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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
V(D)J recombination, also known as somatic recombination, is a mechanism of genetic recombination in the early stages of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptors (TCR) production of the immune system. V(D)J recombination takes place in the primary lymphoid tissue (the bone marrow for B cells, and Thymus for T cells). V(D)J recombination nearly randomly combines Variable, Diverse, and Joining gene segments in vertebrate lymphocytes, and because of its randomness in choosing different genes, is able to diversely encode proteins to match antigens from bacteria, viruses, parasites, dysfunctional cells such as tumor cells,[1] and pollens.
For discoveries concerning V(D)J recombination as genetic basis of antibody diversity Susumu Tonegawa was awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1987.
Human antibody molecules (and B cell receptors) are composed of heavy and light chains with both constant (C) and variable (V) regions that are encoded by genes on three loci.
Each heavy chain and light chain gene contains multiple copies of three different types of gene segments for the variable regions of the antibody proteins. For example, the immunoglobulin heavy chain region contains 2 Constant (Cμ and Cδ) gene segments, 44 Variable (V) gene segments[2] plus 27 Diversity (D) gene segments and 6 Joining (J) gene segments.[3] The light chains also possess 2 Constant (Cμ and Cδ) gene segments and numerous V and J gene segments, but do not have D gene segments. DNA rearrangement causes one copy of each type of gene segment to go in any given lymphocyte, generating an enormous antibody repertoire; roughly 3×1011 combinations are possible, although some are removed due to self reactivity.
Most T cell receptors are composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. The T cell receptor genes are similar to immunoglobulin genes in that they too contain multiple V, D and J gene segments in their beta chains (and V and J gene segments in their alpha chains) that are rearranged during the development of the lymphocyte to provide that cell with a unique antigen receptor.
Failure of the cell to create a successful product that does not self-react leads to apoptosis. Autoimmunity is prevented by eliminating lymphocytes that self-react in the thymus by testing them against an array of self antigens expressed through the function of Aire.
In the developing B cell, the first recombination event to occur is between one D and one J gene segment of the heavy chain locus. Any DNA between these two gene segments is deleted. This D-J recombination is followed by the joining of one V gene segment, from a region upstream of the newly formed DJ complex, forming a rearranged VDJ gene segment. All other gene segments between V and D segments are now deleted from the cell's genome. Primary transcript (unspliced RNA) is generated containing the VDJ region of the heavy chain and both the constant mu and delta chains (Cμ and Cδ). (i.e. the primary transcript contains the segments: V-D-J-Cμ-Cδ). The primary RNA is processed to add a polyadenylated (poly-A) tail after the Cμ chain and to remove sequence between the VDJ segment and this constant gene segment. Translation of this mRNA leads to the production of the Ig μ heavy chain protein.
The kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) chains of the immunoglobulin light chain loci rearrange in a very similar way, except the light chains lack a D segment. In other words, the first step of recombination for the light chains involves the joining of the V and J chains to give a VJ complex before the addition of the constant chain gene during primary transcription. Translation of the spliced mRNA for either the kappa or lambda chains results in formation of the Ig κ or Ig λ light chain protein.
Assembly of the Ig μ heavy chain and one of the light chains results in the formation of membrane bound form of the immunoglobulin IgM that is expressed on the surface of the immature B cell.
During thymocyte development, the T cell receptor (TCR) chains undergo essentially the same sequence of ordered recombination events as that described for immunoglobulins. D-to-J recombination occurs first in the β chain of the TCR. This process can involve either the joining of the Dβ1 gene segment to one of six Jβ1 segments or the joining of the Dβ2 gene segment to one of seven Jβ2 segments. DJ recombination is followed (as above) with Vβ-to-DβJβ rearrangements. All gene segments between the Vβ-Dβ-Jβ gene segments in the newly formed complex are deleted and the primary transcript is synthesized that incorporates the constant domain gene (Vβ-Dβ-Jβ-Cβ). mRNA transcription splices out any intervening sequence and allows translation of the full length protein for the TCR Cβ chain.
The rearrangement of the alpha (α) chain of the TCR follows β chain rearrangement, and resembles V-to-J rearrangement described for Ig light chains (see above). The assembly of the β- and α- chains results in formation of the αβ-TCR that is expressed on a majority of T cells.
The regional gene segments (V, D, J) are flanked by Recombination Signal Sequences (RSSs) that are recognized by a group of enzymes known collectively as the VDJ recombinase. RSSs are composed of seven conserved nucleotides (a heptamer) that reside next to the gene encoding sequence followed by a spacer (containing either 12 or 23 unconserved nucleotides) followed by a conserved nonamer (9 base pairs). The RSSs are present on the 3' side (downstream) of a V region and the 5' side (upstream) of the J region. These are the sides that will be involved in the joining. Only a pair of dissimilar spacer RSSs are efficiently recombined (i.e. one with a spacer of 12 nucleotides will be recombined with one that has a spacer containing 23 nucleotides). This is known as the 12/23 rule of recombination (or "one turn/two turn" rule).
VDJ recombinase refers to a collection of enzymes some of which are lymphocyte specific, and some that are expressed in many cell types. The initial steps of VDJ recombination are carried out by critical lymphocyte specific enzymes, called recombination-activating gene-1 and -2 (Rag1 and Rag2). These enzymes associate with each other to recognize the RSS sequences and induce DNA cleavage at the RSS sequences. This cleavage only takes place on one strand of DNA, which leads to a nucleotide attack and creation of a hairpin loop.
Other enzymes of the VDJ recombinase are expressed in multiple cell types and are involved in DNA repair following the activity of RAG1 and RAG2. RAG1 is homologous to transposase.[4] One of these enzymes is called the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex (DNA-PK) that repairs double-stranded DNA. DNA-PK binds to each end of the broken DNA and recruits several other proteins, including Artemis nuclease, XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing factor 4), DNA ligase IV, Cernunnos (also called XLF or XRCC4-like factor), and any of several DNA polymerases. DNA-PK complexes on each DNA end phosphorylate (add phosphate groups to) each other, resulting in activation of Artemis. Artemis then breaks the hairpin loop that was formed by the RAG proteins.[5] XRCC4 and Cernunnos act in concert with DNA-PK to align the two DNA ends with each other, and also help to recruit the enzyme, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), which adds nucleotides randomly to the ends, providing junctional diversity. DNA polymerases λ and μ insert additional nucleotides as needed to make the two ends compatible for joining. Ligase IV finally links DNA strands on opposite ends of the break to each other, completing the joining process.[6]
Because of the variability in the exact position of cleavage of the hairpin loop by Artemis, as well as the random nucleotide addition by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), the final DNA sequence, and thus the sequence of the resulting antibody, is highly variable, even when the same two V, D, or J segments are joined. This great diversity allows VDJ recombination to generate antibodies, even to epitopes that neither the organism nor its ancestors have ever previously encountered.


