text:
Allopurinol for gout
Generic Name | Brand Name |
allopurinol | Zyloprim |
Allopurinol is taken in tablet form (oral). It is taken in low dosages at first. The dosage is gradually increased to control uric acid levels.
How It Works
Allopurinol prevents the release of a substance called xanthine oxidase, which helps in the formation of uric acid. In treatment for gout, allopurinol blocks the production of uric acid in the body.
Why It Is Used
Allopurinol may be prescribed to prevent gout attacks. It also may be used because of:
- Overproduction of uric acid.
- Frequent gout attacks.
- Presence of gritty, chalklike clumps of uric acid crystals (tophi).
- Failure of other medicines to adequately reduce uric acid levels.
- Allergy to uricosuric medications, which increase the elimination of uric acid, or serious side effects from these medicines. Uricosuric medications include probenecid (Probalan) and sulfinpyrazone (Anturane).
- Poor kidney function.
- History of uric acid kidney stones.
Allopurinol may also be used for the prevention of kidney disease in people going through treatment for cancer.
The dose of allopurinol may need to be lower for people who have chronic kidney disease or are taking azathioprine.
Allopurinol is not recommended for people who:
- Have a known sensitivity to allopurinol.
- Have a condition in which there is too much iron in the body (hemochromatosis).
Allopurinol should not be started for the first time by people who are still having symptoms caused by a gout attack.
How Well It Works
Allopurinol lowers the amount of uric acid in the body.1 After the proper dose is reached, the uric acid levels should return to normal. Your doctor will monitor your uric acid level within one month of starting or changing a dose of allopurinol.
Side Effects
Skin rash is a common side effect. Because a skin rash may be a symptom of an allergic reaction to allopurinol, have your doctor evaluate any skin rash that develops while you are taking this medicine.
Rare, serious side effects include:
- Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis).
- Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells (aplastic anemia).
- Inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis).
- Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (a widespread rash, fever, mouth sores, poor kidney function, liver inflammation, and other complications), which can be life-threatening.
Allopurinol interferes with many other medicines. It may increase or decrease the levels of other medicines, which may increase the toxicity of these medicines or reduce their effectiveness.
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)
What To Think About
- Allopurinol should not be used until the symptoms of a gout attack are gone. But if you are already taking allopurinol, continue to take it (even during an attack).
- Gout attacks may increase at first for some people taking allopurinol. To avoid this, doctors may prescribe either colchicine, which blocks the inflammation caused by uric acid crystals, or low-dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to be taken at the same time. After normal uric acid levels have been maintained for 6 to 12 months and no further attacks occur, colchicine or NSAIDs do not need to be taken.
- Because of the rare risk of serious side effects, many doctors may prefer uricosuric medications to allopurinol.
- Laboratory studies, including a complete blood count (CBC) and liver and kidney function studies, may be done after a few months of using allopurinol. Studies may then be repeated every year in otherwise healthy people or more frequently in people with other medical problems.
Complete the new medication information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.
- Wortmann RL, Kelley WN (2005). Gout and hyperuricemia. In ED Harris Jr et al., eds., Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology, 7th ed., pp. 1402–1429. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
- Hellman DB, Stone JH (2005). Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders. In LM Tierney Jr et al., eds., Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, 44th ed., pp. 781–789. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Last Updated: July 11, 2008
Author: Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPH
Medical Review: Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Stanford M. Shoor, MD - Rheumatology


text:
iGetter Download Manager
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I do a lot of downloading, and I see no benefit in this application. Like every other download manager/accelerator I have tried, I see no difference in the speed of my downloads using a 3.0 MBPS DSL connection.
It DOES, however add a pain-in-the-ass factor. I end up with multiple copies of downloads, or downloads that never started, etc.
Restarting a stuck download from a download service is cumbersome at best--if it works at all.
Stick with the built in downloader in your browser unless you are having trouble. Save these things for use as a last resort.

subset: commoncrawl


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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by loss of the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) and retention of the SMN2 gene, resulting in reduced SMN. SMA mice can be rescued with high expression of SMN in neurons, but when is this high expression required? We have developed a SMA mouse with inducible expression of SMN to address the temporal requirement for high SMN expression. Both embryonic and early postnatal induction of SMN resulted in a dramatic increase in survival with some mice living greater than 200 days. The mice had no marked motor deficits and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) function was near normal thus it appears that induction of SMN in postnatal SMA mice rescues motor function. Early postnatal SMN induction, followed by a 1-month removal of induction at 28 days of age, resulted in no morphological or electrophysiological abnormalities at the NMJ and no overt motor phenotype. Upon removal of SMN induction, five mice survived for just over 1 month and two female mice have survived past 8 months of age. We suggest that there is a postnatal period of time when high SMN levels are required. Furthermore, two copies of SMN2 provide the minimal amount of SMN necessary to maintain survival during adulthood. Finally, in the course of SMA, early induction of SMN is most efficacious.
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text:
The Best of Blended Drinks
Break out your blender from its winter hibernation! The warm weather beckons, and what better way to enjoy it than with a frosty blended beverage in hand? This go-to list of cocktail recipes ranges from light and fruity to creamy and decadent, but all boast a smooth, icy finish.
Enjoy these blended drinks with chips and salsa or with burgers hot off the grill.


text:
Postcards Launch Events Later This Month
- Posted by Johanna on July 8, 2007 at 8:02 am
- Category: Graphic Novel News
Editor Jason Rodriguez has put out word of two events celebrating the release of Postcards, his upcoming anthology.
First, in Washington, DC, on July 24 at Olsson's Books:
I'll have original art from the book with me for a little bit of a gallery show, I'll be talking about the book, the creators, and sharing some of my favorite postcards, and I'll be signing copies of the book along with Danielle Corsetto.
That same week, at San Diego, he reports "POSTCARDS will be represented at a panel and three signings. One signing will have at least ten creators present."
Comments Off


