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The Modal Logic of Discrepancy
- Charles B. Cross
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Discrepancies between an agent's goals and beliefs play an important, if implicit, role in determining what a rational agent is motivated to do. This is most obvious in cases where an agent achieves a complex goal incrementally and must deliberate anew as each milestone is reached. In such cases the concept of goal/belief discrepancy defines an appropriate space to which a degree-of-achievement yardstick can be applied. This paper presents soundness and completeness results concerning a logic for reasoning about goal/belief discrepancy, and it is suggested that a certain species of goal/belief discrepancy captures the concept of desire.
- Collins, J.: Belief, Desire, and Revision, Mind 47(1988), 333–342.
- Gärdenfors, P.: Knowledge in Flux. The MIT Press, Cambridge, 1988.
- Nehamas, A. and Woodruff, P.: Plato's Symposium, translated, with introduction and notes. Hackett, Indianapolis, 1989.
- Stampe, D.: The Authority of Desire, Philosophical Review 46(1987), 335–381.
- Thomason, R. H.: Some Completeness Results for Modal Predicate Calculi, in: Karel Lambert (ed), Philosophical Problems in Logic: Some Recent Developments, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1970, 56–76.
- Title
- The Modal Logic of Discrepancy
- Journal
Journal of Philosophical Logic
Volume 26, Issue 2 , pp 143-168
- Cover Date
- 1997-04-01
- Print ISSN
- 0022-3611
- Online ISSN
- 1573-0433
- Publisher
- Kluwer Academic Publishers
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Authors
- Charles B. Cross (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Philosophy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-1627, U.S.A.


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Dunkin' Donuts is expanding over the next few years, planning to jump from 10,000 to 15,000 locations. They're starting in California in 2015, making a lot of celebrities very happy. Gillian Pensavalle has the story.
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Anyway the owner was very friendly and we talked at some length about the French way and how they're not hard workers and how English speaking cultures are. I tried to give him the other side of the coin view about how Americans although wealthy don't actually get to enjoy their lives because they're at work but he wasn't having it. It seems the Indians idealize the American way of life. After living it I'm not sure we're actually better off than the French. I don't mind the idea of a 35 hr work week and a two hour lunch to enjoy food. With the French idea that there's a fine line between sex and food it's understandable that they spend so much time eating. Maybe if we propose to American companies that we'll have a two hour lunch and sex will be provided the workers will agree to relax their schedules a bit and spend more time at lunch.
There is one thing we've learned about the French though is that they don't like spicy food. If you go to an Indian restaurant here you will get food that although it might resemble something you're familiar with there is something missing - spice. What is Indian food without spice? I told one guy at an Indian restaurant that we wanted it the way it is in India, Indian food without spice doesn't make sense, why eat? He started laughing to that because they think the same way. But it doesn't matter because if you want an Indian restaurant in France you need to drop any heat from it. The French are so afraid that they may come in contact with a pepper that the proprieters will actually put "mild" on the outdoor menu out of fear that the French won't even slow down and look at the menu. I love the richness of French food but this aversion to spice puzzles me. It amazes me that Indian restaurants can even stay in business in Paris but there are plenty. The first thing we do tell them we're not French, we like spice in our food. Even my spice challenged children thing the food is possitively boring.
So after digging through our Korma, Vindaloo and Tikka Masala looking for something that resembles a pepper or at least cardamom we meandered down the street to see what was around. We found the monster Cinaplex at Place de Clichy and decided against a movie based on the exchange rate ($50 for the four of us) and how tired we felt. In our walk we did go past Mulan Rouge (Jade didn't notice) and turned south looking for the above ground Metro Line 2. We never found it and decided to walk back home.
There is a store in Paris called Tati that has cut rate clothing and we saw one outside the window of the Number 2 metro, hence our search for it. Later we find out that we have a Tati two blocks from our apartment.


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Chelsea Man Beat Wife And Possibly Killed Her Over Ricotta Cheese Dispute
Bostonherald – A Chelsea man beat his wife over a missing ingredient for the lasagna he was making during "Monday Night Football" hours before she was found dead in their driveway, authorities said. Frederick Wilkes, 54, lashed out at Theresa Kenna Wilkes, 50, after he discovered beans inside a ricotta cheese container in their fridge, said Jake Wark, spokesman for the Suffolk district attorney's office. "He threw the container of beans at her and they became involved in an altercation," Wark said. Wilkes — a father of two who had been married for 28 years — pleaded not guilty to three counts of assault and battery yesterday and is being held on $15,000 bail. He is not charged with murder. The fight began around 8 p.m. when the couple and Fred Wilkes' buddy, Mario Donnarumma, went to the kitchen to prepare dinner before the Steelers-Bengals game, according to court papers. All three had been drinking for hours, and when Wilkes found the leftover beans, the argument began, Donnarumma told cops. Theresa Wilkes hit her husband several times, and he hit her "three times on the side of her head with either an open or closed fist," said Donnarumma, a homeless man who had been staying with the couple. Donnarumma said he offered to go to the store to purchase ricotta cheese but was unsuccessful, and returned only with beer and vodka. Wilkes became upset again, and his wife, who was sitting on a couch, suddenly found herself covered in beans, Donnarumma said.The couple fought again, prompting Wilkes to say, "You're done … get out," while grabbing his wife and dragging her out of the apartment, Donnarumma told police. He also pushed the bean-splattered couch outside.
Everybody knows the Stool policy regarding stories that involve death and murder. We don't make fun of it unless they are foreigners. But I just couldn't let this teaching moment pass. So this is for all the kids out there who read the Stool. Let this be a lesson to you. You never send a boy or a homeless person to do a man's job. If you want to ricotta cheese you got to go out and buy it yourself. Because if you send the homeless guy you got living with you, he's going to come back with beer and vodka 100 out of 100 times. Next thing you know your wife is suddenly covered in beans and is lying dead on the sidewalk. It's a story as old as time itself.


