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Anyone know what to remove glass cloudiness with?
My husband is a great collector of vintage stuff and came home with a plastic tote full of filthy old bottles that someone had dug up and gathered for years, then decided it was time to purge them. I have spent the whole day soaking in hot dish water, scrubbing with various bottle brushes and steel wool on the outsides. I have most of the grunge out but many are cloudy and a straight vinegar soak and scrub isn't working to remove this. Any ideas on what I can use? This needs to be a soak because it appears that the cloudiness is inside the bottles.
I like shiny bottles :-)
I have heard dishwasher detergent will help remove it.We do not have a dish washer so never tried it.What is it they advertise on TV where the two sisters kind of get into it? One had cloudy glasses.
We use a product called Stain Bully on our shower to help remove the hard water spots we have here. It is helping slowly. And then some times glass just turns and nothing you can do to remove it. Do be careful with steel wool. It can scratch glass.
hmmmmm, I've used several different methods that worked on some and not on others. Salt and ice cubes, swish around. I used bb's a few times with salt and once I broke the glass but another time it worked. I've used denture cleaner soaking for a few days and sometimes that worked but sometimes not. I bought some of that Oxy Clean dishwasher booster but it didn't work on what I wanted it to. I haven't yet bought that blue stuff that is used to clean coffee pots. When I was working it seemed to work really good soaking over night. If you find something that works everytime please let us all know! Good luck! Oh, and don't use steel wool because I did and it made a million scratches that made the glass useless.
You could try Lime-A-Way. I have also used a little bit of Draino inside of cloudy vases. Nothing helps if the glass is actually corroded and etched tho.
And you can use steel wool on glass, years ago I had a mirror that was covered with hair spray residue and I asked at a glass shop how to take it off and they told me to use super-fine steel wool. It worked and did not scratch it. And use it wet.
Superfine wet-dry sandpaper works to smooth the edge of a piece of glass that you have cut, but I don't know how it would do on a glass surface. It sure puts a mirror finish on metal! But you have to use the very finest you can get and use it wet. Polishes stone, too.
Thanks for all of the suggestions!
They are getting cleaner but may just be etched like Sandy mentioned. Some of them are such pretty colors,clear with hints of blue, green and purple. My favorite is an old Milk of Magnesia bottle, clear aqua or greenish and the Worcestershire bottles have a purple tint. There was even one plain black crockery bottle that I think was for liquor but was not all that old. I plan to try denture cleaner, ice and salt and maybe even the drano. The other products did help some but there is a lot of cloudiness inside the bottles and some rust stains from having the metal lids on for so long. I tried the Zep version of calcium and rust remover but that had no effect that I could see.
I have no idea what to do with them, maybe a bottle tree or just a display shelf.
With our hard water I have to deal with this issue a lot. My suggestions are:
#1- Denture cleaning tablets, I buy the big box from Sam's. These are the best thing in the world for removing residues and stains. Clean container well and set in the sink, fill halfway with warm water, drop in tablets and then fill almost to the top. The liquid will bubble over.
You might have to repeat this, allow container to dry between treatment.
2. Plain old white vinegar, but I warm it. Warming seems to help get the chemical reaction started.
3. If I must use an abrasive I first try plain white rice in water, shaken vigorously. This is great for bottles. As a last resort I use a plastic fine textured pad meant for furniture refinishing, use it wet. Find these in the paint stripper/furniture finishes aisle at most big box DIY stores. I think the brand I have at the moment is 3M.
4. Never use steel wool, even the fine stuff scratches.
Good luck!


text: Safety first: FireText smoke alarm automatically sends SMS messages Michael Kwan / Monday, July 11, 2011, 5:51 pm / No CommentsIf you're at home and the smoke alarm goes off, you can take the necessary measures to put out that flame. What if you are away from home? In that instance, it may be worth your while to invest in the FireText smoke alarm. The alarm actually sends you a text message when it gets set off by smoke.more → Posted in: Uncategorized Tagged with: fire alarm, firetext, home gadgets, home safety, smoke alarm

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Serving up all the latest food news, cool foodie products, gossip, and good deals that are fit to print!
Get Ready for Date Night: Olive Garden Will Pay for Customers Babysitters
Olive Garden is willing foot the bill for your babysitter. The catch? Participating parents have to eat at Olive Garden. According to the Orlando Sentinel, the Italian restaurant chain has teamed up with My Gym to give parents a free night of babysitting on February 7. Parents can drop their kids off at 145 My Gym locations across the country and head to a participating Olive Garden restaurant for an evening of pasta and breadsticks. Apparently the arrangement is meant to promote a two-for-$25 special, but parents won't be limited to that deal. At the end of the night My Gym will refund parents' deposits when they show their Olive Garden meal receipts.
Do you think free babysitting is a good marketing idea?
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Terri and Donna Meet Taylor Kretschmar
Categories: Art
via terrianddonna.blogspot.com |
To really know, you'd have to ask Diego Caro de Briature and Clay Deutsch, the guys who actually run Terri and Donna gallery. They might tell you the truth. Or they might lie to your face because that's fun. The standing story, though, is that Diego and Clay picked "really awesomely terrible girl's names, the worst we could think of," and just ran with it.
And they've been running with it for almost a year now. Since May 2009, the space has hosted art shows sporadically, sometimes staying empty for weeks. Then suddenly the doors will open up for some off-the-radar music thing, like the Art Basel week visit by Washed Out or the upcoming Pictureplane layover.
Right now, however, Terri and Donna isn't empty. It's totally full of art by Taylor Kretschmar. And the press release describes Kretschmar's show "Carbon Quarter Turn," saying: "From image to thing back into image back into thing. This turns into that turns into this, image into thing."
What? Don't get it? Well, that's another awesome thing (besides fiction and art and music) about Diego and Clay ... Their promo materials read like the incoherent, logorrhea-laced, psychedelic poetry that you and your overeducated friends write while wasted on Liberty caps. You could call it next-level PR. Or a joke. Or both.
"Carbon Quarter Turn" by Taylor Kretschmar. Through March 13. Terri and Donna Gallery, 153 NW 36th St., Miami. Visits are by appointment only, so email firstname.lastname@example.com.
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There's body-moving music and then there's music that literally moves your body. If the Beastie Boys were experts on the former, Australian-born and Reykjavic-based composer Ben Frost is an expert on the latter. Part punk ...
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Recent Comments:
RIFT's offers limited-time subscription discounts {Massively}
Jul 12th 2011 3:54AM @real65rcncom Nah, I think Ill resub to WoW, where meaningful content updates occur every 8 months. WHATADEAL!
Final Fantasy XIV shows off dungeons {Massively}
Jun 21st 2011 3:24AM Did I read that right, a 60min time limit on a dungeon? In a game that is in dire need of fresh and engaging content to stay alive?
I swear, I do love coming to rad FF14 news every now adn then, its like stepping into a time machine into the past, and read about all the ways to screw up your MMO.
RIFT world event fizzles, Trion reevaluates approach [Updated] {Massively}
Apr 17th 2011 3:23AM I think regardless of the outcome of this event, its remarkable that the game is still going strong and pumping out compelling content little more than a month after its release.
There are bound to be growing pains, but the product will jsut keep getting better. Good for Trion, though perhaps not so good for the early adopters.
Player-run event in RIFT kicks off an eight-month war {Massively}
Mar 10th 2011 1:55AM @Khalus Well, thats the beauty of an MMO, even if the game does fail after a few months, you'll hvae gotten more bang for your buck than any other game published nowadays. I mean most games publish with an average playthrough time of 10 hours, while if you get hooked on a good MMO (which rift by all means is) youll be getting easily 40h+ a month out of your purchase.
So either way you look at it, wether the game fails or not, if you like MMOs, Rift is a solid purchase and it will definitely be more fun to play the leveling game now than 6 months down the line.
RIFT's head-start is standing room only {Massively}
Feb 25th 2011 11:30AM Very smooth launch so far. While it is true that a few of the popular BEta servers were packed full within minutes of the game going live, with wait quues of about 18h, the new servers went up quickly and without hesitation, and the only people (at elast ine europe) unable to play are thsoe refusing to reroll on a different server.
It beats a launch like Aion's, where ALL servers had massive queue times, at least for Rift, as long as you are willing to roll on a newer server, you wont have much of an issue with queue times.
Massively's exclusive TERA lore: Contents Under Pressure {Massively}
Feb 17th 2011 1:57AM Funny, when I look at TERA pics, particularly the female Elf and castanic ones wth the skimpy, tight fitting tops, "Contents under pressue" is EXACTLY what always comes to mind!
Not that Im complaining. :3
New RIFT trailer shows off dynamic invasions {Massively}
Feb 14th 2011 12:18PM I guess im the only one who thought it was a great video, does a very good job of depicting the utter chaos of rift invasions and several raids of people running around trying to fight back the invaders.
One Shots: Adventure is out there {Massively}
Feb 6th 2011 7:05AM @MrDiamondJ The noob zone is a bad place to judge the game by. Once the world opens up.. its a whole different thing, the questing, the rif invasions, the exploring.. there is jsut SO much to do, and once you start reaching a decent level the depth of the soul system starts to shine.
One Shots: Adventure is out there {Massively}
Feb 6th 2011 7:02AM @bcrfan It always amuses me when I read of people complaing about repetitive questing in a MMO. What did you expect, a Rock Band minigame? Questing is just the grind, the path, while the REAL carrot at the end of the stick, the real fun (at least for me) is learning the character you have chosen as you level up.
