text:
MSP430 Development with Linux
Flashing LEDs get boring pretty quickly. Once you get the bugs worked out of your blinking LED, you probably are going to want to design a custom PC board with interfaces to the outside world. One of my projects is a one-wire lock controller with an RS232 interface that uses Dallas Semiconductor iButtons for access control.
For this project, I chose one of the smallest of the family, the MSP430F1101 with 1KB of Flash and 128 bytes of RAM. It uses a pair of transistors to switch a DC motor on and off and a MAX3221 for serial communications with a PC. The C code to control the lock just barely fits into the 1K Flash space of the '1101. A low dropout voltage regulator is used to power the board and provide a clean reset to the processor. I drew the schematic and designed the board using Eagle CAD Lite under Linux. Eagle has several versions of its schematic and PCB auto-router, including a free version for noncommercial use:
Free for noncommercial use.
Board size limited to 3.2"x4" and two layers.
One schematic sheet.
Lite version for $49 US with same limitations as the free version.
Standard version for $600 US.
Pro versions for $1,200 US.
Linux, Windows and Mac versions are available
Eagle CAD is easy to get started with, low cost and very powerful. A user scripting language allows you to add features and customize the program to fit your needs. User support for Eagle is very strong, and the Web site has an extensive collection of user-created libraries.
The Eagle auto-router supports advanced features like back-annotation, keepout areas, design rules checks and one of my favorites—flood fill with thermal relief. If you have ever tried to solder a pin surrounded by a large ground plane, you will appreciate the advantage of thermal relief on power pins. Without it the ground plane acts like a large heat-sink and solder won't stick. All levels of the PCB and Schematic editor support the concept of back (and forward) annotation. You can make changes on the PCB, and they will be reflected on the schematic and updates made to the schematic are reflected on the PCB.
After designing a PC board, you actually need to make one. You can etch your own, but it is difficult to match the quality of even the least-expensive board manufacturers. Some manufacturers will accept Eagle PCB files directly, which saves you the step of converting the design to the Gerber format. The Gerber format is a lot like an old pen plotter, it tells PCB etching equipment where to draw the trace and how large a line to draw. Most PCB manufacturers still require Gerber files, so Eagle includes a script to output the necessary Gerber files.
One difficulty in dealing with Gerber files is that although Eagle can export the PCB in the correct format, it has no way to view the output to verify it was converted correctly. Linux has needed a good Gerber viewer for years, but it has been available only with recent releases of the gerbv program. It isn't as intuitive as I would like, but it does function well enough to display the Gerber files so that you can check the final output before sending it off to have 1000 of your latest widget design created.
I have used four different PCB manufacturers myself. Their prices and features vary, but customer service and quality from all four have been excellent. Olimex and PCB Pool both accept Eagle CAD files directly, with no need for conversion to Gerber. Olimex is in Bulgaria, and turn-around time can be up to three weeks, but prices are excellent. PCB Pool is in Ireland and has quick turn-around or longer turn-around times, depending on price (as do most). I used PCB Pool for the one-wire Wi-Fi boards (Figure 6).
AP Circuits is in Canada and has very good prices and very fast turn-around. The bare one-wire lock boards were ordered on a Saturday, and I received them on Wednesday. I ordered them with no silkscreen or solder mask in order to keep the price low. For production, I used E-Teknet for my DT-1A temperature sensor boards with excellent results.
The MSP430 is a fun and easy-to-use processor; its wide range of features and access to free development tools and low-cost JTAG hardware make this processor a good choice for both the hobbyist and the professional developer. Using the GNU gcc toolchain reduces the learning curve and allows you to use the same tools for developing code on the MSP430 that you would use for Linux projects. My set of development tools includes make, gcc, gdb and joe.
Resources for this article: /article/8697.
Brian C. Lane lives in Port Orchard, Washington, with his wife and son, who is a huge Tux Racer fan. He serves as Webmaster For Life for the Kitsap Peninsula Linux User Group and writes Linux apps in his spare time.
naken430asm msp430
naken430asm msp430 assembler/disassembler:
naken430asm msp430
naken430asm msp430 assembler/disassembler:
MSP430 programmer
Dear sir/madam
I am student of electronic sc. I want to develope systems using MSP430 but I donot have development board for it I know technique for PCB fabrication If you provide me layout for it so I can start working on it.
Thank you
You should put this on TI's MSP430 site
Go to www.designmsp430.com. They have tons of msp430 apps available for download!
MSP430 Dev just got a lot easier and cheaper
Nice article Brian but I just wanted to let everyone know that TI has a MSP430F2013 dev setup for $20 and it works with the msp430-dgbproxy. It's call the EZ430 and you can even get 3 extra msp4302012 boards for $10, also from TI.
Now the real 'goody' is that you can get Eclipse using standard packaging software in Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Edubuntu along with the CDT but it's an older CDT so I had to get v3.1.1 in .deb format elsewhere. I was also able to build the mspgcc tools, get the gdbproxy 'seeing' the USB based EZ430 and coding/debugging from within Eclipse.
Pretty awesome. I'll be putting together some online pages to help anybody through this and will post the link ASAP.
Oh, supposedly, the MSP430-JTAG-UIF adapter works the same as the EZ430 adapter since they both have the same USB ID. The difference is the EZ430 uses the 4 wire spy-bi-wire interface and not the full JTAG interface. This does mean that a good number of other MSP430 chips can also be developed and debugged with the $20 EZ430 setup with the right wires/pins connected.
ez430 doc
Hi there. Did you ever put up a tutorial for the ez430 and linux? im working in circles trying to get the two work together.
ez430 doc
Hi Wernher,
please have a look at this resources:
(Thanks to Friedrich Lobenstock)
I 've got it work on a openSuse 10.2 (32Bit) System. If you use the build.sh, it should install from sources for another distribution too.
To avoid a lot of errors download the complete "downloads" dir to your install directory before you start. There are also a few problems with the pathes in build.sh - you should solve them.
Good luck,
help help help
neeed desperate help!
i am a first time user of gcc and am trying to work out things for a project. howeve a silly thing frustrates me. can anyone tell me how one can read or retrieve data from the keyboard using gcc?? i am finding it difficlut using scanf or even commands like getchar, which my system doesnt recognise? are there any other ways??
msp430 and Linux 10 64bit
I'am trying a solution of the cdk-msp under linux 10 64bit since 3 days now and it is making me crazy.
I cann't use the src.rpm (error: Legacy syntax is unsupported: copyright).
