text: Touchstone: A Journal of Mere Christianity "Citizen, Heal Thyself" first appeared in the November/December 2009 issue of Touchstone. Citizen, Heal ThyselfSocial Sins Are Easily & Fashionably Confessed A major divergence between orthodox and modernist religious believers is the distinction between "personal" and "social" sins, with the orthodox pointing out that individual offenses against the Ten Commandments—profanity, lying, murder, theft, adultery—have always been at the center of Christian moral teaching and liberals arguing that the conditions of modern life implicate people in networks of guilt—"institutional racism," unjust economic structures, acts of aggression by nations. The death of Senator Edward Kennedy once again brought this dichotomy into focus. By Christian standards, he was an irresponsible person who did a good deal of harm in his personal life, but he was all but canonized after his death, because he passionately espoused the "correct" public issues. (The converse, however, is never true—an upright personal life is never said to excuse a deficient social conscience.) Liberal Moralism Otherwise virtuous people may indeed feel no responsibility for morally dubious situations from which they derive advantage. The present status of individuals, families, churches, even whole nations, can often be traced back to historical events that are today deemed unjustifiable. But of their very nature, most "social sins" are experienced from a distance. A man whose wealth derives from immoral investments or from injustices perpetrated by his ancestors is implicated in something he can know about only through study. But when a preacher condemns "personal" sins—theft, lying, assault, abortion, unchastity—every hearer knows immediately whether or not he is guilty and whether he is obliged to amend his life. A man who cheats on his wife or steals from his neighbor, and who then conceals his sins by lying, has consciously crossed a fundamental moral and psychological line. He bears that guilty knowledge in his heart continuously and thereby becomes a different person. Conversely, confessing to social sins can actually be a way of avoiding a real sense of one's own moral failure. A Christian accused of benefiting from unjust social structures can hide in a moral crowd—"we" are all guilty; therefore, in a sense, none of "us" is, and little is required of us except to hold the correct opinions, write checks, and vote for the correct candidates. Striking one's breast over social sins can even be a pharisaical gesture by which the individual announces that, morally, he is leagues ahead of his fellow Christians who do not even recognize such sins. Modern liberalism is, in its way, highly moralistic, the apostles of social equality or environmentalism often sounding (and even acting) like Carry Nation. But the point of this moralism, unrelentingly, is to absorb all personal sin into social sin. Personhood Denied Abortion is the crucial moral issue of our time precisely because it involves deliberate personal actions with extremely grave consequences. Illogically, liberals both assert this right of "choice" and deny that it is a choice, insisting that women are driven to have abortions simply out of need and that the only way to prevent this is to reform social and economic structures. Concern with sexual morality is often dismissed as outmoded prudishness. But sexuality helps define people at the deepest level of their being, and to treat it as a kind of appendage to one's identity is to devalue personhood itself. The bizarre phenomenon of becoming "transgendered" is perhaps the ultimate phase of the modernist moral revolution, the ultimate denial of personhood. It is thus that secular modernity has come to understand freedom; and liberal religion, too, has to a great extent embraced a concept of the self defined mainly in relation to social groups (race, ethnicity, class, gender), with no personal core of the kind once designated as "character." Christianity does not require that the self remain unchanged. To the contrary, it requires conversion in order to achieve salvation. Indeed, one's initial steps toward Christ are only the beginning of a lifetime of discipleship and discipline, toward the goal of conforming oneself to the image of Christ. Conversion is required because the individual has yet to achieve the ultimate identity intended by God. Personality change must always be a purposive move upwards, towards higher and higher levels of integration, fulfilling the eternal divine plan. — James Hitchcock, for the editors James Hitchcock is Professor of History at St. Louis University in St. Louis. He and his wife Helen have four daughters. His most recent book is the two-volume work, The Supreme Court and Religion in American Life (Princeton University Press, 2004). He is a senior editor of Touchstone. "Citizen, Heal Thyself" first appeared in the November/December 2009 issue of Touchstone. If you enjoyed this article, you'll find more of the same in every issue. Letters Welcome: One of the reasons Touchstone exists is to encourage conversation among Christians, so we welcome letters responding to articles or raising matters of interest to our readers. However, because the space is limited, please keep your letters under 400 words. All letters may be edited for space and clarity when necessary. email@example.com This page and all site content © 2015 by The Fellowship of St. James. All rights reserved. Please send comments, suggestions, and bad link reports to email@example.com. |


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Nursing Home & Residential Home Fees / Funding Advice Chart
Care Home / Nursing Home / Residential Home Funding Flow Chart
The care home funding flow chart illustrates the main factors affecting nursing home fees and residential home fees.
Funding Your Care - Flow Chart
Do you have capital or savings in excess of £23,250?
The local authority should assist with your care costs.
Arrange an assessment of your care needs with social services.
You should be able to choose which care home you prefer subject to it meeting your assessed needs and being with in the price that the social services are prepared to pay.
If you wish to live in more expensive accommodation, you must find a third party to top-up the local authority funding. You are not allowed to do this yourself from a capital below £23,250.
Obtain an assessment of your care needs from social services.
The local authority will help with your first twelve weeks of care costs if, apart from your property, your other savings are below £23,250. Any help beyond this period will be a loan.
Depending on your other capital and income, you may also be able to claim income support or pension credit.
If your property is not on the market it could be treated as capital and adversely effect your entitlement to means tested welfare benefits.
Claim Attendance Allowance. This is a non-means tested benefit that pays £79.15 per week if you need care day and night or £53.00 if you need care by day or night.
If you are moving to the nursing home, claim the NHS nursing Contribution - paid directly to the home at a rate of £109.79 per week. These rates apply to England only. Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland pay different amounts.
Make sure you can afford your chosen care over the long term. Seek specialist financial advice.
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subset: commoncrawl


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*Simply Scratch*: Parmesan Garlic Bread: Last week was a busy week filled with a field trip to the zoo sandwiched by 3 twelve hour shifts.
By Friday I was extremely happy for the weekend to arrive. Although Pat worked late, we still barbecued dinner and relaxed with a few adult beverages after tucking in our girls. Tonight he made a special request… for garlic bread. The Pastry Affair - Home - Garlic Parmesan Pull-Apart&Bread. I once made the driest pancake in the world.
I can see you sitting at home, staring at your computer screen, and scoffing at my bold statement. Driest pancake in the world? Yeah, right. How would you even know? But this is the truth, my friends. Easy Garlic Cheddar Biscuits. Golden cheddar biscuits drizzled with garlic parsley butter.
Make sure you have some company to enjoy these with, or you'll be tempted to eat them all! You can easily halve this recipe. Of course, they taste best fresh out of the oven, but reheating them the next day is still good if you have leftovers. Garlic Cheddar BiscuitsSkinnytaste.com Servings: 14 • Serving Size: 1 biscuit • Old Points: 2 pts • Points+: 3 ptsCalories: 97.3 • Fat: 3.9 g • Protein: 3.7 g • Carb: 13.0 g • Fiber: 0.0 g Ingredients: French Fries: The No-Guilt Version. There's nothing like a french fried potato.
The taste, the texture, the dip-ability; it's probably one of my favorite go-to comfort foods. However, I don't need the fat of an actual deep fried potato, and I certainly do not favor processed french fries that come from the frozen food section of the grocery store. Crispy Potato Roast Recipe. Hey Guys!
So…it's still really hot out…wtf! I'm totally ready for fall…forget this, "I just don't want summer to end" BS…I'm OVER IT! Baked Parmesan Tomatoes -EW.


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A ranking officer in the Iraqi Interior Ministry's counter-terrorism agency was killed Monday (February 4th) in Abu Ghraib when his car exploded, police said.
"A sticky bomb attached beneath the car of Lt. Col. Riyadh Ali, deputy head of the anti-terrorism unit in Abu Ghraib, exploded, killing him and wounding two civilians who were near the car at the time of blast," Abu Ghraib police chief Col. Sabah al-Falahi told Al-Shorfa.
"Ali was about to leave home for his work when the bomb exploded," said al-Falahi, who said al-Qaeda stood behind the attack.


