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91.8% of Users Would Recommend this Digital Camera
8.2% of Users Would Not Recommend this Digital Camera
PROS: excellent quality, features, video capture, manual settings
CONS: slightly heavy, no battery meter (though the battery lasts for quite a long time; there is only a warning when you have about twenty minutes left)
PROS: I own two Sony digital cameras that I always liked but hated blemishes I could find in high res images when I would try to zoom in and crop out parts of an image. I have taken pictures and zoomed in close and found nothing but detail and amazing quality in the images. I keep hearing complaints about the size. It's not really that bad even though slightly bigger than some cameras. It still fits in my pocket.
CONS: No battery meter. Just a warning icon that appears when battery has gotten low. Makes it hard to plan ahead. (Battery does last a long time however and fully charges pretty quick)
PROS: I have had this camera for a week and I do love it. It is fun! It does have a battery meter of sort. It will come on and let you know it is time to replace battery in plenty of time before it runs out of juice. However battery life is not all that great. But it does charge up within an hour.It takes great night shots. The red eye bright white light flashes before it takes a picture has been replace with a very bright orange light that works great. The orange light has another duty for night shots. It is use by the camera to luminate a subject to measure for focuse and helps produce great pictures even in total darkness. It is an easy camera to operate and fits into your pocket. You can full control or just set it to auto, point and shoot without the worries. The colors are a perfect match of what you see. The reds and orange are not over saturated as it is in alot of cameras. The LCD works good under bright light. The contol buttons are set up the way a camera should be. The lens are protected when camera is not in use. The lens goes inside the camera body and is covered by the sliding door. No leans cap to worry about! This camera has alot of the bells and whistles you find on the pro camera. I love the histogram function on the camera.
CONS: The downside of this little wonder is the battery compartment. Getting the battery requires a finger with some nail. You need to pull back a little clip to get the battery to pop out. In the same compartment is the memory card. Getting it out is not much better. When you push the button to eject, again you need nails to get a hole of the card to pull it out. I wished the battery and the card were not in the same slot. The flash button needs to be redesigned. It is hard to feel for and needs to be easier for the big finger guys. The lens sliding door is a little hard to slide and again you need nails to open it up. This is one of my biggest beef about this great camera. My biggest beef is the download to a computer via the camera. Too slow! Buy a USB 2 card reader. But then again getting the card out is a downside too. Oh well, you are going to find some fults with any little camera. But this camera has a lot less of them! 8^)
PROS: I have had the S 20, 40, 45, 50 and now the S 60.. Canon Picture quality is fantastic. The features are great and there are a lot. They fixed the 4 way control button which was hard to use. And added 640x480 full screen movie mode. a nice addition. The new battery lasts a LONG time. Another great canon.
CONS: The lens foor is hard to open. It does not have a grab like the other S series cameras. I do not know why they too that out. Also mine came with the lens door open. I dont know whyt hat would ship like that. Plus the new high life battery is still not available solo for an extra, but you can use the standard one.
PROS: Excellent photo quality. I've used all sony digicams for the past 5yrs and decided it was time for a change. The Canon S60 is fantastic. I hate the super small cameras so I don't have the complaint of it being to big. It fits just fine in my pocket. Color is flawless. Features are very useful.
CONS: Fantastic night shots but red eye tends to be a problem. Fortunately the software they provide makes it very easy to remove later. I am a little dissapointed that they reduced the power of the flash from the S50. I wouldn't mind something a bit stronger. I purchased an extra battery so the lack of a proper gauge has been a non-issue.
PROS: Easy to use for beginners + has the options available for more advanced photographers. Crisp images, GREAT flash and all around fast camera. Finally a product both my girlfriend AND I can use!
CONS: When plugged in to a mac, the CF card is not mounted on the Desktop so you cannot access the movies without using a card reader instead.
PROS: Great Picture Quality, Many Options,Good VGA.
CONS: Price, Small RedEye Problem, A Little Heavy.
PROS: I believe that CNET should include the current crop of 6 Mp compacts in the line-up of cameras that compare to the S60, because they use the same sized sensor. 6 Mp is an advantage less of the time than the rest of the S60 feature set is advantageous over the rest of the compacts. I haven't dealt with Canon, but Frye's replaced my first S60 for a dead pixel in the LCD.
CONS: PURPLE FRINGING!!! This is just plain horrible, and Canon MUST provide a firmware update immediately, just to save face.
PROS: More features than I know what to do with... great adaptability for accessories... price wasn't too bad either for a 5mp.
CONS: batter cover is a bit loose. common complaint, no battery life meter.
PROS: Raw, uncompressed format besides JPEG; decent zoom range, auto-focus assist lamp, compact size and fairly light- weight, attractive looking, easy to use, good software & documentation. Oh, and GREAT photos to boot! I've been a semi-pro 35 mm user for over 30 years. After researching the purchase of my first digital camera for three months, this Canon S60 gives me everything I was looking for at a reasonable price. I bought it two weeks ago and LOVE it!
CONS: The sliding door covering the lens (on/off switch) concerns me; I get the feeling it will be the first thing to break or malfunction but, so far, everything works flawlessly. I also wish it had a more simple method of adding accesory lenses (2X tele) and an external hot shoe for greater flash coverage (but I can use a slave flash on a home-made bracket if need be.) Oh, yeah; I wish the screen was a little easier to see in bright sunlight and that the optical viewfinder showed more than just 80% of the actual scene.
Rate the Canon PowerShot S60
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CENTRAL POINT, Ore. – Dogs for the Deaf is having its day, so says the governor of the state of Oregon.
In recognition of 35 years of service, Governor John Kitzhaber issued a proclamation making December 3rd officially Dogs For The Deaf Day. To celebrate, Dogs for the Deaf held an open house. It was an opportunity for the public to visit the facility and see the dogs in action.
The center in Central Point is the national headquarters for Dogs for the Deaf. Over the past 35 years, they have place thousands of dogs in the U.S. and Canada.

subset: commoncrawl


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OM Times Magazine, Jan. 2014 edition
OMTimes Magazine January A 2014 Edition with Paul Selig
From www.http://omtimes.com
OMTimes is thrilled to have Paul Selig on the cover of the magazine.
In his breakthrough works of channeled literature, I Am the Word and The Book of Love and Creation, author and medium Paul Selig recorded an extraordinary program for personal and planetary evolution as humankind awakens to its own divine nature. I Am the Word and The Book of Love and Creation are energetic transmissions that works directly on its readers to bring them into alignment with the frequency of the Word, which Paul's guides call the energy of "God in Action."
OMTimes is honored to be able to share this exclusive interview.
Click here to read the article.
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text: TOP 10 Top 10 Cars Top 10: Chinese Cars We Want Back to Top ▲ Top 10: Chinese Cars We Want 9 Great Wall CHC011 Share on Facebook Share on Twitter 0 Shares InsideLine The makers of the Coolbear can do more than just create funnily named xB knockoffs, they can create Volkswagen CC-styled four-door coupes with nonsensical alphanumeric names too. The Great Wall CHC011 is a sleek and somewhat attractive sedan. In addition to V6 power and a six-speed transmission, the CHC011 comes with a host of features including executive-style rear seating and adaptive cruise control. To ensure more than a one-star safety rating, the CHC011 also comes with safety features such as eight airbags and electronic stability control. Provided those safety features actually work, the sleek design of the CHC011 could quite possibly help this car find success in Western car markets. Next Page TOP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Comments Show Comments More Like This Promoted Around the Web Special Features


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QUEENSRYCHE trial delayed until January 2014, Tate granted a continuance.
