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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Airbus A310 | |
Role | Wide-body jet airliner |
National origin | Multi-national[1] |
Manufacturer | Airbus |
First flight | 3 April 1982 |
Introduction | April 1983 with Swissair |
Status | Out of production, in service |
Primary users | FedEx Express Air Transat Pakistan International Airlines Mahan Air |
Produced | 1983–1998 |
Number built | 255[2] |
Developed from | Airbus A300 |
Variants | A310 MRTT CC-150 Polaris |
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Airbus A310 | |
Role | Wide-body jet airliner |
National origin | Multi-national[1] |
Manufacturer | Airbus |
First flight | 3 April 1982 |
Introduction | April 1983 with Swissair |
Status | Out of production, in service |
Primary users | FedEx Express Air Transat Pakistan International Airlines Mahan Air |
Produced | 1983–1998 |
Number built | 255[2] |
Developed from | Airbus A300 |
Variants | A310 MRTT CC-150 Polaris |
The Airbus A310 is a medium- to long-range twin-engined wide-body jet airliner that was developed and manufactured by Airbus. Released in 1983, it was the second aircraft to enter production by Airbus Industrie,Note 1 the consortium of European aerospace companies now a subsidiary of Airbus Group. The A310 is a sequel to the original Airbus A300, the first twin-engined widebody airliner.
During the development of the original Airbus A300, a range of aircraft size and capacity were studied; the resulting Airbus A300B was one of the smaller options. When the A300B1 prototypes emerged, a number of airlines asked for greater capacity, which resulted in the initial production A300B2 version. As the A300 entered service, it became increasingly apparent that there was also a sizable market for a smaller aircraft; some operators did not have enough traffic to justify the relatively large A300, others wanted more frequency or lower aircraft-mile costs at the expense of higher seat-mile cost, (specifically Swissair and Lufthansa).[3]
Airbus reduced the Research & Development costs of a smaller A300 to a minimum, studying several early projects called A300B10MC (Minimum Change). Capacity was reduced to 220 passengers, which was then a desired capacity from many airlines. However, this would result in a small fuselage mated to a comparatively large wing and oversized undercarriage, which would make the aircraft burn unnecessarily more fuel as it carries more weight.
Another problem was the rate of inflation, which in the UK, during 1979–1980, was 35%. This would significantly raise the development costs, and thus the cost of the final product.[4] During the A300's development, Hawker Siddeley Aviation was the subcontractor for the aircraft's wing, after the British government withdrew from the newly formed venture in 1969. HSA subsequently merged with three other companies in 1977 to form British Aerospace (BAe), and by then, the British government had indicated its intentions to rejoin the programme. However, British Airways (BA) and Rolls-Royce did not relinquish their will to collaborate with the Americans, and, in BA's case, buy US aircraft. BA wanted to buy 7N7 and 7X7, which would develop into the Boeing 757 and Boeing 767, with the latter an intended rival to the upcoming A310, as well as the Boeing 747. The French government started talks in May 1976, saying that an order from BA was a condition for re-admission of the UK into Airbus Industrie as a full partner. As this went on, BAe held talks with Boeing and McDonnell Douglas to see if it (BAe) could participate in future programmes, although the company's chairman, Lord Beswick, publicly stated that the aim was really to collaborate in Europe.[5] At the 1978 Farnborough Air Show, Eric Varley, the British Secretary of State for Industry, announced that BAe wished to rejoin the Airbus Industrie as a full partner from 1 January 1979. This would mean BAe would be allocated 20% shareholding and would play "a full part in the development and manufacturing of the A310".[6]
From late 1977, before the Varley announcement BAe started work on the new wing at Hatfield. Simultaneously, Aérospatiale, MBB (Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm) and VFW-Fokker held their individual studies into the new wing.[citation needed]
At the April 1978 Hanover Air Show, Airbus exhibited a model A310. Its wing area, at 219.25 m2 (2,360.0 sq ft) was slightly larger than that studied, at 209 square metres (2,250 sq ft); its passenger cabin was 12 frames shorter than the A300,Note 2 accommodating typical passenger loads of 195 in two-class, or 245 in economy.[6] However, during the next 12 months, almost every aspect was further refined. On 9 June 1978, Swissair and Lufthansa developed a joint specification for the aircraft, and within a month, announced that they would place the launch orders. On 15 March, Swissair became the first airline to place a firm order for the type, announcing that it would acquire 10 with a further 10 under option to replace its McDonnell Douglas DC-9s on its major intra-European routes. Lufthansa quickly placed a $240 million 10-aircraft order. Air France and Iberia shortly followed.[6]
The increasingly strong interest in the aircraft, coupled with the recovery of the industry in the late 1970s, led Airbus to launch the A300B10, now known as the A310, into production on 7 July 1978.[citation needed] On 1 April 1979 Lufthansa raised its commitment to 25 orders and 25 options. Two days later, KLM signed its order for 10 orders and 10 options at ₤238 million.[6][7][8] On 6 July 1979 Air France raised its order from 4 to 35.[citation needed] Other airlines announcing orders for the A310 during 1979 included Martinair, Sabena and Air Afrique.[7][8]
Initially, two versions of the A310 were planned, the regional A310-100 and the transcontinental A310-200. The A310-100 had a range of 2,000 nmi (3,700 km) with 200 passengers, whilst the -200 had a higher MTOW and centre section fuel, and could carry the same load a further 1,000 nmi (1,900 km).[9] Basic engines offered included the General Electric CF6-45B2 and Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7R4. Rolls Royce at one time considered offering an engine for the A310 but dropped the program.
The range of the A310 exceeds that of the A300 series with the exception of the A300-600R, which surpasses that of the A310-200. The A310's greater range has led to the aircraft being used extensively on transatlantic routes. The A300 and A310 introduced the concept of commonality: A300-600 and A310 pilots can cross-qualify for the other aircraft with one day of training.[citation needed]
Sales of the A310 continued and by the time the prototype A310-200 aircraft made its first flight on 3 April 1982, orders and options for 181 aircraft had been placed by 15 airlines worldwide, a somewhat better start than that of the original A300. It was clear that the longer-range series −200 aircraft was the more popular aircraft and Airbus decided in 1979 to stop offering the low gross weight series A310-100 (originally proposed for Lufthansa), none of which were built.[7]
Demand for the aircraft began to slacken and there were no new A310 passenger orders during the late 1990s, due to the introduction of the advanced technology Airbus A330; the last A310 delivery was in June 1998. The A310 (along with the A300) officially ceased production in July 2007, though an order from Iraqi Airways for five A310s remained on the books until July 2008. The remaining freighter sales were to be fulfilled by the new A330-200F derivative.[10]
The A310 was marketed as an introduction to widebody operations for developing airlines. The A310 was replaced in Airbus' lineup by the highly successful A330-200, which shares its fuselage cross-section. Between 1983 and the last aircraft produced in 1998, 255 A310s were delivered.[2]
The A300 and A310 established Airbus as a competitor to Boeing and allowed it to go ahead with the more ambitious A320 and A330/A340 families.[citation needed]
As of July 2013, 87 A310s remained in commercial service. Major operators were Fedex Express with 30 aircraft; Air Transat (9); Pakistan International Airlines (7); Mahan Air (6); and SATA International with 4 aircraft. Kuwait Airways, Royal Jordanian, ULS Airlines Cargo and Yemenia each operated 3 A310s, while another 13 airlines operated 19 aircraft between them.[11]
The A310 was a development of the A300; the aircraft was initially designated the A300B10. Essentially a shortened A300, the main differences in the two aircraft are:
The aircraft has a two crew "glass" cockpit as standard using CRT displays in place of the more traditional instrumentation, and modern electronic systems. The A310 flight deck was incorporated into the A300-600 enabling a dual type rating to be achieved. The flight deck has provisions for third and fourth crew seats.
The A310 is available in two basic versions, the medium range −200 and the longer range −300. The first version of the aircraft to be developed was the −200 but this was later joined by the −300 which then became the standard production version of the aircraft.
The A310 has been used by the armed forces of the following countries:
By the end of production a total of 255 A310s had been ordered and delivered.
Total | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1986 | 1985 | 1984 | 1983 | |
Deliveries | 255 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 24 | 19 | 18 | 23 | 28 | 21 | 19 | 26 | 29 | 17 |
Data through end of December 1998.[2]
As of January 2014 there have been 11 hull-loss accidents involving A310s with a total of 825 fatalities; and 9 hijackings with a total of five fatalities.[15]
Crew | Two | |||
Length | 46.66 metres (153 ft 1 in) | |||
Height | 15.8 metres (51 ft 10 in) | |||
Wingspan | 43.9 metres (144 ft) | |||
Wing area | 219 square metres (2,360 sq ft) | |||
Wing sweep | 28 ° | |||
Cross section | 5.64 metres (18 ft 6 in) | |||
Capacity | 218 passengers (3-class) 240 passengers (2-class) 280 passengers (1-class) | 33t cargo | 218 passengers (3-class) 240 passengers (2-class) 280 passengers (1-class) | 33t cargo |
MTOW | 141,974 kg (312,342 lb) | 164,000 kg (361,600 lb)* | ||
Empty weight | 80,142 kg (176,312 lb)(80.2 t) | 72,400 kilograms (159,600 lb) | 83,100 kg (183,300 lb) | 73,900 kg (73.9 t) |
Max fuel | 55,200 L (14,600 US gal) | 75,470 L (19,940 US gal) | ||
Cruise speed (M) | 0.80 (850 km/h.) | |||
Max speed (M) | 0.84 (901 km/h.) | |||
Ceiling | 12,500 m (41,000 ft) | |||
Thrust (×2) | 50,000 pounds-force (220 kN) to 53,200 pounds-force (237 kN) | 56,000 pounds-force (250 kN) to 59,000 pounds-force (260 kN) | ||
Engines | PWJT9D-7R4 or CF6-80C2A2 | PW4156A or CF6-80C2A8 | ||
Range (fully loaded) | 6,800 km (3,670 nm) Transcontinental | 5,550 kilometres (3,000 nmi) | 9,600 km (5,200 nm) Trans-atlantic | 7,330 kilometres (3,960 nmi) |
* 157,000 kg is standard for the −300, 164,000 kg is an option.
Source: French DGAC Type Certificate Data Sheet No. 145
Model | Certification Date | Engines |
A310-203 | 11 March 1983 | General Electric CF6-80A3 |
A310-203C | 27 November 1984 | General Electric CF6-80A3 |
A310-204 | 23 April 1986 | General Electric CF6-80C2A2 |
A310-221 | 11 March 1983 | Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7R4D1 |
A310-222 | 22 September 1983 | Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7R4E1 |
A310-304 | 11 March 1986 | General Electric CF6-80C2A2 |
A310-308 | 5 June 1991 | General Electric CF6-80C2A8 or CF6-80C2A2 |
A310-322 | 5 December 1985 | Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7R4E1 |
A310-324 | 27 May 1987 | Pratt & Whitney PW4152 |
A310-325 | 6 March 1992 | Pratt & Whitney PW4156A |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Airbus A310. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BJJ IN STREET FIGHTS BJJ INSTRUCTIONALS FEATURED — 01 May 2013
Great video for people who think ball grabbing will end fights. Even if you are successful, all it does is enrage the person who is a better fighter than you. My mother can attest to this when she was kidnapped and tried grabbing her male attackers balls to escape…he just reached into his truck and grabbed a police flash light and knocked her unconscious. As you see here in the video a very large and very strong man tried to grab the bouncers balls while in an inferior position. He was unsuccessful and like the bouncer said, who was choking him…"They will let go before they pass out".
Vinicius Draculino Magalhaes address this perfectly in this technique video