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Red Bulls Sebastian Vettel was the fastest man at Jerez on Sunday as the penultimate pre-season test of 2009 got underway. Vettel put in a best time of 1m 19.005s around the Spanish circuit to finish over a second clear of second-placed Felipe Massa for Ferrari.
While Vettel took charge of the RB5, Massa spent his day finding the F60s best set-up, whilst simultaneously carrying out reliability testing. Despite a long interruption following an off-track excursion, and a brief rain shower in the afternoon, the Brazilian covered 63 laps. He will continue to test on Monday.
Third fastest was Toyota third driver Kamui Kobayashi. Kobayashi focused his attentions on aerodynamic evaluations in the TF109 and covered 79 laps. The Japanese driver will hand over to team mate Timo Glock on Monday.
"This morning was my first real chance to try out the TF109 in dry conditions, explained Kobayashi. From the first run the car felt easy to drive so we were able to get straight into our programme of aero work. It certainly feels like a step forward from last year. The shower interrupted our afternoon but we still made it through our programme. Overall it went well so this was a good day of testing for us."
Williams Nico Rosberg finished the day fourth, ahead of Robert Kubica in fifth for BMW Sauber. Kubicas main focus was to test the 2010 specification tyres in order to give Bridgestones engineers feedback on next year's compounds. In the morning the team decided to carry out a precautionary engine change, and by the end of the day the Polish driver had only racked up 47 laps.
"Unfortunately I couldn't drive as many laps as planned. In the afternoon the session was interrupted by five red flags and the changing weather, he said. "Because of this I expect a very busy day tomorrow."
After sampling the newly-launched VJM02 for the first time, Force Indias Giancarlo Fisichella finished the day in sixth, ahead of the similarly-engined McLaren. The MP4-24 was in the experienced hands of tester Pedro de la Rosa, who covered 94 laps as he evaluated Bridgestones 2010 compounds. Kovalainen will test for the team on Monday.
Running without tyre blankets makes it harder to get heat into the tyre - but thats the objective for next year and thats why Bridgestone will supply the teams with different compounds, explained De la Rosa. We managed a lot of laps today and the work with the tyres was very positive."
Completing the days line-up was Renaults Nelson Piquet in eighth. Continuing the French teams development programme in the R29, Piquet worked on various set-up options. The Brazilian, however, only managed to cover 52 laps after several technical issues interrupted his running.
"It was quite a difficult day with limited mileage due to some small problems that we had on the car, explained Christian Silk, chief test engineer. As a result we didn't get as much set-up work done as we would have liked, but the engineers still have some interesting data that they will go through this evening."
Testing continues at the Spanish circuit until Thursday.
Unofficial Sunday times from Jerez:
1. Sebastian Vettel, Red Bull, 1:19.055
2. Felipe Massa, Ferrari, 1:20.330
3. Kamui Kobayashi, Toyota, 1:20.699
4. Nico Rosberg, Williams, 1:21.171
5. Robert Kubica, BMW Sauber, 1:21.292
6. Giancarlo Fisichella, Force India, 1:21.584
7. Pedro de la Rosa, McLaren, 1:21.831
8. Nelson Piquet, Renault, 1:22.011


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This appears to be an opague purple-maroon in the pot, but don't be deceived. On bare lips, it proves to be more brownish glaze. Rather disappointing, actually.
When paired with red lipstick, it creates a very alluring vampy look. I pondered keeping it around to apply for days when I wanted to more gothic fotd, but it's lasting power makes it useless even as a color-enhancer.
If you even so much as blink a little too hard, this stuff will vanish.
No on this one.
(Mine is called Ravin' Red and it's a pot-style container, so not sure it's the same but just in case.) I picked this up on a whim for a buck or two, and it's ok. Not the best but not the worst either. It goes on a lot more brown than I expected so it's really more of a dark warm brown-red than a straight red. Even when first opened and new, it smells faintly of crayons which isn't great, but once on I don't notice it (and no taste, thankfully). Fairly thick without being goopy or overly sticky and IMO looks and wears best sheered out over a clear balm or gloss, otherwise it can be a bit uneven in spots, especially if you lips are at all chapped.


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What's the difference between evening, online, hybrid, enhanced and informational?
Classes held after 4 pm.
See a list of current evening courses.
Online courses generally do not have a face-to-face component. Students complete all course work via the Internet, by going to the college's learning management system, logging in with a username and password, and accessing their virtual classroom.
See a list of current online courses.
Hybrid courses blend face-to-face interaction with online participation and learning. For example: students go online, read lessons, take a practice quiz, come to a face-to-face class and talk about what they learned online.
See a list of current hybrid courses.
Some face-to-face courses have an additional required online component. For example: a face-to-face instructor may require you to access reading, assignment material or submit an assignment online.
Some face-to-face courses have an additional non-required online component. For example: a face-to-face instructor makes all syllabus and class handouts available for download via a website.


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DoCo Dental Design, LLC was founded in 2013 by Cody Bolton. Our company was started to service both dentists and dental labs wanting to embrace the digital dental technology that is available in the dental industry. We are temporarily located in New Berlin, WI and plan to move to Sister Bay, WI. We are a small operation and have no plans to become a large company. We feel that a smaller company with less employees is the best way to achieve excellent relationships with its customers and have a complete awareness of everything going on within.
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Customer service and quality products are our top priorities


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Spyro the Dragon is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games for the PlayStation. It stars the title character, a young purple dragon named Spyro, and his dragonfly friend, Sparx, and is the first game in the Spyro the Dragon series.
The game received highly positive reviews, praising its graphics and high replay value.
Spyro the Dragon puts players in the control of the titular Spyro, as he travels across various worlds in order to rescue his fellow dragons, recover the stolen treasure, and defeat the evil Gnasty Gnorc. Spyro has two main attacks; breathing fire and charging with his horns, which must be strategically used for defeating enemies and smashing open crates. Charging can be used against many small enemies but not against larger enemies.
Read more


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Legal Battle Looms in "Sheraton Gate" Controversy
By Roua Seghaier | Jan 3 2013
Charfeddine Kellil ,Ministry of Foreign Affairs ,Mohamed Abbou ,Olfa Riahi ,Sheraton ,The controversy over Minister of Foreign Affairs Rafik Abdessalem's hotel stays, known as "Sheraton Gate," may soon turn into a legal battle. Lawyer Charfeddine Kellil announced yesterday on Tunisian radio Mosaique FM that a "group of 25 lawyers,†including himself, is to file a lawsuit against the minister for the misuse of public funds.
"Sheraton Gate" first arose when blogger Olfa Riahi released a series of receipts from the Sheraton hotel in Tunis, implicating the minister in a potential embezzlement and adultery scandal.
The "group of 25 lawyers" intends to indict Abdessalem according to Article 96 of the Penal Code. The Article in question states that any individual, who obtains for themselves or a third party an unfair advantage using state funds or privilege, is subject to ten years of prison as well as a fine equal to the benefit received or damage suffered. Ultimately, it will be the judge that decides whether Abdessalem is to be tried on the basis of Article 96 or not.
State news agency TAP reported today that the attorney general is opening an investigation into the credibility of the billing information, posted on Riahi's blog. According to the same source, the investigation will be compliant with Code 31 of Criminal Procedures, which applies to cases in which the allegations have not been substantiated, and will not target Abdessalem until the validity of the information is established.
Fathi Laayouni, a lawyer charged by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to bring suit against Riahi, claimed that the blogger has distorted the reality of Abdessalem's stays at the Sheraton by selectively publishing information. In addition, he also stated in an interview featured on Hannibal TV last night that "the minister paid cash, and from his own money, without using any discounts for his cousin's hotel room.â€
Riahi, interviewed on Hannibal TV last night, responded to Laayouni's allegations by inviting him to prove his words in court. She added that he "deserves 80 floggings,†mocking the punishment that Ennahdha party leader Rachid Ghannouchi had spelled out for her.
She also expressed her disillusionment that the public's focus was on the "other woman" (Abdessalem's cousin) whose initials were included in the billing information she released rather than the potential abuse of public money by the minister.
While criticizing the media's focus on the potential extramarital affair, Riahi explained that her intention was to shed light on the misappropriation of state funds. The minister's cousin, married and a mother of two, was unfairly caught in the midst of public outrage, she said.
"I want to exonerate the woman and her husband from all accusations and defamation they have experienced. I apologize to them even though I am not responsible for the defamations,†Riahi said.
The blogger stated that she could relate with the minister's cousin, who did not reveal her name, as a survivor of the emotional trauma caused by the "Sheraton Gate" controversy. She addressed her in particular: "Walk out and be proud."
Secretary General of the Congress for the Republic (CPR) party Mohammed Abbou has expressed his support for the blogger in public statements. While he denied accusations that his party leaked information to Riahi, Abbou indicated to Mosaique FM today that Abdessalem's name was among the list of ministers that the CPR suggested for replacement two months ago.


