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Advances in Mechanical Engineering
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 702590, 10 pages
Integrated Knowledge-Based System for Machine Design
1Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
2Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
Received 22 April 2013; Revised 6 August 2013; Accepted 16 August 2013
Academic Editor: Dongxing Cao
Copyright © 2013 Durmuş Karayel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
An integrated design system (IDS) approach has been developed to integrate various stages of the mechanical design process, including rapid prototyping. The system consist, of design, analysis, calculation, rapid prototyping, and library modules, and it blends artificial intelligence methods, CAD-CAM, and technical computing packages into a single environment. The system has been applied for the design of one-stage gearbox with helical gear. In this case study, all stages of the design process are carried out by using IDS.
1. Introduction
The design process of the mechanical products is tedious and time consuming because of the various stages and complex activities involved. On the other hand, there are strong pressures to reduce overall costs in a competitive market environment [1]. But, the traditional design approach is inadequate in meeting these needs. Today a lot of CAD/CAM/CAE application software, different databases, and web-based services are used for the mechanical design studies, but these technologies are distributed and there is no coordination between them. Therefore, a number of researchers have focused their studies on establishing a cooperative and integrated environment. Su and Wakelam studied an intelligent hybrid system for integration in design and manufacturing. Their approach blends a rule-based system, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithm, hypermedia, and CAD/CAE/CAM packages into a single environment [2]. Zhao et al. described an agent-based approach to systems interoperability in cooperative design systems [3]. Hao et al. developed an agent-based collaborative e-engineering environment for product design engineering. They studied a prototype software system based on the web and a software agent and demonstrated its viability through an industrial case study [4]. Myung and Han introduced the feature representation, a concept of design unit, parametric modeling, and configuration design methods, and they proposed a framework of a design expert system, which describes parametric modeling with design knowledge-based [5]. Ramamurti et al. put forward an integrated system that could be used by the user for the complete design and analysis of a mechanical system. The system consists of two parts, such as initial design and detailed analysis [6]. Zha and Du presented an integrated method and assembly planning. They applied the system as an integration model, and so, CAD/CAM applications in assembly were supported [7]. Chiang et al. proposed a general integrated framework of design knowledge representation and developed a knowledge-based intelligent system to facilitate dynamic design reasoning. Also, they presented a case study of designing a mechanical system to demonstrate the features of the developed system [8]. Chung et al. studied a framework for integrated mechanical design automation, and they developed extended variational design technology using graph theory and numerical solution techniques [9]. Liang and O'Grady studied the object-oriented approach. Their study contained both of the fundamentals of object-oriented design in the development of design process models [10]. Zha et al. proposed a knowledge-based approach and developed an expert design system to support top-down design for assembled products. The proposed approach focused on the integration of product design, assemblability analysis and evaluation, and design for assembly with economical analysis [11]. Chen et al. developed an intelligent approach for generating assembly drawings automatically from three-dimensional computer assembly models of mechanical products by simulating the experienced human designer's thinking mode with the aid of computer graphics and a knowledge-based expert system [12]. Daabub and Abdallah presented a computer based intelligent system so that the design for assembly can be realized within a concurrent engineering environment. They developed an expert system that supports new techniques for design and for assembly, and the developed system gave users the possibility to assess and reduce the total production cost at an early stage during the design process [13]. Wang et al. described a new framework for collaborative design. This framework adopts an agent-based approach and relocates designers, managers, systems, and the supporting agents in a unified knowledge representation scheme for product design [14]. Wang and Zhang aimed to develop a distributed and interactive system, on which designers and experts can work together to create, integrate, and run simulations for engineering design. Karayel et al. purposed an internet-based intelligent agent system for mechanical design [15]. The reference model and the architecture of the system were developed [16]. The current study can be accepted as a detailed part of this general research. Karayel et al. studied to determine factors affecting safety stress in the machine design by using artificial intelligence technologies [17]. Cao and Fu proposed and employed a design synthetic approach to guide the design process via behavioral reasoning and to obtain an iterative transforming process. They presented the functional representations and design parameters according to the design requirements of a product and established a behavioral matrix model by using the bond graph fundamental elements and then presented a knowledge modeling language for behavioral reasoning. They developed a prototype system for a computer-aided conceptual design and presented an application from the industry consequently [18]. Cao et al. presented an agent-based approach for guiding the mechanical product conceptual design. Firstly, they analyzed the mechanical product design requirements and then gave functional parameters and design variables and proposed a behavioral matrix model using bond graph fundamental elements. After, they established an agent-based framework and so aimed at solving the behavioral matrix model, producing functional means tree and multisolutions with the aid of agent technologies. An application for the special jig design in the machine center was presented as an example of the design synthesis [19]. Goel et al. analyzed CAD dimensions, such as cognitive design, collaborative design, conceptual design, and creative design. Then, they developed a knowledge-based CAD system illustrating CAD characteristics, and this system was called Design by Analogy to Nature Engine (DANE). They proposed that DANE is an important assistant to assess the practical use of CAD dimensions. One of the major contributions of DANE is to provide human interaction with knowledge-based CAD systems [20]. Chen et al. presented a multilevel model for an entirely assembly design. Their model captured abstract information, skeleton information, and detailed information, so that it can effectively support assembly design. This assembly design process contained design steps with an assembly tree structure. They discussed the use of assembly design model for extending the scope and deepness of its application [21]. Jia et al. proposed a novel multilevel system representation modeling framework for supporting design methods. Their framework had the capability to integrate the product design CAD models. Also, the data exchange and transfer in multidomain analyses were made possible by using the framework. The authors illustrated the framework with a case study. So, the applicability of the modeling framework was highlighted for multibody mechanical systems [22]. Li et al. discussed an integrated design method, which thoroughly considers related parameters of the various subsystems in order to optimize the overall system that mainly consists of optomechanical structure CAD, CAE, and the integrated information platform PDM. Their method was based on the model transformation and data share among different design and analysis steps, and so they carried out concurrent simulation and design optimization. Also, they presented an example of application of a mechanical structure [23]. Zheng et al. developed a novel collaborative design approach to improving efficiency. They designed and implemented a prototype system CoAutoCAD to test the approach and to demonstrate a variety of collaborative design activities [24]. Zhongtu et al. described a declarative modeling approach for task implementation and a methodology for problem-solving of knowledge primitives in design task. In the study, task analysis, knowledge management, and design object management module were developed and integrated with a mechanical computer-aided design (MCAD) system. The two-stage gearbox design was given as an example for this approach [25]. Al-Ashaab et al. developed a knowledge-based environment (KBE) to support product design validation of refresh projects, and they implemented KBE on the product lifecycle management platform. This implementation prevented repeating unnecessary and costly physical product tests, and so it also reduced time and costs for these refresh projects [26]. Chandrasegaran et al. aimed to review the product design process. They focused on a time frame of the last 20 years in general and the last decade more specifically, in order to balance the breadth and depth of the review, relaxing the time frame where it was necessary to look further in the past to establish relevance [27]. Rocca presented a broad technological review of knowledge-based engineering (KBE) in the attempt to fill the current information gap. In this study, the artificial intelligence roots of KBE are briefly discussed, and the main differences and similarities with respect to classical knowledge-based systems and modern general purpose CAD systems are highlighted. Finally he investigated evolution and trends of KBE systems and provided a list of recommendations and expectations for the KBE systems of the future [28]. Chen et al. aimed to develop a knowledge-based framework for the creative conceptual design of multidisciplinary systems through reusing and synthesizing known principle solutions in various disciplines together. The framework contained a formal constraints-based approach for representing the desired functions, a domain-independent approach for modeling functional knowledge of known principle solutions. The success of the system was explained with a design case study [29]. Lee et al. prepared a new and efficient collaborative intelligent computer aided design (CAD) framework in a theoretical study. Their study made an effort for minimizing redundant design stages and design bottlenecks using the design history, while a lot of collaborative CAD frameworks aimed at decreasing the waiting time for updating design among collaborative designers. Also, it generated an efficient reverse-engineered process, while resolving other existing collaborative design issues [30]. Wang et al. presented a new approach of parametric collaborative design based on the analysis of the many disadvantages in serial design for concurrent engineering and developed an overhead travelling crane's parametric collaborative design system for concurrent engineering. The feasibility, availability, and effectiveness of the system were validated by the results obtained from the case study [31]. Wang et al. presented the solution of collaborative simulation environment (CSE) and analyzed its function framework and system architecture. They researched multihierarchy engineering data management (EDM) and simulation flow control. Then, the flow model platform and web portal of some suspension systems CSE were developed in the paper. Finally, they proposed that the product simulation period was shortened and the design efficiency was increased [32]. Zhang et al. proposed an intelligent design system for complex mechanical product. The intelligent design system adopted product family case tree to construct the model of complex mechanical product and case-based reasoning technology to reuse successful product design knowledge. Product design system was constructed by using the engineering database technology. After that, they realized the intelligent crane design platform by Visual Basic.NET programming, and so, saw that the application example demonstrated the feasibility of the approach [33].
This study is part of a comprehensive project which has many subsystems. Here, the general framework of the project is described, and the integration of the subsystems is focused on. When all the processes about the project are completed, it can operate as an intelligent interactive system. In this study, the subsystems such as design, analysis, computation, and rapid prototyping are prepared, and each of them can fulfill its function now. It is an important prerogative of the study that the user can realize all the processes on a single platform. The users can utilize both subsystems individually and can utilize the whole system with little user intervention for now. On the other hand, the system has a suitable structure for users of all levels because all design and prototyping tools used in the system are chosen from practical applications. This case is a difference of the system too. At the same time, the system uses the current training materials; therefore, this study can be used for the training of machine design with small adaptations. This also is another distinctive feature of this study. This study provides an intermediary to integrated different engineering tools such as CAD/CAM packages, technical computing and analysis packages, and databases and knowledge bases. This study is organized as follows: at first, an introduction and literature review are presented. Section two gives a background about the engineering design process. Section three illustrates integrated design system (IDS). Section four presents an implementation of IDS, and section five describes the conclusions of the study and future works.