Complaining about repetitive questing in a MMO is akin to comapling about how all you do in a FPS game is run from cover to cover, shooting at people. BARF! Right...? :p
RIFT beta 5 introduces public grouping, will be "twice as big" as beta 4 {Massively}
Jan 24th 2011 3:46PM Tomorrow cant come soon enough


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Welcome to Caballo Blanco Horse Riding Spain
Established horse trekking and horse riding holiday´s in the Alpujarras, Andalucia, Spain!
A unique trekking centre based in the heart of Andalucia, Spain. Made famous by its Moorish influences and impressive horses. Come and experience the Spanish trails and countryside. Hassle and trouble free.
- Explore a beautiful part of the Alpujarras
- Ride free from traffic and walkers
- Over 300 days of sunshine a year!
- Lets us show you our secret trails!
As seen in the Guardian "Rule number one. You are on a horse, not a Chopper, so do not lean back hoping for a wheelie. You will look stupid' … John Bishop (Read Article)
What out customers think!The Trekking Centre
We offer horse riding holidays in Spain´s most southern mountain range. We are situated on a small plateau at a height of 1200 metres above the spa town of Lanjaron in the Alpujarra region of Andalucia, close to Granada. Wonderful views of the surrounding countryside, hills and Sierra Nevada mountains are evident in all directions! You can even see the coastline of Africa on a clear day.
Short treks of an hour or more available daily!
Riding lessons are available by the hour. Childrens' parties can be arranged. We cater for special occasions, anniversaries, birthdays etc.
We are very lucky having the Alpujarras hills and Sierra Nevada mountains on our doorstep. Easy hacks or challenging trail rides. There is something here for all. We have a varied choice of ride from 1 hour to a 8 day multi-day trail ride high in the mountains.
The Origins
Sarah Vesey of Caballo Blanco established the riding centre back in 1993. Since then it has grown to become one of the leading and most well known equestrian centres in Andalucia. On offer are rides between 1 hour and multi-day excursions into the hills and mountains. Novices and children are most welcome, as are single travellers. For the advanced rider there are challenging trails on offer in the glorious mountain scenery of the Sierra Nevada.


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2011-07-20 Open letter to servicemen and women regarding supporting WikiLeaks in the U.S. Military. Authored by data venia To this day, supporting WikiLeaks remains unreasonably controversial.
Depending on a person's country of residence, job position, and so forth, the opposition to this support varies greatly. But there is one area where being pro-WikiLeaks is criminalized like none other: the United States Military. As an American citizen I never expected to have my freedom of speech challenged so heavily. WikiLeaks: leaked files accuse BBC of being part of a 'possible propaganda media network' The Daily Telegraph rang the phone number on Monday.
A single tone on the line suggested that it had been disconnected, or was no longer in use. The possible link between extremism and staff at the BBC will anger the national broadcaster, which prides itself on its impartiality. The BBC number was given in the file of Turki Mish'awi Za'id Alj-Amri, a Saudi who was "assessed to be a member of al-Qaeda, who travelled to Afghanistan to participate in Jihad".
The file claims that Alj-Amri had "stayed at al-Qaeda facilities, received training at an al-Qaeda camp, and served under al-Qaida leadership in Tora Bora, AF. "Detainee's pocket litter links him to significant Anti-Coalition Militia (ACM) personnel and groups." Labor entered 'crisis mode' before leaks. Julian Assange ... was the subject of Australian intelligence reporting last year.
THE department of the Prime Minister, Julia Gillard, has revealed that WikiLeaks and its Australian founder, Julian Assange, were the subject of Australian intelligence reporting last year as the government anticipated the whistleblower website would spill "highly sensitive and politically embarrassing" Australian secrets. Officials also feared that WikiLeaks could publish information from the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation. However declassified official briefings do not support Ms Gillard's public assertion that Mr Assange broke Australian law by publishing leaked US government secrets. Confirmation of Australian intelligence reporting on WikiLeaks comes as the government moves to broaden ASIO's ability to spy on Australians involved with activities outside Australia.
Advertisement. WikiLeaks: Guantanamo Bay terrorist secrets revealed. Only about 220 of the people detained are assessed by the Americans to be dangerous international terrorists.
A further 380 people are lower-level foot-soldiers, either members of the Taliban or extremists who travelled to Afghanistan whose presence at the military facility is questionable. At least a further 150 people are innocent Afghans or Pakistanis, including farmers, chefs and drivers who were rounded up or even sold to US forces and transferred across the world. In the top-secret documents, senior US commanders conclude that in dozens of cases there is "no reason recorded for transfer". 5 WikiLeaks Hits of 2011 That Are Turning the World on Its Head — And That the Media Are Ignoring. Between Collateral Murder, the Iraq War Logs, the Afghan War Diary, and Cablegate, it appeared as though 2010 would go down in history as the most shocking year in WikiLeaks revelations.
Americans discovered that trigger-happy soldiers who have been trained to kill are likely to shoot innocent civilians, including journalists and children. They learned that the US military handed over detainees they knew would be tortured to the Iraqis, and as a matter of policy, failed to investigate the hundreds of reported torture and abuse by Iraqi police and military. The Afghanistan logs showed many more civilians killed than previously known, along with once-secret US assassination missions against insurgents. And Cablegate shed light on a US foreign policy that values self-interest over democracy and human rights at all costs, perpetuating anti-American sentiment in the process. Is 2011 capable of exceeding 2010′s revelations? Latest news, Breaking news, Pakistan News, World news, business, sport and multimedia.
WikiLeaks embassy cables: download the key data and see how it breaks down. • Remember this is the date, time, sender and tags for each cable - NOT the text of the cable itself WikiLeaks embassy cables revelations cover a huge dataset of official documents: 251,287 dispatches, from more than 250 worldwide US embassies and consulates.
It's a unique picture of US diplomatic language - including over 50,000 documents covering the current Obama administration. But what does the data include? Latest WikiLeaks cables reveal Israel's fears and alliances. Mohammed Tantawi, who heads Egypt's ruling military council, is named in WikiLeaks cables about Israel as an 'obstacle' in efforts to stop weapons smuggling into Gaza.
Photograph: Nasser Nasser/EPA Mohammed Tantawi, the head of Egypt's ruling generals, was an obstacle to Israeli efforts to stop arms smuggling within the Gaza strip, according to Israeli security forces. The assessment was privately delivered to US diplomats, alongside praise for former intelligence chief Omar Suleiman's efforts to stop weapons trafficking, according to the WikiLeaks embassy cables. The revelations come in a tranche of the most militarily sensitive cables from the US embassy in Tel Aviv. They have been handed over to Israeli newspapers by WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. The US embassy cables. Afghanistan: The war logs. Iraq: The war logs. The Guantanamo Files. X WikiLeaks: 550 days of banking blockade - no process Assange: 547 days detainment - no charge Manning: 744 days in jail - no trial.
WikiLeaks Japan: Sea Shepherd Challenges Whale Diplomacy - Japan Real Time. US diplomats spied on UN leadership. Washington is running a secret intelligence campaign targeted at the leadership of the United Nations, including the secretary general, Ban Ki-moon and the permanent security council representatives from China, Russia, France and the UK.
A classified directive which appears to blur the line between diplomacy and spying was issued to US diplomats under Hillary Clinton's name in July 2009, demanding forensic technical details about the communications systems used by top UN officials, including passwords and personal encryption keys used in private and commercial networks for official communications. It called for detailed biometric information "on key UN officials, to include undersecretaries, heads of specialised agencies and their chief advisers, top SYG [secretary general] aides, heads of peace operations and political field missions, including force commanders" as well as intelligence on Ban's "management and decision-making style and his influence on the secretariat". Wikileaks: Congress party 'bought India votes' 17 March 2011Last updated at 13:26 GMT The report has caused uproar in parliament India's ruling Congress party bribed MPs to survive a crucial vote of confidence in 2008, a diplomatic cable leaked by Wikileaks suggests.
It describes how a senior Congress aide showed a US embassy official "chests of cash" to pay off MPs ahead of a vote over a controversial nuclear deal. The India Cables : 162458: Cash-for-votes ahead of confidence motion. 162458 7/17/2008 13:23 08 NEWDELHI 1972 Embassy New Delhi SECRET 08 KOLKATA 209 "VZCZCXRO9793OO RUEHBI RUEHCI RUEHLH RUEHPWDE RUEHNE #1972/01 1991323ZNY SSSSS ZZHO 171323Z JUL 08FM AMEMBASSY NEW DELHITO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 2668INFO RUCNCLS/ALL SOUTH AND CENTRAL ASIA COLLECTIVERUCNNSG/NUCLEAR SUPPLIERS GROUP COLLECTIVERUEAIIA/CIA WASHDCRHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DCRUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHDCRHEHNSC/NSC WASHDCRUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDCRUEHUNV/USMISSION UNVIE VIENNA 1566RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 6661" "S E C R E T SECTION 01 OF 04 NEW DELHI 001972 Classified By: Charge D'Affaires Steven White for Reasons 1.4 (B and D) 1.


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Studio801's Lexham bedside tables are a pair of privately commissioned bespoke objects tailored to reflect their clients interest in Op Art (optical art).
(Click the images below for full sized images)
Says designer Mike Kann, "The use of acute angles to form the legs creates a forced perspective from certain angles, while the digitally crafted inlay work creates the illusion that the flat tiered sections are warping."
The tables are fabricated from Corian, a material that was specified for it's tactility and versatility in manufacture. The versatility allowed for the use of a CNC mill on the horizontal surfaces to create spaces for the inlay of 137 pieces of thermochromic liquid crystal sheet, laser cut to size and shape.
