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Q Bar
7 Cong Truong Lam Son
District 1
Ho Chi Minh City
Tel: 84 8 823 3479
District 1
Ho Chi Minh City
Tel: 84 8 823 3479
Concierge.com's insider take:
The diva of Saigon's demimonde, Q Bar's unbeatable Lam Son Square location and red-eye hours make it a crossroads for sharply dressed night crawlers of all passports and persuasions. The long bar stocks nearly two dozen single-malt whiskeys and every fruity Absolut infusion known to man. The truly decadent will try a Cyclotini (Tanqueray gin, dry vermouth, and absinthe). Despite the blend of dance and techno music, the low ceilings and lighting in this subterranean warren of rococo rooms make for more of a chill vibe.
Opens daily at 6 pm.

subset: commoncrawl


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Well as i mentioned before, what is the other best thing about Street Fighter?
That your really interested in, that i do not know of.
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Well as i mentioned before, what is the other best thing about Street Fighter?
That your really interested in, that i do not know of.
tekken for me its just a great game and the charaters are cool
Before I sold my PS2 to EB(I was desperate for money, a game with anime girls golfing was released!), I was a fairly frequent player of Tekken 5. Given that it was sort of arcadey, I really liked it, since I enjoy games where I can button mash my way along until I figure out the specifics, my favorite characters, etc.. The story is rubbish, but it's a flipping fighting game, so I really couldn't care less. Side note: Hwoarang, definately my favorite fighter. Probably the only fighter I bothered learning moves with.
I never grew up with the Street Fighter generation, so I was never really a fan, or at least was never introduced to it much. Haven't had a chance to play DOA, although it's, uhhh, unique physics engine seems, uh, promising?
Anyways, it's probably hard to compare the 3. Tekken has always been Playstation and DOA has always been Sega/ Microsoft, so finding people who've played them all might be challenging. More challenging than say, me playing Tekken 5 without button mashing.
I perfer Tekken 5 thank you! I mean Street Fighter is good and so is DoA but Tekken in general is, better......A LOT BETTER. the story line for one doesn't take 6 years to progress. and there aren't like games that go back in time (Stab at SF) and also it doesn't have only 5 good characters in the game, and just don't have pretty eye candy (not complainin about the second part but its still a stab at DoA.) Thank you :joker:
well i like tekkan it was a good game. i liked the fighting even though i wasn't that good at it. XD
but yea um the story line was confuzing and i didn't really get it but the fighting was awsome so i had to love it. lol.
I'm one of those who grew up with Street Fighter... I got really really good at it... lol!!
It was also the game that made fall in love with the fighting genre... So in a sense it opened me up to Tekken... Which is now my favorite. ^_^ And everyone that challenges me in any of the Tekken series gets PWND. Because I rock. lol j/k ((I'm a bit cocky sometimes))
I've been playing the Tekken series since the first one came out... And I love the way the game series has progressed... Getting better and better. I don't have a console at the moment, so I've only played Tekken 5 a few times... It's gorgeous.
I don't really like D.O.A. I don't like the movements of the characters... I think if I had the chance to play it more often I would like it. But really, it just doesn't float my boat lol! Besides... I'm a Playstation girl ~ It's hard to break me away from my system. ~_^
Street fighter ftw!
just look @ this:
YouTube - Evo moment #37
Im better @ the super nintendo SF tho :p


