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Hydrazine Sulfate (PDQ®): Complementary and alternative medicine - Health Professional Information [NCI]
This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER |
Hydrazine Sulfate
Purpose of This PDQ Summary
This PDQcancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the use of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for cancer. The summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine Editorial Board.
Information about the following is included in this summary:
- A brief history of hydrazine sulfate research.
- The results of clinical studies of hydrazine sulfate.
- Possible side effects of hydrazine sulfate use.
This summary is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians and other health professionals who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.
Some of the reference citations in the summary are accompanied by a level of evidence designation. These designations are intended to help the readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or treatment strategies. The PDQ Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine Editorial Board uses a formal evidence ranking system in developing its level of evidence designations. These designations should not be used as a basis for reimbursement determinations.
This summary is also available in a patient version, which is written in less technical language.
This complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) information summary provides an overview of the use of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for cancer. The summary includes a brief history of hydrazine sulfate research, results of clinical trials, and possible side effects of hydrazine sulfate use.
This summary contains the following key information:
- Hydrazine sulfate is a chemical that has been studied as a treatment for cancer and as a treatment for the body wasting (i.e., cachexia) associated with this disease.
- It has been claimed that hydrazine sulfate limits the ability of tumors to obtain glucose, which is a type of sugar used by cells to create energy.
- Hydrazine sulfate has been shown to increase the incidence of lung, liver, and breasttumors in laboratory animals, suggesting it causes cancer.
- There is only limited evidence from animal studies that hydrazine sulfate has anticancer activity.
- Hydrazine sulfate has shown no anticancer activity in randomized clinical trials, and data concerning its effectiveness in treating cancer-related cachexia are inconclusive.
- Hydrazine sulfate has been marketed in the United States as a dietary supplement or a nutraceutical by some companies; however, its use as an anticancer drug outside of clinical trials has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Many of the medical and scientific terms used in the summary are hypertext linked (at first use in each section) to the NCI Web site Dictionary, which is oriented toward nonexperts. When a linked term is clicked, a definition will appear in a separate window. All linked terms and their corresponding definitions will appear in a glossary in the printable version of the summary.
Reference citations in some PDQ CAM information summaries may include links to external Web sites that are operated by individuals or organizations for the purpose of marketing or advocating the use of specific treatments or products. These reference citations are included for informational purposes only. Their inclusion should not be viewed as an endorsement of the content of the Web sites, or of any treatment or product, by the PDQ Cancer CAM Editorial Board or the National Cancer Institute.
General Information
Hydrazine sulfate has been investigated as an anticancer treatment for more than 30 years. It has been studied in combination with established treatments as a chemotherapy agent. It has also been studied as a treatment for cancer-related anorexia (loss of appetite) and cachexia (loss of muscle mass and body weight). Similar to other hydrazine compounds, it has a core chemical structure that consists of two nitrogen atoms and four hydrogen atoms.
Hydrazine sulfate is marketed in the United States as a dietary supplement/nutraceutical by some companies. In the United States, dietary supplements are regulated as foods, not drugs. Therefore, premarket evaluation and approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are not required unless specific disease prevention or treatment claims are made. The FDA can, however, remove from the market dietary supplements that it deems unsafe. The use of hydrazine sulfate as an anticancer treatment outside of clinical trials has not been approved by the FDA. The FDA has not approved the use of hydrazine sulfate for any medical condition.
To conduct clinical drug research in the United States, researchers must file an Investigational New Drug (IND) application with the FDA. To date, the FDA has granted IND status to at least three groups of researchers to study hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for cancer.[1,2,3]
In animal studies, hydrazine sulfate has been added to the drinking water or the food supply, or it has been given by injection. In clinical trials involving cancer patients, hydrazine sulfate has been administered in pills or capsules. Reviewed in [4] In the clinical studies conducted thus far, the dose and the duration of hydrazine sulfate administration have varied.
During the past 90 years, hydrazine compounds have been studied in animal cells grown in the laboratory, in live animals, and in humans. Reviewed in [1] More than 400 hydrazine analogs (related compounds) have been screened for their ability to kill tumors. In 1996, a retrospective review of scientific studies in which the anticancer activity of hydrazine analogs was investigated found that 65 of 82 evaluated compounds showed some anticancer activity in xenograft models (tumor cells of one species transplanted to another species). Reviewed in [1] Of the 82 tested compounds, seven showed activity against human tumor cells and were, therefore, selected for further testing in pilot studies and phase I clinical trials. Reviewed in [1] Among these seven compounds, only procarbazine (a methylhydrazine derivative, also called ibenzmethyzin or natulan) completed preliminary testing in humans. Procarbazine exhibited anticancer activity in patients with Hodgkin disease, melanoma, and lungcarcinoma, and it was ultimately used in several first-line treatmentregimens in the 1960s.[2,3] Reviewed in [1] In view of the initial success with procarbazine, hydrazine sulfate, which is similar in chemical composition, was investigated for anticancer activity beginning in the 1970s. During this period, investigation of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for cancer-related cachexia was also initiated. Research on hydrazine sulfate both as a single agent and in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens continued through the mid-1990s.[4,5,6,7,8,9]
Although it was proposed in the early 1900s that hydrazine compounds are toxic to animals and to humans, they have been administered as antidepressant (e.g., iproniazid), chemotherapy (e.g., procarbazine), and antituberculosis (e.g., isoniazid) drugs. In addition to medicinal uses, hydrazine compounds have been used in industry and agriculture as components of rocket fuel, as herbicides, and as antioxidants in boiler and cooling-tower water. Reviewed in [10,11,12] Many scientists consider hydrazine sulfate and other hydrazine analogs to be cancer-causing agents, and they have expressed concern about the safety of these compounds.[1,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] In the 10th Report on Carcinogens, hydrazine and hydrazine sulfate are listed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' National Toxicology Program as "reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens."[22] When the antituberculosis drug isoniazid and hydrazine antidepressants are combined with purified DNA in the laboratory, they produce hydrogen peroxide and free radicals that can damage the DNA.[17,23] Reviewed in [14] Hydrazine compounds have been reported to cause mutations and chromosome damage in bacteria and in plant and animal cells. Reviewed in [10]
Two mechanisms of action have been proposed for hydrazine sulfate to explain its potential antitumor and anticachexia properties. Both mechanisms involve the utilization of glucose (sugar), which tumors require as a main source of energy for growth. In one proposed mechanism, hydrazine sulfate blocks gluconeogenesis through inhibition of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.[24] Reviewed in [25,26,27,28,29] Gluconeogenesis is a process by which extra glucose (in addition to that obtained from the diet) can be formed in the liver and the kidneys from the breakdown products of sugars, lipids (fats), and proteins. It has been suggested that cachexia occurs because the body must use increasing amounts of energy and other resources, including its own protein, to meet the demand for glucose by tumors.[24] Reviewed in [25,26,27,28,29,30] Blocking gluconeogenesis and interfering with the supply of nutrients to tumors has been proposed as one way to inhibit tumor growth and to prevent cachexia.[24] Reviewed in [25,26,27,28,29,30]
In the second proposed mechanism, hydrazine sulfate inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha activity.[31,32,33,34] TNF-alpha, which is also known as cachectin, is one of a number of substances normally produced by white blood cells in the body in response to infection by microorganisms and in response to other stimuli such as tissue damage. Reviewed in [31,32,34,35,36] Higher-than-normal TNF-alpha production has been observed in white blood cells obtained from cancer patients. Reviewed in [35,36,37] It has been suggested that higher-than-normal levels of TNF-alpha can cause the anorexia, increased energy expenditure, and increased muscle protein breakdown seen in cancer patients. Reviewed in [31,35,36,37] Some of the muscle protein breakdown products would become available for gluconeogenesis. Inhibition of TNF-alpha activity might, therefore, inhibit tumor growth and prevent cachexia.
Laboratory / Animal / Preclinical Studies
Hydrazine compounds have been studied both as potential anticancer drugs and as cancer-causing agents. Early studies of hydrazines, including hydrazine sulfate, were conducted to determine whether these compounds could cause cancer in healthy laboratory animals.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] Reviewed in [10,11] Substantial increases in tumor incidence were observed in most studies that used rats, mice, or hamsters.[1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9] Hydrazine administration was associated with increases in lung, liver, and breast tumors in rats,[2,5] increases in lung and liver tumors in mice,[1,2,3,4,8] and increases in liver tumors in hamsters.[7,9] In one study, hydrazine sulfate increased the incidence of lung tumors in both males and females of the mouse strain C3H, but reduced the incidence of breast adenocarcinomas in C3H females.[3]
Animal studies of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for cancer have investigated this compound as a single agent and in combination with established chemotherapy drugs.[12,13,14,15,16,17,18] In studies conducted in one laboratory, hydrazine sulfate alone was found to cause dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in rats bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma or Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma tumors and in mice bearing B-16 melanoma tumors.[12,13,14] Hydrazine sulfate alone had no effect on solid tumors formed from L-1210 leukemia cells in mice.[13] In work performed in another laboratory, hydrazine sulfate alone inhibited the growth of FBCa bladder cancer tumors in one of two experiments in rats, but it had no effect on the growth of 13762NF mammary adenocarcinomas in rats.[17] Findings from a third laboratory demonstrated that hydrazine sulfate alone had no effect on the growth of Dunning prostate cancer tumors in rats.[18]
It is important to note that the best tumor responses to hydrazine sulfate as a single agent (i.e., tumor reductions of approximately 50% or more) were accompanied by substantial losses in animal body weight.[12,13,14] This finding appears to be inconsistent with the proposed use of hydrazine sulfate as an anticachexia agent.
In other experiments, hydrazine sulfate was combined with individual chemotherapy drugs (cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, methotrexate, bleomycin, fluorouracil [5-FU], carmustine [BCNU], or neocarcinostatin) to treat Walker 256 carcinosarcoma tumors in rats and solid L-1210 leukemia tumors in mice.[13,14,15] For both tumor types, enhanced anticancer effects were observed. In the experiments with L-1210 tumors, cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C were more effective when combined with hydrazine sulfate than they were when used alone.[13] As indicated previously, hydrazine sulfate alone had no effect against solid L-1210 tumors.[13]
Addition of the drug clofibrate to the hydrazine sulfate plus chemotherapy drug combinations was reported to produce even greater antitumor effects.[15] Clofibrate lowers blood lipid levels and has the potential to inhibit gluconeogenesis by limiting the availability of lipid breakdown products for the synthesis of glucose. Reviewed in [15] This three drug treatment regimen, however, was tested against only one type of tumor (Walker 256 carcinosarcomas in rats).[15]
Hydrazine sulfate has also been tested in combination with drugs that affect the uptake of glucose by cells. The combination of hydrazine sulfate and phloretin, a drug that blocks glucose uptake, showed greater activity against FBCa bladder cancer tumors in rats than was found with hydrazine sulfate alone; however, this combination did not exhibit enhanced antitumor activity against 13762NF mammary adenocarcinomas in rats.[17] When hydrazine sulfate was combined with the drug phloridzin, which is similar to phloretin, using the same two tumor models, no increase in anticancer activity was observed.[17] When hydrazine sulfate was combined with the drug phenformin, which increases glucose uptake by cells (and lowers blood glucose levels), enhanced antitumor activity against Walker 256 carcinosarcomas in rats was observed.[16]
In the 1980s, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) conducted preclinical studies of hydrazine sulfate as a single agent, using many of the animal tumor models described above. With the exception of borderline activity against Walker 256 carcinosarcomas in rats, no evidence of antitumor activity was found. Reviewed in [19] In view of these results, NCI recommended against further evaluation of hydrazine sulfate as an anticancer agent. Reviewed in [19] However, clinical investigation of this compound continued, largely because of its potential as a treatment for cancer-related anorexia and cachexia.
Human / Clinical Studies
Most of the information presented here is summarized in a table located at the end of this section.
Hydrazine sulfate has been studied extensively in patients with advanced cancer. These studies have evaluated the following: a) tumorresponse and/or survival among patients with various types of cancer,[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13] b) changes in body weight,[1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,11,12,14] c) carefully measured quality of life,[4,5,6,15] and d) changes in nutritional or metabolic status.[1,4,12,13,16,17]Clinical studies of hydrazine sulfate have been funded by a pharmaceutical company,[3] the Russian government,[7,9,10,18] and by grants from the National Cancer Institute (NCI).[1,2,4,5,6,8,11,12,15,16] They have also been sponsored by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) [5,6] and the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB).[4,15]
The first clinical tests of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for cancer were conducted in the mid-1970s by a pharmaceutical company.[3] In an uncontrolled study of 158 patients with advanced disease, it was found that 45 of 84 evaluable patients had subjective improvements (i.e., the patients reported an increase in appetite, a decrease in weight loss, an increase in strength, or a decrease in pain) and that 14 had objective improvements (i.e., there was measurable tumor regression, stable disease, or improvement in a cancer-related disorder) in response to treatment with hydrazine sulfate. Among the patients with objective responses, two had long-term (17 and 18 months) stabilization of their disease and seven had measurable tumor regression, although the extent and duration of these regressions were not specified. Major weaknesses of this study included the absence of a control (i.e., comparison) group and the fact that 74 of the 158 initially recruited patients could not be evaluated because of poor prognosis, missing documentation, insufficient duration of treatment, and/or concurrent therapy (i.e., therapy given at the same time) with other anticancer drugs.[3]
In 1976, Russian investigators reported findings from 95 patients with advanced cancer who had been treated with hydrazine sulfate after all previous therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy) had failed.[9] Three partial responses (i.e., reductions in tumor size of greater than 50% observed for a period of 4 weeks or more) and no complete responses were noted after 1 to 5 months of treatment. Tumor regressions of 50% or less and stable disease (i.e., cessation of tumor growth for a period of 1.5 to 2.0 months or more) were reported for 16 and 20 patients, respectively.
In 1981, the same investigators published findings from 225 patients with advanced disease who had been treated with hydrazine sulfate after all previous therapy had failed.[10] It appears that the 225 patients described in this second report [10] included the 95 patients described in the first report.[9] Partial responses and stable disease were reported for 4 and 95 patients, respectively, after 1 to 6 months of treatment. No patient experienced a complete response. Subjective improvements in appetite, weight stabilization or gain, pain, fever, breathing, and/or mental outlook were reported by 147 patients.
In 1995, the same Russian investigators published findings from 740 patients with advanced cancer.[7] Once again, it appears that 225 of these 740 patients were described in the earlier reports.[9,10] Partial responses and stable disease were reported for 25 and 263 patients, respectively. Complete responses were noted for six patients. Subjective improvements in cancer-related symptoms were reported by 344 patients.
In 1994, the same investigators reported findings from a clinical series involving 46 patients with malignant brain tumors (38 with glioblastomas, four with astrocytomas, and four with meningiomas) and six patients with benign brain tumors.[18] These patients were not described in the other reports.[7,9,10] All patients in this series appear to have been treated with surgery in addition to hydrazine sulfate therapy, and at least some of the patients were also treated with radiation therapy. Complete or partial regression of neurologic symptoms (e.g., seizures, headaches, sensory and motor disorders, and hallucinations) was reported for 73% of the patients. In addition, longer-than-average survival was reported for most patients. Among the patients with glioblastomas, the increase in average survival time was from 6 months to more than 13 months.[18]
Evaluation of the findings from these Russian clinical series [7,9,10,18] is made difficult by the limited information provided about the patients and their treatment histories. In addition, insufficient information was given about study design and methodology. The absence of control groups; the receipt of prior or concurrent surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy by all patients; and the reliance on subjective measures of quality of life are major study weaknesses. Therefore, it is difficult to ascribe any of the positive findings to treatment with hydrazine sulfate. In contrast with the previously described clinical series, three NCI-funded clinical series found no complete responses or partial responses among a total of 79 patients treated with hydrazine sulfate.[2,8,11] In addition, only temporary, minor improvements in appetite, pain, and weight stabilization or gain were reported by the patients in these series. A weakness in these three clinical series was the absence of control groups.
Findings from four placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials, however, also fail to support the effectiveness of hydrazine sulfate as a cancer treatment in humans.[1,4,5,6,15] In these trials, survival,[1,4,5,6,15] objective tumor response,[1,4,15] and carefully measured quality of life [4,5,6,15] were major endpoints.
One of the trials involved 65 patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer and examined the effects of hydrazine sulfate on survival and nutritional status.[1]. In this trial, patients received either hydrazine sulfate or placebo in addition to a multiple-drug chemotherapy regimen. When all patients were evaluated, no improvement in survival was found with hydrazine sulfate therapy. In addition, no differences were noted in objective tumor response between the hydrazine sulfate group and the placebo group. However, on the basis of caloric intake and the maintenance of serum albumin levels, the nutritional status of the patients in the hydrazine sulfate group was judged better than that of the patients in the placebo group. However, the moderate increases in body weight associated with hydrazine sulfate use did not achieve statistical significance.
A CALGB-sponsored trial also evaluated the use of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer.[4,15] In this trial, 266 patients received either hydrazine sulfate or placebo in addition to a multiple-drug chemotherapy regimen. No differences in survival, objective tumor response, anorexia, weight gain or loss, or nutritional status were observed between the hydrazine sulfate group and the placebo group. However, the quality of life of the patients who received hydrazine sulfate was found to be statistically significantly worse than that of the patients who received placebo.
The use of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer was also evaluated in an NCCTG-sponsored trial.[6] In this trial, 243 patients were randomly assigned to receive either hydrazine sulfate or placebo in addition to a multiple-drug chemotherapy regimen. No statistically significant differences were found between the hydrazine sulfate group and the placebo group with respect to either survival or quality of life.
Another NCCTG-sponsored trial tested hydrazine sulfate alone versus placebo in the treatment of 127 patients with metastaticcolorectal cancer.[5] In this trial, the patients who received hydrazine sulfate had, on average, shorter survival than the patients who received placebo, a finding that was statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the hydrazine sulfate group and the placebo group with respect to weight gain or loss, anorexia, or quality of life.
Four other clinical trials did find some objective evidence of benefit with hydrazine sulfate therapy.[12,13,16,17] These trials had either nutritional status or metabolic status as the primary endpoint. In a placebo-controlled, randomized trial involving 38 patients with advanced disease, hydrazine sulfate was found to improve the abnormal glucose metabolism seen in cancer patients.[13] In another placebo-controlled, randomized trial that involved 101 patients with advanced cancer and weight loss, the use of hydrazine sulfate was associated with statistically significant improvements in appetite and either weight increase or weight maintenance.[12] However, the higher average caloric intake observed in this study for patients treated with hydrazine sulfate compared with patients treated with placebo was not statistically significant.[12] Two other clinical studies involving a total of 34 patients with either lung cancer or colon cancer found that hydrazine sulfate was able to reduce the body protein breakdown associated with cancer cachexia.[16,17] In view of the totality of evidence, the overall importance of the findings from these four clinical trials is not clear.
A search of the PDQ clinical trials database indicates that no clinical trials of hydrazine sulfate as a therapy for cancer are being conducted at this time.
Studies of Hydrazine Sulfate in Which Therapeutic Benefit Was Assesseda
Reference Citation(s) | Type of Study | Type of Cancer | No. of Patients: Enrolled; Treated; Controlb | Strongest Benefit Reportedc | Concurrent Therapyd | Level of Evidence Scoree |
[1] | Randomized clinical trial | Advanced nonsmall cell lung | 65; 32; 33, placebo | None | Yes | 1iA |
[2] | Nonconsecutive case series | Various advanced | 25; 25; None | Slight regression of some metastatic lesions, 1 patient with melanoma | No | 3iiiDiii |
[3] | Nonconsecutive case series | Various advanced | 158; 84; None | Measurable tumor regression, 7 patients | Yes | 3iiiDiii |
[4,15] | Randomized clinical trial | Advanced nonsmall cell lung | 291; 135; 131, placebo | None | Yes | 1iA |
[5] | Randomized clinical trial | Advanced colorectal | 128; 63; 64, placebo | None | No | 1iA |
[6] | Randomized clinical trial | Advanced nonsmall cell lung | 243; 119; 118, placebo | None | Yes | 1iA |
[7,9,10] | Nonconsecutive case series | Various advanced | 763; 740; None | Complete tumor regression, 6 patients | No | 3iiiDiii |
[8] | Nonconsecutive case series | Various advanced | 25; 25; None | None | No | 3iiiDiii |
[11] | Nonconsecutive case series | Various advanced | 32; 29; None | None | Unknown | 3iiiDiii |
[12] | Nonconsecutive case series | Various advanced | 101; 71; 30, placebo | Improved weight maintenance or gain, 41 hydrazine sulfate treated vs. 17 placebo-treated patients | Yes | 3iiiDiii |
[18] | Nonconsecutive case series | Glioblastoma, astrocytoma, or meningiomaf | 465; 46; None | Improved survival, patients with glioblastoma | Yes | Noneg |
Adverse Effects
The side effects associated with hydrazine sulfate use have been mainly gastrointestinal and neurologic.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]Nausea and/or vomiting, dizziness, and sensory and motor neuropathies have been reported.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] The sensory and motor neuropathies have included paresthesias (abnormal touch sensations, such as burning or prickling, in the absence of external stimuli) of the upper and lower extremities (i.e., the arms and the legs, including the hands and the feet), polyneuritis (simultaneous inflammation of several peripheral nerves), and impaired fine motor function (e.g., an impaired ability to write).[2,5,7,8,9] Other side effects have included dry skin and/or itching, insomnia, and hypoglycemia.[1,2,7,9] One case of fatal liver and kidney failure and one case of severe encephalopathy (an injury to the brain) have been associated with the use of hydrazine sulfate.[13,14] The former case involved a man aged 55 years with squamous cell carcinoma of the maximillary sinus who purchased hydrazine sulfate from a source found on the Internet and proceeded to take it without medical advice or supervision. After 4 months he presented with evidence of renal and liver toxicity, which eventually resulted in death. This case highlights the danger of accessing materials and medical information on the Internet and proceeding with self-medication without seeking proper medical advice and supervision.[15]
The side effects of hydrazine sulfate have been described as mild to moderate in severity, and their incidence appears to have been low. Most side effects are reported to resolve when treatment is stopped. However, limited evidence from animal studies suggests that hydrazine sulfate is highly toxic when combined with either alcohol or barbiturates.[16,17,18] Reviewed in [19]
Overall Level of Evidence for Hydrazine Sulfate
Several clinical case series conducted by Russian investigators have indicated that hydrazine sulfate has marginal anticancer activity, but these results are considered inconclusive due to the lack of control groups and insufficient information provided about study methodology. Well-controlled clinical studies conducted in the United States have shown no evidence of anticancer activity. In addition, evidence concerning the effectiveness of hydrazine sulfate as a treatment for cancer-related cachexia and anorexia is inconclusive. Furthermore, hydrazine sulfate has been shown to increase the incidence of several types of tumors in animals, and it has been classified as a potential carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The use of hydrazine sulfate as an anticancer drug outside the context of clinical trials has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and, thus, cannot be recommended.
Separate levels of evidence scores are assigned to qualifying human studies on the basis of statistical strength of the study design and scientific strength of the treatment outcomes (i.e., endpoints) measured. The resulting two scores are then combined to produce an overall score. For additional information about levels of evidence analysis, refer to Levels of Evidence for Human Studies of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Changes to This Summary (05 / 20 / 2008)
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Added text about a man aged 55 years with squamous cell carcinoma of the maximillary sinus who purchased hydrazine sulfate from a source found on the Internet and proceeded to take it without medical advice or supervision (cited Black et al. as reference 15).
More Information
- The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM).
- The National Cancer Institute Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM).
- CAM on PubMed, a special subset of the PubMed scientific literature database created through a partnership between NCCAM and the National Library of Medicine.
- PDQ® - NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database
Full description of the NCI PDQ database.
- PDQ® Cancer Information Summaries: Adult Treatment
Treatment options for adult cancers.
- PDQ® Cancer Information Summaries: Pediatric Treatment
Treatment options for childhood cancers.
- PDQ® Cancer Information Summaries: Supportive and Palliative Care
Side effects of cancer treatment, management of cancer-related complications and pain, and psychosocial concerns.
- PDQ® Cancer Information Summaries: Screening/Detection (Testing for Cancer)
Tests or procedures that detect specific types of cancer.
- PDQ® Cancer Information Summaries: Prevention
Risk factors and methods to increase chances of preventing specific types of cancer.
- PDQ® Cancer Information Summaries: Genetics
Genetics of specific cancers and inherited cancer syndromes, and ethical, legal, and social concerns.
- PDQ® Cancer Information Summaries: Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Information about complementary and alternative forms of treatment for patients with cancer.
This information is intended mainly for use by doctors and other health care professionals. If you have questions about this topic, you can ask your doctor, or call the Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Date Last Modified: 2008-05-20