text: A learning community has a distinctive set of values and qualities which support individual growth and development. These values emerge from and reinforce the finest traditions and heritage of the College. By creating and maintaining rich relationships with the world beyond, the College prepares students for engagement in the local, national, and international communities and connects them with the larger Bowdoin family.

subset: commoncrawl


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Blackstock's Collections
Blackstock's Collections: The Drawings of an Artistic Savant by Gregory L. Blackstock is a nifty little paperback filled with exquisite black and white drawings that make up visual lists. Blackstock, who is autistic, started making his lists at the age of 40. The lists, ranging from different types of knots, buoys, oriental temples, noisemakers, hoes, crows, balls, Irish joys and many more, are comprised of incredibly detailed drawings, complete with captions and notes. This book is a treat.
Paperback, 144 pages. Princeton Architectural Press, 2007. $13.57 at Amazon.


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Still Not Getting It
Giles also offered a unwitting variation on Myers' own statement following his arrest that he was "sorry it had to go public" by telling reporter Todd Zolecki "The best thing about the last two weeks was I was in Italy, so I didn't get into that [Myers] mess."
Talk about addressing difficult matters head on. Maybe Giles was out of cell phone range, though having been in Italy within the last few years that is impossible to imagine.
All of this is in aid of at least one indisputable fact: the Phillies are sticking by Brett Myers. Get used to seeing him in red pinstripes, fans.
Giles also dismissed notions that maybe the Phillies' current committee of owners should consider selling. Over his dead body…and ours.
* * * * * * * * *
Say it ain't so, RyHo!
Look out Phillies' fans, another of your favorite sons has won the All-Star Game Home Run Derby.
Ryan Howard altered his batting practice swing for the occasion and bested the Mets' David Wright for this year's crown. In doing so, Howard admitted freely ahead of the competition that he normally doesn't swing for the fences (or in this case the Allegheny River) during BP. The operative word here is "normally" and we can only hope the temporary change doesn't come back to haunt Howard like it did last year's winner, fellow Phillie Bobby Abreu.
It is worth noting almost all of Howard's home runs last night were to center and right field whereas during the course of the regular season the majority of his taters are hit to left field.
If Howard's home run production falls off for the remainder of the season look for the Phillies to insert new language in every player's future contracts. Just after the line that offers a $75,000 bonus to any player who makes the All-Star squad and a $100,000 bonus for being name a starter, there should be a line requiring that any player who agrees to participate in the Home Run Derby will have to pay the Phillies the same amounts listed above.
* * * * * * * * *
Speaking of the Home Run Derby, how about those flashy uniforms the NL All-Stars were sporting? I am a sucker for bright yellow with red mixed in, so Howard's Phillies cap was a perfect match for his striking uniform. It's time for the Phillies to rethink their regular season uniforms. Maybe that's the problem with this team: they literally look dull!!


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French Connection II
action & adventure, drama, thrillers
A hard-boiled New York cop, Popeye Doyle, travels to Marseilles to continue his relentless pursuit of an international drug dealer.
© 1975 Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation.
Gene Hackman, Fernando Rey, Bernard Fresson, Philippe Léotard, Jean-Pierre Castaldi, Charles Millot, Ed Lauter, Cathleen Nesbitt, Pierre Collet, Alexandre Fabre
movie reviews from Rotten Tomatoes®
reviews counted: 11see all French Connection II reviews -
Top Critic Reviews
Fresh: If you take away comparisons with the original, it's a reasonably solid, if flawed, crime thriller; but it does shrink into the shadow cast by its vastly superior predecessor.
- Brian Webster, Apollo Guide, Thursday, June 24, 2010
Rotten: may wrap up the story the original began, but it just doesn't have the same magic
- Christopher Null, Filmcritic.com, Thursday, April 2, 2009
Audience Reviews
I love 70's crime thrillers and Gene Hackman is always very watchable but this isn't quite the sequel I was hoping for. That said, the acting is brilliant, particularly during the 'Cold Turkey' part of the film that was fairly uncompromising. The ending is also really good too, it just doesn't feel like The French Connection. Still, very much worth a watch.
- SirPant, Wednesday, May 4, 2011
A great follow up to the first and in many ways just as entertaining. Its more about Popeye Doyle rather than the case, but thats basically what I would want. Gene Hackman plays the character so well that you could watch him for hours and not get tired. I love the fact that it actually ties into the first one without becoming dependent on it. While it might have the same look, its a very different film. The characters change and it becomes more about revenge. The heroin scenes really do have an effect on you and I think its a step that was necessary to make it as gritty as the original. Definitely a great movie that can stand on its own as a crime epic.
- ythelastman89, Tuesday, March 30, 2010
Incredibly grim sequel to one of the best hard-boiled cop movies of the 70s, Popeye Doyle blusters into France to find himself out of his depth and completely ineffectual in this strange land. Add to this the humiliation of being kidnapped and completely broken by the bad guy who deliberately hooks him on heroin, and a wrath-filled vengeance is assured. Sometimes difficult to watch, but a powerful sequel.
- garyX, Thursday, June 28, 2007


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Static Moon Plays the Miami Monstrosity Show at Churchill's This Saturday
Categories: Local Music
via myspace.com/staticmoon09 |
His Static Moon project, however, departs drastically from both his old rock dabblings and his big-room anthems. With influences including Nine Inch Nails and Depeche Mode, the songs here are still dancefloor-friendly, but markedly darker than Sindoni's other work. He can flirt with industrial, pushing chanted vocals over repetitive funk; just as easily, he can create downtempo, distorted left-field hiphop. And while his sound is built on precisely honed, robotic beats, a Static Moon live show is exactly that. Rather than taking the easy way out and hitting play on his laptop, Sindoni mans guitars, keyboards, and sings, creating a one-man maelstrom of sound.
Static Moon. At the Miami Monstrosity show. With Dino Felipe, Alukard, Buffalo Brown, and others. 9 p.m. Saturday, January 16. Churchill's Pub, 5501 NE 2nd Ave., Miami. Doors open at 9 p.m.; ages 18 and up; 305-757-1807; churchillspub.com
Sponsor Content


