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Advances in Mechanical Engineering
Volume 2010 (2010), Article ID 404960, 11 pages
Kinetostatic Analysis of 4-R(CRR) Parallel Manipulator with Overconstraints via Reciprocal-Screw Theory
Robotics Research Center, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
Received 22 December 2008; Revised 29 May 2009; Accepted 18 September 2009
Academic Editor: Fengfeng Xi
Copyright © 2010 Zhen Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The paper proposes a new approach based on reciprocal screw theory to analyze kinetostatics of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms with overconstraints and static indeterminacy. For force analysis of parallel mechanisms, the main reactions should be solved firstly, and then all other constraint reactions are easy to be obtained. The approach can remarkably reduce the number of unknowns and keep the number of simultaneous equilibrium equations not more than six each time. For static indeterminacy, it also needs to set some complementary equations. All active forces and constraint reactions of the kinematic pairs can be simultaneously obtained by analyzing the equilibrium of everybody one by one. A 4-R(CRR) parallel manipulator with collinear-force static indeterminacy is taken to introduce the method, which indicates that the method is simple and effective.
1. Introduction
Force analysis of lower-mobility parallel manipulators (PMs) is one of the important steps for mechanism design, simulation, and control.It generally needs to solve for active forces and constraint reactions of all kinematic pairs. Force analysis contains statics and dynamics. Only the statics analysis is needed when the device moves at low speed. However, when it moves at high speed, the inertia forces of links cannot be neglected, and it needs dynamics analysis.
The issue has attracted huge attention in the community. Tsai [1] presented the statics and dynamics of parallel mechanisms; Merlet [2] discussed the dynamics of PMs. Zhang and Gosselin [3, 4] discussed a general kinetostatic model of PMs. Gallardo et al. [5] solved the dynamics of PMs by screw theory and the principle of virtual work. Ider [6] developed a method for the inverse dynamic solution of PMs in the presence of drive singularities. Li et al. [7] presented a method for the inverse dynamic formulation of the 3-DOF modules of two PMs. Russo et al. [8] discussed the static balancing of parallel robots. Sokolov and Xirouchakis [9] presented a dynamics analysis of a 3-DOF PM. Lu et al. [10] solved active and passive forces of some PMs. Callegari and Cammarata [11] discussed the dynamics of a 3-CRU parallel robot. Jaime et al. [12] approached the dynamic analysis of 2(3-RPS) manipulator via screw theory and the principle of virtual work. Zhou et al. [13] studied the static solving of a 3-DOF 3-RRR parallel mechanism. The statics of spatial mechanisms can be traded by various methods, such as the vector method [14], the dual vector and dual number quaternions [15], the screw calculus [16], and the principle of virtual work [17]. For dynamics analysis, the principle of d'Alembert is one of the common methods.
Most of the above-mentioned literatures only analyzed the actuator forces of lower-mobility PMs, but few discussed constraint reactions of kinematic pairs. The reaction analysis is very useful; however, it is quite complicated. Tsai [1] successfully analyzed constraint reactions of all the pairs for a serial robot by static equilibrium of free-body diagrams. Recently, we note that Lu [10] only discussed parts of constraint reactions of a mechanism, which is not overconstrainted. In many applications, PMs not only have lots of kinematic pairs and unknowns but also are overconstrained and statically indeterminate, which increase the complexity and difficulty of reaction analysis. Particularly, the unknowns are correlative, and they oblige us to set high-order matrices. For example the number of the unknowns of a 5-DOF 5-5R PM is 130. However, the number of its available equilibrium equations is only 126. Especially, for the simple 3-RRR spherical PM, the order of its static indeterminacy is up to six. For the static indeterminacy, it needs to set some complementary equations. Note that the static indeterminacy of the lower-DOF PMs can be classified into two cases: collinear forces and coaxial couples, and their analyses are also different. From this point of view, the issue is a completely new problem in the community.
This paper proposes a new simple and effective approach to analyze both the active forces and constraint reactions based on reciprocal screw theory. For this method, the main reactions should be solved firstly, and then all other constraint reactions are easy to be obtained. The method is able to remarkably reduce the number of unknowns and keep the number of simultaneous equations not more than six each time. All the constraint reactions are easy to be simultaneously obtained by analyzing the equilibrium of each body one by one. We name this case as force decoupling (see Section 3). Another merit of this method is the actual axes acted about by reaction forces and moments can be clearly determined from screw theory before the numerical calculation, and it is useful for other mechanism analyses and designs including singularity research.
A 4-DOF 4-R(CRR) parallel mechanism [18] is analyzed as an example. This manipulator is symmetrical [19], and the moving platform has two translations and two rotations. The 4-R(CRR) PM, which belongs to the case of collinear constraint forces, is of overconstraints and static indeterminacy.
2. Structure Description
2.1. A 4-R(CRR) Parallel Mechanism
The 4-R(CRR) parallel mechanism, as shown in Figure 1(a),consists of a moving platform, a fixed platform, and four identical branches with four kinematic pairs, R, C, R, and R. R indicates the revolute pair; C, the cylindrical pair, is equivalent to two single-DOF pairs, R and P (prismatic pair). The axis of the first pair R in each branch is normal to the base, and the axis of the second pair C is parallel to the base. The axes of the last three pairs intersect at a center point. The four branches have two center points, and .
The moving platform and the base are both square. The global coordinate system O-XYZ, moving system o-xyz, and limb systems and are all shown in Figure 1(a).
2.2. Mobility Analysis
In order to analyze the mobility, the Modified Grübler-Kutzbach Criterion [20, 21] based on screw theory [22, 23] is used. For the method, overconstraints are divided into two parts: common constraints and parallel constraints. They are named as the common constraint factor and the parallel constraint factor , respectively. The Modified G-K Criterion is written as where denotes the mobility; is the number of links including frame; is the number of kinematic joints; is the number of freedoms of the joint. is the common constraint factor: is the number of the common constraints of the mechanism. The common constraint is defined as a screw reciprocal to all the kinematic screws in the mechanism. is the number of the redundant constraints of the whole mechanism subtracting the number of the common constraints having been accounted. The redundant constraints of the whole mechanism can be obtained by screw analysis.
For 4-R(CRR), one of its limbs, say , is shown in Figure 1(b). Its five single-DOF pairs are expressed into screw Plücker coordinates in or as follows where relates a geometrical parameter and , ,and are direction cosines, where indicates the serial number of the kinematic pair in limb . However, the values of , , , and are not important for mobility analysis.
The five-screw system, Equation (3), has one reciprocal screw: where is a constraint force applied to the platform by limb , which is normal to the base and passes its center point, or .
Then four identical limbs exert four constraint forces in total on the same platform but passing through two different points, and . In the global system -, they are where , and , relate to the geometrical parameters of the mechanism.
The four screws compose a constraint screw system , which is
From ,we find that the rank of system is only two. That means that there is no common constraints and the common constraint factor is six. The number of the redundant constraints of the whole mechanism is two and then the parallel constraint factor is two. Then from the Modified G-K Criterion, Equation (1), the mobility of the mechanism is
Therefore, the mechanism has four degrees of freedom.
(1)From the analysis we know that the platform is simultaneously acted upon by two linearly independent parallel constraint forces, which constrain one translational motion along -axis and one rotational motion about the normal direction of the plane determined by the two forces. Therefore, the mechanism is able to translate along two directions, and , and rotate about two axes, and . (2)After any possible motion including translation or rotation of the platform, the screw systems and the Modified G-K Formula denoted by (3)–(7) are all invariable. Therefore, the mobility is global.2.3. Selection of Active Pairs
For the 4-DOF mechanism it needs four inputs. The input selection principle is that after locking all the selected inputs, if the platform is subjected to six linearly independent constraints in total and has no remnant freedom, the selection is correct; otherwise, it is wrong. From this point of view, there are many different selections. Here, the first revolute pairs of limbs 1, 2, and 3 and the single-freedom revolute pair of the cylindrical pair in limb 4 are selected as the four inputs. To prove the correctness of the selection, the selected four pairs need to be locked, and then the following analysis is carried out.
For limbs 1, 2, and 3, each limb-screw system has only four screws, that is the last four screws in (3). With respect to the limb coordinate system, the four screws are
Two reciprocal screws of (8) are
For limb 4, when the revolute part of the cylindrical pair is loked, the limb screw system becomes
Reciprocal screws of (10) are as follows: where the first one is a constraint force and the second one is a constraint wrench with pitch .
Since , , and the rank of the eight screws in (9) and (11) is six, the input selection is correct.
3. Force Analysis
The position, velocity, acceleration, and inertia force/moment of the mechanism should be determined before further force analysis, for which we can refer to [20, 24] or many other literatures.
The kinematic pairs connecting the platform and the limbs are named as the main kinematic pairs or main pairs, and the reaction in the main pair is named as the main-pair reaction or main reaction. For force analysis, the main reactions should be solved firstly, and then all other constraint reactions are easy to be obtained. In order to analyze the main reactions, it needs to calculate the main reactions brought about by all the external forces acting on the platform and on different limbs one by one, respectively and then summate them by superposition principle.
In general, everybody is acted upon by gravity, inertial force, and other external forces/moments, and all the forces can be vectorially summated as one 6D external force acting on the body. Our method is based on the principle of d'Alembert and the steps are as follows:
(i)Analyze the mobility and select all the input pairs;(ii)Analyze the inertia force of each body based on [20, 24], if necessary, and then summate the inertia force, gravity and other external forces of each body to get the 6D resultant external force of that body.(iii)Analyze the reactions of main pairs produced by the external forces only exerted on the moving platform.(iv)Analyze the reactions of main pairs produced by the external forces only exerted on the links of limbs one by one.(v)Respectively, summate the main reactions obtained in steps (iii) and (iv), by the superposition principle to get the final main reactions.(vi)All the active couples and constraint reactions of other kinematic pairs can be directly obtained by setting corresponding equilibrium equations of the limb links one by one.Since the 4-R(CRR) has thirteen movable bodies, twelve R-pairs, four C-pairs, and four unknown inputs, the number of unknowns is and the number of equations is . Then, two redundant unknowns are necessary. Therefore, it needs to set not only the equilibrium equations but also the complementary equations to solve the issue.
3.1. Force Expression
Generally, every body may be subject to forces including external forces, inertia force and gravity, and so forth, and then the 2nd step of the last Section is needed for every link. Nevertheless, without loss of generality, for brief introduction, we only consider that the 2nd step has been completed and the given forces are only the resultant external forces acting on the platform as well as on link , that is, in limb 1. Forces and and moments and are the external forces/moments including the inertia force/moment and the gravity in the global system and act on the mass centers of platform and link of limb 1, respectively.
Let and denote the corresponding resultant external force screws with intensities, respectively. Then where is the radius vector from the origin of the global system to the mass center point of link ; is the Clifford factor.
3.2. Main-Pair Reaction
3.2.1. Main-Pair Reactions Produced by Platform Force
Equations (9) and (11) denote main reactions, and each main pair contains two reactions. and in (9) are unit constraint screws along - and -axes, respectively. In (11), is also a unit screw along -axis, and is a screw with . All the eight screws are denoted in Figure 2. Their intensities are unknown.
However, the maximum linearly independent number of the eight constraints is six. From this point of view, there are only six independent unknowns and the issue is solvable.
Here, we use and , to denote and , in the global system. The corresponding intensities of the reactions are and . and are the resultant forces of , and , , respectively. The free-body diagram of the moving platform is shown in Figure 2.
Considering the equilibrium of the platform, we have
Equation (13) is a screw equation and it is equivalent to six linear equations. The six unknowns can be solved.
If we use the traditional approach, each R pair has five unknown reactions and there are twenty unknowns corresponding six equilibrium equations of the moving platform. It is insolvable directly. Therefore, for solvability, it has to consider the equilibrium of other bodies, even all other bodies simultaneously. Considering the situation, this may be named as force coupling. Obviously, the new method described here is able to reduce unknowns and makes the solution decoupled and easy.
From (13), we can solve the six unknowns including and . In order to get , , , and , it needs to resolve into limbs 1 and 4 as well as into limbs 2 and 3. Here it is just the "static indeterminacy." This resolution can be carried out through analyzing the stiffnesses of two corresponding parts. The two forces are in direct proportion to two corresponding stiffnesses.
However, in order to simplify the analysis and considering our core object not for stiffness analysis, here a hypothesis is given; that is, the stiffness proportion of the two parts is . Therefore, the complementary equations are as follows [25]:
3.2.2. Main-Pair Reactions Produced by Limb Force
Suppose that link in limb 1 is subject to an external force , and the force will also bring about main reactions.Main-pair reactions at can be obtained by solving the equilibrium equations of link under the applied force . A free-body diagram of link is shown in Figure 3(a). We should analyze the property of the reactions of R pairs at and ,respectively.If there is not any external forces in limbs, Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 are not necessary and the steps are simple.
It is still a 4-DOF mechanism. There are only three input pairs in the subchain. After the three input pairs are locked, it has one freedom. Respectively, the platform of the submechanism is subjected to five constraints. From (9) and (11), the five linearly independent reactions include , which are upward and pass through the corresponding two origins, , which are along the corresponding -axes, respectively, and , which is a screw with (bi-directional arrow) and parallel to -axis.
In the system -, Figure 3(b), the five constraint screws (red can be expressed as where denotes the th constraint screw in the th limb. is the direction cosine. is the distance between points and .
The five-system is denoted as . The reciprocal screw of is . From [23], can be obtained as where is a twist screw of the platform of the 3-R(CRR) mechanism and it is a line vector in plane and passing through point . Meanwhile, the subchain uses another revolute pair R at to connect link . Its screw in - is
Therefore the twist system of the sub-chain is a two-screw system including the screws in (17) and (18). Reciprocal screws of the system are four main reactions (pink) acting on link at point . They are where and are reactions passing point and along axes and , respectively; is a constraint force screw, , along ; is a couple normal to and ;
Suppose that the four screws with their intensities are expressed as , , , and in the global system. In addition, there are only four unknowns, , , , and , for the R pair.
()Reactions of revolute pair at . Reactions of the revolute pair at are determined by analyzing the subchain RCR in limb 1. When the input pair is locked, there are only three basic pairs, whose screws are just the three screws in the middle of (3). Their three reciprocal screws, constraints, in the limb system are written as follows: where is a reaction force at , acting on link , normal to the base and passing through the limb origin point; is also a reaction force passing through the origin and along -axis; is a reaction couple in plane -.Suppose that we use , , and to denote their intensities only caused by external force in the global system. Then the three reactions at pair acting on link are , , and . Since and are collinear, use to denote the resultant intensity of and .
Equilibrium of link . As shown in Figure 3(a), the reactions of the revolute pairs at and of limb 1 can be obtained. The equilibrium equation with six unknowns of link isIn the equation, there are six linearly independent unknowns and the main-reactions are solvable. From (22) is obtained, but it still needs to separate into and . The new issue in the mechanism analysis is also the "static indeterminacy," but a special one with collinear forces. This can be solved by stiffness analysis. Similar to (14), we have
The external force acting on link also brings about the main reactions in limbs 2, 3, and 4. In order to further analyze the main reactions in limbs 2, 3, and 4, we can consider the equilibrium of the platform once again; Figure 4. Here denotes the resultant force of and . Four forces acting on the platform have been solved from (22). Considering the equilibrium equation with five unknowns of the platform, we haveHow to obtain and from is similar to be obtained by similar stiffness analysis:
Nevertheless, comparing with (14), it is clear that , as they correspond to the same situations and have the same proportion.
3.2.3. Resultant Main-Pair Reactions by Superposition Principle
In Sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2, main reactions brought about by the platform force and limb force have been solved by (13), (22), and (24). From superposition principle the resultant reaction at point is
The resultant main reaction at point , is
3.3. Active Moments and Reactions of Other Pairs in Limbs
When the constraint reactions of the four main pairs are obtained, the four active moments and reactions of other pairs can be easily obtained by solving the equilibrium equations of the links in every limb from up to downone by one.If it does not need to calculate the constraint reactions of pairs in limbs, the active forces can be directly obtained by the principle of virtual work. Actually, when the forces of the main joints are solved, each limb becomes a serial-chain, and its dynamics analysis would be much simple by directly setting equilibrium of each body. However, here we want to show the number of equilibrium equation can be less than six by this method.
3.3.1. Reactions of Revolute Pair at
Resultant main-reactions of the revolute pair at have been got by (13), (22), and (24), then for obtaining the total unknown reactions at we have to set the equilibrium equation of link once again.
For limb 1, there are ten forces acting on link including a known external force and six main-reactions at point , (13) and (22), and three unknown reactions at , (21). Then the equilibrium equation of is as follow: where , and are caused by both and .
For limbs 2, 3, and 4, considering (13) and (24), the balancing equation with three unknown reactions of link is
3.3.2. Reactions of Cylindrical Pair at
For analyzing the reactions of the cylindrical pair at , it needs to consider the kinematic chain RC in each limb.
Limbs 1, 2, and 3. The 1st pair at is the active pair; Figure 5(a). When the actuated joint is locked, there are only two single-freedom pairs, R and P in chain RC. The twist system includes the 2nd and 3rd screws in (3), and their four unknown reciprocal screws (pink) are where and are two reaction forces passing through the origin of the limb system along and , respectively; and are constraint couples also about axes and .
Assume that the four reaction screws of the cylindrical pair at in (30) are denoted as in the global system and their intensities are and . Considering the equilibrium of link , Figure 5(a), the four unknown reactions of pair C can be obtained by
Limb 4. The single-freedom revolute pair of the cylindrical pair is the actuated joint and can be locked similarly like the section above. However, here we prefer not to lock the input and consider that there is an unknown applied force, . Then the three-system twist of RC chain consists of the first three screws in (3), and the C pair has three unknown reciprocal screws (pink), Figure 5(b), as follows:
Considering the equilibrium of link , the four unknowns, one active couple and three reactions, in pair C can be obtained as follows: where is the active moment of limb 4. , denote three reaction screws of the cylindrical pair at in the global system and their intensities are, and .
3.3.3. Active Moments and Reactions of Revolute Pair at
In the limb system, the R pair has five constraints, such as
where , , and are reaction forces passing point and along three coordinate axes, respectively. and are couples about axes and , respectively.
Assume denote and their intensities are and in the global system. The active couple is .
For limbs 1, 2, and 3, Figure 6(a), the equilibrium equation with six unknowns including input couple of link is
For limb 4, Figure 6(b), the equilibrium equation with five unknowns of link is
where is an unknown input couple exerted on link by the active device.
4. Numerical Example
Assume that the distance Oo is 0.55 m; =0.4 m, =0.9 m; vector is , vector is , and their values are and , and (N and N). is the distance between point and origin point , or point and origin :
The constraint screws in (13) are as follows:
The results of the active moments and reactions are listed in Table 1.
5. Discussion
Based on the mobility analysis, Equation (2), the number of overconstraints of the 4-R(CRR) mechanism is two. As the mechanism has 13 links including the frame, 12 revolute pairs and 4 cylindrical pairs, as well as 4 unknown active moments, the number of its unknowns, u, and the number of equilibrium equations, , are as follows
It means there is a static indeterminacy, and we need two extra complementary equations, which could be set based on the theory of elastic mechanics. If so, the problem is solvable theoretically. However, in this case we should set a system of 80 equations including two complementary equations and solve the matrix with the rank up to 80. Evidently, it is very difficult.
In order to avoid the high-rank matrix and reducing the unknowns the new method is proposed. Firstly, based on screw theory the unknowns could be reduced. Secondly, when there are two external forces acting on two different bodies, the force analysis should carry through one by one. As shown in 4-R(CRR) example, first, we only consider the force acting on the platform, and two complementary equations, Equation (14), are needed. Then, consider the external force acting on link 1, another two complementary equations are needed, too, as (23) and (25). Therefore it needs four (actually three) complementary equations in total for this example. That means that the force analysis needs two complementary equations each time. Therefore, the total number of complementary equations may be more than the difference between the numbers of unknowns and equilibrium equations.
6. Conclusion
Based on reciprocal screw theory, the kinetostatic analysis method of parallel mechanisms with special static indeterminacy containing collinear forces has been investigated in the paper. Our method can remarkably reduce the number of unknowns and the number of simultaneous equilibrium equations is not more than six each time. All active forces and constraint reactions of kinematic pairs are easy to be simultaneously obtained by analyzing the equilibrium of everybody one by one. The solution steps are also very clear.
The typical 4-DOF 4-R(CRR) parallel manipulator with special static indeterminacy containing collinear forces has been taken as an example to introduce this strategy. After analyzing screw systems, determining main-reactions and setting complementary equations, all the active forces and constraint reactions of the kinematic pairs are simultaneously solvable. Evidently, the forces are decoupled by the method. Therefore, the method can avoid setting complex high-order matrices.
The complex special static indeterminacy of lower-DOF parallel mechanisms still calls for further research as an open problem.
This research is supported by NSFC (50875227). The authors would like to express their gratitude to Professor X. Z. Bai for valuable discussions.
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Crossroads hairstylist fashions friendship with Selena's brother (Video)
Carolina Astrain
March 30, 2013 at 8:03 p.m.
Updated March 30, 2013 at 10:31 p.m.
Timmy Windoskey's Facebook letter to A.B. Quintanilla
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I'm still a big, big, big fan of yours and Selena y Los Dino's music. Like I can't even explain.
I grew up on your music from a very young age and still jam to it. I love old Selena songs.
One of my favorite songs is "Tengo Ganas de Llorar" and "Yo Fui Aquella" but trust me I go as far back as "Pero Como Te Ha Ido." Please don't take offense, but I still cry sometimes watching videos or hearing songs.
I know it doesn't compare to your feeling of sadness.
The reason I'm contacting you is because I would love to donate my time and skills to help you and your family out.
I would love to become a part of this. It would mean the world to me. I'm a hairstylist and have worked for Aveda and Toni and Guy, which are two world-renowned salons in the industry.
So even if I were to do your sister's, mother's or wife's hair, I would be honored to do so.
I would be willing to do whatever I could small or big.
Hope it's not too strange of a request, but I'm a very open person, and I believe if you want to do something, you should, so I hope to hear from you.
Even if it's a no-go, please let me know.
Thank you for your time,
• WHAT: Selena's 18th annual tribute
• WHEN: 4-8 p.m. Sunday
• WHERE: Salinas Park, 1354 Airport Road, Corpus Christi
Yorktown native Timmy Windoskey, 30, was scrolling through his Facebook news feed when he came across the Selena memorial event banner.
The skilled hairstylist sent the organizers a message offering his services for the event but received no reply.
Then Windoskey decided to go directly to the root - A.B. Quintanilla, 49, Selena's older brother and songwriter extraordinaire.
Windoskey sent Quintanilla a Facebook message to his fan page and received a surprisingly quick response.
"What caught my attention about Timmy's letter was that we shared all the same favorite songs," Quintanilla said.
The songs Windoskey included in his letter were "Yo Fui Aquella,""Tengo Ganas De Llorar" and "Pero Como Te Ha Ido."
And a few days later, Quintanilla found himself in Victoria at Hair Dimensions, watching as his wife, Rikkie Quintanilla, 25, got her hair styled and dyed by Windoskey free of charge.
Sunday marks the 18th anniversary of the singer's death.
When Selena y Los Dinos began, they made regular appearances at Victoria venues, including Sun Valley Ranch Saloon & Dance Hall and the Riverside Convention Center.
As Windoskey snipped, he and Quintanilla talked about the phases of hair Quintanilla's spunky younger sister went through.
"Remember when she had that mullet?" Windoskey asked. "I was like, I'm just a child. I don't want to deal with all of this."
Quintanilla laughed and explained his little sister's admiration for the pop icon Madonna led her through periods of short hair.
Shortly after filming a commercial for Coca-Cola, Selena decided to cut her hair, which infuriated her father, who told her the commercial contract stated she was not to alter her look after production, said Quintanilla.
"They were cool, though, and cut us some slack," Quintanilla said.
Kathy Holmes, 26, a styling assistant at Hair Dimensions, recalled growing up in Michigan and listening to Selena with her parents.
"My mom and dad kept our Spanish roots alive," said Holmes as she prepared the foil and dye. "It was Selena, La Tropa F, Mazz, all that stuff."
As a hair dryer dome rested over Rikkie Quintanilla's foil-wrapped hair, Windoskey and the Grammy-award winning artist went over their plans for the weekend in Corpus.
"I'm supposed to meet up with them for dinner, and they're supposed to take me to some club to see a Tejano band, David Lee Garza," Windoskey said. "I was telling my friends that it's all been kind of weird. I followed her as Selena the persona, and now it seems so much more personal."
Later that night over a plate of salmon at Red Lobster, Windoskey shared his career and personal aspirations with the Quintanillas.
"We talked about what I'm doing, where I'm going," Windoskey said. "And he talked about working out, boxing and going on tour. I know her brother and the pain they've felt since losing her."
When he was 16 years old, Windoskey said he lost his mother to cancer.
"My mom loved Selena," Windoskey said. "Her favorite song was 'Como La Flor.' That song is so bittersweet, and every time I hear it, I think of my mom."
On his way to Corpus Christi on Saturday, Windoskey said he was still in disbelief.
"I've been texting him, and he calls me, and I feel like we're going to develop an ongoing friendship," Windoskey said. "It kind of blows my mind that he wants to befriend me. He's gone all over the world touring, has won multiple music awards and has his own production company, and suddenly he's chilling in my salon."


