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Posted On: 08-19-2012
Posted On: 08-19-2012
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
This article possibly contains original research. (October 2012) |
The theory of decreasing responsibility is a life insurance philosophy promoted by proponents of term life insurance (as opposed to cash-value insurance). The theory assumes that the financial responsibilities of the insured are temporary and insurance should be purchased to offset those responsibilities. These responsibilities include paying consumer debts, mortgages, funding children's education and income replacement.
With a proper plan, the theory holds that each of these responsibilities is temporary. A person can pay off their debt and mortgage, owning their home outright. Children do grow up and leave home becoming independent of their parents' support. And using concepts like buy term and invest the difference a person should become financially independent having accumulated enough wealth to retire and no longer need to work. At this point the insured could self-insure and discontinue the life insurance program.
The theory also assumes that having investments on hand that produce income or can be converted to cash is preferable to having insurance with a monthly premium. As an example a certain sum in investments, or even as cash in a savings account, is preferable to insurance to the same amount.
The theory holds that with a proper plan the need for life insurance is obviated. The only challenge in this approach is that the insured must take responsibility and consciously plan to become financially independent. If they do not, or are not able, they may not have the assets they need to self insure.

subset: commoncrawl


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Created: 03/13/2014 6:59 PM WHEC.com
By: Associated Press
The Buffalo Bills have reached an agreement to re-sign starting tight end Scott Chandler.
The move was announced by the team Thursday, two days after the NFL's free agency period opened.
Chandler is a seventh-year player coming off a year in which he set career highs with 53 catches and 655 yards. In three-plus seasons in Buffalo, he has combined for 135 catches for 1,623 yards and 14 touchdowns in 59 games.
He scored six touchdowns in both 2011 and 2012, both times matching franchise single-season highs for tight ends.
Chandler's return solidifies a spot that lacked experienced depth. Lee Smith was used more in blocking situations. In December, Buffalo signed Tony Moeaki, who has been sidelined by injuries for two of the past three seasons.
News10NBC/WHEC-TV welcomes your opinion and interaction on our website, but please remember to keep it clean. If you're advertising for another business, being profane, vulgar or slanderous your post will be deleted. By commenting on this website, you agree that anything you post may be used, along with your name and profile picture, in accordance with our Privacy Policy and the license you have granted pursuant to our Terms of Use. Comments are not pre-screened before they posted.


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Summer Camp
Our summer camp runs for 4 weeks in August until the Labor day weekend. It is a day camp that includes lunches and snacks.
Many programs are hosted by members of the local Toronto Jewish community.
Some activities include: Laughter yoga, BBQ party & swimming, Disability sailing at Harbourfront, Slime with Mad Science, Cottage Day, Integrated Sensory Gardens, Overnight accessible camping, Baking, packaging for Tomchei Shabbos, Trampolining, Safety village, Windreach farm, Buskerfest, Beaches, Drums and more!
Winter Camp
Our winter camp runs during the typical school winter break session (mid December to mid January). Our winter social camp includes lunches snacks and some amazing activities that include: Wave pool in Richmond Hill, Visit Royal Bank, Solar Stage Theatre, Bowling, Skating at Nathan Philip Square, Play music at L'Chaim retirement home, Wonderful World of Circus and more!
Spring Break Camp
Spring break camp runs during the typical school spring break session (mid March). This camp includes lunches and snacks as well as great day activities. Some of the activities include: Pioneer Village, TTC ride to Kensington Market, Kabbalat Shabbat at Baycrest, Swimming at Douglas Snow Aquatic Center, Kortright Centre, packaging dry food for Pesach at the National Women Council House, High Park and more!
Please check back for further details and registration forms closer to camp start dates. For more information regarding any of our social programs please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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ThermoRaz Review
What You Should Know
Click Here To See Our Highest Rated Review
There is always a new diet pill or weight loss supplement being released. If you are struggling with weight loss, you have probably at least considered a diet product of some sort. This is common for dieters around the world. Everyone wants to get rid of those extra pounds of body fat, and sometimes a change in eating habits is not enough. Incorporating a regular exercise regime will certainly be helpful. However, adding the right weight loss supplement to the mix can also be beneficial. This is where products like ThermoRaz come into play. This formula is available directly through the official website, but the actual price is not given.
- Raspberry Ketone
- Green Tea Extract
- Garcinia Cambogia
- Lotus Leaf
- L Carnitine
- Konjac Root
- Geranium Oil Extract
Product Features
ThermoRaz is a capsule formula that assists by promoting fat loss, boosting energy levels, increasing the metabolism, and suppressing hunger. After reviewing the official website, it is clear that this product is marketed specifically at women. There is contact information provided, as well as a list of key ingredients used in ThermoRaz capsules. According to the website, you can drop up to 20 pounds in 12 weeks. There is a 60-day money-back guarantee mentioned for this diet pill as well.
The ingredients used in ThermoRaz are Raspberry Ketone (may help with fat burning), Green Tea Extract (may increase the metabolism and boost energy levels), Garcinia Cambogia (suppresses hunger, and may help inhibit fat production), Lotus Leaf, L Carnitine, Konjac Root (this contains fiber and may aid with the digestive process), and Geranium Oil Extract (may provide overall health benefits). ThermoRaz is directed to be taken daily with water.
- The key ingredients used in this diet pill are posted online.
- There is a 60-day money-back guarantee provided with ThermoRaz.
- This diet product contains some natural ingredients.
- The caffeine in this supplement may cause some side effects.
- There is no actual price posted for ThermoRaz capsules.
- This product contains similar ingredients to many other weight loss pills available today.
- It appears that there is an auto-refill payment plan used on the official website, which means you could be charged automatically each month.
As you may have gathered, ThermoRaz seems very similar to many other diet pills available online. While there are big weight loss claims made about this product, there are no success stories presented on the main website. Furthermore, it is concerning that the official price of ThermoRaz capsules is not given. Also, there may be an auto-refill program that applies to this diet pill. This means that once you buy it, you are automatically charged each month afterward, and sent a new bottle of ThermoRaz.


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Resize images instantly with Moo0 ImageSizer
Create multiple resized images instantly with this compact freeware.