As well as the optical effect of warping, the inlay work helps to create responsive surfaces through the use of thermochromic sheet. This temperature sensitive material goes through a colour spectrum from deep red to dark blue to indicate temperature changes in the range of 29° to 34° and is triggered by direct sources like cups of tea, and indirect sources such as the ambient temperature.
Photos: Jo Russell Photography


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Andra Rotaru's Photo-Letter Pairing Project
"Photo-letter pairing" is a project from Andra Rotaru (IWP '14) in collaboration with Jared Krauss as part of the 2nd Annual Outreach and Engagement Fellowship, an additional IWP fellowship that is focused on cultivating public outreach and artistic collaborations. The project functions as a connection between the IWP Fall Residents, the local literary community, and the diverse citizenry of Iowa City.
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Abdullah Al Wesali On Going Home
The "On Going Home" series offers a glimpse of what returning home means for authors who have spent three months in the U.S. as part of the International Writing Program's Fall Residency. This week's installment comes to us from Abdullah Al Wesali:
A strange feeling haunted me in the JFK Airport as I awaited my Delta231 flight to Amsterdam, the first leg in a series of flights that would return me to my home country, via Dubai. It was a feeling of bisecting nature, one that deeply divided my soul into two parts. All my luggage had been shipped, leaving me with nothing but my passport, boarding passes and my laptop bag with its bright yellow International Writing Program (IWP) tag dangling from it.
This is a feeling that can conquer any person forced to leave behind a new part of themselves in order to return to their original, historical and cultural selves. As I thought of this while sitting in Terminal 4 at JFK at 8:30pm, the fact that I was leaving the US finally became real, and all the events of my residency suddenly turned into history. No matter how much I had prepared myself for this feeling before coming to Iowa and seizing the opportunity to participate in the residency, I found myself missing it.
Pictures, voices, songs, phrases, snippets of dialogue and scenes from the three-month residency sounded in my ears and passed before my eyes, especially those from the last night, at the Broadway Millennium Hotel in New York, where we had all gathered in farewell for one last night. It had been an emotional goodbye, filled with an intense sense of separation. That night, we each discovered how beautiful our friends were. There was a common feeling of silent apology among the group, not for any wrongdoing, but for not having gotten to know each other better. I think a limited timeframe is always a short amount of time, no matter how long it actually lasts.
The weather was the first thing I noticed when I stepped off the plane and into Saudi Arabia. It was that time of winter when the temperature typically seems low, but because I had come from a colder climate, I found the 17 – 22 degrees Celsius to be highly agreeable.
I found that in the three months I had been gone, my 15-year-old son had become much more responsible. He took care of his mother and his 13-year-old brother during my absence. Responsibility such as this promotes maturity, but this great benefit wasn't much on my mind. Rather, his actions greatly helped his mother, given that Saudi Arabia applies strict control over women and their activities, including driving cars. So to reward him for this good deed, I brought him what he had asked for, which was a track suit from the original Nike store with matching sneakers. Though these items are available in Saudi Arabia, there is a special feeling that comes with the traveling gift.
My return to work went less smoothly. Two months into the residency, I had received an email from the administration at the hospital where I work (I am the only one of my 28 colleagues with a background in health management) asking me to interrupt my residency and return to work! I apologized about not being able to do that, but I still spent one week off work after returning home because I still had that time left on my approved vacation. I was not ready to return to work that fast, though now that I'm back, I see how working in the hospital supplies me with many writing themes.
During my residency I used to write in a journal, and it's amazing how fresh the sense of place, weather and people appear to me every time I reread it. These days though, I find it hard to take the time to write, as I am very busy traveling to and from the capital Riyadh. The ministry of culture chose me and seven other writers to be part of the Riyadh Book Fair Cultural Panel, which is responsible for designing the literature program that will accompany the book fair. The Riyadh Book Fair is the biggest in the Arab world, and I think the IWP residency helped give me credibility to participate in that. I am sorry to say though, that the majority of my colleagues on the panel seem to be conservative and traditional in their suggestions, which stand in contrast to my liberal and new ideas.
The cultural club in Dammam, the city where I live, in the east of Saudi Arabia, is also keeping me busy, with its invitation to talk about my experience at the IWP residency. This is likely to take place in February. Not that I'm worried though, as I have plenty of material to prepare for it, including photos and journal entries, while the lecture will be conducted in Arabic, my mother tongue.
I have noticed other changes too. Close friends who are enthusiastic about learning all the details of my residency have remarked on my newly acquired tendency to talk less. More than one of them has told me that I look sad! Maybe this is because I look sad when I am deep in thought. Indeed, the 2nd book I read from the collection of books I brought from the US is called The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman, and it has given me much cause for thought. The premise of the book is that all the cultures in the world are unified by common norms and values, the values of globalization, though this is something I don't completely agree with, especially after returning from the residency. More work needs to be done to reach commonality, and it's our job, the writers' job, to unite the world.
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Yeow Kai Chai On Going Home
The "On Going Home" series offers a glimpse of what returning home means for authors who have spent three months in the U.S. as part of the International Writing Program's Fall Residency. This week's installment comes to us from Yeow Kai Chai:
It sprang, unexpected, a sprig of memories.
As I sat at my desk in my room, the other day, listening to the susurrus of the Monsoon rain pitter-pattering on the windowpane, a flourish of sounds from the Iowa House Hotel welled up from inside me.
Who could forget being awakened every morning by the drill, knock and saw of construction armoury; the "beep, beep, beep" of a truck/crane reversing; the banter in the hallway audible through paper-thin walls? And then there was that cavalry of alarm bells going off in the wee hours, shrill like Verdi.
One never knows what these triggers are, and when they will strike. One sniff of these Proustian madeleines, and suddenly, I am transported back to the cornfields of Iowa. Physically, I am home in busy, sunny Singapore, having returned from a 10-week sojourn attending the Iowa Writing Program's Fall Residency – to a new job, a new office, new colleagues.
Looking outside my window, I see home afresh. I marvel at the tall public housing blocks nestled to each other. I smell the zest in the after-rain. I look out for the stray cat I had not seen for months. What the Residency has given me – a resensitization to surroundings, and I'm not taking anything for granted.
Am I home? One glance at my acquisitions – books bought from Prairie Lights, The Haunted Bookshop, Faulkner House Books, The Strand, a book sale at the Cedar Rapids Public Library, mementos from Akar and Iowa Artisans Gallery, the David Bowie Is exhibit postcards from Chicago's Museum of Contemporary Art – and I wonder whether all this… stuff, now chucked aside, constitutes home.
Home is where you were born in, or where you are based for a longer period of time, right? But is that it? Home, I've come to realize, is more an emotional vessel, a sense of belonging to a community – and memories are the contents in that vessel.
For example, if you had followed the chatter on our IWP 2014 Facebook group, it would appear the trivialities of everyday inconveniences were a constant chorus.
The mattress was too hard/soft. Could we please have anything else aside from the boring breakfast carousel of yoghurt, cereal, toast? Might we have a kitchen so we could whip up our own delicious dishes? Looking back, I could see the litany of complaints as part of our efforts to make the place less like a hotel, and more like, well, a home.
I am reminded, too, of the essay 'World Lite', as raised by Associate Professor Harry Stecoupoulos at a panel during the Iowa City Book Festival. The premise of the essay in n+1 magazine is that world literature has come to represent a canon of eminently readable and immensely marketable writings packaged for mass consumption. These are exemplified by authors like "Orhan Pamuk, Ma Jian, and Haruki Murakami, who successfully transcend their homelands and emerge into a planetary system where their work can acquire a universal relevance."
Was I complicit to this system by taking part in IWP? Was I merely a statistic that fulfils the global-lit agendum, what critic Marjorie Perloff once dismissed as "identity politics and the foregrounding of poets based on identity alone"? I don't know. The answers are not so clear-cut.
Every contact – every point of difference, every miscommunication – was amplified. We were extra nice. We were extra grouchy. We were extra obsequious. Corralling about 30 international writers into one residency was a sociological experiment. We are all bundles of contradictions and we brought our insights and our baggage.
The 10 weeks breezed past like a season of a reality TV show, part scripted, and largely not. It was a hybrid of the singing contest The Voice, the sitcom Arrested Development, and the British comedy series Mind Your Language.
We worked with dancers and failed abysmally at dancing. We entertained ourselves dressing up in the Burmese longyi. There was singing and music (the Mandatories' zinger on the social security number as well as one writer's tremulously sung version of 'Killing Me Softly' stood out.). There was romance. There was much alchohol consumed at Dave's Fox Head Tavern. In a bar along Bourbon Street in New Orleans, a few of us relived our youth dancing unabashedly to Journey's Don't Stop Believin', Glee-style. There were close encounters with marshmallow-chomping alligators at the swamps; statuesque drag queens at Studio 13; benign dentists and hot paramedics. There were writerly get-togethers such as The Hillary Readings at the Common Room on Wednesdays, where we shared anecdotes, works-in-progress, favourite words, not to mention some unmentionable secrets.
There was stereotyping, and much debunking to be done. Names were mangled. Nicknames given. There was merriment, and a few awkward moments. At times, it felt like you were watching a version of yourself, and you laughed and cried at his shenanigans. I was acutely aware I was representing my country, and at the same time, I knew my writing was not representative of the literature back home.