text:
Textile Materials - Global Business Strategic Report
- Language: English
- 844 Pages
- Published: May 2012
- Region: Global
ProductTrends is a unique tool for analyzing various products. It contains a brief description of the macroeconomic environment, the rating of the attractiveness of production sold, exports and imports. Assessments of attractiveness have been made on the basis of a detailed analysis of the value components, such as the volume and average price for each of above categories. Forecasts of volumes and values are taken from regression models with a sufficiently close fit.
Executive Summary
Report illustrates the behavior of exports, imports and production sold of Yarn of carded wool or fine hair, n.p.r.s. for Finland. It shows fluctuations of value, volume and average prices for these categories during the last five years 2003 - 2007 together with the forecasts of them for the next two consecutive years 2008 - 2009. The material contains in-depth analysis of exports and imports across top nine trading partner countries and top three sub products as well as a ranking of current and future attractiveness of production, exports and imports.
1. Brief description of the product
2. Macroeconomic scenario
3. Product attractiveness:
- Attractiveness of production sold
- Attractiveness of exports
- Attractiveness of imports
4. Production sold, exports, imports
- Analysis of production sold
- Analysis of exports
- Analysis of imports
- Analysis of price
- Analysis of volume
- Analysis of value
5. Analysis of indicators:
- Market absorption ratio
- Net exports ratio
- Trade openness ratio
6. Distribution of parameters - products map
7. Key concepts
- Definitions of indicators
- Definitions of selected concepts
8. Critical values for the distributions of parameters
9. Top ten exported and imported subproducts
Yarn of carded wool or fine hair, n.p.r.s.| Carded wool yarn containing >= 85% wool by weight (excl. unbleached and that put up for retail sale)| Carded wool yarn containing predominantly, but = 85% and yarn put up for retail sale)| Carded wool yarn containing >= 85% wool by weight, unbleached (excl. that put up for retail sale)|


