text:
aka … Syrian marbled polecat; mottled polecat; tiger polecat; tiger stoat; tiger weasel; Pallung mush; sarmatier
It appears that the name "Vormela" comes from "Würmlein", an Early New High German word which means "little worm". Peregusna is taken from the Ukrainian word "pereguznya", which is for polecat.
So, our marbled polecat should really be called "Little worm polecat"!
Hmmmm - I must say that I personally feel "marbled polecat" is a far better description of our little friend. "Little worm polecat" just doesn't give it the gravitas the animal deserves
The shape of the marbled polecat's face is very similar to its cousin, the European polecat, but obviously its weird and wonderful markings are unique and it has long claws, which the European polecat doesn't.
You can see from this photo how the marble polecat's face is similar to the European polecat, with its short muzzle and stocky appearance.
The mottling on the back is reddish brown and buff yellow/white and the long hair of the tail is usually whitish with a dark tip. The fur underneath is dark brown or blackish while the facial mask is dark brown.
Vormela has noticeable ears which look large, due to the white fur which grows around the top of the ears. The fur on its face is black and white, with a white band across its forehead to below its ears. Its limbs are short and its front paws are strong, which helps it to excavate deep and roomy burrows. It also uses the burrows of other animals as its own den.
I absolutely love the above photograph - it looks to me like the polecat is dressed in a sari with a funny hat on its head! So incredibly cute!
The length (head & body) of the marbled polecat is anywhere between 29cm (12") – 38cm (15") cm. The tail is between 15cm-21cm long.
Weight : Females -- 295g - 600g; Males -- 320g - 715g.
They're not particular vocal, giving off grunts and a long shriek when being submissive. However, when alarmed, they give off shrill cries.
Like most mustelids, the marbled polecat can let off powerful "stink bombs" from its anal glands.
If the animal feels threatened, it throws its head back and bares its teeth, while letting out a hiss. It also puffs out its body and tail hairs (like our ferret's "bottlebrush"!) and curls its tail over its back.
This action makes all the contrasting colors of its fur more vivid and, together with the "stink bomb" is the marble polecat's warning sign. You could almost imagine it saying, "Back off, buddy, or else ….!"
Again, like so many of its cousins, Vormela is a solitary animal except during the breeding season.
According to Walker's Book of Carnivores …
"Investigations in Israel found each animal to occupy a home range of 0.5-0.6 sq km; there was some overlap of ranges and there were some encounters between animals but each foraged and rested alone. Observations in captivity suggested that males form a dominance hierarchy. In March, just prior to the mating season, all males that were housed alone underwent a conspicuous colour change – the yellow spots of the fur changing to bright orange patches. However, of the males that were housed in groups only dominant individuals changed colour."The mating season in Israel extends from mid-April to early June and some wild males undergo the color change described above at that time. Females kept in captivity gave birth 8-11 months after mating, meaning that delayed implantation is involved."
"The mating season in Israel extends from mid-April to early June and some wild males undergo the color change described above at that time. Females kept in captivity gave birth 8-11 months after mating, meaning that delayed implantation is involved."
A litter size can range between 1 to 8 young and the father has nothing to do with raising the kits. Only the mother cares for the young.
The kits don't open their eyes until they were approximately 40 days old, however researchers found that they begin to eat solid food when they reach 30 days old. They are weaned when they are 6-7 weeks old and leave their mother soon afterwards, around 8-9 weeks.
By the time females reach 3 months old, they are fully grown and have reached sexual maturity but the males take longer. They keep growing for another 2 months and reach sexual maturity at 1 year old.
The marbled polecat is a good climber but tends to hunt for its food on terra firma.
Its hunting times are at dawn and dusk and its diet consists mainly of desert and steppe rodents – ground squirrels, Libyan jirds, Armenian hamsters, voles, mole rats, gerbils – as well as birds, reptiles and other small animals.
A marbled polecat, caught in the wild, was approximately 8.8 years old before it died in captivity.
Distribution & Habitat
The marbled polecat is native to the following countries:
Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bulgaria; China; Georgia; Greece; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Kazakhstan; Lebanon; Macedonia; Mongolia; Montenegro; Pakistan; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Syria; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan.
It lives in areas ranging from sea level up to 2000m and is found up to 3000m in the Tien Shan Mountains.
Vormela is classed as "Rare" in Russia and it's being forced out of the areas in the Balkans, Ukraine and European Russia.
The reason for its decline on the steppes of the Balkans and Ukraine is because its rodent prey has been eliminated and humans have taken over its grassland habitat, much like what happened to the black-footed ferret in the States.
Because the animal occasionally eats poultry, it has unfortunately been eliminated from some parts of the countries where it normally should be found.
Although the animal is less rare in central Asia than elsewhere, it isn't common in that area.
It's well known to the local Bedouins in northern Sinai and the largest population in the Middle East is said to be in Israel.
Scientists have studied the movements of the marbled polecat via a tracking device and found that it moves up to 1km every night, it rarely used the same route over again and changed its den and activity area every 2-3 days.
Vormela is active during the night and at dawn and dusk; however it has been known to move around during the day.
It's listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable.
It was noted in 1945 that storekeepers in Kabul, Afghanistan, kept marbled polecats to keep down the rodent population.
Although humans have collected the marbled polecat's fur at times, they haven't been hunted solely for the purpose of that, unlike mink or sables for instance.
The Marbled Polecat as a pet
Around the middle of March I had an email from a someone in Kuwait who asked me if I could identify what kind of ferret she had if she sent me a photo of her pet.
Certainly, I said, imagining that I'd get a picture of a very dark sable or perhaps an odd looking silvermitt. Never did I ever think I would sent a picture of a pet marbled polecat!
His name is Emo and apparently he has the same sort of behavior as a ferret – jumping around and taking the food from his owner's hand. He also knows his name, which I think is so adorable.
Nadia, his owner, said that he's had a distemper shot from the vet and will be getting his rabies shot in April. She was also thinking about having his scent glands removed as, when Emo gets scared or frightened, he lets out the mightiest "stink bomb" imaginable and apparently it really hangs around the house and smells pretty strong!
Like you read earlier, marbled polecats have long claws and Nadia said Emo's nails are really very long. Apparently when he's awake, he's hyper active – climbing on the furniture, digging, chewing, and he loves exploring and getting into new places around the room. He also gets so excited when he sees her and runs around her.
He sounds like a real sweetie, and I hadn't realized how small marbled polecats were. He's not yet 5 months old and so has another 7 months to go before he reaches maturity, according to the information I posted.
Apparently Nadia had another marbled polecat which wasn't quite as sweet as Emo. She said he was okay when she first got him but got rather wild and aggressive as he got older. After a visit to the vet he bit her on the hand and drew blood, which was very painful - as you can imagine - and he'd let out the worst "stink bombs" if he got scared so reluctantly she had to return him to the pet store.
I think after an experience like that I would have been very wary about getting another marbled polecat but good on Nadia for persevering as it seems that, compared to her first polecat, Emo is very gentle and loving.
Apparently he eats like a horse now and Nadia is teaching him tricks, using food as a treat, as she says he's one smart cookie! She's going to be getting a leash for him and taking him out in the evenings, when it gets slightly cooler, so that he can go for walks.
I am so looking forward to getting more photos of Emo and hearing how he's doing as he grows and matures
Marbled Polecat in the wild
I also had a query from someone in Israel who asked me to identify the animal he saw while in a forest and, sure enough, it was a Marbled Polecat.
Nachem made up a video clip of this amazing creature so here's what they look like in the wild ...
YouTube clip made by Nachem Doron, Israel. Used with permission
How to say "Marbled Polecat" in other languages
Return from The Marbled Polecat to All About Ferrets