Tate and his wife, Susan, QUEENSRŸCHE's former manager, filed a lawsuit in Jun 2012 seeking a decider to endowment them a rights to a band's name in sell for Tate profitable Eddie Jackson (bass), Michael Wilton (guitar) and Scott Rockenfield (drums) a satisfactory marketplace value for their interests in a QUEENSRŸCHE companies. Wilton, Rockenfield and Jackson filed a countersuit opposite a Tates in that they indicted Geoff of artistic deterrent and aroused behavior, and Susan Tate of controversial business practices.
In their Aug 9 motion to continue a hearing date — creatively scheduled for Nov 18 — and rectify a box schedule, a Tates requested "a smallest 180-day continuation to yield sufficient time for a parties to continue active allotment negotiations though incurring estimable hearing credentials costs and, if such efforts fail, to yield sufficient time to finish find and scrupulously ready for what will be a really extensive trial." The Tates combined that "80 intensity witnesses" have been identified for hearing and they estimated that a parties will need to collectively take 20 to 40 depositions. Further complicating a scheduling of depositions is a fact that Tate's former bandmates will be roving for many of Sep and will be taken for depositions.
Said a Tates in their motion, that can be noticed on a The Breakdown Room web site: "There simply is not adequate time to scrupulously ready for trial. Discovery is incomplete. Even if a parties usually overthrow a fragment of a witnesses identified, doing so will take 20 to 30 days. Many of these witnesses are located out of state. The contribution that underlie this brawl camber scarcely 30 years. Trial could take 3 to 4 weeks with 20 to 40 witnesses."
On Aug 16, Wilton, Rockenfield and Jackson filed an opposition to a Tates' suit to continue a hearing date and rectify a box schedule, claiming that "any hurdles [the Tates] face [in scheming for a trial] are 100% a outcome of their disaster to scrupulously prosecute their box and as such should not be means to check a fortitude of this matter to [Tate's former bandmates'] wreckage or [Tate's] advantage."
"From Oct 2012 until Apr 2013 there was scarcely no activity in a case," Wilton, Rockenfield and Jackson wrote. "In Apr 2013, [the Tates] propounded interrogatories and requests for prolongation on [Wilton, Rockenfield and Jackson]. Responses were granted in May. Not until Jul 31, 2013, did [the Tates] lift any objections to a endowment of a responses to that discovery, some-more than dual months after pronounced responses were served. Other than dual associated subpoenas for documents, [the Tates] have intent in no other discovery."
Wilton, Rockenfield and Jackson also indicted Geoff Tate of "continu[ing] to mistreat a QUEENSRŸCHE brand" given a Tates' strange lawsuit was filed in Jun 2012. "The newest self-titled QUEENSRŸCHE CD recover by a [Todd La Torre-fronted chronicle of a band] entered a U.S. charts during #23 and continues to get 9-out-of-10-star reviews and is still offered really good on a weekly basement around a globe," Wilton, Rockenfield and Jackson wrote. "In comparison, Geoff Tate expelled his possess QUEENSRŸCHE CD in Apr of this year patrician 'Frequency Unknown' and decorated as F.U. on a cover, that entered a charts during #82, perceived really bad reviews around a world, and has slowed to roughly no some-more weekly sales. [The Todd La Torre-fronted chronicle of QUEENSRŸCHE's] new CD even outperformed a final dual CDs of them with Geoff Tate, offered some-more in a month than a 'Dedicated to Chaos' CD has given a recover in 2010, and charting most improved than both that manuscript and a prior one, 'American Soldier'. Thus, a lapse to a classical sound [Tate's former] bandmates have finished with a new CD and live shows has been met with strenuous success."
They added: "Geoff Tate also chose really feeble in employing live musicians that have shown that they are not able of representing a scold performances of a QUEENSRŸCHE song legacy, and he was constantly replacing them. He has been charity his low-quality chronicle of QUEENSRŸCHE to a promoters during a most reduced rate, as low as $10,000 per night, when, in fact, [his former] bandmates have finished their best to keep a certified QUEENSRŸCHE during an normal of good over $20,000 per uncover this whole year. However, this becomes harder and harder with Geoff Tate's sub-par rope and cut-rate pricing that continues to be deleterious to a QUEENSRŸCHE code and bequest no matter who eventually wins control after trial."
In a code new talk with The Oakland Press, Rockenfield pronounced pronounced that "negotiations are ongoing between Tate and a singer's former bandmates and "there's still time for anything to occur between now and [the start of a trial]."
"I consider a certainty is flattering high," Scott said. "There's a lot of authorised things we have to understanding with, though we only feel good and demeanour during it as a light during a finish of a hovel and keep personification shows and creation music. we consider when we do that, a right preference will be finished in time."
Article source: METAL NEWS
Metal Sludge
Delayed Sludge


text:
Albany Tribune News
Free and Independent
Albany Tribune News > Wineries in Albany and Willamette Valley
Author: Albany Tribune August 9, 2011
The Albany Tribune is a free and independent online news magazine aimed at providing a bigger picture of the world, for a smaller market. Who says a local news organization has to be just focused on local news? We certainly don't.
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Kevin Nolan backs Andy Carroll to reach the top after 35m switch
Newcastle captain Kevin Nolan has backed Andy Carroll to go and become one of the best strikers in the Premier League after the powerful No 9 secured a record deadline day transfer to Liverpool. Toon idol Carroll moved to Merseyside for a whopping ?35million on Monday, a move which briefly was the most expensive in history between two English clubs. It was usurped by Fernando Torres - the man Carroll was bought in to replace - moved south to Chelsea for ?50m. Strong bond: Andy Carroll has been backed to reach the top of the game by former team-mate Kevin Nolan But Nolan, a boyhood Liverpool fan, believes Anfield will soon forget about their departing Spaniard when Carroll gets into full swing. He said: 'You are getting a top, top player. Obviously I've had a lot of texts and calls over the last day or so. I'm quite surprised at how pleased everyone is with it. He's only just burst onto the scene in the last six months. 'Believe me you have got a top, top player. He's going to be one of the best. There's no-one like him in the league. He'll score and create goals. He'll also show great desire and commitment. That's what Liverpool fans want and deserve. 'He's still a young lad. Everyone forgets that. He's great around the dressing room. He's funny in his own witty way and as you know I'm very friendly with him. 'I managed to get away with him with a few times last year with a couple of friends of mine who are going to be in Liverpool and can help him settle in. Out of Toon: Andy Carroll claims he was forced out of Newcastle 'When we first heard about the move he asked me what I thought. You can imagine my reaction. I was delighted for him. He's going to be a great addition to what is a new start for Liverpool.' Carroll has emerged as one of the most promising frontman in the Premier League since helping fire Newcastle back to the top flight at the first time of asking. Big boots to fill: Fernando Torres left Liverpool for a record ?50m His quick start to the campaign caught the eye of Fabio Capello and the 22-year-old was promptly handed his first England cap in November. Nolan knew such recognition wasn't far away. 'I don't think anyone could say you aren't surprised (at the speed of his development),' he added in the interview with LFC Now. 'We always knew he had the talent. It was just whether he had the temperament. He has got that and has everything. 'Some things have been written about him that I think have been unfair. When he gets on that pitch with the quality of players you have, with Stevie and the likes of Meireles putting it on a plate for him, he won't let them down. I'm very confident about that. 'I loved playing with him. He'll give you everything he has got and make sure the central defenders come off knowing they've had a game. 'People say he's an old-fashioned type of centre forward but I'm sure over the next five years or so you'll see that he has more than that in his game. I think it showed in the goal he scored against Liverpool at our place this season, that he has the talent to strike a great ball too. 'I'm gutted we've lost him but delighted he's gone to a fantastic club.' Four-some: Ancelotti ready to start Torres with duo against LiverpoolPulis wary of Liverpool threat despite the departure of hitman TorresWas Abramovich prepared to spend even more? Anderlecht reject Chelsea bid for ?25m-rated striker LukakuAll the latest Newcastle news, features and opinionAll the latest Liverpool news, features and opinion Explore more:People: Kevin Nolan, Fernando Torres, Fabio Capello, Andy Carroll Places: Newcastle, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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International Concepts T01-3048 Dining Table
Product Description
Available while supplies last.