So, what impact would IWP have on me as a writer? Right this moment, a couple of scenes haunt. One was a photo taken by Icelandic author Gerður Kristný: It captured the side-profile of a small Amish girl we saw at a fair in Kalona. She looked like a character right out of a Rembrandt painting. The second was the sight of writers and IWP staff lounging on the banks of Lake MacBride, munching on crackers or fruits, or reading the latest Haruki Murakami or David Mitchell. It reminds me of Georges Seurat's A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte – but of course, we were more relaxed, more casual than the 19th-century Parisians.
And so, it dawns: How different are we, really? Take a look at yourself and you realise you are a constitution of everything you have experienced, everyone you have met. Each writer, staff, student, stranger encountered so far have all become a part of me. They will surface, transmogrified, in some mysterious way, in my writing.
Iowa City is 14 hours behind Singapore, and a part of me is still back in Iowa House Hotel; waking up to another day, knocking on Mamle's room, celebrating Sabata's birthday, cycling with Lwin and Heekyung, goofy-dancing with Kathleen to Future Islands, sprinkling crushed peppermint on yoghurt at Yotopia, brisk-walking to Shambaugh House… wondering who else I may meet, what I may write today.
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Tang Siu Wa On Going Home
The "On Going Home" series offers a glimpse of what returning home means for authors who have spent three months in the U.S. as part of the International Writing Program's Fall Residency. This week's installment comes to us from Tang Siu Wa. Read this entry in its original language by visiting Tang Siu Wa's blog.
I've heard that travel is a good time to get rid of stuff. Take old clothes, wear them and throw them away so as to free up suitcase space for some additional surprises, and general rebirth. For the three-month residency in Iowa, I took two old dresses and planned to throw them away. One was a TOUGH Jeansmith black turtleneck sweater hoodie, good for my self-defense during demonstrations: I had worn it for the WTO protest in 2005. Hit by water cannons, soaked in salty water, it shrank and turned lumpy and ill-fitting. The other was a REPLAY yellow and green plaid crumpled softshirt, which I bought my first year of high school. It's been near twenty years since then. I wore it to the Star Ferry Pier protests to stop its demolition. Recently it had become something to add a scent of unkemptness.
Hanging on to clothes is remembering. In my hesitation to throw things away, I can't help feeling nostalgic. During the IWP residency, I spread out my clothes around my hotel room. Over and over, I tried to give myself reasons to throw them away. In his Tune: Partridge Sky (鷓鴣天), Yan Jidao (晏幾道) writes, "Tipsily I caress the spring clothes, reminiscing about the past from their fragrance / Willfully the gods oppose me, evoking remorse to sting my ignorance." Nalan Xingde's (納蘭性德) Tune: Spring in Princess Qin's Garden (沁園春) says "Tangled in love / Yet my struggle perishes with your sudden death / Packing up your old clothes, their fragrance lingers in the past." These are two cases of stubborn love, ending up with sad stories.
Reminiscing about what? Revolutions in Hong Kong are never written about, if at all, in the city's official history. The official history (if there is one) always says that everything is a top-down gift from the authority [powers-that-be]. The processes and results of revolutionary action are only remembered in one's words, or in one's body. The Taiwanese writer Fang Hueizhen (房慧真) described herself on Facebook as stinky and smelly, after occupying the building of the Taiwanese Congress all day: "But in those exhausted bodies, pairs of eyes shone bright like fire… it's the real moment 'to live'… people gave up their bodily boundaries to build a human wall against the state apparatus. Once you're etched by that feeling, you'll never forget it. Ever." This is well said. She fully captured the feeling of being addicted to protesting.
My attachment to the revolution was both spiritual and physical. The exhausted glamour of people seemed to never have been found anywhere else. After the protest, memories would find a host, either a monument or in clothes, and in small things. Back in my home in Mong Kok, I looked at people at the protest site (and one in Admiralty/Central), thinking, what had kept them there on such a bitterly cold night must be the same fundamental affection.
I told my plan to my best friend, the German poet Anja (IWP '14). German people tend to be emotionally restrained; Anja leads an austere life. She said she's a person who often throws stuff away: "But these two--don't." I knew that I couldn't give them up.
Who was it who said that love is like climbing a mountain -- if you get to the top, it will be hard to come down? Is it because people will cling to the astonishing view at the top of the mountain? I know: it's because of the commitment, the will and the state you are in when you climb. You are afraid that you aren't going to be that absolutely perfect person. Climbers all know that it's easier to get up a hill than down, because it's easy to get hurt while descending. Those who climb for the first time don't have the skill to help them get down safely.
It is said that if a person gives his heart away, a part of his soul also leaves. When the time of farewell came, the Argentine writer told me this would be for good. In order not to have an overweight luggage, I got rid of twenty-three pieces of clothing but brought back those two. On the flight back I tried, over and over, to get online, looking for the other writers on Facebook. I am back now, and ugly news is waiting for me. Protest sites are like painful love: too much attachment makes me want to go back to the beginning every now and then, to cancel out all the mistakes, to start over again. Maybe it is to prove that I have the ability to leap into this world. Maybe I'm attached to the endorphins in my brain, and to the fearless parachuting into this world.
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Sabata-mpho Mokae On Going Home
The "On Going Home" series offers a glimpse of what returning home means for authors who have spent three months in the U.S. as part of the International Writing Program's Fall Residency. This week's installment comes to us from Sabata-mpho Mokae:
The three months that I spent in Iowa City were like an interval, sort of a break between two years if not two eras. When I got home I spoke of 'last year' while referring to the time before departing for the United States, which was just a few months ago. It had been a break from familiarity and routine. But at the same time it was like an island of new life in a sea of old life. That's newness when one knows that whatever is old is guaranteed, albeit seen with different eyes.
I was so looking forward to a reunion with my family that I hardly slept during the fifteen-hour flight from Atlanta to Johannesburg. But just before I left the United States, a foretaste of home came in the form of a young white man who came to sit near me at the airport in Atlanta. He greeted me in English that was heavily accented in Afrikaans, a South African language that is literally derived from Dutch and is widely spoken by white South Africans. It is, historically speaking, the language of the master and the servant, or in the old South African parlance, 'baas' and his 'boy' or 'girl.'
While I was in Iowa City I received fairly enough media coverage back home in South Africa. I also wrote weekly for the Diamond Fields Advertiser, the newspaper I work for. So, many people knew what I was up to in America. The uncertainty was with my employers, who were not sure whether I was still coming back to my old job or whether I was going to take the offers that were coming. I chose to stay - for now.
Coming home also meant falling into the old routine and one of the tasks was to take my seven-year-old son to school daily. On two occasions, and almost just out of the blue, he told me that he was sad when I was gone. I had near-sleepless nights as a result. The International Writing Programme was great. I researched a lot for the novel I'm working on. I learnt from other writers. I had the time to write, with little to no distractions. The programme has opened new doors for me and earned me more respect here in South Africa. But if I were asked to do it again, at this age I'm slightly doubtful. I have the certitude that at fifty-five or sixty, I'd jump at the opportunity. But not when I have a young child who innocently torments me by being honest with how he felt when I was gone.
I made up with my boy. We spent time together. My boy told me stories until he fell asleep and carried on where he left off when he woke up. I spent time with my wife, who used the time I was away to prepare for the examinations for her second degree in psychology. We were delighted when The University of South Africa released results and said she had passed, and the degree is in the bag.
But people in the street expected me to have come back from the United States with new material, and a new accent.
Did I bring back new material?
I have been working tirelessly on my first novel since I got to Iowa City and I'm still on it. I decided to pause, go a bit slower and not as if I'm racing against time. I believe so much in this story that even if I need to work on it for years, I will. There have been too many distractions since I got back and I cannot write well when there are such. It is December now and everybody here is on a holiday mode. This time of the year is also a wedding season in South Africa. Neighbours play loud music whenever they are awake.
But coming back home to South Africa from the US made me realise that while my country is the most industrialised in the African continent, it still has a long way to go in offering its citizens the opportunities that I have been exposed to in the US. I think the idea that we're living in the most industrialised African country has fooled us and now we live in an almost closed community that is hardly exposed to the outer world. It's like missing out on what we have no idea of. I came back home with a yearning to be a world traveler. Having friends across the world, thanks to the International Writing Programme, means I'm on my first steps towards being a global citizen.
I have a crazy idea that my city of Kimberley will one day be like Iowa City in terms of appreciating writers. I live in a city that was once inhabited by great writers such as Sol Plaatje and Olive Schreiner. However, literary appreciation in the city does not reflect its rich literary past. Readings and book launches are hardly well attended. This is while the government of the day is investing funds into literary development in the form of funding literary festivals and giving grants to writers.
A good number of the writers I lived with in Iowa City write in languages other than English. South Africa has eleven official languages and a few 'protected' languages. However, the country is largely English-speaking. I write in English and Setswana, which is tantamount to swimming against the tide here. But having been with writers whose books are written in Arabic, Spanish, Icelandic and so forth has reinforced my resolve to write for the six or so million Africans who speak Setswana across the five southern African countries. I hope to have my work translated into English and other languages though. I have already started translating the work of Omar Pérez (IWP '14, Cuba) that mentions about Africa into Setswana, which I hope will introduce him to readers in southern Africa. I'll pick up the works of other writers that I lived with in Iowa City and do the same.
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UI Librarian Makes Acquisition Trip to Scandinavia
A special guest post by Timothy Shipe.
