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Tan Ruikuan
Junior Member
How do i make a great and short lovestory? p.s: I only have 2 hours to write it p.s.s: i do not have any experiences about love... ( ._.)
sammich kek
Senior Member
2-3 paragraphs of anything with "and they lived happily ever after" at the end.
What if your life is lame and not very interesting at all?
I do not actually have any experiences
This is for my "homework" p.s i cant pick a different subject
beetween how do i start the first sentences and how do i end the last sentences?


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The prestigious award goes to Francois Englert and Peter Higgs, who a half-century ago independently proposed what became the Higgs boson, discovered in 2012.
Timey-wimey, wibbly-wobbly: scientists reckon satellites and dead stars could hold the key to the mystery of dark matter.
Three researchers helped revolutionize lighting with vastly better energy efficiency and brightness. The light-emitting diodes also are used in data storage, TVs and smartphones.
Commentary: When a TV sitcom points out the downfalls of overtweeting, dwindling attention spans and the habit of talking in hashtags, should we laugh or learn from it?
In a preface to a new book, the famed physicist fears the Higgs Boson becoming unstable and causing a "catastrophic vacuum decay." But how likely is that really?
In one of the best song covers we have ever heard, period, a YouTube superstar performs Nena's 1983 single "99 Luftballons" using nothing but red balloons.
Researchers can't say for certain that a particle they discovered is the so-called "God particle," but the information they have "strongly indicates" it is.
A Fermilab theoretical physicist suggests that qualities of the "God particle" show an "alternate" universe could easily "spread out and destroy us."
Representative for CERN talks in the video about observation of "a new particle" described as one of the biggest discoveries in decades.
Made by a PhD student and set in CERN, Switzerland, Decay is a full length zombie film that you can download for free.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Woodsman Tavern |
Mini- Empire of the Year |
Picca |
"I will tell you how many influences Peruvian food has," says Ricardo Zarate, chef of the cramped, crowded, and wildly popular Picca. "When I was a boy, we always celebrated Christmas with panettone. It wasn't until I went to Italy that I realized it wasn't Peruvian."
Foodies in America have for years awaited the triumphant arrival of Peruvian cuisine, long ago designated the next big dining trend. Until Picca came along, only ceviche—raw fish marinated in citrus juice—had made notable inroads. Picca offers ceviche, of course. It's inevitable on a menu with more than fifty items. The selection of dishes, almost all small, reveals the multitude of influences in the Peruvian larder: Spanish, African, French, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese. A fantastic dish was tuna tartare with avocado and lemon-soy dressing, so fresh it practically floated off the plate. Zarate called it pure Peruvian, a play on ceviche. He modernizes such Peruvian classics as anticuchos (brochettes) and causas (potato cakes). The most perfectly executed anticucho featured small, sweet scallops, and my favorite causa was topped with spicy yellowtail.
Picca's success can be measured by the number of items that emerge daily from its undersized kitchen. Although the dining room seats not even one hundred customers and is open only for dinner, on some nights more than a thousand plates of food are served.
Dessert of the Year |
The Catbird Seat |
Four nights a week, seven courses, two chefs, and twenty seats around a single chef's table. It's not what you expect in Nashville, but chefs Erik Anderson and Josh Habiger met in 2006 at Alinea, the Chicago temple of culinary innovation, and devised a plan "to bring Nashville a really fuckin' awesome restaurant." In October, that's what they did.
"The Lyonnaise salad at Maude's Liquor Bar in Chicago is out of control. I would eat that every day if I could."
—Josh Habiger
The Catbird Seat is perched above The Patterson House, Nashville's finest cocktail joint, and stands out as a hybrid of highbrow cooking and chilled-out southern charm. To salute Nashville's famous hot chicken (a local specialty of fried bird doused in hot sauce), the boys came up with a chile-flake-coated chip of chicken skin that packs all the crunchy lusciousness of southern fried chicken in a single bite. A plate of vanilla-bean cake and charred-oak ice cream is scattered with glistening balls that look like salmon roe but are really made of Bulleit bourbon. The drinks are just as inventive, but even more intoxicating is the vibe behind the chef's table while Anderson and Habiger work, finishing each other's dishes and sentences. It feels like you wound up with two totally sweet roommates who just happen to be world-class chefs.


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Solange - Cash In
Cash In Solange
One of Solange's contributions to her new "Saint Heron" compilation, written, arranged and produced by Solange herself and co-produced by Tim Anderson. Hit the iTunes link to cop it.
Listen to Cash In , the latest track from Solange. The cut dropped on Saturday, November 16th, 2013. Solange's future brightens with every new release, and Cash In certainly isn't an exception. It's a fitting addition to a solid catalogue that Solange has been developing since stepping foot in the game. We're excited to hear more.
If you're down, make sure to visit Solange's profile page for the newest info, news, songs, and mixtapes. Have you checked out Solange's Twitter pages?
Quotable Lyrics
"We don't need a love affair
Listen to the sounds of this despair
We don't need to lay in bed
Waking up from place to place
We don't need to pay our rent
Listen to the sounds of this right here
We don't gotta pave our way
We can live from place to place"


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What's Trending Online: 8/20
A possible NSYNC reunion, LeBron James' instagram post that launched a police investigation, and a college freshman scores free tuition on the first day of school!
Stars With Multiple Network & Syndicated TV Hits
Syndication in the TV industry is the process of selling shows to local stations in various markets around the country. It is, for many stations, their lifeblood for existence.
Dick Van Dyke will receive the Screen Actors Guild's highest honor — the Life Achievement Award. The 86-year-old entertainer will receive the honor at the annual ceremony in January.


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Shenru Restaurant
Last updated by peggie at 2014/11/3
Shenru Restaurant, founded in 2006, is a new and famous restaurant in Zhangye City. The main specialties in the restaurant are Sichuan Cuisine and local food. Sichuan Cuisine there is authentic and delicious as well as local food. The restaurant can dine 200 people at the same time. Because of its high quality of service and acceptable price, the restaurant gets its good reputation among customers.
Top Things to Do in Zhangye
Zhangye Danxia Landform spreads over between Linze County… >> details
Overview The Mati Temple grotto is in Sunan, in the G… >> details
Overview The Shandan Horse Ranch is located in Qilaia… >> details
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Dell Home offers the 12-lb. Dell Alienware 18 Intel Haswell Core i7 2.5GHz 18.4" 1080p Laptop for $2,199.99. Coupon code "27PLW7D7VFL7L3" cuts the price to $2,139.99. With free shipping, that's a $60 drop from five days ago, $960 off list, and the lowest total price we've seen for this laptop with two 4GB GPUs. It features an Intel Haswell Core i7-4710MQ 2.5GHz quad-core processor, 18.4" 1920x1080 (1080p) LED-backlit LCD, 16GB RAM, 1TB hard drive w/ 80GB SSD, DVD burner, dual AMD Radeon R9 M290X 4GB cards w/ CrossFire support, 802.11ac wireless, Bluetooth 4.0, 8-cell battery, and Windows 8.1 64-bit.
Of note, it's also available with 8GB of RAM and Windows 7 for $2,199.99 before the above coupon, $2,139.99 after. That's the lowest total price we could find by $294.


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Repetitive motion results in longest work absences
March 30, 2004
Repetitive motion, such as grasping tools, scanning groceries, and typing, resulted in the longest absences from work among the leading events and exposures in 2002—a median of 23 days.
The next longest median absence in 2002 (14 days) was due to falls to lower levels, followed by fires and explosions, and transportation accidents (12 days each). Falls on the same level had a median of 9 days.
Note: Effective January 1, 2002, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) revised its requirements for recording occupational injuries and illnesses. These revised recordkeeping requirements include new rules for counting that rely on calendar days instead of workdays. This change affects the calculation of median days away from work and thus makes the data non-comparable with prior years.
These data are from the BLS Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities program. Additional information is available from "Lost-worktime Injuries and Illnesses: Characteristics and Resulting Time Away From Work, 2002" (PDF) (TXT), news release USDL 04-460.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Repetitive motion results in longest work absences on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2004/mar/wk5/art02.htm (visited March 06, 2015).
Three recent editions of Spotlight on Statistics
Housing: before, during, and after the Great Recession
looks at consumer expenditures on household items, employment in residential construction, prices for household items, and injuries in occupations involved in building and maintaining our homes. -
Women veterans in the labor force examines the demographic, employment, and unemployment characteristics of women veterans.
BLS Statistics by Occupation provides an overview of occupational employment and wages with an emphasis on STEM jobs and occupational data by typical entry-level education required.


