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The Voice and Swallowing Institute
New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai
310 E. 14th Street
New York, NY 10003
Swallowing problems (dysphagia) have been found to occur in approximately 13 to 14 percent of all hospitalized patients, 40 to 50 percent of patients in nursing homes and approximately 33 percent of the patients in rehabilitation centers. Among the more common reasons for swallowing problems are sudden onset neurologic damage (e.g. stroke, head injury or spinal cord injury), progressive neurologic disease (e.g. Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis), head and neck tumors and their treatment and medical problems such as rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and diabetes.
Patients with suspected swallowing problems should be carefully evaluated and appropriate treatment initiated in order to prevent complications from their swallowing disorders, such as dehydration, malnutrition, choking and pneumonia. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary's Communicative Sciences Center has been evaluating and treating patients with swallowing disorders since 1992. We provide complete diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in our technologically advanced Swallowing Laboratory. New instrumentation and training have spurred improved videoflouroscopic imaging, timing, and reading of the disordered swallow (procedures include fiberoptic endoscopic examination of the swallow (FEES), flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST), electromyography, and the modified barium swallow).
Both pediatric and adult clinical assessments are conducted routinely both for the Head and Neck population and for patients with disorders related to GERD, trauma, neurogenic etiologies, and laryngeal incompetence. Treatments include:
Compensatory Posturing
Thermal Stimulation
Therapy Techniques
Adaptive Equipment
EMG Monitored Swallowing
Consideration of Medical-surgical Alternatives
Swallowing is a complex process that people who swallow without difficulty often take for granted. We have all experienced the pleasure of eating. From the aromas of our favorite foods as they are being cooked to their flavor once they are ready to eat, the act of eating may be for some among the true pleasures in life. Imagine not being able to taste or smell your food (which may have happened to you if you have had a cold). Often our appetite shrinks when we cannot taste or smell our food. Some people with swallowing problems experience difficulty with tasting/smelling their food. Because of this, they may even lose the motivation to eat as it is no longer enjoyable.
Apart from the pleasure of eating, eating also serves a very important purpose. As the body expends energy, we replenish our bodies by nourishing it. That is, food allows us to nourish (or feed) the body. Anyone who has ever become weak, dizzy, or light-headed because they delayed eating understands this quite well. You were however probably lucky enough to regain your energy when you were able to eat enough. Some people with swallowing problems already have less energy because they are sick (for other reasons); because they are sick they need to eat in order to build up energy to help them fight the sickness. If they do not have enough energy to chew or swallow a whole meal this would then affect their ability to nourish the body enough to start on the road to getting better. Consider how much energy (and extra time) it may have taken you to chew one small piece of over-cooked meat or a hard piece of bread/roll. Individuals who are sick and have swallowing problems may not have enough energy to completely chew just one mouthful of meat or bread; that would mean they are unable to nourish themselves enough to begin getting better. This situation therefore becomes a vicious circle.
These web pages have been constructed to provide individuals and their family members with some basic information regarding swallowing problems (often called dysphagia) and their treatment. Use the links to the left to navigate the Swallowing (dysphagia) section.
What happens when we swallow? Well, for each mouthful of food or liquid, a variety of things must happen so that we can swallow it safely, in good time, and without wasting or losing any of it.
Swallowing here refers to the combined acts of:
Below you will find a description of each step:
When we swallow a mouthful of food or liquid, we start by successfully getting the right amount of food or liquid into our mouths. Obviously, we don't want to take too much (because it may fall out onto our clothes, plate, or the table or fall into our throats before we are ready to swallow). Also, many individuals have learned to chew with their mouths closed; this is helpful for different reasons with the most obvious being so that food or liquid doesn't fall or spill out of our mouths as we chew.
As we are chewing and/or preparing the material, we add saliva that helps to make the food easier to chew as well as to keep it all together and create a collected mass called a bolus. We also use our teeth for chewing food. The incisors and cuspids (the front teeth) help to tear and cut the food. The molars (the rear teeth) help to grind food and make a cohesive bolus. When we are chewing something we move the material onto and off of the molars (the grinding surfaces) as we are organizing and unifying one bolus. In addition, our tongue and other parts of the mouth work to help keep the food out of the throat until it is ready to be swallowed.
When we are done adding saliva and preparing the bolus, we use our tongue to move it from the front of the mouth towards the back of the mouth. Our tongue squeezes the bolus backwards by pushing it against the roof of the mouth. Throughout this stage and the previous stage, our buccal (cheek) muscles are at work and help to keep the bolus or any part of it from falling into the lateral sulci (the space between our gums and cheeks). When the mass reaches the back of the mouth, our body sends a message to our brain to begin swallowing and the swallow reflex is triggered.
Before the mass enters the throat (that is, when it is at the rear edge of your tongue and starting to move down), various events happen as part of the swallow reflex. One thing that happens is the velum raises to close off the connection to the nose. Looking into someone's mouth, you will see the uvula (a "bell" looking structure in the back of your mouth that is part of the velum) hanging down from the velum (the tissue making up the back part of the roof of the mouth). When the velum raises it closes off the passage to the nose. Many people have probably seen at least one occasion when the bell did not raise fast enough and liquid may have come out of a person's nose.
Also, your larynx (voice box) closes off and moves up and forward. If you swallow your saliva and pay attention to your throat you will feel something in your throat moving up and forward. That's your larynx, or the part of your body that contains your voice box. The larynx sits on top of the trachea (the breathing tube), and the trachea leads down to your lungs. It is very important that no food or any other material get into your trachea. It is called aspiration when any material gets past your larynx and into your trachea. You will start coughing (and maybe choking) if material falls into your trachea. If a piece of food or other material is big enough it may even make breathing difficult if it gets stuck. The coughing is one response that the body has to help protect your lungs from dangerous material. Another way is what usually happens to the larynx when we swallow.
As mentioned before, the larynx closes off and moves up and forward out of the way of food to help protect the lungs. Several muscles in our larynx normally close the larynx off at different levels to make sure that nothings falls into the larynx. In addition, a cartilage in the throat called the epiglottis will usually flip over and cover the laryngeal aditus (the entrance to the larynx) to provide another layer of protection for the lungs.
The pharyngeal (throat) muscles squeeze and push food down along with the help of gravity to move it to the hypopharynx (the bottom of the pharynx). A muscle called the upper esophageal sphincter separates the hypopharynx from the esophagus (the natural feeding tube that leads to the stomach). As part of the swallowing reflex the upper esophageal sphincter opens to let food into the esophagus. It is also stretched open further by the pressure of the food as it moves through it as well as the passive stretching due to the anatomical/physical attachment to the larynx (recall that the larynx moves up and forward; in doing so then it helps to stretch the adjacent upper esophageal sphincter).
As food travels down through the pharynx it passes many nooks and crannies. Some of these nooks and crannies are called sinuses (in particular the vallecular and pyriform sinuses). In normal swallowing, food and liquid pass by these without any noticeable amounts getting stuck.
As the bolus arrives in the esophagus in the normal swallow, a "wave" of muscle contractions occurs. The muscles contract in a sequential-like fashion (from top to bottom) helping to carry the bolus downward towards the stomach. A muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter separates the esophagus from the stomach. When the bolus reaches the bottom of the esophagus, the lower esophageal sphincter opens and the bolus passes through to the stomach.
Dysphagia is the technical term used for swallowing disorders. That is, people with dysphagia have difficulty swallowing. These difficulties may include, but are not limited to:
There are many causes of dysphagia. People with many different kinds of illnesses may develop dysphagia. Illnesses that are often related to dysphagia include strokes, progressive neurological disorders (like Parkinson's Disease or multiple sclerosis), brain tumors, head and neck cancers, and reflux. Individuals who have had head injuries may have dysphagia. Some elderly people may also develop dysphagia. Some infants may be born with disorders that can be associated with dysphagia, including cleft palate, Down Syndrome and cerebral palsy.
