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Michael Engelhardt (MM Choral Conducting) is the conductor of Millikin Men. He was born and raised in Woodstock, Illinois, and holds degrees from Millikin University and Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Michael has conducted numerous choral, pop, and vocal jazz ensembles throughout his career at such institutions as the University of Northern Iowa, Hannibal-LaGrange College, Alderson Broaddus University, Willow Creek Community Church, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, and Millikin University. He is currently the Worship Arts Director at First Christian Church in Decatur, Illinois, where he oversees a vibrant arts program that includes a volunteer choir, band, technical arts, and a semi-professional chamber ensemble called Vocasphere. He and his church staff will collaborate to launch a Worship Arts Academy in the Fall of 2013. As a composer and songwriter, his work is primarily published by Walton Music and Willow Creek Association. His music has been performed and recorded recently by such groups as Cantus and Chapter 6, and has been featured on numerous ACDA and All-State programs by college and high school choirs. He has shared the stage with pop music legends such as Ben Folds (Ben Folds Five, NBC's The Sing-Off), Kerry Livgren (Kansas), and Abraham Laboriel, Sr. (bass player for Stevie Wonder, Elton John, and Michael Jackson).
Dr. Guy Forbes, Associate Conductor of Choirs and Chair of Music Education joined the Millikin Faculty in 1995. In addition to conducting the Millikin Chamber Chorale, one of Millikin's top two touring choirs, Dr. Forbes also conducts the Millikin Madrigal Singers. As Chair of Music Education Dr. Forbes has overseen the growth and development of one of the largest and most successful undergraduate music education programs in the Midwest. His responsibilities include teaching conducting and choral methods as well as other upper level choral music education courses. Dr. Forbes is also an award-winning composer with compositions published through Alliance Music, Hinshaw Music, Treble Clef Press, and Pavane Publishing. His compositions have received critical acclaim and have been performed on numerous ACDA and MENC programs including performances by both the 2008 Wisconsin All-State Choir and the 2009 New Mexico All-State Choir. His compositions may be accessed through his web site at: www.guyforbes.com
Beth Holmes currently conducts the Millikin Women, a choir comprised of 80 selected singers, and serves on the Millikin voice faculty. Under her direction the choir hosts an annual Women's Choral Festival on campus, takes an Illinois tour, and performs for the popular Millikin Christmas Vespers and other annual concerts. Beth is an active guest conductor, directing District and All-State festival choirs and Convention Honor Choirs throughout the Midwest. Recent appearances include Women's Honor Choirs on the 2010 Regional ACDA convention in Minneapolis, as well as state ACDA conventions in Illinois, Florida, and Minnesota. A graduate of Kansas State University, Beth subsequently completed a Masters in Choral Conducting at Arizona State University. She served as the Artistic and Musical Director of the Millikin University Children & Youth Choir Program for 7 years, conducting its premiere ensemble and coordinating a staff of conductors, managers, and Millikin student interns. She has served as ACDA Repertoire and Standards Chair for Women's Choir in both Iowa and Illinois, and maintains a private voice studio in her home. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Dr. Brad Holmes has been Director of Choir Programs at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois since 1991. During this time Dr. Holmes has overseen the growth of the choral program to four traditional choirs and a variety of smaller vocal ensembles involving more than 300 students and five conductors. In addition to conducting the University Choir, Dr. Holmes teaches classes in conducting and choral methods. He is artistic director for Millikin's annual Christmas Vespers, an event that attracts more than 6,500 people annually. Under his direction the Millikin University Choir has performed before both regional and national conferences of the American Choral Directors Association. Dr. Holmes's extensive guest conducting schedule has included All-State choirs, ACDA Honor Choirs and District festivals as well as church music clinics throughout the United States. Internationally, he served as Visiting Fellow at Wolfson College in Cambridge, England. He has conducted choirs in 35 countries in Europe, South America, East Asia, the South Pacific and Australia.


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My grandmother's maiden name is Bridges and I need to find more information about her mother and father.
Her name is Mona Aliene. She has two sisters. Their names are Mary and Sarah.
If you think that you might have information about my family tree please contact me via e-mail.