text:
Romantic Forums!
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Many food-based sweet kisses
1.) Take a bar, not a kiss, of hershey's chocolate and place it on your tongue. Kiss your lover deeply, the kind where you can rub the chocolate over his / her tongue and let it melt as you share the sweetness. 2.) Pick a cake or pie that both you and your lover enjoy. Take a spoonful of it, preferably small, and if you want to tease, rub anything gooey (icing, frosting, filling, the sauce from the fruit) over their lips before they put it in their mouth. Kiss them before they can chew, preferably with tongue so you two can (again) share the taste, and possibly the food. This covers a LOT of options. 3.) Take a bite of something you and your lover like that won't melt away (fruit, cupcakes, soft candy) and leave about half of it out for your lover. Kiss them as they take it. 4.) As suggested before, take a berry-like fruit and kiss your lover, preferably lying down with you on top or faces straight. During the kiss, bite into the fruit to give the both of you juices to sweeten the kiss. 5.) Cover your lips in something incredibly sweet, especially fruit juice or honey, and hold your lover's head to yours as you kiss. Hopefully the flavor will entice them to kiss longer. 6.) Cover yours, and your lovers', lips in the stickiest sweet you have around (probably caramel). Kiss each other and hold together as the treat keeps your lips together, almost always sealed. 7.) Pour only a bit of whipped cream into your lover's mouth and kiss, with tongue, to lick it around (as opposed to taking it for yourself). 8.) The classic. Start eating something decently long together and kiss at the middle. Though not always sweet, it's both cliche and it works.
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text:
Former Treasury head calls for bigger GST
PUBLISHED: 12 Nov 2012 00:05:24 | UPDATED: 12 Nov 2012 09:36:01PUBLISHED: 12 Nov 2012 PRINT EDITION: 12 Nov 2012Gemma Daley and Fleur Anderson
Former Labor government Treasury secretary Tony Cole says it is "inevitable" that a future government will extend the goods and services tax into areas such as health, education and fresh food and lift its 10 per cent rate.
But the Treasury secretary from 1991 to 1993 says the catalyst for including the GST in genuine tax reform would have to come from a large cross-section of the community, including business and welfare groups, as it had when the Howard government introduced the consumption tax in 2000 and used the revenue to reduce other more distorting taxes.
"It's inevitable that at some stage we will broaden the base and change the rate," Mr Cole told The Australian Financial Review as part of its Tax and Spend series.
"But if we want politicians to lead, sometimes we've got to give them a bit of space to do it," Mr Cole said
And a key figure behind getting John Howard to reverse his "never ever'' vow on the tax, Graeme Samuel, has called for an urgent review of the "mutant" GST, as well as handouts to businesses and middle-class welfare, ahead of a revenue crunch. As president of the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Mr Samuel headed the business push for tax reform after the 1998 election.
"The final package on a GST was a political compromise," Mr Samuel told the Financial Review.
"Those who were intimately involved in the formulation of the GST as a tax reform process would have been universally disappointed at the compromises that were reached.
"They strike at the real purpose of the GST, to bring about a more equitable and broad-ranging tax system. What we've got is a bit of a mutant."
Mr Samuel, who later headed the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, said the GST, which exempts health, education and fresh food, applied to only 60 per cent of the economy. He said the GST rate should remain at 10 per cent but its base should be broader.
"General government revenue is under pressure and that is only going to get worse," he said.
Treasurer Wayne Swan has ordered various government-commissioned tax reviews not to consider changing the GST.
A tax reform package that removed the GST exemptions could add $31 billion to the government's coffers and increase GDP by $20 billion a year, the Grattan Institute has estimated.
Its chief executive, John Daley, said consumption taxes were less distorting than income taxes and encouraged saving and investment.
Dick Warburton, the Howard government's key tax adviser and former Board of Taxation chairman, said both government and the opposition appeared paralysed by taking on a big-picture issue like GST reform and instead were sidetracked by temporary solutions.
"The crazy thing about it, I'd like to think both parties can see the value in it," Mr Warburton said.
"The logic of it is so strong you can't believe the leaders of our parties can't recognise that, but neither can put their head above the parapet because the other one will knock it off."
■ GST: the gorilla in the room
with Sally Patten
The Australian Financial Review
Related News
Read more
People | Graeme Samuel, Wayne Swan |
Topics | Economy /Taxation , Politics /Federal Politics |