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18 touchstone | january/february 2010
For Words at a Loss
The Church's Response to Miscarriage & Stillbirth Needs More Work
by Michael Baum, Andrew & Patricia Kishler
The day after Memorial Day 2009, our family attended a very small funeral at St. Tikhon's Monastery in the hills of northeastern Pennsylvania. The cemetery setting was lovely, the mourners few. The hand-dug grave was small and the coffin smaller still: a wooden box about six inches long, hand-crafted by a grandfather of the deceased.
We were burying our expected child, brother, and grandchild, who had lived only two months in his mother's womb. Our hearts wept as the officiating priests read the Orthodox funeral service for infants, including a line that compared our departed child to "a ship that passes and leaves no wake behind."
Like many such tragedies, the death of little Constantine made us starkly conscious of something we were largely oblivious of before, and it inspired considerable research and inquiry. We know now that death before birth is very common—so common that we can hardly believe how little attention it receives. Statistics on the frequency of miscarriage vary with source and definition, but the best estimates are in excess of 30 percent of all pregnancies.
Some authorities say that it is normal for couples to lose at least one unborn child, and only if it happens repetitively is medical intervention indicated. Yet society at large ignores the pre-born dead, and even our churches are often ill-prepared to deal with them and their bereaved parents, whether liturgically, pastorally, or theologically.
Hiding from Death
That society ignores or dismisses pre-born death is perhaps unsurprising. A nation in which more than a million pre-born infants are deliberately killed every year can hardly be expected to pay much attention to a few million more such deaths that occur naturally. Ignoring pre-born death is consistent with the way secular society routinely removes both birth and death from view—and miscarriage is both at the same time. Sterile language like "product of conception" obscures the reality of more accurate but emotional terms like "baby." Even the word "miscarriage" can be deceptively clinical, connoting some failed abstract process rather than a real human death.
The majority of those in the medical profession seem to regard pre-born death purely as a condition to be treated, rather than as the loss of a family member. Our bereaved mother, Patricia, received excellent and sympathetic care from her local providers, but little understanding that there was a baby involved. When she brought to their office the tiny amniotic sac and its contents, which she had retrieved after the miscarriage, in case they needed to do any tests, the doctor—a Romanian and presumably born into the Orthodox Church—asked: "What are you going to do with it?" Patricia's response, "Bury it," met with a blank stare of incomprehension. Resolution of the immediate medical situation seemed to spell an end to the entire incident, in the view of this medical group.
A much more helpful response came from her Chicago-based family-practice physician, also Orthodox and a great advocate of home childbirth. He gave her much helpful advice over the phone, including: "You have given birth. Rest a lot for the next two weeks. And name the baby."
Naming the child did help Andrew and Patricia immeasurably in getting through the crisis, and is actually one of this doctor's recommendations for all pregnant mothers early in their pregnancy, to begin their relationship with the baby as a human being. Indeed, many sources on pregnancy loss, both Christian and secular, recommend naming the child as, at the very least, a way of humanizing the loss and making remembrance easier.
If we cannot expect the world to know what to do with miscarriage or stillbirth, we should be able to expect better from the Christian Church. The nature of Christianity is to tackle, not turn from, unpleasant realities. Sin. Suffering. Death. A God who became flesh, suffered, and died to overcome sin and death. Traditional Christianity—and, indeed, traditional Judaism—does not sugarcoat or explain away unpleasantness. Instead, the Church provides means for Christians to live with and through the hard times, deriving strength from God and learning to "treat all that comes . . . with peace of soul, and with firm conviction that thy will governs all," in the words of the "Prayer for the Coming Day" by St. Philaret of Moscow (d. 1867).
A Higher Response
From a pastoral and community perspective, the Church should provide means of coping to all those bereaved by the too-common occurrence of pre-born death. First, of course, comes the mother, whose feelings of distress are often complicated by ambivalence. On the one hand, she may not feel "justified" in grieving for a child who society insists was not really a child. On the other, she may blame herself or search her conscience for errors of commission or omission that might have caused the miscarriage.
Patricia found herself comparing her feelings to the reactions of friends who had lost children, and feeling guilty for grieving too little—till she mentioned this "insufficient guilt" to Andrew and he pointed out that, even as she spoke, she was shedding tears. "Grief [in these situations] is not all-or-nothing," the Orthodox scholar Christopher Humphrey has observed. Mothers going through these difficult passages need the ministration of the Church in all its depth and breadth.
The other aspect of response to pre-born death is, of course, ministry for the departed. Our research turned up little in the way of formal liturgical provision for these deaths in most Christian traditions. Yet providing formal rites for the pre-born dead is justified by arguments both of definition and of utility.
The traditional Christian faith has always asserted that pre-born infants are human souls from conception. That is the underpinning of our categorical opposition to abortion. By definition, then, the pre-born deserve the rites of the Church like any other departed human soul.
The argument from utility has the same basis: If we so believe, then we should so demonstrate to the world, by treating these tiny departed as we do all others who die. Not to do so makes us vulnerable to charges of hypocrisy—which, indeed, some supporters of abortion have leveled against Christians on this very basis.
Admittedly, considering the pre-born as deserving the full rites of the Church raises some theological questions. But the questions do not go away if we ignore the issue, even as the world tries to ignore the pre-born dead themselves. Pastoral and liturgical response to pre-born death potentially could take many forms:
During a threatened pregnancy, praying for the mother and for the endangered infant as we would for an ailing "born" person. (One of our Orthodox pastors says the "prayer for difficult pregnancies" over all expecting mothers in his congregation, even if they are not in difficulties at the moment, and he also gives a special pregnancy blessing for them each time they receive the Eucharist.)
After the miscarriage or stillbirth, immediate care of and prayers for the mother's physical and spiritual well-being, and for her potentially mixed feelings of grief and guilt.
Ministering to the dead infant, commensurate with the attention given in that particular Christian tradition to other departed souls: anointing, prayers for the dead, funeral, and so forth.
Ongoing ministry to both mother and child: care for the mother during healing, reception as she returns to church afterwards, future commemoration of the dead.
Judeo-Christian Views
Overall, according to our researches, no church currently provides a fullness of response to pre-born death that parallels its treatment of death as a whole. Some traditions, however, come closer than others.
Knowing how Christian doctrines and practices have splintered during a millennium of schisms, we started by searching for some baseline in traditional Jewish beliefs. Judaism has splintered, over the centuries, perhaps as severely as Christianity, though in different ways.
Nevertheless, there are some common threads in Jewish practice. The Tanakh ("Old Testament"), while not dealing with the issue directly, makes clear in several places the value of the life in the womb. "The Lord called me from the womb, from the body of my mother he named my name" (Is. 49:1). "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I consecrated you" ( Jer. 1:5). Exodus 21:22 specifies penalties for a man who injures a pregnant woman and causes miscarriage, even accidentally; some interpreters believe that the death of the pre-born child requires the death of the one responsible.
Sadly, the rabbinic tradition does not seem to have taken these (admittedly indirect) indications of the humanity of the unborn child very far. Judaism does not specify prayers for dead infants. One rabbi, asked about this, simply explained, "This kind of death is not supposed to happen." But a less sympathetic explanation is that in traditional Jewish thought, at least as expressed by contemporary writers, the unborn baby is regarded as only a "potential" human being.
Also, the customary rituals for dealing with the dead are not specified until the child has survived at least 30 days after birth. Some authorities do call for burial of a fetus past 40 days of gestation, with suggestions that more complete rituals be added the further along the miscarried pregnancy was. But it appears that these provisions, many of which may have developed in recent times, are aimed more at soothing the grief of the parents than at ministering to the departed.
Now, it should be borne in mind that death, in traditional Judaism, is the end of life. Though belief in some form of resurrection formed a thread of Jewish thought long before the coming of Jesus, the focus was and is on this life, not the next.
For Christians, however, death is the door into eternal life. So the status of the soul even of one who has not seen the physical light of day is much more important, as are our ministrations to that soul. Perhaps for that reason, the Christian Church took deep interest in the unborn very early on. Tertullian, in the second century, referred to prenatal injury as "a loss suffered by what is already a human being." Other early Christian advocates for the unborn include Jerome, John Chrysostom, Basil the Great, the authors of the Didache, and many others. In taking this stance, the Church split with pagan and classical thought, and began to differentiate herself from Judaism as well.
Another factor that probably influenced Jewish (and some Christian) practice toward miscarriage is one we tend to forget: the high incidence of infant mortality throughout most of history. To put it bluntly, dead babies were just a routine fact of life when many of these old customs were spelled out. Even in the first half of the twentieth century, fetal mortality (over 20 weeks gestation) in the United States was at least three times higher than it is today. The relative lack of formal observances for the pre-born dead may have been a sort of coping mechanism to deal with unrelenting sorrows, or even a concession to the impracticability of dealing with so many funerals.
This does not mean that churches today cannot and should not do better, now that our medical technology allows us to identify early-stage pregnancies more read ily and to appreciate embryos and fetuses more fully as developing human beings.
Christian Practice Today
Rites for pre-born death exist in some Christian churches, but they are scattered, inconsistent, and largely dependent on the preferences of individual clergy or parents. One funeral manual from the Presbyterian tradition, for instance, states: "If [the parents] consider the stillborn child as having been a person who died, then a funeral service for a child is in order. . . . In the case of a miscarriage, a healing service for the bereaved is appropriate" (emphasis added) (from A Funeral Manual, Perry H. Biddle, Jr., 1994).
Various Evangelical writers have campaigned for a more systematic practice of services for miscarriages, but what currently exists is largely books and websites of advice, spiritual counsel, suggestions for prayers for healing—all positive and potentially helpful, but nothing formal, prescribed, or expected.
The current edition of the American Book of Common Prayer (BCP) has no provision for miscarriage, nor does the 1928 edition (or even the classic 1662 English BCP). The 1929 BCP1929 BCP of Scotland has one brief optional prayer within the rite for "the churching of women" to be said "in the case of trouble or bereavement," but it's not clear if it can apply to a miscarriage as well as to the death of any child shortly after birth.
Contemporary Roman Catholic practice provides a blessing that parents "may seek." It consists of prayers for comfort and healing, a reading from Lamentations (3:17–18,21–24), and the Lord's Prayer. Not a sacrament, the service can be led by clergy or laity. There is no provision for rites beyond that, and no mandated rituals.
The Orthodox tradition provides liturgical resources, though, as with other traditions, there are gaps, and the actual application of those resources depends on who is applying them.
We will base the balance of this essay on Orthodox resources and recent thoughts on the issue, with the expectation that the challenges, and our thoughts about how to address those challenges, could apply, mutatis mutandis, equally to other traditions.
Our Experience
Orthodox prayers and services for what seem like all possible situations are provided in The Great Book of Needs, which spans four volumes of about 400 pages each in the English version. The Book of Needs attempts to provide the assistance of the church in every aspect of our lives. For the occasion of a miscarriage, the book supplies "Prayer for a woman when she has miscarried/aborted an infant," and also a "churching" prayer for the mother on returning to church after recovery.
The first prayer was read for Patricia a few days after her miscarriage. Overall it was a great comfort, though a few phrases ring rather harshly on modern ears:
. . . According to Thy great mercy do Thou Thyself have mercy upon this Thy handmaid, who today lieth in sins, having fallen into manslaughter, casting out, willingly or unintentionally, that which was conceived within her; and forgive her transgres sions, voluntary or involuntary. Preserve her from every snare of the devil, cleanse her defilement, and heal her pangs. Grant health and goodly strength to her body and soul . . . by Thy great mercy restore her in her humbled body, and raise her up from the bed whereon she lieth. . . .
This prayer has been criticized as insensitive for the passages that lump together abortion and natural miscarriage. This stress on guilt may reflect the church's historical abhorrence of abortion and an "abundance of caution" should that be the cause of the miscarriage. In any event, according to Fr. John Breck, work is underway on a partial rewrite "to preserve the acknowledged link between human fallenness and physical illness, while avoiding the implication that the mother herself is morally responsible for the death and 'abortion' of her child." Yet our experience argues that preserving "the acknowledged link" will be important to this rewrite, and that even granting the insensitivity of some phrases, the prayer does touch on the sense of responsibility the mother often feels, whether justified or unjustified. One of the professors at St. Tikhon's Seminary said that in his pastoral experience, feelings of guilt and inner questions of possible responsibility often haunt mothers of pre-born dead children, and this prayer addresses these concerns.
And the prayer does not shrink from the gravity of the situation. We were always very aware that a real life had been lost, regardless of whether anyone was "at fault." The Book of Needs recommends pastoral counseling on the question of abortion versus natural miscarriage, while the prayer simply acknowledges the tragedy of a baby who died before birth, and seeks forgiveness if there is anything to be forgiven.
The other provision in The Book of Needs is an alternative "churching" prayer to be said over the woman on her return to church shortly after the miscarriage. This is a reduced version of the standard churching prayer said over every mother and baby when they first appear at church post-partum. The version used after miscarriage omits, of course, the language welcoming a new baby. But it does formally acknowledge that a birth occurred, that a life was involved, and that the mother's life in the church is resuming, with all the support that entails.
The Child
It is in the other aspect of ministering to pre-born death— services for the infant himself—where there is more room for improvement, or at least for clarification. There are no prescribed Orthodox services for a miscarried child: no funeral, no commemoration, no anniversary observances. This is because the unborn child is not baptized. Indeed, there is a school of thought that the pre-born dead cannot partake in the fullness of God's kingdom for his departed, and therefore should not even be buried in the same part of the cemetery with the faithful.
Thankfully, this custom—which has been condemned as "nothing less than barbaric" by Fr. Alexander Rentel, a professor of Orthodox canon law—is not universal and was not applied in our case. The funeral service for infants was read, with some modifications, over little Constantine. The monastic community at St Tikhon's stepped in out of loving concern and conviction regarding the sacredness of all human life, and made room for Constantine among all the other Orthodox awaiting the resurrection in that place. The only distinguishing aspect of the pre-borns' grave markers at St. Tikhon's is that they bear only one date. Other monasteries exercise similar care over the pre-born dead.
Some progress is being made toward addressing the perplexities of theology and custom that have inhibited pre-born funerals for the Orthodox. In March 2001, the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece set guidelines for burials of unbaptized babies, classifying children of Orthodox Christian families as "candidate members" of the church: "After the establishment of infant baptism, the unbaptized children of Christian parents occupy the place of catechumens." And catechumens may receive a Christian burial in the Orthodox tradition.
This decision by the Greek synod may be a welcome step toward ending the situation in which, in the words of Fr. Peter Jon Gillquist, "children who die in the womb are among the only human beings . . . denied any place in the liturgical life of the church." We look forward to the day when such precedents will spread across Orthodoxy and Christianity as a whole, and extend to the pre-born dead the full range of services for the dead.
Clarity & Witness
We do not suggest that the Church impose an inflexible regimen of ritual on all parents grieving a pre-born death. Some bereaved parents are reticent, particularly about miscarriage, especially considering the personal and societal ambivalence mentioned earlier. But the Church needs to offer clear direction to both clergy and laity as to what rituals are normal, basic, and available to assist her members through these difficult times.
With more extensive guidance, the parents of the pre-born dead might find great comfort in sharing their grief with the community, and the community would have opportunities to share sympathy and prayer.
And in so doing, we could begin to make a more public assertion of the truth that we all hold privately: that these tiny dead were and are human beings, created in God's image. That these deaths, like all others, have been conquered by the completed work of Jesus Christ. And that these small saints, too, will be raised with all the saints in glory on the last day by the One who said: "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you."
Michael Baum is a marketing consultant and writer with degrees in English and education from Yale University and an MBA from Northwestern. He lives near Madison, Wisconsin, where he and his wife attend St. Ignatius Antiochian Orthodox Church. Andrew Kishler is a deacon serving All Saints Antiochian Orthodox Church in Chicago, Illinois. He holds an M.Div. from Trinity EvangelicalDivinity School and has also studied at St Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary. His wife Patricia has a B.A. in English and Biblical Studies from North Park University; she is a homemaker, mother of two young daughters, and freelance writer.
(Photographs of the burial referred to at the beginning of the article may be found here.)