2. Background of the Engineering Design Process
Engineering design can be defined as the realization of a product which satisfies a certain need [17]. In other words, the first objective of any engineering design project is the fulfillment of some human need or desire. Engineering may be described as a judicious blend of science and art, in which natural resources, including energy sources, are transformed into useful products, structures, or machines that benefit humankind [34]. It is a good design if its product works efficiently and economically within the imposed constraints. The major constraints are cost, reliability, safety, level of performance, legal requirements, sociological considerations, pollution, and energy consumption. Also, engineering design is not a process consisting of only one phase. On the contrary, it is an iterative process involving a series of decision-making steps where each decision establishes the framework for the next one. It is a continuum effort which embodies stages such as preliminary design, intermediate design, detail design, and development. The engineering design process starts with product specification and goes through an interactive process of requirements analysis, conceptual design, detailed design, and design analysis, and it ends with a functional product that fulfills the product specification [9]. Each stage has submodules that are different from each other, and therefore a designer is not expected to be an expert on all stages. However, a successful designer either should be able to communicate effectively with various specialists in the different stages or should utilize an integrated system consisting of expert systems corresponding to design stages. The present study considers detail design and purposes to develop an integrated design system.
3. Integrated Design System (IDS)
The IDS is the detail design module of the model of integrated design system for mechanical design. The flow chart of the IDS is in Figure 1 and its input screen is in Figure 2. The IDS involves submodules such as calculation, analysis, modeling and drawing, rapid prototyping, and library as seen in Figure 3.
All modules are interactive with each other. The calculation module of the IDS is used for engineering calculation, such as dimensions of machine elements and the calculating of the design safety stress. The 3D modeling and 2D drawing of the products can be prepared by using the design module of the IDS. This module uses CAD/CAM software packages such as SolidWorks and Catia. The analysis module of the IDS can perform the numerical analysis of the mechanical system using finite element methods such as Abaqus and Ansys. The library module of the IDS consists of material database, standard tables and diagrams, systematic technical knowledge and firm catalogues and supports the other modules. The final product of the design process can be transformed into a real physical model by using rapid prototype module of the IDS.
Knowledge Representation and Data Transfer of Integrated Design System (IDS). Automatic data transfer between the units has been carried out using the software agents. In the study, software agents are programs that can perform specific design tasks for a user and possesses a degree of intelligence that permits it to perform parts of its task autonomously and to interact with its environment in a useful manner. There are software agents for each task, and so it can be possible to transfer the knowledge and to use it collectively. The communication and coordination between agents requires a standard knowledge protocol. For this reason, the knowledge exchange schemes and the knowledge forms have been prepared. The design knowledge is determined into specific codes. This knowledge is categorized into main articles and subarticles according to their themes. Also, the activities of knowledge exchange between agents have been categorized and have been prepared into certain formats, such as from who to whom, what is the purpose, and what is the answer. The knowledge protocol layers, which are used by agents of mechanical design, consist of definition, query, and result layers. This knowledge protocol is presented in Figure 14. It is very important that the design knowledge must be prepared into suitable documents so that they can be converted to digital signals easily because the knowledge stream is in digital form. Therefore, the documents which are the defining address of the knowledge and its position number have been prepared.
4. Implementation of the Integrated Design System
In this study, the design of one-stage gearbox with helical gear has been chosen as a design case study to illustrate and test the developed system. The aim of this section is to use the developed system for the complete design and analysis of the gearbox. The gearboxes are used to transmit power and to change speed, and these have an extensive application area such as materials handling, transportation, metallurgical, and chemical engineering. Also, the gearboxes contain the principal machine elements such as gears, shafts, bearings, bearing caps, bolts, and keys and represent a comprehensive mechanical system. Therefore, the gearbox has been selected for this case as an example. Figure 4 shows the layout of the gearbox.
The graphic user interface (GUI) has been prepared to allow the user to select the design stages (Figure 3). First, the dimensions of each element of the gearbox are calculated. Then, these are drawn according to the calculated dimensions. After, these elements are analyzed and the part dimensions are considered again in case of need. The assembly of the gearbox is realized finally. The last stage of the design process is prototyping the whole gearbox together with all the elements. The use of the IDS has been described in accordance with the elements of the gearbox, which is shown in Figure 4.
4.1. Gear Design
The design of the gear pair begins with the calculation of the gear dimensions, and so the calculation module has been selected from GUI, and then a new window is opened as seen in Figure 5.
The calculation module consists of the dimension and the design stress submodules. When the dimension module is selected from here, second new window containing the machine elements is open, as shown in Figure 6. Again, the gears are selected from this window and the input data of the gear pair are entered.
In the calculation of the gear mechanism, the pinion has been considered because it is forced more than the other gear. The corresponding gear can be selected accordingly [6]. The module of the gears () is calculated using the equations according to bending stress and contact stress as shown in the following.
The module according to bending stress: and the module according to contact stress:
The design of the gears is done in two steps: step 1 is to determine the module and step 2 is to calculate the geometrical dimensions and drawing. The module of the gears can be easily determined when the input data of the gear pair are entered and the standard module icon is clicked, as shown in Figure 5. The IDS calculates the module () by means of (1) and (2). The system accepts the maximum of two values obtained from equations as the module () and selects standard module. When the geometrical dimension and drawing icon is clicked, the new window is opened for entering geometrical data, as seen Figure 7.
GearTrax is a submodule of the SolidWorks software package and is used for the geometrical dimension and drawing of the gears. The designed gears are presented in Figure 8. The design of shafts, the bearings, and the keys is achieved in two stages, as the dimensional calculating and geometrical forming. The geometrical forming of these elements depends on each other, and so this process is postponed until the second stage.
4.2. Shaft Design
There are two shafts belonging to the pinion and the gear in the assembly of the gearbox. The design methods of these shafts are the same as each other. Therefore, one of these is described more in detail than the other. The diameter of the shaft can be automatically calculated using the dimension module of IDS. When the axles and shafts icon of this module is clicked, a new window is opened, as shown in Figure 9. In this window, if the input parameters of the shaft are written, the diameter of the shaft can be obtained. The shafts are forced by the combined torsion and bending load because these are required to transmit the torque, as well as withstanding the bending stresses due to the gear teeth loads and bearing reactions. The shafts are modeled as beam elements, and so their diameters are calculated. The diameter of the shaft () is given by where is combined moment and is safety stress. The combined moment consists of the bending moment and the twisting moment and it is given by
4.3. Bearing Design
The use of the radial ball bearing is suitable. The gearbox has two shafts as the input shaft and the output shaft, and four bearings are required for these shafts. Because the load is applied from the middle of the shaft, the bearings belonging to the same shaft are forced with the same loading value. Therefore, the bearings to be selected are two types for the input shaft and the output shaft. The bearings can be selected by using the axles and shaft icon of the dimension module of IDS, as seen in Figure 10.
When the bearing parameters are entered and the select icon is clicked, the calculation of the bearing is realized and the suitable bearing can be selected. For this process, the principal bearing equations used by the software of the IDS are as follows. For the deep grove ball bearing the equivalent dynamic load, is given by where , , , and are radial factor, thrust factor, radial force, and axial force, respectively.
The basic dynamic load rating is where is life of bearing. Finally, IDS selects the suitable bearing according to the diameter of the shaft and the dynamic load rating from the catalogue in the library module of the IDS.
4.4. Key Design
When power is supplied from the rotating shaft, it is necessary to attach gears to the shaft. To prevent relative rotation between the shaft and the gear, the connection between the gears' hub and the shaft must be secured [35]. Here, the parallel key is used to prevent relative rotation. Recommendations for key width and height, as a function of shaft diameter, are provided by standards, as shown in Figure 11. The key length () is obtained as a function of the transmitted torque. The key is forced by the shearing stress and the comprehensive bearing stress. Therefore, the calculation of the key length is based on these stresses. These processes about the key are realized by the dimension module of the IDS, as shown Figure 11.
4.5. Geometrical Forming and Assembly
The geometrical forming of the parts of the gearbox and their assembly are achieved by the design module of the IDS. This consists of two submodules such as SolidWorks and Catia for present, as seen in Figure 12.
SolidWorks is used for the current study, and the assembly of the gearbox into 3D is presented, as seen in Figure 13. Due to pages limitation of the paper, the analysis and rapid prototyping module of the IDS could not be discussed. However, the numerical analysis of the designed products can be carried out, and both the elements and the assembly of the gearbox can be produced as a prototyping by using ZPrinter 450 machine connected to the IDS.
5. Conclusion
This study is the first part of a comprehensive project which has many subsystems. Here, the general framework of the project is described and the integration of the subsystems is prepared. When all processes related to the project are completed, it can operate as an intelligent interactive system. In this study, the subsystems such as design, analysis, computation, and rapid prototyping are prepared, and each of them can fulfill its function now. It is an important prerogative of the study that the user can realize all the processes on a single platform. The users can utilize both subsystems individually and can utilize the whole system with little user intervention for now. On the other hand, the system has a suitable structure for users of all levels because all design and prototyping tools used in the system are chosen from practical applications. This case is a difference of the system too. At the same time, the system uses the current training materials; therefore, this study can used as a course tool for the training of machine design if the small adaptations are realized on the system. This also is another distinctive feature of this study. Also, all stages of the design of the gearbox have been achieved by using the IDS only, and so the IDS has been tested. It is expected that the IDS will be a favorable computer aided tool for industrial users because it reduces the design cost, design errors, and time to market. The next works about this subject will be focused on the intelligent features of the system.
: | Torsional moment, N·m |
: | Elasticity module, Pa |
: | Helix angle, radians. |
: | Impact factor |
: | Dynamic load factor |
: | Number of teeth of gear |
: | Dimension factor |
: | Engage ratio |
: | Form factor |
: | Gear ratio. |
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text: I was planning a trip to Yosemite and doing some backpacking. I realize this is outside of the CCW topic (as much as I wish I could carry there), but I wanted to find out if anyone has any experience backpacking, rock climbing, or some exploring within the park. Does anyone have any reccomendations?