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Sony SRS-BTX500
- Category: Home Video & Entertainment
May 2, 2013
Editor's Rating
- Stylish design
- Bluetooth connectivity
- USB port for smart phone charging
- Good audio quality
- Too large & heavy for travel
- Battery life could be better
The Sony SRS-BTX500 is a Bluetooth wireless speaker that sports an impressive, sleek design and high-quality audio output. It can be used while on-the-go thanks to a rechargeable battery and can be used to charge smart phones via the built-in USB port.
The design of the SRS-BTX500 is really one of the selling points that Sony uses to sell this speaker - and rightly so! It has a professional, clean look that looks extremely well put together. The front face is entirely the grille for the speaker and the sides have brushed metal. On the back, there is a retractable kickstand and a matte black finish (which scratches extremely easily).
The speaker measures 15.1 x 6 x 2.5-inches (wdh) and weighs just over 4-pounds. Because of its size and modest weight, you probably won't want to take this speaker in your luggage on vacation but for room-to-room movement at home, it's great.
On the speakers side there are a few buttons, including power, auxiliary input, sound mode and pairing mode. On the top, there are buttons to answer/end a call and a volume control. On the back near the kickstand, there is a Bluetooth standby switch, an auxiliary audio input jack and a USB port. This USB port allows you to charge your smart phone (if the speaker's AC adapter is plugged in).
Getting the Sony speaker connected via Bluetooth with an Apple iPhone 5 was a breeze and worked on the first try. There is also NFC (near-field communication) support, which lets you answer and end calls through the speaker and to use the speaker as a speakerphone.
Another good feature of the SRS-BTX500 is the built-in rechargeable lithium ion battery. Sony says you can get up to six hours of continuous playback, which is a so-so number in our opinion.
The speaker is rated at 2 x 10W, so you get 20W of total audio output. It's definitely loud enough to fill a medium-sized room, but isn't enough to use for a large party or anything like that. For a small gathering or for your own personal listening, it's more than adequate. Overall the audio quality was very good. At extremely high volumes, there was noticeable distortion and crackling but at "regular" volumes, it was great. The amount of bass level available was good, but nothing worth raving about. The Mega Bass and Mega Bass + Surround modes seemed to improve the overall audio quality, but we found the Mega Bass setting to be the best.


text:
2 comments on "082013"
I would like to view my child's grades however, in order to view them I need to enter my child's emergency contact information. I am unable to enter the information and I was directed by the website to contact my child's school, (Alhambra High School). My child's name is Dominique D. Guzman and her I.D. #1103651.
Thank you


text:
Joey Embry Age: 21University of Mississippi junior offensive tackle who played all 11 games as a freshman but missed the 1997 season because of a back injury; listed as the No. 2 right tackle going into spring practice in 1998; drowned in a golf course pond while apparently suffering a diabetic-related seizure retrieving lost golf balls Died: Starkville, Miss., May 19, 1998Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
24 X 7Private Tutor
Explore , Algebra 1 Answers