Aspiration has been associated with the development of some types of pneumonia. If your oral secretions contain too much gram-negative bacteria (GNB), then aspiration of these might result in additional problems including pneumonia. GNB may sometimes develop in the mouth if you use a feeding tube, if you take antibiotics, if you have oral/dental disease, if you have cavities that have not been treated, if you suffer from malnutrition, or if you don't clear your saliva regularly.
Diagnosis of dysphagia is done by speech-language pathologists, often with the help of medical doctors like oto-laryngologists and radiologists. Diagnosis comes after thorough examination of many factors. This complete examination usually has several parts and may be done on several days.
A dysphagia examination must include a thorough case history and an assessment of the structures involved in swallowing as well as their function. A case history is the part of the examination where you are asked specific questions about the problem and about many related issues, including past swallowing problems, your current medications, and associated medical conditions. Also, examination of your lips, teeth, jaw, tongue, pharynx and other parts of your body involved in swallowing is done to make sure that none of these parts is broken, is out of place, has been removed (maybe because of a surgery), or is not working correctly. An examination of how your (swallowing) muscles move and work is also done to make sure they are not weak or there is no other problem with them. As part of this examination you may be asked to taste different flavors, drink and eat small amounts of food and liquid, and to learn/practice potential swallowing maneuvers.
Examination may also include different tests that involves technical machines. Three common tests like this are:
Video-fluouroscopic swallow studies
Flexible endoscopic swallow studies
Fiber-endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing
The Voice and Swallowing Institute offers all 3 of these studies.
You are asked to eat and drink a variety of things during each of the studies. Some of this may be combined with special substances, like green food coloring or barium, to make it easier to watch what is happening as you swallow. At the same time the speech-language pathologist and oto-laryngologist identifies the exact source of the problem, and may also attempt different strategies to help you swallow better and more safely. Strategies include evaluating different food consistencies and liquids of varying thicknesses, as well as maneuvers, that may help improve how well and safely we swallow. The names of some of these maneuvers are the chin tuck and Mendelsohn maneuvers. They will be discussed further in the treatment section.
Video-fluoroscopic swallow studies are done in the X-ray suites of hospitals. These studies are also called modified barium swallow studies. During this examination you are asked to eat and drink a variety of things while being X-rayed. At the same time the speech-language pathologist attempts to identify the exact source of the problem, and may also attempt different strategies to help you swallow better and more safely. The results of the study help identify where food and liquid get stuck (if they get stuck), if there is a problem with muscle or sensory function, and how well and safely all of the swallowing stages are coordinated. The speech-language pathologist and oto-laryngologist will decide if you are a good candidate for this procedure.
The Voice and Swallowing Institute has specialized equipment for video-fluoroscopic examination of swallowing in children.
Flexible endoscopic swallow studies can be done in a hospital clinic. A flexible endoscope is a machine that consists of a long tube and a camera. During this examination the device is passed through one of your nasal passages to the back of the throat where passage of food and drink can be observed. These studies tell us about what happens before or after the food is actually swallowed. They can help identify if the bolus enters the pharynx early and where things get stuck when they get stuck. These studies may also be applied to therapy situations and are extremely helpful in determining the best and safest food consistencies and liquid thicknesses for a patient to swallow. The speech-language pathologist and oto-laryngologist will decide if you are a good candidate for a flexible endoscopic swallow study.
Fiber-endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST) can also be done in a hospital clinic. A specialized flexible endoscope is used during this test. During this examination the device is passed through one of your nasal passages to the back of the throat where passage of food and drink can be observed, just like with a flexible endoscopic swallow study. However, the specialized flexible endoscope also allows us to look at the sensory functioning in your throat by giving small puffs of air. Sensory functioning might be altered (changed) for some individuals diagnosed with acid reflux (also known as laryngo-pharyngeal reflux). Like flexible endoscopic swallow studies, these studies tell us about what happens before or after the food is actually swallowed. They can also help identify if the bolus enters the pharynx early and where things get stuck when they get stuck. The speech-language pathologist and oto-laryngologist will decide if you are a good candidate for FEESST.
Following the dysphagia examination, recommendations may be made that could include further consultation with medical specialists, swallowing therapy, changes in or restrictions on what you eat, and other testing that may be useful.
Treatment for dysphagia can come in several different forms, and may include surgery, a diet regimen, and dysphagia therapy.
Dysphagia therapy is conducted by certified speech-language pathologists and likely involves learning exercises and/or strategies for improved swallowing, as well as monitoring for improved swallowing as therapy continues, and adjusting therapy as necessary to address any noticeable changes.
The goal of dysphagia therapy is most often to help the patient learn to swallow more safely and effectively. Some patients in dysphagia therapy may be recommended restricted diets that specify what kinds (thickness/consistency) of foods and liquids they can swallow safely. Some patients may even be recommended that they nourish their bodies by non-oral methods. These non-oral methods frequently include devices called feeding tubes that allow people to feed without putting them in danger of choking or aspirating. Individuals on feeding tubes may benefit from therapy with the goal of increasing the safety of their swallow so that they might eat again by mouth one day.
Exercises include activities that aim to strengthen muscles, improve movement and improve coordination. Among the possible exercises that may be recommended for dysphagia patients are the Masako maneuver, the Shaker exercise, gargling, and others.
Strategies include postural changes (for example head turn and chin tuck postures), multiple swallows, and other "maneuvers". Remember that during the examination, the patient might be taught and asked to carry out different maneuvers. These are techniques that help to make the swallow safer or more effective. They include the supraglottic swallow maneuver, the super supraglottic swallow maneuver, the Mendelsohn maneuver, the effortful swallow maneuver, and others. Other strategies may involve the use of special implements, including the use of drinking cups for people with limited head motion and glossectomy spoons.
Diet modifications can include changes in food consistency, bolus size, and food/liquid temperature. Other modifications might include alternating solids and liquids.
An important and often overlooked aspect of dysphagia therapy is oral hygiene. Oral hygiene refers to promoting and preserving good oral (mouth) health. Oral hygiene is especially important for individuals with dysphagia because anything that is aspirated can carry traces of oral secretions (see Dysphagia: A Definition section). You may find oral hygiene tips here.
The Voice and Swallowing Institute has expert speech language pathologists with specialized training in determining which therapy options are best for you.
Glossary | |
Aspiration |
the passage of material below the level of the vocal folds |
Barium |
a material that can be added to food or liquid to assist in seeing these on X-ray |
Bolus |
a collected mass of food or liquid |
Buccal |
of or relating to the cheeks |
Cartilage |
a dense type of tissue |
Cuspids |
the teeth that are used to cut food |
Deglutition |
the act of swallowing |
Diagnosis |
the identification and/or determination of the nature and cause of a problem |
Dysphagia |
a swallowing disorder |
Epiglottis |
a cartilage in your pharynx that is involved in the swallowing process |
Esophagus |
the natural tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach |
Esophageal |
of or relating to the esophagus |
Hypopharynx |
the inferior, or lower, part of the pharynx |
Incisors |
the teeth that are used to tear food |
Lower esophageal sphincter |
the muscle separating the esophagus and stomach |
Larynx |
the "voice box;" the larynx sits on top of the trachea |
Laryngeal |
of or relating to the larynx |
Laryngeal aditus |
the entrance to the larynx |
Lateral sulci |
the grooves that you find between the gums and the cheeks |
Molars |
the teeth that are used to grind food |
Palate |
The roof of the mouth |
Pharynx |
the throat |
Pyriform sinus |
a cavity or depression in the pharynx where food or liquid may collect |
Reflex |
an involuntary or automatic action or response |
Trachea |
the natural tube that leads from the pharynx to the lungs |
Upper esophageal sphincter |
the muscle separating the pharynx and esophagus |
Uvula |
the small mass (or "bell") that hangs from the rear portion of the roof of the mouth |
Vallecular sinus |
a cavity or depression in the pharynx where food or liquid may collect |
Velum |
the soft palate, or the rear portion of the roof of the mouth |
Vocal folds |
the tissue covered muscles in your larynx whose vibration helps to create your voice |
American Speech Language Hearing Association
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
Home > Otolaryngology > The Voice and Swallowing Institute > SWALLOWING


