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Irish Fair in the Square
Best Family-Friendly Activities In Pittsburgh For St. Patrick's Day 2014
Want to wish your family and friends Lá Fhéile Pádraig Sona Daoibh while partying it up with the kids this St. Paddy's Day? Look no further than here for the four best family-friendly events in the 'Burgh.
Best Ways For Kids To Celebrate St. Patrick's Day 2013 In Pittsburgh
March is Irish-American Month and what better way to celebrate St.Patrick's Day with a parade in Pittsburgh? The parade route traverses through the city to highlight the Irish heritage. Families and children may use this time to learn about the culture, dances, songs, and historical background of the Irish people in the Pittsburgh region. There are free events that will make St.Patrick's Day a special celebration to remember.


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Welcome to Woodland Painting! Owners, Todd Anderson and Heath Brolsma, have over 20 years experience each, operating as Woodland Painting, Inc. since 2000. Woodland Painting specializes in a variety of exterior and interior professional painting services in the Twin Cities metro area. They understand the importance of quality work and exceptional customer service. By utilizing only top of the line paints, stains and other materials, a painting project completed by Woodland Painting ensures a quality finish.
Woodland Painting proudly offers professional exterior and interior painting services in the following areas of the Twin Cities area of Minnesota: Minneapolis, Plymouth, Maple Grove, Corcoran, Medina, Independence, Maple Plain, Long Lake, Orono, Mound, Minnetonka Beach, Tonka Bay, Minnetrista, Victoria, Chaska, Waconia, St. Boni, Chanhassen, Wayzata, Excelsior, Shorewood, Deephaven, Woodland, Minnetonka, Greenfield, Golden Valley, Hopkins, Edina, Bloomington, Lakeville, Apple Valley, Burnsville, Prior Lake, Shakopee, Eagen, Savage and Eden Prairie.
Please contact us today for FREE estimate for your painting project!
"They are simply an honest and highly proficient company that conducts their business in a very customer oriented fashion. At this point, I would never use another company to paint my home, interior or exterior. They carry my highest recommendation!" -William Schuler (Minnetonka, MN)
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subset: commoncrawl


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We are a household that has a deep devotion to our Mother as "God bearer," who remained at the foot of the cross, as well as to St. John of the Cross, St. Louis De Montfort, and Blessed Mother Teresa. We offer up the crosses we are called to bear in everyday life and strive to help carry the crosses of others. We like to pray together and play together and then pray a little more. Location: St. Thomas More Hall, Room 137
Information for Future:


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Wednesday, March 07, 2012
Thinking Outside the Ball and the Burlap
Many years ago I was chatting with a well known nursery owner who opined to me that we - in the green trades - devoted a great deal of our effort to the un-glamorous work of material transport. Not hard to argue with when the weight of a single balled and burlaped nursery tree of moderate size is in excess of two hundred pounds. If, say, you're ordering a few dozen for your village, the pounds quickly run into the tons, requiring trucking at fuel costs over $4 a gallon (in these parts, lately). And this is just the delivery. If the trees have to be shuttled around with loaders and trucks to it's final home, those transport costs continue to accumulate.
It's quite a cost to bear, shuttling around big heavy balls of damp earth - that just happen to be holding live trees.
I was thinking of all this in light of the budgetary issues that many communities face these days in regard to the Emerald Ash Borer crisis - which is now just hitting it's stride in the Chicago area. Many municipalities are having difficulty setting budgets in the wake of the recession. Combine that with the substantial impact from an invasive species and you have a perfect storm of long term tree loss. I was also thinking of a solution that could help solve two problems at once: plant bare root trees.
This isn't as complicated as one thinks. I have been involved with the installation of thousands of bare root trees and shrubs. (Where do you think the nurseries get their plants from?) Granted, it's not a solution that is ideal for all settings, but it can be a terrific alternative if a land owner has time on their side and the ability to provide the proper follow up care. (Note: sounds like pretty much everyone I have ever worked with)
By planting bare root materials you can purchase trees for a fraction of the cost compares to one that is nursery grown. There are some trade offs. The purchaser has to be prepared to devote more time at the front end, during establishment. And there may be slightly higher mortality in this planting method - but that can be more than offset by the lower price. All in all, if the buyer is well organized they can have great success utilizing bare root planting.
We're all looking for ways to do our work more intelligently. Using bare root materials is one way to eliminate the high - and frankly needless - costs associated with transporting tons of soil around. Leave the soil where it is and transport the tree instead. It's an old idea that I hope gets more attention in these days where we're losing our urban trees.
2 comments:
- A Lady's Life said...
I love collecting acorns I dry them so the seeds fall out and then plant them like tomatoes and before long you have beautiful little off spring. In five years you have huge trees .But you remember them so much better as your little babies.
It is said that if every person planted 250 trees in their lifetime, our planet would be very grateful. - 10:24 AM
- Dave Coulter said...
""It is said that if every person planted 250 trees in their lifetime, our planet would be very grateful.""
I think that's a nice round number everyone can shoot for! :) - 5:30 AM
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Yesterday I had meeting after meeting and it wasn't until past 2 p.m. that I could leave the office to run a quick errand to finish up our refinancing paperwork. I hadn't eaten lunch yet and I was starving so I grabbed a sandwich from Subway across from my office even though Subway is one of my least favorites if I rank the sub chains.
I thought it was strange that the Subway sauce/dressing chart shows "Fat Free" and "Full Flavor"… because fat free can't have full flavor? Full flavor can't be fat free? More like "Fat Free" and "Full Fat." Even the typeface…. Full Flavor draws the eye because it's bolded. And is salt & pepper now considered a sauce or dressing?


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Propellers and Paddlewheels
Name: Dan Status: N/A Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A
Propellers operate by developing lift. How do riverboat paddlewheels work? Is it traction, like a wheel "rolling" across the water, but slipping? Is it the force developed by an opposing drag? Is it the thrust developed by water moving in the opposite direction?
I think you are on the right track. In the simplest form, the paddle wheel blade is pushing on the water. Water is considered an incompressible fluid. So, when something is pushed into water and the water essentially has no where to go, the water will push back (the whole theory behind hydraulic devices is the fact that water is incompressible). While the water may have some direction to go around the blade, for the most part, the water pushes back against the paddle wheel blade, which in turn allows the boat to move in the opposite direction.
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Update: June 2012


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Robert Antoniades – Partner
Robert Antoniades oversees and manages the RBC Venture Partners' portfolio on behalf of RBC. Robert joined RBC Venture Partners as a Managing Director in 2004 and led direct investments in a broad range of software and technology companies ranging from enterprise software to information security and from insurance applications to sales and trading platforms. Robert also used his expertise in venture capital to assist in the development and commercialization of emerging technologies developed within RBC. Prior to RBC, Robert was a Vice President at BMO Nesbitt Burns Equity Partners and Executive Director of CIBC Capital Partners' Silicon Valley office in Menlo Park where he collectively made investments in financial services software, internet service providers, enterprise and internet software, e-healthcare, wireless application development, security products, optical networking and semiconductor companies, among others. Robert has over 15 years of venture capital investing experience. Robert currently serves on the Boards of Placemark Investments, Infobright Software, Verafin, Adaptive Planning, Brickstream and Igloo Software. Prior boards include Varicent (acquired by IBM) and ITM Software (acquired by BMC). Additionally, Robert is the Past Chair of the Distress Centres of Toronto, current Chair of Flemingdon Neighbourhood Services and, Chair and co-founder of the Upside Foundation of Canada. Robert has a broad base of transaction and industry experience as a capital markets professional including Equity Research, Institutional Sales & Trading, Mergers & Acquisitions, and Private Equity. Robert has a BBA from Wilfrid Laurier University and is a Chartered Financial Analyst, a Fellow of the Canadian Securities Institute and a Certified Investment Manager.
David Unsworth – Partner
David Unsworth oversees and manages the RBC Venture Partners portfolio. David has more than ten years of venture capital investment experience and has invested in a broad range of information technology companies. David currently serves on the board of directors of Verafin Inc., IGLOO Software, and is an observer to the board of Lumeta Corporation. David managed the investment and served on the board of Viigo Inc (acquired by RIMM), and was an observer on the board of Varicent Software (acquired by IBM) of Tacit Software Inc.(acquired by ORCL). Prior to his career in venture capital David had a successful track record within RBC Financial Group in retail and commercial banking, e-commerce strategy development and project management. David is an active in the start-up community in Toronto and Waterloo as a mentor to participants in the Communitech, JOLT Co. and Extreme Start-Ups accelerator programs. In addition he is a member of the CVCA's Private Capital editorial board. David obtained an MBA from Queen's University, holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Economics from Wilfrid Laurier University and is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP). He is also a graduate of the NVCA's Venture Capital Institute and the Rotman SME Board Effectiveness Program.