text:
Book your room at Hotel Citadel
Standard Room, 1 Double Bed
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)Standard Room, 2 Single Beds
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)Triple Room, 3 Single Beds
Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children)Single Room, 1 Single Bed
Max Occupancy: 1 guestFamily-friendly hotel in Amsterdam (Dam Square - Central Station) near New Church
Located in the heart of Amsterdam, this family-friendly hotel is within walking distance of Berlage Stock Exchange, Madame Tussauds, and New Church. Also nearby are Amsterdam Chinatown and Kalverstraat.
Hotel Features
A complimentary buffet breakfast is available. Hotel Citadel also features a bar/lounge, 24-hour room service, and wireless Internet access (surcharge).
Room Amenities
LCD televisions come with cable channels. Guestrooms also feature wireless Internet access (surcharge), safes, and desks.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. High-speed wireless Internet access is available for a surcharge.
This family-friendly hotel also offers tour/ticket assistance, multilingual staff, and coffee/tea in the lobby.
Hotel Citadel is a smoke-free property.
- WiFi (surcharge)
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- Total number of rooms - 38
- Free breakfast
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- Number of floors - 7
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Available in all rooms: WiFi (surcharge)
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A complimentary buffet breakfast is served each morning between 7 AM and 10 AM.
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National Rating
This hotel has received its official star rating from the Netherlands Tourist Board.


text:
I see now that Oasis is allowing non-verified people to comment that we are getting bombarded by massive amounts of spam. I've seen them on several posts already.
Jeff are you seeing all this? I've deleted some of them but there are a bunch more. I really think we should hold unverified posts until they can be approved or get rid of the option altogether. Otherwise you're going to have the kids subjected to tons of Porn and Cheap Drug postings.
Hear hear! It seems like if someone wants to comment here, they should just sign up.
"A friend is someone who bails you out of jail; a best friend is someone who stands in the cell next to you and says 'that was freakin' awesome'"
-Dr. Jamie Morris
Adrian installed something to limit the amount of comment spam. Not sure of the details on that.
Haven't seen any of it yet.
"Be like a postage stamp. Stick to one thing until you get there." -- Josh Billings.
Add me on MySpace!
I was noticing it right before i read this post. I saw this post and i'm like there has been alot of spam lately.
it would be really funny if spam was posted on this forum. I haven't seen any spam but I like the idea of people who don't belong to oasis being allowed to post stuff. What if someone only has one thing to say.
When people post something on the web to take up sever space or to just be annoying. Here I think it would be a lot of homophobia.
"A friend is someone who bails you out of jail; a best friend is someone who stands in the cell next to you and says 'that was freakin' awesome'"
-Dr. Jamie Morris
lol spam is a type of ham
oh and what joemondragon said
ive noticed derogitory (sp?) comments being posted by people who arent verified which really annoys me. i kinda think you should have to register.
--i used to be a tomboy, now im a full grown lesbian--
**you must be the change you wish to see in the world**


text:
India's Dancing Superstar Season 2 Audition Details
Audition Details for India's Dancing Superstar Season 2 to be released soon
India's Dancing Superstar, which is more popular by the name of IDS, is a popular dancing reality show in India and all set to appear in Indian Television with a new season in early 2014.
This time the show is expected to appear in a new look and the judges for the show are expected to be the new ones too. Last year, Riteish Deshmukh, an actor, Geeta Kapoor, a choreographer, and Ashley Lobo of Danceworx Academy served as the judges of the show. MJ-5 became quite famous during the course of the show and finally emerged as the winners. The information regarding the audition for this show is expected to be released very soon. Please keep an eye on this space to get all the details regarding the show.