This Dining Table by International Concepts is offered in a natural finish.
Dining Table
- Easy to assemble
Finish: | Natural | |
Materials: | Solid Wood | |
Usage: | Assembly Required | |
Application | Indoor, Residential | |
Assembly Required Some products are shipped to your door step assembled while others may require light assembly. | Assembly Required | Ready to Assemble |
Base Style This field allows you to specify the base / support style of the table in the dining set. | Base Style | Leg |
Distressed Finish Furniture distressing is the act of making a piece look as though it is worn out or antique. This style has become a very popular finish in the industry. Narrow your results here by whether or not you desire a distressed finish. | Distressed Finish | Non-Distressed |
Table Extension This option allows you to specify the type of extension you would like your dining table to have, if any. | Table Extension | None |
Type of Dining Table Here you can select the type of dining table that you would like to purchase. Wether it be for formal or informal occasions or if you would like to select a specific height. Check all of the boxes that apply. | Type of Dining Table | Casual Dining |
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Write a ReviewNice table,
By Sheila W. from Menlo Park, CA on Sep 12, 2011
Table is a very hard to find size. Wood reminds me of butcher block wood...shiny clear finish. Colro of wood is more orangy that shows online but a good value for a nice table.
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International Concepts Dining Table T01-3048
By Thaddeus W. from Arlington Hts, IL on Oct 13, 2014
Casual Do-It-Yourselfer
Easy to put together, looks great, would recommend to all.
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Review of International *T01-3048 Solid Wood Rectangular Dining Table, Natural
By leslie y. from franklin, MA on Mar 11, 2012
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Star Bodies After Baby
Heidi Klum
Model and reality show host Heidi Klum seems stress-free about losing the extra baby weight with baby number four. Six weeks after giving birth to Lou Sulola, Klum had already lost 25 pounds, just in time for her to host the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. Klum attributes her weight loss to light cardio workouts and swears she didn't diet. "I still have 20 lbs. to go, but there's no master plan," she told People.
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Jeff Hardy Interview / College Football Bowl Mania
TNA Impact champion Jeff Hardy joins the show!
Hardy takes Adam Carriker and Chuck Carroll through his favorite career moments, including his match against the Undertaker on Monday Night Raw many years ago. He credits that match with taking his solo career to the next level.
"That was one of the most amazing story telling matches I've ever been a part of," said Hardy.
Hardy also says he's thoroughly enjoying the business. Although not 100 percent of the time as it used to be, he still gets a huge rush at certain points.
Asked whether he would want to be a heel or baby face, Hardy says he had a ton of fun being the bad guy in professional wrestling.
Hardy and guys go over his music career, his art and how he determines how he will paint his face each night.
** Chuck lost a wager to Carriker and had to wear his over-sized clothes on the night of this taping **
On the college football side of things, the guys have launched their own Bowl Mania Challenge!
Pick all of the college bowl games and rank them in the order in which you're most confident about your predictions.
Chuck and Adam go over their top 10 bowl predictions.


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In fact the Ferrari team missed the first race of the initial Formula One championship, the 1950 British Grand Prix, due to a dispute about the "start money" paid to entrants, and debuted at the 1950 Monaco Grand Prix. Its break-out season was 1961, where the team fielded Phil Hill, Wolfgang von Trips and Ritchie Ginther driving the beautiful shark-nosed Ferrari 156, which was dominant throughout the season. Team orders have proven controversial at several points in Ferrari's history. In 1982, at the San Marino Grand Prix, the two Ferraris were leading with Gilles Villeneuve ahead of Didier Pironi, but Villeneuve was shocked when Pironi overtook and won the race. Villeneuve's anger at what he saw as betrayal by his teammate is often considered a major factor in his death in qualifying at the next race in Zolder, Belgium. Similar, albeit non-fatal, controversies erupted in 2002 and 2010. Ferrari has always produced engines for their own Formula One cars — winning more GPs even than the storied Ford Cosworth powerplant — and also supplies engines to other teams. In 2010 and 2011, for instance, Scuderia Toro Rosso and Sauber used Ferrari engines. Ferrari previously sold F1 engines to Minardi, Scuderia Italia SpA, Prost Grand Prix (engines badged "Acer"), Red Bull, Spyker F1 and Force India.
Ferrari holds the F1 records for most wins, most poles and most constructors Championships. It's driver line-up has included such legends as Juan Manuel Fangio, Phil Hill, Niki Lauda, Alain Prost and Nigel Mansell, among others. It is German Michael Schumacher and team principal (now FIA chief) John Todt with whom the Scuderia had their greatest period in the early 2000s, utterly dominating the sport for six straight years. Ferrari's history has included some bleak uncompetitive periods, but the sea of red at most GP venues today and their obvious passion proves the team's continued central role in Formula One racing and culture. Despite the team's periodic, petulant threats to boycott F1 or form a break-away series, the sport would be lifeless without the boys from Maranello. Official Scuderia Ferrari Site.
Two years later, McLaren emerged to take center stage, with Fittipaldi driving to a World Championship. The team even managed to win the Indy 500 in the same year, duplicating the Jim Clark/Lotus feat from 1965. Its next championship GP win came in 1976 with James Hunt taking over from Fittipaldi and capturing the drivers' championship. By the 1980s McLaren was in top form. The team merged with Ron Dennis' Formula 2 team to form the current McLaren F1 Racing team and they began an unparalleled dominance of Formula one. A succession of top drivers over the next few years, the likes of Niki Lauda, Alain Prost and Senna, brought great results with McLaren taking championships in 1984, 1985, 1988 and 1989. Teammates Senna and Prost achieved the highest number of race wins of any pair in F1, notching up 14 between them in 1988 and 1989. The winning combination of Senna & Prost together with a class-leading new Honda engine meant that not only did they win all but one race in 1988, they also led all but 27 laps of the season, a record still unbeaten today. Official Vodaphone McLaren Mercedes Site.
Off track, Red Bull's technical team was growing, engineers and mechanics with championship pedigree experience were recruited, among them famed designer Adrian Newey. The new technical chief had a reputation for innovation and six Constructors' Championship titles to back it up; having taken both Williams and McLaren to the heady heights of multiple titles in the 1990s, Newey's challenge was to do the same for a young team determined to challenge the status quo at every opportunity. Six short seasons into Red Bull's F1 adventure Newey delivered, ensuring the team's first victory was crowned with a 1-2 finish. Seizing on major regulation changes for the 2009 season, the designer penned a spectacular car that took six wins on its way to second behind the equally radical Brawn GP driven by Jenson Button. That innovative design — accompanied, as always, by controversy over things like blown diffusers — paved the way for Sebastian Vettel's remarkable back-to-back World Championships, now powered by Renault, in 2010 and 2011. With a brilliant 16 season pole positions (including 12 straight) and a massive points lead, Red Bull Racing's dominant 2011 performance exceeded even the memorable years of McLaren in 1988-89 and Williams in 1992-93. Having now scored consecutive Constructors' titles, Red Bull continues as of this writing to keep its more established Formula One rivals decisively behind on the grid. Official Red Bull Racing Site.