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PHILIPPI, W.Va. - The Alderson Broaddus University Office of Alumni is pleased to announce a new initiative, the Dr. Robert V. Digman Distinguished Alumni Lecture Series. The Student Alumni Association hosted the very first presentations on campus March 5- 7, 2012.
Students, faculty and staff gathered each day at noon in the Crimson Dining Room, to hear alumni share not only their experience as a student at AB, but how AB provided them the education necessary to find success in their chosen career. The Dr. Robert V. Digman Distinguished Alumni Lecture Series creates an excellent opportunity for the campus to create an atmosphere that encourages dialogue.
"The goal of this lecture series is to educate students about career options in their field of study, provide networking opportunities, open doors for jobs and internships, and provide 'lesson-learned' advice," said Nathan Price, director of alumni relations.
Price says the College plans to host the series twice a year with the next set of presentations to take place during homecoming next fall.
The lecture series kicked off on Monday, March 5 with Tim Morris, class of 1990 who works for Goodwill Industries out of Charleston.
On Tuesday, March 6, Amy (Colaw) Yokum, class of 1995, spoke about her experiences as well as her position in communications and marketing with Medical Doctors Associates.
The inaugural series concluded on Wednesday, March 7 with Matt Ballard, class of 1999, who works for the Charleston Area Alliance in economic development and public administration.
The Dr. Robert V. Digman Distinguished Alumni Lecture Series honors Dr. Robert V. Digman for his outstanding service to Alderson Broaddus University. He has devoted his life to the College, its students, and continues to support the growing campus. Dr. Digman is "honored and humbled" to be recognized in this way.