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International Journal of Dentistry
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 369751, 8 pages
Microbiota Associated with Infections of the Jaws
Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Patologia e Propedêutica Clinica, Faculdade de Odontologia, UNIV-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, Brazil
Received 3 March 2012; Revised 9 May 2012; Accepted 18 May 2012
Academic Editor: Elisabete Brasil dos Santos
Copyright © 2012 Elerson Gaetti-Jardim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The microbial infections involving the craniofacial skeleton, particularly maxilla and mandible, have direct relationship with the dental biofilm, with predominance of obligate anaerobes. In some patients, these infections may spread to bone marrow or facial soft tissues, producing severe and life-threatening septic conditions. In such cases, local treatment associated with systemic antimicrobials should be used in order to eradicate the sources of contamination. This paper discuss the possibility of spread of these infections and their clinical implications for dentistry, as well as their etiology and aspects related to microbial virulence and pathogenesis.
1. Introduction
Infections of the of the craniofacial skeleton, especially maxilla and mandible, are common and their etiology is associated to oral microbial biofilm and other oral microbial communities [1, 2]. Their prevalence is significantly higher in developing countries, with poor socioeconomic conditions, and where standards of oral hygiene and health are unsatisfactory [2, 3]. Although most orofacial infections are sensitive to a clinical and antimicrobial treatments, in some patients, these infections may be refractory, and these cases demand a multidisciplinary approach [2, 4, 5].
The most relevant infections of the jaws are represented by lateral and apical periodontitis, osteomyelitis, peri-implantitis, and their complications, such as facial cellulitis and other infections involving deep spaces of face and neck. The treatment of these conditions involves local procedures and, sometimes, specific antimicrobial drugs [4] and microbial resistance to most common drugs is widely disseminated, the microbial diagnosis of such infections is relevant to the clinician [4, 6].
Thus, the objective of this paper is to present some data about microbial etiology of the most common infections of the maxilla and mandible and their significance in dentistry.
2. Chronic Periodontitis
Lateral periodontitis is a biofilm-associated inflammatory disease of the periodontium and constitutes the most frequent cause of early tooth loss in adults [7]. It is clear that initiation of lateral periodontitis and its progression are multi-factorial, involving microbial aggression, host mechanisms, environmental conditions, and complex interactions among all these elements [8]. Recently, chronic lateral periodontitis has been understood as a consequence of a microbial shift in the composition of dental biofilm, with reduction of beneficial symbionts and an increase in the number of pathogens [7].
The microbiota associated with lateral periodontitis has been intensely studied in the last decades and our knowledge about etiological factors involved in the establishment and progression of this condition is very limited, which is aggravated by the fact that a significant portion of the periodontal microbiota remains uncultivable [9]. In addition, most of periodontal microbiota is present in dynamic and complex biofilms, which are influenced by several local and systemic factors, such as host-mediated selective pressure, age, tobacco and drug consumption, antimicrobials, availability of iron, and presence of orthodontic appliances, prosthesis, and restorations, affecting biofilm retention [8]. Ethnic and geographic particularities seem to interfere with the composition of microbial biofilm associated with lateral periodontitis [10–12].
Lateral periodontitis is primarily caused by complex consortia of microorganisms [7, 13, 14]. However, the presence of such microorganisms does not imply the development or progression of this infectious process since significant part of human population harbor them without any clinical or radiographic evidence of periodontal bone or attachment loss [3, 13, 15–17]. In periodontally healthy patients, the putative periodontopathogens are present in low numbers as members of resident microbiota and they contribute to the maturation of human adaptive immune system and comprise part of innate defense mechanisms of oral cavity [18, 19].
Only a few microbial species have been strongly implicated as etiological agents for chronic and aggressive forms of periodontitis and each microbial species presents its virulence within a consortium, not acting independently of their neighbors, in a very complex microbial community in the oral biofilm. The group of most relevant and studied cultivable species associated with periodontitis is composed of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, and fusobacteria [3, 14, 15, 20], but the use of culture-independent methods to detect disease-associated subgingival microorganisms has completely changed this view [21].
The pathogenicity of different strains of selected subgingival microorganisms seems to vary widely. For example, the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans has a 530 base pair deletion in its leukotoxin reporter gene operon that exacerbates production of leukotoxin by 10–20-fold compared to minimally leukotoxic strains [11, 22], and this clone is common in aggressive cases of lateral periodontitis [11, 22–24]. The frequency of this genetic deletion in the JP2 clone is especially relevant, since subjects harboring highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans are 22.5 times more likely to convert from healthy status to localized aggressive periodontitis than those colonized by strains harboring full-length leukotoxin promoter region [25]. Other studies have evidenced that clones of other periodontopathogens, such as P. gingivalis, also show extensive diversity in the virulence [26].
In aggressive periodontitis, besides highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, other microorganisms have been involved in periodontal destruction, such as Parvimonas micra and Campylobacter rectus [27], Treponema lecithinolyticum [28], and genus Selenomonas [21], but approximately 50% of the most prominent microbial taxa was not cultivable [21, 29]. The prevalence and populations of P. endodontalis and Tannerella forsythia are also significantly greater at periodontally diseased sites in aggressive or chronic forms of periodontitis [30].
The culture-independent studies have changed our comprehension about microbial ecology in periodontitis, and different bacteria appear to be associated with clinically similar periodontal status and the subgingival microbiota associated with disease establishment and progression may be person- and site-specific [1]. Therefore, the role of cultivable periodontopathogens must be reevaluated, since there is no single microorganism or microbial consortium that is always involved, even in aggressive periodontitis [31].
In the etiology of periodontitis, a possible role of microorganisms of the Archaea domain has been studied [32–35]. These microorganisms resemble bacteria, but they have different sequences in their DNA and are not in the Bacteria domain. Archaea domain has never been detected in the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy subjects [32, 34, 36] or at healthy sites in patients with periodontitis [32], and their populations in periodontally disease sites enhance as a function of disease severity [36]. However, the pathogenic potential of such microbes is under discussion [37]. Thus, the role of Achaea domain in periodontitis remains unclear, but it is possible that these microorganisms, particularly the methanogenic Archaea, contribute to aggression to periodontal tissues by means of interactions with other pathogens [38], affecting hydrogen and methane concentrations and the redox potential in gingival crevice or periodontal pockets.
3. Periapical and Endodontic Infections
Microorganisms reach the pulp through tooth fracture, dental caries, tubules of exposed dentine in the surface of root (result of fissures, radicular caries, and chronic periodontitis), anachoresis, and by dental procedures. The composition of primary endodontic infections reflects the oral microbiota and the method of dissemination. However, due to ecological interactions and environmental conditions, over time the oral anaerobes eventually become the predominant group in the endodontic and periapical infections [39–41], and the exposition of root canal to oral environment does not influence the predominance of such microorganisms in the apical portion of root canal system and periapical tissues [39].
The most prevalent microorganisms associated with primary endodontic infection are Gram-negative anaerobes, such as fusobacteria, genera Porphyromonas, Selenomonas, and Prevotella, followed by Gram-positive anaerobes of genera Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonas, and Eubacterium [40–43], generally associated with Campylobacter spp., Eikenellacorrodens, actinomycetes, and other microbial groups in complex biofilm structures [39, 42–44]. The vast majority of anaerobic species in these infections can also be recovered from the periodontal pockets [40, 43].
The presence of Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci is associated with incidence of acute signs and symptoms, including pain, sensitivity on pressure, and swelling [45–47]. However, some studies did not find such correlations between the composition of microbiota and symptomatology [48].
Generally, presence of septic contents is limited to root canal system, but extraradicular presence of bacteria and yeasts has been evidenced, even after endodontic therapy [49, 50], particularly in cases refractory to treatment [51]. The presence of genera Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Propionibacterium [45], and Enterococcus [52, 53] characterizes microbiota from secondary endodontic infections and refractory periapical lesions. Generally, microorganisms recovered from secondary endodontic and periapical infections are much more resistant to biomechanical procedures and antimicrobial agents used in the endodontic treatment and may be a source of opportunistic microorganisms [50].
4. Peri-Implantitis
Peri-implantitis is considered an inflammatory process affecting the tissues around dental implants, resulting in loss of peri-implantar bone [54].
Dental implants are currently a routine treatment. The implants are made of titanium or titanium alloy and may have its surface modified in roughness, as in chemically, for example, coated with hydroxyapatite [55]. In spite of the contamination of the surgical field where dental implants are placed, the clinical success rates are high, particularly when surgical and prosthetic procedures are correctly planned.
The goal of dental implants is the osseointegration of the titanium surface and vital bone, and this phenomenon, associated with the union of titanium oxide with gingival tissues, diminishes the invasion of oral microorganisms, preventing the occurrence of peri-implantitis [55], although this phenomenon is not sufficient to ensure long term implant survival and cases of peri-implantitis [56].
However, no single microorganism has been closely associated with peri-implantitis, which have characteristics of typical mixed infections [56, 57]. The occurrence of bone loss around dental implant varies from 5% to 56% of dental implants [58, 59], involving 12%–43% of implant sites [59].
It has been demonstrated that there is a significant change from a predominately Gram-positive facultative anaerobic microbiota towards a biofilm with a greater proportion of Gram-negative, strict anaerobes at peri-implantar sites with inflammation [60, 61]. The composition of microbial biofilm associated with peri-implantitis and failing dental implants is similar to subgingival microbiota involved with lateral periodontitis; with a large predominance of strict anaerobes, particularly genera Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Tannerella, Parvimonas, and Fusobacterium, associated with facultative bacteria [62, 63].
These microorganisms are capable to invade peri-implant tissues and induce inflammation, which may result in eventual implant failure. In addition, microorganisms not usually associated with lateral periodontitis or odontogenic abscesses such as staphylococci, enteric Gram-negative bacteria, enterococci, and yeasts are commonly detected in peri-implant infections [56, 62, 64]. The isolation of staphylococci from peri-implant infection is significant as both coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci are frequently responsible for infections associated with metallic biomaterials and in-dwelling medical infections in general [65], and this Gram-positive cocci are able to adhere and colonize titanium surfaces, what can be relevant in subsequent infections around dental implants and in the etiology of peri-implantitis [66, 67].
In some patients who present severe bacterial growth on implant surfaces pseudomonas and members of family Enterobacteriaceae are detected by culture and culture independent methodologies [56], and these pathogens are frequently resistant to antimicrobials and involved in the majority of nosocomial infections. However, the role of Enterobacteriaceae in chronic periodontitis remains unclear, and they are thought to indicate superinfection or opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed or irradiated patients [68].
In spite of role of major periodontopathogens in the etiology of lateral periodontitis, some species seem to not actively participate in peri-implantitis, such as A. actinomycetemcomitans [56, 60, 63]. In general, most oral anaerobes have the potential to be in increased numbers in peri-implantitis, but the name of the most prominent species varies from patient to patient, as previously discussed for lateral periodontitis.
5. Chronic Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis of the maxillofacial skeleton, especially involving maxilla and mandible, may be acute or chronic in nature, but almost all cases are chronic and associated with dissemination of odontogenic infections [2]. The occurrence of such infection is not common in developed countries. However, its occurrence is significant in communities with poor socioeconomic conditions and populations with poor standards of oral hygiene. These infections can be limited to a single anatomic site or spread to other areas of the bone marrow, bone tissues, or even adjacent soft tissues, particularly in individuals with immunosuppression or metabolic impairment, such as noncontrolled diabetics, hospitalized and symptomatic HIV+ patients.
Although osteomyelitis may be either of hematogenous origin or adjacent to infectious processes [69, 70], in the jaws, most cases are associated with endodontic infections [69], peri-implantitis, lateral periodontitis, and gingivitis [71].
The microbiological aspects of osteomyelitis of the jaws are unclear [69]. However, the composition of the microbiota associated to the chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws is influenced by the origin of the infectious process [72]. In hematogenous origin, it is notorious the relevance of oxygen tolerant microorganisms, such as enteric rods and staphylococci, meanwhile in the chronic osteomyelitis associated with previous odontogenic infections, the etiology of the osteomyelitis will depend on the microbiota of the previous infectious process and where it took place, generally producing mixed infections with predominance of oral anaerobes, particularly genera Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Parvimonas, and Eikenella frequently associated with actinomycetes and staphylococci [2]. In these cases of chronic osteomyelitis of the maxilla and mandible, the major source of the infecting microorganisms is odontogenic, producing an average of 2.4 to 3.9 strict anaerobic species and 0.4 to 1.5 aerobic or facultative anaerobic species [73].
Studies have evidenced that misuse of antimicrobial drugs and history of trauma may facilitate the implantation of oral facultative anaerobes and enteric rods and cocci, especially Enterococcus faecalis in chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws, even in cases associated with chronic periodontitis or periapical periodontitis [72, 74].
The predominance of oral anaerobic species in mixed infections in bone marrow suggests that the ecological associations are relevant in the development of osteomyelitis of the jaws. Since most oral microorganisms are able to co-aggregate in biofilms, treatment of the chronic infections involving bone marrow of the jaws frequently involves removal of bone sequestrations, curettage, debridement, and systemic antimicrobials for weeks [75].
The role of anaerobes in the progression of chronic osteomyelitis has suggested the use hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct in treatment of such bone infections, in association with combined antibiotic and surgical approach. This approach is particularly efficient in refractory cases, particularly in immunosuppressed and diabetic patients [76]. In addition, the stimulation of angiogenesis around the healthy tissues produced by action of the hyperbaric oxygen may reduce or prevent tissue invasion [2].
6. Facial Cellulitis of Dental Origin
This condition is defined as subcutaneous acute infection around the mandibular and maxillary bones [77], and due to this relationship with skull bones, it was included in this paper.
Facial cellulitis of dental origin affects patients of all ages, but they are commonest in younger patients [77] and disseminates from the primary dental infections through the subperiosteum area, and from this area it breaks the bone structures of the jaws, invading soft tissues of the face. The data about etiology of such infections are scarce, but oral strict anaerobes seem to be predominant [77]. This infection is polymicrobial in 75% of the cases, producing from two to six bacterial species per clinical specimen [77–79], and the most prominent microbial association is between Gram-positive aerobic-facultative aerobic cocci and Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli [79].
The literature has evidenced that black-pigmented Prevotella, Porphyromonas spp., Bacteroides spp., and Fusobacterium spp. are usually present [77, 78, 80], followed by other microorganisms, such as Eubacterium spp., Veillonella spp., oral streptococci, and staphylococci [77].
The role of such facultative anaerobes and aerobes in these infections is not clear, but it is possible that they may create favorable conditions for strict anaerobes due to oxygen consumption and their invasive potency on local tissue, reducing the redox potential of colonized tissue. The same mechanism may be involved in the ecological succession in endodontic-periapical infections and other oral infectious diseases.
7. Lemierre's Syndrome
This infection is a rare but severe life-threatening complication of oral infections, resulting in lateral pharyngeal space infection [81]. It is characterized as thrombosis and suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein with dissemination of septic emboli to the lungs and other sites [81, 82]. Before the antimicrobial era, death was the common result. The microbiota of such complication remains uncharacterized, but fusobacteria, in particular F. necrophorum, F. nucleatum, F. gonidia forum, and F. varium, are commonly detected [81]. Genera Prevotella, Bacteroides., and Peptostreptococcus are also involved in the pathogenesis. The occurrence of methicillin resistant S. aureus in Lemierre's syndrome has been described [83, 84], but the casuistic is not big enough to determine the role played by these cocci in the etiology of the infection, but illustrates a significant increase in the incidence of these Gram-positive microorganisms in head and neck infections [85].
8. Deep Head and Neck Infections
The most frequent and serious complication of dental infections involve dissemination of bacteria to deep neck structures and submandibular and sublingual spaces, which are enclosed by the deep cervical fascia. The anatomical sites among these fasciae represent areas of loose connective tissue filling and the spaces of the neck communicate with one another forming channels by which infections may spread over large areas [86].
Deep space head and neck infections are among the most frequent clinical conditions within the maxillofacial area and mostly require an accurate surgical and antimicrobial treatment [87]. Maxilla and mandible are the most common origins of these serious and life-threatening infections in Dentistry [4, 86, 87]. Generally these conditions are associated with microbial dissemination of oral bacteria from chronic periodontitis, periapical infections, or the overgrowth of microorganisms of the dental biofilm [86–88]. The classical deep neck infection is the Ludwig's angina, involving a bilateral infection of both the submandibular and sublingual spaces.
A serious concern about these infections is the diagnosis, which may be delayed due to previous use of antimicrobials, because the drugs may mask local signs, such as swelling. Other clinical signs and symptoms include fever, pain, lymphadenopathy, odynophagia, dysphagia, and trismus [88, 89].
These infections are mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections [89]. Oral anaerobes, particularly genera Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, and facultative oral streptococci, frequently associated with enteric microorganisms, are the commonest pathogens that cause deep neck infections [4, 5, 86, 90, 91]. More than two-thirds of deep neck infections contain -lactamase-producing organisms, which may affect the efficacy of antimicrobial agents [86]. In cases of fistulization of neck infection, coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequently involved [86] and some strains are methicillin-resistant [5, 85]. In some cases, unsuspected microorganisms may be present, such as pseudomonas and members of the Burkholderia cepacia group [89].
Natural evolution of such conditions, without treatment, may lead septicemia or, empyema, airway collapse, or descending mediastinitis [4, 89, 90].
9. Conclusions
This overview of infections in the jaw illustrates the great variety of microorganisms involved, and most of such diseases are polymicrobial in nature. Usually, these microbes originated from the dental biofilm and spread towards periodontal and periapical tissues, reaching the spaces of the face and occasionally evolving to systemic sepsis. In these severe cases, with involvement of bone marrow or life-threatening infections, such as facial cellulitis or Ludwig's angina, antimicrobial agents should be associated with local treatment, which generally aims eradicate the source of invading microorganisms.
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It's deadline season. I may sporadically about trade rumours, but will probably keep my major analysis to deals that go down.
However, I wanted to share to you this tweet from Colorado's Adrian Dater:
Vancouver kicking tires on Cody McLeod. … Continue reading
Cody McLeod RSS
Canucks/Avalanche Post Game Quotes (I Wish Were Real)
The main issue I have with post game coverage is the general lack of personality conveyed by the majority of the league. The NHL has some of the classiest athletes and coaches in all of professional sports, but sometimes you … Continue reading
Canucks Hat Trick: Hodgson's ice time, interest in Jeff Carter, Hamhuis's solid season
Province Sports columnist Tony Gallagher delivers today's Canucks Hat Trick, after Wednesday night's 3-1 victory over the Colorado Avalanche …
Here are three things that are or should be on the Vancouver Canucks' radar — other than the slumps being … Continue reading