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Find information about academic papers, authors, conferences, journals, and organizations from multiple sources.
Blog covering science publishing trends, ethics, peer review, and open access.
In the United States, Journalogy.com is ranked 8,382,980, with an estimated 5,670 monthly visitors a month. Click to view other data about this site.
Microglial Activation and Increased Microglial Density Observed in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Autism,10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.024,Biologi
View Sarah J. Wilson's professional profile. Publications: 178 | Citations: 1373 Field Rating: 19. Fields of study: Psychiatry & Psychology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology
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Welcome to Yellowstone! Family Day
Saturday, November 9, 2013 from 10:00 am - Noon
Museum of the Rockies
Museum of the Rockies
Explore MOR's Welcome to Yellowstone! exhibit through exciting hands-on activities for kids. Explore Yellowstone bear safety with Montana Outdoor Science School, learn about fire management with the Gallatin National Forest, make your own Yellowstone art to take home, and more!
The cost of this event is: Free with Museum admission
For more information go to:
Listed as: Entertainment Museum of the Rockies Parents Academics Audience


text: HIV/AIDS through Unsafe Medical Care (6) ---------------------------------------- Dear Colleagues, I am surprised that somebody considers this subject new and unat- tended to. Generally hospital acquired infection is a known subject and this includes diseases such as hepatitis and HIV-AIDS. In 1996, I presented a paper at the World Congress of Military Medicine (ICMM) in Beijing, China on the need for indemnity for health workers, doc- tors, nurses and laboratory workers who may acquire HIV and Hepatitis while working on patients with these diseases. This is because, doc- tors particularly surgeons are often laid off work when discovered to have HIV infection in some countries such as the USA. This subject is certainly not new but nobody wants to take it serious because hospi- tal workers are not involved in policy making. They will therefore rely on some form of advocacy for policy makers to take this subject seriously. Indeed, WHO has a lot of publication on this, taking it from the angle of needle prick injuries. Dr. OO Ovadje Chief Consultant Anaesthetist & Promoter EATSET Blood Transfusion Device Military Hospital mailto:email@example.com -- To send a message to AFRO-NETS, write to: firstname.lastname@example.com To subscribe or unsubscribe, write to: firstname.lastname@example.com in the body of the message type: subscribe afro-nets OR unsubscribe afro-nets To contact a person, send a message to: firstname.lastname@example.com Information and archives: http://www.afronets.org


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IBS is 23 years old - Proud to be IBS
Twenty-one years is not a very long time in the history of an educational institution. However, if this institution is the first private Hungarian college, we can definitely call it a success.
IBS opened its gates in 1991 welcoming students who wished to study business in English. The founders of the school had long term plans and thus they moved the college (practically run in some rented rooms of an office block) from Kelenföldi railway station to the second district, one of the most beautiful districts of Buda. In 2014, IBS moved to the north of Budapest and is now offering a real campus experience with 3 brand new buildings in a business enviroment. The completely renovated, reshaped and well-equipped buildings in Graphisoft Park – with the Residence Hall in its close vicinity – is a perfect place for studies as well as recreation with its riverside setting and garden.
Following a successful institutional accreditation in 1997, IBS became a recognized private college in Hungary, with the right to issue Hungarian college degrees (called Bachelor degrees today) besides the English degrees.
Owing to the continuous and systematic development process, by now IBS runs eight Bachelor and four Master programmes in addition to the single programme (BA in Business Studies) available in 1991.
The first degrees were awarded in 1995; the number of IBS graduates by 2012 is over 3300.
Our graduates can be found in almost every country in the world, which provides enormous networking possibilities. To maintain this 'human' capital IBS treats its Alumni community as top priority, and organizes monthly Alumni Evenings. We are proud that every third graduate is an Alumni member, which is a very high rate considering that almost 50% of the students come from abroad.
On the virtual cake of our 23rd anniversary the 'candles' represent the following landmarks:
- 2014: Move to a brand new Budapest campus in Graphisoft Park
- 2013: start of MSc programmes in Vienna, Austria
- 2013: lauching the new programme portfolio, incl. 8 new BSc programmes
- 2012: signing the cooperation agreement with The University of Buckingham
- 2011: accreditation by the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs
- 2010: accreditation by the European Council for Business Education
- 2010: accreditation by the British Accreditation Council
- 2010, 2011, 2012: winning the 'Superbrands' title in Hungary
- 2009, 2010, 2011: receiving the 'Excellent business school with 3 palms' prize in the business school ranking by Eduniversal
- 2008: starting the 'MSc in Marketing Management' programme
- 2007: starting the 'BA in Travel and Tourism Management' programme
- 2007: starting the 'BA in Arts Management' programme
- 2007: becoming an exam centre for the Examination Board of the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry
- 2006: starting the 'MSc in Human Resource Management' programme
- 2006: starting the 'MSc in Financial Management' programme
- 2004: starting the 'MSc in International Business' programme
- 2004: starting the 'BA in International Business Relations' programme
- 2003: accreditation by the Adult Training Accreditation Body
- 2000: starting the 'BA in Finance and Accounting' programme
- 1997: signing the cooperation agreement with the International Advertising Association
- 1997: accreditation by the Hungarian Accreditation Committee
- 1991: starting the 'BA in Business Studies' course
- 1991: signing the cooperation agreement with our first British partner, Oxford Brookes University


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5 Incredible. One of the greastest voices of 2009.NiamhLincoln | 20/07/2009 | See all NiamhLincoln's reviews (2)After hearing a friend rave about Florence and The Machine after seeing them at Bestival 2008, I decided I would attend Florence and The Machines gig at this years teenage cancer trust gig.. I went and I was absolutely blown away. Florence Welch has one of the most beautiful voices I've ever heard and she's as good a performer live as she is on record. Honest to God, I gush about her to all my friends.The album itself is beautiful. The notes of the harp often combining with the rather sombre lyrics of the peices. The best example of this is probably in Rabbit Heart. The way the upbeat piano and hard contrasts with the lyrics "This is a gift/it comes with a price/who is the lamb and who is the knife."I think that if you fancy a new and different option to this years retro female singers with the synth beats and electronic music such as La Roux and Little Boots. Then don't look further than Florence.I've now seen Florence and The Machine 8 times. I've spent the last year following her and she never grows old.The two disc edition is wonderful aswell. I thoroughly enjyoed hearing all her demos, the Bird Song though is incredible.This is a reccomended buy for anybody who appreciates a beautiful girl with a beautiful voice and an incredible talent.The lyrics of her songs are fabulous, often from her own past.
5 OMG Absolutely AMAZING!!!!!!!!!LucyLovesIt | 09/07/2009 | See all LucyLovesIt's reviews (2)ALBUM OF THE YEAR 2009!!!! I love this lady sooooo much, her voice is amazing, something so different and fresh. I have been waiting ages for this to arrive and oh my it was worth its wait in gold!!! Its brilliant, no songs need to be skipped and sooooo glad I went for the 2CD version, fabulous!!! My fave tracks are number 7 Drumming Song and number 11 Hurricane Drunk!!! Can't wait to go see them in September wooooooop!!! Definite recommend this to everyone, you will not be disappointed!!!xx
5 FantasticWhiskyKane | 04/07/2009 | See all WhiskyKane's reviews (1)Just got back from seeing her at Glastonbury AMAZING Show AMAZING Voice This album is a must buy, she rocks!!!!


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Critter Trail Playpen with Mat
Ideal play area for all hamsters and gerbils. Critter trail playpen features 12 colorful wire panels. Includes protective mat. Use optional passageway connector to attach to any critter trail home using fun-nel accessories.
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• Includes a large 24 feet wide and 28 inch long protective mat to guard against messes
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From the second floor of an Italian restaurant in downtown Manchester—the Democratic Party's war room in New Hampshire for the week—DNC communications director Brad Woodhouse and laid-off worker Randy Johnson responded to Romney's latest incredibly out-of-touch comments.
Here's a quick recap: Yesterday, Mitt Romney told a New Hampshire crowd that he knows what it feels like to fear a pink slip, though he and the campaign have been unable to cite any specific examples of when that might be the case. That's because when Romney took the job at Bain Capital, he negotiated himself a pretty sweet deal with zero risk to himself. As Woodhouse put it: "The only reason Mitt Romney knows what a pink slip is is that he's handed out so many."
But then this morning, the man who claimed he knew the fear of getting laid off told supporters at a campaign event that he "like[s] being able to fire people." Johnson, who was actually laid off when Bain Capital took over his office-supply plant in Indiana, spoke from the heart: "It brought back memories," he said, of hearing Romney joke about firing. "That is exactly what they told me: You're fired. Firing people and making light of it is wrong. I'm really going to call him out on it."
You can help us call him out. Check out this video—and pass it along to your friends and family. Don't let Mitt Romney get away with being so callous about people's livelihoods.