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Welcome to my weekly freebie post.. this is were I post free items and samples I find during the week... If you are new here or if you just need to catch up then you can find my Freebies posted on my Freebie Friday link....
This week I haven't had the time to search for Free Samples but I do have a bunch of Free Kindle books to post for everyone to enjoy..... Have a wonderful weekend everyone.
Every Last Kiss (The Bloodstone Saga) by Courtney Cole (Apr 21, 2011) - Kindle eBook
A Brooding Beauty (Wedded Women Quartet) by Jillian Eaton (Feb 14, 2012) - Kindle eBook
Protecting Rose by Cheryl Yeko (Dec 15, 2011) - Kindle eBook
The Bog Witch by Robin Star (Nov 8, 2012) - Kindle eBook
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A Simplified Tumor Regression Grade Correlates with Survival in Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
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Locally advanced rectal cancer is frequently treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to reduce local recurrence and possibly improve survival. The tumor response to chemoradiotherapy is variable and may influence the prognosis after surgery. This study assessed tumor regression and its influence on survival in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy followed by curative surgery.
One hundred twenty-six patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (T3/T4 or N1/N2) were treated with chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision. Patients received long-course radiotherapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions) in combination with 5-flourouracil over 5 weeks. By means of a standardized approach, tumor regression was graded in the resection specimen using a 3-point system related to tumor regression grade (TRG): complete or near-complete response (TRG1), partial response (TRG2), or no response (TRG3).
The 5-year disease-free survival was 72% (median follow-up 37 months), and 7% of patients had local recurrence. Chemoradiotherapy produced downstaging in 60% of patients; 21% of patients experienced TRG1. TRG1 correlated with a pathological T0/1 or N0 status. Five-year disease-free survival after chemoradiotherapy and surgery was significantly better in TRG1 patients (100%) compared with TRG2 (71%) and TRG3 (66%) (P = .01).
Tumor regression grade measured on a 3-point system predicts outcome after chemoradiotherapy and surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer.
- Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2006. CA Cancer J Clin 2006; 56:106–30. CrossRef
- Cancer Facts and Figures 2002. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society
- Adam IJ, Mohamdee MO, Martin IG, et al. Role of circumferential margin involvement in the local recurrence of rectal cancer. Lancet 1994; 344:707–11. CrossRef
- Quirke P, Durdey, Dixon MF, et al. Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet 1986; 1:996–8
- Balslev I, Pedersen M, Teglbjaerg PS, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy in Dukes B and C carcinoma of rectum and recto-sigmoid. A randomized multicenter study. Cancer 1986; 58:22–8. CrossRef
- Heald RJ, Ryall RDH. Recurrence and survival after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 1986; 28:1479–82. CrossRef
- Glimelius B. Radiotherapy in rectal cancer. Br Med Bull 2002; 64:141–57. CrossRef
- Gerald A, Buyse M, Nordlinger B, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment in rectal cancer. Final results of a randomized study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Ann Surg 1988; 208:606–14. CrossRef
- Stockholm Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Preoperative short-term radiation therapy in operable rectal carcinoma. A prospective randomized trial. Cancer 1990; 66:49–55. CrossRef
- Stockholm Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Randomized study on preoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 1996; 3:423–30. CrossRef
- Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:980–7. CrossRef
- Guillem J, Chessin D, Cohen A, et al. Long-term oncologic outcome following preoperative combined modality therapy and total mesorectal excision of locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Surg 2005; 241:829–38. CrossRef
- Osti MF, Valeriani M, Masoni L, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced carcinoma of the rectum. Tumori 2004; 90:303–9.
- Wheeler JM, Warren BF, Mortensen NJ, et al. Quantification of histological regression of rectal cancer after irradiation: a proposal for a modified staging system. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45:1051–6. CrossRef
- Habr-Gama A, de Souza PM, Ribeiro U Jr, et al. Low rectal cancer: impact of radiation and chemotherapy on surgical treatment. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41:1087–96. CrossRef
- Hiotis SP, Weber SM, Cohen AM, et al. Assessing the predictive value of clinical complete response to neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: an analysis of 488 patients. J Am Coll Surg 2002; 194:131–5. CrossRef
- Mandard AM, Dalibard F, Mandard JC et al. Pathologic assessment of tumour regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy of oesophageal carcinoma. Clinicopathologic correlations. Cancer 1994; 73:2680–6. CrossRef
- Ryan R, Gibbons D, Hyland JMP, et al. Pathological response following long-course neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Histopathology 2005; 47:141–6. CrossRef
- Wang LM, Sheahan K. Pathological assessment of post-treatment gastrointestinal and hepatic resection specimens. Curr Diag Pathol 2007; 13:222–31. CrossRef
- Dworak O, Keilholz L, Hoffmann A. Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy. Int J Colorectal Dis 1997; 12:19–23. CrossRef
- Bouzorenne H, Bosman FT, Seelentag W, et al. Importance of tumour regression assessment in predicting the outcome in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma who is treated with preoperative radiotherapy. Cancer 2002; 94:1121–30. CrossRef
- Suarez J, Vera R, Balen E, et al. Pathologic response assessed by Mandard grade is a better prognostic factor than down staging for disease-free survival after preoperative radiochemotherapy for advanced rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2007; 10:563–8. CrossRef
- Kuo LJ, Liu MC, Jian J, et al. Is final TNM staging a predictor for survival in locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation therapy? Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:2766–72. CrossRef
- Quah HM, Chou JF, Gonen M, et al. Pathologic stage is most prognostic of disease-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiation. Cancer 2008; 113:57–64. CrossRef
- Capirci C, Valentini V, Cionini L, et al. Prognostic value of pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: long term analysis of 566 ypCR patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 72:99–107.
- Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, et al. Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal cancer following chemoradiation therapy- long term results. Ann Surg 2004; 240:711–7.
- Capirci C, Rubello D, Chierichetti F, et al. Restaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma: role of F18-FDG PET. Biomed Pharmacother 2004; 58:451–7.
- Stipa F, Zernecke A, Moore HG, et al. Residual mesorectal lymph node involvement following neo-adjuvant combined modality therapy: rationale for radical resection? Ann Surg Oncol 2004; 11:187–91. CrossRef
- Hughes R, Glynne-Jones R, Grainger J, et al. Can pathological response in the primary tumour following pre-operative pelvic chemoradiotherapy for T3-T4 rectal cancer predict for sterilisation of pelvic lymph nodes, a low risk of recurrence and the appropriateness of local excision? Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21:11–7. CrossRef
- Lindebjerg J, Garm Spindler K, Ploen J, et al. The prognostic value of lymph node metastases and tumour regression grade in rectal cancer patients treated with long-course preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Colorectal Dis (in press). doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01599.x
- Birgisson H, Pahlman L, Gunnarson U, et al. Adverse effects of preoperative radiation therapy for rectal cancer: long term follow-up of the Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:8697–705. CrossRef
- Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Preoperative irradiation followed by surgery vs. surgery alone in respectable rectal carcinoma- postoperative morbidity and mortality in a Swedish multicentre trial. Br J Surg 1993; 80:1333–6. CrossRef
- Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CAM, Nagtegaal ID. Preoperative radiotherapy in combination with total mesorectal excision improves local control in resectable rectal cancer. Report from a multicentre randomised trial. For the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group and other cooperative investigators. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:638–46. CrossRef
- Marijinen CA, van de Velde CJ, Putter H, et al. Impact of short term preoperative radiotherapy on health-related quality of life and sexual functioning in primary rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomised trial. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:1847–58. CrossRef
- Baxter N, Hartman LK, Tepper JE, et al. Postoperative irradiation for rectal cancer increases the risk of small bowel obstruction after surgery. Ann Surg 2007; 245:553–9. CrossRef
- Pollack J, Holm T, Cedermark B, et al. Late adverse effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2006; 93:1519–25. CrossRef
- Kobayashi H, Hashiguchi Y, Ueno H, et al. Absence of cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression is a predictor of tumour regression in rectal cancer treated with preoperative short-term chemoradiotherapy. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50:1354–62. CrossRef
- Willet CG, Hagan M, Daley W, et al. Changes in tumour proliferation of rectal cancer induced by preoperative 5-fluorouracil and irradiation. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41:62–7. CrossRef
- Bertolini F, Bengala C, Losi L, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of baseline and post treatment molecular marker expression in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 68:1455–61.
- Smith FM, Gallagher WM, Fox E, et al. Combination of SELDI-TOF-MS and data mining provides early-stage response prediction for rectal tumours undergoing multimodal neoadjuvant therapy. Ann Surg 2007; 245:259–66. CrossRef
- Title
- A Simplified Tumor Regression Grade Correlates with Survival in Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
- Journal
Annals of Surgical Oncology
Volume 15, Issue 12 , pp 3471-3477
- Cover Date
- 2008-12-01
- 10.1245/s10434-008-0149-y
- Print ISSN
- 1068-9265
- Online ISSN
- 1534-4681
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- D. Beddy FRCS (1)
- J. M. P. Hyland FRCSI (1)
- D. C. Winter FRCSI (1)
- C. Lim MB (1)
- A. White (1)
- M. Moriarty MRCPI (1)
- J. Armstrong MRCPI (1)
- D. Fennelly MRCPI (1)
- D. Gibbons MRCPI (1)
- K. Sheahan MRCPI (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland


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Local High School Student Overcomes Struggles With ADD To Become Debate Team Champion
Nick Craft found his way on the debate and speech teams at Pasadena's Maranatha High School and has overcome his learning challenges to become a champion.
LAUSD Debuts Administrative Suites At Roybal Learning Center
Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) officials joined students, staff, elected officials, members of the community Tuesday to debut a new district facility.
Kiwi Crate Offers Monthly Craft Projects For Kids!
Sandra Oh Lin, founder of Kiwi Crate, stopped by KCAL9 Wednesday to show viewers crafts that are designed for kids to encourage curiosity, exploration and creativity.
GRAMMY Camp 2012 To Be Held In Los Angeles, New York and Nashville
The GRAMMY Foundation recently announced that GRAMMY Camp, its signature music industry camp for U.S. high school students, will take place in Los Angeles, Nashville and New York this summer.


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Here's a refreshing, solutions-oriented infographic from Chapel Hill-based national education policy and consulting firm Public Impact in conjunction with Column Five media. In many ways it is centrally an edtech issue, really—and here's a close-up of the tech component (click on it to get to the whole picture).
Trends | Infographic: Extending the Reach of Excellent Teachers
This entry was posted in trends and tagged Column Five media, Extending the Reach of Excellent Teachers, Public Impact consulting firm, Remote Teaching, teacher shortages, Time-Technology Swaps. Bookmark the permalink.