subset: commoncrawl


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Isolated in its own room and made spookier by sombre organ music, Viacrucis is a twenty-minute video montage riffing on the fourteen Stations of the Cross the path of Christ to his death on Calvary. The disturbingly graphic piece culls current events from mass media sources, fusing images of people inflicting harm to themselves with the social unrest and political malaise plaguing the artist's homeland. He does so as a metaphor mirroring religious martyrdom. In one scene a man in a cloth codpiece, yoked by a sign identifying him as a thief, is beaten and stomped by a crowd. Another segment depicts a suicide calling for his mother on the evening news before shooting himself in the head. The funeral of Pablo Escobar gets big play as throngs of people are shown storming the open casket to paw at the drug baron's remains. Shouts of "Pablo! Pablo!" stain the air while wild-eyed police in riot gear try in vain to gain control of the mob. Other segments include a masked wrestler buried alive in a pine box, a bald parishioner wearing a crown of thorns in a church, and a man trying to wash a hooker's feet on a street. A bit of levity is injected in the provocative piece when customs agents in Canada discover a statue of baby Jesus shipped from Colombia and stuffed with a kilo and a half of cocaine.
Exiting the room, a siren's wail rises through the space. It comes from Restrepo's Protomartires (Protomartyrs), commissioned by CIFO for the show. The 42-minute video is designed as a contemporary santoral, or calendar of the lives of saints.
Entering the separate viewing room, the racket is seen coming from a virgin draped in white who bellows, "I love God, but he is sad" into a bullhorn. Other saints and mystics include a nun dragging skeletal remains on a rope across a courtyard, then forcing her arms through its ribcage. Some of the segments show a friar fanning the air with a palm frond and a priest pushing a rock up a ladder until he disappears from the screen.
There is a bone-jarring exaltation of violence in much of Restrepo's work, but his imagery is impossible to tear away from, and considering the subject matter, astonishingly fresh. It suggests how Christianity took root in the New World at the point of a sword, and how for many the shaky path to paradise still seems paved as much by death as by faith.
The recipient of CIFO's 2007 Achievement Commission, Eugenio Espinoza deservedly gets the marquee treatment at the space.
The Miami-based Espinoza, whose work has rarely been seen locally, first wrenched necks in 1972 during his debut museum solo show in Caracas, when he was only 22 years old.
At the time his work offered a direct challenge to the geometric abstraction that had a chokehold on Venezuela and much of Latin America.
That same year he also presented El Impenetrable (The Impenetrable), an installation of reticulated fabric covering the floor of the Ataneo de Caracas, which restricted the viewer from entering the exhibition space.
During the past three decades he has explored the parameters of the grid, the underlying structure of modernist visual arts, with both a conceptual rigour and a relentless sense of purpose reminiscent of Jim Jarmusch's Ghost Dog samurai warrior.
His exhibit is rife with wonky variations on the grid, including a nifty suite of digital c-prints documenting a happening staged in 1973, during which people tied strips of grid-covered canvas to each other's legs and ran through a parking lot; others chewed through the stuff, or cocooned themselves in it
Other works from the Seventies include a series of artist's sketchbooks, neatly displayed in a vitrine in the middle of the gallery, that add to the highly polished museum quality of the show.
A series of recent black-stripe-on-white-paint canvases cover the walls of an entire room and hopscotch between traditional notions of painting, sculpture, and installation.
Otro Geometrico (Another Geometric) literally stands the grid on end. Overlapping acrylic on canvas panels are arranged against a wall in what suggests an animal shape nesting on a pair of car jacks.
In a nearby corner, Bloque y Pedazo de tela is a wedge of gray-carpeted two-by-four wooden blocks stacked on the floor.
Other playful, smartly composed pieces are precariously balanced on a ceramic bear, portable file cabinet, or a glass jar full of herbs, like a ball perched on a seal's nose.
Those wondering if Espinoza might soon tire of strumming the same song need only enter Negativa Moderna, his site-specific installation created for this show, and a raucous answer to his Impenetrable.
In it Espinoza has put his grid paintings through a thresher and arranged their guts on the gallery floor. He invites spectators to enter the room without fear of getting tangled up in the tentacles of geometric abstraction, but rather to be free to join him in continuing to gleefully trample over the ubiquitous grid instead.


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Physicist Blanton on "How to Map the Universe"—Feb. 10
Jan 9, 2015
NYU Physicist Michael Blanton will discuss "How to Map the Universe" in a public lecture on Tues., Feb. 10, 5:30 p.m. at NYU's Jurow Lecture Hall.
Read More
Research, College of Arts and Science, Events, Speakers @ NYU |
Press Release


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Brown holds talks with Gillard, Swan
PUBLISHED: 27 Aug 2010 10:55:28 | UPDATED: 28 Aug 2010 04:00:30PRINT EDITION: 27 Aug 2010Australian Greens leader Bob Brown says he's held constructive talks with Prime Minister Julia Gillard and her deputy Wayne Swan about Labor forming a minority government.
Senator Brown did not want to disclose details of the meeting, held at Parliament House in Canberra on Friday morning, but said it had been positive.
"We are looking at what assurances there would need to be to give stable government for the future of this country," he told reporters.
"There is progress afoot there."
Senator Brown said Opposition Leader Tony Abbott on Monday promised he would get back to him at the end of this week to discuss the next parliament, but he had so far heard nothing.
"Very happy to talk to him about the same matters, if he wants to do that," he said.
Ms Gillard is expected to hold a press conference late on Friday morning.
While no formal deal had come from the latest talks with Ms Gillard, Mr Swan and newly-elected Greens MP Adam Bandt, Senator Brown said his party was "working" to see a Labor - not coalition - government formed.
"If you look at the policy platforms, you can see ... we run into the difficulty of Tony Abbott saying there will never be a carbon price," he said, adding the Greens' door was always open to discuss the matter further.
Senator Brown called on Mr Abbott to commit to a three-year term of government no matter who was prime minister, and rule out the possibility of a second, early election.
"Everywhere I go, people are very upbeat about the potential for a new and much more exciting period of government," he said.
The Greens leader also asked Mr Abbott to promise that the coalition wouldn't block a Labor government's budget bills in the Senate.
Family First senator Steve Fielding, one of seven crossbenchers who will hold the balance of power in the upper house until the middle of next year, has refused to rule out rejecting all Labor legislation or guaranteeing support for supply bills.
"This casts a shadow over the stability of government," Senator Brown said.
"It needs to quickly be met by an assurance from Tony Abbott and the opposition that they will not go down that path - that they will ensure supply.
"I can give that guarantee from the Greens."
The Greens, who will hold a partyroom meeting in Canberra on Tuesday, will not demand a cabinet presence in the next government, Senator Brown said.
Related News
Read more
People | Bob Brown, Julia Gillard, Wayne Swan, Tony Abbott |
Topics | Politics /Federal Politics |


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One source for sound nutrition advice on cancer prevention and diet is the American Dietetic Association (ADA). As a reference for meal planning, the ADA recommends ChooseMyPlate.gov and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Both of these support the "total diet approach" to eating. This means long-term eating habits are more important than what you eat at a single meal. In their words, "there are no good or bad foods, only good or bad diets or eating styles."
The My Plate plan is a guideline to help you eat a healthy diet. The My Plate plan can help you eat a variety of foods while encouraging the right amount of calories and fat. The USDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services have prepared the following My Plate plan to guide you in selecting foods.
My Plate is divided into five food group categories, emphasizing nutritional intake of the following:
Grains: Foods that are made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley, or another cereal grain are grain products. Examples include whole wheat, brown rice, and oatmeal.
Vegetables: Vary your vegetables. Choose a variety of vegetables, including dark green, red, and orange kinds, legumes (peas and beans), and starchy vegetables.
Fruits: Any fruit or 100 percent fruit juice counts as part of the fruit group. Fruits may be fresh, canned, frozen, or dried, and may be whole, cut-up, or pureed.
Dairy: Milk products and many foods made from milk are considered part of this food group. Focus on fat-free or low-fat products, as well as those that are high in calcium.
Protein: Go lean on protein. Choose low-fat or lean meats and poultry. Vary your protein routine -- choose more fish, nuts, seeds, peas, and beans.
Oils are not a food group, yet some, such as nut oils, contain essential nutrients and can be included in your diet. Others, such as animal fats, are solid and should be avoided.
Exercise and every day physical activity should also be included with a healthy dietary plan.
Always consult your health care provider regarding your healthy diet and exercise requirements.