Prior to the 1985 season, Frank Williams was involved in a road accident while returning from a test session at Paul Ricard circuit in France. He suffered a broken neck and would thereafter be confined to a wheelchair, while maintaining his classic British demeanor. At the 1997 British Grand Prix, Villeneuve won the team's 100th race, making Williams one of only three teams in Formula One, alongside Ferrari and McLaren, to take the laurels in 100 races. Williams won nine Constructors' titles in a mere 18 years (1980 to 1997), which stood as a all-time F1 record until surpassed by Ferrari in 2000. Many famous racing drivers have driven for Williams, including Jones, Finland's Keke Rosberg, Britain's Nigel Mansell, Damon Hill and Jenson Button, France's Alain Prost, Brazil's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna, and Villeneuve — all of whom, with the exception of Senna and Button, captured one driving title with the team. After Williams secured the signing of Senna in 1994, Prost retired rather than partner again with his greatest rival, as Prost's contract prohibiting the hiring of Senna covered only 1993. After Senna tragically died in a Williams car during the San Marino GP at Imola, Italy, Frank Williams, Head and chief designer Adrian Newey were all — ridiculously — accused of manslaughter. The trial finally closed in April 2007; although found responsible for Senna's accident, Patrick Head was not arrested because the final verdict was issued after the statute of limitations had expired. Nonetheless, Williams in 2011 became the first Formula One constructor to undertake an Initial Public Offering ("flotation" in the UK), and is still the only publicly traded F1 organization. Official Williams F1 Site.
Lotus is credited with making the mid-engined layout popular for IndyCars, developing the first monocoque F1 chassis, and the integration of the engine and transaxle as chassis components. Lotus was also among the pioneers in Formula One in adding wings and shaping the undersurface of the car to create downforce, as well as the first to move radiators to the sides of the car to aid aerodynamic performance, and invented computer-controlled "active" suspension. Chapman's quest for lightness at the cost of structural rigidity, however, has been criticized as contributing to the dark cloud of death that hung over the sport in the '60s and '70s. Even after Chapman's own premature heart attack passing at age 54 in 1982, Lotus continued to be a major player in Formula One well until the late 1980s. Ayrton Senna drove for Team Lotus from 1985-87, winning twice in each season and posting 17 pole positions. However, the team's last F1 race was in 1994, when the cars were no longer competitive, the organization demoted essentially to a backmarker and shortly thereafter dissolving into bankruptcy. Lotus won a total of 79 Grands Prix. During his own lifetime, Chapman saw Lotus overtake Ferrari as the first F1 team to achieve 50 GP victories, despite Ferrari having won their first nine years sooner. In 2010, the Team Lotus brand was reincarnated after more than a decade away from Formula One as a Malaysian-owned outfit running classic British racing green and yellow livery. But then in 2011, Renault F1 (in turn, formerly Benetton, where Michael Schumacher won his first two World Championships) was re-christened Lotus-Renault, running with virtually the same, black "JPS Lotus" colors in which Mario Andretti won the 1978 World Championship — leading to the thoroughly confusing spectacle of two teams with the Lotus moniker in the Formula One paddock. That's now been settled — the current Lotus F1 Team races on, still clad in distinctive black and gold, led in 2013 by Kimi Räikkönen. And they're doing rather well. Official Lotus F1 Team Site.
It took a few years, but the Indianapolis establishment also gradually realized the writing was on the wall and the days of their front-engined roadsters were numbered. Beginning with Jim Clark, who piloted a rear-engined Lotus in 1965, every winner of the Indy 500 has had the engine in the back. The revolution begun nearly a decade before by a little chain-driven, 500cc Cooper Formula 3 car was now complete. Once other F1 constructors began building rear-engined race cars, however, the practicality and intelligent construction of Cooper's single-seaters was overtaken by more sophisticated technology from Lotus, BRM and Ferrari. Cooper fought back with a monocoque chassis in 1966, but its Maserati and then its BRM engines were not competitive. The Cooper team's decline accelerated when John Cooper was seriously injured in a road accident in 1963 (driving a twin-engined Mini Cooper). After the death of his father, Cooper sold the team to Chipstead Motor Group in April 1965. Cooper Racing's final F1 victory was achieved by Mexican driver Pedro Rodríguez at the 1967 South African GP in a Cooper T81. In all, Coopers participated in 129 Formula One World Championship events in nine years, winning 16 races. And the Cooper name continues in the automobile world thanks to the Mini Cooper, a popular road (and former rally) car now manufactured by BMW. GrandPrix.com Cooper Profile.


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I'm writing this a little later than I'd like, but here is a recap of my last two weeks at DIS. I'm currently giving my parents a three-day tour of Copenhagen before coming home for Christmas. Click here for more pictures!
The last week of classes was hectic. On Monday, 12/2, I had my last lectures in Global Economics and Environmental Economics before my impending final exams. I also gave a presentation in my Danish class about the Danish model of education, which is so different from our own. On a similar note, this was also the day that everyone at DIS was able to begin submitting online course evaluations. Evaluation and reflection are important elements of Danish education, so these are extremely important to DIS's mission. They take them very seriously and even withhold final grades from students who do not complete the evaluations on time.
In that same vein, I attended a Global Economics focus group on Wednesday, 12/4. For about one hour, we met with the program assistant, Julie, and the program director, Susanne, to discuss the good and the bad about Global Economics——how the program could improve, how it reflects (or doesn't reflect) our economics education back home, how well the assignments match up with what we are learning, etc. This kind of thing rarely happens back home, but it was good to see that DIS is concerned with evaluating its programs.
On Thursday, I took my final exam in Global Economics. I won't get the grade back for about a month, but it went better than I expected. Immediately following that exam was my final Danish class, where we played pakkeleg, the aggressive Danish version of secret Santa. Suzanne also let us evaluate the course as a group and then left us with some parting words about how DIS is just the beginning of our future…bittersweet, but very true.
Later that afternoon, I began working on my philosophy term paper, which was due the next day. It went pretty quickly, though, because I wrote about something relevant to my interest in languages: multilingualism and its effect on personalities/self-expression. This was also the same day as a huge wind storm, called Bodil, plowed through Denmark. It was an appropriate way to end this chaotic last week of classes.
On Friday, I awoke to the first snow of the season. It started as sleet and by that night, it turned into real snow and accumulated about 2 inches. Although it hasn't snowed since, I'm happy to have experienced a small taste of Danish winter. The snow coincided with my Global Economics farewell dinner at Café Oven Vande in Christianshavn. Every program has a budget for a farewell dinner, which is a really nice way to close out the semester because these are the people with whom you have spent the most time in class for four months. Although it's uncertain if we'll cross paths again, it really was a pleasure to meet people from so many different universities with so many different backgrounds and interests.
On Saturday, I treated myself to dinner at a small restaurant in Nørrebro called Grød. This place only sells porridge in many forms, and I had a savory version made with chunks of flæskesteg, or Danish pork roast. This was the perfect way to celebrate the end of classes before delving into finals.
Speaking of finals, I had my Environmental Economics final on Monday, 12/9, which went well, and then I wrote a 10-page ethics term paper in the span of 24 hours. (This is quite embarrassing; I do not recommend this shameful strategy to anyone.) Although the subject matter is interesting——an analysis of the ethical implications of looking at selfhood/personhood from a scientific perspective——I just did not set aside enough time to get the paper done before Monday evening.
In addition to being worth 40% of my final grade, this paper will be graded according to University of Copenhagen standards. That is, a faculty member in the school of theology, chosen at random by the department chair, will read and grade my class's papers. My teacher, René, will also grade the papers. In true Danish fashion, they must meet on a certain day in early January and reach a consensus on each student's paper grade before a final grade can be submitted. Nerve-wracking to say the least, but an excellent part of my immersion in another country's education system. In case you're wondering, I submitted it at 3:45 PM on Tuesday, 12/10, just 15 minutes before the due date.