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Exclusively listed by Lori Price - Oertwich
Call (402) 371-3700 for More Information
Breathtaking views of Willow Lake! Prestige building sites located among premier quality homes already constructed in the development. Lots range in size from 4-6 acres, all with walkout basement potential! All with a view!Covenants and homeowner association in place. Absolutely one of the nicest home sites in Northeast NE!
Learn more about this property
Lot Features Water View
Lot Size Approximately 2443716 Square Feet
Tax Amount $336.48


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R&B artist Alesha Dixon has confirmed that she has a new album in the works.
The leggy 33-year-old British songstress admitted that although she has been ''taking risks'' on the record, she's been so busy with other work projects, that she's struggled to wrap up the album.
''Juggling things has been a bit tricky,'' Dixon told Metro. ''I like spending a solid amount of time in the studio, which has been difficult with all the various projects but I'm still recording and writing. For me, it's a case of coming out with something I love, without any pressure, on my own terms.''
When quizzed over what to expect from the forthcoming LP, the former Mis-teeq member explained,
''I like being a bit different and taking risks. 'Boy Does Nothing' and 'Drummer Boy' weren't the kind of record people might have expected me to release.
''I don't want to follow what other people are doing, I want to make records I love,'' she added.
The Britain's Got Talent judge recently teamed up with singer Ashley Walters for his new single 'Your Love,' which is penned for release on October 14.
Discussing her decision to work with her ex-husband's former band member, she said: "I've known Ashley for a long time and I loved the song. He's written a genuine, heart-felt record and I had a great time recording it."
Popdash Meets.....Alesha Dixon!
You can keep up to date with all the latest news from PopDash by following us on Twitter and liking us on Facebook.


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Tuscany Villas Rotorua Heritage Boutique
Tuscany Villas is one of Rotorua's finest Accommodation Providers, centrally situated with comfortable and tastefully furnished suites. Relax in your deep, spacious spa pool or double spa bath. FREE internet access - cable or Wifi . Ceiling fans in all rooms. All our units have kitchenettes with microwaves, and some have hotplates. Relax in our spacious, private self-fill spa pools or in a double spa bath. Corporate guests and tourists appreciate the FREE high speed internet, workstations, cooked or continental breakfasts delivered to the suites and charge-back and delivery meals offered by many local restaurants. We are within walking distance to the CBD and central to the many varied attractions Rotorua has to offer. Tuscany Villas in located next to the Rotorua Racecourse and close to the Rotorua Golf Course.
- Business Facilities
- Car Parking: Onsite
- Guest Laundry
- Tourdesk
- Check-In Time: 2:00pm
- Check-Out Time: 10:00am
- Credit Cards Accepted
- Spa
- Non-Smoking Rooms
- Drycleaning
- Conference Facilities
- DVD Player Available
- Cot & Highchairs
- Limited Reception Hours
- City/town maps available
- Property is WIFI
- Private Spa
- Wheelchair Accessible
- Satellite/Cable Television
- Stereo Available
- Pets Not Accepted
- Children welcome (see individual room types)
- Child rates apply (see individual room types)
- Infant Highchair available at no cost
- Non Secure On Site Parking
- Infant cot charges apply
- Housekeeping Service
- Meeting Rooms Available
- Laundry
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280 Fenton Street Rotorua North Island New Zealand |
Phone: | 07 348 3500 |
Reservations: | |
Fax: | +64 7 348 4600 |
Email: | firstname.lastname@example.com |
Room Availability
(Move the mouse over each rate to see all room options)


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- HSC Financial Aid
- Ohio Board of Regents
- U.S. Dept of Education
- Federal Student Guide
- Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
- Registrar's Office
- Treasurer's Office
Contact Us
Main Campus
2801 W. Bancroft St.
Mail Stop 314
Phone: 419.530.8700
Fax: 419.530.5835
Federal Stafford Student Loan Program (Subsidized)
Eligibility - A student must be enrolled or accepted for enrollment at least half-time in an eligible institution of higher education and must be a U.S. citizen, U.S. national or a permanent resident. The student must also be making satisfactory academic progress and demonstrate financial need for consideration. In addition, the student must not be in default on any Title IV loans or owe a repayment on any Title IV funds. Males who are at least 18 years of age must be registered with the Selective Service Agency.Maximum Amount - Graduate and professional students may borrow up to $8500 per academic year to an aggregate maximum amount of $65,500 including all undergraduate Stafford/GSL loans. A loan may not exceed the cost of education less resources.
Interest - The interest rate, currently, is fixed at 6.8%. Interest begins to accrue from the moment the funds are disbursed, however, the interest is paid by the Federal Government during periods of Grace and Deferment.
Grace Period - Students have a six month grace period after they are no longer enrolled half-time at an eligible institution before repayment begins unless the six month grace period has already been used by the student.
Deferment - Repayment of the loan can be deferred for students who meet any of the following conditions:
- enrolled at least half-time at an eligible institution,
- pursuing a course of study in an approved graduate fellowship program or approved rehabilitation training program for disabled individuals excluding a medical internship or residency program,- is unable to find full-time employment (maximum of 3 years),
- is suffering from an economic hardship (maximum of 3 years),
- is engaged in service eligible for loan cancellation (e.g. full-time nurse or medical technician, full-time employee of a public or private nonprofit child or family service agency who is providing or supervising the provision of services to high-risk children and their families from low-income communities).
Note: Students who have an outstanding balance on a Stafford/GSL Loan as of July 1, 1993, will retain the deferments
originally provided for in their promissory note which includes a two-year residency deferment.
Insurance/Guarantee Fee
- An origination fee(maximum 2%) if applicable, will be deducted from each disbursement. The University of Toledo Foundation's
Stafford Loan program pays the origination fee for the borrower. A guarantee fee (1%) is waived by most guarantors.
- Funds are electronically transferred to the school from the lender/servicer in equal installments based on the number of semester terms in
the loan period. The Student Financial Aid Office will verify the student's eligibility upon receipt of the funds. A notice
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begins six months after the student is no longer enrolled at least half-time and may be made up to a ten-year period. Several
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are available to students.


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Sunday School
To assist your growth in Christ, Southview offers Sunday School classes for all ages. At 11:00am each Sunday following our Worship Service, we offer classes that welcome everyone from infants through great-grandparents. Children's classes are graded in two-year increments. Adult classes are grouped by decade or topical study. Nursery is always provided.
In addition to our main 11:00am classes, we offer one 8:15 empty-nesters class without childcare.
Rooted in God's Word, the Bible, all our Sunday School classes encourage growing more like Christ and exercising those values in our daily lives. Bible study, prayer, fellowship, and service are all parts of our Sunday School. Sunday morning is just the start, however, as our classes have fellowships & service projects throughout the year.
To discover the latest class details, contact us or call the office.


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i platinumed this game a week or so ago. if anyone wants the save just pm me.Sponsored Links
Sponsored Links | Sponsored Links |
i platinumed this game a week or so ago. if anyone wants the save just pm me.Sponsored Links
Thank you so much pr0p0sitionJOE waiting for for more fixes like DOA 5 and Dishonoured.Sponsored Links
main article now, and also added your site to your post so people stop cluttering up this thread asking about it.I have added this to the
TESTED is WORKING with dongle 355v2 and KMEAW 355 !!!
thanks Windrider, thanks Patrick Batman
fix 355 for sleeping dogs and darksider2, please
Hi pr0p0sitionJOE, first thanx for your fix.
Any infos on how to get your fix to work with the US (BLUS30855) version of this game ? Or is this not possible ?
Best regards,
Let me compare patches. If identical, many of decrypted patches work on both regions when patches fixed. I will resign and you can test for BLUS.
Thanks propJoe for your fix. Your fix is always clean and superior, that's undeniable Now is DOA5 or Lollipop Chainsaw on the way? Need some eye candy after tense gaming in RE6 ^_*


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Seattle Waterfront Homes
Real Estate on Seattle's waterfront is as multifaceted as the people of the Puget Sound. Lake Union houseboats, Lake Washington luxury homes, and Alki Beach-front condos all have their own unique attributes. Learn more about the Seattle waterfront's history, current market trends, and unconventional quirks in the Seattle waterfront homes blog.
Monthly Archive for May, 2010
Contemporary Architecture on Magnolia's Ship Canal Waterfront – 3756 W Commodore Way, Seattle WA 98199
This late 1990′s built home on the ship canal in Magnolia combines waterfront living with contemporary comfort in the home.
[Read More]
Is "Brain City" Ready For a Real Estate Comeback?
Seattle's economy has been ranked #1 and Kiplinger's now ranks it #2 as a city for the next decade.
[Read More]
Lytle Mansion on Mercer Island to be Auctioned–$12 Million Minimum Bid
The Lytle Mansion on Mercer Island's northern waterfront will be auctioned this summer. 1631 Roanoake Way, Mercer Island WA 98040
[Read More]
New Construction With a Northwest Feel on Mercer Island's Waterfront – 4458 Ferncroft Rd, Mercer Island WA 98040
This Ferncroft new construction home on Mercer Island's Lake Washington waterfront is a beautifully-designed Northwest contemporary craftsman.
[Read More]
Viewing the Locks from Land's End Magnolia Waterfront Real Estate – 5422 39th Ave W, Seattle WA 98199
This home on the ship canal in Magnolia has one of the best local views of the canal and the Hiram M. Chittenden locks.
[Read More]
Seattle Home Sales Stay Strong in April
April real estate sales in Seattle continued on the same trend as March, with solid sales and big increases vs. 2009.
[Read More]
Seabrook's Ultimate Beach House – Waterfront Living on Washington's Coast
Seabrook's Ultimate Beach House is a new construction home on the Pacific Ocean, just South of Pacific Beach WA.
[Read More]
Seabrook WA on the Ocean – Waterfront Vacation Destination for Seattle Area Residents
Seabrook WA is a new planned community on the Pacific Ocean, about a 2.5 hour drive from Seattle.
[Read More]
Spacious Mercer Island Waterfront – 5404 96th Ave SE, Mercer Island WA 98040
This large home on Mercer Island's Eastern shore has ample waterfront and boat moorage.
[Read More]
Waterfront Real Estate Development in Seattle and King County – Piers/Docks/Buoys/Structures
Development of waterfront structures in Seattle and King County requires following permit guidelines from multiple agencies
[Read More]
Show More