subset: commoncrawl


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Can you auto adjust the Webi Chart Height based on amount of data shown?
Category Axis - Dimension called Request
Value Axis - measure called Views
when the requests displayed is about 10 or 15 on the category axis the chart looks good, but when the unique value of requests increases to lets say 50, the chart tries to cram them all in the same space instead of auto adjusting for a better view, Any way the height an be dynamic?
As per my knowledge we can do auto adjust..
As per my knowledge we can't do auto adjust..
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For LIHEAP, complete an application and answer YES on the Weatherization question. Contact the County Assistance Office at 717.240.2708. For the PPL Winter Relief Assistance Program (WRAP), call 1.888.232.6302 … Fetch This Document
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1-800-DIAL PPL Automated phone lines are open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. for LIHEAP this winter More help is available this winter for customers who may be struggling to pay their … Access Document
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Cozy up in this super soft, chunky knit sweater featuring a slight off-shoulder neckline and wide, boxy fit. Textured weaving to create a striped look.
*100% Cotton
*27"/69cm sleeve
*27"/69 length
*Model is wearing size small
*Measurements taken from size small
*Hand wash cold
Lais is a US size 2
Height: 5'9.5"
Bust: 32" / Waist: 24" / Hips: 34"
Astrological sign: Leo
Couldn't live without... My rosary
Dream job: To open a restaurant!
If you're not utterly obsessed with your recent purchase, it's now so easy to send it back! All US returns can be completed online using our fast, hassle-free system. Check out the links below for more details.