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Acid Collector Tin Reviews [view details]
Give us YOUR review!Showing 21 through 30 of 37 reviews
"Great Cigars, Purists may disagree"
Drew Estate's Acid cigars are incredibly different and unique. Not everyone will enjoy them, but for those who give them a shot, I am confident they will find a smoke they will more than enjoy within the Acid lineup. The best advice I can give from the few I've experienced to someone who hasn't had an Acid cigar yet is simply the following. If you expect "incense sticks or potpourri", that is what you'll get, if you are expecting something new and entirely different from your run-of-the-mill premium stick, that is what you'll get. Enjoy!
Daniel Ocean in Indiana October 28, 2008
"Acids are the Bomb!!"
Acid cigars are now my primary smoke. I love the Kuba Kuba!! The only thing I would like to see though,is the availability of the Ming, now that is an awesome cigar!!!
Daryl in Mount Vernon, NY October 4, 2008
"MING... it's a nice, mild stick"
After letting the sticks from the sampler sit in my humi for over a month at 71rh, at 75deg., the ming is a smooth, mild, and lightly spiced stick. It is a shame you can't get these in 5pk, or 5PF deals. as these sticks are a nice change up stick every now and then. I rated it as an 8.5 avg. because it has somewhat of an wrapper issue. The wrapper is delicate and can tear easily if not handled carefully. other than that, this stick would have gotten about a 9.0-9.2 rating from me as it was a pleasant and well constructed and flavourful stick. the draw is really nice. so if you want to try something different and you like flavoured cigars.. give these guys a try....
D. Tennant in winter haven September 12, 2008
"Get hooked on ACID!!!! Best taste of a cigar!!!"
Get hooked on ACID!!! the enfused flavor is awesome!!
Murf in Indiana August 29, 2008
"Best Sampler for the money"
Every cigar in this sampler was perfect, Acid makes an unbeatable product!!!
Justin L. in Alaska August 17, 2008
"try this tin"
I bought this sampler to see what all the fuss was about.
I did not think i was going to like a flavored smoke. but after smoking most of the tin l bought sevrel boxes of my favorites.
This is a great smoke.
Maybe not a all the time cigar.
But if you like a super tast experince, Acid is well worth owening.
Doug in new jersey August 4, 2008
"Find one you like, buy a box"
After smoking the contents of his tin I must say that Nastys, C-notes and Kuba Kuba are great cigars. The rest are ok tasting in my opinion, but as always, your taste will probably be different to mine. Get one of these tins at this great price, smoke them and buy a box of your favourite. Still wish they sold them in the UK, but then they'd sell for some ridiculous price probably!
Cider glider in Wales July 25, 2008
"Anything Drew Estate natural/flavored is a must"
If its drew estate, any flavor, any natural..... Acids, isla's, java etc should be in your humidor along with some natural ones. Drew estate knows what they are doing and produces everything at greatness
Brian M in Tx June 8, 2008
Not a cigar for the more natural flavored goers, but definately not something to miss out on either way. I love Acid cigars!
Eddie in Texas May 3, 2008
"Awesome Cigars"
This sample pack comes in a great price. Take the sale price and divide that by the 14 cigars you get to try out - that's a good deal. The sample time includes a wide range of Acid cigars, all excellent cigars.
Tastes vary, some people like the sweet cigars, and some don't. Most of the cigars in the tin are sugar tipped, so when you wet the wrapper to cut or take your first puff you're going to get a blast of sweet. After that things smooth out and you get a nice smoke.
If you've never tried an acid cigar before I'd recommend against buying this pack. Go out to a store and smell the tobacco that's used as packing around the cigar. The rejected filler and cut ends are used as packing around the cigars. You can get a really good idea of what you'll be smoking from that. For your first cigar try an Atom Maduro or a Kuba Kuba - these are great cigars with a little more body. If you want something lighter, than go for a Cold Infusion Tea.
If you live in Wisconsin, Illinois, or Indiana check out a Drew Estates tasting at your local cigar shop, the rep for this area is the greatest!
Matt in Chicago April 12, 2008


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For more information on KPFA's archiving policy go here: Learn More.
With Kris Welch.
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Saturday Morning Talkies - March 26, 2005 at 9:00am
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Saturday Morning Talkies - March 19, 2005 at 9:00am
Protests around the country today, on the second anniversary of the invasion of Iraq...
Saturday Morning Talkies - March 12, 2005 at 9:00am
Whats happening in Oakland Schools? And for that matter, all across the country...
Saturday Morning Talkies - March 5, 2005 at 9:00am
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Looking for more? Click here to browse all available archives of this program.


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C.S.I. Services An Authorized Dealer For WetStone Product Line
C.S.I. Services is a distributor for WetStone Technologies and it's line of superior forensic tools and training.
Established in 1997, WetStone is recognized as a world leader in advancement
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WetStone Technologies Investigative Products Contact us for more information about the WetStone product line and how C.S.I. Services can bring them to you. Law Enforcement & Educational discounts available. |
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At Aloha Air Conditioning, we provide essential ac repair services to Broward & Palm Beach County. Regardless of the size of the property, we can meet the demand. We offer:
Air conditioning installation
Home air conditioning maintenance services
Air duct cleaning
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AC Repair
As Rheem Team Top Contractors, we provide an array of air conditioning systems that meet the needs of any home or business. Thanks to our skilled HVAC technicians, we can perform a qualified assessment of your property, and will use this to determine which system will meet your particular needs. Also, Aloha provides maintenance throughout the year, which will ensure your system lasts longer.
Aloha is passionate about providing our customers with clean air, so we also perform air duct cleaning services and service or install air purification systems. These can be used to ensure your property is free from allergens such as mold, fungi, and dust mites. Air conditioning and purification systems provide you with fresh and clean air to breathe.
Aloha Air Conditioning has been in business since 1982. Our team of highly skilled HVAC technicians is available to perform assessments, installations, and maintenance to residents of Fort Lauderdale, Pembroke Pines and surrounding areas.
Need to prepare for Hurricane Season? Prepare for Hurricane season with Tips on our YouTube Channel.


