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apropos, whatis and makewhatis
This month's column looks at three very useful and related commands, apropos, whatis and makewhatis. To understand why these commands are so valuable, it helps to grasp the underlying philosophy that continues to guide evolving versions of Unix, including Linux. That philosophy remains one of creating small, portable, specialized programs that perform one task well, and that can receive input from, and redirect output to, other programs.
This philosophy has created a proliferation of small, powerful, but extremely limited programs. Just do a directory listing of /usr/bin, and you'll see what I mean. And that's not all of them. You could sit down and run every one of them to see what they do. Or you could begin reading the hundreds of man pages available describing these commands. No matter which method you use to learn the commands, in the end, you'd still probably forget most of them due to the sheer volume. So how do you know which of the hundreds of programs available can do the job for you? Or which of the commands will be best suited to your particular needs? apropos and whatis come to the rescue.
Apropos, as defined by the dictionary, means "apt; relevant; suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the subject under consideration." These definitions, particularly the last one, are totally apropos. apropos will list programs with a one line synopsis of each program based on a keyword search. whatis is similar, but even more constrained; i.e., the actual command is given as the argument, rather than a keyword, so there is less output.
Before we look at how apropos can help us, we need to ensure that the database apropos uses exists and is up-to-date. Enter makewhatis. This command creates the whatis database files used by both apropos and whatis. They are located in each ../man directory and catalog the manual files in each of the individual cat? and man? subdirectories.
To create the whatis database files, you need to invoke makewhatis as the root user. Non-privileged users normally do not have write permission in the ../man directories to create the whatis database files. A second clue to the nature of makewhatis is its location. makewhatis is usually found in the /usr/sbin subdirectory, indicating its classification as a system administration program. Ordinarily only root's PATH environment variable contains the sbin directories. makewhatis may be invoked by root's crontab file and run on a recurring basis, and you may wish to include it if it isn't already there. But that is beyond the scope of this article. If you can log in only as a non-privileged user, or are sure your whatis database files exist, you may want to skip ahead to the next section. If you begin to see <keyword>: nothing appropriate, you'll need to have your system administrator run makewhatis.
Running makewhatis for the first time will take several minutes, so be patient (go have a cup of coffee). Run by itself, makewhatis will create the whatis database file in /usr/man. To ensure that all the man locations are cataloged, use the -w switch. This will read the file /etc/man.config and use the man paths it specifies. Or you may add paths following the -w switch and they will be used as well. If you are want to know which paths will be cataloged, type man --path, and you will see where /etc/man.config believes your manuals are. If you have other paths, they should be added to your man.config file.
Another makewhatis option is -c. This switch, when used alone, will catalog only the ../man/cat entries listed in man.config. Other cat subdirectories may be added following the -c switch, and they will also be cataloged.
You may, however, want only to update the whatis databases with newly added commands. Use the -u switch to update the database files. This switch reads the time of the whatis database file and adds those manual pages created or updated since.
If you want to know what makewhatis is doing, add the -v switch, and you will see each man directory entered and each command as it is added to the list. Each switch used with makewhatis should be separated by a space and preceded by a hyphen; the switches cannot be combined. makewhatis does have one weakness: if your system does not have sufficient RAM and virtual memory, makewhatis will fail. If you get an error message—and you are running makewhatis as root—add more swap space and try again.
This was an awesome article for me, as I am learning linux and found the sheer number of commands a little overwhelming. This article really give people like me a tool to help teach myself.
thanks again!
Oh, and can anyone understand what the heck the guy before me (magical enema ?) is even saying?
"apropos, whatis and makewhatis" + Windows
Do they have some thing similar to "apropos, whatis and makewhatis" on windows systems...
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I have recently bought a 2008 X Runner because I wanted a Tacoma with a V6 engine and manual transmission. I really wanted to buy a new truck but the local Toyota dealer said that the only V6 Manual was the 4 by4 off road version. I tried one and it's way too low geared in first and second for normal road use. I saw the 08 X runner on his used car lot and drove it and this has decent gear ratios. So I said that I would like a new X Runner. The dealer said no can do and I checked on the "build your own" section on the Toyota web site and it wouldn't let me specify an X Runner for Southern California delivery. Is this correct?
I presume the "intake" on the hood is just for style purposes and doesn't let any air into the engine compartment. It certainly doesn't feed any air to the engine since this air is drawn through the off side front fender.
I read the threads about the engine revs not coming down immediately when you lift of the throttle and de-clutch... like coming to rest at stop lights. My 08 does exactly the same. Idon't believe that it is intentional by Toyota I believe it must be potentiometer in the throttle pedal assembly which is sticking. Has anyone ever taken this assemblyapart?

subset: commoncrawl


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The first game of the football season is just around the corner, and to celebrate, we're diving into the record books. Count down the final 10 days before the Washington football team takes on Boise State on Aug. 31 as we get ready for the season with the help of some key statistics.
10 years since the Huskies have returned a punt for a touchdown
7 wins in each of the past three seasons
The injury bug bit the UW's offensive line hard last year, taking down would-be starters Colin Porter before the season started and then Colin Tanigawa, Erik Kohler, and Ben Riva all within the first two weeks. Due to the constant shuffling of the offensive line, pass protection was spotty at best as the Huskies allowed 38 total sacks for 237 yards.
This season, the offensive line is healthy and reaching for redemption. The Huskies only lost one starter on the offensive line from last season and have Tanigawa and Riva back at full strength. Riva switched from right tackle to left tackle this fall and had head coach Steve Sarkisian singing praises, saying the junior from Seattle has the makings of an elite NFL-type of left tackle. However, late in camp, he switched back to the right side and Micah Hatchie was listed as the starting left tackle on the UW's depth chart. Now on the No. 1 offensive line next to Hatchie projects to be Dexter Charles, followed by junior Mike Criste at center, Tanigawa at right guard, and Riva at right tackle. Tanigawa is still coming back from an ACL tear last season, so junior James Atoe has also seen reps with the first string offense at right guard.
Almost all of those linemen are redshirt juniors (Charles is a redshirt sophomore), so they've traversed the trials of college life and college football together and built up a "brotherhood," Criste said, which is the most important thing for a successful offensive line.
"I you don't have that brotherhood aspect, it's not going to work because you can't trust the guys next to you," Criste said. "I trust all those guys with my life. I'd go into a fight with them anyday if I had to."
(For his fighting partner, Criste couldn't decide between Tanigawa, whose nickname "Panda" belies his "vicious" nature, according to Criste, or the "huge" Atoe, who checks in a 6-foot-6, 335 pounds.)
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Wave Lengths in Jackson
Welcome to the web experience for Wave Lengths in Jackson. We are very happy you've dropped by! At Wave Lengths, we are a full service salon. Whether you are looking for that everyday styling solution or preparing for a special occasion, one of our many stylists are more than ready to help you look your best. Need stress relief or just want an afternoon to yourself? Try out one of our many pampering solutions where you leave the world behind... even if it's just for a couple of hours.
We are committed to providing exceptional service in a family friendly atmosphere. At Wave Lengths, it's all about you. For over 25 years, customer satisfaction has been our number one priority.
So look around our site, check out some of the new trends, and come see what we are about. If you have any questions, feel free to call us and we'll be more than happy to get you an answer.


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This is the second time in four years that Calvin Klein Inc. has looked to outsource the manufacturing and distribution side of the designer business, while maintaining control over design and marketing from its headquarters in New York.
A former licensing deal with the Mariella Burani Fashion Group, which once operated under the name Selene SpA, had initially been conceived in 1999 as a means to improve the collection's quality of construction and its European presence, but Klein bought back that license two years later during a campaign to regain centralized control of many of the company's brands.
"The whole key to this is that we are forming a strategic partnership with someone who specializes in a very specific business," said Tom Murry, president and chief operating officer of CKI. "We've done a pretty good job at production since bringing both the men's and women's businesses in-house. The quality and the execution in-house is good, but there's no way we can do the kind of job that Vestimenta can do."
The new agreement, which should be formalized by mid-March, was described by the companies as a long-term strategic partnership to manufacture and distribute the Calvin Klein women's and men's designer apparel collections on a worldwide basis, and the partners have also broached the subject of a similar arrangement for the production of Calvin Klein accessories.
The women's and men's designer lines are said to have sales in the $40 million to $50 million range, and act as a foundation for more than $3 billion in sales of licensed products.
The partnership would officially begin on Jan. 1, 2004, but prior to that, Vestimenta is expected to manufacture Klein's fall collection, which was shown in New York on Feb. 14.
The terms of the arrangement made clear that CKI would retain all responsibilities for design, marketing, advertising and public relations, as well as control over distribution, with management of the partnership to be overseen by Murry, and Vestimenta gradually taking over more responsibilities during the coming year.