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Recently we sat down with Dweezil Zappa to talk about his music, his dad's influence and his love of gear. Dweezil offered his insights on his favorite instrument monitoring setups as well as what it takes to be successful musician.
From your time with Zappa Plays Zappa, what would you say is your favorite song to play from your father's discography?
It's hard to choose a favorite. Some are fun to play, some are really hard to play and playing those brings a sense of accomplishment. Having learned more than 220 songs since 2006 I would have to say that Dog Meat, a classical composition and G-Spot Tornado rank among the hardest and most rewarding from a challenge stand point and Willie The Pimp and City Of Tiny Lites are always a lot of fun to play.
How did your dad influence your playing style and your overall life as a musician?
My father had a very distinctive style and and unique approach to music and guitar. He had no boundaries within his music and there was an amazing combination of grace and recklessness in his playing. Sometimes when he was really in the moment he would reach for ideas that were beyond his technical ability and I really respect that he would stretch to the maximum limits to create a musical statement. He always used guitar tones that would compliment this, in other words, if something was a little sloppy that was the intoxicating part of it. The raw edge is what hit you so hard as a listener.
What projects are you currently working on?
I am currently on a US tour but I am also working on plans for the fall ZPZ European tour. I am choosing material that we will play and putting the finishing touches on my own classical composition that I hope to be be able to premiere with an orchestra later this year. I also have some DVD projects I am trying to finish as well as some Live audio recordings. One other thing I am working on is launching my own online guitar lesson forum. More info on all of that can be found at dweezilzappaworld.com.
You are known for your high standards in audio equipment. What appeals to you about the QSC K Series speakers?
The guitar system I use on tour and in the studio is based on the Fractal Audio Axe Effects unit. It's a high quality amp and effects processor that requires full range speakers for proper monitoring. When programming I like to A/B between my studio monitors Focal SM9s and the QSC K series stage monitors to make sure my tones are translating in both environments. The transition between both sets of speakers in my studio is very smooth and it allows me to trust that when I go on tour I will be hearing the same balanced tones on my recordings. The fact that the QSC K series wedges can accurately reproduce the full range of frequencies and have plenty of headroom left over is what I find most appealing. I use the QSC wedges on stage for directional spill to the first few rows of the audience. The majority of my sound is heard from the PA. Without the stage spill the first few rows of the audience might be hearing my guitar from behind them, if they are in front of the PA. Having the K series monitors on stage has added depth and clarity to my sound. That's definitely a good thing.
How do you use your QSC speakers? As fold back monitors? As primary instrument amplification?
They are for instrument amplification. As a band we focus on dynamics. We try to keep our stage volume to a minimum. I want the audience to hear the PA in it's best form. But I do want balance from the amplification on stage. The K series deliver the right punch and detail.
Do you currently have a favorite guitar tone or effect? Is there a different way you go about achieving that tone on stage as apposed to in the studio?
I am always playing with different sounds. I do like this doubling effect that I use that basically has control voltage effecting the envelope pre delay. So it's a dynamic doubler. Depending on how hard I hit the strings it will alter a short delay which in turn modulates the pitch on one side of the stereo field. It will knock it more out of tune the harder I hit the string or the more gain I send to the envelope. It sounds more like natural doubling of 2 guitars in an over dub situation, but can be made to be even more extreme. I also have a pedal that I use that is a tremelo pedal that makes a crazy internal feedback sound when I change the speed. It feeds back because the expression pedal I use with it is the wrong impedance and the tremelo doesn't like that. The incorrect use makes for a cool sound though. I use the effects the same on stage as in the studio. I use the studio for other ambient effects but pretty much every thing can be done in my live rig.
Do you have a go-to guitar right now for playing on stage? What do you like about it?
I have Gibson SG that I have played at every show I've done since 2006. It plays great and sounds great. It's a real workhorse. I have been playing my Dweezil Zappa signature model PRS on this tour as well.
As an accomplished musician in your own right, what advice would you give to a musician just starting out with high musical aspirations?
Music is a unique art form. It attaches itself the fabric of our lives through our shared experiences and memories. It's used in movies to bolster emotional content because it can add that power without words. With that in mind I would say that the lesson I have learned is to try to make music that means something to you. If it means something to you it will have a chance to mean something to someone else and make a connection. Like my dad, try not to have any boundaries in your music and really stretch to your best potential. That is what I find to be helpful and most rewarding. Practicing and always being open to learn new ideas is also good. Understanding how your equipment works and using it to best illustrate your musical point of view is another critical thing.
Find your QSC speakers at AMS


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text:
Why did I get diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes develops when an autoimmune reaction causes the pancreas to stop producing insulin.
"Autoimmune reaction" means that the body creates antibodies against its own cells. When this happens, it means that you can no longer make your own insulin.
We don't know exactly why people get diabetes. But there is a lot of research going on right now to find out.
Type 2 diabetes
There are some things in your background that make you more likely to get type 2 diabetes:
- Family history
Type 2 diabetes especially tends to run in families. The more people in your family who have diabetes, the more likely you are to get it. - Age
Type 2 diabetes usually comes on later in life - often after age 45. The symptoms start gradually, so it's often harder to diagnose. - Weight
At least three out of four people with type 2 diabetes are overweight, and most have been overweight for many years. Enlarged fat cells don't respond well to insulin and that means the body works harder to produce more insulin. - Pregnancy
Extra demands on the pancreas cause some women to develop diabetes during pregnancy. This is called " gestational diabetes." Often, it goes away after delivery. But, later in life, diabetes may return. The risk of diabetes is greater if the mother has given birth to a baby that weighed over 4kg (9 lbs) at birth.


text:
Vaccine Shipping Schedule
Please review the vaccine Shipping Schedule below.
If you live in AL, GA, FL, SC, MS, LA, AR, TN, SC, NC, KY, or IN, then express shipping may not be necessary as your vaccines will probably arrive in 1-2 business days after shipment. Alabama residents can usually expect delivery within 1 business day of shipment. During the hot months (May through September) we encourage Next Day for anyone who is outside of a 1-day zone. REMEMBER, some vaccine orders are held over the weekend to avoid a weekend transit. Holidays are treated like weekends and can delay shipping. Please use the chart below to determine when you should expect to receive your vaccines.
* All times listed are based on Central Time Zone. ** Next Day Air and Second Day Air applies ONLY to vaccines/biologicals. Any other items will ship via regular carrier (economy or standard) per your selection. |


text: Rare Gun Camera footage of an German Messerschmitt Me 262 Jet Fighter being attacked and shot down shortly after take off ( take off and landing was the only phase of the flight were these extremely fast fighter planes could not use their full speed) At 3:36 ,,, you can see that after he disabled a train the fighter pilot hunting the pessangers instead of aiming for the train. At this time of the war, trains operating in daytime were mainly used by civilians. Producer: US Army Air Foce, 4th CCU Cameraman: Jackson


text:
As a single working Mami, I don't get to see my girlfriends as much as I would like; however, when we do, we have a blast!
These pictures were taken at the Olga Tañon and Prince Royce concert on October 1, 2010. I plan on posting a recap, with videos later on this week. Feel free to click on the photo to get a larger view!
How often do you get together with your friends?
If you are joining in the Wordless or Wordful Photo fun, feel free to link up your site below! Happy WW!


text:
Today's top world news headlines show
the changes the Creation is having on the climate, volcanoes, and politics. They
are birthpains that confirm the soon manifestation of the true government on Earth led by the Man Christ Jesus, Jose Luis De Jesus.
With Kamchatka currently being one
of the most volcanically active places on the planet, here is a summary of the
current volcanic activity in the past week in the region by the Kamchatkan
Volcanic Eruption Response Team.
THE death toll from floods in
Indonesia's capital Jakarta has climbed to 14 after searchers pulled three more
bodies from the waters.
Unrelenting snowfalls have caused
unprecedented chaos in Russia. Over the past week, the country has seen scores
of traffic accidents, flight delays and, in some cases, the complete isolation
of some remote settlements and towns.
According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), the acceptable level of pollution per cubic meter is a maximum of 300
micrograms. According to the WHO, 1,000 micrograms of pollution is an alarming
level, 2,000 micrograms should be the limit because it can cause death. On
January 12, PM2.5 in Beijing reached 886
micrograms per cubic meter.
Carbon dioxide is a naturally
occurring gas in our atmosphere. View the seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide and
the increase of carbon dioxide every year due to human activity. Embedded video from NASA Jet Propulsion
Laboratory California Institute of Technology
Fossilized algae recently discovered
inside a Sri Lankan meteorite could finally prove the existence of
extra-terrestrial life, claim the authors of the new paper.
A fish containing over 2,500 times
Japan's legal limit for radiation in seafood has been caught in the vicinity of
the crippled Fukushima nuclear plant, the facility's operator reported.
At least eight people were killed
and 43 others injured when a bus collided with
a tanker Friday morning in the province of Santa Cruz, in eastern
Bolivia, local police sources said.
On December 31, 2012, the name of
Zhuo Zhang River suffered a more deadly taint. Thirty-nine tons of aniline — a
toxic derivative of benzene used in dyeing processes — sliced through a crack
in pipeline in Changzhi, Shanxi, and quickly spewed downstream.
These global news confirm the fact
we are at the last hour right before the greatest Global change that mankind
and Creation as a whole has been waiting for: The beginning of a new Era,
unlike anything before seen, whereby the Lord of lords, King of kings - José
Luis De Jesús - will govern over the Earth
and restore world peace and order, while the Evil seed of the world will
cease from being.


text:
PHOENIX - The PHX Sky Train will open in 2013 and provide a link between the light rail stop at 44th Street, the East Economy lot and Terminal 4. Future expansion will take the Sky Train to the other terminals and rental car lot.
The cost of stage one is $330 million and is employing nearly 6,000. None of the project is paid for by local tax dollars, but airport revenue.
The PHX Sky Train will be free to ride.
Explanation from Phoenix Sky Harbor on the 44th Street Station Walkthrough Animation:
- At the beginning of the animation, we provide an overhead view of the southwest corner of 44th Street and Washington, where the PHX Sky Train will connect with METRO light rail
- As the animation begins, you will see the METRO light rail train stopped at the 44th Street and Washington Station. You will also see an escalator and elevators next to the METRO train, which will transport riders to up to a pedestrian bridge.
- That bridge will provide a safe, convenient way for pedestrians to cross over the top of Washington Street. As you see in the animation, moving walkways will be provided for speed and convenience.
- Another set of escalators and elevators will take visitors up to the PHX Sky Train platform, where they will board the train.
For more information visit, www.skyharbor.com.


