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Phil Groves, John Holder and Paula Gooder
This second section comprises three chapters which turn our attention to the authoritative sources for Anglican theology and ethics: Scripture, tradition and reason. Because of its primacy among these and its centrality in debates about sexuality, the first and longest of the three chapters is focused on Scripture. This falls into three distinct parts. Each of these has its own main author although Phil Groves, John Holder and Paula Gooder worked together on the chapter as a whole.
Part 1, by the Listening Process Facilitator, Phil Groves, opens the chapter with reflections on what it means to live under the authority of Scripture. The authority of Scripture is confessed by people across the spectrum of views on sexuality but it is clear that there are also quite different understandings of what this means in practice. This presents a challenge to us because, as the Archbishop of Canterbury explained in his Advent Letter of 2007, a full relationship of communion will mean:
The common acknowledgment that we stand under the authority of Scripture as 'the rule and ultimate standard of faith', in the words of the Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral; as the gift shaped by the Holy Spirit which decisively interprets God to the community of believers and the community of believers to itself and opens our hearts to the living and eternal Word that is Christ. Our obedience to the call of Christ the Word Incarnate is drawn out first and foremost by our listening to the Bible and conforming our lives to what God both offers and requires of us through the words and narratives of the Bible. We recognize each other in one fellowship when we see one another 'standing under' the word of Scripture. Because of this recognition, we are able to consult and reflect together on the interpretation of Scripture and to learn in that process. Understanding the Bible is not a private process or something to be undertaken in isolation by one part of the family. Radical change in the way we read cannot be determined by one group or tradition alone.
This chapter therefore begins by seeking common ground as Anglicans across our differences on the Bible's teaching on homosexuality. This is found by looking at what the 39 Articles teach about Scripture and its authority in the Church. Although the Articles have a varied status across the provinces of our Communion they are an important part of our common Anglican heritage. The guide to their teaching on Scripture which is provided here is based On the 39 Articles by Professor Oliver O'Donovan, a study first published in 1986 and reprinted for the 2008 Lambeth Conference.
In our listening and learning about sexuality, many Anglicans are concerned about faithfulness to Scripture, the dangers of false teaching, and how doctrine and ethics develop over time. Having attempted to find common ground in the Articles, the chapter proceeds to look at these issues through a study of Jude. This short letter's emphasis on standing firm for the 'faith once delivered to the saints' has often been appealed to in the course of recent discussions about sexuality. Then we are asked to consider what the issues were in the early Church that led to Jude writing this letter and to explore what parallels might legitimately be drawn with our discussions of sexuality today.
The scene has now been set by examining how our thinking is shaped by our understanding of the authority of Scripture and what it means to guard the faith. We therefore turn next to explore how those in favour of same-sex relationships and those opposed to them both appeal to the Bible in making their case. A biblical overview of these two views is presented. In the light of these it is asked what we mean when we claim that a view is compatible or incompatible with Scripture.
Underlying different understandings of what is compatible with Scripture are often different ways of interpreting the Bible. The section therefore turns next to the discipline of hermeneutics - how we interpret the Bible. Some key issues are outlined by looking at some of the challenges we face as we seek to understand and apply the Bible today.
Finally, the section returns to the question of faithful development in Christian thinking and practice and concerns about inclusion of outsiders and the role of experience in biblical interpretation. These issues are examined by looking at a key biblical example. The early Church welcomed Gentiles and decided not to apply aspects of the Jewish law to them. This is often appealed to in debates about the sort of welcome to be given to those who identify as gay and lesbian and discussions about what the Church expects of them in terms of holy living. It is central to the account (To Set Our Hope on Christ) given by The Episcopal Church (USA) to ACC-13 in response to the Windsor Report. Different understandings of how the Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15 reached its conclusions are therefore explained in order to help us understand whether and how this might help us in our dialogues today about sexuality.
In Parts 2 and 3 we move on from a general introduction to consider the wider background and teaching of the Bible in relation to sexuality. Here we are guided by John Holder from Barbados (writing on the Old Testament) and Paul Gooder a biblical scholar based in England (who writes on the New Testament material). The original plan was for them simply to provide a guide to the main controversial texts. However, after study, prayer and consultation with Phil Groves, they decided to attempt to place the debate about homosexuality in the context of biblical understandings of sexuality more widely. Between them they take us on a journey through the Old and New Testaments.
John Holder combines his gifts as an Old Testament scholar and a bishop who lives the Bible in his context. He shows how sexuality has been the subject of human reflection and discussion, including religious reflection and discussion, for millennia.
He sets the Old Testament in the wider context of Ancient Near Eastern beliefs. Israel's neighbours viewed the gods as sexual beings and related both fertility and sexual experience closely to religious devotion. The creation narratives set the scene for the development of themes, which emphasize both the blessing and ambivalence of sexuality.
God's people are seen to celebrate sexuality as a good gift of God, particularly linked to procreation. However, the Old Testament also warns against and illustrates the dangers of misusing this gift in various ways. Although sexual imagery is sometimes used for Yahweh and his relationship with Israel, the emphasis is on God transcending sexuality. Against this backdrop, the few negative texts relating to homosexuality are examined and by setting them in their original context some of their complexities are highlighted.
Paula Gooder guides us through the material on sexuality found in the New Testament from the Gospels and Acts, through the Pauline tradition before concluding with a look at other texts. What she describes reveals a continuation but also a development of the Old Testament's engagement with sexuality. One of the most important innovations is the prominence given to celibacy.
In the Gospels, God's transcendence over sexuality is again emphasized in the accounts of Jesus' virgin birth. Jesus' strong teaching on adultery, divorce and remarriage is explored, as is his discussion of marriage in heaven. This teaching needs, however, to be put alongside his attitude to those, particularly women, who are seen as sexual sinners. Finally, both Jesus and the early Church in Acts (notably again in Acts 15) warned about sexual immorality (porneia), and the scope and significance of this prohibition are examined. Paul, too, warns against any acceptance of porneia in the Christian community, particularly in his most concentrated discussion of sexuality in 1 Corinthians 5—7. Here, there is not only further teaching on divorce (1 Corinthians 7) but also a vice list which includes words traditionally understood to refer to homosexuality. The debates over the meanings of these terms and the different interpretations of the fuller discussion of homosexuality in Romans 1 are carefully explained to help you understand these texts and some of the disagreements that exist between scholars on how to interpret them. The chapter concludes with brief discussion of some texts in the Pastoral Epistles (another vice list which includes a reference to homosexuality and advice for the conduct of church leaders), 2 Peter, Jude and Revelation.
Although a lot of ground is covered in what follows, neither John nor Paula expects what they have written to be the final word. Once again it must be stressed that their work is simply a resource, not an authoritative statement. It is offered in the hope it will send you back to read your Bible with a fuller and wider understanding, and send you out to dialogue about this and study the Bible with fellow Christians.
Chapter 3 – Part 1
Akinola, Archbishop Peter. "Why I Object to Homosexuality and Same-sex Unions."Anglican Church of Nigeria. May 2005.
Bauckham, Richard. Jude, 2 Peter, Dallas: Word, 1983
Burridge, Richard. Imitating Jesus: An Inclusive Approach to New Testament Ethics, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2007
Burridge, Richard. "Being Biblical? Slavery, Sexuality, and the Inclusive Community.'2007
Davidson, Richard. "Flame of Yahweh: Sexuality" in the Old Testament, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 2007
Fee, Gordon. The First Epistle to the Corinthians, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1987
Gagnon, Robert A.J. The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics, Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001
Gagnon, Robert and Via, Dan. Homosexuality and the Bible: Two Views, Minneapolis: Fortress, 2003
Gagnon, Robert. 'A Comprehensive and Critical Review Essay of Homosexuality, Science, and the "Plain Sense" of Scripture, Part 2', Horizons in Biblical Theology, Vol. 25, 2003
Goddard, Andrew. God, Gentiles and Gay Christians: Act 15 and Change in the Church, Cambridge: Grove, 2001
Greer, Rowan. Anglican Approaches to Scripture, New York: Crossroad, 2006
Hays, Richard. Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989
Isherwood, Lisa. "Scripture for Liberation", in Andrew Linzey and Richard Kirker (eds), Gays and the Future of Anglicanism, Winchester: O Books, 2005
John, Jeffrey in O'Donovan Permanent, Faithful, Stable, London: DLT, 2000
Leal, Dave. Debating Homosexuality, Cambridge: Grove, 1996
LeMarqand Grant. "And the rulers of the nations shall bring their treasures into it": A Review of Biblical Exegesis in Africa", The ANITEPAM Journal, November 2006,
LeMarqand Grant and Joseph Galgalo (eds), Theological Education in Contemporary Africa, Eldoret, Kenya: Zapf, 2004
Martin, Dale. Sex and the Single Saviour, Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2006
O'Donovan, Oliver. On Trinity Nine Articles: A Conversation with Tudor Christians, Exeter: Paternoster, 1986
O' Donovan, Oliver in Bradshaw (ed.), The Way Forward? London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1997
Seitz, Christopher. "Sexuality and Scripture's Plain Sense: The Christian Community and the Law of God", in David. L Balch (ed.), Homosexuality, Science and the 'Plain Sense' of Scripture, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000
Schuh, Steve. "Challenging Conventional Wisdom".
Stott, John. Understanding the Bible, London: Scripture Union, 3rd edn, 1998
Stott, John. The Anglican Communion and Scripture, Carlisle: Regnum, 1996 p. 49
Thiselton, Anthony. The First Epistle to the Epistle to the Corinthians, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000
Wright, N.T. The Last Word: Beyond the Bible Wars to a New Understanding of the Authority of Scripture, San Francisco: HarperCollins, 2005 p. 101
Chapter 3 – Part 2
Bailey, Derrick Sherwin. Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition. (London, New York,: Longmans Green, 1955)
Beyerlin, Walter ed. Near Eastern Religious Texts Relating to the Old Testament (London: SCM, 1978).
Bird, Phyllis A. "The Bible in Christian Ethical Deliberation Concerning Homosexuality: Old Testament Contributions" in D. L. Balch ed. Homosexuality, Science, and the "Plain Sense" of Scripture. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans., 2000), 142–76
Blenkinsopp, Joseph. The Pentateuch (New York: Doubleday, 1992)
Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality : Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980)
Boyarin, Daniel. "Are There Any Jews in the History of Sexuality?" JHSex 5 (1995): 348–53
Brown, F., S.R. Driver & C.A. Briggs.. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford: Clarendon, 1952)
Carden, Michael. Sodomy : A History of a Christian Biblical Myth, 1st ed. (London: Oakville, Conn.: Equinox Pub., 2004)
Carden, Michael. 'Genesis' in Deryn Gest et al ed. The Queer Bible Commentary (London: SCM, 2006)
Carley, Keith. Ezekiel Among the Prophets (London: SCM, 1975)
Childs, Brevard. Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture (London: SCM, 1979)
Collins, Raymond. 'The Bible and Sexuality' Biblical Theology Bulletin 7 (1977), 153
Coon, Dennis. Essentials of Psychology. Exploration and Application (Ontario: Nelson, 2000)
Countryman, Louis William. Dirt, Greed, and Sex : Sexual Ethics in the New Testament and Their Implications for Today. (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1988)
Davidson, Richard. The Flame of Yahweh – Sexuality in the Old Testament (Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 2007)
Douglas, Mary. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. (Harmondworth,: Penguin, 1970)
Driver, G.R. Canaanite Myths and Legends (Edinburgh: Clark, 1956)
Edwards, George R. Gay/Lesbian Liberation : A Biblical Perspective. (New York: Pilgrim Press, 1984)
Fohrer, George. History of Israelite Religion, Trans. David Green (London: SPCK, 1973)
Gagnon, Robert A. J. The Bible and Homosexual Practice : Texts and Hermeneutics (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001)
Greenberg, Moshe. Ezekiel 1–20 : A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary 1st ed. (Garden City: N.Y.: Doubleday, 1983)
Gerstenberger, Erhard. Leviticus : A Commentary, 1st American ed., The Old Testament Library. (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996)
Gunn, David. The Story of David (Sheffield: JSOT, 1982)
Hayes, John. Introduction to the Bible (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1981)
Hays, Richard B. "Awaiting the Redemption of Our Bodies: The Witness of Scripture Concerning Homosexuality", in Jeffrey S. Siker ed. Homosexuality in the Church: Both Sides of theDebate, (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster/J. Knox Press, 1994) 3–17
Holder, John. 'Religion and Theology a Journey into the Experiential' JRT (1990) 5-17
Holder, John. 'The Issue of Race: A Search for a Biblical Perspective' JRT 49 (1992 – 93) 44–59
Horner, Tom. Jonathan Loved David : Homosexuality in Biblical Times, 1st ed. (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978)
Hvidberg, F.F. 'The Canaanite Background to Genesis 1–3' VT 10 (1960)
Jones, James. 'Making Space for Truth and Grace' in Kenneth Stevenson ed. A Fallible Church – Lambeth Essays (London: DLT, 2008)
Lasine, Stuart. "Guest and Host in Judges 19: Lot's Hospitality in an Inverted World," JSOT 29 (1984): 37–59
Lehrmam, Nat. The Nature of Sex (London: Sphere Books, 1970)
McKane, W. Proverbs (London: SCM, 1980)
Maly, Eugene 'Genesis' in Raymond Fitzmyer et al ed. The Jerome Biblical Commentary Vol 1 (London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1974)
Milgrom, Jacob. Leviticus : A Book of Ritual and Ethics, Continental Commentaries (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2004)
Murphy, Roland. 'Canticles of Canticles' in Raymond Fitzmyer et al ed. The Jerome Biblical Commentary Vol 1 (London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1974)
Niditch, Susan. "The 'Sodomite' Theme in Judges 19–20: Family, Community, and Social Disintegration," Catholic Biblical Quarterly 44 (1982): 375–78
Nissinen, Martti. Homoeroticism in the Biblical World : A Historical Perspective (Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Press, 1998)
Pope M. H. 'Fertility Cults', The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible (Nashville: Abingdon, 1981)
Pritchard, J. B. ed. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament ANET (Princeton: University Press, 1950)
Pritchard, J. B. ed. The Ancient Near East in Pictures ANEP (Princeton University Press, 1954)
Redford, Donald. A Study of the Biblical Story of Joseph VTS 90 (Leiden:Brill,1970)
Ringgren, Helmer. Israelite Religion (London: SPCK, 1966)
Rowley, H. H. 'The Interpretation of the Song of Songs'in Rowley ed. The Servant of the Lord and Other Essays on the Old Testament. (London: Lutterworth Press, 1952) 187–234
Sawyer, Deborah. God, Gender, and the Bible (London: Routledge, 2002)
Schmidt, Werner. Introduction to the Old Testament (London: SCM, 1984)
Soulen, Richard. Handbook of Biblical Criticism (London: Lutterworth, 1977)
Spina, Frank. The Faith of the Outsider (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2005)
Von Rad, Gerhard. Old Testament Theology Vol.I (New York: Harper and Row, 1962)
Von Rad, Gerhard. Old Testament Theology Vol.II (New York: Harper and Row, 1965)
Von Rad, Gerhard. 'The Joseph Narrative and Ancient Wisdom' in The Problem of the Hexateuch and Other Essays (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1966), 292–300.
Von Rad, Gerhard. Genesis (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1972)
Wenham, Gordon J. Genesis 16–50, Word Biblical Commentary ; Vol.2. (Dallas, Tex.: Word Books, 1994).
Whybray, Norman. Introduction to the Pentateuch (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)
Chapter 3 – Part 3
Achtemeier, Paul. J. The Quest for Unity in the New Testament Church: A Study in Paul and Acts, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987
Allison, James. Undergoing God. Dispatches from the Scene of a Break-In, London: Continuum, 2006
Aune, David Edward. Revelation 6–16, Word Biblical Commentary, Vol. 52b, Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1998
Barrett, C.K. A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, Black's New Testament Commentaries, London: A & C Black, 1968
Conzelmann, Hans. 1 Corinthians: A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, Hermeneia: A Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1975
Davies. W. D and Dale C. Allison. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew, Vol. 3, The International Critical Commentary, Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1997
Derrett, J. D. M. "Handing over to Satan": An Explanation of 1 Corinthians 5.1–7', Revue Internatioanle des Droits de L'Antiquite 26, 1979
DeYoung, James. B. Homosexuality: Contemporary Claims Examined in
Light of the Bible and Other Ancient Literature and Law, Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2000
Dunn, James D. G. Romans 1–8, Word Biblical Commentary, Vol. 38a, Dallas: Word Books, 1988
Fitzmyer Joseph A. The Gospel According to Luke: Introduction, Translation and Notes, 1st edn, Garden City: Doubleday, 1981
Fredrickson, David. E. "Natural and Unnatural Use in Romans 1.24–27: Paul and the Philosophic Critique of Eros", in Homosexuality, Science and the 'Plain Sense' of Scripture, ed. Balch, D. L, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000 pp. 197–241
Furnish, V. P. Ii Corinthians, The Anchor Bible, New York: Doubleday, 1984
Gagnon, Robert. The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics, Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001
Hays, Richard B. The Moral Vision of the New Testament: Community, Cross, New Creation: A Contemporary Introduction to New Testament Ethics, 1st edn, San Francisco: Harper, 1996
Hays, Richard. B. Relations Natural and Unnatural: A Response to John Boswell's Exegesis of Romans 1', Journal of Religious Ethics 14, 1986
Heth William A. and Gordon J. Wenham. Jesus and Divorce: The Problem with the Evangelical Consensus, Nashville: T. Nelson, 1985
Instone-Brewer, David. Divorce and Remarriage in the Bible: The Social and Literary Context, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002
Kasemann, Ernst. Commentary on Romans, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1980
Keener, Craig S. And Marries Another: Divorce and Remarriage in the Teaching of the New Testament, Peabody: Hendrickson, 1991
Knight, George W. The Pastoral Epistles: A Commentary on the Greek Text, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992
Martin, Dale. "Heterosexism and the Interpretation of Romans 1.18–32", in Sex and the Single Saviour
Martin, Dale. B "Arsenokoitês and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences", in Sex and the Single Savior: Gender and Sexuality in Biblical Interpretation, Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2006
Mussies, G. "Catalgoues of Sins and Virtues Personfied", in Studies in Gnosticism and Hellenistic Religions, (ed.) Broek, R. van den and Leiden Vermaseren, M. J, E. J. Brill, 1981
Nissinen, Martti. Homoeroticism in the Biblical World: A Historical Perspective, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1998
Nolland, John. Luke 18.35–24.53, Word Biblical Commentary, Vol. 35c, Dallas: Word Books, 1993
Phipps, William. E. "Was Jesus Married? The Distortion of Sexuality" in the Christian Tradition, 1st edn, New York: Harper & Row, 1970
Sanders, Jack. T. The Jews in Luke-Acts, 1st Fortress Press edn, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987
Scroggs, Robin. The New Testament and Homosexuality: Contextual Background for Contemporary Debate, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983
Thiselton, Anthony C. The First Epistle to the Corinthians: A Commentary on the Greek Text, The New International Greek Testament Commentary, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000
Thiselton, Anthony C. 1 Corinthians: A Shorter Exegetical and Pastoral Commentary, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006
Wenham Gordon J. et al. Remarriage after Divorce in Today's Church - 3 Views, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2006
Wiles, Maurice. Studies in Texts: Luke 20.34-36, Theology 50,1957
William, Louis. Countryman, Dirt, Greed and Sex: Sexual Ethics in the New Testament and Their Implications for Today, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1988
Wire, Antoinette Clark. The Corinthian Women Prophets: A Reconstruction through Paul's Rhetoric, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990
Witherington, Ben. Conflict and Community in Corinth: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1 and 2 Corinthians, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995
Wright, David. F. 'Homosexuals or Prostitutes? The Meaning of
[Arsenokoitai] (1 Corinthians 6.9, 1 Timothy 1.10)', Vigiliae Christianae 38, 1984
Wright, N.T "The Letter to the Romans", in The New Interpreter's Bible, Nashville: Abingdon Press
Ziesler, J.A. Paul's Letter to the Romans, Tpi New Testament Commentaries, London: Valley Forge: SCM; Trinity Press International, 1989
Oliver O'Donovan On the Thirty-nine ArticlesChapter 4
To Set Our Hope on Christ (New York: TEC, 2005)
Oliver O'Donovan, 'Good News for Gay Christians'
Tom Wright, 'New Perspectives on Paul', 10th Edinburgh Dogmatics Conference, 2003
The Archbishop of Canterbury's Advent Letter 2007
International Anglican conversations on Human Sexuality
Archbishop Peter Akinola, 'Why I Object to Homosexuality and Same-sex Unions'
'Church of Uganda Position Paper on Scripture, Authority, and Human Sexuality' (May 2005)
Steve Schuh Challenging Conventional Wisdom
Richard Burridge, 'Being Biblical? Slavery, Sexuality, and the Inclusive Community' (2007)
Brett Cane – The Bible and Homosexuality
Dale Martin 'The Misuse and Abuse of Scripture and Tradition'
Dale Martin 'There Is No One "Christian" Way to Interpret Scripture'
Deirdre Good 'Jesus' Family Values'
Edward Mills the Bible and Homosexuality
Modern Churchpeople's Union – The Bible and Homosexuality