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There goes the wonderfulSubmitted by NEPender (not verified) on Mon, 06/27/2011 - 9:46pm.
There goes the wonderful County Commissioners looking out for us again. They claim they support their VFDs, then they vote cut funding for the fire departments in Pender County, with 20,000+ acres of forest STILL burning. Wonder how quickly 20,000 can increase to 80,000 when fireworks are added and there still isn't enough rain? »
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Biological Sciences
Faculty and students in the Department of Biological Sciences know that advances in
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The BS and BA programs are designed to provide a liberal education with a focus on
physiological functions of living organisms and the structures and systems that determine
those functions.
For more information, explore the Department of Biological Sciences in the undergraduate catalog or contact Department Representative Becky Wheeler.
Department Chair
Dr. Stephanie C. Schroeder
Associate Professor
Webster Hall Room 13
Ph: (314) 246-7518
Department Representative
Becky Wheeler
Webster Hall 13
Ph: (314) 246-7075


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Lloyds Banking Group Plc's CEO Discusses 2011 Results - Earnings Call Transcript
Now for a close look at how the simplification program is going. Simplification is central to our strategy of becoming the best bank for customers. Customers want to experience processes with fewer steps, more automation and more transparent outcomes. Fewer errors will mean fewer complaints and increased brand consideration. António has already detailed the progress we're making on reducing complaints. We're determined that simplification will enable us to reduce those FSA-reportable complaints to less than 1 per 1,000 in 2014.
Simplification will also generate significant financial benefits. I've previously described to you the iceberg effect, where simple processes and fewer errors and complaints leads to a virtual circle of lower cost to primary processes, generating fewer demands for secondary processes of error correction and rework, complaint handling and so on.
And whilst the majority of simplification benefits will flow to the bottom line, approximately 1/3 of the benefits over the life of the program will be used to fund investment in our strategic growth initiatives. For colleagues, simplification will eliminate low-value tasks, increase cross-skilling and free up time to spend with customers to deepen relationships and drive income growth.
Now hopefully, you recognize this slide from last year. Simplification is organized into 4 key streams: operations and processes, sourcing, organization, and channels and products. You'll see that at the outset to the program last year, we'd identified 111 initiatives. Now that number's grown to 183. This reflects the addition of new ideas as well as the deletion of some ideas that didn't provide the right financial payback. And this also reflects the added granularity of our plans as we move into delivery mode.
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Learning in Outdoor Education (EDUH4052)
Engagement with natural environments in Australia forms a significant part of growing up for many Australians, whether in formal education; organised leisure activities; or unstructured experiences of leisure and sport. A growing number of overseas tourists also visit principally to experience Australia's unique natural environments.
Outdoor education is an important aspect of many school curriculums around the world. Learning in Outdoor Education examines the nature and significance of the learning that takes place in natural environments, with a particular focus on what and how people learn in the outdoors.
While the unit does aim to build knowledge and develop understanding of specific areas of natural significance in NSW, its principal focus is the nature of the learning experiential education. Bushwalking and camping field trips immerse students in natural environments, and these experiences are complemented by a lecture program that maximises their learning and builds on specific knowledge gained 'in the field'.
Assessment tasks that are undertaken during, and as a result of, the two field trips form the core learning experiences of the unit, while additional activities are provided to further enrich students' learning and understanding of the topic.
Field trips
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The highlight of the class in the second field trip which incorporates a three–day expedition to the beautiful World Heritage listed Blue Mountains. Located 2 hours train trip west of Sydney the Blue Mountains is one of Australia's true natural wonders and contains an inspiring mix of rainforest, canyons, tall forests and heathlands. It's been described as a nature lover's paradise with an abundance of colourful bird and animal life, not to mention the greatest concentration of eucalypt diversity on the continent.
This field trip includes two nights' bunk accommodation in cabins, day hikes and a number of in situ lectures and tutorials.


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10 Ways To Receive Gods Grace Today
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Women who are trying to conceive and finding that they are having difficulty often turn to fertility charts and calculators and basal body temperature charting in an effort to determine when they are most fertile and thus when they should be trying to conceive. Women who have just found this method may wonder how it works and why. The information contained herein is meant to help explain basal body temperature charts and how they relate to fertility.
Hormones and Conception
The first thing that a woman needs to understand is how conception, hormones and her monthly cycle work together to help produce and egg and thus be fertile. Initially, from the first day of menstruation up until ovulation (the follicular phase), estrogen is the hormone that is normally in charge. This hormone is responsible for creating the egg that hopefully is released and fertilized. The luteal phase, or second phase that runs from ovulation until the start of the next menstrual cycle, is controlled by progesterone and will remain controlled by it until the start of the next follicular phase. The role these two hormones play on the basal body temperature is the basis on which basis body temperature charts operate to help determine fertility phases.
The Importance of Basal Body Temperature in Fertility
Estrogen and progesterone both have a different effect on the body's basal temperature. The basal temperature is the temperature when the body is at rest and is most often recorded immediately after waking. Estrogen is the main hormone released during the follicular phase and a woman's basal temperature is cooler during this time.
During the luteal phase, the increase in basal temperature indicates that ovulation has occurred. Charting this for one or two months will help determine approximately when ovulation is occurring and will be more accurate than predictor kits that can be purchased. Having an idea of when ovulation occurs opens up a window just prior to and immediately after ovulation that is prime for conceiving.
How to Chart Basal Body Temperature
Charting basal body temperature is not difficult and simply a matter of making it a morning habit. The only thing that is needed is a basal thermometer which is simply a thermometer that is much more sensitive than the standard thermometer, and a notebook or calendar with pen. In today's electronic age, many people choose to forego the pen and paper and chart their temperature using an online program or other electronic method. If this is the case, the electronic device should also be kept near the bed so that the temperature can be recorded before it is forgotten.
These should be kept on the nightstand or near the bed so that they are reminders to take the temperature before getting out of bed. Techies may prefer to record their temperature on their laptop or even smart phone and there are many programs available on the Internet designed just for basal body temperature recording. Basal body temperature should be taken at the same time every morning in order to get more accurate results on when it spikes.
Understanding the Results
It's not enough to simply take the basal body temperature on a daily basis, an understanding of what the numbers mean is vital to knowing when is the best time to attempt to conceive. This
When the body ovulates, the basal temperature increases anywhere from .5 degrees to about 1.6 degrees, which is why a very sensitive thermometer is important. Fertility is at its peak between two and three days before and up to about 24 hours after ovulation. Using the temperature charts makes it possible to see when there are three days of increased temperature; however, this also makes it too late to have intercourse and achieve success. Therefore, intercourse should be as soon as a spike in temperature is noticed and in the next three to four days. This increases the odds of becoming pregnant.
An easier way to understand the results is to use an electronic program online as discussed earlier. These programs will not only help with charting, if they are used consistently, they will help provide a more accurate window by averaging the time over a period. These programs often have built-in graphing capabilities and other features that make them easy to use and save for future reference should the results be needed by a doctor or fertility specialist.
One other way that the odds of becoming pregnant can be increased is to combine the basal temperature chart with an ovulation prediction kit. If these do not achieve conception, the basal temperature chart should be taken to the doctor and a thorough examination performed to determine if there are other conditions preventing pregnancy. Basal body temperature is a proven method of finding out when fertility is at its peak; however, it may take several months to pinpoint just the right time. The good news is that in the case of conceiving, trial and error is not a chore.