text:
When my Catholic grandmother watches America's Funniest Home Videos she laughs hardest when a man is hit in the groin and that makes me laugh harder.
tags: irony afv [add]
2007-12-31 11:53:02 / Rating: 593.25 /
This is a single story of a single sentence. If you want more, visit the archives.


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By FireRescue1 Staff
IMPERIAL VALLEY, Calif. — Some southern Calif. fire departments are asking for the public's help in reporting hydrant-related crimes after a rash of vandalism and stealing.
In the last month, at least two dozen fire hydrants have been shut off and have had parts stolen from it, racking up a $50,000 bill in damages, according to Imperial Valley Press.
Officials say that demand for scrap metal may be the motive behind the thefts. Those who have been stealing first shut off portions of the city's water supply, dismantle the hydrants and then take the scrap metal and resell it.
The danger of these types of offenses, authorities say, is that hydrants are rendered unusable and will not be available for firefighters to use in emergencies.
Those convicted of the crimes may face felony conviction and a prison term of three years.


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LinkBack | Thread Tools |
12-27-2012, 01:19 PM | #11 (permalink) |
Knighted Member
Join Date: May 2010
Location: Long Island
Posts: 3,326
The problem with not using anything is that it will get stepped in and end up everywhere.
Carolyn Apache - Shiloh Shepherd 12/15/02 Kiya - Shiloh Shepherd 5/15/04 Lakota - WGSD 1/13/10 |
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12-27-2012, 01:22 PM | #12 (permalink) |
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I think personally that it would be less stressful for a puppy to know that is ok to go on a peepad/paper that to let it think it had an accident, JMO. At least on a temporary basis.
Bear GSD 10/16/11 Elsa GSD 12/23/03 - 11/10/11 |
01-04-2013, 11:59 PM | #14 (permalink) |
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Join Date: Dec 2012
Posts: 44
We are in a similar situation. We are getting our new puppy in a few weeks and as our families live in different cities, we cannot have them to come and take care of the pup during the day.
And I am the same, in this day and age, I am not prepared to give the keys, alarm code and access to our home to perfect stangers, no matter their credentials. Based on this thread, it seems like the pads in the crate will be the best way to go until the dog can hold for several hours, and then removing the pad, hoping that the dog will prefer to hold until we get back from work, as opposed to soiling the crate. Any idea how long this should take?
_________________________________________ Kona - Carmspack GSD born November 25, 2012. |
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The newest Forbes Retirement Guide is out, and this time, the report takes a closer look at locations that offer a minimal tax burden and lower cost-of-living (i.e. there aren't any cities in New Jersey, New York, California, or Connecticut on the list).
As the experts sifted through data, these factors – in addition to tax burden/cost of living – were considered in whittling down this list: weather, serious crime, driving conditions, availability of doctors, and opportunities for physical/social activity (volunteer work, bicycle/walking paths, etc.).
The following 16 cities, most of which boast populations of around 100,000 or more, made the cut: Albuquerque, NM; Charleston, SC; Charlotte, NC; Colorado Springs, CO; Fargo, ND; Indianapolis, IN; Jacksonville, FL; Kansas City, MO; Lexington, KY; Nashville, TN; Omaha, NE; Pittsburgh, PA; Portland, OR; Salt Lake City, UT; San Antonio, TX; and Tuscon, AZ.
Retirement living is changing every day. Some retirees are choosing to relocate overseas, others are leaving their empty nest in the suburbs and heading to metropolitan areas, and many are downsizing to a smaller living space, albeit a condo, cottage, or luxury apartment. Residence in an active adult community is another popular retirement living choice on today's market.
To search for retirement living options in community settings, start here at Seniors for Living.
- Michelle Seitzer