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Cryptome DVDs are offered by Cryptome. Donate $25 for two DVDs of the Cryptome 12-and-a-half-years collection of 47,000 files from June 1996 to January 2009 (~6.9 GB). Click Paypal or mail check/MO made out to John Young, 251 West 89th Street, New York, NY 10024. The collection includes all files of cryptome.org, cryptome.info, jya.com, cartome.org, eyeball-series.org and iraq-kill-maim.org, and 23,100 (updated) pages of counter-intelligence dossiers declassified by the US Army Information and Security Command, dating from 1945 to 1985.The DVDs will be sent anywhere worldwide without extra cost. |
2 June 2002
Source: Color maps and photos:
Mapquest.com; black and white
photos: TerraServer
USGS 15 May 1996
Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station, Cutler Maine
NCTAMS LANT DET, Cutler
East Machias, Maine :
http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sti/publications/pubs/tr/1681/tr1681.pdfVLF Cutler Hollow Core Cable Repair/Replacement, P. Hansen (unclassified)
Technical Report 1681, September 1994
The U.S. Navy operates several very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) transmitting sites around the world as part of the submarine broadcast system (SBS). The U.S. Navy VLF transmitting station at Cutler, ME is the "flagship" of the Navy's fixed very low frequency (FVLF) transmitting sites [see also Jim Creek Naval Radio Station] and has been operational since 4 January 1961. This station normally operates with a radiated power level of 1-million watts termed "full power" and at times as high as 1.8-million watts radiated, termed "maximum power." In order to radiate power levels of this magnitude in the VLF band, an enormous antenna system is required. The Cutler VLF consists of two separate arrays (north and south), each consisting of 13 towers. Every array has a center or zero tower call NO (for the north array) nd SO (for the south array), whcih are 997.5 ft tall. Each array has six middle towers 875.0 ft tall, which are located with equal spacing on a cricle of radius 1825 ft centered on the zero tower. Each array also has six outer towers 799.0 ft tall, also equally spaced on a circle of radius 3070 ft centered on the zero tower. A plan view of this antenna is given in figure 1. Every array is over 1 mile across and, together, they cover almost the entire peninsula. This antenna system is one of the largest in the world.
See also: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/cutler.htm
Source: http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/othrdata/chekbird/r5/statmap.gif |


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Most Recent Articles In Fashion Scoops
Latest Fashion Scoops Articles
- Giorgio Armani on Madonna's Tumble
- Liberty Unveils In-House, Trans-Seasonal Collection
- David Thomas to Release Visual Career Retrospective
More Articles By
NEW BAG: Prada is celebrating the world's top fashion weeks — New York, London, Milan and Paris — by launching a limited edition bag. Miuccia Prada revisited the brand's iconic, seasonal "Doctor Bag" style, which appeared on the fall/winter runway in polished calfskin, creating an exclusive thick wool version with a black, white and orange geometric pattern. The limited edition bag will hit the fashion capitals' flagship stores the week of their shows.


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School officials, police gear up for back-to-school traffic
Friday, August 23, 2013 - 7:40am
Hallsville — Schools across the state are tuning up their buses to begin transporting students Monday. At the same time, schools and law enforcement officials issued warning to motorists to be on the lookout for children and school buses.
Members of Hallsville ISD's bus maintenance crew said Thursday they are shocked every year by the number of drivers who ignore the laws regarding school buses.
Read more at www.news-journal.com
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Are there any special requirements i
need if I bring my own laptop to Campus?
The laptop
you bring should be able to run standard software
(Office, IE, FireFox, and Blackboard). To insure your
laptop will run the standard software please
visit the following link
for minimum hardware requirements:
Your laptop
should boot up without errors and should be functioning
What if I do not own or have access to a
If you do not
own or have access to a laptop you can purchase one
through ISU's preferred vendor Lenovo. To review and
purchase a Lenovo laptop visit
http://lenovo.com/sycamores and click the "Your Laptops" button
on the lower left half of the web page. You will see
laptop options to choose from.
If you chose
to purchase from another vendor it should meet the
minimum hardware requirements at
After arriving on campus you will be installing the following on your Laptop:
ISU Wireless WPA setup Script
– The Script is available on the ISU downloads page at
http://downloads.indstate.edu. If you wish to manually setup the
ISU-OIT-WPA Wireless Connection you can get instructions
at the following link
Microsoft Office 2013 – You can get the MS Office 2013 installer by accessing the ISU downloads page at http://downloads.indstate.edu, once you have navigated to the page you must login with your ISU Portal ID to download the MS office 2013 installer. Note: If you have an existing versions of office installed on your laptop they must be uninstalled prior to installing Microsoft Office 2013.
Pharos Wireless Printing Software
– You can access the Pharos installer by accessing the
ISU downloads page at
http://downloads.indstate.edu, once you have navigated to the page
you must login with your ISU Portal ID to download the
What if I have trouble installing the
software or connecting to the ISU Wireless Network once I arrive on
Technical staff will be on site to assist you once you
arrive on campus.
Call the ISU Help Desk at 812-237-2910 for assistance. If you are still having issues, these will be resolved when students come to LEAP.


text:
COMMENTARY: Cincinnati hands over lunch money to NFL bullies
Expert: Enforcing blackout like kick in the teeth
Nobody likes a bully. So, why do we love the NFL so much?
To continue reading: Subscribe Now or Sign In
Log in or Subscribe now so you can share your opinion! It's only a penny for a month trial.


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A GLANCE at Mongolia's agricultural-output tables provides a vivid sense of what a difficult place it can be for vegetarians. Three kinds of meat top the chart—mutton, beef and goat. Potatoes make a decent showing, above camel meat but below horse meat. Carrots, cabbage and onions all feature, but only as statistical afterthoughts. The title of a discussion thread on one internet forum summed it up aptly: "Mongolia: the least vegan place in the world?"
But change is afoot. Though the capital, Ulaanbaatar, does not yet rival hipster cities in Europe or America as a vegetarian mecca, a meatless movement is beginning to stir. On his first visit, in 2005, your (vegetarian) correspondent could find a decent feed only at a mediocre Indian curry house. Today there are dozens of vegetarian restaurants to choose from.
Though Mongolia is predominantly Buddhist, its brand of the creed—like Tibet's—does not proscribe meat. The country's population of about 3m is outnumbered by livestock by roughly 12 to one. Nomadic herding has long been at the core of Mongolia's culture and economy, with meat and dairy products the mainstay of the national diet. Most of the vegetables consumed in Mongolia are imported from China.
In restaurants a request for meatless fare still generally causes quizzical bemusement. But not at Loving Hut, a worldwide vegan chain with several outlets in Ulaanbaatar. The patrons are mostly local, young and English-speaking, though not all are vegetarians.
The nascent trend for eschewing meat is part of Mongolia's broader shift towards a more urbanised, international society. Last month the UB Post, a Mongolian newspaper, estimated there were 2,500 vegans in the country. Vegetarians may number above 30,000, according to other reports. Professor Oyuntsetseg of the Mongolian University of Science and Technology told the UB Post that strokes and cancers of the stomach and liver are leading causes of death among Mongolians, and that a vegetarian diet would help reduce the risk.
Nevertheless, the brave diners at Loving Hut are bucking strong cultural currents with their choice of food. It may be some time before tofu and alfalfa sprouts rival mutton and beef on those agricultural-output tables.