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One Call Alert has landed retail distribution for its medical alarm system at a number of pharmacy chains.
Supplier News Breaks
HOUSTON – One Call Alert has landed retail distribution for its medical alarm system at a number of pharmacy chains.
One Call Alert said Friday that Shopko, Brookshire Brothers and Associated Food Stores are slated to begin selling the One Call Alert medical alarm through a new display in their pharmacies in February.
A lightweight, waterproof pendant, the One Call Alert system requires just a push of a button to trigger an alarm call to the One Call Alert Emergency Monitoring Center. There, a highly trained operator speaks directly to the person and calls a neighbor, family member or friend to respond. In a medical emergency, the operator can summon an ambulance and provide paramedics with necessary information.
"One Call Alert is proud to offer our life-saving services to customers of these fine retailers. One Call Alert provides a safety net for many seniors who wish to remain at home, but it also provides peace of mind for their family and loved ones, too," stated Linda Clark, chief operating officer of One Call Alert.
One Call Alert reported that according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, falls are the chief cause of injuries to seniors, and about 2 million seniors will visit the emergency room this year because of a fall-related incident.
The company added that the One Call Alert system should be considered for people who have a history of falling, are over age 70, live alone or are left alone for extended periods by a caregiver, use mobility-assisted devices (such as walkers, canes, crutches or wheelchairs), have a history of medication management problems, have been hospitalized within the last 12 months, have sensory concerns (such as vision or hearing), or have cognitive concerns (such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease).