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On May 1, 2009, I ventured out into a rain storm on a windy, very cold day. What a difference a year makes! The weekend was warm and sunny, making it easy to do shopping and run errands on the bike.
I haven't used by car since April 30. I'm hoping not to use my car for several more days.
Last year, this web site was a lot easier to use. Last year, the graphics made it easy to see who was on each team, the standings, the classification of each team's riders and total miles for each team member at the same time. Now one must click on several pages to search for the same information.
I went on my first ride of the month today. I shopped and did several errands on my bicycle. I did chores and shopped between 11:40 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. I went to the post office, a pharmacy, a coffee shop, a bicycle shop, a restaurant for lunch, and a barber. When I returned home, I attempted to enter my ride in the riding log. It has taken some time to figure out how to enter miles and times correctly.


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Powers & Duties
The Zoning Board of Adjustment shall have the following powers and duties in connection with the administration of City Ordinance Chapter 525, Section 100:
(1) To hear and decide applications for variances from the provisions of this zoning ordinance pursuant to the procedures and standards set forth in this chapter.
(2) To hear and decide appeals from any order, requirement, decision, determination or interpretation made by the zoning administrator, director of regulatory services, planning director or other official in the administration or the enforcement of this zoning ordinance.
(3) To hear and decide applications for certificates of nonconforming use pursuant to the procedures and standards set forth in Chapter 531, Nonconforming Uses and Structures.
Last updated Sep 27, 2011


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Enjoy American Colonial and European art, Revolutionary War history tours and New England dining on a short getaway in Boston. Book a Boston hotel and make the most of your stay with this two-day itinerary.
Baseball games at Fenway Park, vigorous city walks and winter ice-skating are among the top 10 sport and activity things to do in Boston. Book a Boston hotel to enjoy the full Boston experience.
Wondering where to stay in Boston? From trendy Back Bay to harborview Boston hotels, choose the right spot with this neighborhood guide.
Take a Boston vacation and explore a rich Revolutionary heritage, the prestigious Harvard University and world-class art galleries. Book a Boston hotel to sample the city's delicious seafood and the thrill of a Red Sox baseball game.
Freshly-caught seafood, weekend brunching and authentic Italian cafes make food and drink in Boston a constant pleasure. Leave your Boston hotel with room in your belly to sample the treats in store.
As leaves turn crimson, gold and orange, a fall vacation in Boston can be breathtakingly picturesque. Halloween celebrations and Thanksgiving parades abound. And with students returning, the university town regains its vibe. Book an fall hotel in Boston to experience this New England city at its most colorful.
Whether you love world-class tennis or want to fit a holiday around a major football tournament, use this guide to the top 10 sporting venues in the...


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MISSIONREACH is dedicated to enhancing the quality of life for persons with developmental disabilities in the Tri-Valley. Our mission is to provide resources, education, activities, community participation and housing opportunities that will enable adults with developmental challenges to live full and independent lives. REACH for Special Adults of the Tri-Valley is a non profit 501(c)3 organization. Tax ID #94-3158507. |
What we Hope To Do In The Future
Roughly 3% (or 1,000+) citizens in the Tri-Valley are adults with developmental challenges and they need a voice to ensure their currently under-supported needs are met. Our goals are to:
- Acquire new property to meet the needs of the Tri-Valley population who we serve
- Develop a network to provide families with appropriate resources, information and support for their specific situation such as legal services, job opportunities and housing
- Increase social opportunities, bringing significantly more joy to the lives of the developmentally challenged of the Tri-Valley
REACH for Special Adults of the Tri-Valley is a marriage of HOUSE, Inc. and Tri-Valley Special Needs Fund.
HOUSE, Inc. was established in 1990 by a group of concerned family members of developmentally disabled who wanted their loved ones to be able to live locally. The groups' goal was to provide safe, quality living environments where our residents learned self efficiency and lived with dignity and respect.
TRI-VALLEY SPECIAL NEEDS was launched several years ago to provide a holistic approach to address nutrition, fitness, social and educational opportunities for this same community.
News Articles:
- Pleasanton Weekly distributes $80,940 to 10 Holiday Fund beneficiaries
- REACH is a beneficiary of The Pleasanton Weekly's 2014 Holiday Fund
- 2014 Pleasanton Weekly Holiday Fund now underway
- REACH is a beneficiary of The Pleasanton Weekly's 2013 Holiday Fund
- Golf tourney to benefit REACH and housing for special needs adults - Pleasanton Weekly Article, September 2011
- REACH Open House held on March 10, 2011
- BB&T Tanner Insurance Services of California chose TRI-Valley REACH to be the beneficiary of a $6,000 award
- Lloyd Hansen Presentation
- Disabled Adults Like Living On Their Own - The Independent News (May 2008)
- Golf Tournament Raises Funds to Benefit Developmentally Disabled Adults, page 12 - The Independent News (Aug 2008)
- Everyone can party on the high seas - Arts & Entertainment - Friday, March 30, 2007
Volunteer Opportunity:
If you are interested in a volunteer position working with the community we support here in the Tri-Valley, please complete this application and mail to:
P.O. Box 5564
Pleasanton, CA 94566
Download Volunteer Application Form


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Wednesday, June 11, 2008
© Copyright 2015
Gwinnett Daily Post
KHARTOUM, Sudan - A Sudanese Airbus carrying 214 people veered off the runway in a thunderstorm and burst into flames late Tuesday, killing dozens unable to escape the inferno. Officials said more than 100 people fled the plane before it was engulfed by towering orange flames.
An Associated Press reporter at the scene said the Sudan Airways jetliner appeared to have left the runway after landing at Khartoum International Airport, and several loud explosions resounded as fire raced through the aircraft. The roaring blaze dwarfed the Airbus A310's shattered fuselage as firefighters sprayed water with little apparent effect, Sudanese TV footage showed. Ambulances and firetrucks rushed to the scene, and media were kept away. The Civil Aviation Authority confirmed that 103 passengers and all 11 crew members survived. In addition, it said some other passengers may have gone home directly after the crew helped them through the emergency doors. Officials said most aboard were Sudanese. Death toll reports conflicted. State TV initially said about 100 were killed, but officials later put the toll at dozens without being more precise. Deputy parliament speaker Mohammed al-Hassan al-Ameen said 'about 30 people' died, while police spokesman Mohammed Abdel Majid al-Tayeb said 23 bodies were brought to the morgue. 'There are missing passengers who could be still inside the plane, or left the aircraft but did not inform officials,' al-Tayeb said. A survivor speaking at the airport to Sudanese TV said the landing was 'rough,' and there was a sharp impact several minutes later. 'The right wing was on fire,' said the passenger, who did not give his name. He said smoke got into the cockpit and some people started opening the emergency exits. Soon, fire engulfed the plane, he said. The cause of the accident wasn't immediately known and there were differing reports on the role weather played. A sandstorm had hit the area with 20 mph winds between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. and there was a thunderstorm and similar winds at the time of the crash around 9 p.m., said Elaine Yang, a meterologist with the San Francisco-based Weather Underground, a private weather service. The Sudanese ambassador to Washington called the weather 'very bad' and said the runway had been drenched by rain. 'There was a lot of water on the runway and they still tried to land,' Ambassador John Ukec Lueth Ukec said. The head of Sudanese police, Mohammad Najib, said bad weather 'caused the plane to crash land, split into two and catch fire.' Youssef Ibrahim, director of the Khartoum airport, disputed that bad weather caused the crash. He told Sudanese TV that the plane 'landed safely' and the pilot was talking to the control tower and getting further instructions when the accident occurred. 'One of the (plane's) engines exploded and the plane caught fire,' Ibrahim said. He blamed the accident on technical problems, but didn't elaborate. Raqeeb Abdel-Latif, head of the Sudan Airways office in Damascus, Syria, said the plane, which joined the Sudanese national carrier seven months ago, took off from Damascus and stopped in Amman, Jordan, where 34 additional passengers came on board. Due to inclement weather, the aircraft stopped at Port Sudan Airport along the Red Sea, picking up 35 passengers and refueling before heading back to Khartoum, the Sudanese ambassador said in Washington. Spokesmen for the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board in Washington said they were monitoring the situation. The Khartoum airport was shut down until Wednesday morning, officials said. Sudan has a poor aviation safety record. In May, a plane crash in a remote area of southern Sudan killed 24 people, including key members of the southern Sudanese government. In July 2003, a Sudan Airways Boeing 737 en route from Port Sudan to Khartoum crashed soon after takeoff, killing all 115 people on board. After that crash, Sudanese officials blamed sanctions for restricting vital aircraft parts. The U.S. State Department said there was no ban on equipment needed for aviation safety. In 1997, then-President Clinton issued an executive order barring the export of goods and technology to Sudan because of the country's 'support for international terrorism, ongoing efforts to destabilize neighboring governments, and the prevalence of human rights violations.' The U.N. Security Council has imposed an embargo on providing arms or military training to armed groups in Sudan's Darfur region and a travel ban and asset freeze on some people implicated in the violence there. The Airbus A310 is a twin-engine, widebody plane used by a number of carriers around the world. Typically configured with about 220 seats, it is a shorter version of the popular A300. An Airbus spokesman in Paris declined immediate comment on the crash. In July 2006, an A310 operated by Russia's S7 Airlines went off the runway after landing in Irkutsk, smashed into adjacent buildings and caught fire, killing 123 of the 203 people aboard. Although deaths from air travel have fallen over the past two years, the number of serious jetliner accidents increased last year for the first time in a decade, according to a report last month by the International Air Transport Association. Nearly half of all jet accidents occurred on landing in 2007.More like this story
- Jet crash in Brazil kills all aboard
Brazilians blame slippery runways ( July 19, 2007 ) - World briefs ( December 1, 2007 )
- Libyan jet with 104 crashes; Dutch boy sole survivor ( May 12, 2010 )
- Authorities believe 3 killed, 2 injured in plane crash ( July 9, 2006 )
- Airbus A380 lands in Paris ( June 2, 2007 )


