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The virgin birth of Jesus is the belief that Jesus was conceived in the womb of his mother Mary by the Holy Spirit and born while Mary was yet a virgin.[1] The New Testament references are Matthew 1:18-25 and Luke 1:26-38. The virgin birth is not mentioned in the Pauline epistles, nor is it mentioned in the Gospels of Mark or John.
The virgin birth was universally accepted in the Christian church by the 2nd century, was enshrined in the Apostles' Creed, and, except for several minor sects, was not seriously challenged until the 18th century. It remains a basic article of belief in the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and most Protestant churches. Muslims also accept the virgin birth of Jesus.[2]
Mary's virginal conception of Jesus is sometimes confused[3] with the Roman Catholic doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception, in which she is believed to have been conceived in the normal way but free from original sin.[4][5]
The virgin birth of Jesus is also distinct from the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary, the belief that Mary remained a virgin for her entire life.[6]
According to standard Jewish custom of the time of Jesus, girls were betrothed around the age of twelve or twelve and a half.[7] During the betrothal period, which lasted about a year, the marriage was not consummated and the bride remained in her parents' house.[8] Betrothal was formalised by a contract regulating such matters as the transfer of property and provision for the wife and children should the husband die. Voiding the contract required a divorce document freeing the girl to remarry.[9]
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Life of Jesus according to the Gospels |
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The earliest Christian preaching about Jesus concerned his death and resurrection, and the early Church turned its attention to the chronology of the rest of the life of Jesus later.[10][11][12] Early Christians were diverse in their teachings, and the nativity accounts of the gospels may have diverged as a result, but a comparison of the nativity stories of Luke and Matthew show common elements in terms of the virgin birth, the birth at Bethlehem and the upbringing at Nazareth.[11][13]
The Pauline epistles, the earliest surviving Christian writings, refer to Jesus' mother without stating that she was a virgin. Instead Paul focuses on contrasting the birth of Jesus with the fall of Adam, and presents Jesus as the "firstborn of all creation", and a second Adam, in Colossians 1:15-16.[14][15][16]
Some[17] see the silence of Paul on virginity as implying that he knew of no account of the virgin birth of Jesus, while scholars such as Raymond Brown reject the "argument from silence" and state that Paul's letters were composed with a view to ecclesiastical problems with which he had to deal, not to give a narrative of the life of Jesus.
Raymond E. Brown states that given the multiple lines of reasoning, there are no convincing arguments to determine whether Paul knew of the virgin birth or not.[18] Brown writes that it is difficult to decide whether Paul's silence on the question of the virginal conception of Jesus is significant in any case.[18] Brown states that, even if the silence of Paul is taken to indicate ignorance of the virgin birth, it does not disprove it, for a family tradition about it could have circulated among relatively few in the years 30-60, before becoming known to the communities for whom Matthew and Luke wrote.[19] Other authors have noted that the silence of Paul is no indication, given the Pauline Epistles were not intended as chronologies and include very few details of the life of Jesus in general, and that even the Last Supper was only mentioned by Paul in response to problems in Corinth.[20]
Specific passages in Paul's letters include Galatians 4:4, usually translated as: "when the fullness of time had come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law". (The word translated as "born" literally means "having come to be",[21] and Young's Literal Translation gives the phrase as "come of a woman, come under law".) Some see this silence about a virgin birth as lack of knowledge of it, while others see the phrase "born of a woman, born under the law" as implying that Jesus had no human father.[22][23] The opening of the Epistle to the Romans (Romans 1:1-4) includes the words: "concerning his Son, who was descended from David (or who came from the offspring of David) according to the flesh and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord". Some, pointing out that the Greek word translated as "descendant" in some Bibles is sperma, which literally means "seed", and interpreting this as indicating descent through the male line,[24][25][26] take "descended from David according to the flesh" to mean that Joseph, a descendant of David, was the physical father of Jesus, thus denying the virgin birth of Jesus, others take it as indicating that Mary too was a descendant of David.[27][28][29][30] Others point out that here, as in Galatians 4:4, Paul does not use the ordinary word for "born" (γεννητός, gennetos, the word used in Matthew 11:11 in relation to John the Baptist being "born of a woman"), but the word γενόμενος, genomenos, literally meaning "become", "come to be",[31][32] a fact that some interpret as an allusion to incarnation of the pre-existent Son of God.[33][34]
The statement in Romans 8:3-4 that God sent his Son "in the likeness of sinful flesh" has been interpreted as meaning merely that Jesus was externally just like any other human being, supported by Paul's remark elsewhere that Christ "knew no sin".[2 Cor 5:21] Others suggest a contradiction between Paul's notion of being "in the likeness of sinful flesh" and his having been born of a virgin.
In 1Timothy 1:4, the author urges people not to "occupy themselves with myths and endless genealogies which promote speculations...". Some scholars see this passage as reflecting a negative view of the developing virgin birth stories and their variant genealogies.[35]
The accounts of the birth of Jesus appear in only two of the four Canonical Gospels, the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of Matthew. Luke's story centers on Mary, while Matthew's story centers on Joseph, and in both gospel accounts (Matthew 1:18–25 and Luke 1:31–35) Jesus was conceived without a human father.[36][37][38]
While Luke's introduction does assert that its author has "carefully investigated everything",[Lk. 1:3] neither Luke nor Matthew attribute their birth narratives to the direct testimonies of either Mary or Joseph.[39] James Hastings and separately Thomas Neufeld have expressed the view that the circumstances of the birth of Jesus were deliberately kept restricted to a small group of early Christians, and were kept as a secret for many years after his death.[40][41] Ronald Brownrigg suggests that the narrative in Luke was obtained via a path from Mary, while the narrative in Matthew was obtained from a path on Joseph's side.[42]
The Gospel of Matthew (c 80-85) begins with a genealogy leading from Abraham to Joseph, but then calls Joseph "the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ."[1:16] In the original text in Greek, "of whom" is ἐξ ἧς (feminine singular), clearly showing that the phrase refers to Mary, not to Joseph or to Mary and Joseph together.[43][44][45] The book continues:
18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit. And her husband Joseph, being a just man and unwilling to put her to shame, resolved to divorce her quietly. But as he considered these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, "Joseph, son of David, do not fear to take Mary as your wife, for that which is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. 21 She will bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus,for he will save his people from their sins." 22 All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophet: 23 "Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel" (which means, God with us). 24 When Joseph woke from sleep, he did as the angel of the Lord commanded him: he took his wife, 25 but knew her not until she had given birth to a son. And he called his name Jesus.
Matthew states that Mary was found to be pregnant "before they came together", while she was "betrothed" to Joseph,[1:18] and that Joseph did not have marital relations with her before the child was born.[1:25]
Matthew declares that the angel who appeared to Joseph, who was considering divorcing Mary, said: "do not fear to take Mary as your wife, for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit",[1:20] in fulfillment of the prophecy of the prophet: "A virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us."[Mt. 1:22-23] Scholars interpret "prophet" as a reference to Isaiah 7:14.[46] Some 5th- and 6th-century manuscripts read "Isaiah the prophet".[47]
The text of Isaiah in Hebrew, as given in both the Masoretic text and the Great Isaiah Scroll found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, uses the word עַלְמָה (almah), meaning an unmarried young woman of the age of puberty. David Strauss in The Life of Jesus, suggests that Isaiah was referring to events of his own time, and that the young woman in question may have been "perhaps the prophet's own wife".[48] The Encyclopedia Judaica calls the interpretation as referring to a virgin "a two-millennium misunderstanding of Isaiah 7:14", which "indicates nothing concerning the chastity of the woman in question".[49]
Matthew 1:22 ("Behold the virgin shall be with child") uses the Greek term παρθένος (parthenos), meaning a virgin, as in the Septuagint translation of Isaiah,[50] which "alters or refines" the meaning of the Hebrew word,[51] perhaps understanding, as Raymond Brown suggests, the Hebrew word עַלְמָה to mean "virgin" in this context.[50]
Craig A. Evans in the The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus suggests that "Matthew's citation does not demand an exact correspondence of events as much as it postulates a correlation of patterns or types between Isaiah's narrative and his own birth story." The rescue of Israel through the child of a young woman reminds Matthew of Isaiah's story.[52]
The Nativity is a prominent element of the Gospel of Luke (c 85-90), and comprises over 10% of the text, being three times the length of the Nativity text in the Gospel of Matthew.[53] The relevant section on the virgin birth reads:
"26 In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee named Nazareth, 27 to a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. And the virgin's name was Mary. 28 And he came to her and said, "Greetings, O favored one, the Lord is with you!" 29 But she was greatly troubled at the saying, and tried to discern what sort of greeting this might be. 30 And the angel said to her, "Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. 31 And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, 33 and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end." 34 And Mary said to the angel, "How will this be, since I am a virgin?" 35 And the angel answered her, "The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be called holy—the Son of God. 36 And behold, your relative Elizabeth in her old age has also conceived a son, and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren. 37 For nothing will be impossible with God." 38 And Mary said, "Behold, I am the servant of the Lord; let it be to me according to your word." And the angel departed from her."
In Luke 1:30-35 Mary asks how she is to conceive and bear a son, since she is a virgin; and she is told it will happen by the power of God. Luke 3:23-38 gives a genealogy, different from that given by Matthew. Scholars differ on which of the two, Matthew or Luke, is the legal genealogy via Joseph, and which the physical descent via Mary.[54]
During Mary's Visitation with her cousin Elisabeth, the latter blessed her for her faith and recognised the holiness of Christ in the womb, to which Mary responded with what is known as the Magnificat,[Luke 1:46-55] a prayer of joy.[55]
The Gospel of Matthew 1:23 refers to a prophecy: "Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us." It is generally agreed that this prophecy comes from the book of Isaiah, which reads:
10 Moreover the LORD spake again unto Ahaz, saying,
11 Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above.
12 But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the LORD.
13 And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David; Is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also?
14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.
15 Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good.
16 For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings.
In this passage, after king Ahaz refused to ask a sign in verse 12, the prophet addressed the house of David, who would be given the sign from "the Lord". Note the plural "ye" and "you" in verses 13 and 14, and then back to the singular "thou" to Ahaz in verse 16, (and verse 14 is "the Lord", not "the LORD".)
