text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Glossary API Gravity: An
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
60 60 1315 . . The higher the API gravity, the lighter the compound. Light crudes generally exceed 38 degrees API and heavy crudes are commonly labeled as all crudes with an API gravity of 22 degrees or below. Intermediate crudes fall in the range of 22 degrees to 38 degrees API gravity. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials. Aviation Gasoline (Finished): A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifi- cations are provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military Specification MIL-G-5572. Note: Data on blending components are not counted in data on fin- ished aviation gasoline. Barrel: A volumetric unit of measure for crude oil and petroleum products equivalent to 42 U.S. gallons. Bulk Sales: Wholesale sales of gasoline in individual
5 60 60 131 5 . . The higher the API gravity, the lighter the compound. Light crudes generally exceed 38 degrees API and heavy crudes are commonly labeled as all crudes with an API gravity of 22 degrees or below. Intermediate crudes fall in the range of 22 degrees to 38 degrees API gravity. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials. Aviation Gasoline (Finished): A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifi- cations are provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military Specification MIL-G-5572. Note: Data on blending components are not counted in data on fin- ished aviation gasoline. Barrel: A volumetric unit of measure for crude oil and petroleum products equivalent to 42 U.S. gallons. Bulk Sales: Wholesale sales of gasoline in individual
Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri Refinery District API Gravity ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri Refinery District API Gravity (Weighted Average) of Crude Oil Input to Refineries (Degree)
Texas Gulf Coast Refinery District API Gravity (Weighted Average ...
Texas Gulf Coast Refinery District API Gravity (Weighted Average) of Crude Oil Input to Refineries (Degree)
Texas Gulf Coast Refinery District API Gravity (Weighted ...
U.S. Percent Total Imported by API Gravity of Crude ...
Referring Pages: Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity; Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by API Gravity
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
API Gravity API Gravity (Dollars per Barrel) Period: Monthly Annual Download Series History Download Series History Definitions, Sources & Notes Definitions, Sources & Notes API Gravity Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 View History 20.0º or Less 98.76 98.37 96.70 102.63 102.06 101.99 1993-2013 20.1º to 25.0º 99.08 99.72 98.54 104.51 105.09 104.96 1993-2013 25.1º to 30.0º 92.00 92.67 90.95 98.83 98.56 98.41 1993-2013 30.1º to 35.0º 99.63 98.18 97.56 103.78 106.39 106.16 1993-2013 35.1º to 40.0º 93.89 94.99 94.59 103.04 104.77 104.20 1993-2013 40.0º or Greater 93.16 93.61 92.04 100.24 101.89 100.83 1993-2013 - = No Data Reported; -- = Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity (Percent by Interval) Period: Monthly Annual Download Series History Download Series History Definitions, Sources & Notes Definitions, Sources & Notes API Gravity Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 View History 20.0º or Less 16.07 17.25 17.35 14.65 17.17 19.70 1983-2013 20.1º to 25.0º 34.75 32.07 33.66 33.41 32.73 35.52 1983-2013 25.1º to 30.0º 9.35 8.59 8.61 11.45 8.98 7.73 1983-2013 30.1º to 35.0º 25.99 30.03 26.36 28.73 29.89 26.56 1983-2013 35.1º to 40.0º 11.94 10.60 12.42 9.74 9.89 8.80 1983-2013 40.1º to 45.0º 1.62 1.23 1.13 1.70 1.14 W 1983-2013 45.1º or Greater 0.28 0.23 0.48 0.31 0.20 W 1983-2013 - = No Data Reported; -- = Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.
Costs of Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report," July 1984 to present. 26. F.O.B. Costs of Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity 48 Energy Information Administration ...
Release Date: 1/2/2014: Next Release Date: 2/3/2014: Referring Pages: Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity; Percentages of Total ...
Table 23. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by API Gravity
"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report." 23. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by API Gravity Energy Information Administration Petroleum Marketing Annual 1997...
Table 28. Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
Oil Acquisition Report," July 1984 to present. 28. Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity 50 Energy Information Administration Petroleum Marketing Annual 1996...
EIA-182, "Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report." 23. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by API Gravity Energy Information Administration Petroleum Marketing Annual 1996...
Oil Acquisition Report," July 1984 to present. 28. Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity 50 Energy Information Administration Petroleum Marketing Annual 1997...
Table 27. Landed Costs of Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
EIA-856, "Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report," July 1984 to present. 27. Landed Costs of Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity Energy Information Administration Petroleum...
Table 24. Landed Costs of Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
49 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Petroleum Marketing Monthly February 2012 Table 24. Landed Costs of Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
27. Landed Costs of Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity Energy Information Administration/Petroleum Marketing Monthly June 1998 49. Created Date:
,"Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by API Gravity"
API Gravity" API Gravity" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by API Gravity",6,"Monthly","9/2013","10/15/1993" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_pri_dfp3_k_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_dfp3_k_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","firstname.lastname@example.com" ,,"(202) 586-8800",,,"12/2/2013 3:15:39 AM"
Figure 98. API gravity of U.S. domestic and imported crude ...
Title: Figure 98. API gravity of U.S. domestic and imported crude oil supplies, 1990-2040 (degrees) Subject: Annual Energy Outlook 2013 Author: U.S. E ...
Table Definitions, Sources, and Explanatory Notes
Key Terms Definition; API Gravity: An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is ...
API Gravity API Gravity Definitions Key Terms Definition API Gravity An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (141.5 / (sp. gr. 60ºF / 60ºF)) - 131.5 The higher the API gravity, the lighter the compound. Light crudes generally exceed 38 degrees API and heavy crudes are commonly labeled as all crudes with an API gravity of 22 degrees or below. Intermediate crudes fall in the range of 22 degrees to 38 degrees API gravity. Crude Oil A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream, it may also include:
Landed Costs of Imported Crude by API Gravity
-No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: See Definitions ...
Definition: Ground Gravity Survey | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Definition Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Definition: Ground Gravity Survey Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Ground Gravity Survey The ground gravitational method is the study of the distribution of mass in the subsurface with the observation point at the earth's surface.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition A gravity anomaly is the difference between the observed acceleration of a planet's gravity and a value predicted from a model. A location with a positive anomaly exhibits more gravity than predicted, while a negative anomaly exhibits a lower value than predicted. References ↑ http://www.amazon.com/Geophysical-Field-Theory-Three-Volume-Gravitational/dp/0124020410 Ret Like Like You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like.
Definition: Gravity Techniques | Open Energy Information
0521576326 Ret LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. rieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleDefinition:GravityTechniques&oldid598...
Qualities of Crude Oil Input Qualities of Crude Oil Input Definitions Key Terms Definition API Gravity An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (141.5 / (sp. gr. 60ºF / 60ºF)) - 131.5 The higher the API gravity, the lighter the compound. Light crudes generally exceed 38 degrees API and heavy crudes are commonly labeled as all crudes with an API gravity of 22 degrees or below. Intermediate crudes fall in the range of 22 degrees to 38 degrees API gravity. Crude Oil A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream, it may also include:
: API Help
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
How This API Document Is Organized. ... Deprecated API. The Deprecated API page lists all of the API that have been deprecated. ...
Definition: Airborne Gravity Survey | Open Energy Information
Survey Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Airborne Gravity Survey Airborne gravity gradiometry (AGG) surveys provide information regarding the mass distribution of the...
F.O.B. Costs of Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
Energy definition for quadratic curvature gravities
E-Print Network (OSTI)
A conserved current for generic quadratic curvature gravitational models is defined, and it is shown that, at the linearized level, it corresponds to the Deser-Tekin charges. An explicit expression for the charge for new massive gravity in three dimensions is given. Some implications of the linearized equations are discussed.
Ahmet Baykal
EPRI CCAPI Task Force, Generic Interface Definition (GID): DRAFT-API Design for GID
This document reviews a common data access application program interface (API) which is supported by EPRI's Control Center Application Program Interface's (CCAPI) Task Force. The CCAPI Task Force is charged with producing standards to facilitate the integration of energy management system (EMS) applications developed independently or between an EMS system and other systems concerned with different aspects of power system operations, such as generation or distribution management systems (DMS). This is acc...
Table 23. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by API ...
23. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices by API Gravity Energy Information Administration / Petroleum Marketing Annual 1996 45. Created Date:
Table 28. Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API ...
28. Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity 50 Energy Information Administration / Petroleum Marketing Annual 1997. Created Date:
drip gas, as well as liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gil- sonite, and oil shale. Excludes topped crude oil, resid- ual oil, other unfinished oils, and liquids...
API Design
this document, we focus on the C++ shader API. The lowlevel shader API, which the high-level shader API compiles to, is based on the DX9 assembly language but with a function call-based API in the style of ATI's OpenGL vertex shader extensions. This whitepaper describes a work in progress and the detailed syntax of the final system may differ from what is shown below. Please access our website at http://www.cgl.uwaterloo.ca/Projects/rendering/ for more up to date information. The syntax described here also differs from that documented for earlier versions of SMASH
Michael Mccool; Smash Metaprogramming; Shader Api; Michael D. Mccool; Qin Zheng; Tiberiu Popa
Universality and nonperturbative definitions of 2D quantum gravity from matrix models
The universality of the nonperturbative definition of Hermitian one-matrix models following the quantum stochastic, or d = 1-like stabilization is discussed in comparison with other procedures. The authors also present another alternative definition, which illustrates the need of new physical input for d = 0 matrix models to make contact with 2D quantum gravity at the nonperturbative level.
Miramontes, J.L. (Theory Div., CERN, CH-1211 Geneve 23 (Switzerland)); Guillen, J.S. (Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Theoretical Physics)
Universality and Non-Perturbative Definitions of 2D Quantum Gravity from Matrix Models
The universality of the non-perturbative definition of Hermitian one-matrix models following the quantum, stochastic, or $d=1$-like stabilization is discussed in comparison with other procedures. We also present another alternative definition, which illustrates the need of new physical input for $d=0$ matrix models to make contact with 2D quantum gravity at the non-perturbative level.
J. Luis Miramontes; Joaquin Sanchez Guillen
Table 25. Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Petroleum Marketing Monthly February 2012 50 Table 25. Percentages of Total Imported Crude Oil by API Gravity
GLUT/Tk API
... Interface. Related: Installation, Application Programming Interface, Application Development. GLUT/Tk API. Example. Here ...
FRVT 2012 NIST Concept, Evaluation Plan and API Page 1 of 55 1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 Still Face Image and Video 9 Concept, Evaluation Plan and API 10 ...
FRVT NIST Concept, Evaluation Plan and API Page 1 of 58 1 ... 7 8 9 Still Face Image and Video 10 Concept, Evaluation Plan and API 11 Version 1.4 ...
MediaWiki API
?xml version="1.0"?> ?xml version="1.0"?> ********************************************************************************************************** ** ** ** This is an auto-generated MediaWiki API documentation page ** ** ** ** Documentation and Examples: ** ** https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API **
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
?xml version="1.0"?> ?xml version="1.0"?> ****************************************************************************************** ** ** ** This is an auto-generated MediaWiki API documentation page ** ** ** ** Documentation and Examples: ** ** http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API ** ** **
Google SOAP API Google API Teil II / berblick CVS
Google SOAP API CVS Google API Teil II / �?berblick CVS Projektgruppe 520 Rafael Koloch 12. Oktober 2007 Rafael Koloch Google API Teil II / �?berblick CVS #12;Google SOAP API CVS Webservice Denition Webservice Aufruf Webservice Ergebnis auswerten Demonstration �?berblick Google API: Denition des Web
Morik, Katharina
API | OpenEI Community
API API Home Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 6 September, 2013 - 14:00 The utility rate database version 1 API is now deprecated API Utility Rates There comes a time in every API version's lifecycle when it needs to be deprecated. OpenEI's utility rate database version 1 API has been in use since the inception of the database in 2010. As Illinois State University has taken a commanding lead of the project and its data curation, we have updated the schema and API to version 2 to present a richer spectrum of utility rate data. Sfomail's picture Submitted by Sfomail(48) Member 31 May, 2013 - 12:04 Lighting Electricity Rates on OpenEI API Utility Rates Sfomail's picture Submitted by Sfomail(48) Member 17 May, 2013 - 11:14 Utility Rates API Version 2 is Live!
Energy API Browser | OpenEI
API Browser Click on a keyword or API of interest to center. Selected API information will be displayed below. Alternatively, you can download a CSV with this API data. Last...
Reegle mentions OpenEI in video on new Content Pool API | OpenEI Community
Reegle mentions OpenEI in video on new Content Pool API Reegle mentions OpenEI in video on new Content Pool API Home > Groups > OpenEI Community Central Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(2002) Super contributor 15 February, 2013 - 15:25 data energy OpenEI REEEP REEGLE structured tagging API Reegle and OpenEI share the vision that easy access to energy information will help drive future developments in clean energy development. As part of this path forward, REEEP has developed a 'Content Pool' surrounding their original term extraction API. The idea behind the content pool is that, when contributing agencies submit content to the pool via the API, they'll receive extracted energy keywords, relevant thesaurus definitions, and a link of other content with similar result sets. Florian Bauer, featured in the video, describes how the reegle tagging api
Standards for ICCP API
The Inter-Control Center Communication Protocol (ICCP) was developed as an EPRI project for the exchange of power system information between control centers, or between a control center and a generation control system or substation. ICCP is now an international standard, IEC 60870-6 known as Telecontrol Application Service Element 2 (TASE.2). However, the application program interface (API) was not a part of that standard and was left as a "local implementation issue" for each ICCP vendor to define. The ...
OpenEI Community - APIs
communityblogdatapalooza-announcementscomments APIs Big Data Datapalooza EDI EERE Open Data OpenEI Energy Data Jam EERE - Energy Data Initiative Energy Data Initiative...
Appendix C. Changes to the API
... OOF2: The Manual. Appendix C. Changes to the API. Prev, Appendix C. Changes to the API. Table of Contents. C.1. Changes ...
APIs | OpenEI Community
01 01 Varnish cache server Home Groups Community Central Green Button Applications Developer Utility Rate FRED: FRee Energy Database More Public Groups Private Groups Features Groups Blog posts Content Stream Documents Discussions Polls Q & A Events Notices My stuff Energy blogs 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142234301 Varnish cache server APIs Home Ianjkalin's picture Submitted by Ianjkalin(84) Contributor 23 September, 2012 - 15:52 Datapalooza Announcements APIs Big Data Datapalooza EDI EERE Open Data OpenEI New data has been liberated! Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 31 August, 2012 - 12:54 Visualize energy APIs with a new OpenEI browser APIs Big Data cleanweb data OpenEI OpenEI has created a simple way to see energy APIs available to developers.
OpenEI Community - API
The utility rate The utility rate database version 1 API is now deprecated http://en.openei.org/community/blog/utility-rate-database-version-1-api-now-deprecated There comes a time in every API version's lifecycle when it needs to be deprecated.OpenEI's utility rate database version 1 API has been in use since the inception of the database in 2010. As Illinois State University has taken a commanding lead of the project and its data curation, we have updated the schema and API to version 2 to present a richer spectrum of utility rate data.
Slap Fingerprint Segmentation Evaluation 2004 API ...
API Specification. Overview. The Slap Fingerprint Segmentation Evaluation 2004 will investigate the accuracy of fingerprint ...
QMP: LQCD Message Passing API
Recent changes are: (1) There is no longer a logical node number, only a node number which does not change as the logical machine is define. Thus there are two styles of messaging: messages are sent to a node by node number, or messages are sent to a relative (logical) node. (2) Methods related to node numbers have been changed (some dropped, some added). This note presents: (1) the requirements for message passing within Lattice QCD applications; (2) a draft message API for both C and C++; and (3) implementation design ideas. The API is intended to be sufficiently flexible to be used by all Lattice QCD applications, and execute efficiently on all existing and anticipated platforms, so that there is no need to directly call non-portable message passing routines. Because of the highly regular grid communications with LQCD, MPI calls (which are more general) impose some additional overhead that is predicted to be non-negligible for large machines. Depending upon demand, a subset of MPI could be implemented above this new API so that legacy codes which use MPI could function on the new architectures which implement (only) the new API. Further, the new API has been implemented atop MPI so that new applications using this new API can still be run on older machines for which only MPI is available. Interspersed with the API description are some descriptions for how the API could be implemented for myrinet clusters and the QCDOC machine. These are meant to more fully illustrate the functionality, and are not intended as the final design. At the time of writing, the following implementations exist: (1) QMP-GM -- Uses GM; (2) QMP-MPI -- Uses MPI; tested above MPICH-GM, MPICH-SM (shared memory), and MPICH-P4 (sockets).
Jie Chen; Robert Edwards; William Watson
arXiv.org help - arXiv API
api logo arXiv API This is the home site of the arXiv API. The goal of the API is to allow application developers access to all of the arXiv data, search and linking facilities...
Equivalence between therm and gravity
We introduce the notion of thermal entropy density, and first demonstrated that there exists an equivalence between therm and gravity without depending on the definition of temperature or horizon. This equivalence indicates that gravity possesses thermal features, or, therm possesses effects of gravity. This may shed light on the nature of gravity.
Yang, Rong-Jia
tagging API | OpenEI Community
tagging API Home Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1982) Super contributor 15 February, 2013 - 16:25 Reegle mentions OpenEI in video on new Content Pool API data energy...
US Government APIs | Data.gov
Inquiry API National Institute of Standards and Technology CDA Guideline Validation Tool National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Meteorological Assimilation Data...
Definitions Definitions Definitions Below are a few small business procurement definitions as stated by the Small Business Administration and the Federal Acquisition Regulation. Contact Small Business Office (505) 667-4419 Email Get clarity on common terms (and is your business defined by one?) Small business An independently owned and operated entity Not dominant in the field of operation in which it is bidding on government contracts Meets any applicable criteria concerning number of employees or annual receipts established by the Small Business Administration (SBA). Concerns are "affiliates" when one either controls or has the power to control the other or when a third party (or parties) controls or has the power to control both. North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
Collaboration Topics - Acceleration Hardware and APIs | National...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
and APIs Home > About Us > Our Programs > Defense Programs > Future Science & Technology Programs > Office of Advanced Simulation and Computing Institutional Research &...
A field study of API learning obstacles
Large APIs can be hard to learn, and this can lead to decreased programmer productivity. But what makes APIs hard to learn? We conducted a mixed approach, multi-phased study of the obstacles faced by Microsoft developers learning a wide variety of new ... Keywords: Application programming interfaces, Documentation, Programming, Software libraries
Martin P. Robillard; Robert Deline
API Requirements for Dynamic Graph Prediction
SciTech Connect
Given a large-scale time-evolving multi-modal and multi-relational complex network (a.k.a., a large-scale dynamic semantic graph), we want to implement algorithms that discover patterns of activities on the graph and learn predictive models of those discovered patterns. This document outlines the application programming interface (API) requirements for fast prototyping of feature extraction, learning, and prediction algorithms on large dynamic semantic graphs. Since our algorithms must operate on large-scale dynamic semantic graphs, we have chosen to use the graph API developed in the CASC Complex Networks Project. This API is supported on the back end by a semantic graph database (developed by Scott Kohn and his team). The advantages of using this API are (i) we have full-control of its development and (ii) the current API meets almost all of the requirements outlined in this document.
Gallagher, B; Eliassi-Rad, T
OpenEI Community - tagging API
Reegle mentions Reegle mentions OpenEI in video on new Content Pool API http://en.openei.org/community/blog/reegle-mentions-openei-video-new-content-pool-api Reegle and OpenEI share the vision that easy access to energy information will help drive future developments in clean energy development.api" target="_blank">read more http://en.openei.org/community/blog/reegle-mentions-openei-video-new-content-pool-api#comments data energy OpenEI REEEP REEGLE structured tagging API OpenEI Community
Evaluating APIs: a call for design science research
In a business world characterized by ecosystem-based competition, APIs are key determinants of success. However, there is very little guidance on how organizations should go about making decisions about APIs. API design must account for the needs of ... Keywords: API, kernel theory, modularity, stakeholders, strategy
Bala Iyer; George Wyner
1996 January ................. 13.37 13.78 16.32 17.32 18.36 18.65 W February ............... 14.23 14.73 17.14 18.38 18.10 19.58 W March .................... 15.41 16.74 19.23 19.51 20.27 W 21.05 April ...................... 15.57 17.62 20.70 19.82 21.59 W W May ....................... 14.81 16.32 19.02 18.88 19.91 20.09 20.04 June ...................... 14.93 15.97 18.12 18.22 19.21 18.91 W July ....................... 15.44 16.41 18.79 18.86 20.09 20.29 W August .................. 16.18 17.08 19.81 20.11 21.08 20.29 20.89 September ............ 17.99 19.26 21.64 21.73 22.94 W 21.56 October ................. 18.18 20.18 22.92 22.52 24.46 W 23.70 November ............. 17.80 18.94 21.76 22.02 23.59 23.07 W December ............. 18.07 19.22 22.19 21.93 24.41 24.38 24.99 1996 .........................
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 View History 20.0 or Less 11.72 13.22 14.08 15.13 17.20 16.66 1978-2012 20.1 to 25.0 23.12 23.50 26.11 26.01 27.47 29.77 1978-2012 25.1 to...
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 View History 20.0 or Less 62.00 87.10 54.05 72.40 101.30 102.79 1993-2012 20.1 to 25.0 64.94 91.01 55.66 75.04 103.07 101.56 1993-2012 25.1 to...
of loading, the month of landing, or sometime between those events. Prices for crude oil can be determined at a time other than the acquisition date. See the Explanatory Notes...
Values shown for the current two months are preliminary. Values shown for the second and third months may be revised to account for late submissions and corrections. Final...
-No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: Values shown for the ...
API Gravity, Weighted Average Refinery Crude Oil Input ...
-No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: Totals may not equal ...
East Coast (PADD 1) API Gravity (Weighted Average) of ...
Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; 1980's: 31.18: 31.36: 32.17: 31.24: 31.49: 1990's: 31.03: 31.02: 31.25: ...
1994 January ................. 10.54 10.05 12.65 12.19 14.05 14.85 14.24 February ............... 9.32 9.84 12.05 12.95 13.79 14.15 14.30 March .................... 9.60 10.17 12.46 13.55 13.82 14.04 13.70 April ...................... 10.68 11.51 14.36 14.43 15.22 W 15.21 May ....................... 11.45 12.42 14.99 15.80 16.25 15.69 W June ...................... 11.91 13.58 15.99 16.09 17.08 W 17.47 July ....................... 13.01 14.49 16.88 16.64 17.75 16.96 17.61 August .................. 10.66 13.12 14.83 15.57 16.94 W 17.40 September ............ 11.55 12.22 14.73 15.30 15.93 16.09 16.00 October ................. 11.66 13.14 14.93 15.12 16.57 W 16.10 November ............. 11.93 13.08 14.83 15.41 17.02 17.03 16.73 December ............. 12.46 12.67 14.50 14.94 16.03 15.87 16.78 1994 .........................
1993 January ................. 11.69 12.53 15.50 16.21 17.71 17.57 W February ............... 12.19 13.21 16.75 16.98 18.68 18.67 18.63 March .................... 12.81 13.71 17.11 17.39 18.77 19.71 20.50 April ...................... 12.60 13.90 16.70 16.93 18.84 18.92 W May ....................... 12.22 13.65 16.60 16.49 18.43 18.95 19.50 June ...................... 11.16 12.43 16.00 16.03 17.57 W W July ....................... 10.58 11.85 14.62 15.31 16.71 18.97 17.50 August .................. 11.48 12.09 14.17 15.03 16.64 W 18.55 September ............ 11.81 12.01 14.23 14.49 16.21 16.48 17.04 October ................. 11.17 11.89 14.13 14.93 16.46 16.71 16.61 November ............. 9.61 10.21 13.27 13.92 15.35 16.21 W December ............. 8.93 9.31 11.02 12.03 13.68 14.54 13.55 1993 .........................
1995 January ................. 12.46 13.20 15.27 15.78 16.81 15.82 17.02 February ............... 12.97 13.69 16.13 16.28 17.21 17.12 W March .................... 13.46 14.38 16.14 16.87 17.32 16.88 17.86 April ...................... 15.01 15.89 17.65 17.87 18.72 17.87 18.00 May ....................... 15.17 15.91 17.62 17.44 18.68 18.51 18.85 June ...................... 13.75 14.53 16.30 16.35 17.48 18.04 17.72 July ....................... 12.98 13.20 15.28 15.46 16.18 W 16.48 August .................. 12.71 13.46 15.83 15.48 16.47 W 16.46 September ............ 12.85 13.27 15.90 15.55 16.87 W 17.04 October ................. 11.69 12.42 15.05 15.31 16.52 W 16.66 November ............. 12.76 12.85 15.29 16.09 16.99 16.76 17.83 December ............. 13.86 14.23 16.63 16.08 18.14 17.79 W 1995 .........................
Discrete gravity models and Loop Quantum Gravity: a short review
We review the relation between loop quantum gravity on a fixed graph and discrete models of gravity. We compare Regge and twisted geometries, and discuss discrete actions based on twisted geometries and on the discretization of the Plebanski action. We discuss the role of discrete geometries in the spin foam formalism, with particular attention to the definition of the simplicity constraints.
Dupuis, Maite; Speziale, Simone
Gravity Methods | Open Energy Information
Gravity Methods Gravity Methods Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Gravity Methods Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(3) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Gravity Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Stratigraphic/Structural: Hydrological: Thermal: Dictionary.png Gravity Methods: No definition has been provided for this term. Add a Definition References No exploration activities found. Document # Analysis Type Applicant Geothermal Area Lead Agency District Office Field Office Mineral Manager Surface Manager Development Phase(s) Techniques NVN-084630 CU Vulcan Energy Patua Geothermal Area BLM Nevada State Office BLM Winnemucca District Office BLM Humboldt River Field Office BLM BLM Geothermal/Exploration Gravity Methods
Privacy Protection for Social Networking APIs
Social networking APIs integrate third-party content into the site and give third-party developers access to user data. These open interfaces enable popular site enhancements but pose serious privacy risks by exposing user data to third-party developers. We address the privacy risks associated with social networking APIs by presenting a privacy-by-proxy design for a privacypreserving API that is motivated by an analysis of the data needs and uses of Facebook applications. Our study of 150 popular Facebook applications reveals that nearly all applications could maintain their functionality using a limited interface that only provides access to an anonymized social graph and placeholders for user data. Since the platform host can control the third party applications � output, privacy-by-proxy can be accomplished without major changes to the platform architecture or applications by using new tags and data transformations.
Adrienne Felt; David Evans
ANSI C Cryptographic API Profile for SHA-3 Candidate ...
Page 1. ANSI C Cryptographic API Profile for SHA-3 Candidate Algorithm Submissions Revision 5: February 11, 2008 1. Overview ...
Semantic collaborative tagging for web APIs sharing and reuse
Sharing and reuse of Web APIs for fast development of Web applications require advanced searching facilities to enable Web designers to find the Web APIs they need. In this paper we describe a Web API semantic collaborative tagging system to be implemented ...
Devis Bianchini; Valeria De Antonellis; Michele Melchiori
Google Custom Search API [Google search in your hands
Google Custom Search API [Google search in your hands] Nicholas Weininger www.google.com/cse code.google.com/apis/customsearch #12;Our mission and history Google Custom Search allows anybody to leverage the Google search platform Used extensively within Google (Help Center, Blogger, etc.) #12;What does a Search API mean to us
Chakrabarti, Soumen
Massive Gravity
We review recent progress in massive gravity. We start by showing how different theories of massive gravity emerge from a higher-dimensional theory of general relativity, leading to the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model, cascading gravity and ghost-free massive gravity. We then explore their theoretical and phenomenological consistency, proving the absence of Boulware-Deser ghosts and reviewing the Vainshtein mechanism and the cosmological solutions in these models. Finally we present alternative and related models of massive gravity such as new massive gravity, Lorentz-violating massive gravity and non-local massive gravity.
de Rham, Claudia
Claudia de Rham
OpenEI API listing | OpenEI Community
OpenEI API listing OpenEI API listing Home > Groups > Developer Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 29 June, 2012 - 09:30 developer web services We had an internal OpenEI strategy conversation just this week, and we spoke somewhat indirectly about a list of energy APIs on OpenEI. We have the Energy Hackathon Resource page, but I want to draw energy developers here instead of a plain vanilla page. Wouldn't it be nice to have a list, perhaps a faceted list, of energy APIs, datasets, etc? Well, we might be able to make that happen. I saw http://blog.programmableweb.com/2012/06/24/75-new-apis-adobe-amazon-sendgrid-and-yahoo/, which mentioned the OpenEI listing at http://www.programmableweb.com/api/open-energy-information. Perhaps programmableweb would be a great, updated resource for APIs that we could
Portals 4 network API definition and performance measurement
Portals is a low-level network programming interface for distributed memory massively parallel computing systems designed by Sandia, UNM, and Intel. Portals has been designed to provide high message rates and to provide the flexibility to support a variety of higher-level communication paradigms. This project developed and analyzed an implementation of Portals using shared memory in order to measure and understand the impact of using general-purpose compute cores to handle network protocol processing functions. The goal of this study was to evaluate an approach to high-performance networking software design and hardware support that would enable important DOE modeling and simulation applications to perform well and to provide valuable input to Intel so they can make informed decisions about future network software and hardware products that impact DOE applications.