text: Hi. doc: 4.0-rc1 packages: lfs-packages-4.0-rc1.tar base distro: Mandrake 9.0 2.4.19-16mdk /mnt/lfs is mounted on /dev/hdb7 directory structure looks like: /mnt/lfs/static/src/findutil-4.1 $LFS is set to /mnt/lfs [lfs at linux findutils-4.1]$ patch -Np1 -i ../findutils-4.1.patch patching file find/defs.h patching file find/fstype.c patching file find/parser.c patching file find/pred.c patching file find/util.c patching file lib/nextelem.c patching file xargs/xargs.c [lfs at linux findutils-4.1]$ CPPFLAGS==-Dre_max_failures=re_max_failures2 ./configure --prefix=$LFS/static ... ... checking whether cross-compiling... yes ... ... checking whether closedir returns void... configure: error: can not run test program while cross compiling There is a post on lfs-support: Re: Problems after installing glibc From: Bryan Mason (bmason_at_bmason.com) Date: Tue Jul 09 2002 - 23:39:12 PDT which talks about this problem. However, it seems that Bryan's problem occurs in Chapter 6 using [lfs] version 3.3 on top of SuSE5.3. His problem was solved by moving "libc.so from /usr/lib to /lib in the chroot-ed system." Since I am only in Chapter 5 at this point, is this relevant to me? Someone else from the list asked if he had remembered, "did you remember to do this part? echo "cross-compiling = no" > configparms &&" Does this sound like something I should pursue and if so, could someone explain to me where I am supposed to enter this command? Thanks in advance for any advice. geoff -- Unsubscribe: send email to listar at linuxfromscratch.org and put 'unsubscribe lfs-support' in the subject header of the message


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The Office of International Relations plays a critical role in sustaining CalArts' existing international collaborations as well as liaise with faculty to identify and prioritize new artistic opportunities around the world. The office works to attract more international students to campus, prepare Institute students to work in the globalized arts world and economy, and generate opportunities for a greater international presence for CalArts through collaborations with arts programs in a growing assortment of countries.
CalArts currently has initiatives underway, or in the planning stages, in China, Korea, Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay, France, Germany, England, the Czech Republic, Russia, Rwanda and a number of other countries.
For quick reference, please click on the map points above for additional information on CalArts around the world.
Lisa Barr
Project Manager
email@example.com [1]
Penelope Weston
International Students and Programs Advisor
email@example.com [2]
[1] mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com
[2] mailto:email@example.com
[3] http://calarts.edu/sites/default/files/right-sidebar/2011/08/22/king%20lear%20poster%20FINAL2_0.jpg
[4] http://calarts.edu/sites/default/files/right-sidebar/2011/08/22/CIA_20110303_0196_0_0.jpg
[5] http://calarts.edu/sites/default/files/right-sidebar/2011/08/22/Jakarta6_0.jpg
[6] http://calarts.edu/sites/default/files/right-sidebar/2011/08/22/Lear3_0.jpg
[7] http://calarts.edu/sites/default/files/right-sidebar/2011/08/22/Istanbul_0.jpg


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Place is more like home than hotel. In a good way. Clean and quiet rooms. Very good shower :-) Well equipped kitchen and price is affordable. Nice friendly lady is running this place. Would I go again? YES.
Portugal >
Algarve >
Faro District >
Price Range (Based on Average Rates):
Number of rooms: 14
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com and HostelBookers so you can book your Angela Guest House reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Senior Member
For Patch 4.4 can we break up the holy trinity of each role? Jungler: Elise/Lee/Vi Mid: Gragas/LeBlanc/Ziggs Top: Renekton/Shyvana/Mundo ADC: Lucian/Jinx/Cait Support: Annie/Thresh/Leona If Riot breaks up the holy trinity in each role, I'd be satisfied with the patch.
Freaky Eighty
I play: Jungler: Udyr Mid: Fiddle Top: Jayce ADC: Draven Support: Nautilus There's 117 champions, it's not Riot's fault that 90% of their playerbase are mouthbreathing droolies that only play fotm champions.
Zanzen Ahji
The fact that you did not list Morgana or Sivir makes me question how up to date on this game you are.
Fynal Hour
Breaking news: Breaking up so called "holy trinities" makes other "holy trinities" rise.
Vi and Elise are going to tank some nerfs. Sivir, too. Your list seems a bit out of date for the rest, though.
People still think Mundo is OP in 4.3 lol
Junior Member
FotM will always exist, meanwhile there are plenty of unorthodox champs that are still very good. Top: Ryze/Rumble/Trundle/etc. Mid: Zilean/Yasuo/Lux
I forgot to say Trundle too. Very out of date, bro.
Can we like stop referring to the top 3 of each role as the "holy trinity." Such an overused term.
i havent played against a morgana trundle in a very long time, sivir is maybe one out of 10 gameS?