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Reveals the advanced techniques that professional musicians and producers use to get the best-sounding results from Melodyne.
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Martin named new FHSU president
By DIANE GASPER-O'BRIEN
She left little doubt the university would continue to be in good hands.
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By DIANE GASPER-O'BRIEN
She left little doubt the university would continue to be in good hands.
"I am filled with enthusiasm and relentless determination," Mirta Martin told the audience in Memorial Union on Friday morning, minutes after she was announced as Fort Hays State University's next president.
"Our programs will be known throughout the region and the world," she added. "We will continue to hold true to what makes us unique -- a forward-thinking, world-ready university, with students centered in our values."
Martin, 52, will take over for Edward Hammond, who is retiring from the presidency this summer after 27 years at the post. Martin will start her new job July 1.
Martin, the ninth president at the 112-year-old university, made FHSU history as the first woman president, as well as its first Hispanic leader. Martin was born in Cuba but came to America at age 5 with her younger sister and grandmother, escaping the communist regime but having to leave other family members behind.
"When I first looked at the profile for the Fort Hays State presidency, there was one that caught my eye," Martin said. "They were looking for a president that had a strong work ethic and wanted someone to lead in a strong and caring community."
After a successful career in the banking industry, Martin got into education in the mid-1990s and has served as the dean of the Reginald F. Lewis School of Business at Virginia State University in Richmond since 2009.
Martin and her husband, John, are the parents of two college-age children and felt it was time they could move on if they so chose.
"We've been looking for a home for the next 20 years," Martin said. "We believe we have found that home here at Fort Hays State University."
Martin was one of five finalists chosen by the presidential search committee to visit the FHSU campus and the city of Hays during a three-week period in March and April.
The search committee then forwarded its list of candidates to be interviewed to the regents, who conducted interviews in Topeka on Thursday.
"The presidential search committee did what we asked," Regents chair Fred Logan said at Friday's announcement, "to make the final selection tough. Selecting a president is about identifying the person that fits the university.
"We believe," Logan added, "this is the right fit for today, and for the future."
Regent Robba Moran, who lived in Hays for 28 years before moving to Manhattan a year and a half ago, was a member of the search committee.
"This is the third president I've been part of choosing, but the first time I served on a search committee," she said. "It's a tough decision, much tougher than I ever imagined.
"But," she added, "it was a great experience. Hays would be proud of the quality and quantity of candidates who applied to be president here at Fort Hays."
Now, Moran said she looks forward to seeing what Martin brings to the table, and she probably won't have to wait long.
"I want to hit the ground running," Martin said, "continue doing it well, then we're going to expand."
Logan said the regents were "looking for somebody with passion, somebody with commitment, somebody who is going to love Hays, America, as we have grown to love it."
The man Martin will replace can vouch for that.
Hammond and his wife, Mary, are building a house in Hays, and Hammond will remain at Fort Hays as a consultant. He said he looks forward to working with the new president.
"Mirta is very high energy and very, very bright," Hammond said. "Fort Hays is an institution that thinks outside the box. It's about time we have a woman for leadership.
"But more than her being the first woman president or first Hispanic president, I think it's more important to look at the success she had at another career," he said.
"She was a very successful businessperson, vice president of banks before she got into education. I think that will be a real plus."