Keeping up my streak of being a good student, I submitted my final Danish paper (in English, fortunately) at 11:58 P.M. on Wednesday, just before the midnight deadline. This was fun to write, though, because it was a reflection on the semester and fit perfectly as the last assignment of the semester. It provided a lot of closure for these four months.
The reason this paper was a bit late was because I spent the morning and afternoon doing sightseeing that I had not done earlier in the semester. I visited Rosenborg (Christian IV's summer home that is now a museum), the Royal Treasury, Frederiksberg castle, the grave sites of Søren Kierkegaard and Hans Christian Andersen, and had a "snegl" (snail) pastry (think cinnamon bun but 10x better) at St. Peter's, the oldest bakery in Copenhagen. I also had a roast duck confit sandwich at the glass market near Nørreport station…see my pictures for the deliciousness.
On Thursday, 12/12, I was finally a free man. I took the S-train one hour north of Copenhagen to see Frederiksborg Castle in the suburban town of Hillerød. Although I didn't have time to go inside, the grounds and surrounding lake are amazing to see. The sun even made an appearance for the first time in a few days.
The highlight of this day, however, was my first and only sighting of Queen Margrethe II herself outside the Church of Our Lady near DIS! On my way to return textbooks for the semester, I noticed dozens of official-looking cars outside the church. A few steps later, I saw the Queen's Rolls Royce parked next to the church and got really excited. Seeing the Queen was something I imagined might happen this semester but wasn't something I seriously pursued. This was just a "right place, right time" moment for me. After about 20 minutes, the Queen's drivers pulled the car in front of the church, and the Queen came right out into the open for all to see. Several state guests accompanied her (they appeared to be wearing Swedish flag pins), and they paused for press pictures before driving off in the Rolls Royce. This was something I'll never forget. Only a week later did I find out it was a ceremony for the appointment of several new ministers in the Danish government, one of whom is a DIS teacher!
To top off this excellent day, I got to see The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (aka Hobitten: Dragen Smaugs Ødemark in Danish). It was played in English with Danish subtitles, which was fine with me considering the movie was released a day earlier than in the USA.
On Friday the 13th, I dropped off my faithful bike rental at the shop and then cleaned my room from top to bottom in preparation for my room check the following day. It was surreal to be packing up all of my things because it felt like I had just arrived in Copenhagen not long ago. The next day, I handed over my keys at 10:30 A.M. My visiting family picked me up at 11:00 A.M. and allowed me to stay in their home for one night before my parents arrived the next day (i.e., to avoid moving out of my apartment and then moving into a hotel in one sitting). They treated me to frikadeller, or Danish meatballs, for dinner, and then we watched a movie. (Interestingly, we rented this movie from Blockbuster, which still exists in Scandinavia for some reason. Go figure.)
Despite the East Coast snow storm that threatened to cancel my parents' flight to Copenhagen, it was only delayed 90 minutes, and they arrived safely at 1:30 P.M. on Sunday, 12/15. Next time, I'll tell you all about our adventures in Copenhagen!


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MILTON / BARRINGTON — "Angels for Angelo" is an ongoing effort being put forth by the communities of Barrington and Milton as well as surrounding areas to help raise money and support for Angelo Loli , a 17 year old Nute High School student/ varsity basketball player who is still in the hospital with a rare brain condition known as AVM . Older articles: Funding site established for Milton student with rare brain condition
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While Enabling Pain Clinics, Rick Scott's Team Proposes Eliminating Funding for Real Clinics
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According to Scripps Treasure Coast newspapers, county health department clinics serve around 60,000 people a year. The clinics also receive federal Medicaid funding. Scott's team is proposing converting the clinics to a nonprofit, privately run model.
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Advances in Meteorology
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 951261, 9 pages
Analyses on the Changes of Grazing Capacity in the Three-River Headwaters Region of China under Various Climate Change Scenarios
1Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
2Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11A, Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing 100101, China
3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
Received 19 May 2013; Revised 17 July 2013; Accepted 4 August 2013
Academic Editor: Xiangzheng Deng
Copyright © 2013 Rongrong Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
On the livestock production in the Three-River Headwaters region (TRHR) in the macrocontext of climatic change, this study analyzed the possible changing trends of the net primary productivity (NPP) of local grasslands under four RCPs scenarios (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5) during 2010–2030 with the model estimation, and the grass yield and theoretical grazing capacity under each scenario were further qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that the grassland productivity in the TRHR will be unstable under all the four scenarios. The grassland productivity will be greatly influenced by the fluctuations of precipitation and the temperature fluctuations will also play an important role during some periods. The local grassland productivity will decrease to some degree during 2010–2020 and then will fluctuate and increase slowly during 2020–2030.The theoretical grazing capacity was analyzed in this study and calculated on the basis of the grass yield. The result indicates that the theoretical grazing capacity ranges from 4 million sheep to 5 million sheep under the four scenarios and it can provide quantitative information reference for decision making on how to determine the reasonable grazing capacity, promote the sustainable development of grasslands, and so forth.
1. Introduction
The net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation reflects the productivity of the vegetation under the natural conditions [1]. The climatic change is one of the key driving forces of the interannual change of NPP of vegetation [2]. The climate is undergoing the change which is mainly characterized by the global warming. The land surface temperature has increased significantly since the 1980s, especially in the northern region of China [3–6]. The grassland is one of the most important land use types in China, which has essential functions in the development of the animal husbandry [7]. The grassland is greatly influenced by the climatic change, and the spatiotemporal change of NPP of grasslands and the influencing mechanism of the climatic change on it have been one of the research focuses at home and abroad [8–11].
The Three-River Headwaters region (TRHR) is the headstream of the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Lancang River, which is one of the most ecologically sensitive areas in China. Besides, it is also the largest animal husbandry production base in Qinghai Province, with about 21.3 thousand km2 of native pasture and native grassland. Many researchers have analyzed the change of NPP in this area from different perspectives [12–16] and there have been many research works on the pattern and spatiotemporal characteristics of NPP of ecosystems. However, there have been few comprehensive studies on the spatiotemporal change of NPP of grasslands and the consequent effects in the TRHR. On the one hand, owing to the distinctive natural ecological conditions in this region, the development of local animal husbandry always depends on the increase of the livestock amount, which increases the income of local people and meanwhile leads to the long-term overgrazing. The serious grassland degradation has greatly restrained the development of the local animal husbandry and change of landscape [17]. On the other hand, the global warming has led to the decrease of the average annual precipitation, and the grass yield per unit area also decreases slightly year by year, which has threatened the development of local animal husbandry. Therefore a description of the climate and relevant economic activities in the study area is detailed and significant [18]. In order to solve the problems brought by the grassland degradation and promote the sustainable development of the local animal husbandry in the TRHR, it is necessary to carry out scientific prediction of the local grass yield, determine the reasonable grazing capacity, and guide the production of local animal husbandry.
The research on NPP of the grassland is the basis for the study of the grass yield and prediction of grazing capacity, and there have been many investigations and research works on the estimation of NPP of the grassland in China in recent years. The methods to estimate NPP of grassland vary greatly due to the difference in the natural environment of the study area, data availability, and so forth. There are mainly four kinds of models to estimate NPP of grassland, that is, the light use efficiency model, ecosystem process model, remote sensing-process coupling model, and climatic statistic model [19]. There are both advantages and disadvantages in these models. For example, the light use efficiency model based on the mechanism of vegetation photosynthesis is easy to be constructed and has high calculation efficiency, but there are some faults in the factors taken into account, parameter selection, calculation result, and so forth. The ecosystem process model simulates the physiological processes of vegetation and applies the technologies such as the remote sensing, which makes it possible to carry out multiscale dynamic monitoring of the spatiotemporal change of NPP. However, this model is very complex and requires high quality data, which restrains its practicability to some degree, especially in the regional estimation. The remote sensing-process coupling model integrates the advantages of both the models mentioned above, but the accuracy of its calculation result is greatly influenced by other factors. The climatic statistic model introduces the regression models constructed with the simple climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation and has a low data requirement. This kind of models is more practical, but it is still limited by the low accuracy of the result. There is great complexity, uncertainties, and inaccuracy in the extraction of vegetation indices and soil parameters with the remote sensing data, all of which make it very difficult and very inaccurate to calculate these data with the light use efficiency model, ecosystem process model, and ecological remote sensing coupling model. Besides, it is a fact that the climatic conditions have great impacts on the livestock production in the study area. Therefore, the climatic statistic model was finally used to estimate the future grassland productivity in the TRHR.