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By Terry • Touch-Expert • Concealers
(42 reviews)
Average Rating. | 4.3 |
Would buy this product again. | 80% |
Ingredients |
babycat1973 on 8/29/2014 7:01:00 AM more reviews by babycat1973
Age: 36-43 Skin: Combination, Fair, Cool Hair: Blond, Straight, Fine Eyes: Green
Ah, I so wanted this to be the answer to my prayers after reading the reviews, but unfortunately, while it is pretty damn good, it's not perfect. I have started to get fine lines under my eyes and my usual concealer had started to accentuate them. So began my quest to find the perfect concealer that covered but didn't age me. I have spent a small fortune on various different ones and then read the reviews for this and have been using it for a couple of months before feeling ready to review it. I have dark circles under my eyes which are totally self inflicted. I'm 40, a smoker (yes, I know, I need to give up!), I have 2 children and work full time in a very stressful job. I exist on roughly 4-5 hours sleep per night. I use the Dermalogica Age Smart skincare range and this helps with the fine lines enormously. This concealer is very good, probably the best that I've ever used for brightening and looking natural. It doesn't settle into fine lines and covers those little capillaries and age spots wonderfully. The problems are that it doesn't conceal dark under eyes, it merely brightens them and it doesn't last. By lunchtime my dark rings are back to square one and unfortunately my job doesn't allow me to pop out and reapply my make-up whenever I feel like it. If you are the kind of person that carries your make-up bag with you during the day, then I guess this would be wonderful for you. For me unfortunately it only makes me look good until lunch time. What a shame!
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
Jessiewright on 5/11/2014 4:28:00 AM more reviews by Jessiewright
Age: 30-35 Skin: Normal, Fair-Medium Hair: Blond Eyes: Blue
As a makeup artist I am always on the lookout for a great concealer that is invisible under the eyes but does the job of hiding darkness. At $98 (Nz) I nearly passed out. However, I can honestly say hand on heart that I have found my holy grail concealer. As with any makeup, you have to use what works for you. This will definitely be going in my kit!!! I've used them all but this one covers darkness, brightens (without looking to bright and ashy like touché éclat can sometimes look) and is skin tone correct. It blends seamlessly, works into the skin with a few pats of the finger, doesn't sit in lines, doesn't look dry or cakey, lasts very well. It literally looks like skin!! Well done By Terry! Please don't ever discontinue this product. You really have found a winner. Love it!
6 out of 7 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
*TOP REVIEWER* Andi2010 on 4/15/2014 4:52:00 AM more reviews by Andi2010
Age: 36-43 Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm Hair: Blond, Wavy, Medium Eyes: Green
I'm nearly ready to say bye By Terry, it's been good knowing you and you did manage to hang in there for a good year and a bit even though I didn't use you everyday. I found your push button packaging took a while to get going and inside the lid a little messy at times..
Aside from that you glide on beautifully and blend in smoothly and do as you are told and stay in place all day without looking cakey and getting creased. Your brush stayed intact and didn't get those crazy fly-aways some of these brushes do.
But I do wish No: 1 Fair had been that bit lighter especially as I have paler than NC15 in winter skin so we were not always the best of friends in winter. Had Nars not come out with their new creamy concealer in a colour more suited for me I think you would have been a strong contender for replacement. it's been good knowing you.
2 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
Guliafornese on 3/2/2013 11:36:00 AM more reviews by Guliafornese
Age: 30-35 Skin: Combination, Fair Hair: Brown Eyes: Hazel
I love this concealer. It blends with your natural tone like ysl touche éclat but is a superior product because it covers better and lasts all day! Doesn't cake and go into fine lines. A fabulous product!
6 out of 7 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
lavelle365 on 12/6/2012 12:00:00 PM more reviews by lavelle365
Age: 44-55 Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm Hair: Red, Straight Eyes: Green
One of the most over-rated products I have had the misfortune to purchase. Was sold this by pushy Space.NK salesgirl, along with a very expensive kabuki brush that sheds tons of bristles whenever it's used. Not returning to Space.NK anytime soon. Anyway, this By Terry product offers poor coverage but it will still settle into lines you didn't know you had, whilst disappearing from the areas that needed coverage. Clever! Applicator is hideous clicky pen/brush arrangement - have to wait an eternity for the product to be extruded onto the stiffest, most horrible brush ever used to apply concealer which is far too stiff to put near delicate skin, let alone allow blending. Each click produces a great blob of product, so if you don't need very much you're stuck with it on the bristles. Space.NK would not take the item back, so I gave it away, as I know some people do like this product. Personally, I think the whole By Terry thing is another example of hype over substance. There are much better products available for less.
12 out of 18 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
*TOP REVIEWER* pennypencil on 10/28/2012 11:17:00 AM more reviews by pennypencil
Age: 30-35 Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Warm Hair: Blond, Kinky, Medium Eyes: Blue
I have Touch Expert Advanced in colour #5 in Vanilla Beige, which is an apricotty, light shade. I find the numbering of the colours perplexing I have no idea where this fits in their system. I have quite fair skin with yellow undertones, and all I know is that both I and the Sales Assistant felt this was a better match than #4. I didnt want anything too brightening as so often you pass people on the tube who have bright, whitish rings of highlighter under their peepers. This, I apply to the inner corners, over the darkness there, and it makes fatigue and dark circles disappear. Compared with other concealer/highlighters, its very, very good better, I feel than Touche Eclat, which I recall as thicker and pinker, in the shade I had, at least.
This has a liquidy, creamy consistency that melts over the offending shadows, without settling into fine lines. Previously I was using a cheapy version by LOreal (Touche Magique) and the famous Collection 2000 concealer (good around the nose, but not fine enough for delicate eye skin). I tried Bobby Brown and MAC, but with those, the concealer itself was too visible. This is invisible, and for that, I think its great. I have ludicrously sensitive skin and I find Touch Expert quite soothing and very gentle (though it has the longest ingredients list Ive seen on a product, ever).
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missmelsie on 8/31/2012 3:21:00 AM more reviews by missmelsie
Age: 25-29 Skin: Combination, Medium Brown, Cool Hair: Black, Wavy, Coarse Eyes: Brown
I am NC43 skin tone and tried the Touch Expert in 6. Amber Brown. The colour match wasn't too bad (pretty good for a concealer) but at the end of the day, it didn't do the trick for me. It's quite a light consistency, which is great for blending but not so great at hiding my dark circles, and definitely no good for hiding anything like darker acne scars. After an hour or so, you couldn't even tell I had anything on, apart from the concealer that had settled into the tiny lines around my eyes. The packaging is cute, and the brush is very handy, but for the price this doesn't do it for me and I will be returning it tomorrow.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
*TOP REVIEWER* reddplanet on 7/12/2012 1:56:00 PM more reviews by reddplanet
Age: 30-35 Skin: Combination Hair: Red Eyes: Other
For $58, I really expected this to be a great product. But, no. It works great on my hand...not on my face! I tried it at the counter and under the lights in the store it seemed like it would work great, or at least the tube at the counter did. The sales associate applied it to my eye, and it didn't seem drastically different to what I had on. She kept trying to explain that I don't have dark circles, my eyes are just very deep set and this is a shadow. But that's crap, they're very pronounced! I didn't care as much for her application and decided I'd give it a fair try at home....and I am now sending it back to Barneys for a refund. I gave it a couple days, I tried layering it with other things, but it just isn't working. If I have to layer sometihng that's almost $60 a throw...that's a waste.
2 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
*TOP REVIEWER* nata779 on 7/9/2012 3:07:00 PM more reviews by nata779
Age: 36-43 Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm Hair: Blond Eyes: Blue
I must mention that I will give another try but the first attempt didn't work for me. I tried this concealer at the Bloomy counter and at first I liked it. Evem my BF noticed some "nice difference" which he wasn't able to explain though. After we had a dinner and got back to a day light, I asked him to look at my eyes again. He did and said: "go take something from under your eyes away." I looked in the mirror - each and every tiniest wrinkle was visible. Maybe my eye cream wasn't moisturizing enough and like I said, I'll try it on something richer but for now it's a NO.
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Mischief_Managed on 6/10/2012 3:40:00 PM more reviews by Mischief_Managed
Age: 44-55 Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Cool Hair: Brown, Wavy, Medium Eyes: Green
Now that I have reached 47 and have experienced skin changes, this has become my HG concealer. Stick and cream concealers are too drying and can sink into fine lines so for me this thickish liquid works best. This manages to be a bit brightening without shimmer, and has decent coverage too. I do not have serious darkness under my eyes so for me this is enough. This has a satin finish that does not stay creamy but also does not dry down to a powder finish, it perfectly walks the line and doesn't make your under eye look dry. Two clicks is enough for both eyes and it really does make you look refreshed. Highly recommended.
5 out of 6 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
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Kepler Portfolio Review for July
The Kepler Portfolio review time is here and little action other than some cash flowing in and out of the portfolio took place over the last 30 days. A number of dividends from BND, TLT, EMB, and TIP were recorded. Although the Kepler is not one of the primary ITA Risk Reduction model portfolios, I am applying some of the timing techniques to various asset classes. For example, I sold off VEU, VWO, and DBC when the price of the ETF dropped from above to below its 195-Day EMA. Those asset classes are still on the sidelines. The logic can be found by checking out this URL. Check your own holdings.


