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Pollution & Health
03 Dec 2013:
Microplastic Pollution Harms
Worms at Bottom of Food Chain, Study Finds
As plastic trash accumulates in ocean ecosystems, it may be damaging worms and other sensitive marine life at the bottom of the food chain, scientists report.
Two British studies found
that microplastics — tiny remnants, less than 5 mm in diameter, from the breakdown of plastic trash — made seafloor worms eat
Beach sediments churned by a lugworm
less and transferred pollutants from the plastics to the worms. Because they ate less, the
worms had less energy to invest in important functions
such as growth, reproduction, and churning sediments, one of their most important roles in the ocean ecosystem. The worms also
absorbed harmful chemicals from the debris
, including hydrocarbons, antimicrobials, and flame retardants, researchers said. Lugworms, often called the "earthworms of the sea," are considered an indicator species because they feed on ocean floor sediments. Microplastics have been accumulating in those sediments since the 1960s, and, although each particle is nearly invisible, taken together microplastics are the most abundant form of solid-waste pollution on the planet.
22 Nov 2013:
Majority of Americans
Uninformed About Fracking, Survey Finds
Most Americans are uninformed and lack opinions on hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, a process used to extract oil and gas from rock formations,
a new survey says
. Fifty-eight percent of people surveyed specifically reported that they knew nothing at all about fracking, and the same percentage said they didn't know whether they supported fracking or opposed it. Seven percent said they were aware of some of the process's environmental impacts, and 3 percent said they knew of positive economic and energy supply impacts of fracking. Of those who held an opinion on it, 20 percent were opposed to fracking and 22 percent supported it. "Broadly speaking, our results paint a picture of an American populace that is largely unaware and undecided about this issue," the study says.
The study
— conducted by researchers at Oregon State, George Mason, and Yale universities — was recently published in the journal
Energy Policy
20 Nov 2013:
Low-Income Solar Project
Is Recognized at U.N. Climate Talks
An Australia-based solar start-up company was recognized at the U.N. climate change talks in Warsaw for its work replacing highly polluting kerosene lamps with solar lighting in low-income regions of India. The company, Pollinate Energy, trains members of local communities to install household solar-powered lights in India's slums, where families often rely on kerosene for lighting. So far the project has installed solar-powered lighting systems for 10,000 people in 250 of Bangalore's slum communities, in turn saving 40,000 liters of kerosene and 100,000 kilograms of carbon emissions,
RenewEconomy reports
. The solar lighting systems are cheaper to operate than kerosene lamps and are less polluting and dangerous than kerosene, which can cause house fires and severe burns. The nonprofit project started in Bangalore — home to some of India's worst slums — as a way for children to do schoolwork after sunset. Pollinate Energy trains local installers to distribute and install the lighting systems as micro-entrepreneurs, which they call "pollinators."
19 Nov 2013:
Pollution From Plastic Trash
May Make Tiny Island a Superfund Site
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency plans to study whether plastic pollution on a small island in the Pacific Ocean is severe enough to
warrant listing it as a Superfund clean-up site
. Tern Island, a 25-acre strip of land about 500 miles northwest of the Hawaiian island
Click to Enlarge
Duncan Wright, USFWS
Tern Island marine debris
Oahu, is home to millions of seabirds, sea turtles, and the endangered Hawaiian monk seal. The U.S.-based Center for Biological Diversity asked the EPA to add the entire Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and parts of the so-called
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
to the list of federal Superfund sites due to extreme marine debris pollution, but the agency has only agreed to undertake an environmental study on Tern Island. The island is awash with debris ranging from plastic water bottles and bits of plastic to discarded fishing gear and home appliances. Studies have shown the trash can take a heavy toll on wildlife — seabirds, for example, often ingest bits of plastic after mistaking them for food and eventually die of starvation. The EPA study is the first step of a potentially years-long process to determine if the island qualifies for listing under the 1980 Superfund law.
13 Nov 2013:
Plastic Debris in Ocean
Has Spawned a 'Plastisphere' of Organisms
The plastic debris that litters the world's oceans has developed its own unique and diverse microbial ecosystem, researchers report. The microscopic community, which scientists dubbed the "plastisphere,"
Click to Enlarge
Zettler, et al./ES&T
Diatom and bacteria on plastic debris
includes more than 1,000 species of algae, bacteria, microscopic plants, symbiotic microbes, and possibly even pathogens, the researchers say in
Environmental Science & Technology
. Some of the plastisphere microbes, many of which had never before been documented, contain genes that could help break down hydrocarbons, indicating the microbes may play a role in degrading the debris, the research shows. Plastic trash is the most abundant type of debris in the ocean, inflicting harm on fish, birds, and marine mammals that are entangled by it or ingest it. Until now, researchers hadn't looked at microbes living on the debris, which make up a sort of artificial "microbial reef," one of the scientists
07 Nov 2013:
Grand Canyon 'Zombie'
Uranium Mine on Hold for Financial Reasons
The reopening of a major uranium mine near the Grand Canyon has been put on hold until December 2014 or whenever a federal court rules on the proposed revival of the mine,
the Guardian reports
. The owner of Canyon
Grand Canyon's South Rim
Mine, Energy Fuels Resources, cited falling uranium prices, which have reached a near five-year low, and litigation costs as reasons for the decision. In April the Canyon Mine and other
so-called "zombie mines"
were given federal approval to reopen based on their rights at the time they closed, despite an Obama administration ban on new hard-rock mines in areas larger than 1 million acres. Grand Canyon National Park officials say reopening the Canyon Mine, located six miles from the popular South Rim entrance, and other uranium mines could affect scarce water sources in the area. Environmental groups and the Havasupai Indian tribe sued the U.S. government in 2012, contending the environmental review of the mine's impacts was outdated.
05 Nov 2013:
Beijing To Limit New Cars
By 40 Percent in Anti-Pollution Drive
In an effort to reduce severe air pollution in the Chinese capital, Beijing will limit by 40 percent the number of new cars sold annually for the next four years, cutting license plate allocations from 240,000 to 150,000 each
Chang'an avenue in Beijing
year. The cap, which should also help ease the capital's worsening traffic congestion, means Beijing will license only 600,000 new cars between 2014 and 2017 — fewer than in 2010 alone,
Reuters reports
. By 2017, 40 percent of those licenses, which drivers vie for in auctions and lotteries, will be reserved for hybrid and electric cars. New car sales in China are currently capped in four cities — Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Guiyang — and the government plans to limit sales in eight additional cities, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers said.
30 Oct 2013:
Low on Natural Gas, China
Cities Will Face Choking Air Pollution
In a push to curb air pollution, China has been urging its cities to rely more heavily on natural gas and less on coal. But a shortage of natural gas is threatening that goal, as urban populations boom and domestic gas production lags,
Reuters reports
. Chinese officials have said that to reduce air pollution the most densely populated parts of Beijing should use only gas heat, which limits the supply of natural gas for smaller cities and forces those cities to rely on coal. Pollution levels in Chinese cities commonly exceed World Health Organization guidelines by 40 to 50 times. The problem is most pronounced in northern China, where air pollution from burning coal has already shortened life expectancy by 5.5 years compared to the southern part of the country. China's natural gas shortage is expected to be 10 percent higher this year than last year, since more users have switched from coal. Authorities are rationing natural gas and prioritizing its use for homes and transportation, but experts don't expect the shortage to subside anytime soon.
Photo Essay: Focusing a Lens on
China's Environmental Challenges
Sean Gallagher
Photographer Sean Gallagher has lived and worked in China for seven years, visiting nearly all of its provinces as he documents the country's daunting ecological problems and its widely varied landscapes. In a
Yale Environment 360
photo essay
, the Beijing-based photojournalist chronicles China's widespread water and air pollution, the battle against the desertification that has spread across the country's northern regions, and the threats to the nation's biodiversity.
View the photo gallery.
15 Oct 2013:
Nine in 10 Europeans in Cities
Breathe Dangerous, Polluted Air, Study Says
More than 90 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to harmful levels of air pollutants,
according to a new assessment
from the European Environment Agency. Concentrations of ground-level ozone, or smog,
German Autobahn
pose a danger to 97 percent of city populations, and levels of fine particulate matter (particles with a diameter less than 2.5 microns, known as PM2.5) exceed European standards for 91 to 96 percent of city-dwellers — and European standards for both pollutants
exceed World Health Organization
recommendations. A new study of European mothers
linked higher PM2.5 exposure
to lower birth weight, a standard indicator of fetal development. Eastern European countries have the highest levels of PM2.5, whereas ground-level ozone is worst in northern Italy. Although emissions of most air pollutants have steadily declined over the past 10 years — lead and carbon monoxide levels, for example, now meet international standards in most areas — emissions haven't fallen as much as predicted.
11 Oct 2013:
Agricultural Ammonia Emissions
Threatening U.S. National Parks, Study Finds
Ammonia emissions from agricultural fertilizers are threatening sensitive ecosystems in U.S. national parks, a
study led by Harvard researchers
has found. Thirty-eight national parks are seeing nitrogen deposition levels at or above the threshold for ecological damage,
Great Smoky Mountains N.P.
the study says.
In natural ecosystems, excess nitrogen can disrupt nutrient cycling in soil
, cause algal overgrowth, and make aquatic environments acidic. While some of that nitrogen comes in the form of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from power plants and vehicle exhaust, existing air quality regulations and new clean energy technologies are helping reduce NOx emissions. Ammonia emissions from agricultural operations, however, are expected to climb as demand for food and biofuels surges. Daniel Jacob, who led the study, said that because ammonia is volatile, only 10 percent of the nitrogen makes it into the food, with much of it escaping through the atmosphere and being deposited across the landscape. According to the report, published in