Resizing images is one of those "quick and easy" tasks that can turn into a repetitive chore as you resize an image over and over again in an attempt to get it right. Is there a quicker, easier way? Absolutely, with Moo0's ImageSizer. This free tool quickly resizes images to a specified size, but it can also create multiple images in various sizes at once and save them to a new folder in your specified destination. You can quickly find just the right image and delete all the extras simply by deleting the folder.
ImageSizer has a very small interface with two modes: a minimized view with a Drop Box and a drop-down list for choosing Create options, and an Advanced Options view for configuring the program's features. There are quite a few language options as well. The program has two Create modes: Various Sizes at Once and Specific Size. Under the Various settings, we could specify how many images we wanted the program to create at once, select the range of sizes to Maximum or a specific percentage up to 100 percent, and specify whether we wanted to enlarge or shrink images or both. Under Specific Size, we could specify image height and width by pixel or percent, keep the original width/height ratio, and choose whether to enlarge or shrink images or both.
With the program on its default setting, 10 images of various sizes in a 100 percent range, we dragged an image into ImageSizer's Drop Box. It very quickly created our resized images, saving them in a uniquely named folder inside the destination folder. Single images were resized even more quickly, though ImageSizer worked very quickly in either mode. There are few options other than basic ones like Keep on Top. This simple tool has all the settings it needs, though.


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I need to know where the shortcuts on all the races are. Please help me.
Games Guru: Sorry, I don't know any of the shortcuts. I do have something else that might help: L1, R1, R2, SQUARE, CIRCLE.
If you press this sequence while on the main menu, you'll be able to drive any vehicle in the game and race on any track. Winning, however, will be up to you.
In my opinon the game has o.k. graphics. But the game isn't half that bad. Like the saying goes don't judge a book ( game) by it's cover.
I say it is a great classic for the PS2 and actually my oldest game I still have on the PS2.
This is the best game I have ever owned on the PS2. So all you people who think it's rubbish. Think again. It's funny and a great game to play. It keeps me entertained for ever. I recommend you buy it.


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Grants, in amounts of up to $2,500, are available for teachers, guidance counselors, curriculum coordinators, and media coordinators in the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools for various professional growth and enrichment opportunities. Grants are awarded in support of innovative and results-oriented educational opportunities that enable educators to enhance their impact on students and enrich the subject and/or content being taught in the classroom. These projects should expand the knowledge and skills of both teachers and students.
One school may have multiple applicants; however, no teacher will receive more than one grant. Funds cannot be used for salary support of applicants.
Possible requests may include:
Examples of past grants awarded include:
The average grant size is $1,000.
The Winston-Salem Foundation is most appreciative of the following component funds that provide funding for the Forsyth County Teacher Grants:
Deadline: Friday, February 13, 2015 at 5:00 pmDeadline for required principal recommendations: Tuesday, February 17, 2015 at 12:00 pmDownload GuidelinesFor questions or assistance, please contact Latonya Wright, Grants Manager, via email or via phone at (336) 725-2382.
The C. B. Eller Education Fund was established in 1987 by friends and family of C.B. Eller. The Teaching Awards are designed to improve the quality of education in Wilkes County by awarding grants for professional growth for public school teachers. Awards of up to $1,500 will be made for educational experiences, training, or projects that will result in teachers' improved classroom effectiveness. Awards may be made for enrichment studies such as university study expeditions, self-designed educational experiences that focus on individual research, and specialized training through participation in seminar or conference programs. An appointed panel of reviewers will help judge proposals, and the Fund's advisory committee will choose award recipients.Deadline: Friday, March 13, 2015 at 5:00 pmOnline applicationDownload Guidelines For questions or assistance, please contact Andrea Hulighan, Program Officer, via email or via phone at (336) 725-2382.
The Zach Smith Fund was created in 2009 with gifts made in memory of Zach Smith from Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation, Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation, and his family and friends. The fund will provide grant awards designed to improve the quality of education in Mount Airy, North Carolina and may be given annually to public or charter school teachers and/or administrators. The selection committee seeks a wide variety of applications for grant support that will improve the educational quality in Mount Airy. Emphasis will be placed on: the way in which initiative, creativity and imagination are demonstrated in projects; the proposed project's potential impact on students; and the strategic relationship between the proposed project and individual professional growth. An appointed advisory committee will help judge proposals and choose award recipients. Deadline: The 2014 deadline has passed. The next deadline will be in September 2015.Download Guidelines


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Forum Replies Created
5th October 2014, 22:06 at 10:06 pm #277281
Business as usual on Finnish television. The pay-per-view channel MTV Max of course carried the race and it's replay as usual, and the free-to-air highlights were shown on Sub as scheduled in the evening.
And MTV (not Music Television) showed some poor taste by showing Ratzenberger's and Senna's crashes on their evening sport news as part of a brief segment about F1 crashes/safety.
14th September 2014, 19:32 at 7:32 pm #274686According to Grandprix.com/AMuS, Mercedes use/used their joker after Monza.
"–it was on the long straights at Monza last weekend that Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg used eighth gear for the very first time.
"It (eighth gear) was too long for all the other circuits," admitted designer Aldo Costa."
29th August 2014, 21:24 at 9:24 pm #272632I live in Finland and yes, the drivers definitely have an impact on our ratings. Formula 1 used to be hugely popular in the 1990s and early 2000s, mostly due to Mika Häkkinen winning back-to-back world championships. Some of the races pulled up to 1.5 million viewers – that is a huge number for a country with just 5.5 million residents! However, F1 moved to pay-per-view in 2007, and the ratings naturally dropped like a stone. Even though Kimi won the championship that year, the F1 boom was over. I'm not sure if MTV (our broadcaster) publishes any exact figures, but a few years ago some statistic claimed that they had some 200,000 or 300,000 subscribers. But I'm pretty sure that even if F1 was to become free-to-air here, it would not pull over million viewers. The public simply does not care about the sport that much any more.
One of the things to keep in my is that the Finnish people love success. Basically it doesn't matter what sport is happening, if a Finnish athlete or team is successful, people will watch it. Ice hockey is a good example of this: if Finland makes it to the finals of the world cup, the entire country goes insane. If the team drops out during the group stage, the finals do not interest the public. Another prime example was curling during the 2006 Winter Olympics: the Finnish team was rather successful, and the previously laughed at sport suddenly became the national sport, at least for a short period of time.