The word "virgin" in Christian translations is disputed. The Hebrew word is "עלמה" (almah), which scholars agree means a young woman of child-bearing age, "but has nothing to do with whether she is a virgin", and the context of the passage makes it clear that Isaiah has in mind events in his and Ahaz's near future. The Greek-speaking author of Matthew, however, used the Greek translation of Isaiah, in which the word is given as "παρθένος", parthenos, meaning a virgin.[56] The Encyclopedia Judaica calls this "a two-millennium misunderstanding of Isaiah 7:14", which "indicates nothing concerning the chastity of the woman in question".[49]
The Qur'an says that Jesus was the result of a virgin birth. The most detailed account of the annunciation and birth of Jesus is provided in Sura 3 (Al Imran) and 19 (Maryam) wherein it is written that God sent an angel to announce that she could shortly expect to bear a son, despite being a virgin.[57]
The account in Sura 19 [Quran 19:1] of the Qur'an is close to that in the Gospel of Luke.[58] The Annunciation to Mary is mentioned twice in the Quran and in both instances Mary is told that she was chosen by God to deliver a son. In one case, the bearer of the news, who is believed to be archangel Gabriel, delivered the news in (3:42-47) as he takes the form of a man (19:16-22).[59][60] The details of the conception are not discussed but when Mary asks how she can bear a son in view of her chastity she is told that God creates what he wills and that these things are easy for God.[59] However, elsewhere the Quran states (21:91 and 66:12) that God breathed "His Spirit" into Mary while she was chaste.[59][60]
Although not specifically mentioned in the Quran, Muslims believe that Jesus and Mary were the only two children not to be touched by Satan at the moment of their birth, for God placed a veil between them and Satan.[61]
According to F. Dale Bruner, "The modern scholarly consensus is that the doctrine of the virgin birth rests on very slim historical foundations."[62] However, some writers[63][64][65][66][67] take it as significant that the virgin birth is attested by two separate gospels, although the details of each vary. In this view, the virgin conception and birth constitute a tradition that fits within the criterion of multiple attestation, because the accounts of Matthew and Luke are taken as two independent testimonies of the tradition.[68] The mutual independence of the two attestations is shown by the fact that there are differences between the accounts of Matthew and Luke regarding Jesus' birth, to which scholars have drawn attention.[69][70]
According to Matthew, an unnamed angel informs Joseph of the virginal conception; while in Luke the angel Gabriel informs Mary before the conception occurs. There are at least two rival explanations for the "double attestation" of Matthew and Luke regarding the virgin birth of Jesus:[71][72]
However, the fact that the virgin birth is mentioned only by Matthew and Luke is considered to produce doubt as to its truth by scholars such as Jurgen Moltmann. He writes: "In the New Testament, Christ's 'virgin birth' is related only by Luke and Matthew. It was unknown, or considered unimportant, in wide areas of early Christian belief (the Pauline and Johannine sectors, for example). But from the third century onwards it became a firm component of the Christian creeds and theological christologies." He also writes: "The virgin birth is not one of the pillars that sustains the New Testament faith in Christ. The confession of faith in Jesus, the Son of God, the Lord, is independent of the virgin birth, and is not based on it." "Moreover, we find the confession of faith in Christ in Christian traditions which know nothing of the virgin birth, or do not mention it." He concludes: "that the virgin birth does not provide the justification for confessing Christ."[75] John L. McKenzie notes that, if these two narratives were missing from the New Testament, "there would be no biblical mention of the virgin birth". He adds, "the event is unusual enough for one to wonder why an author who knew of it would not mention it."[76] Furthermore, New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman writes, "The tradition that Jesus' mother was a virgin is given by both Matthew and Luke, and to that extent, it's independently attested. But it has always struck scholars as odd that the tradition—which surely would be an important thing to know!—isn't attested anywhere else in our earliest sources, even among writers who would have had a real interest in publicizing the fact that God himself was actually Jesus' father."[77] The Oxford Companion to the Bible, on the fact that nowhere else in the Bible is the virgin birth attested, has:
Such an argument from silence cannot be determinative, but it is an important consideration for people who see the virgin birth as a feature created within the early traditions about Jesus rather than a historical occurrence. Those who doubt the historicity of the virgin birth argue that it was created by the early church as a way of honoring the coming of Jesus as the Son of God or of explaining the idea of God becoming flesh. Miraculous human birth stories are common in biblical tradition, going back to Abraham and Sarah (Gen. 17.15—19, 18.9—15, I. 1—7), and numerous references to deities impregnating women are found within the Greco-Roman tradition. The mother Of Heracles, for instance, was said to have been impregnated by Zeus (Diodorus Siculus, 4-9, 1—10).[78]
Among other hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations of the origin of the accounts in Matthew and Luke of the birth of Jesus from a virgin is that of Stephen L Harris, who proposed that these were written to answer Jewish slanders about Jesus' illegitimate birth,[79] of which there is evidence from the 2nd century, but which may have been a subsequent polemical Jewish response to the account in Matthew and Luke.[80] Helmut Köster sees the narratives of Jesus' virgin birth as having roots in Hellenistic mythology.[81]
Psilanthropists argue against the virgin birth and contend that Jesus was a "mere human".[82] Psilanthropism existed among early Jewish Christian groups such as Ebionites who considered Jesus the Messiah, but rejected the apostle Paul as an apostate.[83] [84] However, in the 4th century the Nicene Creed rejected the teaching that Jesus was a mere human.[85]
In the 2nd century, Celsus, a pagan anti-Christian Greek philosopher wrote that Jesus's father was a Roman soldier named Pantera. The views of Celsus drew responses from Origen who considered it a fabricated story.[86][87] Raymond E. Brown states that the story of Pantera is a fanciful explanation of the birth of Jesus which includes very little historical evidence.[88]
In the Middle Ages as part of the conflicts with Christians, a satirical parody of the Christian gospels called the Toledot Yeshu was written by the Jews, perhaps as a tool for warding off conversions to Christianity.[89] The book referred to the name Pantera, or Pandera as the father of Jesus, and also portrayed Judas Iscariot as a hero.[90][91][92] The book accuses Jesus of illegitimate birth as the son of Pandera, and of heretic and at times violent activities along with his followers during his ministry.[90][92] Robert E. Van Voorst states that the literary origins of Toledot Yeshu cannot be traced with any certainty, and its medieval composition without a fixed form, it is "most unlikely" to have reliable historical information.[93] The Blackwell Companion to Jesus states that the Toledot Yeshu has no historical facts as such, and was perhaps created as a tool for warding off conversions to Christianity.[94]
Historically notable psilanthropists have included figures such as the translator of the first Bible in Byelorussian, Symon Budny (who was excommunicated by the Polish Unitarians[95]), and Joseph Priestley and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in the 18th and 19th centuries.[96][97]
Modern psilanthropists include some members of the Unification Church. Although the church's textbook, the Divine Principle does not specifically mention the teaching that Zacharias was the father of Jesus, according to Ruth Tucker[98] some members of the church hold that belief[99][100] - which is based on the work of Leslie Weatherhead.[17]
As part of the conflicts between Christians and other groups during the 1st and 2nd centuries, statements were made by both Jews and pagans that the Christian virgin birth narratives had been derived from pagan sources.[101][102] Early Christians such as Justin Martyr countered the argument about pagan connections to the virgin birth of Jesus.[103] In the 2nd century, Justin presented these arguments in The First Apology of Justin, and in Dialog with Trypho.[103] Justin argued at length against the pagan connection and noted that the word virgin does not even occur in the pagan sources.[104] He also addressed the Old Testament issues in his debates with a Jew called Trypho.[101]
Followers of Mithraism have proposed, from Persian sources, that Mithra might have been born of the union of Mother Earth and Ahuramazda, and that his story influenced both Christianity and Chinese mythology, where he became known as "The Friend".[105] Christian authors have argued that no historical basis for the connection to Christianity has been presented by the Mithraists.[106]
The early Christian document, the Ascension of Isaiah, which may date to the 2nd century, also has a narrative of the virgin birth of Jesus.[107] However, the date and origin of this document is questionable, given that the author disguised his identity behind Isaiah.[108] The narrative of the virgin birth of Jesus can be found also in other New Testament apocrypha, for instance the Protevangelium of James, perhaps written in the 2nd century.[109]
Parthenogenesis has been hypothesized as a possible biological mechanism for the virgin birth of Jesus.[110] But this hypothesis has received no general scholarly support.[111][112]
Christians celebrate the conception of Jesus on 25 March[113] (Lady Day) and his birth at Christmas (25 December) or Epiphany (6 January). Among the many traditions associated with Christmas are the construction of cribs and the performance of re-enactments of elements of the story in the Gospels of the birth of Jesus, a tradition started in the 13th century by the Franciscans.[114][115][116]
The festival of the Nativity which later turned into Christmas was a 4th-century feast in the Western Church notably in Rome and North Africa, although it is uncertain exactly where and when it was first celebrated.[117] There has been debate about the reason why Christians came to choose the 25 December date to celebrate the birth of Jesus. One theory is that they did so in order to oppose the existing winter-solstice feast of the Natalis Solis Invicti (Birthday of the Unconquered Sun) by celebrating on that date the birth of the "Sun of Righteousness".[118]
Another tradition derived the date of Christmas from that of the Annunciation, the virginal conception of Jesus.[118] Since this was supposed to have taken place on 14 Nisan in the Jewish calendar, calculated to have been either 25 March or 6 April, it was believed that the date of Christ's birth will have been nine months later.[119] A tractate falsely attributed to John Chrysostom argued that Jesus was conceived and crucified on the same day of the year and calculated this as 25 March, a computation also mentioned by Saint Augustine of Hippo.[118]
The Magnificat, based on Luke 1:46-55 is one of four well known Gospel canticles: the Benedictus and the Magnificat in the first chapter, and the Gloria in Excelsis and the Nunc dimittis in the second chapter of Luke, which are now an integral part of the Christian liturgical tradition.[55][120][121] The Magnificat is one of the eight most ancient Christian hymns and perhaps the earliest Marian hymn.[122][123] The Annunciation, representing the virgin birth, became an element of Marian devotions in Medieval times, and by the 13th century direct references to it were widespread in French lyrics.[124]
The Eastern Orthodox Church uses the title "Ever Virgin Mary" as a key element of its Marian veneration, and as part of the Akathists (hymns) to Mary which are an integral part of its liturgy.[125]
This doctrine of the Virgin Birth is often represented Christian art in terms of the annunciation to Mary by the Archangel Gabriel that she would conceive a child to be born the Son of God, and in Nativity scenes that include the figure of Salome. The Annunciation is one of the most frequently depicted scenes in Western art.[126] Annunciation scenes also amount to the most frequent appearances of Gabriel in medieval art.[127] The depiction of Joseph turning away in some Nativity scenes is a discreet reference to the fatherhood of the Holy Spirit, and the doctrine of Virgin Birth.[128]
Holy Doors, Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt, 12th century
Sandro Botticelli, 1489–90
Mikhail Nesterov, Russia, 19th century
Giotto (1267-1337): Nativity with an uninvolved Joseph but without Salome
Gromacki, Robert G. The Virgin Birth: Doctrine of Deity. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1981, cop. 1974. 202 p. ISBN 0-89010-3765-4
Virgin birth of Jesus | ||
Preceded by Gabriel announces John's birth to Zechariah | New Testament Events | Succeeded by Mary visits Elisabeth |