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How Does it Work?
Your colon can be kept clean and healthy by using a sea salt cleanse to flush your system. The best thing about it is that everything in your GI tract is cleaned by it starting from your mouth and ending at your bottom.
That's why a salt water flush should be preferred to colonics or enemas. While these are also not bad cleansing methods, the sea salt flush also rids you of any other problems that might be ailing you.
Only your body waste is removed using enemas or colonics while this flush does that in addition to removing gas from your small intestine. The pH levels of your complete gastrointestinal tract will also be evened out by this method.
The number of pathogens, viruses, fungi and bad bacteria is reduced by having a healthy pH level in your GI tract. This will aid in your digestion too.
You will also be relieved of bloating, cramping, excessive burping, digestive irritation and gas. All these symptoms will run away by doing a sea salt flush regularly. Doing it is very easy, takes no time and is also very cheap.
The sea salt flush routine
You just take the salt solution and drink it in the morning after waking up. The reason behind choosing morning is that empty stomach serves the purpose well. It requires a large water container and a big tea spoon of high quality sea salt.
The specific gravity of this solution is the same as your blood so it is not absorbed into your blood because it is not processed by kidneys. It moves smoothly through your complete digestive tract and takes all the garbage along with itself to the very end.
This job can be efficiently done only by real sea salts so you must be careful while buying and aware of cheap varieties that are not real.
You should make sure you are using real and high quality sea salt which is not processed. I use Himalayan crystal salt. These high quality real sea salts can bought from health stores and online as well. Keeping both quality and price in mind, it is recommended to buy these from Spice Lab. Another advantage of this company is that they don't take much time shipping the product to your front door.
Regular salt should never be used for such a flush!
Using regular table salt will just act as a poison. You just get sodium chloride in that after all the minerals have been taken out during its processing and chemical treatment. That's not healthy for you. This can prove to be toxic and bad for your health.
Let us keep watching the 10 day video series.


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It has been months since I have updated this and I currently have several unpublished post that are 50-75% done but am too bored to finish.
Soon enough I will be back to rant on about random things.
See ya soon.
Why is there an Indian? |
Running is a lonely sport. |
From my own personal log |
Come on man, if both Bush Senior and Bush Jr can get into office, surely Zombies can be real. |
"When I was 5 years old, my mom told me that happiness was the key to life.
When I went to school, they asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. I
wrote down "happy". They told me I didn't understand the assignment. I told
them they didn't understand life." – John Lennon
Maybe at least one person will understand this picture. |
Working useless job |
But look at all this green paper I own! |
Mostly true |
.............I'll never be as cool as Dr. T (Mr. T) or Dr. House.......... |
Best director known to man, sorry Nolan you aren't that good yet. |
Who cares if this dude died of eating a random toxic plant, he looks pretty happy to me. |
Fedora and all |


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Town transforms into Emerald City to support high school musical
The show will run for two weekends - Feb. 15-17 and 22-23, but Robbie Grady, executive director of the Main Street program, said there is plenty of fun to be had in Goffstown in the weeks leading up to the shows.
"Who doesn't have fond memories of the Wizard of Oz?" Grady said. "It's a great story, and we're happy to be a part of it."
Grady said that after the excitement of the fall Pumpkin Regatta and Friday Night Under the Lights holiday event, seeing the Town Hall, Rotary Park and the Common lit in green just might help pull residents out of the winter blues.
Characters from the production will be at Open Mic Night at Apotheca on Friday evening, and at Sawyer's Main Street Breakfast from 9 to 10:30 a.m. Saturday.
The following weekend characters will be at the Two Friends Café in Pinardville and the Bagg Lunch during the lunch hour.
"We're happy that our friends in Pinardville are getting involved as well," Grady said.
The Goffstown Library will host themed story times and a wand-building craft, and residents can meet Dennis Anfuso, author of "The Winged Monkeys of Oz."
Family events include a costume party at the YMCA Allard Center and ruby slipper and bluebird house making at ACE Hardware.
Grady said many area businesses will feature Emerald City displays.Various businesses will offer promotions in the next several weeks, including the YMCA, Powden's Jewelry, Amala Wellness Center and Slawsby Insurance.
Grady is hoping residents will make nominations for a special contest as well.
"We're looking for people in the area who have shown great brains, great hearts and great courage," she said. "We think there are so many great people in Goffstown, and it will be nice to have them recognized."
Nominations can be made through the Goffstown Library website, and winners will be announced at the final Wizard of Oz performance.
Selectman Scott Gross said the events are a way to unite different parts of the community.
"I think supporting youth theater is a good thing all the time," he said, "but it's especially good for the schools when the town and the business community come together this way."
Gross said many areas of town began to collaborate during the town's 250th anniversary celebration, and that events uniting various groups build community spirit.
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Jeneral Jackson Griner (b. November 04, 1889, d. January 18, 1996)
Jeneral Jackson Griner
(son of
Henry Jackson Griner
Amey Howell
) was born November 04, 1889 in Mitchell County, Georgia, near Phelem, and died January 18, 1996 in Niceville, Florida buried in Crowder Chapel Cem. He married
Leah Williams
on January 18, 1914 in Leah's home in Sand Valley, Florida, daughter of
George Washington Williams
Louisa Frances Turner
Notes for
Jeneral Jackson Griner
narrated by Jeneral Griner to grandson Glenn Rickey Griner who prepared the written version; ~1989)
Jeneral Jackson Griner is the senior living member of the Griner family. He is a man with a gentle spirit having a deep rooted belief in Christianity, believing in the unity of the family and faith in God. He has regularly attended church throughout his life and has instilled values in his children that today are being passed on from one generation to the next. God has blessed Jeneral with long life as now he is 100 years of age. His life is evidence of the divine truth proclaimed in Proverbs 3:1,2 "My son, forget not my law, but let thine heart keep my commandments; For length of days, and long life and peace, shall they add to thee." Jeneral has indeed studied God's word and surely God has seen his faithfulness. Proverbs 4:10 "Hear, O my son, and receive my sayings, and the years of thy life shall be many."
Jeneral has lived a simple yet fulfilled life. He has worked hard, raised a large family, and has lived to see fifth generation children. He has the respect of all who know him and is an example for all to follow. This biography traces the life of Jeneral Jackson Griner and provides some facts for future family reference.
Jeneral was born on 4 Nov 1889 in Mitchell County, Ga near a little town called Phelem. He was born to Henry Jackson and Amy (Howell)Griner. Jeneral's grandfather was John Griner who died in the service during the Civil War, apparently of natural causes, before his son Henry was born. Jeneral's father Henry and his brother Kernal, as we shall see, were to play the vital role that led to his life at Pond Creek. We now turn our attention to Henry Jackson Griner and the events that led he and his family from Moultrie, Ga to Pond Creek community where Jeneral now lives.
Other than his family, the land at Pond Creek has been the single most important thing in Jeneral's life. Not only to Jeneral's descendents, but to all descendents of Henry and Amy, the land symbolizes the source of our heritage; representative of our roots. Jeneral and the land provides a strong bond that has kept the Griner family unified. Our beginnings are at Pond Creek and our love for the land will not be diminished as time runs its course. The land has meaning. In Margaret Mitchell's book "Gone With the Wind," Scarlett O'Hara's father acknowledges that he plans to pass on the plantation "Tara" to her but at 16 she was more interested in a future husband than the land. Gerald O'hara being Irish outbursts in a roar "Do you stand there, Scarlett O'Hara, and tell me that Tara--that land-- doesn't amount to anything? Land is the only thing in the world that amounts to anything, tis the only thing in the world that lasts, and don't you be forgetting it! Tis the only thing worth working for, worth fighting for--worth dying for�.
Living off the land at Pond Creek was difficult as Jeneral's life testifies. It is typical northwest Florida sand land with little nutrients capable of providing a livelihood from farming. It is a land of scrub oaks and pine trees which grow rapidly. Each 10 to 15 years a new crop of pine trees are grown and sold to Lumber mills for lumber and/or pulpwood. Living on this land by farming with no other source of income would not support a family. Jeneral raised a large family. Farming had to be supplemented by whatever jobs could be found. Among the many jobs that Jeneral had during his life were: turpentining, logging, school bus driving, and other miscellaneous jobs. The land at Pond Creek provides no source of revenue to any of the Griner family yet it has great meaning. It provides all with a beginning; a sense of security; the feeling of belonging no matter what trials and tribulations life may bring. Pond Creek has a special place in our hearts. We continue to find peace and contentment, solace, comfort, and a rekindling of our spirits by brief visits there.
After Kernal's death, Amy was determined to have the land. She was never to legally realize Kernal's dream during her lifetime. Henry bargained with W. J. Davis for the 40 acres of land surrounding the "pretty little knoll" and signed a contract for payment. Henry agreed to pay $5.00 per acre for twenty acres and $3.00 per acre for the remaining twenty. The difference in price was because the first twenty acres had a good stand of pine trees. That brought the total price to $100.00 for the first 20 acres and $60.00 for the second 20 acres for a total of $160.00. The contract required that equal payments be made of $80.00 at the end of the first and second years. Henry and Jeneral built a house there in the latter part of 1912 and Henry and Amy lived there until their deaths in 1935 and 1936.
Times were hard in 1912 and 1913. Henry was ready to move to a new place to live so he didn't pursue the debt. But Jeneral persisted, saved his money and paid only $50.00 of the required $80.00 the first year. At the end of the second year, Jeneral saved $85.00 more and had arranged with Campbell's First National Bank of Defuniak Springs to borrow an additional $25.00 to pay off the balance of what was owed for the land. When Jeneral went to pay off the contract at the end of the second year, J. W. Davis told him that he had broken the contract because he didn't pay the full amount of $80.00 at the end of the first year. In the meantime, Davis had already sold the land to Britton and Rose who started Britton Lumber company. Jeneral went to Britton and Rose and asked for his deed but he was told that Davis had legally sold them the land and had transferred the deed to them. The last time Jeneral saw W.J. Davis he recalls telling him "I hope you live to be as poor a man as I." W.J. Davis unethically sold the land out from under Jeneral. Gal 6;7 ... whatever a man soweth, that shall he also reap." W.J. Davis died a poor man!
Jeneral and his family lived on the land without owning it (squatters) from 1913 to 1938 (25 years) before he would become legal owner of the land. During these years, Jeneral was employed for Britton Lumber company and was allowed to live on the land rent free. In 1938 Briton decided to sell the land and asked Jeneral to buy it. Jeneral agreed to buy three 40 acre parcels at $4.5 per acre. Tom and Maggie Griner had moved into Henry's house after his death in 1937. Jeneral asked Tom to buy Henry's original 40 acre parcel but Tom refused. Britton indicated that Claude Hinote was trying to buy Henry's forty acre parcel. Therefore, Jeneral had no choice but to buy the original 40 acre plot in addition to his 120. Thus, Jeneral bought 160 acres of land from Britton Lumber company for $4.50 per acre ($720.00) and paid for the land at $50.00 per year until the debt was complete. This time the deed was secured and ownership of the land legally passed to Jeneral.
More About
Jeneral Jackson Griner
Leah Williams
Marriage: January 18, 1914, Leah's home in Sand Valley, Florida.
Children of
Jeneral Jackson Griner
Leah Williams
Alonzo Allen Griner
, b. October 17, 1914, Mossy Head, Florida, d. February 05, 2005, Niceville, Florida.
Floyd Jackson Griner
, b. October 02, 1916, At Farm in Walton County, Florida, d. June 13, 1996, Defuniak Springs, Florida - buried in Magnolia Cemetary.
Esmond Franklin Griner
Selma Lois Griner
Eugene Napolian Griner
Iva Lou Griner
Corene Griner
, b. December 01, 1926, d. February 12, 1935, At Farm in Walton County, Florida - buried in Crowder Cementry.
Jeneral Bryant Griner
, b. January 27, 1929, at Farm in Walton County, Florida, d. July 2000, Tampa, Florda.
Wera Uckle (Cleo) Griner
Aaron Beal Griner
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SWE Scholarships support women pursuing ABET-accredited baccalaureate or graduate programs in preparation for careers in engineering, engineering technology and computer science in the United States and Mexico. In 2014, SWE disbursed over 230 new and renewed scholarships valued at more than $700,000.
Applicants complete one application and are considered for all scholarships for which they are eligible. See eligibility requirements, below, under "Of Interest."