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I saw this on Discovery channel last night and thought it made a good scenario to post here. It actually happened in Utah (where I'm from) but it was quite a few years ago; I can look it all up and try to find old news articles if anyone is interested.
A woman goes into labor and goes to the hospital. A little while later a man enters the hospital with a shotgun in his hands. He is trying to find the doctor that had tied his wife's tubes after she had given birth to their eighth child. He wants to mess up the doctor that messed up his wife; apparently his wife didn't want more kids and authorized the surgery but he still wanted kids so instead of talking to his wife he decided to hunt down this doctor.
At some point he ends up behind the hospital with two nurses and kills one after she tries to take his shotgun (he also had a handgun). That was about the same time the police arrived on scene, so the BG and the other nurse went back inside. They ended up in the same room as the orginal woman that had come to the hospital in labor.
He talks to the police for a little bit and then he points his shotgun right at the pregnant woman's stomach and says that he will shoot the unborn baby if they don't bring him the doctor he is looking for. He doesn't end up shooting her and they move to another area of the hospital where he ends up surrendering later.
So for the purposes of our discussion; you are the pregnant woman's husband or the pregnant woman herself, I'll let you pick. As far as whether or not you are armed let's go with everyone's states laws; where I'm at I haven't found anything saying I can't carry in hospitals yet but I'm still double checking. Are there any federal laws on this?
As some of you know my wife is currently pregnant so this one hit me pretty hard. I know what my answer to this scenario is but I want to hear from everyone else.


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Do you know a technically challenged person who is always asking for your help with computer issues? A parent, grandparent, neighbor, or co-worker, maybe. If your answer to the question is an astounding "yes", then you should print the following flowchart to help teach them how to find solutions to their issues without bothering you. Check it out:
Leave a Reply
5 comments
There ya go, giving away IT Support secrets is bound to lose some of us our jobs. LOL
miky computers
Very nice ! THANKS !
Almost true. -
As soon as I read the title I knew it had to be that one. I've had it around for years on my pc (just in case.) LOL
It may be an oldie but it is still a goodie, and still holds true today.
And yes I do have a few computer illiterate friends.
Lol !! Nice one Ashraf :)


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the risk of transmitting the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other blood-borne pathogens through nonsterile finger-prick methods, such routine mass screening cannot be recommended.
In countries where malaria is highly endemic, the epidemiology is focal, the burden of disease varies greatly, and surveys that evaluate the prevalence of malaria infection can be particularly deceptive. For example, areas of both Papua New Guinea and the Gambia are highly endemic for malaria and have similar prevalences of malaria infection, yet the levels of malaria-related mortality in the two countries appear to be quite different. On the north coast of Papua New Guinea, few deaths can be traced to malaria, even among very young children (Moir et al., 1989), while in the Gambia, a quarter of all deaths in children one to four years of age are believed to be malaria related (Greenwood et al., 1987). Some of the differences may be explained by the fact that the population around Madang, Papua New Guinea, is relatively advantaged and has better access to antimalarial drugs.
Not all people in malarious areas are at the same risk of becoming sick or dying from the disease. Indeed, the risk of severe and potentially fatal infection with Plasmodium falciparum falls principally on nonimmunes, such as young children, immigrants from malaria-free areas, and pregnant women, in whom immunosuppression during pregnancy appears to be associated with a higher frequency of malaria infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes (Breman and Campbell, 1988). Despite this general pattern, and for reasons not well understood, not all individuals within these groups are at equal risk of becoming seriously ill or dying. Much of the most recent work in malaria epidemiology has thus concentrated on the identification of the variables that place certain groups at greater risk of illness and death. Central to this work has been a better understanding of the acquisition of immunity.
Acquired immunity appears to be relatively short-lived and depends on repeated exposure to the parasite over time. It is directly related to the level of malaria endemicity in a given area, transmission patterns, frequency of human-vector contact, and the length of time a person resides in an endemic area. The species of parasite present, the level of endemicity, and the biologic, behavioral, and socioeconomic characteristics of the human population determine the prevalence of infection and the distribution of disease.
An increasingly important issue in understanding the epidemiology of malaria disease is the availability and use of antimalarial drugs. With the spread of drug-resistant parasites, the effects of drugs on immune status and on drug resistance itself are issues of paramount concern.
By looking at malaria as a disease, epidemiologists are better equipped to assess the short- and long-term impacts of various control strategies,


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One Car, Many Freedoms
March 21, 2011 § 1 Comment
Like most couples, George and I owned two cars and never thought that much about it. But when we created the goal of paying off our mortgage, we started looking at our finances in a whole new light. We were forced to face the fact that two cars was one more than we actually needed.
Our two cars included my 2006 Prius for which I paid cash, which means I have no monthly car payment other than insurance. The other was the "bucket," a cobalt blue Saturn that smelled like spoiled dairy because I once dumped a hot chocolate out in the front seat. It's pretty obvious which one we decided to keep…
We live in a walkable town by choice, and we both work from home by the grace of the universe. We do pick up and drop the kids off at school (a new development – they used to take the bus, but our oldest switched schools last month), and we can combine that trip with grocery store stops when we need to. And if we go somewhere on the weekends we're usually all together. So, after George spent a few weeks worrying about the loss of his personal freedom and the implications of not owning anything but our shared house, he manned up and took the initiative to dump the bucket.
We were worried at first. We really didn't have any idea how inconvenient this might be.
You never know what life is going to throw you, and we are both types who like to be prepared. But after we got over the initial shock, we learned that living with one car actually helps us in immeasurable ways.
- We instantly lifted $500 per month in car payments and insurance (for a car that was rapidly depreciating). It's been two years, so that means so far we've saved about $12,000 in car costs ALONE, and that doesn't include gas. The bucket probably would have been paid off by now, but it wouldn't be worth what we paid for it, and we'd still have to pay for insurance and upkeep on what could best be described as a completely crappy car.
- With gas prices going sky high, we're thrilled not to have the extra expense (or to be lining the pockets of Big Oil any more than we have to).
- We only have to get one car serviced and cleaned, saving us even more time and money all year long.
- When George takes the kids for their monthly visit with their mom in Oregon, he rents a car.
- When one of us has the car and the other has an errand to run, we walk or bike – which is a healthier and greener way to travel. For example, days when I have to go in to the corporate office are often days that coincide with the boys' trip up north. When that happens, George rents a car at the airport five miles away and walks or takes his Citizen Bike to pick it up.
- We're more thoughtful about combining errands on trips, which frees up our time to do more things we enjoy.
Having one car has been an inconvenience a few times. Recently, I had to travel to the corporate office (it's 60 miles away) on the same day when both kids needed to be picked up at weird times from school. We rented a car and returned it the same day for about $35. Not my favorite solution, but the problem was solved cheaply and with just a minor out-of-the-way stop.
Also, I ice skate on Tuesday mornings at 6:45. George wakes up with me, drops me off while the kids eat breakfast, drives home, gets the kids ready, takes them to school and picks me up at 8:15. Then, we hit the grocery store across from the ice rink to pick up all of our food for the week. It's a lot of running around for George, but even he agrees that it's been nice having all of the shopping for the week completed by 9 a.m. on Tuesday.
Nowadays we hardly ever think about it. It's just one more little scheduling thing we have to work out, like what's for dinner or who's doing the next load of laundry. And as I send those extra checks to our mortgage company every month, I realize that NOT having the extra car is contributing to my family's freedom in a much more authentic way.
Here are some other bloggers who have experienced the one-car lifestyle. See what they've learned!
Matt Jabs at fivecentnickel.com
Kelly Whalen at the centsiblelife.com
Do you think your family could survive with one car by walking more, using public transportation or not going out as much? Is it possible for you to work from home? Does where you live support this choice or is it just too hard for you and your family to get around? Would you ever do something as drastic as relocating to a more walkable area to downsize your car count?
§ One Response to One Car, Many Freedoms
[...] the cell phone, I have no idea what the future holds with jobs or travel requirements. One car for the four of us has been working great for nearly two years, but we're open to the idea that we may have to get [...]


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By MATT GERHART
Tribune-Herald sports writer
Kip Cline grew up in Michigan, home to the 10-cent bottle deposit, the largest of its kind in the nation.
So whenever he had a chance, Cline, a boy on his bike, would scurry from place to place looking to bag cans to make a quick buck and buy snacks.
But the biggest payoff didn't come until recently.
When Cline, a man on his bike, rode down to Hilo Bayfront, he looked up and saw a good sign. It's not every day that the telescopes atop Mauna Kea are clearly visible.
"My goal was in sight," he said. "But the goal was still a long ways away."
It's also not every day that someone travels from Hilo to the top of Mauna Kea on a bicycle, but for Cline it came naturally. The 25-year-old is used to dealing with rugged terrain as a surveyor at Pohakulua Training Area. And while he's not interested in biking competitions, spur-of-the moment adventures are just his speed.
"I had an idea that I'd be training a lot, but it never actually happened," he said. "A month leading up to the ride, I only rode my bike three times.
"I just like to get on my bike and go."
Ascending roughly 13,800 feet for a trek of about 43 miles, the website climbbybike.com lists the ride from Hilo to the summit of Mauna Kea as the most difficult climb in the world. The ride from Spencer Park in Kohala to Mauna Kea is No. 4.
To make it official, Cline started with a dip in the Pacific near Waianuenue Avenue, and then he got on his road bike as the sun was rising. About 11 hours later he got off his mountain bike and was greeted by a dusting of snow on the peak just in time to enjoy a sunset.
He biked around the island last year on a four-day venture, but he said going over the island was a different matter altogether.
"This was the most strenuous ride I've ever done," he said.
Getting to Saddle Road was easy enough, though the new section of the highway where it widens was steeper than he'd expected. This being a solo venture and all, the day before Cline had strategically placed bags of snacks along his route, so he stopped periodically at his makeshift stations.
He switched bikes where he'd parked his car the day before at the Mauna Kea visitor's center, and then the real hard work began. Mile markers and curious passers-by in cars became his inspiration.
"Cars were honking, " Cline said. "A lot of people were leaning out the window taking pictures of me.
"I just had to make it to the next mile marker."
He donned hats, gloves and windbreaker at 10,000 feet for the grueling final 4 1/2 miles. What he wouldn't do, he thought, to be on a paved to road near sea level. By way of comparison, the second leg of the Ironman World Championship consists of an 112-mile highway ride from Kailua-Kona to Hawi and back.
"A nice cruise," joked Cline, who had to deal with uneven terrain and a steep grade.
"Dirt gravel and your tires spin out and if you stop you can't get started again," he said. "There are points you have to walk your bike until you find a firm spot on the road."
When he got to the top, Cline met four tourists from Germany who were amused by his journey and more than happy to give him a ride down.
"They thought I was crazy," he said.
It's unknown how many bikers have completed the trip from Hilo to the summit of Mauna Kea, but a few, including Cline, share their experiences at climbbybike.com.
Always one for adventure, Cline is debating tackling Mauna Loa next. That's ranked as No. 14 on the difficulty list, and he'd even consider going with someone else.
"The more the merrier, but I don't now too many people who would be up for that," he said.