21st April 2014, 9:12 at 9:12 am #257739To your second question, I'm guessing that it is a simple calculation based on every car starting with 100 kg of fuel onboard.
8th March 2014, 15:34 at 3:34 pm #251254I suppose it could turn out like Bahrain: many people say the race should not take place, some do not comment, and Bernie plays down the whole debacle. And in the end the race goes on as normal, and a week afterwards no one remembers that there even was a political conflict.
15th December 2013, 15:19 at 3:19 pm #247207According to La Stampa, Kimi's preference is 7 (and Alonso's 14).
14th December 2013, 17:46 at 5:46 pm #247190By the way, has the FIA ruled that leading zeros are not allowed? Kimi could apply for 07 instead of 7, and so on.
2nd December 2013, 19:38 at 7:38 pm #246679Jenson Button. Hill, Surtees and Mansell all won their first Grand Prix in the European Grand Prix: Phill Hill 1960 Italian/European GP, John Surtees 1955 Ulster/European Motorcycle GP and Nigel Mansell 1985 European GP (at Brands Hatch). :P
19th August 2013, 8:58 at 8:58 am #240399Can't really isolate one corner, so here's a bunch:
– Shanghai: Turn 14 (the hairpin at the end of the back straight). Mostly because the exit kerb is just so strange, I can't understand why it can't be smoother like any other hairpin.
– Catalunya: that chicane, mentioned 107 times already.
– Silverstone: new Club. I dislike the current double-apex configuration.
– Spa: Chicane. The good old bus stop was a pretty much universally hated corner, but at least it had some character (and those slowmo replays of cars bouncing over the kerbs). This one doesn't.
– Monza: the first chicane. It's like two hairpins. Again, the old one was much more fun.
– Yas Marina: too many to mention. The (almost) unnecessary chicanes at T5-6 and T11-13 stand out mostly.18th June 2013, 5:58 at 5:58 am #237858If I'm allowed to go back to 2002, then Japan from that year always comes to my mind first as a boring race. Absolutely nothing happened in that race, the only event of the weekend I remember is McNish having his huge accident.
12th May 2013, 8:54 at 8:54 am #236485Pretty amazing job by Koiranen, new team and a 1-2 in just their second race. Solid engineering from Finland :)
16th March 2013, 8:17 at 8:17 am #228665Team F1 Free 2013 is great for general info and news, and checking up on things like session start times (although those are on the F1F calendar as well).
11th February 2013, 13:09 at 1:09 pm #141401@ryanwilliams correct (but according to 8W it was Marlboro Lights :P).
10th February 2013, 13:01 at 1:01 pm #141399What were the two main colours of Keke Rosberg's McLaren in the 1986 Portuguese Grand Prix?
10th February 2013, 9:02 at 9:02 am #224493Fisichella at Brazil 2003 – I'd disagree with this (if you take into account the whole 15 years of the teams existence). Jordan was competing for the drivers' world championship just a few years before (in 1999).


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Greerton pedestrian crossing- Fraser St
I support the idea of a pedestrian crossing on Fraser St, Greerton Tauranga, near Pemberton Park and Yatton Park. If a pedestrian crossing is accepted it will be an advantage to... • The children from the childcare centres to be able to cross the road safely to play at the park or go to the library. • The elderly to cross the road safely either walking or on mobility scooters so they can go into Greerton Village. • A walking school bus will be able to be set up along Fraser St as it will be safe to cross the road. • During peak time traffic it will make it easier and safer for pedestrians to cross. • It will make it safer for those playing sports at Pemberton Park to cross, when parked on the opposite side of the road.
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November 10, 2012
At the end of August, I went with my mom and sister to a women's summit conference where Nancy Guthrie spoke. I've read one of her books, Holding On To Hope, which is amazing. I have another one of her books on my "to read" shelf next to my bed. Her ministry to grieving people is real and effective, I highly recommend her materials to any church hoping to start a grief ministry program. For my own remembrance, here are my notes from her talk:
There are 4 main assumptions that we make about how we think life with God ought to work.
1) If I am godly, I won't have to suffer.
WRONG!! Job was godly, he was a great man spiritually, financially, he was respected, etc. YET, he suffered!
2) My suffering is about ME and MY LIFE in the here and now.
WRONG!! Ephesians 6:12 and Luke 22:31&32 tell us about spiritual battles going on behind the scenes. Job's suffering wasn't about his earthly life or anything Job had done, but was instead about how Satan wanted to destroy Job's trust in the God he (Job) loved. Satan wanted to defeat and diminish God. BUT...BUT, God can use the suffering in our lives in the here and now to accomplish something GOOD for His grace and glory.
3) My suffering is the result of God's punishing me for my sin.
WRONG!! If we belong to Christ, SOMEONE has already been punished for our sins!!! Jesus!!! Wow.
4) What I need most is relief from my suffering and answers to my questions.
Wrong!! God has promised that there IS a purpose to our suffering, to conform us to the image of Jesus. That may be ALL we ever know about our suffering in this life.
God is the Creator. I am the created. God does not settle for my small ideals about what He should be doing.
God is a righteous judge. I have limited understanding.
He can do anything He wants to me, He WILL always do what is RIGHT to/with me. I can trust Him even if I never get answers.
Job came to realize that the more he knew about who God is, the more he could accept not having all his questions answered.
We whine about God not being "fair," but in a truly fair world, there would be NO room for GRACE. We do not deserve grace, yet we have it!
Nancy also spoke at length about how Joseph was an Old Testament "Christ-figure" or a preview of what was to come.
Joseph and Jesus both experienced suffering before glory, rejection before acceptance, humiliation which led to exultation, both descended to the lowest pits for victory. Joseph was the beloved son as is Jesus. Both endured much because of their confidence in God. Joseph was exalted at the end and he was set up for the salvation of many, including his family. Joseph was a fruitful sufferer.
But the biggest thing I took away from this conference, the words that changed some of my thinking, that made me reconsider my life....
"What is in your life, that would change everything, if you were to write across it,
'You meant it for evil, but GOD meant it for good' ?"
Think about that. I mean really think about that. Do you have something dark in your past, something hurtful in your present, something scary looming in your future? How does your thinking about that situation change when you really grasp that God means it for good?! Wow. Just wow.