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Lady Imperials outlast Strasburg-Zeeland
Strasburg-Zeeland gave 5th-ranked Napoleon all it could handle, but the Lady Imperials emerged with a 58-48 victory in Strasburg on Jan. 25. Napoleon improved to 11-1 on the season overall, and 6-0 in District 6, while Strasburg-Zeeland had its 3-game winning streak snapped and dropped to 7-5 (2-3 in District 6) on the season.
Napoleon looked as though it would run away with things early on, as the Lady Imperials forced 9 Strasburg-Zeeland turnovers in the first quarter and opened up a 24-9 cushion by the end of the frame. However, the Lady Imperials hit a cold spell to start the second period, and Strasburg-Zeeland strung together a rally to get back into the game.
A pair of free throws by Kendra Weigel on Napoleon's first possession of the second period gave the Lady Imperials their biggest lead (26-9) of the game, but they would misfire on their first 9 field goal attempts of the period, and Strasburg-Zeeland scored 8 unanswered points over the next 2:00, and cut the lead into single digits (26-17) on a three-pointer by Suzanne Ternes with 5:20 left in the quarter. After Mariah Jangula notched Napoleon's first field goal of the quarter at the 4:10 mark, Strasburg-Zeeland went on another 8-0 run, and Courtney Bubach's jumper cut the lead to 28-25 with 2:00 left.
After a free throw by MikaylaYoung, JenniferWikenheiser put in a field goal to cap an 18-3 run by the Lady Clippers, which cut the margin to just 2 points (29-27) with about a half minute left in the quarter, but Kecia Ellison hit a jumper on Napoleon's ensuing trip, and Weigel turned a late steal into a lay-up to extend the lead to 33-27 at the intermission.
Napoleon shot just 37 percent (13 of 35) from the field in the first half, after hitting just 3 of 15 (20%) field goals in the second period. The Lady Imperials hit 5 of 7 free throws and committed just 4 turnovers over the first two quarters. Strasburg-Zeeland hit on 11 of 23 (48%) field goals, 4 of 5 free throws, and held a 19-13 advantage in rebounds in the first half, but the Lady Clippers committed a dozen turnovers in the half. Weigel and Sheridon Dewald each scored 11 points for Napoleon, while Kara Weigel and Madelyn Kramer scored 9 and 6 points, respectively, for Strasburg-Zeeland.
Kendra Weigel's putback on the opening trip of the second half extended the lead to 35-27, and Strasburg-Zeeland would get no closer than 6 points the rest of the way. Napoleon led by as many as 10 points on a couple of occasions before taking a 47-39 advantage into the final period.
Napoleon stayed in control during the fourth quarter, despite hitting just 5 of 13 free throws in the frame. The Lady Imperials pushed the margin into double digits early in the quarter, and Strasburg-Zeeland would go on to hit just 2 of 10 field goal attempts in the period. Bubach's free throws cut the lead to 52-45 with 3:07 left, but the Lady Clippers would get no closer than that, and Napoleon would push the lead back up to 12 points with under :30 left.
Napoleon shot just 34 percent (21 of 61) from the field and 54 percent (13 of 24) from the line, but the Lady Imperials committed just 10 turnovers in the contest. Strasburg-Zeeland hit on 19 of 47 (40%) field goals, 9 of 16 (56%) free throws, and held a 39-27 advantage on the boards, but the Lady Clippers turned the ball over 27 times in the game.
Dewald finished with a game-high 21 points, and Kendra Weigel netted 20 points for Napoleon. Kara Weigel paced Strasburg-Zeeland with 14 points and 13 rebounds, while Bubach (6 rebounds, 3 assists) and Kramer scored 8 points apiece. Brittany Moser (2 assists, 3 steals) and Wikenheiser (5 rebounds) scored 6 points apiece, Ternes chipped in 5 points, and Ali Wolf grabbed 7 rebounds for the Lady Clippers.
Scoring Summary
Napoleon | 24 | 9 | 14 | 11 | 58 |
Stra.-Zeel. | 9 | 18 | 12 | 9 | 48 |
Team Stats
Field Goals | 21-61 | 19-47 |
( | 34%) | (40%) |
Free Throws | 13-24 | 9-16 |
( | 54%) | (56%) |
Rebounds | 27 | 39 |
Turnovers | 10 | 27 |
Team Fouls | 18 | 18 |
Individual Scoring
Napoleon: Sheridon Dewald 21, Kendra Weigel 20, Mariah Jangula 6, Mikayla Young 5, Kecia Ellison 4, Shania Gross 2.
Strasburg-Zeeland:KaraWeigel 14, Courtney Bubach 8, Madelyn Kramer 8, Jennifer Wikenheiser 6, Brittany Moser 6, Suzanne Ternes 5, Ali Wolf 1.
3-Pointers: Napoleon (3-11): Dewald2,Weigel1,Strasburg-Zeeland (1-8): Ternes 1. Fouled Out: Bubach (S-Z).
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Richard Hammond | |
Hammond in May 2006. | |
Born | Richard Mark Hammond 19 December 1969 Solihull, Warwickshire, England |
Residence | Weston under Penyard, Herefordshire, England Marylebone, London |
Other names | Hamster Stuart Little |
Education | Solihull School Ripon Grammar School |
Alma mater | Harrogate College of Art and Technology |
Occupation | Presenter, Journalist, Author, Voice actor |
Years active | 1998, 2002–present |
Employer | BBC, The Daily Mirror (prev. ITV & Sky) |
Known for | Presenting: Brainiac: Science Abuse |
Home town | Solihull, West Midlands, England |
Height | 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m)[1] |
Spouse(s) | Amanda Etheridge (m. 2002) |
Children | 2 (Willow and Isabella Hammond) |
Parents | Eileen and Alan Hammond |
Richard Hammond | |
Hammond in May 2006. | |
Born | Richard Mark Hammond 19 December 1969 Solihull, Warwickshire, England |
Residence | Weston under Penyard, Herefordshire, England Marylebone, London |
Other names | Hamster Stuart Little |
Education | Solihull School Ripon Grammar School |
Alma mater | Harrogate College of Art and Technology |
Occupation | Presenter, Journalist, Author, Voice actor |
Years active | 1998, 2002–present |
Employer | BBC, The Daily Mirror (prev. ITV & Sky) |
Known for | Presenting: Brainiac: Science Abuse |
Home town | Solihull, West Midlands, England |
Height | 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m)[1] |
Spouse(s) | Amanda Etheridge (m. 2002) |
Children | 2 (Willow and Isabella Hammond) |
Parents | Eileen and Alan Hammond |
Richard Mark Hammond (born 19 December 1969) is an English presenter, writer, and journalist. He is most noted for co-hosting the car programme Top Gear with Jeremy Clarkson and James May, as well as presenting series 1–4 of Brainiac: Science Abuse on Sky1. He also co-hosted Total Wipeout with Amanda Byram on BBC One. Hammond presented Planet Earth Live alongside Julia Bradbury.
Hammond was born in Solihull, Warwickshire and is the grandson of workers in the Birmingham car industry.[2][3] In the mid-1980s Hammond moved with his family (mother Eileen, father Alan, and younger brothers Andrew, writer of the 'Crypt' Series, and Nicholas) to the North Yorkshire cathedral city of Ripon where his father ran a probate business in the market square. Originally a pupil of Solihull School, a fee-paying boys' independent school, he moved to Ripon Grammar School, and from 1987 to 1989 attended Harrogate College of Art and Technology. After his graduation he worked for several radio stations, including Radio Cleveland, Radio York, Radio Cumbria, Radio Leeds, Radio Newcastle and Radio Lancashire, before auditioning for Top Gear.[4]
Hammond became a presenter on Top Gear in 2002, when the show began in its present format. He is sometimes referred to as "The Hamster" by fans and his co-presenters on Top Gear due to his name and comparatively small stature.[5] His nickname was further reinforced when on three separate occasions in series 7, he ate cardboard,[6] mimicking hamster-like behaviour.
Following a high-speed dragster crash while filming in September 2006 near York, Hammond returned in the first episode of series 9 (broadcast on 28 January 2007) to a hero's welcome, complete with dancing girls, aeroplane style stairs and fireworks. The show also contained images of the crash, which had made international headlines, with Hammond talking through the events of the day after which the audience broke into spontaneous applause. Hammond then requested that the crash never be mentioned on the show again, though all three Top Gear presenters have since referred to it in jokes during the news segment of the programme. He told his colleagues, "The only difference between me now, and before the crash, is that I like celery now and I didn't before".[7]
During the third episode of series sixteen, Hammond suggested that no one would ever want to own a Mexican car, since cars are supposed to reflect national characteristics and so a Mexican car would be a "lazy, feckless, flatulent, overweight oaf." Hammond finished with the remark "I'm sorry, but can you imagine waking up and remembering you're Mexican?!"[8] Following complaints, the BBC defended the broadcast of this segment on the grounds that such national stereotyping was a "robust part" of traditional British humour.[9]
In 2003, Hammond became the first presenter of Brainiac: Science Abuse; he was joined by Jon Tickle with Charlotte Hudson in series 2.[10] After the fourth series it was announced that Hammond was no longer going to present the Sky1 show after he signed an exclusive deal with the BBC. Vic Reeves took his place as main presenter.[citation needed]
Early in his career, as well as his radio work, Hammond presented a number of daytime lifestyle shows and motoring programmes such as Motor Week on Men & Motors.
He presented the Crufts dog show in 2005, the 2004 and 2005 British Parking Awards, and has appeared on School's Out, a quiz show on BBC One where celebrities answer questions about things they learned at school. He has also presented The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The Legend.[11] Along with his work on Top Gear, he presented Should I Worry About...? on BBC One, Time Commanders on BBC Two and the first four series of Brainiac: Science Abuse on Sky One. He was also a team captain on the BBC Two quiz show, Petrolheads, in which a memorable part was one where Hammond was tricked into smashing his classic Ferrari while trying to parallel park blindfolded in another car.
From 3 January 2006 until 10 February 2006, Hammond was the eponymous star of Richard Hammond's 5 O'Clock Show with his co-star Mel Giedroyc of Light Lunch fame.[12] The programme, which discussed a wide range of topics, was shown every weekday on ITV between 17:00 and 18:00.[12]
In July 2005, Hammond was voted number one in a Heat magazine poll of top "weird celebrity crushes". Also in 2005 he was voted one of the top 10 British TV talents.[13]
He presented Richard Hammond and the Holy Grail in 2006. During the special, he travelled to various locations around the world, including the Vatican Secret Archives, exploring the history of the Holy Grail.[14]
In one episode of Top Gear, fellow presenter James May was mocked by both Hammond and Clarkson for being named the celebrity with the worst hairstyle, while Hammond was named the celebrity with the best.
As part of Red Nose Day 2007, Hammond stood for nomination via a public telephone vote, along with Andy Hamilton and Kelvin MacKenzie, to be a one-off co-presenter of BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour on 16 March 2007.[15] However, he was defeated by Andy Hamilton.
In April 2007, Hammond presented a one off special on BBC Radio 2 for Good Friday followed by another in August 2007 for the bank holiday.
Hammond recorded an interview with the famed American stuntman Evel Knievel, which aired on 23 December 2007 on BBC Two, and was Knievel's last interview before his death on 30 November 2007.[16]
In September 2008, Hammond presented the first episode of a new series; Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections on the National Geographic Channel.[17] In this show, Hammond discovered how the inventions of the past, along with assistance from nature, help designers today. Episodes include the building of the Airbus A380, Taipei 101 and the Keck Observatory.[17] Series 2 of Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections began in May 2010 and has included the building of the Wembley Stadium and the Sydney Opera House.
Hammond also filmed an advertisement for Morrisons supermarkets in 2008,[18] and joined the cast of TV show Ashes To Ashes for a special insert on the 2008 Children in Need special.
While in New Zealand for Top Gear Live 2009, Hammond filmed several television commercials for Telecom New Zealand's new XT UTMS mobile network. Telecom claimed that the new network was "faster in more places", compared to its competitors and its existing CDMA network. After the network suffered three highly publicised outages in late 2009 and early 2010, Hammond became the butt of a joke when he did not return to New Zealand for Top Gear Live 2010. His fellow Top Gear co-hosts said he was too embarrassed to come back to New Zealand, and in a supposed live feed back to Hammond, the feed suddenly drops out as the "XT Network had crashed".[19] Hammond was later given the right of reply to his colleagues during an interview with Marcus Lush on RadioLIVE's breakfast show in New Zealand.[20]