text:
Something Awful
Type | Limited Liability Company (LLC) |
Founded | 1999 |
Headquarters | Pleasant Hill, Missouri, United States |
Founder(s) | Richard Charles Kyanka |
Key people | Richard Kyanka Zack Parsons David Thorpe |
Industry | Web-based |
Products | somethingawful.com Awful Video City Name Sports Team MoofWear Awful Gear Awful Mart Flat Falls |
Website | somethingawful.com |
Alexa rank | 9,011 (July 2014[update])[1] |
Something Awful, often abbreviated to SA, is a comedy website housing a variety of content, including blog entries, forums, feature articles, digitally edited pictures, and humorous media reviews. It was created by Richard "Lowtax" Kyanka in 1999 as a largely personal website, but as it grew, so did its contributors and content. Since then, the website has helped to perpetuate various Internet phenomena,[2][3][4] and it has been cited as an influence on Internet culture.[5]
Since the website's creation, it has been involved in a number of notable events. These include a conflict with the Spam Prevention Early Warning System, a Hurricane Katrina relief fund being caught in PayPal's red tape,[6] and an exhibition boxing match between Kyanka and movie director Uwe Boll.
Something Awful was created by Richard "Lowtax" Kyanka,[7] who controls the site and is supported by other contributing writers and administrators.
Kyanka started Something Awful several months before leaving his previous job, after using his "Cranky Steve" persona to write a comedic website update deriding the attitude and work performance of a fellow Planet Quake administrator. He moved the "Cranky Steve" personality he had created to the Something Awful site in 1999.[8] In the years immediately following Something Awful's launch, several sponsors, including GameFan and eFront, failed to compensate Kyanka as promised for advertising on the site.[9][10]
In 2001, the site began charging an activation fee (currently US$9.95) for forum access.[11] Non-members are not able to post messages or threads. Non-members were unable to read the forums as well, for random periods of time, as part of paid sign-up drives. From the second half of 2013 and on, this state is permanent. Non-members have not been allowed to read the forums since then. The site and forums draw continuous income from fees for new accounts, forum upgrades such as custom avatars and access to the forum archives and search features, and merchandise sales.[11]
Reportedly, this "10bux" (as it is often referred to by SA members) cost scheme was originally implemented for the following reason, as taken from the forum rules page:[12]
We here on the Something Awful Forums are very elitist and strict assholes. We pride ourselves on running one of the most entertaining and troll-free forums on the internet. This is accomplished by charging a $10 fee to filter out folks not serious about adhering to the rules, and banning those who manage to slip through and break them. We are very serious about keeping our forums clean and troll-free, so please consider your account an investment and treat it accordingly. Read the rules, use common sense, and help keep the SA Forums the best message board on the internet!
Spam Prevention Early Warning System[edit]
On July 20, 2003, the spam filtering organization Spam Prevention Early Warning System (SPEWS) added an entire class-B subnet with the Cogent ISP to their spammer list, since Cogent was hosting a known spammer that SPEWS found difficult to block.[citation needed] Something Awful was added to the list in the process, disrupting its ability to communicate with its customers who were using SPEWS. Upon appeal, SPEWS initially refused to delist SA. The Something Awful administrators responded by telling their users to post their support in the Usenet newsgroup news.admin.net-abuse.blocklisting. However, that group and news.admin.net-abuse.email were flooded with off-topic posts and trolls from Something Awful users, incensing SPEWS advocates. The SA administrators claimed that SPEWS was attempting to hack the Something Awful server. Forum users responded by threatening to perform a distributed denial of service attack on SPEWS, although this type of behavior was strongly discouraged by Kyanka and assistant editor Zack Parsons.[13]
Hurricane Katrina charity[edit]
As the website's servers were located in New Orleans, the site temporarily went offline in August 2005 during the flooding from Hurricane Katrina. After the site was brought to a semi-functional state, Kyanka set up a link to a PayPal account where people could donate money to the survivors of the hurricane via the Red Cross. Kyanka put in $3,000 of his own money,[14] and promised to give some free merchandise to anyone who donated more than $10.[15]
In under half a day, visitors helped to raise US$27,695.41 before PayPal froze the account under suspicions of fraud; automated messages said that there had been "more than one report of suspicious behavior from your buyers."[15][16] PayPal stated that they would unfreeze the account once it was provided with proof of shipping from aggrieved buyers. Due to the nature of the collection, there were no actual "buyers", and it was impossible to provide proof of shipping for an intangible good such as a donation.[16] Eventually, Kyanka contacted a customer service representative over the phone, and asked to have PayPal donate all of the money to the Red Cross. However, he was told that PayPal would only give the money to United Way of America due to their business affiliation; Kyanka initially agreed, but after receiving several emails from readers detailing alleged corruption and inefficiency within United Way, he changed his mind and told PayPal to refund all of the money to the individual donors. PayPal refunded the money, but did not refund exchange and handling fees for international donors.[14]
Public appearances[edit]
In October 2005, Richard Kyanka was invited to speak at the University of Illinois for their reflections❘projections seminar hosted by the Association for Computing Machinery. The presentation, "Enabling the Online Community through Vertical PSOTs and Automated Adverse Content Delivery Systems", primarily focused on Kyanka's professional history, the development of Something Awful, and internet subculture.[17][18]
Uwe Boll fight[edit]
In June 2006, Kyanka accepted an open challenge from German movie director Uwe Boll, who had offered to fight critics of his movies in a series of 10-round boxing matches. Something Awful had posted a humorous review that was critical of one of his films.[19][20] The event took place in Vancouver, British Columbia on September 23, 2006; after being knocked down several times and eventually forfeiting the fight in the first round, Kyanka claimed that he had been told by Boll, a trained amateur boxer, that the fight would be just for show. To that effect, Kyanka purportedly acted like a silent film comedy character during the fight rather than seriously attempting to fight Uwe Boll.[21]
Shooting deaths[edit]
In 2005, William Freund sought advice in the Something Awful gun subforum about purchasing Hevi-Shot brand ammunition[22] several days before embarking on a "shooting rampage", in which he killed two people before committing suicide. Freund had stated in the thread, which was closed before the killing spree, along with his ability to post comments being revoked, that he intended to use the ammunition to defend his Halloween pumpkins from vandals.[23][24]
On September 25, 2007, a forum user posted a thread about a double homicide in Oviedo, Florida that involved an acquaintance.[25] As the thread grew, other forum users eventually found the website of Andrew Allred, who posted on the forums as "Bomber166".[25] The website contained significant details about the victims and the murder;[citation needed] Allred's account was subsequently banned and Allred himself was later arraigned on two counts of homicide, attempted murder and armed burglary.[24] He has since pleaded guilty to the murders of Tiffany Barwick and Michael Ruschack.[26]
Slender Man[edit]
The Slender Man urban legend was created on a thread in the Something Awful forum.[27] On May 31, 2014, two 12-year-old girls in Waukesha, Wisconsin, allegedly held down and stabbed a 12-year-old classmate 19 times; when questioned later by authorities, they reportedly claimed that they wished to commit a murder as a first step to becoming "proxies" (acolytes) of the Slender Man, having read about it online.[28]
Site content[edit]
Something Awful is home to a variety of content, including photo manipulations, parodies, pranks, satirical reviews of products, and reviews of websites, video games, and movies. The material is written by several different editors, and occasionally by members of the forums. On July 12, 2005, David Thorpe, the author of the features Your Band Sucks and Fashion SWAT, "represented" the website on G4's Attack of the Show. He made several absurd claims, such as that the site started up as a monster truck rally newsletter and that the forums were a front for a cult that required a registration fee of $80 per month.[5]
On June 4, 2007, website columnist Jon "DocEvil" Hendren wrote "The Art of Wikigroaning",[29] coining the term wikigroaning. Wikigroaning is a game in which readers explore two Wikipedia articles with similar topics of contrasting seriousness, such as half-life (the scientific concept) and Half-Life (the game), and compare the length and comprehensive depth of the articles. Hendren's article was featured in the Wall Street Journal.[30]
The frontpage article series Golan the Insatiable is the basis of an animated series of the same name that premiered on Animation Domination on Fox on July 27, 2013.[31]
The site is home to a collection of Internet forums running a highly customized version of vBulletin, charging an initial registration fee of US$9.95, with fees ranging from US$4.99 to US$29.99 for additional features.[32]
The forums have spread several Internet memes, such as all your base are belong to us[3] and tourist guy.[2] The forum's users refer to themselves as "Goons". A weekly activity is "Photoshop Phriday", where users will modify existing images to create parodies through the use of image-editing software such as Adobe Photoshop.[33] The website also highlights some of what its administrators believe to be exceptional forum threads in the Comedy Goldmine feature.[34] A forum member also launched 4chan,[35] and the Let's Play phenomenon originated in posts on the Something Awful forums.
During Entertainment Weekly's 2001 "Entertainer of the Year" contest, in which votes are submitted online, forum users quickly found a weakness in the voting system, and scripts were written to vote for Kyanka dozens of times per second, thus ensuring his victory. Kyanka was quickly disqualified when Entertainment Weekly found that many of the votes were coming from very few IP addresses.[36] Kyanka did, however, get his name mentioned on their website.[37]
US diplomat Sean Smith, who was killed in the U.S. Consulate attack in Benghazi, Libya, was a moderator of Something Awful's Debate Disco forum under the username Vilerat.[38][39]
In 2014, the American Folklife Center announced that Something Awful was one of the sites it would be archiving as part of its efforts to compile a history of digital culture.[40]
The Blue Ball Machine[edit]
A prominent periodic activity within the forums is "The Blue Ball Machine", where users create animated images that tile together in such a way as to appear like a seamless whole; these tiles are incorporated into a screensaver which displays them in random order. The feature gained popularity when users on the website YTMND looped the animation to music from Pee-wee's Big Adventure.[41]
See also[edit]
- List of Internet forums
- 4chan
- Anonymous (group)
- Digg
- Facepunch
- Fark.com
- News aggregator
- Slashdot
- ^ "SomethingAwful.com Site Info". Alexa Internet. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
- ^ a b "Tourist of Death". Retrieved November 24, 2006.[unreliable source?]
- ^ a b Johnston, Rich (February 28, 2001). "All your base...". London: Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved November 24, 2006.
- ^ "All Your Base Are Belong To Frogstar". Retrieved November 24, 2006.
- ^ a b David Thorpe, Kevin Pereira (July 5, 2005). Somethingawful.com, Pink Five, Chris Gore (television). G4 television.
- ^ http://www.systemshock.co.za/forums/topic/1209-paypal-blocks-hurricane-relief-funds/
- ^ Lynch, Steven G. "Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka". Retrieved May 10, 2007.
- ^ Kyanka, Richard (May 10, 2005). "Here's Mud In Your Eye, Batman". Retrieved May 10, 2007.
- ^ Dan Knight (October 11, 2000). "Something Awful & Express.com". Low End Mac.
- ^ Tim Johnson (March 13, 2001). "eFront: What Went Wrong?". The Duke of URL. Archived from the original on June 17, 2002.
- ^ a b Jeremy Turnage (2006-01-23). "Something awfully funny". Retrieved 2007-02-13.[unreliable source?]
- ^ Forum Rules
- ^ John Leyden (2003-08-08). "Something Awful going on with SPEWS". The Register. Situation Publishing Ltd.
- ^ a b Farivar, Cyrus (2005-09-08). "PayPal Freezes Out Katrina Aid". Wired. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
- ^ a b Koprowski, Gene J. (2005-09-26). "Feds Investigating Fraudulent Katrina-Related Web Sites". Retrieved 2007-02-18.
- ^ a b Demerjian, Charlie (2005-09-04). "All your donations are belong us". Retrieved 2007-02-18.
- ^ Lowtax speaks at the University of Illinois (2005) - YouTube
- ^ Somethingawful.com
- ^ Kietzmann, Ludwig (2006-09-25). "Uwe Boll does something awful to another critic". joystiq. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ^ Chris Baker (2006-12-01). "Raging Boll". Wired. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ^ Tillson, Tamsen (2006-09-24). "Boll K.O.'s crix in the ring". Variety. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
- ^ "Something Awful forum post".
- ^ Kimi Yoshino (6 November 2005). "The Cyber World Shut Out O.C. Loner Too". LA Times.
- ^ a b "Murderer leaves clues for forum users". 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
- ^ a b "Something Awful Forums". SomethingAwful.com. 2007-09-25.(subscription required)
- ^ Suevon Lee (2008-05-17). "Jury won't weigh killer's sentencing". Ocala Star-Banner. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
- ^ Dane, Patrick (October 31, 2012). "Why Slenderman Works: The Internet Meme That Proves Our Need To Believe". whatculture.com. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
- ^ Gabler, Ellen (June 2, 2014). "Charges detail Waukesha pre-teens' attempt to kill classmate". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
- ^ SomethingAwful.com, "The Art of Wikigroaning"
- ^ Brophy-Warren, Jamin. "Oh, that John Locke". Wall Street Journal (June 16, 2007): P3. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ^ Byrne, Craig (February 28, 2013). "FOX Announces Season Finale Dates & Summer Premieres". FOX. KSiteTV. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
- ^ "Something Awful Secure Purchase System". Retrieved 2009-04-18.
- ^ "Photoshop Phriday". Something Awful. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ "Comedy Goldmine". Something Awful. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ Jerry Langton (2007-09-22). "Funny how `stupid' site is addictive". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
- ^ Adam Gaffin (2001-11-30). "The most useless software ever". Network World. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
- ^ Michael Small (2001-11-30). "Fan Flare". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
- ^ Marsh Davies (2012-09-12). "EVE Online top player was US official killed in Libya". PC Gamer. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
- ^ Benjy Sarlin (2012-09-12). "News Of Foreign Service Officer's Death Breaks Over Gaming Community". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
- ^ Getting serious about collecting and preserving digital culture, by Nicole Saylor, at Folklife Today (at the Library of Congress); published June 5, 2014; retrieved December 15, 2014
- ^ James Lee (July 2006). "1 Web Site, 250,000 Idiotic Clips. LOL!". Wired News. Retrieved 2006-08-11.