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Theater J brings Israeli politics to the Davis Center
Boged (Traitor): An Enemy of the People, showing in Davis Performing Arts Center from Jan. 15 to Feb. 3, is an inspiring play, covering delicate themes of corruption, greed, and power. Largely based on Henrik Ibsen's late nineteenth century opus, Boged effectively moves Ibsen's story into contemporary Israel, but the relatable narrative could very well have taken place here in America.
Written by Boaz Gaon and Nir Erex, the play was first produced in Israel, and has since been staged multiple times, most recently by the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in conjunction with the Carolina Center for Jewish Studies.
The play comes to Georgetown from Theater J, described as "one of the most distinctive, progressive, and respected Jewish theaters on the national and international scene." Primarily located in Dupont Circle, Theater J is performing Boged at Georgetown as part of their Voices from a Changing Middle East Festival. They wrapped up their production of Apples from the Desert on Jan. 6, and soon after started performances of Boged earlier this week. The company mission statement writes that the company strives to produce, "thought provoking, publicly engaged, personal, passionate and entertaining plays and musicals that celebrate the distinctive urban voice and social vision that are part of the Jewish cultural legacy."
Directed by Joseph Megel, and starring Michael Tolaydo in the role of Tommy Doany, the play opens in the home of Tommy Doany and his wife Katy. Tommy is a scientist and brother of the city's mayor, Simon. He and his brother, played by Brian Hemmingsen, led the movement to create an industrial park in the town, bringing in both industry and the possibility of an economic boom.
At the same time, Tommy's daughter, Yarden Doany, played by Blair Bowers, confronts her father about the industries, noting that the children at the local school, where she is a teacher, are beginning to get sick. Soon, Tommy reveals to his family that there is poison in the water, caused by the rapid growth of the industries. He takes it upon himself to bring justice to the townspeople, but the corruption surfaces all too quickly, and it's not long before a traitor is named.
Though the play itself is somewhat predictable, if not revealing from the start, the show is very entertaining for any and all interested in political theater. Tommy Doany presents a hero torn by the needs of multiple family members. By putting the needs of the city first, he endangers his family and effectively destroys his own status as a reputable scientist. The city responds negatively, driven by their economic needs, and like many tragic heroes Tommy ends up with nothing. Though the play does a good job of developing the characters of nearly all introduced in the play, the two Doany men are especially exceptional.
As a whole, Boged aims at attracting mature audiences, addressing issues like outsourcing and environmental justice, in addition to the role of media in politics. Unfortunately, what could have been a great debate of industry and politics ends in a biased, however socially just, conclusion. Though it manages to institute a broad range of sociopolitical topics into its narrative without overreaching in this capacity, audiences shouldn't expect to leave the theater shaken or too deeply disturbed—this is a play that merely skims the surface of a debate that could be more analyzed in much more depth.
About Dayana Morales Gomez
Dayana Morales Gomez is the editor-in-chief of the Georgetown Voice. She is a junior in the School of Foreign Service.4 comments on "Theater J brings Israeli politics to the Davis Center"
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Dell Networking Helps Accelerate Deployment Of 10 Gigabit Virtualized And Cloud Data Centers With New Switching Platform And SDN Capabilities
Both products support local switching of server-to-server (east-west) traffic within the PowerEdge 1000e chassis. This enhances network performance as traffic no longer has to travel up to – and back down from – the data center core as other architectures require.
Commercial Availability of OpenFlow in FTOS
Dell also announced the commercial availability of OpenFlow for its FTOS code base. Available now for the Dell Z9000 and S4810 data center switches, OpenFlow is a key technology enabler for next-generation software-defined network (SDN) deployments. The new software is fully compliant with available standards-based OpenFlow controllers, including the Big Switch Controller from Dell partner Big Switch Networks.
The addition of commercially available OpenFlow functionality reinforces Dell's commitment to software-defined infrastructure. Dell is one of the only vendors to offer a complete and unbiased approach to SDN embracing legacy networking environments, greenfield controller-based deployments as well as hypervisor-oriented architectures.
Dell is a founding member of the Open Network Foundation and a significant innovator and contributor in the SDN community. Dell has participated in numerous conferences, proof-of-concepts and public demonstrations to date. Quotes "We're seeing strong momentum in our Dell Networking business with double-digit revenue growth in our last quarter," said Tom Burns, vice president and general manager, Dell Networking. "We see networking as a key enabler in helping enterprise customers move to next-generation, 10 and 40G solutions in application-aware, converged, virtualized and hybrid cloud environments." "We expect the Ethernet Switch market to experience two significant years of market growth in 2013 and 2014 from the migration of servers towards 10 Gigabit Ethernet," said Alan Weckel, Senior Director of Dell'Oro Group. "We believe that in 2013, most large enterprises will upgrade to 10 Gigabit Ethernet for server access through a mix of connectivity options ranging from blade servers, SFP+, SFP+ direct attach and 10GBASE-T."Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Translate this page National deep freeze affects local blood supplyFriday, January 24th, 2014 Issue 04, Volume 18.
LifeStream, as a member of Americas Blood Centers (ABC), participates with fellow blood banks in a shared-resources program whereby members can assist with blood needs of other members. But due to horrific weather conditions, many ABC banks are closed, and LifeStream cannot turn to them for assistance for critical local needs. The only way to ensure local hospitals and their patients are provided needed blood products is for members of the community to come forward and donate. LifeStream donor Advertisement Riverside, 4006 Van Buren Blvd. Hours: 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Monday and Friday; 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tuesday through Thursday; 7:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday. San Bernardino, 384 W. Orange Show Road. Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday and Monday; 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Tuesday through Friday; 7:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday. Walk-ins are welcome at all locations; to set an appointment or to locate convenient mobile drives, call (800) 879-4484 or visit LifeStream is an independent, local blood center that provides blood products and services to more than 80 Southern California hospitals. For more information, call (800) 879-4484. 0 comments Be the first to share your opinion on this article!
The Valley News has tightened its' policy regarding comments. While we invite you to contribute your opinions and thoughts, we request that you refrain from using vulgar or obscene words and post only comments that directly pertain to the specific topic of the story or article. Comments that are derogatory in nature have a high likelihood for editing or non-approval if they carry the possibility of being libelous. The comment system is not intended as a forum for individuals or groups to air personal grievances against other individuals or groups. Please, no advertising or trolling. In posting a comment for consideration, users understand that their posts may be edited as necessary to meet system parameters, or the post may not be approved at all. By submitting a comment, you agree to all the rules and guidelines described here. Most comments are approved or disregarded within one business day. |
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PlanetKid School Closures September 5, 2012 No Comments
Just a reminder in the event you have not yet stumbled upon our school closure procedures: During hurricane season, PlanetKid will adopt the closing procedures of Brevard County public schools. PlanetKid will ONLY CLOSE if and when Brevard County schools are closed. Any questions about this policy, just give us a ring!