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Upcoming Events
Stay Informed
Vice President for Development and Alumni Relations Appointed
Gary R. Olsen has been named vice president for development and alumni relations at The University of Scranton, effective Monday, Feb. 4, 2013. Read more
- University Response to Hurricane Sandy
Hurricane Sandy left unprecedented destruction across several states. Many of our alumni live in areas that were significantly affected by the storm, and we want to support you during this difficult time. Over 1,000 students and 6,500 Scranton Alumni currently live in designated disasters counties in NJ, NY, and CT.
The Alumni Relations Office is working closely with the Office of Student Affairs and the Center for Service & Social Justice, which are coordinating the student volunteer response from the University. As specific outreach efforts are identified, we will provide additional information. In typical Scranton fashion, members of our campus and alumni Scranton community are asking about ways in which they can help. Alumni interested in volunteering or coordinating volunteer efforts should fill out the volunteer form.
Finally, our thoughts and prayers remain with our students, parents, alumni, faculty, staff and all the communities that are recovering from this profound disaster.
- Spread the Word: Alumni Benefits & Services
As a graduate of The University of Scranton, you and your family have access to exclusive discounts, programs and services through the Alumni Society. Whether you need car insurance or just want to take an unforgettable trip with Scranton friends, your alumni benefits can help you and support alumni activities at the same time. The Alumni Society provides access to comprehensive and affordable short-term medical coverage for new graduates to keep them insured throughout the job search, as well as auto and renter's insurance. Read more about the benefits of being a Scranton alumnus athttp://www.scranton.edu/alumnibenefits.
- Eugene Kane Sr. '54
December 4, 2012
The late Eugene Kane Sr. '54 was recognized at recent luncheon conducted at Lackawanna College. He received the highest distinction presented by the college in recognition of his legacy as a business leader in the region. To read more,click here.
- David Wenzel '69, G'74
December 4, 2012
David Wenzel '69, G'74, one-time mayor of the city of Scranton, has filled his post-Vietnam life with many accomplishments, awards. This coming spring he'll host a series of four Vietnam-related documentaries for The University of Scranton's Schemel Forum. To read more, click here.
- John Houston, Ph.D. '72
December 4, 2012
John Houston, Ph.D. '72, an associate dean of graduate education at Fordham University, is one of three people seeking Clifton school board seats. To read more, click here.
- Attorney Thomas G. Parisot '78
December 4, 2012
Attorney Thomas G. Parisot '78 has been elected the new director of the board of directors of Thomaston Savings Bank. Parisot is a corporator of the bank and is a partner at the law firm of Secor, Cassidy & McPartland, P.C. in Waterbury and Southbury. To read more, click here.
- Nancy Norman Olivo, Ph.D. '81
December 4, 2012
Nancy Norman Olivo, Ph.D. '81, has been hired as the city of Suffolk's director of human resources. To read more, click here.
- Terrence P. Lenahan, M.D. '83
December 4, 2012
Terrence P. Lenahan, M.D. '83, an expert in pulmonary medicine and critical care, has been hired by Delta Media and will join its multi-specialty group of physicians and surgeons. To read more, click here.
- Dana J. Okeson '86
December 4, 2012
Dana J. Okeson '86 will be the first female to serve as Germantown Friends' head of school beginning in July 2013. To read more, click here.
- Joseph T. Kelly Sr., D.M.D. '89
December 4, 2012
Joseph T. Kelly Sr., D.M.D. '89, has been honored with a Lifelong Learning and Service Recognition award from the Academy of General Dentistry. The award recognizes his commitment to lifelong learning, volunteering services to people in need, mentoring new dentists and participating in organized dentistry. To read more, click here.
- Bernard Prevuznak, Ph.D. '91
December 4, 2012
Bernard Prevuznak, Ph.D. '91, was recently named the new superintendent of the Wilkes-Barre Area School District. To read more, click here.
- Joe Templin '98
December 4, 2012
Joe Templin '98 had no idea that his hobby, playing ice hockey, would eventually lead to a career, specifically becoming the Director of Boys Teams/Co-Owner of Selects Sports Management, Inc. To read more, click here.
- Lawrence T. Mattern '05
December 4, 2012
Lawrence T. Mattern '05, of Brian T. Kelly, CPA & Associates, has completed requirements for certification as a certified public accountant by the Pennsylvania state board of examiners. To read more, click here.
- Chad Mullen '06
December 4, 2012
Chad Mullen '06, who writes under the pen name C. M. Mullane, had his new novel, "The Mirror of Aberrantine," picked up by Northampton House and is available for download on any e-reader. To read more, click here.
- Tara Cobb G'12
December 4, 2012
Tara Cobb G'12 has been promoted to real estate lending support coordinator at First National Community Bank. To read more, click here.
- Michael Le '12
December 4, 2012
Michael Le '12, South Abington Township, started his studies at Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia in August. To read more, click here.
Alumni News
Alumni in the News
Death Notices
Click here to view our Death Notices page.


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Rising Temperatures Overnight…………..Weekend Outlook Based On Latest Data
October 12th, 2012 at 2:47 pm by Chad Evans under Chad's WLFI Weather BlogGOOD MODEL DATA AGREEMENT:
The evening looks dry & cool with mostly clear skies. With an east breeze, temperatures will fall rapidly into the 40s.
Clouds will be on the increase tonight. Temperatures will initially tank to 38-44, but they will then rise from southwest to northeast overnight to 48-54 by 8 a.m. There will be a light east breeze initially, but this will pick up a bit overnight & then turn to the southeast & south by 8 a.m. as warm front approaches & lifts northward.
With this warm front, it does appear a wave of some scattered showers & t'storms will pass late morning-early afternoon. Thing is, coverage will be 40%, so some of you will get poured on with thunder & some of you won't. For the afternoon-evening the temperature will surge from 72-77 from north to southwest. Wind will be strong to the south to southwest with gusts to 35 mph.
Saturday night looks mostly cloudy to cloudy with brisk to strong south to southwest winds. Temperature will not fall much to only 64-67. The average high temperatures for this time of year are 62-65.
Models are in increasingly high disagreement regarding timing & evolution of rain/storms (squall line) Saturday night-Sunday morning to afternoon.
What is certain:
Severe squall line will race eastward Saturday after starting out an individual supercells & multi-cells well to our west.
It will windy ahead of & behind front with gusts up to 40 mph at times.
This QLCS squall line will produce damaging winds & some tornadoes with large hail possible before storms gell into a line (when they are first more discrete) well to our west. I would not rule out an EF3 tornado on the triple point from Oklahoma to Kansas to perhaps Iowa. Oklahoma & Kansas look to have a better chance than Iowa of this, per recent analysis.
High pressure to our east, behind our Alberta Clipper, will recycle some dry, more stable air into our area. This will tend to weaken squall line with eastward progression, despite impressive dynamics. HOWEVER, I still believe a few damaging gusts or perhaps a very small, brief EF0 will be possible west of a Medaryville to Lafayette to Crawfordsville line given 80 mph low-level jet & 100 mph upper jet streak overhead.
Now Here's the Disagreement:
Some data waits to bring squall line in until Sunday LATE MORNING or midday. If this occurs & heating & instability transpire, the severe threat will go up for all or parts of the area. IF this happens, it would be a situation of having a weakening rain/storm band moving in from the west with new, discrete storms with hail, wind, isolated tornado threat popping on the outflow boundary of the band. This also affects when we get clearing on Sunday & whether we see those 70s BEFORE the rain/storms or after.
My Overall Feeling Taking This Into Account:
So, I like keeping the forecast status quo for now, but I cannot ignore some of the models diverging in their outcomes. If data continues to pull towards this more Sunday rain/storm option, then I will change the forecast.