My problem is to get the connection to the JTAG Interface with the msp430-jtag or the msp430-dbgproxy.
Can someone help me plz.
64 Bit MSP
Were you ever able to get 64Bit MSP430 to work?
Eagle, PCB Fabrication
The Eagle website www.cadsoftusa.com has links to several PCB suppliers that can and will work directly from Eagle .brd files. I have used these services for several years and have obtained very good results at a low cost. The company I have done the most with CustomPCB seeems to prefer working with the brd file and provides a rules file for design check prior to sending the file.
This saves the extra steps of converting to Gerber and then trying to see if it is correct.
excellent article
I look forward to LJ every month, and with few exceptions read every article. The quality and caliber is uniformly high.
This particular article, however, got positively dog-eared from being re-read a half dozen times. It rekindled a lost love of micros and tinkering. I had flashbacks of when Ciarcia wrote Circuit Celler articles for BYTE many years back (yep, I know about Circuit Cellar Ink, but I'm basically a sotfware guy with a hardware itch, and most of those articles are lost on me).
I would love to see more articles along this line, perhaps expanding on the board layout & etching process eluded to at the tail end of the article. I have etched boards before at home; it's a pain. Clearly there are better ways available now.
Curious how one goes about installing surface mount chips, since it looks like the MSP430 are all surface mount - no bugs with legs for tinkerers!
I make a lot of my own PCBs
I make a lot of my own PCBs at home, and don't have any problems soldering chips like the MSP430 - plenty of light, magnification and a good soldering iron (I use Metcal equipment) are essential.
Using MSP-430 USB debug interface
Hi all,
I want to know whether we could work out programming and debugging msp430 using the MSP430-USB-Debug-Interface. I have MSPGCC's latest version. I tried download using msp430-jtag -e filename.elf but is don't seem to be working. I found very few explations about using USB interface for MSP430 on net.
Sameer S. Upasani
India, Pune
Using MSP430 - eZ430 on ubuntu / linux?
I would like to know if there is way to use the eZ430 USB stick on linux specifically on ubuntu! Any info in this regard will be of great help :-)
Thanks and regards,
Ez430 Linux USB Driver FIX!
After two days of searching the net, I finally found the fix we've been waiting for.
First, I made fetched ti_usb_3410_5052 v1.1 driver, hoping that would fix it (v0.9 is in the latest kernel for some reason.) After an hour of fixing it to compile with my ubuntu kernel, I was back to square one with this error (v1.1 just adds some product ids, doesn't seem to add any other functionality.)
[462913.996000] drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.c: USB Serial support registered for TI USB 3410 1 port adapter
[462914.000000] drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.c: USB Serial support registered for TI USB 5052 2 port adapter
[462914.000000] ti_usb_3410_5052 3-4:1.0: TI USB 3410 1 port adapter converter detected
[462914.000000] /home/tom/tars/ti_usb_2.6-1.1/src/ti_usb_3410_5052.c: ti_startup - product 0xF430, num configurations 1, configuration value 1
[462914.000000] /home/tom/tars/ti_usb_2.6-1.1/src/ti_usb_3410_5052.c: ti_startup - device type is 3410
[462914.000000] /home/tom/tars/ti_usb_2.6-1.1/src/ti_usb_3410_5052.c: ti_download_firmware - downloading firmware
[462914.532000] /home/tom/tars/ti_usb_2.6-1.1/src/ti_usb_3410_5052.c: ti_download_firmware - download successful
[462914.812000] usb 3-4: reset full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 58
[462915.020000] usb 3-4: device firmware changed
[462915.020000] usb 3-4: USB disconnect, address 58
[462915.020000] ti_usb_3410_5052: probe of 3-4:1.0 failed with error -5
That was the original error. Essentially, it is a bug in driver. After looking at 5+ patches, I ran across one by Oleg V.
It is also right here.
Quoting Oleg Verych <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
> pp-by: Oleg Verych
> ---
> i.e. no more uGLYdev with sysfs
> Alan, i'm looking forward to deal with this crutch :-E
> drivers/usb/serial/ti_usb_3410_5052.c | 6 +++---
> 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> Index: linux-2.6.21-rc1/drivers/usb/serial/ti_usb_3410_5052.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux-2.6.21-rc1.orig/drivers/usb/serial/ti_usb_3410_5052.c
> 2007-02-23
> 05:03:57.691537658 +0100
> +++ linux-2.6.21-rc1/drivers/usb/serial/ti_usb_3410_5052.c 2007-02-23
> 05:22:22.766512292 +0100
> @@ -389,13 +389,13 @@
> usb_reset_device(dev);
> }
> - status = -ENODEV;
> + status = 0x01E; /* positive status -- device to be reconfigured
> */
> goto free_tdev;
> }
> - /* the second configuration must be set (in sysfs by hotplug script) */
> if (dev->actconfig->desc.bConfigurationValue == TI_BOOT_CONFIG) {
> - status = -ENODEV;
> + (void) usb_driver_set_configuration(dev, TI_ACTIVE_CONFIG);
> + status = 0xA1B;
> goto free_tdev;
> }
> --
So all you have to do, is download your kernel sources, and apply this patch. Now if yoti_usb_3410_5052ur kernel version is < 2.6.16 or so, you will also have to add in the PRODUCT_ids for the Ez430 device. I suggest you upgrade your kernel, since the product id fix is in kernels >~ 2.6.16 or so.
I applied the patch by hand, to the /usr/src/linux-source---/drivers/usb/serial/ti_usb_3410_5052.c file.
recompile.... And viola, it works! if I modprobe it before or after the device is inserted, no hotplug script needed!
Here is the working dmesg dump
[464233.560000] drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.c: USB Serial support registered for TI USB 3410 1 port adapter
[464233.560000] drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.c: USB Serial support registered for TI USB 5052 2 port adapter
[464233.564000] usbcore: registered new interface driver ti_usb_3410_5052
[464233.564000] /home/tom/tars/ti_usb_2.6-1.1/src/ti_usb_3410_5052.c: TI USB 3410/5052 Serial Driver v1.1
[464241.468000] ti_usb_3410_5052 3-4:2.0: TI USB 3410 1 port adapter converter detected
[464241.468000] usb 3-4: TI USB 3410 1 port adapter converter now attached to ttyUSB0
So in conclusion, apply patch to a newer kernel, and enjoy. I'm glad I devoted my time into fixing this stupid problem once and for all.