Hammond used to host the UK version of the US series Wipeout, called Total Wipeout for BBC One. It took place in Argentina, and was co-presented by Hammond and Amanda Byram. Hammond presented and performed the voiceover for the clips in a London studio, and Byram was filmed at the obstacle course in Buenos Aires.[21] The series was cancelled at the end of 2012, following the BBC's decision to cancel the show.[22]
Hammond also presented a science-themed game show for children, Richard Hammond's Blast Lab which aired on BBC Two and CBBC.[23]
In March 2010, Hammond presented a 3 episode series called Richard Hammond's Invisible Worlds, which looked at things too fast for the naked eye to see, things that are beyond the visible spectrum (e.g. ultraviolet and infra-red light), as well as microscopic things.
One of Hammond's lesser known television roles was as presenter of the BBC2 gameshow Time Commanders, a sophisticated warfare simulator which used a modified version of Creative Assembly's Rome: Total War game engine.[24]
Since February 2011, Hammond has presented an online technology series "Richard Hammond's Tech Head".[25]
In July 2011, Hammond presented a two-part natural science documentary Richard Hammond's Journey to the Centre of the Planet, focused on Earth geology and plate tectonics.[26][27]
In April 2012, Hammond hosted a BBC America programme titled Richard Hammond's Crash Course,[28] which was also shown in the UK from September 2012[29] on BBC Two.
In May 2012, Hammond presented a live animal documentary for BBC One called Planet Earth Live where he and others looked at animals living in tough times in different parts of the world.
In June 2014, Hammond presented a scientific fourteen part series on National Geographic Channel titled "Science Of Stupid" which focused on the application of physics in everyday life.
Hammond has been married to Amanda "Mindy" Etheridge[30] since May 2002; the couple have two daughters.[2] The family lives in a mock castle in Herefordshire and also have an apartment in London. Hammond also plays the bass guitar, on which he accompanied the other Top Gear presenters when they performed alongside Justin Hawkins on Top Gear of the Pops for Comic Relief in 2007. Hammond likes to ride his bicycle in cities, for which he is mocked mercilessly by fellow presenter Jeremy Clarkson.[31]
Hammond is a fan of Porsche cars in particular the Porsche 911, which he has owned several models of, and claims the Pagani Zonda to be the ultimate supercar. He once owned a 1982 Porsche 911 SC (sold in the mid-2000s),[32][33] and later purchased a 2006 Porsche 911 (997) Carrera S.[34] In 2004, Hammond purchased a Porsche 928 for the purpose of daily driving.[35] Much unlike Clarkson and May, he also has an interest in American muscle cars, having owned a 1969 Dodge Charger R/T,[35] a 1967 Ford Mustang GT 390,[36] and a 2008 Dodge Challenger SRT-8 (which was purchased in the United States on a Series 12 episode of Top Gear).[37] He also owns a BMW 850Ci, which was used to race against Clarkson's Mercedes CL600, which they both bought on the show to prove that one could purchase second-hand cars which were a better buy than the Nissan Pixo (Britain's cheapest new car at the time) for less money.
Hammond had also owned a Morgan AeroMax, in which he was involved in a car accident on 9 August 2009. He also owns a Jaguar E-Type[38] and is also a fan of monster trucks, having attended Truckfest '07.
An interview with The Sunday Times in February 2008 reported Hammond as having moved briefly from Gloucestershire to Buckinghamshire, then back again because he missed the country life.[39]
Hammond is a keen motorcyclist[40] and Land Rover Defender fan. He spent over £70,000 rebuilding his Defender 110 "Buster" in 2008.[citation needed]
During the news segment of Top Gear's 2010 USA Road Trip special, Hammond openly expressed his dislike of the band Genesis. This fact was later exploited by his co-presenters (particularly by Clarkson) in three special episodes: during the Middle East Special, when they installed a secret second stereo unit in his Fiat Barchetta that only plays the band's Live over Europe 2007 concert; in the India Special, Clarkson played the same song used in the previous special through the megaphone mounted in his Jaguar XJS, despite Hammond driving a different car (a Mini Cooper Sport). In the 2013 Africa Special, Clarkson once again played Genesis in an attempt to get Hammond to let him pass.
In October it was reported he had spent over £2 million buying Bollitree Castle which is situated near Weston under Penyard, Ross-on-Wye. It has been rumoured he has also bought a large house in the small town of Wantage, Oxfordshire[citation needed].[41][42]
In 2007, Hammond went to Africa on a Top Gear special across Botswana, with his choice of car being a 1963 Opel Kadett, which he subsequently named Oliver. A week after the special was aired, Hammond announced during the news section that he had shipped Oliver back to the UK, where it was restored by a team from Practical Classics magazine. Oliver features on Hammond's children's science television show Richard Hammond's Blast Lab and in another episode of Top Gear as a kind of "Hill-holder" in the trailer truck challenge (after it acquired the fake personal plate "OLI V3R"). Oliver is also mentioned in Hammond's second autobiography As You Do.[citation needed]
In 2010, Hammond was the president of the 31st Herefordshire Country Fair held at Hampton Court in Hope under Dinmore. His involvement caused unprecedented attendance with "nearly 15,000 people" drawn to the event to meet the presenter.[44]
Later that year, Hammond gained a private pilot licence (PPL)(H) in a Robinson R44 helicopter.
During series 18 of Top Gear it was revealed that he owns a Fiat 500 TwinAir. He also owns a Ford Mustang. And during series 21 of Top Gear it was revealed that he recently bought a Porsche 911 GT3.
Richard Hammond is a vice-president of UK children's brain injury charity the Children's Trust, Tadworth.[45]
In October 2013, terminally-ill eight-year-old Emilia Palmer was driven by Richard Hammond in a pink Lamborghini Aventador Roadster. Hammond flew his G-OHAM Robinson R44 helicopter to Shobdon Aerodrome, then picked Palmer up from her home in Kimbolton, Herefordshire and drove her back to the airport for a high-speed run on the main runway. The event was arranged at short notice by Rays of Sunshine with car "LJ13 AUX" loaned by H.R. Owen and spray painted by company Yiannamize.[46][47][48][49] Palmer died two weeks later on 18 October 2013 at Birmingham Children's Hospital.[50]
During filming of a Top Gear segment at the former RAF Elvington airbase near York on 20 September 2006, Hammond was injured in the crash of the jet-powered car he was piloting.[51][52][53]:1 Hammond was travelling at 288 mph (463 km/h) at the time of the crash.[54]
His vehicle, a dragster called Vampire, was theoretically capable of travelling at speeds of up to 370 mph (595 km/h).[52] The vehicle was the same car that in 2000, piloted by Colin Fallows, set the British land speed record at 300.3 mph (483.3 km/h).[53]:3[55] The Vampire was powered by a single Bristol-Siddeley Orpheus afterburning turbojet engine producing 10000 hp (7.5 MW).[52][54]
Some accounts suggested that the accident occurred during an attempt to break the British land speed record,[51][56] but the Health and Safety Executive report on the crash found that a proposal to try to officially break the record was vetoed in advance by Top Gear executive producer Andy Wilman, due to the risks and complexities of such a venture.[53]:4 (The report stated: "Runs were to be carried out in only one direction along a pre-set course on the Elvington runway. Vampire's speed was to be recorded using GPS satellite telemetry. The intention was to record the maximum speed, not to measure an average speed over a measured course, and for (Hammond) to describe how it felt.")[53]:1
Hammond was completing a seventh and final run to collect extra footage for the programme when his front-right tyre failed,[53]:8[57] and, according to witness and first responder Dave Ogden, "one of the parachutes had deployed but it went on to the grass and spun over and over before coming to a rest about 100 yards from us."[58] The emergency crew quickly arrived at the car, finding it inverted and partially embedded in the grass.[56] During the roll, Hammond's helmet had embedded itself into the ground, flipping the visor up and forcing soil into his mouth and damaging his left eye. Rescuers felt a pulse and heard the unconscious Hammond breathing before the car was turned upright.[56] Hammond was cut free with hydraulic shears, and placed on a backboard.[53]:9 "He was regaining consciousness at that point and said he had some lower back pain".[56] He was then transported by the Yorkshire Air Ambulance to the neurological unit of the Leeds General Infirmary.[51][53]:9[59] Hammond's family visited him at the hospital along with Top Gear co-presenters James May and Jeremy Clarkson.[58][59] Clarkson wished Hammond well, saying "Both James and I are looking forward to getting our 'Hamster' back", referring to Hammond by his nickname.[51][58]
The Health & Safety Executive report stated that "Hammond's instantaneous reaction to the tyre blow-out seems to have been that of a competent high performance car driver, namely to brake the car and to try to steer into the skid. Immediately afterwards he also seems to have followed his training and to have pulled back on the main parachute release lever, thus shutting down the jet engine and also closing the jet and afterburner fuel levers. The main parachute did not have time to deploy before the car ran off the runway."[53]:13 The HSE notes that, based on the findings of the North Yorkshire Police (who investigated the crash), "the accident may not have been recoverable", even if Hammond's efforts to react were as fast as "humanly possible".[53]:13
The crash was shown on an episode of Top Gear on 28 January 2007; this was the first episode of the new series, which had been postponed pending Hammond's recovery. Hammond requested at the end of the episode that his fellow presenters never mention the crash again, a request which has been generally observed by both Hammond and the other presenters, although occasional oblique references have been made. On The Edge: My Story, which contains first-hand accounts from both Hammond and his wife about the crash, immediate aftermath, and his recovery was published later that year. Hammond also appeared on the BBC chat show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross revealing he was "a bit fighty" right after the crash and then in a coma for two weeks.[60]
In February 2008 Hammond gave an interview to The Sunday Times newspaper in which he described the effects of his brain injuries and the progression of his recovery.[61] He reported suffering loss of memory, depression and difficulties with emotional experiences, for which he was consulting a psychiatrist.[61][62] He also talked about his recovery in a 2010 television programme where he interviewed Sir Stirling Moss and they discussed the brain injuries they had both received as a result of car crashes.[63]
Year | Title | Notes |
1998-2002 | Motor Week (Men & Motors TV series) | Presenter |
1998-2002 | Car File (Men & Motors TV series) | Presenter |
2002–present | Top Gear | Presenter |
2003–06 | Brainiac: Science Abuse | Presenter |
2004–05 | Crufts | Presenter |
Should I Worry About...? | Presenter | |
2005 | The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The Legend | Presenter |
Time Commanders | Presenter | |
Inside Britain's Fattest Man | Presenter | |
2006 | Richard Hammond's 5 O'Clock Show | Presenter |
Petrolheads | Contestant | |
School's Out | Contestant | |
Richard Hammond: Would You Believe It? | Presenter | |
Richard Hammond: The Holy Grail | Presenter | |
Battle of the Geeks | Presenter | |
2007 | Last Man Standing | Narrator |
Helicopter Heroes | Narrator | |
Richard Hammond Meets Evel Knievel | Presenter | |
2008 | BBC Timewatch | Narrator |
Sport Relief | Presenter | |
2009–2011 | Richard Hammond's Blast Lab | Presenter |
Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections | Presenter | |
2009–2012 | Total Wipeout | Presenter |
2010 | Richard Hammond's Invisible Worlds | Presenter |
Sport Relief 2010 | Presenter | |
Hammond Meets Moss | Presenter | |
2011 | Richard Hammond's Journey to the Centre of the Planet | Presenter |
Richard Hammond's Journey to the Bottom of the Ocean | Presenter | |
2012 | Richard Hammond's Crash Course | Presenter |
Planet Earth Live | Presenter | |
Richard Hammond's Miracles of Nature | Presenter | |
Top Gear: 50 Years of Bond Cars | Presenter | |
2013 | Richard Hammond's Secret Service | Presenter |
Hammond meets Moss | Presenter | |
Richard Hammond Builds a Planet | Presenter | |
That Puppet Game Show | Contestant | |
2014 | Science of Stupid | Presenter |
Title | Developer | Year | Role |
Forza Motorsport 5 | Turn 10 Studios | 2013 | Voice over |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Richard Hammond |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richard Hammond. |