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KDE Sub-Project for Real Time Communication
Chat, instant messaging and video communication: the KDE Real Time Communication and Collaboration (RTCC) project wants to improve the integration of real time communication into the desktop environment.
Londoner and developer, George Goldberg, and his colleagues Abner Silva and Matt Rogers, have presented their plans in the KDE Wiki. They see the integration of real time communication as an important goal for KDE version 4. Stand-alone messaging clients, available to date, are poorly integrated into the desktop experience.
The RTCC project wants to use the free desktop framework Telepathy
Telepathy, that uses the D bus interface, to create a new infrastructure. Also, the developers plan to use existing code from apps like Kopete as much as possible.
First goal is to produce an instant messenger, similar to Kopete but with superior connectivity with other KDE components. Then voice and video. The sum goal of the vision is a variety of practical RTCC components that can be integrated into many different KDE applications.
The RTCC project are looking for volunteers, whereby knowledge of C++ is not entirely necessary. Contact can be made via the mailing list, or the channel #telepathy on the freenode IRC network.
Voice and video
KDE , Kopete and this new effort are all way too much lagging Empathy, pidgin .... in support of voice and video.
KDE announcements always show the bright future, but nothing in the present. some of us ordinary users are awaiting since... forever
Issue 173/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
Old Vulnerabilities Are Kept Alive Through Bad Configuration
HP's annual Cyber Risk report offers a bleak look at the state of IT.
Linus Torvalds Announces Linux 4.0
But what do the big numbers really mean?
Microsoft Frees CoreCLR
.NET Core execution engine is the basis for cross-platform .NET implementations.
New Trojan Attacks Linux Servers
The Xnote trojan hides itself on the target system and will launch a variety of attacks on command.
Cisco Releases Annual Security Report
Spammers go low-volume, and 90% of IE browsers are unpatched.
Zero Day Exploits Target Flash
Adobe scrambles to release patches for vulnerable Flash Player.
Intel Unveils Compute Stick
Four-inch-long computer on a stick lets you boot a full Linux system from any HDMI display device.
Obama Proposes Personal Data Notification Law
New statute would require companies to report break-ins to consumers.
TGXf Project Warns of File Transfer through Screen Pixels
Weird data transfer technique avoids all standard security measures.
Industry Giants Announce a Fix for the Password Mess
FIDO alliance declares the beginning of the end for old-style login authentication.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
First Nephi 1 reports in very brief but significant terms the essential facts about the call and public ministry of the prophet Lehi. These rich verses reward close examination. While many approaches can be taken to enhance our understanding and appreciation of the inspiration and courageous dedication of this father-prophet,1 the approach taken in this study seeks to examine several details in the text of 1 Nephi 1, attempting, among other things, to see Lehi's prophetic call in light of his world by inquiring how his words and experiences may have been understood by his contemporaries. In many remarkable respects Lehi had much in common with other prophets of God called in that classic era of ancient Israelite prophecy.
Despite the fact that the text reporting the call of Lehi is very brief,2 it employs several key words and images that were full of tradition and conveyed much meaning in the world in which Lehi lived. By understanding the significance of these ancient words and phrases, modern readers can appreciate many interesting aspects of Lehi's prophetic call. Especially important is Lehi's vision in which he sees God "sitting upon his throne, surrounded with numberless concourses of angels" (1 Nephi 1:8). It appears that by this experience, which compares closely with the so-called council visions of Old Testament prophets,3 Lehi became a prophet.
The engaging story of Lehi's call is familiar to virtually every person who has ever begun to read the Book of Mormon. It came in the commencement of the first year of the reign of Zedekiah (1 Nephi 1:4),4 king of Judah, in 597/596 BC. This was undoubtedly an unforgettably troubling year, for in the first part of December, 598 BC, Jehoiakim, king of Judah, had died. His son Jehoiachin, who was probably only an adolescent, was made king.5 Three months and ten days later, on 16 March (2 Adar), 597 BC, Jerusalem fell, having been besieged by the Babylonians (2 Kings 24:10–16).6 They deposed King Jehoiachin and deported him to Babylon, along with many of the leading citizens, soldiers, and craftsmen of Jerusalem (Jeremiah 24:1),7 leaving Jehoiachin's uncle, the mere twenty-one-year-old Zedekiah, on the throne as a puppet king.8 Therefore, at the time when Lehi became concerned about the welfare of his people, the still-insurgent Jews at Jerusalem already knew well the indomitable military power of the Babylonians and were in a weakened political position with an inexperienced, twenty-one-year-old king at their helm. The situation in Jerusalem was grave and volatile, if not already desperate.
Such circumstances as trouble in the land and the coronation of a new king often precipitated prophetic action in the ancient world. One scholar, for example, has argued from circumstantial evidence in the Old Testament that prophecy played an especially important role at or around the coronation of each new king. He suggests that the distinctive council visions and messenger prophecies of Micaiah (1 Kings 22:1–38), Isaiah (Isaiah 6, 40), Ezekiel (Ezekiel 1–10), and Amos (Amos 7:1–3, 4–6, 7–9; 8:1–3; 9:1), as well as Jeremiah's temple sermon (Jeremiah 26)—which have much in common with 1 Nephi 1—all occurred around the New Year, at "the epiphany and enthronement of Yahweh," the day when the king was typically crowned and the fates or destinies pronounced.9 If there is any merit to such suggestions, we may understand more clearly the sharply negative reaction which Lehi's public message evoked10 since it was apparently near the day when the Israelites were celebrating Zedekiah's enthronement, or at least "in the commencement" of the first year of his troubled reign, that many prophets, including Lehi, came forth and spoke out pessimistically against Zedekiah's newly installed regime.
Nephi reports that "there came many prophets, prophesying unto the people that they must repent, or the great city Jerusalem must be destroyed" (1 Nephi 1:4). Who were these other prophets and how do their words compare with Lehi's? Prophetic messages of judgment and destruction were in fact common among the so-called classical prophets of Israel who are known to have been active at this time. For example, during Lehi's lifetime, Nahum (ca. 612 BC) proclaimed the vengeance of the Lord on his enemies and marked the fall of Nineveh. Zephaniah (who also lived during this time) prophesied that God would sweep the earth completely clean and would stretch his hand over Judah to punish its royal house and to wipe out of Jerusalem all remnants of Baal (Zephaniah 1:2–9). "By the fire of his jealousy the whole land shall be consumed," he prophesied (Zephaniah 1:18). "Gather together, you unruly nation, . . . before the burning anger of the Lord comes upon you," he exhorted (Zephaniah 2:1–2; cf. 3:8).11 Zephaniah spoke doom against Jerusalem, calling it a tyrant city, filthy and foul (Zephaniah 3:1–8), while he also promised that a poor and afflicted remnant would be preserved by finding refuge in the Lord (Zephaniah 3:11–13; cf. Isaiah 6:13, which also holds out some optimism for the return or repentance of a remnant through the power of the "holy seed") and that the survivors would be rescued and gathered when the proper time would come (Zephaniah 3:19–20). Habakkuk (ca. 609–598 BC) prophesied during the reign of Jehoiakim12 of the destruction of the treacherous and of the overconfident, pronouncing five woes upon extortioners, exploiters, debauchers, and idolaters (Habakkuk 2:5–20), while also offering a prayer to God that he be merciful (Habakkuk 3:2). Jeremiah was also similarly active during and after Lehi's day. And indeed, there were undoubtedly many other prophets who arose during this time for whom we have no names (2 Chronicles 36:15–16).13 It is significant when placing Lehi among his contemporaries to see that he was not a lone voice delivering the messages of woe, destruction, mercy, and redemption. He likewise prophesied that Jerusalem would be destroyed and that its inhabitants would perish by the sword (1 Nephi 1:13), yet he also praised the mercy of God (1 Nephi 1:14) and looked forward to the "redemption of the world" (1 Nephi 1:19). Although 1 Nephi makes no explicit statement relating Lehi's message to that of his contemporaries, the point is evident: The people in Jerusalem in Lehi's day had been warned expressly and repeatedly.
Nephi also leaves the ill fate of these other prophets unstated. Only a few years earlier, for example, the prophet Urijah had been persecuted, had fled to Egypt, and was subsequently extradited, convicted, and ignominiously executed for preaching the same message that the prophets were again preaching in the first year of the reign of Zedekiah (Jeremiah 26:20–23). Similarly, 2 Chronicles 36:15–16 later explains what had happened to these prophets and why: "And the Lord God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, . . . because he had compassion on his people, and on his dwelling place: But they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, until the wrath of the Lord arose against his people, till there was no remedy." The fact that he was willing to deliver that very message entrusted to him by God, knowing full well that precisely the same thing would undoubtedly happen to him as had already happened to others delivering that identical message only a few months or years before, marks Lehi as a man of extraordinary courage, commitment, and devotion to the Lord and to his people, one of the hallmarks of a true prophet of the Lord.
It was also typical at this time for these prophets to work largely by themselves. "They fulfill[ed] their missions . . . alone as individuals,"14 although this does not imply that they were "detached from the mainstream of Israel's religious tradition."15 Lehi appears to have worked this way, acting on his own inspiration and initiative,16 for Nephi's account is silent about any involvement Lehi might have had with his fellow prophets. He may have gone forth and prayed unto the Lord (1 Nephi 1:5) because he was among the prophets who were already actively crying repentance in Jerusalem, but it appears more likely that he was profoundly moved to pray, motivated by the problems in Jerusalem and by the messages of the prophets whom he had just heard.
Lehi's first recorded impulse was to pray "in behalf of his people" (1 Nephi 1:5). In so doing, he was in harmony with the spirit of classic Hebrew prophecy that flourished during his day. A prophet who knows with moral certainty what will happen to his people has been characterized as having an "irresistible" need not only to deliver his message, but also "to intercede on behalf of his people."17 Such attempts by the prophets to try through prayer to offset the impending doom of all their people as a whole community have been identified as one of the notable functions of the classic Israelite prophets during the time of Lehi.18 Thus, Lehi's action would probably have been viewed by his contemporaries as being in tune with the spirit of prophecy in his day.
As Lehi prayed, he beheld a pillar of fire dwelling upon a rock in front of him (1 Nephi 1:6). From this pillar Lehi saw and heard many powerful things,19 but Nephi does not elaborate on who or what Lehi saw in this pillar of fire. Joseph Smith described how God, angels, and spirits appear in fiery manifestations; he taught, for instance, that "spirits can only be revealed in flaming fire and glory."20 From ancient sources, too, one learns that the appearance of fire, especially a pillar of fire, was a frequent mode of heavenly manifestation, sometimes of God and other times of his messengers or of the holy beings who surrounded him. God appeared to Moses in a burning bush (Exodus 3:2) and on a flaming Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:18); he also appeared over the tabernacle at night in a fire (Numbers 9:15) and over the door of the tabernacle by day in a similar "pillar of a cloud" (Deuteronomy 31:15). On some occasions in the Old Testament, fire was associated with God's messengers, especially those emanating from God's council (discussed further below; see, e.g., Psalm 104:4), whose fiery description can be compared with the appearance of Moroni in Joseph Smith—History 1:30–32; in other ancient accounts, fire was used to combat God's enemies.21 Thus, we cannot be certain who or what22 Lehi saw in the pillar of fire that appeared to him. Lehi could have seen God in this pillar, but since Lehi's vision of God himself is reported as the next stage of the vision, it seems more likely to me that what he beheld at this time was a messenger of God whose threatening words and presence, perhaps summoning Lehi, caused Lehi to "quake and tremble exceedingly" (1 Nephi 1:6).
Lehi returned directly to his bed, where the next part of his vision opened. There, most significantly, he beheld "God sitting upon his throne, surrounded with numberless concourses of angels" (1 Nephi 1:8). Such visions of God seated in the midst of his host assembled in heaven appear to have been particularly meaningful for people in Lehi's day.23 If the prevailing understanding is correct, it was by such a vision that a prophet received his commission, his authorization, his perspective, his knowledge of God, and his information about God's judgments and decrees. Similarly, from the texts of the Book of Mormon one can assume that in connection with his encounter with God and the heavenly council, Lehi likewise received his call to serve as a prophet of God, as the following details further show.
In many other texts from the ancient Near East, God is visualized presiding over and working with his council. Important relationships between this council and God's prophets have been scrutinized in recent years by several scholars.24 While the members of this council served several functions, such as accompanying their God in battle25 and giving "praise to his glorious position,"26 the council's most distinctive purpose was to govern the world by delivering the decrees of God.27 These decrees were typically issued to messengers or prophets who would deliver them to those affected. In earlier years, the prophets of Israel had delivered their messages primarily to the kings of Israel, but in Lehi's day, they typically directed these edicts, like imperial heralds, to the entire population.28
Three main elements common to most accounts of such council visions in the Bible have been identified. They are first, that God was described as surrounded by his numerous host; second, that the discussion of the council was brought to a conclusion by a council leader; and third, that the word of God was then stated to determine the fate of a person or group.29 The heralds of the council who delivered God's decrees were sometimes deities or angels; at other times they were human prophets, messengers, or apostles who were admitted in a vision into the council, made privy to the judgment of the council, and then dispatched to make their assigned proclamation. From the fact that many ancient Near Eastern accounts show the messenger delivering the identical words he received from the council, it has been concluded that it was apparently important to these people that "the message [be] delivered in precisely the same words that had been given to the divine couriers"30 and that this gave divine authority and legitimacy to the decrees the prophet or messenger delivered.31 That council, its decrees, its intimate confidences, and the heavenly principles upon which this council was based were known in Hebrew as the sôd (Greek mysterion),32 and knowing the sôd conferred great power and wisdom.
This understanding of God, his heavenly council, and the prophet's role as a messenger of that council has been derived from several passages in the Old Testament and in ancient Near Eastern literature. It was apparently fairly well understood in Lehi's day. For example, 1 Kings 22:19–23, as noted earlier, records the experience of the prophet Micaiah, who saw God and his council, heard its deliberation and resolution, and was sent forth with the decree of God:
And he said, Hear thou therefore the word of the Lord: I saw the Lord sitting on his throne, and all the host of heaven standing by him on his right hand and on his left. And the Lord said, Who shall persuade Ahab, that he may go up and fall at Ramoth-gilead? And one said on this manner, and another said on that manner. And there came forth a spirit, and stood before the Lord, and said, I will persuade him. And the Lord said unto him, . . . thou shalt persuade him, and prevail also: go forth, and do so.
Likewise, Jeremiah 23:18 (contemporaneous with Lehi) asks rhetorically about those who are true prophets: "But who has stood in Yahweh's council [sôd] and seen—and heard his word? Who has carefully marked [obeyed] his word?"33 This passage stresses the importance in Lehi's day for a prophet not only to stand in the council of God, but also to both see and hear what goes on there and then to carry out his assignment meticulously by delivering the precise words of the council's decree, just as Lehi does. To so report and do, it has been concluded, was certification in that day that the prophet was a true messenger of God.34
Our understanding of Lehi's mission as a prophet can be increased in this light. As Jeremiah demands of a true prophet, Lehi indeed beheld God and his assembly, saw and heard (1 Nephi 1:18, 19; also 1:6) what transpired there, and then "went forth . . . to declare unto [the people of Jerusalem] concerning the things which he had both seen and heard" (1 Nephi 1:18).
In Lehi's vision, God was surrounded by his numerous host. As described above, it appears that the host was typically viewed in antiquity as serving three functions—namely, praising God, delivering the decrees of the council, and accompanying God in battle. The first two of these functions are quite clearly present in Lehi's vision, and the third may be inferred. First, in 1 Nephi 1:8, the host was "singing and praising their God."35 Second, Lehi describes the members of the host as angels (literally, "messengers"). In both Hebrew and Greek, the words translated as "angel" or "apostle" can literally mean "messenger," indicating the likely presence here of the messenger function of these individuals in God's council. As in the paradigm above, a conspicuous council leader also came forth in Lehi's vision to deliver a book to him and to send him forth as a messenger. Third, while that was done, twelve others from the council then "went forth upon the face of the earth." Perhaps they were viewed as fulfilling the warrior function often served by these heavenly beings. The vision of Ezekiel appears to have been grounded in a similar manifestation. He saw "six men" come forth, each with "a slaughter weapon in his hand; and one man among them was clothed with linen, with a writer's inkhorn by his side" (Ezekiel 9:2).36 It is possible that the twelve whom Lehi saw were likewise coming forth to take their battle stations or warning posts, imminently prepared to execute judgment upon Jerusalem, but there is no express indication in 1 Nephi who these twelve were or what they did. They probably should not be thought of as archangels, as understood in later Judaism.37 Perhaps more relevant is the possibility that the number twelve may have had significance in the minds of Lehi and his contemporaries because multiples of twelve often had judicial and administrative significance in the courts and official bodies of Israel. Later, Lehi would learn more about the coming of the Messiah and his twelve apostles, but in the context of Lehi's vision up to this particular point, these twelve would probably have been thought of as functioning in the role of executing God's judgment, rather than in the other roles they would later fulfill during Jesus' earthly ministry.38
The leader of this council was exceptionally glorious ("his luster was above that of the sun at noon-day," 1 Nephi 1:9; cf. Acts 22:6; Joseph Smith—History 1:30), but beyond that he is not specifically identified in the text. It may be that this principal messenger was one of the angels, if the pronoun one in 1 Nephi 1:9 refers to "one" of the angels, which would be the closest plural antecedent out of which "one" might have been identified. On the other hand, it seems more likely that the "One descending" was the Holy One of Israel, the Lord himself, who then had left his throne to deliver in person his decree to his messenger the prophet,39 for as in Amos 3:7 the Lord God himself "reveal[s] his secrets (sôd) unto his servants the prophets." Under this understanding, the one who came down40 to speak to Lehi was the God himself who had been initially seated on his throne, and thus Lehi's exclamation "unto the Lord" at the conclusion of his vision, extolling the highness of his throne (1 Nephi 1:14), should be understood as having been made in a direct personal statement to that God, Christ himself, as he stood right before Lehi (1 Nephi 1:11).41
The edict delivered to Lehi contained the judgments of God and his council upon the city of Jerusalem.42 It began with a curse upon the city: "Wo, wo, unto Jerusalem, for I have seen thine abominations!" (1 Nephi 1:13; cf. Ezekiel 2:10).43 From this decree, Lehi learned many other things about the destruction of Jerusalem by the sword (1 Nephi 1:13; cf. David's vision in 1 Chronicles 21:16); he also read there about the coming of a Messiah and, as others too had prophesied about the eventual recovery of the scattered remnant (cf. Zephaniah 3:19–20), about "the redemption of the world" (1 Nephi 1:19).
It is interesting that Lehi read this information in "a book" (1 Nephi 1:11).44 The book may have been a scroll, or it could have been composed of tablets. A close analogue to 1 Nephi 1:11 is found in the contemporary writings of Habakkuk, where the Lord spoke to Habakkuk about the preparation of a book that a herald from the Lord's council was to carry forth with speed: "And the Lord answered me, and said, Write the vision, and make it plain upon tables, that he may run that readeth it" (Habakkuk 2:2). Equally, it appears that the unstated instruction to Lehi was that he should deliver his message posthaste.45 The fact that Lehi was handed a written decree may also reflect the contemporary legal and political practices of his day. Some have theorized that preclassical, nonwritten prophecy flourished in the ninth and tenth centuries BC in part because at that time an "oral message was still regarded as an authoritative decree."46 During Lehi's day, however, written edicts under the Assyrian practice had become the standard legal mode of issuing proclamations and prophets were more concerned with writing, and thus the authoritativeness of Lehi's words in the minds of his listeners was probably enhanced by the fact that he could report that he had read these words in a written decree.
Lehi's reaction to this edict was profoundly spiritual. "He was filled with the Spirit of the Lord," and "his soul did rejoice, and his whole heart was filled" (1 Nephi 1:12, 15). He spontaneously and eloquently joined the heavenly host in praising God. By so doing he functionally, if not constitutionally, joined the council as one of its members. Since his words seem to reflect poetic composition similar to exaltations of God's controlling power and wisdom found in ancient Near Eastern literature,47 it may have been that Lehi, too, sang his words of praise, like other hymns or psalms of praise in his day were sung:
Great and marvelous are thy works,
O Lord God Almighty!
Thy throne is high in the heavens.
and thy power, and goodness, and mercy
are over all the inhabitants of the earth;
and, because thou art merciful,
thou wilt not suffer those who come unto thee
that they shall perish! (1 Nephi 1:14).
Lehi next "went forth among the people, and began to prophesy and to declare unto them" what he had "seen and heard" (1 Nephi 1:18). He had little choice but to speak out, in the sense that he, like the other prophets of God, was impelled and constrained by the Spirit. Prophets speak because they must and because they cannot hold back what they know. Lehi probably also knew, like Ezekiel, that if he did not deliver the warning that God had commanded him to speak, then the blood of all the wicked would be required at his hand, but if he warned the wicked, then he would save his own soul (Ezekiel 3:17–19).
His message was one of testimony. "He truly testified of their wickedness and their abominations" (1 Nephi 1:19). Since Lehi had seen the facts in the council and in the book, he could stand as a witness and testify against the people, much as a plaintiff would lodge a complaint or accusation against a defendant or lawbreaker. If he spoke like the other prophets of his day, Lehi's testimony was punctuated with blunt, declarative statements, offering no excuses, rationales, theological justifications, or explanations. He simply declared the message he had been told to give. Thus, like several other prophets at this time who brought so-called prophetic lawsuits against the people of Israel or those in the Book of Mormon,48 Lehi issued a declarative testimony or affidavit against the wickedness of the people in Jerusalem. In addition, he could also deliver the verdict, as in the formulaic prophetic judgment speeches of other contemporaneous prophets,49 for the verdict in heaven had already been handed down.
While Lehi's reference to the redemption of the world offered hope to the people of Jerusalem that they would someday be bought back from this foreclosure and that the world would eventually be saved (1 Nephi 1:19), even though it be utterly wasted (cf. Zephaniah 1:2), the reaction to his message was still predictable. The people became angry and tried to kill him. Since they were law-abiding citizens, they probably raised some technical charge of treason or false prophecy against Lehi, as they did against Jeremiah (Jeremiah 26:11), but their underlying motive would more likely be found in the fact that Lehi, like so many prophets, spoke concerning the coming of a Messiah to overthrow the wicked establishment. In the face of this threat, and just as the Lord also promised to protect Jeremiah, the Lord delivered Lehi, for, as Nephi explains, "the tender mercies of the Lord are over all those whom he hath chosen, because of their faith, to make them mighty even unto the power of deliverance" (1 Nephi 1:20). In a dream, Lehi was blessed by the Lord for having faithfully fulfilled the assignment he had been given. He was permitted and commanded to leave his post "and depart into the wilderness" (1 Nephi 2:1–2), so that he could become an instrument "unto the fulfilling of the word of the Lord, that [Israel] should be scattered upon all the face of the earth" (1 Nephi 10:13).
Not everyone, however, rejected Lehi's message. At least Nephi desired to know the truthfulness of the words of his father. In faith, with great desires and lowliness of heart,50 and being willing to be obedient and not rebellious, Nephi sought and received a confirmation from God so that he "did believe all the words which had been spoken" by Lehi (1 Nephi 2:16). In a comparable way, the Lord will make known to all his children the truthfulness of the words of his messengers, the prophets.
It is significant to me that Nephi specifically says here that he desired "to know of the mysteries of God" (1 Nephi 2:16). While all are invited to seek and all are promised knowledge (1 Nephi 15:8; Matthew 7:7; Moroni 10:4–5), this is not an open invitation for all men and women to seek "mysteries" beyond the declarative words of the prophets. When Nephi said that he desired to know of the "mysteries," he was most likely referring quite precisely to the information that Lehi had just learned through his visions in 1 Nephi 1.51 As stated above, the Hebrew word sôd basically means "council," but by association, it also came to mean the decree of the council itself.52 Because the council and its actions were not open to the general public, they were thought of as being very confidential, esoteric, or secret, also "convey[ing] the notion of intimate friendship."53 Hence, the word sôd can also be translated as "mystery": "Sôd also came to be used for the secret decision rendered at such councils, and . . . in the Hebrew represented by Prv, Sir, and Qumrân, sôd is used simply for secrets or mysteries."54 Just as Raymond E. Brown has concluded that "the background of such a concept is that of the prophets being introduced into the heavenly assembly and gaining a knowledge of its secret decrees,"55 so it would appear that Lehi, in just such a way, had attained access on this occasion to the mysteries of God. From this, one can see that while the decrees of the divine council (sôd) were confidential and privileged information (and that in this sense they can be called mysteria), they were not puzzles or cryptic information. Hence when Nephi has great desires to "know of the mysteries of God" so shortly after Lehi had experienced the sôd, it would appear that Nephi is similarly seeking to know the sôd and the decrees and glories of that council, just as Lehi had known them and as Jeremiah speaks of them. He is blessed with a visit of the Lord and a belief in "all the words" which Lehi had spoken—the words which Lehi had delivered as he had received them from the Lord (1 Nephi 2:16).
First Nephi chapter 1 can clearly be approached in many ways to better understand and appreciate the call of Lehi as a prophet of God. I have tried to use a variety of information about the gospel and about Lehi's own day to elucidate the possible meanings of his visions in 1 Nephi 1. From this, one can see how Lehi's dedication and inspiration can be confirmed in terms of several universally applicable aspects of prophecy. Under generally applicable definitions of what it means to be a prophet, Lehi certainly qualifies. Hugh B. Brown has defined eleven characteristics that "should distinguish a man who claims to be a prophet." Lehi manifests them all: (1) "He boldly claim[s] that God has spoken to him"; (2) he is "a dignified man [bearing] a dignified message"; (3) he "declare[s] his message without fear"; (4) he bears witness without argument or concession; (5) he "speak[s] in the name of the Lord"; (6) he "predict[s] future events . . . [that] come to pass"; (7) his message pertains to future as well as present generations; (8) he "endure[s] persecution"; (9) he "denounce[s] wickedness fearlessly"; (10) he does "things that no man could do without God's help"; and (11) "his teachings [are] in strict agreement with scripture."56 Other criteria can be added to this list, for example, (12) that he prophesies of Christ.57 Each of these characteristics is found in 1 Nephi 1:4–20 and in the life and courageous deeds of the prophet Lehi.58
Additionally and equally so, Lehi's prophetic attributes can be understood and confirmed in light of classical Israelite prophecy specific to his own contemporaneous world. Like other prophets in the seventh century, Lehi was steeped in the precise terminology and conception of the divine heavenly council (1 Nephi 1:8) and in its many particular functions and its distinctive images and protocol, which gave meaning and power to his message. Like his many prophetic contemporaries, Lehi also abhorred and testified against the abominations he saw in Jerusalem (1 Nephi 1:19); he and they rejected the arrogant nationalism of many Jews in Jerusalem and spoke instead of a worldwide redemption (1 Nephi 1:19); he spoke out publicly, triggered by events at the commencement of a new king's reign (1 Nephi 1:4); he pleaded with God in behalf of his people (1 Nephi 1:5); he called for simple righteousness, addressing the general population as opposed to the king (1 Nephi 1:18); and he worked essentially alone and was greatly concerned that his prophecies be written down. These were typical characteristics of prophets of this time; they and several others like them are reflected in remarkable detail in the abbreviated account of 1 Nephi 1.
Prophets have been called upon by God to say and do many different things over the centuries. Some have been called like Moses as lawgivers, or like Joshua as military leaders. Abraham served as a paragon of faith, peace, and covenant making, while others like Elijah were outspoken in decrying the wickedness of kings and idolatry.59 Similarly, Lehi's role among the prophets of God was specifically suited to the needs of the Lord in that day. He was called as a messenger of the Lord, faithfully delivering God's decree against Jerusalem and obediently following the direction of the Lord during that pivotal period in the history of Jerusalem and of the world as well. By all eternal and historical criteria, Lehi qualifies functionally, archetypally, literarily, spiritually, and scripturally as one of the great prophets of God. His call as a prophet in 1 Nephi 1 gives a foundation of divine authority, revelation, and guidance for everything that follows father Lehi's posterity throughout the Book of Mormon.
This article first appeared in The Book of Mormon: First Nephi, The Doctrinal Foundation, ed. Monte S. Nyman and Charles D. Tate Jr. (Provo, Utah: BYU Religious Studies Center, 1988), 35–54. It has been updated and modified in a few respects.