I have so much more to tell you! I have completed my training to become NANC certified (a Biblical counselor) and am plodding away at the exam and paperwork to submit (hopefully this next spring I will be ready to start counseling). This fall, I attended 30 hours of amazing teaching under wonderful NANC counselors. I just spent 5 hours this weekend at a conference where Elyse Fitzpatrick (a NANC counselor also) spoke. Amazing. I am full!! I will share more of the lessons I learned in another post.
God is good!! I am fully satisfied in Him! And know what? He is satisfied in me:)
1 comment:
- Pamela Carson said...
Good thoughts , Lydia. And yes, God is satisfied with you! Oh, how He loves us.
What We're Memorizing This Month
14 Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse them. 15 Rejoice with those who rejoice, weep with those who weep. 16 Live in harmony with one another. Do not be haughty, but associate with the lowly. Never be wise in your own sight. 17 Repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honorable in the sight of all. 18 If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all. 19 Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, "Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord." 20 To the contrary, "if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals on his head." 21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.


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Welcome to our new site!
You have followed a link that no longer exists
Food Safety Magazine has revamped its web site from top to bottom, to provide you with more content, more timely news, more back issues of our magazine, and easier ways to find the information you need most.
These exciting changes also mean that links to our old site no longer function.
We invite you to browse around our new site, we're confident you will find the information you were looking for. You may wish to use the Search function at the top of this page. Or you may use the Categories in the navigation above to find either the specific article you had in mind, or others on the same topics.
We're sorry if our change has caused you inconvenience. But we're certain you'll find that our site is now more informative, more current, and more useful than ever before!
Thanks for your support of Food Safety Magazine.
- The Pieces of the Food Safety Puzzle
A food safety program cannot be implemented without solid levels of management commitment that cross all departments.
- Light at the End of the Tunnel: UV Intervention
Ultraviolet (UV) light has been known for years as a means of disinfecting various substances, especially water.
- A Long Row to Hoe for Safer Food
The proposed Produce Safety Rule takes an integrated and common-sense approach focusing on common actions effective in achieving safe produce.
- Listeria Guidance & Best Practices in Produce Facilities
Published guidance is available to industry professionals regarding recommended procedures for controlling Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat produce operations.
- Blog
- FSM Scoop: GMOs
- By Tiffany Maberry
- FSM eDigest
- FDA Outlook on Funding for FSMA Enforcement
- By David L. Ter Molen
- FSM eDigest
- USDA-FSIS Steps Up Reinspection Enforcement: Do You Have Your Import Paperwork in Order?
- By Deborah C. Attwood, Esq., and Brian P. Sylvester, Esq.
- FSM eDigest
- Produce Safety: Protecting Public Health from the Ground Up
- By Kathy Hardee, Esq., and Kirra Jones, Esq.
- FSM eDigest
- Ebola Virus Disease: Important Aspects for the Food Science and Technology Community
- By Lucia Anelich, Ph.D., and Gerald G. Moy, Ph.D.
- Testing
- Novel Food Safety Technologies Emerge in Food Production
- By Tatiana Koutchma, Ph.D., and Larry Keener, CFS
- Food Labeling for Companies Manufacturing or Distributing Food in China
- By Yingxi Fu-Tomlinson and Vicky Wang
- Traceability Update: Regulatory and Cultural Trends Shift from Response to Prevention
- By Angela Fernandez
- Process Control
- Food Safety and Language Barriers on the Food Processing Line
- By Jay Neal, Ph.D., Philip G. Crandall, Ph.D., Mary Dawson, Ph.D., and Juan Madera, Ph.D.
- Blog
- Making the Case for Critical FSMA Funding
- By Michael R. Taylor
- FSM eDigest
- Mycotoxins: A Food Safety Crisis
- By Huub Lelieveld
- FSM eDigest
- Health and Safety Arguments over GMO Labeling
- By David L. Ter Molen
- Signature Series
- DuPont Q&A on Protein Trends
- By FSM
- FSM eDigest
- Planning for a Recall
- By Kathy Hardee, Esq.
- March 3, 2015
- GAO Report: FDA Not Planning to Meet FSMA Mandates
- February 26, 2015
- EFSA Report Outlines Resistance Levels to Foodborne Illness Treatments
- February 26, 2015
- FDA Releases Enhanced Version of FDA-iRISK for Food Safety
- February 24, 2015
- IFSAC Introduces New Method for Attributing Foodborne Illness
- February 20, 2015
- USDA Announces $6 Million Available for Food Safety Programs
- February 19, 2015
- John G. Surak Earns Freund-Marquardt Medal
- February 19, 2015
- FDA Warns Consumers of Peanut Allergens Found in Cumin Spice
- February 17, 2015
- Listeria Thrives in Retail Delis, According to Purdue Study
- February 10, 2015
- GMA Names Jennifer Cleveland McEntire as VP of Science Operations
- February 9, 2015
- $30 Million to Combat Citrus Disease Announced by Secretary Vilsack
- February 6, 2015
- New Bill Proposes Giving Meat Recall Authority to FSIS
- February 5, 2015
- FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg to Resign
- February 4, 2015
- EFSA Releases Plans for 2015 and Beyond
- February 4, 2015
- IAFP 2015 Registration Now Open


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Islamabad, Jan. 10 (ANI): Pakistani schoolgirl Malala Yousufzai, who was shot by the Taliban for campaigning for girls' education, has been awarded the Simone de Beauvoir Prize for Womens' Freedom by France.
Malala's father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, who accepted the award on behalf of the 15-year-old, said the Taliban are fighting a lost cause and must accept peace talks, reports The News.
Malala was shot in the head by a Taliban hitman while she was returning home from school in Pakistan's northwestern Swat Valley in October. The bullet grazed her brain, coming within centimetres of killing her, travelling through her head and neck before lodging in her left shoulder. She was flown to Britain for specialized treatment.
Yousufzai said that in Pakistan, fathers are known by their sons; daughters are very much neglected, but he is one of the few fortunate fathers who is known by their daughter.
He also called for a change in global politics, saying his country has suffered enormously in an era when "our children were orphaned, our women were widowed and our schools were lost".