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- dotTech - http://dottech.org -
Spectacular London [Wallpaper]
Posted By Ashraf On July 21, 2013 @ 7:09 AM In Miscellaneous | No Comments
That is the view of London from the 72nd floor of the Shard, known as the tallest building in Western Europe.
Click above for 2560×1440 resolution or click via link below for higher/lower resolutions. Also, be sure to check out Bgcall automatic wallpaper changer for Windows [2] to help you use all the amazing wallpapers [3] featured on dotTech.
[via Domicic Kerp [4]]
Article printed from dotTech: http://dottech.org
URL to article: http://dottech.org/117586/spectacular-london-wallpaper/
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[1] Image: http://dottech.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/london_wallpaper_2560x1440.jpg
[2] Bgcall automatic wallpaper changer for Windows: http://dottech.org/117076/windows-review-bgcall-wallpaper-changer-program/
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Chipmakers are eager to stake a claim in the new market that promises to make dumb things smart by connecting to the Internet.
Premium toasters can cost anywhere from $100 to $500. Are they simply expensive to appeal to the high-end market, or do they actually offer more bang for your buck?
These voice control devices prove that there's more to the smart home than your phone or tablet.
SmartRod has a bite-sensitive accelerometer. Just sit back and wait for the alarm to ring. Then reel 'em in.
Investigation into attack on JPMorgan Chase may have expanded to seven of the world's top banks, amid a report that hackers altered records.
As the H-1B debate continues, the tech industry faces an odd contradiction: a skills shortage along with an applicant surplus.
The former head of the CIA has said "we kill people based on metadata", but as Australia introduces new data retention laws, the country's security chief says he's "not quite sure" what the fuss is about. So what is the truth behind data retention, and why does it matter?
At the Defcon hackers convention, a security research group proposes an automobile cyber safety rating system that could go far beyond hacking cars.
Google finds a partner to work on contact lenses with built-in sensors, LeapFrog creates a video game console for little kids, and Fitbit gets fashionable with Tory Burch jewelry.
Revealed at the Wearable Technologies Conference in San Francisco: the "dirty little secret" of activity trackers and smartwatches is that they're still not worth it.


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Rock Creek Ranch Event Center
Serving North Texas
McKinney, TX 75071 | map
McKinney, TX 75071 | map
Visit my Website »
Maximum capacity: 300
Wedding services: Ceremony, Reception
About Us
Weddings are one of the most memorable times of his or her life. Rock Creek Ranch is here to bring this special occasion to you. From elegant and extravagant, to western all the way. Your imagination and RCR can make that unique wedding happen. After the beautiful wedding, the reception is on location in our 10,000 square foot rustic reception hall. All your friends and family can enjoy the night away with music and dancing.
Rock Creek Ranch Event Center is a wedding venue from Dallas Texas. We service weddings throughout the local area, including Dallas , McKinney , and DFW. Rock Creek Ranch Event Center is a professional wedding venue that has been part of the Dallas Texas wedding industry for 6 years. We specialize in weddings, corporate parties, fundraisers and school dances.


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Join your fellow patrons for a post-show dessert! A great opportunity to interact with the cast and production staff of our shows as we celebrate each opening night.
Little Shop of Horrors – Friday, Nov. 14, 2013Little Women – Friday, Feb. 14, 2014Black Comedy – Friday, April 4, 2014
CU and GRTS alumni are invited to spend intermission like a VIP with Alumni Relations as we celebrate the theatre department! Come to connect with other alumni, mingle with your alumni relations staff and enjoy some refreshments that take their cues from each individual show!
Little Women – Saturday, Feb. 21, 2014Black Comedy – Friday, April 11, 2014
Interested in what goes on behind-the-scenes of our shows? Our "Friday Night Talk Backs" will give you insider information as our directors, cast and crew answer your questions about the show.
Little Shop of Horrors – Nov. 22, 2013Little Women – Feb. 21, 2014Black Comedy – April 11, 2014
Attention English and theatre teachers! CU theatre invites your students to an exciting educational opportunity through live theatre. Engage your students with a collaborative study guide introducing Little Women, followed by a live performance! The cost for this event is only $5 per person. For more information or to register, call 616.254.1642 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
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The list of academic options at Oakland University is constantly growing. OU currently offers more than 120 undergraduate degrees and more than 120 graduate and certificate options. Students have the opportunity to participate in high-level research as early as their freshman year.
Check out Oakland University's admissions sites for application guidelines, academic programs and information on how to pay for your education. Sign up to visit OU for a campus tour or admissions event geared toward you. Apply online today at oakland.edu/apply — it's free!
From important registration reminders to daily events, stay focused on the finish line while getting the most out of your educational experience. More than 200 active student organizations take learning to a new level, while student service offices are here to help you succeed.
Over 100,000 alumni proudly call OU their alma mater. Upon graduation, you will automatically be welcomed as a member of Oakland University's very active Alumni Association. Alumni stay connected through networking, volunteering and mentorship programs.
Nearly half a million people visit campus each year to explore OU's cultural icons, such as the home to OU's founder, our very own National Historic Landmark. Be inspired by guest speakers from around the world, or awed by artwork, student, faculty and guest performances.
Your gift matters! Contributions from alumni and friends create opportunities that prepare Oakland University students to be leaders. Support the OU Fund (the area of greatest need), scholarships, athletics, the library, Meadow Brook Hall, or one of the hundreds of other areas that make Oakland unique.
The Grizzlies' growing Division I athletics program is a member of the Horizon League, one of the NCAA's top performing leagues. Athletes can also be found in dozens of club and intramural sports, or playing recreational games of disc or ball golf on one of OU's courses.
Please upgrade to a modern browser such as the ones listed below:
SEHS Advising363 Pawley Hall2200 N. Squirrel RoadRochester, MI 48309-4401 (map)(248) 370-4182 fax: (248) firstname.lastname@example.com
The Secondary Teacher Education Program (STEP) is a fifth-year secondary teacher education program leading to recommendation for Michigan secondary provisional teacher certification. This certification is valid for teaching content area majors and minors in grades 6-12, except art, foreign language, English as a second language and music, which are valid for grades K-12. STEP Program plans are available on the School and Field Services website. Students interested in STEP should seek academic advising from the College of Arts and Sciences Advising Office until they reach the first education course, SED 300: Introduction to Secondary Education.
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Sun Life Stadium & The Miami Dolphins: An NFL Distraction
Categories: Sports
Photo by Victor Gonzalez |
Football game, or Playboy party? |
When Darius Rucker sang the line, "I'm such a baby 'cause the Dolphins make me cry," on Hootie & the Blowfish's 1995 breakthrough song, "Only Wanna Be With You," he may have been referring to the team's 1994 heartbreaker against the Chargers. Then-kicker Pete Stoyanovich missed a 46-yard field goal that would've advanced the Fins to the AFC Championship; several fans allegedly cried.
It's been 15 years since the song climbed the charts, but its infamous Miami-centric line continues to resonate with Dolphins' fans to this day. We're not a good team, and making the playoffs every few years doesn't mean anything if we don't win. But it's only fitting that our home games have become another excuse for Miami to party. From stripper poles to mini-concerts to tableside bottle service, a Dolphins game is 100 percent 305. We think that's why last week's loss against the Bears didn't really bother us. We were too distracted having fun.
Photo by Victor Gonzalez |
West 24 Stripper Pole |
"C'mon girl, get up there," we heard from the crowd. "Take a shot, let's go."
We didn't have time to stick around, we didn't want to miss Juliette Lewis's performance with Joe Perry at Gate F, so we made our way towards the stadium and found a comfortable spot up front with other press folks. The Academy Award-nominated actress and Aerosmith guitarist were phenomenal, read about that here.
Photo by Victor Gonzalez |
After getting lost in the stadium tunnel, we made our way to section 226, better known as LIV. Earlier this year, the Dolphins partnered up with LIV nightclub to create the ultimate South Beach experience in the middle of Miami Gardens -- the West End Zone, to be exact. Now, we don't normally meet traditional SoBe club dress codes, but LIV Sun Life Stadium doesn't have a strict policy. The doormen were cool, hats and jerseys were plentiful, and drink prices weren't hiked up any more than the normal stadium rate of $9 for an imported beer. By halftime, we were sitting on a couch near the dance floor waiting for a waitress to bring us -- by us, we mean the people we were with -- a bottle of Johnny Walker. That's when we realized our night had to come and end.
Though we were technically at a football game last Thursday, we wouldn't be able to recap any of it. Not because we were any more or less drunk than usual, but because Sun Life Stadium is one big distraction. It's a distraction from the reality of Miami Gardens -- a community with one of the highest murder rates in the state -- and the Miami Dolphins -- a consistent stream disappointment. Oh well, at least we're too busy to cry.
Sponsor Content