Brightwell, R. B.
U.S. Percent Total Imported by API Gravity of Crude Gravity 45.1% ...
0.75: W: 0.65: W: W: W: W: W: W: 2013: 0.22: W: W: 0.28: 0.25: W-= No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of ...
U.S. Percent Total Imported by API Gravity of Crude Gravity 20.0 ...
Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; 1970's: 1.26: 1.65: 1980's: 1.70: 2.19: 3.39: 3.91: 6.48: 7.62: 5.54: 4.04: 3.52: 2.55 ...
Macroscopic quantization of gravity
The moon is receding from earth at an average rate of 3.8 cm/yr [6][7][9][12].This anomaly cannot be attributed to the well-known tidal exchange of angular momentum between earth and moon [8]. A secular change in the astronomical unit AU is definitely a concern, it is reportedly increasing by about 15 cm/yr [9][10], in this letter; the concept of macroscopic quantization of gravity is introduced to account for these anomalies on theoretical basis. Interestingly, it was found useful in measuring the speed of gravity! What is more interesting is the fact that this concept is based on solid well known classical physics with no modifications to any standard model. It was found that the speed of gravity cg is in the range 10^4 c < cg < 10^5 c.
M. Y. Amin
APIs for Online Energy Saving Tools: Home Energy Saver and ...
The APIs allow software developers to access the algorithms and underlying data for Home Energy ... Technology Marketing ... links to other energy ana ...
Available Technologies: APIs for Online Energy Saving Tools: Home ...
Berkeley Lab is offering direct access to Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for two popular, proven energy saving online tools: Home Energy Saver and EnergyIQ.
Changes to the API for OOF2 Property Extensions
... OOF: Finite Element Analysis of Microstructures. Changes to the API for OOF2 Property Extensions. This page is still under construction. ...
Energy and Hamiltonian in first order gravity
In this work the definition of a quasilocal energy for four dimensional first order gravity is developed. Using this an action principle which is adequate for the canonical ensemble is obtained. The microcanonical action principle is obtained as well.
Rodrigo Aros
Massive gravity from bimetric gravity
We discuss the subtle relationship between so-called massive gravity (that is, gravity incorporating a non-zero graviton mass) and bimetric gravity, focussing particularly on the manner in which massive gravity may be viewed as a suitable limit of bimetric gravity. The limiting procedure is more delicate than currently appreciated, and in particular, in a cosmological context can lead to an interesting interplay between the "background" and "foreground" metrics. The fact that in bimetric theories one always has two sets of metric equations of motion, one for each metric, continues to have an effect even in the massive gravity limit. Thus, solutions of bimetric gravity in the limit of vanishing kinetic term are also solutions of massive gravity, but the contrary statement is not necessarily true.
Baccetti, Valentina; Visser, Matt
Liouville gravity from Einstein gravity
We show that Liouville gravity arises as the limit of pure Einstein gravity in 2+epsilon dimensions as epsilon goes to zero, provided Newton's constant scales with epsilon. Our procedure - spherical reduction, dualization, limit, dualizing back - passes several consistency tests: geometric properties, interactions with matter and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy are as expected from Einstein gravity.
D. Grumiller; R. Jackiw
Supplementary Materials1 Atmospheric API-CIMS:2
1 Supplementary Materials1 Atmospheric API-CIMS:2 The atmospheric API-CIMS is a downsized version and discriminator/preamplifier. The primary9 difference between this instrument and the earlier CIMS instrument circuit board.22 23 Figure S1: mesoCIMS instrument schematic24 #12;2 DMS gas standards:25 Isotopically
Meskhidze, Nicholas
Using twinning to adapt programs to alternative APIs
We describe twinning and its applications to adapting programs to alternative APIs. Twinning is a simple technique that allows programmers to specify a class of program changes, in the form of a mapping, without modifying the target program ... Keywords: API mapping, source-to-source translation, twinning
Marius Nita; David Notkin
A framework for the static verification of api calls
A number of tools can statically check program code to identify commonly encountered bug patterns. At the same time, programs are increasingly relying on external apis for performing the bulk of their work: the bug-prone program logic is being fleshed-out, ... Keywords: FindBugs, Library, Programming by contract, Static analysis, api
Diomidis Spinellis; Panagiotis Louridas
Utility Rate API v2 | OpenEI Community
Rate API v2 Rate API v2 Home > Groups > Utility Rate Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 11 September, 2012 - 07:35 There are updates coming through the pipe for the utility rate form. When these updates are deployed to production, then will allow ISU and anyone entering utility rates the ability to define and access richer data. This will cause some changes at the API level. Jordan from ISU is currently working on this. In an email, he noted: "I am working on the API and making sure that it will keep version 1 and make a version 2 to represent the new data. I am also working on a way to automatically convert the version 1 data into a format that version 2 can use and a way to make the data entered in the new version available in version 1 of the API. As
OSCARS.wsdl - OSCARS Service definition
wsdl - OSCARS Service definition wsdl - OSCARS Service definition Services Overview ECS Audio/Video Conferencing Fasterdata IPv6 Network Network Performance Tools (perfSONAR) ESnet OID Registry PGP Key Service Virtual Circuits (OSCARS) OSCARS Case Study Documentation User Manual FAQ Design Specifications Functional Specifications Notifications Publications Authorization Policy Default Attributes Message Security Clients For Developers Interfaces Server api Client api WSDL files OSCARS.wsdl - OSCARS Service definition OSCARS.xsd - Types used in service messages OSCARS-Notify.wsdl - OSCARS Notify Broker service defintion nmtopo-ctrlp.xsd - Types used for path specification and topology exchange Links Hardware Requirements DOE Grids Service Transition Contact Us Technical Assistance: 1 800-33-ESnet (Inside the US)
User Guide for EPRI API Test Program, Version 2.02.024
The objective of the EPRI Application Program Interface (API) Test Program is to provide software developers with an example, including source code, for understanding how to develop programs that use the EPRI API. The EPRI API is defined so that application program developers can use a single standard API for interfacing to a wide variety of data sources. The EPRI API encompasses operations for Common Data Access including create, read, update, delete and fine grained notification of data changes.
Einstein Gravity from Conformal Gravity
We show that that four dimensional conformal gravity plus a simple Neumann boundary condition can be used to get the semiclassical (or tree level) wavefunction of the universe of four dimensional asymptotically de-Sitter or Euclidean anti-de Sitter spacetimes. This simple Neumann boundary condition selects the Einstein solution out of the more numerous solutions of conformal gravity. It thus removes the ghosts of conformal gravity from this computation. In the case of a five dimensional pure gravity theory with a positive cosmological constant we show that the late time superhorizon tree level probability measure, $|\\Psi [ g ]|^2$, for its four dimensional spatial slices is given by the action of Euclidean four dimensional conformal gravity.
Juan Maldacena
What is the Vehicle API? | OpenEI Community
What is the Vehicle API? What is the Vehicle API? Home > Groups > Developer The vehicle API does not seem to contain any end point. Is there some documentation about this service? http://osisoftvcampus.cloudapp.net/vehicledata/cardata.svc Submitted by Pelikhan on 15 January, 2013 - 23:11 1 answer Points: 0 Good evening, There are a few different documentation options for this API. Although this question was asked a long time ago, I'd be happy to find an answer as a member of the DOE's Energy Data Initiative. First, may I ask if this relates to the Apps for Vehicles Challenge? If not, you may find a quicker and more technically informed answer here: https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/openxc Ianjkalin on 11 February, 2013 - 20:48 Groups Menu You must login in order to post into this group.
API for browsing available data sources? | Data.gov
API for browsing available data sources? API for browsing available data sources? Safety Data/Tools Apps Challenges Resources Blogs Let's Talk Safety You are here Data.gov » Communities » Safety » Forums API for browsing available data sources? Submitted by G. Hussain Chinoy on Tue, 09/18/2012 - 4:46pm Log in to vote 2 The provided "Data/Tools" tab is a nice human readable view of the data resources on safety.data.gov, but is there an API to view the different data sources by category or any of the other attributes of a data set? Thanks Add new comment Your name Subject Comment * More information about text formats Plain text No HTML tags allowed. Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically. Lines and paragraphs break automatically. CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent
Gravity brake
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A mechanical gravity brake that prevents hoisted loads within a shaft from free-falling when a loss of hoisting force occurs. A loss of hoist lifting force may occur in a number of situations, for example if a hoist cable were to break, the brakes were to fail on a winch, or the hoist mechanism itself were to fail. Under normal hoisting conditions, the gravity brake of the invention is subject to an upward lifting force from the hoist and a downward pulling force from a suspended load. If the lifting force should suddenly cease, the loss of differential forces on the gravity brake in free-fall is translated to extend a set of brakes against the walls of the shaft to stop the free fall descent of the gravity brake and attached load.
Lujan, Richard E. (Santa Fe, NM)
Data.gov Launches New Catalog and APIs | Data.gov
Data.gov Launches New Catalog and APIs Data.gov Launches New Catalog and APIs Submitted by Hyon Kim on Wed, 05222013 - 11:24pm Log in to vote 0 Data.gov is launching two...
V-142: Oracle Java Reflection API Flaw Lets Remote Users Execute...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
2: Oracle Java Reflection API Flaw Lets Remote Users Execute Arbitrary Code V-142: Oracle Java Reflection API Flaw Lets Remote Users Execute Arbitrary Code April 25, 2013 - 12:14am...
to Americans. Developers can find all the government's APIs in one place, with links to API documentation and other resources. Data.gov is also launching a new data catalog on an...
Visualize energy APIs with a new OpenEI browser | OpenEI Community
Visualize energy APIs with a new OpenEI browser Visualize energy APIs with a new OpenEI browser Home > Groups > Developer Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 31 August, 2012 - 12:54 APIs Big Data cleanweb data OpenEI OpenEI has created a simple way to see energy APIs available to developers. See commercial and free energy APIs such as NREL's developer network, Genability, 3TIER, OpenEI APIs and more! Click here to get started. Want to see this energy API data crowd-sourced and updated on OpenEI? Let us know by commenting on this blog entry! Currently, we have a static spreadsheet (available for download at the app) that we are keeping updated manually. Thanks to ProgrammableWeb.com for initial data - as a thanks, we are currently linking to ProgrammableWeb from each API entry so
Google Web APIs - an Instrument for Webometric Analyses?
Introduction The analysis of the Internet and its applications touches upon varied fields of research such as information science, computer science, economics, and psychology. One reason for the growing scientific interest in the Internet is the already high and still growing amount of web users, applications, contents, and web servers worldwide. Despite a variety of different search engines, there is no doubt about the predominance of Google search engine technology today. Among the factors that have added decisively to Google's success are that over a long period of time, Google has offered the largest index, innovative new services and highly optimized performance and usability. This poster introduces Google Web APIs (Google APIs) as an instrument and playground for webometric studies. Several examples of Google APIs implementations are given. Our examples show that this Google Web Service can be used successfully for informetric Internet based studies albeit with some restriction
Philipp Mayr; Fabio Tosques
Energy API and dataset overview | OpenEI Community
Energy API and dataset overview Energy API and dataset overview Home > Groups > Developer Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 26 September, 2012 - 14:36 cleanweb hackathon resource webinar Today, Ian Kalin, a presidential innovation fellow, and the OpenEI team recorded an "energy resource" overview for developers of upcoming hackathon events at SXSW Eco and in New York City. You can find this recorded webinar with recent developer resources (APIs, datasets, content) at the links below. Streaming webinar link: https://mmancusa.webex.com/mmancusa/ldr.php?AT=pb&SP=MC&rID=48240102&rKey=40d5d5d42cbfd4e4 Download webinar link: https://mmancusa.webex.com/mmancusa/lsr.php?AT=dw&SP=MC&rID=48240102&rKey=2b23a089b99927fc Time: 13 minutes If you are an application developer in the energy space, or know one,
Gravity settling
Solids are separated from a liquid in a gravity settler provided with inclined solid intercepting surfaces to intercept the solid settling path to coalesce the solids and increase the settling rate. The intercepting surfaces are inverted V-shaped plates, each formed from first and second downwardly inclined upwardly curved intersecting conical sections having their apices at the vessel wall.
Davis, Hyman R. (Glenridge, NJ); Long, R. H. (Morristown, NJ); Simone, A. A. (Dover, NJ)
Understanding gravity
AdS/CFT correspondence provides a holographic duality between gravitational physics and gauge dynamics. What field theory configurations lend themselves to a good semi-classical description? Relevance: Making precise the nature of the holographic map Understanding the emergence of geometry. What are �legal � singularities in gravity (cosmic censorship)? Insight into new solutions. Motivation Conformal fluids Bulk geometry Horizons & entropy Conclusion
Mukund Rangamani
New findings on leak resistance of API 8-Round connectors
In response to high interest concerning leak resistance in API 8-Round connectors, the API funded projects that have identified and assessed parameters affecting leak. Among these parameters are make-up, diameter, grade, and combined loads. Additional turns during make-up was found to increase leak resistance. Investigations concerning diameter and grade identified larger diameter and higher grade connectors as most susceptible to low leak pressures when compared to pipe body ratings. Finally, combined loads were found to be crucial to leak. Tension lowers the leak resistance of 8-Round connectors in a manner that renders hydrotesting insufficient for defining leak in some service conditions.
Schwind, B.E.; Wooley, G.R.
Is nonrelativistic gravity possible?
We study nonrelativistic gravity using the Hamiltonian formalism. For the dynamics of general relativity (relativistic gravity) the formalism is well known and called the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formalism. We show that if the lapse function is constrained correctly, then nonrelativistic gravity is described by a consistent Hamiltonian system. Surprisingly, nonrelativistic gravity can have solutions identical to relativistic gravity ones. In particular, (anti-)de Sitter black holes of Einstein gravity and IR limit of Horava gravity are locally identical.
Kocharyan, A. A. [School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800 (Australia)
The utility rate database version 1 API is now deprecated | OpenEI
The utility rate database version 1 API is now deprecated The utility rate database version 1 API is now deprecated Home > Groups > Utility Rate Rmckeel's picture Submitted by Rmckeel(297) Contributor 6 September, 2013 - 14:00 API Utility Rates There comes a time in every API version's lifecycle when it needs to be deprecated. OpenEI's utility rate database version 1 API has been in use since the inception of the database in 2010. As Illinois State University has taken a commanding lead of the project and its data curation, we have updated the schema and API to version 2 to present a richer spectrum of utility rate data. A quick history - version 2 data fields came out in early December, 2012. The version 2 API to access this new data was then launched in early May, 2013. Now that it is September, 2013, we are providing a limited,
Intrusive gravity currents
The front speed of intrusive gravity currents. J. FluidP.F. Linden. Intrusive gravity currents. J. Fluid Mechanics,of mesoscale variability of gravity waves. Part II: Frontal,
Hang, Alice Thanh
more restrictive context of Einstein's theory of gravity.6782 TORSION AND QUANTUM GRAVITY Andrevr J, Him son Lawrencetorsion in conventional gravity cou~d in fact be dynamicaL A
Hanson, Andrew J.
Geological model for oil gravity variations in Oriente Basin, Ecuador
The Oriente basin is one of the major productive Subandean basins. Most of the fields produce 29/sup 0/-33/sup 0/ API paraffinic oils, but oils have been discovered with gravities ranging from 10/sup 0/to 35/sup 0/ API. All the oils have been recovered from multiple middle to Late Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs (Hollin and Napo Formations). Wells display a variety of oil gravities by reservoir. The origin of the Oriente oils is problematical and controversial, but structural, geochemical, and well evidence suggest a vast oil kitchen west of the present Andean foothills that was mature for oil generation by at least early Tertiary. Oil analyses indicate a single family of oils is present. Oil gravity variations can be explained systematically in terms of the various alteration processes suffered by the oil in each reservoir. Intermittent early Andean uplift (latest Cretaceous to Mid-Eocene) resulted in biodegradation and water-washing of oils, particularly in the uppermost Napo reservoirs. The main Andean orogeny (Pliocene) uplifted the Hollin reservoir to outcrop in the west, and tilted the basin down to the south. This movement resulted in water washing or flushing of the Hollin aquifer and a phase of northward remigration of oil. Late Andean structures postdated primary oil migration. Almost all structures displaying growth during the Late Cretaceous to early Eocene have been oil bearing, but some, particularly those located on the present-day basin flanks, were later severely biodegraded or breached.
Dashwood, M.F.; Abbotts, I.L.
Definition of heavy oil and natural bitumen
Definition and categorization of heavy oils and natural bitumens are generally based on physical or chemical attributes or on methods of extraction. Ultimately, the hydrocarbon's chemical composition will govern both its physical state and the extraction technique applicable. These oils and bitumens closely resemble the residuum from wholecrude distillation to about 1,000/degree/F; if the residuum constitutes at least 15% of the crude, it is considered to be heavy. In this material is concentrated most of the trace elements, such as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen, and metals, such as nickel and vanadium. A widely used definition separates heavy oil from natural bitumen by viscosity, crude oil being less, and bitumen more viscous than 10,000 cp. Heavy crude then falls in the range 10/degree/-20/degree/ API inclusive and extra-heavy oil less than 10/degree/ API. Most natural bitumen is natural asphalt (tar sands, oil sands) and has been defined as rock containing hydrocarbons more viscous than 10,000 cp or else hydrocarbons that may be extracted from mined or quarried rock. Other natural bitumens are solids, such as gilsonite, grahamite, and ozokerite, which are distinguished by streak, fusibility, and solubility. The upper limit for heavy oil may also be set at 18/degree/ API, the approximate limit for recovery by waterflood.
Meyer, R.F.
3 3 January ......................... - - - - - - February ....................... - - - - - - March ............................ - - - - - - April .............................. - - - - - - May ............................... - - - - - - June .............................. - - - - - - July ............................... - - - - - - August .......................... - - - - - - September .................... - - - - - - October ......................... 11.41 13.52 10.08 15.49 15.49 16.27 November ..................... 10.69 11.99 9.09 14.13 14.33 15.21 December ..................... 8.49 9.84 7.03 12.00 12.01 12.95 1993 ................................. - - - - - - 1994 January ......................... 8.51 10.22 6.70 12.25 12.25 13.35 February
1996 January ......................... 13.80 15.60 12.16 17.04 16.97 17.65 February ....................... 14.16 15.49 12.78 16.84 16.94 17.60 March ............................ 16.32 17.85 14.25 19.10 19.24 19.92 April .............................. 17.84 19.70 16.11 20.89 21.23 22.08 May ............................... 15.22 17.88 15.84 18.93 19.47 20.16 June .............................. 14.46 17.22 14.26 18.16 18.72 19.37 July ............................... 14.77 17.92 14.65 18.97 19.54 20.20 August .......................... 14.97 18.54 15.32 19.82 20.12 20.92 September .................... 16.62 20.40 16.34 21.77 22.04 22.81 October ......................... 17.90 21.45 17.50 22.96 23.11 23.96 November ..................... 17.21 20.14 17.29 21.91 21.86 22.64 December .....................
U.S. API Gravity (Weighted Average) of Crude Oil Input to ...
30.75: 30.28: 30.48: 30.72: 30.74: 30.96: 30.70: 2011: 30.31: 30.77: 30.90: 30.71: 30.89: 30.91: 30.63: 30.63: 30.37: 30.58: 30.63: 30.97: 2012: 31.32: 31.07: 30.86 ...
1997 January ... 19.26 21.50 18.87 23.25 23.40 24.07 February ... 16.63 18.34 17.74 20.36 20.62 21.19 March ......
1996 January ... 4.15 22.60 17.85 28.54 23.19 2.19 1.48 February ... 4.52 22.26 14.69 28.79 24.96 3.51 1.27 March ... 3.79 19.54 19.77...
Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; 1980's: 32.46: 32.33: 32.22: 31.93: 32.14: 1990's: 31.86: 31.64: 31.32: 31.30: 31.39: 31 ...
1996 January ... 13.80 15.60 12.16 17.04 16.97 17.65 February ... 14.16 15.49 12.78 16.84 16.94 17.60 March ......
1993 January ... 4.52 18.16 22.93 28.47 23.99 1.48 0.45 February ... 4.19 18.11 19.48 35.50 17.92 3.57 1.22 March ... 4.98 18.66 20.35...
1997 January ... 4.81 21.56 12.96 34.96 21.61 2.76 1.34 February ... 4.66 22.18 15.45 29.96 24.56 2.33 0.86 March ... 5.24 21.60 12.11...
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 View History 20.0 or Less 56.69 81.25 54.76 69.51 94.66 96.07 1978-2012 20.1 to 25.0 60.14 83.07 54.36 69.72 94.15 94.35 1978-2012 25.1 to...
Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; 1980's: 32.46: 32.33: 32.22: 31.93: 32.14: 1990's: 31.86: 31.64: 31.32: ...
1993 January ................. 4.52 18.16 22.93 28.47 23.99 1.48 0.45 February ............... 4.19 18.11 19.48 35.50 17.92 3.57 1.22 March .................... 4.98 18.66 20.35 28.62 23.43 2.50 1.46 April ...................... 3.87 19.19 18.99 34.21 20.14 2.46 1.14 May ....................... 4.08 17.79 20.20 30.71 22.34 3.43 1.45 June ...................... 5.15 18.63 18.93 32.48 22.10 1.55 1.17 July ....................... 4.29 20.18 22.37 29.86 20.49 1.55 1.26 August .................. 5.99 21.29 18.91 27.30 23.42 1.69 1.40 September ............ 4.67 19.54 18.63 31.51 21.74 1.89 2.02 October ................. 4.78 18.66 16.53 36.43 17.94 3.57 2.10 November ............. 4.39 18.81 19.45 34.22 18.98 3.15 1.00 December ............. 3.46 16.62 14.68 39.78 19.54 4.06 1.87 1993 .........................
1993 January ................. 13.07 13.09 16.23 17.15 18.48 18.48 19.00 February ............... 13.25 13.79 17.04 17.94 19.22 19.49 19.64 March .................... 13.94 14.49 17.56 18.17 19.51 20.41 21.29 April ...................... 13.87 14.73 17.49 18.13 19.55 20.22 20.05 May ....................... 13.43 14.53 17.33 17.45 19.31 20.18 20.64 June ...................... 12.37 13.19 16.62 16.81 18.54 18.94 19.43 July ....................... 11.74 12.66 15.48 16.06 17.61 18.77 18.46 August .................. 12.40 12.86 14.97 15.77 17.37 18.78 18.35 September ............ 12.63 12.67 14.82 15.08 16.97 17.41 17.38 October ................. 12.07 12.67 14.82 15.23 17.12 17.64 17.62 November ............. 10.55 10.98 13.73 14.19 16.27 17.09 14.92 December ............. 9.72 9.91 11.60 12.43 14.37 15.33
1994 January ................. 4.11 23.91 21.31 25.95 19.61 3.91 1.19 February ............... 2.31 22.26 18.45 28.61 22.18 4.36 1.83 March .................... 2.84 19.63 19.11 31.67 23.06 2.25 1.44 April ...................... 3.83 20.65 20.98 31.93 19.27 1.51 1.82 May ....................... 3.29 18.38 17.25 30.44 27.38 2.24 1.03 June ...................... 3.74 19.70 17.26 31.58 25.64 0.80 1.28 July ....................... 4.61 16.73 20.40 29.89 22.48 2.99 2.91 August .................. 3.66 17.89 16.13 31.55 26.68 2.21 1.89 September ............ 3.75 18.25 16.21 33.46 22.93 3.03 2.36 October ................. 4.31 16.62 19.92 31.89 21.57 3.21 2.48 November ............. 4.03 18.13 17.87 30.78 23.73 3.74 1.72 December ............. 5.04 17.60 17.59 30.05 23.92 3.50 2.31 1994 .........................
1996 January ................. 14.41 14.81 17.62 18.12 18.80 19.22 18.47 February ............... 15.29 15.52 17.66 18.86 18.80 20.03 19.74 March .................... 16.57 17.52 19.84 20.30 20.54 21.63 21.48 April ...................... 17.04 18.65 21.71 20.94 22.12 21.86 22.15 May ....................... 15.97 17.39 19.92 19.90 21.01 21.48 21.57 June ...................... 16.10 16.90 19.17 19.20 20.09 20.30 20.63 July ....................... 16.63 17.28 19.70 19.75 20.66 21.02 20.96 August .................. 17.33 18.00 20.52 20.86 21.72 21.54 21.81 September ............ 19.12 19.91 22.55 22.38 23.33 22.93 22.54 October ................. 19.23 20.97 23.32 23.34 24.80 24.73 24.87 November ............. 18.99 19.57 22.43 22.95 24.10 24.61 24.37 December ............. 19.17 19.92 22.96 22.71 24.77
1995 January ................. 13.91 14.06 16.26 16.91 17.27 16.74 17.41 February ............... 14.21 14.62 16.88 17.27 17.84 17.99 17.20 March .................... 14.72 15.31 16.96 17.67 17.94 18.16 18.53 April ...................... 15.94 16.74 18.43 18.72 19.05 18.83 18.93 May ....................... 16.20 16.75 18.26 18.12 19.28 19.21 19.08 June ...................... 14.78 15.44 17.03 17.20 18.59 18.51 18.82 July ....................... 13.96 14.10 15.97 16.41 17.16 17.30 17.81 August .................. 13.70 14.30 16.38 16.36 17.32 16.95 16.55 September ............ 14.04 14.20 16.49 16.65 17.55 18.60 18.02 October ................. 12.88 13.40 15.78 16.24 17.30 17.78 17.46 November ............. 13.56 13.74 16.13 17.01 17.54 17.53 18.21 December ............. 14.80 15.03 17.13 17.15 18.69
1997 January ......................... 19.26 21.50 18.87 23.25 23.40 24.07 February ....................... 16.63 18.34 17.74 20.36 20.62 21.19 March ............................ 15.75 16.90 16.11 18.64 19.23 19.65 April .............................. 14.50 15.70 14.72 17.42 18.10 18.62 May ............................... 15.41 16.33 14.48 18.35 18.81 19.64 June .............................. 14.16 14.71 13.74 16.87 17.13 17.81 July ............................... 13.85 15.15 13.00 17.23 17.39 18.14 August .......................... 14.86 15.50 12.97 17.54 17.68 18.36 September .................... 15.07 15.36 14.14 17.50 17.58 18.22 October ......................... 16.47 16.79 14.56 18.97 19.11 19.73 November ..................... 15.08 15.21 14.57 18.02 17.98 18.71 December .....................
1996 January ................. 4.15 22.60 17.85 28.54 23.19 2.19 1.48 February ............... 4.52 22.26 14.69 28.79 24.96 3.51 1.27 March .................... 3.79 19.54 19.77 31.45 22.75 1.17 1.54 April ...................... 4.56 20.86 13.84 31.67 26.91 0.96 1.20 May ....................... 4.51 18.61 15.86 32.04 24.32 3.00 1.66 June ...................... 4.29 20.45 15.33 34.01 22.65 2.29 0.98 July ....................... 6.17 18.84 13.25 33.93 24.75 2.16 0.90 August .................. 5.23 19.66 12.44 35.69 22.73 2.57 1.69 September ............ 3.99 21.90 13.26 36.65 21.75 0.65 1.80 October ................. 3.92 22.24 15.65 30.63 23.84 1.09 2.62 November ............. 5.03 22.49 13.65 31.88 23.91 2.24 0.80 December ............. 4.63 21.77 11.45 38.24 20.65 1.68 1.59 1996 .........................
Newtonian gravity in loop quantum gravity
We apply a recent argument of Verlinde to loop quantum gravity, to conclude that Newton's law of gravity emerges in an appropriate limit and setting. This is possible because the relationship between area and entropy is realized in loop quantum gravity when boundaries are imposed on a quantum spacetime.