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Wouldn't it be something if everyone realized that possibility is just mere fantasy, if true actualization of the reality doesn't exist.
It's like the child who wishes to be a Rock Star..but the Rock Star still wishes to be a child.
Are you not..what in-fact lies behind the mirror?
Why do humans strive to be exactly what they are not?
The truth of the matter is that .."I am..what I am" there is no definition therefore there could never be any interpretation. There is ONLY the fallacy of what has been placed upon me.
Related articles
- Wishes for 2012 (momgenerations.com)
- 2012-the Year of Rock Stars (bigpicturefinefocus.wordpress.com)


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The links below will bring you to Transit for Livable Communities' web site, TLC is on the web! You can connect with us on our blog, on Facebook, on Flickr, and even on Twitter. Our monthly newsletter now features some of the best blog pieces from the past month. Enjoy, and drop us a line with questions or thoughts! TLC Happenings... It's been a busy legislative session, as TLC and our members and allies battle to protect transit funding. As you'll read below, we could not do it without you.
To stay up-to-date about our work at the Capitol and ways you can be involved, email Michelle at email@example.com to be added to the The Capitol Line email list. Capitol Line emails will be sent every other week and with breaking news. For volunteer opportunities in your area, join our Let's Go volunteer network! Members receive the Let's Go email highlighting volunteer opportunities with TLC. Email Michelle at email@example.com to join. Best of the Blog Hats Off to our Members and Allies! Thank you! TLC members and allies filled the room and testified at recent House and Senate Transportation Committee meetings, reminding legislators of the many people who use our buses and trains. Thanks too, to those who spoke at our press conference at the Capitol on March 31.Read more. Transit Cuts in House and Senate Bills Southwest Metro Transit Transit for Livable Communities staff recently visited Len Simich, the Executive Director of SouthWest Transit (SWT) to learn more about SWT services, its riders, and their concerns during these challenging economic times. Read more. BWTC Update Bicycling and Walking Counts! Bike Walk Twin Cities, a program of Transit for Livable Communities, released new data about bicycling and walking from 2007-2010. Bicycling is up 33% and walking is up 17%. With expansion of the Nice Ride Minnesota bike sharing system and many new BWTC-funded bike ways opening in 2011, the news can only get better! Read More. Interested in BWTC news? Email Amber at AmberC[at]tlcminnesota.org to be added to the Bike Walk Twin Cities E-newsletter. Upcoming Events 6th Annual Sustainable Communities Conference Sat., April 9, 8:30-4:30, Central Lutheran Church, Minneapolis, MN 500 community volunteers leading green teams with neighborhoods, transition towns, block clubs, schools, congregations and garden clubs will shard fun project ideas and hands on resources. More information Community Discussion: Transit in the SW Metro Legislators at the Capitol are proposing massive cuts to transit around the state. Join us for a presentation and discussion about the impact on Southwest Light Rail Transit and buses in Edina, St. Louis Park, Hopkins, Minnetonka and Eden Prairie. More information. Community Discussion: East Metro Transit Transit For Livable Communities is hosting this forum to facilitate discussion around public transit in Washington County. More information. The Details If you would like to subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter, please contact Amber Collett at 651-789-1416 or amberc[at]tlcminnesota.org. Also, if you have questions, comments, or story ideas, please let Amber know.
Transit for Livable Communities is a non-profit organization working to reform Minnesota's transportation system. Through advocacy, organizing, and research, we promote a balanced transportation system that encourages transit, walking, bicycling, and thoughtful development.
You are receiving this
e-mail because you are a member of Transit for Livable Communites' a group of supporters willing to do more to promote transit, walking, biking, and
transit-oriented development. Visit our website for more information on our efforts, or e-mail
Thank you!


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Bass Pro Shops Collapsible Fish Baskets
The Bass Pro Shops® Collapsible Fish Baskets are high-performing and incredibly convenient. Available in a variety of sizes, the Fish Baskets are made tough to keep fish and to help keep catch-thieving critters out. Since the baskets collapse, they can be stored virtually anywhere without taking up much space.
Standard Fish Basket
13" diameter, height 18" and 3/4" mesh. World's most famous fish basket. Finest quality.
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Jumbo Fish Basket
19" diameter, height 30" and 3/4" anodized wire. A great live box for bass. Spring-loaded access gates at top and bottom for easy loading and unloading.
Outdoor Answers
Get help about this item from fellow customers.
Ask your questions. Share your answers.
Could I use this to store bait while wading it would the mesh holes allow bait to escape?
Thank You


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Ten Fort Lauderdale Guys You've Probably Dated
Alex Markow
Fort Lauderdale is known for a few things: spring break, boats, the rich people who own the boats, the weird people who work on the boats, backward laws, and great waterfront properties. One thing it's definitely not known for: its dating scene.
While it can often seem that this city is teeming with attractive, successful young professionals, when it comes to actually dating them, we're often at a loss. Resorting to combing dating websites hardly bolsters the spirit. So what's to blame for the disconnect? Are we too busy playing drunk kickball to realize we're missing out on something real? Or are pickings really just that slim?
Every BroCo gal has compromised her ultimate needs to get some toned booty. And ain't nothing wrong with that. But so you don't feel so alone, we've put together a list of guys in the FTL area that you've probably dated, boned, or sexted.
10. The BallerFlickr: NBA_Photos Was it one of these three? If so, you made a mistake leaving.
The Baller, unlike most aspiring athletes, actually went pro. His Pembroke Pines mansion features a life-sized statue of some sort of big cat, probably a tiger. His garage has more cars than Jay Leno's. But you didn't come for the cars; you came for the muscles. Yes, the Baller's got a bod, and you've climbed him like a tree. He'll be your arm candy at a charity event where flashes light the air, but once season comes around or Drake's in town, he disappears. Besides, you don't have much in common with the Baller except that you both like Rick Ross and you both like his pecs.
9. The Rich Old GuyIf the rich old guy you dated looked like Daddy Warbucks, then you'd still be together.
You met at Morton's or maybe Bimini Boat Yard. He bought you and your girlfriend drinks from across the bar, even winked at ya. Sure, he was kind of big and definitely balding, but he had a great sense of humor and a very comfortable lifestyle. After a few steak dinners, sunset rides through the Intracoastal on his boat, and maybe even a Tiffany necklace, you had to end things, because no matter which way you looked at it, you just couldn't imagine yourself sweating up the sheets with daddy-o.
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Happy Throwback Thursday! This week we're bringing back the classic collaboration of superstar DJs Tiesto and Armin van Buuren, "Major League," with the incredible dance banger, "Wonder!" The perfect combination of progressive house, techno, and trance, "Wonder" will have you up and dancing in no time. So crank those speakers and start your weekend off right with the undeniably hypnotic "Wonder!"
All posts tagged rage
EDM Gift Guide Is Now On Radikal Records Pinterest!
There's a new board on the Radikal Records Pinterest page: an EDM Gift Guide, right in time for the holidays! Make the final rush for presents a little bit easier this year by checking out the ideas we have for everyone's ravers in their lives, and hey – maybe you can pick out a little something for yourself while your at it! You can check it out here, and make sure to let us know if we missed anything!