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Archive for January, 2009
Perfect Kim
Kim Kardashian tries on a pair of fashionable fingerless gloves Thursday during a shopping spree with sis Kourtney at the Chanel boutique in Beverly Hills.
Mariah Warm Greetings
Mariah Carey gives a warm welcome to fans while stepping out in Park City, Utah, for the Sundance Film Festival. The night before, husband Nick Cannon deejayed at a kickoff party for the film fest at trendy club Harry O's.
Hudson the Bride
After soaking up the sun and fun in Hawaii, Kate Hudson gets back to work promoting her comedy Bride Wars in Berlin on Friday.
Celebrity in Aisle 7!
Lindsay Lohan picking up some groceries at gourmet market Pacific Coast Greens in Malibu during a sisters' day out with younger sister Ali on Thursday.
Tom's Signing Session
Tom Cruise knows how to please his fans! Tom stops for an autograph session after arriving in Seoul, South Korea, on Friday, where he will promote his World War II drama Valkyrie.
Mickey Rourke in L.A.
Mickey Rourke brings along his puppy after arriving at LAX on Thursday. The Wrestler star even thanked his favorite travel companion after collecting his best actor Golden Globe, saying, "sometimes when a man is alone, that's all you've got is your dog."
Duff Working Out.
Hilary Duff getting in back in shape Wednesday while leaving a local gym in Los Angeles.
Naomi Wrap
Naomi Watts staying toasty warm while dealing with the frigid weather on a stroll Thursday through New York City's Tribeca neighborhood.
Daily Jogger
Matthew McConaughey taking his daily jog Thursday in Malibu. McConaughey and his four-legged friend made their way to the beach, where they played a little fetch.
School Daze
Mark Wahlberg saying hello to camera's while he arrives to pick up his daughter from class Wednesday in Pacific Palisades, Calif.
Nick Pumping Iron
Nick Cannon pumping iron during a weight training session Friday with personal trainer Gunnar Peterson at the Gatorade G Gym at the Village at the Yard event center in Park City, Utah.
Hudson the Bride
After soaking up the sun and fun in Hawaii, Kate Hudson gets back to work promoting her comedy Bride Wars in Berlin on Friday.
Gwen Stefani shopping with son Zuma, who turns 5 months old on Jan. 21, during a trip to Fred Segal in Beverly Hills on Saturday.