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
, hardwood trees, such as those shown above, are most sensitive to excess nitrogen in eastern temperate forests, while in western national parks lichens appear to suffer first.
02 Oct 2013:
Excess Radioactivity and Metals
Found in Pennsylvania Fracking Wastewater
Researchers found high levels of radioactivity, metals, and salts in sediments and water downstream from a Pennsylvania facility that treats fracking wastewater. Radioactivity levels downstream of the treatment plant were about 200 times higher than in surrounding areas, and concentrations of some salts and metals were also higher than background levels, the scientists reported in
Environmental Science and Technology
. The Duke University team traced the radioactivity's source to the Marcellus Shale formation, which is naturally high in salts and radioactivity. Although the treatment plant removes more than 90 percent of the radioactive metals radium and barium, the effluent still exceeds federal limits for radioactive waste disposal, the researchers said. Plants, fish, and other organisms near the facility are potentially at risk for radium bioaccumulation. Downstream, carcinogenic byproducts can form when water with excess levels of the salt bromide mixes with disinfection chemicals at municipal drinking water plants, the study said. A mile downstream from the treatment facility, bromide levels were 40 times higher than background levels, the researchers reported.
23 Sep 2013:
Cleaner Air from Curbing CO2
Emissions Would Save Lives, Study Finds
Gains in air quality that would come from reducing greenhouse gas emissions could save up to three million lives per year by 2100,
according to U.S. researchers
. Their findings,
published in
Nature Climate Change
, come ahead of an important interim report by the
Click to enlarge
Nature Climate Change
Deaths prevented by cleaner air in 2100
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, set to be released on Friday. Cutting carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants, vehicles, and other sources would reduce particulate matter and ozone emissions, which are tied to cardiovascular distress, respiratory illnesses, lung cancer, and strokes. The study estimated that by 2100, 1.4 million to 3 million premature deaths a year could be avoided thanks to cuts of CO2 emissions. The researchers calculated that health care savings alone would outweigh the projected costs of cutting carbon emissions over the next few decades.
20 Sep 2013:
U.S. Places CO2 Limits
On New Coal-Fired Power Plants
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will for the first time
begin regulating carbon dioxide emissions from new coal- and natural gas-fired power plants
under the Clean Air Act, EPA Adminstrator Gina McCarthy announced. Speaking in Washington, McCarthy said, "Climate change is real, human activities are fueling that change,
Gina McCarthy
and we must take action to avoid the most devastating consequences." The EPA regulations, which the coal industry vows to challenge in court, will require new coal plants to emit fewer than 1,100 pounds of carbon dioxide per megawatt hour, considerably lower than the average 1,800 pounds of CO2 per megawatt hour currently produced by coal-fired power plants. Such limits would require the new plants to deploy carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, which has not been used on a wide scale. The difficulty of using CCS technology will be at the heart of lawsuits challenging the EPA move, industry officials say.
17 Sep 2013:
Major Company Backs Out
Of Pebble Mine Project in Alaska
A major mining company has withdrawn its participation in Alaska's Pebble Mine project, dimming the controversial project's prospects of moving forward,
the Anchorage Daily News reports
. The British Mining giant, Anglo American, said it was pulling out of the project to focus on lower-risk mining ventures — a tacit acknowledgment that opposition among fishermen,
Bristol Bay watershed
indigenous groups, and environmentalists was making it increasingly unlikely that the Pebble Mine would receive the necessary state and federal approvals. The opposition is focused on concerns that the massive gold and copper mine would threaten Bristol Bay and
endanger the world's richest wild salmon fishery
. Northern Dynasty Minerals, a Canadian company, continues to back the project, but a company official said the firm would have trouble moving forward without a partner.
11 Sep 2013:
Arsenic in Vietnam Groundwater
Slowly Moving Toward Hanoi, Study Says
As the population and water needs of Hanoi mushroom, the capital city of Vietnam is slowly drawing poisonous arsenic into the aquifer that supplies its drinking water,
say researchers from the U.S. and Vietnam
. Water contaminated with arsenic has moved more than a mile
Benjamin Bostick/LDEO
The Red River
closer to the aquifer over the last 40 to 60 years, the researchers report in
, due to the city's increasing water demand; municipal pumping in Hanoi doubled between 2000 and 2010. The good news, says lead researcher Alexander van Geen of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, is the contaminated groundwater "is not moving as fast as we had feared it might." This will give Hanoi officials time, perhaps decades, to determine how to best deal with the problem. The study also determined why arsenic is leaching into the groundwater: As water containing arsenic mixes with high levels of organic carbon from the Red River and other surrounding aquifers, the chemistry changes and arsenic dissolves in the water.
05 Sep 2013:
Swapping Corn for Rice Benefits
China's Miyun Reservoir, Study Shows
After years of contamination and decreasing output,
China's Miyun Reservoir is rebounding
, say researchers from China and the U.S. Rice farming had contaminated and tapped the reservoir, which lies 100 miles north of Beijing and is the main water source for the city's 20 million inhabitants. But four years ago, the Chinese government began paying farmers to grow corn instead, which requires
less water and leads to less fertilizer and sediment runoff than rice farming
. Now, water quality tests show that fertilizer runoff declined sharply, the researchers found, and the amount of reservoir water available to Beijing and surrounding areas has increased. Farmers also made more money growing corn instead of rice and were able to spend less time tending their crops,
the study concluded
28 Aug 2013:
Illegal Slash-and-Burn Fires
Are Causing Smog Problem in Indonesia
Skies above Indonesia have been
blanketed with smog
as wildfires burn throughout its forests. Ignoring
Click to enlarge
Smog above Indonesia (Photo credit: NASA)
environmental laws, companies are using the practice of slash-and-burn to clear land for palm oil plantations. The illegal fires decimate rainforests and peatlands and fill the air with lethal levels of smoke, as seen in this NASA satellite image taken on August 27. Indonesia's pollution index hit a record-high 401 earlier this month; any reading above 400 is considered life-threatening to the elderly and sick. Palm oil is the world's
largest vegetable oil commodity
and demand is rising rapidly, causing massive damage to tropical forests, especially in Southeast Asia.
23 Aug 2013:
Arsenic in Groundwater
May Affect 20 Million People in China
Nearly 20 million people in China are exposed to high levels of arsenic in the water they use for drinking and cooking, a new model based on geological and
Click to enlarge
Groundwater arsenic in China
hydrological data and well samples shows.
The model predicts high arsenic concentrations
(10 micrograms per liter or greater) across more than 580,000 square kilometers, according to Chinese and Swiss researchers, who published their findings in
. Researchers had long known that some regions had high arsenic concentrations, but it would have taken several decades to test the millions of wells in China. The new prediction combined the most recent tests with data about the underlying geology, soil characteristics, and topography.
13 Aug 2013:
Too Many Urban Beehives
May Do More Harm Than Good, Experts Say
A surge in urban beekeeping
may be doing more harm than good to honeybee populations
, according to UK scientists. As
the number of rooftop hives increases in cities worldwide
— including London, where there are
Matthias Walendy
A Berlin beekeeper
now 10 hives per square kilometer — two researchers from the University of Sussex warn that too many hives can be detrimental.
Writing in
The Biologist
, the magazine of the Society of Biology, they suggest that inexperienced beekeepers can create conditions in which there isn't enough food for their insects. "If there are too many colonies in an area, then the food supply will be insufficient," Francis Ratnieks, a professor at the university's Laboratory of Apiculture and Social Insects, told the BBC. "This will mean that colonies do not thrive, and may also affect other species that also visit flowers."
09 Aug 2013:
Mapping of Monarch Butterfly
Migration Yields Clues About Decline
A comprehensive mapping of the
North American migration patterns of the iconic monarch butterfly
could help preserve a species
threatened by loss of habitat and food sources
, a team of international
Wikimedia Commons
A monarch butterfly
researchers says. In a study conducted across 17 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces, from southern Texas to Alberta, biologists from Canada, the U.S., and Australia tracked the northward migration of the monarchs, documenting five generations in a single breeding season. By analyzing a chemical signature found on the adult butterflies' wings that reveals their specific birthplace, scientists were able to track the different generations of butterflies as they migrated north to the U.S. Midwest, from which many butterflies then traveled to Alberta. According to Tyler Flockhart, a Ph. D. student at the University of Guelph in Canada and lead author of the study
published in the
Proceedings of the Royal Society B
, the decline in milkweed and a surge in genetically modified crops might be affecting monarch survival.
29 Jul 2013:
Wired Honeybees Show
Harmful Impacts of Pesticides on Navigation
Using tiny radar antennae glued to the backs of honeybees, European scientists have found that bees exposed to neonicotinoid pesticides
were more likely to become disoriented
and separated from their hives.
Honeybee wired with radar antennae
After attaching the small transponders to 200 bees, including some that were fed pesticide-laced syrup, scientists discovered that the exposed bees had difficulty navigating and were unable to retrace the path back to their hives. "We find the control bees are just fantastic — they use their landscape and their vector memory and they do fine," Randolf Menzel, an insect neurobiologist at the Free University in Berlin, told the London
. "The treated bees, depending on the doses of the substance, are more confused." The findings appear to support a theory that neonicotinoids make bees more vulnerable to pathogens and could be a factor in so-called "colony collapse disorder,"
a phenomenon that has decimated honeybee populations
in recent years.
24 Jul 2013:
European Investment Bank
Will Not Finance Most Coal Power Stations