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codependency & personal power
August 27, 2014 by Chris Kingman
Filed under Addiction, Anxiety, Depression, Empowerment, Featured, Mental Health, OCD, Self Esteem, Self-Acceptance, Self-Compassion
Far too many people have learned to automatically and habitually give away their personal power. Without realizing what they're doing, they repeatedly idealize other people (particularly authority figures and romantic interests) and then subjugate themselves to those people. Other patterns that often accompany this codependent relational style include: Difficulty in being assertive and in advocating […]
Finding Your Sanctuary
September 19, 2013 by Debra Hennesy
Filed under ADHD, Anxiety, Bi-Polar Disorder, Depression, Empowerment, Exercise, Featured, Finding Your Voice, Freedom, Healthy Communication, Healthy Coping, Loving Your Body, Mental Health, Mindfulness, Movement, Music, OCD, Parents, PTSD, Recovery, Role Models, Self Esteem, Self-Acceptance, Self-Care, Self-Compassion, Spirituality, Stress Management, Treatment, Wellness, Writing and Poetry, Yoga and Meditation
Recently, my family and I were fortunate enough to discover The Wild Animal Sanctuary, a place in Colorado in which animals (carnivores like lions, tigers, and bears…oh my!) are rescued, often from misinformed people who attempt to keep such animals as pets. The animals are taken to an amazing facility of over 700 acres, in […]
Is yoga like stand-up comedy?
June 10, 2013 by Debra Hennesy
Filed under Addiction, ADHD, Anxiety, Bi-Polar Disorder, Body Image, Depression, Eating Disorders, Empowerment, Exercise, Expressive Arts Therapies, Fat Talk, Featured, Finding Your Voice, Healthy Coping, Loving Your Body, Males with Eating Disorders, Mental Health, Mindfulness, OCD, Parents, Prevention, PTSD, Recovery, Self Esteem, Self-Acceptance, Self-Care, Spirituality, Stress Management, Treatment, Wellness, Yoga, Yoga and Meditation, Yoga Therapy
"You're a yoga teacher? Cool…show me something really impressive!" This is a typical response when I share that I teach yoga (and teach the teachers!). I think that it must be what stand-up comedians feel when they divulge what they do, and hear the inevitable "Say something funny!" Oh, the pressure! When I get that […]
How Can You Get Through the Holidays (and Not Go Totally Insane) This Year ?
November 4, 2012 by Sharon Peterson
Filed under Anorexia, Anxiety, Athletes, Binge Eating, Body Dysmorphia, Body Image, Bulimia, Depression, Disordered Eating, Eating Disorders, EDNOS, Empowerment, Featured, Finding Your Voice, Healthy Communication, Healthy Coping, Livin in the Moment, Loving Your Body, Males with Eating Disorders, Mental Health, Mindfulness, OCD, Over-Exercise, Prevention, Recovery, Self Esteem, Self-Acceptance, Self-Care, Sharing Feelings, Stress Management, Wellness
The holidays are not relaxing and fun for everyone especially those with an eating disorder (E/D). You may dread the day when the table is completely filled and over-flowing with deliciously home cooked or catered food including the sounds of relatives and loved ones laughing and enjoying themselves. You are already obsessing about numbers, calories, […]


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Phone Skins
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Thanks, Michael. It doesn't look like much but it took forever to draw the swashes and frame and then assemble it all in Photoshop. I appreciate the comment.
Such a regal-twilight owl with all the detailed swashes and the beautiful framing. I love your attention to details...and that's certainly what makes this exceptional! xo
freaakin' awesome! some of the best work ive seen in awhile
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(CNN) — Melting snow and rain are flooding a resort town in Oregon.
Sandbags are being placed around homes in Sunriver to protect them from the runoff. Pumps are also being used to move the water out.
The National Weather Service issued a flood warning until Saturday morning. No evacuations have been ordered.


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Indigenous Use of Spinifex Resin for Hafting in North-Eastern Australia
- Owen Powell,
- Roderick J. Fensham,
- Paul Memmott
- … show all 3 hide
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Get AccessIndigenous Use of Spinifex Resin for Hafting in North-Eastern Australia
Resins and gums were an important resource for Indigenous Australians and were commonly used to haft stone blades to timber handles in the manufacture of axes, spears, knives, and adzes. Based on archival research, analysis of museum records and in situ field trials, we reconstruct the geography of historic spinifex resin use as well as other plant exudates in Queensland, eastern Australia. Results indicated that spinifex resin use was probably restricted to the semi-arid zone and north of the Tropic of Capricorn. Toward the coast and in subhumid and tropical areas, a variety of tree exudates were used. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach coupling archival research with field data, this study contributes to a better understanding of traditional plant use in Australia.
- Balick, M. and R. Mendelsohn. 2003. Assessing the economic value of traditional medicines from tropical rain forests. Conservation Biology 6:128–130. CrossRef
- Banfield, E. 1915. Banfield to Queensland Museum 19/04/1915. Ingoing Letter Correspondence. Queensland Museum Archives, Brisbane.
- Bidon, S. 1996. Useful bush plants. Western Australia Museum, Perth.
- Bird, D. W., R. B. Bird, and C. H. Parker. 2005. Aboriginal burning regimes and hunting strategies in Australia's Western Desert. Human Ecology 33:443–464. CrossRef
- Campbell, T. D. 1963. Palya—Prepared spinifex gum. Film. University of Adelaide Board for Anthropological Research, Adelaide, South Australia.
- Clark, P. A. 1986. Aboriginal use of plant exudates. Journal of the Anthropological Society of South Australia 24:3–18.
- De Graaf, M. 1967. The manufacture of spinifex gum by desert Aborigines. Western Australia Naturalist 10:116–119.
- Dieterich, K. 1920. The analysis of resins balsams and gum resins. Scott Greemwood and Son, London.
- Dorwell, T. 1915. Dorwell to Queensland Museum 8/3/1915. Ingoing Letter Correspondence. Queensland Museum Archives, Brisbane.
- Ellemore, H. 2003. White skin, black heart. 1 The politics of belonging and native title in Australia. Social and Cultural Geography 4:233–252. CrossRef
- Gamage, H. K., S. Mondal, L. Wallis, P. Memmott, D. Martin, and B. R. Wright. 2012. Indigenous and modern biomaterials derived from Triodia (spinifex) grasslands in Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 60:114–127. CrossRef
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- Keane, J. 1915. Keane to Queensland Musuem 25/6/15. Ingoing Letter Correspondence. Queensland Musuem Archives, Brisbane.
- Kimber, R. 1983. Black lightning: Aboriginals and fire in central Australia and the Western Desert. Archaeology in Oceania 18:38–45.
- Latz, P. 1995. Bushfires and bushtucker: Aboriginal plant use in central Australia. IAD Press, Alice Springs.
- Laughren, J. 1915. Laughren to Queensland Museum 14/4/1915. Ingoing Letter Correspondence. Queensland Museum Archives, Brisbane.
- Lewis, W. 2003. Pharmaceutical discoveries based on ethnomedicinal plants: 1985 to 2000 and beyond. Economic Botany 57:126–134. CrossRef
- Macneil, R. 2001. Time after time: Temporal frontiers and boundaries in colonial images of the Australian landscape. In: Colonial frontiers: Indigenous-European encounters in settler societies, ed. L. Russell, 47. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.
- Magee, J. 1915. Magee to Queensland Musuem 5/4/1915. Ingoing Letter Correspondence. Queensland Museum Archives, Brisbane.
- Maiden, J. 1890a. Spinifex resin. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of NSW 4:639–640.
- ——— 1890b. On grass-tree gum. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of NSW 5:429–444.
- ——— 1892. On panax gum. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of NSW 7:35–39.
- Mantell, C. 1949. The water-soluble gums—Their botany, sources and utilization. Economic Botany 3:3–31. CrossRef
- McCarthy, C. 1915. McCarthy to Queensland Museum 15/05/15. Ingoing Letter Correspondence. Queensland Museum Archives, Brisbane.
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- Pitman, H. 2010. Pointless spinifex? An investigation of Indigenous use of spinifex throughout Australia. Ph.D. thesis. Flinders University, Australia.
- Pitman, H. and L. Wallis. 2012. The point of spinifex: Aboriginal uses of spinifex grasses in Australia. Ethnobotany, Research and Applications 10:109–131.
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- Reynolds, H. 1995. The other side of the frontier. Penguin Books, Victoria.
- Roth, W. E. 1897. Ethnological studies among the north-west-central Queensland Aborigines. Government Printer, Brisbane.
- ———. 1904–10. North Queensland Ethnography: Bulletin. Brisbane: Government Printer.
- Rowlands, S. 2011. Entangled frontiers: Collection, display and the Queensland Museum. Journal of Australian Colonial History 13:183–206.
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- Yidarbuk, D., P. Whitehead, J. Russel-Smith, D. Jackson, C. Godjuwa, A. Fisher, P. Cooke, D. Choquenot, and J. Bowman. 2001. Fire ecology and Aboriginal land management in Central Arnhem Land, Northern Australia: A tradition of ecosystem mangement. Journal of Biogeography 28(3):325–343. CrossRef
- Title
- Indigenous Use of Spinifex Resin for Hafting in North-Eastern Australia
- Journal
Economic Botany
Volume 67, Issue 3 , pp 210-224
- Cover Date
- 2013-09-01
- 10.1007/s12231-013-9238-3
- Print ISSN
- 0013-0001
- Online ISSN
- 1874-9364
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Spinifex
- resin
- gum
- hafting
- adhesives
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Owen Powell (1)
- Roderick J. Fensham (2) (3)
- Paul Memmott (4)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Centre for Spatial Environmental Research, School of Geography Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- 2. Queensland Herbarium, Mt. Coot-tha Road, Toowong, 4066, Queensland, Australia
- 3. School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
- 4. Aboriginal Environments Research Centre, Institute for Social Sciences and School of Architecture, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia