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Hua Lampong Train Terminus
Categories: Transportation > Trains
Address: 1, Rong Mueang Rd., Rong Mueang, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand See map
0 reply, 6,376 viewed
The State Railway of Thailand is one of the largest state enterprises in Thailand regarding the number of personnel. It has a total staff of about 26,400 people. It became a state enterprise in 1951. It currently has a total rail route length of 4,041 km reaching across every corner of the Kingdom of Thailand.
- Open days
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
Service hours
08:30 to 17:30
- Address
1, Rong Mueang Rd., Rong Mueang, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Phone number
+66 (0) 2621 8701 +66 (0) 2222 0175 +66 (0) 2220 4567
- Email
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The majority of the Committee's Special Reports, like its Annual Reports, are made to both the Prime Minister (in classified form) and to Parliament (with sensitive material redacted). However, a small number of reports, which deal with the most highly classified matters, may be made solely to the Prime Minister. The published versions of the Committee's Special Reports are listed below. Report on the intelligence relating to the murder of Fusilier Lee RigbyPublished November 2014 Following the murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby, on 22 May 2013, the ISC investigated what MI5, SIS and GCHQ knew about the two men who carried out the attack to see whether it could have been prevented.
GCHQ's alleged interception of communications under the US PRISM programmePublished July 2013 This Report was issued by the Committee in response to allegations that GCHQ acted illegally by accessing the content of private communications via the US PRISM programme. Foreign Involvement in the Critical National InfrastructurePublished June 2013 This Report investigates the Government's strategy for considering national security issues in relation to foreign involvement in the UK's Critical National Infrastructure. Access to communications data by the intelligence and security AgenciesPublished 5 February 2013This Report considers the use of communications data by the intelligence and security Agencies, and how the proposals in the Government's draft Communications Data Bill might affect them.
Review of the Intelligence on the London Terrorist Attacks on 7 July 2005Published 19 May 2009This Report addresses the unanswered questions relating to the intelligence on the 7/7 bombers, particularly those arising out of the investigation of the 2004 fertiliser bomb (CREVICE) plot.
RenditionPublished July 2007 This Report considers whether the UK security and intelligence Agencies had any knowledge of, and/or involvement in, rendition operations, and also the Agencies' overall policy for intelligence sharing with foreign liaison services.
Report into the London Terrorist Attacks on 7 July 2005Published May 2006This Report examines intelligence and security matters relevant to the July terrorist attacks, focusing in particular on: whether any intelligence which may have helped prevent the attacks was missed or overlooked; why the threat level to the UK was lowered prior to the attacks and what impact this had; and what lessons were learned from these attacks, and how these lessons are being applied.
The Handling of detainees by UK Intelligence Personnel in Afghanistan, Guantanamo Bay and IraqPublished March 2005This report covers the contact between detainees and the SIS, Security Service, both military and civilian DIS staff and military intelligence personnel in Afghanistan, Guantanamo Bay and Iraq.
Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction – Intelligence and AssessmentsPublished September 2003This report examines whether the available intelligence, which informed the decision to invade Iraq, was adequate and properly assessed and whether it was accurately reflected in Government publications.
Inquiry into Intelligence, Assessments and Advice prior to the Terrorist Bombings on Bali 12 October 2002Published December 2002
The Mitrokhin Inquiry ReportPublished June 2000
Sierra Leone
Published April 1999
Report on Security Service Work Against Organised Crime
Published December 1995 |
Committee Reports >