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Guardia Nueva Tickets
With some of the most unforgettable performances in classical music, there's huge demand for Guardia Nueva tickets. Find the Guardia Nueva tickets you're looking for on viagogo, the world's largest ticket marketplace. Select an event to view the range of tickets available or view the Guardia Nueva tour on a map to find an event near you. You can also sell your spare Guardia Nueva tickets on viagogo, and listing tickets is free. All Guardia Nueva tickets are covered by the viagogo Ticket guarantee!
Guardia Nueva
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Sign up here for information on upcoming onsale dates, times and venue information. Be the first to know when Guardia Nueva tickets go on sale
More about Guardia Nueva Tickets
Buy or sell your Guardia Nueva tickets at viagogo. You can also sign up for Ticket Alerts above to stay informed about upcoming Guardia Nueva performances and tour dates. If you have any questions about using viagogo, visit our Frequently Asked Questions page.
viagogo is your online ticket marketplace for concert tickets, sports tickets and theatre tickets.


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Took a ride over to Kidron, to Lehman's. Visited there on the last trip here, many moons ago. My oh my! They have enlarged the facility, a LOT! Before, small aisles, crowded, reminded us of hardware stores of a prior time. Now, large airy aisles, very yuppy, designed for the "destination" shopper in mind. They even have a small coffee house type area, and yep, they sell lattes.
Still have all the interesting items stocked for the Amish and those who choose to live an easier lifestyle. Course, you are gonna pay for that simple lifestyle, goodness!
Items spotted: stoves that use coal or wood, saw one, the Enterprise, priced at $7,995. Frigs, electric, by Heartland, designed to look old, or retro, priced at $5,420. Coke cooler kitchen, including fronts for dishwashers, microwaves, stoves, frigs, if you love red this is for you!
They sell frigs powered by kerosene. Freezers powered by propane. And, our fav - - frigs powered by solar power. Hmmmm, maybe that is why we spotted so many homes of Amish with one solar panel on the roof??
They do have a web site: http://www.lehmans.com/
Take a virtual tour, be sure to check out the stoves and frigs!


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name blame
Posted by Mark J. Miller on September 9, 2011 04:02 PM
Whether you are looking for or trying to avoid pornographic material on the Internet, the .xxx domain name that'll kick off publicly next year will certainly help you travel whichever path you've chosen.
But before ICM Registry, the company in charge of the domain launch, opens up its doors for any Dick and Jane to register whatever website URL names he or she can dream up, it is asking for companies to pre-register names or apply to block registry of their brands, according to the Washington Post.
The domain name registrar even took out full-page ads in the Los Angeles Times and Financial Times this week to promote the launch of .xxx.
That process begins today, Sept. 9, and ends Oct. 28. Currently, if you are somebody who wants to block a .xxx site being created with your own site's name attached (brandchannel.xxx, anyone?), you can pay the fee to have that blocked.
According to ICM's press release, "ICM Registry is also sensitive to non-industry brand owners who do not want their trademarks associated with adult content. Our unique Sunrise period offers an exclusive window for trademark owners' outside of the sponsored community to apply to opt-out of the registry, enabling businesses to be proactive in avoiding brand conflicts."
However, the Post points out, a month from now marks the beginning of the "land rush" portion of the process, which allows anyone to come in and buy up whatever domain names they want ... except for a few choice words that ICM is saving to auction off.
The folks at Merriam-Webster's have never felt so saucy.
More about: Online, Domains, sTLD, Naming, ICM Registry, .xxx
Related posts
Dashworlds says:
Ignoratio Elenchi (or Smoke and Mirrors)Through a mix of hope and fear, ICANN's new gTLD program is aimed to cause maximum knee-jerk reaction. Assisted by a small group of associates and using finely honed scare tactics, the anticipation is that big business won't miss several million dollars going into the pockets of a select collection of gTLD salesmen.It is important to remember that DotXXX and Dotcom are just one part of an infinite and evolving universe and that alternatives are already available (e.g. it's now possible to register new style Dashcom domain names such as "business-com" or "jazz-music" or "happy-birthday" at zero cost).If we sit back and do not explore the options we cannot complain. If we sit back and do nothing we have only ourselves to blame.
September 10, 2011 06:28 AM #
Associate Consultant, Verbal IdentityNew York
Resource AssociateNew York
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Freelance Trademark AnalystNew York
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Airlines, Alcohol, Automotive, Beauty, Beverages, Branded Entertainment, Design, Corporate Citizenship, Entertainment, Fashion, Finance, Food, Healthcare, Luxury, Media, Mobile, Non-Profit, Pharma, Product Placement, Retail, Sports, Sustainability, Tech
Tips? Ideas? Contact:firstname.lastname@example.com