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DOWNLOAD: Vampire Weekend Cover Rancid!
Leave it to Vampire Weekend to transform a fierce ska-punk classic into the soundtrack for a dance party aboard a mega-yacht in St. Barts. Grab your boat shoes.
Last week, during a performance for the BBC's Radio 1 host Zane Low, the New York boys unveiled a cover of Rancid's "Ruby Soho," swapping the original's punk crunch and shouting vocals for tropical-sounding electric guitars, bouncing rhythms, and singer Ezra Koenig's Paul Simon-indebted croon.
The transformation is so drastic that until the chorus it's barely recognizable as a cover.
And it's a weird choice, right? Well, maybe not as weird as one would think. Despite appearances, the preppy Ivy Leaguers have one very important thing in common with the tattooed, brash Armstrong: they both seek musical influence in third world cultures.
With Rancid, Armstrong fuses Jamaican ska with SoCal skate punk, while VW's chart-topping new album, Contra, is a combo of snappy indie rock with African and West Indian grooves.
Koenig has even said that ska-punk groups like No Doubt and Sublime played a big part in influencing VW's sound.
Download Vampire Weekend's cover of "Ruby Soho," then listen to Rancid's original below for reference.
Like VW's version? Tell us in the comment section.
WATCH: Rancid, "Ruby Soho"