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Cam Newton cracks the Big Board
He faces questions, but Newton is undeniably gifted, and a serious NFL QB prospect
Anyone who checks in on the Big Board every week, and is familiar with how I do rankings, knows that I'm reluctant to put players with eligibility remaining on the Big Board unless I feel I have a pretty good indication as to what they'll be doing when it comes time to make a decision about the draft. The big news this week is that Auburn quarterback Cam Newton is on the Big Board for the first time.
I go into great detail as to why I made that decision in this piece, so if you want to debate the merits of his inclusion, that's the place to get my thoughts. Suffice to say, I think the storm clouds now surrounding Newton, combined with his performance, means it's far likelier that he'll want to test the NFL waters this spring. The Big Board isn't a morality discussion; these are rankings based on where I believe draft participants stand as NFL prospects. Through that prism, Newton is a gifted athlete with remarkable physical skills, a proven ability to win and a very underrated skill set as a passer. There are other significant movements this week, so take a look. As always, juniors and draft-eligible sophomores are noted with an asterisk.
Analysis: His completion percentage up a full 10 points, Luck balances improvement with refinement. Holding steady here, Luck is a prototype. Last week: No. 1
Analysis: Green has been mostly unstoppable even with a young QB; was totally dominant on big stage Saturday, which I discuss here. Last week: No. 2
Analysis: Among leaders in TFL, even as blocking attention has increased. A tremendous physical talent who has shown a steady relentlessness this year. Last week: No. 4
Analysis: I praised Peterson in last week's Stock Watch; he's more than an athlete. Peterson has continued to improve his technical cover skills. Last week: No. 3
Analysis: I'd be more concerned about Amukamara's zero interceptions in 2010 if any quarterback were willing to challenge him. A gifted technician. Last week: No. 5
To see what other moves have been made on the Big Board, you must be an ESPN Insider.
Become an insider and get access to all our articles and tools.
View Insider Benefits »Magazine subscribers: activate your Insider account.
- ESPN NFL Draft analyst since 1984
- Contributes to SportsCenter and ESPN Radio
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The 2011 NFL Draft
Draft Tracker | Kiper Home | Draft Blog
Mel Kiper
- Mock Draft 5.0 (4/27)
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- Mock Draft 2.0 (2/16)
- Big Board (4/27)
- Top 5's: 2011 draft | 2012 draft (4/27)
- Best draft fits for Cam Newton (3/8)
- Greatest top 10 NFL draft picks ever (3/4)
- Combine winners and losers (3/2)
- Pre-combine stock watch (2/23)
- Replacing NFL veterans via the draft (2/11)
- Regrading the 2010 draft (1/28)
- Mock Draft 1.0 (1/19)
- How Luck changes draft (1/7)
Todd McShay's projections
- 4/28: Final seven-round mock draft
- 4/20: Mock Draft 6.0: Team scenarios
- 4/13: NFL Scouts' Mock Draft
- 4/6: Mock Draft 5.0: Newton goes No. 1
- 3/16: Mock Draft 4.0: Dareus goes No. 1
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Scouts Inc.'s draft coverage
- 3/21: Draft Buzz: McShay's draft tools
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- 3/15: Breaking down the talent tiers
- 3/11: Draft Buzz: Pro day notes
- 3/8: Questions remain for Newton, Fairley
- 3/2: CBs, OLB Miller combine winners
- 2/23: Horton: NFC team offseason needs
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- 2/15: Sneaky depth at RB
- 2/14: Three QBs to watch
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- 2/1: All-star risers and fallers
- Polian: Best available NFL free agents
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- McShay: Mariota to Jets in Mock Draft 3.0
- Williamson: Best team fits for top FAs
- Kiper: Ranking top 40 WRs in draft


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Caitlin recently graduated from the Master of Architecture program at Clemson University. She completed her undergraduate studies at Davidson College, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Studio Art and French. Before entering graduate school, Caitlin worked for two years as Marketing Director at William Rawn Associates, Architects in Boston. She also gained professional experience as an intern with McMillan Pazdan Smith Architecture in Charleston, South Carolina for two consecutive summers. At Clemson she was a Graduate Teaching Assistant, teaching Digital Components to undergraduate architecture students. She has studied in Paris, Charleston, and Genoa, Italy. Her work was recently recognized in the international Dow Solar Design To Zero Competition, in which she won second place.
Pazdan-Smith Group (now dba McMillan Pazdan Smith), Charleston, SC, US, Intern
Worked as both a full time summer intern and a student intern, gaining experience in Schematic Design, Design Development, Construction Documents, and Construction Administration. Assisted with model-building, production of marketing materials, presentations, and research.
William Rawn Associates, Architects, Inc., Boston, MA, US, Marketing Coordinator
Responsible for the design and production of marketing collateral, including; proposals, presentation boards, PowerPoint presentations, public relations materials, and other communication efforts for a nationally recognized architecture firm. Worked directly with lead Principals to pursue potential clients, awards and press, handling concurrent assignments under tight deadlines.
Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte NC, Charlotte, NC, US, Intern
Organized lesson plans for local schools, instructed summer arts camp, prepared education literature for docents and self-guided tours, and wrote articles on upcoming exhibits for publication in the "Mint Mirror."
Clemson University, Clemson, SC, US, MArch, Architecture
Studied on the Clemson, Charleston, and Genoa campuses.
Phi Kappa Phi
Henry Adams Medal
Davidson College, Davidson, NC, US, Bachelors, Art
Bachelor of Arts in Studio Art; Minor in French
Studied Art and Architectural History for one semester in Paris
Honor Graduate, Cum Laude
Overall GPA: 3.73; Major GPA: 3.89
Phi Beta Kappa
ACSA Sustainable Lab Competition, 1st Place
The International Sustainable Laboratory Student Design Competition was sponsored by the International Institute for Sustainable Laboratories (I2SL) with the Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) of the U.S. Department of the Interior and in collaboration with the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture and the Joint Institute for Caribbean Marine Studies (JICMS).
Two winners were selected out of 120 submissions. Winning designs will be showcased at the Labs21 2012 Annual Conference, the ACSA 101st Annual Meeting, and at the American Institute of Architects' National Convention.
AIA Henry Adams Medal, Award
Each year The American Institute of Architects awards an engraved medal and certificate of merit to the top-ranking graduating student in each architecture program accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board.
Dow Solar International Design To Zero Competition, 2nd Place
Sponsored by Dow Solar, the competition challenged students to design a building comprising of three connected dwellings; each of the dwellings having active and passive solar technologies to achieve near-zero energy solutions.
Awarded 2nd Place among 131 entries from 19 different countries.
Ray Huff Award For Design Excellence, Clemson University, Award
Awarded to one student per semester for excellence in design.