Smolin, Lee
Quantum Geometry and Quantum Gravity
The purpose of this contribution is to give an introduction to quantum geometry and loop quantum gravity for a wide audience of both physicists and mathematicians. From a physical point of view the emphasis will be on conceptual issues concerning the relationship of the formalism with other more traditional approaches inspired in the treatment of the fundamental interactions in the standard model. Mathematically I will pay special attention to functional analytic issues, the construction of the relevant Hilbert spaces and the definition and properties of geometric operators: areas and volumes.
J. Fernando Barbero G.
Department of Energy Implements APIs in the Cloud | Data.gov
station data for biodiesel, natural gas, propane, electric, hydrogen and ethanol. The DOE Green Energy API, offering data from research and development conducted by the Energy...
arXiv.org help - arXiv API User's Manual
these new parameters looks like: http:export.arxiv.orgapiquery?searchqueryti:"electron thermal conductivity"&sortBylastUpdatedDate&sortOrderascending 3.2. The API...
Production of API HIC Steels for Sour Service Oil and Gas ...
Presentation Title, Production of API HIC Steels for Sour Service Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines. Author(s), Douglas Stalheim. On-Site Speaker (Planned)
Chiral gravity, log gravity, and extremal CFT
We show that the linearization of all exact solutions of classical chiral gravity around the AdS{sub 3} vacuum have positive energy. Nonchiral and negative-energy solutions of the linearized equations are infrared divergent at second order, and so are removed from the spectrum. In other words, chirality is confined and the equations of motion have linearization instabilities. We prove that the only stationary, axially symmetric solutions of chiral gravity are BTZ black holes, which have positive energy. It is further shown that classical log gravity--the theory with logarithmically relaxed boundary conditions--has finite asymptotic symmetry generators but is not chiral and hence may be dual at the quantum level to a logarithmic conformal field theories (CFT). Moreover we show that log gravity contains chiral gravity within it as a decoupled charge superselection sector. We formally evaluate the Euclidean sum over geometries of chiral gravity and show that it gives precisely the holomorphic extremal CFT partition function. The modular invariance and integrality of the expansion coefficients of this partition function are consistent with the existence of an exact quantum theory of chiral gravity. We argue that the problem of quantizing chiral gravity is the holographic dual of the problem of constructing an extremal CFT, while quantizing log gravity is dual to the problem of constructing a logarithmic extremal CFT.
Maloney, Alexander [Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8 (Canada); Song Wei [Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (China); Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature Jefferson Physical Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States); Strominger, Andrew [Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature Jefferson Physical Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States)
Chiral Gravity, Log Gravity and Extremal CFT
We show that the linearization of all exact solutions of classical chiral gravity around the AdS3 vacuum have positive energy. Non-chiral and negative-energy solutions of the linearized equations are infrared divergent at second order, and so are removed from the spectrum. In other words, chirality is confined and the equations of motion have linearization instabilities. We prove that the only stationary, axially symmetric solutions of chiral gravity are BTZ black holes, which have positive energy. It is further shown that classical log gravity-- the theory with logarithmically relaxed boundary conditions --has finite asymptotic symmetry generators but is not chiral and hence may be dual at the quantum level to a logarithmic CFT. Moreover we show that log gravity contains chiral gravity within it as a decoupled charge superselection sector. We normally evaluate the Euclidean sum over geometries of chiral gravity and show that it gives precisely the holomorphic extremal CFT partition function. The modular invariance and integrality of the expansion coefficients of this partition function are consistent with the existence of an exact quantum theory of chiral gravity. We argue that the problem of quantizing chiral gravity is the holographic dual of the problem of constructing an extremal CFT, while quantizing log gravity is dual to the problem of constructing a logarithmic extremal CFT.
Alexander Maloney; Wei Song; Andrew Strominger
Development and application of a heuristic to assess trends in API documentation
Computer technology has made amazing advances in the past few decades; however, the software documentation of today still looks strikingly similar to the software documentation used 30 years ago. If this continues into the 21st century, more and more ... Keywords: API, API reference documentation, application programming interface, software documentation, software libraries
Robert B. Watson
Data Management in the GridRPC GridRPC Data Management API
Data Management in the GridRPC Issues Conclusion GridRPC Data Management API Implementations, Le Mahec, Nakada GridRPC DM API: Implem. and Interop. Issues (1/13) #12;Data Management in the GridRPC Issues Conclusion Goal GridRPC DM types: Reminder 1 Data Management in the GridRPC Goal GridRPC DM types
Caniou, Yves
Towards noncommutative gravity
In this short article accessible for non-experts I discuss possible ways of constructing a non-commutative gravity paying special attention to possibilities of realizing the full diffeomorphism symmetry and to relations with 2D gravities.
D. V. Vassilevich
Heigth and Gravity
Heigth and Gravity Name: Evan Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Does gravity effect a person's height? How does it? Would people with back problems benefit from time...
V-142: Oracle Java Reflection API Flaw Lets Remote Users Execute Arbitrary
2: Oracle Java Reflection API Flaw Lets Remote Users Execute 2: Oracle Java Reflection API Flaw Lets Remote Users Execute Arbitrary Code V-142: Oracle Java Reflection API Flaw Lets Remote Users Execute Arbitrary Code April 25, 2013 - 12:14am Addthis PROBLEM: Oracle Java Reflection API Flaw Lets Remote Users Execute Arbitrary Code PLATFORM: Version(s): 7 Update 21; possibly other versions (1.7.0_21-b11) Java Server JRE is also affected. ABSTRACT: A vulnerability was reported in Oracle Java. REFERENCE LINKS: SecurityTracker Alert ID: 1028466 Oracle IMPACT ASSESSMENT: Medium DISCUSSION: A remote user can create a specially crafted Java application that, when loaded and approved by the target user, will trigger a flaw in the Reflection API to bypass the security sandbox. IMPACT: A remote user can create a Java file that, when loaded by the target user,
Department of Energy Implements APIs in the Cloud | Department of Energy
Department of Energy Implements APIs in the Cloud Department of Energy Implements APIs in the Cloud Department of Energy Implements APIs in the Cloud November 9, 2012 - 2:43pm Addthis As part of the Digital Strategy, the Department of Energy is making more high-value data sets available through Application Program Interfaces (APIs) - helping programmers develop new opportunities, services and products for citizens. Additionally, these data sets and APIs are now housed on cloud-based servers, helping us to provide easy, scalable access to the public. Moving our data sets to the cloud builds on the important steps the Energy Department has taken to advance cost-effective, secure cloud-hosted infrastructure solutions. For example, we have also moved our Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to the cloud to streamline operations. We are also
Performance Tools and APIs on BG/P Systems | Argonne Leadership Computing
Performance Tools and APIs Performance Tools and APIs Tuning and Analysis Utilities (TAU) Rice HPC Toolkit IBM HPCT Mpip gprof Profiling Tools Darshan PAPI High Level UPC API Low Level UPC API UPC Hardware BG/P dgemm Performance Tuning MPI on BGP Performance FAQs IBM References Software and Libraries Tukey Eureka / Gadzooks Policies Documentation Feedback Please provide feedback to help guide us as we continue to build documentation for our new computing resource. [Feedback Form] Performance Tools and APIs on BG/P Systems MPI and OpenMP Options Tuning MPI on BGP Performance Tools Tuning and Analysis Utilities (TAU) - Instruments applications and gathers information on timings, MPI activity, and hardware performance counter events Rice HPCToolkit- Performs sample based profiling of applications and
Utility Rates API Version 2 is Live! | OpenEI Community
Utility Rates API Version 2 is Live! Utility Rates API Version 2 is Live! Home > Groups > Utility Rate Sfomail's picture Submitted by Sfomail(48) Member 17 May, 2013 - 11:14 API developer OpenEI update utility Utility Companies utility rate Utility Rates version 1 version 2 version 3 web service Smart meter After several months of development and testing, the next generation web service for the utility rate database is finally here! I encourage you to check out the V2 Utility Rates API at http://en.openei.org/services/doc/rest/util_rates The new API includes support for the latest V2 Utility Rates input fields (including tiered time-of-use rates, tiered demand charges, new category for lighting, and many more improvements). Just a reminder that you can view (And contribute!) rate database entries
Motion in Quantum Gravity
We tackle the question of motion in Quantum Gravity: what does motion mean at the Planck scale? Although we are still far from a complete answer we consider here a toy model in which the problem can be formulated and resolved precisely. The setting of the toy model is three dimensional Euclidean gravity. Before studying the model in detail, we argue that Loop Quantum Gravity may provide a very useful approach when discussing the question of motion in Quantum Gravity.
Karim Noui
Stephen Hawking Quantum Gravity
Stephen Hawking and Quantum Gravity Matt Visser Physics Department Washington University Saint Louis USA Science Saturdays 4 Nov 2000 #12; Stephen Hawking and Quantum Gravity Abstract: Through research, Stephen Hawking has captured a place in the popular imagina- tion. Quantum gravity in its various
Visser, Matt
Quantum Physics Einstein's Gravity
Quantum Physics confronts Einstein's Gravity Matt Visser Physics Department Washington University Saint Louis USA Science Saturdays 13 October 2001 #12; Quantum Physics confronts Einstein's Gravity and with Einstein's theory of gravity (the general relativity) is still the single biggest theoretical problem
Ultraviolet Complete Quantum Gravity
An ultraviolet complete (UV) quantum gravity theory is formulated in which vertex functions in Feynman graphs are entire functions and the propagating gravitons are described by local, causal propagators. A scalar-tensor action describes classical gravity theory. The cosmological constant problem is investigated in the context of the UV complete quantum gravity.
Moffat, J W
Quantization of Emergent Gravity
Emergent gravity is based on a novel form of the equivalence principle known as the Darboux theorem or the Moser lemma in symplectic geometry stating that the electromagnetic force can always be eliminated by a local coordinate transformation as far as spacetime admits a symplectic structure, in other words, a microscopic spacetime becomes noncommutative (NC). If gravity emerges from U(1) gauge theory on NC spacetime, this picture of emergent gravity suggests a completely new quantization scheme where quantum gravity is defined by quantizing spacetime itself, leading to a dynamical NC spacetime. Therefore the quantization of emergent gravity is radically different from the conventional approach trying to quantize a phase space of metric fields. This approach for quantum gravity allows a background independent formulation where spacetime as well as matter fields is equally emergent from a universal vacuum of quantum gravity.
Hyun Seok Yang
The Universe Adventure - Gravity
Gravity: The Main Attraction Gravity: The Main Attraction Gravity Acts on All Matter Gravity's effect is apparent even at the largest scales: just as gravity keeps the Earth orbiting the sun, it holds these two irregular galaxies M32 and M110 in orbit around the larger Andromeda galaxy. In the late 1600s, the English mathematician Sir Isaac Newton gave the first scientific description of gravitation. Gravity is an attractive force existing between any two objects that have mass, causing them to accelerate towards each other. It is the weakest of the four fundamental forces but can act over great distances and is responsible for the formation of planets, stars, galaxies, and even larger scale structures such as groups and superclusters. Gravity is also the force that governs the motion of
Control Center Application Program Interface (CCAPI) Project: API Standard Proposal Requirements for Generic Interface Definition (GID)
The Control Center Application Program Interface (CCAPI) Task Force is charged with producing design criteria for international energy management system (EMS) standards. Their aim is to integrate independently developed EMS applications. The resulting standards will provide utilities with competitive choices in the design of their control systems, while offering less expensive applications to meet the needs of the rapidly changing electric power industry. The initial Task Force deliverable was the Common...
Category:Gravity Techniques | Open Energy Information
Techniques page? For detailed information on Gravity Techniques, click here. Category:Gravity Techniques Add.png Add a new Gravity Techniques Technique Pages in category "Gravity...
Using the Google Visualisation API with R: googleVis-0.2.4 Package Vignette
Markus Gesmann; Diego De Castillo
Thermodynamics in Modified Gravity Theories
We demonstrate that there does exist an equilibrium description of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon in the expanding cosmological background for a wide class of modified gravity theories with the Lagrangian density $f(R, \\phi, X)$, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $X$ is the kinetic energy of a scalar field $\\phi$. This comes from a suitable definition of an energy momentum tensor of the "dark" component obeying the local energy conservation law in the Jordan frame. It is shown that the equilibrium description in terms of the horizon entropy $S$ is convenient because it takes into account the contribution of the horizon entropy $\\hat{S}$ in non-equilibrium thermodynamics as well as an entropy production term.
Kazuharu Bamba; Chao-Qiang Geng; Shinji Tsujikawa
Lectures on loop gravity
This is the first version of the introductory lectures on loop quantum gravity that I will give at the quantum gravity school in Zakopane. The theory is presented in self-contained form, without emphasis on its derivation from classical general relativity. Dynamics is given in the covariant form. The approximations needed to compute physical quantities are discussed. Some applications are described, including the recent derivation of de Sitter cosmology from full quantum gravity.
Rovelli, Carlo
Dark gravity and cosmology
The previous version of this article was a first attempt to confront the Dark Gravity theory to cosmological data. However, more recent developments lead to the conclusion that the cosmological principle is probably not valid in Dark Gravity so that this kind of analysis is at best very premature. A more recent and living review of the Dark Gravity theory can be found in gr-qc/0610079
F. Henry-Couannier; A. Tilquin; C. Tao; A. Ealet
Is Gravity an Interaction?
We consider a possibility that gravity is not an interaction but a manifestation of a symmetry based on a Galois field.
Felix M. Lev
Gold Standard Gravity ?�
This paper provides striking confirmation of the restrictions of the structural gravity model of trade. Structural forces predicted by theory explain 95 % of the variation of the fixed effects used to control for them in the recent gravity literature, fixed effects that in principle could reflect other forces. This validation opens avenues to inferring unobserved sectoral activity and multilateral resistance variables by equating fixed effects with structural gravity counterparts. Our findings also provide important validation of a host of general equilibrium comparative static exercises based on the structural gravity model.
James E. Anderson; Yoto V. Yotov; Dave Donaldson; Keith Head; Michael Waugh; We Arthur Lewbel
Using Resistance Heating to Create Full-Scale API RP2Z CTOD ...
Abstract Scope, API RP2Z testing is used by the oil and gas industry to qualify steel ... Additionally, the current RP2Z welding procedure may not lead to uniform �...
Where can I find APIs and other resources for developers competing at
Where can I find APIs and other resources for developers competing at Where can I find APIs and other resources for developers competing at Cleanweb hackathons? Home > Groups > Developer Submitted by Rmckeel on 25 June, 2012 - 07:23 1 answer Points: 0 There are a few that I know of: http://en.openei.org/wiki/Help:Energy_Hackathon_Resources is the list on OpenEI (please add/edit the page if you want!) Also check out http://cleanweb.co/apis and http://cleanweb.co/datasets for APIs and datasets developers can use! Rmckeel on 25 June, 2012 - 07:24 Groups Menu You must login in order to post into this group. Recent content Thank you Jon, I know about th... Hi Yury-Thank you for your i... source code for OpenEI extensions Timo,My apologies for the ... Browse by region (RaphaelSVGMap) more Group members (19) Managers: Rmckeel Recent members:
The beam commissioning software framework of NSLS-II project adopts a client/server based architecture to replace the more traditional monolithic high level application approach. It is an open structure platform, and we try to provide a narrow API set for client application. With this narrow API, existing applications developed in different language under different architecture could be ported to our platform with small modification. This paper describes system infrastructure design, client API and system integration, and latest progress. As a new 3rd generation synchrotron light source with ultra low emittance, there are new requirements and challenges to control and manipulate the beam. A use case study and a theoretical analysis have been performed to clarify requirements and challenges to the high level applications (HLA) software environment. To satisfy those requirements and challenges, adequate system architecture of the software framework is critical for beam commissioning, study and operation. The existing traditional approaches are self-consistent, and monolithic. Some of them have adopted a concept of middle layer to separate low level hardware processing from numerical algorithm computing, physics modelling, data manipulating, plotting, and error handling. However, none of the existing approaches can satisfy the requirement. A new design has been proposed by introducing service oriented architecture technology. The HLA is combination of tools for accelerator physicists and operators, which is same as traditional approach. In NSLS-II, they include monitoring applications and control routines. Scripting environment is very important for the later part of HLA and both parts are designed based on a common set of APIs. Physicists and operators are users of these APIs, while control system engineers and a few accelerator physicists are the developers of these APIs. With our Client/Server mode based approach, we leave how to retrieve information to the developers of APIs and how to use them to form a physics application to the users. For example, how the channels are related to magnet and what the current real-time setting of a magnet is in physics unit are the internals of APIs. Measuring chromaticities are the users of APIs. All the users of APIs are working with magnet and instrument names in a physics unit. The low level communications in current or voltage unit are minimized. In this paper, we discussed our recent progress of our infrastructure development, and client API.
Shen, G.; Yang; L.; Shroff; K.
Quantum gravity on the lattice
the Conference Quantum Gravity: Challenges and Perspectives.divergences in quantum gravity. In: Hawking, S.W. , Israel,f ) V n?1 ( f ) = Quantum gravity on the lattice Similarly,
Hamber, Herbert W.
Lattice Definitions
Orbit Stability Up: APS Storage Ring Parameters Previous: Main Parameters Lattice Definitions APS storage ring lattice consists of 40 almost identical sectors. Each sector contains...
Priority Definitions:
Definitions: Critical - Operation-hindering issue impacting more than 1 person Examples: Application unavailability, network printer issue when no comparable printer is in same...
Particle Dynamics And Emergent Gravity
The emergent gravity proposal is examined within the framework of noncommutative QED/gravity correspondence from particle dynamics point of view.
Amir H. Fatollahi
Gauge/Gravity Duality (Gauge Gravity Duality)
Gauge theories, which describe the particle interactions, are well understood, while quantum gravity leads to many puzzles. Remarkably, in recent years we have learned that these are actually dual, the same system written in different variables. On the one hand, this provides our most precise description of quantum gravity, resolves some long-standing paradoxes, and points to new principles. On the other, it gives a new perspective on strong interactions, with surprising connections to other areas of physics. I describe these ideas, and discuss current and future directions.
Polchinski, Joseph (Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics)
SIP APIs for Voice and Video Communications on the Web
Existing standard protocols for the web and Internet telephony fail to deliver real-time interactive communication from within a web browser. In particular, the client-server web protocol over reliable TCP is not always suitable for end-to-end low latency media path needed for interactive voice and video communication. To solve this, we compare the available platform options using the existing technologies such as modifying the web programming language and protocol, using an existing web browser plugin, and a separate host resident application that the web browser can talk to. We argue that using a separate application as an adaptor is a promising short term as well as long-term strategy for voice and video communications on the web. Our project aims at developing the open technology and sample implementations for web-based real-time voice and video communication applications. We describe the architecture of our project including (1) a RESTful web communication API over HTTP inspired by SIP message flows, (2)...
Davids, Carol; Singh, Kundan; Sinnreich, Henry; Wimmreuter, Wilhelm
Modified Gravity via Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
We construct effective field theories in which gravity is modified via spontaneous breaking of local Lorentz invariance. This is a gravitational analogue of the Higgs mechanism. These theories possess additional graviton modes and modified dispersion relations. They are manifestly well-behaved in the UV and free of discontinuities of the van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov type, ensuring compatibility with standard tests of gravity. They may have important phenomenological effects on large distance scales, offering an alternative to dark energy. For the case in which the symmetry is broken by a vector field with the wrong sign mass term, we identify four massless graviton modes (all with positive-definite norm for a suitable choice of a parameter) and show the absence of the discontinuity.
B. M. Gripaios
Probability around the Quantum Gravity. Part 1: Planar Pure Gravity
Probability around the Quantum Gravity. Part 1: Planar Pure Gravity V.A.Malyshev \\Lambda September 17, 1998 Abstract In this paper we study stochastic dynamics which leaves quantum gravity equilibrium science and biology. At the same time the paper can serve an intro duction to quantum gravity
Bringing Together Gravity and the Quanta
Due to its underlying gauge structure, teleparallel gravity achieves a separation between inertial and gravitational effects. It can, in consequence, describe the isolated gravitational interaction without resorting to the equivalence principle, and is able to provide a tensorial definition for the energy-momentum density of the gravitational field. Considering the conceptual conflict between the local equivalence principle and the nonlocal uncertainty principle, the replacement of general relativity by its teleparallel equivalent can be considered an important step towards a prospective reconciliation between gravitation and quantum mechanics.
R. Aldrovandi; L. C. T. Guillen; J. G. Pereira; K. H. Vu
Quantum Gravity An introductory survey
Quantum Gravity An introductory survey Hermann Nicolai Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Gravitationsphysik (AlbertEinsteinInstitut, Potsdam) . p.1/25 #12;Why Quantum Gravity? . p.2/25 #12;Why Quantum Gravity theories: . p.2/25 #12;Why Quantum Gravity? General Relativity and Quantum Theory: not only very
Rossak, Wilhelm R.
Toroidal solutions in Horava Gravity
Recently a new four-dimensional non relativistic renormalizable theory of gravity was proposed by Horava. This gravity reduces to Einstein gravity at large distances. In this paper by using the new action for gravity we present different toroidal solutions to the equations of motion. Our solutions describe the near horizon geometry with slow rotating parameter.
Ahmad Ghodsi
Gravity and the quantum potential
We review some material connecting gravity and the quantum potential and provide a few new observations.
Robert Carroll
Gravity in Gauge Mediation
We investigate O'Raifeartaigh-type models for F-term supersymmetry breaking in gauge mediation scenarios in the presence of gravity. It is pointed out that the vacuum structure of those models is such that in metastable vacua gravity mediation contribution to scalar masses is always suppressed to the level below 1 percent, almost sufficient for avoiding FCNC problem. Close to that limit, gravitino mass can be in the range 10-100 GeV, opening several interesting possibilities for gauge mediation models, including Giudice-Masiero mechanism for mu and Bmu generation. Gravity sector can include stabilized moduli.
Zygmunt Lalak; Stefan Pokorski; Krzysztof Turzynski
Gravity Waves from Thunderstorms
Gravity waves generated by severe thunderstorms in the eastern Ohio-Pennsylvania area were recorded by an array of microbarovariographs at Palisades, New York and by standard microbarographs across northeastern United States. The waves were ...
Nambath K. Balachandran
Why gravity is fundamental
It is argued that the existence of a minimum size of spacetime may imply the fundamental existence of gravity as a geometric property of spacetime described by general relativity.
Shan Gao
Causal Newton Gravity Law
The equations of the relativistic causal Newton gravity law for the planets of the solar system are studied in the approximation when the Sun rests at the coordinates origin and the planets do not iteract between each other.
Yury M. Zinoviev
Exercise in artificial gravity
Artificial gravity provided by short radius centrifugation is considered a promising countermeasure to the deleterious physiological effects of microgravity during long-duration space flight. We investigated the feasibility ...
Edmonds, Jessica Leigh
Dog Center of Gravity
Dog Center of Gravity Name: Dania Status: Student Grade: 9-12 Location: AZ Country: USA Date: NA Question: Currently in physics we are working with projectile motion. I am...
Gao, Sheldon
Mechanical Characteristics of Submerged Arc Weldment in API Gas Pipeline Steel of Grade X65
The mechanical properties of submerged arc weldment (SAW) in gas transportation pipeline steel of grade API X65 (65 ksi yield strength) were investigated. This steel is produced by thermo mechanical control rolled (TMC), and is largely used in Iran gas piping systems and networks. The results from laboratory study on three different regions; i.e. base metal (BM), fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) were used to compare weldment mechanical characteristics with those specified by API 5L (revision 2004) standard code. Different laboratory experiments were conducted on test specimens taken from 48 inch outside diameter and 14.3 mm wall thickness gas pipeline. The test results showed a gradient of microstructure and Vickers hardness data from the centerline of FZ towards the unaffected MB. Similarly, lower Charpy absorbed energy (compared to BM) was observed in the FZ impact specimens. Despite this, the API specifications were fulfilled in three tested zones, ensuring pipeline structural integrity under working conditions.
Hashemi, S. H. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, POBOX 97175-376, Birjand (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mohammadyani, D. [Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) POBOX 14155-4777, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Gravity-driven intrusions in stratified fluids
5.5.1 Five interleaving interfacial gravity currents 5.5.2Ten interleaving interfacial gravity currents . 5.6partial- depth intrusive gravity currents,� Atmosphere -
Maurer, Benjamin Dudley
Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Refinery Crude Oil Input Qualities
Area: Period: Download Series History: Definitions, Sources & Notes: Show Data ... 1.51: 1.52: 1.54: 1.48: 1985-2013: API Gravity, Weighted Average (Degrees) 29.73 ...
PAD District 4 Refinery Crude Oil Input Qualities
Area: Period: Download Series History: Definitions, Sources & Notes: Show Data ... 1.51: 1.43: 1.33: 1.37: 1.41: 1.38: 1985-2013: API Gravity, Weighted Average ...
Exploring Gravity and Gravitational Wave Dynamics Part II: Gravity Models
The need for a new gravity model may explain anomalous behavior exhibited by several recent experiments described in Part I. Although Newtonian gravity is adequate for predicting the motion of celestial bodies
P. A. Murad
On the no-gravity limit of gravity
We argue that Relative Locality may arise in the no gravity $G\\rightarrow0$ limit of gravity. In this limit gravity becomes a topological field theory of the BF type that, after coupling to particles, may effectively deform its dynamics. We briefly discuss another no gravity limit with a self dual ground state as well as the topological ultra strong $G\\rightarrow\\infty$ one.
Kowalski-Glikman, J
Euler Chern Simons Gravity from Lovelock Born Infeld Gravity
In the context of a gauge theoretical formulation, higher dimensional gravity invariant under the AdS group is dimensionally reduced to Euler-Chern-Simons gravity. The dimensional reduction procedure of Grignani-Nardelli [Phys. Lett. B 300, 38 (1993)] is generalized so as to permit reducing D-dimensional Lanczos Lovelock gravity to d=D-1 dimensions.
Fernando Izaurieta; Eduardo Rodriguez; Patricio Salgado
C. : Fields on a random lattice. In: Progress in Gauge Field= Quantum gravity on the lattice Similarly, one can considerQuantum gravity on the lattice Herbert W. Hamber Received:
Sodium Nightglow and Gravity Waves
Oscillations in intensity of NaD nightglow attributed to mesospheric gravity waves have bean studied. Fractional atmospheric density perturbations have been obtained by means of the linear gravity waves theory of Hines. Values of other parameters ...
A. Molina
Gravity wraps Higgs boson
It is shown that, by rescaling the matter fields and metric tensor with appropriate powers of the Higgs field, the Higgs boson can be wholly transferred from material sector to the gravity sector in which it possesses only gravitational interactions and escapes detection in collider experiments. The Higgs boson gets buried in a scalar-tensor theory of gravity wherein it might be of relevance for Dark Energy. It is absent from the electroweak spectrum yet leptons, quarks and vector bosons possess their already known properties. The Higgs boson can contact with the matter sector via only the higher-dimensional operators suppressed by a cutoff scale.
Demir, Durmus A
Systems Integration at Kansas City Power and Light Using API and ICCP
Application Program Interfaces (API) and the Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol (ICCP) offer tools for integrating utility information systems. This report documents the efforts of Kansas Power & Light (KCPL) to integrate several of its operations systems, including its energy management system (EMS) and distribution management system.
Determining the Remaining Strength of Pitting Corrosion in Corroded Pipelines with API579 Criterion
Because the long-distance oil and gas pipelines have buried underground in a long term, there is corrosion on the inside and outside surfaces of pipeline, which can cause serious hole leaking accident, and bring the huge economic losses. In order to ... Keywords: API579 criterion, remaining strength, pipeline corrosion, pitting corrosion, evaluation system
Song-wei Gao; Bo Gao; Li-jian Yang
Tagged Neutron Source for API Inspection Systems with Greatly Enhanced Spatial Resolution
We recently developed induced fission and transmission imaging methods with time- and directionally-tagged neutrons offer new capabilities for characterization of fissile material configurations and enhanced detection of special nuclear materials (SNM). An Advanced Associated Particle Imaging (API) generator with higher angular resolution and neutron yield than existing systems is needed to fully exploit these methods.
ACME algorithms for contact in a multiphysics environment API version 2.2.