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MTSU offers Raider Funds Debit Plans. Raider Funds is a debit plan associated with your BlueID account. Money can be deposited to this account online via a credit card or in person at the cashier windows.
Raider Funds can be used all over campus to pay for food, goods and services. Raiders Funds are safer to use than cash as they cannot be lost, they can only be spent at specific locations and for specific items and have online transaction history and balance checking.
If your BlueID card becomes lost you can deactivate it online, and your money is completely safe until you get a replacement card or find the lost card. And because your BlueID contains your photo, it is very hard for unauthorized persons to use your card.
Make Online Deposit to RaiderFunds


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Hey everyone, my first post here. Found it on a Google search trying to compare the Taurus 740 and the Kahr CW40.
I currently have a USP-C .40 v1 which I absolutely love! But for summer time concealed carry its rather bulky. I had originally started to look into a weapon chambered in .380 but I also recently started reloading. As many of you are aware, getting the right equipment to convert your press can be rather costly.
I am looking for a single stack .40 S&W pistol thats lefty friendly-ish. As long as I can get to the safety easily it shouldn't be an issue since if I can't hit what I'm aiming at with 6-7 rounds, I should not be carrying.
I have started looking at guns like Kahr CW40, Taurus 740, and used (since its not made anymore AFAIK) Sig P239 .40. Am I forgetting anything? I don't have a problem hitting all the gun shows and trying to buy used if its a good weapon and not made anymore.
The last criteria is price. I know there are lots of good carry-size 1911s out there, but when you start getting into the $1000 range, I can easily buy a .380 or even a 9mm with a bunch of ammo and all the reloading equipment required. So I'm really trying to stick around the price point of the Kahr. My only complaint with the CW40 is the long trigger pull and absence of external safety.


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The Institute for Zionist Strategies, rooted in a National Liberal orientation, seeks to strengthen Israel as the nation state of the Jewish People by contributing to its historic development as a Jewish and democratic state.
A research team from the Golden Mean project of the IZS is currently researching the Israeli mikveh to prepare a comprehensive study. An article recently published in the Deot journal by Golden Mean members Michal Achrak-Wein and Ayelet Seeman discusses the research's initial findings and points to the many problems facing the network of mikvehs.
The database the Ministry of Religious Services presents to the public is not up-to-date nor is it detailed. In many locations, the price of using the mikveh is determined arbitrarily and exceeds the standard set by the Ministry. In some Religious Councils the mikveh department is run inefficiently. Many mikvehs operate without business licenses and the health conditions in the mikvehs are not always acceptable. The review shows the very real need to rethink the structure of the mikvehs in Israel.
For the full article (in Hebrew)
One of the most obvious manifestations of being Israeli is army service. Another factor positioning a person within Israeli society, is his religious affiliation. This presents a dilemma for the many people currently serving in the armed forces who are categorised as being without religion or questionably Jewish, and this dilemma is particularly poignant during times of bereavement, when the army must decide whether to bury both Jews and non-Jews, side-by-side (considered by most to be against the dictates of Halacha).
The purpose of this position paper is to determine the most appropriate approach to the burial of these members of Israeli society in order to maintain a balance among the needs of the different sectors which serve in the armed forces.
Read more
Against the background of the Israeli public's intense debate about African migrants and refugees over the past decade, their sojourn here, and the obligation of the State toward them, the Institute has published a new position paper by Nir Amran, which deals with the legal status of African migrants in Israel. The position paper summarizes the status of infiltrators according to international law and as implemented by the Israeli law, and illustrated the complexity of this issue. The paper presents possible courses of action based on the international and Israeli law, which reflect Israel's wish to achieve a solution that is both humane and consistent with keeping the Jewish character and social resilience of the state


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The Federal Communications Commission may review cell phone radiation standards for the first time in 15 years.
There''s still no evidence cell phones cause cancer or other health problems, a health agency in the United Kingdom says.
Warren Buffett, 81, was recently diagnosed with prostate cancer after a screening test that federal guidelines discourage in men his age.
The Food and Drug Administration reports that another counterfeit batch of the cancer drug Avastin has been imported into the United States. Packaged as Altuzan, the medicine''s name in Turkey, the fake chemotheraphy does not contain the active ingredient of Avastin, made by Roche.