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Edinson Volquez has struck out 13 batters and allowed two runs over his last two starts.
Golfer Phil Mickelson says he''s interested in buying the San Diego Padres.
A San Diego Padres fan got more than he bargained for when he purchased an over-priced beer.
In Thursday''s Opening Day nightcap, San Diego Padres ace Edinson Volquez duels with Los Angeles Dodgers ace Clayton Kershaw.
The Padres hope San Diego native Carlos Quentin improves an offense that hit an MLB-low 91 homers in 2011.
Heath Bell saved 134 games in five seasons for the Padres.
Padres'' Heath Bell has 35 saves and a 2.55 ERA in 53 innings this year.
Ryan Ludwick was hitting .238 with 11 home runs with the Padres before being traded.
Mike Adams has gone 3-1 with a 1.13 ERA over 48 relief appearances.
Cleveland Indians shortstop Adam Everett (8) flips over San Diego Padres runner Aaron Cunningham after a force out at second base in the fifth inning of their spring training game in Goodyear, Ariz. The Indians failed to turn the double play, and the Padres scored four runs in the inning en route to winning 9-2.
Manny Ramirez, left, walks with agent Scott Boras, second from right, to Petco Park prior to the Dodgers' game against the Padres.
It was his first game back since being suspended for testing positive for a banned substance on May 7.
Hall of Famer Willie Mays tosses balls to the crowd before the Giants' 50th home opener in San Francisco. Padres pitcher Greg Maddux ruined the festivities by retiring 19 of the final 20 batters he faced in San Diego's 8-4 victory.
Padres third baseman Kevin Kouzmanoff goes airborne after being run into by the Dodgers' John Lindsey during their exhibition game in Beijing. The two sides tied 3-3 in the first major league game to be played in China.


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Jackie Chan as "Mr. Han" and Jaden Smith as "Dre Parker in a scene from the motion picture "The Karate Kid." Photo by Jasin Boland, Columbia Pictures [Via MerlinFTP Drop]
Plot: Twelve-year-old Dre (Jaden Smith) moves to China from Detroit and is bullied by schoolmates. A quiet maintenance man, Mr. Han (Jackie Chan), happens to be a retired kung fu master and becomes Dre's mentor. 2 hours, 20 minutes; PG for bullying, martial-arts action violence and some mild language. Upside: Smith proves to be a natural actor, and Chan shows his range as the melancholy Han. Downside: The film is too long. The fighting among adolescents is sometimes hard to watch.
Jackie Chan displays his new academic wardrobe after receiving an honorary professorship from the Savannah College of Art and Design Wednesday in Hong Kong,
The college honors Chan's contributions to art and culture.
Jackie Chan demonstrates his Segway handling skills during a security conference Wednesday in his native Hong Kong.
The actor, who owns a dealership in China, says Segway won't let him assemble the scooters there due to piracy worries, which has resulted in increased costs.
He says he bought the dealership to help bring the environmentally friendly transportation method to China.
Jackie Chan, center, stages a martial arts demonstration with Liu Fengchao, left, and Wang Wenje before the screening of Le Silence de Lorna.
Action star Jackie Chan checks out the kung-fu kicking skills of Naomi Ho, 5, a former leukemia patient at National University Hospital Wednesday in Singapore.


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More Info
On December 1st we revealed to you the core details regarding the new Warhawk: Omega Dawn expansion pack. We told you to stay tuned for more information as well; in which we will now gladly provide to you.
The Omega Dawn expansion will be available for worldwide release December 20th, right before Christmas. Additionally, the 1.2 game patch will be available to download for free on December 19th. The 1.2 patch includes an array of items such as:
-- 5 New layouts.
-- Clan game server option.
-- Buddy slot reservations.
-- Integrated Warhawk Store.
-- Updated CTF capture/return behavior.
-- Internal stat padder protection.
-- Booster Pack status display at join game list.
-- DualShock3 integration.
-- Separate SIXAXIS motion control on/off per mode (ground, hover, flight).
-- Detailed Player Score display at end of game fixed.
-- Added new server type filters (player, ranked, dedicated, clan, Official Warhawk, etc).
-- Added new server full/open filter.
-- Fall damage exploit fixed.
-- Dismount into walls exploit fixed.
-- Invisible Tank, Turret & Warhawk exploit fixed.
-- Auto-kick of idle players.
-- Add to Favorites button added to end game screen.
-- Increased VOIP volume when not using headset.
Finally SCEA gives light that they are currently in the development stages for patch update 1.3. They did not go into detail about what it will feature, but as one of the game designers said, "it includes some new game stuff...not just fixes. Here's a hint...its not new free layouts like we are releasing with v1.2. It has to do with troops. What could it be?"
PSU will be one of the first to give you the details on 1.3 so make sure to continuously drop by.


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Will Steve Austin Be In New Orleans For WM XXX?, Tonight's WWE SmackDown Matches
- Steve Austin noted on his latest podcast that he will be in New Orleans for the 2014 WWE Hall of Fame ceremony.
- WWE taped the following matches for tonight's SmackDown:
* Seth Rollins and Dean Ambrose vs. Jinder Mahal and Drew McIntyre
* Sin Cara vs. Damien Sandow
* Fandango vs. Goldust
* Sheamus vs. Batista
* Jimmy Uso vs. Jack Swagger
* The Bella Twins vs. AJ Lee and Tamina Snuka
* Big Show vs. Bray Wyatt
Got a news tip or correction? Send it to us by clicking here.
Short URL: http://winc.cc/I5kaHl
WrestlingInc.com is the largest independently owned wrestling website in the world (Source: Alexa).
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text: Yes, you read the title right, I'm posting my first attempt at an instructional cooking video. Woo hoo! I actually wouldn't call it an official cooking video because I make a few mistakes in the video, and my head totally gets cut off in places, but as I said, it's my first attempt, and making videos is not really my forte. I almost didn't post the video because it's not a perfect and I'm kind of embarrassed by the way I look and sound on camera. I mean come on, everyone hates seeing themselves on video, right? You see yourself and think, wow, that's really how I look to people, but then you realize that your friends and loved ones love you just the way you are, so it's not so bad, right? There's a point when you just have to get over yourself, put yourself out there and let it be, and that's what I'm doing today.


text:
Share your Photos, Videos, and Stories on uShare! Click here to get started.
Added November 27, 2012 9:43 PM
Category: Crime, General
Dozens participated in a "Zumba-thon" today to raise money for Ashley Johnson, a Brandon first-grader diagnosed with Leukemia.
-337 Minutes Ago
This sign was made by students at the Career and Technical Education Academy - good work, guys! Take a look inside the school's 5th annual Weld-Off competition tonight on #KELONews at 6.
-212 Minutes Ago
You can watch the legendary Leonard Nimoy in his iconic role as Dr. Spock on our CBS Webplayer, where there are several episodes of the original Star Trek for you to watch. You can find the episodes under "Classics." http://www.keloland.com/custompages/cbsplayer/
-85 Minutes Ago


