-ups, I think it is nice that you hear the truth to start with, and there is no need to try and remember a bunch of lies and half truths. Safety is their primary consideration. »
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The cartoons on tastes in the garden.Till June 24th, at the Giardino dello studentato Carducci, the cartoon kermesse 'Anima, il cinema in giardino'. On Monday June 10th, 'American Pop' by Ralph Baski, on 1981. The story about a russian family, with musical ambitions, immigrated in United States, through four generation, from father on son, is the chance for a trip inside american music history. On June 17th is the time of 'Idiots and Angels' by Bill Plympton, on 2008. Angel is an arms trafficker very self-centered. One day, on his shoulders grow angel songs that force him to be a godo person. Last event, on June 24th. 'Tokyo godfathers' by Satoshi Kon, on 2003, a urban remake as a cartoon of John Ford's 1948 movie 'In the name of God'. Three homeless, an alcoholic, a girl ran away from home and a transvestite, find a little child at the Christmas eve. Trying to bring back home the little child they will live a lot of adventures around Tokyo.
Till June 24th – Anima, il cinema in giardini – via Antonio Gandusio 4 – Bologna – h.21.30


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YouTube Downloader
A newer version of YouTube Downloader is available.
Or, Learn More About YouTube DownloaderOutstanding
Full user review
"a good program became commercial"
-very simple and easy to use program
-good converterCons
-forced to install useless **** (toolbar, search)
-quality depending of the videoSummary
Youtube downloader gives you the option to download ANY youtube video very easily.
It also gives you the option to convert the .flv files into a wide arrange of commonly used files (.wmv etc.).
Sadly Youtube downloader became commercial, meaning you have to pay for important parts of the software to work (faster download, instant convertion).
But the worst part is that it AUTOMATICALLY, withoud the possibility to prevent it, changes your default search engine and installs a toolbar.
So 3 stars for the overal program and -2 stars for commercial ********
1 reply to this review
Thank you for your review. The toolbar and default search should not install automatically, there is an option in the installer to decline this. If you have issues please email me at http://youtubedownload.altervista.org/support.htm so I can look into it.
Thank you, Biennesoft


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Shows how to develop an interactive video gallery for the web in Dreamweaver using HTML5 with a Flash fallback, CSS, and the open-source JavaScript library jQuery.
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