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Our Hampton Inn of Leesburg-Tavares is lucky to be located minutes from the city of Tavares and the Classic Raceboat Association that calls this city home. With prime access to Lake Dora and the associated Harris Chain of Lakes, Tavares is a hub for seaplanes, watersports, and classic raceboat enthusiasts. Every year these enthusiasts flock to Wooten Park in Tavares for a number of seasonal events hosted by the Classic Raceboat Association.
Recent events have drawn over 75 vintage raceboats and many more spectators to the area. When Northern lakes are frozen, Florida's calm in-land lakes provide a wonderful alternative location to showcase these fantastic boats. The Classic Raceboat Association Fall Thunder event, hosted this year in November (8th-11th), will feature heats of classic raceboats, a reception at Al's Landing, an opening flag ceremony, many beautiful boats on display for the public and more!
Some of the classic boats at the Fall Thunder event will include those with outboard motors, small/mid/large hydros, flatbottom boats, skiffs, runabouts, speedsters, and more. Many of the boats are reminiscent of those used in James Bond movies over the years and both boat connoisseurs and onlookers will be thrilled with the vintage and retro styles of these classic boats. To find out more about the event or to register your classic raceboat, please click here.
By Becky Schaff


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Throttle position sensor is a device in the engine of any motor vehicle, used to keep tabs on the position of the throttle. The timing of the fuel injection and ignition are determined depending on the position of this throttle. Basically, the computer of the vehicle, or let us say, a car to be specific, gets the signal sent by the throttle position sensor (TPS) as a form of input to the control system. This sensor is placed on the butterfly spindle for facilitating direct monitoring of the throttle valve butterfly. The core form of this sensor is the potentiometer. As you can see, problems in the TPS can give wrong signal to the vehicle's computer, resulting in the vehicle going for an inappropriate combination of air fuel to engine. But what are the throttle position sensor problems? That is a thing which needs to be addressed first before we even sort them out!
Problems with Throttle Position Sensor:
Throttle position sensors are not wear and tear free and they are bound to malfunction at some point of time. Yes, just like any other part of the engine, they are prone to failure. Check out what can happen with your car TPS.
Problem #1:
Without any serious mishandling of the vehicle, due to sheer wear and tear on account of prolonged usage, the TPS can wear out, as mentioned. Thus, keep a close watch on throttle position sensor location after your car gets a bit old! If the car's computer does not catch the signal, the car will give indications on the form of poor performance. But we will address them later.
Problem #2:
Typically the throttle position has to relay continuous data to the car engine's computer, every time the throttle is adjusted. If the sensor, for instance, does not send a 'throttle closed' signal to the computer, there will be car start up problems or the engine will stall. It can misfire too when it is in gear if there is a loose TPS connection.
Problem #3:
Sometimes what happens is that at the time of installation itself, the TPS can be kaput. Now the performance criteria and parameters for the sensor are set during installation. The setting is 1/100 of a volt, generally. In case an incorrect setting is done, it will lead the computer to go for a wrong and poor quality fuel mixture. As a final consequence, the engine performance gets badly affected from day one and car problems are encountered by the owner.
Problem #4:
Another throttle position sensor problem is that due to some malfunctioning, these devices can hold the throttle as either open or closed. Let me explain it in a better manner. If there is a short in the sensor, the TPS will give the error saying always open. This can cause the engine to sun on extra rich fuel mixture. On the contrary, a closed signal will be caught by the computer in case of the TPS circuit being open continuously. An extra lean fuel mixture will run the engine in that case.
These are the basic TPS problems, which depending on the gravity, might need throttle position sensor troubleshooting. We talked about what does the TPS do when it starts acting funny (read malfunctioning). What impact does it have on the performance of the car? Coming up with the symptoms of a bad throttle position senor.
Signs of a Bad Throttle Position Sensor:
To begin with, the car may stall erratically or randomly if the TPS has become faulty. That can happen in motion or even in the idling position of the car. A slight hesitation in the time needed to respond for your engine when you accelerate is another way to tell if your car is experiencing throttle position sensor problems. Further, a faulty TPS may also result in the car to jerk around or buck without any reason. Along with that, out of the blue surging even when the car is idling is observed. All this makes it pretty clear how a bad throttle position sensor can affect the performance of the car, isn't it? Keep a look out for these indicators!
At the end of the day, the gravity of the throttle position sensor problems may even lead to throttle position sensor replacement. That is if the problems are not addressed in time. To avoid these issues, all you need to do is to be aware of what is happening with your car, the usual sounds, the engine condition and stuff and take it for regular check ups at a mechanic or do car repair on your own! All the best! I ensure you have not been taken on a ride! I sign off here!