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Florida law enforcement officials investigating former Republican Rep. Mark Foley, whose e-mails and instant messages to teenage former congressional pages shocked the country, are hoping Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi will grant them access to Foley's House computers. "We are respectfully requesting access to any and all computer equipment that the U.S. Government possesses that former Representative Foley utilized during his time in office," Florida Department of Law Enforcement Commissioner Gerald Bailey wrote to the speaker last month. A spokesman for Pelosi told ABC News her office "is in the process of preparing a response to Commissioner Bailey's request," after receiving the letter only last week due to security precautions taken with her mail. THE BLOTTER RECOMMENDS Photos Foley Racing Into Trouble? Discretion Advised Read the Instant Messages That Forced Foley to Resign Full Blotter Coverage Mark Foley Internet Scandal Do you have a tip for Brian Ross and the Investigative Team? Click Here for Full Blotter Coverage. Spokesman Brendan Daly also said the office wants to cooperate with Florida investigators and will consult with House lawyers. But back in August, lawyers for the U.S. House of Representatives, citing constitutional exemptions, denied Florida law enforcement officials access to the former congressman's computers. Investigators believe Foley may have used the machines to send illegal sexually explicit messages to former congressional pages. "Access to these computers is critical to the Department's ability to move this case forward," Bailey said this week. Federal officials turned the case over to Florida after concluding that Foley did not engage in any actual sexual contact until the former pages had turned 18, and had therefore not violated federal law. Washington, D.C. law defines the age of consent as 16. Under Florida law, it is a third-degree felony both to use the Internet "to seduce, solicit, lure or entice" a minor "to commit any illegal act…relating to lewdness and indecent exposure" and to transmit any "information or data that is harmful to minors…via electronic mail," which includes instant messages. Foley resigned Sept. 29, 2006, hours after ABC News questioned him about sexually explicit messages with former congressional pages, some of whom were under the age of 18 at the time of the exchanges. Calls to Foley's attorney were not immediately returned. Click Here for Full Blotter Coverage.
Foley Investigators Want Pelosi's Help
Jan 9, 2008 8:36am
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Demonstrates how to use the Apple iBooks Author application to create and publish your own iBook, without extensive design or publishing experience.
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If you have always wanted the Ed Hardy rocker chic look, here is your chance! Right now, Modnique has Ed Hardy dresses on sale for 82% off. (Modnique is a one-day-deal site discussed here.) When you register on their site, you will automatically receive $5.00 in credit. Plus, from now until November 30th, use coupon code STAR to receive another $10.00 off your order. Apply both of these discounts to the hot dress pictured above, which retails for $223, and YOU can be rocker chic for ONLY $24!
To take advantage of this deal:
- Click here.
- Register with a valid email address.
- Click on "All Sales Events"
- Scroll down and shop "Ed Hardy".
- At checkout, enter promo code STAR.
- At checkout, enter $5.00 in credits box.
- Enjoy!


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Fall 2011 London Fashion Week: Topshop Unique
Topshop Unique Fall 2011
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ACCC: third-party's error no defence
PUBLISHED: 05 Jul 2012 11:32:00 | UPDATED: 06 Jul 2012 03:07:42PUBLISHED: 06 Jul 2012 PRINT EDITION: 06 Jul 2012Updated | The ACCC has claimed its first scalp in its crackdown on false and misleading claims about the impact of the carbon tax, after a solar company relied on figures provided by two major industry groups.
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- e4fcf986-c63f-11e1-af58-485aa4ba48f9_media - news release - NR 135 12 - July 2012 - ACCC accepts informal undertaking for alleged misleading carbon price claims.pdf
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People | Greg Combet, David Bradbury, Julia Gillard |
Topics | Economy /Taxation , Courts & Legal, Politics /Federal Politics , Environment |


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Featured Article
Connecticut's environmental agency has taken another step towards renewing a permit for the Millstone Nuclear Power plant.
Millstone Nuclear Power Plant in Waterford is operating with a water discharge permit that dates back about 12 years and that has been extended on an emergency basis. Several environmental groups have objected to the permit and have intervened. One of their biggest concerns is the amount of water withdrawn from Niantic Bay to cool the generators . Roger Reynolds of the Connecticut Fund for the Environment says Millstone withdraws and then discharges more than 2 billion gallons of water a day in and out of the Sound.
"When they withdraw that water the very rich marine life that's in Long Island Sound, gets withdrawn too and all the marine life that's gets killed and then what's discharged is really a dead heated effluent. There are now cooling systems available and these are required in all new plants, that recycle the water.
Reynolds says by recycling water the plant could cut the amount withdrawn from the Sound by as much as 95% . Under the proposed agreement reached by the DEP, The Connecticut Fund for the Environment, Soundkeeper and Dominion Nuclear Connecticut Millstone would be allowed to continue to withdraw water . But it would also be required, by 2012, to determine the best new technologies to minimize environmental impacts. Now a DEP Deputy Commissioner will decide whether to issue the permit under the negotiated conditions. Other groups, including the Connecticut Coalition Against Millstone did not sign onto this agreement.
For WNPR, I'm Nancy Cohen.


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If saying something stupid and regretful, at some point in your life, is now the standard by which we decide to fire someone from their job and ruin their life, then, most people, of every color, would be unemployeed.
How did 24,000 different tax refunds of $46 million go to unauthorized aliens at one Atlanta address? Nice work, IRS.
As far as I'm concerned, my cable company can cancel Food Network.
This is a wonderful part of the country. Don't let the chuckleheads define us.
The classic Southern diet was designed for folks working in the fields in our heat. Under other conditions, it's lethal.
Butter, sugar and salt are the Holy Trinity of Southern dining.
Thank goodness for the weekend. My stock investments don't officially go down until Monday.
Looks like lots of you are using the app the let's your smartphone drive your car.
The American system is dependent on compromise. Without it the whole system collapses.
This day has been coming for 5 years but Gwinnett County School systems failed to plan ahead and budget. Gwinnett you can do better!
Honk if you're texting.
Belgium, Norway and Switzerland all spend more than the U.S. on elementary and secondary education no matter what corporate news tells you.
Move over Aaron Hernandez, here comes Tim Tebow
Zombies, vampires, werewolves, aliens? Oh my goodness what a dangerous world in which to live.
Let's not elect any more men.They've had control for the last couple of thousand years and it hasn't worked out so well for most of us.
Hard to get over George Bush when he caused so much damage to this country.