subset: commoncrawl


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Posted: Thursday, April 17, 2008 12:00 am
Movie Reviews
Ben Campbell (Jim Sturgess) is a genius. At the top of his class at MIT, his mind can add, subtract, multiply and divide large numbers. He wants to attend Harvard Medical School, but there's a problem: money. "21" follows Ben as he is recruited to join a team of fellow students who spend weekends in Las Vegas playing blackjack. Professor Mickey Rosa (Kevin Spacey) has trained a team of students who count the cards in the shoe of eight decks used to deal at a blackjack table. One student sits at the table and counts the number of face cards, tens and aces played. When the shoe has lots of higher cards in it, the student signals another to come and play. All this adds up to big bucks. None of this is illegal, but the casinos don't like it because it costs them money. Cole Williams (Laurence Fishburne) is part of a security company that works to keep card cheats and counters out of the casinos. He does his work old school and is being pressured out of business by computer technology. He soon becomes aware of something going on with the large amounts of money being paid out at some tables. Ben begins as a nebbish, nerdy student with two similar friends. The three are highly intelligent, but socially inept. Ben starts acting differently as he goes deeper and deeper into the world of gambling. He spends less time with his friends and more time in his new world—which puts him on a collision course with Williams. He also loses one of his gifts: his ability not to get emotional. Instead of following the system laid out, he really starts to gamble. What "21" attempts to do is retell the old legend of Faust. Ben acts as Faust, who begins his journey thinking he will just get the money needed for medical school and get out. Professor Rosa is Mephistopheles, who offers Ben a means to an end. But once the hook is in, Rosa reels him deeper and deeper into a hedonistic life that one finds hard walking away from. There is nothing Ben can want that Rosa can't provide, meaning that Rosa has absolute power over Ben. He can insure that Ben gets grades when work is due but not done. He can also make Ben's life miserable, or destroy it completely. This morality play is light on the consequences of the characters' actions. It doesn't give us too many circumstances where we would see their behavior as something to avoid. Ben squires around the best-looking girl in the school (Kate Bosworth), with access to luxury suites and exotic bars. The cautionary aspects of this story are played out quickly and almost painlessly, which is sad. "21" is directed to younger viewers, and the message here is needed. Our culture teaches that riches and fame are possible; you just have to find the right angle. Grab all the money you can; it doesn't matter if you find a short cut. Take any road you want; just find your way to a big payday. This movie has the potential to point out the danger of this kind of thinking, but it does not. Jesus spoke clearly and forcefully about the path our lives should take. He said in Matthew 7: "Don't look for shortcuts to God. The market is flooded with surefire, easygoing formulas for a successful life that can be practiced in your spare time. Don't fall for that stuff, even though crowds of people do. The way to life—to God!—is vigorous and requires total attention." Mike Parnell is pastor of Beth Car Baptist Church in Halifax, Va. MPAA Rating: PG-13 for some violence, and sexual content including partial nudity. Director: Robert Luketic Writers: Peter Steinfeld and Allan Loeb Cast: Ben Campbell: Jim Sturgess; Prof. Mickey Rosa: Kevin Spacey; Cole Williams: Laurence Fishburne; Jill Taylor: Kate Bosworth; Choi: Aaron Yoo; Kianna: Liza Lapira; Jimmy Fisher: Jacob Pitts.
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Nick Trout, a veterinarian, writes a delightful story for pet-lovers. Estranged from his father, the vet pathologist Dr. Mills, returns to his hometown after a fourteen year absence. His father's much beloved veterinary practice, which he has left his son, is now debt-ridden and about to be taken over by the bank. Dr. Mills had hoped to sell the business and flee back to his southern retreat, ignoring the past and its memories. Now he's forced to either give up the business or make an effort to see patients in order to keep it at least temporarily afloat. That might involve getting too close for comfort.
Adult Recommendations
Mr. Rosenblum Dreams in English by Natasha Solomons
Mr. Rosenblum is a Jewish refugee who fled to England from Germany before the outbreak of WWII. He longs to be accepted as a true Englishman. As a profitable businessman, he buys the correct Savile Row suit, a Jaguar, and shops at Fortnum & Mason. But his Jewish background prevents his membership into a golf club, for him the ultimate sign of an English gentleman. In desperation he decides to build his own golf course which proves to be a greater endeavor than anticipated. The character is exasperating at times, but heartwarming overall, especially when you learn the author is writing about her grandfather.
Right Rose, Right Place by Peter Schneider
Anyone can grow a rose; success is dependent on the correct garden placement. Lucky for us the author's rose garden is in Ohio. Peter Schneider grows over 1200 roses in his garden, all are recommended for northern and Midwestern gardens. All levels of rose gardeners will enjoy this well written, detailed, and beautifully illustrated book.