The European Investment Bank (EIB), the main lending arm of the European Union, has decided to
stop financing most coal-fired power plants
, part of an effort to help the 28-nation bloc meet ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets by 2030. The EIB says that new and refurbished coal-fired power stations will be ineligible for funding unless they emit less than 550 grams of carbon dioxide per kilowatt hour, a standard that traditional coal power plants would be unable to meet. Power stations that burn coal would only be able to meet the standards if they also produce heat for municipal or commercial heating systems or burned biomass. The EIB says it plans to further tighten its emissions standards for coal- and natural gas-fired power plants in the future.
09 Jul 2013:
Coal Emissions in China Slash
5.5 Years off Life Expectancy, Study Says
The life expectancy of people living in northern China
is 5 ½ years less than in southern China
as a result of the north's notoriously bad air pollution, largely due to the burning of coal, according to a new study. In an analysis
Getty Images
of air quality recordings from 90 Chinese cities from 1981 to 2000 and mortality data from the 1990s, a team of researchers estimated that high air pollution will cost the roughly 500 million people living north of the Huai River a combined 2.5 billion years of life expectancy compared with people living in the south. Writing
in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
, the researchers say increased mortality,
attributable to cardiorespiratory illness
, is the unintended consequence of a Chinese policy that from 1950 to 1980 provided free coal for boilers in cities north of the Huai, but not for those living in the south.
26 Jun 2013:
Exposure to Lead Costs
Developing Nations $1 Trillion Annually
The exposure of children to toxic lead, and the subsequent declines in IQ and earning potential,
costs the developing world nearly $1 trillion annually
, according to a new report. Based on the average lead levels in children under the age of 5, researchers from New York University found that Africa suffers the greatest costs from lead exposure, losing an estimated $137.7 billion annually, or about 4 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP). In Latin America, the costs are about $142.3 billion, the study found, while in Asian nations the costs are about $699.9 billion. By comparison, the annual costs in the U.S. and Europe, where exposure to lead has decreased significantly in recent decades, are about $50 billion and $55 billion, respectively. The report said
lead consumption has increased worldwide
since the early 1970s, largely because of rising demand for lead batteries. The study was
published in
Environmental Health Perspectives
21 Jun 2013:
Illegal Fires in Sumatra
Send Dangerous Pollution to Singapore
Billowing smoke from illegal fires on the Indonesian island of Sumatra has engulfed Singapore this week,
pushing air pollution to record levels
for three
Click to enlarge
Smoke engulfs Singapore
consecutive days. The smoke, which is captured in
a new NASA satellite image
, has created an acrid blanket of smog across the region and historic levels of air pollution. According to government officials, Singapore's air pollution index reached 401 on Friday, a level considered hazardous for breathing. Before this week, the previous high was 226. The smoke has been
blowing east toward southern Malaysia and Singapore
from Sumatra, where farmers set illegal fires to clear land for new crops during the mid-year dry season. The fires are yet another sign of the large-scale deforestation taking place on Sumatra.
20 Jun 2013:
Global Reports Underline
Threats to Planet's Bird Species
New global research underlines the rising threats facing the world's bird species, with three reports providing evidence that climate change, overfishing, and unsustainable agriculture are taking a heavy toll on
Puffins along the Maine coast.
avian populations worldwide. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) reports that numbers of some migratory bird populations in Maine — including Arctic terns and puffins —
have plummeted in recent years
because their food supplies are disappearing as a result of commercial fishing and the shifting of fish to cooler waters, which is making it more difficult for some birds to feed their young. In a separate study, scientists predict that rising sea levels
will devastate habitat for some migratory shore birds
in the coming decades. Higher sea levels, the study predicts, will flood 23 percent to 40 percent of the intertidal habitats for several shorebird species, triggering population declines of as much as 70 percent. Overall, one in eight bird species globally
is at risk of extinction
, according to a new report by
BirdLife International
12 Jun 2013:
Bird-Mimicking Mobile Apps
Harmful to Species, UK Groups Say
Wildlife officials in the UK are urging people not to use mobile phone apps that mimic bird songs in nature reserves, warning that the devices
can harm some sensitive species
, particularly during breeding season.
Icon for Chirp! app
The increasingly popular apps, which use recordings of bird calls to lure the birds closer for photographs or better viewing, can distract birds from critical tasks, such as feeding their young, according to the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. The Dorset Wildlife Trust (DWT), a conservation group that oversees 42 reserves,
is discouraging the use of the mobile apps at its reserves
, calling it an intentional disturbance of sensitive species such as the Nightjar, a nocturnal bird that has experienced a recent recovery in the area. "I'm sure visitors would be devastated if they realized the possible disturbance they were causing to wildlife," said Chris Thain, a manager at DWT's Brownsea Island reserve.
30 May 2013:
Nuclear Power Has Prevented
1.84 Million Premature Deaths, Study Says
The use of nuclear power from 1971 to 2009
prevented more than 1.8 million premature deaths
related to air pollution and 64 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions, a new study says. Using historical production data and estimates of mortality per unit of electricity generated, scientists from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University calculated that replacing nuclear energy sources with fossil fuel-burning sources during that period would have caused about 1.84 million premature deaths. By midcentury, they project, nuclear power could prevent an additional 420,000 to 7 million deaths, depending on which fossil fuels it replaces, and 80 to 240 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions. "By contrast, we assess that large-scale expansion of unconstrained natural gas use would not mitigate the climate problem and would cause far more deaths than the expansion of nuclear power," said Pushker A. Kharecha, who, along with NASA's James Hansen, co-authored the study
published in the journal
Environmental Science & Technology
. The study calculated that nuclear power plant accidents caused about 4,900 deaths during the same period.
28 May 2013:
Electricity Availability Growth
Must Double to Achieve Global Access
The rate of expansion of access to electricity
will have to double over the next 17 years
if the world's population is to achieve 100 percent access to modern energy, a new report says. While about 1.7 billion people became connected to electricity sources worldwide between 1990 and 2010, that increase barely outpaced population growth during that period, according to Sustainable Energy for All, a group lead by the World Bank and the United Nations. More than 1.2 billion people still do not have access to electricity, and 2.8 billion still rely on burning wood or other biomass for household fuel, a source of pollution that causes about 4 million premature deaths annually. Achieving universal access to modern energy will require investments of $45 billion annually, which is five times the current levels. If combined with an expansion of renewable energy sources and improved efficiencies, however, achieving this growth in energy access would increase CO2 emissions by less than 1 percent, the report says.
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Article brought to you by: Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)Release of methane in arctic could have disastrous economic consequences
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
July 25th, 2013 Catholic Online (www.catholic.org) The release of large amounts of methane from thawing permafrost in the Arctic could have huge economic impacts for the world, scientists warn. It has been estimated that the climate effects of the release of this gas could cost $60 trillion, roughly the size of the global economy in 2012. The impact is most likely to be felt in developing countries. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Scientists have had concerns about the impact of rising temperatures on permafrost for many years. The diminishing ice cover in the East Siberian sea has allowed waters to warm with the methane leaching out. Plumes of methane gas, up to a kilometer in diameter has been recorded rising from these waters.Researchers have previously tried to estimate the economic price on the climate damage that these emissions of methane would create. While it lasts less than a decade in the atmosphere, methane is a very volatile gas in the earth's atmosphere. Researchers used an economic model very similar to the one used by Lord Stern in his 2006 review of the economics of climate change in their report. Examining the release of 50-gigatonnes of methane over a decade, scholars worked out that this would increase climate impacts such as flooding, sea level rise, and damage to agriculture and human health to the tune of $60 trillion. "That's an economic time bomb that at this stage has not been recognized on the world stage," Professor Gail Whiteman at Erasmus University in the Netherlands says. "We think it's incredibly important for world leaders to really discuss what are the implications of this methane release and what could we indeed do about it to hopefully prevent the whole burst from happening." It's believed as much as 30 percent of the world's undiscovered gas and 13 percent of undiscovered oil lie in these waters. Transport companies are looking to send increasing numbers of ships through these fast melting seas. According to the more recent studies, these benefits would be a fraction of the likely costs of a large scale methane emission. Authors of the study say a release of methane on this scale could bring forward the date when global temperatures increase by 2 centigrade by between 15 and 35 years. New research suggests that permafrost is also melting in Antarctica. Scientists have found that ground ice in the McMurdo Dry Valley Regions has accelerated consistently between 2001 and 2012, rising to about ten times the historical average. "We are looking at a big effect," Professor Peter Wadhams from the University of Cambridge says, "a possibly catastrophic effect on global climate that's a consequence of this extremely fast sea ice retreat that's been happening in recent years." Some scientists have cautioned that not enough is known about the likelihood of such a rapid release of methane. Even though it has been detected for a number of years, it has as yet not been found in the atmosphere in large amounts. Article brought to you by: Catholic Online (www.catholic.org) |