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Virginia is for Lovers is the tourism and travel slogan of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Used since 1969,[1] it has become a well recognized and often imitated part of American jargon. In 2012, Advertising Age called Virginia is for Lovers "one of the most iconic ad campaigns in the past 50 years."[2]
A team led by David N. Martin and George Woltz of Martin and Woltz Inc. of Richmond, Virginia created the slogan[2][3] after winning the Virginia State Travel account in 1968. Originally, they had come up with history ads, "Virginia is for History Lovers"; beach ads, "Virginia is for Beach Lovers"; and mountain ads, "Virginia is for Mountain Lovers". This approach was eventually discarded as too limiting, and the qualifiers were dropped. "Virginia is for Lovers" was born. Martin and Woltz Inc. eventually gained prominence and grew to become The Martin Agency. The first ad campaign using the tagline "Virginia is for Lovers" was launched in 1969.[2] The slogan was released with fanfare to all who wanted to use it to promote the state of Virginia. More recently, the Virginia Tourism Corp has dubiously trademarked the slogan, but the Commonwealth of Virginia effectively gave away its intellectual rights in 1969 when it released the slogan to the public.
The first year that the slogan was introduced, travelers spent $800 million in Virginia. By 2004, that number had increased to more than $14 billion, making Virginia the tenth most popular tourist destination of the fifty states.[citation needed]
American Idol winner Jordin Sparks recorded a song called "Virginia is for Lovers" in 2007, which was featured as a bonus track on her eponymous debut album. The slogan is referenced in The Hold Steady song "Killer Parties."
Will Adler, ESP Guitars artist, has the slogan printed on the neck of his custom guitars.
New York drew on Virginia's success to create the I Love New York logo nearly a decade later in 1977[citation needed]. Maryland also parodied this phrase with its own "Maryland is for Crabs" slogan.
This Virginia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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quote:Bull shite. Are you going to sit there and tell me with a straight face that a bunch of academics don't have the backing
quote:of their own personal empire manned by thousands and thousands of potential laborers given decades upon decades to complete perhaps the greatest engineering feat of the ancient world? You really expect anyone here to believe that? Get the hell outta here ya damn archaeopologist!
quote:Why would aliens, who had the technology to fly lightyears to get here for what are supposed to be clandestine activities, show up in ships that are lit up like Christmas trees at night?
quote:If they are visiting, why are they taking so long to either take over or discover the "mysteries" of humans? We've been able to map our own genome, what's taking them so long?
quote: There's an enormous difference between a few archaeologists and other academics thinking about these projects for a few years at a time, and entire cultures focused on these projects for many many years. Of course modern efforts aren't going to be on par with them.
quote:I make jewelry and sell it on the sidewalks of San Francisco.
quote: Right off the fricking bat, I have to say that I'm more astonished by this little factoid than I would be if a little green alien came up to me and asked for a light.
quote: I agree. The world is going to hell in a hand basket, but........Aliens!!
quote:But according to scientists, ancient human beings were less intelligent than the highly evolved modern humans.
quote:FYI, you are arguing with a dude that thinks SPACE BEINGS are flying around and checking us (earthlings) out. Remember that
quote: Please tell me the most classified aircraft in not only the United States, but the rest of the world as well. Because you must know such things before spouting off that drivel.
quote:For one thing, it's not a challenge of their intelligence. It's a challenge to their knowledge pertaining to the "field," their expertise as it were.
quote:Secondly, have you really examined the strength of the argument you're attempting to make? You say that because an eyewitness, an unqualified eyewitness, describes something that he may or may not have seen in the first place because we have to take his word for it, as being something completely beyond the scope of human achievement, another claim he isn't qualified to make, it must therefore be true and it must therefore be true because he says it must be true.
quote:Oh, I will fully admit the possibility. It's possible that ET's were coming down to D.C. to service Clinton while Monica was away, but that doesn't make it likely.
quote:And when regular people make assertions which they are completely unqualified to make, let alone support, you'll just have to forgive me if I don't take what they have to say as gospel just because they say it. Give me evidence and then we'll talk.
quote: Link? We are talking not that long ago, around 2500 bc.
quote:Why do I need to provide you with a link? 5000 years ago humans were so stupid they were superstitious and believed that many "gods" controlled everything including the weather. They even thought epilepsy was caused by demons.
quote:Furthermore, they [the Tyrians] would heat bronze shields in a blazing fire, fill them with hot sand and boiling excrement and suddenly hurl them from the walls. None of their deterrents aroused greater fear than this. The hot sand would make its way between the breastplate and the body; there was no way to shake it out and it would burn through whatever it touched. The soldiers would throw away their weapons, tear off all their protective clothing and thus expose themselves to wounds without being able to retaliate. (From Heckel, W. and Yardley, J. Alexander the Great: historical texts in translation, 2004, p. 147)
quote:Do you believe governments know something we don't about extraterrestrials?
quote:Apparently, most people don't have the desire to watch or listen to their testimony.
quote:if you think you're effectively taking a shot at me by suggesting I'm thinking inside the box about aliens like the government wants, think again.
quote:I can't be insulted over something so very, very stupid that hasn't occurred except in the paranoid minds of people desperately grasping for some larger meaning in their lives.
quote:Third, there are meds that make the blue orbs, grays, implants and probings go away.
quote:And, you still didn't answer my questions about the lights though you defend what people see at night as being beyond human tech.


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Event Name
- OR - Select an option belowhttp://www.oconnorsdelray.com It's St. Patrick's Day every day at O'Connors. The décor brings the charm of old-world Ireland together with the hipness of Delray Beach. More >>
http://www.osheaspub.com This authentic Clematis Street institution has weathered tropical and economic storms, never-ending construction projects, petty politics and more, but it's still the place to come in West Palm when you need someone with an accent who knows how to pull a pint. It's always open late, making it popular with the après-concert crowd leaving Respectable Street. Every standard Irish pub dish is on the menu, with the addition of several roast beef selections. The rest is stereotypically familiar. But that's the key to O'Shea's longevity. And when you're there, try a pint of Murphy's instead of Guinness stout, and see if you don't think it's the cleaner, smoother brew of the two. More >>
Although Lauderdale-by-the-Sea is becoming the new stomping grounds for a swankier local crowd, the old Florida vibe of beach-living survives at Ocean Mist Pub. The warm wooden decor and nautical theme will draw you in, the friendly service will convince you to have a drink, and the pool table will make you stay. No cheesy, touristy gimics like those found at the shops along the same street. Ocean Mist Pub isn't Spring Break headquarters, after all. But it is probably one of the friendliest spots to sit after a day in the sun, or to spend a drinking holiday like St. Patty's, Cinco de Mayo, or, well, any other holiday you get off work. More >>
http://www.offthehookah.com Off the Hookah is downtown Fort Lauderdale's dance club, hookah lounge, and waterfront dining wrapped up in one sexy, Mediterranean-themed venue. Vegas-style flair bartenders serve the drinks, belly dancers arouse the onlookers, and the Mediterranean and sushi menu tantalizes the taste buds. There are cabana beds throughout the venue; thus, you can ask someone to go to bed without having to go home. Or ask a cutie to munch on the Mediterranean platter and share a banana/honey-flavored hookah (not hooker, wiseguy!). Also, there are drink specials during happy hour, ladies' night, and college night to keep the party going. More >>
Slip into bed or on a lounge or deep pillow to "dine" at this nightclub and almost-restaurant on Clematis, where it's form and fun over function. It doesn't take itself too seriously - all the faux artifacts of Middle Eastern digs are playfully interspersed with the furniture, meant for group dining. Noshes range from sushi to hummus and veggie flatbreads. Creative touches, possibly lost on this club crowd, include pomegranate-glazed duck with butterscotch sweet mashed potatoes, or crab cake with corn salsa, candied pancetta and a citrus beurre blanc. The beef's seasoned with Middle Eastern spices for a slider trio, there are a number of kabobs (kafka, anyone?), a gyro, and full sushi menu. A separate hookah menu - all non-tobacco - is on hand. Bartenders here are of the flair variety and are part of the entertainment. More >>
http://www.oldschool.org Historic complex of buildings features the Crest Theatre, Cornell Museum, classrooms, banquet rental facilities, and educational and outreach programs. More >>
http://www.theorangedoor.com Far too spacious and prettily lit to be a dive and down-home enough to be cozy, the Orange Door is half private party spot, half go-to blues venue. Part of a shopping plaza off Northlake Boulevard in Lake Park, the bar features a black-box-style theater setup and plenty of seating - complete with tables and flower centerpieces. Each weekend, it becomes a heavy-duty house of blues - soul and jazz too - playing host to local, national, and international acts like J.P. Soars and the Red Hots, Tommy Castro, and Eric Culberson. Thanks to its status as a local blues mecca, it has street cred among the locals, allowing it to be suitable for all kinds of events - like the two-day Lake Worth/Miami music festival Zitfest. The rest of the week, the Orange Door is yours for the taking - the owners are happy to book your private party or show in the space, still buzzing with the bluesy, twangy energy left over from the sizable crowds it draws each weekend. More >>


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Body, Mind & Spirit: Parapsychology - General eBooks
There are over 200 eBooks in the category Body, Mind & Spirit: Parapsychology - General.
Use our eBook search to find a specific book or author.
Use our eBook search to find a specific book or author.
Top 10 Body, Mind & Spirit
- Transylvanian Moonrise
- Millennial Hospitality III: The Road Home
- Basic Psychic Development: A User's Guide to Auras, Chakras & Clairvoyance
- Quantum Soul Clearing: Healing the Scars Life Leaves on the Soul
- Essential Energy Balancing II
- Essential Energy Balancing III
- The Uninvited
- Philosophy of Natural Therapeutics
- Nothing in This Book Is True, But It's Exactly How Things Are, 15th Anniversary
- Endgame, Volume 1