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Hyun-Jin Ryu whiffs 12 as Dodgers beat Rockies 6-2
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Get the answer to burning questions to: How does an electric motor convert electricity into motion? How does an electric generator do just the opposite? The Motors & Generators kit helps you find the answers to these and many more scientific questions. Electric motors and generators are in countless devices, appliances, and vehicles we use every day. They are an essential technology in our modern world. With this kit, you can conduct 25 different experiments! The electric motor is made of transparent plastic to show how the inside components work. Set up the motor to run on battery power and learn how a motor works. Then reconfigure the device to work in reverse as a hand-crank electric generator. Experiment with magnets to learn about the force of magnetism, and how magnetic fields relate to electric current. Build simple circuits consisting of the motor or generator, wires, and a light bulb to learn about the flow of electricity. Learn about gears and drive-trains and how they work to effectively convert kinetic energy into electrical energy and back again. The full-color, 48-page manual guides your experiments with step-by-step instructions. Motors & Generators Learn how motors and generators work with this fun science kit Develops scientific thinking and fine motor skills Over 25 different experiments Set up a motor and generator Experiment with magnetism, flow of electricity, gears & drive-trains 48-page, full-color manual provides step-by-step instructions 2AA batteries required
Ages 8 and up
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
A fibrous root system (sometimes also called adventitious root system) is the opposite of a taproot system. It is usually formed by thin, moderately branching roots growing from the stem. A fibrous root system is universal in monocotyledonous plants and ferns. The fibrous root systems look like a mat made out of roots when the tree has reached full maturity.
Most trees begin life with a taproot, but after one to a few years change to a wide-spreading fibrous root system with mainly horizontal surface roots and only a few vertical, deep anchoring roots. A typical mature tree 30-50 m tall has a root system that extends horizontally in all directions as far as the tree is tall or more, but well over 95% of the roots are in the top 50 cm depth of soil.
A few plants with fibrous root systems:
Fibrous roots grow fairly close to the surface of the ground.
This soil science–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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Second chance
A behind-the-scenes look at how Serco-run HMP & YOI Doncaster is tackling reoffending rates and using a new payment by results system
John Biggin, Director of Doncaster prison, is driven by just one overarching aim: to reduce reoffending rates. It's a more than worthwhile ambition, with nearly half of all criminals in the UK reoffending within a year of release. As a remand prison, the average stay at Doncaster is just 12 weeks, so Biggin does not have long to persuade prisoners to leave criminal behaviour behind: "We keep our programmes short and intense, typically just two weeks."
Any such programme needs to be both immediate and long-lasting, as the Serco-run prison is contracted on a 'payment by results' model – the first of its kind in the UK prison sector. Ten per cent of the prison's annual revenue is dependent on a 5% reduction in reoffending rates. Quite simply, if released prisoners end up back in court and are convicted – on any charge within a 12-month period – HMP & YOI Doncaster faces a financial penalty. But Biggin is unbowed by this pressure: "We know what we're doing works, and we're prepared to bet our revenue on it. Payment by results makes perfect sense in the current climate. It means taking total responsibility and enables me to make decisions at a local level, tailoring programmes to the needs of the prisoners."
Reducing reoffending creates huge savings, too. "A career criminal may commit as many as 40 offences each year," says Biggin. "When you take into account the time and money spent on each offender by the police, the courts, probation, and the NHS if they are abusing drugs, not to mention the support services required to help victims of crime, a reduction of 5% means a significant saving across the board."
Of course, behind the statistics are real people in need of support to help them break destructive cycles of behaviour. The programmes on offer at the prison aim to provide transferable skills and qualifications that offenders can use after they leave, to help them find new ways of life. NVQs can be taken in manufacturing, printing, catering and bricklaying, to name but a few, while drama workshops, sports and military-style training help to build individuals' confidence and sense of self-worth. This is possible thanks to the prison's pioneering work with more than 150 external partners. "We have a massive network of local organisations and communities helping us," he says.
The partnerships thrive because they are mutually beneficial. For example, the Central School of Speech and Drama's applied theatre students are required to learn to teach 'hard to reach' groups, and so visit the prison to run short courses. In turn, the prisoners are helped through drama and role play to explore issues such as drug addiction and domestic violence. The course culminates in a play, performed by prisoners for other inmates and their families.
Offenders who develop and maintain family relationships are six times less likely to reoffend, so another key focus for Doncaster is the promotion of family ties. The Families First programme ensures that emphasis is on communication rather than security during visits. There are toddler mornings and a scheme to help fathers get in touch with estranged offspring, while Daddy Newborn classes introduce fathers to children born during their incarceration.
A special room, kitted out by partner Mothercare, lies away from the noise of the meeting hall. New dads are encouraged to bathe, feed and bond with their babies, and to understand the challenges their partners face in bringing up a child alone.
The prison also runs a social enterprise, Second Shot Productions, that offers creative services to generate profits that are reinvested in the company. The prisoners offer filmmaking and graphic design services to external clients, while also training in these disciplines. Second Shot aims to offer jobs to nine ex-offenders during the next three years.
A 'privilege system' of basic, standard and enhanced levels provides incentive for prisoners to stay out of trouble. Those with enhanced privileges spend less time in their cells, for example. Biggin operates a zero tolerance policy to drug taking and violent behaviour. If a prisoner commits an offence, a mini 'court' decides on a punishment. This approach has resulted in a 40% reduction in cases such as these since September 2009, and drug abuse and violent incidents are down to the lowest levels in the prison's history.
Ex-offenders are most vulnerable in the first three months after release – they may have lost their homes and jobs and have little to return to. This is when they are most likely to reoffend, and why Serco's bid to continue running the prison included an outline for a ground-breaking offender-management programme.
Partnerships with charities Turning Point and Catch22 offer mentoring to offenders during their stay and after their release – what Biggin refers to as 'through the gate' support. Volunteers make regular visits to give advice and help on practical matters such as employment options, housing and benefits. The relationships continue after release and, crucially, the same case manager is involved. "There is a big gap in the prison system around those serving less than 12 months," Biggin says. These are often the people who go on to commit further crimes, so filling this gap benefits everyone. The effects of payment by results and these programmes are the most exciting prospects for criminal justice in my 20-year career."
At a glance
- Serco has run HMP & YOI Doncaster since it opened in June 1994. In August 2000, Serco was awarded the contract to continue running it for another ten years. In March 2011 a further 15-year contract was agreed.
- Payment by results is being trialled for two years with extension periods built in until the five year mark.
- The prison is a Category B establishment with capacity for a population of 1,145 male prisoners.
- Serco runs four adult prisons, a Young Offenders Institution and a Secure Training Centre for juveniles. The company also operates two prisons in Western Australia and provides non-custodial services to Hunfeld Prison in Germany.
Is it working?
Awards in 2010
- John Biggin was voted the Guardian's Public Servant of the Year
- He received a special award from the Chartered Management Institute for inspirational leadership
- He also won Inspiration Leader at Serco's annual Pulse awards
- HMP & YOI Doncaster won Large Employer of the Year (awarded by South Yorkshire Newspapers and voted for by readers of the local paper, the Free Press)
- Social enterprise Second Shot Productions won the Koestler Trusts' Drama Platinum Award for their staging of the play, My Darling Son
- The Sword of Honour (from the British Safety Council), following its five-star health and safety management audit
- POPs (Partners of Prisoners) Crystal Heart Award for Family Ties
- The PrisonerActionNet Award for Arts & Media
- The prison has Investors in People accreditation, and an HM Inspectorate report described its work with families as "amongst the best we've ever seen"