subset: commoncrawl


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Outspoken Ryan Babel opens up Liverpool FC exit after interview
RYAN BABEL is edging closer to the Anfield exit after launching an astonishing attack on manager Rafa Benitez and his team-mates. The Dutchman, who misses tonight's Champions League clash with Debrecen due to injury, insists Benitez is partly to blame for his failure to make the grade in the Premier League. And the 22-year-old claims his progress has been hampered by the 'selfish' attitude of some Reds stars. Babel's comments look set to be the final nail in his Liverpool career with Benitez likely to offload the under-achieving winger during the January transfer window. 'I have tried to talk to the manager but it isn't of any use,' Babel said. 'I couldn't really do anything with the feedback Benitez gave me. 'His philosophy is simple - try your hardest in training and then your chance will come. But sometimes I wonder how long I can sustain it. 'Many players can play lots of bad matches and still keep their credits - I can't. 'Benitez is not a man who will give you his trust straightaway. Benitez is a manager who in certain situations can do exactly the opposite of what you expect several times. 'Every time me or my agent (Willie Haatrecht) have a chat with him he stresses I can't leave and he believes in me. 'We have to trust he is telling the truth. Saying it is different to showing it. We have agreed to look at my situation during the winter break. If there's no improvement then, I have to be honest, I want to play somewhere else.
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Photo Books are your own custom memory book for any special occasion. You customize your photo book by selecting the photos, choosing a theme, designing the look and feel of the book, inserting your own words to tell the story, and so much more. Whether it's a vacation, a wedding, a family scrapbook, a special occasion, or any other creative idea you have, a custom photo book is the perfect way to create long-lasting memories that friends and family will enjoy year after year.
Photo Books for Every Occasion