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7 Comments on "Busou Shinki Episode 12 Final"
December 22nd, 2012 at 11:38 pm
oh god why
December 22nd, 2012 at 11:41 pm
Nice one. Thank you Dao.
December 22nd, 2012 at 11:44 pm
i will miss this great show :) thank you Dao
December 23rd, 2012 at 3:20 am
Is this anime any good? or is this like infinite stratos
December 23rd, 2012 at 4:11 am
Comparing this to Infinite Stratos = Instant Troll!. Don't feed it!.
December 23rd, 2012 at 5:55 pm
Aww it's a shame this anime's ending. It was a good slice of life with some of actions robots.
December 24th, 2012 at 6:02 pm
Would have liked to see this take a "Hand Maid May" spin with the girls being transferred into life-sized models, and him chosen for the experiment. Other than that, it was a bit too sweet, with no hint of tartness or complexity.
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quote:Main character would be a young boy in a family, ideally one with an older brother. Older brother is popular, over-achiever, strong, daddy's pride and joy. Younger brother lives in brothers shadow. Conflict arises and older brother proves he's not as strong as perceived and younger brother proves to be the hero.
quote:Anything with the younger leaving home?


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REsetting Iron Removal System
So, it was here when I bought the house 2 1/2 years ago. There was no info on it with the rest of the manuals on the house. It did however have a sticker with the name of the installer on it. (No brand name!) It is mechanical/electrical. Here are a couple of pics - I've left them large in hopes the detail will help:
Front view with the cover off.
Top view.
I have heard it backwash a couple of times over the last 2 1/2 years, but not in a while. The 1st time it was about 3:00 am, and it sounded like a 747 landing in the house. I have followed the instructions to reset the time. It is not clear 'which' knob you should turn to manually restart. Usually I can find info online to help me with these mechanical beasties, but no luck this time. Oh yeah, and the co. that installed it no longer exists!!
Help~~~tia. Nancy.
Looks like a Fleck 2510. I'm posting a link to the manual, which will probably be better than trying to explain it myself.
Here is a link that might be useful: Fleck 2510 manual
Alice - awesome!! I got the timing gear to do something. I will monitor it further, but no backwash at this point. So, it is a water softener??!! Hummm, no brine tank.
The reason I started all of this is because my water pressure has dropped, without explanation. No leaks. So I thought about this gizmo, and in the troubleshooting it indeed says the cause could be iron buildup in the line to the conditioner, iron buildup in the conditioner or the inlet of control plugged due to foreign material broken loose from pipes by recent work done on the plumbing system. I haven't had any work done on the plumbing. One of the solutions is to increase the frequency of regeneration.
Do you have more info. about these things? I really can't afford a plumber right now....
tia, Nancy.
Doesn't necessarily have to be a softener with a Fleck 2510 control valve and if there's no brine tank it is NOT a softener.
Likely a back-washing filter or acid neutralizer.
Looks like a leak waiting to happen at the connections of the supply and return lines to the Noryl yoke.
The two valves are the bypass which is between the yoke and the 2510 control valve.
The yoke is where the two (beige?) pipes connect to the black threaded yoke and the leak is the off color corrosion at those two connections.
That corrosion, or buildup, is the first indicator of a leak.
Ah-Ha!! Gotcha. The beige is brass. So, if I turn off the bypass valves, and then the water input, how drenched will I be trying to disconnect and reconnect at those 2 points? If there is heavy iron build-up,I can try to snake it out a bit. I wonder if this will help the pressure problem....
There is NOTHING you can do with a snake in that thing. Most likely the media in the tank is fouled and it may be so clumped together that it can't be removed from the tank.
There is no magic bullet for you.
You need to start over from square one... are you on a well or a municipal water system?
On a well you need a comprehensive water test. If on a water system the water department can give you a general idea of the water conditions.
Once you know the water conditions we can advise you what hardware you need and you can go shopping for a local water treatment pro to give you a free estimate.
Well, now I'm depressed. lol. I'm on a well, so will have to have a comprehensive test later this fall. What you say makes sense - one of the troubleshooting points said that if the pressure at the tank was 20 or less, it would not backwash. I now suspect that is what has happened. In the short term, is there a way to bypass this thing to get my pressure back up?
In your TOP VIEW picture the two white rectangles are valves that turn to bypass the appliance.
Right now, they are both pointing to the control valve. That is the in service position.
Turn both white rectangles 90 degrees so they point at each other. That is the bypass position. In that position no service water will enter the appliance.
Living on a well requires some learning and maintenance and responsibility because you don't just want the water nice you have to make the water SAFE.
Get a water test from an independent lab. An independent lab has no agenda and won't be trying to sell you water treatment equipment. Go to http://www.epa.gov/safewater/labs/index.html to locate a certified lab near you. This is a MUST DO because without it everything is a guess. A quickie water test from Sears or a water softener company won't be as accurate (and possibly not as competent) as from a certified independent lab.
Hit the Yellow Pages and call at least three local water treatment pros. Make sure you call at least one of the big dogs like Kinetico or Culligan for comparison and at least a couple independent pros. DON'T TELL THEM YOU HAD YOUR WATER TESTED.
Give each an opportunity to offer suggestions and provide you with a quote to meet your water treatment needs. IGNORE ANY THAT DON'T TEST YOUR WATER THEMSELVES as they can't speak intelligently to water treatment without knowing what needs to be treated.
Ask lots of questions. Softening the entire house or just the water heater (IMO a bad idea)? Warranty, parts & labor or just parts, how long and on exactly what? Install, permits required, licensed plumber? Routine maintenance and costs? Do they stock parts? Response time for emergency (water leak) calls? If they don't explain things to your satisfaction that is a good indicator of how you'll be treated after the sale.
After they've gone use your water test to compare with theirs. Are all your treatment needs being addressed?
Ask your neighbors if they have any water treatment experience. They might tell you who's good or who to avoid.
Come back here and post the specific recommendations and hardware components with the costs and we'll give you our opinions.
Thanks Lurker. OK, only a couple of more dumb questions: Is it a bad idea to bypass the system? Will it screw more stuff up? Now, by a water test, you mean one that will test the levels of minerals etc., not just contaminants, yes?
btw, I have lived on wells most of my life, they just didn't have fancy schmancy stuff on them. I really appreciate all of your suggestions and advice.
If the system is not doing anything and hasn't been for some time, bypassing it will be no different. Are you noticing iron staining?
Water test should include: Ca and Mg hardness, particulate iron, dissolved iron, manganese, sulfates, nitrates, TDS, pH, alkalinity, coliform bacteria, VOC, turbidity
Fancy, schmancy is not the point. Safe water is safe water and unknown water is not known to be safe until tested.
Bypassing the appliance will no do it any more harm that has already been done. Most likely it is a door stop by now anyway.
Should test well water for bacteria, nitrates, hardness, iron, manganese, magnesium, copper, sodium, arsenic for a start.
Alice - I didn't see your reply. I have not seen any staining, or increased hardness. What I am experiencing is lowered water pressure. In looking for clues, I realized it had been a while since thing had made any noise - ie. backwashed. Having now bypassed it, the water is marginally stronger. I drained the pressure tank last weekend, with no joy. Tomorrow, I may try to up the pressure switch. Whoever installed the in-well pump put no gauge. Maybe this is normal for an in-well pump?? Anyway, maybe this will help!! It is all cause and effect. I see the effect - the cause needs detective work. The well is tested once a year, and is always 0/0.
Thanks all, Nancy.
If the appliance is fouled then it will reduce her water pressure and that is what she's complaining about. If bypassing that appliance improves the pressure then at least one cause is identified.
That still won't tell us what ibn her water needs to be treated.
"The well is tested once a year, and is always 0/0"
Tested for what and what is 0/0?
If you're going to bypass the appliance pull the AC cord. no need for power if it's bypassed.
Plug has been pulled! 0/0 is Ontario talk for 0 coliforms, 0 e-coli in the water. I know I have iron and manganese. I put a new toilet in after I moved in cause the old one was gross from the iron slime. Actually, even with the 'filter', I used a brita to keep my iron intake down. No anemia here!!
Thanks, Nancy.
OK, 4th ring of hell!! I plugged the 'filter' back in and un-bypassed it. I was getting a bit of odour and taste of sulphur. So, down into the pump room to increase the pump pressure. I turned both nut springs down, equally - nothing. I did find a pressure gauge on the back of the pressure tank - why to installers put them in such inconvenient places?? Anyways, I turned the small nut back up, equal to the turn down I had done. On the thread of the large spring, you can see 1/4" of new thread - lower pressure. Is it possible I am a parallel universe, and everything in my house is backwards???
About 1 am. Yes I was up - don't ask!!
So, I now think that is not the problem. Water pressure is about the same as it has been. So, next thing to fiddle with!! I guess I will have another go at resetting the water pressure. If that does not work, what else could it be? The air valve (like a tire valve?) spurts water when I poke it - should it do that? I am again thinking that it might be the pressure tank.....