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Ingredients & Description
Not only have artichokes been a longtime part of a wholesome Mediterranean diet, but their uses for digestive support and liver health have been documented since the time of the Roman Empire in the 4th century B.C.. Recently, scientists began documenting the scientific benefits derived from artichokes. Researchers discovered that compounds such as cynarin and chlorogenic acids extracted from artichokes effectively stimulated bile production, which helps to stimulate healthy digestion, relieve occasional indigestion, increase fat metabolism, support liver health, improve gallbladder function and promote cholesterol wellness.Planetary Formulas, introduces Artichoke Extract for digestive comfort and liver support. Artichoke Extract is standardized to 5% cynarin and 15% chlorogenic acids for assured consistency and potency of these important compounds. Beneficial Compounds in Artichokes Traditionally, artichoke globes and their leaf extracts have been used to promote digestive health. But it is the leaves that contain the highest concentration of beneficial antioxidant polyphenolic compounds such as cynarin, luteolin and chlorogenic acids. Cynarin is what gives artichokes their pleasant bitter taste and was originally believed to be the only active component of Artichoke Extracts. However, researchers have discovered that the dried extract of the complete leaf is more potent than extracts containing just cynarin.
Planetary Formulas Artichoke Extract contains 500 mg of Artichoke Extract, standardized to 5% cynarin and 15% chlorogenic acids, to insure consistency and maximum potency.
Digestive Health, Gallbladder Support, Fat Digestion and Fat Metabolism
Suggested use: 1 tablet daily with a meal.
Supplement Facts for 500 mg TabletServing Size: 1 Tablet Amount % DVCalcium 51 mg 4% Artichoke Leaf & Root Extract (standardized to 5% cynarin & 15% chlorogenic acids)500 mg
Other Ingredients: dibasic calcium phosphate, stearic acid, modified cellulose gum, colloidal silicon dioxide.Warning: Do not take this product if you have gallstones or a bile duct obstruction, or if you are allergic to ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds or daisies.If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your health care professional before using this product.STORE IN A COOL, DRY PLACE.Keep out of reach of children.Suggested Use: 1 tablet daily with a meal.
Planetary Herbals offers the best of classic herbal traditions, from Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese herbalism to the experience of Western herbal practitioners. Utilizing the knowledge of more than 30 years clinical experience, professional herbalists such as Michael Tierra, Lesley Tierra, Jill Stansbury, and Alan Tillotson, Planetary Herbals is committed to ensuring that our time-tested herbal traditions continue to evolve, grow, and flourish.


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What's New
Minor bug fixes and stability improvements.App Description
Dice mania is now a full-blown epidemic! Find out for yourself why everyone's getting hooked on this addictive dice game I built.  Similar to Hasbro, Inc.'s YAHTZEE® dice game, you can play with friends, family, or random opponents--whether they're sitting next to you or thousands of miles away!*Dice With Buddies™ Ranked One of the Top 5 Overall Apps in America!*
===User Reviews===
"I love this game. I've had over 20 friends download this game and everyone of them has thanked me for it." - Babysdaddy8
"I used to be addicted to Words with Friends but this is a way better social game app." - Joe Young
"Addicting and fun, my whole family enjoys this game!!" - Wynneeabbee
"Fun, simple game that helps pass the time when I'm at work. Shh..." - Ralph13
===Key Highlights===
• Exhilarating multiplayer dice game similar to Hasbro, Inc.'s YAHTZEE® dice game
• Turn-based play so you can keep multiple games going at the same time
• Challenge friends and family through SMS or Facebook, or find a random opponent
• Use in-game chat to chat with and heckle your opponents
• Optional "push" notifications so you know when it's your turn
• Activate a bonus roll to get that extra boost just when you need it
• Play from the same account on any iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch
Please don't hesitate to contact me at email@example.com with questions, concerns, suggestions!
Occasionally we will send you emails when your buddies are waiting for you to play a turn or if we have special announcements for our fans!
App Changes
February 19, 2014 New version 3.2.3
February 11, 2014 New version 3.2.2
January 27, 2014 New version 3.2.1
November 26, 2013 New version 3.1.1
November 20, 2013 New version 3.1
October 24, 2013 New version 2.6.3
May 06, 2011 Initial Release


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The initial shock of the arrests in this case, which made international news in late July, centered on the incongruity of Hasidic Ecstasy smugglers. But as culturally quirky as this alleged smuggling ring might seem, it does somewhat fit an established profile for international MDMA trafficking. In its June 1999 Drug Intelligence brief about Ecstasy, the DEA stated that Israeli organized-crime syndicates (some composed of Russian-Jewish immigrants to Israel who maintain ties to Russian mobsters) are the "primary" source of Ecstasy for distributors in the United States.
But while the DEA is thinking globally, Miami Beach club kids are tripping locally. Laying aside the distinguishing garb of the alleged couriers, the sheer number of pills involved in this case speaks volumes about Miami's appetite for the most famous of all designer drugs, the drug that's driving some of the hottest music trends and dance clubs -- and most heated drug-enforcement debates -- on that sinful stretch of Miami Beach known as Washington Avenue.
Four forty-five a.m. Sunday on Washington Avenue. The regular clubs are closing down, the after-hours clubs are starting up, and too many of the thronging revelers are fucked up on the wrong kinds of drugs. A shaven-head twentysomething in a Fubu tank top shoulders his way through a cluster of silk-shirt-and-blue-jeans clad men waiting to get into Twist. "Excuse me," says one of those getting shouldered, with a tinge of attitude. "Excuse you is right," says the offender, clearly spoiling for an early morning gay-bash. His two friends shoo him along without incident. It wouldn't have been worth it anyway, it seems. "Hitting a faggot is like hitting a woman, knowhatimsayin'?" he expounds. "They start cryin' and shit."
Now there's a guy who could use some Ecstasy, the feel-good drug of the Nineties. Where could he score some? According to Miami Beach police, just about anywhere. Like from the guy with the impish grin and dyed-blond flattop waiting in line to get into The Mix. "You need rollers?" he asks, in a friendly tone. Or maybe it was a statement: If you're up this late, and you're not already rolling, then you need rollers.
His offer is politely declined; he departs with a retro "soul-brother" handshake. No more business to be done here. He's clearly taken a gander at the 30 or so individuals waiting to get into the Beach's most notorious after-hours club, and seen that the clientele is already rolling big-time. Every third patron is sucking on a Charm's Blow Pop; one diminutive girl, appropriate to her stature, has brought a pacifier, while a couple of bug-eyed gringos are chewing ferociously on plastic straws. Anything to offset that dry-mouth feeling that comes from the dehydration effect of Ecstasy; several of those in line are draining bottles of Zephyrhills. What's that smell? Ah, it's the wiry youth with the goatee and the Atlanta Falcons floppy hat smearing Vicks VapoRub all over his face. Who doesn't love the smell of menthol in the morning? (Kids on X use the strong-smelling stuff to cool off because the drug raises their body temperature.)
After a 40-minute wait in debilitating heat, the velvet rope parts. You plunk down a $15 cover charge, endure a turn-out-your-pockets- and-thorough-pat-down search, and then you can roll right into The Mix, with it's thump-and-wail trance soundtrack courtesy of DJ David Padilla, $4 bottled water ($2 for a cup of ice water -- hey, these kids ain't drinkin' booze, and these clubs ain't there for charity) and grinning, sweating clubsters brandishing glow sticks.
If Miami is the Ecstasy mecca of the globe, then The Mix is its holiest shrine.
MDMA, an acronym for 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, has been around in one form or another since 1912, when a German company first synthesized it, possibly for use as an appetite suppressant. Decades later its euphoric effects, including the feelings of empathy, touchy-feelyness, and all-around good vibes, gave it some currency among psychiatrists, who explored its application as a therapeutic drug in the late Seventies and early Eighties. As with so many other substances in our anything-for-a-buzz culture, the stuff found its way into the illicit market, and as recreational use of this designer drug began to escalate, the state stepped in.
"July 1, 1985," says Jim Hall, executive director of the Miami Coalition for a Safe and Drug-Free Community. "I remember the day exactly. That's when the DEA scheduled MDMA as a designer drug." Beginning on that day, Ecstasy was a Schedule 1 drug in the United States, meaning the federal penalties for its use and possession were just as stiff as they were for cocaine, PCP, and heroin.
But even as early as the mid-Eighties, the European subculture that had grown up around X, especially in the pot-permissive Netherlands, was unique. "The emergence of warehouse parties in Amsterdam was really centered around Ecstasy," Hall says. "It was [marketed] like, 'Here is the return of acid, but without LSD.' Ecstasy gives self-introspection like LSD, but it's technically a stimulant, not a hallucinogen. It's not a stimulant like cocaine or amphetamines, where you get this physical, nervous, agitated energy, like too much coffee for some of us," he adds, with a chuckle. "It's more of a mental alertness, an awakeness, but there's no distortion of reality." With the warehouse parties, Hall says, the early-morning hours accommodate the stimulant effect, and the booming music and photonic light shows stand in for the aural and visual hallucinations acid would have provided.