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Erosion has exposed the seawall in the vacant area that was once the greyhound track's double-decker parking lot. James York bends down, digs around by the wall, and comes up with a chunk of marine-blue cement. He is standing where Jack Diamond's hamburger shack used to be, over in the far corner of the parking lot.
By the late Seventies when York, then a freshman in high school, started surfing on South Beach, riding waves had long since ceased to be a national sensation. A regular group of local surfers still hung out by the pier, but the businesses they once supported had disappeared. The surf-shop owners had moved their stores up to Cocoa Beach or Melbourne, and some of the surfers had gone with them. Others had put their boards aside for inland careers or taken up trendier hobbies. Miami Beach's glory days were over. South Beach had severely deteriorated.
"It was not a place that you came to relax at the beach then," notes York, walking toward the water. "A couple cars a day were being stolen. They were smashing windows. There were fights all the time. There were cops everywhere. Not a lot was going on on the beach then, either. It was old people who were eating cat food; it was refugees who were trying to rip you off; and it was surfers. It sounds corny when I say it, but you really felt like you were living in a frontier within this setting. Because everyone was on edge. Everything was very unconventional. There was nobody here speculating about land. And there was nobody here who would just bring out a beach chair and enjoy the sun A everybody went to Key Biscayne to do that."
"Surfers aren't really flashy people," chimes in Mark Rosen, "so the criminal element wasn't real interested in us. They figured if we were crazy enough to be out in the ocean when there were 60-mile-an-hour winds and you could barely walk to the beach without being pelted by sand, and there were big gnarly, choppy waves, and man-of-war -- most people just figured we were lunatics so they didn't bother us that much."
About the only remaining surfers' hangout back then was Jack Diamond's hamburger stand, which served as a personal restaurant, message center, and weather tower for the hard-core group of surfers who were on South Beach every day that there was the possibility of a wave. In the morning, Jack, a crusty transplanted New Yorker in his 50s, would take out his dog-track binoculars and check out the conditions. When the surfers called him, he'd give them his version of a surf report.
"If there were no waves, he'd tell us there were waves [anyway], so we'd come and he could do some business," remembers Rosen. "But then a group of us promised him that if he would tell other surfers that the waves were a little bit smaller than they really were, we'd support him. We suggested to him to serve what we liked to eat. He had these hot dogs and hamburgers of undeterminate origin. We had him go down to the Daily Bread Bakery in Miami and get some whole-wheat pitas. We had him get some spinach pies. Then every time we finished surfing we'd go right up there and buy something from him. That was the deal we had."
That deal lasted until 1980, the year the dog track was leveled. Jack closed down his stand one day and disappeared. Five years later, City of Miami Beach officials demolished the sagging Million-Dollar Pier, and the Army Corps of Engineers widened the beach, filling in the area in front of the seawall with sand as part of a plan to build a new jetty closer to Government Cut. So ended an era of South Beach surfing.
"Mother Nature has full control of it now," says York. "Now there's no structure for the formation of sandbars."
Local surfers say the removal of the pier undoubtedly reduced the size and quality of the waves, and, in turn, the number of good surfing days on South Beach. On top of that, some believe global warming has affected the number of surfing days per season.
"My surfing days have definitely diminished over the years," acknowledges Rosen. "Our weather patterns have changed. In the Seventies, winter temperatures in the 50s were common; often they'd get down to the 30s. We'd get slammed with strong weather systems more often."
Recently surfing has become trendy again. So has South Beach. These days the water off First Street is packed with locals, tourists, and surfer wanna-be's. That doesn't seem to unnerve James York too much. He contemplates the chunk of old blue cement he holds from Jack Diamond's hamburger stand for a moment, then looks out at the ocean. He says he'll keep surfing on South Beach as long as he's in Miami. But it's no longer a frontier.
"The conception of surfing has changed, not just in Miami Beach but really throughout the developed world," York laments. "At one time, in order to be a surfer, you had to be an amateur meteorologist and you had to be damn good at it. You had to be a kind of a mystic, you had to understand the ways of the water, the way the ocean is. And if you didn't understand that, you had your head up your ass.


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CALA is celebrating its 40th anniversary in 2012 and 2013. As part of this celebration, we will be collecting and archiving documents, photos and all other materials that reflect CALA historical moments, its people, and the accomplishments of this diverse community.
The CALA 40th Celebration Task-Force cordially invite you to participate in this activity by sending your collections of CALA items to us. The due date has been extended to 1/31/2014. The outcomes will be published in various CALA channels (such as CALA 40th special issue, CALA website, CALA Facebook or CALA YouTube Channel) in Spring 2014.
Please complete the form below. Should you have any files to submit, please attach below or send the files to the following email:
Be sure to send your files with the same email as you provide in this form or give us some clue so that we can match your form with the files you submit.


text: The HELM Center is located in Room T7-220.It is open Monday – Thursday (9:00am - 5:00pm) and usually one evening weekly during the fall and spring semesters. The hours of operation are posted on the door to the Center. When the Center is closed or no one is available, messages may be left onVoice mail at: (718) 368-4909FAX at: (718) 368-4788.E-mail:email@example.com


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Ingredients & Description
Allergy Research Group - NutriCology -Full Spectrum Vitamin K (90 softgels)Full Spectrum Vitamin K™ is a comprehensive vitamin K formula containing three forms of vitamin K, as well as representative forms of the other fat soluble vitamins, vitamins A and D, and vitamin E as gamma and delta tocotrienols.
Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, 1 softgel one or two times daily with meals, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. Taking with a fat containing meal may further enhance absorption.
Contraindicated with use of anticoagulant drugs.
Other ingredients: Sunflower oil, gelatin, glycerin, water, yellow beeswax, carob extract, soy lecithin, zinc oxide.
These nutrients are of the highest quality and purity obtainable, and do not contain preservatives, diluents, or artificial additives.
Keep in a cool, dry place, tightly capped.
*This statement has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug administration. The product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
*Not intended to diagnose or treat diseases or ailments, and is not reviewed by the FDA.
Uses & Indications.


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Pianists to duel, take requests at Fox on Friday
By DAWNE LEIKER
Back by popular demand, Dueling Pianos will bring a unique form of entertainment and crowd interaction Friday night at Fox Pavilion, 1202 Main.
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By DAWNE LEIKER
Back by popular demand, Dueling Pianos will bring a unique form of entertainment and crowd interaction Friday night at Fox Pavilion, 1202 Main.
According to Daneen Keller, Fox Pavilion's sales, marketing and event manager, Dueling Pianos performed for a private group at the Fox in December and proved to be a crowd-pleaser.
"It went over well, so we decided to bring them back for the public," Keller said.
Founder Caz Bzdek and other dueling piano players of Colorado-based Actual Talent Entertainment Group will perform on two baby grand pianos. Dueling Pianos is able to play "thousands of requests instantly for all ages," Bzdek said. "Because the crowd determines what we play, no two shows are ever the same."
Bzdek will be joined by performers Dan Fischer and Louis Rodgers on Friday evening.
"They will do some songs, and they will duel," Keller said. "And around 11 p.m., we will push all the tables back so people can dance, and they can do requests."
Keller said they have sold about 150 tickets so far and are anticipating "a good crowd," particularly since the show has the potential to draw individuals attending Friday nights' Hays Arts Council Spring Gallery Walk.
Tickets are available through www.ticketmaster.com and from Fox Pavilion and are $20 in advance, $25 the day of show and at the door.