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The Robocom Library is your one-stop shop for our White Papers and Case Studies. Download and review the materials below to gain an understanding of how you can achieve results using Robocom products and services.
White Paper: Building A WMS ROI
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text:
Credible commitment and congestion pricing
- Michael Manville,
- David King
- … show all 2 hide
Rent the article at a discount
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Get AccessAbstract
Transportation analysts frequently assert that congestion pricing's political obstacles can be overcome through astute use of the toll revenue pricing generates. Such "revenue recycling," however, implies that the collectors of the toll revenue will not be its final recipients, meaning that any revenue recipient must believe that the revenue collector will honor promises to deliver the money. This raises the potential for credible commitment problems. Promises to spend revenue can solve one political problem, because revenue is an easy benefit to understand, but create another one, because revenue is easy to divert. Revenue recycling may therefore not be a promising way to build political support for congestion pricing. We highlight the role commitment problems have played efforts to implement congestion pricing, using examples from around the world and then focusing on California. Because congestion reduction is a more certain benefit than any particular use of the toll revenue, demonstration projects, rather than revenue promises, will be key to pricing's political success.
- Abendschein, D.: MTA Delays Action on Gold Line Extension. Pasadena Star-News. June 26 (2008)
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- Barbour, E.: State-Local Fiscal Conflicts in California: From Proposition 13 to Proposition 1A. Public Policy Institute of California (2007). https://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/op/OP_1207EBOP.pdf
- Borins, S.: Electronic road pricing: an idea whose time may never come. Trans. Res. A. 22(1), 37–44 (1988)
- Brendel, P. Texas Rep. Pritchett Files Two Plans to Reduce Highway Fund Diversions. American Independent. January 21 (2011)
- Brown, J.: Reconsider the gas Tax: pay for What you Get. Access. 19(fall), 10–15 (2001)
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- CRA v. Genest. Superior Court of California. Sacramento County. Case Number: 34-2009-80000359
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- Phaneuf, K.: Despite Windfall, Transportation Lags. Connecticut Mirror. August 3 (2008)
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- Reitmeyer, J.: NJ Senate Approves Bill to Roll Back Toll Increases. NorthJersey.com. February 17 (2011)
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- Slovic, P.: Perceived risk, trust and democracy. Risk Anal. 13(6), 675–682 (1993) CrossRef
- Small, K.A.: Using the revenues from congestion pricing. Transportation 19(4), 359–381 (1992) CrossRef
- Small, K.A., Chue, X.: Hypercongestion. J. Transit. Econ. Policy 37(3), 319–352 (2003)
- Stimson, J.A., Michael, B.M., Robert, S.E.: Dynamic representation. Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev. 89, 543–565 (1995)
- Taylor, B., Kim, E., Gabhauer, J.: The thin red line: a case study of political influence on transportation planning practice. J. Plan. Educ. Res. 29, 173–193 (2009) CrossRef
- Transport for Greater Manchester. 2008. Greater Manchester TIF Package Unlocks up to 3BN in Investment. June 9
- Transportation for Illinois. 2006. Rough Roads Ahead
- Vickrey, W.: My innovative failures in economics. Atl. Econ. J. 21(1), 1–9 (1993) CrossRef
- Viegas, J.M.: Making congestion pricing acceptable and effective. Transp. Policy 8(4), 289–294 (2001) CrossRef
- Waldie, DJ.: California's Fiscal Crisis is About to Hit Home. Los Angeles Times. May 14 (2009)
- Weingast, B.: The economic role of political institutions: market-preserving federalism and economic development. J Law Econ. Org. 11(1), 1–30 (1995)
- Weingast, B.R., Marshall, W.J.: The industrial organization of Congress; or, Why legislatures, like firms, are not organized as markets. J Political Econ. 96(Feb), 132–168 (1988)
- Williamson, O.E.: Credible commitments: using hostages to support exchange. Am. Econ. Rev. 73(4), 519–540 (1983)
- Williamson, O.E.: Calculativeness, trust and economic organization. J. Law Econ. 36(April), 453–486 (1993) CrossRef
- Williamson, O.E.: Public and private bureaucracies: a transaction cost economics perspectives. J. Law Econ. Organ. 15(1), 306–342 (1999) CrossRef
- Winslott-Hiselius, L., Brundell-Freij, K., et al.: The development of public attitudes towards the Stockholm congestion trial. Trans. Res. Part A: Policy Pract. 43(3), 269–282 (2009) CrossRef
- Title
- Credible commitment and congestion pricing
- Journal
Volume 40, Issue 2 , pp 229-249
- Cover Date
- 2013-02-01
- 10.1007/s11116-012-9430-9
- Print ISSN
- 0049-4488
- Online ISSN
- 1572-9435
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Congestion pricing
- Revenue recycling
- Credible commitment
- Stockholm
- Political acceptability
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Michael Manville (1)
- David King (2)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- 2. Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA


text: At the conclusion of his stint as commander of the International Space Station, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield signs off with a slick and fitting send-off prior to taking the somewhat hazardous return trip in the Soyuz capsule. Hadfield made a point in this tour of bringing the ISS mission to folks on the ground through link-ups and sing-a-longs with schools, video and photo presentations, and the general esprit de corps that says science, even space science, doesn't have be all technical and devoid of humanity. The video is, of course, a slightly updated(!) cover of David Bowie's well-known Space Oddity.