An effort is underway at Sandia National Laboratories to develop a library of algorithms to search for potential interactions between surfaces represented by analytic and discretized topological entities. This effort is also developing algorithms to determine forces due to these interactions for transient dynamics applications. This document describes the Application Programming Interface (API) for the ACME (Algorithms for Contact in a Multiphysics Environment) library.
Heinstein, Martin Wilhelm; Glass, Micheal W.; Gullerud, Arne S.; Brown, Kevin H.; Voth, Thomas Eugene; Jones, Reese E.
Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity
The questions I have been asked during the 5th International School on Field Theory and Gravitation, have compelled me to give an account of the premises that I consider important for a beginner's approach to Loop Quantum Gravity. After a description of some general arguments and an introduction to the canonical theory of gravity, I review the background independent approach to quantum gravity, giving only a brief survey of Loop Quantum Gravity.
Mercuri, Simone
Gravity's weight on worldline fuzziness
We investigate a connection between recent results in 3D quantum gravity, providing an effective noncommutative-spacetime description, and some earlier heuristic descriptions of a quantum-gravity contribution to the fuzziness of the worldlines of particles. We show that 3D-gravity-inspired spacetime noncommutativity reflects some of the features suggested by previous heuristic arguments. Most notably, gravity-induced worldline fuzziness, while irrelevantly small on terrestrial scales, could be observably large for propagation of particles over cosmological distances.
Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni; Rosati, Giacomo
Simone Mercuri
Massive gravity on a brane
Dam, Veltman and Zakharov [13], implies that the tensor structure of the gravitational interaction deviates from that of Einstein gravity.
Chacko, Z.; Graesser, M.L.; Grojean, C.; Pilo, L.
New probe of modified gravity
We suggest a new efficient way to constrain a certain class of large scale modifications of gravity. We show that the scale-free relation between density and size of Dark Matter halos, predicted within the LambdaCDM model with Newtonian gravity, gets modified in a wide class of theories of modified gravity.
Boyarsky, Alexey
D-Dimensional Log Gravity
We study Einstein gravity in dimensions $D\\geq 4$ modified by curvature squared at critical point where the theory contains only massless gravitons. We show that at the critical point a new mode appears leading to a logarithmic gravity in the theory. The corresponding logarithmic solution may provide a gravity description of logarithmic CFT in higher dimensions.
Alishahiha, Mohsen
5, 1102911054, 2005 Convective gravity
ACPD 5, 1102911054, 2005 Convective gravity waves at mid-latitudes Y. G. Choi et al. Title Page Discussions Wind-profiler observations of gravity waves produced by convection at mid-latitudes Y. G. Choi111054, 2005 Convective gravity waves at mid-latitudes Y. G. Choi et al. Title Page Abstract Introduction
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
CFT, Integrable Models Liouville Gravity
CFT, Integrable Models And Liouville Gravity Chernogolovka 2009 Sunday June 28, 2009. Conference as one of components of their L, A pairs. #12;CFT, Integrable Models And Liouville Gravity Chernogolovka Gravity Chernogolovka, 2009 Tuesday June 30, 2009. CONFERENCE HALL 09:3010:10 Herman Boos (Wuppertal
Fominov, Yakov
From Classical To Quantum Gravity: Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity
We present an introduction to the canonical quantization of gravity performed in loop quantum gravity, based on lectures held at the 3rd quantum geometry and quantum gravity school in Zakopane in 2011. A special feature of this introduction is the inclusion of new proposals for coupling matter to gravity that can be used to deparametrize the theory, thus making its dynamics more tractable. The classical and quantum aspects of these new proposals are explained alongside the standard quantization of vacuum general relativity in loop quantum gravity.
Giesel, Kristina
Even-dimensional topological gravity from Chern-Simons gravity
It is shown that the topological action for gravity in 2n-dimensions can be obtained from the 2n+1-dimensional Chern-Simons gravity genuinely invariant under the Poincare group. The 2n-dimensional topological gravity is described by the dynamics of the boundary of a 2n+1-dimensional Chern-Simons gravity theory with suitable boundary conditions. The field $\\phi^{a}$, which is necessary to construct this type of topological gravity in even dimensions, is identified with the coset field associated with the non-linear realizations of the Poincare group ISO(d-1,1).
Nelson Merino; Alfredo Perez; Patricio Salgado
Ground Gravity Survey At Cove Fort Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004) | Open
Ground Gravity Survey At Cove Fort Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004) Ground Gravity Survey At Cove Fort Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Ground Gravity Survey At Cove Fort Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004) Exploration Activity Details Location Cove Fort Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Ground Gravity Survey Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes Update to Warpinski, et al., 2002 References N. R. Warpinski, A. R. Sattler, R. Fortuna, D. A. Sanchez, J. Nathwani (2004) Geothermal Resource Exploration And Definition Projects Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Ground_Gravity_Survey_At_Cove_Fort_Area_(Warpinski,_Et_Al.,_2004)&oldid=598130" Categories: Exploration Activities DOE Funded Activities
The gravity of light
A solution of the old problem raised by Tolman, Ehrenfest, Podolsky and Wheeler, concerning the lack of attraction of two light pencils "moving parallel", is proposed, considering that the light can be source of nonlinear gravitational waves corresponding (in the would be quantum theory of gravity) to spin-1 massless particles.
G. Sparano; G. Vilasi; S. Vilasi
Bigravity and Massive Gravity
We discuss some issues concerning the global structure of spherically symmetric solutions of bigravity. We propose maximal extensions of manifolds where two causal structure coexist. Besides we make some comments about the perturbations of these solutions and their relation to massive gravity and the cosmological constant problem.
D. Blas
Isometrodynamics and Gravity
Isometrodynamics (ID), the gauge theory of the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of an "inner" D-dimensional flat space, is tentatively interpreted as a fundamental theory of gravity. Dimensional analysis shows that the Planck length l_P - and through it \\hbar and \\Gamma - enters the gauge field action linking ID and gravity in a natural way. Noting that the ID gauge field couples solely through derivatives acting on "inner" space variables all ID fields are Taylor-expanded in "inner" space. Integrating out the "inner" space variables yields an effective field theory for the coefficient fields with l_P^2 emerging as the expansion parameter. For \\hbar goint to zero only the leading order field does not vanish. This classical field couples to the matter Noether currents and charges related to the translation invariance in "inner" space. A model coupling this leading order field to a matter point source is established and solved. Interpreting the matter Noether charge in terms of gravitational mass Newton's inverse square law is finally derived for a static gauge field source and a slowly moving test particle. Gravity emerges as potentially related to field variations over "inner" space and might microscopically be described by the ID gauge field or equivalently by an infinite string of coefficient fields only the leading term of which is related to the macroscopical effects of gravity.
Christian Wiesendanger
Quantum Gravity and Turbulence
We apply recent advances in quantum gravity to the problem of turbulence. Adopting the AdS/CFT approach we propose a string theory of turbulence that explains the Kolmogorov scaling in 3+1 dimensions and the Kraichnan and Kolmogorov scalings in 2+1 dimensions. In the gravitational context, turbulence is intimately related to the properties of spacetime, or quantum, foam.
Vishnu Jejjala; Djordje Minic; Y. Jack Ng; Chia-Hsiung Tze
The Particle Adventure | What holds it together? | Gravity
holds it together? > Gravity Gravity What about gravity? Gravity is weird. It is clearly one of the fundamental interactions, but the Standard Model cannot satisfactorily explain...
Gravity, Dimension, Equilibrium, & Thermodynamics
Is it actually possible to interpret gravitation as space's property in a pure classical way. Then, we note that extended self-gravitating system equilibrium depends directly on the number of dimension of the space in which it evolves. Given those precisions, we review the principal thermodynamical knowledge in the context of classical gravity with arbitrary dimension of space. Stability analyses for bounded 3D systems, namely the Antonov instability paradigm, are then rapproched to some amazing properties of globular clusters and galaxies.
Jerome Perez
Quantum gravity and "singularities"
The paper concerns the fictitious entanglement of the so-called ``singularities'' in problems, pertaining to quantum gravity, due, in point of fact, to the way we try to employ, in that context, differential geometry, the latter being associated, in effect, by far, classically (:smooth manifolds), on the basis of an erroneous correspondence between what we may call/understand, as ``physical space'' and the ``cartesian-newtonian'' one.
Anastasios Mallios
Lorentz Breaking and Gravity
Gravitational theories with Lorentz violation must account for a number of possible features in order to be consistent theoretically and phenomenologically. A brief summary of these features is given here. They include evasion of a no-go theorem, connections between spontaneous Lorentz breaking and diffeomorphism breaking, the appearance of massless Nambu-Goldstone modes and massive Higgs modes, and the possibility of a Higgs mechanism in gravity.
R. Bluhm
Notices Definitions
742 Federal Register 742 Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 228 / Tuesday, November 27, 2012 / Notices Definitions ................................................................................................. https://eiaweb.inl.gov/clearance2012/eiaweb-frm886Defs.png Sanctions, Burden & Confidentiality ......................................................... https://eiaweb.inl.gov/clearance2012/eiaweb-frm886Info.png SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This information collection request contains: (1) OMB No. 1905-0191; (2) Information Collection Request Title: Annual Survey of Alternative Fueled Vehicles; (3) Type of Request: Revision of currently approved collection; (4a) Purpose: Form EIA-886 is an annual survey that collects information on the number and type of AFVs and other advanced technology vehicles that
SAGA: A Simple API for Grid Applications -- High-Level ApplicationProgramming on the Grid
Grid technology has matured considerably over the past fewyears. Progress in both implementation and standardization is reaching alevel of robustness that enables production quality deployments of gridservices in the academic research community with heightened interest andearly adoption in the industrial community. Despite this progress, gridapplications are far from ubiquitous, and new applications require anenormous amount of programming effort just to see first light. A keyimpediment to accelerated deployment of grid applications is the scarcityof high-level application programming abstractions that bridge the gapbetween existing grid middle-ware and application-level needs. The SimpleAPI for Grid Applications (SAGA [1]) is a GGF standardization effort thataddresses this particular gap by providing a simple, stable, and uniformprogramming interface that integrates the most common grid programmingabstractions. These most common abstractions were identified through theanalysis of several existing and emerging Grid applications. In thisarticle, we present the SAGA effort, describe its relationship to otherGrid API efforts within the GGF community, and introduce the first draftof the API using some application programming examples.
Goodale, Tom; Jha, Shantenu; Kaiser, Hartmut; Kielmann, Thilo; Kleijer, Pascal; von Laszewski, Gregor; Lee, Craig; Merzky, Andre; Rajic,Hrabri; Shalf, John
Entropic Gravity in Rindler Space
We show that Rindler horizons are entropic screens and gravity is an entropic force in Rindler space by deriving the Verlinde entropy formula from the focusing of light due to a mass close to the horizon. Consequently, gravity is also entropic in the near horizon regions of Schwarzschild and de Sitter space-times. In different limits, the entropic nature of gravity in Rindler space leads to the Bekenstein entropy bound and the uncertainty principle.
Halyo, Edi
Edi Halyo
Cascading gravity is ghost free
We perform a full perturbative stability analysis of the 6D cascading gravity model in the presence of 3-brane tension. We demonstrate that for sufficiently large tension on the (flat) 3-brane, there are no ghosts at the perturbative level, consistent with results that had previously only been obtained in a specific 5D decoupling limit. These results establish the cascading gravity framework as a consistent infrared modification of gravity.
Rham, Claudia de [Departement de Physique Theorique, Universite de Geneve, 24 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneve (Switzerland); Khoury, Justin [Center for Particle Cosmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6395 (United States); Tolley, Andrew J. [Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo, ON, N2L 2Y5 (Canada)
D-dimensional log gravity
We study Einstein gravity in dimensions D{>=}4 modified by curvature squared at critical point where the theory contains only massless gravitons. We show that at the critical point a new mode appears leading to a logarithmic gravity in the theory. The corresponding logarithmic solution may provide a gravity description of logarithmic conformal field theories (CFT) in higher dimensions. We note also that for special values of the parameters of the theory, the model admits solutions with nonrelativistic isometries.
Alishahiha, Mohsen; Fareghbal, Reza [School of physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P. O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Teleparallel Gravity: An Overview
The fundamentals of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity are presented, and its main properties described. In particular, the field equations, the definition of an energy--momentum density for the gravitational field, the teleparallel version of the equivalence principle, and the dynamical role played by torsion as compared to the corresponding role played by curvature in general relativity, are discussed in some details.
V. C. de Andrade; L. C. T. Guillen; J. G. Pereira
Urine definition
definition definition Name: durwood Status: N/A Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: Around 1993 Question: What material is urine composed of? Replies: Urine is normally composed of water and wasted products filtered form the body. The kidney produces urine. The other main function of the kidney is to regulate fluid balance in the body. It performs this function by using a selective osmosis system. Basically, the way it works is that electrolytes (dissolved salts like sodium, potassium, calcium, carbonate, chloride) are pumped back into or out of urine and blood so that in the end, just the right amounts of electrolyte and water exit the kidney blood vein. The rest ends up in urine. Interestingly, normal urine is sterile and has no bacteria. psych Urine contains 95% water and 5% solids. More than 1000 different mineral salts and compounds are estimated to be in urine. So far, our scientific community knows of about 200 elements. Some substances are: vitamins, amino acids, antibodies, enzymes, hormones, antigens, interleukins, proteins, immunoglobulins, gastric secretory depressants, tolergens, immunogens, uric acid, urea, proteoses, directin, H-11 (a growth inhibitory factor in human cancer), and urokinase. Believe it or not, scientists have know for years that urine is antibacterial, anti-protozoal, anti-fungal, anti- viral, and anti-tuberculostatic!
Is Gravity an Entropic Force?
The remarkable connections between gravity and thermodynamics seem to imply that gravity is not fundamental but emergent, and in particular, as Verlinde suggested, gravity is probably an entropic force. In this paper, we will argue that the idea of gravity as an entropic force is debatable. It is shown that there is no convincing analogy between gravity and entropic force in Verlinde's example. Neither holographic screen nor test particle satisfies all requirements for the existence of entropic force in a thermodynamics system. Furthermore, we show that the entropy increase of the screen is not caused by its statistical tendency to increase entropy as required by the existence of entropic force, but in fact caused by gravity. Therefore, Verlinde's argument for the entropic origin of gravity is problematic. In addition, we argue that the existence of a minimum size of spacetime, together with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum theory, may imply the fundamental existence of gravity as a geometric property of spacetime. This may provide a further support for the conclusion that gravity is not an entropic force.
Topological methods in quantum gravity.
??The main technical problem with background independent approaches to quantum gravity is inapplicability of standard quantum field theory methods. New methods are needed which would� (more)
Starodubtsev, Artem
Gravity-Driven Intrusions in Stratified Fluids
5.5.1 Five interleaving interfacial gravity currents 5.5.2Ten interleaving interfacial gravity currents . 5.6in Iceland showing multiple gravity-driven intrusions c �
Maurer, Benjamin D.
The role of information in gravity
It is argued that particle-specific information on energy-momentum adjusts the strength of gravity. This form of gravity has no free parameters, preserves Einstein gravity locally and predicts 6 times stronger accelerations on galaxy scales.
M. Spaans
It is shown that, under a conformal transformation with reference to the Higgs field, the Higgs boson can be completely decoupled from electroweak interactions with no apparent change in known properties of leptons, quarks and vector bosons. Higgs boson becomes part of a scalar-tensor gravity which can be relevant for Dark Energy. It interacts with matter sector via higher-dimensional terms (e.g. neutrino Majorana mass), and via the fields (of new physics) whose masses are not generated by the Higgs mechanism. Dark Matter and two-Higgs-doublet model are the simplest examples.
Durmus A. Demir
Deformed Einstein Gravity
We introduce the necessary concepts for an algebraic construction of a gravity theory on noncommutative spaces. The ??deformed diffeomorphisms are studied and a tensor calculus is defined. This leads to a deformed Einstein?Hilbert action which is invariant with respect to deformed diffeomorphisms. The dynamical variable is the vierbein field. The deformed action is a deformation of the usual Einstein?Hilbert action and reduces to it in the limit where the noncommutativity vanishes. This contribution is based on joint work with P. Aschieri
Frank Meyer
Orbit Stability Up: APS Storage Ring Parameters Previous: Main Orbit Stability Up: APS Storage Ring Parameters Previous: Main Parameters Lattice Definitions APS storage ring lattice consists of 40 almost identical sectors. Each sector contains two dipoles, ten quadrupoles, seven sextupoles and also has a 5-m-long straight section for placement of Insertion Devices (IDs) or other equipment. Four of these straight sections are occupied with rf cavities, one straight section is used for injection, all others are available for IDs. Also, each sector contains eight steering magnets with both horizontal and vertical correction coils and 11 beam position monitors (BPMs). Due to some space limitations, there are several sectors that have less steering magnets or BPMs. Simple lattice description - one typical sector (elegant input file)
Lovelock gravity from entropic force
In this paper, we first generalize the formulation of entropic gravity to (n+1)-dimensional spacetime. Then, we propose an entropic origin for Gauss-Bonnet gravity and more general Lovelock gravity in arbitrary dimensions. As a result, we are able to derive Newton's law of gravitation as well as the corresponding Friedmann equations in these gravity theories. This procedure naturally leads to a derivation of the higher dimensional gravitational coupling constant of Friedmann/Einstein equation which is in complete agreement with the results obtained by comparing the weak field limit of Einstein equation with Poisson equation in higher dimensions. Our study shows that the approach presented here is powerful enough to derive the gravitational field equations in any gravity theory. PACS: 04.20.Cv, 04.50.-h, 04.70.Dy.
A. Sheykhi; H. Moradpour; N. Riazi
Gravity Waves in the Sun
We present numerical simulations of penetrative convection and gravity wave excitation in the Sun. Gravity waves are self-consistently generated by a convective zone overlying a radiative interior. We produce power spectra for gravity waves in the radiative region as well as estimates for the energy flux of gravity waves below the convection zone. We calculate a peak energy flux in waves below the convection zone to be three orders of magnitude smaller than previous estimates for m=1. The simulations show that the linear dispersion relation is a good approximation only deep below the convective-radiative boundary. Both low frequency propagating gravity waves as well as higher frequency standing modes are generated; although we find that convection does not continually drive the standing g-mode frequencies.
Tamara M. Rogers; Gary A. Glatzmaier
Relative Energy of the Taub Cosmological Model in Teleparallel Gravity
In order to evaluate the energy distribution (due to matter and fields including gravitation) associated with a spacetime model of Taub solution, we consider the Einstein, Bergmann-Thomson and Landau-Lifshitz energy-momentum definitions in the teleparallel gravity (the tetrad theory of gravitation). In the teleparallel gravity using Einstein and Landau-Lifshitz prescriptions, we find the same energy-momentum distribution which is calculated in general relativity by P. Harpen. We also find that the energy-momentum prescription of Bergmann-Thomson in the tetrad theory of gravitation and general relativity. This result agrees with the previous works of Virbhadra, Xulu, Vargas, Vagenas and Salt? et al. and supports the viewpoints of
Murat Korunur
On the Energy-Momentum Tensor of the Scalar Field in Scalar--Tensor Theories of Gravity
We study the dynamical description of gravity, the appropriate definition of the scalar field energy-momentum tensor, and the interrelation between them in scalar-tensor theories of gravity. We show that the quantity which one would naively identify as the energy-momentum tensor of the scalar field is not appropriate because it is spoiled by a part of the dynamical description of gravity. A new connection can be defined in terms of which the full dynamical description of gravity is explicit, and the correct scalar field energy-momentum tensor can be immediately identified. Certain inequalities must be imposed on the two free functions (the coupling function and the potential) that define a particular scalar-tensor theory, to ensure that the scalar field energy density never becomes negative. The correct dynamical description leads naturally to the Einstein frame formulation of scalar-tensor gravity which is also studied in detail.
David I. Santiago; Alexander S. Silbergleit
Gravity quantized: Loop quantum gravity with a scalar field
...''but we do not have quantum gravity.'' This phrase is often used when analysis of a physical problem enters the regime in which quantum gravity effects should be taken into account. In fact, there are several models of the gravitational field coupled to (scalar) fields for which the quantization procedure can be completed using loop quantum gravity techniques. The model we present in this paper consists of the gravitational field coupled to a scalar field. The result has similar structure to the loop quantum cosmology models, except that it involves all the local degrees of freedom of the gravitational field because no symmetry reduction has been performed at the classical level.
Domagala, Marcin; Kaminski, Wojciech [Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej, Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Hoza 69, 00-681 Warszawa (Warsaw), Polska (Poland) (Poland); Giesel, Kristina [Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching (Germany); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (United States); Lewandowski, Jerzy [Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej, Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Hoza 69, 00-681 Warszawa (Warsaw), Polska (Poland) (Poland); Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Physics Department, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (United States)
Intrusive gravity currents in two-layer
Intrusive gravity currents in two-layer stratified media Morris R. Flynn & Paul F. Linden Dept to as a gravity current · In contrast to waves, gravity currents transport significant mass (e.g. fluid parcels, sediment, insects, etc.) Introduction Gravity currents in the environment www
Flynn, Morris R.
Quantum Histories and Quantum Gravity
This paper reviews the histories approach to quantum mechanics. This discussion is then applied to theories of quantum gravity. It is argued that some of the quantum histories must approximate (in a suitable sense) to classical histories, if the correct classical regime is to be recovered. This observation has significance for the formulation of new theories (such as quantum gravity theories) as it puts a constraint on the kinematics, if the quantum/classical correspondence principle is to be preserved. Consequences for quantum gravity, particularly for Lorentz symmetry and the idea of "emergent geometry", are discussed.
Joe Henson
PPN-limit of Fourth Order Gravity inspired by Scalar-Tensor Gravity
Based on the {\\it dynamical} equivalence between higher order gravity and scalar-tensor gravity the PPN-limit of fourth order gravity is discussed. We exploit this analogy developing a fourth order gravity version of the Eddington PPN-parameters. As a result, Solar System experiments can be reconciled with higher order gravity, if physical constraints descending from experiments are fulfilled.
S. Capozziello; A. Troisi
Gravity's Cosmic ShadowsGravity's Cosmic Shadows A Mathematical UnveilingA Mathematical Unveiling
Gravity's Cosmic ShadowsGravity's Cosmic Shadows A Mathematical UnveilingA Mathematical Unveiling of gravity on light SUNSUN #12;Gravitational Lensing - action of gravity on light SUNSUN #12;Gravitational Lensing - action of gravity on light SUNSUN nn 1801: Johann von1801: Johann von SoldnerSoldner (Newtonian
Weinberger, Hans
Spin-gravity coupling and gravity-induced quantum phases
External gravitational fields induce phase factors in the wave functions of particles. The phases are exact to first order in the background gravitational field, are manifestly covariant and gauge invariant and provide a useful tool for the study of spin-gravity coupling and of the optics of particles in gravitational or inertial fields. We discuss the role that spin-gravity coupling plays in particular problems.
Giorgio Papini
HDF5-FastQuery: An API for Simplifying Access to Data Storage,Retrieval, Indexing and Querying
This work focuses on research and development activities that bridge a gap between fundamental data management technology index, query, storage and retrieval and use of such technology in computational and computer science algorithms and applications. The work has resulted in a streamlined applications programming interface (API) that simplifies data storage and retrieval using the HDF5 data I/O library, and eases use of the FastBit compressed bitmap indexing software for data indexing/querying. The API, which we call HDF5-FastQuery, will have broad applications in domain sciences as well as associated data analysis and visualization applications.
Bethel, E. Wes; Gosink, Luke; Shalf, John; Stockinger, Kurt; Wu,Kesheng
Gravity Techniques | Open Energy Information
Gravity Techniques Gravity Techniques Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Gravity Techniques Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(1) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Gravity Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Geophysical Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Distribution of density in the subsurface enables inference of rock type. Stratigraphic/Structural: Delineation of steeply dipping formations, geological discontinuities and faults, intrusions and the deposition of silicates due to hydrothermal activity. Hydrological: Density of sedimentary rocks are strongly influenced by fluid contained within pore space. Dry bulk density refers to the rock with no moisture, while the wet bulk density accounts for water saturation; fluid content may alter density by up to 30%.(Sharma, 1997)
Quench cooling under reduced gravity
We report the quench cooling experiments performed with liquid O2 under different levels of gravity simulated with the magnetic gravity compensation. A copper disk is quenched from 270K to 90K. It is found that the cooling time in microgravity is very long in comparison with any other gravity level. This phenomenon is explained by the isolation effect of the gas surrounding the disk. The liquid subcooling is shown to drastically improuve the heat exchange thus reducing the cooling time (about 20 times). The effect of subcooling on the heat transfer is analyzed at different gravity levels. It is shown that such type of experiments cannot be used for the analysis of the critical heat flux (CHF) of the boiling crisis. The minimum heat flux (MHF) of boiling is analyzed instead.
Chatain, D; Nikolayev, V S; Beysens, D
Numerical Dispersion of Gravity Waves
When atmospheric gravity waves are simulated in numerical models, they are not only dispersive for physical but also for numerical reasons. Their wave properties (e.g., damping or propagation speed and direction) can depend on grid spacing as ...
Guido Schroeder; K. Heinke Schl�nzen
Critical Gravity in Four Dimensions
We study four-dimensional gravity theories that are rendered renormalizable by the inclusion of curvature-squared terms to the usual Einstein action with a cosmological constant. By choosing the parameters appropriately, the massive scalar mode can be eliminated and the massive spin-2 mode can become massless. This ''critical'' theory may be viewed as a four-dimensional analogue of chiral topologically massive gravity, or of critical 'new massive gravity' with a cosmological constant, in three dimensions. We find that the on-shell energy for the remaining massless gravitons vanishes. There are also logarithmic spin-2 modes, which have positive energy. The mass and entropy of standard Schwarzschild-type black holes vanish. The critical theory might provide a consistent toy model for quantum gravity in four dimensions.
Lue, H. [China Economics and Management Academy, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081 (China); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060 (China); Pope, C. N. [George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (United States); DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge University, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 OWA (United Kingdom)
Structure formation in modified gravity
We pursue a (1+3) ?covariant analysis of cosmological peculiar velocity of pressure?free matter induced by the matter density perturbations in modified f(R) gravity theories. Instead of working in a quasi?Newtonian Eulerian frame
D. M. Solomons; P. K. S. Dunsby; S. Carloni
Identifying Student Concepts of Gravity.
??This paper discusses a survey developed to investigate student concepts of "gravity" among AST 109 astronomy students and pre-service K-12 teachers. Survey questions were developed� (more)
Feeley, Roger Eastman
Gravity Currents in Aquatic Canopies
A lock exchange experiment is used to investigate the propagation of gravity currents through a random array of rigid, emergent cylinders which represents a canopy of aquatic plants. As canopy drag increases, the propagating ...
Tanino, Yukie
Momentum Balance of Gravity Flows
A unified scale analysis of the momentum balance of downslope gravity flows is developed to organize previous theories for the case of negligible ambient flow and fixed temperature deficit scale. The values of several nondimensional parameters ...
L. Mahrt
Attractions of Affine Quantum Gravity
All attempts to quantize gravity face several difficult problems. Among these problems are: (i) metric positivity (positivity of the spatial distance between distinct points), (ii) the presence of anomalies (partial second-class nature of the quantum constraints), and (iii) perturbative nonrenormalizability (the need for infinitely many distinct counterterms). In this report, a relatively nontechnical discussion is presented about how the program of affine quantum gravity proposes to deal with these problems.
John R. Klauder
Lectures on Screened Modified Gravity
The acceleration of the expansion of the Universe has led to the construction of Dark Energy models where a light scalar field may have a range reaching up to cosmological scales. Screening mechanisms allow these models to evade the tight gravitational tests in the solar system and the laboratory. I will briefly review some of the salient features of screened modified gravity models of the chameleon, dilaton or symmetron types using $f(R)$ gravity as a template.
Philippe Brax
LBMD : a layer-based mesh data structure tailored for generic API infrastructures.
A new mesh data structure is introduced for the purpose of mesh processing in Application Programming Interface (API) infrastructures. This data structure utilizes a reduced mesh representation to increase its ability to handle significantly larger meshes compared to full mesh representation. In spite of the reduced representation, each mesh entity (vertex, edge, face, and region) is represented using a unique handle, with no extra storage cost, which is a crucial requirement in most API libraries. The concept of mesh layers makes the data structure more flexible for mesh generation and mesh modification operations. This flexibility can have a favorable impact in solver based queries of finite volume and multigrid methods. The capabilities of LBMD make it even more attractive for parallel implementations using Message Passing Interface (MPI) or Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The data structure is associated with a new classification method to relate mesh entities to their corresponding geometrical entities. The classification technique stores the related information at the node level without introducing any ambiguities. Several examples are presented to illustrate the strength of this new data structure.