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Apple versus Samsung: How the jury can decide
PUBLISHED: 23 Aug 2012 10:11:06 | UPDATED: 24 Aug 2012 07:53:06PUBLISHED: 23 Aug 2012 PRINT EDITION: 24 Aug 2012Charles Arthur
So you got the gig as a member of the jury on the Apple-Samsung trial. It's been a blast so far: big names such as, well, perhaps not, but Phil Schiller, Apple's longtime head of marketing has testified, and Scott Forstall, head of the iPhone and iPad software division, as well as members of Apple's design decision. Samsung has also had designers on hand, though more of the time has been spent with expert witnesses.
Now comes the tough part, though. The judge is winding up and you have to decide on the merits of the cases of the two companies in front of you. The judge has given you a briefing note that is (we kid you not) 109 pages long. Even the paper on which you're meant to write your verdict is 20 pages long, consisting of 33 questions, for which there is a literally astronomical number of possible permutations if you were to answer at random.
The decision is going to make an enormous difference, and will be heard around the world. The two companies between them control about half of the world's smartphone market; Samsung has more than half of the Android smartphone market; the two collect the majority of the profits and revenues in the smartphone market; Apple is Samsung's largest customer, and Samsung is Apple's largest supplier.
This is an unusual case because it's not one-way traffic. Apple is accusing Samsung of violating patents on how a number of its phones work, and also of creating products intentionally designed to look like the iPhone and iPad so as to tempt buyers into thinking they're the same thing.
But Samsung is accusing Apple of infringing a number of its patents, particularly relating to 3G (UMTS) standard which is used in the US and Europe on millions of phones by using the technology without a licence.
OK. Deep breath. Here's how to work through the list.
1) Start at Samsung's end of the case
Its claims are, in comparison, pretty simple to figure out. Did Apple use the UMTS/3G patents without a licence? It certainly used them, because the codes are part of the 3G standard. But Apple says that by using Intel chips which had licensed the patents from Samsung, it is protected by "patent exhaustion" (you can't charge someone twice for using the same patent); and that Samsung's pricing, of about 2.75 per cent of the device's price, is unreasonable use of its monopoly.
Samsung says that although the Intel chips do use its 3G technology, they're designed and built in Germany and shipped to China – and the law requires that they be sold in the first place in the US for "patent exhaustion" to apply. So, is the meaning of "sold" where they're incorporated into an iPad or iPhone – or where Intel and Apple sign the contract for their inclusion in the devices? Apple's lawyer says the receipt lists "California [Apple's HQ] and Chicago". Decide, jurors.
Samsung also says that Apple infringed three other patents: the use of email in a camera-equipped phone; bookmarking a photo in a camera-equipped phone's image gallery; multitasking on a mobile device so you can listen to music in the background. Apple says these are either invalid or not infringed. Samsung says they're valid, and infringed, and it deserves a payment (of about $US200 million).
Answer those, and that's 10 questions of 33 sorted out. You'll have to figure out how much, if anything, Apple or Samsung is entitled to damages from this part, but you can probably come back to it later.
2) Now figure out Apple's claims. Start with whether Samsung really copied the "functions"
Apple says that it patented a number of elements used in the iPhone and iPad – the "rubber band" effect when you try to scroll past the end of a list, the "double-tap to zoom" effect on the screen, the "pinch and squeeze to zoom", and the general shape of the iPad (the "D'889" patent). It says Samsung infringed them all with a number of phones and tablets.
Samsung says they were either obvious, or that it didn't infringe them, or that there was already existing "prior art" that incorporated them.
Decide, jurors – based on the many objects and prototypes that have been (in at least one case literally) wheeled into the courtroom. Apple or Samsung? And if you decide in Apple's favour, there's always the question of whether Apple actually suffered financial harm as a result. Did it lose sales?
Oddly, one of the strongest pieces of evidence for both sides is a study Apple carried out, looking at why people bought a Samsung smartphone rather than an iPhone. It was a small study, with fewer than 100 respondents, but the most common reason was because people were on the wrong carrier – the iPhone was only sold on AT&T's network until January last year – and so couldn't get an iPhone. So, jurors, did they get the Samsung because it looked a bit like, and behaved quite like, an iPhone? Or because they liked the phone?
Get this sorted and you've answered another 11 of the 33 questions.
3) Figure out the "trade dress" stuff, which is where the real "copying" claims come in
"Trade dress" is a lawyer's phrase for "what it looks like when you're far enough away not to spot minor differences". It's a sort of "first reaction" thing. Calor Gas bottles have a distinctive shape and colour; if you tried to make a pressurised cooking gas container in the same shape and colour, its lawyers would doubtless grab you on a "trade dress" suit.
Apple is claiming that Samsung attempted to fool the public (not the specialist public, but just the general, undiscerning public) by making a number of its smartphones look like the iPhone 3G and 3GS, and some of its tablets like the iPad. Were people confused by the appearance of the device in a shop to the extent that they bought one thinking it was the other? That would be proof absolute of trade dress confusion – but Apple doesn't even have to show that; only that people might in general have been confused about which is which. That is "trade dress dilution", and another 10 of the 33 questions relate to this.
Apple had a good start on trade dress, with some data from Best Buy about people who had returned Galaxy Tabs because they had bought them thinking they were iPads. The idea that Samsung intentionally copied Apple's designs is one that Apple's lawyers pushed extremely hard during the case. They have produced internal documents in which Samsung staff talk about a "design crisis", minutely compare Samsung's icons with the iPhone's, talking of the difference being "heaven and hell".
Apple's lawyers also showed the evolution of Samsung's icons pre- and post-iPhone – such as the symbol for the phone going from a grid of numbers (for a keypad) to the "landline handset" icon. (It even faces the same way.) Apple also says that Samsung was warned by Google in December 2010 not to make its tablet designs look too much like the iPad. A Samsung engineer who worked on the Galaxy Tab testified to not having heard about that – which Apple's lawyer used in his summing-up to suggest means Samsung executives kept information from its staff and "let them keep copying".
Samsung's rebuttal is to say that it was working on touchscreen phones before the iPhone, and tablets before the iPad. The document was to gee up the troops, not an instruction to plagiarism. And some icon designs just work better than others.
As to the "trade dress" issue, Samsung said that there are key differences in the appearance of the Galaxy Tab and the iPad (the former has a two-tone back, for example) and that anyone who turned a device on would know the difference at once. Apple, it said, is just trying to stifle competition – and the idea that if Samsung hadn't been there then all those people would have bought iPhones or iPads is just ridiculous; they would have bought another Android product at the same price as they paid for the Samsung product.
So, jurors: did Samsung intentionally copy, or is Apple just trying to quash fair competition? On this hangs pretty much the whole case. This takes you to the last two questions (if you've done it our way, although they're 22 and 23 out of 33 on the list): how much money, if any, is Apple entitled to?
The worst question of all? If the jury decides that Apple does deserve damages, then question 23 asks them to list precisely how much – for each of 28 smartphones and tablets.
By now, after four weeks of argument and counter-argument, and who knows how much deliberation, they may just prefer to write a single number down.
The Guardian
The Australian Financial Review
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Topics | Courts & Legal, Technology /Consumer Electronics , Manufacturing |