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Contributed by Leanne Guenther
This is a simple paper craft that children can make to decorate their bedrooms or play areas. You can string the pieces up to make a mobile in many different ways (my favorite is using a paper towel roll that I've painted or covered in paper).
Printable version of these instructions.
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Vertex Presents New Phase 3 Data That Showed People With Hepatitis C Treated With Twice-Daily Telaprevir Achieved Viral Cure (SVR12) Rates Similar To Those Treated Three Times Daily
"Telaprevir in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin in HCV/HIV co-infected patients: SVR24 final study results." Oral Presentation #54 November 11, 2012, 4:15 p.m. EST
Final results of a Phase 2 study designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of telaprevir in combination with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin in people who are co-infected with HCV and HIV also were presented at AASLD. Data showed that 74 percent (28/38) of patients who were treated with telaprevir combination treatment achieved an HCV viral cure (SVR24) compared to 45 percent (10/22) of those who were treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin alone. Changes in CD4 counts were similar between the treatment groups and no HIV viral load breakthroughs were observed in either treatment group during the study. The safety and tolerability of telaprevir observed in this study was comparable to what has been observed in HCV mono-infected patients. Adverse events that occurred more frequently (≥10 percent difference) among people treated with telaprevir compared to pegylated-interferon and ribavirin alone included pruritis (itchiness), headache, nausea, rash and dizziness.
"There are many people with hepatitis C who cannot or should not wait to be treated given the severity of their disease," said Kenneth E. Sherman, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the Division of Digestive Diseases at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. "People who are co-infected with hepatitis C and HIV are among those who are most in need of effective new medicines, and these new data showed that three out of four people were able to clear the hepatitis C virus with telaprevir combination treatment. We look forward to the results of the ongoing Phase 3 study."
About INCIVEK
INCIVEK ® (telaprevir) tablets is an oral medicine that acts directly on the hepatitis C virus protease, an enzyme essential for viral replication. INCIVEK has been prescribed to more than 50,000 patients in the United States. Approximately three out of four U.S. patients who are prescribed a direct-acting antiviral for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (HCV) receive INCIVEK combination therapy. In Phase 3 clinical studies, 79 percent of people who had not previously been treated for HCV achieved a viral cure following treatment with INCIVEK combination therapy, compared with 46 percent of those who received pegylated-interferon and ribavirin (P/R) alone. Among people who were treated previously but did not achieve a viral cure, in the Phase 3 studies: 86 percent of relapsers achieved a viral cure with INCIVEK combination therapy compared to 22 percent with P/R alone; 59 percent of partial responders achieved a viral cure compared with 15 percent with P/R alone; and 32 percent of null responders achieved a viral cure compared with 5 percent with P/R alone. In addition, many people are eligible to complete treatment with INCIVEK combination therapy in 24 weeks – half the time required for P/R alone.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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text:
Aqualand Water park map & information, Costa Adeje |
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Aqualand Description Location of Aqualand Aqualand Map Book Aqualand Top of Page Aqualand Water park MapPlaya de las Americas, Costa Adeje, Spain
Aqualand Description There are Restaurants and various catering facilities. Customers are discouraged to bring your own food
Aquapark Octopus is a very popular action packed water park,especially for families with children. The park has dolphin displays, rides and flumes varying from gentle to white knuckle,waterfalls, wild water slides children's climbing frame structures and sun bathing terraces. Changing rooms provided Slides and flumes
Warning!The salt water, action of using slides and flumes soon removes sun block cream from your body. Ensure you reapply a high factor cream on a regular basis to a Childrens Section
. Aqualand Dolphin Show
Aqualand Water slides
Food & DrinksBecause Aqualand is a full day experience yoy will find the following food & drink outlets throughout the water park.
Location of Aqualand TenerifeAqualand is located just on the inland side of the TF 1 motorway (Autopista) near to junction 30 but access is better from junction 29. AddressAvenida de Austria, 15 38660 COSTA ADEJE ARONA (TENERIFE) The Aquapark is located in the Costa Adeje area of San Eugenio Alta, Near exit 29 of the TF1 motorway near Playa de las Americas Telephone 922 71 52 66 or 922 71 42 70 Opening hours 10:00 18:00 Free Shuttle busFree shuttle bus from Los Cristianos and Playa de las Americas. Free buses to AqualandFrom Los Cristianos & Playa de las AmericasThere are 3 FREE buses every morning from Los Cristianos & Playa de las Americas and 3 returning buses in the late afternoon. This is a Walk on Service From Southern Tenerife resortsAlcala, Amarila Golf, Callao Salvaje, Costa del Silencio, Golf del Sur, Los Gigantes, Medano, Playa Paraiso, Playa San Juan There are 3 buses every weekday morning from the above Southern resorts and 3 returning buses in the late afternoon.These buses must be booked via Aqualand not our Book Aqualand, Tenerife below From Puerto de la CruzThere is 1 bus on between 1 to 3 days a week, depending on the season, from Puerto de la Cruz returning bus is in the late afternoon. These buses must be booked via Aqualand not our Book Aqualand, Tenerife below Book Trip to Aqualand, TenerifeVarious options and pickup points are available for the Aqualand Tour Pick Up PointsTenerife Princess Hotel, Playa De Las Americas. 9:40am, 10:40am & 11:40am Duration: 8 hours 10% Discount CJHLNAK |


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September 14, 2009 – The Brown Bag Green Book series sponsored by the Knox County Public Library and the City of Knoxville continues as John Craig, downtown developer, will speak about urban sustainability on Wednesday, September 23rd, at 12 p.m. in the East Tennessee History Center auditorium, 601 S. Gay Street. Craig, owner of Segundo Properties and a key player in the renaissance of downtown Knoxville, will lead a discussion of the book Growing Greener Cities: Urban Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century edited by Eugenie L. Birch and Susan M. Wachter.
In twenty-first-century America, not only open space but also other issues of sustainability—such as potable water and carbon footprints—have become crucial elements in the quality of life in the city and surrounding environment. Confronted by a U.S. population that is more than 70 percent urban, growing concern about global warming, rising energy prices, and globalization, today's decision makers must find ways to balance the natural, economic, and political environment of the modern city with sustainable and responsible view to natural resources.
"Cities are, in many respects, green by their very nature. The density of development that defines an urban area offsets what would otherwise be sprawl into greenfield areas,"says Craig. "Cities with rehabbed historic structures show that preservation is one of the greenest practices around. And the 'walkability' of cities reduces the need for cars to get to the places where we work, live and play."
Craig is responsible for the re-development of multiple downtown properties, including The Gallery Lofts, Emory Place, 29 Market Square, 9 Market Square, and the historic S&W Cafeteria. Currently he is serving as chair of the board of both Knox Heritage and Market Square District Association.
The series continues through the end of the year. On October 28 Dawn Coppock and Pat Hudson will lead a discussion of Something's Rising: Appalachians Fighting Mountaintop Removal by Silas House, Jason Howard, Lee Smith, and Hal Crowther On November 18, Dr. James McIntyre, Superintendent of Knox County Schools, will lead a discussion of Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder by Richard Louv. On December 2, Dr. Bill Shiell, Senior Pastor of First Baptist Church, will lead a discussion of Cheap: The High Cost of Discount Culture by Ellen Ruppel Shell.
For more information, please call Emily Ellis at 215-8763 or Erin Burns at 215-2065, or visit www.knoxlib.org.


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Man Uses Brick in Assault Charge
Thursday, August 11, 2011 - 8:23am
Police arrested 21 year-old Oscar Meraz for attacking another person with a brick at an apartment complex.
Investigators say Meraz admitted to striking the victim with a brick because he was disrespected in front of a group of people. After the assault, Meraz fled the scene but police were able to locate him and make the arrest. His bond was set at $15,000 dollars.
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BSA offers supplemental pack program ideas for each month. One theme for the November core value of Citizenship s a Fifty Great States theme.
Here is what the program helps say about this theme:
"Fifty Great States" reminds us that we are to contribute our service and show responsibility to local, state, and national communities. Cub Scouts develop good citizenship skills when they learn about respecting the flag and providing service to the community.
So this theme will revolve around the ideas of flag etiquette and service to the community, perhaps with a little geography thrown in. Below you'll find some ways to form your pack and den programs around this theme.
November Cub Scout Theme – Fifty Great States (Citizenship)
Tiger Cub Scouts
- Tiger Achievement 2: Where I Live
- Tiger Elective 10 – Helping Hands
- Tiger Elective 11 – Helping the Needy


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Tessa Fowler doing the Dishes
This is what it looks like when mega busty cutie Tessa Fowler is doing the dishes. It looks a hell of a lot better than when I do them, that's for sure.
Video from: Cosmid
This is what it looks like when mega busty cutie Tessa Fowler is doing the dishes. It looks a hell of a lot better than when I do them, that's for sure.
Video from: Cosmid
Where was the dishes?
I am seriously in love with her!
those are gigantic! still wish she didn't gain weight tho. it's okay if i'm in the minority.
The only negative thing I can say about Miss Fowler is she needs to watch her weight.
You got to love her tits.
She is one of those chicks who, even when she loses a lot of weight (see Hooters bikini contest pics) still has MASSIVE tits. So I agree that she looks better when trim, since it doesn't effect her bust much.
she hasn't gained weight she's lost it and quite frankly i like her both ways
She looks good regardless. Those tits are perfect and can only be ruined by age
she is super sexy albeit too young for my tastes. Still, just had to say, as cute and breasty as she is, the video would have been way sexier to me if she had actually been washing dishes or vacuuming or some actual household chores. I love seeing a large breasted woman bent over moving a vacuum back and forth, her big titties swinging under her. Actually, a woman doing anything where she is bent over and her tits are swinging is damn awesome.
I would watch two hours of Tessa Fowler sitting in a chair and not moving. That's how hot she is.
The Hooters bikini pics are exactly what I was thinking about. Those are perfection!
Phenomenal tits! And that ass… My face would fit perfectly in there. I bet she has the sweetest pu$$y this side of the Mississippi!
Fonz from MA
Farrah Abraham |
Tila Tequila |
Octomom |
Kim Kardashian |
Shauna Sand |
Chyna |
Pamela Anderson |