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micoach is all you need to get the results you want.
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Once your order has been placed, it immediately starts going through our ordering process. While you can't change the order you've just placed, you can return any products you don't want by following our Return Policy. If you want to order something new, you may place a new order online or feel free to call our online shop customer service team and let the advisor know what products you are interested in purchasing.
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More info about Marine conservation
at www.protectplanetocean.org
Please take this quick survey so we can better understand how Protected Planet is used.
XHey friend, could you provide us a wikipedia URL with a good description of this protected area?
Please, be sure that you are suggesting an english language wikipedia URL (http://en.wiki....)
mark it as wrongTransferring data
Coordinates: 57°49′N 8°35′W / 57.817°N 8.583°W / 57.817; -8.583
St Kilda (Scottish Gaelic: Hiort) is an isolated archipelago 64 kilometres (40 mi) west-northwest of North Uist in the North Atlantic Ocean. It contains the westernmost islands of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The largest island is Hirta, whose sea cliffs are the highest in the United Kingdom, and three other islands (Dùn, Soay and Boreray) were also used for grazing and seabird hunting. The islands are administratively a part of the Comhairle nan Eilean Siar local authority area.
The origin of the name St Kilda is a matter of conjecture. The islands' human heritage includes numerous unique architectural features from the historic and prehistoric periods, although the earliest written records of island life date from the Late Middle Ages. The medieval village on Hirta was rebuilt in the 19th century, but the influences of religious zeal, illnesses brought by increased external contacts through tourism, and the First World War all contributed to the island's evacuation in 1930. The story of St Kilda has attracted artistic interpretations, including an opera.
St Kilda may have been permanently inhabited for at least two millennia, the population probably never exceeding 180 (and certainly no more than 100 after 1851). The entire remaining population was evacuated from Hirta (the only inhabited island) in 1930. Currently, the only year-round residents are defence personnel; a variety of conservation workers, volunteers and scientists spend time there in the summer months.
The entire archipelago is owned by the National Trust for Scotland. It became one of Scotland's five World Heritage Sites in 1986 and is one of the few in the world to hold joint status for its natural and cultural qualities. Parties of volunteers work on the islands in the summer to restore the many ruined buildings that the native St Kildans left behind. They share the island with a small military base established in 1957.
Two different early sheep types have survived on these remote islands, the Soay, a Neolithic type, and the Boreray, an Iron Age type.
The islands are a breeding ground for many important seabird species including Northern Gannets, Atlantic Puffins, and Northern Fulmars. The St Kilda Wren and St Kilda Field Mouse are endemic subspecies.
No saint is known by the name of Kilda, and various theories have been proposed for the word's origin, which dates from the late 16th century. Haswell-Smith (2004) notes that the full name St Kilda first appears on a Dutch map dated 1666, and that it may have been derived from Norse sunt kelda ("sweet wellwater") or from a mistaken Dutch assumption that the spring Tobar Childa was dedicated to a saint. (Tobar Childa is a tautological placename, consisting of the Gaelic and Norse words for well, i.e., "well well").Martin Martin, who visited in 1697, believed that the name "is taken from one Kilder, who lived here; and from him the large well Toubir-Kilda has also its name".
Maclean (1972) similarly suggests it may come from a corruption of the Old Norse name for the spring on Hirta, Childa, and states that a 1588 map identifies the archipelago as Kilda. He also speculates that it may refer to the Culdees, anchorites who may have brought Christianity to the island, or be a corruption of the Gaelic name for the main island of the group, since the islanders tended to pronounce r as l, and thus habitually referred to the island as Hilta. Steel (1988) adds weight to the idea, noting that the islanders pronounced the H with a "somewhat guttural quality", making the sound they used for Hirta "almost" Kilta. Similarly, St Kilda speakers interviewed by the School of Scottish Studies in the 1960s show individual speakers using t-initial forms, leniting to /h/, e.g. ann an t-Hirte ([ˈan̪ˠən̪ˠ ˈtʰʲirˠʃt̪ʲə]) and gu Hirte ([kə ˈhirˠʃt̪ʲə]).
Maclean (1972) further suggests that the Dutch may have simply made a cartographical error, and confused Hirta with Skildar, the old name for Haskeir island much nearer the main Outer Hebrides archipelago. Quine (2000) hypothesises that the name is derived from a series of cartographical errors, starting with the use of the Old Icelandic Skildir ("shields") and appearing as Skildar on a map by Nicholas de Nicolay (1583). This, so the hypothesis goes, was transcribed in error by Lucas J. Waghenaer in his 1592 charts without the trailing r and with a period after the S, creating S.Kilda. This was in turn assumed to stand for a saint by others, creating the form that has been used for several centuries, St Kilda.
The origin of Hirta, which long pre-dates St Kilda, is similarly open to interpretation. Martin (1703) avers that "Hirta is taken from the Irish Ier, which in that language signifies west". Maclean offers several options, including an (unspecified) Celtic word meaning "gloom" or "death", or the Scots Gaelic h-Iar-Tìr ("westland"). Drawing on an Icelandic saga describing an early 13th-century voyage to Ireland that mentions a visit to the islands of "Hirtir", he speculates that the shape of Hirta resembles a stag, (Hirtir meaning "stags" in Norse). Steel (1998) quotes the view of Reverend Neil Mackenzie, who lived there from 1829 to 1844, that the name is derived from the Gaelic Ì Àrd ("high island"), and a further possibility that it is from the Norse Hirt ("shepherd"). In a similar vein, Murray (1966) speculates that the Norse Hirðö, pronounced 'Hirtha' ("herd island"), may be the origin. All the names of and on the islands are fully discussed by Coates (1990).
The islands are composed of Tertiary igneous formations of granites and gabbro, heavily weathered by the elements. The archipelago represents the remnants of a long-extinct ring volcano rising from a seabed plateau approximately 40 metres (130 ft) below sea level.
At 670 hectares (1,700 acres) in extent, Hirta is the largest island in the group and comprises more than 78% of the land area of the archipelago. Next in size are Soay (English: "sheep island") at 99 hectares (240 acres) and Boreray ('the fortified isle'), which measures 86 hectares (210 acres). Soay is 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) north-west of Hirta, Boreray 6 kilometres (4 mi) to the northeast. Smaller islets and stacks in the group include Stac an Armin ('warrior's stack'), Stac Lee ('grey stack') and Stac Levenish ('stream' or 'torrent'). The island of Dùn ('fort'), which protects Village Bay from the prevailing southwesterly winds, was at one time joined to Hirta by a natural arch. MacLean (1972) suggests that the arch was broken when struck by a galleon fleeing the defeat of the Spanish Armada, but other sources, such as Mitchell (1992) and Fleming (2005), provide the more credible (if less romantic) explanation that the arch was simply swept away by one of the many fierce storms that batter the islands every winter.
The highest point in the archipelago, Conachair ('the beacon') at 430 metres (1,410 ft), is on Hirta, immediately north of the village. In the southeast is Oiseval ('east fell'), which reaches 290 metres (950 ft), and Mullach Mòr ('big hill summit') 361 metres (1,185 ft) is due west of Conachair. Ruival ('red fell') 137 metres (449 ft) and Mullach Bi ('pillar summit') 358 metres (1,175 ft) dominate the western cliffs. Boreray reaches 384 metres (1,260 ft) and Soay 378 metres (1,240 ft). The extraordinary Stac an Armin reaches 196 metres (643 ft), and Stac Lee, 172 metres (564 ft), making them the highest sea stacks in Britain.
In modern times, St Kilda's only settlement was at Village Bay (Scottish Gaelic: Bàgh a' Bhaile or Loch Hiort) on Hirta. Gleann Mòr on the north coast of Hirta and Boreray also contain the remains of earlier habitations. The sea approach to Hirta into Village Bay suggests a small settlement flanked by high rolling hills in a semicircle behind it. This is misleading. The whole north face of Conachair is a vertical cliff up to 427 metres (1,401 ft) high, falling sheer into the sea and constituting the highest sea cliff in the UK.
The archipelago is the site of many of the most spectacular sea cliffs in the British Isles. Baxter and Crumley (1988) suggest that St Kilda: "...is a mad, imperfect God's hoard of all unnecessary lavish landscape luxuries he ever devised in his madness. These he has scattered at random in Atlantic isolation 100 miles from the corrupting influences of the mainland, 40 miles west of the westmost Western Isles. He has kept for himself only the best pieces and woven around them a plot as evidence of his madness."
Although 64 kilometres (40 mi) from the nearest land, St Kilda is visible from as far as the summit ridges of the Skye Cuillin, some 129 kilometres (80 mi) distant. The climate is oceanic with high rainfall, 1,400 millimetres (55 in), and high humidity. Temperatures are generally cool, averaging 5.6 °C (42.1 °F) in January and 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) in July. The prevailing winds, especially strong in winter, are southerly and southwesterly. Wind speeds average 13 kilometres per hour (8.1 mph) approximately 85 percent of the time and more than 24 kilometres per hour (15 mph) more than 30 percent of the time. Gale force winds occur less than 2 percent of the time in any one year, but gusts of 185 kilometres per hour (115 mph) and more occur regularly on the high tops, and speeds of 209 kilometres per hour (130 mph) have occasionally been recorded near sea level. The tidal range is 2.9 metres (9.5 ft), and ocean swells of 5 metres (16 ft) frequently occur, which can make landings difficult or impossible at any time of year. The oceanic location protects the islands from snow, which lies for only about a dozen days per year.
The archipelago's remote location and oceanic climate are matched in the UK only by a few smaller outlying islands such as the Flannan Isles, North Rona, Sula Sgeir, and the Bishop's Isles at the southern edge of the Outer Hebrides. Administratively, St Kilda was part of the parish of Harris in the traditional county of Inverness-shire. Today it is incorporated in the Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Western Isles) unitary authority.