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kindhearted: likes to help people in need, and making people feel better. The world needs more kindness!
fair: Being fair is the key to making both parties satisfied in a conflict. Logical reasoning can help support your ideas.
hardworking: Believes nothing is acquired for free, including skill and knowledge; you need to study hard to earn them. Doing your best in everything is always important.
good memory
quick calculations
emotional at times: passionate in both good and bad ways.
slightly clingy: as much as he's emotional, he considers friendships/acquaintances to be very important; if a friend drifts away, he'd try his best to keep them but he has a hard time expressing it the right way.
easily stressed: study stress, parents' / teachers' expectations, and contemplating future career choices are sometimes overwhelming.
"딸기케익 먹고 싶다..." ( "I want some strawberry cake..." )
science major: chose the science department instead of the humanities department in second year. The subjects Science students learn differ from the Humanities students, learning things such as Vectors and Geometry, Calculus, Algebra II, Biology, etc.
secretary of science club: keeps track of past experiments, experiment reports, and the supply list.
Lived overseas for a long time, hence his fluency in English.
Not that great at physical activity.
Likes to linger at bakery showcase windows, staring at the elaborate cakes displayed.
Enjoys eating sushi, noodle dishes, strawberries, and anything strawberry-flavored.
Gangmin: junior and close friend
Sunwoo: science club acquaintance & classmate
Seojin: science club acquaintance & classmate & close friend
Hyun-Que: friend from elementary school & comedy combo
Aver: classmate and later a good friend


text: Made from 100% natural latex, Sir Richard's condoms are glycerin and paraben free, vegan friendly, and have a minimal latex odor. Each Sir Richard's condom is electronically tested for safety and reliability as approved by the FDA. The ultra thin condom is as strong as the other condoms but so sheer it allows for supreme sensitivity and pleasure. Sir Richard's believes safe sex is a basic human right. Only a fraction of the global demand for condoms is met each year. With Sir Richard's, you're helping to bridge that gap. For every Sir Richard's condom bought, they donate one condom to a country in need. Doing good never felt better.


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I have been seeing my boyfriend for about a month now, in past relationships I feel like I didn't wait long enough and I always end up regretting it. I want to earn his respect, and wait for the right time. What advice can you give me to know whether its the right time or if its just temptation. I don't want to make a mistake again.
I definitely agree with you on that Missie. I always tell a guy about my views on waiting until we are dating and all that, its a very good way to weed out the jerks from guys that are actually worth my time.
I know I need to ask about testing, I just am trying to figure out a way to bring it up that doesn't come off sounding rude.
April 28, 2011 - 7:55amHi,
You are right---this is a tricky conversation, but an important discussion that can ultimately lead to increased trust, honesty and intimacy.
Here are a few suggestions that I have found:
- Go Ask Alice: How do I ask my partner about his past?
- Coversation Starters: STD Testing from USDHHS
To answer your first question, there is also a Sex Readiness Checklist at Scarleteen: http://www.scarleteen.com/article/sexuality/ready_or_not_the_scarleteen_...
Let us know how your conversation goes! You can bounce some ideas off of us on this thread, if you would like to.
April 28, 2011 - 11:56amThank you for your post. I love this post. I love your honesty with you boyfriend. I hope your boyfriend also believe on you like you. I hope you live a happy life with your boyfriend.
[inappropriate website removed by Moderator, per posting guidelines]
April 27, 2011 - 10:15pmHi bsygirl,
Thank you for your response. I am a single lady myself and I can offer you the way I deal with this very subject. I agree, completely, with Susan as there is no specific "timeline" when you should take a step farther in your relationship....this you will know when it is time.
As for the STD portion, I make it VERY clear right up front that this is a must to be with me. Hey, if he doesn't like it, then he does not respect you and move on. I have never heard anyone complain about this in my experience. In one circumstance, I was informed that he had herpes and then he gave me my choice to stay or to leave. My choice was to leave.
Yes, you are correct that some STDs can lay dormant for a while such as HPV, but without physical genital warts, there is no testing on men for this as of now. Even with testing, you should always use condoms as Susan mentioned. It only takes one time to live with something for the rest of your life.....make sense?
Good luck,
That also brings me to another question that I have :/ . When it comes to STDs, what is a good way to bring up testing? I don't want to offend him, but I want to protect my body. I heard that it take about 6 months for STDs to show up completely, is that correct?
April 27, 2011 - 1:58pmHi bsygirl
Thanks for your post!
I think you have answered your own question by saying that having sex too quickly in the past has led to unfulfilling relationships and that you want to wait in order to avoid that again.
There is no "time-line" guide, just make sure you are physically and emotionally read and ALWAYS use a condom NO MATTER what he says!
When it feels right to you, you'll know. Don't use a calendar - and take your time. Don't hold back if you really feel ready but never let anyone pressure you either, whether you are dating a month or a year.
Good luck and thanks for writing!
All user-generated information on this site is the opinion of its author only and is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment for any medical conditions. Members and guests are responsible for their own posts and the potential consequences of those posts detailed in our Terms of Service.


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Reviewed By Melvin B (San Diego, CA) Reviewed for a 2013 Ford Explorer —9/29/2014 4:41 PM
The brakes look good and seem to be working as advertised. I only gave it four stars since it's only been installed for a week. But it works good and so far no brake squeal. I would highly recommend this product.


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Frameworks Software
Aswang Aswang is a lightweight and flexible C++ class framework meant to make windows GUI development easier and faster without the imposition of bloated libraries or any particular visual style.
2 weekly downloads -
Red Piper The Red Piper project simplifies client/server connections. Standard connection stacks on market-leading app server and client platforms frees developers from Web browsers, and enables native clients.
0 weekly downloads


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Crunch Fitness
This employer has taken extra steps to respond to reviews and provide job seekers with accurate company information, photos, and reviews. Interested for your company?Learn More.
Employer Engaged
Interview Question
Membership Advisor Interview San Mateo, CA
Crunch FitnessBecause I had no sales experience, I got put to the test
. First test was "sell me this stapler" and he didn't really give in until I worked for it and wouldn't let him not "buy" it. Second test was that I had to go up to this girl who was sitting at a desk that worked there and "sell her on signing up for a Crunch membership/personal training/classes"
behavioral See more , See less 8
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12/03/2013 | In the News
Mar. 04, 2015 | In the News
Preaching Lecture with Dr. Jeremiah A. Wright, Jr.
Forum where Rev Dr Wright shares his interpretation of seventy years of African American preaching.
Mar. 04, 2015 | Worship
Word & Table Chapel Service
Rev Dr Jeremiah A. Wright will bring us the Word. Open to the public. Please join us!
Mar. 05, 2015 | Faculty
Six Ways to Santiago
Documentary and discussion with Dr. Marti Steussy who hiked the Camino De Santiago in the Fall of 2014.
Mar. 10, 2015 - Mar. 05, 2015 | In the News
Blessed are the Crazy
How do we break through the stigmas around mental illness with author Sarah Lund. In the Counseling Center Parlor. Lunch provided with RSVP.