On August 15 at 6:00 P.M., just as the 2014 contingent of writers was gathering for Chris Merrill's annual backyard picnic, my long-delayed flight to Frankfurt took off from the chaotic aftermath of a thirty-minute shutdown at O'Hare. My destination was Scandinavia, where I would spend the next twenty-four days on behalf of the University Libraries, and where my chief mission was to collect the works of the twenty-nine authors from four countries who have participated in the IWP over the past forty-five years. I considered it a good sign that I acquired my first book on the connecting flight to Helsinki, donated by my seat-mate, who had just published a memoir of her Karelian grandparents and their life in the part of Finland that was annexed by the Soviet Union after World War II.A fortunate coincidence led me to arrive in Helsinki in time to attend the biennial European Avant-garde and Modernism Conference, where I presented a paper on Iowa's International Dada Archive and met many scholars of Dada and surrealism with whom I have collaborated over the years. Before and after the three-day event I scoured every antiquarian book store in the city. Since Finland is a bilingual country with two rather distinct literary scenes, I had to look in different places for the works of authors writing in Finnish and in Swedish. Our 2013 IWP poet Teemu Manninen was incredibly helpful, steering me to bookshops I would otherwise have missed. Finland has sent more writers to Iowa than the other three countries combined, so my week was quite fruitful, as was clear when I hauled my luggage with over 100 books onto the overnight ferry to Stockholm.
Six days in Stockholm yielded another impressive bounty of books, including a complete run of the major poetry journal Lyrikvännen, which has counted IWP alumni Gunnar Harding and Rolf Åggestam among its editors. A peculiarity of the Scandinavian publishing scene is that Finland-Swedish authors tend to issue their books in simultaneous editions with publishers in Finland and Sweden, so I was able to locate some works I had been unable to find in Helsinki. To my great relief, Stockholm was home to a branch of Mailboxes Etc., so I was able to ship my Finnish and Swedish purchases back to Iowa and avoid filling a compartment with books on my remaining train rides.A three-day stay in Oslo was sufficient to amass a fairly complete collection of the works of Norway's three IWP alumni; my hotel was conveniently located across the street from the Litteraturhuset (House of Literature). My final stop was Copenhagen, where I met with one of our two Danish alumni, Mathilde Walther Clark, who kindly provided almost all of her published work, including the most treasured find of my trip, the Iowan Dictionary which she compiled with Mexican writer Jose Eugenio Sanchez. Published by the "Super Royal Academy of Iowan Language," the work chronicles the experiences of the IWP Class of 2006 in a series of tongue-in-cheek definitions. (For example: "natasa: Indeterminate noun. A funny but noisy concept that could be a long short story in itself.")An extra checked suitcase was adequate to bring back the works of two Danish writers. Some excellent antiquarian contacts established in all four countries should enable me to further develop the Scandinavian component of the Libraries' IWP collection, which stands as an impressive testimony to the formidable literary output of nearly fifty years' worth of participants in the International Writing Program.
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The writer's path in Ghana: a happy turn
A special guest post by Mamle KABU, a 2014 Fall Resident from Ghana.
Still fighting off jet lag from my trip from Ghana to Iowa to join the International Writing Program, I woke up to the most elating news this morning. The Writers Project of Ghana (WPG), of which I am a co-director, had just received a commitment from the Miles Morland Foundation in the UK for a generous grant.The WPG is a charitable organization dedicated to promoting Ghanaian writers and nurturing new literary talent. It reaches out to writers through various programs and activities including public readings, writing workshops and a weekly live radio program. It was established in 2008 with funding from the US Embassy. However it is not easy to find funding for the arts in Ghana and the organization has kept going mainly through the dedication of its principal director, Martin Egblewogbe and of a handful of staunch members.
In any society, it is daunting for new writers to find their voices and go public with their work. Ghana is no exception to this. There is no clear-cut path laying out the nebulous business of 'becoming a writer,' no creative writing degrees, a brutally limited reading public and a publishing industry that can be far from writer-friendly. The best-known literary names are from the older generations, many Ghanaian writers based abroad are virtually unknown at home and it is only in recent years that an appreciable swell of contemporary writing has begun to make itself felt in-country.
In this environment, the opportunity to attend a writers' workshop or to feature as a guest reader on a radio program even without any published work to one's name, is literally a lifeline for an aspiring writer. With its new grant, the WPG hopes to strengthen its fundraising capacity among other things and, together with other writers' groups like the Ghana Association of Writers and the Mbaasem Foundation (for women writers), illuminate further the difficult pathway to becoming a writer.
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#Iwritehere: Where do you write?
There's still time to enroll in How Writers Write Poetry, which opens June 28, 2014. The course is part of a new University of Iowa MOOC series: How Writers Write: Talks on Craft and Commitment; a fiction writing course will launch in September 2014.
Special thanks to Between the Lines counselor Nana for letting us post this photo of her writing space. More photos of Nana's spaces here.
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Hey Poets: 32 Day Countdown to Poetry Writing MOOC
Here's a quick introduction to the course from instructors Mary Hickman and Christopher Merrill. A complete course syllabus can be found here.
How Writers Write Poetry is part of a new University of Iowa MOOC series: How Writers Write: Talks on Craft and Commitment; a fiction writing course will launch in September 2014.
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Who is Your Rumi? New Film Explores Rumi's International Poetic Legacy
The lyrical 49-minute documentary can be viewed at: http://iwp.uiowa.edu/programs/international-conferences/the-same-gate alongside a 13-minute companion feature in which participants tackle the question "Who is your Rumi?" exploring how, eight centuries after his death, Rumi remains a central poet in Afghan, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Turkish literature and a bestselling poet in the U.S..
"Rumi accepted women into the spiritual tradition…he had female disciples, he corresponded with female mystics…I've come to understand Rumi as the best kind of humanist…Rumi was somebody universal, like Shakespeare..."
--Bina Shah (Writer/Journalist, Pakistan)
Bezjian recorded dozens of hours of interviews with participants, who included Pakistani writer and New York Times columnist Bina Shah and National Book Award winner Marilyn Hacker, capturing excursions retracing Rumi's steps in Turkey, visiting the poet's shrine in Konya, and even meeting with Esin Celebi Bayru, Rumi's granddaughter twenty-one generations removed.
"Shot in English, Pashto and Persian, The Same Gate gives you a sense of how writers from different traditions engage with Rumi, and how varied their interpretations of his work are. You have scholars engaging with Rumi as a historical project and others for whom the connection is more visceral, like young Afghan journalist, writer, and human rights worker Farkhonda Arzooaby, who comes from Rumi's home region of Balkh. You have people like Pakistani writer Bina Shah who make the case for Rumi as enlarging women's place in Islam, and others with more traditionalist visions," says 91st Meridian Editor Nataša Durovicová who is compiling the 120-page volume of ghazals (a poetic form employed by Rumi), prose reflections, and essays by The Same Gate participants, to be published by Autumn Hill Books."A great prolific poet like Rumi who writes tens of thousands of lines…he's a spiritual master, humble, simple...the way he uses to teach is the metaphor…like Christ, like Buddha, Rumi is everyone's and no one's…"
--Golan Haji (Poet/Translator, Syria/France)
The Same Gate conference brought writers from six countries together to converse, collaborate, and challenge each other's ideas, using Rumi's poetry as common ground. The film and accompanying volume of collaborative work capture the rich intellectual and cultural exchange made possible by the project, embodying the Rumi ghazal that gave The Same Gate its name.
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NICK SCHWIEN • Hays Daily News Dylan Sherfick (66D) uses the low line to pass competitors in a modified heat race Saturday at RPM Speedway in Hays.
By NICK SCHWIEN
A typical season for Dylan Sherfick begins with several competitive outings, then finishes with multiple wins.
That's been the trend the last few seasons for the modified driver from WaKeeney.
But the 2013 season started differently. Sherfick won two races by the first part of June -- one at RPM Speedway in Hays and the other at WaKeeney Speedway.
Then, he fell into a bit of a funk. He had a few DNFs and a couple top 10s, sprinkled in with a few second-place outings. It just wasn't the success Sherfick had grown accustomed to, though.
On Saturday night, Sherfick got back into solid form by winning the modified feature at RPM.
"It seemed like at the start of the year, it started off good and I got a couple wins pretty quick," he said. "It seems like I've been in a slump the middle of the season. Finally, I got another one picked up here."
Sherfick started eighth in the 20-lap feature and worked his way into the top four by the second lap. He continued to pick off drivers until settling into third place behind leader Rodger Peck and Ronnie Hill on lap nine when the caution waved for the final time.
"I was a little worried, because before that restart my car was working good on the bottom," Sherfick said. "Luckily, I hugged it down enough to where I caught a little bit of moisture. The good thing about it was I found something toward the top (in three and four). That actually helped me out."
Sherfick moved into second on lap 10, then got by Peck to lead the race on lap 12 after Peck's car started to go away from him. He led 10 of the first 11 laps.
"It's just one of those deals where you have to be at the right spot at the right time," Sherfick said. "It worked out for me."
Tim Watts, who started fifth, jumped from fourth to second on lap 12 when Sherfick took the lead.
"My car was good on the outside, and everybody else was kind of running the inside," Watts said. "That gained me quite a few starts on the restarts."
Watts held off Corey Lagroon for the runner-up spot, and Hill finished fourth.
"Until my tire went away, I thought we had it won for a little bit," Watts said. "We were really coming, and it just kind of died at the end. But it's still pretty good."
Jason Schoenberger, who has raced sparingly this season, was fifth after starting 17th. He was making a charge to the front before getting too high in turns three and four on lap 14, losing his momentum and chances for a win.
* Monte Honas continued to dominate the 3âÑ8-mile oval in Hays, winning his ninth straight sport compact feature. He started 10th but was in second by the end of the first lap. Honas took the lead on lap five from Kirk Pfannenstiel, who finished second. Michael Smith was third, and Dean Herzog was fourth.