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Detroit Lions center Dominic Raiola says he knew the risk of playing in the NFL.
With that in mind, Raiola told the Detroit Free Press that he would never sue the league for any injury incurred because it is "common knowledge" that it's just part of the game.
"It's worth it. It's totally worth it," Raiola told the newspaper on Tuesday. "This is is the best job in the world. I'd never trade it for anything, so I don't know if I could justify suing the league when I'm done, because it's given me up to this point, 11 years. Even though we've lost for 10, it's given me 11 years of fun. I have fun every time I step on the field, and I think that's what it's all about.
"When I'm at home in my rocking chair at 40, I don't think I'm going to be thinking about suing the NFL. I'm going to be thinking about those guys I played with in the locker room and, hopefully, these good years coming up."
Raiola, 33, doesn't share the same sentiment as approximately 1,000 other former players who are currently suing the league for failing to protect them from concussions.


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A pet spider Jack helps its master getting rid of mosquitos. But on its way, Jack will meet various danger. Jack should make use its intelligence and courage to conquer all the troubles.
The game features:
A healthy animal games, suitable for all ages.
Very simple operation.
Puzzle, enemies, traps, different type of obstacles challenge your skill and wisdom.
Each level has a new challenge, new surprises. The more to the back, the greater challenge.
Elastic physical system realistic.
The enemy with different levels of artificial intelligence, to bring you more surprise.


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Nov 26 2008
Looking for a Better Way in Wisconsin
An editorial in the Badger Herald expresses concern about the upcoming judicial elections in Wisconsin and argues for a better way to pick judges:
[O]ur next state Supreme Court election will indeed follow directly in the footsteps of the previous two, which gained national attention for their corrosive effect on the stature of our judicial system. Once again, the voters of Wisconsin will decide the composition of our state's highest court based on partisanship and politics, rather than qualifications and merits.
The editorial goes on to discuss the reason why Supreme Court justices should be selected in a different way than members of the legislature:
[It] comes down to the fundamental purpose they serve in a democratic government. While the Legislature is intended to act as a hired hand for the majority, the state Supreme Court serves only to interpret and enforce the respective laws of the state as well as the state and federal constitutions, regardless of what popular opinion thinks about it. In electing justices, we risk convoluting these distinct roles and in so doing, opening the door to what critics of democracy said would cause it to fail and friends feared it would produce — a tyranny of the majority.
The author criticizes the focus of judicial elections on issues that have little relevance to a Supreme Court justice's actual judicial work as well as the increasingly expensive nature of the elections and the growing participation of outside groups in the process.
The editorial concludes with a call for change and identifies Merit Selection as the best solution: "It is, quite plainly, our state's best option, and the only viable way to ensure the integrity of our state's highest court — a goal worthy of top priority."
We agree: ensuring that we use the best possible process to select our appellate judges should be a top priority of our leaders and the public. We hope it soon will be in Pennsylvania.
Tags: Badger Herald, judicial elections, Merit Selection, other states, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin


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100 things every kid should do on Long Island
From riding the historic Nunley's Carousel and going pumpkin and apple picking out East to feeding animals at the Long Island Game Farm, walking up the Fire Island Lighthouse and splashing down one of the slides at Splish Splash, one thing's for sure: there are plenty of fun things to do on Long Island! Here, 100 can't-miss experiences to do with your kids before they grow up.
Promotions, hires on Long Island
Your Instagram, Twitter snow photos
Places we loved on Long Island
Suffolk Class A final: Harborfields vs. Glenn
Nassau Class A semifinal: Roslyn vs. VSS
Nassau Class A semifinal: Floral Park vs. Carey
Nassau Class AA final: Massapequa vs Baldwin
Nassau Class A final: Wantagh vs. North Shore
Suffolk Class BC final: Hampton Bays vs. Pierson
LI's Seldin fights at Paramount
Nassau Class AA semifinal: Freeport vs. Baldwin
Suffolk Class AA semifinal: Brentwood vs. Huntington


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Bossier City, La (KMSS) — In light of the tragedy in Boston, the nation's blood supply has experienced high usage and requires additional donations. LifeShare Blood Centers is asking the community to give blood so that blood needs are met, both locally and nationally during this critical time.
Blood banks supporting the hospitals local to Boston, Mass. put out a request to other blood centers to aid in replacing the units of blood used in this tragedy, and to help them further prepare for medical needs. Blood centers throughout the U.S. work through resource sharing, particularly during times of disaster, to ensure blood is available for the victims and to replenish the supply.
Landers Dodge-Chrysler-Jeep in Bossier City is stepping up to that challenge Saturday, April 20, holding a mobile blood drive at their dealership at 2701 Benton Road in Bossier City from 11am until 3 pm.
Blood takes a minimum of 24 hours to be tested and processed before it is available for use. Trauma needs, such as the bombing in Boston, typically use a high volume of O negative blood very quickly. In addition to immediate trauma needs, often victims require more surgeries and blood usage.
"The blood donated locally with LifeShare will be available to help replenish the blood supply in Boston after our local needs are met. Being a community blood center, we must continue to be prepared for the blood requirements for medical needs in our community. This month, the local blood supply has been at a minimal level. In order to support the needs around the Boston area, we need additional blood donors and donations to ensure the local supply doesn't fall to a critical level," says Tina Hooper, spokesperson for LifeShare Blood Centers.
For center hours, to locate a convenient mobile blood drive, or to make a donation appointment, go to www.lifeshare.org or call the LifeShare location nearest you:
Bossier City (318) 742-4636 or toll-free (877) 256-4115
M/W/F 8am to 4:30pm
T/TH 11am to 7pm
SAT 8:30am to 3pm
Shreveport (318) 673-1471 or toll-free (800) 256-4483
M/W/F 8am to 4:30pm
T/TH 11am to 7pm
Texarkana (903) 794-3173 or toll-free (800) 264-5456
M/W/F 8am to 4pm
T/TH 10am to 5:30pm
SAT 8am to 1pm
Individuals receive a mini-physical prior to the donation procedure, including a check of temperature, pulse, blood pressure and iron level. Potential donors must be age 16 or older, meet height and weight requirements feel well and healthy at the time of donation, eat a good meal and increase fluid intake prior to donation. 16-year-olds must present written parent or guardian permission to donate. Donors will be asked to present identification. For more information and to schedule a blood donation or blood drive, please call your nearest LifeShare Blood Centers location.