The most widely used climate models mainly include the Miami Model, Thornthwaite Memorial Model, Chikugo Model, and the comprehensive model. The climate model is an effective tool in the study of climate [20]. The comprehensive model is more suitable for the estimation of NPP of vegetation in the arid area than the Chikugo Model. Besides, in comparison with other three models, the comprehensive Model has a solider theoretical foundation, takes more into account of the physiological processes of vegetation, and consequently can obtain a better estimation result in Zhejiang Province [21] and Inner Mongolia [22, 23].
In order to overall forecast the changing trend of the grassland NPP and theoretical grazing capacity in the study area in the context of climate change, four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) (which represent the emission trajectories under the natural and social conditions and the corresponding scenarios) were selected to analyze the changing trend of grassland NPP in the Three-River Headwaters region. This study is of both theoretical and practical significance. In theory, this study extends the field of application of the estimation of NPP and explored the theoretical grazing capacity in the TRHR in the future, which provides certain references for the relevant research works in other similar regions. In practice, this study qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the changing trend of the grass yield and grazing capacity in the study area, which can provide some guidance for the local grassland utility and management and the development of animal husbandry and promote the harmonious and sustainable development of the local man-land relationship.
2. Study Area
The TRHR is located in the southern part of Qinghai Province of China, between 31°39′–36°12′N and 89°45′–102°23′E with an area of 363 thousand km2 which accounts for 43% of the total area of Qinghai Province. The TRHR with the altitude ranges from 3500 m to 4800 m is the headstream of the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Lancang River and has a dense network of rivers. The administrative regions cover 16 counties, including Yushu, Xinghai, Tongde, Zeku, Matuo, Maqin, Dari, Gande, Jiuzhi, Banma, Chengduo, Zaduo, Zhiduo, Qumalai, Nangqian, and Henan, except for Tanggula Mountain Town which is under the charge of Golmud City.
The grassland area is 203 thousand km2 in the TRHR, accounting for 65.4% of the total area of this region (Figure 1). The vegetation diversity of the TRHR is the richest among the regions at the same altitude all over the world. The grassland type changes from alpine meadow to high-cold steppe and alpine desert, with the productivity also gradually decreasing [24–27]. The grassland resource is very rich in this region; however, the grass yield per unit area has decreased year by year due to the climatic change and overgrazing in recent years, which has threatened the development of the local animal husbandry.
3. Methodology and Data
3.1. Models
3.1.1. Comprehensive Model
The comprehensive model was developed on the basis of two well-known balance equations, that is, the water balance equation and heat balance equation [28, 29]. Zhou and Zhang deduced the regional evapotranspiration model that links the water balance equation and heat balance equation from the physical process during the energy and moisture influence the vaporization and then constructed the natural vegetation NPP model based on the physiological characteristics [28, 29], that is, the Comprehensive Model. The Comprehensive Model can calculate the potential NPP of natural vegetation on the basis of the precipitation and net radiation received by the land surface in the study area. This model is of great significance to the reasonable use of climatic resource and fulfillment of the climatic potential productivity [28]. The formula of this model is as follows: where is the annual net radiation, is the annual precipitation, is the annual latent heat of vaporization, and RDI is the radiation aridity.
3.1.2. Model of the Hay Yield of Grassland
There are mainly three indictors of the grassland productivity, that is, the hay yield, theoretical grazing capacity, and animal products [30]. The hay yield, that is, the total dry matter yield of a certain area during a certain period, reflects the primary productivity of grassland and is a basic indicator of the grassland productivity. In this study, the hay yield of grassland during 2010–2030 was calculated based on NPP of grassland with the following formula: where is the annual total hay yield per unit area (g·m−2·a−1)), NPP is the annual total NPP of grassland (gC·m−2·a−1), is the coefficient of the conversion coefficient of the grassland biomass and NPP (), which is 0.45 [31, 32], and is the proportionality coefficient of the over ground biomass and underground biomass, which varies among different vegetation types [33]. of the alpine meadow, high-cold steppe, and alpine desert is 7.91, 4.25, and 7.89, respectively. According to the location of the study area, of the alpine meadow was used to calculate the grass yield.
3.1.3. Model of the Theoretical Grazing Capacity of Grassland
The theoretical grazing capacity of grassland during 2010–2030 was calculated on the basis of the grass yield. Since the grazing capacity of grassland is customarily represented by the unit of livestock in China, that is, the number of adult livestock that can be supported by per unit of land area every year, and the number of sheep is generally used as the unit, the grazing capacity of grassland is also represented by the number of sheep per unit of land area.
There have been many methods to calculate the theoretical grazing capacity of grassland. The estimation method of "limiting livestock based on grassland carrying capacity" can better reflect the restriction of the practical situation in the grazing districts on the livestock production, and hence the following formula was used [34]: where CA is the theoretical annual grazing capacity of grassland (unit: number of sheep per unit of land area), is the annual hay yield of grassland per square meter (unit: kg/m2), and Cuse is the utilization efficiency of grass by the livestock varying among different grassland types [34]. In this study, Cuse of the alpine meadow, high-cold steppe and alpine desert, shrubbery, and swamp meadow is 60%, 50%, 40%, and 55%, respectively. is the hay quantity needed by per unit of sheep every day (unit: kg/d), which was set to be 2.0 kg according to the relevant criterion [35]. DOY (unit: d) is 365. Since the grassland is the main vegetation type in the Three-River Headwaters region, Cuse of the high-cold steppe was used to estimate the theoretical grazing capacity of grassland during 2010–2030.
3.2. Data Source
The data of precipitation and near-surface air temperature in the study area was simulated with the models of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5). There are three steps in the data processing. (1) The data was first selected and downloaded, including the model (CCSM4), modeling realm (atmosphere), ensemble (r6i1p1 and r5i1p1), and climatic variables (precipitation and near-surface air temperature). (2) The data of study area was then extracted and calculated. The annual average value was calculated based on the monthly data, and the annual precipitation was calculated as the sum of the monthly precipitation and then extracted 112 points covering the study area. (3) The point data with the spatial resolution degree were interpolated in 1 km × 1 km raster using the Kriging method and were projected with the Albers 1940 coordinate system.
4. Results and Analyses
4.1. Changing Trend of NPP of Grassland in the TRHR
There is significant spatial heterogeneity of the NPP in the TRHR, decreasing from the southeast to the northwest on the whole (Figure 2). The results indicate that the NPP of grassland mainly increases in the east and southeast part, while it decreases significantly in the northwest, southwest, and middle part. There is no significant change of the NPP of grassland in most of other parts. The changing trends of NPP during every ten years indicate that the NPP changes significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario and RCP4.5 scenario, increasing in the east and southeast part to some degree and decreasing in the south part to some extent. The NPP changes slightly under the RCP6.0 scenario and RCP8.5 scenario. Under the RCP4.5 scenario, the NPP decreases obviously in the middle and south part during 2010–2020 and increases slightly during 2020–2030, indicating that there is serious desertification of the local grassland. Besides, the increase of NPP by 2030 suggests that there is some improvement of the conditions of the local grassland.