subset: commoncrawl


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Mid Suffolk District Council rejects 'Hakluyt' village street name
A village's "founding father" is unlikely to have a street named after him because his name has been considered too difficult to pronounce.
Writer Richard Hakluyt, pronounced 'hack-loot', founded Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford in the 16th Century.
The parish council hoped to name a new road Hakluyt Close. But Mid Suffolk District Council fears the name is "confusing" and could "waste time".
A decision is due to be made at a council meeting next week.
The authority believes most people will not realise how to accurately pronounce Hakluyt.
Who was Richard Hakluyt?
- Hakluyt (c.1522 - 1616) was the first ordained lecturer in geography at Christ Church College, Oxford
- It was Hakluyt who, in 1582, published Walter Raleigh's suggestion that America should be settled as a base for exploring the imagined Northwest Passage to China
- English voyages of trade and exploration during the 16th and 17th Centuries were often recorded in Hakluyt's manuscripts
- Hakluyt made the first serious suggestion that globes should be used in all English schools in the 16th century for the teaching of world geography.
A council spokesman said: "When naming streets, Mid Suffolk tries to follow national guidelines - one of which stipulates that names should be unambiguous to pronounce or spell.
"Like the developer, whilst we appreciate the historical associations we feel that 'Hakluyt Close', doesn't follow these guidelines and may make it harder to market the development as well as wasting time in an emergency and causing confusion for deliveries.
"We feel that 'Jubilee Lane' is better for these reasons."
He also said the parish council was appealing against our decision and that appeal was going to the community policy panel on 16 April when it will be decided whether to call the street Hakluyt Close or Jubilee Lane.
No-one from Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford Parish Council has been available for comment.


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Mining School Spirit
EL PASO - Fans of the blue and orange continue the pigskin tradition of tailgating as the UTEP Miners prepare to take on the Golden Lions of the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff. For most... the day includes eating, drinking... and most importantly... a showing of Miner pride.
The smell of charcoal wafting from UTEP's campus means football season has arrived.
"I'm just excited about the first home game. I have a bunch of friends here from highschool, and from college. We just bought this grill for the season and we're just ready for the game and go Miners!"
These Miner fans know how to go the extra yard when showing their school spirit.
"We just got a couple tents, some grills, just cooking out, relaxing, having a few beers."
Of course... the food and drinks all lead up to the main event.
"Brings all the fans together before the game, gets them in the right frame mind so everybody's on the same page when we go in there and cheer for our team."
Fans say their support helps the team mine victories on the field.
"A good following of people tailgating has an impact on the team because they know if people are coming out to support."
On-campus tailgating can begin as early as 6 p.m. on the friday before gameday at the RV lot on Schuster Avenue.
This game marks the first of six home games for the season.


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Bourbon Street Distillery, Indianapolis
Bourbon Street is one of those places that I occasionally drive by and think to myself "I need to try this place…", but it seems that each time I'm on a schedule to get somewhere.
A friend recommend their tenderloin, so I made a point to stop here on my way to a downtown music gig.
The night we visited was a cold, snowy night, and also a federal holiday, so downtown was almost deserted, but Bourbon Street was hopping with a steady stream of customers in and out. It was obvious that they have a very loyal following, because the staff seemed to know most of the customers by name.
Their menu has a definite cajun influence, with a number of blackened dishes on the menu. The menu is quite varied, with everything from seafood to steaks to typical bar fare.
Bourbon Street has a 1/2 pound, hand breaded tenderloin. I suspect that this might be the most generous 1/2 pound of meat in the business. A quite ample serving indeed!
The meat itself was simply over the top good. Nice, moist, and tender, and the flavor of the meat was among the most I've ever had. And although the meat was pounded thin, it wasn't paper thin. It was the perfect thickness to get the texture of the meat in every bite.
And the breading was just as good as the meat itself, if not better. REALLY nice and crispy, yet not overdone. I detected just a hint of cornmeal in the breading, which only added to the already outstanding flavor.
So, the breaded tenderloin itself was certainly a 5 out of 5. However, in this case, there were a couple of things that detract from the sandwich as a whole.
First, notice the bun. They smash their buns, and apparently on every sandwich. I realize this might work for some people, but for me, it didn't. The smashed bun became soggy pretty quick, and soggy buns are a no-no for this guy. About halfway through the sandwich, I discarded the bun and finished the meat alone.
Secondly, the condiments were lacking. I ordered onion for my sandwich, and got two very small rings, and one of them was quite wilted. This lack of attention to detail is what will keep many customers from coming back.
And, thirdly, another lack of attention to detail. Bourbon Street's breaded tenderloin sells for $8.25, and that includes your choice of french fries or what they call "hot chips"…their version of home made potato chips. I thought those sounded awfully good, and opted for them, but was served french fries instead.
So, although I'm giving the meat/breading itself a 5 out of 5, the lack of attention to detail brings the sandwich as a whole down to a 4. Add to that a borderline rude waitress during the first half of our meal, the score for the experience as a whole drops to a 3.5 out of 5.
All that said, this restaurant has some really shining bright spots. Holly chose a steak special and I do believe it was one of the best steaks I've ever tasted. And, their dessert featured sugar cream pie. That's a rarity and I was VERY glad to see it on a menu.
Bourbon Street Distillery is located at 361 Indiana Avenue in Indianapolis. It is a 21 and over, smoking restaurant.
4 Comments »
It's really a shame about Bourbon Street. I used to be a regular there, and often took clients there. About a year ago, their service REALLY started to go downhill. I'd get wrong orders and rude service. I brought it to the manager's attention one time, and he was as rude to me as the waitress was. At that point, I decided there were plenty of restaurants downtown that would like to have my business and vowed to never go back.
It's too bad, though, because their food is really good. I can't understand, with such bad service, why they have such a healthy following.
By the way, I really enjoy your blog, and generally agree with your ratings!
Comment by Dave | February 17, 2010 |
[…] You find the original post here breadedtenderloin.wo … | thetenderloinconnoisseur […]
Pingback by Bourbon Street Distillery, Indianapolis | February 24, 2010 |
I am a big fan of The Distillery. I would urge you to try again, perhaps during the summer when you can sit out on deck. The tenderloins taste even better out side.
Comment by Jeff Downer Indianapolis | October 13, 2011 |
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The Daily Gambling Fix 12/27/11 — Lana Grazovskaya
Here are some of the best sports plays for all you gamblers out there.
The Game: Utah Jazz @ Los Angeles Lakers
The Reason: With the lockout forcing the NBA to condense their schedule, some teams will be forced to play as much as three games in three consecutive days. The Lakers will be the first team forced into such a situation, as they will play their third game since Christmas Day tonight when they host the Utah Jazz. It may be hard to believe that the Lakers will lose their first three games of the season, but it is even harder to believe that they will be able to win their third game in three night's with Kobe Bryant nursing a wrist injury. Look for the Jazz to cover the spread, and they could even earn the straight-up victory.
The Game: Calgary Flames @ Columbus Blue Jackets
The Reason: The Blue Jackets have struggled mightily this season and they are currently in the midst of a five-game losing streak. their latest loss came in Chicago last night. Now they will have to travel back home to take on a Calgary Flames team that has won their last three games in a row. Look for the Blue Jackets' losing streak to continue as the Flames come away with the win tonight.
2011 Record: (231-227-9), Last Week: (5-5)
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Tarleton Rodeo Arena Theft on 02/27
Between 02/23 and 02/27 an unknown subject or subjects broke into and entered the Tarleton Rodeo Arena and stole around $13,000 worth of property.
There have been similar thefts within Erath County and we are currently working with other local law enforcement agencies to solve this crime.
We urge anyone with any information concerning this crime to contact Detective Kristie Bint at the Tarleton Police Department at 254-968-9776.
You may also contact the Erath County Crime Stoppers at 254-965-CASH. If you call Crime Stoppers and your tip leads to an arrest or the recovery of the stolen property, you are eligible for a cash reward up to $1,000. Callers will not be asked their name an will remain anonymous.