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So? That's just another person's opinion. And there's no guarantee they're correct. For example, Wikipedia states that the Reactionless Drive is impossible, but a teenager has a patent on one.
I am tired of people claiming something is impossible just because Newton said it was. What we know about time is wrong or entanglement would not happen. It's that simple.


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National Federation of Republican Women Congratulates Romney on Securing Delegates for Nomination
Republican Women Energized, Ready to Work for Candidate
ALEXANDRIA, Va. – Rae Lynne Chornenky, president of the National Federation of Republican Women (NFRW), issued the following statement congratulating Mitt Romney on securing enough delegates to win the Republican nomination for president.
"The National Federation of Republican Women is proud to congratulate Mitt Romney on securing the 1,144 delegates needed to become the GOP nominee for president. We are excited to have a determined and dedicated leader like the former governor at the helm of our party as we prepare to take back the White House and Senate.
"The NFRW and Republican women across the country are proud to have a candidate who has been a leader in both the public and private sectors, and who understands what it will take to get our flagging economy moving again and to create job opportunities for Americans. Republican women realize that the journey to November 6th will be a long and hard one, but we are confident that Mitt Romney's vision and leadership for our country will prevail on Election Day. We will be working tirelessly to elect Mitt Romney and Republicans who will get our country back on track."
Founded in 1938, the NFRW has thousands of active members in local clubs across the nation and in several U.S. territories, making it one of the largest women's political organizations in the country. The grassroots organization works to promote the principles and objectives of the Republican Party, elect Republican candidates, inform the public through political education and activity, and increase the effectiveness of women in the cause of good government.
For more information about the NFRW, visit www.nfrw.org.
- 30 -
Copyright © 2012 National Federation of Republican Women. All rights reserved. Contact Us Search Site Map


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Track List
Album Remarks & Appraisals:
Jazz Icons: Art Farmer highlights an amazing one hour Art Farmer concert from 1964 featuring the great flugelhornist in his prime. Farmer's top-notch band includes legendary guitarist Jim Hall (fresh from Sonny Rollins' band), drummer Pete LaRoca and Steve Swallow on bass. This legendary ensemble plays both standards and originals with ease and finesse and highlights why Farmer was considered one of the most innovative horn players in all of jazz.
There are currently no reviews, be the first one!Also Purchased
See Also
- Complete Studio Recordings (McKusick, Hal)
- Three Trumpets (Byrd, Donald)
- In Stockholm & Hollywood 1969 (Mulligan, Gerry)
- Swiss Radio Days Jazz Live Trio Concert Series, Vo (Jordan, Clifford)
- Art Farmer Quintet Featuring Gigi Gryce (Gryce, Gigi)
- Complete Jam Sessions [Bonus Tracks] [Remastered] (Ammons, Gene)
- On Line (Raiff, Guy)
- Big Blues (Hall, Jim)
- Two Trumpets [Remastered] (Byrd, Donald)
- This Is How I Feel About Jazz (Jones, Quincy)
- This Is How I Feel About Jazz (Jones, Quincy)
- Bennie Green with Art Famer [Remastered] (Green, Bennie (Trombone))


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Woman Flips Out Over Stingray Catch According to this woman, you shouldn't live in California if you eat... 10/1/2014 12:22:27 PM 10,943 12
Hungry Stingray Jumps Onto Ramp For Food A hungry stingray jumps onto a ramp to try and get a snack. 9/23/2014 10:17:38 AM 11,372 98
Giant Stingray Chases Idiot Watch this guy mess with a giant stingray and then get chased down. 6/9/2014 10:21:33 AM 24,561 41


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Very Good Recipes of Vanilla from Hankerie
There are 3 Vanilla recipes on the blog Hankerie. (820 on all the blogs)
Click on the title of a recipe or the photo of a dish to read the full recipe on its author's blog.
Irresistible Strawberry Gluten-free Vanilla Cupcake
By Hankerie
07/31/12 14:53
Winter @ Australia. It means that now is strawberry season. Thinking to bake into new gluten-free cupcakes with fresh strawberry puree, wonderful blending together. Finished it with small amount of fresh custard, vibrant colour of the whole package made...
Add to my recipe book
Strawberry Vanilla Cake
By Hankerie
04/28/12 06:42
"Happy Birthday to you, Happy Birthday to you, Happy Birthday to my hubby, Happy Birthday to you!" Specially sang this birthday song to my hubby. This was his 1st birthday that I did not manage to celebrate beside him this year. Hence, I decided to make...
Add to my recipe book
Vanilla Swiss Roll
By Hankerie
07/21/11 12:27
I've always wanted to make some Swiss roll and just so happen came across this month aspiring baker's challenge - Swiss Roll. Hence, I taking up this challenge even I've been told Swiss rolls are hard to make especially the rolling part. It'll be a challenge…or...
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Great Eagles
this wiki
The Great Eagles are said in The Silmarillion to have been "devised" by Manwë Súlimo, leader of the Valar, and were often called the Eagles of Manwë. They were sent from Valinor to Middle-earth to keep an eye on the exiled Ñoldor, and also on their foe the evil Vala Morgoth and later his lieutenant and future Dark Lord, Sauron.
First AgeEdit
The Great Eagles were the messengers and spies of the King of Arda, and possessed the ability to see through all physical matter except for the blackness of Morgoth's evil pits. Morgoth first discovered the limits of their sight prior to the fall of the great stronghold of Utumno. The king of these eagles was Thorondor and descendents of his included the eagle lord Gwaihir, who carried Gandalf many times during the Third Age. There are hundreds of them in the Middle Earth.
For a time the King of the Eagles, Thorondor, kept his eyries at the top of Thangorodrim, the three mighty peaks that Morgoth raised from the Iron Mountains above the gates of Angband. While they lived there, Thorondor helped Fingon rescue Maedhros. Thorondor's folk later removed their eyries to the Crissaegrim, part of the Echoriath about Gondolin. There they were friends of Turgon, and kept spies off the mountains.
Thorondor wounded Morgoth in the face after Morgoth's battle with Fingolfin, and carried Fingolfin's corpse to the Echoriath, where Turgon buried him.
The Great Eagles fought alongside the army of the Valar, Elves and Edain during the War of Wrath at the end of the First Age.[1]
Second AgeEdit
In the Second Age, a pair of Eagles had an eyrie in the King's House in Armenelos the capital of Númenor until the Kings became hostile to the Valar. The Eagles also watched the peak of Mount Meneltarma, and three Eagles would always appear when someone climbed to the summit.
Towards the end of Númenor, the Valar sent storm clouds in the shape of Great Eagles in an attempt to warn them of their folly and impending doom.[2]
Third AgeEdit
In the Third Age, Thorondor's descendants Gwaihir and Landroval lived in an eyrie to the east of the Misty Mountains in Wilderland.
In The Hobbit, no eagles were identified by name. Only the title Lord of the Eagles distinguished the eagle leader from other eagles in this story. (The text added that he was given the title King of All Birds at a later date.) Many readers assume that it was Gwaihir and Landroval who rescued Thorin Oakenshield and company from a band of Wargs and Goblins, flying them to the river Anduin, and later assisting in the Battle of the Five Armies fought near Lonely Mountain. However, in Return of the King Gandalf says that Gwaihir has carried him twice before, while the proper count would be three times if Gwaihir and the Lord of the Eagles were the same individual.
Before and during the War of the Ring, Gwaihir rescued Gandalf the Grey from the top of Isengard-having been dispatched by Radagast-and again from Zirak-Zigil. The Eagles aided troops of King Elessar at the Battle of the Morannon at the Black Gate. The Eagles arrived in time to overthrow some Nazgûl, including Khamûl. Gwaihir, with others of his people, rescued Frodo Baggins and Samwise Gamgee from Mount Doom in Mordor after the One Ring had been destroyed.
In combatEdit
An attack by the Great Eagles must have been terrifing for the armies that were being attacked. The Eagles could attack in two ways. They could attack using their talons and beak to stab through armour, but probably the most common way for the Eagles to fight was to simply pick up as many foes as possible, carry them to a great height, and drop them onto rocks or other hard objects so that they were killed by the fall.
Portrayal in adaptationsEdit
In Peter Jackson's film trilogies (those of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings), the eagles are much smaller than depicted in the book. They have been noted to been around 6m (20ft) tall, and have a wingspan of no more than 23m (75ft). Also, in the film adaptation, unlike in the books, the birds are not shown to be capable of speech. During the titular events of The Battle of the Five Armies, the Eagles carry Radagast and Beorn into battle against Azog's army.
Behind the ScenesEdit
Tolkien's painting of an eagle on a crag appears in some editions of The Hobbit. According to Christopher Tolkien, the author based this picture on a painting by Archibald Thorburn of an immature Golden Eagle, which Christopher found for him in The Birds of the British Isles by T. A. Coward. However, Tolkien's use of this model does not necessarily mean that his birds were ordinary Golden Eagles. In some of his texts Tolkien speculated that these great Eagles were actually Maiar in bird-shape, as he felt it unlikely Ilúvatar would grant feär to animals. If this was true, then Roäc the Raven and the Thrush, who appear in The Hobbit, might also be Maiar or other spirits in animal form (and possibly even Beorn, who sometimes takes the form of a bear).
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Eagle (Middle-earth). The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with The One Wiki to Rule Them All, the text of Wikipedia is available under the Commons Attribution-Share Alike license. |
Notable Great EaglesEdit
Races of the Creatures of Arda
Good Races:
Ainur | Dwarves | Ents | Hobbits | Men | Elves | Great Eagles Evil Races:
Dragons | Balrogs | Orcs | Uruk-hai | Wargs | Werewolves | Trolls | Giant Spiders |
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Akallabêth (The Downfall of Númenor)


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Dec 12 2012
Government threatens to slash Kurds' quota of oil royalties
By Zeena Sami
Azzaman, December 12, 2012
The feud between the central government and its regional counterpart in the Kurdish north is spilling over to finances.
As tensions between the sides are mounting and fears of a military confrontation rising, the government in Baghdad has said it intends to slash Kurdish share of Iraqi oil revenues from 17% to 13%.
The Kurdish regional government in Arbil has been receiving 17 of every 100 dollars Iraq earns from its oil sales in the years since the downfall of former leader Saddam Hussein in 2003.
But the central government in Baghdad now says the percentage is much higher than the percentage of the population of three autonomous Kurdish provinces when compared with the population of the country at large.
Prime Minister Noor al-Maliki and his bloc in parliament have threatened to slash the quota, thereby denying Kurds of billions of dollars.
The Kurds say the move by Maliki is politically motivated and would heighten rather than calm current tensions.
The parliament has yet to vote on the issue but if the present differences are not solved, the government seems adamant to go ahead and cut the Kurdish budget.
Despite criticism from Kurdish deputies in the parliament and their allies, the government is certain to raise enough votes to allow it to go ahead with its move.
The Kurds rely almost solely on their allocations from the central budget. A cut in the Kurdish share from oil revenues is bound to cause deep financial problems for the Kurdish regional government.
Presently, the Kurdish region comprises three provinces – Arbil, Dahouk and Sulaimaniya.
But the Kurds want to add more territory to their semi-independent enclave and now have their own militias in control of the oil-rich Province of Kirkuk and other areas.
The Kurds have fiercely resisted attempts by Maliki to deploy units from the national army in Kirkuk and other territories.