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After setting second fastest time this morning in private testing, Antonio Pizzonia went one better when the first official practice session began in Montreal.
The Jaguar driver made best use of his two hours of running earlier in the day, and was out before the rain arrived. The result was the session's only lap below 1m 17s, a 1m 16.621s.
The rain contributed to several off-track moments, though nobody damaged their cars.
David Coulthard went off at Turn 10, which also caught out Giancarlo Fisichella and Jarno Trulli later on, while Michael Schumacher and Trulli went off at Turn 1, and Pizzonia sampled the dirt in Turn 8. Schumacher and Fisichella also missed the chicane.
Juan Pablo Montoya staked a claim to what he hopes will be a second consecutive race win with second fastest time for Williams, in 1m 17.216s, just ahead of Schumacher's Ferrari on 1mn 17.228s. Making it a good morning for Jaguar, Mark Webber was fourth fastest on 1m 17.344s, with Olivier Panis, Ralf Schumacher and an on-form Ralph Firman completing the runners in the 1m 17s bracket.
Kimi Raikkonen and Coulthard were eighth and ninth for McLaren, separated by one hundredth of a second, with Rubens Barrichello, Cristiano da Matta, Justin Wilson and Jacques Villeneuve on their tails.
Those who did not run at all when the track was briefly dry were Nick Heidfeld, Jos Verstappen, Fisichella, Jenson Button, Fernando Alonso (who had been fastest for Renault in private testing) and Trulli.
With the rain apparently set for qualifying this afternoon, and more expected tomorrow, all of the teams could find it very difficult to sort out their tyre choice for the race, which is still forecast to be dry.


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Junior Member
So i finished season 2 with 1100 ELO after months of grinding. So I promised myself I would wait at least four months into season 3 to start Ranked, thus letting the trolls become bottom feeders again. But Im so done with the imcompitence of Reg that I may need to start early. So I ask, is it safe to enter the water that is Ranked LOL?????
APM Nyhmz
Senior Member
It will never be safe, I mean there will always be new rush of people who just hit 30 and want to ranked. And in your ELO range you will always encounter them so unless you get out of the 1000-1300 range you will always get them. Also I don't wanna hear ``But these bads are bringing me down``, like everyone will tell you if you are good enough you will slowly crawl out of there, may take you 30 games or it may take you a 1000 games, because League is so focused on snowballing that if you just completly destroy your lane and goes to help lanes that are suffering you will lift that 900 tons team. Though if most of your lanes at 1100 ELO range are ties or you lose half and win half, tell yourself that you are probably at the right place.
There are trolls in every elo bracket my friend, you are wasting time not playing. I am currently sitting at 1300 ELO but I've been going up and down around that bracket for a week or so. Trolls exist in all areas of the game!


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William Anderson
Moapa, Nevada
I'm the chairman for the Moapa Band of Paiutes. We've been utilizing this land and the river for farming for many generations. We've been here forever.
We have over 71,000 acres of land here, and we've set aside about 2,000 acres to build a solar energy plant. What we're trying to do is find a solution to help our people breathe clean air. We want to show that we're taking the effort to be more responsible with the land, to provide something that's clean and safe.
This is not just for us, but also for the people who live nearby. If the power plant were to shut down, the job loss would be negative on the whole area. That's why we're trying to come up with a solution that provides economic development, so we can hire more and more people from the surrounding community.
We want to create jobs, and we want to show our neighbors that there are ways to produce energy other than polluting the earth. (Interviewed July 19–20, 2012)
Photo by Ami Vitale/Panos Pictures