text:
http://www.MMAWeekly.com/ reporter Conner Cordova caught up with award-winning mixed martial arts coach Duane "Bang" Ludwig recently at the opening of his new gym in Colorado. The gym fulfills a lifelong dream for Ludwig, but although he intends to continue working with UFC champ TJ Dillashaw and other fighters, Ludwig's new gym is far from a traditional "fighter gym" ... and that's by design. watch video >>
http://www.MMAWeekly.com/ -- UFC bantamweight champion TJ Dillashaw talks with MMAWeekly's Conner Cordova about the fights that fell apart -- Dominick Cruz and Raphael Assuncao -- and the transition to training with both Duane "Bang" Ludwig and Martin Kampmann. watch video >>
Duane Ludwig has a new headquarters for training ninjas and "Inside MMA" was there along with special guests TJ Dillashaw, Bas Rutten, and More! AXS TV is Your Home for MMA every Friday Night! Find AXS TV HERE: http://bit.ly/WtTUDr watch video >>
http://iconicitv.com Iconici MMA host Laura Kelley caught up with MMA Legend Bas Rutten at the Open House for Ludwig Martial Arts official home of Bang Muay ... watch video >>
Para a matéria completa, acesse http://sextoround.com.br watch video >>
Famed striking coach Duane Ludwig and Inside MMA host Rutten put on their gloves to give viewers a special striking demonstration, including instructional tips on striking combinations. The clip wraps up with Rutten, who was been one of Ludwig's longtime coaches and mentors, presenting his protégé with a Bas Rutten Systems Black Belt Certification. AXS TV is Your Home for MMA every Friday Night! Find AXS TV HERE: http://bit.ly/WtTUDr watch video >>
During INSIDE MMA's weekly "Five Rounds" segment with Dominick Cruz and Duane Ludwig, Cruz, the former UFC bantamweight champion, discussed what it would take for current bantamweight champion T.J. Dillashaw to defeat him, should they be matched up in the future. AXS TV is Your Home for MMA every Friday Night! Find AXS TV HERE: http://bit.ly/WtTUDr watch video >>
Duane "Bang" Ludwig talks to SHOOTMedia just hours before UFC 177 about the last minute substitution with Joe Soto. Bang also talks about Castillo v Ferguson and what he expects to see. watch video >>
On episode 2 of UFC 177 Embedded, bantamweight champion T.J. Dillashaw and his long-distance coach Duane "Bang" Ludwig head to the gym for a fight week training session, before joining Urijah Faber and the rest of Team Alpha Male to celebrate the birthday of teammate and co-main attraction Danny Castillo. Down in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, former belt-holder Renan Barao packs his bags for his trip to the U.S. and the most important quest of his life -- reclaiming his UFC title. As the rest of the UFC 177 stars converge on Sacramento, the champ and other NoCal notables head 80 miles southwest to visit Oakland Raiders training camp. UFC Embedded is an all-access, behind-the-scenes video blog series focusing on the days leading up to the UFC 177 bantamweight title rematch, Saturday, August 30th on Pay-Per-View. watch video >>
MMA H.E.A.T's Karyn Bryant talks with former UFC fighter-turned-coach Duane "Bang" Ludwig and hears why he believes TJ Dillashaw will retain the Bantamweight title when he fights Renan Barao at UFC 177. Formerly the head coach at Team Alpha Male, Duane still works with TJ and discusses the success TJ had the first time he faced Barao. He also gives his thoughts on Chad Mendes vs Jose Aldo and more. Also be sure to check out www.GLCdirect.com, the only joint support company that has combined all 4 forms of Glucosamine to create full spectrum joint formulas. GLC 2000 and Actistatin are both trusted and highly recommended by MMA greats: Bas Rutten, Don Frye, Duane "Bang" Ludwig, etc. Be sure to visit http://www.MMAHEAT.com for more interviews and Boxing and MMA content. Nós falamos Português! * We're on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/MMAHEAT * Follow MMAHEAT on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/MMAHEAT * Follow Karyn on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/KarynBryant watch video >>
Duane Ludwig on his new GYM & his relationship with TJ Dillashaw Video by Paulie G www.FB.com/PaulieGMMA www.Twitter.com/PaulieGMMA watch video >>
Urijah Faber spoke to the media Thursday at the UFC 175 media day, opening up about facing Alex Caceres on the preliminary card on Fox Sports 1, his rift with Duane Ludwig, what happened to Chael Sonnen and more. Subscribe to our channel for more MMA videos! Click here: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=mmafightingonsbn - Check us out on Facebook (Facebook.com/MMAFighting) and follow us on Twitter (@MMAFighting)! - MMA Fighting http://www.mmafighting.com watch video >>
http://fightnetwork.com/ - Fight Network's John Ramdeen & Robin Black gives us the latest including Nova Uniao coach Andre Pederneiras calls for TJ Dillashaw vs. Renan Barao rematch in Brazil, Duane Ludwig moves on from Team Alpha Male; would corner Dillashaw against Urijah Faber on MMA Newsmakers. For additional coverage of MMA, boxing and pro-wrestling check out http://fightnetwork.com/ or follow us on Twitter at https://twitter.com/fightnet or find us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/ watch video >>
http://www.MMAWeekly.com/ -- Don't tell Duane "Bang" Ludwig that TJ Dillashaw beating Renan Barão a surprise. It was never a surprise to him. After al the preparations, as Ludwig said, Dillashaw had already been fighting Barão for months before ever setting foot in the Octagon. And those tears after the fight, they weren't tears of anguish for him leaving Team Alpha Male in Sacramento, they were tears of joy for Dillashaw's success. watch video >>


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Subject: American Seed Trade Association Newsletter
Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 15:05:51 -0400 (EDT)
American Seed Trade Association Newsletter
(Link inactive 29 September 2005)
(Link active 29 September 2005)
The American Seed Trade Association Newsletter is an electronic version
of the monthly print newsletter of the same title.
About the American Seed Trade Association
First-The Seed
The motto of the American Seed Trade Association (ASTA) expresses the
basic premise which underlies our industry; There is no substitute for
quality seed -- a fact of life dating back to the early settlers who knew
it as the difference between survival and disaster.
Who We Are
Headquartered in Washington, DC., ASTA was founded in 1883 and remains one
of the oldest trade organizations in America. Membership consists of more
than 800 companies in the seed and related industries in the United
States, Canada and Mexico. All members, regardless of size or product,
have an equal vote in the association's affairs and decisions.
Our Mission
ASTA is an organization formed and directed by its members as an effective
voice of action in all matters concerning the development, marketing and
free movement of seed, associated products and services throughout the
world with a minimum of regulations affecting its members.
To assure success of our mission, ASTA is guided by a comprehensive
Strategic Plan that clearly details problems, opportunities, objectives
and needed actions to meet the many challenges facing our industry and its
members now, and in future years.
What We Do
ASTA is involved in nearly all issues relating to plant germplasm. Primary
focus is on three areas of major importance to its members.
* Regulatory and legislative matters at international, national and
state levels.
* New technologies impacting all crop species.
* Communications and education of members and appropriate publics
regarding the above.
This encompasses a wide range of activities, including: lobbying for
industry-wide positions on legislation; continuing programs of public
relations; assuring member awareness of of environmental and conservation
issues; informing of new developments in plant breeding and biotechnology;
funding of selected research; maintaining positive working relationships
with technical societies; promoting international sales of U.S. seeds;
and conducting conventions, research conferences and meetings to educate
and encourage fellowship among members.
What We Believe
As outlined in our Strategic Plan, ASTA values and holds to these beliefs;
* Diversity of membership, in terms of company size, products and
geographic area served, is beneficial to the cultural environment
of ASTA.
* Development of policies and positions should keep both traditions
and vision of the future in mind.
* Well thought-out decisions usually result from a climate that is
open, relaxed, participatory and deliberate.
* One vote per member company shall be granted, regardless of size.
* Most issues are bottom-up driven from participants in committees or
* Intellectual property rights must be protected, and members who
invest in them should expect a return.
* Conflicts are best resolved via the ad hoc committee method.
* Members must be strongly motivated and commited to profitability
and growth in the seed industry.
* We must have good, visionary leadership with strong member
* We must be pro-active and monitor for new legislation and/or
Recent Contents:
ASTA Convention Update
Wheat Industry Research Initiative Symposium Scheduled for June 28
ASTA Monitoring Discussions on Ethanol
New Corn Use - Cleaning Polluted Water
ASTA Advocates Funding for Scab and Vomitoxin Research
National Garden Bureau Prepares Wildflower Tips
Biotechnology News
Europeans Renew Push for Labeling of Genetically Modified Soybeans
and Corn
U.S. Growers Fear Jeopardizing European Business
ASTA Signs Letter on Bio-Labeling
Biotechnology Committee to Hear from USDA Official
USDA Accepts 16.1 Million Acres for CPR Program
Welcome to New ASTA Members
The President's Column
ASTA and The Internet
Use the listing at:
(Link inactive 29 September 2005)


text:
What's New
• Added link recognition in field descriptions and instructions• Bug fixes
App Description
Entries is the easiest way to fill out your Wufoo forms right on your iPad.What is Wufoo?
Wufoo is all about making forms easy, fast and fun. With Wufoo's form builder you can quickly create forms to collect the data you need without writing a single line of code.
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• Supports standard and fancy pants field types
• Forms are optimized for efficient entry using native controls
• Automatically saves form progress so it's easy to come back to later
• Support for French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian languages
We love hearing from you! You can reach us by sending feedback to firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow us on twitter at @overcommitted to get the latest info on Entries and our other products.
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App Changes
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text:
Etrog Box Party Favor
I couldn't resist posting these adorable etrog box party favors that I made for my friend's sons Bar Mitzva which will take place this Shabbat. I have always enjoyed handing out green sour sticks and lemon candies (which resemble the lulav and etrog) to my little "Succah hoppers".This year, maybe I will make these etrog boxes for them as well. I might even make them for each place setting at my Sukkot table.
- small hard plastic boxes made by Celebrate It (available at craft stores)
- lemon candies available at www.ohnuts.com
- foam-which I took out of a real esrog box and cut into pieces
- labels designed by omgdesign.weebly.com
- Cut foam to fit into plastic box.
- Fold the foam in half and make a 1/2" slit.
- Place foam in the box and place the "esrog" in the slit.
- Apply printed sticker to outside of the box
For more great sukkot ideas check out Do It Yourself Sukkah Shelf, Flowers In Bubbles, and Chic Hanging Vases.
1 comment
Add yours-
1 So all that work to essentially give each guest one lemon candy? I don't get it.