Ebeida, Mohamed S.; Knupp, Patrick Michael
Observational Tests of Modified Gravity
Modified gravity theories have richer observational consequences for large-scale structure than conventional dark energy models, in that different observables are not described by a single growth factor even in the linear regime. We examine the relationships between perturbations in the metric potentials, density and velocity fields, and discuss strategies for measuring them using gravitational lensing, galaxy cluster abundances, galaxy clustering/dynamics and the ISW effect. We show how a broad class of gravity theories can be tested by combining these probes. A robust way to interpret observations is by constraining two key functions: the ratio of the two metric potentials, and the ratio of the Gravitational ``constant'' in the Poisson equation to Newton's constant. We also discuss quasilinear effects that carry signatures of gravity, such as through induced three-point correlations. Clustering of dark energy can mimic features of modified gravity theories and thus confuse the search for distinct signatures of such theories. It can produce pressure perturbations and anisotropic stresses, which breaks the equality between the two metric potentials even in general relativity. With these two extra degrees of freedom, can a clustered dark energy model mimic modified gravity models in all observational tests? We show with specific examples that observational constraints on both the metric potentials and density perturbations can in principle distinguish modifications of gravity from dark energy models. We compare our result with other recent studies that have slightly different assumptions (and apparently contradictory conclusions).
Bhuvnesh Jain; Pengjie Zhang
Basic definitions of uncertainty
... Glossary. The following definitions are given in the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. Many additional ...
Massive Gravity in de Sitter Space via Gravitational Higgs Mechanism
In this paper we discuss massive gravity in de Sitter space via gravitational Higgs mechanism, which provides a nonlinear definition thereof. The Higgs scalars are described by a nonlinear sigma model, which includes higher derivative terms required to obtain the Fierz-Pauli mass term. Using the aforesaid non-perturbative definition, we address appearance of an enhanced local symmetry and a null norm state in the linearized massive gravity in de Sitter space at the special value of the graviton mass to the Hubble parameter ratio. By studying full non-perturbative equations of motion, we argue that there is no enhanced symmetry in the full nonlinear theory. We then argue that in the full nonlinear theory no null norm state is expected to arise at the aforesaid special value. This suggests that no ghost might be present for lower graviton mass values and the full nonlinear theory might be unitary for all values of the graviton mass and the Hubble parameter with no van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov discontinuity. We argue that this is indeed the case by studying full nonlinear Hamiltonian for the relevant conformal and helicity-0 longitudinal modes. In particular, we argue that no negative norm state is present in the full nonlinear theory.
Alberto Iglesias; Zurab Kakushadze
An experimental evaluation of a QoS signaling API for network-aware multimedia applications in NGN
Heterogeneous environment of the Next Generation Network, involving diverse user devices and access options, as well as versatile network infrastructure, calls for closer cooperation between network entities and multimedia applications in achieving end-to-end ... Keywords: IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), QoS, application programming interface (API), multimedia, negotiation, signaling
Ognjen Dobrijevic; Maja Matijasevic
Building model analysis applications with the Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability (JUPITER) API
The open-source, public domain JUPITER (Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability) API (Application Programming Interface) provides conventions and Fortran-90 modules to develop applications (computer programs) for analyzing ... Keywords: Calibration, Model discrimination, Optimization, Sensitivity, Uncertainty
Edward R. Banta; Mary C. Hill; Eileen Poeter; John E. Doherty; Justin Babendreier
Dilaton Gravity, Poisson Sigma Models and Loop Quantum Gravity
Spherically symmetric gravity in Ashtekar variables coupled to Yang-Mills theory in two dimensions and its relation to dilaton gravity and Poisson sigma models are discussed. After introducing its loop quantization, quantum corrections for inverse triad components are shown to provide a consistent deformation without anomalies. The relation to Poisson sigma models provides a covariant action principle of the quantum corrected theory with effective couplings. Results are also used to provide loop quantizations of spherically symmetric models in arbitrary D space-time dimensions.
Martin Bojowald; Juan D. Reyes
Modified gravity from the quantum part of the metric
It is shown that if a metric in quantum gravity can be decomposed as a sum of classical and quantum parts then Einstein quantum gravity looks approximately like modified gravity with a nonminimal interaction between gravity and matter.
Vladimir Dzhunushaliev; Vladimir Folomeev; Burkhard Kleihaus; Jutta Kunz
A Volume Rendering Extension for the OpenSG Scene Graph API
We will present the current state of our ongoing work on a simple to use, extensible and cross-platform volume rendering library. Primary target of our framework is interactive scientific visualization, but volumetric effects are also desirable in other fields of computer graphics, e.g. virtual reality applications. The framework we present is based on texture-based direct volume rendering. We apply the concept of volume shaders and demonstrate their usefulness in terms of flexibility, extensibility and adaption to new or different graphics hardware. Our framework is based on the OpenSG scene graph API, that is designed especially with multi-threading and cluster-rendering in mind, thus, it is very easy to integrate volumetric visualizations into powerful virtual reality systems.
Thomas Klein Manfred; Thomas Klein; Manfred Weiler; Thomas Ertl
Ground Gravity Survey At San Francisco Volcanic Field Area (Warpinski, Et
4) 4) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Ground Gravity Survey At San Francisco Volcanic Field Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004) Exploration Activity Details Location San Francisco Volcanic Field Area Exploration Technique Ground Gravity Survey Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes Northern Arizona University has re-assessed the existing exploration data, geologically mapped the target area, obtained rock samples for age dating and mineral chemistry, performed gravity and magnetic surveys, and integrated these results to identify potential drilling targets and sites. Further work may occur in 2004 or 2005. References N. R. Warpinski, A. R. Sattler, R. Fortuna, D. A. Sanchez, J. Nathwani (2004) Geothermal Resource Exploration And Definition Projects
New models of f(R) theories of gravity
We introduce new models of f(R) theories of gravity that are a generalization of Horava-Lifshitz gravity.
Kluson, J. [Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno (Czech Republic)
New Models of f(R) Theories of Gravity
We introduce new models of f(R) theories of gravity that are generalization of Horava-Lifshitz gravity.
J. Kluson
Kluson, J
Enhanced and Inhibited Gravity Wave Spectra
Balloon measurements were used to investigate gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere above the Canadian high Arctic. The amount of gravity wave activity in the stratosphere was found to be related to particular ...
James A. Whiteway
Questions and Answers - Does gravity affect atoms?
and Answers Main Index Next Question (Can you crush atoms?) Can you crush atoms? Does gravity affect atoms? Gravity affects atoms the same way it affects all other matter. Every...
A Coherent Strategy for Qauntum Gravity
Affine quantum gravity, which differs notably from either string theory or loop quantum gravity, is briefly reviewed. Emphasis in this article is placed on the use of affine coherent states in this program.
Rapid gravity and gravity gradiometry terrain corrections via an adaptive quadtree mesh discretization
Rapid gravity and gravity gradiometry terrain corrections via an adaptive quadtree mesh discretization Kristofer Davis1,2 M. Andy Kass1 Yaoguo Li1 1 Center for Gravity, Electrical, and Magnetic Studies of gravity gradiometry surveys utilising an adaptive quadtree mesh discretization. The data- and terrain
Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism Revisited
Unification of gravity and electromagnetism based on a theory with an affine non-symmetric connection $\\Gamma^\\lambda_{\\mu\
Partha Ghose
A gravity term from spontaneous symmetry breaking
In this model, the gravity term in the Lagrangean comes from spontaneous symmetry breaking of an additional scalar quadruplet field $\\Upsilon$. The resulting gravitational field is approximate to one of the models of coframe gravity with parameters $\\rho_1 + 4 \\rho_2 = 0$, $\\rho_3 = 0$. This article includes an exact solution of coframe gravity with model parameters $\\rho_1 \
Mihai Moise
Gravity Transform for Input Conditioning in
Gravity Transform for Input Conditioning in Brain Machine Interfaces António R. C. Paiva, José C. Motivation 2. Methods i. Gravity Transform ii. Modeling and output sensitivity analysis 3. Data Analysis #12;3 Outline 1. Motivation 2. Methods i. Gravity Transform ii. Modeling and output sensitivity analysis 3. Data
Paiva, António R. C.
Fundamental decoherence in quantum gravity
A recently introduced discrete formalism allows to solve the problem of time in quantum gravity in a relational manner. Quantum mechanics formulated with a relational time is not exactly unitary and implies a fundamental mechanism for decoherence of quantum states. The mechanism is strong enough to render the black hole information puzzle unobservable.
Rodolfo Gambini; Rafael Porto; Jorge Pullin
Momentum Transport by Gravity Waves
The momentum flux by orographic gravity waves and the turbulent heat flux in wave-breaking regions are estimated from aircraft data from ALPEX. The fluxes on 6 March 1982 are controlled by low-level directional shear of the mean flow and ...
Jinwon Kim; L. Mahrt
Overlap Fermion in External Gravity
On a lattice, we construct an overlap Dirac operator which describes the propagation of a Dirac fermion in external gravity. The local Lorentz symmetry is manifestly realized as a lattice gauge symmetry, while the general coordinate invariance is expected to be restored only in the continuum limit. The lattice index density in the presence of a gravitational field is calculated.
Hiroto So; Masashi Hayakawa; Hiroshi Suzuki
High-gravity central stars
NLTE spectral analyses of high-gravity central stars by means of state-of-the-art model atmosphere techniques provide information about the precursor AGB stars. The hydrogen-deficient post-AGB stars allow investigations on the intershell matter which is apparently exhibited at the stellar surface. We summarize recent results from imaging, spectroscopy, and spectropolarimetry.
Thomas Rauch
Rheological measurements in reduced gravity
Rheology of fluidized beds and settling suspensions were studied experimentally in a series of reduced gravity parabolic flights aboard NASA�s KC?135 aircraft. Silica sands of two different size distributions were fluidized by air. The slurries were made using silica sand and Glycerol solution. The experimental set up incorporated instrumentation to measure the air flow rate
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov; Ruel A. Overfelt
Gravity and the Fermion Mass
It is shown that gravity generates mass for the fermion. It does so by coupling directly with the spinor field. The coupling term is invariant with respect to the electroweak gauge group $ U(1) \\otimes SU(2)_L. $ It replaces the fermion mass term $ m\\bar{\\psi} \\psi $.
Kenneth Dalton
Definition of Radiation
Gamma Radiation and X-Rays Beta Radiation Alpha Radiation Irradiation Radioactive Contamination Definitions Detection Measurement Safety Around Radiation Sources Types of...
Base unit definitions: Second
... two energy levels of an atom or a molecule, could be realized and reproduced much more precisely. Considering that a very precise definition of ...
Schrodinger-like (Dilaton-)Gravity
We investigate possibilities for the Schrodinger-like gravity with the dynamical critical exponent z=2, where the action only contains the first-order time derivative. The Horava gravity always admits such a relevant deformation because the full (d+1) dimensional diffeomorphism of the Einstein gravity is replaced by the foliation preserving diffeomorphism. The dynamics is locally trivial or topological for the pure gravity case, but we can construct a dynamical field theory with z=2 dispersion relation by introducing a dilaton degree of freedom. Our model gives birth to a new model for quantum (dilaton-)gravity which may be applied to a membrane quantization.
Nakayama, Yu
Gribov ambiguity in asymptotically AdS three-dimensional gravity
In this paper the zero modes of the de Donder gauge Faddeev-Popov operator for three-dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant are analyzed. It is found that the AdS{sub 3} vacuum produces (infinitely many) normalizable smooth zero modes of the Faddeev-Popov operator. On the other hand, it is found that the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole (including the zero mass black hole) does not generate zero modes. This differs from the usual Gribov problem in QCD where, close to the maximally symmetric vacuum, the Faddeev-Popov determinant is positive definite while 'far enough' from the vacuum it can vanish. This suggests that the zero mass Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole could be a suitable ground state of three-dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant. Because of the kinematic origin of this result, it also applies for other covariant gravity theories in three dimensions with AdS{sub 3} as maximally symmetric solution, such as new massive gravity and topologically massive gravity. The relevance of these results for supersymmetry breaking is pointed out.
Anabalon, Andres [Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Vina Del Mar (Chile); Canfora, Fabrizio [Centro de Estudios Cientificos (CECS), Casilla 1469, Valdivia (Chile); Giacomini, Alex; Oliva, Julio [Instituto de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia (Chile)
The Dark Gravity model predictions for Gravity Probe B
The previous version of this article gave erroneous predictions. The correct uptodate predictions can be found in the section devoted to gravitomagnetism in the living review of the Dark Gravity theory: gr-qc/0610079 The most natural prediction is zero frame dragging and the same geodetic effect as predicted by GR. However, a straightforward extension of the theory could lead to the same frame-dragging as in GR.
Frederic Henry-Couannier
Verifying the CICS File Control API with Z/Eves: An experiment in the verified software repository
Parts of the CICS transaction processing system were modelled formally in the 1980s in a collaborative project between IBM UK Hursley Park and Oxford University Computing Laboratory. Z was used to capture a precise description of the behaviour of various ... Keywords: File API, Grand challenge in verified software, IBM CICS, Mechanical proof, Theorem proving, Verification challenge problems, Verified software repository, Z notation, Z/Eves
Leo Freitas; Jim Woodcock; Yichi Zhang
Definition: Hydroprobe | Open Energy Information
Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Definition: Hydroprobe Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Hydroprobe An exploratory drilling technique...
Quantum Gravity at the LHC
It has recently been shown that if there is a large hidden sector in Nature, the scale of quantum gravity could be much lower than traditionally expected. We study the production of massless gravitons at the LHC and compare our results to those obtained in extra dimensional models. The signature in both cases is missing energy plus jets. In case of non observation, the LHC could be used to put the tightest limit to date on the value of the Planck mass.
Xavier Calmet; Priscila de Aquino
Dark Energy and Dark Gravity
Observations provide increasingly strong evidence that the universe is accelerating. This revolutionary advance in cosmological observations confronts theoretical cosmology with a tremendous challenge, which it has so far failed to meet. Explanations of cosmic acceleration within the framework of general relativity are plagued by difficulties. General relativistic models are nearly all based on a dark energy field with fine-tuned, unnatural properties. There is a great variety of models, but all share one feature in common -- an inability to account for the gravitational properties of the vacuum energy. Speculative ideas from string theory may hold some promise, but it is fair to say that no convincing model has yet been proposed. An alternative to dark energy is that gravity itself may behave differently from general relativity on the largest scales, in such a way as to produce acceleration. The alternative approach of modified gravity (or dark gravity) provides a new angle on the problem, but also faces serious difficulties, including in all known cases severe fine-tuning and the problem of explaining why the vacuum energy does not gravitate. The lack of an adequate theoretical framework for the late-time acceleration of the universe represents a deep crisis for theory -- but also an exciting challenge for theorists. It seems likely that an entirely new paradigm is required to resolve this crisis.
Ruth Durrer; Roy Maartens
Dynamical 3-Space: Emergent Gravity
The laws of gravitation devised by Newton, and by Hilbert and Einstein, have failed many experimental and observational tests, namely the bore hole g anomaly, flat rotation curves for spiral galaxies, supermassive black hole mass spectrum, uniformly expanding universe, cosmic filaments, laboratory G measurements, galactic EM bending, precocious galaxy formation,.. The response has been the introduction of the new epicycles: ``dark matter", ``dark energy", and others. To understand gravity we must restart with the experimental discoveries by Galileo, and following a heuristic argument we are led to a uniquely determined theory of a dynamical 3-space. That 3-space exists has been missed from the beginning of physics, although it was 1st directly detected by Michelson and Morley in 1887. Uniquely generalising the quantum theory to include this dynamical 3-space we deduce the response of quantum matter and show that it results in a new account of gravity, and explains the above anomalies and others. The dynamical theory for this 3-space involves G, which determines the dissipation rate of space by matter, and alpha, which experiments and observation reveal to be the fine structure constant. For the 1st time we have a comprehensive account of space and matter and their interaction - gravity.
Reginald T Cahill
Geometric Massive Gravity in Multi-Connection Framework
What is the right way to interpret a massive graviton? We generalize the kinematical framework of general relativity to multiple connections. The average of the connections is itself a connection and plays the role of the canonical connection in standard General Relativity. At the level of dynamics, the simplest choice of the Einstein-Hilbert action is indistinguishable from the single-connection case. However, inspired by Weyl geometry, we show how one can construct massive gravity to all orders in perturbation theory compatible with the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley ghost-free model. We conclude that the mass of the graviton can be interpreted as a geometrical property of spacetime arising from two connections. Furthermore in the multi-connection framework there is no ambiguity in the definition of physical metric and consequently coupling to matter.
Nima Khosravi
Spectral Estimates of Gravity Wave Energy and Momentum Fluxes. Part III: Gravity Wave-Tidal Interactions
An application of the gravity wave parameterization scheme developed in the companion papers by Fritts and VanZandt and Fritts and Lu to the mutual interaction of gravity waves and tidal motions is presented. The results suggest that interaction ...
Wentong Lu; David C. Fritts
Indagine sulla relazione ospite parassita tra l�ape eusociale Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) e il dittero endoparassitoide Senotainia tricuspis (Meigen) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae): note etologiche, ecologiche ed applicative.
??Questo lavoro di tesi si inserisce nell�ambito di uno studio pi� vasto delle interazioni tra le mosche e le api e sulle ricadute economiche che� (more)
Bedini, Gianluca
Born-Infeld gravity in three dimensions
In this paper we explore different aspects of three dimensional Born-Infeld as well as Born-Infeld-Chern-Simons gravity. We show that the models have anti-de Sitter and anti-de Sitter wave vacuum solutions. Moreover, we observe that although Born-Infeld-Chern-Simons gravity admits a logarithmic solution, Born-Infeld gravity does not, though it has a limiting logarithmic solution as we approach the critical point.
Alishahiha, Mohsen [School of physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Naseh, Ali [School of physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9161, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Soltanpanahi, Hesam [School of physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); School of Physics and Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050 Johannesburg (South Africa)
Quantum Gravity: Has Spacetime Quantum Properties?
The incompatibility between GR and QM is generally seen as a sufficient motivation for the development of a theory of Quantum Gravity. If - so a typical argumentation - QM gives a universally valid basis for the description of all natural systems, then the gravitational field should have quantum properties. Together with the arguments against semi-classical theories of gravity, this leads to a strategy which takes a quantization of GR as the natural avenue to Quantum Gravity. And a quantization of the gravitational field would in some sense correspond to a quantization of geometry. Spacetime would have quantum properties. But, this strategy will only be successful, if gravity is a fundamental interaction. - What, if gravity is instead an intrinsically classical phenomenon? Then, if QM is nevertheless fundamentally valid, gravity can not be a fundamental interaction. An intrinsically classical gravity in a quantum world would have to be an emergent, induced or residual, macroscopic effect, caused by other interactions. The gravitational field (as well as spacetime) would not have any quantum properties. A quantization of GR would lead to artifacts without any relation to nature. The serious problems of all approaches to Quantum Gravity that start from a direct quantization of GR or try to capture the quantum properties of gravity in form of a 'graviton' dynamics - together with the, meanwhile, rich spectrum of approaches to an emergent gravity and/or spacetime - make this latter option more and more interesting for the development of a theory of Quantum Gravity. The most advanced emergent gravity (and spacetime) scenarios are of an information-theoretical, quantum-computational type.
Reiner Hedrich
Static solutions for fourth order gravity
The Lichnerowicz and Israel theorems are extended to higher order theories of gravity. In particular it is shown that Schwarzschild is the unique spherically symmetric, static, asymptotically flat, black-hole solution, provided the spatial curvature is less than the quantum gravity scale outside the horizon. It is then shown that in the presence of matter (satisfying certain positivity requirements), the only static and asymptotically flat solutions of general relativity that are also solutions of higher order gravity are the vacuum solutions.
Nelson, William [Institute of Gravitation and the Cosmos, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801 (United States)
Simultaneous measurement of gravity acceleration and gravity gradient with an atom interferometer
We demonstrate a method to measure the gravitational acceleration with a dual cloud atom interferometer; the use of simultaneous atom interferometers reduces the effect of seismic noise on the gravity measurement. At the same time, the apparatus is capable of accurate measurements of the vertical gravity gradient. The ability to determine the gravity acceleration and gravity gradient simultaneously and with the same instrument opens interesting perspectives in geophysical applications.
Sorrentino, F.; Lien, Y.-H.; Rosi, G.; Tino, G. M. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Universita di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Bertoldi, A. [Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique, CNRS and Universite Paris-Sud Campus Polytechnique, RD 128, F-91127 Palaiseau cedex (France); Bodart, Q. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Universita di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); European Space Agency, Research and Scientific Support Department, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk (Netherlands); Cacciapuoti, L. [European Space Agency, Research and Scientific Support Department, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk (Netherlands); Angelis, M. de [Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Prevedelli, M. [Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, I-40126, Bologna (Italy)
Lovelock gravity is equivalent to Einstein gravity coupled to form fields
Lovelock gravity is a class of higher-derivative gravitational theories whose linearized equations of motion have no more than two time derivatives. Here, it is shown that any Lovelock theory can be effectively described as Einstein gravity coupled to a p-form gauge field. This extends the known example of an f(R) theory of gravity, which can be described as Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field.
Brustein, Ram
Palatini formulation of L(R) gravity
We review the Palatini formulation of the higher-derivative gravity of the $L(R)$ form and its applications in cosmology.
Peng Wang; Xin-He Meng
Cosmological Acceleration: Dark Energy or Modified Gravity?
We review the evidence for recently accelerating cosmological expansion or "dark energy", either a negative pressure constituent in General Relativity (Dark Energy) or modified gravity (Dark Gravity), without any Dark Energy constituent. If constituent Dark Energy does not exist, so that our universe is now dominated by pressure-free matter, Einstein gravity must be modified at low curvature. The vacuum symmetry of any Robertson-Walker universe then characterizes Dark Gravity as low- or high-curvature modifications of Einstein gravity. The dynamics of either kind of "dark energy" cannot be derived from the homogeneous expansion alone, but requires also observing the growth of inhomogeneities. Present and projected observations are all consistent with a small fine tuned cosmological constant, with nearly static Dark Energy, or with gravity modified at cosmological scales. The growth of cosmological fluctuations will potentially distinguish static "dark energy" from dynamic "dark energy" with equation of state $w(z)$ either changing rapidly or tracking the background matter. But to cosmologically distinguish $\\Lambda$CDM from modified gravity will require a weak lensing shear survey more ambitious than any now projected. Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati modifications of Einstein gravity may also be detected in refined bservations in the solar system or at the intermediate Vainstein scale. Dark Energy's epicyclic character, failure to explain the original Cosmic Coincidence ("Why now?") without fine tuning, inaccessibility to laboratory or solar system tests, along with braneworld theories, now motivate future precision solar system, Vainstein-scale and cosmological-scale studies of Dark Gravity.
Sidney Bludman
Gravity Gold Concentration at Newmont Mining
Abstract Scope, The process of gold recovery by gravity concentration is incorporated ... Energy Management Planning, Following the ISO 50001 Draft Standard.
Optimising Circuit Design for Gravity Gold Recovery
Abstract Scope, To determine the optimal circuit configuration for gravity gold recovery ... Energy Management Planning, Following the ISO 50001 Draft Standard.
Thermophysical Property Measurements Under Reduced Gravity ...
Presentation Title, Thermophysical Property Measurements Under Reduced Gravity Conditions: Evolution and Status of theThermoLab Project. Author(s), H-J
Gravity from the extension of spatial diffeomorphisms
The possibility of the extension of spatial diffeomorphisms to a larger family of symmetries in a class of classical field theories is studied. The generator of the additional local symmetry contains a quadratic kinetic term and a potential term which can be a general (not necessarily local) functional of the metric. From the perspective of the foundation of Einstein's gravity our results are positive: The extended constraint algebra is either that of Einstein's gravity, or ultralocal gravity. If our goal is a simple modification of Einstein's gravity that for example makes it perturbatively renormalizable, as has recently been suggested, then our results show that there is no such theory within this class.
Szilard Farkas; Emil J. Martinec
I. Definition and Scope
- Smart Grid RFI Page 2 November 1, 2010 - Smart Grid RFI Page 2 November 1, 2010 I. Definition and Scope I.1. We invite comment however on whether this [Title XIII] is the best way to define the smart grid. What significant policy challenges are likely to remain unaddressed if we employ Title XIII's definition? If the definition is overly broad, what policy risks emerge as a result? * While Title XIII starts framing the necessary committee's and organizations needed to start outlining the Smart Grid discussion, it is lacking in the clear definition of the objectives that the Department of Energy (DOE) should be trying to convey to the public and industry. * Policy challenges will always continue to exist with a topic with the breadth and depth of Smart Grid. However, by steering the discussion towards what the objectives of Smart
Gravity monitoring of CO2 movement during sequestration: Model studies
right. Figure 14: Surface gravity response (?Gal) for theAbsolute and relative gravity integration for high precision2003, Seafloor Micro-gravity Survey of the Sleipner CO 2
Gasperikova, E.
The Opening of the Tasman Sea: A Gravity Anomaly Animation
The first plate tectonic gravity anomaly grid animation using data from the Tasman Sea is presented. In this animation the tectonic elements are represented by their respective gravity fields, based on recent marine-satellite-derived gravity ...
C. Gaina; R. D. M�ller; W. R. Roest; P. Symonds
Universality in Pure Gravity Mediation
If low energy supersymmetry is realized in nature, the apparent discovery of a Higgs boson with mass around 125 GeV points to a supersymmetric mass spectrum in the TeV or multi-TeV range. Multi-TeV scalar masses are a necessary component of supersymmetric models with pure gravity mediation or in any model with strong moduli stabilization. Here, we show that full scalar mass universality remains viable as long as the ratio of Higgs vevs, tan beta is relatively small (\\lesssim 2.5). We discuss in detail the low energy (observable) consequences of these models.
Jason L. Evans; Masahiro Ibe; Keith A. Olive; Tsutomu T. Yanagida
Ground Gravity Survey At Mcgee Mountain Area (DOE GTP) | Open...
Ground Gravity Survey At Mcgee Mountain Area (DOE GTP) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Ground Gravity Survey At Mcgee Mountain...
Ground Gravity Survey At Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Area...
Gravity Survey Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes A computer program capable of two-dimensional modeling of gravity data was used in interpreting...
Ground Gravity Survey At Valles Caldera - Redondo Area (Wilt...
Mechanical Properties of Counter-gravity Cast IN718
Key Words: Counter-gravity, investment casting, superalloys, IN718, inert ... using the Counter-gravity Low-pressure Inert-atmosphere (CLI) investment casting�...
Ground Gravity Survey At Dixie Valley Geothermal Field Area ...
Details Location Dixie Valley Geothermal Field Area Exploration Technique Ground Gravity Survey Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes The gravity data are...
Ground Gravity Survey At Marysville Mt Area (Blackwell) | Open...
Ground Gravity Survey At Marysville Mt Area (Blackwell) Exploration Activity Details Location Marysville Mt Area Exploration Technique Ground Gravity Survey Activity Date...
Gravity in Complex Hermitian Space-Time
A generalized theory unifying gravity with electromagnetism was proposed by Einstein in 1945. He considered a Hermitian metric on a real space-time. In this work we review Einstein's idea and generalize it further to consider gravity in a complex Hermitian space-time.
Ali H. Chamseddine
Scale-Free Growing Networks and Gravity
We propose a possible relation between complex networks and gravity. Our guide in our proposal is the power-law distribution of the node degree in network theory and the information approach to gravity. The established bridge may allow us to carry geometric mathematical structures, which are considered in gravitational theories, to probabilistic aspects studied in the framework of complex networks and vice versa.
J. A. Nieto
das Farb-Kraftfeld, das entsteht, wenn sich das b Quark vom b Antiquark trennt, ignoriert. Diese Energie wandelt sich in ein weiteres Quark-Antiquark Paar um; was zur Emission...
wissen zwar, wie man Gravitationskrfte berechnet, aber wir wissen nicht, wie man Gravitation in das mathematische Gebude der Quantentheorie des Standardmodells einbauen kann....