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Coyote Ranch is host to 123 beautiful RV sites (73 pull thru and 50 back in). We have 23 Cabins and a Pacific Yurt. We have a large rally room with laundry facilities and showers. Coyote Ranch also has a large Lodge on the property and a Wedding Chapel. Our Lodge can be used for Business Meetings, Weddings, Receptions, Showers, Parties, Family Reunions, etc.
Our property is located on the southeast side of Wichita Falls, approximately ¼ mile out of the City limits. If you're traveling on Hwy 287 South coming out of Wichita Falls, you would take the Stephens Ranch Rd exit, which is just about ¼ mile east of Fisher Rd. (3 miles past the water park)
Bring your RV or rent a cabin/cottage. We offer several different options. Our prices start at $89. Come see which of our facilities or rooms best suit you.


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This is a doll that represents child labor. It's touching the fact that children can be bought so easily in countries such as India and South East Asia and are held in bondage for sweatshop labor. The poster will be a product shot of the doll in real packaging
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Does this design reflect a(n)...
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Since the photographic image is blurry, I am not able to see exactly what the contents of the package are. It does however look as though the content under the heading "Daily food" looks like animal fodder which I found to be really disturbing and patronising even though I have had the unfortunate experience to visit some sweat shops in India and China in recent years. I am also not able to determine what the contents of the package is under the heading "Daily wages".
The central concept might be relevant but the execution blurs the messages, making it impossible to provide additional constructive commentary.
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Isolation and characterization of class I MHC genes in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
- Ying Zhu,
- DanDan Sun,
- YunFa Ge,
- Bin Yu,
- YiYan Chen,
- QiuHong Wan
- … show all 6 hide
Artificial breeding is an important project to protect, recover and reintroduce endangered species. Knowledge of the population's genetic diversity at functional loci is important for the establishment of effective captive breeding programs. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are ideal candidate genetic markers to inform planned breeding, due to their high levels of polymorphism and importance in the main immune coding region of the vertebrate genome. In this study, we constructed BAC-based contigs and isolated six functional MHC class I genes from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), which we designated Aime-C, Aime-F, Aime-I, Aime-K, Aime-L and Aime-1906. Analyses of the tissue expression patterns and full-length cDNA sequences of these class I genes revealed that Aime-C, -F, -I and -L could be considered classical class I loci, due to their extensive expression patterns and normal exonic structures. In contrast, Aime-K and -1906 appeared to be nonclassical genes based on their tissue-specific expression patterns and the presence of an abnormal exon 7 in both genes. We established techniques for genotyping exons 2 and 3 of the classical loci using locus-specific single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequence analysis. In the Chengdu captive population, we identified one monomorphic locus (Aime-F) and three polymorphic loci with different numbers of alleles (4/4/4 exon 2 alleles at Aime-C/I/L and 6/5/5 exon 3 alleles at Aime-C/I/L). The distributions of the Aime-C, -I and -L alleles among members of different families were in good agreement with the known pedigree relationships, suggesting that the genotyping results are reliable. Therefore, the MHC-I genotyping techniques established in this study may provide a powerful tool for the future design of scientific breeding or release/reintroduction programs.
- Ebenhard T. Conservation breeding as a tool for saving animal species from extinction. Trends Ecol Evol, 1995, 10:438–443 CrossRef
- Seddon P J, Armstrong D P, Maloney R F. Developing the science of reintroduction biology. Conserv Biol, 2007, 21:303–312 CrossRef
- Frankham R. Genetic adaptation to captivity in species conservation programs. Mol Ecol, 2008, 17:325–333 CrossRef
- Robert A. Captive breeding genetics and reintroduction success. Biol Conserv, 2009, 142:2915–2922 CrossRef
- Chong A Y Y. Genetic variation in the MHC of the Collared peccary: A potential model for the effects of captive breeding on the MHC. Univ Sydney Undergr Res J, 2009, 1:98–116
- Sommer S. The importance of immune gene variability (MHC) in evolutionary ecology and conservation. Front Zool, 2005, 2:1–18 CrossRef
- Frankham R, Ballou J D, Briscoe D A. Introduction to Conservation Genetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002 CrossRef
- Klein J. The Natural History of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. New York: Wiley & Sons, 1986
- Xu T J, Sun Y N, Chen S L. Allelic variation, balancing selection and positive selected sites detected from MHC class I a gene of olive flounder. Genetica, 2010, 138:1251–1259 CrossRef
- Bos D H, Waldman B. Evolution by recombination and transspecies polymorphism in the MHC class I gene of Xenopus laevis. Mol Biol Evol, 2006, 23:137–143 CrossRef
- Glaberman S, Du Pasquier L, Caccone A, et al. Characterization of a nonclassical class I MHC gene in a reptile, the galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). PLoS One, 2008, 3:1–11 CrossRef
- Birch J, Codner G, Guzman E, et al. Genomic location and characterisation of nonclassical MHC class I genes in cattle. Immunogenetics, 2008, 60:267–273 CrossRef
- Piertney S, Oliver M. The evolutionary ecology of the major histocompatibility complex. Heredity, 2006, 96:7–21
- Kassiotis G, Garcia S, Simpson E, et al. Impairment of immunological memory in the absence of MHC despite survival of memory T cells. Nat Immunol, 2002, 3:244–250 CrossRef
- Bernatchez L, Landry C. MHC studies in nonmodel vertebrates: What have we learned about natural selection in 15 years? J Evol Biol, 2003, 16: 363–377 CrossRef
- Radwan J, Kawalko A, Wojcik J M, et al. MHC-DRB3 variation in a free-living population of the European bison, Bison bonasus. Mol Ecol, 2006, 16:531–540 CrossRef
- State Forestry Administration of China. The Third National Survey Report on Giant Panda in China (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press, 2006
- Xie Z, Gipps J. The 2012 International Studbook for Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Beijing: Chinese Association of Zoological Garden, 2012
- Wan Q H, Zeng C J, Ni X W, et al. Giant panda genomic data provide insight into the birth-and-death process of mammalian major histocompatibility complex class II genes. PLoS One, 2009, 4:e4147 CrossRef
- Wan Q H, Zhu L, Wu H, et al. Major histocompatibility complex class II variation in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Mol Ecol, 2006, 15:2441–2450 CrossRef
- Chen Y Y, Zhang Y Y, Zhang H M, et al. Natural selection coupled with intragenic recombination shapes diversity patterns in the major histocompatibility complex class II genes of the giant panda. J Exp Zool B (Mol Dev Evol), 2010, 314B:208–223
- Wan Q H, Zhang P, Ni X W, et al. A novel HURRAH protocol reveals high numbers of monomorphic MHC class II loci and two asymmetric multi-locus haplotypes in the Père David's Deer. PLoS One, 2011, 6:e14518 CrossRef
- Pan H J, Wan Q H, Fang S G. Molecular characterization of major histocompatibility complex class I genes from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Immunogenetics, 2008, 60:185–193 CrossRef
- Shen F J, Zhang Z H, He W, et al. Microsatellite variability reveals the necessity for genetic input from wild giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) into the captive population. Mol Ecol, 2009, 18:1061–1070 CrossRef
- Sambrook J, Russell D W. iMolecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001
- Zeng C J, Pan H J, Gong S B, et al. Giant panda BAC library construction and assembly of a 650-kb contig spanning major histocompatibility complex class II region. BMC Genomics, 2007, 8:1–10 CrossRef
- Sunnucks P, Wilson A C C, Beheregaray L B, et al. SSCP is not so difficult: The application and utility of single-stranded conformation polymorphism in evolutionary biology and molecular ecology. Mol Ecol, 2000, 9:1699–1710 CrossRef
- Bjorkman P J, Saper M A, Samraoui B, et al. The foreigh antigen bing site and T cell recognition regions of class I histocompatibility antigens. Nat Immunol, 1987, 329:512–518
- Rousset F. GENEPOP'007: A complete re-implementation of the GENEPOP software for windows and linux. Mol Ecol Resour, 2008, 8:103–106 CrossRef
- Belkhir K, Borsa P, Chikhi L, et al. Genetix version 4.05, Logiciel sous windows TM pour la Génétique des populations, Montpellier: Université de Montpellier II, 2004
- Kelley J, Walter L, Trowsdale J. Comparative genomics of major histocompatibility complexes. Immunogenetics, 2005, 56:683–695 CrossRef
- Kurtz J, Kalbe M, Aeschlimann P B, et al. Major histocompatibility complex diversity influences parasite resistance and innate immunity in sticklebacks. Proc R Soc B, 2004, 271:197–204 CrossRef
- Westerdahl H, Waldenstrom J, Hansson B, et al. Associations between malaria and MHC genes in a migratory songbird. Proc R Soc B, 2005, 272:1511–1518 CrossRef
- Spurgin L G, Richardson D S. How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and misunderstandings. Proc R Soc B, 2010, 277:979–988 CrossRef
- Title
- Isolation and characterization of class I MHC genes in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
- Open Access
- Available under Open Access This content is freely available online to anyone, anywhere at any time.
- Journal
Chinese Science Bulletin
Volume 58, Issue 18 , pp 2140-2147
- Cover Date
- 2013-06-01
- 10.1007/s11434-012-5582-4
- Print ISSN
- 1001-6538
- Online ISSN
- 1861-9541
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- giant panda
- MHC class I
- isolation
- locus-specific genotyping
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Ying Zhu (15582)
- DanDan Sun (15582)
- YunFa Ge (15582)
- Bin Yu (15582)
- YiYan Chen (15582)
- QiuHong Wan (15582)
- Author Affiliations
- 15582. The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China