In this study, the influence of temperature and precipitation on the change of NPP was analyzed. The result indicates that the NPP of grassland will range from 100 to 130 during 2010–2030. The results under different scenarios are shown as follows (Figure 3).
The result under the RCP2.6 scenario indicates that the temperature and precipitation would present a decreasing trend during 2015–2020 and 2025–2030 and shows an opposed trend during 2010–2015 and 2020–2025 (Figure 3). The precipitation will fluctuate more greatly than the temperature on the whole. By contrast, the NPP will change in an opposite way during these periods, but with smaller amplitude of fluctuation. Therefore, there is a significant negative relationship between the NPP and temperature, while there is only a weak relationship between the NPP and precipitation under this scenario.
The result under the RCP4.5 scenario indicates that the NPP and precipitation show a similar changing trend, that is, a concave-down parabolic trajectory on the whole. The precipitation will fluctuate most greatly during 2010–2020, while the NPP first decrease with the precipitation and then increases rapidly after reaching a relatively low level. The NPP will decrease by 8.4% from 2010 to 2015, but it will increase by 8.2% from 2015 to 2020. Then the NPP will increase slowly while fluctuating slightly during 2020–2030. Therefore, there is a significant negative relationship between the NPP and precipitation under this scenario, while the relationship between the NPP and temperature is very weak.
The result under the RCP6.0 scenario indicates that the NPP will first increase and then decrease during 2015–2025, while temperature will show an opposite changing trend during this period, as during other period they will change in a similar way. The precipitation will show an increasing trend during 2010–2015 and 2020–2030. The NPP and precipitation will both decline obviously during 2015–2020 and reach the bottom around 2020. The NPP will decrease by 10% in 2020 when compared with 2015, which indicates that the change of NPP is greatly influenced by the change of precipitation during this period and they are strongly correlated. The result suggests that the changing trends of the NPP are consistent with those of the precipitation on the whole, but the fluctuation range of the NPP is small, indicating that there is some lag in the response of the NPP to the change of precipitation under this scenario. According to the analysis above, the NPP responds more sensitively to the change of precipitation than to the change of temperature.
Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the temperature changes slightly during 2010–2025 and 2025–2030 and shows an increasing trend during 2020–2025. Besides, the NPP also fluctuates slightly during 2010–2025 and 2025–2030, indicating that the temperature plays a dominant role in influencing the NPP. The NPP and precipitation both fluctuate significantly during 2015–2020 and there is an obvious low ebb around 2020. The NPP decreases by 15.3% in 2020 in comparison to 2015, indicating that there is a strong correlation between the change of NPP and the change of precipitation. During 2020–2025, the NPP, temperature and precipitation all show an obvious increasing trend. The NPP increases by 20.4% from 2020 to 2025 and reaches a significant peak around 2025, indicating that there is significant relationship between the change of NPP and the changes of both the precipitation, and temperature. Therefore, the temperature plays a key role in influencing the change of NPP during 2010–2020 and 2025–2030, while the precipitation plays a dominant role during 2015–2020. Besides, during 2020–2025, both the temperature and precipitation greatly influence the NPP.
4.2. Changing Trend of Grass Yield of Grassland
The result under the RCP2.6 scenario indicates that the changing trend and fluctuation range of the grass yield are both pretty consistent with those of the NPP mentioned above; that is, both increase during 2015–2020 and 2025–2030 and decrease during 2010–2015 and 2020–2025 (Figure 4). On the whole, the grass yield is generally above 6.3 million tons under this scenario except for the period around 2025, and the fluctuation range is not great and the average yield level is very stable.
The result under the RCP4.5 scenario indicates that the grassland yield will fluctuate greatly but will still increase slightly on the whole during 2010–2015. The grass yield will keep a stable increasing trend during 2015–2030. In comparison to the changing trend of NPP mentioned above, the changing trend of the grass yield is consistent with that of the NPP during 2015–2030, but they are not closely related during 2010–2015.
The result under the RCP6.0 scenario indicates that the grass yield will decline during 2010–2020 and then tends to increase slowly after reaching a low level around 2020, indicating that the grass yield of the TRHR will fluctuate greatly under this scenario.
The result under the RCP8.5 scenario suggests that the grass yield of the TRHR will fluctuate slightly during 2010–2015, then declines significantly, and thereafter keeps an increasing trend, but the increment will gradually decline and there may even be some slight decrease. According to the analysis above, it is predictable that the grass yield will fluctuate obviously around 2020 and decline to a very low level and will only fluctuate slightly during other periods under this scenario.
To sum up, there is a positive relationship between the grass yield and NPP of grassland in the TRHR. The change of the NPP of grassland has an impact on the grass yield, but its effects vary among different RCPs scenarios. The grass yield is very stable under the RCP2.6 scenario, generally above 6.3 million tons every year. Under the RCP4.5 and RCP6.0 scenarios, the changing trends of the grass yield and NPP of grassland are generally similar during most periods except for 2015–2020, during which their changing trends are contrary. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the grass yield fluctuates most greatly, and the precipitation, grass yield, and NPP of grassland will all descend to the bottom around 2020, indicating that the grass yield is most greatly influenced by the precipitation under this scenario.
4.3. Analysis of the Grazing Capacity of Grassland
The theoretical grazing capacity during 2010–2030 was analyzed in this study. The grazing capacity of grassland in the TRHR was calculated on the basis of the grass yield. The result indicates that the theoretical grazing capacity ranges from 4 million sheep to 5 million sheep under the four scenarios (Figure 5).
The result under the RCP2.6 scenario indicates that the theoretical grazing capacity in the TRHR will show a significant decreasing trend and reach the minimum in 2017, and it will then increase rapidly during 2018–2021 but will thereafter keep a decline trend on the whole (Figure 5). Besides, the inter-annual fluctuation range is very great under this scenario. According to the changing trends of the temperature and precipitation mentioned above, the grazing capacity responds very slowly to the change of temperature within a certain scope and there is no significant relationship between them, while the grazing capacity shows a changing trend similar to that of the precipitation. The result indicates that, under the condition of no great fluctuation in the temperature, the grazing capacity mainly depends on the precipitation, which is consistent with the actual condition that the local animal husbandry is mainly restricted by the water resource.
The result under the RCP4.5 scenario indicates that the grazing capacity fluctuates greatly during 2010–2015, but the fluctuation range will gradually decrease with the time. It shows an increasing trend during 2015–2025, especially during 2019–2025, and there will be a stable and continuous increase. The grazing capacity will first decrease sharply and then increase rapidly during 2025–2030. On the whole, the grazing capacity fluctuates very greatly and the stability is very low under this scenario. It suggests that the grazing capacity of the local grassland increases with the precipitation within a certain scope, beyond which the temperature will play a more important role. In comparison to the changing trends of the temperature and precipitation mentioned above, it can be seen that the influence of the temperature on the grazing capacity is always very significant under this scenario, while that of the precipitation is only significant during 2015–2025.
The result under the RCP6.0 scenario indicates that the grazing capacity shows a decreasing trend on the whole during 2010–2020, during which there is great fluctuation. The grazing capacity will first increase and then decrease during 2020–2030, and it shows a decreasing trend on the whole under this scenario. In comparison to the changing trends of the temperature and precipitation mentioned above, the changing trend of the grazing capacity is more consistent with that of the precipitation. However, during 2020–2030, the change of the grazing capacity is negatively related with the change of temperature, and it responds very slowly to the change of precipitation, and even not obviously. It indicates that the precipitation has more important impacts on the grazing capacity when the temperature is within a certain range; but on condition that the temperature decreases by a certain degree, the precipitation will only play a secondary role.
