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Commentary: Shuji Wins ... Score a big one for all inventive technologists the world over, who know precisely what needs to be accomplished and are willing to put in the years of hard work and dedication required to achieve their goals. Shuji Nakamura's court win of 20 billion yen (USA $188.7 million at... Jump down to the full story
January 30, 2004...After a long battle in the courts, Professor Shuji Nakamura of the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) has won an especially large settlement for his breakthrough work in the development of blue spectrum LEDs based on Group III Nitride materials. The work was originally performed during Shuji Nakamura's tenure at Nichia Corporation in Anan, Japan, where he was employed as an engineer from 1979 until 1999, the key blue spectrum patents having been originally established by Shuji, using his affiliation with Nichia, in the mid 1990s. The Japanese court award was for 20 billion Japanese yen ($188 million USA), the amount originally sought by Shuji Nakamura when filing his suit in August of 2001.
According to initial coverage in Japan via the Nikkei wire service, the size of Nichia at the time the work was done, and the lack of a clearcut holder of the actual patents involved, was a key issue. The Japanese court concluded that Nichia, which is headquartered in Anan, in the relatively remote Tokushima Prefecture, has subsequently earned 120.8 billion yen in royalties for the work initiated by Shuji Nakamura. The ruling is being considered by the international technology community as a huge triumph for the actual individual "inventor" behind a subsequently successful technology. In this case, the technology involved is based on Group III Nitride materials, aka "the blue spectrum," and a technology we specifically champion in CompoundSemi News and Nitride News.
Specifically, the court ruled that "an inventor's remuneration in the transfer of the patent should be based on his contribution to the invention," and thereby assessed that Shuji had contributed approximately 50% to the production of the original blue LED device, and therefore, that he should receive 60.4 billion yen in past compensation. Presiding over the suit was Japan's Judge Ryoichi Mimura who was quoted as saying, when handing down the ruling, that Shuji Nakamura deserved that amount because ''the invention was a totally rare example of a world-class invention achieved by the inventor's individual ability and unique ideas in a poor research environment at a small company.'' The ruling was immediately appealed by Nichia to the Tokyo High Court. Responding to questions from the Japanese press, Shuji Nakamura commented that he assumed the case will go to the Japanese Supreme Court.
While our coverage of Shuji Nakamura's incredible career dates back to 1995, for the benefit of our press colleagues in the mainstream technology and business press, an online archive of news relating to Shuji and to Nichia complete online coverage dating back to 2000 is available via the Nichia article search on CompoundSemi Online. Any and all of this information may be used by the press, and we would appreciate appropriate attribution. Shuji Nakamura is very well known to the compound semi community, and in addition to the many international technology honors he has received over the years for his breakthrough work in blue spectrum LEDs and laser diodes, he was presented CompoundSemi Online's first Pioneer Award at Blue 2003 in Dallas last summer. In 1999, just prior to his departure from Nichia, he conducted our original Nitride 101 workshop, which was videotaped and well-viewed internationally, included an on-camera interview relating his history of invention. This news first reported Friday. For follow-up information and an indepth editorial and historical perspective on this news, see our Feb 1 editorial, "Shuji Wins."
February 1, 2004...Emcore Corporation of Somerset, New Jersey USA and Corona Optical Systems of Lombard, Illinois USA have announced that they have signed a cross licensing agreement for parallel optical transmitters and receivers. The agreement provides Emcore an exclusive license to manufacture and sell Corona's OptoCube 40 parallel optical transmitter and receiver modules. In return, Corona has obtained a license to manufacture and sell Emcore's Model 9512 twelve-channel parallel optical receiver and transmitter modules. The primary applications for these respective modules are distributed optical back planes, arrayed serial links at OC-48 and higher speeds, and optical ribbon cable for high-speed, logic-to-logic data links. Parallel optical modules are increasingly being used in high-speed computing, data communications, storage area networking and telecommunications applications. Bryan Gregory, Corona's Chief Marketing Officer and Founder, stated, "Coronas alliance with a quality company like EMCORE furthers our goal of fully supporting our customers needs while continuing to bring exciting and innovative technology to market. Adding to that, Emcore's Hong Hou, VP of Emcore's Fiber Optics division in Albuquerque (and California) said, The OptoCube 40 is an excellent addition to Emcore's portfolio given its small, compact size. Our agreement with Corona allows us to offer the same performance and quality that is featured in the 9512 family in a low-profile form factor. This agreement further demonstrates Emcore's commitment to our parallel optics product family. By having both products in our portfolio, Emcore continues to position itself as a dominant player for fiber optic solutions in the enterprise space." Company news release
February 1, 2004...There has been considerable consolidation in the USA defense industry, and some exceedingly large contracts going to them with the current USA administration's emphasis on defense buildup. And to score those lucrative contracts, we see that some of the big names are working even more closely than usual. Lockheed Martin, for example, has announced that they have selected Northrop Grumman Corporation (which now includes most of the old TRW) as LocMar's teammate in the competition to develop the Space Based Radar (SBR) system for the U.S. Air Force. The Space Based Radar mission is geared to providing worldwide, on demand, "persistent surveillance and reconnaissance for Department of Defense and national intelligence users." Scheduled for initial launch is in 2012, and the SBR system is slated to grow to a constellation of spacecraft to provide rapid-revisit coverage of the entire Earth's surface. Lockheed Martin Space Systems will lead the effort as the system prime contractor, while Northrop Grumman will serve as Lockheed Martin's primary teammate and subcontractor. Lockheed Martin has been under contract to the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center since December 2002 to perform trade studies and define alternative concepts for the SBR system. For those tracking these type defense contracts, extensive details on SBR are included in the company news release
February 1, 2004...Many of our readers were closely associated with Nortel Networks. Some still are. Nortel, which at its peak had 95,000 employees, today has only about 35.500 now, and in an interview recently with Nortel CEO Frank Dunn, the leader of this once powerhouse telecom company told Reuters that the percentage of revenue Nortel earns outside the United States is likely to grow in the coming year. Dunn said that demand from Europe for third-generation wireless phone service is likely shift more of its sales there. "We have a very big presence in North America, but we've invested a lot of effort into Asia and into Europe," the chief executive told Reuters in an interview. "You're going see us be more balanced. Right now we have about 52 percent of our revenue in the USA I think you're going to start to see, even though the USA is going to be a strong market ... that percentage come down." Dunn also said that the positive results recently posted by Nortel, moving into recovery, equated to him that he no longer had to run the business with the main focus on cutting jobs to cope with falling demand caused by the bursting of the tech bubble. "If it's a good business case to put more investment and more people in, I'll do it. If it doesn't make sense right now I won't do it. That's how I'm doing it. I don't have an overall plan to grow headcount or reduce headcount." As we reported recently, Nortel is negotiating with contract electronics manufacturer Flextronics International Ltd. to further divest manufacturing operations in Canada, Brazil, Northern Ireland and France.
February 1, 2004...As we all know, Silicon Valley has been especially hard hit during the downturn, but according to Reuters what they're calling "the San Francisco area" which includes Silicon Valley, is recovering. According to the report, the San Francisco Bay area's economy is slowly on the mend and will add some jobs this year, reversing sharp declines in local payrolls during the high-technology slump. The report did note that the tech-heavy area's job growth will, however, continue to lag that of a more economically diverse southern California. According to analysts quoted in the report, "the adjacent world-famous high-tech hub of Silicon Valley will add about 17,000 new jobs to local payrolls this year, followed by 33,000 new jobs in 2005." These numbers came out of a forecast issued by the Association of Bay Area Governments which also noted that the region lost 62,000 jobs last year and shed 268,000 between the end of 2000 and the end of last year. The nine-county region's high-tech industry, which boasts scores of venture-capital-backed startups and major tech companies such as Hewlett-Packard Co., Intel Corp., and eBay Inc., shed about one-third of its employees in recent years, said Paul Fassinger, research director at the ABAG. "You never get those particular jobs back, but you get other high-tech jobs to replace them," Fassinger said.