* Ron Wehling led all 15 laps of the hobby stock feature for his second win in a row at RPM. Trevor Schmidt was second, followed by G.W. Fuller and Kent Tammen.
* Seven cautions in the first five laps of the Northern sport mod feature made things interesting, but it didn't hamper Cory Struckhoff's ability to win. Struckhoff grabbed the lead early and led the rest of the way. Daniel Gottschalk was second, with Tyler Frye in third and Jake Krone fourth.
* Shaylon Holloway became the eighth different stock car driver to win a feature in Hays this year. Holloway led every lap while holding off a hard-charging Jeff Tubbs. Jason Davis was third, and B.J. Wagoner was fourth.
* Racing returns to RPM on Sept. 21, the final regularly scheduled night of racing before Fall National VII on Oct. 10 to 12.
The HDNews.net/racing Channel is available on YouTube, featuring in-car camera videos and much more.


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Maranda J (Wadsworth) Kearns' Family Home PageUpdated November 7, 2005 | |
Hello, Family, and anyone else who is visiting! I am researching my family history on my side of the family and will eventually do my husband, Dave's, side as well. I am grateful for the opportunity to put this information on the web for my family to see, and am excited at the discoveries that no doubt lie ahead. If anyone has any comments or would like to make any changes, please drop me a line via email. Feel free to check back from time to time as I will be adding information sporadically. I look forward to hearing from you. |
Maranda J Kearns 24 24th Ave Isle of Palms, SC 29451 United States email@example.com |
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NCAAB Basketball - Preview
Southern Jaguars vs. Florida Gators | |
The Southern Jaguars and the Florida Gators will both be trying to pick up a win on Monday when they battle at Stephen O'Connell Center. In their last action, Southern was an 87-78 winner on the road against North Florida. Florida was an 86-56 winner in its last match at home against Arkansas-Little Rock. They covered the 20-point spread as favorites. Southern: Team record: 1-3 SU, 0-0 ATS Florida: Team record: 2-1 SU, 1-0-1 ATS is 23-2 SU in its last 25 games at home When playing on Monday are 9-1 Southern home to Arkansas-Little Rock, Friday, November 22 Florida home to Middle Tennessee, Thursday, November 21 |


text: YREKA, Calif. — The woman reportedly involved in a Medford man's murder is now sentenced to three years behind bars. Amber Lubbers says she helped her relative, Patricia MacCallum cover up the murder of Michael Christopher MacCallum. Patricia and Michael were married at the time of the murder. Michael Christopher MacCallum's body was found at … Continue reading »


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There's nothing like slipping a record out of its sleeve, placing it carefully on the turntable, and hearing it play.
You may have become aware of the resurgence of vinyl. Popular artists have started releasing their albums as exactly that, albums, and it's clearly something buyers want. Purchases of vinyl are increasing, whereas CD sales are decreasing.
As a testament to how popular records are, April 21 was Record Store Day. Many artists participated by releasing music on records. Even the queen of pop, Katy Perry, re-released her latest album, "Teenage Dream," on vinyl. Record Store Day was first celebrated in 2008, right when record sales began to take off.
There are several reasons why records have suddenly come back into fashion. After all, the '90s seemed to have spelled its downfall: CDs had taken over, and even cassettes were more popular. Later on, digital music was newer and more accessible. In the late 2000s, however, records were selling quickly, despite an overall decrease in album sales. By 2010, the trend became evident: Album sales decreased by 13 percent, but sales of vinyl increased by 14 percent. CD sales fell almost 20 percent that year, and digital sales only increased by 1 percent.
Opinions on the reasons for this resurgence vary. Connoisseurs of music go back and forth on whether records have a superior sound. Some say you can hear the nuances of the music more easily and the sound is "warmer," a phrase that gets thrown around a lot. Others say it doesn't make enough of a difference — or any difference at all — and digital is just as good.
It isn't really the quality that matters to most people. If you ask the average record-buyer what the difference is in sound, they won't have a particularly detailed answer. They might have vague thoughts on quality, but it's doubtful they can explain why. Full disclosure: I love records, mostly due to the influence of my dad. I've heard about why the quality is better many times, but I couldn't possibly explain it. And really, that's fine, because it's not the primary reason we're buying records.
In the age of digital music, we can shuffle through hundreds of songs in no time at all. Convenience seems to be the hallmark of the 21st century, but in the past few years, music lovers have started to latch onto the trend of nostalgia that's taken hold. However, instead of watching "Mad Men" or wearing vintage clothing, they're buying their favorite albums on vinyl.
For the average listener in this nostalgia category, it's all about the experience. When was the last time you sat down and just listened to an album? Not while you were doing homework, or driving your car, or walking to class, but just sat down and listened to the music? It might seem quaint, but not so long ago, people used to spend time alone or with friends listening to records.
For the most part, we don't listen to music in the same way anymore. Music is all around us, but it's rarely at the forefront of our minds. When you're flipping through songs, it's easy to default to your favorites and not bother to give a second listen to the other tracks. When you're playing a record you can skip tracks, but I seldom do, and that draws you into the music. You notice things you wouldn't have otherwise, and you start to love songs you might not have taken the time to listen to before.
Where is the fun in a digital library on your computer? I might own thousands of songs, but I can't put them on a bookshelf and examine the album art. I can't hold them in my hands or pass them on to someone else to enjoy. Despite growing up in the digital age, I would rather have a record than a collection of MP3s, and it seems like the same goes for many people. If I like a song, I'll buy it digitally, but if I truly love an album, I'll buy it on vinyl. I've got a small collection going which I count as some of my prized possessions. I would never give up my Sex Pistols albums, and Ben Folds holds a special place on my shelf.
Flipping through songs on your computer is great for background music or a brief distraction, but if you want to be forced to sit down and truly enjoy it, try listening to records. It could bring an element of depth to the music that you didn't know existed.
Reach opinion writer Indigo Trigg-Hauger at firstname.lastname@example.com. Twitter: @OpinionDailyUW
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Detalles del Producto
The Router lets you access the Internet via a wireless connection or through one of its four switched Gigabit Ethernet ports. With the built-in Storage Link, you can easily add gigabytes of storage space onto your network using USB 2.0 hard drives, or plug in a USB flash disk to access your portable data files. The E3000's built-in media server streams music, video and photos from an attached storage device to any UPnP-compatible media adapter or player. A variety of security features help to protect your data and your privacy while you are online.
Título del Producto: Linksys E3000 High Performance Wireless-N Router - Optimized for Tablets
Fabricante: Linksys
Power Score: 4.0 | 13 Reviews


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Branham named girls soccer team MVPThursday, March 28th, 2013 Issue 13, Volume 17.
Branham, a senior, was Fallbrooks goalkeeper. The players overwhelmingly selected Branham as the teams Most Valuable Player. "She deserved it. She never gave up," said Fallbrook coach Miguel Trejo. "She went out there and played her best, and thats all you can ask for. She would always go to practice, go to games, and walk on the field with a smile." The Most Valuable Player, Most Inspirational, and Most Improved awards were voted upon by the players while the coaching staff bestowed the Coaches Award. Senior defender Marissa Lopez, who was one of the Warriors captains, was voted to receive the Most Inspirational honors. "She would always show up for the games ready to play, motivated," Trejo said. Trejo also noted Lopezs support for her teammates. "She was always there for everybody," Trejo said. "She would do what it took to put a smile on every girls face." Senior defender Jackie Castaneda took home the Most Improved award. "She learned a lot. She was like a sponge. She absorbed all the information that my assistant coach and I gave her," Trejo said. "She was always willing to give it her best." Edward Orozco was Trejos assistant coach. The Coaches Award was given to sophomore Jenna Murphy. "She was the last one to leave. She was always willing to pick up," Trejo said. Murphy was often the first to arrive at practice, but she was usually the last to board the team bus as well as to leave the bus as part of her efforts to ensure that her teammates travel needs were met. "She showed each one of the girls what respect is," Trejo said. Murphy was both a defender and a forward during the season. "She was willing to play her heart out," Trejo said. "She never gave up on any play." Murphy scored the Warriors final goal of the season Feb. 14 at Rancho Buena Vista when the Longhorns goalkeeper turned out not to have control of the ball in her hands. "She was one of those girls who were always willing to fight for a victory," Trejo said. The banquet also gave awards to junior varsity players. Anya Bell was the Most Valuable Player; Taryn Sehnert received Most Improved; Camden Vellon was the Most Inspirational, and Ashley Cook took home the Coaches Award. 0 comments Be the first to share your opinion on this article!
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This program also contains a teaser at the front featuring two of the characters but it does not appear in the program and the dialog is not correct for what happens in the program. I'm not sure why that is - but to continue... Killing Valley is the name of a small town. It's obviously named for the family of the town's leading citizen, the elderly Josiah Killing. A native of the town, a young lady, has written her first book. It is a best seller and her publisher is clamoring for another work to be produced. She decides that her second book will be an expose of her hometown and she is most eager to write it in order to open closets full of skeletons. Needless to say, when word gets out about her plan, and then she returns to the town to actually write the book, she is received with less-than-open arms. A few more variables make this an interesting episode. | |
Jusko, 2012-12-13 10:31:18 |
A successful authoress returns to the small town where she grew up to get revenge on the powerful people who destroyed her father. She starts research to write a tell-all about the town, and learns some unexpected facts about her father and mother. | |
Mon Dupont, 2012-12-19 10:56:48 |
An author uses her success to exact revenge on an entire town. Her birthplace, she feels, turned their backs on her father causing him a life of hardship and his eventual death. She means to write an exposé on every on of them and receives a less-than-warm welcome when she returns home to do some research for the book. | |
Chelsea, 2013-01-17 11:30:54 |


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Fundementals of Refrigeration - Matter and Heat Behavior
by Oldrich Bocek(1939-2003)Thermal Management ExpertBerg Chilling Systems Inc.