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Baker Creative Productions is a Pennsylvania-based professional videography company serving businesses and individual clients in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Washington DC, and West Virginia. Our top-of-the-line video production equipment and editing systems allow us to produce cutting-edge media that exceeds expectations.
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Been wondering how you can get your mobile game into the spotlight? Are you ready to start making money off of your standout app? Karl-Johan Dahlström's session at AnDevCon – Get Rich or Die Tryin' – Building Success with Xperia™ PLAY – can help kick-start your Android™ development and your game into high gear. Read on to get more details about this speaker session, the AnDevCon event, and an exclusive discount.
Monthly Archives: October 2011
LiveKey™ SDK now includes emulator
Did you miss the release of the LiveKey SDK earlier this summer? No worries, it's still around, and now we've updated it with an emulator. The LiveKey™ functionality was first introduced in the new LiveSound™ hi-fi headset, and using it gives you direct access to phone functions or applications with the click of a button. Maybe you want a simple speed dial to your mom, or the weather report to be read by text to voice? The only your limit is your imagination!
We met with Magnus Helgstrand from Sony Ericsson Smart Extras™ to find out more about LiveKey™ app extensions.
Code examples using hidden Android™ APIs
Have you ever thought about using hidden Android™ APIs? A few weeks ago, Erik Hellman from Sony Ericsson's Technology research department presented a few examples of how these APIs could be used at Droidcon in London, and at Mobile Monday in Bucharest. We have now made Erik's hidden API code examples available for download.
Download and learn more after the jump.
Check out our latest Xperia™ pro demo video
Use the multiple APK support in Android Market
Google recently announced multiple APK support in Android Market™, which allows you to upload multiple versions of an APK for a single product listing, instead of having to upload a single APK file for every version of your product. We got the lowdown from Anupam Nath, a Developer Support Engineer at Sony Ericsson, who explains in more detail about how this new feature can help solve some of your issues when publishing your app on Android Market™. See more after the jump.
Game developer tip 5: Using proper versioning
If you haven't put much thought into how you assign the application versioning for your game, it is definitely an important detail you should keep in mind. Correct versioning makes it easier for you to maintain the development of your game, and makes it easier for users to keep track of what version they are running. This is the fifth in a series of tips that supplement the XperiaTM game developer recommendations. This tip expands on Packaging recommendations – PK6 in the list of game developer recommendations: For the final version of a game, the version value should be "1.0.0" or higher and the current APK version should be higher than for any of the game's previous releases.
Read more about this important recommendation after the jump.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Craven | |||
— District — | |||
View of south Settle from Castlebergh | |||
| |||
Shown within North Yorkshire | |||
Coordinates: 53°57′N 2°01′W / 53.95°N 2.02°W | |||
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
Constituent country | England | ||
Region | Yorkshire and the Humber | ||
Ceremonial county | North Yorkshire | ||
Founded | |||
Admin. HQ | Skipton | ||
Government | |||
• Type | Craven District Council | ||
• Leadership: | Alternative - Sec.31 | ||
• Executive: | Conservative | ||
• MPs: | Julian Smith | ||
Area | |||
• Total | 454 sq mi (1,177 km2) | ||
Area rank | 18th | ||
Population (2011 est.) | |||
• Total | 55,400 | ||
• Rank | Ranked 315th | ||
• Density | 120/sq mi (47/km2) | ||
Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | ||
• Summer (DST) | British Summer Time (UTC+1) | ||
Postcode | |||
ONS code | 36UB (ONS) E07000163 (GSS) | ||
OS grid reference | |||
Ethnicity | 96.1% White 2.0% S.Asian[1] | ||
Website | cravendc.gov.uk |
Craven | |||
— District — | |||
View of south Settle from Castlebergh | |||
| |||
Shown within North Yorkshire | |||
Coordinates: 53°57′N 2°01′W / 53.95°N 2.02°W | |||
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
Constituent country | England | ||
Region | Yorkshire and the Humber | ||
Ceremonial county | North Yorkshire | ||
Founded | |||
Admin. HQ | Skipton | ||
Government | |||
• Type | Craven District Council | ||
• Leadership: | Alternative - Sec.31 | ||
• Executive: | Conservative | ||
• MPs: | Julian Smith | ||
Area | |||
• Total | 454 sq mi (1,177 km2) | ||
Area rank | 18th | ||
Population (2011 est.) | |||
• Total | 55,400 | ||
• Rank | Ranked 315th | ||
• Density | 120/sq mi (47/km2) | ||
Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | ||
• Summer (DST) | British Summer Time (UTC+1) | ||
Postcode | |||
ONS code | 36UB (ONS) E07000163 (GSS) | ||
OS grid reference | |||
Ethnicity | 96.1% White 2.0% S.Asian[1] | ||
Website | cravendc.gov.uk |
Craven is in recent times the name of a local government district in North Yorkshire, England that came into being in 1974, centred on the market town of Skipton. In the changes to British local government of that year this district was formed as the merger of Skipton urban district, Settle Rural District and most of Skipton Rural District, all in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It comprises the upper reaches of Airedale, Wharfedale, Ribblesdale, and includes most of the Aire Gap and Craven Basin.
Additionally, the name Craven is much older than the modern district, and once encompassed a larger area. This history is also reflected in the way the term is still commonly used, for example by the Church of England.
Contents |
Craven: "The exact extent of it we nowhere find"—Thomas Cox, 1730[2]
Craven has been the name of this district throughout recorded history[3] but it was never defined until 1974; its boundaries differed according to whether considering administration, taxation or religion.[4]
The name Craven is probably derived from the pre-Celtic cravona, meaning stony region[5][6] and from the Celtic craeg, a crag: steep rugged rocks. These interpretations are supported by the Old English name of the wapentake that covers most of it, Staincliffe, being in effect a translation of crag: stán, stone + clif, steep rock face.[7]
The first datable evidence of human life in Craven is ca 9000 BC: a hunter's harpoon point carved out of an antler found in Victoria Cave. Most traces of the Mesolithic nomadic hunters are the flint barbs they set into shafts. Extensive finds of these microliths lie around Malham Tarn and Semerwater. Flint does not occur in the Dales, the nearest outcrop is in East Yorkshire. On higher ground microliths are found near springs at the tree line at 500 m (1,600 ft) indicating campsites close to the open hunting grounds. The valley woodlands were inhabited by deer, boar and aurochs, the higher ground was open grassland that fed herds of reindeer, elk and horse. No permanent settlements have been found of that age, hunting here was seasonal, returning to the plains in winter.[8]
After 5000 BC Neolithic long-distance trade is indicated by the distribution of stone axes many of which were of hard volcanic rock with a cutting edge made by polishing. Lithic analysis can identify their quarry source. Axes found in Yorkshire originate in central Cumbria and are found as far as eastern Yorkshire suggesting they were traded for the flint there. But most finds are in Ribblesdale and Airedale indicating that Craven was their trade route through the Pennines. Farmers permanently settled in Craven, bringing domesticated livestock and used those stone axes to clear woodlands, probably by slash-and-burn, to increase areas for grazing[8] and crops.
In the first century the Romans, having trouble controlling the Brigantes in the Yorkshire Dales, built forts at strategic points. In Craven one fort, possibly named Olenacum,[9] is at Elslack 53°56′27″N 2°06′58″W / 53.94078°N -2.1160°E.[10] Through this fort passes a Roman road linking two major centers: Bremetennacum at Ribchester Lancashire and Olicana at Ilkley Yorkshire. This road has been found by archaeologists to run northeast up Ribblesdale c1km east of Clitheroe and then to turn at 53°53′35″N 2°20′29″W / 53.893°N -2.3413°Eeastwards passing c1km north of Barnoldswick.[11] To the west of Craven another road has been proved to run north from Ribchester via Lancaster to the Roman Calacum near Kirkby Lonsdale. Although it seem inevitable that to complete the triangle there would be a third road direct from Olicana to Calacum, where the A65 now runs past Settle and Ingleton, indisputable traces of it have not yet been found by archaeologists. However a Roman farm has been uncovered at Gargrave on that route.[8]:39
To collect the Danegeld in 991–1016 the Anglo-Saxons divided their territory into tax districts. The Wapentakes of Staincliffe and Ewcross covered the region we call Craven but also areas beyond it such as the Forest of Bowland in Lancashire; and Sedbergh in Cumbria to the North.[12] The Church was still using these areas in 16th century.
The Great Domesday Book of 1086 did not use the later Wapentake district names in this part of England, as it usually did, but instead used the name Craven. In the west this included Burrow, Melling, Wennington and Hornby[13] in Lonsdale, reaching further west than any later descriptions. Archives[14] show that Melling included farmlands in Ergune (Arkholme parish) and Hornby in Ghersinctune (Gressingham parish) and some consider Craven may have reached c8 km further to the west coast.[15]
Although it suggests the length, the Domesday Book does not tell us the width of the boundaries of Craven, for in it only arable land was noted and ploughing was at that date a minor part of Craven agriculture, although cultivators had probably been reduced in numbers by the Harrying of the North. The valley bottoms are usually boggy, shady frost-hollows, with soils of glacial boulder clay very heavy to cultivate. So farms were limited to the well-drained slopes, but not too far up for that is unusable moorland. The band of useful soil in between is so full of rocks that grazing oxen was the living in Craven, with some sheep marginal.[16] Because grazing land was not tallied in the Domesday Book the full areas of the estates of the manors can only be induced[15]
Location[15] | Modern name[14] | Acres, approx | Hectares, approx | Taxpayer/s |
Chersintone | Grassington | 360 | 150 | Gamel Bern[17] |
Freschefelt | Threshfield | 480 | 195 | Gamel Bern |
Cutnelai | Cononley | 240 | 100 | Thorkil |
Bradlei | Bradleys Both | 840 | 350 | Arnkeld, Thorkil, Gamel |
Fernehil | Farnhill | 240 | 100 | Gamel[17] |
Childeuuic | Kildwick | 240 | 100 | Arnkeld |
Esebrune | Eastburn | 270 | 120 | Gamel Bern |
Utelai | Utley | 120 | 50 | Vilts |
Chichelai | Keighley | 720 | 290 | Ulfkeld, Thole, Ravensvartr |
Wilsedene | Wilsden | 360 | 150 | Gamel Bern |
Acurde | Oakworth | 120 | 50 | Gamel Bern, Vilts |
Neuhuse | Newsholme[18] | 120 | 50 | Vilts |
Lacoc | Laycock | 240 | 100 | Ravensvartr |
Sutun | Sutton-in-Craven | 240 | 100 | Ravenkeld |