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Kurt Rosenwinkel
Just as Michael Brecker was embraced as a guru of contemporary tenor saxophone by players of recent generations, 43-year-old Kurt Rosenwinkel has had his every solo pored over by aspiring guitarists. Taking leave from such towering role models as Wes Montgomery and George Benson, Rosenwinkel has coined a highly individual harmonic approach with his shifting chords and special scales while advancing a rhythmic concept that is capable of complexity and surprise.
Following such mellow masterpieces as Reflections by his Standards Trio, Rosenwinkel could have continued in the vein of that 2009 album. Instead, he has shifted gears with the sometimes startling double album, Star of Jupiter, a fusion-informed collection of lyrical, bop-centered originals with transcendent aims. He'll likely perform tracks from the album today in the stellar company of his longtime pianist Aaron Parks, bassist Eric Revis and drummer Colin Stranahan.


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The Catholic author has taught theology and forms of prayer for years. He wants to help strugglers who approach prayer as a barred door that they must overcome to get answers, thereby sometimes developing wrong attitudes about God (p. 1). He has sections on such topics as Prayer as Conversation, Prayer and Intimacy, Jesus Prays, Prayer and Faith, Prayer and God's Will, Praying in the Blood of Christ, and Prayer at Work.
Some comments are helpful. Lozano says that Origen took the exhortation to pray without ceasing "as an exhortation to live our whole life and work as an implicit prayer" (pp. 56-57). What he says about meeting God in the rush hour and in ministry, using times of intense activity to be in a spirit of prayer (pp. 58-59) is good. He sees all proper prayer as a response to the Word of God (p. 72). Chapter seven, which deals with mystics, tells experiences of some Catholics in feeling God's presence.
Certain statements are strange and do not communicate well. For example, "a radical interiorization to the point of finding ourselves, beyond ourselves, in the infinite being who creates us" (p. 12). Later Lozano explains this as becoming aware of God's presence (p. 13). It would have been simpler to say this in the first place. Some statements seem unwise or at best need qualifications, e.g. "God is in each person we meet, behind each object we desire, in the depths of every action we perform" (p. 41).
Another puzzler is, "If every neighbor is an image and a son or daughter of God, those who are oppressed, humiliated, wounded, abandoned, hungry, ignorant, subject to constant insecurity, etc., are so in a particular way" (p. 49). Does this agree with Scripture? Again, Lozano writes, "We may not exactly know whether Moses saw a bush that burned without being consumed, because the burning bush may well be a metaphor to indicate religious experience" (p. 50). Where is the contextual indicator that this is a metaphor? Later we read: "No, we don't have to pray expressly for all the needy. Even when we don't invoke God's grace in so many words for those who suffer, we are still interceding for them. All we have to do is stand like beggars before God and look at God with humility, or simply to kneel before the crucified, because praying is always interceding" (p. 52). How can this be true?
On p. 54, the wording seems to make nature itself God. For John of the Cross, "God is the nearby hills, the farthest mountains of the Sierra Nevada, the shady valleys. . . . But God is also the exotic beauty of the distant islands. . . ." This is just a careless use of words, because later Lozano distinguishes God as Creator from His creation (p. 55). Another perplexing statement is, "We pray for those we serve, even when we don't mention them expressly, because we immerse ourselves in God and God enriches us through them" (p. 61).
The author approves the fathers' allegorizing of the Song of Solomon by having the bride represent the Christian in search of the Word, Christ, and marriage with God (pp. 67-68). The writing style often does not stimulate practically, as in Lozano's discussion of his first three degrees of prayer, i.e. reciting formulas learned from others, meditation, and prayer in pouring our affection to God (pp. 73-82).
Some statements have departed from clarity into a dense fog: e.g. if one feels dryness in prayer and cannot meditate or express affections, God is just preparing him for a stage in which He will do the praying. The person will feel invaded by powerful forces from within (pp. 88-89, 101). This is just subjective opinion, and does not offer satisfying help. Many readers will ponder whether to try to figure the chapter out or seek a better book.
Chapter 8 on "The Higher Degrees of Prayer" recommends various techniques. An example is St. Bernard's idea of three degrees (p. 131): kissing Christ's feet (conversion), hands (ascetic progress), and mouth (contemplation). The experiences may help some readers and disturb others. Some of the latter type claimed "visions accompanied by images and . . . conversations with supernatural beings" (p. 142).
Chapter 10 on fullness of love theorizes that prayer can progress to a final degree, a transforming union with God. Gal 2:20 is used for this (p. 161). Is not Gal 2:20 Paul's conversion experience and, in some measure, the experience of every Christian even if he has not experienced the maturity and consistency of life in Christ? Lozano sees God's grace penetrating the believer progressively "until it unites our being with the divine being" (p. 164). Is not every true Christian united with God from the moment of regeneration, with a process of sanctification in God's grace from there on?
The book has its better moments in offering practical help, but is far down the list of books that will help motivate and instruct Christians on effective prayer. It vividly illustrates how little help a work by a non-evangelical can contribute to an evangelical in the realm of practical Christian living.