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Tattoo artists ink Christian designs
Jennifer Lee Preyss
Oct. 20, 2010 at 5:20 a.m.
DID YOU KNOW?Tattooing has become one of America's fastest growing categories of retail business.
An estimated 15,000 tattoo studios are reportedly in operation, and it is estimated that at least one new studio opens daily.
Approximately 15 percent of Americans, or about 40 million people, have at least one tattoo.
In 1936 Life magazine estimated that 6 percent of the population, or 10 million Americans, had a tattoo.
About 16 percent of men in the United States have a tattoo, and 15 percent of women have at least one tattoo.
SOURCE: www.associatedcontent.com
Not everyone will agree with Cheryl Mallette and her daughter Christy Martin's method of Christian ministry. But for them, it's the best way to reach unbelievers, they said.
As president and vice president of Timeless Tattoo Studio in Victoria, the mother-daughter pair is determined to share God's love with clients.
"I feel this is how I was called to minister to God's people, and I feel like I have a great opportunity to reach souls this way," Mallette said.
As the only Christian tattoo studio in Victoria, Mallette, 38, and Martin, 20, said their clients can expect much more than a professional and all-custom tattoo experience in their store. In addition to Timeless Tattoo's spa-like ambience, the studio provides a Bible study and prayer room on-site, and adheres to a company policy against performing tattoos that reflect demonic, satanic, or occult messages. They also will not tattoo on private areas of the body.
Mallette and Martin are recent converts to Christianity, but their experience with custom tattoo artistry dates back nearly two decades.
"I started apprenticing when I was 21, when Christy was about 4 years-old, and at that time I only had one tattoo," Mallette said. "Christy sort of grew up around the business."
Today, Mallette and Martin are heavily tattooed and pierced, each of them inked with about 40 different designs. And some of them aren't necessarily representative of a Christian message.
"We didn't know Christ then, and we have a few tattoos that definitely reflect our previous life," Mallette said.
Some of their tattoos, she said, are risqué and profane, and they are both now considering having them modified.
"I have this tattoo that says F.T.W. and I'm not sure what I'm going to do about that yet," Mallette said, pointing to a colorful skull tattoo on her neck with the acronym F.T.W. etched below.
"We can say it means 'For the wind,'" Martin said, laughing.
Between them, they also share several facial piercings, including metal bars and rings on the philstrum, bridge of the nose, septum, upper and lower lips, and cheeks, and both of their earlobes are stretched.
The business of tattooing is widely controversial in Christian circles because of the Old Testament Bible verse, Leviticus 19:28, that states, "Do not cut your bodies for the dead or put tattoo marks on yourselves. I am the Lord."
Many Christians believe they should still adhere to the Old Testament laws, while other Christians believe the New Testament in the Bible is a new covenant between God and man, and therefore the Mosaic laws of the Old Testament may not apply in certain cases.
Timeless Tattoo patron Amber Kilmer, 19, a Christian who attends Faith Family regularly, said she appreciates having a tattoo studio that adheres to Christian principles.
"I think it's great," Kilmer said. "A lot of people think Christianity looks a certain way, but I think God can love all people no matter what they look like."
On Friday, Kilmer will receive her first custom-drawn tattoo from Mallette.
Regardless of whether Christians see tattooing as right or wrong, Mallette said Christians of every stripe participate in body modification.
"Prior to being saved, people would ask me whether I thought tattooing was wrong, and I would tell them there are a lot of forms of body modification that people do without even thinking about it: They pierce their ears, cut their hair, have breast implants and face lifts, they get their nails done, and some women even tattoo eye liner and lip liner on their face," Mallette said. "Society sees those as normal, so where's the line?"
For now, Mallette and Martin see their body art and piercings as a way to reach people who wouldn't traditionally be excited about God.
"I think people of all walks can be used to minister now, and God may be using us to reach people who would never step foot in a church otherwise," she said.


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The 2014 Polk County Agri-Fest dates are March 10th – 14th and 17th – 21st.
Author Archives: sharonw
Congratulations to Nick Steele of Auburndale High School, he placed 2nd overall in a very close competition at the Farm Bureau District 5 Speech Contest last night.
Nick represented Polk County very well last night and we are very proud of his accomplishments!


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The multipack of JBL® RIF6 speaker frames surrounds your sound with a professional finish comparable to that of the pros. The kit is compatible with JBL HTI6 and SP6 speakers. Designed to be installed in your wall before the drywall is hung, this handsomely designed frame will complement your home audio collection and your listening space with style.
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At Mound Laser & Photonics Center we strive to create an empowered team environment where core values are promoted, open discussion of ideas are encouraged, individuals are encouraged to take on multiple roles and tasks, make their own decisions and truly have the ability to make an impact on the business.
If you are interested in joining the team at MLPC, you can expect to work in a fast paced, dynamic environment where you'll have plenty of opportunity to learn, grow and contribute to leading edge scientific innovation in the rapidly evolving and growing laser processing industry.
Please forward your resume to email@example.com.


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Halloween skin put back in closet
My Halloween skin was part fun, part a proof of what you can do in a short time with CSS. It also was an experiment with Flash font replacement. In case you still want to have a look at it, here's a screenshot:
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Tax Incentive for North Dakotans – Find out more about expanded legislation that could help you receive a significant reduction in your North Dakota state income tax bill.
It's easy. It's simple. And the difference it makes is tremendous. Click here to find out more about becoming a Sustainer.
Become a Corporate Sponsor and reach your target audience
Your partnership with Prairie Public Broadcasting is win/win! Supporting quality television and radio is important to our community, and Prairie Public's viewers and listeners want to do business with their friend…you!


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Browning® Black Label Shadowfax Limited Edition Tactical Knife
Item # WX2-222625
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You must be 18 years of age to purchase this item.
Shipping restrictions apply to this product under some jurisdictions. Known age, state and local shipping requirements are applied at checkout and may result in changes to an order.
This item cannot ship to Canada.
This item cannot ship internationally.
- Details & Specs
Limited Edition, just 500 made! Browning® Black Label Shadowfax Limited Edition Tactical Knife.
Legendary excellence lives! Browning's Black Label Tactical Blades combine custom-grade workmanship, exquisite materials and cutting edge design to produce the most efficient and exotic tactical blades available anywhere.
The massive and imposing Shadowfax features a hefty 4 5/ 8 " drop-point blade crafted of premium polished 154CM stainless steel, with a sloping front guard and flared pommel. The finger grooved handle is of textured G-10 laminate.
The matte black Blade-Tech molded polymer sheath allows you to position the Shadowfax at virtually any angle and mounts securely to your belt, web gear or tactical vest. Ready to deploy on your next mission, the no-nonsense Shadowfax is made with pride in the USA. Knife is 9" overall, and comes in a beautiful collector's box.
Edition Tactical Knife
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Chicagotribune – A team of golden retrievers made an 800-mile journey from the Chicago area to Newtown, Conn., Saturday evening to comfort those affected by the recent school massacre. Lutheran Church Charities deployed about 10 of the canines for residents who want to pet them while they talk or pray with the dog's handler, said Tim Hetzner, president of the Addison-based organization."Dogs are non-judgmental. They are loving. They are accepting of anyone," Hetzner said. "It creates the atmosphere for people to share." Each dog carries a business card with its name, Facebook page, twitter account and email so those that meet the canine can keep in touch The dogs' first stop Sunday in Newtown was Christ the King Lutheran Church, which is holding two funerals this week for two children who were slain during the shooting, Hetzner said."You could tell which ones …were really struggling with their grief because they were quiet," Hetzner said. "They would pet the dog, and they would just be quiet." The initiative has grown from a handful of dogs in the Chicago area to 60 dogs in six different states, he said. Since then, the dogs have traveled across the nation to comfort people in the aftermath of major tragedies such as, Hurricane Sandy, and the tornado that hit Joplin, Mo.On Monday, the dogs plan to be with Sandy Hook students for after-school activities, Hetzner said.
What do you do when some madman shoots up an elementary school? When the entire Nation is mourning and second guessing humanity? When the Mayan apocalypse is around the corner? When the Patriots lose? When evil looks like it's about to triumph over good? What do you do? The only thing you can do at a moment like this. Send in a bunch of Golden Retrievers to comfort those who are suffering. Dogs that are specifically trained to find sad people, look them in the eyes and get pet. No they can't change the past, but at least they can help people cope with the present. The unspoken bond between humans and dogs once again on full display. Meanwhile the West Baptist Church continues to recruit cats to join their movement of hate and vitriol.


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Ikat for Spring! Available through my Etsy Shop.
Kelim Dream – New pillows for 2013 available on my Etsy Store
Just in time for Christmas my industrial chic pillows are available! These beauties are headed to the Trade Roots store and then maybe to a sofa you know? Sizes available
This series is called YUMA – I love the tribal print and earthy colours. Fabric (front) 100% Cotton (back) 55% Linen 45% Cotton. Sizes Available
My YUMA collection of pillows are available exclusively at Trade Roots Home Furnishings and Decor located at 545 Herald St. Victoria, BC. Contact the store for availability and pricing.