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Initials In A Tree Pendant
Client wanted a heart shaped pendant and necklace that looked like initials carved into a tree.
Not sure why the photos are not in order.
Review of a Necklace and pendant
by Ken Nov 17th 2012
Professionally done and a nice quality translation of what I wanted. Quality work and a nice value for custom work! Thanks to Carolyn Nicole Designs.


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A Literary Festival Celebrating the Writer and His Works
June 6—8, 2014 • St. Francisville, Louisiana
Good food, craft beer and bourbon, live music, and a great time talking about books and Southern culture under the live oaks: That's what the inaugural Walker Percy Weekend has to offer when it celebrates the acclaimed novelist's life and work in St. Francisville, June 6—8. * Tickets are limited and selling fast. Get yours soon.
Friday Evening
• Screening of Walker Percy: A Documentary Film by Win Riley presented by Louisiana Public Broadcasting.
• Crawfish and Craft Beer in Parker Park: A gourmet crawfish boil served with a selection of Louisiana craft beers, presented by Chef Cody Carroll of Hot Tails Restaurant. 6 pm–8 pm in Parker Park. Commerce St. at Ferdinand
Saturday Morning & Afternoon
• Cinematic Catechism: Moviegoing and the Meaning of Life
In The Moviegoer Binx Bolling manages his gnawing spiritual hunger by consuming movies which tell him how to behave, and what's real. How do film, television, and media culture shape—and distort—our understanding of who we are, and what we are to do with our lives? 9:30 am–11 am Saturday, West Feliciana Court House, 4789 Prosperity St.
• Lost in the Cosmos: Is Science Enough Without Religion?
Walker Percy was troubled by "scientism," the belief that science is the only authoritative way of knowing. Science divorced from Judeo-Christian morality leads to the gas chamber, he thought. Was he an alarmist—or a prophet? 9:30 am–11 am Saturday, Temple Sinai, 4740 Prosperity St.
• Will Percy's World: Stoicism and the Southern Aristocracy
After his parents' deaths Walker Percy moved to Greenville, Mississippi, to live with his second cousin William Alexander Percy, who became his guardian. A lawyer, planter, and poet, Will Percy was a cosmopolitan man of letters whose worldview extended far beyond his Mississippi Delta hometown. How did Uncle Will's worldview influence Walker? How does Will's aristocratic Stoicism stand apart from Christianity—and how does it reflect the particularity of Southern culture? Can small Southern towns in the 21st century still produce men and women like Will Percy? 1:30 pm–3 pm Saturday, Temple Sinai, 4740 Prosperity St.
• Place and Non-Place: Walker Percy and the Search for Home
Why do we crave rootedness, yet find it so difficult to achieve? Many of Percy's characters define themselves by their places and cultures, yet struggle to live within them. What does Percy have to teach us about humanity's inherent restlessness, and whether it's possible ever to feel at home in the world? 1:30 pm–3 pm, West Feliciana Court House, 4789 Prosperity Street.
• "I Knew Walker When …" A digital recording project encouraging attendees to contribute their own experiences with Walker Percy and his writing to the LSU Libraries T. Harry Williams Center for Oral History's archive of unique stories about Louisiana's unique history and culture.
Saturday Afternoon Tours: Whimsical guided tours to sites familiar to fans of Percy's fiction.
• Entergy Nuclear Plant: A rare inside look at the River Bend Station nuclear power plant located south of St. Francisville. Participants will learn how a nuclear power plant works, see the control room simulator in action and get a close up view of the facility. 3:30 pm–5 pm. 75 capacity, first-come, first-served
• Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola: A guided bus tour of the pententiary facilities, grounds, and acclaimed Angola Museum. 2 tours: 2 pm & 3 pm, departing from the Angola Museum. 70 capacity, first-come, first-served
Saturday Evening
• Progressive Front Porch Bourbon Tour: A tour and bourbon tasting of historic front porches, inspired by Percy's essay, Bourbon, Neat. 5 pm–7 pm, Royal Street.
• Dinner in the Park: A south Louisiana feast prepared by award-winning Cajun chef Cody Carroll, a rising star in Louisiana cuisine. With music by Ben Bell & the Stardust Boys. 7 pm–10 pm in Parker Park, Commerce St. at Ferdinand.
Sunday Morning
• Mass at Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Catholic Church. 10:30 am, 9639 Sewell Street.
Thanks to Our Sponsors: Entergy • West Feliciana Historical Society • Louisiana Public Broadcasting • Country Roads Magazine • Davis Family Foundation • Sue Turner • Bank of St. Francisville • Louisiana Office of Tourism • The American Conservative • Dr. Adam Whatley • Gustaf Westfeldt McIlhenny Family Foundation • Kevin Couhig • Holly & Smith Architects • Heirloom Cuisine • The Highlands Bank • Steven G. & Linda Milam • Town of St. Francisville • Nancy Vinci • James, Anne & Libby Dart • Anne Percy Moores • Anna Macedo & Co.
Painting information: Walker Percy, 1982, oil on canvas, 40x30, by George Rodrigue (1944—2013). Collection of the artist
• For accommodation information, visit http://stfrancisville.us/lodging