text:
Go to m.barnard.edu for the Mobile Barnard web app or download it from the App Store or Google Play.
Go to m.barnard.edu for the Mobile Barnard web app or download it from the App Store or Google Play.
Some courses at Barnard College have significant off-campus components. Whether they require you to complete an internship (ex. Theorizing Civic Engagement), to register several hours of volunteer work, to attend cultural events, or to meet with other citizens of New York, these courses will allow you to combine practical experience with guided reflection and can be some of the most rewarding experiences you will have while engaging! Always feel free to contact individual faculty members with questions about any community-based learning within their courses, but here are a few tips to identifying these courses from their descriptions:
If you would like more information regarding any of the courses listed below, please contact each of the following course's faculty directly or take a look at the Barnard's online course catalogue.
Copyright © 2015 Barnard College | Columbia University | 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 | 212.854.5262


text:
Eastway Logistics may not have done business with every one of the 120+ offices, but we have certainly had dealings with over 80%. Some offices we deal with more than others, which is natural, but the level of service and assistance received is uniformly excellent. It never ceases to amaze me where business comes from, and the AGM's always seem to create a surge of new interest. The AGM's and general management of UFO is just brilliant. The effort Rachel puts into UFO is immeasurable, and this is evident in the high regard that all members have for Rachel and her team, and it shines through at every annual meeting. From my perspective, UFO is a very positive force to help drive my company forward in the next decade and beyond. UFO Ireland
We thank everyone who made our first time at a UFO Meeting a pleasant and enjoyable one! It completely exceeded our expectations to find such a wonderful partnership and friendship between members. It was so much easier for us to become part of the UFO Family and share not only the serious times but the funniest ones. Caribbean International Cargo (UFO Dominican Republic)
I must say that there is no United Nations community other than ours! The friendship that is between us is growing from strength to strength and country to country. There are no boundaries or borders between us. We come together from all cultures, ethnic backgrounds, religions, beliefs and are capable of maintaining great relationships whilst expanding our horizons. I am very proud to be a part of this family. | ||
Turk Heavy Transport, Bahrain |


text:
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Il Casello is situated in Verres a small pictoresque town few kilometers from Aosta. Il Casello opened in November... More Info »
Alpe Rebelle - trekking and gourmet - is first of all a place of trekkers, climbers and people who loves mountain and... More Info »
If you are looking for a budget hotel in a handy position don't look any further! Hote Bon Sejour is the right place... More Info »
Video guides, travel podcasts, city maps & free city guides. What to eat, where to stay and things to do and see - our travel guides have it all.
Find a guide »We offer the most comprehensive selection of hostels on the internet with over 35,000 great places to stay in 180 countries. The ultimate online resource for hostels everywhere.
Find great value hostels »


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quote:The New Orleans Saints are looking to add a center-hung video board to the Mercedes-Benz Superdome, team president Dennis Lauscha said on Monday's Black and Blue Report. Lauscha talked about a number of potential upgrades for the New Orleans Arena and Mercedes-Benz Superdome in his interview Monday. Lauscha said the video boards wouldn't be part of the "phase 1" changes (changes taking place this season) but would definitely be part of phase 2. "We are really pursuing (center-hung video board) for the Superdome," said Lauscha. "We are working on that right now. We think if we can add a center-hung video board to the Superdome it will really help our Super Bowl LII bid in 2018."
quote:Would cement the dome as the #1 host for the big game
quote:Are there still multicolored seats in terrace?
quote:quote:Are there still multicolored seats in terrace? No
quote:Saints are looking to add Center
quote:-Hung video board to Superdome
quote:center-hung video board


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When you want to create business applications for use by both you and your customers, offering the highest levels of scalability and security, use the powerful development tools and flexible APIs that the Axeda Platform provides. A complete IoT data integration and application development platform with infrastructure delivered as a cloud-based service that allows for even the most demanding requirements of custom IoT applications to be quickly built and delivered, rapidly integrating IoT data into your key enterprise applications and systems.
The Axeda Platform includes:
IoT Development Services
- A rich programming interface to access the complete set of Axeda Platform data and functionality, all using an easy-to-customize script based on Groovy, which is 100% Java syntax compatible.
- A powerful platform API with a rich set of built-in functions to access the core Axeda Platform data and asset functionality. Provides the ability to manage assets, query historical data for assets, search for assets, manage alarms and more.
- SOAP and REST-ful Web Services. Provides authentication, authorization, and transportation security. Enables you to exercise both Axeda platform APIs and custom logic developed in Groovy as easy-to-consume Web Services.
- Extended Data Objects allow customers to define their own objects, and create specific properties for each object. This provides a way to supplement predefined Axeda fields with customer-specific information. It is also possible to extend some of the base Axeda platform objects with customer-specific properties.
- Axeda Artisan, a system for developing Axeda Custom Objects and RIA applications, provides a modern IDE with superior Groovy language support to manage source code control and deploy it to the Axeda platform in a single command, without needing to log into the Platform Administration UI
Custom Applications and User Interfaces
- Create business applications for your use and that of your customers. For example, you can create a new web-based data analysis tool that enables customers to compare certain data from their server to that of another customer. Both static Web resources and Adobe Flash applications may be uploaded to the Axeda Platform, which will host it and make it available to other Platform customers.
- Extended User Interface Modules provide another way to expose customer-specific functionality directly into the Axeda interface. Display the output of a custom application or a Groovy script on the Axeda Asset Dashboard, providing content tailored for that specific asset.


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Meet and Communicate with Fun Singles Near You on JDate
Register now to search thousands of members and post your FREE profile!
See who's on JDate:
I'm brand new to Kansas City and looking to make new friends. Although I am not Jewish, I have always had lots of Jewish friends and ...
FirelightC is a 64yr-old single woman in Overland Park, Kansas
View Profile


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- About this Journal ·
- Abstracting and Indexing ·
- Aims and Scope ·
- Annual Issues ·
- Article Processing Charges ·
- Author Guidelines ·
- Citations to this Journal ·
- Contact Information ·
- Editorial Board ·
- Editorial Workflow ·
- Free eTOC Alerts ·
- Publication Ethics ·
- Reviewers Acknowledgment ·
- Submit a Manuscript ·
- Table of Contents
Liquid–Solid Forming under High Pressure
Call for Papers
Liquid–solid forming under high pressure involves the solidification coupled with deformation under high pressure which will improve the properties of materials or products without requiring the very high forming load. Squeeze casting is the typical liquid–solid forming process under high pressure proposed initially by Russian researchers in the 1930s. Later, semisolid forming process was proposed in the 1970s. It is worthy to mention that the international conference of semisolid processing on alloys and composites has been held for 12 times (one time every two years) in different countries. With the progress of technologies on the liquid–solid forming, liquid–solid extrusion process and other new processes were also proposed since 1980s. Recent advances have been made in the field of liquid–solid forming under high pressure which encourages us to summarize them up to be better developed in the future.
We invite investigators to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate the continuing efforts to invent more and more new liquid–solid forming processes under high pressure, to understand the strengthening mechanism involved in them by use of new experimental methods or simulation methods. We are interested in articles that explore aspects of processes and simulation in liquid–solid forming process under high pressure. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:
- Process development recently such as squeeze casting, semisolid forming process, liquid–extrusion process, continuous casting, and composite fabrication by use of LSFP processes
- Microstructure and properties of materials fabricated through the LSFP processes
- Modeling and simulation for LSFP processes
- Industrial applications of LSFP processes
Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ame/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/submit/journals/ame/lsfp/ according to the following timetable:
Manuscript Due | Friday, 9 May 2014 |
First Round of Reviews | Friday, 1 August 2014 |
Publication Date | Friday, 26 September 2014 |
Lead Guest Editor
- Qi Lehua, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
Guest Editors
- Hou Xianghui, Faculty of Engineering, Energy and Sustainability Research Division, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Guan Renguo, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Jiang Jufu, School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhou Jiming, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China


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Set your phone to see if this item is compatible.
Use the Nokia phone selector.
Note: You may be prompted during installation to download a large one-time update for your phone software.
by: ShowStopper
Social networks - 0.76 MB
WordPress Cutely!
CutePress allows user manage pages, posts, comments and media items on WordPress blogs. It needs an active GPRS connection or Wi-fi (on Wif-fi enabled devices) to access Internet.
It supports WordPress 2.7 or higher(WordPress.com or self-hosted).
Contact publisher for issues found in content:
http://theshowstopper.in/cutepress |
For all other issues, please go to support.ovi.com


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DX Engineering set new standards over ten years ago with the introduction of the industry's best clamps for mounting antennas and element tubing. Our tradition of innovation continues with the expansion of the superior DX Engineering Super Duty Saddle Clamp line. Now, a total of 8 tubing sizes can be mounted with ultimate gripping power. Commercial and industrial engineers and installation technicians all over the world have discovered a diverse range of applications for DX Engineering Super Duty Saddle Clamps.
Super Duty Saddle Clamps are designed to be used where maximum torque handling is required on aluminum, steel or stainless steel tubing. Conceived for use by builders of large and heavy Yagi antennas and Log Periodic arrays, these clamps are made in sizes that securely fit the outside diameter of tubing for mounting to a flat plate or surface. The new narrow Super Duty Saddle Clamps fit tubing with Outside Diameter (OD) inch sizes of 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00., and the original wide Super Duty Saddle Clamps fit 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 inch OD tubing.
Perfect for antenna construction and mounting or wherever standard U-bolt saddle clamps and other torque control products have proven inadequate, Super Duty Saddle Clamps provide maximum grip on booms, masts and element tubing. Unlike stamped or machined-type clamps, Super Duty clamps are cast from a rugged aluminum that grips tubing with a special textured surface and are sized for an incredibly secure fit that resists torque, wind and weather.
Super Duty Saddle Clamps include two cast aluminum saddles (two halves) and a stainless steel reinforcement plate for high strength and superior corrosion resistance. Due to the wide diversity of clamping applications where Super Duty clamps are beneficial, mounting hardware is NOT included. However, a complete line of Armor-Coated and new Stainless Steel Hex Bolt Hardware Sets are available for top performance in most mounting applications. Typical Super Duty clamp mounting applications on a 1/4 in. plate require a minimum length bolt set, as indicated in the chart, linked in More Details and displayed in Required Parts.
Plan your next project with the best clamps available... period. DX Engineering Super Duty Saddle Clamps are ready to provide superior performance for your antenna, mast or other tubing mounting application.