text:
MAC • Paint Pot in Blackground • Eye Shadow
(115 reviews)
Average Rating. | 4.3 |
Would buy this product again. | 83% |
Ingredients |
MakeupJunkie214 on 11/21/2010 11:43:00 PM more reviews by MakeupJunkie214
Age: 30-35 Skin: Combination Hair: Blond Eyes: Green
Great for sexy, sultry, smokey eyes...Also fantastic liner for the inside lower rim (water line)...kind of a steel-black....LOVE IT.
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*TOP REVIEWER* ns4487 on 10/17/2010 6:01:00 AM more reviews by ns4487
Age: 19-24 Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Medium Eyes: Brown
LOVE this. I have 5 of these paint pots, and love all of them. This one looks scary in the pot, but you can layer it as a sheer or very dark base, depending on the effect desired. I use this instead of painterly if I want my eyeshadow colours to have more of a dark tinge to them when layered on top. Love these paint pots, they are HG for me, and I dont know how I lived without them before! Highly recommended. Plus, the pot is a generous size, so will last forever
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TheAphroditeBeauty on 10/14/2010 12:08:00 AM more reviews by TheAphroditeBeauty
Age: 30-35 Skin: Sensitive, Fair Hair: Brunette Eyes: Brown
I LOVE this base. It says eyeshadow in the listing, but it's NOT a shadow. It is a base, much like a primer but different. The cool thing about paint pots, if you're not familiar with them is they provide a super solid, long lasting "finish" that is the foundation to your shadow look.
So I got Blackground. I tend to wear super dark colors and bright pigments and I wanted to try it out for something unique and different. I wanted to experiment with it a bit and I'm so glad I do.
The super awesome thing with this paint pot in particular is you can put your neutrals and colored pigments and shadows over this black base it is gives you a look so gorgeous and all your own. I don't recommend it for those who aren't daring with their makeup or like to stand out. With this base you WILL standout, the look is sultry and super sexy. The formula blends super easy and it's very long lasting. You will need makeup remover to get this off your lids gently, otherwise you are going to be scrubbing your skin raw to get it off. My favorite make up remover is Urban Decays, it smells amazing and is virtually oil free.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
*TOP REVIEWER* kjmsmm on 8/8/2010 3:41:00 PM more reviews by kjmsmm
Age: 25-29 Skin: Acne-prone, Fair-Medium, Neutral Hair: Blond, Straight, Fine Eyes: Blue
While I LOVE paint pots - I don't love this one. It is too harsh to use as an eyeshadow base and the blend-ability isn't like other paint pots I've used. I will not be re-purchasing this one.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
misodisko on 8/8/2010 3:35:00 PM more reviews by misodisko
Age: 19-24 Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm Hair: Black, Straight, Medium Eyes: Brown
LOVE paint pots. I have Bare Study, Rubenesque, Constuctivist, Blackground, and Delft. I use Bare Study, Rubenesque and Constructivist everyday, just by themselves. Blackground and Delft make really awesome smokey looks. I would definitely repurchase all the colors I own, and others as well. I feel that these wear by themselves and under shadows best of all the cream shadows I've tried (Benefit Creaseless Cream Shadow, Lancome Color Dose, Clarins Soft Touch Eye Color).
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*TOP REVIEWER* syeung2 on 7/8/2010 5:34:00 PM more reviews by syeung2
Age: 36-43 Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Warm Hair: Black, Straight, Fine Eyes: Brown
Product - "Black-grey with multi-colour pearl" is dead on. Blackground is not quite black, but a rich dark charcoal/graphite grey. Great base for a smoky eye. Great as a dark eyeliner too when black would just be a little too harsh. The color softens and lightens up a little when smudged out. Soft, smooth, creamy texture. Definitely budgeproof, even on my oily lids. (NOTE: Some of the pics that have been posted for this review seem too silvery or light compared to the actual product in real life. The MAC swatch is spot on.)
Comparisons - Swatched next to BB Graphite Shimmer Ink, Graphite at first goes on with a more pronounced metallic finish - but after I smudge each they both have an iridescent multicolor shimmer finish and are completely indistinguishable; Graphite has a slightly thicker texture. Probably don't need both this and BB Graphite Shimmer Ink; between the two I'd keep Blackground, since I like to do a smoky eye often and Paint Pots are generally a little easier to work with as a base.
Packaging - Round glass jar with domed black lid, like Fluidlines jars but wider.
Overall - Great line of cream shadow - versatile as liner and eyeshadow base. Love this shade when I want something dark but black might be too harsh.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
*TOP REVIEWER* botitas1977 on 6/1/2010 10:16:00 PM more reviews by botitas1977
Age: 19-24 Skin: Combination, Olive, Warm Hair: Brown, Wavy, Coarse Eyes: Brown
I purchased this because a reviewer said it was really great to darken eyeshadows. I am a fan of smokey eyes and dark shadows. However, the first time I tried this I was not able to get to the whole putting e/s over it and decided that it looks pretty enough alone. Its a shimmer dark dark grey. Im sure its called blackground because its a good base for dark shadows. Will buy again.
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*TOP REVIEWER* Hothead on 5/16/2010 7:02:00 PM more reviews by Hothead
Age: 44-55 Skin: Normal, Fair, Warm Hair: Brown, Straight, Medium Eyes: Hazel
A must have for smokey eyes or deep contours -- this is one of MAC's best paint pots for darkening any color also.. say if you want a deep blue and only have a mid tone, use this black as a base and you will darken it.
use it under a mid brown, and you get a dark deep brown.
love it and will continue to repurchase.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
heyimcortney on 5/16/2010 5:59:00 PM more reviews by heyimcortney
Age: 19-24 Skin: Dry, Fair Hair: Blond Eyes: Blue
Don't be intimidated by this color! When applied lightly, it comes out grayish. Apply more, and you get more of a black color. Definitel would only use this for nighttime or some kind of photoshoot with dramatic eyes. I love smoky dark eyes a la Eva Green in casino royale and this is perfect. Also doesn't crease and lasts for hours!
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*TOP REVIEWER* riyeu on 4/9/2010 10:26:00 AM more reviews by riyeu
Age: 25-29 Skin: Combination, Fair, Neutral Hair: Brown, Straight, Medium Eyes: Black
I absolutely love paint pots. They are the best cream eyeshadows I've come across so far. They work very well with synthetic brushes and can apply precisely and pigmentedly.
The consistency is not slippery like Benefit's creaseless creams. They are somewhat on' the dry side but I like it that way because it's more pigmented.
Blackground is an amazing color to use for smokey eyes. It can go from black to grey using a synthetic brush. It is a black with subtle shimmer.
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text:
"Learning and making memories . . . "
WonderLab is close to everything you want to do in Bloomington! The museum is located downtown on the B-Line Trail in the heart of the Bloomington Entertainment and Arts District (BEAD). The museum is just a short walk to Indiana University, the Bloomington Convention Center, and downtown hotels, shops, restaurants, galleries, and other attractions. We welcome visitors of all ages and abilities.
WonderLab is pleased to receive this award for the second year in a row. WonderLab is ranked by reviewers #2 of all Bloomington attractions.
Please share your posts, tweets and photos of your visit to WonderLab with this special hashtag!


text:
Offences: Miscellaneous > returning from transportation; Theft > grand larceny
Verdicts: Guilty
Punishments: Death
Corrections: Add a correction
Actions: Cite this text
George Baker , alias James Graves , was indicted for returning from Transportation, before the Expiration of Seven Years .
He was a second time indicted for feloniously stealing three Beds, 2 Blankets, three Pillows, and other Things , the Goods of Thomas Watson , on the 20th of November last. Of both which Indictments he was found Guilty . Death .