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5 Dividend Stocks That Want to Pay You More
BALTIMORE ( Stockpickr) -- With the S&P 500 up more than 19% year-to-date, it's no surprise that investors are forgetting about dividend stocks this Fall. Sure, I get it. But if dividend payers aren't a key component of your portfolio, you're making a big mistake.
>>5 Stocks Poised for Breakouts
Value investors have been hand-wringing about the broad market for a while now. They're not seeing many bargains anymore. But dividend yields are a great counterpoint right now. As I write, the spread between treasury rates and dividend yields are as high as they've ever been - an indication that equities are sharing more cash with investors than ever before.
That's good for investors, and not just because it means you get a check each quarter.
Over the last three and a half decades, dividend stocks have outperformed the rest of the S&P 500 by 2.5% annually, and they outperformed nonpayers by nearly 8% every year, all while paying out cash to their shareholders, based on data compiled by Ned Davis Research. The numbers are even more compelling when looking at companies that consistently increase their payouts. >>5 Big Trades to Take Right Now To take advantage of that trend today, we're focusing on dividend stocks that look ready to hike their payouts. So instead of chasing yield, we'll try to step in front of the next round of stock payout hikes. For our purposes, that "crystal ball" is composed of a few factors: namely a solid balance sheet, a low payout ratio, and a history of dividend hikes. While those items don't guarantee dividend announcements in the next month or three, they do dramatically increase the odds that management will hike their cash payouts. Without further ado, here's a look at five stocks that could be about to increase their dividend payments in the next quarter. McDonald's It may seem strange to start with McDonald's ( MCD). After all, the Big Mac maker only just announced a dividend hike on Sept. 18 that brought the firm's quarterly payout to 81 cents per share. But Ronald McDonald's pockets are deeper than that, and MCD looks well positioned to announce another hike, especially in the face of potentially rising rates.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Home Prices Surge, Stocks Skyrocket to New High
The Dow hit an all-time high and the housing market showed its best gains in nearly seven years.
Dow Approaches 15,000: Is it Sustainable?
Rebecca Jarvis discusses the soaring market and how it affects your investments.


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in Weird & Wonderful at in York
26 October 2012 - 28 October 2012 (TBC)
26 October 2013 - 28 October 2013 (TBC)
York is one of England's most beautiful cities, but during Illuminating York it takes on a special glow. For this innovative festival, the city's most impressive buildings become canvases for a series of iridescent and immersive light projections.
Since its inception in 2006, Illuminating York has led to iconic buildings such as York Minster, St Mary's Abbey and the Yorkshire Museum being used as backdrops for technicolour artworks.
As well as the projections themselves, a series of talks and seminars allow further opportunities to engage with the creative concepts behind the festival.
Content provided by Frommers Unlimited, copyright © 2015:
Whatsonwhen Ltd, John Wiley & Sons, Inc


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How to Translate WordPress Themes and Plugins: Advice and Resources
I have learnt from selling WordPress plugins that the WordPress user-base is more than just us english-speakers, the demand for translatable themes and plugins is huge. If you are going to be releasing a theme publicly, then you should take localization into account. Translations are carried about by using some special code in your theme where the translatable text…
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An excellent roundup of resources and tutorial you can follow to learn how to make your themes and plugins translatable-ready.
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The Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE) is the outcome of a substantial investment in Economics Research in Scotland (approximately £21 million over 5 years) by the Scottish Funding Council and ten participating universities. It builds on the distinguished tradition of Economics in Scotland, with eminent contributions from, among others, Adam Smith and David Hume, and the more recent history of successful collaboration in the Scottish Graduate Programme in Economics, founded in 1989.
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The House of Social Rights uses language classes to introduce migrants to Italian society.
Photo caption: Antonella Giangiacomo, one of dozens of volunteers at the House of Social Rights in Rome, reviews a grammar lesson with two migrants. (Fulvio Paolocci/GlobalPost)
ROME, Italy — Inside a grimy, two-story building nearby Rome's main train station, Italian teacher Ersilia Secchi addresses her class: "Who washes the dishes in your house? Do you wash the dishes?" she asks a young man from China. "I don't, my mother does," he says. She then turns to an African man. Do you wash the dishes?" "I eat at the shelter," he replies. "Besides, we don't even have dishes in Africa."
Moments like these remind Secchi that teaching her language to migrants is hardly ever just about grammar. Helping them navigate Italy is the goal and the key to her students' survival, which in many cases already required a life-threatening journey by boat or hanging onto the undercarriage of a truck crossing the Italian border.
"If they don't know how to say, 'Help, I'm sick,' or 'Help, I'm hungry,' how are they ever going to make it?" asked Secchi.
She is one of dozens of volunteers who teach Italian at Casa dei Diritti Sociali, the House of Social Rights. For the past 25 years, this local non-profit organization has taken on the job of introducing migrants to Italian society.
The language school counts on a steady stream of college students who volunteer to earn their teaching credits, as well as retired professionals from all backgrounds who have found meaning in teaching migrants.
Even with a run-down building, crowded classrooms and broken chairs, the classes thrive under a motto that holds the entire project together: "Without language, you can't exercise your rights." Written in bold letters above the chalkboard, students can see it everyday.
"Italian is a very complicated language," said Secchi, who has been volunteering since she retired two years ago. "But they come here with their modest attitude and learn it — it's fascinating."
She insists on teaching her students basic forms of courtesy. That way, she says, they can lessen the prejudice and mistrust Italians have toward those who look different or can't express themselves correctly.