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How Long Will Your Car Last?
These days, motorists are faced with an overwhelming choice of new cars – and while choice is a good thing, it also means that more and more cars with technological advances and a bewildering array of benefits to both consumers and the environment join the fight for consumer hearts and wallets before you make the next choice. And that means that a car's 'shelf-life' is shorter than ever before, according to car information experts CAP Automotive.
Depreciation on current cars is almost unprecedented as models go out of style in the same vein as the music industry – and certainly a lot quicker than 30 years ago. According to analysis from CAP, the period of time between models being replaced by car manufacturers (or 'lifestyle' as it is known in the trade) or 'facelifted' to a new and improved version has shrunk from what was 10 years in the 1970s and 1980s to around 3-4 years now.
CAP new car expert David Saville said: "As Ford roll out their latest generation Fiesta – and Volkswagen bring out their latest Golf –you can't help feeling like it's only 2 minutes since the previous generation was introduced in each case. The outgoing Fiesta was produced between October 2008 and October 2012 and the previous Golf ran from November 2009 until November 2012.
"Looking back into history the first generation Fiesta was introduced in 1976 and ran until 1983. The Golf was introduced in 1974 and remained substantially unchanged until 1983. Therefore, over 3 decades these popular models have gone from a lifecycle approaching 10 years, with minimal technical changes, to around 4 years with quite often substantial technical changes under the skin each time."
There are a number of suggested reasons for this upsurge in updating, according to Mr Saville; and one of these is down to the influence of far eastern manufacturer such as Hyundai and Kia who adopted a policy of refreshing their offerings more rapidly than the competition when they launched and entered the car manufacturing world – primarily in an attempt to crack European markets as quickly as possible.
"To gain traction in more sophisticated and competitive markets than their own, far eastern manufacturers changed their models more rapidly than European carmakers. Historically they would often try their own domestic market models in the European market and find they needed to refine and replace them quickly, to address issues around their suitability for European customers. It's a policy that worked well for them and, over time, their success prompted others to follow suit because no manufacturer wants to be left behind when new technology arrives or motorists' design tastes change."
So there's part of the blame for you looking out of date with your car, if anyone asks; but you can also blame tougher emissions standard being implemented by governments and the industry itself. Car manufacturers are constantly looking to improve fuel efficiency and harmful emissions, not only so they can meet rapidly changing European rules but also curry favour with motorists themselves who are not only aiming to be seen as eco-friendly but also looking to pay less in CO2-related taxes.
David Saville again: "A model that had an acceptable level of Co2 emissions 3 years back is now totally out of step with the latest requirements. Often, the changes to car design which are aimed at reducing emissions involve altering the shell of the car, to reduce weight or improve aerodynamics, as well as introducing more efficient engines. Again, the new look of the vehicle – as well as its improved technology – quickly makes its predecessor look out of date.
"Now that computers are at the forefront of vehicle design and large areas of the front and rear of the car are manufactured from easily moulded plastics, it is simply easier to make significant cosmetic changes than it used to be. With every manufacturer wanting to get ahead of its rivals, there is now never a time when the next version of a model isn't on the drawing board."
So there is no use pretending that the car you drive is actually a new up-to-date version of the model because the manufacturers will make a few subtle changes to stop you doing that and forcing your egotistical hand into buying a new car instead. And boy will you pay for it!
Not necessarily directly – although that will, of course, be a factor – but when you decide to get rid of it. We all know the story that your new car depreciates as soon as you drive off of the forecourt in it, but David Saville explains that there is much more behind it.
"On the face of it the new car consumer really benefits by always having a choice of bang up-to-date models to choose from. But this can also have a negative effect because most buyers have a car that they need to dispose of when they come back into the market. If their existing model isn't the latest offering from that manufacturer, what the industry calls 'lifecycle depreciation' kicks in and makes their car less attractive as a private sale or a trade-in. CAP analysis consistently shows that greater depreciation is a particular issue for manufacturers who have adopted model lifecycles below the standard 3 to 4 year ownership pattern.
"In fact CAP have seen that certain manufacturers, who have a history of dramatically changing their models over a relatively short period, have begun to take a step back and tone down visual changes so as not to damage the previous generation model's second hand values quickly."
Maybe that's a good reason to lease a car rather than buy it?


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Knight Capital Group Releases January 2013 Volume Statistics
JERSEY CITY, N.J., Feb. 14, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Knight Capital Group, Inc. (NYSE Euronext: KCG) today released Market Making and Knight Direct U.S. equity volumes as well as Knight Hotspot FX foreign exchange volumes at www.knight.com/ourfirm/volumestats.asp for the month of January 2013.
In the first quarter of 2013, Knight modified the reporting of Knight Direct average daily equity shares in order to provide data specific to U.S. exchange-listed shares traded. Knight Direct volume previously included OTC Bulletin Board and OTC Market securities as well as European equities shares traded. In the second quarter of 2012, the company modified the reporting of Knight Hotspot FX notional dollar value traded volume to count one side of the transaction. Knight Hotspot FX previously counted total client volume to include both sides of the transaction. In the first quarter of 2012, Knight modified its quarterly revenue capture and monthly equity volume statistics in order to provide data specific to its U.S. equity market making activity within the Market Making segment. The company's revenue capture and volume statistics previously also included U.S. institutional sales activity. Knight posts its U.S. equity market making, Knight Direct and Knight Hotspot FX volume statistics to its web site each month, and discloses, in quarterly SEC filings, its U.S. equity market making revenue capture. The company's web site has been updated to show the new monthly volume statistics dating back to the beginning of 2011.
About Knight Knight Capital Group (NYSE Euronext: KCG) is a global financial services firm that provides access to the capital markets across multiple asset classes to a broad network of clients, including broker-dealers, institutions and corporations. Knight is headquartered in Jersey City, N.J. with a global presence across the Americas, Europe, and the Asia Pacific regions. For further information about Knight, please visit www.knight.com.
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Today we have a chance for isolated light snow showers in the higher terrain including some areas of Coos and Douglas county. Other areas will remain dry, a trend that continues into the weekend as high pressure slowly moves into our region over the weekend reinstating that blocking pattern that will keep storm system's to our north. A system will slide over the ridge tomorrow, but we'll remain dry with just a few more clouds moving in. Sunday and Monday we'll finally return to the 60's in the west side valleys and mid-50's for the east side, and near 70 for the west side for Monday and 60's further east. During this time northern California will remain dry relatively clear and as they it will be more under the influence of the high pressure ridge.
With fewer clouds we'll see quick warm up's during the day, but just as quick cool downs in the overnight hours dropping to the teens on east of the Cascades, below freezing for areas further west and mid-30s at the coast.
Follow me on Facebook for more weather updates. Thanks for logging on and have a great weekend!
Meteorologist Megan Parry


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Cosponsored Lectures, Readings, and Symposia
Event: |
Cosponsored Lectures, Readings, and Symposia Hamza Walker approaches contemporary art with a humor and daring that has gained him national acclaim. He is Director of Education and Associate Curator for the Renaissance Society, the non-collecting museum of contemporary art at The University of Chicago. His 2008 curated exhibition, Black Is, Black Ain't, explored a shift in the rhetoric of race from an earlier emphasis on inclusion to a moment where racial identity was being simultaneously rejected and retained. The exhibition was the subject of a 2013 symposium. Walker has written articles and reviews for publications such as Trans, New Art Examiner, and Artforum. He is currently on the boards of Noon, an annual publication of short fiction, and Lampo, a non-profit presenter of new and experimental music. He holds a BA in Art History from the University of Chicago and is the recipient of the 2010 Ordwell Prize, the 2004 Walter Hopps Award for Curatorial Achievement, and the 1999 Norton Curatorial Grant. In 2001, the New York Times named Walker one of the seven most influential curators in the country. Cosponsored by the Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State's Department of History of Art's Curatorial Practices Initiative, and Ohio State's Department Of Art Living Culture Initiative |
Date and time: | March 21, 2014 4:00 PM |
Location: | Wexner Center |
Contact: | Not given |
Phone Number: | 614-292-3535 |
Event category: | Film Studies & Art |
Event Type: | Lecture |