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What does RIP mean in Funnies?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand RIP in the Miscellaneous field in general and in the Funnies terminology in particular.
Find a translation for RIP in other languages:
Select another language:
What does RIP mean?
- rake, rakehell, profligate, rip, blood, roue(noun)
- a dissolute man in fashionable society
Discuss this RIP abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"RIP." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 7 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/76940>.
RIP also stands for:
- Maximus 3.0 Telegrafx Remote Imaging Protocol
- Quincy Program crash report
- Random Inspired Poetry
- Randomly Insulting People
- Ranger International Performance
... and 78 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
- Search Rest In Pain on Amazon
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TRGCarl's Top 5 WTF? Moments in Gaming
Dude seriously wtf?
5)Kefka Actually Wins!? (Final Fantasy 6) :Ok so wow you mean a villain actually wins? Destroys the world? Becomes a god? Really this was so shocking to me. Not everyday do villains actually manage to succeed. This instantly qualified Kefka for my Bad ASS of gaming spot. Not only that but really he stabbed the emperor?
4)Level 100+ pokemon off an island?(Pokemon Red and Blue) Ok so you finally get to the islands after obtaining surf. Every Pokemon player carrying there brick of a gameboy around with them will agree. You find a new area you look all over for new pokemon. So things appear to be normal and then WHAM a missingno appears. WTF? I don't know about you but I wasted my only master ball on this pokemon and guess what? No Mewtwo for me. :
3)Shiek is a Chick? (Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time) :I mean I have always had a pixel crush on Zelda, but Shiek was a bad ass. When I found out that Zelda was Shiek I practically "Shieked my pants" As I like to call it. Odd enough this experience actually solidified my love for Princess Zelda. (Peach ain't got nothing on her!)
2)You Turned Me Into an Exploding Baby?(Mortal Kombat 3) : When I was playing SEGA Master System with my cousin way back win, his random button mashing turned out to be fruitful and turned me into an exploding baby. I laughed out of shock this was really crazy for me.
1)Back up off my controls crazy man (Metal Gear Solid): Woah hold up why is my controller not working…. what do you mean I have to plug it in here, What is going on? Probably the most intense boss battle in any game I have ever played was fighting Psycho Mantis!


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I want to make a Bitter with FWH which I have never done. I'm making a 10 gallon batch with a 90 min. boil. My questions are, 1-When should I add hops (usually a 80 min. fly sparge) 2- Will a 90 min. boil have adverse affects? Thanks.
I put them in the kettle before sparging. My sparge is usually about half as long as yours, but I boil 90 minutes every time and no problem. Sitting in the wort as you sparge won't cause any trouble. As they say, relax, etc.
I don't fly sparge (I batch sparge), but I FWH by placing the hops in the kettle before my first runnings. I use beersmith to help with the IBU calculations. I typically do FWH, 30-20 minute additions and if it's a hoppy beer a 15-0 minute additions.
I fly sparge and add the hops to my dry boil kettle. I've done 60 and 90min boils with FWHs and the results have been good in both cases. I almost always FWH at least some of my bittering hops nowadays, usually all of them. I perceive a better, smoother bitterness, but it's not scientific. Could just be me expecting smoother bitterness so I think I taste it. It's certainly not hurting anything, though.


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Posts: 6
Joined 30-Nov-11
Posts: 6,384
Joined 26-Dec-10
i can't remember what mine was with my 4th but my doctor said it was low and she put me on progesterone suppositories. which were really gross. i went on to have a healthy baby girl. and with my 6th they put me on progesterone shots starting at 16 weeks until 36 weeks. both girls. i can't really say about girl sways. mine were always boy sways.
01, 03, 05, 09, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13 and another little born sept 4th!!


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I still dont see a role for Shiancoe if Hern and Gronk are healthy. Fells is the better blocker, Huma is playing 3-4 special teams and full back.
Is it possible that Branch has slipped so much that he is the odd man out? Hern slides to wide out if needed?
3 WR set=Wes, Lloyd, Edelman
4WR set=Wes, Lloyd, Edelman, Hernandez
I do see a role for Pryor is healthy.
QUestion is which 2 players go?
Assuming everyone is healthy, including Chung and Gregory, I am thinking it is Branch and Moore that are the odd man out


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Rubber Rod/Tool Holder
Key Features
UV resistant material
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Black or white rubber is UV resistant. Smaller sizes are great for fishing rods, small tools, shore cables, hose and boat antenna. Large sizer are great for boat hooks, boarding ladders, flashlights, and oars. Sold in pairs.


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Threatening pamphlets have many Colombians worried.
BOGOTA — These days, finding junk mail under your door can be a frightening experience in Colombia. So it was for Anderson Cardenas, 27, when he received a pamphlet with a silhouette of a machine gun and a man hovering over a sinister warning: "The hour of social cleansing has arrived. Don't be one of those who fall in this social cleansing."
This wasn't the first such message. Cardenas, a high school teacher and human rights worker in Bogota's southwest, had also received an e-mail (along with scores of other community organizers) containing identical text.
In towns and cities across Colombia, threatening pamphlets delivered to people's homes, posted in stores and handed out in front of schools warn recipients they could be swept up by a "social cleansing" operation.
"The situation is one of absolute fear," said Fernando Escobar, a human rights representative for the municipality of Soacha, a poor, sprawling municipality south of Bogota that has been particularly hard hit by the leafleting.
The only thing that's certain about the pamphlet phenomenon is the anxiety they have caused. There are a host of unanswered questions over who is behind the terrifying messages and whether they are related to deaths in neighborhoods across the country.
Though distributed indiscriminately, with a warning not to be outside after 10 p.m., the pamphlets' text is specifically targeted at youth, drug users, prostitutes, thieves and the homeless. To teens, they warn against hanging out on street corners taking drugs. To call girls and prostitutes, accused by the pamphlet writers of spreading AIDS, the message is "your hours are limited." And to "all low lifes found in bars after 10 p.m.," the writers have this to say: "We will not be held responsible if innocents fall."
Groups ranging from the right-wing paramilitary to leftist guerillas are suspected as the pamphlet masterminds. Many leaflets bear no signature. According to Ascanio Tapias, representative for the Bogota public defender's office, most carry the insignia of the Black Eagles, an illegal armed group that emerged following the recent official demobilization of paramilitary groups. Colombia's national police director has said he believes disparate criminal groups are behind the pamphlets.
"We can't establish who is sending them," Tapias said. To help the effort, President Alvaro Uribe has offered the equivalent of $4,000 for information on the menacing leaflets.
For the residents of tin-roofed homes clinging to the hillsides of Cazuca, a neighborhood south of Bogota, pamphlets and threats are nothing new. This shantytown, along with neighboring Ciudad Bolivar and Soacha, have traditionally been targeted because of their poor and vulnerable populations, Escobar said.
But now, the number of pamphlets has reached new heights, residents say. That, along with the breadth of circulation and types of threats, distinguishes this round. "We are seeing these pamphlets appear in neighborhoods and parts of the country where they never have before," Tapias said.
For example, Raul Montana, a university student, found a pamphlet delivered to his home in El Carmen, a neighborhood in southwest Bogota. "It surprised me a lot because there's never been anything like this here," he said.