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Winners for the 2008 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards
Herat Old City in Afghanistan and Stadium Merdeka in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia have been honoured with the two Awards of Excellence in the 2008 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation.
The three Awards of Distinction went to the National Pass in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia, the Fujian Earth Buildings in Fujian Province, China and Suffolk House in Penang, Malaysia.
The three Awards of Merit include Vysial Street in Pondicherry, India, the Shigar Historic Settlements and Bazaar Area in the Northern Areas, Pakistan and Wat Pongsanuk in Lampang, Thailand.
Six Honourable Mentions were also announced. They are the Béthanie in Hong Kong SAR, China, the Archiepiscopal Palace in Goa, India, the Craigie Burn Bungalow in Matheran, India, Bach 38 in Rangitoto Island, Auckland, New Zealand, the Amphawa Canal Community in Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand and the Crown Property Bureau Building in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand.
A total of 45 entries, from 13 countries in the region, were submitted for consideration. The conservation project entries include hotels, offices, cultural institutions, educational institutions, religious sites, memorials, public institutions, residential buildings and urban districts.
The 2008 Heritage Awards Jury Commendation for Innovation was awarded to 733 Mountbatten Road (Singapore). The Jury Commendation recognizes newly-built structures which demonstrate outstanding standards for contemporary architectural design which are well integrated into historic contexts.
Further information about the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation and this year's winning entries can be found at: www.unescobkk.org/culture/heritageawards


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We would just like to thank Julien Schaerer, Watch Director & Auctioneer, at Antiquorum USA for taking the time to speak with us earlier today. We think all of our readers will love to see what he had to say about the state of vintage watches, ideas for collecting, and what he thinks about Hodinkee. The interview will be available right here on Hodinkee.com tomorrow morning, so be sure to check it out.
Thanks also go to Michelle Halpern at Antiquorum for setting up the interview and just being helpful all around to us!
-the Hodinkee team


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Publishing Without Perishing
Online bookstore Booklocker.com allows authors to post sensitive writing anonymously by using the site's page forms. Its creator has pledged to keep their names secret.
Angela Adair-Hoy said that when she began receiving manuscripts from authors requesting anonymity, she assumed it was a modesty issue.
"People who write adult books naturally don't want their mothers to find out they're writing dirty books -- but these requests were for books that were political in nature, not adult. I started to wonder exactly what was going on," said Adair-Hoy, Booklocker.com's creator.
"These people can't just put a Web page up on GeoCities. That's too easily traced back to them," Adair-Hoy said. "By using Booklocker.com only we know their identity. They get their information out and we keep their identity safe."
Bobson Wong, executive director of the Digital Freedom Network, insists this is not just a smoke screen for paranoid authors.
"Ask Gao Yu," said Wong, referring to the Chinese journalist who spent five years in prison for leaking state secrets to a Hong Kong magazine. "In many countries if you say anything that criticizes the government or the state religion you're screwed."
That's why authors like Savasan Yurtserver use Booklocker.com to publish sensitive texts such as "The Bible or The Koran", which compares flaws in the two sacred books. Yurtserver likens his dicey situation to Salman Rushdie's.
Yurtserver takes a number of precautions to maintain his anonymity and safety. He uses a pen name, does not reveal his home country in the book, and uses US-based email for any contact with readers.
"In the East, you can't question the scriptures," Yurtserver said. "There are many terrorist organizations in both my country and in the neighboring countries who take note of the authors that have radical views about religion only to kill them later.
"The Internet is a haven ... for an author living abroad like me," Yurtserver added.


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Montreal - On Friday night, April 5, Montreal police seized Anarchopanda's head during a demonstration against a municipal bylaw. Montreal police said that the head was taken because the law forbids the wearing of masks during demonstrations.
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Hi everybody,
here is a nice discussion for you. The Internet is the greatest/worst invention of the 20th century. Let me know what you think!
The Internet is GOOD because
- People can have fun (porn, games, dating service).
- Data exchange is rapid (emails, file sharing).
- We can make friends and share pictures, videos and informations easily (social networks, online communities, news groups, forums, blogs).
- It makes business successful, offers many ways to earn money, advertisement reaches customers around the world.
- It makes every day life easier (online shopping, online banking, job-seeking, house-hunting...).
- Every possible information can be found, news go around the world within minutes.
- It makes education, enlightenment and liberation for repressed and poor people possible.
- Everybody can be famous (Youtube, DeviantART)!
The Internet is EVIL because
- It opens the floodgates to scam, trickery, viruses, spyware, phishing, slander, data abuse/theft, cyber-mobbing and spread of misinformations.
- It supports criminal activities (child-porn/abuse, manuals for making a bomb, terror calls, incitement to murder etc.)
- The flood of random, unmanageable, useless and superficial informations fries your brain.
- There is no privacy protection. Someone can lose their reputaion, integrity, credibility and prestige.
- It's addictive. You are in danger to replace the real world with a virtual world.
- You waste your time with useless activities.
Make your vote


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Fuse Creativity System Project Guide: Fun Party Themes, Idea for Handmade Cards, And More Paper Crafts from Fiskars
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Beaded Sunflower Coasters
By: Art Institute Glitter, Inc
These beaded coasters from Art Glitter are a quick easy gift or great decorations for a summer cocktail party!
- Art Glitter Large Clear Glass Micro Beads, 2 oz. jar
- Large tray to catch excess beads
- Art Glitter Opaque Ultrafine Glitter: color to match fabric background
- Fabric Dries Clear Adhesive and plastic tray
- Black Permanent Marker
- Quilter's Fabric
- 1" Sponge Brush
- 1/4" Paint Brush
- 4" Cork Coasters
- Fabric Scissors
- Select a design on fabric for coaster. Place coaster underneath design, hold in place and turn upside down. Trace around coaster with permanent marker by holding marker perpendicular to fabric. It will make a circle approximately 1/8" larger than coaster. Cut out circle and lay upside down.
- Pour Fabric Dries Clear into plastic tray. Brush an even layer onto one side of cork coaster with sponge brush. Lay coaster onto fabric circle, glue side down, turn over and smooth out any wrinkles.
- Turn coaster over and trim off excess fabric. (Wipe off any glue on your scissors with a damp cloth). Brush on another layer of adhesive on top of fabric. Make sure adhesive layer is even and slightly thick. Spoon on beads while glue is wet, white and shiny. Flatten bead layer by placing coaster, bead side down, onto table and tap down lightly. Wipe away any beads hanging off the edge of fabric. Let dry in sun (bead side up), for 1/2 hour to an hour.
- Paint glue around side of coaster with 1/4" paint brush and sprinkle with opaque glitter, (Work in 2 or 3 sections so glue does not start to dry). Sprinkle a little more glitter over top of beads, tap off excess. Let dry in sun for several hours; brush off more excess glitter before using.
Tip: When picking out fabric: go with a light colored design, it shows up better through the beads.
Variations: Use #89 Martini Ultrafine Transparent glitter (the clearest of all our glitters), instead of beads. Then apply 3 to 4 thin coats of spray acrylic before using. Or add beads to the side of the coaster.
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Mr. Barr has more than 30 years of combined experience in patient care, health care consulting and health care management, serving the Bon Secours Health System for 27 years in staff and operations leadership roles. Additionally, he served as Consulting Manager within the Northeast Health Care Consulting Practice of Ernst & Young (formed by the merger of Arthur Young & Company and Ernst & Whinney) for five years. His scope of practice with Ernst & Young included financial feasibility studies, strategic/project/program planning, community need and market demand assessments, certificate of need support, equipment and facility evaluations, financial valuations and insurance contract negotiations.
Mr. Barr has authored a variety of health care articles and text chapters, including the book chapter titled "Ambulatory Care", Health Care Administration: Planning, Implementing, and Managing Organized Delivery Systems, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc., Second through Fifth Editions. He has served as guest lecturer and adjunct faculty within the Department HealthCare Administration and Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, as well as a guest presenter for various professional association meetings at a national level.
Mr. Barr holds a Bachelors of Science in Healthcare Management/Administration from Medical College of Virginia and a Masters of Business Administration from Virginia Commonwealth University. He completed the Executive Integral Leadership Program - Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame.
Additionally, he holds a Degree in Radiologic Technology from Central Virginia Community College, received a license for Nursing Home Administration in the Commonwealth of Virginia (inactive) and worked as a Registered Radiologic Technologist (inactive). Mr. Barr is a member of the American College of HealthCare Executives (ACHE), the American Hospital Association (AHA) and the Virginia Hospital/HealthCare Association (VHHA). As well, Mr. Barr has and continues to serve as a preceptor for undergraduate and graduate students of various universities including James Madison University, Virginia Commonwealth of Virginia/Medical College of Virginia, University of Minnesota (inactive), University of Georgia (inactive) and University of Richmond (inactive).