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) is a digital datalink system for transmission of short, relatively simple messages between aircraft and ground stations via radio or satellite. The protocol, which was designed by Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (ARINC) to replace their very high frequency (VHF) voice service and deployed in 1978,[1] uses telex formats. The IT company SITA later augmented their worldwide ground data network by adding radio stations to provide ACARS service. Over the next 20 years, ACARS will be superseded by the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) protocol for Air Traffic Control communications and by the Internet Protocol for airline communications.
Prior to the introduction of datalink, all communication between the aircraft (i.e., the flight crew) and personnel on the ground was performed using voice communication. This communication used either VHF or HF voice radios, which was further augmented with satellite communication in the early 1990s. In many cases, the voice-relayed information involved dedicated radio operators and digital messages sent to an airline teletype system or successor systems.
In an effort to reduce crew workload and improve data integrity, the engineering department at Aeronautical Radio, Inc (ARINC), introduced the ACARS system in July 1978, although a few experimental ACARS systems had been introduced earlier. Already the first day of operations saw about 4,000 transactions, but ACARS did not experience widespread use by the major airliners until the 1980s.
The original ARINC development team was headed by Crawford Lane and included Betty Peck, a programmer, and Ralf Emory, an engineer. The terrestrial central site, a pair of Honeywell Level 6 minicomputers, and AFEPS (Arinc Front End Processor System) software were developed by a subcontractor, Eno Compton of ECOM, Inc.
Although the term ACARS is often understood as the data link avionics line-replaceable unit installed on aircraft, the term actually refers to a complete air and ground system. The original expansion of the abbreviation was "Arinc Communications Addressing and Reporting System".[2] Later, it was changed to "Airline Communications, Addressing and Reporting System".
On the aircraft, the ACARS system was made up of an avionics computer called an ACARS Management Unit and a Control Display Unit. The management unit was designed to send and receive digital messages from the ground using existing VHF radios.
On the ground, the ACARS system was made up of a network of radio transceivers managed by a central site computer called AFEPS (Arinc Front End Processor System), which received (or transmitted) the datalink messages as well as routed them to various airlines on the network.
The initial ACARS systems were designed to ARINC Characteristic 597. This was later upgraded in the late 1980s by the publication of ARINC Characteristic 724. ARINC 724 is intended for aircraft installed with avionics supporting digital data bus interfaces. ARINC 724 was updated to the current standard ARINC Characteristic 724B, which is the predominate standard for all digital aircraft.[clarification needed] With the introduction of ARINC 724B, the ACARS management units were also coupled with industry standard protocols for operation with flight management system MCDUs (ARINC 739), and printers (ARINC 740 and ARINC 744). The ACARS management unit has expanded to serve broader needs using a communications management unit defined by ARINC Characteristic 758. Today, new aircraft designs integrate communications management unit functions in integrated modular avionics (IMA). ARINC Standards are prepared by the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee.
One of the initial applications for ACARS was to automatically detect and report changes to the major flight phases (Out of the gate, Off the ground, On the ground, and Into the gate), referred to in the industry as OOOI.[3] These OOOI events are determined by algorithms that use aircraft sensors (such as doors, parking brake and strut switch sensors) as inputs. At the start of each flight phase, a digital message is transmitted to the ground containing the flight phase, the time at which it occurred, and other related information such as the amount of fuel on board or the flight origin and destination. These messages are used to track the status of aircraft and crews.
In addition to detecting events on the aircraft and sending messages automatically to the ground, initial systems were expanded to support new interfaces with other on-board avionics. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, a datalink interface was introduced between the ACARS management units and flight management systems. This interface enables flight plans and weather information to be sent from the ground to the ACARS management unit, for forwarding to the flight management system. This feature gives the airline the capability to update flight management systems while in flight, and allows the flight crew to evaluate new weather conditions or alternative flight plans.
The introduction of the interface in the early 1990s between the flight data acquisition and management system, the aircraft condition monitoring system and the ACARS management unit resulted in wider acceptance of datalinks on the part of airlines. The flight data acquisition and management system and the aircraft condition monitoring system systems which analyze engine aircraft and operational performance conditions now provide performance data to the airlines on the ground in real time using the ACARS network. This reduces the need for airline personnel to go to the aircraft to off-load the data from these systems. These systems are capable of identifying abnormal flight conditions and automatically sending real-time messages to an airline. Detailed engine reports can also be transmitted to the ground via ACARS. The airlines use these reports to automate engine trending activities. This capability enables airlines to monitor their engine performance more accurately and identify and plan their repair and maintenance activities more rapidly.
In addition to the interfaces for the flight management system and the flight data acquisition and management system, the industry started to upgrade the on-board maintenance computers in the 1990s to support the transmission of maintenance-related information in real-time through ACARS. This enabled airline maintenance personnel to receive real-time data associated with maintenance faults on the aircraft. When coupled with the flight data acquisition and management system data, airline maintenance personnel can start planning repair and maintenance activities while the aircraft is still in flight.
All of the processing described above is performed automatically by the ACARS management unit and other associated avionics systems, without flight crew intervention. As part of the growth of ACARS functionality, the ACARS management units also interface directly with a control display unit located in the cockpit. This control display unit, often referred to as a multifunction control display unit or a multi-input interactive display unit, provides the flight crew with the ability to send and receive messages similar to today's email. To facilitate this communication, the airlines in partnership with their ACARS vendor defines multifunction control display unit screens that could be presented to the flight crew and enable them to perform specific functions. This feature provides the flight crew flexibility as to the types of information requested from the ground and the types of reports sent to the ground.
As an example, the flight crew could pull up a multifunction control display unit screen that allowed them to send to the ground a request for various types of weather information. After the desired locations and type of weather information are entered, ACARS transmits this information to the ground. In response to this request message, ground computers send the requested weather information back to the ACARS management unit for subsequent display and/or printing.
Airlines began adding new messages to support new applications (weather, winds, clearances, connecting flights, etc.) and ACARS systems were customized to support airline-unique applications and unique ground computer requirements. This resulted in each airline having its own unique ACARS application operating on its aircraft. Some airlines have more than 75 multifunction control display unit screens for their flight crews, where other may have only a dozen different screens. In addition, since ground computers differ for each airline, the contents and formats of the messages sent by an ACARS management unit differ accordingly.
In the wake of the crash of Air France Flight 447, there has been discussion about making ACARS an "online-black-box."[4] If such a system were in place, it would avoid the loss of data due to: (1) black-box destruction, and (2) inability to locate the black-box following loss of the aircraft. However, due to high bandwidth requirements, the cost would be excessive and there have in fact been very few incidents where the black boxes were not recoverable.
An on board person or system can create a message and send it via ACARS to a system or user on the ground, and vice versa. Messages may be sent either automatically or manually.
A network of VHF ground radio stations ensures that aircraft can communicate with ground end systems in real-time from practically anywhere in the world. VHF communication is Line-of-sight propagation and provides communication with ground-based transceivers (often referred to as remote ground stations). The typical range depends on altitude, with a 200-mile transmission range common at high altitudes. Thus VHF communication is only applicable over land masses which have a VHF ground network installed.
Problems playing this file? See media help. |
Mode | A |
Aircraft | B-18722 |
Ack | NAK |
Block id | 2 |
Flight | CI5118 |
Label | B9 |
Msg No. | L05A |
Message | /KLAX.TI2/024KLAXA91A1 |
Satellite communication can provide worldwide coverage. Depending on the satellite system in use, coverage may be limited or absent at high latitudes (such as needed for flights over the poles). HF datalink is a relatively new network whose installation began in 1995 and was completed in 2001. Aircraft with HF or global satellite communication datalinks can fly polar routes and maintain communication with ground-based systems (ATC centers and airline operation centers). ARINC is the only service provider for HF datalink.
ACARS messages may be of three types:
Air traffic control messages are used to communicate between the aircraft and air traffic control. These messages are defined in ARINC Standard 623. Air traffic control messages are used by aircraft crew to request clearances and by ground controllers to provide those clearances.
Aeronautical operational control and airline administrative control messages are used to communicate between the aircraft and its base. These messages are either standardized according to ARINC Standard 633 or defined by the users, but in the latter case they must meet at least the guidelines of ARINC Standard 618. Various types of messages are possible, for example, relating to fuel consumption, engine performance data, aircraft position, in addition to free text.
A pilot wants to inform his flight operations department that departure has been delayed by air traffic control. The pilot loads from the communications management unit a multifunction control display unit screen that allows him to enter the expected length of and reason for the delay. After entering the information on the multifunction control display unit, he depresses on it a "SEND" key. The control display unit detects that the SEND key was pushed and generates a digital message containing the delay information. This message may include such information as aircraft registration number, the origination and destination airport codes, the current estimated time of arrival before the delay, and the current expected duration of the delay. The communications management unit then sends the message to an existing radio (HF, satellite communication or VHF, with the selection of the radio based on special logic contained within the communications management unit). For a message to be sent over the VHF network, the radio transmits the VHF signals containing the delay message, which is then received by a VHF remote ground station.
Most ACARS messages are only 100 to 200 characters in length. Such messages are made up of a one-block transmission from (or to) the aircraft. One ACARS block is constrained to be no more than 220 characters within the body of the message. For downlink messages which are longer than 220 characters, the ACARS unit splits the message into multiple blocks, transmitting each block to the remote ground station (there is a constraint that no message may be made up of more than 16 blocks). The remote ground station collects each block of such multi-block messages until the complete message is received before processing and routing the message. ACARS also contains protocols to support a retry of failed messages or retransmission of messages whenever the service provider changes.