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Hybrid Distance-Learning Program
Custom language instruction for busy professionals who want to maintain their language skills while fulfilling professional responsibilities.
Our customized hybrid programs include one to two weeks of intensive face-to-face instruction through Custom Language Services at the Institute followed by a distance-learning component that includes both synchronous and asynchronous instruction.
The face-to-face component allows the learner to develop a working relationship with their instructor and enables the instructor to assess the student and determine learning objectives in a personalized setting. The distance-learning component provides flexibility and convenience for busy schedules. The combination of both components ensures a satisfying learning experience.
Hybrid Program Highlights
- Combined face-to-face and distance-learning instruction
- Customized one-on-one or small-group instruction
- Tailored curriculum designed to meet the specific needs of the client
- Flexible program scheduling
- Training provided for smooth transition from a face-to-face to a distance-learning environment


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Incest in the Bible refers to sexual relations between certain close kinship relationships which are prohibited by the Hebrew Bible. These prohibitions are found predominantly in Leviticus 18:8-18 and 20:11-21, but also in Deuteronomy. The biblical categories of prohibited relationships does not entirely match the modern definitions of prohibited incestuous relations in force in various countries or of the various Christian denominations. (see Affinity (canon law) and Laws regarding incest.)
A few books of the Bible, particularly the early parts of the Torah, contain narratives in which certain individuals, from the same family as one another, engage in sexual intercourse together; while this could be construed as incest, endogamy is an alternative interpretation. The Bible does not, for example, forbid cousins from marrying, but it does prohibit sexual relations with several other close relatives.
In ancient times, tribal nations preferred endogamous marriage - marriage to one's relatives;[1] the ideal marriage was usually that to a cousin, and it was often forbidden for an eldest daughter to even marry outside the family.[1] Marriage to a half-sister, for example, is considered incest by most nations today, but was common behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half-brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them,[2] and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his sister as unusual,[3] rather than wicked.[1]
Leviticus 18 and 20 lists the prohibited incestuous relationships,[4] and two chapters later specifies punishments for specific incestuous unions, but this second list of unions is much shorter than the first;[5] textual scholars regard the lists as having originally been independent documents, bound together at a later point.[6][7][8] The Deuteronomic Code gives a yet more simple list of forbidden relationships - just parent's daughter (including sister), father's wife (including mother), and mother-in-law.[9][10] These lists only mention relationships with female relatives; excluding lesbianism, this implies that the list is addressed to men. These lists of forbidden unions compare as follows (the relations highlighted in red are those that are forbidden):
Leviticus 18 | Leviticus 20 | Deuteronomy | |||
Grandfather's wife (including grandmother) | |||||
Father's wife | Mother | ||||
Stepmother | |||||
Mother-in-law | |||||
Aunt | Parent's sister | ||||
Uncle's wife | Father's brother's wife | ||||
Mother's brother's wife | |||||
Parent's daughter | Half-sister (mother's side) | ||||
Father's daughter | Sister | ||||
Half-sister (father's side) | |||||
Step sister | |||||
Sister-in-law (if the wife was still alive) | |||||
Niece | |||||
Wife's daughter | Daughter | ||||
Stepdaughter | |||||
Daughter-in-law | |||||
Wife's child's daughter (including granddaughter) |
One of the most notable features of all the lists is that sexual activity between a man and his own daughter is not explicitly forbidden. Although the first relation mentioned after the Levitical prohibition of sex with "near kin" names that of "thy father",[11] it must be taken into account that the Hebrew original text only addresses male Jews with regard to their female relatives.[12] The talmud argues that the absence is because the prohibition was obvious, especially given the proscription against a relationship with a granddaughter,[13] although some biblical scholars have instead proposed that it was originally in the list, but was then accidentally left out from the copy on which modern versions of the text ultimately depend, due to a mistake by the scribe.[14] The second list in the Holiness code noticeably differs from the first by not including the closer relatives, and it might be assumed that obviousness is the explanation here as well.[1] One might argue that the explicit prohibition against engaging in sexual activity with a woman as well as with her daughter,[15] implicitly forbids sexual activity between a man and his daughter. However, the rationale might suggest otherwise (the original text is unclear here), since it mentions only that "they" (i.e. the woman and the daughter) are related.[16] John Calvin did not consider the father-daughter-relation to be explicitly forbidden by the bible, but regarded it as immoral nevertheless.[17]
Apart from the case of the daughter, the first incest list in the Holiness code roughly produces the same rules as were followed in early (pre-Islamic) Arabic culture;[1] in Islam, these pre-existing rules were made statutory.[14] The rules in this list are, however, ignored in several prominent cases in the Torah - Jacob is described as having married his first wife's sister,[18][19][20] and Abraham as having a father in common with Sarah[2] (rather than a mother, which would have been permitted by the list).
Ezekiel implies[14] that, in his time, marriage between a man and his stepmother, or his daughter-in-law, or his sister, were frequent.[21] This situation seems to be the target of the Deuteronomic version of the incest prohibition, which only addresses roughly the same three issues[1][14] (though prohibiting the mother-in-law in place of the daughter-in-law). Early rabbinic commentators instead argue that the Deuteronomic list is so short because the other possible liaisons were obviously prohibited, and these three were the only liaisons difficult to detect, on account of the fact that, in their day, a man's stepmother, half-sister, and mother-in-law usually lived in the same house as the man (prior to any liaison).[22]
The biblical lists are not symmetrical - the implied rules for women are not the same. Ignoring family members involved in homosexual liaisons (for the sake of simplicity), they compare as follows (blue = forbidden for men only, red = forbidden for women only, purple = forbidden for both men and women):
Leviticus 18 | Leviticus 20 | Deuteronomy | |||
Grandparent's spouse (including other grandparent) | |||||
Parent's spouse | Parent | ||||
Stepparent | |||||
Parent-in-law | |||||
Uncle/Aunt | Parent's sibling | ||||
Uncle's/Aunt's spouse | Father's sibling's spouse | ||||
Mother's sibling's spouse | |||||
Parent's child | Half-sibling (mother's side) | ||||
Father's child | Sibling | ||||
Half-sibling (father's side) | |||||
Step sibling | |||||
Sibling-in-law (if the spouse was still alive) | |||||
Nephew/Niece | Sibling's child | ||||
Nephew/Niece-in-law | Spouse's brother's child | ||||
Spouse's sister's child | |||||
Spouse's child | Child | ||||
Stepchild | |||||
Child-in-law | |||||
Spouse's grandchild (including grandchild) |
The Bible mentions a number of sexual relationships, all of which relate to pre-Sinai period prior to the handing down of the Mosaic law:


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Well, life is finally getting better after the crap I had to go through last month.
I get a new job, and then illness and car problems try to rip me away from it, and then on top of that my best friend announces he's moving to Arizona for good this time, and he was the last friend who lived near me.
So I just felt like crap and run down, but I'm not sure if it's just because I'm no longer sick or what, but now I feel really good. I quit smoking two weeks ago and finally have the capacity to stay quit. I have also been going to the gym every single day which makes me feel great.
Now I just hope I can move out soon. I'm tired of living in Utah but I need to stick with my job for a while so I guess it's for the best.
Although I already passed the mock test (which is harder than the real thing), I'm going to put off taking the ZCE (PHP engineer) because it's kind of expensive for me right now. Once I take that, though, I'll be ready to start studying for the MCSD again, this time even more prepared, because in preparing for the ZCE, I learned more about serious OO architecture, learned RegEx, and learned how to crack, which will be great to know for the MCSD tests I will be taking (especially Design and Security). The design test has team management questions on it, though, and I wouldn't know much about that. All of this PHP experience will probably be great for the ASP.NET test too.
I think I'm going to learn how to use linux and maybe some more DBA stuff as well.
I want to enter google's ANDROID developer challenge, but I'm so busy I don't know if I'd have enough time to both make the application AND learn Java. Java is just like C# but it'd still take some time that I don't have.
Either way, other than Gwabs, you won't see anything from me for a while. I need to fix the rest of my life before I get back with my hobby.