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Women's Golf Finishes 11th at Palmetto Intercollegiate
W. Golf | 10/28/2014
Shane Crutchfield led Xavier women's golf at the Palmetto Intercollegiate, finishing with a score of even par. The junior tied for fourth-place,...
Women's Golf Stands in Ninth at Palmetto Intercollegiate
W. Golf | 10/27/2014
Shane Crutchfield is currently tied for fifth place after the second day at the Palmetto Intercollegiate. The junior sits at even par heading into the ...
Women's Golf Holds Seventh Place After Day One
W. Golf | 10/27/2014
Junior Shane Crutchfield leads the team tied for 14th place at 1-over par after the first round of play at Palmetto Intercollegiate.
Women's Golf Heads to Final Tournament of Fall
W. Golf | 10/25/2014
The women's golf team is set to play its final rounds of the fall this weekend at the Palmetto Intercollegiate, beginning on Sunday morning at Turtle...
Xavier Announces Five-Year Deal With Nike
W. Golf | 01/26/2015
Xavier University Athletics announced a new five-year all-school deal with Nike to cover all sports.
Women's Golf Takes Sixth at 2014 LPGA Xavier Invitational
W. Golf | 10/13/2014
Junior Shane Crutchfield shot an even-par in the final round of the 2014 LPGA Xavier Invitational to lead the Musketeers to a sixth place finish with a ...
Women's Golf Moves Up Two Spots After Day Two at LPGA Xavier Invitational
W. Golf | 10/11/2014
After the second day of competition at the LPGA Xavier Invitational, the Musketeers have moved up to sixth place with a 18 holes remaining, with strong ...
Women's Golf Completes Day One at LPGA Xavier Invitational
W. Golf | 10/10/2014
The Xavier women's golf team sit in a tie for eighth place, with two players in the overall top-10 after 18 holes on Friday.
Women's Golf Hosting LGPA Xavier Invitational
W. Golf | 10/09/2014
The Musketeers' women's golf team will spend fall break hosting Xavier's annual invitational at the LPGA Course in Daytona Beach, Fl. The tournament,...
Rain Shortens Play for Women's Golf at the Bearcat Classic
W. Golf | 10/08/2014
Inclement weather cut short play for Xavier women's golf on Tuesday at the Bearcat Classic. The day two lead groups were nearly finished, making it to...


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Comfort Inn Edison
Description provided by Comfort Inn Edison
All new guest rooms and public areas. Hotel located within walking distance to shops and food marts. Close proximity to major shopping malls, restaurants and lounges. Large parking lot for guests and tour bus/truck drivers. Microwaves and Refrigerators based on availability. This hotel is 100% smoke free. There is a $150.00 penalty for smoking in rooms. Cash customers require a deposit of 150.00. Pre- authorization is required for credit card customers as a deposit.
List of Amenities for Comfort Inn Edison
· AM/FM radio · Air conditioning · Alarm clock · Bus parking · Cable television · Coffee/Tea maker · Complimentary full american breakfast · Desk · Elevators · Exercise gym · Free movies/video · Hairdryer · Hairdryer · High speed internet connection · Ice machine · Iron · Non-smoking · Outdoor parking · Parking · Pay per view movies on TV · Safe deposit box · Truck parking · Wireless internet connection |
Restaurant Information
Boston Market Edison Diner Outback Steakhouse Skylark Diner & Lounge Applebee's Skylark Diner and LoungeArea Attractions
Newark Liberty Int'l Arpt.John F. Kennedy Int'l Arpt
La Guardia Int'l Airport
Beth Isreal Memorial Park
George Street Playhouse
Great Adventure
Highland Park
Jersey Gardens Outlet Center
Liberty Science Center
Loews Cineplex
Menlo Park Mall
Menlo Park Museum
NJ Exposition and Convention
New York City
Princeton Marketfair
Raceway Park
Raritan Center
Regal Theatres
Roosevelt Park
State Theatre
Statue of Liberty
Stress Factory
Woodbridge Center Mall
Room Information for this hotel
Handicap room, Microwave, RefrigeratorMiscellaneous Information provided by Comfort Inn Edison
· American Dollars is the native currency.
· Check in time is 3:00 PM
· Check out time is 11:00 AM
· 98 rooms.
· 0 suites.
· 3 floors.
This Hotel's Cancellation Policy
Reservations not cancelled by deadline will be charged 1 night's stay, or full amount of stay for reservations requiring prepayment.


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@Vincenzo -- here's another tip. A problem with 12-string guitars is that the necks tend to warp over time due to the tremendous pressure put on them by holding 12 strings in standard tuning.
You can remedy that problem by either backing off the tuning by a full step (tune to D-G-C-F-A-D instead of E-A-D-G-B-E) and use a capo to bring it up to regular tuning as needed or simply tune it back to standard when ready to play. A built-in tuner should make that process a snap.


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Monsanto's response? It's blaming the whole mess on eco-terrorists.
Just Label It
Trish Sheldon moved to Florida in 2001, but the bubbly blond still exudes a cool, friendly California air. In 2010, she started a state chapter of Millions Against Monsanto, then in 2011 founded a group called GMO-Free Florida to raise awareness of the risks of GMOs and push for mandatory labeling initiatives.
With Monsanto seeds currently covering more than 40 percent of America's crop acres (a March study found that 86 percent of corn, 88 percent of cotton, and 93 percent of soybeans grown here are of a GM variety) and the agri-giant making an expected $7.65 billion profit this year, it's doubtful the company will go away anytime soon. But as consumers become more aware of the sinister problems lurking in the food chain, activists in many states are pushing for laws that would require foods with GM ingredients to be labeled, much as foods with trans fats are.
More than 23 right-to-know groups have since popped up throughout Florida especially after California's push for mandatory labeling legislation, called Proposition 37, failed last year. Chemical companies defeated the initiative, thanks to a $46 million publicity campaign full of deceptive statements.
"Even though there were lies and deceit by the biotech industry, that was the catalyst," Sheldon says. "People were so pissed off that it failed [and] we started gaining steam." This May, during a global day of action, more than 2 million protesters attended rallies in more than 400 cities across 52 countries. In Miami, organizers lost count when protesters topped 1,300.
"If they're going to allow the American people to be lab rats in an experiment, could they at least know where it is from so they can decide whether they want to participate or not?" asks Lance Harvell, a Republican state representative from Maine who sponsored a GM labeling law this year. "If the FDA isn't going to do their job, it's time we stepped in."
Maine is just the second state (nine days after Connecticut) to pass such a law. When Vermont raised the issue a year ago, a Monsanto official indicated the company might sue. So the new laws in both Maine and Connecticut won't take effect until other states pass similar legislation so they can share defense costs.
In Florida, state Sen. Maria Lorts Sachs and House Rep. Michelle Rehwinkel-Vasilinda have sponsored similar bills — but neither version made it to committee. Both intend to revise and resubmit bills in the next legislative session, in January 2014.
"God gave the seed to the earth and the fruit to the trees," Harvell says. "Notice it didn't say he granted Monsanto a patent. The human body has developed with its seeds. You're making a major leap into Pandora's box, a quantum leap that maybe the human body isn't ready to make yet."
As more information comes out, it's increasingly clear that GM seed isn't the home run it's portrayed to be. It encourages greater pesticide use, which has a negative impact on the environment and our bodies. Whether or not GM food is safe to eat, it poses a real threat to biodiversity through monopolization of the seed industry and the kind of industrial farming monoculture this inspires.
Meanwhile, a study by the University of Canterbury in England found that non-GM crops in America and Europe are increasing their yields faster than GM crops.
"All this talk about feeding the world, it's really PR," explains Wenonah Hauter, executive director of Food & Water Watch. "The hope is to get into these new markets, force farmers to pay for seed, then start changing the food and eating habits of the developing world."
But as much as he hates GM, Kansas farmer Stephens is sanguine. "I've seen changes since I was little to where it is now," he says. "I don't think it will last. This land and these people here have gone through cycles of boom and bust. We're just in another cycle, and it will be something different."
Providing we don't irreparably break it first.
Additional reporting by Sara Ventiera.
If you want GMO foods labeled in Florida please sign. http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/label-genetically-engineered-4
90% support labeling...so why doesn't it exist? Montanso money. Washington could be the first large state to impose mandatory GMO labeling this fall if a ballot initiative succeeds! Support GMO labeling in Washington State