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- 5.5-hour tour from Killarney to the Gap of Dunloe
- Take the optional Jaunting Cart Ride
- Hike through the gap
- Boat ride on the Gearhameen River
- See Ross Castle
What You Can Expect
Once through the gap, boats are waiting on the Gearhameen River for the homeward journey via the enchanting Upper, Middle and Lower Lakes, to historic Ross Castle where coaches are waiting for the journey back to Killarney.
Customer Reviews
August 2011
Excellent trip. starting location was easy to find, the Jaunty Driver was very entertaining. The scenery was breath taking. The boats used on the lakes seemed a bit small but were very cozy. Lots of fun on this tour.
Sherri V
July 2010


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Start learning with our library of video tutorials taught by experts. Get started
Manage your personal and professional schedules better with Google Calendar.
Explains how to manage time in order to accomplish more.
"When a director at work asked for an Excel spreadsheet, and said "just use pivot tables, it's easier," I hid my ignorance, went immediately to lynda.com, and voilá! I now use pivot tables extensively." —Cathy N.
more from our members »


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Tide's reinventing the way you do laundry! New Tide Pods is a multi-dimensional laundry detergent that cleans, fights stains, and brightens in one. No more pouring. No more lugging. No more spills. Just toss one in—it's that easy!
Scent Varieties:
Spring Meadow
A bright, airy mix of spring greens and flowers.
Ocean Mist
The fresh, invigorating scent of an ocean breeze.
Mystic Forest
An enchanting blend of floral and woody scents.


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Cast-Iron Oyster Pan
Grilled oysters are a smoky summer favorite. Cook delicious oysters on the grill or stovetop with this cast-iron oyster pan. Pan features 12 depressions perfect for holding oysters on the half-shell and can be preheated to speed cooking time.
All Specialty Cookware
Sur La Table® Bamboo Steamers
$18.95 - $24.95


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Start learning with our library of video tutorials taught by experts. Get started
Learn how to shoot and edit green screen footage and images.
Shows how to use Photoshop to perform video editing tasks, such as lens correction, color grading, and more.
"As a teacher, I respect the way that your tutorials are hands-on and interactive. They are quick and to-the-point, and the teachers you have chosen are patient and concise." —Joshua M.
more from our members »


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League of Legends Season 2 World Championship Teams: Korea and Vietnam
Alec Levine / Oct 1st, 2012 No Comments
This article will continue the analysis of the League of Legends (LoL) Season 2 World Championship Teams. Last week we saw how Chinese teams Invictus Gaming, Team WorldElite, and Taiwanese team Taipei Assassins conquered their foes to qualify for the World Championship. This week we'll see how the Korean teams Azubu Frost, NaJin Sword and Vietnamese team Saigon Jokers cut down the competition to place in the World Championship.
To see last week's breakdown check out our piece on the Chinese and Tainwanese teams!
Azubu Frost
NaJin Sword
NaJin Sword took the Korean regionals by storm, by knocking out Azubu Frost's sister team Azubu Blaze. NaJin Sword's roster consists of captain and top laner Yoon "MaknooN" Ha-oon, mid laner Kim "SSONG" Sung-soo, jungler Cho "watch" Jae-geol, support Jang "Cain" Nu-ruh and AD carry Kim "PraY Jong-in. NaJin Sword is a relatively new team, being just over 4 months old. However with a former Brood War pro (watch) in their ranks, they definitely have the competitive spirit needed to do well at a huge tournament. However, Azubu Frost may be looking for revenge after NaJin Sword knocked out Blaze at the Korean regionals. If Azubu Frost and NaJin Sword meet at the Championship, it is sure to be a great game.
Saigon Jokers
Saigon Jokers seemingly came out of nowhere at the South East Asia finals. They took the tournament from the popular Singapore team "Singapore Sentinels". Saigon Jokers consists of captain and support Tran Huu "Junie" Nhut Minh, mid laner Mai "NIXWATER" Nhat Tan, jungler Ngo "Violet" Manh Quyen, AD carry Tran "Archie" Minh Nhut and top laner Nguyen Tran "QTV" Tuong Vu. Saigon Jokers are only slightly older than Korean team NaJin Sword, being formed back in April of this year. They have not made that many tournament appearances, however they were able to beat Singapore Sentinels at the regionals. Saigon Jokers may surprise the world and beat all of the powerhouse teams this October.
There you have it, all 12 of the teams competing in the Season 2 World Championship this October. The playoff series is set to take place October 4th, 5th and 6th, and the finals are scheduled on October 13th. With 12 amazing teams in attendance, the entire event is sure to go down in ESports history as one of the most exciting League of Legends tournaments to date.
tags: league of legends , lol , news


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Hinkley Point C
Development consent order granted
On 19th March 2013 the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change granted a development consent order to EDF Energy to build and operate Hinkley Point C and associated development. The decision follows the submission of EDF Energy's application to the Infrastructure Planning Commission (now the Planning Inspectorate) on 31 October 2011.
Read| the Planning Inspectorate's recommendation and EDF Energy's press statement|. Click here| for more information about Hinkley Point C's planning and other permissions and consents.
Visit the Hinkley Point C consultation page|
Sizewell C
EDF Energy is in the pre-application consultation phase to build a new nuclear power station at: Sizewell, Suffolk|
EDF Group Credentials| »
EDF Group is the leader in nuclear energy and safely operates the largest fleet of nuclear plants in the world. more about EDF Credentials|
The Technology| »
EDF Energy is planning to build a European Pressurized Reactor on its site at Hinkley Point. more about the technology|
EDF Energy UK| »
EDF Energy is one of the UK's largest energy companies and the UK's largest producer of electricity. more about EDF Energy UK|
Government Policy| »
The Government believes it is in the country's long-term interest that nuclear power plays a role in providing Britiain with clean, secure and affordale energy. more about government policy|


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News > Solar Thermal > Business
Joint venture to use solar to combat fuel poverty in UK
Today a joint venture, named 'AMP Solar UK' has been launched to combat UK fuel poverty.
Political parties urged to prioritise renewables ahead of 2015 election
UK environmental bodies have grouped together to lobby political parties for the upcoming general election.
DECC to respond to Community Energy Strategy 'by Autumn'
The Secretary for Energy and Climate Change, Ed Davey says he expects to respond to recommendations for the Community Energy Strategy this Autumn.
Solar Media launches new website: Next Energy News
The team behind Solar Power Portal and Solar Business Focus UK are launching a brand new website: Next Energy News
Renewable energy contributes 14.9% UK electricity in 2013
Electricity from renewable sources totalled 14.9% in 2013, according to the latest statistics released on Thursday.
Sainsbury's environmental efforts bolstered by £200 million corporate green loan
Sainsbury's has announced that it has agreed a £200 million corporate green loan that it will use to invest in its carbon reduction and sustainability projects.
Cities and local authorities can rival Big Six, says IPPR
A new report by policy think tank IPPR has suggested that cities and local authorities cap help plug the UK's energy investment gap and provide an alternative to the Big Six
UK set to miss carbon targets without stronger policy, warns CCC
The UK is in danger of missing its post-2020 carbon targets unless key policies are strengthened, according to a report published today by the Committee on Climate Change (CCC).
Greg Barker resigns and Owen Paterson sacked in cabinet reshuffle
Greg Barker, the minister for energy and climate change, has resigned from his role and will step down from the House of Commons in May.
Solar installers stock-up for RHI but knowledge gaps remain, says Travis Perkins
Solar installers in the UK have been equipping themselves to extend their offering to Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) technologies, according to SBS, part of the Travis Perkins Group.