text:
Robert Bowen
The Ultimate InDesign Toolbox
Having recently published the Illustrator toolbox, we thought we would continue down the print design path and follow up with our next toolbox in this same arena. Welcome to the Ultimate InDesign Toolbox for all of those designers and graphic artists who use this valuable tool for all of their print media needs. This expansive addition to the Adobe Creative Suite family is often overlooked by many in the community, opting instead to use Illustrator alone in their forays into the print side of the game.
Read moreInspired by the Dark Side of the Force: Darth Vader Variations
For over thirty years one iconic villain has reigned in the dark corners of so many hearts mdash; and not just of those who proudly parade beneath the banner of sci-fi junkies. Darth Vader has transcended the page and screen to live on in ways most characters will never achieve; but then again, most characters do not have command over the power of the force like the dark Sith Lord does. So when you are looking for a dose of inspiration from the darker areas of the imagination, turning to the artwork inspired by the face of the dark side is a fantastic way to go.
Read moreThe Fantasy Artwork of Magic
In the early 90's, the gaming landscape was forever altered by a revolutionary new card game that hit the community and has been making noticeable waves ever since. With millions of players across the globe, this fantasy role-playing game has inspired so many with the often breathtaking artwork that comprises its gameplay library.
Read moreThe Ultimate Illustrator Toolbox
In case you have missed them, recently we have been going through the Adobe Creative Suite and putting together posts that would assist our readers in creating their own personal toolbox of resources. We hope we have managed to help you get a handle on the various programs and get the most out of them through hundreds of helpful add-ons.
Read moreGuidelines for Effective E-mail Management
Many of our readers are constantly talking about the burden that weighs on their days stemming from an overflowing inbox. Day in and day out they are receiving such a high volume of e-mails that this communication tool becomes too cumbersome to remain effective, and instead begins to border on frustrating. As this mass of mail becomes unmanaged, we are potentially falling behind on our workload.
Read moreThe Ultimate Adobe Fireworks Toolbox
Today we are here to help with the whole getting to know Adobe Fireworks a bit, as we dive deep into the internet to find the most useful sites, resources, tutorials and more to expand your Fireworks knowledge base and skillsets, and we deliver them all right into your readers.
Read moreWhat is the worst mistake you see other designers make all the time?
We recently published a post was aimed at learning from the mistakes of others, and we turned to our friends and followers online and asked them to come clean about the biggest mistake they had made so far in their careers. You might have seen it, What is the Worst Design or Programming Mistake You've Ever Made?, was received quite well, and not only did we get some great responses initially from which to build the post, but we have got some more revealing replies from our readers. Now we are at it once again, trying to help out the community, one bad experience at a time, with a little more help from our friends, of course.
Read moreHow To Use Typography Effectively in Web Design
Typography is everywhere across the Web, so many different applications and missions all relying on their chosen fonts to cleanly and legibly convey the bulk of our web-based projects over to our readers. However, from time to time, we notice a wrench thrown into the works, gumming things up and interfering with our message transfers. This is something that as designers and developers for the web, that we have undoubtedly experienced, and something that today, we are here with some tips to hopefully prevent from happening again.
Read moreThe Ultimate Photoshop Toolbox
For years now, whenever designers have been asked about their go-to program for image editing and creation, one of the top answers that comes back, is Adobe Photoshop. Its generations of evolution has centered around the growth of any number of digital imaging professionals and has made this software giant a staple in the graphic design community. Since so many of us find this tool in our design arsenals, we thought we would put together a post that would have you get the most out of this dynamic imaging program.
Read moreThe Perfect Brainstorm: A How To
Given our fields of interest and chosen professions, most of us have at least once in our lives had to brainstorm for one reason or another. But for those of us who apply this mental tool in our creative pursuits much more regularly, learning to do so effectively is crucial.
Read more


text: On Thursday 18 January 2001 19:57, you wrote: > I committed a suggestion for better error handling. > > There is a new subroutine called send_error() which would be used for > constructing error type messages that would be sent to a frontend. It > returns input from the user and based on that input we do certain things in > tag handlers like retrying, continuing, ignoring an error etc. I left > opening a shell to be handled by a frontend. Also, send_error() should > really return a new message sent from the frontend and not just user input, > but we'll leave that for later phases when we start developing messaging > system. > > > The example for all this is in tag_mkdir() subroutine, chdir() part of it > (read the comments too). So to test it, you can use something like: > > <mkdir dir="/non/existing/dir">dir1 dir2</mkdir> > > The reason for approach like this is because I think we should allow > _different_ error handling for each tag handler. > Using error(), like we do now, is not very flexible IMHO, because some > handlers should not, for example, allow ignoring an error, for others > opening a shell to fix a problem could not help etc. > Also, with the current error handling we can not, for example, easily > "retry" the action that failed. > > Anyway, this is only a suggestion, and I would like to know what you think > about it and should I continue adding this for other subs and handlers or > should I remove it. Hmmm, I really like the way you have implemented the send_error information. But. Thinking about it, and say all the other print messages that are in the subroutines now, how about instead of send_error() we have send_message() with some sort of different ways to make up messages? Like error ones, response ones, general info ones, etc.? That way we really define these types of messages in XML and not through different subroutines? Bryan > BTW, the downside of it is that the tag handlers would become a bit larger. > tag_mkdir(), for example, would have 3 checks: for chdir(), for actual > mkdir() and finally for chmod(). > But if we split ... well, read my second email. :) > > Neven


text:
What's New
- Defense attack- Boss characters
- In-game tutoria
- Improved Al
- New icon
- Minor bug fixes
App Description
★ FreeAppReport.com Featured App ★★ ZMVW IS FREE FOR A LIMITED TIME! ★
For thousands of years, the monsters of Transylvania have lived together killing humans in harmony. Sadly, all good things must come to an end and they are now at war with each other.
NEW in 1.2:
- Boss characters with wild powers!
- Defend your buildings with a powerful attack (tap and hold building)!
Check out the trailer here... if you DARE!
In this action-packed strategy game for iOS, it's your job to take control of Zombies, Mummies, Vampires, or Werewolves and prove who is the greatest monster race of them all!
* Take the role of one of four undead races
* Protect your buildings while capturing the buildings of humans and the other monsters
* Four unique monster races
* Forty levels spanned over four campaigns
* Game Center Achievements
* Aaaaarrrgh!!!
App Changes
October 27, 2011 Price Decrease: $0.99 -> FREE!
May 26, 2011 New version 1.2
March 25, 2011 Initial Release


text:
We have numerous building plots available in Crowle, North Lincolnshire. Our choice of plots start from £90000. They are set in a small rural market town called Crowle set in North Lincolnshire. All plots available have already got planning permission and services.
Crowle has a train station in the ajoining village of Ealand, it has a bus service running through it and has a motorway link (M180) only 3 miles away.
The market town of Crowle, has numerous shops, pubs and amenities which make it the ideal place to live.
For all enquiries and viewings please contact Chris on 07990927576.
We look forward to hearing from you.


text:
- Home
- Consumer Products
- Compact Digital Camera
- Cyber-shot™ Digital Camera
- Digital Still Camera
Explore the range of Cyber-shot™ cameras
W Series
Wide angle shooting with excellent image quality at a great value.
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R Series
Professional DSLR quality features in a compact sized camera.
From $999.95
Model Selector
Choosing the perfect Cyber-shot is easy. Find the ideal model searching by feature using this product selector.


text:
I Stand Here Ironing Poverty Quotes
How we cite our quotes:
Quote #1
[...] I worked or looked for work and for Emily's father, who "could no longer endure" (he wrote in his good-bye note) "sharing want with us." (8)
When Emily's father leaves, the narrator is placed in the difficult position of a single working mother.
Quote #2
I was nineteen. It was the pre-relief, pre-WPA world of the depression. (9)
This quote helps set up the historical context for the story. It opens during the Great Depression, before President Franklin D. Roosevelt had set up work-relief institutions, like the Works Progress Administration (WPA). From this quote we know that times were tough for everyone, but probably more so for a single mother, since not many women were in the workforce in the 1930s.
Quote #3
But it came to where I had to bring her to his family and leave her. It took a long time to raise money for her fare back (11)
Poverty breaks up the family, as the narrator has to leave Emily in the care of her father's family. There's a high price to pay for keeping a family together.