February 1, 2004...II-VI Incorporated of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA has appointed Dr. Vincent D. (Chuck) Mattera, Jr. as Vice President and General Manager of the company's Compound Semiconductor Group. Chuck will oversee the Company's eV PRODUCTS division, Wide Bandgap Materials Group and Advanced Materials Development Center, which will now be collectively referred to as the Company's Compound Semiconductor Group. Specifically, Chuck will be responsible for the Group's technical direction, product roadmap, manufacturing strategy and operational performance. "I am pleased and excited that Chuck Mattera has joined the II-VI team," said Dr. Carl Johnson, Chairman and CEO of II-VI Incorporated. Dr. Johnson added, "Chuck's extensive experience in the R&D and manufacturing of compound semiconductor materials and devices will help to focus the drive by our eV PRODUCTS division and Wide Bandgap Materials Group toward marketplace leadership." Dr. Mattera began his career as a member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1984 and later became VP of Lucent Technologies' Optoelectronic Devices Organization. From 2001 until 2003, he held the position of Vice President and General Manager of the Optoelectronics Division at Agere Systems. Dr. Mattera received a Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry from the University of Rhode Island and a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Brown University. FYI, note that the new boilerplate for II-VI underscores that their Wide Bandgap Materials (WBG) group "manufactures and markets single crystal silicon carbide substrates for use in the solid-state lighting, wireless infrastructure, RF electronics and power switching industries." Company news release.
February 1, 2004...Cree, Inc., of Durham, North Carolina USA, had expanded their family of SiC Schottky diode products by announcing two new Zero Recovery Schottky diodes to its power device product family: a 300 Volt diode, in both 10 Amp and 20 Amp versions, and a 1200 Volt diode, also in 10 Amp and 20 Amp versions. These devices are offered in industry standard TO-220 and TO-247 packages. Target applications for the 300V devices are for output rectifiers and power factor correction in power supplies, and for the 1200V devices as anti-parallel diodes for high frequency inverters and snubber diodes for high current IGBT inverters. The new SiC Schottky diodes will offer the same benefits as Cree's other SiC rectifiers, including faster switching speeds and reductions in circuit size and complexity, yielding a higher power density for compact power supplies in high performance applications. Dr. John Palmour, Crees Executive Vice President, Advanced Devices stated, "Our investment in R&D has enabled us to continue to expand our Schottky diode product offerings for applications requiring either higher or lower voltages than our 600 V products, as well as higher operating currents. We believe these devices will provide customers with a range of products to permit the implementation of smaller, more efficient power systems." Company news release
January 28, 2004...High power laser diode maker, nLight Photonics of Vancouver, Washington USA, has raised $12 million in its third round of financing. This funding was led by a consortium of previous investors including: Adams Capital Management; Menlo Ventures; Mohr, Davidow Ventures; and Oak Investment Partners. nLight has developed solid traction in all the key market segments, remarked Bill Ericson, General Partner at Mohr, Davidow Ventures. The company has an expanding list of customers and revenues; there are great economic drivers to migrate to high-power diode lasers in many applications, so the addressable market for these products continues to grow. Adding to this, Scott Keeney, President and CEO of nLight said, "This caps off a very successful year where sales have grown substantially driven by our industry leading performance. In addition to this funding, we have also won very important contracts from the Department of Defense that will allow us to continue to drive improvements in efficiency, reliability and cost. Funded in 2000, nLight specializes in 630nm to 1600nm lasers and focus specifically on improved beam quality. Company news release
January 28, 2004...Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH of Regensburg, Germany, a leader in the creation and integration of HB-LEDs, is also making its presence known as a leading supplier of laser diodes. The company is at Photonics West this week in San Jose, California USA, showing off their most recent advancements in materials and design that have have been incorporated into what Osram Opto is calling "a new generation of single-quantum-well (SQW) laser diodes," which they feel exhibit outstanding electro-optical and thermal-mechanical properties. The SQW laser diodes are extremely robust and resistant to thermal fatigue, thus are favored in welding type applications. These cutting edge lasers (literally) include a lower laser threshold (up to 25% lower) and a 15% increase in operating efficiency, relative to conventional laser diodes. Among the products to be featured at the Osram Opto booth are their new high power laser bar in a new OEM package (SPL LG81), and new red laser diodes (SPL CG65) that have an optical output of 0.5 W and a wavelength of 650 nm. Produced in Osram Opto's new InGaAIP material system, these red LDs are targeted at an increasing number of medical applications, including photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment, ophthalmology, and dermatology. And for those keeping close track of Osram Opto, the wholly owned subsidiary of Osram, in FY 2003, the subsidiary had 3,285 employees who produced sales totaling EURO 392 million. Company news release
January 28, 2004...No, they're not building a plant off planet, yet, but Boeing's Spectrolab in Sylmar, California USA is helping the USA's NASA in its efforts to determine if Mars will be suitable as a planet worth tapping for its natural resources. It seems the high efficiency, triple junction solar cells that are powering the latest Mars exploration vehicles are manufactured by Spectrolab. On January 14th, Spectrolab announced their advanced, compound semi-based triple junction cells are providing the power to Spirit, the NASA-built spacecraft that landed on Mars on January 4 to explore the red planet. Spectrolab solar cells are also powering NASAs Opportunity rover, which successfully landed on Mars January 24. Were proud to be part of the Spirit mission, in part because it continues Spectrolabs already solid track record of producing power on interplanetary missions to Mars, said David Lillington, president of Spectrolab. Mars Global Surveyor, now entering its third year of conducting critical monitoring of Martian weather patterns, is powered by Spectrolab solar cells. And Spectrolab multi-junction solar cells generated solar power from beyond Mars orbit aboard the NEAR spacecraft, which reached the furthest distance from the sun than any solar array has traveled. For those unfamiliar with how triple junction solar cells function, excellent descriptions and details are included in the company news release.
January 28, 2004...Sanyo Electric Company is not only jumping on the DVD/HDD blue laser-based bandwagon, but they're helping lead the parade by leveraging their experience in red laser diodes. On January 19th, Sanyo outlined their plans to significantly raise their production output of DVD recordable optical pickups, a key device for the expanding the DVD recordable drive market. Sanyo's total market research calculations for DVD recordable drives, including IT and AV use, were 5.5 million units in fiscal year 2002, 30 million units in FY 2003 and 66 million units in FY 2004. According to Sanyo, in order to meet what they see as "brisk demand," the company intends to ramp their production capacity of DVD recordable optical pickups. In FY 2002 that production rate was 1.6 million units and moved rapidly to 15 million units, and projected output for FY 2004 will be 35 million units. Also in FY 2004, Sanyo plans to start production for AV use DVD recordable optical pickups, which they project will go to 250 million units for FY 2004. The company made a capital investment of 9 billion yen in FY 2003 and is increasing that to 13 billion yen in FY 2004 to finance the ramp. Most important of all to the advanced laser diode community, is Sanyo's note that they intend to continue and further develop their core competency of blue spectrum laser technology for the next generation of high storage capacity disks. Company news release
Our news features are reported by the CompoundSemi News staff writers. For submissions or content suggestions, you can contact us using editor -at - compoundsemi.com For more information and to reserve promotion space contact Info7 -at - compoundsemi.com or call +1 (512) 257-9888
February 1, 2004...Score a big one for all inventive technologists the world over, who know precisely what needs to be accomplished and are willing to put in the years of hard work and dedication required to achieve their goals. Shuji Nakamura's court win of 20 billion yen (USA $188.7 million at that day's exchange rate) on Friday, January 30th in Japan, awarded to him by Judge Ryoichi Mimura, represents only a fraction of what the judge said was his rightful due. Nichia was judged to have earned royalties of approximately 120.8 billion yen and noted in this precedent-setting case, that Shuji contributed 50% to the production of that original blue spectrum device, and should therefore receive 60.4 billion yen. 20 billion yen was all he asked for. But like so many technology champions, he's never been in it for the money.