Gravedad Avanzar Volver Principal ESTOY PERDIDO La fuerza gravitacional es quizs la fuerza ms familiar para nosotros, pero no est includa en el Modelo Standard, porque...
Ground Gravity Survey | Open Energy Information
Ground Gravity Survey Ground Gravity Survey Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Ground Gravity Survey Details Activities (48) Areas (34) Regions (2) NEPA(2) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Gravity Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Gravity Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Distribution of density in the subsurface enables inference of rock type. Stratigraphic/Structural: Delineation of steeply dipping formations, geological discontinuities and faults, intrusions and large-scale deposition of silicates due to hydrothermal activity. Hydrological: Density of sedimentary rocks are strongly influenced by fluid contained within pore space. Dry bulk density refers to the rock with no moisture, while the wet bulk density accounts for water saturation; fluid content may alter density by up to 30%.(Sharma, 1997)
Rainbow gravity and scale-invariant fluctuations
We re-examine a recently proposed scenario where the deformed dispersion relations associated with a flow of the spectral dimension to a UV value of 2 leads to a scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological fluctuations, without the need for inflation. In that scenario Einstein gravity was assumed. The theory displays a wavelength-dependent speed of light but by transforming to a suitable "rainbow frame" this feature can be removed, at the expense of modifying gravity. We find that the ensuing rainbow gravity theory is such that gravity switches off at high energy (or at least leads to a universal conformal coupling). This explains why the fluctuations are scale-invariant on all scales: there is no horizon scale as such. For dispersion relations that do not lead to exact scale invariance we find instead esoteric inflation in the rainbow frame. We argue that these results shed light on the behaviour of gravity under the phenomenon of dimensional reduction.
Giovanni Amelino-Camelia; Michele Arzano; Giulia Gubitosi; Joao Magueijo
Solar System constraints to nonminimally coupled gravity
We extend the analysis of Chiba, Smith and Erickcek \\cite{CSE} of Solar System constraints on $f(R)$ gravity to a class of nonminimally coupled (NMC) theories of gravity. These generalize $f(R)$ theories by replacing the action functional of General Relativity (GR) with a more general form involving two functions $f^1(R)$ and $f^2(R)$ of the Ricci scalar curvature $R$. While the function $f^1(R)$ is a nonlinear term in the action, analogous to $f(R)$ gravity, the function $f^2(R)$ yields a NMC between the matter Lagrangian density $\\LL_m$ and the scalar curvature. The developed method allows for obtaining constraints on the admissible classes of functions $f^1(R)$ and $f^2(R)$, by requiring that predictions of NMC gravity are compatible with Solar System tests of gravity. We apply this method to a NMC model which accounts for the observed accelerated expansion of the Universe.
Orfeu Bertolami; Riccardo March; Jorge P�ramos
A new approach to quantum gravity
A new idea of quantum gravity is developed based on Gravitational Complementary Principle. This principle states that gravity has dual complement features: The quantum and classical aspects of gravity are complement and absolutely separated by the planck length into planckian and over-planckian domains, respectively. The classical Einstein equations are correct at the fundamental level at over-planckian domain and general relativity is not a low energy limit of a more fundamental theory. The quantum gravity is totally confined to the planckian domain with a new kind of ultra-short range interaction, mediated by massive (Planck mass) particles, through the virtual microscopic wormholes of the Planck scale with action �h. There is no room for gravitons or extra dimensions in ?e-mail:email@example.com 1this scenario. It is shown that the hierarchy problem can solve the cosmological constant problem via this new quantum gravity. 2 1
F. Darabi
Airborne Gravity Survey | Open Energy Information
Airborne Gravity Survey Airborne Gravity Survey Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Airborne Gravity Survey Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Geophysical Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Gravity Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Gravity Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Distribution of density in the subsurface enables inference of rock type. Stratigraphic/Structural: Delineation of steeply dipping formations, geological discontinuities and faults, intrusions and the deposition of silicates due to hydrothermal activity. Hydrological: Density of sedimentary rocks are strongly influenced by fluid contained within pore space. Dry bulk density refers to the rock with no moisture, while the wet bulk density accounts for water saturation; fluid content may alter density by up to 30%.(Sharma, 1997)
Ground Gravity Survey At Cove Fort Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2002) | Open
Jump to: navigation, search Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Ground Gravity Survey At Cove Fort Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2002) Exploration Activity Details Location Cove Fort Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Ground Gravity Survey Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes The project at Cove Fort/Sulphurdale in Utah, T26S R6/7W, is concerned with locating and drilling a 900-meter well to explore the western extension of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale geothermal area. The geophysical exploration consisted of resistivity, ground magnetic, and microgravity surveys that were made to site the well in an optimum location. References N. R. Warpinski, A. R. Sattlerl, D. A. Sanchez (2002) Geothermal Resource Exploration And Definition Project
Definition of Energy Efficiency
Energy Users Energy Efficiency Page Energy Efficiency Definition Energy Users Energy Efficiency Page Energy Efficiency Definition Energy Efficiency: Definition Stairs) "Take the Stairs--Be More Energy Efficient" Person A interprets the sign as the "true" definition of energy efficiency. To Person A, the elevator is not being used. He is still getting to where he wants to go and using less energy in doing so. Person B considers the fact that she is not getting to where she is going with the same ease. She does not believe that she is being energy efficient, but instead she believes that she is "conserving energy" at a reduced level of service-she has to walk instead of ride. When it comes to trying to define "to be energy efficient" or "energy efficiency", there does not seem to be a single commonly-accepted definition of energy efficiency. Along the lines of Person B's thinking, it is generally thought that an increase in energy efficiency is when either energy inputs are reduced for a given level of service, or there are increased or enhanced services for a given amount of energy inputs.
Exact Solutions in Massive Gravity
Massive gravity is a good theoretical laboratory to study modifications of General Relativity. The theory offers a concrete set-up to study models of dark energy, since it admits cosmological self-accelerating solutions in the vacuum, in which the size of the acceleration depends on the graviton mass. Moreover, non-linear gravitational self-interactions, in the proximity of a matter source, manage to mimic the predictions of linearised General Relativity, hence agreeing with solar-system precision measurements. In this article, we review our work in the subject, classifying, on one hand, static solutions, and on the other hand, self-accelerating backgrounds. For what respects static solutions we exhibit black hole configurations, together with other solutions that recover General Relativity near a source via the Vainshtein mechanism. For the self-accelerating solutions we describe a wide class of cosmological backgrounds, including an analysis of their stability.
Gianmassimo Tasinato; Kazuya Koyama; Gustavo Niz
Emergent Horava gravity in graphene
First of all, we reconsider the tight - binding model of monolayer graphene, in which the variations of the hopping parameters are allowed. We demonstrate that the emergent 2D Weitzenbock geometry as well as the emergent U(1) gauge field appear. The emergent gauge field is equal to the linear combination of the components of the zweibein. Therefore, we actually deal with the gauge fixed version of the emergent 2+1 D teleparallel gravity. In particular, we work out the case, when the variations of the hopping parameters are due to the elastic deformations, and relate the elastic deformations with the emergent zweibein. Next, we investigate the tight - binding model with the varying intralayer hopping parameters for the multilayer graphene with the ABC stacking. In this case the emergent 2D Weitzenbock geometry and the emergent U(1) gauge field appear as well, the emergent low energy effective field theory has the anisotropic scaling.
G. E. Volovik; M. A. Zubkov
Non-Gaussian Stochastic Gravity
This paper presents a new, non-Gaussian formulation of stochastic gravity by incorporating the higher moments of the fluctuations of the quantum stress energy tensor for a free quantum scalar field in a consistent way. A scheme is developed for obtaining realizations of these fluctuations in terms of the Wightman function, and the behavior of the fluctuations is investigated. The resulting probability distribution for fluctuations of the energy density in Minkowski spacetime is found to be similar to a shifted Gamma distribution. This distribution features a minimum energy density cutoff at a small negative value, but a sharp peak in the vicinity of this cutoff such that the total probability of observing a negative value is approximately 62%, balanced by correspondingly larger but rarer positive values.
Jason D. Bates
Nonlinear Fluid Dynamics from Gravity
Black branes in AdS5 appear in a four parameter family labeled by their velocity and temperature. Promoting these parameters to Goldstone modes or collective coordinate fields -- arbitrary functions of the coordinates on the boundary of AdS5 -- we use Einstein's equations together with regularity requirements and boundary conditions to determine their dynamics. The resultant equations turn out to be those of boundary fluid dynamics, with specific values for fluid parameters. Our analysis is perturbative in the boundary derivative expansion but is valid for arbitrary amplitudes. Our work may be regarded as a derivation of the nonlinear equations of boundary fluid dynamics from gravity. As a concrete application we find an explicit expression for the expansion of this fluid stress tensor including terms up to second order in the derivative expansion.
Sayantani Bhattacharyya; Veronika E Hubeny; Shiraz Minwalla; Mukund Rangamani
Category:ISGAN Definitions | Open Energy Information
ISGAN Definitions ISGAN Definitions Jump to: navigation, search ISGAN logo.png Looking for the ISGAN Smart Grid Glossary? For a user-friendly list of definitions, please visit the ISGAN Smart Grid Glossary. Add.png Add a Smart Grid definition Pages in category "ISGAN Definitions" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 238 total. (previous 200) (next 200) A Definition:Adaptive Protection Definition:Adjacent Balancing Authority Definition:Advanced Interrupting Switch Definition:Advanced Metering Infrastructure (Ami) / Smart Meters Definition:Adverse Reliability Impact Definition:Altitude Correction Factor Definition:Ancillary Service Definition:Ancillary Services Revenue Definition:Anti-Aliasing Filter Definition:Area Control Error Definition:Arranged Interchange
Dark Energy and Modified Gravity
Explanations of the late-time cosmic acceleration within the framework of general relativity are plagued by difficulties. General relativistic models are mostly based on a dark energy field with fine-tuned, unnatural properties. There is a great variety of models, but all share one feature in common -- an inability to account for the gravitational properties of the vacuum energy, and a failure to solve the so-called coincidence problem. Two broad alternatives to dark energy have emerged as candidate models: these typically address only the coincidence problem and not the vacuum energy problem. The first is based on general relativity and attempts to describe the acceleration as an effect of inhomogeneity in the universe. If this alternative could be shown to work, then it would provide a dramatic resolution of the coincidence problem; however, a convincing demonstration of viability has not yet emerged. The second alternative is based on infra-red modifications to general relativity, leading to a weakening of gravity on the largest scales and thus to acceleration. Most examples investigated so far are scalar-tensor or brane-world models, and we focus on the simplest candidates of each type: $f(R)$ models and DGP models respectively. Both of these provide a new angle on the problem, but they also face serious difficulties. However, investigation of these models does lead to valuable insights into the properties of gravity and structure formation, and it also leads to new strategies for testing the validity of General Relativity itself on cosmological scales.
Definitions of Words with Special Meanings
DEFINITIONS OF WORDS WITH SPECIAL MEANINGS. Definitions of Words with Special Meanings. This section of the VVSG ...
Ph.D.Thesis Binary inversion of gravity
Ph.D.Thesis Binary inversion of gravity data for salt imaging Richard A. Krahenbuhl Center for Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Studies Colorado School of Mines Department of Geophysics Colorado School of gravity data for salt imaging Richard A. Krahenbuhl Center for Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Studies
Minimum Experimental Standards in the Laboratory Search for Gravity Effects
Peer?reviewed reports of experimental modifications of gravity over rotating superconductors (Podkletnov
H. Reiss; G. Hathaway
Gravity and General Relativity at KCL D C Robinson
Gravity and General Relativity at KCL D C Robinson Mathematics Department King's College London Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK. February 22, 2011 1 The study of gravity at KCL Research on gravity has been, an approach to New- tonian gravity similar to his field theory formulation of electromagnetism published
Bushnell, Colin J.
Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment Hydrology, Earth Science and Climate
GRACE Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment Hydrology, Earth Science and Climate Ole Baltazar of blood cell Delivers 10-Day / Monthly gravity field From 2002 Onwards Study gravity field changes | side 6 Range responds to Gravity #12;GRACE science results | 28. November 2007 | OA | side 7 Variations
Mosegaard, Klaus
Generalised Wick Transform in Dimensionally Reduced Gravity
In the context of canonical quantum gravity, we study an alternative real quantisation scheme, which is arising by relating simpler Riemannian quantum theory to the more complicated physical Lorentzian theory - the generalised Wick transform. On the symmetry reduced models, homogenous Bianchi cosmology and 2+1 gravity, we investigate its generalised construction principle, demonstrate that the emerging quantum theory is equivalent to the one obtained from standard quantisation and how to obtain physical states in Lorentzian gravity from Wick transforming solutions of Riemannian quantum theory.
B. Hartmann; J. Wisniewski
Dark Energy from Brane-world Gravity
Summary. Recent observations provide strong evidence that the universe is accelerating. This confronts theory with a severe challenge. Explanations of the acceleration within the framework of general relativity are plagued by difficulties. General relativistic models require a �dark energy � field with effectively negative pressure. An alternative to dark energy is that gravity itself may behave differently from general relativity on the largest scales, in such a way as to produce acceleration. The alternative approach of modified gravity also faces severe difficulties, but does provide a new angle on the problem. This review considers an example of modified gravity, provided by brane-world models that self-accelerate at late times. 1 1
Roy Maartens
Consistent matter couplings for Plebanski gravity
We develop a scheme for the minimal coupling of all standard types of tensor and spinor field matter to Plebanski gravity. This theory is a geometric reformulation of vacuum general relativity in terms of two-form frames and connection one-forms, and provides a covariant basis for various quantization approaches. Using the spinor formalism we prove the consistency of the newly proposed matter coupling by demonstrating the full equivalence of Plebanski gravity plus matter to Einstein-Cartan gravity. As a by-product we also show the consistency of some previous suggestions for matter actions.
Tennie, Felix; Wohlfarth, Mattias N. R. [Zentrum fuer Mathematische Physik und II. Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg (Germany)
Gravity as BF theory plus potential
Spin foam models of quantum gravity are based on Plebanski's formulation of general relativity as a constrained BF theory. We give an alternative formulation of gravity as BF theory plus a certain potential term for the B-field. When the potential is taken to be infinitely steep one recovers general relativity. For a generic potential the theory still describes gravity in that it propagates just two graviton polarizations. The arising class of theories is of the type amenable to spin foam quantization methods, and, we argue, may allow one to come to terms with renormalization in the spin foam context.
Kirill Krasnov
Reduced Gravity Education Flight Opportunity for Students at Minority
Reduced Gravity Education Flight Opportunity for Students at Reduced Gravity Education Flight Opportunity for Students at Minority Serving Institutions Reduced Gravity Education Flight Opportunity for Students at Minority Serving Institutions March 21, 2013 - 5:21pm Addthis Reduced Gravity Education Flight Opportunity for Students at Minority Serving Institutions NASA is offering undergraduate students from Minority Serving Institutions an opportunity to test experiments in microgravity aboard NASA's reduced gravity aircraft. This opportunity is a partnership between the Minority University Research and Education Program and NASA's Reduced Gravity Education Flight Program, which gives aspiring explorers a chance to propose, design and fabricate a reduced-gravity experiment. Selected teams will test and evaluate their
Selective Enumeration A Formal Definition
Selective Enumeration A Formal Definition Craig A. Damon January, 1998 CMUCS98104 School, specification checking, constraint satisfaction. #12; Abstract Selective enumeration is a method for reducing. This paper gives a formal definition of selective enumeration and using that definition, proves soundness
Gravity Waves in a Horizontal Shear Flow. Part II: Interaction between Gravity Waves and Potential Vorticity Perturbations
Gravity Waves in a Horizontal Shear Flow. Part II: Interaction between Gravity Waves and Potential perturbations and propagating internal gravity waves in a horizon- tally sheared zonal flow is investigated. In the strong stratification limit, an initial vorticity perturbation weakly excites two propagating gravity
Farrell, Brian F.
Generation of Turbulence by Atmospheric Gravity Waves
The standard current criterion for the generation of turbulence by atmospheric gravity waves and for the associated limitation on wave growth is based upon the standard criterion for static instability of the unperturbed atmosphere, namely, that ...
Colin O. Hines
Observations of a Mesoscale Ducted Gravity Wave
This paper reports coordinated observations of a mesoscale gravity wave made during the FRONTS 84 field experiment conducted in southwestern France in the summer of 1984. The observations were unique in the sense that all relevant wave ...
F. M. Ralph; V. Venkateswaran; M. Crochet
Filtering of Gravity Modes in Atmospheric Models
The impact of gravity modes in atmospheric model predictions is assessed quantitatively by comparing integrations with a normal mode initialized primitive equation model and its corresponding pseudogeostrophic form to document some generally ...
F. Baer; J. J. Tribbia
Stochastic Parameterization of Gravity Wave Stresses
Selective transmission of gravity waves into the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere leads to the generation of mean flows opposite to those below. This interaction is addressed in the context of a simplified transient, stochastic, ...
Timothy J. Dunkerton
Finite temperature R-squared quantum gravity
The quantum gravity path integral's measure can be written as the product of classical backgrounds and quantum fluctuations about each background. After proving that fluctuations about the background do not diffuse in Hilbert space and obey the laws of many-body statistics, their probability distributions, entropy, and expected background are determined. This background obeys expectation-valued Einstein equations and features an entropy-based positive cosmological constant. From the fluctuation probability distributions, a finite temperature, R-squared, quantum gravity path integral is constructed whose action presents an interaction picture of quantum gravity that `moves with' the expected background in Hilbert space. Within this interaction picture of quantum fluctuations about an expected background, the fields required to describe quantum gravity have been transformed into `ordinary' quantum fields propagating on this `rigid' or `fixed' expected background. Back-reaction has been fully accounted for, and the quantum formulation is manifestly background independent.
C. D. Burton
Internal Gravity Wave Generation and Hydrodynamic Instability
Two mechanisms are proposed whereby internal gravity waves (IGW) may radiate from a linearly unstable region of Boussinesq parallel flow that is characterized in the far field by constant horizontal velocity and Brunt-V�is�l� frequency. Through ...
B. R. Sutherland; C. P. Caulfield; W. R. Peltier
Earthlings : humanity's essential relationship with gravity
A realm of serious scientific questions about gravity's role in biology is being researched in labs around the world, from NASA's Dryden Research Laboratories in the Mohave Desert, to Japan's Radioisotope Center at the ...
Vargas Medina, Iris M�nica
Energy conditions in f(R)-gravity
In order to shed some light on the current discussion about f(R)-gravity theories we derive and discuss the bounds imposed by the energy conditions on a general f(R) functional form. The null and strong energy conditions in this framework are derived from the Raychaudhuri's equation along with the requirement that gravity is attractive, whereas the weak and dominant energy conditions are stated from a comparison with the energy conditions that can be obtained in a direct approach via an effective energy-momentum tensor for f(R)-gravity. As a concrete application of the energy conditions to locally homogeneous and isotropic f(R)-cosmology, the recent estimated values of the deceleration and jerk parameters are used to examine the bounds from the weak energy condition on the parameters of two families of f(R)-gravity theories.
J. Santos; J. S. Alcaniz; M. J. Reboucas; F. C. Carvalho
Effect of Nonlinearity on Atmospheric Gravity Waves
The weakly nonlinear limit of two-dimensional gravity waves in an incompressible, inviscid and stably stratified atmosphere is studied. The three-wave resonant interaction theory indicates an energy cascade from a vertically propagating wave (...
Mostafa M. Ibrahim
Inertia�Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere
The propagation and refraction of stationary inertia�gravity waves in the winter stratosphere is examined with ray tracing. Due to their smaller vertical group velocity these waves experience more lateral ray movement and horizontal refraction ...
Quantum gravity and renormalization: The tensor track
We propose a new program to quantize and renormalize gravity based on recent progress on the analysis of large random tensors. We compare it briefly with other existing approaches.
Rivasseau, Vincent [Laboratoire de Physique Theorique, CNRS UMR 8627 Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay (France)
Santos, J; Rebou�as, M J; Carvalho, F C
Probes of strong-field gravity
In this thesis, I investigate several ways to probe gravity in the strong-field regime. These investigations focus on observables from the gravitational dynamics, i.e. when time derivatives are large: thus I focus on sources ...
Stein, Leo Chaim
Observationally Verifiable Predictions of Modified Gravity
MOG is a fully relativistic modified theory of gravity based on an action principle. The MOG field equations are exactly solvable numerically in two important cases. In the spherically symmetric
J. W. Moffat; V. T. Toth
SUSY QM meets 5d Gravity
We report hidden quantum mechanical supersymmetry structure in five-dimensional gravity with the Randall-Sundrum background. We show that two N=2 supersymmetries are hidden in the spectrum.
Ohya, Satoshi
Dynamical Foundations of the Brane Induced Gravity
We present a comprehensive formalism to derive precise expressions for the induced gravity of the braneworld, assuming the dynamics of the Dirac-Nambu-Goto type. The quantum fluctuations of the brane at short distances give rise to divergences, which should be cutoff at the scale of the inverse thickness of the brane. It turns out that the induced-metric formula is converted into an Einstein-like equation via the quantum effects. We determine the coefficients of the induced cosmological and gravity terms, as well as those of the terms including the extrinsic curvature and the normal connection gauge field. The latter is the characteristic of the brane induced gravity theory, distinguished from ordinary none-brane induced gravity.
Keiichi Akama; Takashi Hattori
Shear Excitation of Atmospheric Gravity Waves
Unstable Velocity shears are a Common source of vertically propagating gravity waves in the atmosphere. However, the growth rates of unstable modes predicted by linear theory cannot always amount for their observed importance.
David C. Fritts
Thermodynamics of space quanta models quantum gravity
Canonically quantized 3+1 general relativity with the global one dimensionality (1D) conjecture defines the model, which dimensionally reduced and secondary quantized yields the 1D quantum field theory wherein generic one-point correlations create physical scales. This simple quantum gravity model, however, can be developed in a wider sense. In this paper we propose to consider ab initio thermodynamics of space quanta as the quantum gravity phenomenology. The thermodynamics is constructed in the entropic formalism.
L. A. Glinka
Localizing gravity on exotic thick 3-branes
We consider localization of gravity on thick branes with a nontrivial structure. Double walls that generalize the thick Randall-Sundrum solution, and asymmetric walls that arise from a Z{sub 2} symmetric scalar potential, are considered. We present a new asymmetric solution: a thick brane interpolating between two AdS{sub 5} spacetimes with different cosmological constants, which can be derived from a 'fake supergravity' superpotential, and show that it is possible to confine gravity on such branes.
Castillo-Felisola, Oscar [Centro de Fisica Fundamental, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela); International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34100 Trieste (Italy); Melfo, Alejandra; Pantoja, Nelson; Ramirez, Alba [Centro de Fisica Fundamental, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela)
Towards Gravity-Gauge-Higgs Unification
We discuss a possibility to solve the gauge hierarchy problem in the framework of Gravity-Gauge-Higgs Unification scenario. We have calculated 1-loop correction to the mass of the scalar field, which is originated from 55-component of the metric, in five dimensional gravity theory with the bulk scalar field compactified on S^1. It is shown that the quadratic divergences are canceled and the finite mass is generated by explicit diagrammatic calculations and the effective potential calculations.
K. Hasegawa; C. S. Lim; Nobuhito Maru
Assessing Hypothetical Gravity Control Propulsion
Gauging the benefits of hypothetical gravity control propulsion is difficult, but addressable. The major challenge is that such breakthroughs are still only notional concepts rather than being specific methods from which performance can be rigorously quantified. A recent assessment by Tajmar and Bertolami used the rocket equation to correct naive misconceptions, but a more fundamental analysis requires the use of energy as the basis for comparison. The energy of a rocket is compared to an idealized space drive for the following cases: Earth-to-orbit, interstellar transit, and levitation. The space drive uses 3.6 times less energy for Earth to orbit. For deep space travel, space drive energy scales as the square of delta-v, while rocket energy scales exponentially. This has the effect of rendering a space drive 150-orders-of-magnitude better than a 17,000-sec Specific Impulse rocket for sending a modest 5000 kg probe to traverse 5 light-years in 50 years. Indefinite levitation, which is impossible for a rocket, could conceivably require 62 MJ/kg for a space drive. Assumption sensitivities and further analysis options are listed to guide further inquires.
Marc G. Millis
Quantum gravity and inventory accumulation
We begin by studying inventory accumulation at a LIFO (last-in-first-out) retailer with two products. In the simplest version, the following occur with equal probability at each time step: first product ordered, first product produced, second product ordered, second product produced. The inventory thus evolves as a simple random walk on Z^2. In more interesting versions, a p fraction of customers orders the "freshest available" product regardless of type. We show that the corresponding random walks scale to Brownian motions with diffusion matrices depending on p. We then turn our attention to the critical Fortuin-Kastelyn random planar map model, which gives, for each q>0, a probability measure on random (discretized) two-dimensional surfaces decorated by loops, related to the q-state Potts model. A longstanding open problem is to show that as the discretization gets finer, the surfaces converge in law to a limiting (loop-decorated) random surface. The limit is expected to be a Liouville quantum gravity surface decorated by a conformal loop ensemble, with parameters depending on q. Thanks to a bijection between decorated planar maps and inventory trajectories (closely related to bijections of Bernardi and Mullin), our results about the latter imply convergence of the former in a particular topology. A phase transition occurs at p = 1/2, q=4.
Scott Sheffield
Notes and Definitions
Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report (EIA)
Notes and Definitions Notes and Definitions This report tracks U.S. natural gas inventories held in underground storage facilities. The weekly stocks generally are the volumes of working gas as of the report date. Changes in reported stock levels reflect all events affecting working gas in storage, including injections, withdrawals, and reclassifications between base and working gas. Totals may not match sum of components because of independent rounding. The complete documentation of EIA's estimation methodology is available in the report, Methodology for EIA Weekly Underground Natural Gas Storage Estimates. Information about the method used to prepare weekly data to compute the 5-year averages, maxima, minima, and year-ago values for the weekly report can be found in Computing the 5-year Averages, Maxima, Minima, and Year-Ago
Initiation and stable crack growth behavior of API X70 steel at low temperatures (25C [>=] T [>=] [minus]95C)
Small-scale tests employing single edge notch bend (SENB) specimens of API X70 pipeline steel were conducted to assess the initiation and stable growth behavior of this material at test temperatures between 25C and [minus]95C. Material resistance curves were generated based on various proposed J-integral and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) relationships and criteria for defining crack initiation and stable growth. DC potential drop crack growth monitoring was employed to provide crack propagation data for development of the resistance curves. The temperature dependence of crack initiation and stable growth properties of this material are quantified and presented. Verification of the temperature independence of the normalized J or CTOD tearing modulus is also provided.
Romilly, D.P. (Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (Canada). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering)
Scattering in Topologically Massive Gravity, Chiral Gravity and the corresponding Anyon-Anyon Potential Energy
We compute the tree-level scattering amplitude between two covariantly conserved sources in generic Cosmological Topologically Massive Gravity augmented with a Fierz-Pauli term that has three massive degrees of freedom. We consider the Chiral Gravity limit in the anti-de Sitter space as well as the limit of Flat-Space Chiral Gravity. We show that Chiral Gravity cannot be unitarily deformed with a Fierz-Pauli mass. We calculate the non-relativistic potential energy between two point-like spinning sources. In addition to the expected mass-mass and spin-spin interactions, there are mass-spin interactions due to the presence of the gravitational Chern-Simons term which induces spin for any massive object and turns it to an anyon. We also show that the tree-level scattering is trivial for the Flat-Space Chiral Gravity.
Dengiz, Suat; Tekin, Bayram
A three-dimensional gravity model of the geologic structure of Long Valley caldera
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Several attempts to define and interpret this anomaly have been made in the past using 2-D and 3-D models. None of the previous interpretations have yielded definitive results, but in fairness, the interpretation here has benefited from a larger gravity data base and more subsurface control than available to previous workers. All published 3-D models simplistically assumed constant density of fill. All 2-D models suffered from the inherent three-dimensionality of the complicated density structure of Long Valley caldera. In addition, previous interpreters have lacked access to geological data, such as well lithologies and density logs, seismic refraction interpretations, suface geology, and structural geology interpretations. The purpose of this study is to use all available gravity data and geological information to constrain a multi-unit, 3-D density model based on the geology of Long Valley caldera and its vicinity. Insights on the geologic structure of the caldera fill can help other geophysical interpretations in determining near-surface effects so that deeper structure may be resolved. With adequate control on the structure of the caldera fill, we are able to examine the gravity data for the presence of deeper density anomalies in the crust. 20 refs., 7 figs.