On the inaccessible island of Soay are sheep of a unique type, which lived as feral animals and belonged to the owner of the islands, not to the islanders. These Soay sheep are believed to be remnants of the earliest sheep kept in Europe in the Neolithic, and are small, short-tailed, usually brown with white bellies, and have naturally moulting fleeces. About 200 Soay sheep remain on Soay itself, and soon after the evacuation a second feral population of them was established on Hirta, which at that time had no sheep; these now number between 600 and 1,700. A few Soays have been exported to form breeding populations in other parts of the world, where they are valued for their hardiness, small size and unusual appearance. On Hirta and Soay, the sheep prefer the Plantago pastures, which grow well in locations exposed to sea spray and include red fescue (Festuca rubra), Sea Plantain (Plantago maritima) and Sea Pink (Armeria maritima).
The St Kildans kept up to 2,000 of a different type of sheep on the islands of Hirta and Boreray. These were a Hebridean variety of the Scottish Dunface, a primitive sheep probably similar to those kept throughout Britain during the Iron Age. At the time of the evacuation all the islanders' sheep were removed from Hirta, but those on Boreray were left to become feral, and these are now regarded as a breed in their own right, the Boreray. The Boreray is one of the rarest British sheep, and is one of the few remaining descendants of the Dunface (although some Scottish Blackface blood was introduced in the nineteenth century).
Yet another kind of sheep has an association with St Kilda. This is a black, two-horned or four-horned breed previously known as the "St Kilda" sheep, but now known as the Hebridean. It was probably derived from Dunface sheep from elsewhere in the Hebrides, including North Uist. It was widely kept in parks in mainland Scotland and England in the 19th century; it is not known why the St Kilda name became attached to it.[citation needed]
St Kilda is a breeding ground for many important seabird species. One of the world's largest colony of Northern Gannets, totalling 30,000 pairs, amount to 24 percent of the global population. There are 49,000 breeding pairs of Leach's Petrels, up to 90 percent of the European population; 136,000 pairs of Atlantic Puffins, about 30 percent of the UK total breeding population, and 67,000 Northern Fulmar pairs, about 13 percent of the UK total. Dùn is home to the largest colony of Fulmars in Britain. Prior to 1828, St Kilda was their only UK breeding ground, but they have since spread and established colonies elsewhere, such as Fowlsheugh. The last Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis) seen in Britain was killed on Stac an Armin in July 1840. Unusual behaviour by St Kilda's Bonxies was recorded in 2007 during research into recent falls in the Leach's Petrel population. Using night vision gear, ecologists observed the skuas hunting petrels at night, a remarkable strategy for a seabird.
Two wild animal taxa are unique to St Kilda: the St Kilda Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes hirtensis), which is a subspecies of the Eurasian Wren, and a subspecies of Wood Mouse known as the St Kilda Field Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus hirtensis). A third taxon endemic to St Kilda, a subspecies of House Mouse known as the St Kilda House Mouse (Mus musculus muralis), vanished completely after the departure of human inhabitants, as it was strictly associated with settlements and buildings. It had a number of traits in common with a sub-species (Mus musculus mykinessiensis) found on Mykines island in the Faroe Islands. The Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) now breeds on Hirta but did not do so before the 1930 evacuation.
The St Kilda Dandelion (Taraxacum pankhurstianum) is an endemic species of dandelion, identified in 2012.
The archipelago's isolation has resulted in a lack of biodiversity. Only 58 species of butterfly and moth occur on the islands, compared to 367 recorded on the Western Isles. Plant life is heavily influenced by the salt spray, strong winds and acidic peaty soils. No trees grow on the archipelago, although there are more than 130 different flowering plants, 162 species of fungi and 160 bryophytes. Several rarities exist amongst the 194 lichen species. Kelp thrives in the surrounding seas, which contain a diversity of unusual marine invertebrates.
The beach at Village Bay is unusual in that its short stretch of summer sand recedes in winter, exposing the large boulders on which it rests. A survey of the beach in 1953 found only a single resident species, the crustacean isopod Eurydice pulchra.
Most modern commentators feel that the predominant theme of life on St Kilda was isolation. When Martin Martin visited the islands in 1697, the only means of making the journey was by open boat, which could take several days and nights of rowing and sailing across the ocean and was next to impossible in autumn and winter. In all seasons, waves up to 12 metres (39 ft) high lash the beach of Village Bay, and even on calmer days landing on the slippery rocks can be hazardous. Separated by distance and weather, the natives knew little of mainland and international politics. After the Battle of Culloden in 1746, it was rumoured that Prince Charles Edward Stuart and some of his senior Jacobite aides had escaped to St Kilda. An expedition was launched, and in due course British soldiers were ferried ashore to Hirta. They found a deserted village, as the St Kildans, fearing pirates, had fled to caves to the west. When the St Kildans were persuaded to come down, the soldiers discovered that the isolated natives knew nothing of the prince and had never heard of King George II either.
Even in the late 19th century, the islanders could communicate with the rest of the world only by lighting a bonfire on the summit of Conachair and hoping a passing ship might see it, or by using the "St Kilda mailboat". The mailboat was the invention of John Sands, who visited in 1877. During his stay, a shipwreck left nine Austrian sailors marooned there, and by February supplies were running low. Sands attached a message to a lifebuoy salvaged from the Peti Dubrovacki and threw it into the sea. Nine days later it was picked up in Birsay, Orkney, and a rescue was arranged. The St Kildans, building on this idea, would fashion a piece of wood into the shape of a boat, attach it to a bladder made of sheepskin, and place in it a small bottle or tin containing a message. Launched when the wind came from the north-west, two-thirds of the messages were later found on the west coast of Scotland or, less conveniently, in Norway.
Another significant feature of St Kildan life was the diet. The islanders kept sheep and a few cattle and were able to grow a limited amount of food crops such as barley and potatoes on the better-drained land in Village Bay; in many ways the islands can be seen as large mixed farm. Samuel Johnson reported that in the 18th century sheep's milk was made "into small cheeses" by the St Kildans. They generally eschewed fishing because of the heavy seas and unpredictable weather. The mainstay of their food supplies was the profusion of island birds, especially gannet and fulmar. These they harvested as eggs and young birds and ate both fresh and cured. Adult puffins were also caught by the use of fowling rods. This feature of island life came at a price. When Henry Brougham visited in 1799 he noted that "the air is infected by a stench almost insupportable – a compound of rotten fish, filth of all sorts and stinking seafowl". An excavation of the Taigh an t-Sithiche (the "house of the faeries" – see below) in 1877 by Sands unearthed the remains of gannet, sheep, cattle and limpets amidst various stone tools. The building is between 1,700 and 2,500 years old, which suggests that the St Kildan diet had changed little over the millennia. Indeed the tools were recognised by the St Kildans, who could put names to them as similar devices were still in use.
These fowling activities involved considerable skills in climbing, especially on the precipitous sea stacks. An important island tradition involved the 'Mistress Stone', a door-shaped opening in the rocks north-west of Ruival over-hanging a gully. Young men of the island had to undertake a ritual there to prove themselves on the crags and worthy of taking a wife. Martin Martin wrote:
In the face of the rock, south from the town, is the famous stone, known by the name of the mistress-stone; it resembles a door exactly; and is in the very front of this rock, which is twenty or thirty fathom [120 to 180 feet (37 to 55 m)] perpendicular in height, the figure of it being discernible about the distance of a mile; upon the lintel of this door, every bachelor-wooer is by an ancient custom obliged in honour to give a specimen of his affection for the love of his mistress, and it is thus; he is to stand on his left foot, having the one half of his sole over the rock, and then he draws the right foot further out to the left, and in this posture bowing, he puts both his fists further out to the right foot; and then after he has performed this, he has acquired no small reputation, being always after it accounted worthy of the finest mistress in the world: they firmly believe that this achievement is always attended with the desired success.This being the custom of the place, one of the inhabitants very gravely desired me to let him know the time limited by me for trying of this piece of gallantry before I design'd to leave the place, that he might attend me; I told him this performance would have a quite contrary effect upon me, by robbing me both of my life and mistress at the same moment.
Another important aspect of St Kildan life was the daily 'Parliament'. This was a meeting held in the street every morning after prayers and attended by all the adult males during the course of which they would decide upon the day's activities. No one led the meeting, and all men had the right to speak. According to Steel (1988), "Discussion frequently spread discord, but never in recorded history were feuds so bitter as to bring about a permanent division in the community". This notion of a free society influenced Enric Miralles' vision for the new Scottish Parliament Building, opened in October 2004.
Whatever the privations, the St Kildans were fortunate in some respects, for their isolation spared them some of the evils of life elsewhere. Martin noted in 1697 that the citizens seemed "happier than the generality of mankind as being almost the only people in the world who feel the sweetness of true liberty", and in the 19th century their health and well being was contrasted favourably with conditions elsewhere in the Hebrides. Theirs was not a utopian society; the islanders had ingenious wooden locks for their property, and financial penalties were exacted for misdemeanours. Nonetheless, no resident St Kildan is known to have fought in a war, and in four centuries of history, no serious crime committed by an islander was recorded there.