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White Out
White Out
Known for centuries as Terra Incognita, Antarctica remains untamed and extreme. But it's also the most hauntingly beautiful place in the world. Story and photos by Marie Le Fort
As a child I grew up looking at atlases and mentally following the footsteps of my dad as he trekked the Himalayas. As a geologist and alpinist, he flew there twice a year for 30 years, and after two-month missions he would come home with stunning slides that he'd project onto a large screen once our homework was done. I used to go to bed dreaming about this world of snow and ice, where thin air and high altitudes were void of human presence. I remember thinking that beyond those ice-capped peaks, the next thing you could set your eyes on was the moon. When I was a little girl, the Himalayas were my last frontier. But as I got older, the place became less dreamlike. I remember my dad being really upset about how "paid" expeditions would take inexperienced hikers up Everest and how they'd leave empty oxygen bottles behind; the Himalayas he knew were being soiled to a point of no return. In 1996, he left Nepal behind, said his time was over, and never went back.
Last spring, while my dad was fighting a double cancer, I saw a film at a planetarium about an expedition to Antarctica. It moved me to tears as it brought back visions of the Annapurna chain we had trekked around. I realized Antarctica was today's Last Frontier and I decided to go there to pay tribute to my dad, not knowing whether he would make it through the year.
This past December, I flew into Buenos Aires from Sydney, where I was on assignment, joining another 200 guests from France (mainly), North America, mainland China, and Japan. From there we took a chartered flight to Ushuaia, Argentina—the most southern tip of South America—arriving during the "Patagonian Summer": five degrees Celsius and rain that would turn into snow at night. At last, both feet (still) grounded on Patagonian soil, I boarded L'Austral ship from La Compagnie du Ponant with both fear and excitement. It seemed huge, with its six decks and 100 cabins, but this is the only way to cross Drake's Passage and make it to Antarctica.
TOP: Coming out of the Lemaire Channel in the evening; CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: Gentoo and Adelie penguins walking in their own tracks; a Chinstrap Penguin nesting on Deception Island; Weddell seals near Petermann Island.
L'Austral ship exudes luxury—a crystal chandelier twinkles in the reception area, abstract artworks line the corridors, the restaurant features white tablecloths and sleek wine displays, and the spa and fitness area is as large and well-appointed as any on land. The 400-seat theatre—where we gathered during the day for expedition and safety briefs and wildlife conferences and lectures, and during the night for dance and musical performances—is clad in plush red velvet. My suite unfolded like a compact pied-à-terre with a private balcony, and everything had been carefully thought out, from L'Occitane amenities to crisp linens, iPhone docking stations, and carefully placed drawers and hooks. As a whole, everything suggested that the cruise would bring style to barren latitudes.
Outside, Ushuaia looked like a sleepy little town. There I grabbed a last piece of gear, checked emails, bought a few additional books and USB drives…just in case. It reminded me of Kathmandu, where all the alpinists would stock up on equipment. Ushuaia would be our first and last port of call on this cruise, as we would be at sea for 10 days and would come nowhere near any kind of port, village, or human activity. Except for a few scientific bases scattered around the continent (Antarctica is bigger in size than Europe), the polar land is void of inhabitants.
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Port Lockroy, which became the first British base in Antarctica in 1944, now houses a museum and the continent's sole post office; old gear and tools on Port Lockroy; a trio of Zodiacs coming to pick up guests after an excusion.
Dinner was served on board at around 8 p.m. as the ship left the harbour. With a hint of The Love Boat in the air, we crossed through the Beagle Channel thinking more about food and comfort than the extreme elements outside: There was champagne and whole roasted turkey, seared fish filets, French cheese platters, a dozen variety of pastries baked fresh each day…. "For now let them sing and dance; later on, conditions will become a lot harsher!" I remember one expedition guide saying.
No matter the time, night or day, we were always allowed outside on the viewing decks, and while it all looked calm and quiet at first, I knew that Cape Horn and the Furious Fifties awaited just a few degrees south. Seeing the sea shaping up to form foamy crests and swells, I suddenly realised why Antarctica is almost exclusively described using superlatives: You need to brave the extremities with humility to catch a first glimpse of it, starting with the extreme violence of the Drake Passage—a sailor's worst nightmare—which creates a wall around the white continent. Surrounded by polar waters (four or five degrees colder than the waters around Ushuaia) and intense winds that circle around with nothing to stop them (at this latitude, south of Australia and Africa, there is nothing but sea), Antarctica is secluded from the rest of the globe. With 98 percent of its surface covered with a layer of ice with an average thickness of 1.6 km, it is the world's largest icecap and freshwater reserve. Untouched, Antarctica is a miracle.
FROM TOP: an arch-shaped iceberg near Port Charcot; Deception Island welcomes a colony of 100,000 Chinstrap Penguins.
After 36 hours at sea, we finally spotted land. As human beings (packed like sardines on the upper deck), we wanted to believe in a land, a piece of tangible ground. But there is nothing like this: Antarctica is a white line that runs along the horizon. An imprint of the cold. Steeped in silence, its image oscillated between the roll of the boat and the impulses of the roaring wind. Most often, we looked at it from afar since we were only allowed to disembark once or twice a day, depending on the weather conditions and the accessibility of islands or land (ice fields are everywhere and the boat couldn't get anywhere near them). My first hours in Antarctica were like discovering a new language, experiencing the feeling of being lost in translation between the Earth and space, as if on another planet.
Everyday, our route varied depending on the quantity of ice and icebergs that we bumped into. The weather, too, constantly changed: We'd go from braving intense snow and blinding winds to sunbathing on the deck of the ship an hour later; or after an immaculate dawn with crystal clear skies, grey clouds would move in and turn the day dark. Getting four seasons in one day was definitely common. The first four days, we disembarked on islands to walk around penguins colonies and spot Weddell seals and sea lions. Sometimes we'd be surrounded by hundreds, thousands even, of penguins; since they have no predators on land save for the leopard seal, they weren't the least bit intimated by our presence. It was very rare that we actually saw the soil, since it was covered in rocks, snow, slush, or ice depending on the landing spot. Accompanied by our expedition guides, we trekked up small, inactive volcanoes and got close to glaciers. The guides—scientists and experts on polar life—were essential, constantly pointing out rare phenomenon or stressing the fragility of the ecosystem. They offered insights of the different natures of ice, pointed out the presence of rare bacteria under our feet, and told us about the birds' breeding seasons. On a cruise like this, there is what you see and then there is the Unknown—the guides provided a window onto the latter.
We were never able to go off exploring on our own without a guide, but the thrill of hearing nothing else than the wind rushing and the penguins squawking, ice cracking and icebergs rolling upside down, was enough to make our day. I loved not seeing any human presence other than my fellow shipmates; it was thrilling to walk on a barren continent where, most of the time, our footsteps were the first this season. But however intense the excursions, the best viewing point remained the boat, where we could track whales and cruise around icebergs, discover mountain ranges and spy on penguins.
As we began our trip back to Ushuaia after eight days aboard L'Austral, I realized how much I had become accustomed to seeing icebergs drifting alongside the ship. They inhabited the region like hundreds of evil spirits (or kami as the Japanese say), bending and widening into arches, and stretching—almost striding—toward sharp peaks. I had gone to Antarctica to discover nuances of white, but instead found glazes of faded blue, pale pink, and bright yellow, all unfolding in shades of grey. Antarctica was limitless, more than I could fathom.
Back home, I opened the atlas to trace our route and show it to my dad. "You really went to the one of the borders of the world," he said to me. "In my days, I went to the highest altitudes; you went to the furthest southern latitudes." I nodded. "Was it as quiet and noisy as the Himalayas?" he then asked. "Yes," I told him, "no human-made sounds, only the intense noise of the elements: waves crashing, wind howling, ice cracking, and the gushing breaths of the whales." He smiled, and so did I.
During all austral summers (late November to early March), L'Austral de Compagnie du Ponant sails in the waters around the Antarctic Peninsula. For more information, see ponant.com.