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Developing Exit 159
With three interchanges on the heavily trafficked Interstate 70, Hays is the envy of many a community in Kansas. The proven success of Exit 159, a sales tax-generating behemoth, long made us wonder why the other two had not been developed.
While Commerce Parkway appears to have the more appropriate name, it is 230th Avenue that next will begin luring travelers off the highway.
Already in the works for Exit 157 is a Peterbilt dealership owned by Doonan Truck & Equipment of Wichita. The heavy-truck business will have 12 bays and provide parts and service just north of the interchange. The building is expected to be completed by September.
NWK Investments is planning to add to the synergy of the intersection of 230th and 55th Street. This week, the company will detail its plans to the Hays City Commission for a travel plaza with fuel stations, a 95-room hotel, convenience store with two fast-food restaurants, as well as two casual restaurants. NWK is willing to pay the city an estimated $2 million to cover the cost of hooking up water and sewer services to the site, but wants to remain outside city limits for up to 10 years. Mike Woofter, managing member for NWK, said delaying the annexation process is necessary as the company intends to go through the county for a community improvement district and tax development district, and utilize the Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant program.
The project sounds solid. The developer is using cash for 75 percent of the capital costs, which could run between $14 million and $20 million. An estimated 115 jobs will be created, with annual sales starting at $6.8 million and increasing to $8.5 million by the fifth year.
In a memo to the commissioners, City Manager Toby Dougherty wrote: "Staff feels the proposal is a fair one and could have long-lasting, positive economic benefits for years to come."
That assessment, which we agree with, came with a caveat in the staff's final recommendation: Commissioners should suggest the project come into the city limits immediately. We would have to agree with that as well, and hope the commission sees it the same way. There simply is too much at stake.
The primary concern is water usage. The NWK project would consume an estimated 737,000 cubic feet of water every year. While the increase is less than 1 percent of the city's total consumption currently, it is the equivalent of 114 single-family homes.
There also is the matter of a moratorium the city placed on providing water to any development outside the city limits. The commission approved the prohibition last summer as part of the response plan to the drought. Absent any immediate economic benefit to the city, commissioners would be hard-pressed to justify lifting the moratorium.
If the project was placed inside city limits, there would be immediate economic benefits. An average $150,000 annually in sales tax collections and $35,000 in property taxes would go straight into city coffers. That would be worth the estimated 14 to 18 acre feet of water used every year.
The city could balance the books for NWK by offering a 2 percent CID for 20 years, which would generate more dollars for the developer than the currently envisioned CID and TDD.
Developing this interchange on I-70, particularly when dropped into the city's lap, should be welcomed with open arms. Commissioners need to approve a compromise that benefits both the developer and city taxpayers. It strikes us that staff has recommended the correct balance.
Editorial by Patrick Lowry


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Raphael Winery 2011 First Label Sauvignon Blanc
January 11, 2013 by Lenn Thompson in
Challenging growing season shows here on the nose, which is surprisingly subdued. Light aromas of fresh and candied lemon are joined by subtle notes of minty herbs.
Lighter bodied as well, there are mild flavors of citrus and under-ripe melon as well as light grassy-herbal notes. There is also plenty of fresh acidity — but not really enough of everything else to bring balance.
Producer: Raphael
AVA: North Fork of Long Island
Price: $26*
(2.5 out of 5, Average-to-Very Good)


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File #
Investigators looking into the 2 suspicious fires have now confirmed that the Church and Vehicle fires were deliberately set. This act is a serious occurrence at anytime of the year but especially disturbing with the Easter Season soon to be upon us.
The Castlegar RCMP along with resources from the Kootenay Boundary Regional General Investigation Section, Castlegar Fire Department and B.C. Fire Commissioners Office are involved in this investigation.
Officers are presently completing the scene examination as well as interviewing witnesses and following up on any tips or information received from the public.
RCMP investigators continue to ask anyone that may have taken video or photographs of the Catholic Church fire to please attend the Castlegar Detachment and pass along the footage or photos of the fire.
Police are seeking the public's assistance, if any person saw something suspicious in either area on the night of March 25, 2013, or who may have any information with respect to these fires, they're asked to call the Castlegar RCMP at 250-365-7721 or Crime Stoppers at 1-800-222-TIPS. Callers to CRIME STOPPERS remain Anonymous and may be eligible for a reward.
Sgt Laurel Mathew
NCOi/c Castlegar Detachment
Released by
Cpl. Dan Moskaluk
District Advisory NCO (Media Relations)Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Small market and CSA grower. 1/2 acre. Doing too much by myself but trying. http://www.localharvest.org/member/M33044
Central Minnesota Zone 4
"My body is a temple - unfortunately, it's a fixer-upper."
"And no, I'm NOT being snarky."
Zone 7a, Culpeper, Virginia
western SD rancher/teacher/Gramma/crazy chicken lady
The sign of a good gardener is not a green thumb, it is brown knees.
West central Michigan along the lakeshore.
quote:Yes to both of you. I knew a market grower in MA, Italian fellow, who said tomatoes love hot weather and no matter what you do they won't produce until hot weather. He'd start his 6-8 weeks before last frost, then pot them up in his little greenhouse once or twice more, and not put them out until mid- to late June -- long after everyone else. But he had the first tomatoes every time. clap
quote:There are some things you can just "throw on the ground" even it it's practically frozen, if that gardening itch just HAS to be scratched. Think of things that self sow, often they need a bit of cold treatment anyway: larkspur, parsley, allysum, coriander/cilantro, dill, borage, summer savory, cosmos, etc. I love to wander around in February scattering larkspur seeds, thinking of June!
There's plenty of room for all God's creatures.......................right next to the mashed potatoes.
The high Utah Desert---Zone 3 to 5
(it's a crap shoot every year)


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ResearchOutlook: Media and consumer tech in 2015
In 2015 expect the payoff for video ad tech to begin, sharp growth for OTT, and more legal battles for net neutrality. Read more »
Alerts notify you of new stories or reports as soon as they are published. They are delivered via email and can be customized by topic and frequency.
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Use the filters below to edit your Alert.
In 2015 expect the payoff for video ad tech to begin, sharp growth for OTT, and more legal battles for net neutrality. Read more »
DirecTV soft-launched its Latino streaming service Yaveo Monday, offering three live TV feeds channels as well some 2700 hours of on-demand content for $7.99 per month. Yaveo operates completely separate from… Read more »
As other types of publishers have before them, the TV industry's digital strategy increasingly will need to incorporate the mobile-first principle. Read more »
On the evening of Sept 28, Open Garden co-founder and CEO Micha Benoliel was on Skype call in a hotel room in Hong Kong complaining to his CMO Christophe Daligault that… Read more »
Don't expect Comcast to target customers of Cox or Cablevision with a internet-based TV service like the ones Sony and Dish are getting ready to launch. Read more »
An anonymous messaging app called PeeeM has made a name for itself in the Middle East, where it's found a following among youngsters and communities that can't flaunt their lifestyles in… Read more »
The app formerly known as Gogii will soon be formerly known as TextPlus. TextPlus is launching its next-generation communications app, NextPlus, which is designed around the virtual phone number. Read more »
Insofar as the FCC's goal is to create a level playing field, where OVDs could compete effectively with facilities-based pay-TV providers, the disparate treatment of broadcast and digital rights will make… Read more »
Consumers have been waiting forever for real TV options over the internet — now they may finally get them. Here's what the FCC's big announcement could mean for you. Read more »
As sports viewing increasingly goes over-the-top and mobile, taking the traditional broadcast audience with it, big-ticket, broadcast-only rights deals are going to grow increasingly problematic for the broadcasters. Read more »


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POSTED: Tuesday, November 15, 2011 - 2:58pm
UPDATED: Friday, April 13, 2012 - 8:54am
UPDATED: Friday, April 13, 2012 - 8:54am
WACO -- A Waco man is accused of stabbing his own brother.
25-year-old Miguel Angel Gonzalez was arrested early Sunday morning after stabbing his brother who was trying to protect a woman Gonzalez was hurting.
The victim was able to get the woman out of the house before coming back and getting stabbed.
"As we got there we found out that the arrested person was intoxicated, had pulled a knife on his brother so he was arrested with aggravated assault," said Sgt. Patrick Swanton, Waco police spokesman.
Gonzalez is in the McLennan County Jail charged with aggravated assault and aggravated assault family violence.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Latik | |
Type | Dessert topping |
Place of origin | Philippines |
Cookbook:Latik Latik |
Latik | |
Type | Dessert topping |
Place of origin | Philippines |
Cookbook:Latik Latik |
Latík (Tagalog pronunciation: [laˈtɪk] la-TIK) refers to two different ingredients in Philippine cuisine. In the north it refers to solid coconut curds, the byproducts of coconut oil production, used as garnishing for a variety of desserts. In the Visayan region it refers to a thick syrupy caramelized coconut cream used as a dessert condiment.
Latík in Luzon is made from coconut milk simmered in a saucepan until it reduces to coconut oil and solids begin to form at the top surface. These solids are left to fry in the coconut oil until golden brown.[1][2]
Latík is commonly used as toppings for a variety of Philippine dishes including maja blanca, sapin-sapin, and ube halaya.(mashed purple yam).[3][4]
They are sometimes mistaken for fried caramelized coconut flesh (another type of garnishing/dessert known as bukayo in Bisaya).[1]
Latík in Bisaya literally means 'syrup' (equivalent to the term arnibal in Hiligaynon). It can refer to any type of thick sweetened liquids including jam.[5] In the most common usage, however, latik means a syrupy condiment derived from reducing coconut milk and sugar.[6][7]
It is used much in the same way as syrup, in dishes like kalamay and suman.[8]