--Tom Golubev
TI MSP-30 USB interface
Dear Sameer:
I'm very interested in that issue. I wonder whether you got any
responses to you enquiry, or in any event found some information on how to interface the MSP430 USB development kit to Linux. I would like to
drive the development (assembly/running/debugging from a Python environment.
Many thanks
By reviewing your articles I found out that the quality is very high. I take a lot of advantages from the articles for my work. Thank you to the linux-team and all the comments.
Bodo Michalski from Germany
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text:
Strumenti di accessibilità
Strumenti di servizio
Selettore lingua
Percorso di navigazione
The Youth Guarantee is a new approach to tackling youth unemployment which ensures that all young people under 25 – whether registered with employment services or not – get a good-quality, concrete offer within 4 months of them leaving formal education or becoming unemployed.
In April 2014, the European Commission proposed the creation of a European Platform to improve cooperation at EU level in prevention and deterrence of undeclared work.
Mercedes and Daniel are two Spanish nurses with a short professional experience.
How to improve the quality of traineeships in the EU? Trainees from inside and outside the European institutions met on 25 January in Brussels to discuss ways to improve the quality of traineeships in Europe.
La garanzia per i giovani si propone di ridurre la disoccupazione giovanile garantendo a ogni giovane di età inferiore ai 25 anni un'offerta di qualità relativamente a occupazione, istruzione continua, apprendistato o tirocinio entro quattro mesi dal termine della scuola o dall'inizio della disoccupazione.
European Job Days are dynamic recruitment events that bring jobseekers and employers together.
"Il tuo primo lavoro EURES" è un programma mirato di mobilità volto a migliorare le opportunità di lavoro per i giovani sul mercato europeo e a incoraggiare i datori di lavoro a colmare i posti vacanti che causano strozzature con forza lavoro giovane e mobile.
This initiative is how the Commission will help the EU reach its employment target for 2020: 75% of the working-age population (20-64 years) in work.
Restructuring, relocation and outsourcing have consequences on employment and working conditions.
"Which country is responsible for my social security coverage?" clip explains the EU rules wich determine which country is responsible for the social security coverage of a person working in another EU country.
In this ever changing world, new kinds of jobs emerge every day.
Your First Job Abroad is an initiative designed to publicise how much more easily workers can move within Europe with the right help and advice from EURES, the European Jobs Network.
A new flagship initiative aimed at helping young people to gain the knowledge, skills and experience they need to make their first job a reality.
The G20 has a crucial role to play.
Conciliare lavoro, famiglia e vita privata costituisce una sfida quotidiana per milioni di europei, uomini e donne.
Ogni anno, i team di EURES nell'Unione europea organizzano centinaia di "giornate europee del lavoro" (European Job Days), il luogo ideale per assumere personale, incontrare datori di lavoro, discutere dei propri programmi con un consulente EURES o reperire ulteriori informazioni sull'assistenza offerta dall'UE.
One of the key features of the EU's response to the current economic crisis is to emphasise the job-creating potential of the green economy, both as part of the European Recovery Plan and the European Commission's proposals to tackle climate change.
The Mission has visited a number of Member States and discussed with them how they have been developing and implementing their flexicurity pathways at the national level.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
App Description
ScoreKeeper Netball is the easiest way to keep score of a Netball Game.Easy to use interface and game history log enable you to keep details of all games played.
Simply enter the Team Names, game date and you are ready to score. Once the game is finished, results will be saved to the Game History Log which you can access via the main menu and review all games saved.
App Changes
January 29, 2014 Price Decrease: $1.99 -> $0.99
October 12, 2013 Price Decrease: $1.99 -> FREE!
June 16, 2013 Price Decrease: $1.99 -> $0.99
June 07, 2013 Initial Release


text:
Near Threatened |
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Chinese:
Quan Yuan Da Su Tie
Common Names in English:
Coontie, Coontie (Seminole), Florida Arrowroot, Koonti, Seminole Bread (Usa), Smooth Zamia
Family Zamiaceae
superficially palmlike or fernlike, perennial
, evergreen
, dioecious. Stems subterranean
with exposed apex or aboveground, fleshy
, stout, cylindric
, simple
or irregularly branched. Roots
with small secondary roots; coral-like roots developing at base
of stem at or below soil surface. Leaves pinnately compound
, spirally clustered at stem apex, leathery, petiole
and rachis unarmed
[with stout spines]; leaflets
entire or dentate
], venation
dichotomous [netted
]; resin canals absent. Cones axillary
, appearing terminal
, short-peduncled [sessile], disintegrating at maturity; sporophylls densely crowded, spirally arranged
, often covered with indument
. Pollen cones soon shed, generally smaller and more numerous
than seed cones; sporophylls bearing many crowded, small microsporangia (pollen sacs
) adaxially; pollen spheric, not winged
. Seed cones persistent
for a year or more, 1(--2) per plant, nearly globose
to ovoid
, tapering sharply or blunt
at apex; sporophylls peltate, thickened and laterally expanded distally, bearing 2(--3) ovules. Seeds angular, inner coat
hardened, outer coat fleshy, often brightly colored
; cotyledons 2.
Genera 9, species ca.
100 (1 genus, 1 species in the flora
) : primarily tropical
to warm temperate regions
, North Americ, Central America, South America, Africa, Australia.[1]
Genus Zamia
Stems often branched, subterranean
to aboveground. Leaves broadly oblong-elliptic; leaflets
entire to coarsely dentate
, without midribs
, venation
dichotomous but appearing parallel. Cones distinctly peduncled. Pollen cones more slender than seed cones. x
= 8.
Species ca.
30: subtropics and tropics, North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America.[2]
Physical Description
Species Zamia integrifolia
Stem subterranean
, or leaf-bearing apex exposed. Leaves 2--10 dm;
; leaflets
6--17 cm × 2--18 mm, linear
, often twisted,
very stiff, dark glossy green, 7--23-veined; margins
often revolute
entire or with small teeth to slight denticulations near apex. Pollen
cones generally 2--5 per plant, narrowly cylindric
, 5--16 cm, tapering
slightly at apex. Seed cones cylindric-ellipsoid, 5--19 cm, blunt
at apex; ovules 2 per sporophyll. Seeds drupelike, oblong
to ovoid
somewhat angular, 1.5--2 cm, outer coat
bright orange. 2 n = 16.Period
of receptivity and maturation
of seeds December--March. [source]
Controversy has long existed over the classification of Zamia
in Florida. Recent researchers, however, have concluded that only
one species is present in the flora
. The several binomials applied
to our Zamia reflect variability in plant vigor, leaf shape
leaflet width, number of marginal
teeth and veins per leaflet, and
geographic distribution. Forms with wide leaflets---" Zamia umbrosa
"---are restricted
to coastal hammocks
of northeastern Florida and
southeastern Georgia and appear to be quite distinct
from plants
of the remainder of Florida--- Z. integrifolia and " Z.
floridana." Especially robust
forms have been described as "
Zamia silvicola." Studies by D. B
. Ward (n.d.) indicate that
these features have a genetic basis, but formal recognition of these
different phases
as species does not lead
to better understanding
of the complex
. The variants
in Florida may have originated from
introductions of divergent forms of Zamia from elsewhere.