It has been known for some time that St Kilda was continuously inhabited for two millennia or more, from the Bronze Age to the 20th century. Recently, the first direct evidence of earlier Neolithic settlement emerged—shards of pottery of the Hebridean ware style, found to the east of the village. The subsequent discovery of a quarry for stone tools on Mullach Sgar above Village Bay led to finds of numerous stone hoe-blades, grinders and Skaill knives in the Village Bay cleitean—unique stone storage buildings (see below). These tools are also probably of Neolithic origin.
The first written record of St Kilda may date from 1202 when an Icelandic cleric wrote of taking shelter on "the islands that are called Hirtir". Early reports mentioned finds of brooches, an iron sword and Danish coins, and the enduring Norse place names indicate a sustained Viking presence on Hirta, but the visible evidence has been lost. The first English language reference is from the late 14th century, when John of Fordun mentioned 'the isle of Irte, which is agreed to be under the Circius and on the margins of the world'. The islands were historically part of the domain of the MacLeods of Harris, whose steward was responsible for the collection of rents in kind and other duties. The first detailed report of a visit to the islands dates from 1549, when Donald Munro suggested that: "The inhabitants thereof ar simple poor people, scarce learnit in aney religion, but M'Cloyd of Herray, his stewart, or he quhom he deputs in sic office, sailes anes in the zear ther at midsummer, with some chaplaine to baptize bairnes ther."
Despite the chaplain's best efforts, the islanders' isolation and dependence on the bounty of the natural world meant their philosophy bore as much relationship to Druidism as it did to Christianity until the arrival of Rev. John MacDonald in 1822. Macauley (1764) reported the existence of five druidic altars, including a large circle of stones fixed perpendicularly in the ground near the Stallir House on Boreray.
Coll MacDonald of Colonsay raided Hirta in 1615, removing 30 sheep and a quantity of barley. Thereafter, the islands developed a reputation for abundance. At the time of Martin's visit in 1697 the population was 180 and the steward travelled with a "company" of up to 60 persons to which he "elected the most 'meagre' among his friends in the neighbouring islands, to that number and took them periodically to St. Kilda to enjoy the nourishing and plentiful, if primitive, fare of the island, and so be restored to their wonted health and strength."
Visiting ships in the 18th century brought cholera and smallpox. In 1727, the loss of life was so high that too few residents remained to man the boats, and new families were brought in from Harris to replace them. By 1758 the population had risen to 88 and reached just under 100 by the end of the century. This figure remained fairly constant from the 18th century until 1851, when 36 islanders emigrated to Australia on board the Priscilla, a loss from which the island never fully recovered. The emigration was in part a response to the laird's closure of the church and manse for several years during the Disruption that created the Free Church of Scotland.
One factor in the decline was thus the influence of religion. A missionary called Alexander Buchan came to St Kilda in 1705, but despite his long stay, the idea of organised religion did not take hold. This changed when Rev. John MacDonald, the "Apostle of the North", arrived in 1822. He set about his mission with zeal, preaching 13 lengthy sermons during his first 11 days. He returned regularly and raised funds on behalf of the St Kildans, although privately he was appalled by their lack of religious knowledge. The islanders took to him with enthusiasm and wept when he left for the last time eight years later. His successor, who arrived on 3 July 1830, was Rev. Neil Mackenzie, a resident Church of Scotland minister who greatly improved the conditions of the inhabitants. He reorganised island agriculture, was instrumental in the rebuilding of the village (see below) and supervised the building of a new church and manse. With help from the Gaelic School Society, MacKenzie and his wife introduced formal education to Hirta, beginning a daily school to teach reading, writing and arithmetic and a Sunday school for religious education.
Mackenzie left in 1844, and although he had achieved a great deal, the weakness of the St Kildans' dependence on external authority was exposed in 1865 with the arrival of Rev. John Mackay. Despite their fondness for Mackenzie, who stayed in the Church of Scotland, the St Kildans "came out" in favour of the new Free Church during the Disruption. Mackay, the new Free Church minister, placed an uncommon emphasis on religious observance. He introduced a routine of three two-to-three-hour services on Sunday at which attendance was effectively compulsory. One visitor noted in 1875 that: "The Sabbath was a day of intolerable gloom. At the clink of the bell the whole flock hurry to Church with sorrowful looks and eyes bent upon the ground. It is considered sinful to look to the right or to the left."
Time spent in religious gatherings interfered seriously with the practical routines of the island. Old ladies and children who made noise in church were lectured at length and warned of dire punishments in the afterworld. During a period of food shortages on the island, a relief vessel arrived on a Saturday, but the minister said that the islanders had to spend the day preparing for church on the Sabbath, and it was Monday before supplies were landed. Children were forbidden to play games and required to carry a Bible wherever they went. Mackay remained minister on St Kilda for 24 years.
Tourism had a different but similarly destabilising impact on St Kilda. During the 19th century, steamers began to visit Hirta, enabling the islanders to earn money from the sale of tweeds and birds' eggs but at the expense of their self-esteem as the tourists regarded them as curiosities. The boats brought other previously unknown diseases, especially tetanus infantum, which resulted in infant mortality rates as high as 80 percent during the late 19th century. The cnatan na gall or boat-cough, an illness that struck after the arrival of a ship to Hirta, became a regular feature of life.
By the turn of the 20th century, formal schooling had again become a feature of the islands, and in 1906 the church was extended to make a schoolhouse. The children all now learned English and their native Gaelic. Improved midwifery skills, denied to the island by Reverend Mackay, reduced the problems of childhood tetanus. From the 1880s, trawlers fishing the north Atlantic made regular visits, bringing additional trade. Talk of an evacuation occurred in 1875 during MacKay's period of tenure, but despite occasional food shortages and a flu epidemic in 1913, the population was stable at between 75 and 80, and no obvious sign existed that within a few years the millennia-old occupation of the island was to end.
Early in World War I the Royal Navy erected a signal station on Hirta, and daily communications with the mainland were established for the first time in St Kilda's history. In a belated response, the German submarine SM U-90 arrived in Village Bay on the morning of 15 May 1918 and, after issuing a warning, started shelling the island. Seventy-two shells were fired, and the wireless station was destroyed. The manse, church and jetty storehouse were damaged, but no loss of life occurred. One eyewitness recalled: "It wasn't what you would call a bad submarine because it could have blowed every house down because they were all in a row there. He only wanted Admiralty property. One lamb was killed... all the cattle ran from one side of the island to the other when they heard the shots."
As a result of this attack, a 4-inch Mark III QF gun was erected on a promontory overlooking Village Bay, but it never saw military use. Of greater long-term significance to the islanders were the introduction of regular contact with the outside world and the slow development of a money-based economy. This made life easier for the St Kildans but also made them less self-reliant. Both were factors in the evacuation of the island little more than a decade later.
Numerous factors led to the evacuation of St Kilda. The islands' inhabitants had existed for centuries in relative isolation until tourism and the presence of the military in World War I induced the islanders to seek alternatives to privations they routinely suffered. The changes made to the island by visitors in the nineteenth century disconnected the islanders from the way of life that had allowed their forebears to survive in this unique environment. Despite construction of a small jetty in 1902, the islands remained at the weather's mercy.
After World War I most of the young men left the island, and the population fell from 73 in 1920 to 37 in 1928. After the death of four men from influenza in 1926 there was a succession of crop failures in the 1920s. Investigations by Aberdeen University into the soil where crops had been grown have shown that there had been contamination by lead and other pollutants, caused by the use of seabird carcasses and peat ash in the manure used on the village fields. This occurred over a lengthy period of time as manuring practices became more intensive and may have been a factor in the evacuation. The last straw came with the death of a young woman, Mary Gillies. Gillies fell ill with appendicitis in January 1930, and was taken to the mainland for treatment. She later died in hospital. For many years it was assumed that she had died of appendicitis, but her son Norman John Gillies, discovered in 1991 that she had in fact died of pneumonia, having given birth to a daughter who also died. On 29 August 1930, the remaining 36 inhabitants were removed to Morvern on the Scottish mainland at their own request. Norman John Gillies, the last of the evacuees with personal memories of life on the island, died on September 29th, 2013, aged 88.
The morning of the evacuation promised a perfect day. The sun rose out of a calm and sparkling sea and warmed the impassive cliffs of Oiseval. The sky was hopelessly blue and the sight of Hirta, green and pleasant as the island of so many careless dreams, made parting all the more difficult. Observing tradition the islanders left an open Bible and a small pile of oats in each house, locked all the doors and at 7 am boarded the Harebell. Although exhausted by the strain and hard work of the last few days, they were reported to have stayed cheerful throughout the operation. But as the long antler of Dun fell back onto the horizon and the familiar outline of the island grew faint, the severing of an ancient tie became a reality and the St Kildans gave way to tears.
The islands were purchased in 1931 by Lord Dumfries (later 5th Marquess of Bute), from Sir Reginald MacLeod. For the next 26 years the island experienced quietude, save for the occasional summer visit from tourists or a returning St Kildan family.