Malala first rose to prominence at the age of 11 with a blog for the BBC's Urdu-language service wherein she described her life in Swat under the Taliban, whose two-year reign of terror supposedly came to an end there with an army operation in 2009.
Last month Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari announced a 10 million-dollar donation for a global war chest to educate all girls by 2015 set up in Malala's name.
The "Malala Fund for Girls' Right to Education" aims at raising billions of dollars to ensure that all girls go to school by 2015 in line with United Nations Millennium goals. (ANI)


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WIN a Baby Shower prize pack worth $1000
It's baby shower season and we know there are a lot of expectant mums preparing their picture perfect baby shower- and we want to help! Little Party Love, along with eleven other businesses, will be awarding one lucky mum to be with a baby shower prize pack worth $1000! This prize pack contains gifts and decorations for your dream baby shower- so make sure you enter!
The prize pack includes:
1. $80 voucher to Kitty & Zac
2. Baby shower printables pack by Amity Invites
3. Modern cloth nappy pack from Australian Baby Supplies
4. Nursery e-decorating consultation pack from Emily Kate Interiors
5. Baby journal, easy queasy spray and birth spay from Live It, Do It
6. Blooming Bath from Ruby & Cruise
7. Necklace and handbag organiser from Feathered
8. Pixie rug from Close 2 Baby
9. Rainbow owl blanket set by Em's Crochet Creations
10. Maternity sash and headband by Allure Designs
11. Custom designed baby shower chalk board by Angel Berry Designs
* many prizes are custom orders and may vary from images shown. Sponsors reserve the right to substitute prizes with a similar item to the same value.
111 thoughts on "WIN a Baby Shower prize pack worth $1000"
Fingers crossed…….i'm due on the 4th of November.
Great competition thankyou
"What will it bee?" A gender reveal party with a cute bumblebee theme would be a very original idea.
I don't have any creative ideas): I wish I could!
My most creative baby shower was the Dr. SEUSS themed one. All the decorations were from his books and the expectant mother received everything she needed to decorate the nursery in Dr. SUESS. She loved it!
We put on a beautiful right tea baby sprinkle as we call it.
I once saw online a really cute set up of pink, blue, white and grey colour scheme. Above the food table they had ruffle pom poms with rain drops on string one under the other. I thought this was very cute and effective. I also LOVE the idea of having a gender reveal cake too! (that's if you cant wait long enough, and HAVE to find out the gender of baby like I did! lol)….not my original ideas but I think combined would be a gorgeous idea for a baby shower
There are so many cute baby shower ideas but my favorite has to be the baby in the icecube and when the ice melts people have to yell MY WATER BROKE. Also at micheals there are guestian and answers on a circle made of a think paper or cardboard it was kind of fun hearing the answers its alot of knowledge of babies in general.
I had a baby shower with my first and sinnce she was due in May I wanted bright flowers on the tables. Flowers were not in the budget for my SIL (who threw the shower) or for myself. Instead, what we did was we took marshmallow Peep chicks in multiple colors and stuck them on wooden skewers then stuck the skewers in vases with rocks in the bottom (I would have loved to have filled the bottom with jelly beans). They were centerpieces and snacks Plus it was cute for us since my nickname for my daughter was chicky.
I found really cute lollipop suckers made out of baby cloths/wash cloths on Pinterest! Can't wait to make them for someone.
Best creative idea would be to have all the guests come as pregnant woman . Defiantly have a theme of colour , and play plenty of ridiculous games like a hold ur belly hold a fone and your baby while there would be obsticals along the way like pegging clothes on the line, mop the floor do the dishes and feed the baby.my sister is due in February for a baby boy would love to recreate this
I would love to win this amazing prize!!! I am pregnant with baby number 3 and would to share this amazing prize with my family.
Most creative idea for a baby shower is lollypop cakes designed like rattles xx
Oohh… Baby Shower ideas! the list could be endless! I really love the idea of using mint green, pale pink & baby blue (my favourite colour combination). An old fashioned high tea with pink grapefruit in doily labelled bottles, pretty cupcakes and chicken & cucumber sandwiches. I'd love to decorate with little baby singlets & onsies hung like bunting…. and of course no baby shower is complete without silly games
I love the tiny baby dolls in the ice cubes for drinks!
Under the sea theme would be nice
A baby shower when everyone can guess the sex and whoever is right get little prize packs!
I like to decorate a nice basket and fill it with essentials items.
We had a candy bar for a friend and used gorgeous vintage jars with a baby shower message for them to fill up and take home. We also had high tea with beautiful pastel coloured sweets as the gender was a surprise. A birdcage with cards that were to offer advice to Mum and the same for a message for bub. These will be put away until they are much older and Mum can share. Also played a game where all guests bought a photo of themselves as a baby and we had to guess who was who. Didn't do this but I really love the idea of painting baby singlets for the new arrival.
I'm due march 2nd I'd love to have a full on over the to baby shower because I didn't have one with my first baby
Bundles of fun,
Adorable owl theme,
Baby guessing game,
Yellow scheme.Sweet buffet,
Happy guests,
One happy mum to be,
Ready to party! -
Great competition
I wanted to do a gender reveal cake for my upcoming baby shower but as my child will be the first grandchild on both sides the grandparents don't want to know.
A scrap book for all the guests to write tips for the new mummie and well wishes for the baby
For my baby shower I made a fruit baby carriage – it was so cute and was a great novelty for the day.
Instead of asking for baby shower cards, I asked for people to buy cheap books and write there message in a story book to keep forever.
I love the vintage tea party idea for a baby shower… creative and classy
A clever gender reveal cake or a clever nappy cake creation
My daughter is pregnant and expecting her first child on April 23rd, 2014. She lives pretty far from me, a 4-5 days drive. I will see her hopefully for Christmas, but it is very expensive for either of us to fly. So, her birthday is December 5th, then Christmas Dec. 25th and she won't arrive until Christmas eve. If I want to give her a baby shower it will have to be then. I am deciding what to do. I may only have time to package the presents in separate groups and make her a lovely dinner and enjoy every moment I can before she leaves Jan 2/14. I don't have the time to be imaginative but I have the time to make her happy. Congratulations to all the new and expecting mothers, sometimes everything can't be perfect, just enjoy the moment. That love fills your heart with dreams, patience, understanding, strength and happiness. Family may not be a single moment of elation but it is everything. God Bless.