Once the remote ground station receives the complete message, it forwards the message to the datalink service provider's main computer system. The datalink service provider's ground network uses landlines to link the remote ground station to the datalink service provider. The datalink service provider uses information contained in its routing table to forward the message to the airlines or other destinations. This table is maintained by the datalink service provider and identifies each aircraft (by tail number) and the types of messages that it can process. (Each airline must tell its service provider(s) what messages and message labels their ACARS systems will send, and, for each message, where they want the service provider to route the message. The service provider then updates its routing tables based on this information.) Each type of message sent by the communications management unit has a specific message label, which is contained in the header information of the message. Using the label contained in the message, the datalink service provider looks up the message in the table and forwards it to the airline's computer system. which then processes the message.
This processing performed by an airline may include reformatting the message, populating databases for later analysis, or forwarding the message to other departments, such as flight operations, maintenance, engineering, finance, or other organizations within an airline. In the example of a delay message, it may be routed via the airline's network to both their operations department as well as to a facility at the aircraft's destination, notifying them of a potential late arrival.
The elapsed transmission time from the moment the flight crew presses the send key to the moment it is processed by an airline's computer system varies, but is generally on the order of 6 to 15 seconds. The messages that are sent to the ground from the communications management unit are referred to as downlink messages.
For a message to be transmitted to the aircraft (referred to as an uplink message), the process is nearly a mirror image of how a downlink is sent from the aircraft. For example, in response to an ACARS downlink message requesting weather information, a weather report is constructed by the airline's computer system. The message contains the aircraft registration number in the header of the message, with the body of the message containing the actual weather information. This message is sent to the datalink service provider's main computer system.
The datalink service provider transmits the message over its ground network to a VHF remote ground station in the vicinity of the aircraft. The remote ground station broadcasts the message over the VHF. On receiving the VHF signal, the onboard VHF radio passes the message to the communications management (with the internal modem transforming the signal into a digital message). The communications management validates the aircraft registration number and processes the message.
The processing performed on the uplink message by the communications management depends on the specific airline requirements. In general, an uplink is either forwarded to another avionics computer, such as an FMS or FDAMS, or is processed by the communications management. For messages destined for the communications management (such as a weather report uplink), the flight crew refers to a specific multifunction control display unit screen that contains a list of all received uplink messages. The flight crew then selects the weather message for viewing on the multifunction control display unit. The ACARS unit may also print the message on the cockpit printer (either automatically upon receiving the message or in response to the flight crew's pressing a PRINT prompt on the MCDU screen).
Messages are sent to the ground from other on-board systems in a manner similar to the delay message example discussed above. As an example, a flight data acquisition and management system message system may have a series of active algorithms monitoring engine exceedance conditions during flight (such as checking whether engine vibration or oil temperature exceeds normal operating conditions). Upon detecting such an event, the Flight data acquisition and management system's message system automatically creates an engine exceedance condition message, with applicable data contained within the body of the message. The message is forwarded to the communications management unit using what is referred to as ARINC 619 data protocols. The communications management unit then transmits the message to the ground. In this case, the service provider's routing table for an engine exceedance message is typically defined to have the message routed directly to an airline's maintenance department. This enables airline maintenance personnel to be notified of a potential problem in real time.
There are three major components to the ACARS datalink system:
The heart of the datalink system on board the aircraft is the ACARS management unit. The older version of the management unit is defined in ARINC Characteristic 724B. Newer versions are referred to as the communications management unit and are defined in ARINC Characteristic 758.
Aircraft equipment consists of airborne end systems and a router. End systems are the source of ACARS downlinks and the destination for uplinks. The management unit/communications management unit is the router. Its function is to route a downlink by means of the most efficient air-ground subnetwork. In many cases, the management unit/communications management unit also acts as an end system for aeronautical operational control messages.
Typical airborne end systems are the flight management system, datalink printer, maintenance computer, and cabin terminal. Typical datalink functions are:
ACARS messages are transmitted over one of three air-ground subnetworks.
The router function built into the management unit/communications management unit determines which subnetwork to use when routing a message from the aircraft to the ground. The airline operator provides a routing table that the communications management unit uses to select the best subnetwork.
The role of the datalink service provider is to deliver a message from the aircraft to the ground end system, and vice versa.
Because the ACARS network is modeled after the point-to-point telex network, all messages come to a central processing location. The datalink service provider routes the message to the appropriate end system using its network of land lines and ground stations. Before the days of computers, messages came to the central processing location and were punched on paper tape. The tape was then physically carried to the machine connected to the intended destination. Today, the routing function is done by computer, but the model remains the same.
There are currently two primary service providers of ground networks in the world (ARINC and SITA), although specific countries have implemented their own network with the help of either ARINC or SITA. ARINC operates a worldwide network and has also assisted the Civil Aviation Administration of China, as well as Thailand and South America with the installation of VHF networks. SITA has operated the network in Europe, Middle East, South America and Asia for many years. They have also recently started a network in the USA to compete with ARINC.
Until recently, each area of the world was supported by a single service provider. This is changing, and both ARINC and SITA are competing and installing networks that cover the same regions.
The ground end system is the destination for downlinks and the source of uplinks. Generally, ground end systems are either government agencies such as the Civil Aeronautics Administration or the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States, an airline operations headquarters, or, in the case of small airlines or general aviation consumers, a subscription based solution. Civil Aeronautics Administration end systems provide air traffic services such as clearances. Airline and general aviation operations provide information necessary for operating the airline or flight department efficiently, such as gate assignments, maintenance, and passenger needs. In the early history of ACARS most airlines created their own host systems for managing their ACARS messages. Commercial off-the-shelf products are now widely available to manage the ground hosting.
Much of the processing performed by the communications management unit as well as basic requirements of the hardware are defined by ARINC specifications. The following is a list of the major ARINC specifications that define standards that govern many aspects of ACARS systems:
ARINC documents and their specifications
ARINC 607 | Design Guidance for Avionics Equipment. Includes definition of the aircraft personality module required for ARINC 758 communications management unit installation. |
ARINC 429 | Specification for receiving and broadcasting ARINC 429 broadcast data (data transfer between avionics line replaceable units). ARINC 429 is the one-way communication data bus (one data bus pair to transmit data and another data bus pair to receive data). |
ARINC 618 | Defines the air/ground protocols for communicating between the ACARS/communications management unit and VHF ground systems. Also defines the format of the ACARS messages sent by the ACARS/communications management unit as well as received by the ACARS communications management unit. The format of this message is called a Type A message. This characteristic has been updated to define the future VDL Mode 2 ACARS over aviation VHF link control operation. |
ARINC 619 | Defines the protocols for the ACARS/communications management unit to transfer data file between other avionics in the aircraft. ARINC 619 covers file protocols that are used to interface with the flight management system, flight data acquisition and management system, the cabin terminal, maintenance computers, satellite communication systems and HF voice data radios. |
ARINC 620 | Defines ground-to-ground communication protocols. This includes the format of messages routed between a service provider and an airline or other ground system. This is referred to as a Type B message (the air/ground Type A message is reformatted to a Type B message for ground transmissions). |
ARINC 622 | Describes the processing associated with sending air traffic control application messages over today's ACARS links (including ARINC 623 ATC messages). |
ARINC 623 | This characteristic identifies air-traffic-control-related messages that can be generated or received by an ACARS management unit/communications management unit system (does not include FANS-1 or FANS-A messages that are processed by the flight management system). |
ARINC 629 | Specification for a bi-directional data bus for sending and receiving data between multiple avionics line replacement units. The specification was initially developed for use on Boeing 777 commercial airplanes, but was published as an ARINC industry standard in 1999. |
ARINC 631 | Specification for VHF Data Link Mode 2. This specification provides general and specific design guidance for the development and installation of the protocols needed to exchange bit-oriented data across an air-ground VHF Digital Link in an open system interconnection environment. |
ARINC 724B | Specification for an ACARS management unit for ARINC 724B wiring. |
ARINC 739 | Specification for interfacing with multi-purpose cockpit display units. |
ARINC 740 | Specification for interfacing to cockpit printers. |
ARINC 758 | Specification for a communications management unit relative to ARINC 758 wiring. This specification identifies various levels of functionality, these in turn defining future growth phases for the communications management unit. Initial communications management unit systems which perform today's ACARS functions are classified as Level OA. |
ARINC 823 | Two-part specification that defines a security framework for protecting ACARS datalink messages exchanged between aircraft and ground systems. Security services include confidentiality, data integrity and message authentication. Part 1, ACARS message security, specifies the security protocol, and Part 2, key management, specifies life-cycle management of the cryptographic keys necessary for secure and proper operation of the ACARS message security system. |
There has been rumour that the introduction of datalink into the airline industry originated as part of a contest to see how many acronyms could be developed around a specific technology. Whether this is true or not, the industry is at the point where acronyms are now nested within acronyms. For example, AOA is an acronym for ACARS Over AVLC, where AVLC itself is an acronym for Aviation VHF Link Control and VHF is also an acronym for Very High Frequency.