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Sometimes a theme gets stuck in your head and you have a hard time resolving it to your own satisfaction. So you pick at it and turn it around. You look at it from different angles. You articulate an idea but remain unsatisfied, so you articulate a related idea and hope it meshes. But it still isn't quite right. You know you should leave it alone, but there's still something *missing* that you have to figure out. So you keep coming back to it.
When that happens in fiction you end up with a series. Depending on how sparkling the idea is (and how competent the writer), that series can go on for many, many volumes and attract an increasingly diverse audience, or it can thud horribly and drive the audience you have away. Sadly, I'm stuck on an idea and I haven't quite worked it out yet, so I'm going to take another whack at it here (as I've done at least four times already).
How we perceive and how our perceptions change over time is something that has always perplexed me. I picked at the idea in a post on perception of the sacred. I turned it around in a post about fathers not always being wrong, then flipped it over in a post on feeling alone in the big tent. Then I went back and reframed the idea of fathers and getting old.
All of those are attempts to understand perception and the ways that we can radically shift the way we perceive without ever noticing that a change has occurred. And it *is* a change, a significant change, even a mighty change. The thing is that mighty changes sometimes take place so slowly that we don't even notice–and we don't even perceive the change.
I hate to come back to it yet again, but the whole age/perception thing is really stuck in my craw (located somewhere northeast of the spleen, I think).
When I was nineteen years old serving a mission in Germany, my mission president said something appalling in a zone conference. He suggested that he thought the same way then as he did when he was sixteen. I was incredulous, as were the other missionaries in the room, and President Klein laughed at our obvious disbelief. So he reiterated the thought–inside his head he felt like exactly the same person that he was when he was a missionary.
What an extraordinary thought. Of course he wasn't the same person. He could never have been a mission president at nineteen; he didn't have the right mind or experience. He could never have been a successful engineer running his own firm as a teenager; he didn't have the knowledge or insight or problem-solving skill. And I can guarantee that at the age of sixteen he would never have imagined himself at forty-something saying that he was just his sixteen year old self with thirty more years of experience.
I couldn't understand that then–I couldn't even imagine it–but I think I understand it now. And I think he was right. I'm still the same person, and I still think with the same voice. Yes, I have more experience and have modified many of my opinions, but at the base of it all I'm the same person trying to solve most of the same problems using most of the same methodologies.
I'm better at being me, much more practiced at it. But I'm still me.
Which is something I failed to articulate well last month. I got old, but I did it so gradually and so smoothly that I never noticed the moment it happened. What finally occurred to me this week is that in the process of getting old I never stopped being a young person; I just added onto who I already was. What I meant to say was that I *also* became old, not that I *only* became old. I think there's a difference.
Which is kind of cool. It's not necessary to give up who you were to become who you are–or who you will be. In fact, it may not even be possible, which is why the gospel of salvation is so critical in enabling us to have been the one who made certain mistakes at the same time that we become the one who will no longer make them–who is, in fact, no longer interested in making them.
That's a story worth telling, and as Mormons we have a unique take that is very much worth sharing in whatever form, and whatever forum.