The starchy stems, after treatment to remove a poisonous principle,
were a significant part of aboriginal diets
, and the plants were
presumably dispersed by aborigines. [source]
Zamia angustifolia Jacquin, a species thought to be restricted
to the Bahamas and eastern Cuba, was reported in southern Florida
by J. K
. Small (1933). No voucher specimens were cited or are known
to exist. Small also reported Zamia pumila Linnaeus from Florida,
although erroneously. [source]
Flowers: Flower Color: inconspicuous, none
Size: 36-48" tall.
Hammocks , pine-oak woodlands, scrub , and shell mounds; 0--30 m (Ref. 111029).
Biome: Terrestrial [3].
of Z. integrifolia vary from open coastal areas
and sand dunes to pinelands and closed
oak hammocks
to tropical
. This cycad is most commonly found in soil over limestone
and in sand near sea level or in dry pinelands subjected to periodic
List of Habitats:
- 1 Forest
- 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry [more info]
Culture: Space 3-6" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
- Domain:
- Chatton, 1925
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Cycads
- Subphylum:
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997, nom. inval.
- Infraphylum:
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
- Novák ex Takht. (1967)
- Subclass:
- Pax, in K.A.E. Prantl, 1894
- Order:
- Pers. ex Bercht. & J. Presl, 1820
- Family:
- Horaninow, 1834
- Sago-palm Family
- Tribe:
- Genus:
- C. Linnaeus, 1763, nom. cons.
- [Derivation equivocal, perhaps from misreading of Latin azania, a kind of pine cone, or from Latin zamia, loss, from the "sterile appearance" of the pollen cones]
- Specific epithet:
- L.f.
- Botanical name: - Zamia integrifolia L.f.
- Specific epithet:
- L.f.
- Genus:
- C. Linnaeus, 1763, nom. cons.
- [Derivation equivocal, perhaps from misreading of Latin azania, a kind of pine cone, or from Latin zamia, loss, from the "sterile appearance" of the pollen cones]
- Tribe:
- Family:
- Horaninow, 1834
- Sago-palm Family
- Order:
- Pers. ex Bercht. & J. Presl, 1820
- Subclass:
- Pax, in K.A.E. Prantl, 1894
- Class:
- Novák ex Takht. (1967)
- Infraphylum:
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum:
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997, nom. inval.
- Phylum:
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Cycads
- Subkingdom:
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Kingdom:
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
Zamia floridana • Zamia floridana A. de Candolle • Zamia media • Zamia silvicola • Zamia silvicola Small • Zamia tenuis • Zamia umbrosa • Zamia umbrosa Small
Status: Accepted Name
Last scrutiny: 2004
Similar Species
Members of the genus Zamia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 29 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
Z. acuminata (Nicaragua Palm) · Z. amplifolia (Zamia) · Z. angustifolia (Zamia) · Z. dressleri (Zamia) · Z. encephalartoides (Zamia) · Z. fairchildiana (Palma De Pegamento) · Z. fischeri (Cycad) · Z. floridana 'Auero-variegated' (Coontie) · Z. floridanus (Coontie) · Z. furfuracea (Cardboard Palm) · Z. herrerae (Zamia) · Z. inermis (Cycad) · Z. integrifolia (Coontie) · Z. loddigesii (Zamia) · Z. manicata (Zamia) · Z. poeppigiana (Zamia) · Z. polymorpha (Zamia) · Z. portoricensis (Zamia) · Z. prasina (Zamia) · Z. pseudomonticola (Zamia) · Z. pseudoparasitica (Zamia) · Z. pumila (Arrow-Root) · Z. skinneri (Zamia) · Z. soconuscensis (Zamia) · Z. spartea (Zamia) · Z. standleyi (Camotillo) · Z. vasquezii (Cycad) · Z. vazquezii (Little Chamal (N?h.chamalillo)) · Z. verschaffeltii (Zamia)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A Manual of botany: being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants / Edinburgh: A. and C. Black, 1875. url .
- A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings; by the Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & co., ltd., 1892. url , p. 557, p. 558.
- A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 120, p. 264.
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- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5952285
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-454797
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13691572
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297309-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 42168
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1170177-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1036237
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Andrea Berry, Director of Partnerships and Learning, oversees Idealware's fundraising and training activities including the Field Guide to Nonprofit Software, sponsorship, corporate and individual giving, grants management and online seminars. Prior to joining Idealware, Andrea held fundraising positions in education, health research and museums and has taught math, performing arts and history in traditional and non-traditional educational settings. She brings a breadth of experience with fundraising software, particularly as it relates to small nonprofits, and has worked as a consultant with nonprofits across New England to help identify appropriate donor management software. Additionally, as a former teacher, Andrea brings front-line tested expertise in curriculum development and training.
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Trojan UVMax systems are a simple to install and operate point-of-use UV disinfection system for your water supply. Popular for most residential applications, RV's, Boats. Available in a range of flow rates from 3-45 GPM. No-tools maintenance and only consumes a max power equal to 2ea 60 watt light bulbs on the E4 and F4 models.
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Installation Diagrams and Guides


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The Expert View: Royal Mail, IG Group and Beazley
Our daily roundup of the best analyst commentary on shares, also including Premier Oil and UBM.
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Espirito neutral on Royal Mail after weak first quarter
Espirito Santo Investment Bank has started coverage of Royal Mail Group (RMG) with a 'neutral' rating and 'fair value' share price target of 505p.
Analyst Alex Paterson said competition in parcel delivery had hit first quarter revenues. Improvements in UK letter volumes and revenue were offset by just 1% volume growth in parcels as the business struggled to compete with 'severe price competition'.
'The UK parcels market is extremely competitive and Royal Mail comments that other operators are pricing aggressively to full increasing capacity,' said Paterson. 'Royal Mail also comments that exports have been impacted by the strength of sterling and June trading was generally weak due to a slowdown in the retail sector.