text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Nancy Reagan | |
First Lady Nancy Reagan in 1983 | |
First Lady of the United States | |
In office January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 | |
President | Ronald Reagan |
Preceded by | Rosalynn Carter |
Succeeded by | Barbara Bush |
First Lady of California | |
In office January 3, 1967 – January 6, 1975 | |
Governor | Ronald Reagan |
Preceded by | Bernice Layne Brown |
Succeeded by | Gloria Saatjian |
Personal details | |
Born | Anne Frances Robbins July 6, 1921 Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. |
Nationality | American |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse(s) | Ronald Reagan (m. 1952; died 2004) |
Relations | Parents: Kenneth Seymour Robbins, Edith Luckett Davis[1][2] adopted by stepfather Loyal Davis |
Children | Patti Davis Ron Reagan |
Alma mater | Smith College (B.A.) |
Occupation | Actress |
Religion | Presbyterian |
Signature |
Nancy Reagan | |
First Lady Nancy Reagan in 1983 | |
First Lady of the United States | |
In office January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 | |
President | Ronald Reagan |
Preceded by | Rosalynn Carter |
Succeeded by | Barbara Bush |
First Lady of California | |
In office January 3, 1967 – January 6, 1975 | |
Governor | Ronald Reagan |
Preceded by | Bernice Layne Brown |
Succeeded by | Gloria Saatjian |
Personal details | |
Born | Anne Frances Robbins July 6, 1921 Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. |
Nationality | American |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse(s) | Ronald Reagan (m. 1952; died 2004) |
Relations | Parents: Kenneth Seymour Robbins, Edith Luckett Davis[1][2] adopted by stepfather Loyal Davis |
Children | Patti Davis Ron Reagan |
Alma mater | Smith College (B.A.) |
Occupation | Actress |
Religion | Presbyterian |
Signature |
Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921) is the widow of the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, and was First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
Although she was born in New York City, her parents divorced and she grew up in Maryland, living with an aunt and uncle for some years. As Nancy Davis, she was an actress in Hollywood in the 1940s and 1950s, starring in films such as Donovan's Brain, Night Into Morning, and Hellcats of the Navy. In 1952, she married Ronald Reagan, who was then president of the Screen Actors Guild, and they had two children. Reagan was the First Lady of California when her husband was Governor from 1967 to 1975, and she began to work with the Foster Grandparents Program.
Nancy Reagan became First Lady of the United States in January 1981 following her husband's election. She was criticized early in his first term largely due to her decision to replace the White House china, despite its being paid for by private donations. Nancy restored a Kennedy-esque glamour to the White House following years of lax formality, and her interest in high-end fashion garnered much attention, as well as criticism. She championed recreational drug prevention causes by founding the "Just Say No" drug awareness campaign, which was considered her major initiative as First Lady. More controversy ensued when it was revealed in 1988 that she, always protective of her husband, had consulted an astrologer to assist in planning the president's schedule after the 1981 assassination attempt on her husband. She had a strong influence on her husband and played a role in a few of his personnel and diplomatic decisions.
The Reagans retired to their home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California in 1989. Nancy devoted most of her time to caring for her ailing husband, diagnosed in 1994 with Alzheimer's disease, until his death in 2004. Nancy Reagan has remained active within the Reagan Library and in politics, particularly in support of embryonic stem cell research.
Anne Frances Robbins was born on July 6, 1921,[3][4] at Manhattan's Sloane Hospital for Women in New York,[5][6] as the only child of car salesman Kenneth Seymour Robbins (1894–1972)[7] and his actress wife, Edith Luckett (1888–1987).[1][2][8] Her godmother was silent-film-star Alla Nazimova.[9] From birth, she was commonly called Nancy.[10]
She lived her first two years in Flushing, Queens, in New York.[11] While her parents divorced soon after her birth, they had already been separated for some time.[10] As her mother traveled the country to pursue acting jobs, Nancy was raised in Bethesda, Maryland for the next six years by her aunt Virginia and uncle Audley Gailbraith.[12] Nancy describes longing for her mother during those years: "My favorite times were when Mother had a job in New York, and Aunt Virgie would take me by train to stay with her."[13]
In 1929, her mother married Loyal Davis (1896–1982), a prominent, politically conservative neurosurgeon who moved the family to Chicago.[3] Nancy and her stepfather got along very well;[14] she would later write that he was "a man of great integrity who exemplified old-fashioned values".[15] He formally adopted her in 1935,[3] and she would always refer to him as her father.[14] At the time of the adoption, her name was legally changed to Nancy Davis.[10] She attended the Girls' Latin School of Chicago (describing herself as an average student), graduated in 1939, and later attended Smith College in Massachusetts, where she majored in English and Drama and graduated in 1943.[8][16]
In 1940, a young Davis had appeared as a National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis volunteer in a memorable short subject shown in movie theaters to raise donations for the crusade against polio. The Crippler featured a sinister figure spreading over playgrounds and farms, laughing over its victims, until finally dispelled by the volunteer. It was very effective in raising contributions.[17]
Following her graduation from college, Davis held jobs in Chicago as a sales clerk in Marshall Field's department store and as a nurse's aide.[8] With the help of her mother's colleagues in theatre, including Zasu Pitts, Walter Huston, and Spencer Tracy,[14] she pursued a career as a professional actress. She first gained a part in Pitts' 1945 road tour of Ramshackle Inn,[3][8] moving to New York City. She landed the role of Si-Tchun, a lady-in-waiting,[18] in the 1946 Broadway musical about the Orient, Lute Song, starring Mary Martin and a pre-stardom Yul Brynner.[8] The show's producer told her, "You look like you could be Chinese."[19]
After passing a screen test,[8] she moved to California and signed a seven-year contract with Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios (MGM) in 1949;[3] she later remarked, "Joining Metro was like walking into a dream world."[20] Her combination of attractive appearance – centered around her large eyes – and somewhat distant and understated manner made her hard at first for MGM to cast and publicize.[21] Davis appeared in eleven feature films, usually typecast as a "loyal housewife,"[22] "responsible young mother," or "the steady woman."[23] Jane Powell, Debbie Reynolds, Leslie Caron, and Janet Leigh were among those that she competed with for roles at MGM.[21]
Davis' film career began with small supporting roles in two films of 1949, The Doctor and the Girl with Glenn Ford and East Side, West Side starring Barbara Stanwyck.[24] She played a child psychiatrist in the film noir Shadow on the Wall (1950) with Ann Sothern and Zachary Scott; her performance was called "beautiful and convincing" by New York Times critic A. H. Weiler.[25] She co-starred in 1950's The Next Voice You Hear..., playing a pregnant housewife who hears the voice of God from her radio. Influential reviewer Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote that "Nancy Davis [is] delightful as [a] gentle, plain, and understanding wife."[26] In 1951, Davis appeared in her favorite screen role,[27] Night Into Morning, a study of bereavement starring Ray Milland. Crowther said that Davis "does nicely as the fiancée who is widowed herself and knows the loneliness of grief,"[28] while another noted critic, The Washington Post's Richard L. Coe, said Davis "is splendid as the understanding widow."[29] MGM released Davis from her contract in 1952;[30] she sought a broader range of parts,[31] but also married Reagan, keeping her professional name as Davis, and had her first child that year.[30] She soon starred in the 1953 science fiction film Donovan's Brain; Crowther said that Davis, playing the role of a possessed scientist's "sadly baffled wife," "walked through it all in stark confusion" in an "utterly silly" film.[32] In her next-to-last movie, Hellcats of the Navy (1957), she played nurse Lieutenant Helen Blair and appeared in a film for the only time with her husband, playing what one critic called "a housewife who came along for the ride."[33] Another reviewer, however, stated that Davis plays her part well, and "does well with what she has to work with."[34]
Author Garry Wills believes that Davis was underrated as an actress overall because her constrained part in Hellcats was her most widely seen performance.[23] In addition, Davis downplayed her Hollywood goals: MGM promotional material in 1949 said that her "greatest ambition" was to have a "successful happy marriage"; decades later, in 1975, she would say, "I was never really a career woman but [became one] only because I hadn't found the man I wanted to marry. I couldn't sit around and do nothing, so I became an actress."[23] Ronald Reagan biographer Lou Cannon nevertheless characterized her as a "reliable" and "solid" performer who held her own in performances with better-known actors.[23] After her final film, Crash Landing (1958), Davis appeared for a brief time as a guest star in television dramas such as Wagon Train and The Tall Man until 1962, when she retired as an actress.[24][35] During her career, Davis served on the board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild for nearly ten years.[36] Decades later, Albert Brooks attempted to coax her out of acting retirement by offering her the title role opposite himself in his 1996 film Mother.[37] She declined in order to care for her husband, and Debbie Reynolds played the part.[37]
During her Hollywood career, Davis dated many actors, including Clark Gable, Robert Stack, and Peter Lawford;[30] she later called Gable the nicest of the stars she had met.[14] On November 15, 1949, she met Ronald Reagan,[38] who was then president of the Screen Actors Guild. Nancy had noticed that her name had appeared on the Hollywood blacklist and sought Reagan's help to maintain her employment as a guild actress in Hollywood, and for assistance in having her name removed from the list.[14] Reagan informed her that she had been confused with another actress of the same name.[14] The two began dating and their relationship was the subject of many gossip columns; one Hollywood press account described their nightclub-free times together as "the romance of a couple who have no vices".[38] Ronald Reagan was skeptical about marriage, however, following his painful 1948 divorce from Jane Wyman, and he still saw other women.[38] After three years of dating, he eventually proposed to Davis in the couple's favorite booth at the Beverly Hills restaurant Chasen's.[38] They married on March 4, 1952 in a simple ceremony designed to avoid the press[39] at the Little Brown Church in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. The only people in attendance were actor William Holden, the best man, and his wife, actress Brenda Marshall, the matron of honor.[38][40] The couple's first child, Patricia Ann Reagan (better known by her professional name, Patti Davis), was born on October 21, 1952. Their son, Ronald Prescott Reagan, was born six years later on May 20, 1958. Nancy Reagan also became stepmother to Maureen Reagan (1941–2001) and Michael Reagan (born 1945), the children of her husband's first marriage to Jane Wyman.