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@Markerrag -- that is good advice for professional installers, but what about amateurs that like to do projects for themselves? They are the ones prone to making measurement mistakes and are also the ones inclined to force a copper pipe in place when it doesn't fit.
If your pipe is too long, there are plenty of inexpensive ways to cut that piece down so it fits properly (just ask your local hardware pro about your options there).
If it is too short, that is when you need to get another piece of pipe. Amateurs are often tempted to use a connector in those cases but that is a bad idea. Connectors tend to develop leaks over time so you want to use them as rarely as you can. Remember -- those make good connectors but bad extenders.


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Executive Committee Steering Committee
Forestry Committee Nursery and Floriculture Committee Research Committee
The Executive committee will be ultimately responsible for implementing the activities that occur at the NORS-DUC. The research that occurs there will have national and international implications and the limited resources available at NORS-DUC must be strategically managed.
The Executive committee will review the recommendations from the NORS-DUC Steering committee on research projects and site management and make management decisions for the NORS-DUC. These decisions will take into account the short-, intermediate- and long-term goals of the National Ornamentals Research Site.
The purpose of the Steering Committee is to work with Executive Committee to establish overall priorities and provide general direction and management by identifying and implementing research that supports the general purpose of the project. The primary role is to identify and prioritize research proposals and confirm conformity to safeguards and permit requirements.
The Steering Committee will provide recommendations for the oversight and direction of the site and will work in concert with the Research Committee. The Research Committee will suggest experimental design, review experiments and guarantee a broad national research support base. The participants on the committee will represent regulatory agencies, the nursery industry and P. ramorum research scientists.
The Steering committee consists of representatives of the nursery industry, forestry, regulatory and research which represents the NORS-DUC governance structure. It is encumbent upon them to meet with their peers in their respective fields to obtain input and guidance regarding NORS-DUC direction.
This committee will provide technical assistance to the NORS-DUC staff and collaborators related to sudden oak death and other wildland aspects of Phytophthora ramorum. The participants will interface with other NORS-DUC committees and provide recommendations to the Steering Committee on other emerging, damaging forest pathogen or insect concerns that could be best addressed at NORS-DUC.
The committee will insure that the objectives and mission of NORS-DUC are aligned with the chosen projects goals. Immediate responsibilities are to determine how to announce calls for proposals, prepare a nursery research list to send to scientists likely to submit a request for proposal (RFP), and identify the criteria for evaluating the proposals.
This committee will provide recommendations from nursery associations nationally and from Canada on P. ramorum research opportunities as well as on new and emerging pests and pathogens of concern to the nursery industry.