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Philatelic Phlies - The SparkBy Bas Verschoor
And then the whole idea was put in storage somewhere in the back of my mind it had almost disappeared. It was not until October that some of my colleagues, fellow members of the Dutch Flyfishers Guild, came back from a steelhead fishing trip to British Columbia and they showed me the stamps which they had purchased in a local post office in BC! "One set is for you, Bas and here's what we want you to do" "I know what you want me to do guys. You want me to tie the flies and frame them together with the stamps", I said, smiling big. "Thanks, Bart, for bringing that idea back to the surface for me."
Philatelic thanks So, here they are my Philatelic Phlies Limited Edition another phantastic project. Although it would be quite within the scope of the Global Fly Fisher website to give tying details of each individual fly, and information about the framing, this would be very time-consuming. And, I have flies to tie and mount, wood and matboard to cut remember? Oh, alright then, contact firstname.lastname@example.com for further details, if you have to. Stiff hackles! Bas, Phrantically phraming


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For Competitive pricing and quality service call The Oilman....
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text: High School Level First Place with Exceptional Merit in concert Sunday, August 22, 2004, 3:00 p.m.Music Performance Space, Campus Hall, Wagner College Admission Free (Photos by Tim Pang) Daniel Chen Introduction and Tarantella,Pablo de SarasateNocturne in C-sharp minor (transc. Nathan Milstein),Frédéric ChopinTzigane, Maurice RavelDaniel ChenDaniel Chen, 16, began studying the violin at the age of six with Dr. Young-Sook Han. From 1998-2003, he was a member of the Young Symphonic Ensemble of the Children's Orchestra Society and also its chamber music program. Concert appearances with the Children's Orchestra include Lincoln Center's Alice Tully Hall, St. Louis, Missouri, Flushing Town Hall, Astoria Center of Israel, Rockefeller University, Queens Theater in the Partk, Queens College, and the 92nd St. Y. He was soloist in Bach's Concerto for two violins with the orchestra at the Landmark on Main St. in Port Washington, and also performed a concert series at Merkin Hall as a member of the Alumni Orchestra. Daniel is a member of the InterSchool Orchestra (ISO) Symphony of New York under the direction of Jonathan Strasser. He was concertmaster of the ISO Sym. in Spain as guest of the Orquestra de Alkalá. He was a finalist in the ISO Concerto Competition in 2004. Concerts with the ISO Sym. include Alice Tully Hall, Carnegie Hall, and the Bronx Botanical Gardens. During the summer of 2003 he attended the Meadowmount School of Music under the tutelage of Sally Thomas. This summer Daniel attended the Harvard University Summer Program as concertmaster of the Harvard Summer School Orchestra under the direction of Judith Zuckerman. Performances included Sanders Theater and Lowell Hall. Daniel's former chamber music coaches include Dr. Yeou-Cheng Ma, Cynthia DeLeon, NatashaLipkina, and Steven Rochen. Daniel is currently a junior at Regis High School in Manhattan, where he plays violin in the Regis Jazz Band, and the Classical Musical Society. He continues his violin studies with Sally Thomas of The Juilliard School. Jacek Blaszkiewicz Jacek Blaszkiewicz was born in New York , and first started playing piano at age 9. His first steps in music were taken in Jan Sporek's Music Education Center in Brooklyn, New York. Six months after he started, he performed on the piano for the first time in the Councilate General of Poland. There he received the Best Beginner Award from the Music Education Center. A year later, he performed in the same place, this time being awarded with the Student of the Year Award, the school's top prize. The award was handed to him by the late Prof. Jan Gorbaty, pianist and president of the Chopin Foundation. In 2000, Jacek won first place in a Youth Chopin Competition in Queens. Throughout the course of a few years, Jacek performed in numerous public places, like in the Kosciusko Foundation House, and the Crowne Plaza Hotel in New Jersey , where he played an all-Chopin program. Jacek is currently in 10th grade at LaGuardiaHigh School of Music & Art and Performing Arts, where he was accepted for piano, and where he also currently studies oboe. He currently studies piano privately with Mark Pakman, teacher at Montclair University, the 92nd Street Y School of Music, and at the Manhattan School of Music. In 2004, Jacek won First Place in Keyboard at the Wagner College Young Musicians' Competition, High School category. Besides music, Jacek also writes in his spare time. He received a number of awards for his poetry. One of them was published in an anthology.Jacek Blaszkiewicz Nocturne in F-sharp minor,Etude in C minor, op. 10, no. 12 ("Revolutionary"),Frédéric ChopinLiebestraum in A-flat Major,Polonaise no. 2 in E Major, Franz LisztLinnea Conelli Non so più cosa fa cosa faccio, Deh vieni non tardar, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Er, der Herrlichste von allen, op. 42, no.2, Widmung, op. 25, no. 1, Robert Schumann The Crucifixion, Samuel Barber Danny Boy, Fred E. Weatherly Much More, Harvey Schmidt When I Look At You, Frank Wildhorn Ice Cream , Jerry Bock Linnea Conelli Linnea Conelli, a junior in the Classics Institute at Tottenville High School, is a high honor roll student and a member of the National Honor Society. Some of her academic achievements include being a member of New York City's 1st place and State Finalist Mock Trial Team and receiving the Magna Cum Laude Award for the National Latin Exam.Linnea was a participant at the 2004 NYSMMA All- State Conference as a member of the Mixed Chorus. She has performed as a soloist for Staten Island Community Band, Messiah Lutheran Church, Staten Island Yankees, Low Riders Motor Club, 9/11 Fund Raiser at Blessed Sacrament Church, and the Staten Island Borough President's Annual 4th of July Conference House Firework Display. This past spring, she appeared with the Tottenville Cello Ensemble as a soloist for Bachianas Brasileiras no. 5 of Heitor Villa-Lobos. In addition, Linnea volunteers her time to perform weekly at Egers Nursing Home, which has earned her the American Legion Award for Community Service. Linnea's classical voice training includes five years of private study with Shelly O'Hara, the New York City Opera Acting Seminar for Vocal Students, and the Rutgers Summer Opera Workshop. Since the age of five, Linnea has been a member of the Staten Island Children's Theater Association where she has played such roles as Maria in "The Sound of Music", Hodel in "Fiddler on the Roof", the Fairy Godmother in "Cinderella" and Tuptim in "The King and I". At Tottenville, Linnea is an active member of the Concert Choir and has participated in each of their Spring Musicals, where she has enjoyed roles such as Maria in "The Sound of Music" and Mrs. Molloy in "Hello, Dolly!". Linnea plans to pursue a career in vocal performance