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Royal Highland Show 2008
FG has a round-up of the news and livestock results from the Royal Highland Show 2008.
Pictures by Marcello Garbagnoliand Adrian Legg
Livestock Shows
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Making a good cup of coffee is an art that is simple to achieve. Here are some tips to help you make the perfect coffee:
The Coffee
Pre-ground coffee can be used and should be stored in an air tight container, in a cool, dry area.
Pre-ground coffee should not be kept longer than 1 week as flavor will diminish. Do not refrigerate or freeze.
Whole coffee beans, freshly ground just before use are recommended. Coffee beans should be stored in an air-tight container, in a cool, dry area, but should not be kept for longer than 1 month as flavor will diminish. Do not refrigerate of freeze.
Water Flow
When brewing coffee, make sure the water flows through the coffee filter at the correct rate.
If the water flow is too slow the coffee will be over extracted and will be very dark and bitter, with a mottled and uneven crema on top.
If the water flow is too fast, the coffee will be under extracted – the optimal flavor will not develop, the coffee will be watery and lack the thick crema on the top.
The water flow can be adjusted by varying the pressure that the coffee is tamped (pressed down) in the filter or by changing the grind of coffee.
The Grind
If using pre-ground coffee, ensure an espresso grind suitable for espresso machines is purchased.
If grinding coffee beans, the grind should be fine but not too fine or powdery. The grind will affect the rate at which the water flows through the coffee in the filter and therefore the taste of the coffee.
If the grind is too fine (looks like powder and feels like flour when rubbed between fingers), the water will not flow through the coffee even when under pressure. The resulting coffee will be over extracted, too dark and bitter, with a mottled or uneven crema on top.
If the grind is too course, the water will flow through the coffee too quickly. This will result in an under extracted coffee lacking in flavor and without the thick crema on the top layer of the coffee.
Tamping The Coffee
After measuring the ground coffee into the filter it must be tamped (pressed down). The ground coffee should be tamped quite firmly.
If the coffee is not tamped firmly enough, the water will flow through the coffee too quickly and the coffee will be under extracted. If the coffee is tamped too firmly however, the water will flow through coffee too slowly and the coffee will be over extracted.
The taste of your coffee will, of course, depend on personal p[reference and on many other factors such as type of coffee bean used, the coarseness or fineness of the grind and the tamping pressure.
By experimenting by varying these factors you will achieve the coffee taste of your preference.


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Tha BossMack TopSoil Live at tha Temple Bar in Santa Monica, California.
Tha BossMack TopSoil in association with Project Live & RK Entertainment Group was live at the Temple Bar this past friday night 03142008 hosting Fresh Fridays. Fresh Fridays is an event thats scheduled to go down every 2nd friday of tha Month until further notice.
Tha undaground Hip-Hop group U-N-I was in tha building representing Inglewood to tha fullest. Now for tha record tha BossMack TopSoil has been fucken with U-N-I since I saw these niggas open with El Prez at a Teedra Moses Concert this summer. What I like about these Niggas is tha fact that they are different, in a landscape where Gansta shit rules over good music, these niggas dare to be different. I bump a song from they myspace page almost every morning called "It's a Beautiful Day", cause if you read my blog on tha regular, I'm trying to have a beautiful day every fucken day.
U-N-I's Thursday & Y-O showing love for BossMack Streetwear
U-N-I in my opinion represents a new movement in Hip-Hop right now that I'm really feeling, a movement that includes groups like Pacific Division, The Cool Kids, Kid Sister and Lupe Fiasco. It's groups making music about regular life and rocking hot gear, specifically hot sneakers that are hard to get.
So if you into real Hip-Hop you need to check these Niggas out, I meant to cop they album at tha show but I got caught up talking to bitches and blowing purple in tha parking lot. If you wanna see tha BossMack TopSoil Live or you wanna just check out a clever club situation come thru on April 11, 2008 for tha next Fresh Fridays event at The Temple Bar in Santa Monica, California. Tha next show will feature performances from Pacific Division, Black Spade and a hot new group from tha ATL hoping to pick up where OutKast left off, Proton.
Now as far as U-N-I performace, I felt like they did a very tight show, I can definitely tell these niggas practice a lot. You can check out some of their peformance in tha clip I posted. They come with good energy & chemistry, tha only disappointment I had with tha show was when one of tha bitches that they had with them refused to come on stage during a song, which was like a song for bitches. Tha reason it pissed me off was because I was outside tha club when them Niggas was getting tha same bitches in for free, I thought to myself "They should have left them bitches outside", I still took a picture with them bitches tho, they was Arizona Bitches trying to get they Hollywood on.
Tha BossMack TopSoil Live @ The Temple Bar off Parton Silver


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"We liked this invitation because of the clear cut message it sends. It goes against the traditional wedding invitation in just about every way. We like that we were able to customize the text to read how we wanted and we weren't stuck with the one that came. The free colors were limited, but we were able to make them work for us without paying for a custom color. They are thick and hefty and the printing is very professionally done. We can't wait to send them out and get the reactions of the recipients."
"Such a beautiful invitation! I love the purple and white on black--it makes it so elegant. We went with the envelopements and love the way they turned out. One thing to remember is to put the tape on the back of the invitation itself, not on the envelopment, as this is the only way the invitation will stay in place."
"I thought this was very well organized and so easy to read! It's got a very 20's/ Great Gatsby vibe. Just make sure you like gold glitter, although not real glitter, those sparkles really stand out."
"I absolutely love my invitations. I was able to customize them easily and add specific instructions that were carried out precisely. The quality is superb and the design is so crisp. I only had 3 people looked at them so far and everyone bought they were gorgeous."
"We received our lovely invitations, and was så happy with both the design, layout and quality. Our guests has made so many positive remarks on our invitations. I love the fact that the design is powerful and light at the same time."


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Senior Member
My first Fan-Fiction ever so it'll probably get edited a lot. ================================================== ================================================== === Ezreal stepped off the summoning platform, into the cool, breezy air of Summoners Rift. Alongside him were his 4 allies: Jax, Fizz, Dr. Mundo, and Thresh. They all approached the shop containing Runeterra's finest weapons. "What would you like, champion?" asked the shopkeeper in a monotone voice. "A Dorans and a potion of health. And a scrying orb." "475, if you will." As Ezreal paid the shopkeeper, he and Thresh set out eastward along a small forest path. As they walked, there was a sudden explosion and a pillar of flame shot upward near the middle of the rift. They could faintly hear a whirling sound, followed by several thuds. Ezreal and Thresh ran, dodging in and out of brush, to the middle. There they saw Jax standing over the body of Brand. A monotone female voice, that seemed to come from the sky, stated "First Blood." He leaned against a pine, and took a shot from a flask made from crystal. Jax shoved his newly-acquired gold into his pocket and spun. Right where he was standing a spear thudded into the thick trunk of the pine. Standing near them on the middle of the path was a large warrior, holding a spear and a wide circular shield. Ezreal fired a shot of mystic energy at the warrior. He held up his shield and laughed. The warrior, known as Pantheon, had no humor when a well-thrown hook from Thresh pulled him under the stone tower on the side of the path. A blinding blue light arced at Pantheon and he fell still. Thresh approached the body and looted the money. He also took a small orb of light, that seemed to move on the inside. "Yes, this one will do nicely. The first soul is always special, yes it is." cackled Thresh. ================================================== ================================================== = To maybe be continued. -MGG


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Love is always spelled with the same four letters. Show your support for all kinds of love with this groovydesign <3
As seen on twolofbees.com
My name is Josh. In addition to being an avid photographer, I also do art for twolofbees.com
More about me can be found on my website J Bush Productions
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text: TOP 10 Top 10 Better Man 2009 Men's Movie Awards Winners Back to Top ▲ 2009 Men's Movie Awards Winners 5 Funniest Bastard: Robert Downey Jr. in Tropic Thunder Share on Facebook Share on Twitter 0 Shares DreamWorks The past 12 months provided us with two examples of how comedy can handle racial stereotypes: 1) Mike Myers' Indians-are-funny-because-they're-crazy approach; and 2) Robert Downey Jr.'s satirical look at the treatment of blacks in mainstream films. And judging from the overwhelming number of votes Downey received in this category compared to the overwhelming number of votes Myers received in the Most Embarrassing Male category, it becomes clear that base-level racial humor has gone the way of the fart joke (coincidentally, another Myers staple). Next Page TOP 6 5 4 3 2 1 Comments Show Comments More Like This Promoted Around the Web Special Features