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(A) The following functions are prescribed for the bureau for children with medical handicaps and early intervention services:
(1) Coordination and administration of the program for children with medical handicaps and adults with cystic fibrosis;
(2) Development, monitoring and evaluation of programs for children with medical handicaps through local health departments, hospitals, other providers and other teaching institutions and voluntary agencies;
(3) Provision of technical assistance, consultation and administration of funds to programs under section 3701.501 , 3701.502 , 3701.23 and 3701.131 of the Revised Code and Chapter 3701-55 of the Administrative Code related to genetic services, sickle cell, and newborn metabolic, genetic and endocrine screening;
(4) Coordination and administration of the hemophilia insurance premium payment program for adults with hemophilia and related bleeding disorders;
(5) Coordination of the early intervention program for infants and toddlers with disabilities or developmental delays and their families and administration of funds under the "Individuals with Disabilities Education Act," 20 U.S.C. 1400 to 1482 ;
(6) Coordination of the home visiting programs for expectant and new parents, operating within the statewide, comprehensive early childhood system that promotes maternal, infant, and early childhood health and development;
(7) Collaboration with head start, early head start, child care, pre-school, foster care and other early childhood programs conducted within the state; and
(8) Coordination and administration of the universal newborn hearing screening program.
(B) Any such functions set forth in paragraph (A) of this rule requiring a medical determination shall be overseen by a physician licensed to practice medicine in Ohio as provided by Chapter 4731. of the Revised Code, who shall serve as the medical director for the bureau or division.
(C) The following minimum qualifications of the chief of the bureau for children with medical handicaps and early intervention services are prescribed:
(1) A certificate to practice medicine in Ohio as provided by Chapter 4731.of the Revised Code and three years of experience administering programs for children with medical handicaps or developmental delays; or
(2) A master's degree in a health related area and three years of broad-based experience working with programs for children with medical handicaps, developmental delays or equivalent experience.
Replaces: 3701-2- 03.2, 3701-2- 03.4
Promulgated Under:
Authority: 3701.34
Amplifies: 3701.34
Effective Dates: 12/31/1977, 11/28/86, 9/27/90, 8/17/92, 5/4/95, 2/7/98, 8/4/03


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St Louis International
Lambert-St Louis International Airport (STL)
Situated 10 miles (17km) northwest of central St Louis, Lambert-St Louis International Airport is the busiest airport in Missouri, serving roughly 12.3 million passengers each year. Named for Albert Bond Lambert, an Olympic medalist and manufacturer of Listerine, the airport is affectionately known as simply 'Lamberts'.
Flights to Lambert-St Louis International Airport come from 88 destinations; while most are domestic cities within the US, there are several international routes to places like Toronto and Cancun. The busiest routes to Lambert-St Louis International Airport are short flights to Chicago, Atlanta and Dallas.
The airport is attractive, with futuristic LED lighting in Terminal 1 and many new facilities. There are also exhibitions of glass screens by local artists in Concourses A and C. Terminal 1 was damaged by a tornado in 2011, however reconstruction is underway and expected to be completed sometime in 2012; operations are proceeding in the meantime.
The airport is situated 13 miles (21km) northwest of St Louis.
Getting to the city
The Metrolink light rail system departs from both terminals between 5am and midnight to the city centre. Shared van services provide transport to city centre hotels, and airport taxis are also available from both terminals.
GMT -6 (GMT -5 from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November).
Airport information: +1 314 426 8000.
Car rental
Car rental companies include Alamo, Avis, Budget, Thrifty, Hertz and National. Courtesy rental car company vans shuttle customers to their offices from outside both terminals.
Airport Taxis
Taxis are available outside Exit Door 14 of Terminal 1, and outside Exit Door 12 of Terminal 2.
Transfer between terminals
Free shuttles as well as the Metrolink run a regular service between the two terminals.
Airport facilities include ATMs, currency exchange services, restaurants, snack bars, shops, postal services, internet kiosks, and a tourist information desk. Disabled facilities are good.
Parking right outside the two terminals costs $5 for two hours, up to a daily maximum of $23. There is cheaper parking farther from the terminals, which is serviced by a free shuttle, and costs between $7 and $15 a day.
Departure Tax
Flights to Lambert-St Louis International Airport are available via Air Canada, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Cape Air, Continental Airlines, Delta, Frontier, United Express and US Airways.
Wifi is available throughout the airport for a fee.
Business Lounges
The Missouri Vineyards Wine Bar and Restaurant in Terminal 1 has banquet and meeting facilities, while the American Airlines Admirals' Club offers conference rooms, computer terminals, data ports, and copying and printing facilities.
St Louis International Taxis: the taxi fares above are intended as a guideline only.