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Jeremy Valentine (vocals), Brandon Wolf (bass) & 12 year old guitarist Nik Kai
Nik Kai from Kemical Kill is a 12 year old metal guitar wiz who is opening some industry eyes
Posted By: Metal Sludge
Shooting Star –Every once in a while we feature some 'unknown' who we feel derserves some attention. Well Nik Kai isn't a super star yet – and he's not exactly 'unknown' but he's definitely on the rise. It seems a lot of people are noticing this pint sized metal head.
Nik has a laundry list of first class endorsements including Gibson, Marshall, Monster Energyand the always cool Coffin Case. He's even earned the nickname Coffinkid. The kid also scored Singerman Entertainment as management. This company also reps bands like Motorhead and Anthrax.
We pulled this Nik Kaibio off one of his sites.
NIK KAI is an 12 year old American heavy metal guitarist. Having only played guitar for 2 years Nik has incredible eye and hand coordination and an exceptional ear for music. Because of this his photographic memory gives him the ability to mimic music instantly and retain it.
NIK is racking up the musical achievements en masse. In addition to being featured on Howard Stern, various national television programs, winning LA Music Awards' 2011 Rock Guitarist of the year, being the youngest nominee in the history of the prestigious Metal Hammer UK's Golden God Awards, stunning the crowd at Dimebash 2011, becoming an endorsee for a veritable who's-who in the music industry, and playing with many of today's top players and musical legends, Nik now has his sights set on releasing his merchandise line, finishing his first album and touring the world.
In addition to his achievements that will solidify to the world he is the next guitar hero, Nik has embarked into another arena of the entertainment industry and is currently working on a reality television project with various artists, all while continuing to tour and collaborate on musical endeavors.
Monster Energy Music
Coffin Case
EMG Pickups
Marshall Amps
Rock N Roll GangStar
Kick Ass Cables
Kemical Kill singer Jeremy Valentine & Nik Kai lead guitarist
Nik & Slash
Nik Kai ripping leads
Nik & Lemmy
DJ Ashba & Nik Kai
Nik Kai @ WebSite – Facebook – ReverNation – Twitter – NAMM Video – Tumblr
Kemical Kill @ Facebook
Metal Sludge
Kemical Sludge


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Google Labs: Body Browser Project
Google has released a new project out of it's labs. Called the Body Browser, it allows a user to navigate the intricacies of the human body in 3D much the same way a person would explore the world using Google Earth. Making use of HTML5, it provides a very rich and interactive visual experience. This project provides an example of some of the useful ways that HTML5 can be used for seamless navigation and interaction with content.


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My Pet: FREE Tools to Care for Your Pet and Connect with Others
Are you looking for a name for your hunting dog? We have accumulated a list of great names for hunting dogs just for you!
Giving medication to a dog can be a real challenge. Here are some tips from our veterinarians and veterinary technicians on how to give your dog medications.
The truth about Meat By-Products in Pet Foods isn't a pretty story. One veterinarian will tell you the story.
Has your dog ever had an "accident" on the carpet, sofa or bedding that you couldn't get rid of? Here is our veterinarian advice.
We know how we feel towards our pets, but do they experience the same emotions toward us? Or is the bond simply a mixture of instinct, dependence and social role?
Some people may enjoy sleeping with their cat, but it's not for everybody. If you want your bed all to yourself, you can make a comfortable bed for your kitty or choose from the variety of plush feline beds at your pet store.
Obesity and diets are all over the news these days. And it carries over to kitties too. If "big is beautiful" then these cats have it made!
Some cat lovers use litter box liners (also known as litter pan liners) to help keep the box clean. Are they right for you? find out the pros and cons.
Why do cats yawn? Read about the most common theories.
In multi-cat homes, when one cat urinates outside the box it can be difficult to tell which one it is. Here are some tips on how to figure it out.
Tools to Care for Your Pet and Connect with Others!
Thank You!
Be the First to Know. Notify Me


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Dr. Jennifer Arnold attended the Shorty Awards in New York City on April 7, and she revealed to HollywoodLife.com some EXCLUSIVE details on the reason why she wanted to share her struggle, as well as a heartwarming update on her kids, Will and Zoey — including Will's favorite new word!
Jennifer Arnold and her charming family have stolen our hearts on their show The Little Couple, and they continue to do so with each new episode. HollywoodLife.com caught up with the now cancer-free mother-of-two at the Shorty Awards in New York City on April 7, and we are happy to report that she is feeling better than ever! Read on for our exclusive interview to find out how she's doing, and to find out what Will's new word is! Spoiler alert: it's pretty adorable.
'The Little Couple': Dr. Jennifer Arnold — Feeling Like Herself Again
On April 7 at the 6th annual Shorty Awards in New York City, The Little Couple's Jen won the Keep Good Going award for bringing awareness to cancer by sharing her scary experience on her show. The 40-year-old doctor and reality star spoke to HollywoodLife.com and showed us just how much of a trooper she is! While some would want to put their struggles behind them, Jennifer tackled hers head-on — as she always does.
"I'm really good. I am officially cancer-free," Jen told HollywoodLife.com. She also updated us on what the next few years are going to be like for her now that she is in remission: "very, very close monitoring for the next two years," Jen explained. "But knock on wood, hopefully [the cancer] stays [in remission]."
As of right now, Dr. Jen is solely focused on the fact that she is getting back into the swing of things. "I'm finally starting to get my energy back," she explained, "So, it's nice to start feeling like yourself again."
Jennifer has admitted that the decision to share her cancer struggle was difficult to make.
"It was a hard decision to make. It took me a couple of months before I was ready to make it public," she stated. However, the strong little lady is now glad that they decided to share their story.
"I always knew from the beginning that there would be a point when I should make it public because, first, it was a relief for me personally to get it out there but second, and most importantly, I was hoping that I could connect to other people that might be going through the same thing and hopefully help other people by sharing my story," she continued.
"I'm pretty much an open book as a general person, so the idea of sharing my whole cancer experience was just one other chapter that I thought I need to share."
Wow. Jen truly is an inspiration!
'The Little Couple': Dr. Jennifer Arnold Gushes Over Her Children
Of course, we also had to ask Jen about her adorable children — Will and Zoey!
Naturally, she could not help but gush about her cute little tots.
"They are learning more in terms of speech which is great to hear for sure," she revealed. "In fact, Will's new word — which is not a good one — is 'not.' When I say 'Will, let's go and put on your shoes,' he's like, 'I'm NOT, '" she explained. "He says it almost in a British accent and it's the most adorable thing in the world."
The happy doctor also revealed that little Will is very much in tune with all that has been going on with her health.
"He would tell me 'mommy's sick' and he would understand 'mommy doc,'" she stated. "When I take off my hair he'll rub my head and he'll be like, 'mommy come here.'"
How sweet!
What do you think, HollywoodLifers? Aren't you so excited to hear that Jen is doing so well? And how adorable is baby Will? What a little old man. We love it. Sound off below!
– Reporting by Amanda Michelle Steiner, Written by Stephanie Sengwe
More 'The Little Couple' News:
- 'The Little Couple' Recap: Jen Finally Finishes Her Intense Chemotherapy
- 'The Little Couple' Recap: Jen & Bill Celebrate Final Chemo Treatment With Kids
- 'The Little Couple' Recap: Jen Gets Exciting News About Her Health
View Comment
Posted at 3:38 PM on June 17, 2014
great news to hear Jen is in remission. I actually Love her Husband Bill, what a great guy who loves his wife no matter what. He is a great husband and father from what we see. This is the sweetest family ever, I hope the best for them truly. They have a very wholesome sweet show. It was hard to see her go thru cancer, but so heart warming how Bill stayed by her side thru it all. very sweet and inspiring. Of course love the kids and glad to see they are adjusting to their new home and parents.
Posted at 3:03 PM on June 13, 2014
I really like Jennifer & Bill but I don't like how she has that silly laugh all the time ! One of the kids could pick up on it :( I also would like to know why Will is still in a diaper ? I live in Canada where kids are toilet trained around age 2 and at all day school at age 4 !!
Posted at 3:39 PM on June 17, 2014
Posted at 8:06 PM on July 29, 2014
Posted at 11:21 PM on December 3, 2014
I stopped watching "The Little Couple" because I find Jen's constant, nervous laughter to be inexcusable and extremely annoying. She gets no slack for this just because she's 3 foot two or had a serious illness. She was doing this long before she got sick, and Amy from "Little People" doesn't emit giggling after every sentence, and neither do the other LP on these shows. Why hasn't the director pointed this habit out to Jen?
This doesn't mean she's a very happy person. She laughs/giggles at ANYTHING she says. This is not the mark of a happy person. It's the mark of a very nervous, neurosis-type person, akin to nail biting or constantly picking at one's skin or constantly fidgeting. She'll laugh after making the most mundane, casual comments: "I watered the plants, He-he-he-he-he-he-he-he-he-he-he-he." "I decided to do my shopping tomorrow, He-he-he-he-he-he-he-he-he-he-he-he,"
And people complain about BILL? How can Bill put up with Jen's incessant laughter? How does she even make it happen? Why didn't her ding-a-ling parents nip this dumb habit in the bud? I'm sure it didn't happen overnight when she was growing up, and I'm sure it didn't develop after she left home as an adult, either, but if it DID…it still wouldn't have just happened overnight. So why didn't those around her point this out?
There's no reason to believe I'm the only person who won't watch this show anymore. EVERY SINGLE SCENE with Jen, after nearly EVERY SINGLE thing she says, there's that neurotic giggling. Does she do this when explaining to a young patient's mother that their child needs surgery? I bet she does. That's how mindless and incessant it is.
We just love you guys. You two are a great couple. Keep the love that you all share. You have the most adorable kids. They are truly blessed to have you guys a parents. Thanks for sharing your cancer with the world. You continue to be in our prayers for a healthy happy life with your adorable family.. Just luv you guys
Posted at 11:56 PM on April 9, 2014
Posted at 8:04 PM on April 9, 2014