All known matter exists in one of three physical forms or states: solid, liquid, or gaseous. There are distinct dissimilarities among these physical states namely:
Matter in solid state will retain its quantity, shape, and physical dimensions. A cubic foot of wood will retain its weight, size, and shape even if moved from place to place.
Matter in a liquid state will retain its quantity and size but not its shape. The liquid will always conform to the occupying container. If a cubic foot of water in a container measuring 1 foot on each side is transferred to a container of different rectangular dimensions, the quantity and volume of the water will be the same although the dimension will change.
Matter in gaseous state does not have a tendency to retain either its size or its shape. If a one foot cylinder containing steam or some other gas is connected to a 2-cubic foot cylinder on which a vacuum has been drawn, the vapor will expand to occupy the volume of the large cylinder. Although these specific differences exist in the three states of matter, quite frequently, under changing conditions of pressure and temperature, the same substance may exist in any one of the three states, such as a solid, a liquid, or vapor (ice, water, and steam, for example). Solids always have some definitive shape, whereas liquids and gases have no definitive shape of their own, but will conform to the shape of their containers.
All matter is composed of small particles known as molecules, for the present we will concern ourselves only with the molecule, the smallest particle into which any matter or substance can be broken down and still retain its identity. Molecules vary in shape, size, and weight. In physics we learn that molecules have a tendency to cling together. When heat energy is applied to a substance it increases the internal energy of the molecules, which increase their motion or velocity of movement. With this increase in the movement of the molecules, there is also rise or increase in the temperature of the substance. When heat is removed from a substance, it follows that the velocity of the molecular movement will decrease and also that there will be a decrease or lowering of the internal temperature of the substance.
When a solid substance is heated, the molecular motion is chiefly in the form of rapid motion back and forth, the molecules never moving far from their normal or original position. But at some given temperature for that particular substance, further addition of heat will not necessarily increase the molecular motion within the substance; instead, the additional heat will cause some solids to liquefy (change into a liquid). Thus the additional heat causes a change of state in the material.
The temperature at which this change of state in a substance takes place is called its melting point. Let us assume that a container of water at 70 deg F, in which a thermometer has been placed, is left in the freezer for hours. When it is taken from the freezer, it has become a block of ice - solidification has taken place. Let us further assume that the thermometer in the ice block indicates a temperature of 20 deg F.
If it is allowed to stand at room temperature, heat from the room air will be absorbed by the ice until the thermometer indicates a temperature of 32 deg F, when some of the ice will begin to change into water. With heat continuing to transfer from the room air to the ice, more ice will change back into the water; but the thermometer will continue to indicate a temperature a temperature of 32 deg F until all the ice has melted. Liquefaction has now taken place.
As mentioned, when all the ice is melted, the thermometer will indicate a temperature of 32ºF, but the temperature of the water will continue to rise until it reaches or equals room temperature. If sufficient heat is added to the container of water through outside means such as a burner, the temperature of the water will increase until it reaches 212ºF, at this temperature, and under "standard" atmospheric pressure, another change will take place - vaporization. Some of the water will vaporize into steam and, with the addition of more heat, all of the water will vaporize into steam; yet the temperature of the water will not increase above 212ºF.
Thus far we have learned bow solids can change into liquid, and how a liquid can change in to a vapor but it is possible for a substance to undergo a physical change through which solid will change directly into a gaseous state without first melting into a liquid. This is known as a sublimation. As an example, dry ice (CO2) at atmospheric conditions sublimes directly into vapor. Let us review these changes of state: a) SOLIDIFICATION - a change from a liquid to a solid. LIQUEFACTION - a change from a solid to a liquid. VAPORIZATION - a change from a liquid to a vapor. CONDENSATION - a change from a vapor to a liquid. SUBLIMATION - a change from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state.
Most of us are acquainted with common measurement, such as those pertaining to length, weight, volume, etc.; but now we move into other types of measurement, such as those of heat intensity, heat quantity, and energy conversion units.
Heat is a form of energy which is not measurable in itself; but the heat intensity, or temperature of a substance, can be measured. A unit of the intensity of heat is called the degree, measured on the temperature scale. In the discussion of state of matter, temperature was discussed, as was the addition or removal of heat. Relatively, water is colder than steam; yet it is, at the same time, warmer than ice. Temperature scales were formulated through use of glass tubes with similar interior diameter and reservoir for the liquid - such as mercury - that will expand and rise up in the tube when heated.
The Fahrenheit thermometer or scale is based on the relative position of the mercury in the thermometer when water is at the freezing point and when water is boiling. the distance between these two points was divided into 180 equal portions or parts called degrees. The point where water either will freeze, or ice will melt, under normal atmospheric conditions, was labeled as 32 degrees; whereas the location, or point on the thermometer where water will boil was labeled 212 degrees; whereas the thermometer has been the one most commonly used in most types of refrigeration engineering work. A Celsius thermometer formerly called a Centigrade thermometer, is used in chemistry and physics, especially in continental Europe, south Americas and Asia.
A frequently asked question is why the boiling point of water and the melting point of ice where used as the standard for both thermometers. These points or temperatures were chosen because water has a very constant boiling and freezing temperature, and water is a very common substance.
Most frequently a conversion from one temperature scale to other is made by the use of a conversion table, but if one is not available, the conversion can be done easily by a formula using these equations:
(2-1) Deg. F = 1.8 ºC + 32
Deg. F = 5/9 ºC + 32
(2-2) Deg. C = (ºF - 32)/1.8
Deg. C = 5/9(ºF - 32)
Thus far, in measurement of heat intensity, we have located two definitive reference points - the freezing point and the boiling point of water on both the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. We now must locate still a third definite point - absolute zero. This is the point where, it is believed all molecular action ceases. As already noted on the Fahrenheit temperature scale, this is about 460 Deg. below zero, -460 Deg. F, while on the Celsius scale it is about 273 Deg. below zero, or -273 Deg. C. Certain basic laws, are based on the use of absolute temperatures. If a Fahrenheit reading is given, the addition of 460 Deg. to this reading will convert it to Degrees Rankin or Deg. R; whereas if the reading is from the Celsius scale, the addition of 273 Deg. will convert it to degrees Kelvin, Deg. K.
Heat quantity is different from heat intensity, because it takes into consideration not only the temperature of the fluid or substance being measured but also its weight. The unit of heat quantity is the British thermal unit (Btu). Water is used as a standard for this unit of heat quantity; a Btu is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.
Two Btu will cause a change in temperature of two degrees Fahrenheit of one pound of water; or it will cause a change in temperature of one degree Fahrenheit of two pounds of water. Therefore, when considering a change in temperature of water, the following equation may be utilized:
(2-3) Btu = W x TD
Where Change in heat (in Btu) = Weight (in pounds) x Temperature Difference.
The specific heat of a substance is the quantity of heat in Btu's required to change the temperature of one pound of substance one degree Fahrenheit. Btu is the amount of heat necessary to increase the temperature of one pound water one degree Fahrenheit, or to lower the temperature of the same weight of water by the same unit of measurement on a thermometer.
Therefore, the specific heat of water is 1.0; and water is the basis for the specific heat table in figure 2-8
Fig. 2-8 Specific Heat of Common substances Btu/lb/ºF.
You will see that different substances vary in their capacity to absorb or give up heat. The specific heat values of most substances will vary with a change in temperature; some vary only a slight amount, while others can change considerably.
Suppose that two containers are placed on a heating element or burner side by side, one containing water and the other an equal amount, by weight, of olive oil. You would soon find that the temperature of the olive oil increases at a more rapid rate than that of the water, demonstrating that olive oil absorbs heat more rapidly than water.
If the rate of the temperature increase of the olive oil was approximately twice that of the water, it could be said that olive oil requires only half as much heat as water to increase its temperature one degree Fahrenheit. Based on the value 1.0 for the specific heat of water, it would show that the specific heat of olive oil must be approximately 0.5, or half that of water. (The table of specific heat of substances shows that olive oil has a value of 0.47).
Equation (2-3) from previous discussion can now be stated as:
(2-4) Btu = W x c x TD
Where c = specific heat of a substance; W = the weight of substance; and TD = temperature difference.
The specific heat of a substance also will change, with a change in the state of substance. Water is a very good example of this variation in specific heat. Specific heat of water is 1.0; but as solid ice, its specific heat approximates 0.50; and a similar value is applied to steam 0.48; the gaseous state of the water.
Example: determine the amount of Btu which must be removed to cool 40 lb. of 20% salt brine from 60ºF to 20ºF.
Btu = W x c x TD
Btu = 40 lb. x 0.85 x (60ºF - 20ºF)
Btu = 1360
Heat that can be felt or measured is called sensible heat. It is the heat that causes a change in temperature of a substance, but not a change in state. Substances, whether in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state, contain sensible heat to some degree, as long as their temperatures are above absolute zero. Equations used for solution of heat quantity, and those used in conjunction with specific heats, might be classified as being sensible heat equations, since none of them involve any change of state.
Under a change of state, most substances will have a melting point at which they will change from solid to a liquid without any increase in temperature. At this point, if the substance is in a liquid state and heat is removed from it, the substance will solidify without a change in its temperature. The heat involved in either of these processes (changing from a solid to a liquid or from liquid to a solid), without a change in temperature, is known as the latent heat of fusion.