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Paul C Alexander, PGA
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Norwalk, CT 06850-2300
(203) 838-0303
Norwalk, CT 06850-2300
(203) 838-0303
Paul Alexander is a PGA Professional in Norwalk, CT. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
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Welcome to Golf Month
Professional has not entered award information.
(203) 838-0303


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KT's Super Bowl Blog – Day 4
Our show specifically featured Bill Romanowski, Icky Woods, Tony Gonzalez and his beautiful wife October, Dhani Jones, and most importantly Robert O'Neill, the former Navy seal who shot Osama Bin Laden in the face multiple times.
KT's Day 1 Super Bowl Recap
The group from The Fan, 14 of us, arrived yesterday and got the week of coverage started with copious amounts of beer, fun, and shenanigans.
KT on Wireless
KT joins the masses during the USA Soccer match and talks with the Fan Fans.
KT Goes Wireless: Does Rap & Tire Run
KT Goes Wireless during an event in White Rock Lake and discovers he can go through an obstacle course and rap at the same time.
KT's NFL Draft Positional Rankings, Part 1: QB
Over the next couple weeks here on 1053thefan.com, we're going to treat you with our Top 7 rankings for each position. The JC/KT Top 7 begins today with the QBs.
Sports Quicksand
Here's another classic KT gameshow Sports Quicksand featuring Ben, Skin, Brendan, and Kevin from the K&C Masterpiece.
Brendan & KT's Mavs PA Tryouts
A few years back Brendan tried out for the Mavs Public Announcer gig. Hear the exclusive audio here…and also a special bonus of KT's secret tryout audio as well.
KT's 2013 Albums Of The Year
This probably won't identify with most, but that's okay. It's not about identifying with people, unless you are told by your boss that it is. I'm really hoping he doesn't read this.
Hollywood Shuffle: Cold Weather Jokes
KT tells some cold weather jokes right out of the gate and then elaborates on a possible Key and Peele movie, Mount Everest, and a possible Trent Richardson sex tape.
KT's Music Mouth Minefield!!
KT unveils his brand new game show KT's MUSIC MOUTH MINEFIELD!!! G-Bag Nation joins Ben and Skin in a musical fight to the death The Ben and Skin Show airs weekdays from 2-6p in Dallas-Fort […]
Hollywood Shuffle: Prostate Exams
Who's getting prostate exams on live TV and proof that Will Ferrell is a great car salesman are the topics in this edition of the Pop Pop Fun Time Party.
Love Shack: Are Wives Terrible?
With the inspiration from awful television wives, KT asks the gang if women become terrible once they become wives.


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Can't Help Believin'
Joe Green - 28/07/2004
I had the pleasure of teaching Alan's dance on Monday this week.(July 26). I think it is the best I have found since "Evergreen". Extremely well fitted to the music. Be warned though instructors! Make sure your ladies know the steps well before you play the music. Their minds will not be on their feet when they hear Elvis again. Thanks Alan, its brilliant and destined for great things. Joe.


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WOT (Web of Trust) for Firefox
A newer version of WOT (Web of Trust) for Firefox is available.
This download is served from an external site
closeNOTICE: This link will open a connection to a third-party site. CNET cannot ensure the security of software that is hosted on external sites.
Sponsored Products
Full user review
"The Worst Company, Program ive come across"
no pros at all for this company
appears postive ratings for mywot.com are very rare, they flag and bash company website without doing any research into what they find suspicious, they refuse to change rating even when there concerns are no longer online. Forumn experience like dealing with a bunch of kids. Bad ratings that are not up to date can stay on a clients website for years even when findings are incorrect or based on an opinion.
Stay away from the program all you have to do is google the company and you will see the bad press they have, terrible.


text: The Quad Rooms feature include an ensuite bathroom and a queen bed with single bunks. Our Quad Rooms are located on the ground and first floor accommodating up to four adults or perfect for two adults and two children with views of the snowgums from the windows. All Quad Rooms are well appointed and have everything you need. Sit back and enjoy a T2 cup of tea with Luken & May biscuits, catch up on the news on the large plasma television and indulge in some of the lovely L'Occitane products.


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New - FALL 2014
Microsoft Office is available free to SJU students. More information forthcoming.
Questions? Email firstname.lastname@example.com
Students who have purchased MS Office in the past:
**Keep your product key in a safe place while you are a student at SJU. The Technology Support Center cannot re-install without a valid key. **
IBM SPSS Statistics (Windows and Mac)
PASW Statistics Grad Pack for Mac (Formerly SPSS) (Mac)
SJU Bookstore
Academic Superstore
Symantec Endpoint Protection and Norton AntiVirus - free for registered students
iAntivirus (Basic virus protection for Mac - Free)
Microsoft Security Essentials (Basic virus protection for Windows - Free)


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Palestinians rally before U.N. vote on statehood
POSTED: Thursday, November 29, 2012 - 9:00am
UPDATED: Thursday, November 29, 2012 - 9:04am
NBC News — Palestinians rallied in Arafat Square in Ramallah, West Bank, thursday in anticipation of the U.N. vote to recognize a Palestinian state. There's hope in the West Bank that the 193-member General Assembly will accept Palestine on the lands Israel occupied in 1967 as a non-member observer state.
They anticipate broad support for the bid, which is more of a symbolic gesture. It could give the Palestinians leverage in future border talks with Israel and open the way for possible war crimes charges against the Jewish state. The United States, Israel and Germany oppose the move.


text: GALLERIES Clive Owen Colin Farrell Colin Farrell Keanu Reeves Keanu Reeves Tobey Maguire Tobey Maguire Rachel Mcadams Rachel Mcadams Coming Next OR 0 22 Back to Top ▲ Clive Owen Clive Owen Clive Owen Picture 9 AskMen Editors Share on Facebook Share on Twitter 0 Shares Clive Owen first caught our attention as the deranged professor who tried to whack Matt Damon in The Bourne Identity, but it's been his headlining work in blockbusters like King Arthur, Closer, Sin City, Children of Men, and The International that has cemented his place as one of Hollywood's most intriguing A-listers. Continue reading Clive Owen's profile. Next Page gallery Comments Show Comments More Like This Promoted Around the Web Special Features


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Tatler's Top 5 wildlife resorts!
Kabini River Lodge is rated by the British Tatler's Travel Guide as one of the top 5 wildlife resorts in the world.
JLR was awarded by CNBC AWAAZ as site with best Eco-tourism practices(2008)
The soft-spoken Karthikeyan.S, is our Chief Naturalist at the Jungle Lodges and Resort (JLR), is someone who lies low, much like the wildlife he works very hard to protect.
Karthik, as he is popularly known, has devoted practically his entire life to the pursuit of knowledge about Nature in all her forms. After years of wandering over hill and dale in the then extensive forests surrounding Bangalore, he spent 13 years at the World Wide Fund (WWF) for Nature – India before moving to JLR in early 2006.
Right through his life, he's been very interested in passing on his knowledge to others as well, and inculcating the dos and don'ts of being a naturalist, to both adults and children. "It has been my constant endeavor to create awareness among people – young and old alike," he says. " I have done this for a period spanning over two and half decades through walks, talks, film screenings, workshops and nature camps. I hope I am able to continue with this for as long as I can."
Karthik, runs the Naturalists Training Programme (NTP) regularly at JLR and also trains IFS Officers in Eco-tourism, he is the best advocate for making people aware that there is more to wildlife than the megafauna like Elephants, Tigers and Leopards. He is pushing people to admire smaller, albeit important, organisms like ants, spiders, beetles and butterflies. Karthik is preparing a whole new generation to admire the myriad diversity in nature.
The management of JLR congratulates Karthik on the bagging the prestigious Carl Zeiss Conservation Award 2013.
Chief ministers rathna award
Chief ministers rathna award
Chief ministers rathna award
Chief ministers rathna award
For the past 10 years we have been visiting JLR resorts at Cauvery,BR Hills ,Bhadra etc.I would like to place on record our deep appreciation of the services and the personal attention of the staff.The attention to detail and the warmth and hospitality our excellent. Our last stay was at Bandipur from 6th to 8th August 2013.Excellent stay.
28-08-2013K.S.David Fmr Managing Director, Goodricke Group, Camellia PLC , U.K read more