'Volumes are expected…to improve slightly as the comparisons become easier due to the delayed consumer response to changes in prices and sizes in 2013.'
The shares closed 11.3p or 2.4% down yesterday at 454.7p.
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Liberum lukewarm as IG Group lifts payout
Shares in IG Group (IGG) jumped nearly 8% yesterday after the spread betting company posted better-than-expected full-year profits and said it would pay more of its earnings to shareholders.
Liberum analyst Cormac Leech was unconvinced, however, retaining a 'hold' and 650p target price on the shares.
'Full-year profits before tax of £195 million was 1% better than expected however this was cost-driven, with revenues dipping towards the end of the last quarter,' he said, adding that revenue downgrades 'look likely'.
'More positively the final dividend was better than expected at 28p (vs expected 24p) implying a full-year dividend yield of 4.9%. Management now target a 70% payout ratio going forward. This may raise concerns that management see little growth potential for the business in the near term. Look to sell in rallies,' he said.
The shares closed 44.5p higher at 619.5p, close to the level at which they started the year.
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Peel Hunt applauds 'faultless' Beazley
Specialist insurer Beazley (BEZG) has pleased Peel Hunt analyst Mark Williamson with a good set of half-year results and solid underwriting.
Williamson retained his 'buy' recommendation and 210p share price target price following a 61% rise in first half profits thanks to increased investment income and a fall in payouts for large catastrophe.
'Consistency of underwriting return and above-average investment gearing translate to premium shareholder returns, and this has been seen in H1, with the group delivering a 17% return on net tangible assets,' he said.
'In recent years Beazley had struggled to achieve much more than a 1% investment return; following changes to the investment management contract with Falcon there are now signs of tangible improvement, and it is hard to fault the business on any front.'
The shares gained 11p, or 4.4%, to 260p.
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Panmure downgrades UBM to 'sell' as future looks unclear
Panmure Gordon analyst Jonathan Helliwell downgraded United Business Media (UBM) from 'buy' to 'sell' and slashed his target price for shares in the media and communications company from 940p to 590p. Shares were trading at 644p yesterday.
He believes the firm's new chief executive Tim Cobbold should take two courses of action: 'cut the dividend and sell PRNewswire, leaving UBM as a high growth pure global events business', using the money from the sale to invest in the events business.
While he notes this could hurt the stock in the near term, 'we also argue that consensus estimates look c.11% too high reflecting FX pressures and near term constraints in events'.
'A dividend cut would take away any yield support,' he said. 'A sale of PRNewswire could be significantly earnings per share-dilutive in the near term…and introduces significant execution risk both on the sale and reinvestment.'
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Numis downgrades Premier Oil after disposals
Numis Securities has downgraded Premier Oil (PMO) for a second time following the negative impact of recent asset sales. Numis analyst Sanjeev Bahl cut his recommendation from 'add' to 'hold' after recently reducing it from 'buy' to 'add' but maintained a target price of 351p.
He noted the sale of asset disposals including 'first gas' supply to Indonesia, the sale of North Sea production and the Scott/Telford/Rochelle production fields.
'Our more conservative valuation approach means that Premier trades closer to the peer group average at 0.93X net asset value,' he said. 'We recently downgraded our recommendation from 'buy' to 'add' after strong relative share price performance, this now moves to 'hold'.'
The shares added 1.4p to 326.7p. They are up 4% this year.


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Traditional Values and High-Quality Service from your Locally Based Vets
House & Jackson have been caring for animals in Essex for over 30 years, investing in people, equipment and facilties. We provide you and your animal with the service you deserve.
We are a locally based partnership. All five partners are qualified vets and work in the clinics on a daily basis. They share the management of the practice to ensure that we provide the highest standards of care for our patients. There are 7 other veterinary surgeons and around 30 other staff members.
Some of our vets work with both horse and small animal species, while others specialise in their chosen area. We feel we are small enough to care personally for your animals and get to know your needs, while we are large enough to cope with the wide range of medical and surgical problems that are brought under our care.
Small Animal veterinary practices, in particular, are increasingly owned and operated by large corporate businesses. This is not how we work.
Your animals are important to you and to us. Whether a guinea pig, a dog or a horse, our dedication and skill will provide the best treatment using cutting-edge methods, but not forgetting patience and a genuine love of animals so that your animal recovers quickly.
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The Horse Clinic at Blackmore
Our Equine Clinic is based at Blackmore where we have the facilities to perform a
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The Pet Clinics at Blackmore, Billericay and Writtle
The right care is crucial
Every animal needs individual care. Many animal lovers find this a challenge, but there's no need to worry. Proper care is easy when you know how. Just ask us. We shall be happy to advise you.
We have Pet Clinics at Blackmore, Billericay and Writtle.
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We are proud to say that at House & Jackson we still provide OUR OWN EMERGENCY SERVICE. Unlike many practices in our area we do not pass our emergency work on to outside providers.
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If your animal needs help urgently out of hours, please phone our normal daytime telephone numbers to be put in contact with one of our vets.


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Here you will find all the latest news and resources relating to the C-MAR Group.
On the evening of the 9th October 2014 a reception was held at Singapore Cricket Club to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the founding of the C-MAR Group on 3rd October 1989.
We are very pleased to announce that we have won an exclusive 3 year contract to provide DP consultancy services to Bourbon Offshore to provide FMEA and annual audits to their entire DP Fleet.
C-MAR Brazil has been invited to provide the team to conduct a Blow Out Preventer (BOP) strip down for Transocean in Brazil.
To further illustrate successes in the C-MAR Group the Marine team in the office in Aberdeen has been getting increasingly busy over recent months and the ad-hoc job enquiry rate and volume has increased significantly in the last 6 weeks.
In July 2014 C-MAR Services UK and C-MAR America were awarded registration for ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.


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Mark Sanford wins Republican Primary
Submitted by frionelhero on Wed, 04/03/2013 - 00:46His voting record in Congress and his record as Governor of the State of South Carolina is very liberty oriented. I remember him getting a lot of press and attention for a potential presidential run before his affair. The Southern Avenger used to talk about him a lot too. He also defended Ron Paul against attacks from Lindsey Graham.
Since he just won his run-off primary, he is going to challenge the Democrat seeking the special election open seat. He is favored to win. I figure he is well worth a look for those looking to give Justin Amash and Thomas Massie some backup in the House of Representatives.