Judge Ryoichi Mimura's most notable quote, explaining his ruling, was that ''the invention was a totally rare example of a world-class invention achieved by the inventor's individual ability and unique ideas in a poor research environment at a small company.'' The blue spectrum work that altered the course of compound semi technology, and subsequently the lighting and solid state laser industries, was undertaken in what amounted to a technology void, throughout the 1980s and 1990s, in the remote Japanese city of Anan, in the Tokushima Prefecture. Nichia, which was established in classic style immediately following WW II to help bring jobs to the Prefecture, had been firmly rooted in old world technology before Shuji came to work for them in 1975. His vision and hard work, which involved creating his own MOCVD tool to get the results he wanted out of GaN-based material, has since totally changed the face of Nichia and allowed it to become the world leader in blue spectrum LEDs and laser diodes that it is today.
First off Shuji's homebrew tool came the Blue LED, which he made brighter and brighter and made it last longer and longer. Then came all the other hues in the blue spectrum... green, violet, ultraviolet, and ultimately, the white LED. Then came the industry's premier solid state blue laser. The technology world was first stunned by the accomplishment, then they all jumped on the Group III Nitride bandwagon, which has been rolling toward prominence ever since. Then the blue spectrum IP disputes began, and in 1999, Shuji left Nichia, under trying circumstances, and moved to the USA to become a professor at the University of California at Santa Barbara, where he is now employed and continues his brilliant Nitride-based research.
News of Shuji's unprecedented court win, the largest in Japanese history and probably one of the largest in the world, even though a fraction of what was deemed to be his due, is being regarded as a huge moral victory for all technology innovators everywhere. Past, present, and future. When the news reached the USA early Friday, USA time, the emails and calls started coming in. This was one of those times when news made in Asia literally and figuratively woke up Americans. By close of business Friday, coast to coast USA time, the compound semi community who tuned in set out to spend the weekend toasting Shuji. So Superbowl Weekend had a double meaning for Americans this year, especially those in the Nakamura Lab at UCSB, and especially for those of us throughout the world who have become his longtime friends and colleagues. The feeling was an especially good cap to his friends in Asia, where almost everyone was completing the long Lunar New Year holidays. What a way to kick off a new year!
At the annual Strategies In Light (SIL) conference this week in California, Tuesday and Wednesday, Shuji's victory will likely be quantified and qualified and woven in and out of conversations, and the importance and ramifications of his contributions revealed in more detail. The bottomline always comes out the same. With Shuji guiding blue light breakthroughs by literally setting initial standards of growth of such brighter, longer life blue spectrum LEDs and LDs, the HB-LED business wouldn't be where it is today.
Where is the business today and where is it headed? Strategies Unlimited's Bob Steele and consultant Bob Walker will report details and numbers you can count on. They've just come off detailed interviews and assessments and hard calculations and it looks like HB-LEDs (all colors) will reach well above $5 billion in the 2008 timeframe. We'll be reporting exact numbers Thursday, after they're reported in person to the +300 attendees at SIL... the industry's truly premier gathering of the HB-LED industry. These two market prognosticators will share with everyone an update again at our Blue 2004 gathering in Taiwan in May. Bob Walker is serving as co-chair of the event and Bob Steele is our keynote speaker. While the Nitride blue spectrum devices are the stars of the show, we'll be covering all the HB-LED field and all the leading edge laser diodes, especially the blue lasers going into next gen HD-DVDs and hard drives.
Who are the leaders? Shuji put Nichia in the lead and Nichia, which remains a critically important company in the field, continues to lead the pack in blue spectrum LEDs and LDs. Cree is about the only other company to specialize specifically in blue, covering both as well. In the USA, along with Cree is Lumileds, which provides the best of the best in all colors of HB-LEDs, with Toyoda Gosei in Japan and Osram Opto in Germany in the same overall league. Although not all are doing LDs, they have all become masters of the blue spectrum. But the most impressive, overall buildup in HB-LEDs of all colors, including the blues, is in Taiwan. There are now over 250 MOCVD tools in place in Taiwan. Steve Cummins of Veeco will shed more light at SIL in his talk which closes the proceedings, detailing the huge contribution these reactors have made, and will continue to make, on the world market.
Talk at SIL, and at Blue 2004 will likely include the question "is this a precedent-setting decision for all technologists and inventors? In Japan, and possibly in other countries outside the USA, definitely! But would such a court award be reached in the USA for a technologist who was employed at the time? According to the first wave of legal friends who have checked in, like Steve Smith of Brinks Hofer Gilson & Lione in Chicago, Illinois who not only specializes in IP issues, but himself was a noted compound semi industry technologist before becoming a lawyer, "the way the laws are structured here versus the structure there, an inventor would not win. Once, in the USA, when the inventor assigns the invention to the company and/or depending upon the employee agreement, there is not much of a chance for the inventor to ever win. They would have to prove a very heavy burden that they were taken advantage of. At the very least there has to be some sort of inequitable behavior on the part of the company. And that is very hard for an 'employee' to prove." So don't go getting your hopes up. That's probably why so many USA inventors tend to now form their own companies. That route is getting especially popular with university professors.
Did anyone really believe, back in the early 1990s, that the business would grow this large, so quickly? We had our hunches. I had the absolute privilege and honor to be the technology journalist that broke Shuji's blue spectrum story in the USA, which, as a freelancer at the time, I wrote for EE Times. I first met Shuji at an IEDM meet just after he'd gotten his initial blue LED working. It was his first formal presentation in the USA and I was the only journalist who attended his session. When he flashed the sample blue LED, thanks to all the briefing I'd had in the years proceeding from my USA, Russian, and European wide bandgap research friends, I truly understood what Shuji had accomplished... almost single-handedly, and against incredible hurdles. That's why what he has contributed to science and technology is considered by many, myself included, to be Nobel Prize-worthy. And that's why Shuji was our selection for our initial CompoundSemi Pioneer Award at the original Blue event in 2003.
In that IEDM audience, during Q&A, when most questions focused on the intricacies of growing GaN LEDs to make them bright enough in green, blue, violet, ultraviolet, and thus paving the way to white, I helped put the capper on the session by publicly asking Shuji if, since he'd reached such impressive brightness levels and lifetimes, could the elusive blue laser be far behind? He smiled, gave a short, but optimistic answer, and we began a trusting friendship. Ever since, he's taken part in every live blue spectrum-related event I've organized and I've tried to report any news relating to his IP and personal litigation struggles, his departure from Nichia, and his subsequent affiliation with UCSB, with clarity and accuracy.