The result under the RCP8.0 scenario indicates that the local grazing capacity will fluctuate slightly during 2010–2015, but without significant change on the whole. It will continually decrease during 2016–2020 and reach the bottom around 2020 and then will keep increasing and finally fluctuate around 4.5 million sheep. According to the changing trends of the temperature and precipitation, the changing trend of the grazing capacity is more consistent with that of the precipitation, indicating that the precipitation plays a more important role on influencing the grazing capacity than the temperature does.
In summary, the precipitation plays a dominant role in influencing the grazing capacity under the RCP2.6 scenario, and the water resource is the main limiting factor of the development of the local animal husbandry. The precipitation has limited impacts on the development of the local animal husbandry under the RCP4.5 scenario. The theoretical grazing capacity increases with the precipitation within a certain scope, beyond which the temperature will play a more important role. The precipitation and temperature both have some influence on the grazing capacity under the RCP6.0 scenario. The precipitation plays a more important role when the temperature reaches a certain scope and vice versa. The precipitation plays a more important role in influencing the grazing capacity under the RCP8.5 scenario. On the whole, the theoretical grazing capacity in the TRHR ranges from 4 million to 5 million sheep.
5. Conclusion and Discussion
This study estimated the NPP of grassland in the TRHR under four RCPs scenarios based on the comprehensive model and estimated the local grass yield and theoretical grazing capacity in the future. Besides, the future changing trends of the NPP, grass yield, and grazing capacity were analyzed under four scenarios. In this paper, we draw the following conclusions.
There are very complex influences of the precipitation and temperature on the grassland productivity, and the effects of the precipitation and temperature on the NPP, grass yield, and grazing capacity are very complex and unstable under different scenarios. For example, the theoretical grazing capacity in 2029 is 4.1072 million sheep under the RCP2.6 scenario, while it is 4.6527 million sheep under the RCP4.5 scenario, which also differs greatly under another two scenarios.
The grassland productivity in the TRHR is unstable on the whole. The grass yield is greatly influenced by the fluctuation of the precipitation and the temperature which also plays a more important role and subsequently influences the grazing capacity. This conclusion is consistent with that of the previous research on the changing trend of vegetation NPP in the past 50 years in the Yellow River Headwater Area, which was carried out by Yao et al. [36], indicating that the precipitation plays a dominant role in influencing the grassland productivity in the Three-River Headwaters region.
The grassland productivity in the TRHR will decrease slightly during 2010–2020, especially around 2020 when there will be a minimum, while the grazing capacity will first increase and then decrease during this period under all the scenarios except the RCP8.5 scenario. According to the analysis of the changing trend of the grazing capacity, there is a dramatic change in the grazing capacity in the TRHR due to the influence of the climatic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the control on the grazing capacity, eliminate some livestock species in time, and replace the dominant grass species with the grass species that can better adapt to the climatic change. Besides, it is necessary to prepare for the various responses to the climatic change and formulate the artificial intervention mechanism as early as possible so as to reasonably guide the development of the local animal husbandry.
This study forecasted and analyzed the grassland NPP, hay yield of grasslands, and theoretical grazing capacity with the comprehensive model on the basis of the simulation of temperature and precipitation under the four scenarios. The research result is only obtained on the basis of the hydrothermal conditions, while in fact various factors, such as the soil, terrain, and solar radiation, all have some impacts on the grassland NPP. Therefore, there is still some limitations in the result of this study, and it is necessary to carry out more in-depth research works on the modification of the simulation result with the comprehensive model through including more other factors.
This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (no. 012CB95570001) and China National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (Grant no. 71225005), and the Exploratory Forefront Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS are also appreciated.
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Cultural factors are cited as key in the worsening problem of female unemployment.
ISTANBUL, Turkey — Leaning against the sink in her kitchen, the midday sun hits Medine Gezer's face at an angle, aging her beyond her 34 years. The shrieks of her three children drift in from another room, mixing with the smell of cooked rice and cumin.
"My mother, she worked in the field every day. But here in the city, what can I do?" says Gezer, a Kurdish woman living on the second floor of a building in Istanbul's Tarlabasi neighborhood. The structure, which is home to eight families, is of ramshackle construction but immaculate maintenance. Gesturing to the other room, Gezer asks: "Where would I leave my children if I worked? Here I cook, I keep clean, I know my neighbors. My husband goes out, he works for us."
In most countries with a similar starting point, the number of employed women has gone up significantly since the 1980s. But in Turkey, the number has spiraled downward from 34.3 percent in 1988 to 21.6 percent in 2008. In 2006 there were fewer women participating in the Turkish economy than in any other country in the OECD, or for that matter in Europe and the Central Asian region.
"Turkey is striving to become a more competitive force, competing with China, Russia, India and Brazil on the global market," said Diego Angel-Urdinola, a senior economist at the World Bank and team leader of the "Female Labor Participation" report jointly prepared by the World Bank and Turkey's State Planning Organization. "But in the same way that you wouldn't play football without a full team, countries can't compete globally if they don't use the full potential of all their citizens."
Studies show that increasing the number of women who are actively employed in Turkey would reduce poverty and increase national economic output.
"More and better jobs for women will mean higher incomes and better lives not only for them, but also for their families," said Ulrich Zachau, World Bank Country Director for Turkey. "If, for example, 6 or 7 percent more of Turkish women start full-time jobs ... this will reduce poverty by around 15 percent."
Urbanization and declining agricultural employment are seen as one cause of the shrinking female workforce in Turkey. Women like Medine Gezer, who have moved away from the family-based environment of rural agriculture, have a hard time adjusting to the working environments typical of urban labor, which often take them away from their homes and families.
Appalling working conditions, low salaries, long working hours and lack of affordable childcare make the situation for urban working women difficult. The demands of family and community often tip the scales toward staying at home.


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Reclaimed Wood Tables
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We design and manufacture shelving systems in all shapes sizes and configurations. Our most common architecture features heavy duty side supports that accept the shelves into an inset dado joint. This provides plenty of support for all of your books and other items. Often times we include a wooden backing using distressed wide planks, or reclaimed tongue and groove flooring. We have also collaborated with welders and blacksmiths to provide solid wood shelving supported by a custom steel frame. The photo on the right provides an example of a wooden poplar shelving unit with a distressed wide plank backing.
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Television actor Sanjay Gagnani who became famous with his stint as Shishir in daily soap "Humari Saas Leela" on Colors channel has hit the headlines. The reports suggest that the talented actor who became popular on small screen is all set to enter the Bollywood.
Sanjay Gagnani is another name in the list of newbie's in Bollywood industry from Tellywood. But how?
Here is the real dope behind it – The veteran actor Sanay Gagnani will be making his first stint in the Bollywood industry in ace producer Madhur Bhandarkar's much talked about and awaited flick 'Heroine' starring Kareena Kapoor and Arjun Rampal. Yes, it is true- Your very own actor Sanjay Gagnani will now be seen on big screen sharing screen space with B-town's hottest and sexiest actress- Kareena Kapoor.
Sanjay said that it is like a dream come true for him as he always wanted to work with Kareena and finally when he has got the opportunity, he can't gulp it but is just basking in the glory.Sanjay went on saying that he is really excited for his transition from Tellywood to Bollywood and promises to give his best in the flick.
We hope that your transition from Tellywood to Bollywood proves to be a treat for you Sanjay. Good luck!


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Some ramps designed for loading and unloading your truck bed can be an awkward hassle to carry and use. That's why Rush Packable Ramps exist: to make your life easier.
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Things are heating up for Pitbull who has broken through to the mainstream full force and is making his presence known. With "Back in Time" on the MIB3 soundtrack and collabs with J. Lo, Shakira and T-Pain, Pitbull tickets for his latest tour dates are in high demand! Like his last album Global Warming, Pitbull is sure to heat things up on the dancefloor!
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