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Cetartiodactyls Temporal range: late Paleocene - Recent |
A restoration of Pakicetus, an ancient Cetartiodactyl | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Infraclass: | Eutheria |
Superorder: | Laurasiatheria |
(unranked): | Cetartiodactyla |
Clades | |
Cetartiodactyla is the clade in which whales (including dolphins) and even-toed ungulates have currently been placed. The term was coined in 1997 by merging the name for the two orders, Cetacea and Artiodactyla, into a single word.[1] The term Cetartiodactyla reflects the idea that whales evolved within the artiodactyls. Under this definition, their closest living land relative is thought to be the hippopotamus. The clade formed by uniting whales and hippos is called Whippomorpha.[2] Alternatively, the term 'Cetartiodactyla' is used to denote a clade where Cetacea evolved alongside Artiodactyla and not within it. Under this definition, all artiodactyls, including hippos, are more closely related to one another than any are to the whales.
This group has been proposed as a new order, and the merger between the two orders Cetacea and Artiodactyla is supported by the IUCN Cetacean Specialist Group [3] and by Taxonomy Committee [4] of the Society for Marine Mammalogy, the largest international association of marine mammal scientists in the world. Use of Order Cetartiodactyla, instead of Cetacea with Suborders Odontoceti and Mysticeti, is favored by most evolutionary mammalogists working with molecular data.[2][5][6][7]
Whales evolved from land mammals and appear to form a monophyletic group. It is well accepted that all whales evolved from a single ancestor. The most widely accepted hypothesis before the 1990s was the closest relatives to whales were the fossil group Mesonychia. These were hooved, predominantly carnivorous mammals known only from fossils. But, today[vague] few authorities still consider mesonychids to be more closely related to whales than artiodactyls. Instead, they are usually considered to be the closest relative of the Cetartiodactyla as a whole.
Kin to hippos[edit]
The idea that whales evolved from within the Artiodactyla is based on analysis of DNA sequences. In the initial molecular analyses, whales were shown to be more closely related to ruminants (such as cattle and deer) than ruminants are to pigs. For the order name to reflect a real evolutionary unit, the term Cetartiodactyla was coined.
Later molecular analyses included a wider sampling of artiodactyls and produced a more complete tale. Hippos were determined to be the closest living relative of whales, ruminants were related to a whale/hippo clade, and pigs were more distant. In addition to producing the controversial whale/hippo clade, these analyses debunked the idea that hippos and pigs are closely related. This had been a popular taxonomic hypothesis (Suiformes) based on similarities in morphological (physical) characteristics.
In addition to DNA and protein sequences, researchers tracked the movement of transposons called SINEs in the genome (see the method at retrotransposon marker). A transposon is a DNA sequence that will occasionally make a copy of itself and insert that copy into another part of the genome. It is considered highly unlikely that SINEs will insert themselves into exactly the same part of a genome by chance. The data indicate several transposons inserted themselves at the same point in the genomes of whales, ruminants and hippos (sometimes referred to as "pseudoruminants" because, although they have four-chambered stomachs like true ruminants, they do not chew the cud). This insertion point is not shared with camels and pigs.
This hypothesis has been tested with DNA sequences from a host of genes: the complete mitochondrial genome (as well as several of its genes independently), beta-casein, kappa-casein, von Willebrand factor, breast cancer 1, recombination activating genes 1 and 2, cannabinoid receptor 1, and several others. These sequence data and the transposons converge on the same conclusion that hippos and whales are more closely related to one another than either is to other artiodactyls.
Sequences analyzed in combined analyses with morphological characters have also produced the same results as sequences alone. Some have argued that the sheer number of characters (one for each nucleotide) in sequences swamps out the effects of morphology. A few morphology-based studies have suggested (weakly) the same results as the molecular results, but, overall, most morphological studies have conflicted with the whale/hippo hypothesis of Cetartiodactyla.
An important exception is a study conducted by Boisserie et al. (2005). They examined 80 hard morphological characters of fossil and extant cetartiodactylan taxa. Their results suggest that the hippopotamids evolved from within a clade of anthracotheres. That anthracothere/hippopotamid clade appears to be sister to the Cetacea and supports the molecular results.
A clade apart[edit]
The morphology and paleontology-based opinion of the relationship of whales to other mammals has also undergone considerable changes since the early 1990s. Fossils, such as Rodhocetus, have been discovered that refute the notion that whales are derived from or are closely related to the mesonychids. Many morphologists[who?] and paleontologists support the notion of a clade called Cetartiodactyla that unites Cetacea with Artiodactyla. Many[who?] are not, however, in support of the hypothesis that Cetacea evolved from within the Artiodactyla. Under this definition, Artiodactyla remains a valid clade since artiodactyls evolved from a common ancestor separate from whales. Cetartiodactyla would represent a grandorder or superorder uniting the two orders.
The vast majority of phylogenetic analyses based on morphological characters have not uncovered a whale/hippo clade, but show Cetacea and Artiodactyla as distinct from one another.[citation needed] Features of the bones of the astragalus in the ankle region are cited as particular evidence for a monophyletic Artiodactyla. In any case, an origin of the Cetacea from within the Ungulata was proposed as early as 1900 by Frank Evers Beddard in A book of whales. But, Beddard found the anatomical and fossil record at that time insufficient to rule out other possibilities, such as the notion that whales are a basal lineage among placental mammals, or the popular theory relating them to terrestrial carnivores. Because Beddard himself was not fully convinced, his bold proposal was largely forgotten.
Hippo fossils have not been observed until the Miocene (23 to 5 Ma), but whale ancestors have been dated to the Eocene (56 to 34 Ma). The whale/hippo hypothesis imposes a gap of nearly 30 million years where no hippo ancestors are known. Certain anthracotheres have been proposed as hippo ancestors, but this concept has not garnered wide support among paleontologists.[citation needed] However, the most recent hypothesis into the origins of hippopotamids suggests that hippos and whales shared a common semi-aquatic ancestor that branched off from other Artiodactyls around 60 million years ago.[8][9] This hypothesized ancestral group likely split into two branches around 54 million years ago.[10] One branch would evolve into cetaceans, possibly beginning with the proto-whale Pakicetus from 52 million years ago with other early whale ancestors collectively known as Archaeoceti, which eventually underwent aquatic adaptation into the completely aquatic cetaceans.[11] Thus, Cetartiodactyla is supported as a monophyletic group.
Chromosome number[edit]
The ancestral cetartiodactyl karyotype is 2n = 48.[12]
Laurasiatheria |
Artiodactyla |
See also[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to: Cetartiodactyla |
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9159933
- ^ a b Spaulding, M.; O'Leary, MA.; Gatesy, J. (2009). "Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) Among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution.". PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007062.
- ^ http://www.iucn-csg.org/index.php/taxonomy/
- ^ http://www.marinemammalscience.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=758&Itemid=340
- ^ Agnarsson, I.; May-Collado, LJ. (2008). "The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: the importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies.". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 48 (3): 964–985.
- ^ Price, SA.; Bininda-Emonds, OR.; Gittleman, JL. (2005). "A complete phylogeny of the whales, dolphins and even-toed hoofed mammals (Cetartiodactyla).". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 80 (3): 445–473.
- ^ Montgelard, C.; Catzeflis, FM.; Douzery, E. (1997). "Phylogenetic relationships of artiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12S RNA mitochondrial sequences.". Molecular Biology and Evolution 14: 550–559.
- ^ "Scientists find missing link between the dolphin, whale and its closest relative, the hippo". Science News Daily. 2005-01-25. Retrieved 2007-06-18.[dead link]
- ^ Gatesy, J. (1997). "More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen". Molecular Biology and Evolution 14 (5): 537–543. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025790. PMID 9159931.
- ^ Ursing,B.M.; U. Arnason (1998). "Analyses of mitochondrial genomes strongly support a hippopotamus-whale clade". Proceedings of the Royal Society 265 (1412): 2251–5. doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0567. PMC 1689531. PMID 9881471.
- ^ Boisserie, Jean-Renaud; Fabrice Lihoreau and Michel Brunet (February 2005). "The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (5): 1537–1541. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409518102. PMC 547867. PMID 15677331.
- ^ Kulemzina AI, Yang F, Trifonov VA, Ryder OA, Ferguson-Smith MA, Graphodatsky AS (2011) Chromosome painting in Tragulidae facilitates the reconstruction of Ruminantia ancestral karyotype. Chromosome Res.
- Agnarsson, I.; May-Collado, L. (2008). "The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: the importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of Cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (3): 964–985. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.046. PMID 18590827.
- Boissere, J.-R.; Lihoreau, F.; Brunet, M. (2005). "The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (5): 1537–1541. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409518102. PMC 547867. PMID 15677331.
- Gatesy, J. (1997). "More support for a Cetacea / Hippopotamidae clade: The blood clotting protein gene g-fibrinogen". Molecular Biology and Evolution 14 (5): 537–543. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025790. PMID 9159931.
- Gatesy, J.; Hayashi, C.; Cronin, M.; Arctander, P. (1996). "Evidence from milk casein genes that cetaceans are close relatives of hippopotamid artiodactyls". Molecular Biology and Evolution 13 (7): 954–963. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025663. PMID 8752004.
- Gatesy, J.; Mathee, C.; DeSalle, R.; Hayashi, C. (2002). "Resolution of a supertree/supermatrix paradox". Systematic Biology 51 (4): 652–664. doi:10.1080/10635150290102311. PMID 12228007.
- Gatesy, J.; Milinkovitch, M.; Waddell, V.; Stanhope, M. (1999). "Stability of cladistic relationships between Cetacea and higher-level artiodactyl taxa". Systematic Biology 48 (1): 6–20. doi:10.1080/106351599260409. PMID 12078645.
- Graur, D.; Higgins, D. (1994). "Molecular evidence for the inclusion of cetaceans within the order Artiodactyla". Molecular Biology and Evolution 11 (3): 357–364. PMID 8015431.
- May-Collado, L.; Agnarsson, I. (2006). "Cytochrome b and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (2): 344–354. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.019. PMID 16325433.
- Milinkovitch, M. C.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (1997). "Even-toed fingerprints on whale ancestry". Nature 388 (6643): 622–624. doi:10.1038/41650. PMID 9262391.
- Montgelard, C.; Catzeflis, F.; Douzery, E. (1997). "Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12S RNA mitochondrial sequences". Molecular Biology and Evolution 14 (5): 550–559. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025792. PMID 9159933.
- Naylor, G. J. P.; Adams, D. C. (2001). "Are the fossil data really at odds with the molecular data? Morphological evidence for Cetartiodactyla phylogeny reexamined". Systematic Biology 50 (3): 444–453. doi:10.1080/106351501300318030. PMID 12116586.
- O'Leary, M. A.; Geisler, J. H. (1999). "The position of Cetacea within Mammalia: phylogenetic analysis of morphological data from extinct and extant taxa". Systematic Biology 48 (3): 455–490. doi:10.1080/106351599260102. PMID 12066291.
- Nikaido, M; Rooney, AP; Okada, N (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interpersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 (18): 10261–10266. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10261. PMC 17876. PMID 10468596.
- Shedlock, A. M.; Milinkovitch, M. C.; Okada, N. (2000). "SINE evolution, missing data, and the origin of whales". Systematic Biology 49 (4): 808–816. doi:10.1080/106351500750049851.
- Shimamura, M.; Yasue, H.; Ohshima, K.; Abe, H.; Kato, H.; Kishiro, T.; Goto, M.; Munechika, I.; Okada, N. (1997). "Molecular evidence from retroposons that whales form a clade within even-toed ungulates". Nature 388 (6643): 666–670. doi:10.1038/41759. PMID 9262399.
- Thewissen, J. G.; Williams, E. M.; Roe, L. J.; Hussain, S. T. (2001). "Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls". Nature 413 (6853): 277–281. doi:10.1038/35095005. PMID 11565023.