Carle, S.F.; Goldstein, N.E.
Powerful evidences for supporting the claim that gamma-ray burst redshifts are gravity-generated
At present, it is widely believed that the phenomenon of the gamma-ray burst redshift is cosmological origin. From a theoretical point of view, this redshift has either a cosmological or a cause that is related to gravity. However, the question of whether the gamma-ray burst redshift has a cosmological origin or not should be answerable in no uncertain terms because both the spectrum characteristics and the count distribution law arising from the two distinct settings are completely different. If the redshift of GRB is generated by gravity, then the afterglow spectrum will certainly contain both the gravitational redshits (containing emission and absorption feature) and Doppler absorption redshift, and hold a definite relation between the two redshifts. In this paper, we present nine direct and decisive evidences to show that the gamma-ray burst redshift is indeed generated by gravity of neutron stars in their merging process; in which, 114 GRBs' redshifts showed that the statistical count distribution law for the two kinds redshift is the same (with errors less than 1.5%), and 74 spectral line redshifts of two GRBs showed that the relation between the two kinds redshift is completely correct (with errors less than 0.0061%).
Fu-Gao Song
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Fuel Fuel Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Alternative Fuel Definition The definition of an alternative fuel includes natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity, hydrogen, fuel mixtures containing not less
Gravity model studies of Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Newberry, Volcano, a large Quaternary volcano located about 60 km east of the axis of the High Cascades volcanoes in central Oregon, has a coincident positive residual gravity anomaly of about 12 mGals. Model calculations of the gravity anomaly field suggest that the volcano is underlain by an intrusive complex of mafic composition of about 20-km diameter and 2-km thickness, at depths above 4 km below sea level. However, uplifted basement in a northwest trending ridge may form part of the underlying excess mass, thus reducing the volume of the subvolcanic intrusive. A ring dike of mafic composition is inferred to intrude to near-surface levels along the caldera ring fractures, and low-density fill of the caldera floor probably has a thickness of 0.7--0.9 km. The gravity anomaly attributable to the volcano is reduced to the east across a north-northwest trending gravity anomaly gradient through Newberry caldera and suggests that normal, perhaps extensional, faulting has occurred subsequent to caldera formation and may have controlled the location of some late-stage basaltic and rhyolitic eruptions. Significant amounts of felsic intrusive material may exist above the mafic intrusive zone but cannot be resolved by the gravity data.
Gettings, M.E.; Griscom, A.
Definition: FLIR | Open Energy Information
on military and civilian aircraft, use an imaging technology that senses infrared radiation at wavelengths between 3-12 micrometers.1 View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition...
Definition: Volume | Open Energy Information
contained within a specified three-dimensional space.1 View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary,...
Definition: Fault | Open Energy Information
Definition Related Terms system, power, electricity generation References Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An in LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign...
Definition: Fumaroles | Open Energy Information
Fumaroles An opening in the earth's crust, typically near a volcano, in which steam and hot sulfurous gasses are discharged. View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Ret...
Problems with Mannheim's conformal gravity program
We show that Mannheim's conformal gravity program, whose potential has a term proportional to $1/r$ and another term proportional to $r$, does not reduce to Newtonian gravity at short distances, unless one assumes undesirable singularities of the mass density of the proton. Therefore, despite the claim that it successfully explains galaxy rotation curves, unless one assumes the singularities, it seems to be falsified by numerous Cavendish-type experiments performed at laboratories on Earth whose work have not found any deviations from Newton's theory. Moreover, it can be shown that as long as the total mass of the proton is positive, Mannheim's conformal gravity program leads to negative linear potential, which is problematic from the point of view of fitting galaxy rotation curves, which necessarily requires positive linear potential.
Youngsub Yoon
We apply a von Zeipel gravity darkening model to corotating binaries to obtain a simple, analytical expression for the emergent radiative flux from a tidally distorted primary orbiting a point-mass secondary. We adopt a simple Roche model to determine the envelope structure of the primary, assumed massive and centrally condensed, and use the results to calculate the flux. As for single rotating stars, gravity darkening reduces the flux along the stellar equator of the primary, but, unlike for rotating stars, we find that gravity brightening enhances the flux in a region around the stellar poles. We identify a critical limiting separation beyond which hydrostatic equilibrium no longer is possible, whereby the flux vanishes at the point on the stellar equator of the primary facing the companion. For equal-mass binaries, the total luminosity is reduced by about 13% when this limiting separation is reached.
White, Helen E.; Baumgarte, Thomas W. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011 (United States); Shapiro, Stuart L. [Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States)
Quantum gravity effects in the Kerr spacetime
We analyze the impact of the leading quantum gravity effects on the properties of black holes with nonzero angular momentum by performing a suitable renormalization group improvement of the classical Kerr metric within quantum Einstein gravity. In particular, we explore the structure of the horizons, the ergosphere, and the static limit surfaces as well as the phase space available for the Penrose process. The positivity properties of the effective vacuum energy-momentum tensor are also discussed and the 'dressing' of the black hole's mass and angular momentum are investigated by computing the corresponding Komar integrals. The pertinent Smarr formula turns out to retain its classical form. As for their thermodynamical properties, a modified first law of black-hole thermodynamics is found to be satisfied by the improved black holes (to second order in the angular momentum); the corresponding Bekenstein-Hawking temperature is not proportional to the surface gravity.
Reuter, M. [Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55099 Mainz (Germany); Tuiran, E. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 via a Puerto Colombia, AA-1569 Barranquilla (Colombia)
An Ultrasimple Spectral Parameterization for Nonorographic Gravity Waves
This paper describes a new computationally efficient, ultrasimple nonorographic spectral gravity wave parameterization model. Its predictions compare favorably, though not perfectly, with a model of gravity wave propagation and breaking that ...
C. D. Warner; M. E. McIntyre
Correlation Between Precision Gravity and Subsidence Measurements at Cerro Prieto
PRECISION GRAVITY AND SUBSIDENCE MEASUREMENTS AT CERROPRECISION GRAVITY AND SUBSIDENCE MEASUREMENTS AT CERROn d i c a t e s t h a t subsidence took place. Uost of t h e
Zelwer, R.
Numerical Study of Gravity Currents in a Channel
A three-dimensional primitive-equation model was used to study gravity currents produced by instantaneous releases of a buoyant fluid in a rectangular channel. Without rotation, the gravity current passes through two distinct phases: an initial ...
Dong-Ping Wang
Quantum gravity as a group field theory: a sketch
We give a very brief introduction to the group field theory approach to quantum gravity, a generalisation of matrix models for 2-dimensional quantum gravity to higher dimension, that has emerged recently from research in spin foam models.
Daniele Oriti
Linear Spectral Numerical Model for Internal Gravity Wave Propagation
A three-dimensional linear spectral numerical model is proposed to simulate the propagation of internal gravity wave fluctuations in a stably stratified atmosphere. The model is developed to get first-order estimations of gravity wave ...
J. Marty; F. Dalaudier
Linear Stratospheric Gravity Waves above Convective Thermal Forcing
The spectra of linear gravity waves generated by a time-varying tropospheric thermal forcing representing organized convection are compared to the spectra of stratospheric gravity waves generated by organized convection in a fully nonlinear two-...
Rajul E. Pandya; M. Joan Alexander
Coupling between Gravity Waves and Tropical Convection at Mesoscales
An idealized cloud-system-resolving model simulation is used to examine the coupling between a tropical cloud population and the mesoscale gravity waves that it generates. Spectral analyses of the cloud and gravity wave fields identify a clear ...
Todd P. Lane; Fuqing Zhang
New Gravity Wave Treatments for GISS Climate Models
Previous versions of GISS climate models have either used formulations of Rayleigh drag to represent unresolved gravity wave interactions with the model-resolved flow or have included a rather complicated treatment of unresolved gravity waves that,...
Marvin A. Geller; Tiehan Zhou; Reto Ruedy; Igor Aleinov; Larissa Nazarenko; Nikolai L. Tausnev; Shan Sun; Maxwell Kelley; Ye Cheng
Influence of Gravity Waves in the Tropical Upwelling: WACCM Simulations
The annual cycle of tropical upwelling and contributions by planetary and gravity waves are investigated from climatological simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) including three gravity wave drag (GWD) ...
Hye-Yeong Chun; Young-Ha Kim; Hyun-Joo Choi; Jung-Yoon Kim
Mobility Characterization of Planetary Rover in Reduced Gravity Environment
This paper describes effects of gravity on mobility performance of wheeled rovers for future lunar/planetary exploration missions. A series of model tests of a wheel?terrain system were performed on an aircraft during variable gravity maneuvers
Taizo Kobayashi; Hidetoshi Ochiai; Junya Yamakawa; Shigeru Aoki; Kai Matsui; Akira Miyahara
An Unusually Strong Gravity Wave over Western Washington
A mesoscale wave disturbance, observed over western Washington State, is studied through local observations and recognized by comparisons with theory as a large-amplitude gravity wave. It is shown that this gravity wave propagated over 200 km in ...
Bruce H. Bauck
Rapid gravity and gravity gradiometry terrain correction via adaptive quadtree mesh discretization Kristofer Davis, M. Andy Kass, and Yaoguo Li, Center for Gravity, Electrical and Magnetic Studies, Colorado School
Rapid gravity and gravity gradiometry terrain correction via adaptive quadtree mesh discretization Kristofer Davis, M. Andy Kass, and Yaoguo Li, Center for Gravity, Electrical and Magnetic Studies, Colorado School of Mines SUMMARY We present a method for modeling the terrain response in gravity and gravity
Proper Time Flow Equation for Gravity
We analyze a proper time renormalization group equation for Quantum Einstein Gravity in the Einstein-Hilbert truncation and compare its predictions to those of the conceptually different exact renormalization group equation of the effective average action. We employ a smooth infrared regulator of a special type which is known to give rise to extremely precise critical exponents in scalar theories. We find perfect consistency between the proper time and the average action renormalization group equations. In particular the proper time equation, too, predicts the existence of a non-Gaussian fixed point as it is necessary for the conjectured nonperturbative renormalizability of Quantum Einstein Gravity.
Bonanno, A
Energy Distribution in f(R) Gravity
The well-known energy problem is discussed in f(R) theory of gravity. We use the generalized Landau-Lifshitz energy-momentum complex in the framework of metric f(R) gravity to evaluate the energy density of plane symmetric solutions for some general f(R) models. In particular, this quantity is found for some popular choices of f(R) models. The constant scalar curvature condition and the stability condition for these models are also discussed. Further, we investigate the energy distribution of cosmic string spacetime.
Sharif, M
M. Sharif; M. Farasat Shamir
Gravity waves from vortex dipoles and jets
The dissertation first investigates gravity wave generation and propagation from jets within idealized vortex dipoles using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. Several initially balanced and localized jets induced by vortex dipoles are examined here. Within these dipoles, inertia-gravity waves with intrinsic frequencies 1-2 times the Coriolis parameter are simulated in the jet exit region. The ray tracing analysis reveals strong variation of wave characteristics along ray paths. The dependence of wave amplitude on the Rossby number is examined through experiments in which the two vortices are initially separated by a large distance but subsequently approach each other and form a vortex dipole with an associated amplifying localized jet. The amplitude of stationary gravity waves in the simulations with a 90-km grid spacing increases nearly linearly with the square of the Rossby number but significantly more rapidly when smaller grid spacing is used. To further address the source mechanism of the gravity waves within the vortex dipole, a linear numerical framework is developed based on the framework proposed by Plougonven and Zhang (2007). Using the nonlinearly balanced fields as the basic state and driven by three types of large scale forcing, the vorticity, divergence and thermodynamic forcing, this linear model is utilized to obtain linear wave responses. The wave packets in the linear responses compare reasonably well with the MM5 simulated gravity waves. It is suggested that the vorticity forcing is the leading contribution to both gravity waves in the jet exit region and the ascent/descent feature in the jet core. This linear model is also adopted to study inertia-gravity waves in the vicinity of a baroclinic jet during the life cycle of an idealized baroclinic wave. It is found that the thermodynamic forcing and the vorticity forcing are equally important to the gravity waves in the low stratosphere, but the divergence forcing is again playing a lesser role. Two groups of wave packets are present in the linear responses; their sources appear to locate either near the surface front or near the middle/upper tropospheric jet.
Wang, Shuguang
Master EM Project Definition Rating Index - Traditional (Conventional) Definitions
17 Master EM Project Definition Rating Index - Traditional (Conventional) Definitions The following definitions describe the criteria required to achieve a maximum rating or maturity value of 5. It should be assumed that maturity values of 1-5 represent a subjective assessment of the quality of definition and/or the degree to which the end-state or maximum criteria have been met, or the product has been completed in accordance with the definition of maturity values. Rating Element Criteria for Maximum Rating COST A1 Cost Estimate A cost estimate has been developed and formally approved by DOE and is the basis for the cost baselines. The cost estimate is a reasonable approximation of Total Project Costs, and covers all phases of the project. The estimate is prepared in
Master EM Project Definition Rating Index - Facility Disposition Definitions
43 43 Master EM Project Definition Rating Index - Facility Disposition Definitions The following definitions describe the criteria required to achieve a maximum rating or maturity value of 5. It should be assumed that maturity values of 1-5 represent a subjective assessment of the quality of definition and/or the degree to which the end-state or maximum criteria have been met, or the product has been completed in accordance with the definition of maturity values. Rating Element Criteria for Maximum Rating COST A1 Cost Estimate A cost estimate has been developed and formally approved by DOE and is the basis for the cost baselines. The cost estimate is a reasonable approximation of Total Project Costs, and covers all phases of the project. The estimate is prepared in
Hypothetical Gravity Control and Implications for Spacecraft Propulsion
A scientific analysis of the conditions under which gravity could be controlled and the implications that an hypothetical manipulation of gravity would have for known schemes of space propulsion have been the scope of a recent study carried out for the European Space Agency. The underlying fundamental physical principles of known theories of gravity were analysed and shown that even if gravity could be modified it would bring somewhat modest gains in terms of launching of spacecraft and no breakthrough for space propulsion.
O. Bertolami; M. Tajmar
Ground Gravity Survey At Blue Mountain Area (Fairbank Engineering...
to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Ground Gravity Survey At Blue Mountain Area (Fairbank Engineering, 2006) Exploration Activity...
Exact solutions with noncommutative symmetries in Einstein and gauge gravity
We present new classes of exact solutions with noncommutative symmetries constructed in vacuum Einstein gravity (in general
Sergiu I. Vacaru
Materials Science in Reduced Gravity - Programmaster.org
Jul 31, 2012 ... About this Symposium. Meeting, 2013 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium, Materials Science in Reduced Gravity. Sponsorship�...
Gravity and Yang?Mills Fields: Geometrical Approaches
A new geometrical framework for a tetrad?affine formulation of gravity coupled with Yang?Mills fields is proposed.
Roberto Cianci; Stefano Vignolo
Definition of life
Definition of life Definition of life Name: Chris E Lee Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Does anyone know what is currently the most accepted idea on the characteristics needed for any kind of life? Replies: I assume since no one has answered your question in nearly a month that no one has a sufficient answer for you, so I'll take a crack at it. As far as I know, most of the accepted criteria for determining whether something is "alive" can also, at least individually, be applied to non-living things -- it's kind of difficult to say. The main points I can think of at the moment are: MOTION -- does it seem to move under its own power? Does it move with some discernible purpose? (Toward food, away from heat, etc) REPRODUCTION -- does it have some way of making more of itself, either through sexual reproduction or by budding or fissioning in some way?
Gravity Waves in Shear and Implications for Organized Convection
Gravity Waves in Shear and Implications for Organized Convection Samuel N. Stechmann Department, Los Angeles, CA 900951555. E-mail: email@example.com #12;ABSTRACT It is known that gravity, the gravity waves can create a more favorable environment on one side of preexisting convection than the other
Stechmann, Samuel N.
Tomo-gravity How to ComputeHow to Compute
Tomo-gravity How to ComputeHow to Compute Accurate Traffic Matrices forAccurate Traffic MatricesStanford Shannon LabShannon Lab #12;Tomo-gravity Want to know demands from source to destination ProblemProblem Have link traffic measurements (from SNMP) A B C #12;Tomo-gravity Example App: reliability analysis
Roughan, Matthew
Gravity Load Collapse of Building Frames during Earthquakes
Gravity Load Collapse of Building Frames during Earthquakes J. P. Moehle, K. J. Elwood, H. Sezen to frames designed primarily for gravity loads. Columns generally were not designed to have strengths capacity of the column. As the axial capacity diminishes, the gravity loads carried by the column must
Sezen, Halil
Gravity currents in two-layer stratified media
Gravity currents in two-layer stratified media Morris R. Flynn & Alan W.Tan Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, U.Alberta Funding: NSERC #12;· Gravity currents appear over a broad range of time/length scales. (1999), Flynn & Linden (2006),White & Helfrich (2008), Ungarish (2009) Introduction current gravity
Gravity Surface Wave Bifurcation in a Highly Turbulent Swirling Flow
Gravity Surface Wave Bifurcation in a Highly Turbulent Swirling Flow Michael Baumer University Gravity Wave 2 3 Measurements 3 4 Mechanical Hardware: Problems and Solutions 5 5 Results 7 6 Conclusions investigated a free-surface gravity wave bifurcation in the large-separation regime, that is, where
Witten, Thomas A.
Gravity waves excited by jets: Propagation versus generation R. Plougonven
Gravity waves excited by jets: Propagation versus generation R. Plougonven School of Mathematics September 2005. [1] Atmospheric jets are known to be an important source of inertia-gravity waves, yet mechanisms for the gravity waves, with the underlying assumption that the characteristics of the waves were
Plougonven, Riwal
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production Definitions Key Terms Definition Natural Gas Liquids Those hydrocarbons in natural gas which are separated from the gas through the processes...
Definition: Exploratory Well | Open Energy Information
Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Definition: Exploratory Well Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Exploratory Well An exploratory well is...
Definition: Well Deepening | Open Energy Information
Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Definition: Well Deepening Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Well Deepening Reentering an existing well and...
Definition: Production Wells | Open Energy Information
Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Definition: Production Wells Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Production Wells A well drilled with the...
Definition: Yaw drive | Open Energy Information
Reegle Definition No reegle definition available Related Terms Wind turbine, yaw, energy, electricity generation, turbine References http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiYawdrive...
Definitions Key Terms Definition Base Gas The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintain adequate reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the...
Definition: Firm Transmission Service | Open Energy Information
Definition No reegle definition available. Also Known As Firm services Related Terms transmission lines, electricity generation, transmission line, smart grid References ...
Definition: Ampere | Open Energy Information
Definition Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Definition: Ampere Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Ampere A unit of measure for electric current that refers to the amount of electric charge passing a point per unit of time; frequently abbreviated to "amp".[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition The ampere, often shortened to amp, is the SI unit of electric current and is one of the seven SI base units. It is named after André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836), French mathematician and physicist, considered the father of electrodynamics. In practical terms, the ampere is a measure of the amount of electric charge passing a point in an electric circuit per unit time with 6.241 × 10 electrons, or one coulomb per second constituting one ampere. The practical definition may lead to
Definition: Burden | Open Energy Information
Burden Burden Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Burden Operation of the Bulk Electric System that violates or is expected to violate a System Operating Limit or Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit in the Interconnection, or that violates any other NERC, Regional Reliability Organization, or local operating reliability standards or criteria.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Related Terms Bulk Electric System, System, Interconnection, sustainability References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Burden&oldid=493023" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions
Definition: Curtailment | Open Energy Information
Curtailment Curtailment Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Curtailment A reduction in the scheduled capacity or energy delivery of an Interchange Transaction.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Also Known As Peak Curtailment Related Terms Interchange Transaction, energy, Interchange References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An in LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. line Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Curtailment&oldid=480471" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation:
Convective Generation of Gravity Waves in Venus's Atmosphere: Gravity Wave Spectrum and Momentum Transport
The emission of internal gravity waves from a layer of dry convection embedded within a stable atmosphere with static stability and zonal winds varying in height is calculated. This theory is applied to Venus to investigate whether these waves ...
Stephen S. Leroy; Andrew P. Ingersoll
The Mars Gravity Biosatellite as an innovative partial gravity research platform
The Mars Gravity Biosatellite is an unprecedented independent spaceflight platform for gravitational biology research. With a projected first launch after 2010, the low Earth orbit satellite will support a cohort of fifteen ...
Fulford-Jones, Thaddeus R. F
Improvement of Orographic Gravity Wave Parameterization Using a Mesoscale Gravity Wave Model
Parameterization of gravity waves due to subgrid-scale orography is now included in most existing large-scale models of the atmosphere. Parameterization schemes, however, have so far been evaluated mainly in view of the overall performance of the ...
Young-Joon Kim; Akio Arakawa
Effects of Nonlinearity on Convectively Forced Internal Gravity Waves: Application to a Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization
In the present study, the authors propose a way to include a nonlinear forcing effect on the momentum flux spectrum of convectively forced internal gravity waves using a nondimensional numerical model (NDM) in a two-dimensional framework. In NDM, ...
Hye-Yeong Chun; Hyun-Joo Choi; In-Sun Song
Atmospheric Gravity Waves and Aircraft Turbulence Encounters
We describe aircraft turbulence-atmospheric gravity wave events which occurred during a 2-day period over the Continental Divide. The waves are observed by two microbarograph networks an each side of the divide and last for several hours at a ...
A. J. Bedard Jr.; F. Canavero; F. Einaudi
Heat Transfer in Superfluids: Effect of Gravity
We discuss the influence of an external field on energy transport in superfluid. He-II is not isothermal in presence of Earth gravity; instead, it supports finite temperature gradient given by a Fourier-like equation. We calculate asymptotic behavior of the effective heat resistance in the vicinity of the $\\lambda$-transition.
L. A. Melnikovsky
Charged Black Holes in New Massive Gravity
We construct charged black hole solutions to three-dimensional New Massive Gravity (NMG), by adding electromagnetic Maxwell and Chern-Simons actions. We find charged black holes in the form of warped AdS_3 and "log" solutions in specific critical point. The entropy, mass and angular momentum of these black holes are computed.
Ghodsi, Ahmad
Free Gravity Waves and Balanced Dynamics
It is shown how a renormalization technique, which is a variant of classical Krylov�Bogolyubov�Mitropol'skii averaging, can be used to obtain slow evolution equations for the vortical and inertia�gravity wave components of the dynamics in a ...
D. Wirosoetisno; T. G. Shepherd; R. M. Temam
High energy scattering in gravity and supergravity
We investigate features of perturbative gravity and supergravity by studying scattering in the ultraplanckian limit, and sharpen arguments that the dynamics is governed by long-distance physics. A simple example capturing aspects of the eikonal resummation suggests why short distance phenomena and in particular divergences or nonrenormalizability do not necessarily play a central role in this regime. A more profound problem is apparently unitarity. These considerations can be illustrated by showing that known gravity and supergravity amplitudes have the same long-distance behavior, despite the extra light states of supergravity, and this serves as an important check on long-range dynamics in a context where perturbative amplitudes are finite. We also argue that these considerations have other important implications: they obstruct probing the conjectured phenomenon of asymptotic safety through a physical scattering process, and ultraplanckian scattering exhibiting Regge behavior. These arguments sharpen the need to find a nonperturbative completion of gravity with mechanisms which restore unitarity in the strong gravity regime.
Steven B. Giddings; Maximilian Schmidt-Sommerfeld; Jeppe R. Andersen
We investigate the effect of modified gravity on the specific angular momentum of galactic halos by analyzing the halo catalogs at z = 0 from high-resolution N-body simulations for a f(R) gravity model that meets the solar-system constraint. It is shown that the galactic halos in the f(R) gravity model tend to acquire significantly higher specific angular momentum than those in the standard {Lambda}CDM model. The largest difference in the specific angular momentum distribution between these two models occurs for the case of isolated galactic halos with mass less than 10{sup 11} h {sup -1} M {sub Sun }, which are likely least shielded by the chameleon screening mechanism. As the specific angular momentum of galactic halos is rather insensitive to other cosmological parameters, it can in principle be an independent discriminator of modified gravity. We speculate a possibility of using the relative abundance of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) as a test of general relativity given that the formation of the LSBGs occurs in fast spinning dark halos.
Lee, Jounghun [Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, FPRD, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea, Republic of)] [Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, FPRD, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea, Republic of); Zhao, Gong-Bo [National Astronomy Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100012 (China)] [National Astronomy Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100012 (China); Li, Baojiu [Institute of Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom)] [Institute of Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE (United Kingdom); Koyama, Kazuya, E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX (United Kingdom)] [Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX (United Kingdom)
Gravity Currents in a Deep Anelastic Atmosphere
This study presents analytic results for steady gravity currents in a channel using the deep anelastic equations. Results are cast in terms of a nondimensional parameter H/H0 that relates the channel depth H to a scale depth H0 (the depth at ...
George H. Bryan; Richard Rotunno
Gravity Waves, Dynamical Resistance, and Forcing Efficiency
The effect of the dynamical response associated with high-frequency gravity waves on the total energy generated by imposed heating is examined in a 2D linear compressible model. The work performed by waves against a sustained forcing is defined ...
Jeffrey M. Chagnon
Flavorful hybrid anomaly-gravity mediation
We consider supersymmetric models where anomaly and gravity mediation give comparable contributions to the soft terms and discuss how this can be realized in a five-dimensional brane world. The gaugino mass pattern of anomaly mediation is preserved in such a hybrid setup. The flavorful gravity-mediated contribution cures the tachyonic slepton problem of anomaly mediation. The supersymmetric flavor puzzle is solved by alignment. We explicitly show how a working flavor-tachyon link can be realized with Abelian flavor symmetries and give the characteristic signatures of the framework, including O(1) slepton mass splittings between different generations and between doublets and singlets. This provides opportunities for same flavor dilepton edge measurements with missing energy at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Rare lepton decay rates could be close to their current experimental limit. Compared to pure gravity mediation, the hybrid model is advantageous because it features a heavy gravitino which can avoid the cosmological gravitino problem of gravity-mediated models combined with leptogenesis.
Gross, Christian; Hiller, Gudrun [Institut fuer Physik, Technische Universitaet Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund (Germany)
Ultrasonic hydrometer. [Specific gravity of electrolyte
The disclosed ultrasonic hydrometer determines the specific gravity (density) of the electrolyte of a wet battery, such as a lead-acid battery. The hydrometer utilizes a transducer that when excited emits an ultrasonic impulse that traverses through the electrolyte back and forth between spaced sonic surfaces. The transducer detects the returning impulse, and means measures the time t between the initial and returning impulses. Considering the distance d between the spaced sonic surfaces and the measured time t, the sonic velocity V is calculated with the equation V = 2d/t. The hydrometer also utilizes a thermocouple to measure the electrolyte temperature. A hydrometer database correlates three variable parameters including sonic velocity in and temperature and specific gravity of the electrolyte, for temperature values between 0 and 40/sup 0/C and for specific gravity values between 1.05 and 1.30. Upon knowing two parameters (the calculated sonic velocity and the measured temperature), the third parameter (specific gravity) can be uniquely found in the database. The hydrometer utilizes a microprocessor for data storage and manipulation.
Swoboda, C.A.
Multiple Gravity-Wave Breaking Levels
It is noted that gravity waves for which |u�?c| (u�=mean flow speed, c=wave phase speed) has a sharp minimum in the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere will have decaying amplitudes above this level despite exponentially decreasing mean ...
Richard S. Lindzen
Cosmological singularities and modified theories of gravity
We consider perturbative modifications of the Friedmann equations in terms of energy density corresponding to modified theories of gravity proposed as an alternative route to comply with the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. Assuming that the present matter content of the universe is a pressureless fluid
Leonardo Fern�ndez?Jambrina; Ruth Lazkoz
Superadiabatic Excess and Gravity Wave Saturation
Attention is called to a recent calculation of the superadiabatic excess�the ratio of wave amplitude at saturation to wave amplitude at convective instability threshold�caused by a saturated gravity wave. (This excess is also referred to as the ...