The islands took no active part in World War II, during which they were completely abandoned, but three aircraft crash sites remain from that period. A Beaufighter LX798 based at Port Ellen on Islay crashed into Conachair within 100 metres (328 ft) of the summit on the night of 3–4 June 1943. A year later, just before midnight on 7 June 1944, the day after D-Day, a Sunderland flying boat ML858 was wrecked at the head of Gleann Mòr. A small plaque in the kirk is dedicated to those who died in this accident. A Wellington bomber crashed on the south coast of Soay in 1942 or 1943. Not until 1978 was any formal attempt made to investigate the wreck, and its identity has not been absolutely determined. Amongst the wreckage, a Royal Canadian Air Force cap badge was discovered, which suggests it may have been HX448 of 7 OTU which went missing on a navigation exercise on 28 September 1942. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the Wellington is LA995 of 303 FTU which was lost on 23 February 1943.
In 1955 the British government decided to incorporate St Kilda into a missile tracking range based in Benbecula, where test firings and flights are carried out. Thus in 1957 St Kilda became permanently inhabited once again. A variety of military buildings and masts have since been erected, including a canteen (which is not open to the public), the 'Puff Inn'. The Ministry of Defence (MOD) leases St Kilda from the National Trust for Scotland for a nominal fee. The main island of Hirta is still occupied year-round by a small number of civilians employed by defence contractor QinetiQ working in the military base on a monthly rotation. In 2009 the MOD announced that it was considering closing down its missile testing ranges in the Western Isles, potentially leaving the Hirta base unmanned.
On his death on 14 August 1956, the Marquess of Bute's will bequeathed the archipelago to the National Trust for Scotland provided they accepted the offer within six months. After much soul-searching, the Executive Committee agreed to do so in January 1957. The slow renovation and conservation of the village began, much of it undertaken by summer volunteer work parties. In addition, scientific research began on the feral Soay sheep population and other aspects of the natural environment. In 1957 the area was designated a National Nature Reserve.
In 1986 the islands became the first place in Scotland to be inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, for its terrestrial natural features. In 2004, the WHS was extended to include a large amount of the surrounding marine features as well as the islands themselves. In 2005 St Kilda became one of only two dozen global locations to be awarded mixed World Heritage Status for both 'natural' and 'cultural' significance. The islands share this honour with internationally important sites such as Machu Picchu in Peru, Mount Athos in Greece and the Ukhahlamba/Drakensberg Park in South Africa.
The St Kilda World Heritage Site covers a total area of 24,201.4 hectares (59,803 acres) including the land and sea. The land area is 854.6 hectares (2,112 acres).
St Kilda is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, a National Scenic Area, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and a European Union Special Protection Area. Visiting yachts may find shelter in Village Bay, but those wishing to land are told to contact the National Trust for Scotland in advance. Concern exists about the introduction of non-native animal and plant species into such a fragile environment.
St Kilda's marine environment of underwater caves, arches and chasms offers a challenging but superlative diving experience. Such is the power of the North Atlantic swell that the effects of the waves can be detected 70 metres (230 ft) below sea level. In 2008 the National Trust for Scotland received the support of Scotland's Minister for Environment, Michael Russell for their plan to ensure no rats come ashore from the Spinningdale, a UK-registered/Spanish-owned fishing vessel grounded on Hirta. There was concern that bird life on the island could be seriously affected. Fortunately, potential contaminants from the vessel including fuel, oils, bait and stores were successfully removed by Dutch salvage company Mammoet before the bird breeding season in early April.
The oldest structures on St Kilda are the most enigmatic. Large sheepfolds lie inland from the existing village at An Lag Bho'n Tuath (English: the hollow in the north) and contain curious 'boat-shaped' stone rings, or 'settings'. Soil samples suggest a date of 1850 BC, but they are unique to St Kilda, and their purpose is unknown. In Gleann Mòr, (north-west of Village Bay beyond Hirta's central ridge), there are 20 'horned structures', essentially ruined buildings with a main court measuring about 3 by 3 metres (10 by 10 ft), two or more smaller cells and a forecourt formed by two curved or horn-shaped walls. Again, nothing like them exists anywhere else in Britain or Europe, and their original use is unknown. Also in Gleann Mòr is Taigh na Banaghaisgeich, the 'Amazon's House'. As Martin (1703) reported, many St Kilda tales are told about this female warrior.
This Amazon is famous in their traditions: her house or dairy of stone is yet extant; some of the inhabitants dwell in it all summer, though it be some hundred years old; the whole is built of stone, without any wood, lime, earth, or mortar to cement it, and is built in form of a circle pyramid-wise towards the top, having a vent in it, the fire being always in the centre of the floor; the stones are long and thin, which supplies the defect of wood; the body of this house contains not above nine persons sitting; there are three beds or low vaults that go off the side of the wall, a pillar betwixt each bed, which contains five men apiece; at the entry to one of these low vaults is a stone standing upon one end fix'd; upon this they say she ordinarily laid her helmet; there are two stones on the other side, upon which she is reported to have laid her sword: she is said to have been much addicted to hunting, and that in her time all the space betwixt this isle and that of Harries, was one continued tract of dry land.
Similar stories of a female warrior who hunted the now submerged land between the Outer Hebrides and St Kilda are reported from Harris. The structure's forecourt is akin to the other 'horned structures' in the immediate area, but like Martin's "Amazon" its original purpose is the stuff of legend rather than archaeological fact.
Much more is known of the hundreds of unique cleitean that decorate the archipelago. These dome-shaped structures are constructed of flat boulders with a cap of turf on the top. This enables the wind to pass through the cavities in the wall but keeps the rain out. They were used for storing peat, nets, grain, preserved flesh and eggs, manure, and hay, and as a shelter for lambs in winter. The date of origin of this St Kildan invention is unknown, but they were in continuous use from prehistoric times until the 1930 evacuation. More than 1,200 ruined or intact cleitean remain on Hirta and a further 170 on the neighbouring islands. House no. 16 in the modern village has an early Christian stone cross built into the front wall, which may date from the 7th century.
A medieval village lay near Tobar Childa, about 350 metres (1,150 ft) from the shore, at the foot of the slopes of Conachair. The oldest building is an underground passage with two small annexes called Taigh an t-Sithiche (house of the faeries) which dates to between 500 BC and 300 AD. The St Kildans believed it was a house or hiding place, although a more recent theory suggests that it was an ice house.
Extensive ruins of field walls and cleitean and the remnants of a medieval 'house' with a beehive-shaped annexe remain. Nearby is the 'Bull's House', a roofless rectangular structure in which the island's bull was kept during winter. Tobar Childa itself is supplied by two springs that lie just outside the Head Wall that was constructed around the Village to prevent sheep and cattle gaining access to the cultivated areas within its boundary. There were 25 to 30 houses altogether. Most were black houses of typical Hebridean design, but some older buildings were made of corbelled stone and turfed rather than thatched. The turf was used to prevent ingress of wind and rain, and the older "beehive" buildings resembled green hillocks rather than dwellings.
The Head Wall was built in 1834 when the medieval village was abandoned and a new one planned between Tobar Childa and the sea some 700 feet (200 m) down the slope. This came about as the result of a visit by Sir Thomas Dyke Ackland, the MP for Devon. Appalled by the primitive conditions, he made a donation that led to the construction of a completely new settlement of 30 new black houses. These houses were made of dry stone, had thick walls and were roofed with turf. Each typically had only one tiny window and a small aperture for letting out smoke from the peat fire that burnt in the middle of the room. As a result, the interiors were blackened by soot. The cattle occupied one end of the house in winter, and once a year the straw from the floor was stripped out and spread on the ground. Several of the new dwellings were damaged by a severe gale in October 1860, and repairs were sufficient only to make them suitable for use as byres. According to Alasdair MacGregor's analysis of the settlement, the sixteen modern, zinc-roofed cottages amidst the black houses and new Factor's house seen in most photographs of the natives were constructed around 1862.
One of the more poignant ruins on Hirta is the site of 'Lady Grange's House'. Lady Grange had been married to the Jacobite sympathiser James Erskine of Grange for 25 years when he decided that she might have overheard too many of his treasonable plottings. He had her kidnapped and secretly confined in Edinburgh for six months. From there she was sent to the Monach Isles, where she lived in isolation for two years. She was then taken to Hirta from 1734 to 1740, which she described as "a vile neasty, stinking poor isle". After a failed rescue attempt, she was removed by Erskine to the Isle of Skye, where she died. The 'house' is a large cleit in the Village meadows.
Boswell and Johnson discussed the subject during their 1773 tour of the Hebrides. Boswell wrote: "After dinner to-day, we talked of the extraordinary fact of Lady Grange's being sent to St Kilda, and confined there for several years, without any means of relief. Dr Johnson said, if M'Leod would let it be known that he had such a place for naughty ladies, he might make it a very profitable island."
In the 1860s unsuccessful attempts were made to improve the landing area by blasting rocks. A small jetty was erected in 1877, but it was washed away in a storm two years later. In 1883 representations to the Napier Commission suggested the building of a replacement, but it was 1901 before the Congested Districts Board provided an engineer to enable one to be completed the following year. Nearby on the shore line are some huge boulders which were known throughout the Highlands and Islands in the 19th century as Doirneagan Hirt, Hirta's pebbles.