Mellinge, Hornebi, Wermigetun | Melling-with-Wrayton, Hornby-with-Farleton, Wennington | 1080 | 440 | Ulf[17] |
In de hb (in the same places as Ulf) | Melling-with-Wrayton, Hornby-with-Farleton, Wennington | 180 | 73 | Orm[17] |
Tornetun, Borch. | Thornton in Lonsdale, Burrow-with-Burrow | 720 | 290 | Orm |
The farmlands were progressively taken from the Anglo-Scandinavian farmers and given to selected Normans. For example by 1086 all the lands listed on folio 327r under Craven had been taken from Gamel Bern and given to Gilbert Tison.
Location[15] | Modern name[14] | Acres, approx | Hectares, approx | Taxpayer/s |
Chersintone | Grassington | 360 | 150 | Gamal Bern had them. Gilbert Tison has them |
Lipton | Linton | 240 | 100 | Gamal Bern had them. Gilbert Tison has them |
Freschefete | Threshfield | 240 | 100 | Gamal Bern had them. Gilbert Tison has them. |
Estbrune | Eastburn | 240 | 100 | Gamal Bern had them. Gilbert Tison has them |
Steutetune | Steeton | 360 | 150 | Gamal Bern had them. Gilbert has them |
Glusebrun & Chelchis | Glusburn and Chelsis | 360 | 150 | Gamal had them. Gilbert has them |
Acurde | Oakworth | 120 | 49 | Gamal Bern had it. Gilbert has it |
In 1086 Roger of Poitou was Tenant-in-chief of the western side of Craven: Ribblesdale and the Pendle valley.[19] In 1092 he was granted also Lonsdale to defend Morecambe Bay against Scottish raiding parties. He ruled both until 1102. The lord of the east side of Craven, that is from Grassington down to Keighley and eastward, was Baron Robert de Romille. To defend against the Scottish raiders he built the first Skipton Castle in 1090.
Craven was still suffering from Scottish raiders for example in 1318 they severely damaged churches as far south as Kildwick.[20]
In 1377, in the form of Poll Tax records, the earliest surviving detailed statistics of Craven were collected. From them we can compare the income brackets of various occupations, and the relative worth of villages.[21] The records list every hamlet and village using the wapentake system.[22] The Wapentakes of Staincliffe and Ewcross cover Craven but also areas beyond such as Sedburgh to the North. Young King Richard II had commanded that poll tax to pay off the debts he'd inherited from the Hundred Years' War. Its first application in 1377 was a flat rate and the second of 1379 was a sliding scale from 1 groat (4p pence) to 4 marks. But the third tax of 1381 of 4 groats (1 shilling) and up was applied corruptly and led to the Great Rising of 1381.
The Deanery of Craven had similar boundaries to the Wapentake of Staincliffe and so included the following areas which are not in the modern secular district of Craven:
These valuable records also define the area by wapentakes. This tax was introduced by the government of Charles II at a time of serious fiscal emergency, and collection continued until repealed by William and Mary in 1689. Under its terms each liable householder was to pay one shilling for each hearth within their property, due twice annually at the equinoxes, Michaelmas (29 September) and Lady Day (25 March). The Yorkshire records of all three ridings are now completely transcribed, analyzed and available free online[23]
The hills and slopes of Craven are greatly involved in the history of sheep particularly in the history of wool. After 5000 BC the Neolothic farming movement introduced domesticated sheep,[8]:19 but the Roman occupation of Britain introduced advanced sheep husbandry to Britain and made wool into a national industry. Craven was made accessible by major roads from Ribchester up Ribblesdale and from York through Ilkley. The extent of a Roman villa farm excavated at Gargrave implies it practiced grazing on nearby moorland.[8]:39 By 1000 AD England and Spain were recognized as the pinnacles of European sheep wool production. About 1200 AD scientific treatises on agricultural estate management began to circulate amongst the Cistercian monasteries in the Yorkshire dales. These indicated the way to greatest profit was to produce wool for export.[24]
"The famous monasteries under the steep, wooded banks of Yorkshire dales began the movement that in the course of four or five hundred years converted most of North England and Scotland from unused wilderness into sheep-run."—George MaCaulay Trevelyan, 1926[24]
Fountains Abbey strongly affected Craven in upper Wharfedale, Airedale and Littondale. In 1200 the Abbey owned 15,000 sheep in various locations and traded directly with Italian merchants. On the limestone fells it held extensive sheep runs managed by granges located at valley heads to access both the moors and the rough pasture of valley sides. Many granges developed into hamlets. The Fountains' sheep administrative centre was at Outgang Hill, Kilnsey.[8]:60 By 1320 Bolton Priory's flock at Malham was about 2,750 and it built extensive sheep farm buildings there. Accounts show that a quarter of its cheese was sheep's cheese, and that most of the Priory's came from wool sales.[8]:71 It also developed fulling, sorting and grading into industries.[8]:95 Feudal Lords began to imitate monastic management methods for their own estates[24]:95 and in 1350 when the Black Death killed-off half the rent-paying farmers they had the bailiffs substitute sheep-pasture for tillage. The export of wool to the Flanders looms, and the concurrent growth of cloth manufacture in England, aided by Edward III's importation of Flemish weavers to teach his people the higher skill of the craft, made demand for all the wool that English flocks could supply.[24]:314 As the profitability of wool further increased some landowners converted all arable land into sheep pasture by evicting whole villages. Over 370 deserted medieval villages have been unearthed in Yorkshire.[25][25]:146 Henry VIII in 1539 suppressed the Monasteries and sold Littondale and the Bolton Priory's estates in lower Wharefedale and Airedale to Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland and Lord of Skipton.[8]:61 By 1600 the wool trade was the primary source of tax revenue for Queen Elizabeth I. Britain's success made it a major influence in the development and spread of sheep husbandry worldwide.
In more modern times the Industrial Revolution brought factory production of wool cloth to towns further down Airedale and many Craven families, made redundant by agricultural machinery, moved south to work in the worsted mills. However in 1966 the price of wool fell by 40% due to the increased popularity of synthetic fibres. Farmers complain it now costs more to shear a sheep than you can get for its wool and the result is reduced flocks. Although the tough wool of hill sheep is still used for carpet weaving, sheep breeding is now mostly for lambs to sell on for fattening for meat in low pastures.[26]:25
Woodland is an important component of the landscape and are crucial to scenic beauty. The small surviving areas of ancient woodland have high biodiversity value.[27] However the Pennines are now notably lacking in trees despite archaeological evidence showing 90% was woodlands before human settlement. Palynology indicates a coincident decline in trees and increase in grasses. The dramatic shortage of natural woodlands is due to overgrazing and direct clearance for pasture.[28] Since sheep are grazers not browsers they do not affect mature trees however they devour all their seedlings. With a much narrower face than cattle they crop plants very close to the ground and with continuous grazing can overgraze land rapidly. Ancient Common Grazing rights made it impossible to actively grow trees, even for fuel, because coppicing requires enclosure to protect re-growth from sheep.[8]:94 Since 2002 The Yorkshire Dales National Park has encouraged sheep farmers to switch uplands livestock to cattle since they do not graze so intensively. Traditional breeds such as Blue Greys and Belted Galloways can survive the harsh winters and live off the rough grasses just as well a sheep.[29] Since 1968 some moorland has been afforested by the Forestry Commission.[25]:132 Since 2005 the collection of indigenous seeds and propagation by the Dales National Park produced saplings for planting schemes that began in 2010.[27]
In the 16th and 17th centuries Longhorn cattle prevailed in Craven. Good quality bulls were bought communally to improve the livestock on the common land beside each village. In the 18th century they crossbred with Shorthorns: fully grown crossbreeds weighed 420–560 pounds. Some graziers of the Craven highlands also visited Scotland, for example Oban, Lanark and Stirling, to purchased stock to be brought down the drove roads to the cattle-rearing district. In the summer of 1745 the celebrated Mr Birtwhistle brought 20,000 head from the northernmost parts of Scotland to Great Close near Malham.[30]:53 In modern times dairy farming has predominated. After the 1970s Holstein Friesians became the most popular breed.[31]
Pollen analysis shows that the peak of arable agriculture in Craven was 320-410 AD. But outbreaks of pestilence in the 6th century and in the 7-8th century resulted in a shift away from ploughing to grazing. However, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the Danish Viking settlers "were engaged in ploughing and making a living for themselves."[8]:47 Cultivation lynchet terraces and ridge-and-furrow fields of the Middle Ages are visible alongside many villages particularly in Wharfedale and Malhamdale[8]:69 and tithe records show they grew crops of oats, barley and wheat[30]:21 and in rotation, beans and peas.[8]:71 But the wool boom of the 16th century caused most arable land to be turned into pasture. In the 18th century miller's records show they had to import wheat to grind and sell as flour[30]:21 but the farmers still grew oats for it formed the principle article of their subsistence, some made into bread and puddings[32] but mostly cooked as oatcakes.
"We were browt up on haverbreead and cheese"—Mr J Postlethwaite, 1940[30]:27
In the 18th century the national Board of Agriculture commissioned a survey of agriculture in the region with a view of improving it. This was published to the public in 1793 as General view of the Agriculture of the West Riding of Yorkshire[33] a 140-page book detailing every factor. The wide variety of soil composition resulted in tithes ranging from 6 shillings up to 3 pounds per acre and farms leasing from 50 to 500 pounds per year. It details by parish quantities of cattle and crop produced, their rotation and market value. The report recommended more wheat and turnips; more sheep and of better breed; criticized poor drainage and design of farm buildings and taught principles of farm management.
Average wages then paid to employees were 12 pounds per annum with victuals and drink; and to temporary labourers 2 shillings and sixpence per day with beer. Hours of work in winter were "dawn till dark" and in harvest time "six till six, with one hour for dinner and another for drinking". The author shows concern for their virtue and welfare.
Craven is administered by the Craven District Council which is made up of 30 councillors who represent the 19 wards that make up the district.[34]
For representation on North Yorkshire County Council Craven is divided into seven divisions and returns one councillor per division.[35]
On a national level Craven forms part of the Skipton and Ripon constituency which is currently represented by the Conservative Member of Parliament Julian Smith.