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A different kind of social media learning
Register now for this five-part series of must-attend social media webinars for associations and nonprofits. Facilitated by Maddie Grant, CAE, pioneering social media strategist of SocialFish, the series features an all-star lineup of renowned experts.
Unlike other social media webinars that focus on educating for-profits, small businesses and agencies, the Think Tank Summer E-Learning Series is designed for the people responsible for social media work in associations and nonprofits. All of this within a unique social learning environment that affords participants the opportunity to connect and share their own experiences with the topic areas. You'll learn how to actually apply cutting edge social media knowledge at your association or nonprofit.
These premium webinars are $129 each, or get all five for $499!
More live webinars coming soon!
(60 minutes)
(60 minutes)


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Curry goat
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Serves: 2
Total Time: 2 hr 1 min
Prep Time: 1 hr 2 min
Cook Time: 1 hr 2 min
U.S. | Metric | Conversion chart |
- 2 pound(s) goat 1 pack of curry 1onion tyme season salt quart pint of cooking oil, goat meat
- wash goat cut goat in small picies cut up onion and tyme put seasoning salt and curry and rub on goat meat put cooking oil in pot and goat meat to cook with little water cover and cook till tender.
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Saint Morand of Cluny
Monk of Cluny. Founded the monastery of Saint Christopher at Altkirch, France. Lived the whole of each Lent on a single bunch of grapes, leading to his patronage of people in the grape and wine trade.
MLA Citation
- "Saint Morand of Cluny". Saints.SQPN.com. 8 May 2014. Web. 6 March 2015. <>


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Luna Star Cafe News: Roberto Sanfield, Owner's Dad, Has Died
Categories: News
Hi everyoneFollow Miami New Times on Facebook and Twitter @MiamiNewTimes.
It is with great sadness in my heart I send this email to let everyone know that my father Roberto Sanfield had turned the last page of the last chapter of his life on Wednesday, September 21, 2011 at 9:25 PM. My mother Joan Sanfield had been married to my father for 50 years this year.. My father was 88 years old.
At this time my mother is staying with us and we are keeping busy at the cafe.. My mother will be at the cafe tonight at the open mic
my mother does not read emails
Please send cards ect. to Joan, Alexis and Keith
25 N W 104 st
Miami Florida 33150
thank you
Sponsor Content


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Educational Sessions
Building a Better Workplace: Understanding Gender RolesPresented by Dr. Helen Eckmann |
During this session, we will discuss ways that women and men, and those who are visibly different, can work together better. Tips, tools and data will be offered for both women and men to make the work place fairer, including:
Attendees of this session will:
About Dr. Helen Eckmann Helen has run her own consulting business for the past decade working as an executive coach and innovation specialist in the biotech, defense, finance, technology, grocery, oil and gas industries. |
Taking the Mystery Out of Plastic Piping |
The plastic piping industry, and the piping industry in general, has a number of technical terms, definitions, jargon and so on that are often confused, misunderstood and, too frequently, misused. This session will address a number of these terms by defining and simplifying them for use by technical, customer service and sales and marketing personnel. Among the terms discussed will be:
Attendees of this session will come away with a better understanding of some of the more common technical terms of the plastic piping industry and a higher comfort level when working with and assisting customers with technical problems. Watch this quick video from Dick Birch to find out more about his session.
About Dick Birch |
From Blight to Bright: Giving Plastics Waste a New Future |
The world consumes more than 500 BILLION pounds of plastics each year, which amounts to more material, on a volume basis, than that amount of steel consumed worldwide each year! And while plastics on average are many times more valuable than steel, the overall recycling rate, particularly in the United States, is only a fraction of steel (less than 10 percent for plastics versus more than 90 percent for steel). This session will provide an overview of the global impact of plastics in our waste streams, the reaction of end-users and policy makers and the challenges associated with recovering plastics from waste streams. It will also cover how and why the supply of post-consumer recycled (PCR) plastics is increasing dramatically and why a growing number of manufacturers and converters are tapping into this new source of raw material to:
Attendees of this session will come away with a much better understanding of the multi-dimensional global challenges associated with plastics in the waste stream and the many opportunities and challenges associated with incorporating more PCR plastics in their products. You'll see numerous eye-opening examples designed to inspire you to find ways to make PCR plastics work for you. Plus, leave with ideas and opportunities to incorporate into your own programs. Watch this quick video from Mike Biddle to find out more about his session.
About Mike Biddle |
Success Secrets of the Social Media Marketing Superstars |
In this session, you will take a look at the top personal branding and business development strategies LinkedIn superstars use to attract targeted attention and leads on LinkedIn, including:
About Barbara Rozgonyi |
The Power of Negotiating: Get the Deal You Want |
Unfortunately, most distribution salespeople are not trained in negotiations. More unfortunately, many of the people they're selling to are. The good thing is successful negotiating is not as complex as many people think. In fact, research indicates that the single biggest factor of being a successful negotiator is expectations. Another factor is creating points of power and using them. This session is designed to provide key skills for any negotiation that the participant is involved — beginning with creating the type of negotiations that best suits their purpose. In this session, participants will:
About Chuck Holmes He founded Corporate Strategies, Inc. in 1984 to assist manufacturers and distributors in meeting their markets more effectively, providing training and consulting in customer service, sales, sales management and marketing as well as various types of quantitative and qualitative market, customer and employee research. Holmes has spoken and written extensively about customer service, sales and marketing in distribution including: A New View of the Selling System; New Directions in Inside Sales; Building Business through Better Branding; The Myth of Sales Training; Problem Solving for Managers and Effective Compensation Design. |
Specifying Plastic Glazing in Construction — Coping with Building Codes |
This session will provide participants a brief overview of building and energy codes and the opportunity and challenges facing plastic glazing. A new industry group of plastic sheet producers and value chain partners that is developing plans to take action on this critical initiative will be introduced. We hope to gain strength by further unifying the industry, with common objectives of driving change in the model building codes and creating necessary product standards. If successful with this initiative, the industry would benefit from increased demand of plastic materials used for glazing. |