At one time, three churches stood on Hirta. Christ Church, in the site of the graveyard at the centre of the village, was in use in 1697 and was the largest, but this thatched-roof structure was too small to hold the entire population, and most of the congregation had to gather in the churchyard during services. St Brendan's Church lay over a kilometre away on the slopes of Ruival, and St Columba's at the west end of the village street, but little is left of these buildings. A new kirk and manse were erected at the east end of the village in 1830 and a Factor's house in 1860.
Dùn means "fort", and there is but a single ruined wall of a structure said to have been built in the far-distant past by the Fir Bolg. The only "habitation" is Sean Taigh (old house), a natural cavern sometimes used as a shelter by the St Kildans when they were tending the sheep or catching birds.
Soay has a primitive hut known as Taigh Dugan (Dugan's house). This is little more than an excavated hole under a huge stone with two rude walls on the sides. The story of its creation relates to two sheep-stealing brothers from Lewis who came to St Kilda only to cause further trouble. Dugan was exiled to Soay, where he died; the other, called Fearchar Mòr, was sent to Stac an Armin, where he found life so intolerable he cast himself into the sea.
Boreray boasts the Cleitean MacPhàidein, a "cleit village" of three small bothies used on a regular basis during fowling expeditions. Here too are the ruins of Taigh Stallar (the steward's house), which was similar to the Amazon's house in Gleann Mòr although somewhat larger, and which had six bed spaces. The local tradition was that it was built by the "Man of the Rocks", who led a rebellion against the landlord's steward. It may be an example of an Iron Age wheelhouse and the associated remains of an agricultural field system were discovered in 2011. As a result of a smallpox outbreak on Hirta in 1724, three men and eight boys were marooned on Boreray until the following May. No fewer than 78 storage cleitean exist on Stac an Armin and a small bothy. A small bothy exists on the precipitous Stac Lee too, also used by fowlers.
The steamship company running a service between Glasgow and St Kilda commissioned a short (18-minute) silent movie, St Kilda, Britain's Loneliest Isle. Released in 1928, it shows some scenes in the lives of the island's inhabitants. In 1937, after reading of the St Kilda evacuation, Michael Powell made the film The Edge of the World about the dangers of island depopulation. It was shot on Foula, one of the Shetland Islands. The writer Dorothy Dunnett wrote a short story, "The Proving Climb", set on St Kilda; it was published in 1973 in the anthology Scottish Short Stories.
In 1982, the noted Scottish filmmaker and theatre director Bill Bryden made the Channel 4-funded film Ill Fares The Land about the last years of St Kilda. It is not currently on commercial release.
The fictional island of Laerg, which features in the 1962 novel Atlantic Fury by Hammond Innes, is closely based on Hirta.
The Scottish folk rock band Runrig recorded a song called "Edge of the World" on the album The Big Wheel, which dwells on the islanders' isolated existence. The folk music singer/song-writer Brian McNeill wrote about one of St. Kilda's prodigal sons, a restless fellow named Ewan Gillies, who left St. Kilda to seek his fortune by prospecting for gold first in Australia and later California. The song recounts fortunes won and lost, his return to the island, and concludes with his inability to stay. Entitled "Ewan and the Gold", it was published on the album Back O' The North Wind in 1991 and is the subject of McNeill's audio-visual presentation about the Scottish diaspora.
In a 2005 poll of Radio Times readers, St Kilda was named as the ninth greatest natural wonder in the British Isles. In 2007 an opera in Scots Gaelic called St Kilda: A European Opera about the story of the islands received funding from the Scottish Government. It was performed simultaneously at six venues in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Scotland over the summer solstice of 2007. As part of the lasting legacy, this production left a long-term time lapse camera on Hirta.Britain's Lost World, a three-part BBC documentary series about St Kilda began broadcasting on 19 June 2008.
Stamps were issued by the Post Office depicting St. Kilda in 1986 and 2004. St Kilda was also commemorated on a new series of banknotes issued by the Clydesdale Bank in 2009; an image based on a historical photograph of residents appeared on the reverse of an issue of £5 notes.
Also in 2009 Pròiseact nan Ealan, the Gaelic Arts Agency, announced plans to commemorate the evacuation on 29 August, (the 79th anniversary) including an exhibition in Kelvingrove Art Gallery. Comhairle nan Eilean Siar are planning a feasibility study for a new visitor centre to tell the story of St Kilda, although they have specifically ruled out using Hirta as a location.
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Packing a Safe Lunch
by Toby Amidor in Back to School, Food Safety, August 31, 2011A new study published in the August issue of Pediatrics may change the way you pack your child's lunch this school year. Find out the shocking results and what you can do to keep your child safe from food-borne illness.
The Study
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin tested temperatures of pre-school lunches in 9 Texas day care centers. Lunches of 235 kids with at least one perishable food items were checked 90 minutes before lunch. The researchers also noted whether lunches contained ice packs. The results were astounding:
- 39% of the lunches had no ice packs.
- 45.1% of the lunches had at least 1 ice pack.
- 88.2% of the lunches were found to be at a hazardous temperature.
- 1.6% of perishable items checked were found to be safe.
- Even lunches with multiple ice packs were found to be at unsafe temperatures.
This means that most kids (at least from the sample studied here) were eating food that was unsafe. This is especially scary since we're talking about young children who are more susceptible to becoming sick from food bugs due to a weaker immune system. So what's a parent to do to keep their kiddies safe?
Take Action
As a parent, my first reaction was, "yikes!" which is probably not far off from what you're thinking right now. But there are actions that can be taken to help keep food safe.
- Start clean: Parents or caregivers packing the lunch have the opportunity to easily contaminate the food being packed. This means that it's important to start making lunch by washing your hands properly and by making sure you're working with clean counter-tops, utensils, dishes, and anything else that's going to touch your child's food.
- Start cold: I pack my 3 kids lunches the night before and store the food in the refrigerator so it's super cold. Items like bottles of juice and water can be placed in the freezer and be used like an additional ice pack.
- Talk to the school: The ice packs may not have worked as well as expected, but that doesn't mean you should give up. Talk to the school about having a cooler for each classroom— they're not as expensive as refrigerators and don't use extra electricity. Another option for the cooler states is to place lunches outdoors once the temperature outside is about 37 degrees or lower.
- Check the lunch hour: Some kids eat lunch at 10:20 am (yes, I've had clients who eat lunch this early!) and some are scheduled to eat lunch at 2:00 pm. It's important to ask your school what time lunch is scheduled. If it's earlier in the day, the bacteria has less time to multiply on the food while the later lunches may deserve to be refrigerated. This is something you may decide to discuss with your child's school if there is limited refrigerator space.
Pack Safely
Packing food that doesn't need refrigeration can become challenging, especially if your child loves mayo-based salads or deli meats. Below you will find some healthy options.
- Aseptically packed soy milk or low fat milk or chocolate milk.
- Whole fruit like apples, bananas, peaches, plums, oranges, uncut strawberries.
- For older kids, whole and unpeeled veggies like grape tomatoes and or Kirby cucumbers
- Single-serve cans of tuna or vacuum-sealed packs of tuna or salmon.
- Sandwich with nut butters like peanut butter, soy nut butter, sunflower seed butter, or almond butter.
- Whole grain cereal with one of the aseptically packed milk options listed above.
- Make your own trail mix with dried fruit, whole grain cereal, and nuts (if allowable).
- Make your own healthy muffins with wholesome ingredients.
- Cheese (like Laughing Cow or Baby Bel that don't require refrigeration) and whole grain crackers.
TELL US: How will you safely pack your child's lunch?
Toby Amidor, MS, RD, CDN, is a registered dietitian and consultant who specializes in food safety and culinary nutrition. See Toby's full bio »
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I pack PB&J sandwiches almost every day (because that's what she asks for) but I cannot find very many other options for stomach filling meals! Fruits and grains are okay for afternoon snacks, but realistically, not good for grade school lunches. Also, stop telling parents to pack veggies! Most kids don't eat them! Cute bento boxes? Very cute if you have the time. All kids would love to see it, but will not actually eat them. All of the recipes that I have seen so far from the FoodNetwork either don't look safe to me or not tasty to a four year old. Please help me!


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Day 132937 in Oborodh Town -- relationships are falling apart. The kilometres of dusty, deserted expressway leading to the faraway township of Uttara speak of happier times, when impatient lovers sat in traffic for hours to meet their beloved, whispering sweet-nothings on their mobiles, just out of the chauffeur's earshot. In this issue of SHOUT, we take a look at the long-distance relationships this city gave birth to. Even though the physical distance might not be so great between Dhanmondi and Uttara, the complete breakdown in communication has pushed lovers beyond each other's reach. How do they make up for it, or do they ever?
On a brighter note, New Year's round the corner, and that means the ghosts of last year's resolutions are haunting us. Our columnist takes a look at the economic/behavioural theories behind failed resolutions, so this year when you give up halfway you at least know why you failed. New Year also means parties, lots of instagrammed selfies, and the scope to photo-bomb rather than cocktail-bomb. Our guide to extraordinary photo-bombing will ensure you are the heart of the party.
Here's hoping this week's SHOUT will entertain you, blockades will end and your relationships will gain back momentum. If not, good reading and good riddance.
– Madhubanti Anashua, Sub-editor, SHOUT