Figure 2-9 shows the relationship between temperature in Fahrenheit degrees and both sensible and latent heat in Btu's.
Figure 2-9 Chart demonstrating sensible and latent heat relationships in melting ice, changing ice to water and water to steam.
As pointed out earlier, the specific heat of water is 1.0 and that of ice is 0.50, which is the reason for the difference in slope of the lines denoting the solid (ice) and liquid (water). To increase the temperature of the ice from -40ºF to 32ºF requires only 36 Btu of heat. (-40ºF to 32ºF = 72ºF temperature change). (Btu = 1 lb. x 0.50 x 72 = 36). From B to C, 144 Btu were added to melt the ice. The temperature did not change from B to C. From C to D, 180 Btu were added to heat the water from 32ºF to 212ºF. From D to E, 970 Btu were added to vaporize water. Note that the temperature did not change form D to E.
The derivation of the word latent is from the Latin word for hidden. This is hidden heat, which does not register on the thermometer, nor can it be felt. Needless to say, there is no increase or decrease in the molecular motion within the substance, for it would show up as a change in temperature on a thermometer.
(2-6) Btu = (W1 x c1 x TD1)
+ (W1 x latent heat)
+ (W2 x c2 x TD2)
Another type of latent heat that must be taken into consideration when total heat calculations are necessary is called latent heat of vaporization. This is the heat that one pound of a liquid absorbs while being changed into the vapor stage. Or it can be classified as the latent heat of condensation; for, when sensible heat is removed from the vapor to the extent that it reaches the condensing point, the vapor condenses back into the liquid form.
The absorption of the amount of heat necessary for the change of state from a liquid to a vapor by evaporation, and the release of that amount of heat necessary for the change of state from a vapor back to the liquid by condensation are the main principles of the refrigeration process, or cycle. Refrigeration is the transfer of heat by the change in state of the refrigerant.
The second law of thermodynamics, states that heat transfer in only one direction - downhill; and this takes place through one of the three basic methods of heat transfer. A. Conduction, B. Convection, C. Radiation.
Conduction is described as the transfer of heat between closely-packed molecules of the substance, or between substances that are touching or in good contact with one another. When the transfer of heat occurs in a single substance, such as a metal rod with one end in a flame, movement of heat continues until there are is a temperature balance throughout the length of the rod.
If the rod is immersed in water, the rapidly moving molecules on the surface of the rod will transmit some heat to the molecules of water, and still another transfer of heat by conduction takes place. As the outer surface of the rod cools off, there is still some heat within the rod, and this will continue to transfer to the outer surfaces of the rod and then to the water, until a temperature balance is reached.
The speed with which heat will transfer by means of conduction will vary with different substances or materials if the substances or materials are of the same dimensions. The rate of heat transfer will vary according to the ability of the materials or the substances to conduct heat. Solids, on the whole, are much better conductors than liquids; and in turn, liquids conduct heat better than gases or vapors.
Most metals, such as gold, silver, copper, steel, and iron, conduct heat fairly rapidly, whereas other solids such as glass, wood, polyurethane, or other fibrous building materials transfer heat at a much slower rate and are therefore used as insulators.
Copper is an excellent conductor of heat, as is aluminum. These substances are ordinarily used in refrigeration evaporators, condensers, and refrigeration pipes connecting the various components of a refrigerant system, although iron and carbon steel is occasionally used with some large refrigerant installations.
The rate at which the heat may be conducted through various materials is dependent on such factors as (a) thickness of material, (b) its cross-sectional area, (c) the temperature difference between the two sides of the material, (d) the heat conductivity (k factor) of the material, and (e) the time duration of the heat flow.
Figure 2-10 is a table of heat conductivity (k factors) of some common materials.
Figure 2-10 Conductivities for common building and insulating materials.
NOTE: The k factors are given in Btu/hr/ft sq/ºF/in. of thickness of the material. These factors may be utilized through use of the following equation:
(2-7) Btu =(A x k x TD)/X
Where: A = Cross-sectional area in ft sq. k = Heat conductivity in Btu/hr. TD = Temperature difference between the two sides. X = Thickness of material in inches.
Metals with a high conductivity are used within the refrigeration system itself because it is desirable that rapid transfer of heat occur in both evaporator and condenser. The evaporator is where heat is removed from the conditioned space or substance; the condenser dissipates this heat to another medium or space.
In the case of the evaporator, the substance or air is at a higher temperature than the refrigerant within the tubing and there is a transfer of heat downhill; whereas in the condenser the refrigerant vapor is at a higher temperature than the cooling medium traveling through the condenser, and here again there is a downhill transfer of heat.
Plain tubing, whether copper, or aluminum, or another metal, will transfer heat according to its conductivity or k factor, but this heat transfer can be increased through addition of fins on the tubing. They will increase the area of heat transfer surface, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the system. If additions of fins doubles the surface area, it can be shown by the use of Eq. (2-7) that the overall heat transfer should itself be doubled, when compared to that of plain tubing.
Another means of heat transfer is by motion of the heated material itself and is limited to liquid or gas. When a material is heated, convection currents are set up within it, and the warmer portions of it rise, since heat brings about the decrease of a fluid's density and an increase of its specific volume.
Air within a refrigerator and water being heated in a pan are prime examples of the result of convection currents. The air in contact with the cooling coil on a refrigerator becomes cool and therefore more dense, and begins to fall to the bottom of the refrigerator. In doing so, it absorbs heat from the product and the walls of the refrigerator, which, through conduction, has picked up heat from the room.
After heat has been absorbed by the air it expands, becoming lighter, and rises until it again reaches the cooling coil where heat is removed from it. The convection cycle repeats as long as there is a temperature difference between the air and the coil. In commercial-type units, baffles may be constructed within the box in order that the convection currents will be directed or take the desired patterns of air flow around the cooling coil.
Water heated in a pan will be affected by the convection currents set up within it through application of heat. The water nearest the heat source, in absorbing heat, becomes warmer and expands. As a result it becomes lighter, it rises and is replaced by the cooler more dense water. This process will continue until all of the water is at the same temperature.
Convection currents as explained here are natural, and, as is the case of the refrigerator, a natural flow is a slow flow. In many cases, convection must be increased through use of fans or blowers and, in the case of liquids, pumps are used for forced circulation to transfer heat from one place to another.
A third means of heat transfer is through radiation by waves similar to light or sound waves. The sun's rays heat the earth by means of radiant heat waves, which travel in a straight path without heating the intervening matter of air. The heat from a light bulb or from a hot stove is radiant in nature and is felt by those near them, although the air between the source and the object, which the rays pass through, is not heated. If you have been relaxing in the shade of a building or a tree on a hot sunny day and move into direct sunlight, the direct impact of the heat waves will hit like a sledge hammer even though the air temperature in the shade is approximately the same as in the sunlight.
Al low temperatures there is only a small amount of radiation, and only minor temperature differences are noticed; therefore radiation has very little effect in actual process of refrigeration itself. But results of radiation from direct solar rays can cause an increased refrigeration load in a building air conditioning system. Radiant heat is readily absorbed by dark or dull materials or substances, whereas light-colored surfaces or materials will reflect radiant heat waves, just as they do light rays.
When radiant heat or energy (since all heat is energy) is absorbed by a material or substance it is converted into sensible heat - that which can be felt or measured. Every body or substance absorbs radiant energy to some extent, depending upon the temperature difference between the specific body or substance and other body or substances. Every substance will radiate energy as long as its temperature is above absolute zero and another substance within its proximity is at a lower temperature.
Any material that deters or helps to prevent the transfer of heat by any means is called and may be used as insulation. Of course, no material will stop completely the flow of heat. If there were such a substance, it would be very easy to cool a given space down to desired temperature and keep it there.
such substances as cord, glass fibers, mineral wool, polyurethane and polystyrene foams are good examples of insulating materials; but numerous other substances are used in insulating refrigerated spaces or buildings.
Insulation should be fire and moisture resistant, and also vermin proof. Low temperature components and boxes require an insulation that is vapor-resistant, such as unicellular foam, so that water vapor will not readily penetrate through into the insulation and condense there, reducing the insulating efficiency.
A common term that has been used in refrigeration work to define and measure capacity or refrigeration effect is called a ton of refrigeration. It is the amount of heat absorbed in melting a tone of ice (2,000 lb) over a 24-hour period.
The ton of refrigeration is equal to 288,000 Btu. This may be calculated by multiplying the weight of ice (2,000 lb) by the latent heat of fusion (melting) of ice (144 Btu/lb). Thus
2.000 lb x 144 Btu/lb = 288,000 Btu
in 24 hours or 12,000 Btu per hour (288,000 / 24). Therefore, one ton of refrigeration = 12,000 Btu/hr.
The change of state of matter can be effected by adding or taking away heat. Heat effect or intensity can be measured by the use of thermometers. Heat always travels from a warmer condition to a cooler condition. Substances have different capacities to absorb heat. Heat exists in two forms: sensible and latent. The unit of measure to express heat quantity is the Btu. Heat can be transferred by several methods: conduction, convection and radiation. An insulator is a substance that will retard the flow of heat.
Disclaimer - While Berg Chilling Systems Inc. ("Berg") makes reasonable efforts in providing accurate information, we make no representations or warranties regarding the accuracy of any content therein. We assume no liability or responsibility for any typographical, content or other errors or omissions. We reserve the right to modify the content of this documentation without advance notice.