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I felt the same way when we stayed in Eastport. You put it very well, Randi! Did you eat at any of the local restaurants? Kristin and Steve are great hosts, aren't they?
Enjoyed talking to you today, Randi! Let me know if you need help moving (although I have a weak back, so nothing too heavy!)
Have enjoyed your photos...you'll have to see our video of Kristin and Steve's wedding, Eastport, and the surrounding area.
xxxooo, Sue
At Last
Trip Start
Jun 11, 2009
Trip End
Jul 17, 2009
Where I stayed
Delesdernier House
I am so happy that we finally arrived at our final destination. Tonight we are celebrating with our friends. We will be cooking up a feast of lobster, scallops, clams, and haddock! All of this, enough to feed seven people, cost $50.00 at the fish market. Maybe I will stay in Maine forever! Randi


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MEDFORD, Ore. — Two men who were caught on camera burglarizing a Medford business center, were caught on camera again for another crime, but this time the victim videotaped the men after he fought back.
Brandon Shawnego not only video-taped the two men, but he posted it on YouTube. Shawnego says he started recording because he wasn't sure if police would believe him.
The two men are 23-year-old Cameron Manning and 43-year-old Joseph Miyazaki. Shawnego says one of them asked him for a cigarette. When he told them he didn't have one, they got violent. They told him they were going to fight him. Shawnego says it was flight or fight.
"You know I had some Father's Day gifts from my children in my backpack, and I wasn't going to give it up, and I'm not going to be intimidated. If I could have walked away and just would have, but at the same time, if I had let them get my stuff and walk away they would have done it to someone else," said Brandon Shawnego.
Manning and Miyazki are known to law enforcement; they were arrested at the end of May. Police say the two were involved a Sparta Building burglary. Miyazki stole over $6,000 worth of electronics and equipment with another person. Manning was found with some of the stolen items.
Police say Shawnego was justified in his response to these two men. They say people can defend themselves, and Shawnego stopped fighting after the two men did.


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I'm a Canadian writer and photographer currently based in Australia. Writing is a way of indulging my curiosity about the world I live in. It gives me the excuse to delve into subjects in a way that most of us never have time for. I also get to ask those really juicy questions - the kind my mother said were impolite. I search out stories wherever I find myself and recent stories have included Raising a Child Dangerously, a story for Slate.com which was syndicated internationally and resulted in radio, TV and print interviews; an interview with astronaut Chris Hadfield for the Globe and Mail; The End of the Virtual Search Party for Men's Journal; and How to Survive Your Trip for Outside. I'm the author of the Complete Idiot's Guide to Sailing and coauthor of The Vancouver Island Book of Everything. My stories have appeared in magazines that include Reader's Digest, Men's Journal, Islands, Air Canada's enRoute; newspapers such as The Washington Post, The Guardian, The Independent, and The Globe and Mail; and online websites including Outside, Slate, Huffington Post, Travel + Leisure.com, Forbes.com and MSN.com. I'm an Editor at Large for Yachting Times magazine and a regular contributor to numerous sailing magazines. Editors say I'm easygoing and professional to work with and they repeatedly assign me stories that inform and entertain their readers. I also love taking on new challenges and working with new publications - so let me know what you need. |
© 2014 Diane Selkirk