Observers described Ronald and Nancy Reagan's relationship as intimate.[41] As President and First Lady, the Reagans were reported to display their affection frequently, with one press secretary noting, "They never took each other for granted. They never stopped courting."[42][43] Ronald often called Nancy "Mommy"; she called him "Ronnie".[43] While the President was recuperating in the hospital after the 1981 assassination attempt, Nancy Reagan wrote in her diary, "Nothing can happen to my Ronnie. My life would be over."[44] In a letter to Nancy, Ronald wrote, "whatever I treasure and enjoy ... all would be without meaning if I didn't have you."[45] In 1998, while her husband was afflicted with Alzheimer's disease, Nancy told Vanity Fair, "Our relationship is very special. We were very much in love and still are. When I say my life began with Ronnie, well, it's true. It did. I can't imagine life without him."[42] Nancy was known for the focused and attentive look, termed "the Gaze", that she fastened upon her husband during his speeches and appearances.[46] President Reagan's death in June 2004 ended what Charlton Heston called "the greatest love affair in the history of the American Presidency."[42]
Nancy's relationship with her children was not always as close as that with her husband. She frequently quarreled with her biological children and her stepchildren. Her relationship with Patti was the most contentious; Patti flouted American conservatism and rebelled against her parents by joining the nuclear freeze movement and authoring many anti-Reagan books.[47] The nearly 20 years of family feuding left her very much estranged from both her mother and father.[48] Soon after her father was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, Patti and her mother reconciled and began to speak on a daily basis.[49] Nancy's disagreements with Michael were also public matters; in 1984, she was quoted as saying that the two were in an "estrangement right now". Michael responded that Nancy was trying to cover up for the fact she had not met his daughter, Ashley, who had been born nearly a year earlier.[50] They too eventually made peace. Nancy was thought to be closest to her stepdaughter Maureen during the White House years, but each of the Reagan children experienced periods of estrangement from their parents.[42]
Reagan was First Lady of California during her husband's two terms as governor. She disliked living in Sacramento, which lacked the excitement, social life, and mild climate to which she was accustomed in Los Angeles.[51] She first attracted controversy early in 1967, when, after four months' residence in the California Governor's Mansion in Sacramento, she moved her family into a wealthy suburb because fire officials had labeled the mansion as a "firetrap".[52] Though the Reagans leased the new house at their expense,[51] the move was viewed as snobbish. Nancy defended her actions as being for the good of her family, a judgment with which her husband readily agreed.[51][52] Friends of the family later helped support the cost of the leased house, while Nancy Reagan supervised construction of a new ranch-style governor's residence in nearby Carmichael.[53] The new residence was finished just as Ronald Reagan left office in 1975, but his successor, Jerry Brown, refused to live there. It was sold in 1982, and California governors have been living in improvised arrangements ever since.[53]
In 1967, Nancy Reagan was appointed by her husband to the California Arts Commission,[54] and a year later was named Los Angeles Times' Woman of the Year; in its profile, the Times labeled her "A Model First Lady".[55] Her glamour, style, and youthfulness made her a frequent subject for press photographers.[56] As first lady, Reagan visited veterans, the elderly, and the handicapped, and worked with a number of charities. She became involved with the Foster Grandparents Program,[57] helping to popularize it in the United States and Australia.[58] She later expanded her work with the organization after arriving in Washington,[57] and wrote about her experiences in her 1982 book To Love a Child.[59] The Reagans held dinners for former POWs and Vietnam War veterans while governor and first lady.[60]
Governor Reagan's term ended in 1975, and he did not run for a third; instead, he met with advisors to discuss a possible bid for the presidency in 1976, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford. Reagan still needed to convince a reluctant Nancy before running, however.[61] She feared for her husband's health and his career as a whole, though she felt that he was the right man for the job and eventually approved.[62] Nancy took on a more traditional role in the campaign, holding coffees, luncheons, and talks with senior citizens.[62] With that, she oversaw personnel, monitored her husband's schedule, and occasionally provided press conferences.[63] The 1976 campaign included the so-called "battle of the queens", contrasting Nancy with First Lady Betty Ford. They both spoke out over the course of the campaign on similar issues, but with different approaches.[64] Nancy was particularly upset by the warmonger image that the Ford campaign had drawn of her husband.[62]
Though he lost the 1976 Republican nomination, Reagan ran again for the presidency in 1980 and succeeded in winning the nomination and election. During this second campaign, Nancy played a very prominent role and her management of staff became more apparent.[63] She arranged a meeting among feuding campaign managers John Sears and Michael Deaver and her husband, which resulted in Deaver leaving the campaign and Sears being given full control. After the Reagan camp lost the Iowa caucus and fell behind in New Hampshire polls, Nancy organized a second meeting and decided it was time to fire Sears and his associates; she gave Sears a copy of the press release announcing his dismissal.[63] Her influence on her husband became particularly notable; her presence at rallies, luncheons, and receptions increased his confidence.[65]
Nancy Reagan became the First Lady of the United States when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as president in January 1981. Early in her husband's presidency, Reagan stated her desire to create a more suitable "first home" in the White House, as the building had fallen into a state of disrepair following years of neglect.[66] White House aide Michael Deaver described the second and third floor family residence as having "cracked plaster walls, chipped paint [and] beaten up floors";[67] rather than use government funds to renovate and redecorate, she sought private donations.[8] In 1981, Nancy directed a major renovation of several White House rooms, including all of the second and third floors[68] and rooms adjacent to the Oval Office, including the press briefing room.[69] The renovation included repainting walls, refinishing floors, repairing fireplaces, and replacing antique pipes, windows, and wires.[67] The closet in the master bedroom was converted into a beauty parlor and dressing room, and the West bedroom was made into a small gymnasium.[70]
The first lady secured the assistance of renowned interior designer Ted Graber, popular with affluent West Coast social figures, to redecorate the family living quarters.[71] A Chinese-pattern, handpainted wallpaper was added to the master bedroom.[72] Family furniture was placed in the president's private study.[71] The first lady and her designer retrieved a number of White House antiques, which had been in storage, and placed them throughout the mansion.[71]
The extensive redecoration was paid for by private donations.[8][71] Many significant and long-lasting changes occurred as a result of the renovation and refurbishment, of which Nancy Reagan said, "This house belongs to all Americans, and I want it to be something of which they can be proud."[71] The renovations received some criticisms for being funded by tax-deductible donations, meaning some of it eventually did indirectly come from the tax-paying public.[73]
Another of Nancy Reagan's trademarks was her interest in fashion. While her husband was still president-elect, press reports speculated about Nancy's social life and interest in fashion.[74][75][76] In many press accounts, Nancy's sense of style was favorably compared to that of previous First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy.[77] Friends and those close to her remarked that, while fashionable like Kennedy, she would be different from other first ladies; close friend Harriet Deutsch was quoted as saying, "Nancy has her own imprint."[75]
Nancy Reagan's wardrobe consisted of dresses, gowns, and suits made by luxury designers, including James Galanos, Bill Blass and Oscar de la Renta. Her white, hand-beaded, one shoulder Galanos 1981 inaugural gown was estimated to cost $10,000,[78] while the overall price of her inaugural wardrobe was said to cost $25,000.[79] She favored the color red, calling it "a picker-upper", and wore it accordingly.[78] Her wardrobe included red so often that the fire-engine shade became known as "Reagan red".[80] She employed two private hairdressers who would style her hair on a regular basis in the White House.[81]
Fashion designers were pleased with the emphasis Nancy Reagan placed on clothing.[79] Adolfo said the first lady embodied an "elegant, affluent, well-bred, chic American look",[79] while Bill Blass commented, "I don't think there's been anyone in the White House since Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis who has her flair."[79] William Fine, president of cosmetic company Frances Denney, noted that she "stays in style, but she doesn't become trendy."[79]
Though her elegant fashions and wardrobe were hailed as a "glamorous paragon of chic",[79] they were also controversial subjects. In 1982, she revealed that she had accepted thousands of dollars in clothing, jewelry, and other gifts, but defended her actions by stating that she had borrowed the clothes and that they would either be returned or donated to museums,[78][82] and that she was promoting the American fashion industry.[83] Facing criticism, she soon said she would no longer accept such loans.[83] While often buying her clothes, she continued to borrow and sometimes keep designer clothes throughout her time as first lady, which came to light in 1988.[84] None of this had been included on financial disclosure forms;[84] the non-reporting of loans under $10,000 in liability was in violation of a voluntary agreement the White House had made in 1982, while not reporting more valuable loans or clothes not returned was a possible violation of the Ethics in Government Act.[84][85][86] Nancy expressed through her press secretary "regrets that she failed to heed counsel's advice" on disclosing them.[86]
Despite the controversy, many designers who allowed her to borrow clothing noted that the arrangement was good for their businesses[84] as well as for the American fashion industry overall.[87] In 1989, Nancy was honored at the annual gala awards dinner of the Council of Fashion Designers of America, during which she received the council's lifetime achievement award.[88] Barbara Walters said of her, "She has served every day for eight long years the word 'style.'"[88]
Approximately a year into her husband's first term, Nancy Reagan explored the idea of ordering new state china service for the White House.[89] A full china service had not been purchased since the Truman administration in the 1940s, as only a partial service was ordered in the Johnson administration.[89] She was quoted as saying, "The White House really badly, badly needs china."[89] Working with Lenox, the primary porcelain manufacturer in America, the first lady chose a design scheme of a red with etched gold band, bordering the scarlet and cream colored ivory plates with a raised presidential seal etched in gold in the center.[89] The full service comprised 4,370 pieces, with 19 pieces per individual set.[89] The service totaled $209,508.[90] Although it was paid for by private donations, some from the private Knapp Foundation, the purchase generated quite a controversy, for it was ordered at a time when the nation was undergoing an economic recession.[91]
The new china, White House renovations, expensive clothing, and her attendance at the wedding of Charles and Diana, Prince and Princess of Wales,[92] gave her an aura of being "out of touch" with the American people during an economic recession.[8] This and her taste for splendor inspired the derogatory nickname "Queen Nancy".[8] While Jacqueline Kennedy had also faced some press criticism for her spending habits, Reagan's treatment was much more consistent and negative.[77] In an attempt to deflect the criticism, she self-deprecatingly donned a baglady costume at the 1982 Gridiron Dinner and sang "Second-Hand Clothes", mimicking the song "Second-Hand Rose".[93] The skit helped to restore her reputation.[94]