A High Tea is fantastic.
A little princess shower unique, magical, fun, playful, lots of colour, fairytale items made for food, games, magical surroundings and baby favors.
I would love to win this prize! This is our first child so were very excited!!
Some great creative ideas for baby showers that I have seen are cheap and economical yet effective! I love paper doilies! You can make them into party favor bags and fill them with lollies marshmallows or popcorn. You can Also make them into pom poms by sticking several of the doilies together. They also make great decorations or envelopes for invitations! I just love paper doileys!!
I hope I win!! -
Guests to dress up as their favourite childhood book character, bringing the storybook that portrays their character to give to the mother to be so she can start a story collection for her baby. Also having character food adds to the idea, is unique, so creative and creates a special, gorgeous baby shower for the new mum to cherish forever.
Pick somthing that the mother loves that has nothing to do with babies, like a fav movie or book & have that as a theme so muma feels that for once its all about her. Celebrate the individual she is.
Or plan a fun day: make everyone limbo into the party, have people play celebrity head by placing a famus person on theor back & each time they can get someone to say the word "baby/birth" or what ever you like they get a cahnce to ask a question about who they are.
Play elastics, hopscotch, nursery rhymes. All things that adults need to brush up on with children around! -
the most creative gift I can com up with is a nappy cake for afternoon tea, great comp thanks for the oppertunity
I can't think of any creative ideas at the moment. Just to make sure the mum to be feels absolutely spoilt!
This summer we did The Very Hungry Caterpillar:
OMG this is so exciting
Due on the 4th march, can't wait!! fingers crossed for all!
Creative…. Hmmmm! A womans pregnant belly with foot inprint as a cake sooo cute..
Is 2 have everyone come as a baby girl or boy & have a baby party theme
I've found a great business that does a 4d scan of your baby viewing through your tv! we havnt found out the sex but I would love to win this competition and have that experience aswell at our first shower to see our first little baby moving around with all guests to enjoy the experience also!
My idea for a baby shower is for everyone to share their experiences- bring their favourite children's book from their childhood with a positive message for the new parents inside the cover and everyone to write a funny message on newborn nappies for those midnight nappy changes.
I still love having everyone bring a baby book and sign the inside or back cover with a message to the baby, and also ask everyone to bring a picture of themselves as a baby and make it a guessing game so cute!
I think a great idea is to have a bunch of plain coloured onesies in different sizes and some fabric markers available; guests can decorate a onesie whatever way they want and it's something to keep them occupies during the course of the baby shower.
For all the guests to bring a baby/kids book and inscribe it with a message to the future baby
I'd keep it simple with a garden tea party in appropriate baby colours because honestly who needs the fuss and bother when your belly is huge, your feet are swollen and you've had enough…I know for sure though there wouldn't be a vagina cake within cooey!
Spa party with lots of pamper treatments for mum and guests so its a baby spa instead of shower
hmmm. me creative…no…u think have fun mum to be…
Would love to celebrate in style
Using a watermelon and fruit to make a baby in a pram!
Not sure how creative it was, however our invites were in the shape of cloth nappies and held together (closed) with a safety pin.
I don't have any
Bake cupcakes, make 4 different colors of icing. Have a few different items and writing gels etc. And have a 'baby shower cupcake icing competition'. Messy but so fun and yummy. You can buy some candy babies or gummy babies etc.
Cupcake decorating competition.
Have plenty of decorations, colored icing, writing gels etc.
Messy, but heaps of fun and so yummy. -
My most creative idea for a baby shower is to have a creative baby shower…handmade decorations, handmade favours and fancy food. I love the idea of decorating onesies and bibs over bringing presents, so that the baby has a personalised gift from each guest. A favourite storybook so that the child can appreciate the classics as they grow up. Words of encouragement instead of cards for the new parents. Just spending time with family and friends before things start to get a little more hectic.
Three of my closest friends are currently pregnant and all due within 6 weeks, none are their first child so they aren't intending on having a baby shower, would love to surprise them with a joint shower to celebrate. What a fantastic prize!
baby name celebrity head
I made the table decorations as diaper cakes. Some in the shape of baby wearing outfits, some in the shape of Noah's ark, some original:)
I LOVE the design your own onesie with fabric markers!
I'm due in march with my first. We are very excited Have never been to a baby shower though.
Have the guests dress in blue or pink depending on what they think. Prizes for the best dressed.
Play bubble gun with my boy while taking bath for him. He's never fed up with this way.
I Love the idea of having a Gender Reveal where everyone finds out the Gender at once instead of the usual cake Gender reveal . I love the idea of opening a Box where the Appropriate Colour Balloons Pop out to reveal the Gender to all. It would be a Beautiful Moment to Cherish forever seeing all Your loved ones Faces filled with Excitement.
we used a creative idea at my grandsons baby shower, we kept the one colour theme throughout and had little games throughout the morning, that included all mums.
just called back to share again and say thanks for this amazing competition
I had a "pampering party" for a friend's baby shower. She was "too busy" to have one, but we surprised her and each guest bought a product to pamper Mum, and one for the baby. We had a foot spa and one friend gave her a pedicure and another a manicure while we sat around eating food that everyone had made and chatting. It was lovely and relaxed and we all chipped in to buy a massage voucher as well as a hamper of local handmade clothing, blankets and toys for the baby in the bright colours she had chosen for the nursery.
A game where everyone tries to fold and put a cloth nappy on a baby doll using a nappy pin, not a snappy fastener.
Baby showers are the best things ever
I think a very special kind of shower is a beautiful RAINBOW shower for a very special RAINBOW baby
These showers are the most joyful showers of all All the hard work the parents go through in life and to be given a beautiful rainbow baby is amazing
Bright coloured rainbows and stars and gold pots everywhere fluffy clouds ( of marshmellows :P)I just love baby showers
I think the idea of the guests dressing up as babies or in adult onesie suits would be fantastic. Playing lots of different games & enjoying showering the expected mother with gifts, over afternoon tea. The 2 games that are especially my favourite would be:… All guest are given a new dummy each & have to spit it across the room. The guest who gets there dummy the futherest away wins a prize. All guest must also bring a baby photo of themselves & give it to the host. They are then to be place together on a board for everyone to see. Whoever guesses the most correct answers, of who each individual is, wins a prize.