Like Shuji, I am enamored with the blue laser. While I fully appreciate the blue spectrum LED sector, the blue laser is a story of the scientists' classic "Holy Grail." That story... call it the uncovering of the very Soul of a New Technology... is one that now has an incredible hook. How could any new technology be so important that it yields the lone inventive technologist a whopping $188 million? And do it the hard way... through the courts, and after 25 years of literally slaving away, to make that technology live up to expectations.
I'm not a technologist, but I sincerely appreciate their work. Enough to make their missions my missions. I've been prodded to write the blue spectrum story from my personal, eyewitness viewpoint. And I will. My "Life in the Laser Lane" has been memorable and exciting, but only because I've been able to know the technologists, like Shuji, themselves. They bring passion to their fields, so it's easy for me to be equally passionate. They've been patient and stayed focused, because all technologies take years, usually one's entire lifetime, to come to fruition. So it's easy for me to be patient and focused in rolling out "their story."
And in case you weren't personally part of the story, trust me. You're going to love this one. And if Shuji continues to triumph through the appeals process which Nichia has begun, which may well take this case to the Japanese Supreme Court, it's an even more compelling story because it has such a happy ending for the Master of the Blue Spectrum, Shuji Nakamura.
If you have news or views to share about the compound semiconductor, LED or solid state lighting industries contact our Publisher, Tom Griffiths His direct tel in Austin is +1-512-257-9888


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Vialone Nano is one of the most typical Italian rice varieties. This rice is grown in the province of Biella in northern Italy's Piedmont region. Vialone Nano is an absorbent rice that stands up to cooking well. It is traditionally used for both risotto dishes and desserts.
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South Dakota native Randy Halverson shot this time-lapse video, "Horizons"! The images are both beautiful and breath-taking! Enjoy
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English Teachers wanted
Vacancy closed!
Unfortunately this vacancy is no longer open. Please contact a member of staff if you require assistance.
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Spartan ERV Concludes Annual Sales Training Conference
MIAMI, Feb. 7, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Spartan ERV (Emergency Response Vehicles), a business unit of Spartan Motors, Inc. (Nasdaq:SPAR), hosted its annual Sales Training Conference Sunday-Wednesday, Feb. 3-6. The annual Sales Training Conference is a critical component in the training of Spartan ERV's dealers and sales managers. The attendees discuss current innovations as well as learn about other planned product introductions in various training classes. Spartan ERV recognized 10 dealers during the event in Miami, Fla., as well as celebrated the success from 2012.
Dennis Schneider, President, Spartan Emergency Response, opened the week by thanking the dealers for their support in 2012, which resulted in an increase in orders (units). "Last year was a very good year for us at Spartan ERV," Schneider said. "Looking ahead, our joint venture with Gimaex will allow us to sell even more products in more markets. Also, we have seen a great response for our Advanced Protection System, as over 70% of orders now include the system."
Spartan ERV Vice President of Sales and Marketing Bill Doebler echoed Schneider's statements with the dealers. Doebler recapped 2012 and talked about the company's direction moving into 2013 and beyond. "Thank you all for your continued commitment to the Spartan ERV brand," Doebler said. "At Spartan ERV, your vision and strategy help us to better align ourselves to be more competitive in the market. We value each and every one of your ideas and suggestions for how to better position this company for years to come."
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[SI-LIST] Re: Quarter wavelength transmission lines
- From: jrbarnes@xxxxxxxxxxx
- To: richard2636@xxxxxxxxxx, si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:20:48 -0500
Rich, A quarter-wave transmission line acts as an impedance transformer: * With a transmission line having impedance Zo, * Terminated at one end by impedance ZL, * The other end of the line will see an impedance of (Zo * Zo) / ZL. If you terminate a quarter-wave transmission line in a short circuit, the other end will look like an open. Quarter-wave stubs are used a lot in waveguides, for example, to provide mechanical support without electrically loading down the signals. John Barnes KS4GL Advisory Engineer Lexmark International ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: http://www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List archives are viewable at: http://www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu
Other related posts:
- » [SI-LIST] Quarter wavelength transmission lines
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You can participate in our poll over to the right. Participants can have their choice of one or more of the 4 currently available SkyRun Stickers. Stickers are free at any SkyRun location or fill out the following online form and we'll mail you as many as you want. Stickers are a large 4"x3" printed on quality glossy paper.


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Melissa Gets Nostalgic in Her New Season, Welcomes Her First Guests
by Sarah De Heer in Food Network Chef, Shows, July 12th, 2012
Melissa d'Arabian is returning this Sunday to Food Network with an all-new season of Ten Dollar Dinners, and her fans are in for a treat. We sat down with the queen of creative, budget-friendly eats to talk about the new season, her first guests and even a couple of little-known facts about herself.
What are you looking forward to the most with this new season?
MD: Ten Dollar Dinners has become sort of an accidental diary of my life. I prepare six months in advance for every season I tape and since I don't see them until they air, they become a snapshot of my life.
This season was really inspired by my childhood — the time I spent in Tucson, Arizona and San Diego, California Since moving back to San Diego last year, I think it's reawakened that part of my life. It's a celebration of my childhood and the memories that were created around food. For example, this season I make homemade tortillas, arroz con pollo and empanadas, which we made all the time when I was growing up. There will always be a part of me on the plate this season.
I can honestly say this season was the most fun to shoot. Even though it was hard work, it was so gratifying.
I heard a rumor that you welcomed your first guests on the show this year. Can you share with us who that was?
MD: My kids! My two oldest girls, Valentine and Charlotte, cooked a delicious brunch with me — the twins, Margaux and Oceane, and my husband, Philippe, sat down toward the end of the episode to eat with us.
To have them come to the set, which they call the New York playroom, was just so exciting for them and so special for me. They ran around Food Network studios — they couldn't have loved it more. They even got their hair and makeup done and got to see all the clothes and jewelry.
It was great to share that experience with them. When they're not with me, I travel with some of their stuffed animals. When I'm filming, I'll place them somewhere on the set so when my kids are watching, they try and find their stuffed animals. It's the "Where's Waldo?" of Ten Dollar Dinners.
Little-known facts about Melissa:
1. Her first national TV experience was a small role on General Hospital
2. Living in L.A., it's common to be on game shows (and a good way to make some extra money) and when she was in her twenties, she was on two: Hollywood Squares and The Dating Game
3. Goat cheese — she won't eat it.
4. She worked on cruise ships originally as a purser. But one night when one of the singers got sick, she found herself filling in and singing "We Are the World" in the Mediterranean. She later became a part of the entertainment staff.
5. She wants to be on Dancing with the Stars. Her husband is a great dancer and she says, "I don't dance as well. So it's my dream to dance better. I could be good — I'm a quick study."
Mark your calendars for Sunday, July 15 at 10am/9c to catch the season premiere of Ten Dollar Dinners.
Stay up-to-date with Melissa by visiting her Facebook and Twitter pages. You can also pre-order a copy of her debut cookbook, Ten Dollar Dinners, right now.
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Comments (
30 )-
I am so excited to watch your new season, especially after hearing you speak this past weekend in St. Louis. You are such an inspiration to women everywhere. Also, I love your fennel and cabbage slaw and have made it for 3 different cookouts/potlucks this summer. LITB!
Congratulations on your new season. You may be the last remaining informative program that acturally demontrates REAL FOOD PREPERATION remaining on the Food Network I better set my DVD recorder before the network moves you to the Cooking Channel. So dissappointed they moved hungry girl, secrets of a restraunt chef, etc off the regular weekend programing. I miss Chef Alex. Where are all the cooking shows on FN for people like me – beginner cooks!!! I dont like cookbooks, I need to see someone demonstrate and teach me how to cook real food.