Nancy Reagan reflected on the criticisms in her 1989 autobiography, My Turn. Reagan describes lunching with former Democratic National Committee chairman Robert Strauss, wherein Strauss said to her, "When you first came to town, Nancy, I didn't like you at all. But after I got to know you, I changed my mind and said, 'She's some broad!'" Nancy responded, "Bob, based on the press reports I read then, I wouldn't have liked me either!"[95]
After the presidencies of Gerald Ford (who favored the Michigan fight song over "Hail to the Chief") and Jimmy Carter (who dramatically reduced the formality of presidential functions), Nancy brought a Kennedy-esque glamour back into the White House.[78][96] She hosted 56 state dinners over eight years, compared to six by George and Laura Bush.[97] She remarked that hosting the dinners is "the easiest thing in the world. You don't have to do anything. Just have a good time and do a little business. And that's the way Washington works."[97] In 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev became the first Soviet leader to visit Washington, D.C. since Nikita Khrushchev in 1959, and Nancy Reagan was in charge of planning and hosting the important and highly anticipated state dinner.[98] After the meal, Nancy recruited pianist Van Cliburn to sing a rendition of "Moscow Nights" for the Soviet delegation, to which Mikhail and Raisa broke out into song.[99] Former Secretary of State George Shultz commented on the evening, saying "We felt the ice of the Cold War crumbling."[100] Nancy concluded, "It was a perfect ending for one of the great evenings of my husband's presidency."[101]
Nancy Reagan launched the "Just Say No" drug awareness campaign in 1982, which was her primary project and major initiative as first lady.[8] Nancy first became aware of the need to educate young people about drugs during a 1980 campaign stop in Daytop Village, New York.[102] She remarked in 1981 that "Understanding what drugs can do to your children, understanding peer pressure and understanding why they turn to drugs is ... the first step in solving the problem."[102] Her campaign focused on drug education and informing the youth of the danger of drug abuse.[102]
In 1982, Nancy Reagan was asked by a schoolgirl what to do when offered drugs; Nancy responded "Just say no."[103][104] The phrase proliferated in the popular culture of the 1980s and was eventually adopted as the name of club organizations and school anti-drug programs.[8] Reagan became actively involved by traveling more than 250,000 miles (400,000 km) throughout the United States and several nations, visiting drug abuse prevention programs and drug rehabilitation centers. She also appeared on television talk shows, recorded public service announcements, and wrote guest articles.[8] She appeared in an episode of the hit television drama Dynasty to underscore support for the anti-drug campaign. As she continued to promote "Just Say No", she appeared in an episode of the popular 1980s sitcom Diff'rent Strokes[105] and in a 1985 rock music video, "Stop the Madness".[106] When asked about her campaign, the first lady remarked, "If you can save just one child, it's worth it."[107]
In 1985, Nancy expanded the campaign to an international level by inviting the First Ladies of various nations to the White House for a conference on drug abuse.[8] On October 27, 1986, President Reagan signed a drug enforcement bill into law, which granted $1.7 billion in funding to fight the crisis and ensured a mandatory minimum penalty for drug offenses.[108] Although the bill was criticized by some, Nancy Reagan considered it a personal victory.[8] In 1988, she became the first First Lady invited to address the United Nations General Assembly, where she spoke on international drug interdiction and trafficking laws.[8]
Critics of Reagan's efforts questioned their purpose[109] and argued that the program did not go far enough in addressing many social issues, including unemployment, poverty, and family dissolution;[109] Nancy's approach to promoting drug awareness was labeled as simplistic by liberal critics.[66] Nonetheless, a number of "Just Say No" clubs and organizations remain in operation around the country, and they aim to educate children and teenagers about the effects of drugs.[102]
Nancy Reagan assumed the role of unofficial "protector" for her husband after the attempted assassination on his life in 1981.[110] On March 30 of that year, President Reagan and three others were shot as they left the Washington Hilton Hotel. Nancy was alerted and arrived at George Washington University Hospital, where the President was hospitalized. She recalled having seen "emergency rooms before, but I had never seen one like this—with my husband in it."[111] She was escorted into a waiting room, and when granted access to see her husband, he quipped to her, "Honey, I forgot to duck", borrowing the defeated boxer Jack Dempsey's jest to his wife.[112]
An early example of her protective nature occurred when Senator Strom Thurmond entered the President's hospital room that day in March, passing the Secret Service detail by claiming he was the President's "close friend", presumably to acquire media attention.[113] Nancy was outraged and demanded he leave.[44] While the president recuperated in the hospital, the first lady slept with one of his shirts to be comforted by the scent.[44] When Reagan was released from the hospital on April 12, she escorted him back to the White House.
Press accounts framed Nancy as her husband's "chief protector", an extension of their general initial framing of her as a helpmate and a Cold War domestic ideal.[114]
Nancy stated in her memoirs, "I felt panicky every time [Ronald] left the White House"[115] following the assassination attempt, and made it her concern to know her husband's schedule: the events he would be attending, and with whom.[8] Eventually, this protectiveness led to her consulting an astrologer, Joan Quigley, who offered insight on which days were "good", "neutral", or should be avoided, which influenced her husband's White House schedule.[116] Days were color-coded according to the astrologer's advice to discern precisely which days and times would be optimal for the president's safety and success.[8] The White House Chief of Staff, Donald Regan, grew frustrated with this regimen, which created friction between him and the First Lady. This escalated with the revelation of the Iran-Contra affair, an administration scandal, in which the First Lady felt Regan was damaging the president.[117] She thought he should resign, and expressed this to her husband although he did not share her view. Regan wanted President Reagan to address the Iran-Contra matter in early 1987 by means of a press conference, though Nancy refused to allow Reagan to overexert himself due to a recent prostate surgery and astrological warnings.[118] Regan became so angry with Nancy that he hung up on her during a 1987 telephone conversation. According to former ABC News correspondent Sam Donaldson, when the President heard of this treatment, he demanded—and eventually received—Regan's resignation.[119] In his 1988 memoirs, Regan wrote about Nancy's consultations with the astrologer, the first public mention of them, which resulted in embarrassment for the First Lady.[120] Nancy later wrote, "Astrology was simply one of the ways I coped with the fear I felt after my husband almost died... Was astrology one of the reasons [further attempts did not occur]? I don't really believe it was, but I don't really believe it wasn't."[121]
Nancy Reagan wielded a powerful influence over President Reagan.[122] Again stemming from the assassination attempt, she strictly controlled access to the president and even occasionally attempted to influence her husband's decision making.[122][123]
Beginning in 1985, Nancy strongly encouraged her husband to hold "summit" conferences with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev, and suggested they form a personal relationship beforehand.[8] Both Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev had developed a productive relationship through their summit negotiations. The relationship between Nancy Reagan and Raisa Gorbachev was anything but the friendly, diplomatic one between their husbands; Nancy found Raisa hard to converse with and their relationship was described as "frosty".[124] The two women usually had tea, and discussed differences between the USSR and the United States. Visiting the U.S. for the first time in 1987, Raisa irked Reagan with lectures on subjects ranging from architecture to socialism, reportedly prompting the American President's wife to quip, "Who does that dame think she is?"[125]
Press framing of Nancy changed from that of just helpmate and protector to someone with hidden power.[126] As the image of her as a political interloper grew, she sought to explicitly deny that she was the power behind the throne.[126] At the end of her time as First Lady, however, she said that her husband had not been well-served by his staff.[126][127] She acknowledged her role in reaction in influencing him on personnel decisions, saying "In no way do I apologize for it."[127] She wrote in her memoirs, "I don't think I was as bad, or as extreme in my power or my weakness, as I was depicted,"[128] but went on, "[H]owever the first lady fits in, she has a unique and important role to play in looking after her husband. And it's only natural that she'll let him know what she thinks. I always did that for Ronnie, and I always will."[129]
In October 1987, a mammogram detected a lesion in Nancy Reagan's left breast and she was subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer. She chose to undergo a mastectomy rather than a lumpectomy[130] and the breast was removed on October 17, 1987. Ten days after the operation, her mother, Edith Luckett Davis, died in Phoenix, Arizona, leading Nancy to dub the period "a terrible month".[131]
After the surgery, more women across the country had mammograms, an example of the influence the First Lady possessed.[132]
Though Nancy was a controversial First Lady, 56 percent of Americans had a favorable opinion of her when her husband left office on January 20, 1989, with 18 percent having an unfavorable opinion and the balance not giving an opinion.[133] Compared to fellow First Ladies when their husbands left office, Reagan's approval was higher than those of Rosalynn Carter and Hillary Rodham Clinton, however she was less popular than Barbara Bush and her disapproval rating was double that of Carter's.[133]
Upon leaving the White House, the couple returned to California, where they purchased a home in the wealthy East Gate Old Bel Air neighborhood of Bel Air, Los Angeles,[134][135] dividing their time between Bel Air and the Reagan Ranch in Santa Barbara, California; Ronald and Nancy regularly attended Bel Air Presbyterian Church as well.[136] After leaving Washington, Nancy made numerous public appearances, many on behalf of her husband. She continues to reside at the Bel Air home, where she lived with her husband until his death on June 5, 2004.[137]
In late 1989, the former First Lady established the Nancy Reagan Foundation, which aimed to continue to educate people about the dangers of substance abuse.[138] The Foundation teamed with the BEST Foundation For A Drug-Free Tomorrow in 1994, and developed the Nancy Reagan Afterschool Program. She continued to travel around the nation, speaking out against drug and alcohol abuse. After President Reagan revealed that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1994, she made herself his primary caregiver and became actively involved with the National Alzheimer's Association and its affiliate, the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute in Chicago, Illinois.[8]
" | Ronnie's long journey has finally taken him to a distant place where I can no longer reach him.[122] | " |
—Nancy Reagan, May 2004 |