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i would support him. People
i would support him. People got to remember his state refused the first bailout money, then magically his affair was made public, and he then changed his mind and took the money. But I'll still support him.
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I'll give Sanford a second chance
As long as he is an outspoken Libertarian then he's got my vote.
Maybe he cheated because his wife just sucked (or didn't suck enough) in bed.
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McCain supporter and Bilderberg attendee
He supported John McCain over Ron Paul.
He downplayed the importance of his fellow Bilderberg attendees.
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Thanks for the heads up! I wondered how he would do!? As a doctor, being just as weak as this guy, I lost my medical license, forever! At least I have a beautiful wife, who, now, has stuck with me through a broken back and spinal nerve injury! I get a fair disability check and I don't have to swim with the sharks, anymore! I would rather be working. But, politicians have all the answers! I wonder what Obamacare providers will look, and sound, like, 60% FOREIGNERS?! Well, at least I have the knowledge to make sure my family members get good medical care.
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Voted with RP
In a lecture at a C4L meeting in 2008, RP recounted a young representative who approached him and asked why he voted the way he did. After RP explained his positions, the other representative started voting with him. RP said, "then there were 2 votes NO". That young rep was Sanford.
At the Presidential debates in Spartanburg, SC in 2011, Mark Sanford was in the audience. Immediately after the debates ended, RP walked across the stage, came down the stairs, and as best as I could tell, walked straight over to Sanford to say hi.
After 2008, there was an article in a major magazine that was entitled "Mark Sanford, the next Ron Paul".
I volunteered on Sanford's campaign the last 2 months and believe he'll do the right thing liberty wise for South Carolina and in DC.
Dr. Mike Vasovski
South Carolina Campaign Chairman, Ron Paul 2012
The SINGLE vote in the SC delegation for RP, GOP Convention, Tampa, FL
2010 Candidate, US Congress SC-03
Past Chairman, Aiken, SC County Tea Party
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I'm not going to ignore his
I'm not going to ignore his indiscretions, but please remember folks that here is a guy with a PROVEN liberty voting record in both the House and as Governor. Humans are falible, we make mistakes. What he did in his personal life is a travesty, but his political career was that of an ally. I am not suggesting he ever run for President, but having more allies in the House and the Senate is important. If Republican voters in South Carolina are willing to look past that, then I am as well.
I also want to point out that he is getting married to the woman he had an affair with.
I'm not saying we should all throw him a money-bomb or anything like that (it looks like he won't need it), but we should stand behind him and he will stand behind us.
liberty lover in Nor Cal!
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Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson...
Some say that Ben Franklin and TJ weren't the most faithful in their marriages, yet they made pretty good policy. Can we please stop insisting that our politicians be God-Like?
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Bump! I Agree.
And perhaps be more Godly ourselves,
and remember,
Exercise Liberty.
America Rising.
The Constitution Stands.
"That the pen is mightier than the sword would be proven false; if I should take my sword and cut off the hand that holds the pen" - American Nomad
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If I can't Trust ...
If I can't trust a man to keep 1 promise to 1 woman
How,I ask you am I to trust him to keep a promise at all ?
ie Upholding,protecting and defending the Constitution for the United States ????
Former South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford on Tuesday won the GOP nomination for the U.S. House seat he held for three terms.
Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.
Albert Einstein
Life is a sexually transmitted disease with a 100% fatality rate.
Don't Give me Liberty, I'll get up and get it myself!
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The Einsteain quote would be more appropriate...
..in regards to your line of thinking not the Sanford supports. People are always looking to elect the candidate that has a great looking family life and no apparent moral misgivings. But of course no matter the persons personal life or past choices they continue to ignore the constitution and erode our freedoms. Give me a morally bankrupt, libertarian type politician over a morally upright, authoritarian any day of the week. All I want is for my politicians to fight against freedom destroying bills, Mark Sanford has a history of doing that and I couldn't care less about his personal life.
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What Secret Meetings ?
Life is a sexually transmitted disease with a 100% fatality rate.
Don't Give me Liberty, I'll get up and get it myself!
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Elizabeth Colbert Busch bio
from wikipedia-
"Elizabeth Colbert Bush is the Director of Business Development at Clemson University's Restoration Institute,and... the sister of entertainer Stephen Colbert." She has a B.A. in Intermodal Transportation and Logistics Management. "Elizabeth Colbert Busch is married to Claus Wyman Busch III. She has three children with her ex-husband Robert Legare"
"After graduating, she completed a South Carolina State Ports Authority business development internship, and worked for Associated Maritime Industries Inc, as a liaison between the AMI and the U.S. Federal and State Governments. She then worked as the Regional Director for Sales and Marketing and the Director of Business Development at Orient Overseas Container Line, where she was responsible for international maritime relations and South Atlantic and North American sales.She left OOCL in 2008, when she was hired to be the Director of Business Development at Clemson University's Restoration Institute, described by the Charleston Post and Courier as "the school's corporate matchmaker" for the University's development projects for wind turbine testing, water studies, and renewable energy."
Mark Sanford and E. Colbert Busch are both divorced. Does anyone who is ruling Mark Sanford out for his tryst want to explain the failure of E. Colbert Busch's marriage and make the case that it is somehow better? If not, I suggest that we look at the direction that each candidate would take the Country in in terms of debt, gun control, liberty, education, medical care and other issues perhaps more important than the candidates personal affairs.
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How does her experience translate?
I can't figure it out ... does it show that she facilitated the loss of so many textile and manufacturing jobs in the southeast to overseas companies or did her work curb that?
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I cannot trust a man who cheats on his wife and I don't see why the rest of you would. I hope he loses and someone more trustworthy comes aboard.
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I will never understand this...
Why would someone's personal lives have any bearing on whether they are defenders of liberty? Even if some person cheated on their wife hundreds of times (by the way I would never do such a thing and find it disgusting), but is a staunch defender of liberty and freedom in the political arena, to vote against him or throw him out would be the most idiotic thing you could do. A person's private life has nothing, and should have nothing to do with their political life (unless of course they are corrupt and the two become the same). I will always vote and support the candidate that defends my freedom, go ahead and vote and shoot down the few that do this because he fell in love with another women; and when the rare defender of liberty loses and we get more of the same, you can look at yourself and say "Thank God that adulterer isn't in office, who cares that I just lost more of my freedoms because of the guy who I helped elect, at least he isn't cheating on his wife."
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Closet-TS Ann Coulter said he's bad, so he must be good, right?
Closet-TS Ann Coulter said he's bad, so that means he must be good, right?