I love your show, Melissa. I have not ever had a bad recipe from you and my favorite is the couscous with dried apricots. I can't quit eating it. Eager for the new cook book and I will see you in Costa Mesa, CA in August. Hey, I like Jeffery too but you are the bomb and should have won because having you in my home is like having a friend over. A lot of cooks can cook, but not all can make the connection you do, like Bobby and Alex. Bon season!
I don't know what planet you all live on, but there is no way that any of those dinners can be made by only spending ten dollars on one person, let alone 4.
Hi Melissa. I have to say that I happened to be downloading your recipe for Garlicy Swiss Chard today and I noticed it was one of yours, so that got me started looking for more. You see, you were my sister Katy's roommate back at Georgetown and of course we were all happy to hear that you have your own show now. Complimenti! So I have to say that although I haven't tried cooking any of your recipes yet, they all sound lovely, my favorite recipe so far is the one that you served when I was visiting Katy, I believe it was a whole roasted chicken with fresh whole herbs and roasted veggies on the side. You certainly had the signs of being a great cook back then and I wish you the best of luck on your bright new career! Maria
I dont know where to post this but it has to be said…. FOODNETWORK get a oriental chef on foodnetwork tv… I want to learn how to cook my favorite Chinese dishes!!!! It hasn't been done yet and I am waiting impatiently! lol
I think Melissa d'Arabian is a total genius; every time I watch her, I learn something new, some tip or technique; and her suggestions on how to save money are genius too! The "manager's special" red tag thing really exists! you need a freezer tho! She's my favorite food network person.
Some cable companies broadcast the HD versions of programming on the east coast time slot with the SD version being broadcast in its normal timeslot. This only impacts cable networks and does not change local programming. Thanks.
Many of the channel's personalities routinely pull double duty hosting both daytime and nighttime programming and the channel regularly offers specials which typically either follow its personalities on working vacations, or bring together a number of personalities for a themed cooking event. Thanks.
The company aims to take greater advantage of the new wave of media growth that is occurring today in the international marketplace, as many countries rebuild their telecommunications infrastructures. Thanks.
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Ice Core Gateway |
Access Data: | Listed by Project | Listed by Data Type | Search (Free Text) | Search by Variable, PI, More |
Taylor Dome Ice Core |
Click here to download Taylor Dome data |
Taylor Dome is a local ice-accumulation area that is part of the East Antarctic ice sheet.
It is a ridge about 20 by 80 km just inland of the Transantarctic Mountains
and provides ice to outlet glaciers entering Taylor Valley and McMurdo Sound.
Deep drilling at Taylor Dome successfully reached bedrock at a depth of 554 meters during the 1993-1994 austral summer season at latitude 77°47'47'' S, longitude 158°43'26'' E, elevation 2365 m above sea level. The Taylor Dome ice core is only the second core (after Vostok) to provide a stratigraphically undisturbed record through the entire last glacial cycle (that is, the last 130,000 years or more) It has the advantage over many other Antarctic cores in being relatively shallow (554 meters), meaning that gas bubbles trapped in the ice have not reached pressures sufficient to cause significant clathrate formation, even for ice that is pre-Holocene (greater than ~11,000 years) in age. This has enabled researchers to obtain what are likely the best CO2 and delta 13C of CO2 measurements ever made of the ancient atmosphere. References: Sowers, T., R.B. Alley, and J. Jubenville, 2003, Ice Core Records of Atmospheric N2O Covering the Last 106,000 Years, Science, Volume 301, Number 5635, pp. 945-948, Aug 15 2003. Steig EJ, Morse DL, Waddington ED, Stuiver M, Grootes PM, Mayewski PM, Whitlow SI, Twickler MS. Wisconsinan and Holocene climate history from an ice core at Taylor Dome, western Ross Embayment, Antarctica. Geografiska Annaler (in press). Morse DL, Waddington ED, Marshall HP, Neumann TA, Steig EJ, Dibb JE, Winebrenner DP, Arthern RJ. Accumulation rate measurements at Taylor Dome, East Antarctica: Techniques and Strategies for mass balance measurements in polar environments. Geografiska Annaler (in press). Stuiver M, Grootes PM. GISP2 - Taylor Dome oxygen isotope ratios. Quaternary Research in press. Fischer H, Wahlen M, Smith J, Mastoianni D, Deck B. Ice core records of atmospheric CO2 around the last three glacial terminations. Science 283: 1712-1714 (1999). Indermühle A, Stocker TF, Joos F, Fischer H, Smith HJ, Wahlen M, Deck M, Mastroianni D, Tschumi J, Blunier T, Meyer R, Stauffer B. Holocene carbon-cycle dynamics based on CO2 trapped in ice at Taylor Dome, Antarctica. Nature 398: 121-126 (1999). Steig EJ, Hart CP, White JWC, Cunningham WL, Davis MD, Saltzman ES. Changes in climate, ocean and ice sheet conditions in the Ross Embayment at 6 ka. Annals of Glaciology 27: 305-310 (1998). Steig EJ, Brook EJ, White JWC, Sucher CM, Bender ML, Lehman SJ, Morse DL, Waddington ED, Clow GD. Synchronous climate changes in Antarctica and the North Atlantic. Science 282 (5386), 92-95 (1998). Morse DL, Waddington ED & Steig EJ. Ice age storm trajectories inferred from radar stratigraphy at Taylor Dome, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 25, 3383-3386 (1998). Steig EJ, Morse DL, Waddington ED, Polissar PJ. Using the sunspot cycle to date ice cores. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 163-166 (1998). White JWC, Steig EJ. Timing is everything in a game of two hemispheres. Nature 394: 717-718 (1998). Cressie, N. Transect-spacing design of ice cores on the Antarctic continent. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 26: 405-418 (1998). Waddington ED, Clow GD. Warming in South Victoria Land, Antarctica, from borehole thermometry. EOS Transactions 78: F41 (1997). Stager JC, Mayewski PA. Abrupt early to mid-Holocene climate transition registered at the equator and the poles. Science 276: 1834-1836. Steig EJ. How well can we parameterize past accumulation rates in polar ice sheets? Annals of Glaciology 25: 418-422 (1997). Morse DL. Glacier geophysics at Taylor Dome, Antarctica. Ph.D. thesis, Geophysics Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (1997). Steig EJ. Beryllium-10 in the Taylor Dome ice core: applications to Antarctic glaciology and paleoclimatology. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (1996). Clow GD, Saltus RW, Waddington ED. New high-precision borehole-temperature logging system used at GISP2, Greenland, and Taylor Dome, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42: 576-584 (1996). Clow GD and Waddington ED. Acquisition of borehole temperature measurements from Taylor Dome and the Dry Valleys for paleoclimate reconstruction. Antarctic Journal of the United States 31: 71-72 (1996). Mayewski PA, Twickler MS, Whitlow SI, Meeker LD, Yang Q, Thomas J, Kreutz K, Grootes PM, Morse DL, Steig EJ, Waddington ED, Saltzman E, Whung P-Y, Taylor K. Climate Change During the Last Deglaciation in Antarctica. Science 272: 1636-1638 (1996). Steig EJ, Polissar PJ, Stuiver M, Finkel RC, Grootes PM. Large amplitude solar modulation cycles of 10-Be in Antarctica: implications for atmospheric mixing processes and interpretation of the ice core record. Geophysical Research Letters 25: 523-526 (1996). Steig EJ, Polissar P, Stuiver M. Cosmogenic isotope concentrations at Taylor Dome. Antarctic Journal of the United States 30: 95-97 (1995). Fitzpatrick J. Physical properties of the Taylor Dome ice core. EOS Transactions 75 (44): 225 (1994). Grootes PM, Steig EJ, Stuiver M, Waddington ED, Morse DL. A new ice core record from Taylor Dome, Antarctica. EOS Transactions 75 225 (1994). Grootes PM, Steig EJ, Stuiver M. Taylor Ice-Dome Study 1993/1994: An ice core to bedrock. Antarctic Journal of the United States 29: 79-81 (1994). Malaize B, Bender ML, Luz, B, Sucher C, Grootes PM, Steig EJ. Chronology of the Taylor Dome ice core based on the del 18-O of O2 in trapped air. EOS Transactions 75: 226 (1994). Steig EJ, Grootes PM. First measurements of the solar modulation cycle in 10Be concentrations in Antarctica: implications for use of 10Be as an indicator of snow accumulation rates. EOS Transactions 75 213 (1994). Waddington ED, Grootes PM, Denton GH, Drewry DJ. Naming antarctic features to avoid ambiguity: name of Taylor/McMurdo Dome ice core site resolved. Antarctic Journal of the United States 29: 9-11 (1994). Waddington ED, Morse DL. Spatial variations of local climate at Taylor Dome, Antarctica: impications for paleoclimate from ice cores. Annals of Glaciology 20: 219-225 (1994). Waddington ED, Grootes PM, Denton GH, Drewry DJ. Comment on "Antarctic drill extracts new core for climate studies" EOS 75: 573 (1994). Waddington ED, Morse DL, Clow GD. Glacier geophysical studies at Taylor Dome: Year 4. Antarctic Journal of the United States 29: 82-84 (1994). Morse DL, Waddington ED. Glacier geophysical studies for an ice core site at Taylor Dome: year three. Antarctic Journal of the United States 28 67-69 (1993). Waddington ED, Morse DL, Grootes PM, Steig EJ. The connection between ice dynamics and paleoclimate from ice cores: a study of Taylor Dome, Antarctica. In Peltier WR, ed., Ice in the Climate System, NATO ASI Series I12: 499-516 (1993). Morse DL, Waddington ED. Glacier geophysical studies for an ice-core site at Taylor Dome: year two. Antarctic Journal of the United States 27: 59-61 (1992). Grootes PM, Steig EJ. Taylor Dome ice-core study. Antarctic Journal of the United States 27: 57-58 (1992). Grootes PM, Steig EJ, Massey C. "Taylor Ice-Dome" study: reconnaissance 1990-1991. Antarctic Journal of the United States 26: 69-71. Waddington ED, Morse, DL, Balise MJ, Firestone J. 1991. Glacier geophysical studies for an ice core site at Taylor Dome. Antarctic Journal of the United States 26: 71-73 (1991). |
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/icecore/antarctica/taylor/taylor.html Downloaded Saturday, 28-Feb-2015 23:44:58 EST Last Updated Wednesday, 20-Aug-2008 11:24:22 EDT by email@example.com Please see the Paleoclimatology Contact Page or the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments. |


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The Anonymous Christian According To Karl Rahner Theology Religion Essay
Before we go into talking about Karl Rahner's idea of the anonymous Christian, let me tell you some about Karl Rahner himself. Most of my information about Karl Rahner comes from the Karl Rahner Society. Karl Rahner was born in Freiburg, Germany on March 5, 1904 and died in Innsbruck, Austria, March 30, 1984. In 1922, Rahner entered the Jesuit order and he was soon one of the most influential Roman Catholic theologians in the Vatican II era. He wrote many essays that covered a broad range of topics. Most of these essays were on what concerned the Catholics from the 1940's to the 1980's. His essays provided many resources for both academic and pastoral theology.
Karl Rahner was very popular in his native German-speaking countries. He became so popular through his teaching, lectures, editorial labors and membership in learned societies. He was published in international publications like Concilium and he had a large collection of works 1651 publications. Rahner also enjoyed a positive reception of his contributions by many Protestant thinkers. Rahner's influence became more evident after his service as an official papal theological expert from1960 to 1965 before and during the Second Vatican Council.
The term "anonymous Christian" was thought up by Karl Rahner in an attempt to explain how non-Christians could still be saved by the Passion, Death and Resurrection of Christ. To better understand how Rahner arrives at his concept of the anonymous Christian, it is important to first understand the basis of Rahner's ideas. Karl Rahner was greatly influenced by Immanuel Kant and two contemporary Thomists, Joseph Maréchal and Pierre Rousselot. Maréchal and Rousselot were said to play a major role in the influence Rahner's understanding of Thomas Aquinas.
The basis of Rahner's thoughts comes from his belief of "God's self-communication." Rahner's first two books were Spirit in the Word and Hearer of the Word. Through these books and in Rahner's essays, it shows his way of thinking and believing. Rahner believes that God is in all things and he shows a deep devotion to Jesus and the Catholic doctrine.
Rahner talks about the anonymous Christian in an interview provided to Rev. Norman Wong Cheong Sau in an article titled Karl Rahner's Concepts of the 'Anonymous Christian' an Inclusivist View of Religions; in this article, Rahner provided his personal definition of an anonymous Christian:
"We prefer the terminology according to which a man is called 'anonymous Christian' who on the one hand has de facto accepted of his freedom this gracious self-offering on God's part through faith, hope and love, while on the other he is absolutely not yet a Christian at the social level (through baptism and membership of the Church) or in the sense of having consciously objectified his Christianity to himself in his own mind (by explicit Christian faith resulting from having hearkened to the explicit message.) We might therefore, put it as follows: the 'anonymous Christian' in our sense of the term is the pagan after the beginning of the Christian mission, who lives in the state of Christ's grace through faith, hope, and love, yet who has no explicit knowledge of the fact that his life is orientated in grace-given salvation to Jesus Christ."
In another interview with the State of Catholic Theology Today, Karl Rahner answers a question about his "anonymous Christian" idea.
Interviewer: Tell us something about your ideas on what you call anonymous Christianity.
Rahner: "Anonymous Christianity means that a person lives in the grace of God and attains salvation outside of explicitly constituted Christianity… Let us say, a Buddhist monk… who, because he follows his conscience, attains salvation and lives in the grace of God; of him I must say that he is an anonymous Christian; if not, I would have to presuppose that there is a genuine path to salvation that really attains that goal, but that simply has nothing to do with Jesus Christ. But I cannot do that. And so, if I hold if everyone depends upon Jesus Christ for salvation, and if at the same time I hold that many live in the world who have not expressly recognized Jesus Christ, then there remains in my opinion nothing else but to take up this postulate of an anonymous Christianity."
A non-anonymous Christian is someone who has accepted Christ into their lives. Someone who lives with the grace of God's grace, love, hope and understanding. A person who declares themselves a Christian is someone who has been baptized and lives by God's laws. Rahner basis his belief in the anonymous Christian as someone who lives a Christian lifestyle, but has not yet declared himself a true Christian.