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Please help me with my English Ivy problem. I'm at my wits end :(
Our backyard is being invade by English Ivy from our neighbor's yard. It is absolutely terrible. One area of the yard looks like nothing but English Ivy. It's climbing over our fence and up the trees. A gentleman at Home Depot told me buy this concentrated bottle that he said was like a generic Roundup. I bought it, mixed it, sprayed it on the ivy, but I don't see any changes. In a few areas a few leaves seem to be turning yellow, but that's about it. It's been over a week and half.
Should I go back and buy a bottle of Concentrated RoundUp? I've heard people mix dish washing detergent into it? What exactly should I mix with it and how much?
I know pulling it up would be best, but there are areas I can't even get to, and quite frankly, I'm scared of what could be hiding in those places.
I would love advice from people who've had a similar problem and were able to get rid of the English Ivy.
You have to be patient with round up (or its generic)
Also, you need some sun and warm weathey , not to rain for abouy 5 days. With recent cold an rainy weather don't expect Round Up to work overnight.
So, if I were you, I would wait for sunny warm days and check long term forcast , making sure that there wont be rain for at least 5 days, then spray them (avoid other plants/ trees) and wait for couple of weeks to see full results. repeat if necessary.
It sounds like this has been a problem for years and, unfortunately, it may take years to bring it back under control.
First I would determine where the ivy should stop (fence, wall, arbitrary wavy line in the lawn) and trench it at that point. Keep this point trimmed thereafter as one would grass from a walk.
Cut a two foot gap in the vines growing up the trees (the dead stuff in the trees will eventually fall off). Mow that which is mowable, weed whack that which is..., and then treat with brushkill or similar...every week for several weeks. The cut ends of the ivy will soak up the herbicide better than the waxy leaves. The dishwashing liquid is used to counteract the waxiness of the leaves and get the roundup to "stick". Repeat every couple of months until you get to your objective.
Be careful about getting english ivy sap on your skin; it has some of the same alkaloids as poison ivy or poison oak, just not in the same concentrations. Get enough of it on you and the difference is minimal, I assure you! Use cheap, old, and/or disposable shoes and wash clothes separately from the rest of your laundry.
This method worked very well for me on an area that had been overtaken by the stuff in Druid Hills. In bad infestations, some of the old dead limbs in trees may only be held up by the ivy; beware hanging limbs!
English Ivy has a waxy coat on mature leaves that prevents roundup from penetrating. If you can, and it isn't an easy task, run over the top of the ivy with a weed eater. Do this just to chop up the leaves and promote new growth, you don't need to hack it to the ground. When the new leaves appear they will be very light green and not have the waxy coating of the mature leaf yet. THEN spray the new leaves with an herbicide. The light green new growth can absorb the herbicide where the old growth will not.
Ortho weed be gone worked best for me on English ivy. With the fence you just have to cut it off, as close to the ground as you can. Let it die on the fence then pull down - it's a lot easier to manage when dead.
I recently moved to a new house where neighbor also has a lawn of English ivy and I haven't figure out a barrier solution. Seems English ivy plans to be my bane for life.
nippersdad - we must have posted at exactly the same time. :)
By the way, I would highly recommend knee high rubber boots when wading into the stuff. You can get them in the men's section of Walmart for $18 or the cement section of Home Depot for about the same. They rock. Steel toed and all.
Okay, I feel a bit calmer now with the suggestions. :) My plan is to get more round-up this week in preparation for a warm week. I was hoping this week would be warm, but alas, it will be quite chilly again. I'll mix the concentrated version a bit stronger and add dish washing liquid. The gentleman who mows our grass is probably coming in the next two weeks, so I'll have him mow and use the weedeater for us, and go behind him with the round-up. I think I will at least go outside tomorrow and cut the vines on the fence and on the trees at least to make them die.
The vines are coming from my neighbor's house, so I guess I'll have to always worry about it. I would at least like to grass instead of ivy though.
Thank you for your wonderful tips! :) I should take a before and after picture :P
For the Round Up to be effective, you have to have the leaveS intact. Round Up works through the leaves not stem.
The plant absorbs the chemical (which is a kind of very strong fertilizer, OR COMBINATIO) and sends some of it to the root too. And hopefully dies of thirst. That is why you spray round up when it is DRY, HOT,and SUNNY to get a bang for your buck and efforts. AS you mentioned, make it a bit stronger than recommended. Be watchfull of other plans around. If there are any, cover them or do spraying very surgically, as if you are spray painting the iovies.
If I were you , I wouldn't rush and wait for right time to get results. It is just the start of growth season.
For the Round Up to be effective, you have to have the leaveS intact. Round Up works through the leaves not stem.
cyrus, I think several folks would not agree with that. English ivy has a very tough coating and nicking the leaves with a weed whackers opens up tissue for absorption.
Here is a link that might be useful: Good link here
In the midst of all this ivy condemnation, I must offer a lonely word of praise for this maligned evergreen vine. In hindsight, perhaps the first mistake was in letting it get the upper hand to begin with. The moment it stuck its head over the commonly shared fence, a gentle clobbering of its creeping tendrils would have kept the ivy at bay.
I see no virtue in grass, unless it is in the form of clumping or running bamboo. A grass lawn? An ivy lawn?
Go with an ivy lawn to achieve labor reduction.
Go with an ivy lawn to achieve labor reduction
Ah, whose labor gets saved? Twice now I have done battle with English ivy and neither time did I plant it. In one case, the ivy outlived the person who planted it decades before. It smothered 11 acres. The work involved to get rid of it was staggering. It killed everything in it's path and the only life it supported was some nasty red centipedes.
Maybe it saved the person who planted it some labor once upon a time but it sure cost me and the forest a hefty price. Old, old trees died. :(
If you don't want to mow your lawn, which I don't, there are lots of alternatives.
I had a positive fight with Ivy. It took about 18 months to do most of the job and some "creative landscaping" (read: small bulldozer) to get rid of it - it's 99% gone.
I used manually extraction - cutting it down off the trees, pulling some of it from the ground, and spraying it with 4-week alternates of Brush-B-Gon and Roundup without any special extras. DO NOT MIX THESE PRODUCTS STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED ON THE LABEL. This 'supposedly' will make the plant go into shock, and negate the effects of the product.
You won't see any visible results outside of wilted leaves, and this will take 2-3 weeks to show, if I remember correctly.
DO NOT store pre-mixed spray, always mix it fresh.
Spray it on a hot day when there is no rain to come for at least 2-3 days. Although the product says it's OK if applied a few hours prior to rain, I would give it more time than that.
Continue to hit new growth, again, I had to do this for years.
I would also notify your neighbor before starting this process.
Most of our property was covered in ivy when we bought it, close to 3/4 acre, and we cleared almost all of it last year. We did it little by little, a few bags each evening.
We mostly pulled it out by hand -- if you kill with Roundup, you really still need to get the root system out to be able to then plant in that area, at least, that was our thinking.
In some areas, my husband weed-whacked the ivy to the ground and then we sprayed round-up once new growth started. We did that in areas we couldnt pull out for a while, just to keep it at bay. We later went in and pulled those areas by hand, and found it much easier to pull the shorter ivy than the knee-deep stuff (obviously).
Neighbors all around have thick ivy. My husband goes along our property line 1-2 times a year, spraying a line of Round-Up. This seems to keep it back quite well.
Some of our cleared areas now have shrub/flower beds and mulch (i think mulch itself looks a lot nicer than ivy!), and in one area we have grass. Jay, one advantage of a grass lawn vs an ivy lawn for us was that our kids could play on it.
If you weed-whack, any creatures hiding in the ivy will get out of your way! Be careful if you are sensitive to poison ivy though, as it often grows among ivy.
Good luck with it, before and after pictures would be great!
Nippersdad, do you live in Druid Hills now or was that a previous house? I'm only asking as we live there.
Decades ago, someone planted kudzu on our farm, and on thousands of other farms throughout the American South, to combat the erosion that had resulted from generations of improper farming practices. I'm not sure of the exact year kudzu was introduced, probably ca. 1900, or possibly earlier than that. I seem to recall reading that kudzu was a star attraction at the Great 1876 Centennial in Philadelphia. At any rate, we all know that vigorous Oriental vine has swept the South during the following century. The vigor of ivy and wisteria pale in comparison to the vigor of kudzu.
We fight kudzu, Japanese honeysuckle, wisteria, and ivy on a yearly basis, but, simultaneously love, enjoy, and respect these exotic vines--akebia, or violet vine, too. Gardening is a never-ending struggle. There are successes; there are failures. _C'est la vie._
Over the years, I've made my peace with these and other vines. At present, I'm allowing kudzu to have its way with the plot of ground that includes our septic tank drainage field. It grows luxuriantly and forms undulating waves of lush, large-leaved greenery for months on end, with beautiful, fragrant wisteria-like racemes of purple blossoms in late summer. This sea of green provides an above-ground canopy for the groundhog, or woodchuck, colony that lives underground in a maze of tunnels. The groundhogs are kudzu connoisseurs (sp.?) who relish the leaves as a dietary staple. A bamboo grove provides a fine backdrop to the kudzu "lawn." No mowing required.
you sure they planted it on your farm? the stuff spreads like the plague - animals love kudzu 'fruit' and happily spread it everywhere.
once the roots are allowed to properly crown, they'll get as big around as a human leg...and at that point, it's able to easily for miles, even if kept contained in a small area, and almost impossible to eradicate.
Yes, I'm pretty sure the kin who owned this farm in the nineteen-tens planted our kudzu. There was a large gulley, created by the erosion that resulted from the improper terracing of the fields, that kudzu was intended to reclaim. The use of kudzu for erosion control was commonplace all over the Southeast.
Providence Canyon in Southwest Georgia is a monumental example of the type of erosion that was once common across our region.
Sigh. I was hoping for a warm week this week, so I could go out there and get started. Looks like I'll have to wait a few more weeks. I can't wait to get out there and attack those vines. I have dreams of planting blackberry bushes, among other plants, having various sitting areas, etc, so the ivy must disappear :P
When I moved into my current house there was a huge patch of English ivy. We used a flame thrower on it and it easily killed it all. On the other side of the yard a neighbor has ivy and I keep it at bay by spraying regular strength Roundup on the new growth twice a year. As someone commented, the new growth doesn't have the waxy coating that the mature leaves do so it more easily absorbs the spray. Come visit my garden blog.
Speaking of kudzu, County Agents and Soil & Water Conservationists were trained that kudzu was a good thing. I have heard several of them get up in front of a crowd and talk about the virtues of kudzu.
Here is a link that might be useful: Bittersweet Gardens
One word: Kubota. That's what it took the get rid of our acre of ivy. That was just the stuff on the ground.
To attack the thick vines going up all the way up our mature Norway maple trees, we hacked the thickest part of the vine with a machete, then sprayed RoundUp into the vine. It really does work this way, despite it not being used folicularly. We had woody vines that were almost a foot in diameter, and now they're DEAD! Bwahahaha! (evil laugh)