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Heart disease: Exercising for a healthy heart
When you have coronary artery disease, it is very important to exercise regularly. If you aren't already active, your doctor may want you to begin an exercise program. Even if you can only do a small amount of exercise, it is better than not doing any exercise at all.
Key points
- Talk to your doctor before beginning an exercise program. Your doctor may do an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) and possibly an exercise stress test to assess how much activity your heart can safely handle.
- After you start exercising, stop your activity immediately if you experience chest pain, feel faint or lightheaded, or become extremely out of breath.
- Start an exercise program, such as walking, cycling, or jogging. Try to do moderate activity at least 2½ hours a week. Studies show that exercise effectively reduces the number of fatal heart attacks in people with coronary artery disease.1
- A complete exercise program consists of aerobic exercise, strength training, and stretching.
- Set goals you can reach. If you expect too much, you are likely to become discouraged and stop exercising.
Exercise does not have to be strenuous to be helpful. It is important to include exercise as part of your daily routine. Try to do at least 2½ hours a week of moderate exercise.2, 3 One way to do this is to be active 30 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week. As your fitness improves, you can exercise longer and harder. Exercise programs usually include:
- Stretching for 10 to 15 minutes, to help warm up muscles before exercising to avoid straining muscles and other injuries. It will also help gradually increase your heart rate. Beginning yoga or tai chi exercises might help increase your flexibility.
- Walking, cycling on a stationary bike, using a treadmill, low- or no-impact aerobics such as water aerobics or swimming—all of which strengthen your muscles, help you keep your balance, and improve your conditioning.
- Strength-building exercises using light weights, to help increase the tone and strength of your muscles.
- A cool-down period.
Test Your Knowledge
I should stretch for 10 to 15 minutes before exercising.
This answer is correct.
Stretching before exercising will help warm up muscles, increase your flexibility, gradually increase your heart rate, and may reduce your risk of injury.
This answer is incorrect.
Stretching before exercising will help warm up muscles, increase your flexibility, gradually increase your heart rate, and may reduce your risk of injury.
Getting regular exercise is important because it takes only a short period of inactivity to weaken your muscles and cardiovascular system.
Regular exercise also helps:
- Reduce chest pain (angina) and symptoms of coronary artery disease.
- Control cholesterol and triglyceride levels, especially when combined with lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, not smoking, and reducing stress.
- Reduce blood pressure. When combined with other lifestyle changes, such as diet and learning to handle stress, regular exercise can decrease your risk for heart attack.
- Reduce or control your weight, which can decrease your risk for coronary artery disease and diabetes.
- Reduce stress, lift your mood, and decrease depression and anxiety.
Test Your Knowledge
Exercise can help control your cholesterol (decrease LDL/increase HDL) levels.
This answer is correct.
Regular exercise, especially when combined with lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, not smoking, and reducing stress, can help control cholesterol levels.
This answer is incorrect.
Regular exercise, especially when combined with lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, not smoking, and reducing stress, can help control cholesterol levels.
To get started:
- Have a thorough physical examination before beginning any exercise program. Your doctor may do an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), a test that measures the electrical signals that control the rhythm of your heartbeat, and possibly an exercise stress test to assess what level of activity your heart can handle.
- Before your appointment, make a list of questions to discuss with your doctor. For some general questions, see the exercise planning sheet(What is a PDF document?) .
- Make an exercise plan together with your doctor. An exercise program usually consists of stretching, activities that increase your heart rate (aerobic exercise), and strength training (lifting light weights). Visit a library or bookstore for information on exercise programs. Join a health club, walking group, or YMCA. Many cities have senior centers that offer inexpensive exercise programs.
- Learn how to find the right intensity of exercise. To improve your aerobic power, you do not need to submit yourself to strenuous and uncomfortable exercise. In fact, an intensity of exercise called "conversational exercise" (where you can comfortably have a conversation while you are exercising) can be very beneficial.
- Start out slowly. Try parking farther away from the store or walk the mall before shopping. Over time, you will increase your ability to do more.
- Keep a record of your daily exercise. It is okay to skip a day occasionally or to cut back on your exercise if you are too tired or not feeling well.
How can I measure the intensity of my exercise?
Exercise intensity can be measured in many ways, for example as your:
- Rate of perceived exertion (RPE).
- Heart rate (HR).
Your doctor can tell you the correct rate of perceived exertion or how fast your pulse (target heart rate) should be when you exercise.
An easy way to check whether you are exercising enough, but not too much, is to note how hard you are breathing:
- If you can't talk and exercise at the same time, you are exercising too hard.
- If you can talk while you exercise, you are doing fine.
- If you can sing while you exercise, you may not be exercising hard enough.
Calculating your rating of perceived exertion (RPE)
A rating of perceived exertion, or how hard you think your body is working, is a fairly accurate way to tell how much strain is put on your body during exercise. For more information, see monitoring the rate of perceived exertion (RPE).
It is important that you have a clear understanding of the perceived exhaustion levels associated with each number. A training intensity of 13 to 14 (or somewhat hard) would correspond to an exercise HR of approximately 70% HR max. It is important to use both physiological measurement such as HR and psychological monitoring such as RPE to get a clear and more accurate measurement of your overall intensity.
Calculating your target heart rate
Your target heart rate can guide you to how hard you should exercise so you can get the most aerobic benefit from your workout.
Use this Interactive Tool: What Is Your Target Heart Rate? This tool gives you a target heart rate based on your age, your resting heart rate, and how active you are. The calculation from this tool is accurate for all activity levels, from inactive to very active.
You can use your target heart rate to know how hard to exercise to gain the most aerobic benefit from your workout. You can exercise within your target heart rate to either maintain or raise your aerobic fitness level. To raise your fitness level, you can work harder while exercising, to raise your heart rate toward the upper end of your target heart rate range. If you have not been exercising regularly, you may want to start at the lower end of your target heart rate range and gradually exercise harder.
Target heart rate is only a guide. Each person is different, so pay attention to how you feel, how hard you are breathing, how fast your heart is beating, and how much you feel the exertion in your muscles.
How often should I exercise?
How often you should exercise depends on several factors. Some exercise programs recommend exercising a minimum number of days a week. The American Heart Association and other groups suggest moderate activity for at least 2½ hours a week. One way to do this is to be active 30 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week.2, 4 It's fine to be active in blocks of 10 minutes or more throughout your day and week. The best number of days for you may depend upon your time availability, exercise intensity, the duration of each session, and of course, your overall goals. If you exercise at a lower intensity level, you may want to exercise more frequently. Studies have shown that no significant differences in aerobic capacity are found whether these are consecutive or alternate days. If you are trying to lose weight, talk to your doctor about how much exercise you need.
What about duration of exercise?
How long each exercise session lasts depends on the intensity of the exercise as well as your objectives. Of course, the higher your exercise intensity, the lower your exercise duration may be because of fatigue. You should gradually increase the duration of your exercise as your aerobic power increases. Try to exercise for at least 10 minutes at a time.
How important is the mode of activity?
If you hold constant your exercise intensity, frequency, and duration, the mode (type) of activity you do can improve your aerobic power. You will get the most improvement from exercises that use the large muscle groups, such as walking, running, cycling, swimming, or rowing.
Which kind of exercise is best?
As long as you are exercising large muscle groups, choose an activity that you enjoy. For example, gardening and dancing can be excellent forms of aerobic exercise. Enjoying your mode of aerobic exercise will help you stick to your program, which will help you succeed. Achieving your aerobic goals, losing weight, increasing your energy, or developing a positive outlook will increase your enjoyment of the exercise.
Strength training is an important addition to your aerobic exercise program because it strengthens and tones your muscles and increases the blood flow to your working muscles. Many daily activities and activities on the job require moving, lifting, or controlling a weight. Maintaining and improving your muscular strength and endurance will help you perform these activities with less stress on your muscles. Increasing your strength will also increase your metabolism and energy level.