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Joseph Biernat, DC(sponsored by Standard Process) About: Dr. Joseph Biernat holds a Doctorate of Chiropractic from Northwestern College of Chiropractic in Bloomington, Minnesota. After completing his internship in at Como Chiropractic, he co-founded Specific Family Chiropractic in Maplewood in June of 1998. In the spring of 2001, Dr. Biernat opened his satellite office in Spring Lake Park, Minnesota. In 2004, he co-founded Spinal Decompression Of Minnesota to provide FDA cleared, non-surgical treatment of herniated and bulged discs. Dr. Biernat also has extensive training in human nutrition and has completed over 200 post doctorate hours in the study of this topic. He also has well over 300 hours of post graduate study has been performed in human biomechanics and musculoskeletal rehabilitation and is considered an expert in the area. |
Jesse Coats, DC, RPh, DAAPM, CCSPAbout: Dr. Jesse Coats is a graduate of Texas Chiropractic College where he has taught student doctors for 22 years as well as conducted private practice. He is additionally a Registered Pharmacist and has practiced community pharmacy for 33 years. Dr. Coats is a graduate of Southwestern Oklahoma State University where he earned a BS degree in biology. He went on to earn his BS degree in pharmaceutical science from the University of Houston. |
Bill Defoyd, MA, DCAbout: |
Kurt Juergens, DC, CCSPAbout: Dr. Kurt Juergens has been in private practice since 1989 and has had extensive post-graduate training in Sports Medicine. Dr. Juergens is a native Houstonian. He attended Brigham Young University for his undergraduate studies and then attended Texas Chiropractic College where he graduated Summa Cum Laude in 1988. In 1992, Dr. Juergens was selected to be a member of the United States Olympic Track and Field Trials Sports Medicine team. He has also served on the sports medicine teams for the NCAA Track & Field Championships, ATP's Tennis Masters Cup and U.S. Clay Court Championships. Dr. Juergens continues to treat high school, college, and professional athletes in a all fields from all over the world. Dr. Juergens lectures regularly for his profession on topics related to sports rehabilitation. |
Brad McKechnie, DC, DACANAbout: Dr. Brad McKechnie graduated from Texas Chiropractic College in 1985 and he went on to teach at the institution from 1985 to 1996 and in 1999. He was appointed as the Chiropractic Representative to the Texas Worker's Compensation Commission's Medical Advisory Committee from 1991 through 1994, and also served on the National Chiropractic Healthcare Advisory Committee to the Bill Clinton Administration in 1993 and 1994. Dr. McKechnie left TCC in 1996 to become the director of chiropractic services for a Houston-based chiropractic managed care organization. He received diplomate status in chiropractic neurology from the American Chiropractic Academy of Neurology in 1989, and he served as the President of the Academy from 1989 to 1991. Dr. McKechnie was also a member of the American Chiropractic Academy of Neurology's examining board, and he has served on the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners neuromusculoskeletal diagnosis examination committee. He is a fellow of the International Academy of Chiropractic Neurology and he is also a fellow of the International College of Chiropractors. In April 2014, Dr. McKechnie was named the Interim President of TCC. |
Michele Quattlebaum, JDAbout: Michele Quattlebaum is board certified in Personal Injury Trial Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. She has 28 years of trial experience in all areas of personal injury and products liability, including commercial trucking, construction, propane, premises liability (rape, murder, slip and fall) pest control, toxic tort, employment law, medical, chiropractic, hospital, dental, nursing home, and optometric malpractice. She has tried at least 100 cases to verdict in Texas, as well as Illinois, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida. She has also handled suits in many other states on a Pro Hac Vice basis. She is a member of the litigation and employment law sections of the Houston Bar Association, Texas Bar Association and the American Bar Association. She is admitted to practice in the United States District Courts for the Southern, Eastern and Western Districts of Texas, as well as the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas. She is a member of DRI, PLUS, and the Texas Association of Defense Counsel. |
Michael Ramcharan, DC, MPHAbout: Dr. Michael Ramcharan is the Assistant Dean of Academic Affairs for Technique, Therapeutic and Principles as well as Associate Professor in Clinical Sciences and Research. He earned his doctorate in chiropractic from Life University in Georgia and a Masters of Public Health from the University of Kansas School of Medicine and has over 10 years of evidence-based clinical practice experience. Dr. Ramcharan's research areas include public health policy, infection, cultural competency and research regarding skin cancer. Especially passionate in cancer prevention, Dr. Ramcharan is striving for his research to eventually enable chiropractors to also become primary cancer screens for the primary care doctor. |
Robert Routh, PhDAbout: Dr. Robert Routh earned both his MS and PhD from Louisiana State University-Health Science Center in Shreveport, La., after receiving his bachelor's from Southwest Texas State University. He went on to do postdoctoral work in nephrology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Prior to joining TCC as the Chair of the Department of Aatomy, Dr. Routh was a faculty member at the University of North Texas Health Science Center's Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy. |
David Schimp, DC, DACNB, DAAPMAbout: David Schimp is a 1991 magna cum laude graduate of Northwestern Health Science University. He completed his neurology diplomate at National University of Health Sciences in 1995 and became a diplomate of the American Academy of Pain Management in 1996. Dr. Schimp was previously an instructor of orthopedics and neurology at Palmer University and has taught clinical neurology in the International Chiropractic Association's pediatric, orthopedic and neurology diplomate programs. He has written articles in the field of clinical neurology that have appeared in the Journal of the American Chiropractic Association, Chiropractic Technique, Topics in Chiropractic and Chiropractic Economics. He is currently an Associate Professor and Attending Clinician at Texas Chiropractic College and is a member of the American Chiropractic Association. |
David Taylor, DC, DABCN, FIACNAbout: Graduate of University of Massachusetts, National University of Health Sciences. Residency at Logan College. Neurology Board Certified and Fellow. Past member of Massachusetts Chiropractic Board of Licensure, FCLB Practice Standards, Council of Chiropractic Guidelines and Practice Parameters, NBCE test evaluator. Published in numerous research and trade journals, Director of Multimed Center, Inc, President of Healthcare Review & Consulting, Inc., Impartial Examiner for Mass. Dept. of Industrial Accidents. Independent consultant for numerous IPA, legal, governmental and insurance firms. He has presented nationally and internationally on documentation and record keeping, evidence based practice, best practices, patient assessment, neurodiagnosis and other topics, including "Evidence-Based Practice & the Theoretical Basis of Maintenance Manipulative Care" at last year's Convention He enjoyed his interactions with the TCC community so much, he joined the faculty in spring 2014. |
Larry Wyatt, DC, DACBR, FICCTopic: Chiropractic Radiologic Technology (Rad Tech Program Only) |


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I saw this quote today from Wanda Sykes and I just had to post it!
"I'm a black, gay woman. I think the only way to make the GOP hate me more is if I sent them a video of me rolling around on a pile of welfare checks."
For those of you who don't know, Wanda Sykes is a gay comedian that came out publicly a few years ago. I've liked her a lot for a long time and of course I respect and appreciate her more now that's she's out and proud. You can click on the link below to read more about Wanda and find a link to her official website.