text:
- Destinations:
- Europe,
- Italy,
- Puglia
This trip is for a small group of people all foodies and passionate about learning about the Mediterranean cuisine of Puglia and local wines. They want to meet local people who will guide them through the local cuisine and culture, who speak fluent English and are very professional. They don't want to do what the other tourists do. I would definetely recommend the Stile Mediterraneo Cooking School in Puglia for an authentic experience on how to prepare the traditional cuisine of Puglia
Editor's Pick
Patria Palace, Italy
Lecce 73100, Italy
Tel: 39 0832 245 111
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.patriapalacelecce.com/ita/index.htm
Starwood, bless its corporate vastness, hasn't ruined this 17th-century palace, though a little bit of soul was lost in the renovation. Still, the 67 rooms, with their shades-of-blue decor and faux-antique TV armoires, are the best in town (especially the second-floor front ones with the little balconies), and the efficient service hits the spot. The Patria Palace is also in a great position, right opposite the Basilica of Santa Croce, and the valet parking means you can leave the car and explore Lecce's Baroque splendors on foot. Atenze, the restaurant, attracts plenty of custom from outside the hotel.
Editor's Pick
La Sommitá Relais Culti, Italy
Ostuni 72017, Italy
Tel: 39 083 130 5925
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.lasommita.relaisculti.com
Puglia's ultimate design hotel, La Sommità Relais Culti, is one of those places that require a certain effortunless you are a Milanese model or a fashion mag editor, in which case it's a real home away from home. Opened in 2003, this ten-suite inn is a showcase for the holistic lifestyle brand created by "project of the senses" guru Alessandro Agrati. Just about everything you see here is Culti, from the tableware in the elegantly minimalist restaurant to the crisp cotton bed linen, from the Mareminerale products used in the Relais' underground spa to the oversize armchairs that dominate the first-floor lounge. But the branding is discreet, and the setting makes up for the occasional product push. The Relais is carved out of a once-grand aristocratic town house that stands at the highest point of Ostunithe famous cittá bianca (white town) of Puglia. Sensitively restored, the palazzo's rough sandstone ceiling vaults play off against the smooth lines of the Culti furnishings and bathroom fittings. Best of all is the walled orange garden outsideits 40-year-old trees provide the fruit for the Relais' breakfast marmalade. Steps lead up from here to a series of balconies with views over the roofs of the old town to the distant sea: a perfect place for evening aperitivi. The service may appear frosty after all that Puglian warmth outside, but pretend that this is Milan rather than Ostuni and it will seem positively effusive.
Già Sotto l'Arco, Italy
Carovigno, Italy
Tel: 39 083 199 6286
Website: www.giasottolarco.it
It used to be a humble osteria situated under the old arch ("sotto l'arco"), but the third generation of the Buongiorno family, led by chef Teresa, has moved up in the world, in more ways than one. Now on the second floor of an 18th-century palazzo in the center of this delightfully laid-back southern town, Già Sotto l'Arco is considered by many to be Puglia's best restaurant. The decor feels neo-Bourbon (that's the royals, not the drink), with shiny old leather-upholstered chairs and glossy pastel doors being set off by the uniform white walls and ceilings of this elegant arched dining room. But the welcome is warm and the good vibes continue on the plate, with seasonal dishes rooted in the territory. An autumn selection might include bucatini with ricotta and wild fennel on a sauce of bitter tomatoes, or seared lamb chops with caponatina (a local variation on the classic Sicilian vegetable casserole) and roast eggplant. The cuisine is surprisingly simple but spot-onthis is the kind of unfussy high-class joint that even those allergic to high-class joints will enjoy.
Open Tuesdays through Sundays.
The fornello is a brand of ultra-local osteria that exists only in Puglia. A throwback to a time when povertyand the fire riskmeant that few people had proper ovens or grills at home, fornelli are essentially butcher's shops, with an attached grill room where clients can tuck into such delicacies as gnumarieddi, a mix of lamb and goat organ meats stuffed into a casing made from lamb intestines (it tastes better than it sounds); bombette, plump sausages made with cured pork shoulder (capocollo), pecorino cheese, and herbs; or simple pork chops, with or without a dusting of bread crumbs and Parmesan. The drill: First choose the meat at the counter (it's charged by weight), then file through to the back room (or next-door locale); sit at one of the simple wooden tables and salivate while you watch your selection being grilled or roasted on the wood-burning range. Other items on the menu consist mostly of hunks of freshly baked local bread and a flask of robust Primitivo red wine. Some fornelli offer a small antipasti selection, though you'll be hard-pressed to find a salad: This is unrepentant carnivore territory. The fertile Valle d'Itria is fornelli heartland, especially the picturesque hill town of Cisternino. Expect to pay around $25 a head. Here we list a few of Puglia's most renowned fornelli, but most inland villages between Bari and Brindisi will have at least one, and it's invariably good.
Al Fornello Da Ricci, Italy
Ceglie Messapica, Italy
Tel: 39 083 137 7104
Young Antonella Ricci shares her Michelin-starred kitchen with her mother, Dora, and her husband, Vinod Sokar. But with its long tables, copper lamps, and beams, this farmhouse-style restaurant comes on more rootsy than snooty. The culinary style is half suited to the surroundings and half aiming for something less povera: soufflé omelets with mint or spinach, ricotta-stuffed zucchini-flower fritters, grilled skewer of suckling kid, sausage and chicken livers with green salad Afterward, take your espresso (or grappa) in the garden and contemplate the stone building with a conical roof, known as a trulli.
Open Wednesdays through Monday afternoons.
See + Do
Valle D'Itria
Between Bari and Brindisi the fertile Valle d'Itria is one of the great market gardens of Italy. Almonds, fruit trees, and cherry tomatoes grow alongside the grapevines in the cooler hills, and great gnarled olives, some of them hundreds of years old, carpet the coastal plain, with fortified farmhouses known as masserie rising above the green sea here and there. The area is most famous for its conical trulli dwellings, concentrated in the town of Alberobello, but there's plenty more to see. Two historic towns in particular should not be missed. Martina Franca is like a mini Lecce, but here it's more the fabric of the charming sandstone town rather than its individual churches or palazzi that is the attraction. And then there's la città bianca, Ostuni, an M.C. Escheresque warren of whitewashed houses, which seem to have grown spontaneously and merged into each other over the centuries.
See + Do
Alberobello & The Trulli, Puglia, Italy
The countryside around UNESCO World Heritage site Alberobello looks like the homeland of some lost race of fairytale folk, thanks to its trullithousands of extraordinary tiny, whitewashed limestone cylindrical houses with conical slate roofs, some daubed with symbols or topped by finials that have something runic about them. Contrary to their appearance and in defiance of their enduring mysterious reputation, the earliest are less than 300 years old, yet their origins may go back much further, as the trullo is easily made, and easily knocked down again. There are trulli throughout the Valle d'Itria, but only in Alberobello have they strayed from country to townand been turned into a tourist attraction.
See + Do
The Salento, Puglia, Italy
Puglia's wild southern promontory has been compared to Cornwall, and with its spectacular coastline, windswept interior, and deep-rooted folk traditions, it's easy to see why. Stretching south from Lecce, the Salento takes in the historic port towns of Otranto (on the Adriatic side) and Gallipoli (on the western, Ionian coast). The Salento also has some of Puglia's best beachesespecially to the west, where white sand dunes extend for miles north of the resort of Porto Cesareo, and south of Gallipoli. Inland is a primitive landscape of prickly pears, stone walls, and dusty towns, some of which turn out to harbor a few artistic treasures (don't miss the spectacular 15th-century frescoes in the church of Santa Caterina d'Alessandria in sleepy Galatina). And if you're here in summer, try to take in a performance of the tarantella at one of the many village festas. This frantic dance, set to a driving guitar, accordion, and tambourine accompaniment, was believed to cure women of the bite of the tarantula (though most anthropologists tend to agree that there's something a lot more sexual going on).
See + Do
Lecce, Puglia, Italy
Lecce is rich in splendid Baroque architecture, but it's also a vibrant, youthful city with enormous brio and style. From the mid-16th century on, dozens of churches and noble palazzi were built in the local honey-colored sandstone, soft enough to encourage the area's skilled stonemasons to indulge in riotous carvings. Highlights include the Basilica di Santa Croce, an exuberant dance of angels, cherubs, symbolic fauna, and botanical festoons that was begun in 1549 and took 150 years to complete; and the Chiesa del Rosario, the final work of 17th-century genius Giuseppe Zimbalo. There's also a well-preserved Roman amphitheater near the main square, Piazza Oronzo.


text:
Codewalkers.com has released a new programming contest deamed the PHP Open Source Challenge. The purpose of the challenge is to create a real world application that will then be released under an Open Source compatible license. There will be a new challenge released every 30-45 days depending on the complexity of the challenge. The winner of the contest will receive a copy of SourceGuardian, three months of hosting from TheHostingCompany.us, and a choice of any book from Wrox Press. The current, and first, challenge is to create a search engine application.
Php programming community to share and get tips on php programming and php scripts.
A PHP Community suitable for both the young and the advanced programmers. Offers a discussion board, news portal, web-related articles, scripts, blog, photo gallery, oekaki drawing, fun games, and more.
Total Freelance is an online market place where freelancers bid on design projects that have been posted by companies. The company then selects a winning bidder to carry out the task. The registration/membership is completely free.
Online marketplace to match buyer needs and freelancer talents.
Web coding and development forums. Get help on PHP, JavaScript, CGI, XML, web design, and more.
A new community which is dedicated to the discussion of developing web applications and sites using PHP and related technology.
Codenewbie.com is a site dedicated to programming of all sorts. It is a place where newbies can get started or guru's can brush up on past skills. Right now the main features are the forum and the NUM (Newbie User Manuals) sections. NUM's are files written by users on how they did something or what they used. Something written in plain engilsh, that the potential programmer can understand.
NukeZine is an online magazine combining business goals with PHP-Nuke technology to help you make the strategic decisions that affect your website's bottom line. Every month, NukeZine delivers in-depth, mission-critical editorials that reinforce the strategic side of PHP-Nuke technology and the technical aspects of smart websites design and deployment. NukeZine covers issues such as programming, installing "Nukes" (all variants, or "forks"), theme design, databases, troubleshooting, code hacking, webservers, help forums, ISP's, web hosting, testlabs and much more.
Bawlers allow you to post a project, then freelancers place bids on it along with descriptions. They have feedback and profiles that consist of previously done work. Once one if found that meets your personal specs you choose them the project auction is "frozen" until the freelancer accepts or denies the project.
Google Search
Source Codes World.com is a part of Vyom Network.
Sitemap | Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions Copyright ©2003-2015 SourceCodesWorld.com, All Rights Reserved. Page URL: http://www.sourcecodesworld.com/scripts/ModsCentral-11542/default.asp


text:
Meet Marion
Marion E. Altieri calls herself a racing essayist--this allows her the freedom to write for many racing and other equine-related media, and to use adjectives frequently. (She loves adjectives. And absolutely adores alliteration.) She served as Editorial Director of Equicurean magazine for the first two years, and currently writes for several Thoroughbred- and Arabian-related publications: Desert Mirage, Arabian Finish Line and Galopp Magasinet, to name a few.
(The most challenging gig of her life was that of editing a book about Iraqi Purebred Arabians--originally written in Arabic, translated into English. That job stretched her intellectual, spiritual and emotional muscles, she reports--the author became a dear friend, and a colleague with whom she'd love to work, anytime.) She has blogs on Saratoga.com and SaratogaRaceTrack.com, and continues to wait for her opp to write the screenplay for The Next Great Horse Racing Movie. She's jazzed about "Eye on Saratoga"--bringing Saratoga workouts, racing, etc., to your HRN doorstep--and to "The Dish on Arabians," a new blog about an ancient breed.
She's thrilled about joining the HRN team--to be a member of the Nation--and looks forward to a long, healthy and horse-ful relationship with her colleagues.
Join 39,298
other passionate horse racing fans!