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text:
James Butler (Duke of Ormond, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland)
12 Annotations
Pauline • Link
12th Earl and 1st Duke of Ormond
(1610-88). Politician and soldier. The richest and most powerful of the Anglo-Irish magnates of his day and at the same time a man of simple loyalties and the highest principles. For his services as royalist leader in Ireland during the rebellion, he was at the Restoration made a Duke and Lord Steward of the Household. In 1661 he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant and was responsible for the Restoration settlement in Ireland. He fell victim to Buckingham's enmity in 1669. In a second term of duty as Lord-Lieutenant (1677-85), he kept Ireland quiet during the turmoil of the Popish Plot. Contemporaries and historians agree in regarding him as one of the most admirable figures in 17th-century public life.
L&M Companion
Pedro. • Link
Marquis of Ormond, James Butler, 1610-1688.
Bishop Gilbert Burnet (1643-1715) says he was in every way fitted for a Court; of graceful appearance, a lively wit, a cheerful temper; a man of great expense, but decent even in his vices, for he always kept up the form of religion; too faithful not to give always good advices, but when bad ones were followed too complacent to be any great complainer. He had gone through many transactions with more fidelity than success, and in the siege of Dublin miscarried as far as to lessen the opinion of his military conduct; but his constant attendance on his master, his easiness to him and great sufferings for him, raised him to be Lord Steward of the Household and Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland.
Jeannine • Link
The Life of James Duke of Ormond
Thomas Carte
This was an amazing set of 6 volumes (more or less, depending on the version) which explored in painstaking detail the life, letters and correspondence of James Butler, the Dukeof Ormond (strong supporter of Charles I & II and friend of Clarendon). Depending upon your interest in the details of history and politics, the detail can be somewhat overwhelming. Ormond was an old Royalist who sacrificed much to the Stuart monarchy and was not always treated well by either Charles I or II. He is noted during this time period for his exceptional moral character and ease of manner, two things that seemed quite missing from most men in the court of Charles II. Several of the volumes dedicate a great deal of time to his governmental dealings in Ireland and also his interactions and support of the Stuarts. He was a fast thinking and unflappable man who carried himself with dignity and with in his interactions. One of my favorite anecdotes takes place between Lady Castlemaine (Charles
jeannine • Link
Footnote from Grammont
James Butler, Duke of Ormond, born 19th October, 1610, and died 21st July, 1688. Lord Clarendon, in the Continuation of his Life, observes, that "he frankly engaged his person and his fortune in the king's service, from the first hour of the troubles, and pursued it with that courage and constancy, that when the king was murdered, and he deserted by the Irish, contrary to the articles of peace which they had made with him, and when he could make no longer defence, he refused all the conditions which Cromwell offered, who would have given him all his vast estate if he would have been contented to live quietly in some of his own houses, without further concerning himself in the quarrel; and transported himself, without so much as accepting a pass from his authority, in a little weak vessel into France, where he found the king, from whom he never parted till he returned with him into England. Having thus merited as much as a subject can do from a prince, he had much more credit and esteem with the king than any other man." -- Continuation of the Life of Lord Clarendon, p. 4, fol. edit. Bishop Burnet says of him, "he was a man every way fitted for a court; of a graceful appearance, a lively wit, and a cheerful temper; a man of great expense; decent even in his vices, for he always kept up the form of region. He had gone through many transactions in Ireland with more fidelity than success. He had made a treaty with the Irish, which was broken by the great body of them, though some few of them adhered still to him. But the whole Irish nation did still pretend, that though they had broke the agreement first, yet he, or rather the king, in whose name he had treated with them, was bound to perform all the articles of the treaty. He had miscarried so in the siege of Dublin, that it very much lessened the opinion of his military conduct. Yet his constant attendance on his master, his easiness to him, and his great suffering for him, raised him to be lord-steward of the household, and lord-lieutenant of Ireland. He was firm to the protestant religion, and so far firm to the laws, that he always gave good advices; but when bad ones were followed, he was not for complaining too much of them." -- Burnet's Own Times, vol. i. p. 230.
http://www.pseudopodium.org/repress/grammont/no... see note 44
Mc Ormond • Link
I am looking for Name Mc Ormond back ground
Mc Ormond • Link
I am looking for Name Mc Ormond back ground
Terry F • Link
James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormond
Michael Webb • Link
The papers of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond, form part of the Carte collection at the Bodleian Library. An online calendar of the papers from the Restoration period (1660-1687) is available.
Bill • Link
The duke of Ormond was an excellent soldier, an accomplished courtier, and an able statesman; and, what was a better character than all these, he was the good, the humane, and benevolent man. He did and suffered much in the cause of Charles I. and was one of those royalists whose characters were never tainted, and which were revered even by their enemies. Cromwell offered to restore his immense estate to him; but he was a man of too nice honour to accept of that offer from one who, he thought, had no right to make it. He was a warm friend, and a placable enemy; and was never known to have any enemies himself, but those who were offended at his virtues. He had an admirable talent at speaking; and never failed to convince, as he spoke only on the side of truth and equity. His military exploits in Ireland in the late reign, and his wise government of that kingdom in the present, the hardships he suffered in bis exile, and his active loyalty to his banished sovereign, are amply recorded in his "Life" by Mr. Carte, in two volumes folio, Ob. 21 July, 1688, Æt, 78.
---A Biographical History of England. J. Granger, 1779.
Bill • Link
BUTLER, JAMES, twelfth EARL and first DUKE OF ORMONDE (1610-1688), son of Thomas, viscount Thurles (d.1619); grandson of Walter Butler, eleventh earl of Ormonde; styled Viscount Thurles, 1619; succeeded to the earldom, 1633; created marquis, 1642; created Earl of Brecknock in the English peerage, 1660; created Duke of Ormonde in the Irish peerage, 1661, and in the English peerage, 1682; placed by his mother under a catholic tutor at Finchley, 1619; made king's ward and brought up in the protestant religion at Lambeth under Archbishop Abbot; entrusted to Richard Preston, earl of Desmond, 1624-8; lived with his grandfather at Drury Lane, 1625-7, and at Carrickfergus, 1630; came to England, 1631; returned to Ireland, 1633; opposed Wentworth in the Irish parliament, but urged granting supplies to Charles I, 1634; raised troop of cuirassiers, 1638; supported Wentworth (now Earl of Strafford), 1640; assembled troops at Carrickfergus, July 1640; defended Strafford in the Irish parliament, 1641; commander against the Irish rebels, but kept inactive by the lords justices, 1641; defeated rebels, January-March 1642; quieted Connaught, 1642; again obstructed by the lords justices, 1642; commissioned by Charles I to ascertain the demands of the Irish rebels, 1643; defeated them at Ross, 18 March 1643; ordered in April to conclude truce; concluded truce for a year in September; sent five thousand troops into Cheshire, November 1643; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, January 1644; sent Irish troops into Scotland to help Montrose; opposed both by the catholic rebels and by the protestant parliamentarians, April 1644-April 1645; negotiated peace with the rebels; superseded in August 1646 by Glamorgan; arranged terms of peace between the king's forces and the catholic rebels, March 1646; asked parliament for help against the rebels, October-November 1646; induced by the rebels' rejection of his terms (February 1647) to approach parliament, with which he concluded peace, June 1647; conferred with Charles I at Hampton Court, August 1647; withdrew to Paris, 1648; royalist commander in Ireland, October 1648; concluded peace with rebels, January 1649; proclaimed Charles II; attacked Dublin; defeated at Rathmines, August 1649; his garrisons crushed by Cromwell, September-December 1649; left Ireland, December 1650; employed in personal attendance on Charles II or on embassies in his interest, 1651-9; royalist spy in England, January-March 1658; negotiated with Monck, 1659; ...
Bill • Link
... received back his estates, and also his grandfather's county palatine of Tipperary; appointed lord steward of the household, 1660; lord high steward at the coronation, 1661; restored the protestant episcopate in Ireland; appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 4 Nov. 1661; resided in Ireland, July 1662-June 1664; in London, July 1664-May 1665; again in Ireland, 1665-8; returned to London, 1668; dismissed from the lord-lieutenancy, March 1669; chancellor of Oxford University, 1669; his life attempted by Thomas Blood, 1669, at Buckingham's instigation; opposed attempts to repeal Act of Settlement, 1671-3; in Ireland on private affairs, July 1671-April 1675; recalled to London, 1675; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1677-82; at court in London, 1682; returned to Ireland, 1684; removed from the lord-lieutenancy, October 1684; proclaimed James II before he left Dublin, February 1685; lord high steward at James II's coronation; continued to be lord steward of the household; withdrew, as much as he could, from public life, 1685, broken by the deaths of his wife and children; resisted some of James II's arbitrary acts, 1687.
---Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. S. Lee, 1906.
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