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Internet marketing |
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Online advertising, also called online marketing or Internet advertising, is a form of marketing and advertising which uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers. It includes email marketing, search engine marketing (SEM), social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web banner advertising), and mobile advertising. Like other advertising media, online advertising frequently involves both a publisher, who integrates advertisements into its online content, and an advertiser, who provides the advertisements to be displayed on the publisher's content. Other potential participants include advertising agencies who help generate and place the ad copy, an ad server who technologically delivers the ad and tracks statistics, and advertising affiliates who do independent promotional work for the advertiser.
Online advertising is a large business and is growing rapidly. In 2011, Internet advertising revenues in the United States surpassed those of cable television and nearly exceeded those of broadcast television.[1]:19 In 2012, Internet advertising revenues in the United States totaled $36.57 billion, a 15.2% increase over the $31.74 billion in revenues in 2011.[1]:4–5 U.S. internet ad revenue hit a historic high of $20.1 billion for the first half of 2013, up 18% over the same period in 2012. [2] Online advertising is widely used across virtually all industry sectors.[1]:16
Many common online advertising practices are controversial and increasingly subject to regulation. Online ad revenues may not adequately replace other publishers' revenue streams. Declining ad revenue has led some publishers to hide their content behind paywalls.[3]
In early days of the Internet, online advertising wasn't allowed. For example, two of the predecessor networks to the Internet, ARPANET and NSFNet, had "acceptable use policies" that banned network "use for commercial activities by for-profit institutions".[4][5] The NSFNet began phasing out its commercial use ban in 1991.[6][7][8][9][10]
Email. The first widely publicized example of online advertising was conducted via electronic mail. On 3 May 1978, a marketer from DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation), Gary Thuerk, sent an email to most of the ARPANET's American west coast users, advertising an open house for a new model of a DEC computer.[5][11] Despite the prevailing acceptable use policies, electronic mail marketing rapidly expanded[12] and eventually became known as "spam."
The first known large-scale non-commercial spam message was sent on 18 January 1994 by an Andrews University system administrator, by cross-posting a religious message to all USENET newsgroups.[13] Four months later, Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel, partners in a law firm, broadly promoted their legal services in a USENET posting titled "Green Card Lottery – Final One?"[14] Canter and Siegel's Green Card USENET spam raised the profile of online advertising, stimulating widespread interest in advertising via both Usenet and traditional email.[13] More recently, spam has evolved into a more industrial operation, where spammers use armies of virus-infected computers (botnets) to send spam remotely.[11]
Display ads. Online banner advertising began in the early 1990s as page owners sought additional revenue streams to support their content. Commercial online service Prodigy displayed banners at the bottom of the screen to promote Sears products.[15] The first clickable web ad was sold by Global Network Navigator in 1993 to a Silicon Valley law firm.[16] In 1994, web banner advertising became mainstream when HotWired, the online component of Wired Magazine, sold banner ads to AT&T and other companies. The first AT&T ad on HotWired had a 44% click-through rate, and instead of directing clickers to AT&T's website, the ad linked to an online tour of seven of the world's most acclaimed art museums.[17][18]
Search ads. GoTo.com (renamed Overture in 2001, and acquired by Yahoo! in 2003) created the first search advertising keyword auction in 1998.[19]:119 Google launched its "AdWords" search advertising program in 2000[20] and introduced quality-based ranking allocation in 2002,[21] which sorts search advertisements by a combination of bid price and searchers' likeliness to click on the ads.[19]:123
Recent trends. More recently, companies have sought to merge their advertising messages into editorial content or valuable services. Examples include Red Bull's Red Bull Media House streaming Felix Baumgartner's jump from space online, Coca-Cola's online magazines, and Nike's free applications for performance tracking.[18] Advertisers are also embracing social media[22][23] and mobile advertising; mobile ad spending has grown 90% each year from 2010 to 2013.[1]:13
Display advertising conveys its advertising message visually using text, logos, animations, videos, photographs, or other graphics. Display advertisers frequently target users with particular traits to increase the ads' effect. Online advertisers (typically through their ad servers) often use cookies, which are unique identifiers of specific computers, to decide which ads to serve to a particular consumer. Cookies can track whether a user left a page without buying anything, so the advertiser can later retarget the user with ads from the site the user visited.[24]
As advertisers collect data across multiple external websites about a user's online activity, they can create a detailed picture of the user's interests to deliver even more targeted advertising. This aggregation of data is called behavioral targeting.[25] Advertisers can also target their audience by using contextual and semantic advertising to deliver display ads related to the content of the web page where the ads appear.[19]:118 Retargeting, behavioral targeting, and contextual advertising all are designed to increase an advertiser's return on investment, or ROI, over untargeted ads.[26]
Advertisers may also deliver ads based on a user's suspected geography through geotargeting. A user's IP address communicates some geographic information (at minimum, the user's country or general region). The geographic information from an IP can be supplemented and refined with other proxies or information to narrow the range of possible locations.[27] For example, with mobile devices, advertisers can sometimes use a phone's GPS receiver or the location of nearby mobile towers.[28] Cookies and other persistent data on a user's machine may provide help narrowing a user's location further.[27]
Web banners or banner ads typically are graphical ads displayed within a web page. Many banner ads are delivered by a central ad server.
Banner ads can use rich media to incorporate video, audio, animations, buttons, forms, or other interactive elements using Java applets, HTML5, Adobe Flash, and other programs.
Frame ads were the first form of web banners.[17] The colloquial usage of "banner ads" often refers to traditional frame ads. Website publishers incorporate frame ads by setting aside a particular space on the web page. The Interactive Advertising Bureau's Ad Unit Guidelines proposes standardized pixel dimensions for ad units.[citation needed]
A pop-up ad is displayed in a new web browser window that opens above a website visitor's initial browser window.[29] A pop-under ad opens a new browser window under a website visitor's initial browser window.[1]:22
A floating ad, or overlay ad, is a type of rich media advertisement that appears superimposed over the requested website's content. Floating ads may disappear or become less obtrusive after a preset time period.
An expanding ad is a rich media frame ad that changes dimensions upon a predefined condition, such as a preset amount of time a visitor spends on a webpage, the user's click on the ad, or the user's mouse movement over the ad.[30] Expanding ads allow advertisers to fit more information into a restricted ad space.
A trick banner is a banner ad where the ad copy imitates some screen element users commonly encounter, such as an operating system message or popular application message, to induce ad clicks.[31] Trick banners typically do not mention the advertiser in the initial ad, and thus they are a form of bait-and-switch.[32][33] Trick banners commonly attract a higher-than-average click-through rate, but tricked users may resent the advertiser for deceiving them.[34]
An interstitial ad displays before a user can access requested content, sometimes while the user is waiting for the content to load.[35] Interstitial ads are a form of interruption marketing.[36][37]
A text ad displays text-based hyperlinks. Text-based ads may display separately from a web page's primary content, or they can be embedded by hyperlinking individual words or phrases to advertiser's websites. Text ads may also be delivered through email marketing or text message marketing. Text-based ads often render faster than graphical ads and can be harder for ad-blocking software to block.[38]
Search engine marketing, or SEM, is designed to increase a website's visibility in search engine results pages (SERPs). Search engines provide sponsored results and organic (non-sponsored) results based on a web searcher's query.[19]:117 Search engines often employ visual cues to differentiate sponsored results from organic results. Search engine marketing includes all of an advertiser's actions to make a website's listing more prominent for topical keywords.
Search engine optimization, or SEO, attempts to improve a website's organic search rankings in SERPs by increasing the website content's relevance to search terms. Search engines regularly update their algorithms to penalize poor quality sites that try to game their rankings, making optimization a moving target for advertisers.[39][40][41] Many vendors offer SEO services.[1]:22
Sponsored search (also called sponsored links, search ads, or paid search) allows advertisers to be included in the sponsored results of a search for selected keywords. Search ads are often sold via real-time auctions, where advertisers bid on keywords.[19]:118[42] In addition to setting a maximum price per keyword, bids may include time, language, geographical, and other constraints.[19]:118 Search engines originally sold listings in order of highest bids.[19]:119 Modern search engines rank sponsored listings based on a combination of bid price, expected click-through rate, keyword relevancy and site quality.[21]
Social media marketing is commercial promotion conducted through social media websites. Many companies promote their products by posting frequent updates and providing special offers through their social media profiles.[43]
Mobile advertising is ad copy delivered through wireless mobile devices such as smartphones, feature phones, or tablet computers. Mobile advertising may take the form of static or rich media display ads, SMS (Short Message Service) or MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) ads, mobile search ads, advertising within mobile websites, or ads within mobile applications or games (such as interstitial ads, "advergaming," or application sponsorship).[1]:23 Industry groups such as the Mobile Marketing Association have attempted to standardize mobile ad unit specifications, similar to the IAB's efforts for general online advertising.[37]
Mobile advertising is growing rapidly for several reasons. There are more mobile devices in the field, connectivity speeds have improved (which, among other things, allows for richer media ads to be served quickly), screen resolutions have advanced, mobile publishers are becoming more sophisticated about incorporating ads, and consumers are using mobile devices more extensively.[1]:14 The Interactive Advertising Bureau predicts continued growth in mobile advertising with the adoption of location-based targeting and other technological features not available or relevant on personal computers.[1]:14 In July 2014 Facebook reported advertising revenue for the June 2014 quarter of $2.68 billion, an increase of 67 per cent over the second quarter of 2013. Of that, mobile advertising revenue accounted for around 62 per cent, an increase of 41 per cent on the previous year.
Email advertising is ad copy comprising an entire email or a portion of an email message.[1]:22 Email marketing may be unsolicited, in which case the sender may give the recipient an option to opt-out of future emails, or it may be sent with the recipient's prior consent (opt-in).
As opposed to static messaging, chat advertising refers to real time messages dropped to users on certain sites. This is done by the usage of live chat software or tracking applications installed within certain websites with the operating personnel behind the site often dropping adverts on the traffic surfing around the sites. In reality this is a subset of the email advertising but different because of its time window.
Online classified advertising is advertising posted online in a categorical listing of specific products or services. Examples include online job boards, online real estate listings, automotive listings, online yellow pages, and online auction-based listings.[1]:22 Craigslist and eBay are two prominent providers of online classified listings.
Adware is software that, once installed, automatically displays advertisements on a user's computer. The ads may appear in the software itself, integrated into web pages visited by the user, or in pop-ups/pop-unders.[44] Adware installed without the user's permission is a type of malware.[45]
Affiliate marketing (sometimes called lead generation) occurs when advertisers organize third parties to generate potential customers for them. Third-party affiliates receive payment based on sales generated through their promotion.[1]:22 Affiliate marketers generate traffic to offers from affiliate networks, and when the desired action is taken by the visitor, the affiliate earns a commission. These desired actions can be an email submission, a phone call, filling out an online form, or an online order being completed.
Advertisers and publishers use a wide range of payment calculation methods. In 2012, advertisers calculated 32% of online advertising transactions on a cost-per-impression basis, 66% on customer performance (e.g. cost per click or cost per acquisition), and 2% on hybrids of impression and performance methods.[1]:17
Cost per mille, often abbreviated to CPM, means that advertisers pay for every thousand displays of their message to potential customers (mille is the Latin word for thousand). In the online context, ad displays are usually called "impressions." Definitions of an "impression" vary among publishers,[46] and some impressions may not be charged because they don't represent a new exposure to an actual customer.[47] Advertisers can use technologies such as web bugs to verify if an impression is actually delivered.[48][49]:59
Publishers use a variety of techniques to increase page views, such as dividing content across multiple pages, repurposing someone else's content, using sensational titles, or publishing tabloid or sexual content.[50]
CPM advertising is susceptible to "impression fraud," and advertisers who want visitors to their sites may not find per-impression payments a good proxy for the results they desire.[51]:1–4
CPC (Cost Per Click) or PPC (Pay per click) means advertisers pay each time a user clicks on the ad. CPC advertising works well when advertisers want visitors to their sites, but it's a less accurate measurement for advertisers looking to build brand awareness.[52] CPC's market share has grown each year since its introduction, eclipsing CPM to dominate two-thirds of all online advertising compensation methods.[1]:18[51]:1
Like impressions, not all recorded clicks are valuable to advertisers. GoldSpot Media reported that up to 50% of clicks on static mobile banner ads are accidental and resulted in redirected visitors leaving the new site immediately.[53]
Cost per engagement aims to track not just that an ad unit loaded on the page (i.e., an impression was served), but also that the viewer actually saw and/or interacted with the ad.[54][55]
Cost per view video advertising. Both Google and TubeMogul endorsed this standardized CPV metric to the IAB's (Interactive Advertising Bureau) Digital Video Committee, and it's garnering a notable amount of industry support.[56]
CPA (Cost Per Action or Cost Per Acquisition) or PPP (Pay Per Performance) advertising means the advertiser pays for the number of users who perform a desired activity, such as completing a purchase or filling out a registration form. Performance-based compensation can also incorporate revenue sharing, where publishers earn a percentage of the advertiser's profits made as a result of the ad. Performance-based compensation shifts the risk of failed advertising onto publishers.[51]:4, 16
Fixed cost compensation means advertisers pay a fixed cost for delivery of ads online, usually over a specified time period, irrespective of the ad's visibility or users' response to it.
The low costs of electronic communication reduce the cost of displaying online advertisements compared to offline ads. Online advertising, and in particular social media, provides a low-cost means for advertisers to engage with large established communities.[43] Advertising online offers better returns than in other media.[51]:1
Online advertisers can collect data on their ads' effectiveness, such as the size of the potential audience or actual audience response,[19]:119 how a visitor reached their advertisement, whether the advertisement resulted in a sale, and whether an ad actually loaded within a visitor's view.[48][49]:59 This helps online advertisers improve their ad campaigns over time.
Advertisers have a wide variety of ways of presenting their promotional messages, including the ability to convey images, video, audio, and links. Unlike many offline ads, online ads also can be interactive.[18] For example, some ads let users input queries[57] or let users follow the advertiser on social media.[58] Online ads can even incorporate games.[59]
Publishers can offer advertisers the ability to reach customizable and narrow market segments for targeted advertising. Online advertising may use geo-targeting to display relevant advertisements to the user's geography. Advertisers can customize each individual ad to a particular user based on the user's previous preferences.[26] Advertisers can also track whether a visitor has already seen a particular ad in order to reduce unwanted repetitious exposures and provide adequate time gaps between exposures.[60]
Online advertising can reach nearly every global market, and online advertising influences offline sales.[61][62][63]
Once ad design is complete, online ads can be deployed immediately. The delivery of online ads does not need to be linked to the publisher's publication schedule. Furthermore, online advertisers can modify or replace ad copy more rapidly than their offline counterparts.[64]
Eye-tracking studies have shown that Internet users often ignore web page zones likely to contain display ads (sometimes called "banner blindness"), and this problem is worse online than in offline media.[65] On the other hand, studies suggest that even those ads "ignored" by the users may influence the user subconsciously.[66]
There are numerous ways that advertisers can be overcharged for their advertising. For example, click fraud occurs when a publisher or third parties click (manually or through automated means) on a CPC ad with no legitimate buying intent.[67] For example, click fraud can occur when a competitor clicks on ads to deplete its rival's advertising budget, or when publishers attempt to manufacture revenue.[67]
Click fraud is especially associated with pornography sites. In 2011, certain scamming porn websites launched dozens of hidden pages on each visitor's computer, forcing the visitor's computer to click on hundreds of paid links without the visitor's knowledge.[68]
As with offline publications, online impression fraud can occur when publishers overstate the number of ad impressions they have delivered to their advertisers. To combat impression fraud, several publishing and advertising industry associations are developing ways to count online impressions credibly.[69][70]
Because users have different operating systems, web browsers[71] and computer hardware (including mobile devices and different screen sizes), online ads may appear to users differently from how the advertiser intended, or the ads may not display properly at all. A 2012 comScore study revealed that, on average, 31% of ads were not "in-view" when rendered, meaning they never had an opportunity to be seen.[72] Rich media ads create even greater compatibility problems, as some developers may use competing (and exclusive) software to render the ads (see e.g. Comparison of HTML 5 and Flash).[73]
Furthermore, advertisers may encounter legal problems if legally required information doesn't actually display to users, even if that failure is due to technological heterogeneity.[74]:i In the United States, the FTC has released a set of guidelines indicating that it's the advertisers' responsibility to ensure the ads display any required disclosures or disclaimers, irrespective of the users' technology.[74]:4–8
Ad-blocking, or ad filtering, means the ads do not appear to the user because the user uses technology to screen out ads. Many browsers block unsolicited pop-up ads by default.[75] Other software programs or browser add-ons may also block the loading of ads, or block elements on a page with behaviors characteristic of ads (e.g. HTML autoplay of both audio and video). Approximately 9% of all online page views come from browsers with ad-blocking software installed,[76] and some publishers have 40%+ of their visitors using ad-blockers.[3]
Some web browsers offer privacy modes where users can hide information about themselves from publishers and advertisers. Among other consequences, advertisers can't use cookies to serve targeted ads to private browsers. Most major browsers have incorporated Do Not Track options into their browser headers, but the regulations currently are only enforced by the honor system.[77][78][79]
The collection of user information by publishers and advertisers has raised consumer concerns about their privacy.[27][49] Sixty percent of Internet users would use Do Not Track technology to block all collection of information if given an opportunity.[80][81] Over half of all Google and Facebook users are concerned about their privacy when using Google and Facebook, according to Gallup.[82]
Many consumers have reservations about by online behavioral targeting. By tracking users' online activities, advertisers are able to understand consumers quite well. Advertisers often use technology, such as web bugs and respawning cookies, to maximizing their abilities to track consumers.[49]:60[83][84] According to a 2011 survey conducted by Harris Interactive, over half of Internet users had a negative impression of online behavioral advertising, and forty percent feared that their personally-identifiable information had been shared with advertisers without their consent.[85][86] Consumers can be especially troubled by advertisers targeting them based on sensitive information, such as financial or health status.[83]
Scammers can take advantage of consumers' difficulties verifying an online persona's identity,[87]:1 leading to artifices like phishing (where scam emails look identical to those from a well-known brand owner)[88] and confidence schemes like the Nigerian "419" scam.[89][90][91] The Internet Crime Complaint Center received 289,874 complaints in 2012, totaling over half a billion dollars in losses, most of which originated with scam ads.[92][93]
Consumers also face malware risks when interacting with online advertising. Cisco's 2013 Annual Security Report revealed that clicking on ads was 182 times more likely to install a virus on a user's computer than surfing the Internet for porn.[94][95]
The Internet's low cost of disseminating advertising contributes to spam, especially by large-scale spammers. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to combat spam, ranging from blacklists to regulatorily-required labeling to content filters, but most of those efforts have adverse collateral effects, such as mistaken filtering.[5]
In general, consumer protection laws apply equally to online and offline activities.[74]:i However, there are questions over which jurisdiction's laws apply and which regulatory agencies have enforcement authority over transborder activity.[96]
As with offline advertising, industry participants have undertaken numerous efforts to self-regulate and develop industry standards or codes of conduct. Several United States advertising industry organizations jointly published Self-Regulatory Principles for Online Behavioral Advertising based on standards proposed by the FTC in 2009.[97] European ad associations published a similar document in 2011.[98] Primary tenets of both documents include consumer control of data transfer to third parties, data security, and consent for collection of certain health and financial data.[97]:2–4 Neither framework, however, penalizes violators of the codes of conduct.[99]
Privacy regulation can require users' consent before an advertiser can track the user or communicate with the user. However, affirmative consent ("opt in") can be difficult and expensive to obtain.[49]:60 Industry participants often prefer other regulatory schemes.
Different jurisdictions have taken different approaches to privacy issues with advertising. The United States has specific restrictions on online tracking of children in the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA),[97]:16–17 and the FTC has recently expanded its interpretation of COPPA to include requiring ad networks to obtain parental consent before knowingly tracking kids.[100] Otherwise, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission frequently supports industry self-regulation, although increasingly it has been undertaking enforcement actions related to online privacy and security.[101] The FTC has also been pushing for industry consensus about possible Do Not Track legislation.
In contrast, the European Union's "Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive" restricts websites' ability to use consumer data much more comprehensively. The EU limitations restrict targeting by online advertisers; researchers have estimated online advertising effectiveness decreases on average by around 65% in Europe relative to the rest of the world.[49]:58
Many laws specifically regulate the ways online ads are delivered. For example, online advertising delivered via email is more regulated than the same ad content delivered via banner ads. Among other restrictions, the U.S. CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 requires that any commercial email provide an opt-out mechanism.[96] Similarly, mobile advertising is governed by the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (TCPA), which (among other restrictions) requires user opt-in before sending advertising via text messaging.