According to Rahner, to declare yourself a true Christian, you must be baptized, attend mass, and pray in the traditional standard way. A true Christian should live in a Christ like manner and follow God's laws. This type of person declares themselves a Christian in every way possible: the way they talk, the way they pray, and their absolution from original sin. Think of Mother Teresa, she would be a good example of a declared Christian. She followed God's words and teachings and accepted Jesus in her life. Rahner accepts the idea that there is more than one way to reach God. He says through Jesus is only but one way. Gandi can be an example of an anonymous Christian. Although, he did not call himself a Christian by name, he lived in a Christ like manner. Gandhi followed his religion faithfully and lived by God's laws.
On page 75 of the Rahner Reader there is a quote that describes how Gandhi could be called an anonymous Christian, "The mind of even the anonymous Christian is raised to the supernatural order by the grace of Christ, philosophy is not purely "secular" activity. The best of modern philosophy should be considered the self-reflection of a mind to which God has revealed himself implicitly through his grace." Through Gandhi's self-awareness and through his though process, he has Christian like beliefs. Though Gandhi is not a declared Christian, he would be considered an anonymous Christian because his lifestyle and beliefs brought him into the grace of God.
Can just anyone become an anonymous Christian?? The answer is yes, but the answer to this question is also based on a person's beliefs, their way of thinking, and their supernatural salvation. God denies no man. God's grace is open to all men, according to Rahner. Jesus Christ died on the cross for all men's salvation. Even the ones who don't realize it will still be saved. This must mean that the non-Christians who end up in heaven must have received the grace of Christ without their realizing it. Again, this is where we get the term, "Anonymous Christian."
This idea and thinking can cause some mind-boggling issues. Upon doing my research on this subject on the internet, I came across some other people's point of view on the subject. The main question that really stood out to me was "If I am going to be saved anyway, then why should I convert to Christianity?" While this is a good question and made me do some further research. When you take a minute and actually think about the question at hand, it is a horrible way for someone to think. Yes, you will probably get into heaven anyway because Jesus already died on the cross for our sins, but wouldn't you want to convert to Christianity to give yourself an even better chance of getting into heaven?? And there again, it all depends on the person and their personal beliefs.
The Catholic Church believes that, although Christ is the Saviour of the human race, a person does not have to know him personally to be saved. I think Rahner is just trying to get that message across to people through his works and his idea of the "anonymous Christian." Salvation can only come through Christ, but God makes offers of salvation to non-Christians through their culture and own religion. Those who accept this offer are these "anonymous Christians." Rahner says that even though they are not aware of Christ, they are saved by accepting God's supernatural offer of grace through Christ.
I can believe in this. If someone shows that they are a good person and does good things for themselves and other people (Think back to Gandhi and Mother Teresa) then I believe they will get into heaven regardless of their religion. I believe this because God sees that they are good people and that they have accepted God's grace (knowingly or un-knowingly) into their lives. A person's actions determine whether or no they are worthy of God's grace. The world is full of anonymous Christians. Some are people we walk by everyday.
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Beyond #1
- Posted by Johanna on July 15, 2006 at 5:00 pm
- Category: Superhero Reviews
- PUBLISHER: Marvel
Great character bits and dialogue, but I expected nothing less from writer Dwayne McDuffie. He's the reason I tried Beyond #1, because the video-game-style plot — random heroes and villains are picked by aliens to fight — isn't at all my speed. (I'm told that it's similar to Secret Wars, but I wouldn't know.) McDuffie, though, even makes me want to seek out issues of the Gravity miniseries, because in just a few pages he makes the character seem like more than an Invincible … well, let's call it homage.
Scott Kolins' art, with the right coloring (in this case by Paul Mounts), creates a full, touchable world. That helps ground the reader in a situation where both they and the characters are unsure of what's going on. (That's intentional, that the reader should be wondering about the situation, not bad writing. Sad that I have to point it out, but that's superhero comics today.) Gravity's a good choice for a reader-stand-in character who legitimately has to have everyone introduced to him and asks expository questions.
A fascinating mix of characters — from old, well-known favorites Wasp and Spider-Man to little-known (at least to me) Firebird and The Hood (remember him from the Brian K. Vaughan miniseries?) — provides a wide blend of personalities, while a truly stunning cliffhanger leaves the reader begging for the next issue now, please.
5 Responses to "Beyond #1"
- James Schee Says:
July 15, 2006 at 6:29 PMOoh I loved The Hood miniseries, so I'll have to check out the collection for this.
- Lyle Says:
July 16, 2006 at 12:39 AMI've been meaning to write about Gravity, having just read the digest. I'm not familiar with Invincible, but Gravity was essentially a 'small town boy with big dreams experiences shell shock when he goes to the big city' story. I like Sean McKeever's character work, so this one was worth the money, at least for someone unfamiliar with a similar concept.
- Johanna Says:
July 16, 2006 at 7:32 AMLyle, I look forward to seeing your comments — sounds like I misjudged the character.
- Sean Says:
July 18, 2006 at 7:00 PMI liked Gravity's intro miniseries. Is "Beyond!" his only other appearance to date?
- Johanna Says:
July 19, 2006 at 6:36 AMAccording to this page, he also appeared in the Marvel Holiday Special (I remember that, it was cute) and several issues of Marvel Team-Up.


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Author Bio Full Name: Lois Ann Lowry Pen Name: Lowis Lowry Date of Birth: March 20, 1937 Place of Birth: Honolulu, Hawaii Brief Life Story: Lois Lowry was born Lois Ann Hammersburg, the second of three children. After moving with her family to New York, Pennsylvania, and Japan, she attended high school in Staten Island, New York and in 1954 began college at Brown. At age 19, Lowry left Brown to marry Donald Lowry, a U.S. Navy officer. After having four children, she eventually completed her B.A. in English at the University of Maine in 1972. During her studies she was introduced to photography, which became a life-long hobby and profession. When an editor at Houghton Mifflin read an article Lowry had written for Redbook to accompany some of her photos, she encouraged Lowry to write a children's book, and A Summer to Die was published in 1977. Lowry and her husband divorced that same year, and she began to write full-time. She has published numerous books, including her most famous, The Giver, in 1993. Key Facts Full Title: The Giver Genre: Dystopian novel Setting: A managed community in a futuristic society. The community is cut off from the outside world, which is referred to as "elsewhere." Climax: Jonas learns that when his father "releases" newchildren, he actually kills them. Jonas decides to leave the community. Antagonist: Jonas's community and its system of Sameness Point of View: Third-person limited, through Jonas's eyes Historical and Literary Context When Written: Early 1990s Where Written: Maine When Published: April 16, 1993 Literary Period: Contemporary Related Literary Works: In the genre of the Utopian novel, which gets its name from Sir Thomas More's 1516 book Utopia, an author describes an ideal society in order to criticize his own society. In a Dystopian novel, an author imagines the worst possible society as a way to criticize their current world. The Giver is a dystopian novel that imagines a future community whose citizens have sacrificed free choice, individuality, and true emotion for stability. The Giver resembles Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, a satirical novel also about a society in which the citizens have given up their freedom for the guarantee of happiness. The loudspeakers that serve as the voice of authority in the community and the surveillance of citizens by the committee of elders in The Giver are reminiscent of Big Brother in George Orwell's 1984. Related Historical Events: Lowry wrote The Giver during the period of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, when Serbian forces attempted to rid the country of Muslims. At the same time, a debate was raging in the U.S. over the practice of euthanasia by Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Lowry's novel explores each of these developments in its treatment of outsiders, intolerance, societal perfection, and physician-assisted suicide. Extra Credit Awards: The Giver won the 1994 Newbery Medal, considered the most prestigious award for children's literature. Banned Book: Although The Giver tops countless school reading lists, it has also been banned by some schools, which claim that some of the material, like euthanasia and suicide, is inappropriate for children. One of Three: Lowry has written two more books set in the world of The Giver and including some of the characters from The Giver. The three books together are often described as a "loose trilogy." The second book in the series is Gathering Blue and was published in 2000. The third, The Messenger, was published in 2004. |


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Billed as Devon''s Funkiest Festival! This one's held in various venues across Exeter - it brings you Dancers, Musicians, Jazz, Soul, Funk, Reggae, Poetry, Lectures, Dub, Hip-Hop, Grime, Nu-Jazz, Ska, Deep Funk, Boogaloo, Latin, Space-Age Pop, DJ's, VJ's. Visual Artistes, Breaks, Electro, Films, Workshops, Record Fairs, Workshops, D'n'B, MC's.