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View Single Post
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2007
Posts: 10,799
Re: Masonic Shriners Pedophile Pigs
Originally Posted by
Originally Posted by
[i]So slanderous implications are okay now?
What part of "he edited his post" don't you get? You are thick. This site is a joke, you're a joke of a moderator and human being, JBoy is a punk that needs put in his place, and this site needs torn down - not because its a conspiracy website, but because its a cesspool of one sided neurotic and paranoid ideas. Opposition comes in and you ban them for no reason other than you can. BAN ME! I DARE YOU! YOU'LL NEVER GET RID OF ME! I'LL ALWAYS BE AROUND!..
.SOUNDS LIKE A CHILD KICKING AND STOMPING.. Titty Baby..
************************************************** ******
definition of punk: U dont know my age. did n't u know that punk and age are linked ???
a young hoodlum.a young person regarded as un experienced.
Im 58 yrs. old U dont even know the definition of a word i learned in 6 grade. u are a joke to behold..
All the viewers will see this and say, damn, that boy is STUPID !!!
U have never made any logical sense since u have been here, u contribute 0000 to this forum. ..TITTY BABY.
my grammar is bad.. U pure dumb ass, this is not my grammar, its the authors... i can go on and on. u are the dumbest person I have ever met
in my 58 yrs. I ve been around 6 yr.olds smarter than u..
How can someone be a dumb ass for posting...NO LOGIC.. U are in dire need of mental help. I recommend PROZAC to all masons, its a slow death.... get a life even with a BUTT buddy fellow breathen. go find homo love. U defend NOTHING.. Bring something to the table.. Masons are WHORES. If you are a mason, u are a slut and whore...are u??.. Now, get up on that 3 headed freak bitch lover of yours and ride off into the rainbow !!
U are not woman enough to put me my place. Im comfortable... plan on staying that way.
It's time for you to go JBOY and if you cannot leave of your own free will, I will show you the door.
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"Stay 'unreasonable.' If you
don't like the solutions [available to you], come up with your
Dan Webre
The Martialist does not
constitute legal advice. It is for ENTERTAINMENT
Copyright © 2003-2004 Phil Elmore, all rights
Immovable Object, Unstoppable Force
A Video Review by Phil Elmore
Immovable Object, Unstoppable Force (IOUF) is arguably some of Scott Sonnon's best work. By the end of the series, I suspect you will be as impressed as I was with the valuable principles it contains. The subtitle on the cassette boxes reads, "Never be thrown. Throw at will." Those six words comprise the essence of IOUF and are not mere hyperbole.
Production Notes
RMAX produced this tape in 2000, and the difference in Scott's appearance is somewhat startling. Dressed in a camouflage gi and sporting a beard and ponytail, Scott looks like a modern-day pirate. His earnest nature and vast knowledge shine through regardless of wardrobe, but the gis worn by Scott and his training partners Ben Brackbill and Scott Fabel are a point of contention with me. All three of them are constantly straightening the gis after demonstrations -- a natural reflex, but one that tends to be distracting on camera.
The lighting is good, and the tape was recorded in front of a gray background and a contrasting carpet that are perfect for demonstrations of this type. The ROSS banner is a bit distracting in its placement, but its presence is understandable.
There is a persistent audio issue throughout IOUF that deserves comment. Frequently, the remote microphone attached to Scott's clothing produces poor sound when he's grappling with someone or when the fabric of his uniform has bunched up over it. The recurring problem is a minor irritant, not something that cripples the teaching -- but it does illustrate the need for a boom mike in situations like this.
One thing this tape series does contain that is not present on some other RMAX productions is an explanation of ROSS. To quote the text block,
ROSS is the training system of Russian Martial Art researched and formulated by the RETAL (Russian Combat Skill, Consultant Scientific and Practical Training) Center endorsed and approved by the International and All Russian Federation of Russian Martial Art, which is sanctioned and authorized by the National Olympic Committee of Russia as the sole official representative of Russian Martial Art within Russia and Worldwide.
Each tape contains footage of a demonstration of ROSS to Vladimir Putin in 1994. Putin even offers a brief testimonial of his own to ROSS.
Scott opens the series by explaining that he's "teaching you how to fish." Embrace the principles and training strategies contained in IOUF, he says, and you can create techniques based on those strategies. These comprise fundamentals missing in much martial art training today, he asserts. He begins by explaining two important concepts in IOUF: hyperfunction and the triangle point.
The body has its own survival instincts, righting reflexes that work against attempts to use dysfunction to flex joints to create pain or facilitate takedowns. Rather than use dysfunction to work against this righting reflex, Scott advocates using the joint in the manner it is designed to function -- but causing it to move beyond the opponent's point of balance, thus inducing what Scott calls hyperfunction.
Think about it: a typical wrist lock relies on dysfunction, such as jerking the opponent's wrist in a direction it is not meant to go. He will respond automatically to "right" himself and escape that dysfunction. If, instead, you manipulate his wrist in a direction it is meant to go -- but which was not his idea -- he cannot stop you from taking his balance.
(In Arthrokinetics, Scott goes into hyperfunction in more detail, discussing the four anatomical regions of joint manipulation as they relate specifically to appropriate tactical strategies.)
In explaining the triangle point, Scott points out that your feet can be connected by an invisible line. Any line perpendicular to that first line indicates a breach of stance integrity. (Combatives expert Carl Cestari describes using this line perpendicular to the line connecting the enemy's feet to direct your attack for maximum efficacy. It is a sound principle. The centerline is also the most important concept in Wing Chun and it is easy to see how all these arts and systems tie together.)
Extend those perpendicular lines to a point either in front of or behind the line connecting the feet. What you see are two triangle points -- the points to which you can bring your opponent to take him off balance. By causing his body to "overfunction" and driving him towards a triangle point, you may throw him at will. Hyperfunction is thus the way you manipulate the opponent's joints to bring him to that triangle point.
Studying the head and neck and the pivot joint they comprise, Scott goes into more detail about the difference between hyperfunction and dysfunction. When dysfunction is induced, the body moves defensively when a joint is moved beyond its range of motion, counteracting the energies directed against it. Using hyperfunction, by comparison, "loads" the joints to facilitate motion. There's no defense against this because it is simply how the joints are meant to work. You take advantage of your opponent's body mechanics and move him without his consent. In the examples that follow, we see that the body naturally moves to the triangle point, where balance fails.
Moving on to the ball and socket joint that is the shoulder, Scott looks at how to "load" and "unload" the joint. Use this to naturally take the opponent to his triangle point by moving his body in the way it was designed to function, Scott urges. In so doing you "disinhibit" his reflexes and bracing mechanisms -- because there is no dysfunction against which to react.
Continuing his discussion of the shoulder, Scott explains that the fulcrum of your throw is between the two levers of that throw, not at the grab point. This idea transitions nicely into his treatment of force vectors, another key point in IOUF.
Understand the physiology of the human body, Scott says, and you understand that we are highly articulated, three-dimensional creatures. The directions in which our joints are designed to move are limited and specific. When you understand this, you begin to see the opponent's joints as traveling along force vectors -- directions along which you can move them, in the manner for which they were designed, to cause hyperfunction and take the opponent to the triangle point.
Discussing the elbow, Scott's treatment of force vectors begins in earnest. Your body naturally loads and unloads in certain directions, he explains, so apply force along that vector. Don't push against those force vectors. Follow them. Look at the "bony levers" that operate your opponent's body and you will begin to see where he is vulnerable. Numerous examples follow. In them, Scott explains the difference between the spastic reactions induced by dysfunction and the natural descent to the triangle point facilitated by hyperfunction.
The entire treatment of force vectors reminded me yet again of the balance exercise my Shanliang Li teacher and I have practiced that he calls "Indian Wrestling." The drill teaches the importance of learning to yield when pulled or pushed. If you offer resistance, your partner has something against which to push to put you off balance. If instead you learn to give when force is offered, and to push or pull when tension is presented, you will win every time. (I referred to this drill earlier in my Leg Fencing review.)
In order to be able to induce hyperfunction, it is important to expand your own range of motion. Scott demonstrates performing "infinities" with the arms in both directions (drills discussed in more detail in the Fisticuffs series). You're looking to "snake in," Scott explains. You're not seeking to force the opponent's body to move.
In a lengthy segment on the "biomechanics of gripping" (which hints at the content of Volume 2 in the series), Scott explains how to vastly improve your ability to grab. A standard "monkey grip," something each of us does instinctively, involves grabbing on top with the thumb. Don't do this, Scott says. Instead, start with your pinky and grab in on each joint, curling into the grasp. Wrap underneath and you've created a much more secure grip.
Several examples of techniques that can be improved with this gripping technique follow. These include the following helpful tips:
When performing a standard overhook, grab with your pinky from the bottom, bringing your elbow in and down. The opponent can't bring his arm up to get out when you do that.
When controlling the shoulder in an underhook, don't use muscle. Pull your shoulder toward the opponent, forward into your grasp.
The standard response to a wrist grab is to move against the thumb. Don't monkey grip. Instead, grip with the pinky first, wrap flesh, and anchor with your thumb on top.
In a two-hand grab from behind, locking with a finger cup or laced fingers just isn't strong enough. Place the meat of your palms against each other with the thumbs to make a "butterfly" shape. You've brought the force vectors together in a manner that actually gets stronger as the opponent resists.
Going back to arm infinities, Scott explains that a "Japanese Strangle" relies on the flexing of muscles. Screw your muscles together and increase the force vectors for maximum effect.
Scott goes on to explain just how to grab an arm to facilitate using force vectors. As long as your focus is hyperfunction, you can literally grab the opponent anywhere. He explains how to control various points on the torso, controlling and dominating the opponent's centerline. Look at grabbing, Scott repeats, in the context of force vectors -- how to put structure in the way.
Two individuals engaged in single combat are locked in a relationship of force vectors. "At any point, any throw," Scott intones. Your partner depends on you for balance, and you can throw him at will if you understand those force vectors. (This hints at Volume 3, Joint Mass Center.)
Throughout Volume 1 (and the entire IOUF series, for that matter), explanations of techniques are accompanied and followed by demonstrations and drills performed by Scott and his training partners. The last segment in Tape 1, however, is comprised of archival footage of live grappling sessions. This is great to see (even if the public domain music leaves a little bit to be desired).
To be honest, though, Volume 1 (while its explanation of force vectors and proper gripping is fundamental to tapes 2 and 3) only scratches the surface of what makes IOUF truly worthwhile. The first time I viewed it, I came away with a better understanding of physical gripping and a vague idea about how to manipulate the opponent's joints. The concepts had not yet come together for me, though. For me, true understanding would come a little later in the series.
IOUF continues with Volume 2, Quantum Gripping.


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