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Keurig brewer users have one more item on the market that allows them to use their own coffee, the DisposaKup. DisposaKup was created in order to satisfy two needs for k cup users: the freedom to use any coffee they would like and to have a mess free clean-up. There are other products on the market that allow k cup users to use their own coffee, but most require some work and can get messy. DisposaKup is along the same lines as a paper plate; it serves its purpose and can be tossed. It's as simple as that.
In the following sections you will find a product description, tips and hints on product use, as well as, product review highlights that will give the most common likes and dislikes of the DisposaKup.
What Exactly is a DisposaKup?
DisposaKups are made of plastic and each unit consists of a cup, paper filter and lid. To use you simply insert a paper filter into the cup, spoon your coffee of choice into the cup, and snap on the lid. Presto! After about 10 seconds of work, you now have a k cup that is loaded up and ready to brew. When brewing is done, simply remove the DisposaKup and toss it into the garbage.
See For Yourself
Read Reviews / View or Buy DisposaKup
Any Helpful Tips on Using a DisposaKup?
- Be sure to remove the cup after you brew. Some folks say that if you leave it in overnight that it becomes difficult to get it out.
- Be sure to snap the lid on tight or you will get a mess.
- Also, be sure that the paper filter is folded over the top edge of the cup when you snap on the lid. (As shown in the above video). If you don't get this right, the filter can fold down into the cup and you will have coffee grounds in your coffee.
Most Helpful Review Pros:
- The easy clean-up. It is just as easy as using a k cup, only you got to use your own grounds.
- The ability to put in the amount of coffee that you prefer, allowing you the freedom to tweak your coffee to the strength that you like best.
- You can even use the lids to reuse a spent k cup, but a helpful tip when doing this is to line up the hole already in the bottom of the k cup from its first use so that it will be where the cup is punctured again. This keeps the k cup from having two holes in the bottom and helps prevent leaking.
- Many love the cost savings of being able to use their own coffee, and stated that even though they had to purchase this product and pay shipping charges it still reduced the expense of their coffee per cup.
Most Helpful Review Gripes:
- Some had issues with water leaking, but did state that they had tried to use the lids more than once.
- Some that tried this liked the idea of being able to use their own coffee, but when it came down to throwing away the plastic cups each they preferred a more environmental option.
Is DisposaKup Right For Me?
Currently, you can get a package of 50 DisposaKups on Amazon.com for approximately $17.98 including shipping which comes out to around 35 cents per cup. You can also find them for sale on DisposaKups.com where a package of 50 sells for approximately $16.94 which comes out to around 33 cents per cup. You will need to do some math to figure out how much each DisposaKup filled with the coffee of your choice is going to cost you. For an example of figuring this out see the article Cheap K Cups: Reusable My K-Cup and scroll down to the section 'How Much Money am I Saving By Using the My K Cup?' which describes in detail an example of figuring out the cost per cup from a bag of coffee. Once you have done the math, you can compare the cost with a pre-filled off the shelf k cup, and determine if the cost is less or in fact more expensive. If it is more expensive, you will have to decide if using your own coffee is worth the extra cost.
The DisposaKup is one product among many on the market today that seeks to allow k cup users to use their own coffee. The way it differs from the others is that it is meant to be disposed of, just like a k cup. It is designed for those who like the convenience and easy clean-up using a Keurig k cup brewer. Some may see this as an answer to their prayers, and others may be uncomfortable with the environmental waste factor involved with throwing away plastic every time you brew. That choice will be a personal preference and totally up to you. The DisposaKup disposable k cup receives rave reviews from those who have tried it and is worth a try if you are not looking for the most ecological solution out there.


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This is 'off-topic', but I feel it is important enough to break this now-irrelevant news. I have a solution to the issue about the mosque near 'Ground Zero'.
I think that large signs should be erected on the site of the World Trade Center (Ground Zero). The signs should bear an arrow pointing in the direction of the proposed Islamic Center and should give explicit directions to the Center. The words: "This way to the new building of the perpetrators of this cowardly and unwarranted act of terror."
Freedom of speech is freedom of speech.


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The social organization of adult blue tangs, Acanthurus coeruleus, on a fringing reef, Barbados, West Indies
- Ingrid Morgan,
- Donald Kramer
- … show all 2 hide
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Blue tangs in Barbados exhibit three distinct social modes: territorial, schooling and wandering. We compared the mobility, foraging, aggression performed and received and the use of cleaning stations of adult blue tangs among modes and among habitats within a single fringing reef in Barbados. Evidence from observed switches during focal observations and multiple observations of tagged individuals indicate that fish are either territorial or non-territorial. Non-territorial fish formed schools and wandered. However, wandering can be used during solitary movements by fish in either type. Fish in the territorial mode, not previously described in adults of this species, restricted activity to a small area overlapping the territories of other tangs. They actively chased conspecifics and were chased mostly by damselfishes. They swam more slowly and fed at higher rates than other modes. Fish in the schooling mode ranged widely in compact, polarized groups of conspecifics, congeners and other species. They were not aggressive and were attacked mostly by damselfishes. They swam rapidly and fed at intermediate rates. Fish in the wanderer mode showed neither aggression nor association with other individuals. They swam rapidly, well above the substrate, fed little, were chased by conspecifics, ocean surgeonfish, A. bahianus, and damselfish and visited cleaning stations more often then other modes. All three modes were observed in all four main zones of the reef, and their behaviour changed quantitatively with habitat type. We suggest that territoriality reduces competition for algal food, schooling allows fish to overcome the food defence by damselfish, tangs and ocean surgeonfish, and wandering permits solitary movement over the reef to cleaning stations, feeding sites and other resources.
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- Title
- The social organization of adult blue tangs, Acanthurus coeruleus, on a fringing reef, Barbados, West Indies
- Journal
Environmental Biology of Fishes
Volume 71, Issue 3 , pp 261-273
- Cover Date
- 2004-11-01
- 10.1007/s10641-004-0299-0
- Print ISSN
- 0378-1909
- Online ISSN
- 1573-5133
- Publisher
- Kluwer Academic Publishers
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Acanthuridae
- intraspecific variation
- school
- surgeonfish
- territory
- Authors
- Ingrid Morgan (1)
- Donald Kramer (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205, Avenue Docteur Penfield, Quebec, Canada


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Photo: Vespa/WireImage


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A 'market place' has been launched by London's VIRTUS Data Centres, which will allow its customers to showcase their services and increase transparency of their offerings.
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Earlier this month, CBR spoke to Claranet's corporate development director who said that cloud service providers need to up their game when it comes to being transparent with their customers.
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