Venues used include The Angel, Bikeshed Theatre, Cavern Club, Cellar Door, Exeter Corn Exchange, Mama Stones, Mc's Café Bar, The Monkey Suit, Old Firehouse, The Picturehouse, The River Church and Timepiece.
The line up includes Dreadzone, Son of Dave, Larry Miller, Craig Charles Funk & Soul Show, Lee Scratch Perry, Tcha Limberger's Budapest Gypsy Orchestra and Salsa Celtica.
Ticket prices depend on event - they can be bought from host venues and from local outlets - Link here


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April 23, 2008 Blog Post: Google Search Results Missing from OneBox He's apparently making a come back, rumours of a tour are afoot... would be awesome if he paid homage to the cause of his recent rebirth by pulling a reverse Rick-Roll and sending someone else on stage at one of his gigs. April 24, 2008 1 0 Rick Astley makes ME cry... so the first set of results are an error surely? April 24, 2008 1 0
March 21, 2008 Blog Post: Roundup Thursday for the Week of 3/16/08 I'm wondering what the 'something horrible' was that Jane showed you that distracted you so? March 26, 2008 1 0


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Patsy L. (Kuntzsch) Edsall
Published on -1/15/2013, 4:07 PM
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Patsy L. (Kuntzsch) Edsall, 72, Hays, died Saturday, Jan. 12, 2013, at Hays Medical Center.
She was born May 19, 1940, in Russell to William H. and Margaret E. (Reddig) Kuntzsch. She grew up and attended school in Russell.
She married Fridolin N. Braun on Sept. 16, 1956, in Victoria. He preceded her in death Aug. 13, 1988. She later married Daniel Edsall on May 25, 1996, in Russell. He preceded her in death Nov. 29, 2011. She lived in Victoria, Luray and, after she retired, moved to Hays in 1998. She was homemaker and a cook and owned Mrs. B's restaurant in Luray for a few years. She cooked at the old Linmar's restaurant and the former Ramada Inn, both in Hays.
She enjoyed fishing, crocheting, her family, grandchildren and was an avid video game player.
Survivors include a son, Fred Braun and wife, La Donna, Bunker Hill; three daughters, Sharon Rupp, Park City, Karen Riedel and husband, Lloyd, and Connie Pemberton and husband, Del, all of Hays; four brothers, Bill Kuntzsch and wife, Mary, Kenneth Kuntzsch and wife, Linda, all of Russell, James Kuntzsch and wife, Joyce, Dorrance, and Dennis Kuntzsch and wife, Sheryl, Palco; a sister, Norma Acheson, Russell; a sister-in-law, Paula Kuntzsch, Russell; 10 grandchildren, Danielle Bornholdt and husband, John, B.J. Rupp and wife, Dena, Amanda Sander and husband, Bob, Lindsay Ricker and husband, Rustin, Nathan Riedel, Josh Pemberton, Jennifer Klaus, Nichol Braun, Alexander Braun and Hannah Braun; and nine great-grandchildren, Laine Werth, Kinley Rupp, Madisyn Rupp, Emersyn Sander, Chasey Wasinger, Gunnison Ricker, Nicholas Kohler, Kenadee Kohler and Samantha Rollins.
She was preceded in death by her parents; a brother, John Kuntzsch; two sisters, Peggy Heckens and Nancy Wallace; and two infant sisters, Betty and Dixie Kuntzsch.
Private family services were at Cline's Mortuary of Hays, 1919 E. 22nd, Hays, KS 67601; inurnment in St. Joseph Cemetery, Hays.
Memorials are suggested to Wounded Warrior Project, P.O. Box 758517, Topeka, KS 66675, in care of the mortuary.
Condolences can be sent via email to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Could you pass the test?
Many Roman Catholics should thank the saints they have never had their faith tested by Rose Andrachuk.
In January, Ms. Andrachuk, an Immigration & Refugee Board adjudicator, decided a refugee applicant's knowledge of Catholicism put in doubt his claim to being a convert and she did not believe he would face religious prejudice if he were returned to China.
Mao Qin Wang said he had become a Catholic in 2007 by joining an underground parish. But after a series of skill-testing questions Ms. Andrachuk decided he was not the real deal.
"I find, on a balance of probabilities, that the claimant is not and never was a genuine practicing Roman Catholic," she wrote.
"I find that the claimant's level of knowledge of the Catholic faith is not commensurate with someone who has been a Roman Catholic for three years."
During Mr. Wang's 2010 hearing he was able to describe the liturgy of the mass from beginning to end (amazing!), but flubbed a question on the introductory rites.He knew John baptized Jesus and Mary was Jesus' mother. However, he couldn't identify Mary's parents — names, by the way, that appear nowhere in the New Testament and knowledge of which is hardly crucial to being a good Catholic.
He was able to explain the rosary, list the seven sacraments and some books of the Old Testament, though apparently he was not sure what they were about.
Given that most Catholics don't read the Bible much, that last feat was pretty impressive.
I have met lifelong Catholics who say they never have to go to confession (wrong), the Pope is always infallible (wrong, wrong) and the Immaculate Conception is about the birth of Jesus (wrong, wrong, wrong).


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I know many minorities that came from crappy circumstances that are now financial successes because of hard work and taking advantages if their opportunities.
Is it easy? No
But, if you are willing to put in the effort, there are opportunities out there.
Many dob't take advantage if the opportunities because they do not have the role models as parents to instill that education is the answer. That us a completely different argument. For those people, it is their parent s fault...not the system's
So you couldn't do it. Again.


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@burcidi-- Not only is alcohol diuretic, but it also reduces the excretion of uric acid from the body. I'm not a doctor but I think that alcohol is best avoided by those who are at risk of kidney stones.
Treatment of kidney stones is not very difficult. The body usually takes care of it itself. There are also herbal remedies that can relieve pain and quicken the process of passing kidney stones. I don't think alcohol will help. If anything, it will probably make things worse because of its effects on uric acid and diuretic properties.


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… so many of the things people think they want, they want because they think they can't have. And as soon as they find out they can have it, the want goes away.'
This is a short film about the nature of spiritual and material wealth. Can the two exist side by side?
Film + more at nicaskew.com/collection/god-and-the-chocolate-ice-cream/
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Bring Justin Bieber to Panama City, Fl
Have you ever wanted to go to a Justin Bieber concert? Well, If so, here is our chance! We are starting this petition to bring Bieber to Panama! We need to collect as many signatures as possible, Our goal is to reach over 2,500 signatures its going to be hard work but with your help we can get this job done. If We do reach this goal, We we personally take this petition to The Marina Civic Center In Panama City, Fl. And We'll do everything in our power to make this happen. We Need to get Justin Bieber's attention. Please support our petition, And leave a signature. Thank You.
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