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For many high school seniors, and college students alike, it might just be a few hours of your time. We know in today's economy families are trying to make every dollar stretch as far as they can and sometimes the financial aid offered through federal and state government and colleges or universities just aren't enough. Colleges and universities are spending every dime they have to help students just like you, but if you want a piece of the pie from all the dollars that go unspent every year you just might have to commit to a little time.
Outside scholarships are scholarships that are awarded outside of the normal financial aid processes and available through community groups, Fortune 500 companies and professional organizations. But how do you find these scholarships? There are a number of ways…I recommend starting with your high school guidance office. Your advisor has most likely been developing a list of scholarship opportunities from community and service organizations such as: Optimists, Kiwanis and Dollars for Scholars. Your parents may even be an unrealized source through their involvement in religious, social and trade memberships such as the Knights of Columbus, Masonic Lodge and the union local.
The corporate pages of Fortune 500 companies and scholarship search engines like Fastweb.com, College Board Scholarship Search and Sallie Mae's Scholarship Search are just a few good online sources. Many corporations will provide college scholarships for students who qualify, so it does not hurt to search the corporate website for scholarships. The scholarship search engines will ask for students to register and complete a student profile so the student can be matched up with possible scholarship opportunities. There are no guarantees and you still have to apply for the scholarships, these websites do give you a start in locating scholarships for which you may apply. One piece of advice set up a separate email account just for your scholarship search; some sites, not all, will sell email addresses to keep the service free.
- Start now and keep looking. Not all scholarships are offered at the same time.
- Apply, apply, apply! Cast a wide net by applying for as many scholarships as you can – you are bound to catch something.
- Don't discount any scholarship. A $100 can go a long way.
- Scholarship opportunities are not limited to graduating high school seniors. It is important that you apply every year.
- A little time and effort can net results. Don't overlook a scholarship because the application requires an essay or additional information that may time to create. Consider the amount of time it takes in relation to the potential return.
Kristine Butz
Associate Director of Financial Aid


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ProActive offers numerous healthy and safe programs and services to help you take and keep weight off.
For more information and to register for these programs, stop by the front desk or call 402.420.0000.
Katie Bolte, RD, LMNT, will be hosting monthly nutrition education classes. Join us for a fun discussion, samples and nutrition education. The link above will take you to our newsletter with the dates of upcoming classes.
Go to where healthy eating begins! Learn to look at your grocery store through new eyes as you gain tips and strategies for loading your cart healthfully.
Take your nutrition to the next level by working with our dietitian to build a plan for your eating success.
Allow us to help you revamp your cupboards, fridge and pantry while discussing with you how to restock them for better health.
Join our Registered Dietitian for a free nutrition class. These monthly sessions are geared toward new members and provide basic tips and strategies on heart healthy eating, carbohydrate counting and reading nutrition labels. A Question and Answer session will end each class.
The link above will take you to our newsletter with the dates of upcoming classes.
This open house style of nutrition education is a perfect opportunity to increase your nutrition IQ in just a few minutes, while giving you access to experts. Each event is led by a registered dietitian. These On-the-Go educations are FREE for members and are held by the waterfalls near the membership offices.
The link above will take you to our newsletter with the dates of upcoming classes.
To sign up to receive a monthly email with great nutrition ideas from Registered Dietitian Katie Bolte, email email@example.com, or call 402.413.3559.


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- Stage, Screen & In Between - http://blogs.denverpost.com/stagescreen -
The Beatles get the once over, twice this week
Posted By Lisa Kennedy On April 9, 2012 @ 9:46 am In Documentary,General | No Comments
Fab Four aficianados and newbies can learn a thing or two (that's a far too conservative estimate) at "Deconstructing the Beatles." [2]
Scott Freiman's traveling multimedia shows land in Denver Thurs. and Fri. at the Denver FilmCenter/Colfax [3]. The shows will travel to the University of Colorado — Boulder's International Film Series Saturday and Sunday.
What will the Beatlemaniac parse?
Two of the quartet's densest, richest albums: "Sgt. Peppers Lonely Heart Club Band" and "The Beatles," a.k.a. "The White Album."
To buy tickets to "Deconstructing Sgt. Pepper" and "Looking Through A Glass Onion: Deconstructing The Beatles' White Album," go to denverfilm.org [4] or internationalfilmseries.com [5].
Article printed from Stage, Screen & In Between: http://blogs.denverpost.com/stagescreen
URL to article: http://blogs.denverpost.com/stagescreen/2012/04/09/heralded-beatles-series-headed-to-denver-and-boulder/2339/
URLs in this post:
[1] Image: http://blogs.denverpost.com/madmoviegoer/2012/04/09/heralded-beatles-series-headed-to-denver-and-boulder/2339/sgt_pepper_11x17/
[2] "Deconstructing the Beatles.": http://beatleslectures.com/
[3] Denver FilmCenter/Colfax: http://www.denverfilm.org/
[4] denverfilm.org: http://denverfilm.org
[5] internationalfilmseries.com: http://internationalfilmseries.com
Click here to print.
All contents Copyright © 2013 The Denver Post or other copyright holders. All rights reserved. | Privacy Policy | This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed for any commercial purpose.


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In Stock
A midweight, breathable blend of woolly warmth, rider-specific support, and cushioning. Originally the Burton Party Sock was just called the Burton Sock. Then things started to evolve with technical features like a quick-drying, breathable, and super insulating Merino Wool blend, rider-specific support and cushioning, and no-irritation toe seam. That's when team riders like Shaun White and Jussi Oksanen found out about the "Burton Sock" and turned the whole thing into a big party.


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Red Bull team unveiled their second Renault powered car – RB4 – in Jerez, Spain. Same as its predecessor RB3 it has been designed by Adrian Newey.
As it became a trend in F1, it features the bridge wing, similar to what the team used towards the end of the 2007 season. It seems that Red Bull truly gives you the extra wings
The car is quite similar to the RB4. The main changes very likely took part under the chassis. Let's hope the team has found some cure for their reliability issues.
To remember how the RB3 looked like, here is the 2007 Red Bull F1 Screensaver
Red Bull also yesterday confirmed Sebastien Buemi as their reserve driver.
Toro Rosso team will be starting the 2008 season with their old car.


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Find Out When Your Favorite Artist Is Performing at the iHeartRadio Music Festival!
Rihanna, No Doubt and Jason Aldean are on the set list for tonight, but do you know who else is performing and when? No worries, Team Seacrest has you covered! iHeartRadio Music Festival 2012 just started and we will have all of the performances, fashion and exciting moments for the weekend. Keep checking back for photos, videos and updates on your favorite performers!
Will Pink Do The 'Shoulder Ripper' On Her Upcoming Tour?
Here is the set list for this weekend:
7:30p PT / 10:30p ET: No Doubt
8:00p PT / 11:00p ET: Miranda Lambert
8:30p PT / 11:30p ET: Megan & Liz
8:40p PT / 11:40p ET: Bon Jovi
9:15p PT / 12:15a ET: Jason Aldean
9:45p PT / 12:45a ET: Lil Wayne
10:20p PT / 1:20a ET: Swedish House Mafia
10:35p PT / 1:35a ET: Usher
11:05p PT / 2:05a ET: Green Day
11:50p PT / 2:50a ET: Rihanna
7:30p PT / 10:30p ET: P!nk
8:00p PT / 11:00p ET: Brad Paisley
8:30p PT / 11:30p ET: Calvin Harris
8:40p PT / 11:40p ET: Ne-Yo
8:50p PT / 11:50p ET: Enrique Iglesias
9:20p PT / 12:20a ET: Mary J. Blige
9:50p PT / 12:50a ET: Taylor Swift
10:25p PT / 1:25a ET: Linkin Park
11:00p PT / 2:00a ET: deadmau5
11:15p PT / 2:15a ET: Aerosmith
11:50p PT / 2:50a ET: Pitbull


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Monday, March 31, 2014
NEW WILMINGTON, Pa. - Opera Westminster will present "La Vendetta" at 7:30 p.m. Saturday, April 5, in Orr Auditorium. The program is open and free to the public.
Westminster students will perform scenes from Don Giovanni, Don Pasquale, II Barbiere di Siviglia, Falstaff, Gianni Schicchi, Le Nozze di Figaro, II Trovatore and Die Fledermaus.
The event is coordinated by stage director Dr. Anne Hagan Bentz, Westminster associate professor of music, and orchestra conductor Mihai Vilcu, Westminster adjunct music faculty. Marie Libal-Smith, adjunct music faculty, is the pianist. An orchestra of Westminster faculty, students, and guest musicians will provide instrumental support.
Contact Bentz at 724-946-6045 or email for additional information.
About Westminster College...
Founded in 1852 and related to the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Westminster College ranks first in the nation as "Best College for Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math," according to Forbes.com. Westminster is a top-tier liberal arts college and a national leader in graduation rate performance, according to U.S. News Best Colleges guide. Westminster is also honored as one of "The Best 378 Colleges" by The Princeton Review, and is named to the President's Honor Roll for excellence in service learning.
Nearly 1,600 undergraduate and graduate students benefit from individualized attention from dedicated faculty while choosing from 41 majors and nearly 100 organizations on the New Wilmington, Pa., campus. Visit www.westminster.edu/advantage to view "Advantage: Westminster" A Strategic Plan 2010-2020.


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Whole grains are loaded with good-for-you fiber, protein, and other nutrients. Plus eating three ounces of whole grains every day can lower your odds of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes. When summer cookouts are in full swing, you can sneak some healthful whole grains into your family's diet by sandwiching tasty burgers in whole-wheat buns. Wondering which buns to choose? The Good Housekeeping Test Kitchen tasted eight brands to find the best bites.
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