Yeh, wife-cheating means a politician will cheat on anyone. But then, he's a politician. They are in office because they lie and cheat just to get there. Wife-cheating means he's shown his party masters and Bohemian Grove love-boys he is ready for the BIG TIME.
"Cowards & idiots can come along for the ride but they gotta sit in the back seat!"
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100% Agreed
Spousal cheating is a deal killer for me, also.
BUT (uh-oh) -
In the past, the rejection of an otherwise good candidate, due to a desire for perfection, has usually given America a worse alternative.
If I lived in Sanford's district, I might support him. But, if I did, I would also use it as an opportunity to preach against cheating.
Gene Louis
Supporting a Needed Tool for Government Feedback:
A Citizen-Operated Legal System.
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Second Chances
Sometimes all someone needs is a second chance. If he repented, made his peace with God, then who are we to judge the man? I will remain skeptically optomistic about the prospects of Mark Sanford.
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Forgiveness Requires Responsbility
Judgment is an important part of Christian living. If you look at the pastoral epistles, you will read how church leaders are to be chosen - by observing them for at least one year.
We must be good stewards of the riches that God has given us. That requires that we properly judge the choices that we are given.
Forgiveness is a good thing. But we must also do the best that we can with the circumstances that come upon us. WE are never required to trust or risk our goals to a person who we do not trust.
With that said, read my comment above, where I said that I might vote for the former governor if his opponent was worse. But it would not be out of a perceived duty to trust him.
Gene Louis
Supporting a Needed Tool for Government Feedback:
A Citizen-Operated Legal System.
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I agree, if he doesnt have
I agree, if he doesnt have the integrity to remain loyal to his wife(who he shared his life with) how can he possibly have the integrity to remain loyal to his constituents? I probably wouldnt support the democrat either though....not sure which is worse.
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I still like Mark Sanford
I still like Mark Sanford too.
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Thanks for the post!
Thanks for the post!
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Follow a dad's quest to feed his family well while navigating
the supermarket aisles for the strange and new.
Allergy-Free Cookies
The other day I was engaged in the most quotidian of acts – picking the child up from school. As with most routine acts, there was nothing too remarkable about the act itself, except what I witnessed on the way out of the school; a child, obviously distressed, being comforted by a parent and a teacher as he waited for an ambulance. The child was not bleeding nor howling in pain. He was suffering from an intensive allergic reaction to something (allegedly a food item) that he accidentally came in contact with while in the classroom. All reports from the school say the boy is fine (for those of you concerned) but the level of vulnerability as well as volatility involved with these tremendous food allergies is obviously scary stuff.
I certainly don't blame any parent for being hyper-vigilant when it comes to keeping potential allergens, as well as anaphylactic shock, at bay. That is why a product like Home Free Chocolate Chip Cookies, while not immediately attractive to me, makes a hell of a lot of sense for those with unforgiving food allergies.
Home Free Chocolate Chip Cookies come in regular size and mini sized cookies and is sold at Mrs. Green's, Big Apple, Return to Eden, Fairway, and select Whole Foods Markets.
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Forrest Griffin
August 15, 2012 4:35:17 PM
Chael Sonnen moves to light heavyweight, meets Forrest GriffinAfter hinting that he might move up from middleweight to light heavyweight following his loss to Anderson Silva in July, Chael Sonnen has announced the move – and his opponent.
Sonnen will make the climb to 205 pounds and will face former UFC light heavyweight champion Forrest Griffin at the promotion's year-end show on Dec. 29 in Las Vegas. Griffin beat Sonnen with a first-round submission nearly nine years ago in a regional promotion. Sonnen made the announcement on Tuesday's edition of "UFC Tonight" on FUEL TV.
The UFC's Dec. 29 show, though not yet announced by the promotion, is likely to be UFC 155. It will be headlined by a heavyweight title fight between champion Junior Dos Santos and former champ Cain Velasquez.
Though a venue for the card is not yet known, it will take place either at the MGM Grand Garden Arena or Mandalay Bay Events Center. The Sonnen-Griffin fight is likely to serve as the pay-per-view's co-main event.
After back-to-back wins over Brian Stann and Michael Bisping, Sonnen (28-12-1 MMA, 6-5 UFC) got his rematch with Silva at UFC 148. But he lost by second-round TKO. Not long after the fight, the outspoken Oregon native dropped hints that he was considering going up a weight class. Tuesday, he made it official.
Sonnen said Griffin has been overlooked in the conversation for potential challengers for light heavyweight champion Jon Jones, who on Sept. 1 defends his title against Dan Henderson.
"A number of years ago, I fought with a guy who turned out to become a very good friend of mine, and I lost the match," Sonnen said. "Since becoming friends and competitors with him, I've also become a fan. I watched him win the world championship. I watched him etch his name in stone as a guaranteed future Hall of Famer. … He's the one guy Jon Jones hasn't fought. He's beat two world champions in his last three outings.
"I get very frustrated that Forrest's name is left out of the conversation. This is a guy who's beat everybody, and he's never been in the talks to fight Jon Jones. He's coming off a fight with Tito Ortiz, one of the most decorated light heavyweights of all time – a Hall of Famer. They go out and have a 'Fight of the Night,' an awesome performance, and still, he gets overlooked."
Sonnen implied that his sights are set squarely on Jones' title – but that he wanted to earn the opportunity.
"I could go up to 205 and I could take Jon Jones' belt the same as I could take his candy on Halloween – a little punk kid, I'd snatch it away all I want," Sonnen said. "But there's something to be said in sportsmanship for earning your shot. And on the 29th of December, I'm going to go through Forrest to do it."
Griffin (19-7 MMA, 10-5 UFC) fought on the same UFC 148 card as Sonnen and beat Ortiz by split decision in the rubber match of their trilogy. It was Griffin's first fight since an August 2011 loss to Mauricio "Shogun" Rua at UFC 134.
Source: mmajunkie.com
Source: mmajunkie.com -
Forrest Griffin
July 6, 2012 7:42:25 PM
UFC 148: Weigh-in ResultsWeigh-in results for UFC 148, which were held Friday at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas.