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Book Review: The Cold Commands by Richard Morgan
'The Cold Commands' by Richard K Morgan is the second book in the 'A Land Fit for Heroes' series. His work has a common theme, as explained by what Morgan himself says on his website: "Society is, always has been and always will be a structure for the exploitation and oppression of the majority through systems of political force dictated by an élite, enforced by thugs, uniformed or not, and upheld by a wilful ignorance and stupidity on the part of the very majority whom the system oppresses."
If you haven't read 'The Steel Remains', the first book in the series, I'll quickly sum up what this series is like.
It has been said to remind people of the game Skyrim, and is similar to Joe Abercrombie for style, as well as Scott Lynch for the charming use of language on almost every page which effectively sets the tone. This book is slightly different from Lynch in the amount of explicit sex and drug use used – which could put some people off. If you enjoyed The Steel Remains, this is very close to the first book. If you enjoy these themes, or at least can take them to build tone, mood and environment, then you won't have an issue with this – after all, it simply shows what life is like in this world for these characters.
His series isn't pure fantasy, as some may assume – they're also part science fiction – quite like his Takeshi Kovacs series. There are lizardmen and alien races who have left a lasting impression on the lands. The main character, Ringil, has a sword known as Ravensfriend that is actually made from alien alloys. However, the people living on the earth think the alien technology is actually magic, giving the series much more of a fantasy feel despite the reality.
Many of his characters are lesbian or gay, which is refreshing in published fiction – though growingly accepted, it's still rare (from what I've read at least) – at least in more than just a background character. However, it's against the law of the lands, and we see how much trouble they go through.
'The Cold Commands' is quite clearly the middle of a trilogy, setting up for the finale. However, it doesn't lack. The action and plot make this a very worthy book and we see growth from all characters, especially Ringil – I don't think anyone could manage to read this book without shuddering at some stage at what Morgan puts poor Ringil through.
One of the strengths of this novel is the dialogue and prose in general – "the blade tore sideways through the pliant lips of the scabbard, made a blurred arc around and down off his shoulder, was there at guard in front of him, like steel laughter in the light."
One of the weaknesses would have to be that the ending isn't really an ending – this is a trilogy after all. Unfortunately, there is no title nor release date released as of yet for the remaining book in this series.
This series is for anyone who likes something that's a bit different, gritty, blunt and not afraid to get as close as possible to complex and controversial issues.


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Young Irish actor Jack Reynor has landed a starring role in the fourth Transformers film, it has been revealed.
The little-known 20-year-old, whose new film What Richard Did opens in the UK this Friday, will star alongside Mark Wahlberg in the next movie about robots in disguise.
Director Michael Bay confirmed the news on his personal site, writing: "I just hired a great new actor for Transformers 4 to star against Mark Wahlberg. Jack Reynor, he is an Irish kid that came to America with 30 bucks in his pocket. Pretty ballsy. Seriously who does that?
"Anyway I spotted him in a great little Irish movie What Richard Did. This kid is the real deal."
Transformers 4 is due for release in June 2014 but will not reboot the hugely sucessful franchise, Bay added.
"This movie takes place exactly 4 years after the war in Chicago. The story makes a very natural transition, and reason as to why we have a whole new cast.
"This Transformers will feel very different than the last three. We are embarking on a new trilogy."
Source: MichaelBay.com


text: 'How I Met Your Mother:' Will it join best or worst TV finales?By Henry Hanks and Abbey GoodmanUpdated 11:20 AM ET, Wed March 5, 2014Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Parks and Recreation' – Fans called the series finale of "Parks and Recreation" - filled with flash forwards - a home run. Other shows have let down fans before, however. Here's a look at some of the best, and worst, finales (of course, there are spoilers).Hide Caption 1 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Two and a Half Men' – Ashton Kutcher, from left, creator/executive producer Chuck Lorre and Jon Cryer all appeared in what many have called a downright bizarre series finale of "Two and a Half Men." Some fans were unhappy that Charlie Sheen did not make an appearance. Hide Caption 2 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'The Sopranos' – Quite possibly the biggest anticlimax in TV history: Tony Soprano meets his family in a restaurant and looks up, and then, with Journey's "Don't Stop Believin' " playing in the background, the screen fades to black. "Sopranos" fans have long debated the ending, and in August, creator David Chase finally broke his silence about whether Soprano died. Hide Caption 3 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'True Blood' – When "True Blood" met its true death with its series finale on August 24, it had the nerve to drag one of its central characters with it. (This person may or may not be pictured.) Fans were divided on the ending.Hide Caption 4 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'How I Met Your Mother' – "How I Met Your Mother" ended after nine seasons on March 31, and fans still debate the finale. After spending so much time listening to Josh Radnor's Ted Mosby describe how he married the mother of his kids, some viewers were outraged that "the mother" isn't the person Ted ends up with when the series ends.Hide Caption 5 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Breaking Bad' – The AMC drama "Breaking Bad," about a former high-school chemistry teacher turned corrupt meth kingpin, aired its final episode in September 2013, and fans still haven't stopped talking about it -- or gotten over the show ending. Overall, many seemed more upset that the series was over than about how it ended.Hide Caption 6 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Seinfeld' – For "Seinfeld's" final episode, co-creator Larry David returned to write the script. He apparently decided that the four main characters were beyond help, because they ended up in jail after a trial in which many of those they'd wronged testified. Hide Caption 7 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Cheers' – Having the characters just hang out at the "Cheers" bar for one last scene (after Sam nearly left them all for Diane) seemed a very appropriate way for "Cheers" to say goodbye. And when a customer knocked on the door, Sam Malone -- in the darkened bar -- said, "Sorry, we're closed."Hide Caption 8 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Freaks and Geeks' – The critically acclaimed but low-rated "Freaks and Geeks" shot its series finale early just in case it got canceled, and it was a doozy. From Nick's dance contest to Daniel playing "Dungeons & Dragons" to Lindsay and Kim secretly following the Grateful Dead for the summer, it was poignant, touching and everything we loved about this show.Hide Caption 9 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Roseanne' – After a truly bizarre final season of "Roseanne," it turned out the family did not win the lottery after all. It was just a story Roseanne made up after husband Dan died. Kind of a downer ending.Hide Caption 10 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Friends' – For "Friends," everything was wrapped up with a bow. Ross ended up with Rachel; Monica and Chandler, with kids in tow, moved out of the building; and Phoebe was married off. Joey was off to L.A. for his own sure-to-be-successful spinoff ... Oops. Still, it was a nice, tidy sendoff after 10 years.Hide Caption 11 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'The Cosby Show' – "The Cosby Show" finale came full circle as Theo -- struggling with school in the series premiere -- graduated college. It was great to see Bill Cosby and Phylicia Rashad hold hands and get one last round of applause from the studio audience.Hide Caption 12 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Star Trek: The Next Generation' – Capt. Jean-Luc Picard's travels through time with Q, and that last shot of the crew playing cards, made for a fitting farewell for "Star Trek: The Next Generation." And of course the crew of the 24th-century Enterprise kept things going for four movies.Hide Caption 13 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'M*A*S*H' – A record audience watched the tearjerker of a finale for "M*A*S*H" in 1983, as the Korean War ended and everyone prepared to go their separate ways.Hide Caption 14 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Lost' – "Lost" had one of the most controversial endings of all time, but how could it not? The expectations were so high going into it. For every detractor, there was a defender for this finale -- in which Jack saves the day and dies moments later. The episode was more concerned with an ending to the story than it was in explaining the many mysteries. That was saved for a DVD-only epilogue.Hide Caption 15 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Frasier – In the finale of "Frasier," Niles and Daphne had a kid, Martin married Ronee, and the character of Dr. Frasier Crane left Seattle with a new potential love interest, bidding goodbye to television after 20 years.Hide Caption 16 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'X-Files' – Long after many viewers cared -- in large part due to the departure of David Duchovny in season 7 -- "X-Files" got Scully and Mulder back together. We learned that aliens would colonize Earth and the world was set to end on December 22, 2012 (phew, that was close). Hide Caption 17 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' – As Buffy and her expanded Scooby gang fought to save the world one last time (though Sunnydale didn't quite survive), the premise behind "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" came to something of a logical conclusion, with every potential Slayer being activated around the world.Hide Caption 18 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'The Hills' – Sure, we all knew that "The Hills" wasn't exactly "reality," but the "revelation" that it was shot at a movie studio was still a bit shocking, if not downright insulting. Apparently Kristin Cavallari and Brody Jenner wanted to leave us with a symbolic final shot that would have us questioning what was real. Earlier this year, MTV revealed an alternate ending where Jenner returned to his new girlfriend, Lauren Conrad, but honestly, who knows what to believe?Hide Caption 19 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'ALF' – "ALF" producers seemed to be overly confident that the alien sitcom would return for a fifth season, after they had ALF captured by the military in the finale, just before NBC canceled it. We wouldn't know what became of him for several years, when ABC picked up a TV movie.Hide Caption 20 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'St. Elsewhere' – Everything that happened at St. Eligius over all those years? It was all in the mind of a boy with autism. So were those six seasons of "St. Elsewhere" a giant waste of time?Hide Caption 21 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Dinosaurs' – "Dinosaurs," the wacky sitcom with the Jim Henson life-size puppets, ended with all of the characters about to be wiped out by the Ice Age. Ha ha?Hide Caption 22 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'The Fugitive' – in "The Fugitive," Dr. Richard Kimble finally caught up with that one-armed man who killed his wife and got his ultimate revenge. It doesn't get more satisfying than that in TV drama.Hide Caption 23 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Life on Mars' – "Life on Mars" lasted only a season on ABC, but there was some anticipation to see how the producers would end their version of the series after the UK's incredible finale. It turned out that Sam Tyler's trip to the 1970s was all created in his mind, as he slept in suspended animation, before landing on Mars. A bit literal, don't you think?Hide Caption 24 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Smallville' – Lois and Clark got married (they saved it for the end, unlike the other show with their namesake), and finally, 10 years into "Smallville," we got to see Clark don the iconic red and blue suit.Hide Caption 25 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'The Office' – It was Dwight's wedding day (to Angela, thankfully) and Pam and Jim were ready to move on. Michael Scott showing up to fill the role of Dwight's best man was just one of many things the finale of "The Office" got just right.Hide Caption 26 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Big Love' – In the final minutes of "Big Love," Bill is suddenly gunned down by a neighbor,and the sister-wives are forced to move on without him. As we learn through an emotional flash-forward scene, even without Bill to bond them, they remain together. Definitely a shocker.Hide Caption 27 of 28Best and worst TV finales 28 photos'Medium' – Psychic Allison DuBois could do many things on "Medium," but she couldn't save her husband, Joe. Her belief that her husband was still alive on an island somewhere turned out to be an illusion, and the whole thing was so depressing that it was only saved by a final scene where Allison died many years later and reunited with him.Hide Caption 28 of 28More from showbizWhat to look forward to in 2015The sexiest night on TVWhy we're obsessed with spiesPowered by Livefyre