text:
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In the vertebrate limb, the posteriorly located zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) regulates digit identity through the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). By genetically marking Shh-responding cells in mice, we have addressed whether the cumulative influence of positive Shh signaling over time and space reflects a linear gradient of Shh responsiveness and whether Shh could play additional roles in limb patterning. Our results show that all posterior limb mesenchyme cells, as well as the ectoderm, respond to Shh from the ZPA and become the bone, muscle, and skin of the posterior limb. Further, the readout of Shh activator function integrated over time and space does not display a stable and linear gradient along the A-P axis, as in a classical morphogen view. Finally, by fate mapping Shh-responding cells in Gli2 and Gli3 mutant limbs, we demonstrate that a specific level of positive Hh signaling is not required to specify digit identities.
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text:
Logistics managers face new challenge in Intra-Asia trade
By Staff
September 30, 2013 - LM Editorial
September 30, 2013 - LM Editorial
Editor's Note: This is the first of a two-part analysis of trade challenges looming in 2014.
Intra-Asia trade will be taking a big step forward toward transparent supply chains with Japan's upcoming Advanced Filing Requirement (AFR). Beginning in March 2014, Japan will be mirroring the US and Canada's requirement for 24-hour advanced filing of bill of lading and cargo details.
Read more in Supply Chain Management Review
Subscribe to Logistics Management magazine
Subscribe today. It's FREE!
Get timely insider information that you can use to better manage your
entire logistics operation. Start your FREE subscription today!
entire logistics operation. Start your FREE subscription today!
Recent Entries
With an eye on capitalizing on future trade and commerce growth in South Asia, express delivery and logistics services provider DHL today rolled out its plans to build an $85 million EUR ($93 million USD) DHL Express South Asia Hub, which will be a 24-hour express hub facility within the Changi Airfreight Center at the Singapore Changi Airport.
While the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has long stated its goal of having Positive Train Control (PTC) technology installed on 40 percent of its network by December 31, 2015, railroad industry stakeholders have repeatedly stated that reaching that deadline would be a stretch. It now appears that the railroad sector has some members of Congress sharing the same line of thought with legislation rolled out this week that pledges to extend the PTC deadline to 2020.
West Coast port authorities may be overstating the obvious when they decry "business as usual." But it's refreshing to see them finally coming around.
Transportation stakeholders reliant on North Carolina's major seaports are welcoming news this week, which outlines plans to enhance the intermodal and cold chain network in the region.
The index ISM uses to measure non-manufacturing growth—known as the NMI—was 56.9 in February, which was 0.2 percent ahead of January and also 0.1 percent ahead of the 12-month average of 56.8. Economic activity in the non-manufacturing sector has grown for the last 61 months, according to ISM.
About the Author
Patrick Burnson, Executive Editor
Patrick Burnson is executive editor for Logistics Management and Supply Chain Management Review. Patrick covers international trade, global logistics, and supply chain management. He lives and works in San Francisco, providing readers with a Pacific Rim perspective on industry trends and forecasts. Contact Patrick Burnson


text:
All Facts of Fishing Facts of Fishing: Perch Dave Mercer is out on the water with buddy JP DeRose for some perch. JP Watch Now Out on a milk run on Facts of Fishing Dave Mercer and Simon Frost are using the Shimano Crucial Rods and the Watch Now 150 pounds of Tarpon Dave takes YouTube sensation Ed Bassmaster to Boca Granda, Florida for Watch Now Fishing can be dangerous... Ouch! - Don't Miss This. Dave gets whopped in the mouth with a wayward drop shot weight. This video Watch Now
Shows Full Schedule Videos Outdoor Interests #WhatGetsYouOutdoors New Show Submission Submit Press Releases Technical Information Privacy Policy Terms of Use Contact Us Links Explore the United States Industry Partners International Media Kit Press Cable Affiliates Employment Subscribe to Newsletter Newsletter Archive DVDs Link To Us Digital Networks MyOutdoorTV Down Range TV CAS City Major League Fishing Lake-Link Field & Stream Outdoor Life


text:
May we suggest
Big Ben, Elizabeth Tower, and Westminster Bridge are a scene of historical grandeur under a lingering gray sky. The picturesque photograph is printed with vivid inks on three separate waterproof vinyl canvases as a triptych to be displayed together. An MDF wood frame serves as the base for this exhibit of timeless London in all its glory. Printed and manufactured in China, this contemporary photo set is fully assembled and ready to hang, though mounting hardware is not included. To clean, we recommend dry dusting.
- Contemporary photography print set
- Triptych: 3 individual frames intended for display together
- Images printed on vinyl canvas
- MDF frames
- Waterproof vinyl
- Made in China
- Fully assembled and ready to hang
- Mounting hardware not included
- Dry dust to clean
There are no swatches images.


text:
Musicians come together to aid youth ranch
Sonny Long
Oct. 11, 2013 at 5:11 a.m.
Updated Oct. 12, 2013 at 5:12 a.m.
Other performers
The musical marathon will also include artists David Ball, Austin Cunningham, Bobby Flores, Tim Rushlow, Jan Howard, Marilyn Sellars, Mundo Earwood, Brett Danaher, Danny Everitt, Frank Gilligan, Clifton Jansky, Billy Mata, Dale Phillips and Geronimo Trevino.
• WHAT: Golf Tournament and Showdown
• WHEN: Sunday and Monday
• WHERE: Victoria Country Club
• FOR MORE INFORMATION: Contact Jessica Gumm at 361-772-2199 or email email@example.com
Two for the price of one is a good deal, but you can get a greater deal - 21 for the price of one - at the 32nd annual Bluebonnet Youth Ranch Showdown and Dance at Schroeder Hall on Monday
The musical marathon - which starts at 6:30 p.m. and lasts until midnight - includes Jack Ingram, Rick Trevino, Gary P. Nunn, Janie Fricke and Gary Morris.
"When we started calling, everybody said yes," said Allen Shamblin, a songwriter in his own right and host of this year's event. "I was thrilled with the reception. I am looking forward to a great show."
Also expected to perform for the 30th year at the event is George Chambers and the Country Gentlemen.
Tickets are $15 in advance and $20 at the door. A catered meal is also available for $8.
Doors open at 5:30 p.m.
Advance tickets are available at Victoria Fastop and on the Schroeder Dance Hall website.
The dance is the culmination of two days of events that also include a golf tournament - featuring celebrity sports figures - and a dinner and auction.
Although the golf tournament at Victoria Country Club is full, tickets are available for the dinner and auction Sunday at the Spring Creek Place Events Center.
Tickets are $50 and can be purchased at the door.
Doors open at 5:30 p.m. for cocktails and a meet and greet with the participating celebrities.
Dinner catered by the Victoria Country Club will be served at 6 p.m., and the silent auction will also begin at this time. Celebrity introductions and live auction will follow at 7 p.m.
Following the live auction, several of the featured entertainers will perform in an intimate setting in the facility's pavilion.
For more information, call 361-772-2199.


text:
"In my opinion, the two hardest circuits on the calendar are Monaco and Singapore," reckons Scuderia Ferrari test driver Pedro de la Rosa, talking to Ferrari.com, when Monaco is mentioned. There is no room for error, you must always be on the limit and brush all the walls and barriers without ever losing concentration. For these reasons, all the drivers treat the race with admiration and respect, because here, probably more than at any other track, the driver's contribution is vital. The mechanical side is no less important however. Suspension parts and the gearbox come under a lot of strain and you need to set the car up with maximum levels of understeer to tackle the many slow corners.
"This year it will be very interesting to see how the drivers tackle the Loews hairpin," continues Pedro. "Because with one extra gear, they will have to work out whether to take it in first gear or if it will be possible to use second and therefore have a better exit speed." Experience always plays an important role in Monaco. "It's a wonderful circuit," maintains Pedro. "But it's easy for a driver to get caught out, so you need to be very careful not to damage the car and keep off the barriers, do a perfect lap in qualifying and a race with no mistakes."
Listening to this explanation it might see easy, but even talking to your engineer on the radio is complicated in Monaco. "There are no straights!" adds Pedro. "So without ever losing concentration, you also have to talk on the radio and even in this area you can tell the difference between a good driver and a brilliant one."