Craven District Council allies with other organizations:[36]
The largest town in Craven is Skipton. Other major population centres in the region include High Bentham, Settle, Grassington. Due to expansion the villages of Sutton-in-Craven, Cross Hills and Glusburn now make one urban conglomerate.
In the 1974 government reorganization of the shire districts some towns were lost to Lancashire but because of cultural history their area is known as West Craven. These are Barnoldswick, Earby, Sough, Kelbrook, Salterforth and Bracewell and Brogden.
The Anglican Church Archdeaconry 542 is named Craven and has four Deaneries: Ewecross, Bowland, Skipton and South Craven.[43] Ecclesiastic Craven is much larger than the civic District of Craven; in particular the north of Ewecross is in Cumbria county, the lower part of South Craven is in West Yorkshire, and south-west Bowland is in Lancashire county.
The Church of England is considering charging their boundary of Bowland to match that of civic Lancashire, but this is unlikely to happen before July 2013.[44]
The Deanery of South Craven comprises 20 parishes: Cononley, Cowling, Cross Roads cum Lees, Cullingworth, Denholme, East Morton, Harden, Haworth, Ingrow, Kildwick, Newsholme, Oakworth, Oxenhope, Riddlesden, Sildsden, Steeton with Eastburn, Sutton-in-craven, Thwaites Brow, Utley, Wilsden. Civic boundaries further contrast in that only Bradley, Cowling, Kildwick and Sutton-in-craven are in North Yorkshire, the rest are in West Yorkshire.
Craven comprises the upper reaches of Airedale, Wharfedale, Ribblesdale and the river Wenning of Lonsdale.
Craven was of great topographic significance for the historic North of England for it provides a low-altitude pass through "the backbone of England".[21] It was the Pennine transport corridor from Cumbria and Strathclyde to the Vale of York. Even Neolithic long-distance trade is proved by many finds of stone axes from central Cumbria.[8]
To the route's north stand limestone mountains of up to 736 m (2,415 ft) above mean sea level[45] and to its south lie bleak sandstone moors, that above 275 m (902 ft) grow little but bracken.[46]
To walk the Pennine moors is "potentially dangerous if the weather is bad and you are ill equipped. If the cloud comes down you will need both a compass and a knowledge of how to use it."—Jim Jarratt, 2006[47]
The treeless moorland gives no shelter from storms. Even modern Pennine transport can find it a formidable barrier for roads can be blocked by snow for several days. But the Craven route is a welcoming sheltered passageway, and also inhabited along its length.
The railway-builders sought the lowest course through the valleys of Craven and found that to be 166 m (545 ft) near Giggleswick scar at 54°04′27″N 2°19′05″W / 54.074167°N 2.318056°W, and 160 m (525 ft) just East of Hellifield at 54°00′00″N 2°10′00″W / 54.00000°N 2.16667°W a point labeled Aire Gap on maps.[48]
The nearest alternative pass through the Pennines is Stainmore Gap (Eden-Tees)[49] to the North, but that is not in Craven's league for it climbs to 409 m (1,342 ft)[45] and its climate is classed as sub-arctic in places.[50] The nearest low-level routes across the country are the 228 m (748 ft) Tyne Gap over 100 km (62 mi) to the north, or the Midlands just as far to the south.[45]
As the Ice age glacial sheets retreated from Craven ca 11,500 BC plants returned to the bare earth and archaeological palynology can identify their species. The first trees to settle were willow, birch and juniper, followed later by alder and pine. By 6500 BC temperatures were warmer and woodlands covered 90% of the dales with mostly pine, elm, lime and oak. On the limestone soils the oak was slower to colonize and pine and birch predominated. Around 3000 BC a noticeable decline in tree pollen indicates that Neolithic farmers were clearing woodland to increase grazing for domestic livestock, and studies at Linton Mires and Eshton Tarn find an increase in grassland species in Craven.[8]
On poorly drained impermeable areas of millstone grit, shale or clays the topsoil gets waterlogged in Winter and Spring. Here tree suppression combined with the heavier rainfall results in blanket bog up to 2 m (7 ft) thick. The erosion of peat ca 2010 still exposes stumps of ancient trees.[8]
"In digging it away they frequently find vast fir trees, perfectly sound, and some oaks..."—Arthur Young, 1771[51]
Vegetation in the Pennines is adapted to subarctic climates, but altitude and acidity are also factors. For example on Sutton Moor the millstone grit's topsoil below 275 m (902 ft) has a soil ph that is almost neutral, ph 6 to 7, and so grows good grazing. But above 275 m (902 ft) it is acidic, ph 2 to 4, and so can grow only bracken, heather, sphagnum, and coarse grasses[46] such as cottongrass, purple moor grass and heath rush.[26] Dressing it with lime produces better quality grass for sheep grazing - such is named marginal upland grazing.[46] This points to the advantage of Pastoral farming near Craven Fault where the lime is so available.
Sector | Quantity | % |
Manufacturing | 213 | 7.2 |
Construction | 369 | 12.5 |
Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants | 972 | 32.8 |
Transport and Communications | 157 | 5.3 |
Banking, Finance and Insurance | 760 | 25.6 |
Public Admin, Education and Health | 271 | 9.1 |
Other | 221 | 7.5 |
Economic forecasts for 2010 show that the Craven District's diverse economy, measured in Gross Value Added (GVA), is worth £1.14 billion ($1.87 billion) Since 1998 the value of the District's economy has grown by 45%. Craven hosts a variety of small businesses - 72% employ less than four people. Businesses that employ above 50 employees (2.2%) are mostly in the south of the District.
The business of agriculture revolves around the Market towns of Craven:
Market town | Street market | Farmers | Crops auction | Cattle auction | Other livestock |
Bentham | Wed | 1st Sat | - | Wed: primestock[55] | 1st Tues: dairy, sheep, seasonals |
Ingleton | Fri | inactive | - | - | - |
Settle | Tues | 2nd Sun | - | - | - |
Gisburn[56] | - | - | Thur: hay and straw | Thur: prime, dairy, sheep[55] | 1st and 3rd Sat: breeding, store |
Grassington | inactive | 3rd Sun | inactive | inactive | inactive |
Skipton | Mon Wed Fri Sat | 1st Sat | Mon: crops and produce | Mon: prime, dairy, sheep[57] | 1st and 3rd Wed: store, pedigree |
AHDB, the national Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board,[58] issues regional reports with constant updates on agricultural output:
Two thirds of Craven lie within the Yorkshire Dales National Park where traditional landscape preservation is required[36][62]
Silurian gritstones are quarried along the North Craven Fault line above Ingleton and in Ribblesdale. Lower Carboniferous Great Scar Limestone is also quarried in those areas and near Grassington; and Carboniferous reef limestones are quarried around Skipton.[63]
Occupation | % |
Sales and customer service | 6 |
Personnel services | 7 |
Process: Plant | 8 |
Administration | 10 |
Elementary | 12 |
Professional occupations | 12 |
Associate Professionals | 12 |
Skilled Trades | 16 |
Managers and senior officials | 17 |
Sector | Quantity | % |
Agriculture | 362 | 1.4 |
Manufacturing | 2,602 | 9.8 |
Construction | 1,759 | 6.6 |
Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants | 7,383 | 27.8 |
Transport and Communications | 781 | 2.9 |
Banking, Finance and Insurance | 7,522 | 28.3 |
Public Administration, Education and Health | 5,357 | 20.1 |
Other | 825 | 3.1 |
In 2008 there were 26,591 employed; 22% were self-employed. In 2010 each Full Time Equivalent (FTE) employee contributed £40,311 to the District's economy, representing an increase in productivity of 21.9% since 1998; an annual increase of 1.8%. The value of output per capita (estimated to be £19,703) has increased by 32% since 1998.[53]
The proportion of the working age population with high levels educational attainment is above the national average, and 40% of the District's residents have managerial and professional occupations. Also Lantra's Landskills offers workshops in efficiency and profitability in agriculture, horticulture and forestry with up to 70% funding. Caven is covered in Farm Business Support and Development and Yorkshire Rural Training Network.[65] Yet from 2004 to 2009 there was generally a decline in attainment of about 12% and the number of people in the District with no qualifications increased by 1.8%. Such people have reduced employment options, however Craven College[66] in Skipton is one of the largest Further Education Colleges in North Yorkshire and provides an outreach service to rural areas.[36]
Craven Museum & Gallery in Skipton is one of three museums in the district. It has obtained funding to deliver various projects:
As part of the projects above Craven Museum & Gallery staff worked with both the Museum of North Craven Life, The Folly in Settle[67] and the Grassington Folk Museum.[36][68]
Craven District supports arts through music, theatre, dance, literature, visual arts and festivals. Funding from the Arts Council England (Yorkshire) alone totaled £435,811 between 2006 and 2009. Grants from other sources including the Gulbenkian Fund and Esme Fairburn Trust totaling well over an additional £160,000.[36] A new exhibition gallery was opened in 2005 at Craven Museum & Gallery [4], Skipton, which now hosts a programme of exhibitions each year.
Craven Council opened the Craven Pool and Fitness Centre in 2003 and extended it in 2007. The Centre reached the semi-finals in the Best Semi Best Sports Project category of The National Lottery Awards. The Craven Active Sports Network develops opportunities for participation in sport and active recreation, sourcing funding for a variety of projects throughout the District, totaling over £14.5 million in 2001–2011. The National Sport Unlimited Scheme, delivering a programme of sporting activity to 1205 young people and teenagers, brought in £45,000 of external funding.[36]
William Craven of Appletreewick, born in a modest family, went to London and rose rapidly to became its Lord Mayor. He is sometimes referred to as "Aptrick's Dick Whittington" suggesting the story of Dick Whittington is based on his life.[69] William was born c1518 in Appletreewick near Skipton. At age 14 was sent to London to apprentice to a Watling Street Tailor. He qualified in 1569 and made such a fine impression that in 1600 he was made Alderman of Bishopgate; in 1601 he was chosen Lord Mayor of London and in 1603 was knighted by James I. He made benefactions to Craven Yorkshire, founding the school in Burnsall.[70]
William's son John founded the famous Craven Scholarships at Oxford and Cambridge Universities and in 1647 left many large charitable bequests to North Yorkshire towns including Burnsall and Skipton in Craven.
After 1660 William's first son William Craven was made the first Earl of Craven by Charles II. However, that title was eponyminous for the estate was Uffington Berkshire; he was in no sense a lord of Craven Yorkshire.
Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford owned and restored Skipton Castle in 1665.
River Wenning passing The Punch Bowl in Low Bentham
View of High Bentham from the Heritage Trail
View of Settle from Castlebergh
View back across the Ribble to Giggleswick Scar.
The River Aire at Gargrave
View of Skipton from Skipton Moor


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