A housos shazza theme is what i had in mind, sharing around chocolate nappies from what one left behind, letting each shaz take a guess and never having to clean any mess!
"Soon to bee Mama of three" is something I want to plan for myself haha Having my 3rd bubba, a little boy due Jan, and instead of the usual boy themes of cars or boats or animals, I'd love to do a lovely bumble bee theme. Yellow is such a happy colour which fits in nicely for such a happy occassion! It would also flows on from my second baby who I call my little ladybug. So we have a beautiful ladybug and a little bumble bee. Still working on a bug theme for my eldest as all I've ever called him is monkey loo
My good friend recently had twins. Her babies were born early so the baby shower didn't go ahead, but I had in mind a "Pairs" theme (as in the fruit) for her pair of cuties. With this prize we could celebrate with a belated baby shower.
I got a watermelon and some other fruits, and cut it open and turned in to a baby in a pram.
I love the Circus for a baby shower theme (any excuse for cotton candy!!)
My most creative baby shower idea would be to do a gender reveal and surprise that it is twins! BUT I've already told everyone it's twins at this point lol I couldn't wait.
The most fun I have had with a baby shower was when we were not allowed to say baby the whole time if we did we had to hand over our sash to the person who caught us and vice versa the one with the most sashes won a prize pack.
I love the idea of having large squares of different coloured fabric and some fabric markers. Each guest then writes a message or wish for the baby.
The fabric then gets used to make a patchwork quilt for bub that they can hold on to when they get older and see how much everyone loves them and wishes them well. -
I would have a pampering theme baby shower , very girly doing girl things. And I would have someone doing Henna tattooes . I've never had a baby shower but I want to have a relaxing one
Just letting my thoughts run wild…is it possible to have a Fantasy themed baby shower where the mum decorates the venue to what she dreams her son/daughter would be…hero, doctor, or even a millionaire! In the hope her dreams for her child would come true:)
I love the 'guessing' game where everyone predicts the gender, weight and date of the due baby! But the most creative idea I've been a part of is baby photos of each guest and having to guess who they are – a few celebrities were thrown in there just to add some confusion! Classic!
baby shower / Pampering party a girl day
I love the idea of baby dolls in icecubes as a game, the first to get their 'baby' out of the ice shouts, 'My water broke' and wins a prize. Hilarious!
Noahs Ark was a themed baby shower I recently went to it was so cute with animal cupcakes ,animal balloons and themed invites etc ,I cant come up with an idea of my own ..
I know this probably won't be the right answer or probably not what your looking for in an answer BUT I like the idea of everyone coming and bringing along something that ment something to them, either something they made, or something that is from what they had for their kids (if any) or even something they had when they were a baby. that way it's easy for those that cannot afford a lot of expensive gifts, and those "hand me downs' are extra special not only for them but for the momma to be as well, and then after when the baby is born sending all the people that came a special thank you card with a photo of the baby in the item that they brought.
Having a Nursery Rhymes Theme Party With Singing Nursery Rhymes Included as Many New Mums Have Forgotten the Words or They Have Now Changed
I'm having my baby shower in Dec so I was thinking of doing a winter wonderland theme and to do hot chocolate mix in a baby bottle as a party favor just have everything so elegant and girly looking
Pass the passel type game were you wrap nappies and keep going till some one finds the one with the squished chocolate bar in it and they win
On the invite say "For every bag/box of diapers you bring your name will be entered into a drawing" that way they get a ton of diapers and then someone gets a prize! It makes it fun and you can never have enough diapers!
I don't have any creative ideas! I've never been to a baby shower and now I need to plan my own!
Rainbow baby showers are so so cute have been to two they are super colourful bright and fun perfect for that secret gender baby shower and I loved the rainbow fruit kebabs! Mummy to be was eating healthy!!
My sister in law is pregnant with her first child and if I win it would be a surprise shower for her! A tea party it would have to be. Pastel colours, Darrel lea candies, pretty crockery, mouth watering food, games galore.
It's not creative but it's definately a great idea. Instead of having baby guessing games i had a girls pamper day for my second one. Everyone still bought baby gifts but each person also bought along something for our pamper day. We had a wonderful day of hand massages, manicures and facials. The peaceful eye of the storm before the birth.
My daughter had trouble conceiving but has now got 7 weeks to go .She is due on my birthday Dec.22 what a wonderful gift that would be…
then her and hubby will be able to see how having a baby in the house will change things. Happy days -
A French themed baby shower!! plenty of chocolate, cookies, songs, games and a photo booth to catch all the memories
A baby guessing game of the guests. The guests need to guess which picture belongs to who. I played this with my first child. It was a lot of fun.
My creative idea would be making owls out of pom poms and sticking the eyes and beak on made out of card.
Party bags – nappies made from face washers with safety pins & then filled with lollies.
A surprise baby-shower with a cute little ducky theme, or maybe a Princess theme, depending on the gender.
I love playing games like guess the size of the mum to be belly, take a piece of string and cut it to the length you think will fit round her baby bump! Bobbin for babies, same as apples but with toy babies. But the best one I have ever played was where we were given labour, birth and baby related words (mostly medical terminology so most of us hadn't even heard the word before) and had to guess what the meaning was.
Best idea is to get everyone to write a compliment or favourite thing about the mum to be on a piece of paper and into a little box. The box is then put away (before she reads it) and can only be opened after bubs born when shes really feeling down and exhausted and needs to feel a bit special.
Baby shower for non 1st time mums that have everything they need- baby library/ baby bookworm.
This is where every guest brings their favorite childhood book as their gift to get the new bub started with their very own library. -
For my second child I would like to hold a 'baby library' 'baby bookworm' themed baby shower.
so decorations would be pictures of owls & book shelves along with decorations of nursery rhyme characters.
guests would be asked to bring their favorite childhood book to get bub started on their very own library. -
My sister-in-law refers to her beautiful baby bump as her 'button'…. therefore for her baby shower we will be celebrating with buttons! Fluffy vanilla cupcakes with fondant buttons on top, sweetly decorated button cookies, apothecary jars filled with an assortment of buttons… and a very special gift for the baby. Every guest will bring a special button which will get glued onto a gorgeous little photo frame. 'Sew' cute ;o)
I think its fun to keep the excitement going and have everyone write in a book the date and time, weight and sex of the baby and then when the time comes see who was closest.