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Lady Gaga has tapped two fashion houses — Armani and Prada — to help outfit her for the overseas leg of her Monster Ball tour, which began last week in Manchester. Giorgio Armani, who dressed the singer for the Grammys, fashioned four separate looks, including two sparkly bodysuits, an iridescent mini-dress and a floor-length black patent trench coat. (The designer also created custom shoes and sunglasses to go with each ensemble.)
Prada, meanwhile, whipped up an 18th century-inspired hoop dress made of camel-colored ciré (a shiny plastic jersey blend.)


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Father's Day is this Sunday. What better way to say thanks to the fatherly figure in your life than with wine? Here are wines, and other things, that your dad would love.
1. 2010 Ehlers Estate 1886 Cabernet Sauvignon – $95
This full-bodied, tannic wine is a collector's item. Any wine drinker would want this in their cellar, reserved for special occasions. Ehlers is among the most prestigious wineries in the Napa Valley. The 1886 Cabernet Sauvignon, named after the historic stone winery built in 1886, is the epitome of a Napa Valley Cabernet at its best.
2. Govino Wine Glass Shatterproof, Set of 4 – $12
My dad spends a lot of time outdoors. These stem less, plastic wine glasses are perfect for picnics, outdoor concerts, and camping trips. The glass is indestructible! You can use this glass for red and white wines.
3. True Fabrications Wine Infused BBQ Blocks (made from recycled and used wine barrels) – $9.00
This is a great gift for wine lovers who love to be behind the grill. These BBQ blocks are made from used wine barrels that have been used for wine production for 2 -5 years. The flavors emitted from these blocks is fantastic!
4. Deluxe Home Wine Making Kit – $120
Make wine at home with this home winery kit! Make 2 cases of wine from one 6 gallon vat. Everything you need to make quality wine is included. Not only is it fun to make wine at home, its fun to drink it when all is said and done.
5. 2011 Landmark Vineyards Overlook Chardonnay – $25
This Sonoma County Chardonnay is well-balanced with its modest oak presence and hints of honeysuckle and nectarine. The grapes used for production are sourced from 21 different vineyards spanning from Sonoma County to Santa Barbara.
6. Mumm Napa Brut Prestige- $20
Bubbles are always a safe bet! Mumm Napa's Brut Prestige is a perfectly balanced sparkling wine made from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Just the right amount of acidity highlights the crisp citrus flavors of this wine. What's equally as impressive is that this sparkling is made in the "Traditional Method". The production process is similar to that of the bubbles originating in Campagne, France – a secondary fermentation takes place in the bottle, creating the carbonation and bubbles that we all love.


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USD/LERN Master of Arts in EDAD
The Master of Arts in Educational Administration, with a specialization in Adult & Higher Education, is a distinctive master's degree that combines the academic, theoretical and research findings of adult and continuing education with the practical application of the responsibilities and duties of adult and continuing education administrators. This one-of-a-kind degree program is made possible through a collaboration with the University of South Dakota and the Learning Resources Network (LERN).
This unique program has been designed at the request of adult and continuing education administrators interested in receiving graduate credit by combining the practical, professional education that LERN offers with essential academic education from the University of South Dakota, a highly respected higher education institution.
The combination of USD curriculum and LERN institutes and courses allows working professionals to gain extensive knowledge in the area of adult and higher education, as well as to obtain practical tools that are applicable and beneficial to their organization.
USD Course Requirements for MA in EDAD
LERN Seminars
LERN Online Courses