What type of strength-training exercises should I do?
The keys to a safe and effective strength-training program are function and balance. Function means that a muscle exercise should be directly related to its function. For example, the function of your bicep (muscle on the top front of your arm) is to bend your elbow by moving your lower arm towards your shoulder. An exercise to strengthen your bicep should therefore reflect the full range of this motion. Balance is achieved by strengthening complementary muscle groups (muscles that work opposite each other). For example, your bicep flexes your arm while your tricep (muscle on the top back of your arm) extends your arm; while your bicep contracts, your tricep lengthens.
A good program should also focus on the major muscle groups of your body, especially the muscle groups used in your daily life. Strength-training exercises are described in hundreds of magazines and fitness books and on television shows and Web sites.
If you are a beginner, choose exercises that contain simple motions, emphasize spinal stability, and focus on specific groups of muscles. Most advertised exercises are beneficial and safe if you maintain control of the weight and use the proper technique throughout the exercise. Holding your breath while lifting puts extra strain on your heart, so always exhale when lifting any weight.
Working out with a partner is recommended to keep you safe during your strength training. A partner can make sure that you are lifting the appropriate amount of weight for each exercise and check your form and technique.
What is resistance?
In strength training, resistance is the force that you are pulling against to work your muscles. A common type of resistance is weight. At your gym or fitness center, there are probably many different types of dumbbells and weight machines for you to use. However, resistance for increasing muscle strength and endurance can come from other things besides weights and weight machines.
Your own body weight, elastic bands, and wall pulleys can provide effective and progressive strength training. Begin with a weight that you can easily carry through the required range of motion. You should only increase the resistance [gradually, or by 5 lb (2 kg) to 10 lb (6 kg)] when you can comfortably do the exercises and weights that you've been using for a few weeks.
If you have angina, heart failure, or other heart conditions, you may increase the number of times you perform each exercise, but keep the resistance the same. Your movement should be slow and controlled at all times. If you feel that you cannot control the resistance, decrease the resistance or lower the weight. Avoid straining, and stop exercising if you feel symptoms such as dizziness, unusual shortness of breath, or any form of pain.
What are repetitions and sets?
Repetitions are the number of times you perform each exercise. For example, if you lift a dumbbell up and down once, that's 1 repetition (or rep). If you lift it 5 times, that's 5 reps. Sets are the number of times you do a certain number of repetitions. For example, if you lift the dumbbell 15 times, take a rest, and then lift it another 15 times, you have done two sets of 15 reps each.
The number of repetitions and sets you do depends on your strength-training goals. If you wanted big bulky muscles, you would do a few sets of a few reps with very heavy weights. However, you may want muscular tone and endurance, which means a few sets of many repetitions with light or medium weights. A good place to start is with one set of 12 repetitions. You can gradually work up to 2 or 3 sets of 12 to 15 repetitions.
How can I stretch for flexibility?
Everyone can benefit from stretching exercises, regardless of age or flexibility. It is important for you to make stretching a part of your daily exercise routine. Stretching to increase flexibility should focus on the large muscle groups, and especially muscle groups that affect your posture and mobility.
Before beginning to stretch, warm up your muscles by walking or another gentle movement for a few minutes. You may injure your muscle or tendon if the muscle is cold and has not been used in a while. You should always stretch in a slow and controlled manner. Each stretching exercise should be repeated 3 to 5 times and held for 10 to 30 seconds each time. You should try to gradually increase your range of motion during each repeated exercise. A feeling of tension is normal, but do not hold a stretch that is painful.
General guidelines for stretching exercises
- Stretch before and after exercising.
- Stretch to a position of mild discomfort for 10 to 30 seconds for each stretch. Try each stretch 3 to 5 times.
- Control and hold without resistance
- Emphasis on lower back and legs
How can I include exercise in my daily routine?
Remember that even a little exercise is better than none at all. Here are some tips on building exercise into your daily routine:
- Get up 15 minutes early and stretch.
- Jog in place.
- Take a walk at lunchtime or after dinner. Use the stairs instead of the elevator.
- Walk to a coworker's office instead of calling or e-mailing.
- Get off the bus one or two stops early and walk the rest of the way.
- Wash and wax your car by hand instead of driving through the car wash.
- When you go shopping, park farther away from the store.
- Take a brisk walk around the mall before you start shopping.
- Lift light arm weights while talking on the phone.
- Ride a bike.
- Wash the windows. Work in your garden or yard. Use a push mower instead of a riding mower.
- Walk the dog.
- Work out to an exercise DVD.
- Go dancing.
- Try to be active as a family, like playing tag or catch, and taking active vacations.
How can I stick to my exercise program?
Sticking to a regular exercise schedule requires discipline and motivation. At times, it may seem difficult to keep up with regular exercise and physical activity. However, persistence pays off. There are specific steps you can take to make your exercise program more effective and also to help you stick with it:
- Try to make your exercise fun. Do activities you enjoy.
- Set realistic goals. If you expect too much, you are likely to become discouraged and stop exercising.
- Give yourself time. It can take months to get into the habit of exercising. After a few months, you may find that you are looking forward to it.
- Stay with it. It can be hard to stick with an exercise plan. Try exercising with a friend—it is much easier to continue an exercise program if you are exercising with someone else.
- Reward yourself. Build in rewards along the way that help you continue your program.
What measures should I take to stay healthy while exercising?
When starting an exercise program, keep the following precautions in mind:
- Pace yourself by alternating exercises. Rotate light workouts, such as short walks, with more strenuous exercises, such as low-impact aerobics or swimming.
- Avoid exercising outdoors in extreme temperatures or high humidity or poor air quality. When the weather is bad, try exercising indoors at a gym or walking at a mall.
- Avoid exercises that require or encourage holding your breath, such as push-ups, sit-ups, and isometric exercises. Also avoid heavy lifting.
- If you develop palpitations, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or dizziness or lightheadedness, stop exercising and rest. Call your doctor if these symptoms don't go away.
- Do not take hot or cold showers or sauna baths after exercising. Moderate temperatures are best—very hot or very cold temperatures can be dangerous.
- Ask your doctor about continuing your exercise program if your medications change. New medications can affect your how you feel when you exercise.
- Do not take naps or lie down after exercise because that reduces exercise tolerance. Instead, sit down to rest.
- Take your pulse frequently or wear a heart rate monitor and keep your pulse within the parameters your doctor sets. Watch your pulse when walking up hills or stairs.
- Make sure you adjust your exercise program if it is interrupted for more than just a couple of days. Gradually increase to your regular activity level as tolerated.
Test Your Knowledge
An exercise program usually consists of stretching, activities that increase your heart rate (aerobic exercise), and strength training (lifting light weights).
This answer is correct.
Stretching, activities that increase your heart rate (aerobic exercise), and strength training (lifting light weights) are essential parts of an exercise program.
This answer is incorrect.
Stretching, activities that increase your heart rate (aerobic exercise), and strength training (lifting light weights) are essential parts of an exercise program.
Now that you have read this information, you are ready to plan the exercise program that suits you.
Talk with your doctor. If you have questions about this information, take it with you when you visit your doctor. Take your exercise planning sheet with you when you visit your doctor. Use the sheet to plan the program that will fit your needs. See an example of an exercise planning sheet(What is a PDF document?) . .
Return to topic:
- Jolliffe JA, et al. (2006). Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1). Oxford: Update Software.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (ODPHP Publication No. U0036). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available online: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf.
- Haskell WL, et al. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 116(9): 1081–1093.
- American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology (2006). AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update. Circulation, 113(19): 2363–2372. [Erratum in Circulation, 113(22): 847.]
Last Updated: May 29, 2008
Author: Robin Parks, MS
Medical Review: Caroline S. Rhoads, MD - Internal Medicine & Robert A. Kloner, MD, PhD - Cardiology & Ruth Schneider, MPH, RD - Diet and Nutrition