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Senior Member
I've been lurking here, and have found it really helpful. Thanks!
I wonder. How useful a chemical engineer would be to Riot. Ill be done in 4 years.
Zen Fury
I notice there are a number of starry eyed individuals in this thread looking to get their foot in the door in the games industry. I'd just like to post this little note of caution as someone who worked for a number of years in the game industry: Be sure your dream job doesn't blind you from reality. Think of the games industry like the movie industry, without the protection of a big union. Many game shops practice churn and burn strategies to keep costs low. They like to hire fresh young college grads, work them like dogs, and when they become too much of a cost burden or burn out then they let them go to be replaced by new cheap grads. Often times you work long hours (sleeping bag next to your desk type of hours) and can be locked in perpetual crunch times as deadline after deadline is introduced. That $50K starting salary may seem pretty sweet until you're working 12 hours days 6 or 7 days a week (all perfectly legal, as IT workers are exempt from overtime rules in most states). If you're expecting foosball tables and 40 hour work weeks, you may be in for a serious reality check. I'm not implying or trying to imply that Riot operates in this fashion, however I have worked for (either directly or through contract) several major game development studios in the past and this was pretty much standard operating procedure. As always, do your due diligence. If you manage to get an interview, don't be afraid to ask hard questions about hours and work conditions. And if they give you evasive or vague answers, then perhaps you might be happier somewhere else. There's no point in getting your dream job if it turns out to be a nightmare. As for me, I got out of the games industry and went to work for a "regular" company where I work 40 hours a week (except for rare occasions) and earn 4 times as much. I still write software, but now instead of spending all my time developing games I can actually play them.
@Riot Chezai Here's a small list I compiled from some of the stuff you said so far: Important things for applying to Riot 1) Schooling -It's recommended to have good education, usually in the form of graduating from university/college. -Not sure if marks in school are taken into account, or graduate school for that matter. -The area of study isn't the most important part but you can learn necessary tools for the Riot industry (i.e Problem solving) 2) Experience -In the form of work experience, doing past jobs that will help benefit you when you work at Riot. -Also comes in the form of exceptional talent, due to doing something 'spectacular' maybe in the form of building your own game in your free time. This can lead to being able to by-pass the work experience and be taken right after schooling (the dream). 3) Passion -Should have a love for the game (in this case League of Legends) and always want to see it grow and develop. -Fit in the position that you want, don't try to squeeze through the cracks of another position just because you may have the skill set in that area to get a job at Riot. 4) Competition -You are not the only one applying, there's more applications than Riot can handle, if you think you were a star in university then you're probably being measured against thousands of other stars. -You need to stand out. Good grades only gets you so far. Is there anything I missed? Also if you haven't said it explicitly; is there anything you'd want to add to this list?
Riot Chezai, I am currently going to school to become an attorney (such fun), do you guys need a kick ass lawyer? (;
Shattered Clock
Recruiting Coordinator
I might ask some questions about a project that people in RiotImminence might start, but we'd have to get farther along in that process.


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Nov 9 » Posted by medmalexpert » Add Comment »
Coexistence of Risk Retention Groups and Admitted Carriers in New York
Part 1: Thoughts on the Types of Med Mal Carriers for an Introspective Insured
If you have spent any time dealing with medical malpractice insurance in New York state, you know two things:
- First, New York is home to some of the most obscenely expensive medical professional liability insurance in the country.
- Second, there is a politically charged, financially driven battle waging for dominance over the medical malpractice insurance market in the state.
Doctors in New York have experienced some of the highest medical malpractice insurance premiums in the country for years, with some specialty classes paying upwards of a quarter million dollars for a solo doctor. Until several years ago, doctors had two main options; the admitted carriers MLMIC and PRI.


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Conde Sur Vesgre, France
9 bedrooms6 baths
6028 Sq Feet | 560 Sq M
Between Houdan and Montfort l'Amaury. Unique 18th century country house surrounded by three acres of landscaped garden, fruit trees and old not ov...
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Les Alluets Le Roi, France
6 bedrooms4 baths
4198 Sq Feet | 390 Sq M
Les Alluets le Roi - 78580 - sale family house of charm of the 18th century surrounded by a sunny park of 2670m ² not overlooked and very quiet. Y...
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Feucherolles, France
5 bedrooms2 baths
2960 Sq Feet | 275 Sq M
Feucherolles - 78810 - sale near the forest , in a residential and privileged area, beautiful property to the original volumes built on a plot of ...
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Cronulla Surf Cam & Surf Report
@ 10 sec
L 3:24 AM (0.5m)
H 9:38 AM (1.7m)
5/03/2015 2:07 PM | Report
Today's rating - Poor
Arvo update - Howling southerly now. Forget surfing. 1-2ft ENE swell and south winds not a good combo for Cronulla. Sth windswell should start building late and be solid tomorrow. - Earlier report - Very, very small and clean early this morning. Suns out and the wind is light offshore WSW. That is all about to change in the coming hours with a fresh southerly change pushing up the coast. If you wish to try and surf, do so now in the small, clean 1 footers, or wait till very late in the day and try a protected south corner. The swell should start building from the south late in the day.
Today's Outlook
Swell: 0.6m
Wind: WSW 10-20 kts
Best at: Open beaches
Conditions: CleanAfternoon
Swell: 1m
Wind: S 20-30 kts
Best at: Open beaches
Conditions: Wind affected
Sponsor recommended
The best board for today is :
The best wetsuit for today is :
Tomorrow's Surf Forecast
Marine Outlook
Forecast for Thursday 5 March until midnight
Strong Wind Warning for Thursday for Sydney Coast
Winds: Southwesterly 15 to 25 knots, tending south to southeasterly 20 to 30
knots in the afternoon.
Seas: 2 to 3 metres.
Swell: East to northeasterly below
1 metre, tending southerly 1 to 2 metres by early evening. Weather: Mostly
sunny. Caution: Large and powerful surf conditions in the evening are expected
to be hazardous for coastal activities such as crossing bars by boat and rock
Weekend Surf Forecast 6 - 8 March 2015
There is a welcome change in the air. Check out the weekend forecast.
How To Make A Totally Excellent Web Clip: Making Stuff With Ozzie Wrong
Making web clips is cooler than YOLO. Oz Wrong shows you how in his new monthly column.
Gallery: Sur Fart – Serious Experiments In Surf Cartoonery by Nanda Ormond – Coolangatta, Saturday 28th
The incredible art of Surfing World's last four years, on show.
Pumping Gold Coast, The Drop-In of The Year, & The Dawn of The WSL – This Week In Surfing
Ten Things From Surfing and The Internet On The Week That Was February 27, 2015
Video: Kelly, Mick, Parko, John John Hit The Lay Day Sessions At Snapper
Standout Sessions: Watch The World's Best Practice On The Quikky Pro's Centre Court
Video: The Women of The Roxy Pro Are Absolutely Ripping The Freesurf Sessions At Snapper
Standout Sessions: Live Fast Die Young, Bad GIrls Do It Well
Video: John John, Kolohe, Mick & More of The World's Best Warm-up At Snapper
Standout Sessions: You have to see how strong Kolohe is surfing.


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