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Do You Check for Understanding Often Enough with Students?
A few months ago, I wrote for Edutopia.org about the power of focusing on a few, high-priority standards as a strategy to improve student learning. Many other elements also need to be in play in a classroom in order to produce the results that we all want to see for our students.
To name just a few: The learning environment needs to be one in which students feel respected and safe to take risks; kids need to feel that their learning has a purpose and that the curriculum is relevant to their lives; and students need feedback on their progress -- they need to know what they're trying to accomplish, where they are in relation to the goal, and what they need to do in order to get there.
It is the teacher's role to make sure this happens.
The Multi-Tasking Teacher
Although to be an effective teacher it often feels like you need to be one of those Hindu gods with a dozen arms, I believe that educators do need to hold standards and objectives in one hand and formative assessments in the other. We then need to juggle them back and forth. It's essential to break down a high-priority standard into bite size learning objectives that are measurable and then it's absolutely critical to have a way to check, every single day, on how well students mastered that objective.
Having a well-written learning objective, in student-friendly language, is not enough.
This isn't easy. In fact, there's nothing easy about teaching. But it is essential that every time students leave our classroom, we ask a number of questions:
- How do I know that they learned what I wanted them to learn?
- How well did they learn the objective?
- Who mastered it and who didn't?
- Which parts of the objective did students struggle with? What misconceptions did they have?
If we don't answer these questions, all of our careful planning and breaking down of standards and creating a positive learning environment and making curriculum relevant is useless.
As educators, we are responsible for learning, not teaching.
So how do we do assess every day how well students mastered the objectives?
The Key: Formative Assessment
A lot has been written about on-going, formative assessments, but my favorite resource is Checking for Understanding by Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey This book is a quick and easy read, very accessible and full of dozens of ways to thoughtfully and systematically monitor student learning.
Fisher and Frey define a formative assessment as one that serves to improve instruction and provide student feedback and which is administered throughout instruction. Students use the results to monitor their own learning; teachers use the results to check for understanding and then to plan their next instructional moves.
In contrast, a summative assessment is administered at the end of a course or unit, and is used to measure student competency. Teachers use these results for grades.
If formative assessments are used consistently, and used well, neither a teacher nor a student should ever be surprised by his/her final grade, and I would argue that the great majority of students should be successful.
A Few Examples
Formative assessments can be:
- Questioning strategies that are used with the whole group or individuals
- Think-pair-share, during which the teacher circulates and listens to students sharing
- Individual mini-white boards for ongoing assessment during a lesson
- An "exit ticket," which is a quarter or half sheet of paper where students write about their learning for the day, or answer a brief question or two
- Hand signals, as a quick and easy way to check for understanding
I imagine that most teachers are familiar with these strategies and many others.
Recently I observed a fantastic first grade Sheltered English teacher who used a variety of formative assessment techniques to ensure that students mastered their objective (to analyze characters and identify the setting in a picture book).
As the teacher read the story, she instructed students to use specific hand gestures when they heard repetitive phrases and to repeat those phrases out loud. This engaged students, assured that they were following the language patterns, and allowed the teacher to check that all students heard and understood a repeating phrase (important oral language development for English Language Learners).
Then she had students talk to each other about the characters and share their ideas with the whole group. Finally, she distributed three response cards to the children: one card said "who," another said "when," and the last said "where."
The teacher named a character or aspect of the setting, such as "sheep," and students had to hold up the card that identified the literary element. In this way, the teacher was able to immediately see who was struggling with the concepts and to provide corrective feedback.
Planning is a Must
When I write lesson plans, I have a column in which I write the activity that students will do or where I detail my instructional moves. Next to that is another column where I identify the formative assessment strategies that I will use during those activities.
In order for my checking for understanding to be as useful as possible, I need to carefully plan and consider which strategy will be most effective with the planned activity. If I don't plan, I tend to use a few strategies over and over, or I don't get the most accurate data. This doesn't mean that I don't throw in a spontaneous strategy now and then, but it assures me that I'll get the student data I need by the end of that lesson.
What have you learned about formative assessments from using them? Do you have a strategy to check for understanding that you find effective? Please share your ideas and expertise with us!
Comments (69)Sign in or register to postSubscribe to comments via RSS
I have to agree that we often get caught up in the language, but their is a difference between teaching and learning. Too often we spend most of our time simply talking. I believe the learning experience is more effective if we don't "teach" but rather give the students to opportunity to explore and learn on their own with us as their guides. The planning in much more labor intensive initially, but the students are more eager to learn and the material seems to stick better.
Yes, Ken I do agree with you that many times, teachers do not speak the level of language to students when teaching and we need to teach with focus on learning rather than language. Teaching can be more productive with doing rather than speaking. Have the students engaged in discovery methods of finding information through guided questions. Students will show their interest instrinsically and be self motivated rather than forcing them to learn. It demands more time and effort in lesson preparation but definately, it will also help with some of our classroom mangement problems that we discussed last week.
Teaching is becoming a very difficult task but with the use of collaborate effort it can be mastered as highly skilled professionals. My concern though is: How can we incorporate some public and private stakeholders into the educational system and have all working as an educational community?
Hi Elena,
I enjoyed reading your post and the comments about your posts as well. i found your ideas interesting and as a teacher it sounded so right. I like how you write your formative assessment plans right on your lesson- great idea! This makes sure you are doing that refletive teaching at the end of the day and can see what the students got from the lesson based on hard facts. i plan to use that idea- thanks
I really like this post. I agree that students need a safe environment where they are not afraid to take risks. For some students, even if they know the answer, they are afraid to say, scared that someone will laugh, or the answer is actually wrong. They need to feel that it is an environment that promotes learning. I try to make formative assessments fun. I teach third grade, and the student really love the "summary ball". We pass around a ball and the students tell something they learned during the lesson.
I have only recently become very interested in formative assessments. I may have learned about them a long, long, tie ago, but I apparently forgot about them. I went to the National Science Teachers Association conference in Philadelphia a few weeks ago and attended a workshop in which this shortcoming was made obvious to me. So I went to some other workshops and purchased some books to help mw with this aspect of my teaching I feel I have had some success in this in the past couple weeks.
I have to agree with another post, however, that no matter how hard I try to be an effective teacher, I have no control over whether I am dealing with the effective student and the effective parent. And if I were a car salesman, no matter how good I am at my job, if the person is just not interested in buying a car then I am not selling one. That doesn't mean I'm not an effective salesman. Effective salesmen are trying to get you to buy from them as opposed to buying from the other guy. And if you're interested in buying then they try to get you to buy something more expensive. Students bring a lot of baggage to school with them, things teachers have no control over. I wish it was different, but it never will be.
I certainly agreed with you that students need to be felt comfortable in any learning situation so that they can express their views very openly.Formative assessment helps to promote independence. Since formative assessement moves the students from stage to stage this independence can be progressive as students become more confident in their own abilities from the different learning stages..
This is the time of year where I needed to be reminded that there are many different ways to check for student understanding and they don't all have to be long and overwhelming! It is so important to constantly be aware of which students understand, which do not, and what their misconceptions may be. If we can use more quick check methods frequently I believe we will feel more in control and in the know about our students' learning.
Yes, I think formative assessment is important however it is not the only measure of a student's success. Unfortunately we are currently in an environment that places so much emphasis on formative and standardized testing. In my school, it seems as if the formal testing never ends. They are tested in September (a formative), October (SRI), January (formative), March (state test), April (SRI), and finally in May (formative) not to mention the unit test required by the district. The structure, lenght and environment that is created around these test are such that students become desensitised. In an effort to help make this over testing environment tolerable, I must come up with alternative ways of conducting my own assessments.
It has gotten to a point that the students moan when they are told that it's a testing day. Several pupils have even asked why there is so much testing. I candidly explained that testing won't go away and that even when you get older there are yet more test to come. (driver's test, SAT's, professional test, etc.) This explanation seemed to make it more palatable. In truth, I feel that these children are tested because of the demographics of the district and past performances. Neighboring counties within the same state don't administer nearly as many assessments.
So okay, testing won't go away but is it fair to tie teacher evaluations to it? Measure the growth of the student and not whether they are proficient. Yes, proficiency is key but is it truly realistic? What about our special ed population they too are part of the equation. Not everyone is equal in all areas. That's like saying that everyone is suppose to be proficient at everything they do. I can't draw to save my life and though I have tried, if given a standardized test on it I would fail beautifully.
I agree with Jane's post. It doesn't matter how good the teacher is when students don't care about what she is selling. I feel that some times I'm a loser, but I always say tomorrow is going to be a new day. The next day I come to school fresh and carrying a backpack full of new strategies for the class. Again I encounter the same issue "No one cares". Nonetheless, I will keep trying new strategies, until I reach everyone in the classroom.


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Thursday, October 24, 2013 - 9:57am
Natchitoches, LA (KMSS) — Northwestern State University students participated in an environmental beautification project planting catawba crape myrtle trees along Tarleton Drive. From left are Emily Fontenot, Megan Guidry, Daniel Thiels, Rebecca Price and Cayla Mendow.
More plantings are scheduled for later this month with student participation. The group coordinated with Director of Grounds Gary Nolley on the project.


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