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More Hispanic students could mean millions for UHV
Oct. 9, 2010 at 5:09 a.m.
What is a Hispanic-serving institution?A Hispanic-serving institution is a school where at least 25 percent of enrolled students are Hispanic. Schools with these populations can be eligible to apply for millions of dollars of federal education funds and grants.
Funds may be used for activities such as:
Lab equipment for teaching
Construction or renovation of instructional facilities
Faculty development
Purchase of educational materials
Academic tutoring or counseling programs
Funds for administrative management
Joint use of facilities
Endowment funds
Distance learning academic instruction
Teacher education
Student support services.
Source: Department of Education
Hispanic-Serving Public Universities in Texas Of the 39 four-year public universities in the state, only nine are Hispanic-Serving Institutions, according to the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities.
Jazmin Herrera, an 18-year-old University of Houston-Victoria freshman, has childhood memories of picking vegetables as a migrant farm worker with her family.
Her biggest reason for going to college is simple.
"I look forward to not working in the fields," she said.
Herrera is the first in her family to attend college, after advice from her father, who never went past the fifth grade.
She hopes to finish school and be an example for her family.
"There's hard work," she said. "There's reading, studying, but I'm going to get through it."
Large Hispanic student body means more federal funds
Many in the UHV freshmen class have a story like Herrera. More than half of the new class are Hispanic and more than a third are the first to attend college in their family.
If the trend continues, the school will most likely become a Hispanic-serving institution, which could potentially mean access to millions of dollars in federal funds.
"It is pretty exciting," said Wayne Beran, UHV vice president for administration and finance. "It does open up a door to apply for millions of dollars of grant money."
Beran believes in the next two years Hispanic enrollment numbers will increase to the 25 percent needed to become a Hispanic-serving institution.
"We hope as we grow with freshmen and sophomores that would push us over," he said.
Hispanic enrollment is slightly more than 20 percent of UHV's 4,149 students, up from the 18 percent before the underclassmen arrived. The school also saw an increase in Hispanic students at its Sugar Land campus.
Location, a small-town setting and costs were what appealed to underclassmen.
Herrera chose the school because she wanted to be part of the first class of freshmen.
"We're the first ones to set the traditions, set the customs," she said.
First-generation students often need additional support like tutoring and mentoring, something federal funds help provide.
Victoria College has been a Hispanic-Serving Institution since 1998 with 35 percent of its 4,323 students identifying themselves as Hispanic.
Florinda Correa, VC vice president of student services, said the status provides much needed money.
"The funding is so critical in order to provide services," she said. "And this is just one more way of having those services available."
This year, the school received a $1.3 million grant to fund its student support services Key Center and a $2.8 million Title V grant.
Although the funds are a result of the Hispanic-serving statutes, Correa believes the money benefits all students.
"We're also meeting the needs of the community," she said. "As the population shifts, then we're able to provide those services to the community."
Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi, also a Hispanic-serving institution, last year received more than $7 million in federal grants only because of its status.
"It helps us provide those services for the students that we probably couldn't afford otherwise," said Provost Ted Guffy.
Not a "color thing"
The Hispanic population is projected to skyrocket by 22 percent in the next 10 years if immigration trends continue for Victoria County, according to state demographic data. In the state of Texas, the group is expected to reach 25 million by 2040.
But the group remains largely undereducated and college graduation rates are dismal.
Of the 111,169 degrees awarded at Texas public universities, only 23,733 were awarded to Hispanics last year. At UHV, only 114 of the 801 degrees awarded went to Hispanics.
Many at the school believe the issue is beyond federal dollars. As Baby Boomers exit the workforce, educating Hispanics means educating people to fill those vacant jobs.
"We need to go beyond the color thing," said Olga Chapa, a UHV business professor who has researched recruitment issues for Hispanic women. "Think numbers. Think economic power. Think America."
If the issue of an uneducated Hispanic workforce isn't addressed, she said, the outcome will be dire because Hispanics are the fastest growing minority nationwide.
"This is going to become a global problem and we're going to lose our status as the No. 1 nation," Chapa said.
Keeping Hispanics in school
When Juan Diego Martinez, a UHV graduate student from Seadrift, first came to school, leaving his close-knit, Hispanic family was a struggle.
"It's difficult to break ties with them and pursue educational goals," he said.
But Victoria's location, less than two hours from four major cities and three hours from the Valley, makes it not too far from home.
"This is becoming the place where parents are more willing to encourage their young children to leave," Chapa said.
Many parents of first generation children usually don't understand the college process, or are even able to communicate with university staff, making the process intimidating.
"They don't know how to help their students succeed," Martinez said. "They don't have people to help them, to speak to them in Spanish."
Since Martinez started, he's seen a large influx of Hispanic professors, something he believes is critical to keeping Hispanic students.
UHV will also have to create student support systems that mimic the family setting.
"You have to replace what they're leaving - that tight, social support - as an organization, as a university.," Chapa said. "These are the things we have to focus on creating. This warm, caring environment, which we have already in Victoria."
The first few weeks of class have been difficult for Herrera, with Jaguar Hall unfinished and being away from family, but the struggles are worthwhile.
"Later on, I'm going to be working in a lab and I won't have to go through what my father went through," she said. "I don't want to be part of that statistic anymore. I know we can do it."


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New and need fan club help!
am a newbie to the forum and not much of a computer person. BUT i love the steelers! always have - every fall i put up my terrible towel in the family room for good vibes back home. i'm really interested in finding a fan club in the greater Portland Maine area - particularly since the "Patsies" didn't make it! YEAH! i got to see a lot of the 'stillers' this year on TV (no cable here) so i'm addicted all over again. Any way to find a club here? GO B&G
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Mom Bloggers of Phoenix Valley - a place to connect, network, share ideas and current places moms MUST go to: farmers market, zoo activities, mid-wife help, best restaurants, must have coffee place, new jazz spot, great deals on kids clothes, etc.
Members: 47
Latest Activity: Jan 23
Started by Billie Jan 27, 2014. 0 Replies 0 Favorites
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Jessica- I'm trying to think of a good place. I know by me there's a place called Airworx and they have wifi and 2 and under is free and I think maybe $6hr for older. It's not too crazy on a weekday. Or I've heard of a place called Sozo coffe and they are supposed to have a play area for kids, but I've never been and I think that would be a further drive. Any thoughts? What time do you do naps? My girl either naps at 10-11:30 and 3:30-5 or I put her down for 1 nap around 1-3 but she's kind of all over the place right now so I just adjust it to my day
Hey Amanda, sorry I was out of town for a few days. I could also pretty much meet whenever, I have two boys who are 1 and 3. We could meet during the week somewhere if you'd like! Maybe someplace where our kids could run around and we could talk :)
Jessica- I live in chandler but I live close to the 10 off Ray Rd. When could you meet? I stay at home with my 1 year old so I'm pretty open. Whats your schedule like?
Hi everyone! I live in Phoenix and thought it would be fun if anyone wants to meet maybe 2x a month and talk about blog stuff and how we can help benefit each other. If you are interested let me know and we can pick a time and place to meet!
I am a blogger in Phoenix and am giving away a Children's Place Gift Card on my blog
I'm running a giveaway for entries to the Color Me Bad run at Peoria Sports Complex! Check it out here: http://cheapgreenmommy.blogspot.com/2012/10/crazy-colorful-running....
Paid Opp for Moms near Paradise Valley, Arizona! This is a VA client of mine and I am just helping spread the word!
Brilliant Baby Products is looking for baby/toddler models to be part of a photo shoot and launch of a new Cloth Diaper company called Rock-a-Bums. Can you forward this email to all the parents of kids at Impact ages birth – 4 years and anyone else you think might be a fit?
We are looking for a handful of Baby/Toddler Models to participate in our Photo Shoot that is this coming Thursday June 28th in Paradise Valley, Arizona.
The pay is $50.00 an hour plus some free baby products.
What we are looking for:
Age: Range from newborn up to 4 years old.
Gender: Male and Female
Ethnicity: All!!!!
The ideal baby will be/have
· Big eyes that grab the cameras attention.
· A "full" looking baby. Nice and plump! One that looks like they are a good eater. Not over the top heavy but a "healthy" looking child.
· Responds well to the camera. Likes having their picture taken and smiles often and easily in front of the camera.
Next Steps:
Please send the following info to firstname.lastname@example.com AND email@example.com
· 2 or 3 recent pictures of your baby that shows their big eyes and smile.
· 3 times during the day (between 9:00 am and 5:00 pm that your child is at their best).
· Date of Birth
· Current age.
Hi all! I'm in the Chandler area. I have a relatively new blog about trying to save money, and be green at the same time. I try to include DIY stuff and tips, I'd love feedback!
Two awesome Giveaways ending VERY soon! Extremely LOW entries!
DreamWorks' The Help movie Prize Pack!
$25 Walmart Gift Card Giveaway
For all of you avid readers out there, today is World Book Day. What's your favorite book?
Join the conversation to win a free Starbucks gift card. And, see yesterday's winner!
Mom Bloggers for Social Good is a global coalition of 2000+ mom bloggers who currently span over twenty countries and who care about spreading the good news about the amazing work non-profit organizations and NGOs are doing around the world. Want to make a difference? Please join us!
© 2015 Created by Mom Bloggers Club.


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Working with raw chicken freaks me out. I suffer through it, because I love chicken, but just knowing that the potential for salmonella is there makes me very cautious.
I wash the cutting board, knife, and bowl in hot, soapy water as soon as I can. I wash my hands before and after washing the dishes, and I make sure to get under my nails, too.
I also wash the tongs that I use to flip the chicken when it is halfway done. I clean them before using them to remove the fully cooked chicken.