text:
Some famous people make gaffes. Few people become infamous for just one mistake. That was the fate of goalkeeper, Gary Sprake. It was on 9 December 1967 while playing for Leeds United against Liverpool FC Sprake made an error that is still recalled by football fans to this day. To quote from a new book about Sprake's career: Gary had picked up a back pass from Jack Charlton and was trying to set up a quick counterattack, as he so often did, by quickly throwing the ball out to Terry Cooper who was, however, quickly closed down. Changing his mind, the Leeds �keeper decided to check the throw and pull the ball back into the safety of his chest. But as a result of the icy conditions the ball slipped, went over his shoulder and everyone in the ground knew where it landed. This was probably with the exception of referee, who was said to have turned to Jack Charlton and asked what had happened and what he should do. With typical dry humour Jack replied, �I think the silly so and so has thrown it in his own net; you�ll have to give a goal.� Though Gary became a spectacle of public ridicule it is not a viewpoint shared by other contemporaries and opponents who argue Gary was a first-class goalkeeper � perhaps the best of his generation � who made more than 500 appearances for Leeds United and played for Wales 37 times. His heroics won many matches for Leeds, including the 1965 FA Cup semi-final against Manchester United. �You can take my word for it, and there isn�t a Leeds United Player who will disagree with me, when I affirm that Gary Sprake is the greatest goalkeeper in the world. Bar none.� (Billy Bremner). The new biography, The Forgotten Truth of Gary Sprake, puts the record straight about Sprake's career. It does not attempt to gloss over his high profile mistakes but sets them in the context of many notable achievements. And, with timely resonance, Sprake reveals the darker side of football � the match fixing, the dirty tricks and the 'bungs'. Gary will be signing copies of his new book at The |Works in Cardiff on 11th March at 11am and at The Works in Swansea on Sat 25th March at 11am
Goalie Gary Sprake's nightmare game recalled in new biography
Section Sport | Published on 14 Feb 2006


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