Also in 1989 she published My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan, which gives an account of her life in the White House, speaking openly about her influence within the Reagan administration and discussing the myths and controversies that surrounded the couple.[139] In 1991, the controversial author Kitty Kelley wrote an unauthorized and largely uncited biography about Nancy Reagan, repeating accounts of a poor relationship with her children and introducing rumors of alleged sexual relations with singer Frank Sinatra. A wide range of sources commented that Kelley's largely unsupported claims are most likely false.[140][141][142][143]
In 1989 the Internal Revenue Service began investigating the Reagans for whether they owed additional tax on the gifts and loans of high-fashion clothes and jewelry to Nancy during their time in the White House[144] (recipients benefiting from the display of such items recognize taxable income even if they are returned).[144] In 1992 the IRS determined the Reagans had failed to include some $3 million worth of fashion items between 1983 and 1988 on their tax returns;[145] they were billed for a large amount of back taxes and interest, which was subsequently paid.[145]
Nancy Reagan was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, by President George W. Bush on July 9, 2002.[146] President Reagan received his own Presidential Medal of Freedom in January 1993. Nancy and her husband were jointly awarded the Congressional Gold Medal on May 16, 2002 at the Capitol, and were only the third President and First Lady to receive it; she accepted the medal on behalf of both of them.[147]
Ronald Reagan died in their Bel Air home on June 5, 2004.[137] During the seven-day state funeral, Nancy, accompanied by her children and military escort, led the nation in mourning[148] by keeping a strong composure,[149] traveling from her home to the Reagan Library for a memorial service, then to Washington, D.C., where her husband's body lay in state for 34 hours prior to a national funeral service in the Washington National Cathedral.[150] She returned to the library in California for a sunset memorial service and interment, where, overcome with emotion, she lost her composure, crying in public for the first time during the week.[149][151] After accepting the folded flag, she kissed the casket and mouthed "I love you" before leaving.[152] Journalist Wolf Blitzer said of Reagan during the week, "She's a very, very strong woman, even though she looks frail."[153]
She had directed the detailed planning of the funeral,[149] including ordering all the major events and asking former President George H. W. Bush as well as former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney to speak during the National Cathedral Service.[149] She paid very close attention to the details, something she had always done in her husband's life. Betsy Bloomingdale, one of Reagan's closest friends, stated, "She looks a little frail. But she is very strong inside. She is. She has the strength. She is doing her last thing for Ronnie. And she is going to get it right."[149] The funeral marked her first major public appearance since delivering a speech to the 1996 Republican National Convention on her husband's behalf.[149]
The funeral had a great impact on Reagan's public image. Following substantial criticism during her tenure as first lady, she was seen somewhat as a national heroine, praised by many for supporting and caring for her husband while he suffered from Alzheimer's disease.[122] U.S. News & World Report opined, "after a decade in the shadows, a different, softer Nancy Reagan emerged."[154]
Reagan has remained active in politics, particularly relating to stem cell research. Beginning in 2004, she favored what many consider to be the Democratic Party's position, and urged President George W. Bush to support federally funded embryonic stem cell research in the hope that this science could lead to a cure for Alzheimer's disease.[155] Although she failed to change the president's position, she did support his campaign for a second term.[156]
In 2005, Reagan was honored at a gala dinner at the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington, D.C. where guests included Dick Cheney, Harry Reid and Condoleezza Rice.[157] It was her first major public appearance since the funeral. Asked what her plans were, Reagan shook her head and responded, "I don't know. I'll know when I'll know. But the [Reagan] library is Ronnie, so that's where I spend my time."[157]
In 2007, she attended the national funeral service for Gerald Ford in the Washington National Cathedral. Nancy Reagan hosted two 2008 Republican Presidential Candidates Debates at the Reagan Presidential Library, the first in May 2007 and the second in January 2008. While she did not participate in the discussions, she sat in the front row and listened as the men vying to become the nation's 44th president claimed to be a rightful successor to her husband.[158][159][160] Though some speculation arose as to whether Reagan might support New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg in a presidential bid,[161][162] nothing came of it. She formally endorsed Senator John McCain, then the presumptive Republican party nominee, for president on March 25.[163]
She attended the funeral of Lady Bird Johnson in Austin, Texas on July 14, 2007[164] and three days later accepted the highest Polish distinction, the Order of the White Eagle, on behalf of Ronald Reagan at the Reagan Library. The Reagan Library opened the temporary exhibit "Nancy Reagan: A First Lady's Style", which displayed over eighty designer dresses belonging to the first lady.[165][166]
Nancy Reagan's health and well-being became a prominent concern in 2008. In February she suffered a fall at her Bel Air home and was taken to St. John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California. Doctors reported that she did not break her hip as feared and she was released from the hospital two days later.[167] News commentators noted that Reagan's step had slowed significantly, as the following month she walked in very slow strides with John McCain.[168] NBC's Brian Williams, who attended a dinner with Reagan in mid-2008, recalled, "Mrs. Reagan's vision isn't what it always was so she was taking very halting steps as a lot of folks her age do... [I]t is so important for folks in her age bracket and in her bracket of life to remain upright and captain of their own ship. She very much is captain of her own ship."[168] As for her mental ability, Williams remarked, "She's as sharp as ever and enjoys a robust life with her friends in California, but [falling] is always a danger of course. She's a very stoic, hardy person full of joy and excitement for life... She is not without opinions on politics and political types these days... She is, as most of her friends described her, a pistol."[168]
In October 2008, Reagan was admitted to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center after falling at home. Doctors determined that the 87-year-old had fractured her pelvis and sacrum and could recuperate at home with a regimen of physical therapy.[169] As a result of her mishap, medical articles were published containing information on how to prevent falls.[170][171] In January 2009, Reagan was said to be "improving every day and starting to get out more and more."[172]
In March 2009 she praised President Barack Obama for reversing the ban on federally funded embryonic stem cell research.[173] She traveled to Washington, D.C. in June 2009 to unveil a statue of her late husband in the Capitol rotunda.[174] She was also on hand as President Obama signed the Ronald Reagan Centennial Commission Act and lunched privately with Michelle Obama.[175] Nancy revealed in an interview with Vanity Fair that Michelle Obama had telephoned her for advice on living and entertaining in the White House.[176] Following the August 2009 death of Senator Edward M. Kennedy, she said she was "terribly saddened ... Given our political differences, people are sometimes surprised how close Ronnie and I have been to the Kennedy family. ... I will miss him."[177] She attended the funeral of Betty Ford in Rancho Mirage, California, on July 12, 2011.[178]
Reagan hosted a 2012 Republican presidential debate at the Reagan Presidential Library on September 7, 2011.[179][180] Her representative said that she suffered a fall in March 2012.[181] Two months later, she recovered from several broken ribs, which prevented her from attending a speech given by Paul Ryan in the Reagan Presidential Library in May 2012; her spokesperson said, "Mrs. Reagan has been recovering slowly and has been adding a few appointments back on to her schedule, but was advised by her doctor today not to try and attend large events too far from home just yet."[181] She endorsed Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney on May 31, 2012, explaining that her husband would have liked Romney's business background and what she called "strong principles".[179] Following the April 2013 death of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, she said that, "The world has lost a true champion of freedom and democracy. ...Ronnie and I knew her as a dear and trusted friend, and I will miss her."[182]
She also made a number of television appearances from 1953 through 1962, as a guest star in dramatic shows or installments of anthology series.[35] These included The Ford Television Theatre (her first appearance with Ronald Reagan came during a 1953 episode titled "First Born"), Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, Wagon Train, The Tall Man, and General Electric Theater (hosted by Ronald Reagan).
...in Oakland where a schoolchild in an audience Nancy was addressing stood up and asked what she and her friends should say when someone offered them drugs. And Nancy said, "Just say no." And within a few months thousands of Just Say No clubs had sprung up in schools around the country.
Mrs. Reagan was all upset, of course. He said that Senator [Strom] Thurmond had come over to the hospital and had talked his way in, past the lobby, up to the President's room—he's in intensive care, tubes coming out of his nose and his throat, tubes in his arms and everything—and said that Strom Thurmond had talked his way past the secret service into his room and Mrs. Reagan was outraged, distraught. She couldn't believe her eyes. He said, 'You know, those guys are crazy. They come over here trying to get a picture in front of the hospital and trying to talk to the President when he may be on his deathbed.
In 1991, The New York Times published a front-page story on Kelley's biography of Nancy Reagan — and then apologized for repeating some of its salacious charges without attempting to verify them.
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Honorary titles | ||
Preceded by Rosalynn Carter | First Lady of the United States 1981–1989 | Succeeded by Barbara Bush |
United States order of precedence (ceremonial) | ||
Preceded by Ambassadors to the United States (in order of tenure) | United States order of precedence Widowed Former First Lady | Succeeded by Ministers of foreign powers |
Preceded by Otherwise Ban Ki-moon as Secretary-General of the United Nations | Succeeded by Otherwise Antonin Scalia as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court |


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Translate this page Sixth-grader named finalist in national science and engineering competitionFriday, August 30th, 2013 Issue 35, Volume 17.
Krystal Horton will be going on an all-expenses-paid trip to Washington, D.C., during the weekend of Sept. 28 to participate in the Broadcom Masters Science and Engineering Competition. The Menifee Valley Middle School student advanced to the final round after competing in a field of 300 semifinalists and 1,695 applicants for the 2013 challenge, according to organizers. Krystal was one of five students from throughout California to make it into the last part of the series. "Congratulations to the 30 Advertisement Sixteen boys and 14 girls from 17 states will be competing in the nations capital from Sept. 28-Oct. 1. Their presentations will focus on a variety of topics, including how to digitally recreate smells, design a rocket and use advanced math to negotiate agreements. While in D.C., the youths will tour the U.S. Capitol and visit other locations, culminating in a dinner at the Carnegie Institution on the night of Oct. 1. 0 comments Be the first to share your opinion on this article!
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