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Unique to Avon is our woman-to-woman network of more than 6 million Avon Sales Representatives worldwide combined with our capacity to educate, engage and mobilize. These women don't just sell Avon products; they are also a veritable army for good - communicators, educators and fundraisers for the causes of breast cancer, domestic violence and deforestation.
In short, Avon's Sales Representatives make up a powerful grassroots movement that reaches across continents and time zones to raise awareness and funds for issues of health, safety and wellbeing that are important to women. Mobilizing Avon's Representatives is about leveraging Avon's strength to reach and engage people to take action in support of important causes.
For the Avon Breast Cancer Crusade and Speak Out Against Domestic Violence programs, Sales Representatives have distributed millions of educational materials and raised hundreds of millions of dollars through sales of special products and personal participation in walks, runs and other events worldwide. For the Hello Green Tomorrow project, Avon Sales Representatives raised over $2 million in just two years to help restore endangered rain forests in Brazil and Indonesia.
Avon Sales Representatives have also responded quickly to national and international emergencies. Their passionate fundraising efforts, combined with corporate donations, have allowed Avon to respond rapidly and effectively to natural disasters and emergency events in countries around the world in which Avon has a significant presence.
In addition to raising funds for Avon's core mission areas of breast cancer, domestic violence and environmental causes, Sales Representatives in North America can also organize their own fund-raisers for local accredited nonprofit organizations in their communities. Special product promotions drive a portion of proceeds to the selected organization, extending the impact of Avon at the community level and providing the Sales Representative the opportunity to be a "local hero."
...to be a
force for good


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RSS Feeds - Main Copy
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) allows you to subscribe to up-to-date offers, in the form of feeds, based on your interests. The feed is sent through an RSS reader, such as My Yahoo! and appears as a link in your account. When the link is clicked on, you're brought to the Web site containing the offer in its entirety. Listed below are our current Specials & Packages, as well as links to subscribe to each respective RSS feed.
Special Offers & Experiences
EXPERIENCE THE CAPELLA CUISINE Experience regional flavors featuring the bets of local produce, fish and seafood that Guerrero has to offer. Our innovative, contemporary Mexican cuisine is complemented by wines and majestic views overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
Read MoreCAPELLA ROMANCE
PURE ROMANCE Experience a very special and unforgettable journey at Capella Ixtapa. Overlooking the Pacific Ocean, nestled within a dramatic cliffside, Capella Ixtapa offers an ideal ambiance for a romantic and memorable stay. Each moment is customized to you, whether celebrating a honeymoon, anniversary or just a special moment spent together.
Read MoreCAPELLA ESCAPE
A PERFECT AND RELAXING GETAWAY Escape to paradise for an ideal getaway that is tailored exclusively to your every need. Allow our Personal Assistant services to arrange your private dinner plans and activities as you relax and enjoy stunning natural landscapes and cliffside ocean views.
Read MorePress Releases & Awards
Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo: Paradise Between the Sierra Madres and the Pacific
Nestled between Mexico's Sierra Madre Mountains and the Pacific Ocean and surrounded by lush, tropical forests, Capella Ixtapa offers its guests a hideaway setting that belies the wealth of attractions just minutes away. The Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo region abounds with sites of great na...
Capella Hotels and Resorts Names Romana Heeg General Manager of Capella Ixtapa
Veteran Hotelier to Steer November 2008 Opening of Capella's First Mexican Property
ATLANTA, GA – September 9, 2008 – Romana Heeg has been appointed general manager of Capella Ixtapa, an intimate and luxurious 59-suite hideaway set to open on December 12, 2008. She will oversee all operations of the resort, which joins a growing roster of acclaimed Capella Hotels...
Capella Ixtapa, Capella Hotels and Resorts' First North American Property, Opens Its Doors to Guests
Ixtapa Marks First in Series of Four Mexican Properties for Capella
IXTAPA, MEXICO – December 12, 2008 – Capella Ixtapa, which formally welcomes its first guests today, marks the highly anticipated North American debut of the growing Capella Hotels and Resorts brand. The 59-room cliff-side hotel, tucked into Mexico's lush Sierra Madre mountain sid...


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I just needed to post this so I don't have to look for one. . . If you don't like it, make your own/use others. These are just my rule set for me to use and for others too.Rules may change over time.
© 2014 Riot Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Riot Games, League of Legends and PvP.net are trademarks, services marks, or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc.


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Tavares charted many Soul and Disco classics on the Capitol label in the seventies with hits such as Check It Out, She's Gone, It Only Takes A Minute, Heaven Must Be Missing An Angel, Don't Take Away the Music, Who dunnit and More Than A Woman. New Directions was their confident 1982 debut on RCA Records.
The album became their longest running album on the US R&B chart at an impressive 30 weeks. Singles include the timeless ballad A Penny For Your Thoughts which returned them to the US Pop Top 40 for the first time since 1978 as well as becoming an international hit.
The further R&B hit and club classic Got To Find My Way Back To You is also featured here in its original and 12" Remix form. Features four bonus tracks and interviews with the Tavares family
This long sought-after CD re-master is a must for all Soul, Disco and Funk fans and makes its international CD debut on BBR
click to see more
Buy 5 CDs = 25% off Buy 3 CDs = 15% off See Terms and Conditions
Click Here For Info
Cherry Red Records is a Carbon Neutral Company


text: Thank you for taking the time to visit the City Council District 2 web page I hope that you will continue to do so, as this is our community's page. I am always open to any concerns or suggestion you may have on how to better our district. Please feel free to contact me via phone or e-mail. It has been my privilege to serve this District and I look forward to the many new and exciting things to come for this District. |