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EUGENE, Ore. — As the Ducks football team rushed home, fans rushed out to snag the first shipment of Fiesta Bowl Championship gear.
Thanks to Nike's all-night printing, shirts arrived in Eugene within 24 hours of the Ducks Fiesta Bowl victory, but it took some extra effort from store staffs.
"As soon as they win, they start printing shirts up in Portland, and we drive up there to get them," said Jordan Hall, employee at The Duck Store. "Our drivers left home at four o'clock in the morning to head up to Portland where they were being printed overnight."
Both The Duck Store and Fred Meyer spent the whole day getting the shirts to all their locations across the state, but there's not a ton to pick from. So far just Nike's designs are available and local companies will likely trickle in over the next week or so. But even once all the options are in stores, though, merchandise managers say the most popular shirt is always the same every year–the ones the teams wear after the game.
"Still the locker room T-shirt, the one the players wear right after the game. The hat will most likely be the same way, just because when you're watching that on TV it's kinda cool to say this is what they players got," Hall said.
That's exactly what fans were thinking as many made trips just for the shirts that read "champions."
"I came for a Duck shirt, and I saw on TV that Fred Meyer would be having them, so it's my day off and I'm getting one," said customer Barb.
It's not just another bowl shirt to add to the closet, but a representation of adding another BCS victory on the resume, both for the team and for the fans.
"It's a collectors item. This whole area won the Fiesta Bowl," said Dave Nelson, Fred Meyer employee.


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Agriculture PR Beauty & Fashion PR Entertainment PR Environmental PR Financial PR Food & Beverage PR Healthcare PR Home Furnish. PR Professional Svcs PR Sports PR Technology PR Travel PR
Chicago Connecticut Boston Florida Los Angeles Area Midwest Cities New York & NJ Pennsylvania San Francisco Area Southeast Texas Washington, D.C. Western Cities
Greentarget Global LLC One North LaSalle, 27th flr., Chicago, IL 60602 312/252-4100; fax: 312/252-4110 www.greentarget.com Corporate, financial, professional services, biotechnology and other industries. Full range of communications services: planning, research, crisis, publicity, executive positioning, succession planning, litigation communications and more. Employees: 35. Founded: 2005.
Agency Statement:Greentarget Global LLC is a strategic communications firm serving clients who operate in the highly competitive B2B space. Professional services, financial, corporate, and biotechnology are just some of the industries in which we work. At Greentarget, we believe that effectively managed dialogue within the marketplace holds the promise of adding value to every organization. We provide our clients with strategic communications expertise focused exclusively in the highly competitive business-to-business arena. This single focus plus our in-depth knowledge of key industries, powers our ability to provide insightful counsel and innovative thinking. We look beyond simply using a tactical public relations approach to place our clients' messages in a myriad of media channels. Instead, we focus the power of strategic communications to ensure that our clients build and deepen the relationships that make a difference to their business - the relationships that impact the long-term value of their organization. Founded in 2005, and headquartered in Chicago, IL, Greentarget offers clients a world-class team with a strong entrepreneurial spirit. Our leadership and account teams provide clients with the collective experience gained from working for some of the world's largest public relations firms and corporations. With additional locations in London, Los Angeles, New York and Sacramento, Greentarget is home to more than 40 staff members, and a host of support professionals that work with us as needed. The firm was named twice in the last 3 years to Inc Magazine's "Fastest Growing Companies" list, was awarded, "New Agency of the Year" in 2005 by The Holmes Report & nominated for PRWeek Awards "Boutique Agency of the Year" in 2012. Greentarget Strategic Communications Direct the Conversation.
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text:
Reviewer: Neha Vapiwala, MD
Abramson Cancer Center of The University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: July 6, 2003
Authors: Nachman JB, Sposto R, Herzog P, Gilchrist GS, Wolden SL, Thomson J, Kadin ME, Pattengale P, Davis PC, Hutchinson RJ, White K; Children's Cancer Group.
Source: J Clin Oncol. 2002 Sep 15;20(18):3765-71
Standard therapy for pediatric Hodgkin's disease is combined modality treatment, typically COPP/ABVD chemotherapy with 25 Gy of involved-field radiation therapy (IF-RT). Long-term survival results with this therapy are 95% in early stage and 85% in advanced stage disease. Given this excellent outcome, the focus has become how to reduce treatment-related toxicity, specifically late effects of chemotherapy and radiation. This study was started in 1995 by the Children's Cancer Group to investigate whether the superior event-free and overall survival data produced with combined modality regimens could still be achieved with chemotherapy alone in patients who showed complete response to chemotherapy.
Entire cohort
Randomized Group
Jun 27, 2012 - For patients with favorable-risk Hodgkin's lymphoma who achieve a complete early response to chemotherapy with vinblastine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), methotrexate, and prednisone, two-year event-free survival rates are high with limited use of radiotherapy, according to a study published in the June 27 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.


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Frazee's seedy side
Around the turn of the 20th century, Frazee was a hopping town. The lumber business was in full swing and population was around 2,000.
With that large population of mostly men from the lumber industry, so came plenty of crime and prostitution.
Yes, the underbelly of life in Frazee will be revealed during the Becker County Historical Society's Hidden History Happy Hour on Thursday, April 25 at the Hostel Hornet in Frazee.
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April 15, 2010
This meeting was held at the White House Conference Center, 726 Jackson Place, Washington, D.C.
Kathy Winchester (FMS) opened the meeting and reviewed the agenda. Then, she asked attendees to introduce themselves and indicate their organizational affiliations.
Edwin Walker (FMS) presented the draft scenario for Prior Period Adjustments Due to Corrections of Errors Years Preceding the Prior Year. He provided a brief overview of why the scenario was created. Edwin suggested printing this scenario in color because the tables contain color-specific coding that would benefit the readers understanding. Previously, the IRC saw Prior Period Adjustments (PPAs) and Prior Year Adjustments (PYAs) presentations. The original scenario addressed PPAs due to corrections of errors in the prior year only. That is, if an agency presented comparative financial statements for fiscal 2009 and 2008, the error would have occurred in the earliest year presented (fiscal 2008). However, the current scenario addresses corrections of errors in the years preceding the prior year. Meaning, if those same comparative financial statements were presented, the error would have occurred prior to the earliest year presented. As a result, three new USSGL accounts were created:
Edwin also proposed adding two new lines to the Reclassified Statement of Changes in Net Position:
These lines ultimately will impact the Governmentwide Financial Report System and the Financial Report of the United States Government.
In addition, the following changes were discussed:
Gwendolen Marshman (FMS) presented the Draft Scenario for Actuarial Liabilities. The scenario proposes two new USSGL accounts that will allow agencies to report a specific activity without using the USSGL crosswalk footnotes. The proposal also illustrated the proper transactions for estimated loss on actuarial liabilities. The USSGL staff will modify USSGL transactions to reflect the revised accounting for the new accounts.
Gwen indicated that last year the USSGL staff was approached about a reporting issue in fiscal 2008. The Balance Sheet, line 24, Federal Employee and Veterans Benefits, contained USSGL account 2690, Other Actuarial Liabilities. Several agencies have material activity in USSGL account 2690 that is not related to Federal employees and veterans benefits. Last year the temporary remedy was to add USSGL account 2690 to the fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2010 Balance Sheet crosswalks, line 27, Other Liabilities, with the footnote, Other than Federal employee and veterans benefits. At an IRC meeting on May 21, 2009, the Department of the Treasury mentioned that it had similar activity that would require a new USSGL account. The Government Accountability Office identified additional agencies that would benefit from using the proposed USSGL account 2660, Actuarial Liabilities for Insurance Programs. The proposal was to create and or modify the following:
Kathy said USSGL account 2400, Liability for Nonfiduciary Deposit Funds, Clearing Accounts, and Undeposited Collections, is a liability to one agency and a receipt to another agency. However, this USSGL account is associated with a clearing account; therefore, it is Government money and represents Government revenue.
Kathy thanked everyone for attending and stated that the next IRC meeting is scheduled for Thursday, April 29, 2010.
Kathy Winchester, FMS Karen Metler, FMS Karl Boettcher, FMS Edwin Walker, FMS Gwendolen Marshman, FMS Tiffany Dillworth, FMS Ben Sussman, FMS Kathy Schoenburger, FMS Martin Greg, FMS Robert Hoiday, BPD Carol Berg, BPD Daniel Smith, DOC P&T Eileen Parlow, FASAB Mai Ly Chi, GAO Diane Washington, DOI Sherry Lee, DOI James Shea, DVA Gene Kim, NSF Karen Hunter, SSA