MAIN CARD (Pay-per-view)
- Champ Anderson Silva (184) vs. Chael Sonnen (185)
- Forrest Griffin (204) vs. Tito Ortiz (204)
- Patrick Cote (185) vs. Cung Le (185)
- Dong Hyun Kim (170) vs. Demian Maia (170)
- Chad Mendes (146) vs. Cody McKenzie (145)
- Mike Easton (135) vs. Ivan Menjivar (136)
- Khabib Nurmagomedov (155) vs. Gleison Tibau (155)
- Fabricio Camoes (156) vs. Melvin Guillard (155)
- Riki Fukuda (185) vs. Constantinos Philippou (186)
- John Alessio (156) vs. Shane Roller (155)
PRELIMINARY CARD (Facebook)
- Yoislandy Izquierdo (156) vs. Rafaello Oliveira (156)
Source: mmadiehards.com -
Forrest Griffin
March 20, 2012 4:47:51 PM
UFC 148 adds Tito Ortiz vs. Forrest GriffinAnnouncing his retirement after this bout, Tito Ortiz (16-10-1) is set to face Forrest Griffin (18-7) for a third and final time.
The former UFC light-heavyweight champion on Monday confirmed via Twitter that he's scheduled to fight Griffin at UFC 148.
Ortiz has had trouble finding wins as of late, compiling a 1-6-1 record over the last six years with the UFC. Currently on a two fight losing streak, "The People's Champ" looks to end his career on a positive note as he steps into the Octagon for a third time against Griffin. Winning their first meeting at UFC 59, Ortiz fell short in the second three years later at UFC 106 where the judges' gave the split decision win to Griffin.
A longtime fighter with the UFC, Griffin was recently quickly disposed of in his most recent outing at UFC 134 by Mauricio "Shogun" Rua, losing by way of knockout in the first round. That loss snapped a two fight win-streak that saw Griffin defeating Rich Franklin and his newest opponent, Ortiz.
UFC 148 takes place July 7 at MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Source: mmadiehards.com -
Forrest Griffin
August 27, 2011 10:10:15 PM
UFC 134 ResultsResults from UFC 134, held Saturday at HSBC Arena in Rio de Janeiro:
MAIN CARD (Pay-per-view)
Anderson Silva def. Yushin Okami via TKO (ground strikes), Rd. 2, 2:04
Mauricio "Shogun" Rua def. Forrest Griffin via KO (punches), Rd. 1, 1:53
Edson Barboza def. Ross Pearson via split decision (29-28 x 2, 28-29)
Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira def. Brendan Schaub via KO (punches), Rd. 1, 3:09
Stanislav Nedkov def. Luiz Cane via TKO (punches), Rd. 1, 4:13
PRELIMINARY CARD (Spike TV)Thiago Tavares def. Spencer Fisher via TKO (ground strikes), Rd. 2, 2:51
Rousimar Palhares def. Dan Miller via unanimous dec. (30-25, 30-27, 29-27)
PRELIMINARY CARD (Facebook)Paulo Thiago def. David Mitchell via unanimous dec. (30-27 x 3)
Raphael Assuncao def. Johnny Eduardo via unanimous dec. (30-27 x 3)
Erick Silva def. Luis Ramos via TKO (strikes), Rd. 1, 0:40
Yuri Alcantara def. Felipe Arantes via unanimous dec. (30-27 x 2, 29-28)
Yves Jabouin def. Ian Loveland via split dec. (29-28 x 2, 27-30)Source: mmadiehards.com -
Forrest Griffin
April 15, 2011 7:01:58 PM
Forrest Griffin vs. Shogun Rua rematch to take place at UFC 134Former UFC light heavyweight champions Forrest Griffin (18-6 MMA, 9-4 UFC) and Mauricio "Shogun" Rua (19-5 MMA, 3-3 UFC) will meet in a rematch when the UFC makes its first trip to Brazil since 1998.
Dana White today confirmed the matchup between the two competitors, whose last meeting ended with Griffin submitting Rua in the third round and going on to claim UFC gold. Rua recently lost his title belt to Jon Jones, while Griffin has notched wins over Tito Ortiz and Rich Franklin in his last two outings.
UFC 134 will take place in Rio de Janeiro on August 27 and features a middleweight title showdown between Anderson Silva and Yushin Okami.
Source: www.mmafighting.com


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Two Time Trick
Mackie - 26/08/2004
This is always a fave at class and socials, fun dance.
Karen - 25/08/2004
I love the flick in this dance.
Sarah & Myra Buckin Horses Line Dance Club - 24/08/2004
Just got round to reviewing this one. Have been teaching it for past 3/4 weeks. Must admit wasn't overkeen at first as it seemed a bit 'twirly' but after teaching/dancing it all the more it has really grown on us. This is a big floor filler at our classes at the moment and we hope it continues to do well. This is the sort of dance you can put your 'all' into and once mastered the turns it is a really enjoyable dance!! Requests still flood in for us to replay it over and over!!


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Most Popular
Globalization of CEMEX
Pankaj Ghemawat, Jamie L. Matthews
Revision Date:Nov 29, 2004Publication Date:Sep 08, 2000Discipline:StrategySource:Harvard Business School |
Product number:701017-HCB-ENG Length:22p |
English Hardcopy Black & White
Also Available in:
English Hardcopy Black & White | $ 6.93
CEMEX is a Mexican company that has become a major international competitor in cement while maintaining a higher level of profitability than other, longer-established majors. CEMEX's superior profitability supplies a basis for discussing the sources of superior performance in a global context. In addition, the wide array of benefits that CEMEX derives from its operations in different countries broadens conventional notions of why firms globalize.
subjects covered:
Competitive advantage; Developing countries; Globalization; Industry analysis; Mergers & acquisitions
- Geographic: Mexico
- Industry: Building materials
- Industry: Construction
- Company Employee Count: 15,000
- Company Revenue: $5 billion revenues
- Event Year Begin: 1986
- Event Year End: 2000


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Sterling Industries 118-030 Vintage Reproduction Stand Coat Rack
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Vintage Reproduction Coat Stand
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By Sharon F. from Lynnwood, WA on Nov 30, 2011
very heavy and sturdy. Easy to put together. Have had many lovely comments on it. Would highly recommend!!
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quote:Romney's draft number was 300 the number called was 180 something. He didnt dodge SHIT! Romney also doenst get to choose his mormom mission either.
quote:Of course you do, it fits your agenda.
quote:Romney also doenst get to choose his mormom mission either.
quote:So, Trackfan...I guess that Romney's 47% ARE HYPOCRITES!
quote:It is to return to the budget baseline established by Secretary Robert Gates in 2010, with the goal of setting core defense spending — meaning funds devoted to the fundamental military components of personnel, operations and maintenance, procurement, and research and development — at a floor of 4 percent of GDP.
quote:Is that a spending increase?