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Game 36: Yankees at Brewers
The Yankees are off to a quick start this afternoon, putting three first-inning runs up on Matt Garza thanks to Kelly Johnson's two-run double and a Yangervis Solarte sacrifice fly.
Let's see if David Phelps can make it hold up; Phelps is making his second start of the year after beginning the season in the bullpen. With news of CC Sabathia's knee injury filtering out of the Yankees clubhouse, it appears that Phelps will be hanging around the starting five for a while longer.
This game is being televised on the YES Network and can be heard on WFAN.
Here are today's lineups:
Brett Gardner LF |
Carlos Gomez CF |
Game 35: Yankees at Brewers
Greetings from America's dairyland, as the Yankees will play the second game of a three-game series against the Brewers tonight here at Miller Park. The Yankees have won three straight games, marking a season-high road winning streak. They're also 14-9 in their last 23 games since April 12 after starting the year 5-6.
New York will try to push it to four straight wins tonight behind CC Sabathia, who figures to get a good ovation here from the Brewers faithful. Sabathia was superhuman for about three months down the stretch in Milwaukee, and they haven't forgotten his selfless contributions on three days' rest.
Lately, it's been a different story for Sabathia, who allowed five runs and a season-high 10 hits over 3 2/3 innings against the Rays on May 4 at Yankee Stadium. This will be his eighth start of the year, and he has lost his last two outings.
"Everybody's making a big deal out of my last game," Sabathia said. "I mean, it was bad obviously, you know. Coming off the heels of two games I probably should have won makes it look even worse. I'm not as panicked I guess as everybody else is and trying to make changes and stuff. It is what it is."
The Brewers are giving the ball to right-hander Kyle Lohse, who is making his eighth start of the season. He has had a couple of no-decisions in his last two outings after running off a four-start win streak in April. Last time out on May 4, Lohse held the Reds to two runs and eight hits over 6 1/3 innings, with a walk and two strikeouts.
The game will be televised on the YES Network and can be heard on WFAN.
Here are tonight's lineups:
Jacoby Ellsbury CF |
Carlos Gomez CF |
Game 33: Yankees at Angels
The Yankees will play the final game of their three-game series against the Angels tonight here in Anaheim. Vidal Nuno has the ball for his fourth start and seventh appearance of the season, as manager Joe Girardi is keeping the Nuno and John Ryan Murphy battery together. Nuno faced the Angels on April 26 back in New York, allowing three runs and five hits in 4 1/3 innings and taking a no-decision.
The Angels give the ball to left-hander Hector Santiago, who hasn't had a whole lot of luck this season. He's winless in six starts — last time out, Santiago started with five scoreless innings against the Rangers but then allowed five runs in the next two frames. The Angels have scored just 11 runs for Santiago over those six starts.
The game will be televised on the YES Network and can be heard on WFAN.
Here are tonight's lineups:
Jacoby Ellsbury CF Vidal Nuno (0-0, 6.87) |
Collin Cowgill RF Hector Santiago LHP (0-5, 5.01) |
Game 32: Yankees at Angels
After last night's fireworks and forgettable walk-fest, the Yankees are back at it tonight as they take on the Angels in the second game of a three-game series here at Angel Stadium.
New York has lost five of its last six games and will try to turn things around tonight behind Hiroki Kuroda, who will be making his seventh start of the season and has lost his last two starts, including to these Angels on April 25 in New York.
The Angels counter with left-hander C.J. Wilson, who is also making his seventh start of the season. He ranks second in the American League with three starts permitting one run or less, and has won his last two outings.
The game will be televised on the YES Network and can be heard on WFAN.
The Yankees made a pre-game roster move to activate infielder Brendan Ryan from the disabled list, placing right-hander Michael Pineda on the disabled list as his suspension expired.
Here are tonight's lineups:
YANKEES (16-15)Jacoby Ellsbury CF Derek Jeter SS Carlos Beltran RF Mark Teixeira 1B Alfonso Soriano DH Brian McCann C Yangervis Solarte 3B Brett Gardner LF Brian Roberts 2B Hiroki Kuroda RHP (2-3, 5.14) |
ANGELS (16-15)Erick Aybar SS Mike Trout CF Albert Pujols 1B Howie Kendrick B Ian Stewart 3B Raul Ibanez LF C.J. Cron DH Hank Conger C Colin Cowgill RF C.J. Wilson LHP (4-2, 3.18) |
Game 31: Yankees at Angels
Hello from sunny Southern California, where the Yankees will open a three-game series tonight with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. David Phelps is on the mound for the Yankees, with Jered Weaver drawing the starting call for the Halos.
The Yankees have lost four of their last five games, but defeated the Angels in two of three games last month at Yankee Stadium. The Angels are looking to get back on track after losing two of three to the Rangers, following a three-game sweep of the Indians here in Anaheim.
The game will be televised on the YES Network and can be heard on WFAN.
Here are tonight's lineups:
Brett Gardner LF David Phelps RHP (0-0, 3.86) |
Erick Aybar SS Jered Weaver RHP (2-2, 4.00) |


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Women of Achievement
ADL Holds the 22nd Annual Women of Achievement Award Dinner
posted by Jenna Benn on February 24, 2015
On Tuesday, April 14, 2015 the Anti-Defamation League will be holding its 22nd Annual Women of Achievement Award Dinner at the Chicago Hyatt Regency, honoring four amazing and successful women in the Chicagoland area. Kathryn Hayley, Executive Vice President, UnitedHealthcare…
Reflections from the Other Side of the Picket Line
posted by Jenna Benn on July 11, 2014
On the evening of Monday, June 30th, the ADL presented "The Other Side of the Picket Line: A Story of Heartbreak, Redemption, and Hope" featuring Megan and Grace Phelps-Roper and David Abitbol at the Mesirow Financial Auditorium. Megan and Grace…
ADL Awards Michael A. McRobbie and Robert H. McKinney with Man of Achievement Awards in Indiana
posted by Jenna Benn on April 28, 2014
On April 24, 2013, The Anti-Defamation League awarded Michael A. McRobbie, President of Indiana University and Robert H. McKinney, an Indianapolis business and civic leader as well as a former IU trustee and chair of the board, with the Man…
ADL Celebrates 21st Annual Women of Achievement Dinner
posted by Jenna Benn on April 17, 2014
On April 8, 2014 at the Hilton Chicago, the ADL held its 21st Women of Achievement Dinner. It brought together ADL's supporters in celebration of five remarkable women. ADL was thrilled to honor: Janice Block, General Counsel and Chief Compliance…
ADL's Freedom Award Dinner Inspires Thousands
posted by Jenna Benn on December 11, 2013
On December 4, 2013 at the Hilton Chicago, The Freedom Award Dinner brought together ADL's supporters, Mayor Emanuel, and Governor Quinn to commemorate it's centennial. ADL was thrilled to honor Howard A. Tullman, with the Jerold S. Solovy Freedom Award.…
ADL Honors Theodore L. Koenig at Annual Torch of Liberty Award Dinner
posted by Jenna Benn on August 7, 2013
At Chicago's Palmer House Hilton on July 17th, the Anti-Defamation League honored Theodore L. Koenig, President and CEO of Monroe Capital, with its 2013 Torch of Liberty Award. The award was established to recognize individuals who have demonstrated exceptional commitment…
ArtWorks ADL Chicago Artist Information
posted by Jenna Benn on June 26, 2013
Have you been elected to participate in Artworks ADL Chicago or are you an emerging artist interested in showcasing your work at our premier centennial event? If so- please complete the form below by August 1, 2013.
The Americanism Award
posted by Jenna Benn on June 10, 2013
The Americanism Award is bestowed upon an individual or company in the financial services arena whose leadership and character is demonstrated both in word and in deed. It recognizes individuals who embody what is best in America — justice, freedom,…
ADL Honors Ted Koenig with 2013 Torch of Liberty Award
posted by Jenna Benn on June 10, 2013
The Torch of Liberty Award was established to recognize individuals or companies who have demonstrated exceptional commitment to diversity, equality and justice, and whose everyday actions exemplify the principles on which the Anti-Defamation League was founded. This year, we are…
ADL Celebrates Its 20th Annual Women of Achievement Awards Dinner
posted by Jenna Benn on May 2, 2013
In a year already dedicated to one Anti-Defamation League (ADL) milestone, another was celebrated on Tuesday, April 9th at the Hilton Chicago with this year's Women of Achievement Awards Dinner, which has now been recognizing executive women leaders in the…


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Polycom SoundStation 2 Avaya 2490 (2305-16375-001)
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2010 W.S. Keyes Merlot 3 Bottle Gift Pack
Hello from Howell Mountain. I am pleased to announce the release of the 2010 La Jota W.S. Keyes Vineyard Merlot, a wine I am particularly proud of because of the true team effort it took to ensure its quality.
The year 2010 was cooler and wetter than normal. This drove ripening on Howell Mountain to late in the growing season, and we had to fight off the danger of mold, which can flourish in such conditions. Vineyard operations, as overseen by Mariano Navarro, our vineyard manager, became paramount to our ability to make some difficult decisions in the vineyard on when to call the pick. We calculated the risk of waiting and maybe bringing in extraordinary fruit, or picking sooner to save average fruit. We chose to wait, and it proved to be the right decision and was worth the anguish. In the winery, my team, Laura, Fernando, Edi, and I worked diligently to preserve all those characteristics that ultimately define for us the expression that elevates our Merlot to a level of complexity and depth that is required to offer it to you.
It was a year that we had to employ all of our skill to ensure that quality. Fortunately, we have the vineyards, the winery, the people, and the patience to do just that and to allow us to present you with yet another version of a Merlot that exemplifies the level of excellence that Merlot in Napa Valley can achieve.
There is not much of this wine, as we only produced 250 cases, but what is there is something to savor for a long time to come.


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The Heat are in danger of becoming a team one play shy of greatness. At L.A., it was Kobe Bryant banking in a trey at the horn ... More >>
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