text:
UK & World News
Ex-KKK Leader Held Over Jewish Centre Shootings
The man accused of killing three people at Jewish sites has been identified as a 73-year-old white supremacist who was once the subject of a US-wide manhunt.
A doctor and his 14-year-old grandson were shot dead at the Jewish Community Centre of Greater Kansas City and a woman was killed at Village Shalom several streets away.
The suspect also shot at two other people but missed.
Frazier Glenn Cross was arrested at an elementary school in the area, and local television channel KSHB said he was heard shouting "Heil Hitler" as he was taken away.
He was booked into Johnson County jail on a charge of first-degree murder.
Cross, who also uses the name Frazier Glenn Miller, ran for public office in 2006 and 2010 on a white power platform.
The suspect was identified by prison officials and other local authorities.
Overland Park police Chief John Douglass, who refused to confirm the suspect's identity, said he had made several statements to police.
But he said it was too early in the investigation to determine whether there was an anti-Semitic motive for the attacks or whether they will be investigated as hate crimes.
"We haven't ruled out anything," he said.
The killings came on the eve of the Jewish festival of Passover, which begins today.
The Southern Poverty Law Center, which tracks hate groups, said Cross founded the Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and was its "grand dragon" in the 1980s.
The Center previously sued him for operating an illegal paramilitary organisation and using intimidation tactics against black people.
He later founded another white supremacist group, the White Patriot Party.
An Army veteran and retired truck driver, Cross was the subject of a nationwide manhunt in 1987 after he violated the terms of his bond while appealing a North Carolina conviction for operating a paramilitary camp.
The two male victims, identified by their family as Dr William Lewis Corporon and his 14-year-old grandson, Reat Griffin Underwood, were both Christians.
Dr Corporon had taken his grandson to the community centre so that the boy could take part in a singing competition, family members said, according to a hospital spokeswoman.
"We take comfort knowing they are together in Heaven," the family said.
A shotgun was used in the attacks and authorities are trying to establish if a handgun and assault rifle were also used.
US President Barack Obama said the shootings were "heartbreaking".


text:
Drug Notes
UPMC Patient Education Materials
Calculators and Assessment Tools
Anatomy Navigator
Conditions Navigator
Fleas are small insects that feed on the blood of humans, dogs, cats, and other warm-blooded animals.
Dog fleas; Siphonaptera
Fleas prefer to live on dogs and cats. They may also be found on humans and other warm-blooded animals.
Pet owners may not be bothered by fleas until after the pet is gone for a long period of time. Fleas look for other sources of food and begin to bite humans. Bites often occur around the waist, ankles, armpits, and in the bend of the elbows and knees.
Symptoms of flea bites include hives, itching and rash.
The rash:
You may also have swelling around a sore or injury.
A skin biopsy is sometimes done.
The goal of treatment is to get rid of the fleas. This can be done by treating your home, pets, and outside areas with chemicals (pesticides). Small children should not be in the home when pesticides are being used. Birds and fish must be protected when chemicals are sprayed. Home foggers and flea collars do not always work to get rid of fleas. If home treatments do not work, you may need to get professional pest control help.
You can use an over-the-counter 1% hydrocortisone to relieve itching. Antihistamines you take by mouth may also help with itching.
Getting rid of fleas can be hard and may take many tries.
Scratching can lead to a skin infection.
Prevention may not always be possible. Use of chemical sprays may be helpful if fleas are common in your area. Professional pest control may be needed in some cases.
Habif TM. Infestations and bites. In: Habif TP, ed. Clinical Dermatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 15.
Kevin Berman, MD, PhD, Atlanta Center for Dermatologic Disease, Atlanta, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.
For help in finding a doctor or health service that suits your needs, call the UPMC Referral Service at 412-647-UPMC (8762) or 1-800-533-UPMC (8762). Select option 1.
UPMC is an equal opportunity employer. UPMC policy prohibits discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, age, sex, genetics, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, familial status, disability, veteran status, or any other legally protected group status. Further, UPMC will continue to support and promote equal employment opportunity, human dignity, and racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity. This policy applies to admissions, employment, and access to and treatment in UPMC programs and activities. This commitment is made by UPMC in accordance with federal, state, and/or local laws and regulations.
Medical information made available on UPMC.com is not intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should not rely entirely on this information for your health care needs. Ask your own doctor or health care provider any specific medical questions that you have. Further, UPMC.com is not a tool to be used in the case of an emergency. If an emergency arises, you should seek appropriate emergency medical services.
For UPMC Mercy Patients: As a Catholic hospital, UPMC Mercy abides by the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services, as determined by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. As such, UPMC Mercy neither endorses nor provides medical practices and/or procedures that contradict the moral teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Austin man dies from injuries sustained in Waskish accident
An Austin man died of injuries he suffered when he fell off the tailgate of a pickup truck, Beltrami County authorities said.
Loren Peters, 34, died May 15 at a Fargo, N.D., hospital from injuries sustained in the 9:30 p.m. May 13 accident, Beltrami County Sheriff Phil Hodapp said in a statement.
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Hi guys, I wanted to start with reliable recipes but it is pretty difficult to get most ingredients in Ireland so I had to adapt some recipes I found here. Beersmith seems to be OK with that but I would like your opinion before ordering everything. I am aiming (loosely) for an acid IPA (Brewdog's Punk IPA style), not a bitter one. Irst IPA American IPA Type: Extract Date: 11/11/2012 Batch Size (fermenter): 5.00 gal Brewer: Boil Size: 3.67 gal Asst Brewer: Boil Time: 60 min Equipment: Pot ( 4 Gal/15.1 L) - Extract End of Boil Volume 3.38 gal Brewhouse Efficiency: 72.00 % Final Bottling Volume: 4.60 gal Est Mash Efficiency 0.0 % Fermentation: Ale, Single Stage Taste Rating(out of 50): 30.0 Taste Notes: Ingredients Ingredients Amt Name Type # %/IBU 1 lbs Caramel/Crystal Malt - 30L (30.0 SRM) Grain 1 11.1 % 8 lbs Extra Light Dry Extract (3.0 SRM) Dry Extract 2 88.9 % 1.00 oz Summit [17.00 %] - Boil 30.0 min Hop 3 24.6 IBUs 1.00 oz Summit [17.00 %] - Boil 15.0 min Hop 4 15.9 IBUs 1.00 oz Summit [17.00 %] - Boil 10.0 min Hop 5 11.6 IBUs 1.00 oz Summit [17.00 %] - Boil 5.0 min Hop 6 6.4 IBUs 1.00 oz Summit [17.00 %] - Boil 0.0 min Hop 7 0.0 IBUs 2.0 pkg Safale American (DCL/Fermentis #US-05) [50.28 ml] Yeast 8 - 1.00 oz Chinook [13.00 %] - Dry Hop 7.0 Days Hop 9 0.0 IBUs 1.00 oz Summit [17.00 %] - Dry Hop 7.0 Days Hop 10 0.0 IBUs Beer Profile Est Original Gravity: 1.071 SG Measured Original Gravity: 1.046 SG Est Final Gravity: 1.016 SG Measured Final Gravity: 1.010 SG Estimated Alcohol by Vol: 7.3 % Actual Alcohol by Vol: 4.7 % Bitterness: 58.6 IBUs Calories: 151.6 kcal/12oz Est Color: 7.1 SRM Mash Profile Mash Name: Single Infusion, Light Body, No Mash Out Total Grain Weight: 9 lbs Sparge Water: 1.75 gal Grain Temperature: 72.0 F Sparge Temperature: 168.0 F Tun Temperature: 72.0 F Adjust Temp for Equipment: TRUE Mash PH: 5.20 Sparge Step: Remove grains, and prepare to boil wort Mash Notes: Simple single infusion mash for use with most modern well modified grains (about 95% of the time). Carbonation and Storage Carbonation Type: Bottle Volumes of CO2: 2.3 Pressure/Weight: 3.61 oz Carbonation Used: Bottle with 3.61 oz Corn Sugar Keg/Bottling Temperature: 70.0 F Age for: 30.00 days Fermentation: Ale, Single Stage Storage Temperature: 65.0 F Thanks for your input. Regards, Sam
Looks like a tasty IPA, but it's not going to be that close to Punk IPA. They use Nelson Sauvin hops which has a fairly distinct flavor.
Looks good to me. I don't brew IPA's so one of those experts will have to comment on hops.
Thanks guys! I just ordered everything, I might brew this on Sunday (quite excited actually). A4J, if I get a drinkable and not too bitter IPA, it will already be a huge success!! Then, I ll invest the money required to get something really close the the Punk IPA (I love that stuff)
Just to let you know, it is bubbling happily in the fermenter!


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The new Chase Bank $125 cash bonus coupon code promotion is now available with direct deposit good until 7/7/2014 Simply set up direct deposit along with $100 opening deposit to receive $125 cash bonus. You could apply online or print out the coupon and take it to the nearest branch. You may also ask them for a $100 Savings account coupon for $10K deposit, your mileage may vary depending on the CSR and Chase bank location. Find all Chase Coupons on our exclusive list!
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If you are wanting to find credit cards by credit score you are in the right place.
First, if you do not know your credit score there are various places to get it. You should run this just to know where you stand. If you are ever down at a car dealership and are applying for credit, they are going to run your credit score. Take advantage of that and get it from them just so you know it as of that date. If not just go online and pay the $15 one time fee per year to run it.
The various credit categories are listed below:
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Depending on your credit score, you can click on the links above and compare and review all the credit cards available. When you have decided on a credit card for you, just click on the apply here button to be taken directly to that issuers online credit card application. It is easy to fill out and get approved.
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Allis Chalmers WD help with parts pricing
I was wondering if anybody had any idea what a narrow front end for a Allis Chalmers WD would be worth along with what a mag would be worth? Any help would greatly be appreciated some ideas in mind but not sure if I am in the right ball park. thanks
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