J. Weinstock
Nonlinearities in modified gravity cosmology: Signatures of modified gravity in the nonlinear matter power spectrum
A large fraction of cosmological information on dark energy and gravity is encoded in the nonlinear regime. Precision cosmology thus requires precision modeling of nonlinearities in general dark energy and modified gravity models. We modify the Gadget-2 code and run a series of N-body simulations on modified gravity cosmology to study the nonlinearities. The modified gravity model that we investigate in the present paper is characterized by a single parameter {zeta}, which determines the enhancement of particle acceleration with respect to general relativity (GR), given the identical mass distribution ({zeta}=1 in GR). The first nonlinear statistics we investigate is the nonlinear matter power spectrum at k < or approx. 3h/Mpc, which is the relevant range for robust weak lensing power spectrum modeling at l < or approx. 2000. In this study, we focus on the relative difference in the nonlinear power spectra at corresponding redshifts where different gravity models have the same linear power spectra. This particular statistics highlights the imprint of modified gravity in the nonlinear regime and the importance of including the nonlinear regime in testing GR. By design, it is less susceptible to the sample variance and numerical artifacts. We adopt a mass assignment method based on wavelet to improve the power spectrum measurement. We run a series of tests to determine the suitable simulation specifications (particle number, box size, and initial redshift). We find that, the nonlinear power spectra can differ by {approx}30% for 10% deviation from GR (|{zeta}-1|=0.1) where the rms density fluctuations reach 10. This large difference, on one hand, shows the richness of information on gravity in the corresponding scales, and on the other hand, invalidates simple extrapolations of some existing fitting formulae to modified gravity cosmology.
Cui Weiguang; Zhang Pengjie; Yang Xiaohu [Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Partner Group of MPA, Nandan Road 80, Shanghai, 200030 (China)
Granular convection and the Brazil nut effect in reduced gravity
We present laboratory experiments of a vertically vibrated granular medium consisting of 1 mm diameter glass beads with embedded 8 mm diameter intruder glass beads. The experiments were performed in the laboratory as well as in a parabolic flight under reduced-gravity conditions (on Martian and Lunar gravity levels). We measured the mean rise velocity of the large glass beads and present its dependence on the fill height of the sample containers, the excitation acceleration, and the ambient gravity level. We find that the rise velocity scales in the same manner for all three gravity regimes and roughly linearly with gravity.
Carsten G�ttler; Ingo von Borstel; Rainer Schr�pler; J�rgen Blum
Holographic Entanglement Entropy for 4D Conformal Gravity
Using the proposal for holographic entanglement entropy in higher derivative gravities, we compute holographic entanglement entropy for the conformal gravity in four dimensions which turns out to be finite. However, if one subtracts the contribution of the four dimensional Gauss-Bonnet term, the corresponding entanglement entropy has a divergent term and indeed restricted to an Einstein solution of the conformal gravity, the resultant entanglement entropy is exactly the same as that in the Einstein gravity. We will also make a comment on the first law of the entanglement thermodynamics for the conformal gravity in four dimensions.
Mohsen Alishahiha; Amin Faraji Astaneh; M. Reza Mohammadi Mozaffar
On the z=4 Horava-Lifshitz Gravity
We consider z=4 Horava-Lifshitz gravity in both 3+1 and 4+1 dimensions. We find black hole solutions in the IR region for a kind of z=4 Horava-Lifshitz gravity which is inherited from the new massive gravity in three dimensions and an analog of the new massive gravity in four dimensions through the quantum inheritance principle. We analyze thermodynamic properties for the black hole solutions for z=4 Horava-Lifshitz gravity. We also write out the Friedmann equation in 3+1 dimensions for cosmological solutions.
Rong-Gen Cai; Yan Liu; Ya-Wen Sun
Definition: Microgravity-Hybrid Microgravity | Open Energy Information
Microgravity-Hybrid Microgravity Microgravity-Hybrid Microgravity Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Microgravity-Hybrid Microgravity Microgravity measurements precisely monitor subtle changes in gravity with time in order to understand mass gain or loss in a subsurface reservoir.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. Gravimetry may be used when either the magnitude of gravitational field or the properties of matter responsible for its creation are of interest. The term gravimetry or gravimetric is also used in chemistry to define a class of analytical procedures, called gravimetric analysis relying upon weighing a sample of material. References ↑ https://www.geothermal-library.org/ Ret LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like.
Sociocultural definitions of risk
Public constituencies frequently are criticized by technical experts as being irrational in response to low-probability risks. This presentation argued that most people are concerned with a variety of risk attributes other than probability and that is rather irrational to exclude these from the definition and analysis of technological risk. Risk communication, which is at the heart of the right-to-know concept, is described as the creation of shared meaning rather than the mere transmission of information. A case study of utilities, public utility commissions, and public interest groups illustrates how the diversity of institutional cultures in modern society leads to problems for the creation of shared meanings in establishing trust, distributing liability, and obtaining consent to risk. This holistic approach to risk analysis is most appropriate under conditions of high uncertainty and/or decision stakes. 1 fig., 5 tabs.
Rayner, S.
Appendix K: Regional Definitions
K K Regional Definitions The six basic country groupings used in this report (Figure K1) are defined as follows: *OECD (18 percent of the 2008 world population): North America-United States, Canada, and Mexico; OECD Europe-Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxem- bourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. OECD Asia-Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. *Non-OECD (82 percent of the 2008 world popula- tion): - Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia (5 percent of the 2008 world population)-Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia,
Pages that link to "Definition:Fuel cell" | Open Energy Information
natural gas ( links) Definition:Electricity ( links) Definition:Inverter ( links) Definition:Electrode ( links) Definition:Electrolyte (...
Effect of artificial aging on the microstructure of weldment on API 5L X-52 steel pipe
The effects of artificial aging on the microstructure in the weldment of an API 5L X-52 steel pipe were studied. Aging was performed at 250 deg. C over a period of 1000 h and values were recorded at every 100 h intervals. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed precipitation strengthening from nearly circular Nb-C containing nanoparticles for the base metal and heat affected zone, and cementite for the weld metal. The largest amount of precipitation in the weldment zone was obtained at 500 h, due to peak-aging, which showed the highest particle density. The weld metal was more susceptible to aging, exhibiting the highest increase in precipitation at 500 h, followed by the heat affected zone. After 500 h, the deterioration in the microstructure was caused by the coarsening of particles due to over-aging. The base metal showed the larger increment in particle size after 900 h of aging accompanied by a bigger decrease in fine particles than in the weld metal.
Vargas-Arista, B. [Departamento de Ingenieria Metalurgica, IPN-ESIQIE, Laboratorios Pesados de Metalurgia, UPALM Zacatenco, 07738 Mexico DF (Mexico)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Hallen, J.M. [Departamento de Ingenieria Metalurgica, IPN-ESIQIE, Laboratorios Pesados de Metalurgia, UPALM Zacatenco, 07738 Mexico DF (Mexico)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Albiter, A. [Departamento de Ingenieria Metalurgica, IPN-ESIQIE, Laboratorios Pesados de Metalurgia, UPALM Zacatenco, 07738 Mexico DF (Mexico)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Ground Gravity Survey At Coso Geothermal Area (1990) | Open Energy
Coso Geothermal Area (1990) Coso Geothermal Area (1990) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Ground Gravity Survey At Coso Geothermal Area (1990) Exploration Activity Details Location Coso Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Ground Gravity Survey Activity Date 1990 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis To identify features related to the heat source and to seek possible evidence for an underlying magma chamber Notes 2D and 3D gravity modeling was done using gridded Bouguer gravity data covering a 45 by 45 km region over the Coso geothermal area. Isostatic and terrain corrected Bouguer gravity data for about 1300 gravity stations were obtained from the US Geological Survey. After the data were checked, the gravity values were gridded at 1 km centers for the area of interest
Definition: Sustainability | Open Energy Information
Definition Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Definition: Sustainability Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Sustainability An often broadly used term that refers to the study of future impacts of decisions made currently, and how we can best mitigate or eliminate negative impacts of activities today. Typically, sustainability is used to define choices made in energy and natural resource use. View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Sustainability is the capacity to endure. In ecology the word describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems. For humans, sustainability is the potential for long-term maintenance of well being, which has ecological, economic,
Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI)
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
The Office of Environmental Management (EM) Project Definition Rating Index (EM-PDRI) is a modification of a commercially developed planning tool that has been tested by an EM team specifically for...
Crop Insurance Terms and Definitions
This publication is a glossary of terms used by the crop insurance industry. There are definitions for terms used in crop insurance documents and for terms pertaining to coverage levels, farming, reports, units and parties to contracts.
Stokes, Kenneth; Waller, Mark L.; Outlaw, Joe; Barnaby, G. A. Art
Definition: Geysers | Open Energy Information
Geysers A type of hot spring that intermittently erupts a column of hot water and steam into the air. View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Ret LikeLike UnlikeLike You like...
Introduction: Definitions and Fundamental Concepts
of chemical reaction yields is essential include: the processing of petroleum crude oil to make gaso- line and leads to the definition of temperature as the measure of hotness. It also allows us to devise ways
Velev, Orlin D.
Definition: Demand | Open Energy Information
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Definition: Demand Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Demand The rate at which electric energy is delivered to or by a system or part of a system, generally expressed in kilowatts or megawatts, at a given instant or averaged over any designated interval of time., The rate at which energy is being used by the customer.[1] Related Terms energy, electricity generation References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An i Like Like You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. nline Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Demand&oldid=480555"
Definition: Energy | Open Energy Information
Energy Energy Broadly defined as the capacity to do work. There are many forms of energy, including: chemical, electrical, gravitational, mechanical, nuclear, radiant, and thermal energy. The official SI unit for energy is the joule (J); energy can also be measured in calories or British thermal units (Btu).[1][2][3] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition In physics, energy is a conserved extensive property of a physical system, which cannot be observed directly but can be calculated from its state. Energy is of central importance in physics. It is impossible to give a comprehensive definition of energy because of the many forms it may take, but the most common definition is that it is the capacity of a system to perform work. The definition of work in physics is the movement of a force
Definition: Geothermometry | Open Energy Information
Definition Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Definition: Geothermometry Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Geothermometry Chemical geothermometers are used to estimate reservoir temperatures for most of the systems. The geothermometers are based on temperature- dependent, water-rock reactions which control the chemical and isotopic composition of the thermal water. This method is applicable only to hot-water systems because the common chemical constituents of thermal water (SiO2, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3, and CO3) are soluble in liquid water but lack significant solubility in steam.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Geothermobarometry is the science of measuring the previous pressure and temperature history of a metamorphic or intrusive igneous rocks.
Definition: Microgrids | Open Energy Information
Microgrids Microgrids Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Microgrids A microgrid is an electrical system that includes multiple loads and distributed energy resources that can be operated in parallel with the broader utility grid or as an electrical island.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition View on Reegle Reegle Definition No reegle definition available, No reegle definition available., Distributed generation, also called on-site generation, dispersed generation, embedded generation, decentralized generation, decentralized energy or distributed energy, generates electricity from many small energy sources. Currently, industrial countries generate most of their electricity in large centralized facilities, such as fossil fuel nuclear or hydropower plants. These plants have excellent economies of scale, but usually
Non-Newtonian gravity in finite nuclei
In this talk, we report our recent study of constraining the non-Newtonian gravity at femtometer scale. We incorporate the Yukawa-type non-Newtonian gravitational potential consistently to the Skyrme functional form using the exact treatment for the direct contribution and density-matrix expansion method for the exchange contribution. The effects from the non-Newtonian potential on finite nuclei properties are then studied together with a well-tested Skyrme force. Assuming that the framework without non-Newtonian gravity can explain the binding energies and charge radii of medium to heavy nuclei within 2% error, we set an upper limit for the strength of the non-Newtonian gravitational potential at femtometer scale.
Xu, Jun; Chen, Lie-Wen; Zheng, Hao
Hydrogen atom in Palatini theories of gravity
We study the effects that the gravitational interaction of $f(R)$ theories of gravity in Palatini formalism has on the stationary states of the Hydrogen atom. We show that the role of gravity in this system is very important for lagrangians $f(R)$ with terms that grow at low curvatures, which have been proposed to explain the accelerated expansion rate of the universe. We find that new gravitationally induced terms in the atomic Hamiltonian generate a strong backreaction that is incompatible with the very existence of bound states. In fact, in the 1/R model, Hydrogen disintegrates in less than two hours. The universe that we observe is, therefore, incompatible with that kind of gravitational interaction. Lagrangians with high curvature corrections do not lead to such instabilities.
Gonzalo J. Olmo
Black Holes in Three Dimensional Topological Gravity
We investigate the black hole solution to (2+1)-dimensional gravity coupled to topological matter, with a vanishing cosmological constant. We calculate the total energy, angular momentum and entropy of the black hole in this model and compare with results obtained in Einstein gravity. We find that the theory with topological matter reverses the identification of energy and angular momentum with the parameters in the metric, compared with general relativity, and that the entropy is determined by the circumference of the inner rather than the outer horizon. We speculate that this results from the contribution of the topological matter fields to the conserved currents. We also briefly discuss two new possible (2+1)-dimensional black holes.
S. Carlip; J. Gegenberg; R. B. Mann
A perspective on Quantum Gravity Phenomenology
I give a brief overview of some Quantum-Gravity-Phenomenology research lines, focusing on studies of cosmic rays and gamma-ray bursts that concern the fate of Lorentz symmetry in quantum spacetime. I also stress that the most valuable phenomenological analyses should not mix too many conjectured new features of quantum spacetime, and from this perspective it appears that it should be difficult to obtain reliable guidance on the quantum-gravity problem from the analysis of synchrotron radiation from the Crab nebula and from the analysis of phase coherence of light from extragalactic sources. Forthcoming observatories of ultra-high-energy neutrinos should provide several opportunities for clean tests of some simple hypothesis for the short-distance structure of spacetime. In particular, these neutrino studies, and some related cosmic-ray studies, should provide access to the regime $E>\\sqrt{m E_p}$.
Giovanni Amelino-Camelia
Twisted covariant noncommutative self-dual gravity
A twisted covariant formulation of noncommutative self-dual gravity is presented. The formulation for constructing twisted noncommutative Yang-Mills theories is used. It is shown that the noncommutative torsion is solved at any order of the {theta} expansion in terms of the tetrad and some extra fields of the theory. In the process the first order expansion in {theta} for the Plebanski action is explicitly obtained.
Estrada-Jimenez, S.; Garcia-Compean, H.; Obregon, O.; Ramirez, C. [Centro de Estudios en Fisica y Matematicas Basicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autonoma de Chiapas, Calle 4 Oriente Norte 1428, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas (Mexico); Departamento de Fisica, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, 07000 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Monterrey, PIIT, Via del Conocimiento 201, Autopista nueva al Aeropuerto km 9.5, 66600, Apodaca Nuevo Leon (Mexico); Instituto de Fisica de la Universidad de Guanajuato, P.O. Box E-143, 37150, Leon Gto. (Mexico); Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matematicas, Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, P.O. Box 1364, 72000, Puebla (Mexico)
1 Quantum Gravity and Regge Calculus
This is an informal review of the formulation of canonical general relativity and of its implications for quantum gravity; the various versions are compared, both in the continuum and in a discretized approximation suggested by Regge calculus. I also show that the weakness of the link with the geometric content of the theory gives rise to what I think is a serious flaw in the claimed derivation of a discrete structure for space at the quantum level. 1.
Giorgio Immirzi A
Holographic Superconductivity with Gauss-Bonnet gravity
I review recent work on holographic superconductivity with Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, and show how the critical temperature of the superconductor depends on both gravitational backreaction and the Gauss-Bonnet parameter, using both analytic and numerical arguments. I also review computations of the conductivity, finding the energy gap, and demonstrating that there is no universal gap ratio, $\\omega_g/T_c$, for these superconductors.
Ruth Gregory
Gravity controlled anti-reverse rotation device
A gravity assisted anti-reverse rotation device for preventing reverse rotation of pumps and the like. A horizontally mounted pawl is disposed to mesh with a fixed ratchet preventing reverse rotation when the pawl is advanced into intercourse with the ratchet by a vertically mounted lever having a lumped mass. Gravitation action on the lumped mass urges the pawl into mesh with the ratchet, while centrifugal force on the lumped mass during forward, allowed rotation retracts the pawl away from the ratchet.
Dickinson, Robert J. (Shaler Township, Allegheny County, PA); Wetherill, Todd M. (Lower Burrell, PA)
The Gravity Dual of the Ising Model
We evaluate the partition function of three dimensional theories of gravity in the quantum regime, where the AdS radius is Planck scale and the central charge is of order one. The contribution from the AdS vacuum sector can - with certain assumptions - be computed and equals the vacuum character of a minimal model CFT. The torus partition function is given by a sum over geometries which is finite and computable. For generic values of Newton's constant G and the AdS radius L the result has no Hilbert space interpretation, but in certain cases it agrees with the partition function of a known CFT. For example, the partition function of pure Einstein gravity with G=3L equals that of the Ising model, providing evidence that these theories are dual. We also present somewhat weaker evidence that the 3-state and tricritical Potts models are dual to pure higher spin theories of gravity based on SL(3) and E_6, respectively.
Alejandra Castro; Matthias R. Gaberdiel; Thomas Hartman; Alexander Maloney; Roberto Volpato
Castro, Alejandra; Hartman, Thomas; Maloney, Alexander; Volpato, Roberto
Flipped spinfoam vertex and loop gravity
We introduce a vertex amplitude for 4d loop quantum gravity. We derive it from a conventional quantization of a Regge discretization of euclidean general relativity. This yields a spinfoam sum that corrects some difficulties of the Barrett-Crane theory. The second class simplicity constraints are imposed weakly, and not strongly as in Barrett-Crane theory. Thanks to a flip in the quantum algebra, the boundary states turn out to match those of SO(3) loop quantum gravity -- the two can be identified as eigenstates of the same physical quantities -- providing a solution to the problem of connecting the covariant SO(4) spinfoam formalism with the canonical SO(3) spin-network one. The vertex amplitude is SO(3) and SO(4)-covariant. It rectifies the triviality of the intertwiner dependence of the Barrett-Crane vertex, which is responsible for its failure to yield the correct propagator tensorial structure. The construction provides also an independent derivation of the kinematics of loop quantum gravity and of the result that geometry is quantized.
Jonathan Engle; Roberto Pereira; Carlo Rovelli
Geometry and symmetries in lattice spinor gravity
Lattice spinor gravity is a proposal for regularized quantum gravity based on fermionic degrees of freedom. In our lattice model the local Lorentz symmetry is generalized to complex transformation parameters. The difference between space and time is not put in a priori, and the euclidean and the Minkowski quantum field theory are unified in one functional integral. The metric and its signature arise as a result of the dynamics, corresponding to a given ground state or cosmological solution. Geometrical objects as the vierbein, spin connection or the metric are expectation values of collective fields built from an even number of fermions. The quantum effective action for the metric is invariant under general coordinate transformations in the continuum limit. The action of our model is found to be also invariant under gauge transformations. We observe a 'geometrical entanglement' of gauge- and Lorentz-transformations due to geometrical objects transforming non-trivially under both types of symmetry transformations. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We formulate the geometrical aspects of a proposal for a lattice regularized model of quantum gravity. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The vierbein shows an entanglement between Lorentz symmetry and gauge symmetry. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Euclidean and Minkowski signatures of the collective metric and the vierbein are described within the same functional integral.
Wetterich, C., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Distinguishing Modified Gravity from Dark Energy
The acceleration of the universe can be explained either through dark energy or through the modification of gravity on large scales. In this paper we investigate modified gravity models and compare their observable predictions with dark energy models. Modifications of general relativity are expected to be scale-independent on super-horizon scales and scale-dependent on sub-horizon scales. For scale-independent modifications, utilizing the conservation of the curvature scalar and a parameterized post-Newtonian formulation of cosmological perturbations, we derive results for large scale structure growth, weak gravitational lensing, and cosmic microwave background anisotropy. For scale-dependent modifications, inspired by recent $f(R)$ theories we introduce a parameterization for the gravitational coupling $G$ and the post-Newtonian parameter $\\gamma$. These parameterizations provide a convenient formalism for testing general relativity. However, we find that if dark energy is generalized to include both entropy and shear stress perturbations, and the dynamics of dark energy is unknown a priori, then modified gravity cannot in general be distinguished from dark energy using cosmological linear perturbations.
Edmund Bertschinger; Phillip Zukin
Supermassive galactic centre with repulsive gravity
Repulsive gravity has its origin in the 1939 article of Oppenheimer and Snyder which describes a collapsar, that is an idealized star of non-interacting material (dust) collapsing under its own gravity. The stellar material has a final state resembling a football, that is a significant part of it is concentrated in a thin surface shell. An interior pressure is exerted by the strong gravitational field, equivalent to a negative mass. However, the OS solution has been misunderstood, the shell's position being incorrectly identified with the "event horizon" in black-hole theory. While half the material is concentrated in a shell occupying a small fraction of the radius, some material is spread throughout the interior, unlike the concentration in a black hole's singularity. We deal with the singularity in density at the shell surface, by including Fermi pressure of degenerate electrons for a shell density comparable to a solar mass-sized white dwarf. Because the high-density region is concentrated in a shell, instead of at the centre as in a black hole, our conclusion is that repulsive gravity enables the existence of supermassive white dwarfs.
Trevor W. Marshall; Max K. Wallis
Primordial nucleosynthesis in conformal Weyl gravity
Recently conformal Weyl gravity has been considered as a candidate alternative gravity theory. This fourth-order theory is attractive because it is the only metric theory of gravity which is invariant under local conformal transformations of the metric. The authors calculate the primordial light element abundances in this theory. The major difference from the standard cosmology is that the universe expands far more slowly throughout the nucleosynthesis epoch. The production of {sup 4}He depends strongly on {eta}, the ratio of baryons to photons. For {eta} = 10{sup {minus}8} the mass fraction of {sup 4}He is X{sub 4} {approx_equal} 0.25 and the number densities relative to hydrogen for {sup 2}H, {sup 3}He and {sup 7}Li are n({sup 2}H)/n(H) {approx_equal} 9 {times} 10{sup {minus}20}, n({sup 3}He)/n(H) {approx_equal}4 {times} 10{sup {minus}18} and n({sup 7}Li)/n(H) {approx_equal} 10{sup {minus}13}. This value of {eta} corresponds to a baryon mass density close to the standard model critical density. However, adjusting {eta} to give a reasonable helium yield forces the deuterium and lithium yields to be small enough that the theory cannot be reconciled with observations.
Knox, L.; Kosowsky, A. [Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Enrico Fermi Inst.]|[Fermi National Accelerator Lab., Batavia, IL (United States)
Lorentz covariance of loop quantum gravity
The kinematics of loop gravity can be given a manifestly Lorentz-covariant formulation: the conventional SU(2)-spin-network Hilbert space can be mapped to a space K of SL(2,C) functions, where Lorentz covariance is manifest. K can be described in terms of a certain subset of the projected spin networks studied by Livine, Alexandrov and Dupuis. It is formed by SL(2,C) functions completely determined by their restriction on SU(2). These are square-integrable in the SU(2) scalar product, but not in the SL(2,C) one. Thus, SU(2)-spin-network states can be represented by Lorentz-covariant SL(2,C) functions, as two-component photons can be described in the Lorentz-covariant Gupta-Bleuler formalism. As shown by Wolfgang Wieland in a related paper, this manifestly Lorentz-covariant formulation can also be directly obtained from canonical quantization. We show that the spinfoam dynamics of loop quantum gravity is locally SL(2,C)-invariant in the bulk, and yields states that are precisely in K on the boundary. This clarifies how the SL(2,C) spinfoam formalism yields an SU(2) theory on the boundary. These structures define a tidy Lorentz-covariant formalism for loop gravity.
Rovelli, Carlo; Speziale, Simone [Centre de Physique Theorique de Luminy, Case 907, F-13288 Marseille (France)
Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition
Definition to Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type E85 Definition E85 is defined as a blend of ethanol and gasoline that contains no more than 85% ethanol and is produced for use in alternative fuel vehicles. E85 must comply with ASTM specification D5798-11. (Reference House File 634,
E85 Definition to E85 Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type E85 Definition E85 motor fuel is defined as an alternative fuel that is a blend of ethanol and hydrocarbon, of which the ethanol portion is 75-85% denatured fuel ethanol by volume and complies with the most current ASTM specification
Definition to someone by E-mail Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Alternative Fuel Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Alternative Fuel Definition Alternative fuel is defined as compressed natural gas, propane, ethanol, or any mixture containing 85% or more ethanol (E85) with gasoline or other
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definitions
Definitions Definitions to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definitions on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definitions on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definitions on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definitions on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definitions on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definitions on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Biodiesel Definitions Biodiesel is defined as any fuel derived in whole or in part from agricultural products, animal fats, or the wastes from these products, and is suitable for use in diesel engines. A biodiesel blend is defined as any
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition
Definition Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel is a renewable special fuel that is composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids, derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, and meets the requirements of the ASTM specification D6751. (Reference New
Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel is defined as a renewable, biodegradable, mono alkyl ester combustible liquid fuel that is derived from agricultural plant oils or animal fats and meets ASTM specification D6751-11b. A biodiesel blend is a
Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel is defined as a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, either in pure form or mixed in any combination with petroleum-based diesel fuel. The
Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel fuel is defined as a mono alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats for use in compression-ignition engines and meets the requirements of the ASTM specification D6751 in
Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel Definition to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Biodiesel Definition on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Biodiesel Definition Biodiesel is defined as a renewable, biodegradable fuel derived from agricultural plant oils or animal fats that meet ASTM specification D6751. Blended biodiesel is a blend of biodiesel with petroleum diesel fuel so
Solar System experiments do not yet veto modified gravity models
The dynamical equivalence between modified and scalar-tensor gravity theories is revisited and it is concluded that it breaks down in the limit to general relativity. A gauge-independent analysis of cosmological perturbations in both classes of theories lends independent support to this conclusion. As a consequence, the PPN formalism of scalar-tensor gravity and Solar System experiments do not veto modified gravity, as previously thought.
Valerio Faraoni
New Agegraphic Dark Energy in $f(R)$ Gravity
In this paper we study cosmological application of new agegraphic dark energy density in the $f(R)$ gravity framework. We employ the new agegraphic model of dark energy to obtain the equation of state for the new agegraphic energy density in spatially flat universe. Our calculation show, taking $nenergy model in flat universe in the modified gravity cosmology framework. Also we develop a reconstruction scheme for the modified gravity with $f(R)$ action.
Setare, M R
M. R. Setare
AdS waves as exact solutions to quadratic gravity
We give an exact solution of the quadratic gravity in D dimensions. The solution is a plane-fronted wave metric with a cosmological constant. This metric solves not only the full quadratic gravity field equations but also the linearized ones which include the linearized equations of the recently found critical gravity. A subset of the solutions change the asymptotic structure of the anti-de Sitter space due to their logarithmic behavior.
Guellue, Ibrahim; Sisman, Tahsin Cagri; Tekin, Bayram [Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara (Turkey); Guerses, Metin [Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara (Turkey)
Gravity Couplings in the Standard-Model Extension
The Standard-Model Extension (SME) is an action-based expansion describing general Lorentz violation for known matter and fields, including gravity. In this talk, I will discuss the Lorentz-violating gravity couplings in the SME. Toy models that match the SME expansion, including vector and two-tensor models, are reviewed. Finally I discuss the status of experiments and observations probing gravity coefficients for Lorentz violation.
Bailey, Quentin G
Exercise protocols during short-radius centrifugation for artificial gravity
Long-duration spaceflight results in severe physiological deconditioning, threatening the success of interplanetary travel. Exercise combined with artificial gravity provided by centrifugation may be the comprehensive ...
Ground Gravity Survey At Snake River Plain Region (DOE GTP) ...
Snake River Plain Region (DOE GTP) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Ground Gravity Survey At Snake River Plain Region (DOE GTP)...
Evolution of Gold Gravity Recovery in Grinding Circuits - A Critical ...
Presentation Title, Evolution of Gold Gravity Recovery in Grinding Circuits - A Critical .... Selective Separations of Gold and Contaminants from Various Gold and�...
Polytropic and Chaplygin f(R)-gravity models
We reconstruct different f(R)-gravity models corresponding to the polytropic, standard Chaplygin, generalized Chaplygin, modified Chaplygin and modified variable Chaplygin gas dark energy models. We also obtain the equation of state parameters of the corresponding f(R)-gravity models which describe the accelerated expansion of the universe. We conclude that although the equation of state parameters of the obtained f(R)-gravities can behave like phantom or quintessence dark energy models, they cannot justify the transition from the quintessence state to the phantom regime. Furthermore, the polytropic and Chaplygin f(R)-gravity models in de Sitter space can satisfy the inflation condition.
K. Karami; M. S. Khaledian