Not overly original but fun -
A Rainbow Theme
With a white cake – when I cut into the cake it revealed blue sponge cake and spilled out blue smarties from the middle.
Was soooo memorable and fun.
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text:
Shi-Jun Zheng, Pu Wang, Galit Tsabary and Youhai H. Chen
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Address correspondence to: Youhai H. Chen, 614 BRB-II/III, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Phone: (215) 898-4671; Fax: (215) 573-8606; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Published January 1, 2004Submitted: June 20, 2003; Accepted: November 4, 2003.
The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis of tumor cells but not most normal cells. Its role in hepatic cell death and hepatic diseases is not clear. In vitro studies suggest that murine hepatocytes are not sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, indicating that TRAIL may not mediate hepatic cell death. Using two experimental models of hepatitis, we found that hepatic cell death in vivo was dramatically reduced in TRAIL-deficient mice and mice treated with a blocking TRAIL receptor. Although both TRAIL and its death receptor 5 were constitutively expressed in the liver, TRAIL expression by immune cells alone was sufficient to restore the sensitivity of TRAIL-deficient mice to hepatitis. Thus, TRAIL plays a crucial role in hepatic cell death and hepatic inflammation.
Hepatic cell death is the leading cause of fatality in patients with liver diseases. Although the morphological characteristics of dying hepatocytes are well documented, the molecular pathways leading to the death of hepatocytes under various pathological conditions are not well understood. Recent studies suggest that death ligands of the TNF family may play a crucial role. Thus, both FasL and TNF appear to be involved in mediating hepatic cell death in experimental models of hepatitis, and blocking FasL and/or TNF may ameliorate the disease to various degrees (1–4). However, whether and to what degree other death ligands are involved in hepatic cell death are not clear.
The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis of tumor cells but not most normal cells (5, 6). In humans, TRAIL interacts with at least four membrane receptors that all belong to the TNF receptor family. TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1 or death receptor 4) (7) and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2, death receptor 5, TRICK2, or KILLER) (8, 9) have cytoplasmic death domains and can activate both caspases and NF-κB (10). The other two receptors, TRAIL-R3 (DcR1) and TRAIL-R4 (DcR2), have truncated death domains. They are not capable of activating caspase cascade but may activate NF-κB and block apoptosis (11). Additionally, osteoprotegerin is a soluble receptor for TRAIL (11, 12) that is known to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and increase bone density (13). In mice, only one membrane TRAIL receptor has been identified, which shares the highest sequence homology with human death receptor 5 (DR5) (9). As do humans, mice also have at least two decoy receptors that do not have transmembrane domains (14).
The role of TRAIL in hepatic cell death is controversial. Initial studies using soluble recombinant TRAIL suggest that, unlike TNF and FasL, soluble TRAIL may not induce hepatic cell death in mice and nonhuman primates, although it kills sensitive tumor cells in these animals (15, 16). However, when cultured in vitro, freshly isolated human hepatocytes, but not murine hepatocytes, are sensitive to apoptosis induced by soluble TRAIL (17). These observations raise questions regarding the roles of TRAIL in hepatic diseases. Are the functions of TRAIL different from species to species, from in vitro to in vivo systems? Are the functions of TRAIL different from normal tissues to inflamed tissues? And above all, is TRAIL involved in hepatic cell death in vivo, and if so, to what degree? To address these questions, we investigated the roles of TRAIL in hepatitis using mice deficient in TRAIL. We found that TRAIL plays a crucial role in both concanavalin A–induced (Con-A–induced) and Listeria-induced hepatitis, and that blocking TRAIL action in vivo protects mice from these hepatic diseases.
Mice. Normal BALB/c mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine, USA). TRAIL–/– mice were generated by gene targeting as previously described (18) and backcrossed for more than ten generations to BALB/c mice. All mice were housed in the University of Pennsylvania animal facilities under pathogen-free conditions.
Induction and evaluation of Con-A–induced hepatitis. Seven- to eight-week-old male mice were injected via the tail vein with either a single dose (15–25 mg/kg of body weight) or multiple doses (8 mg/kg) of Con-A (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Blood was obtained through orbital plexus bleeding, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were determined using the Sigma transaminase kit (Sigma-Aldrich).
Histochemistry and TUNEL. Tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections (5 μm) were prepared and stained with H&E or TUNEL as we described (19). The number of apoptotic cells in sections was determined by light microscopy. The total areas of tissue sections were measured using Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USA) in a blinded manner. The degree of apoptosis in the tissue was determined as the number of apoptotic cells divided by the total area of the sections measured. A total of ten tissue sections were analyzed for each animal.
Caspase-3 assay. To prepare liver extracts, we first homogenized the tissue in hypotonic buffer (25 mM HEPES [pH 7.5], 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and 1 mg/ml leupeptin and aprotinin). Homogenates were then centrifuged at 20,000 g for 15 minutes. The protein concentration in the supernatant was determined by the Bradford method. Caspase-3 activity was measured with the fluorescent substrate Ac-DEVD-AFC (10 μM) according to the manufacturer's instructions (BD Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA). Caspase-3 activity is expressed as units per 50 μg of total protein.
Adoptive cell transfer. Liver mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated as previously described (20). Briefly, liver tissue was pressed through a stainless steel mesh and suspended in PBS. After washing, the cells were resuspended in 33% Percoll solution and centrifuged at 800 g for 15 minutes. MNCs were collected, washed, and injected into the liver of recipient mice as previously described (21, 22). A total of 2 × 107 MNCs per recipient mouse were used. The purity of the cell preparation was tested by flow cytometry, and the percentages of the following cell types were as follows: CD4+, 16.5% ± 0.8%; CD8+, 6% ± 0.3%; B220+, 36.5% ± 3.8%; granulocytes, 10.2% ± 8.4%; macrophages, 3.7% ± 0.9%; neutrophils, 1.5% ± 0.4%; and NK cells, 0.9% ± 0.1%. Similarly, splenocytes, after removal of erythrocytes by hemolysis, were injected into the spleen of recipient mice as previously described (21, 22). A total of 3 × 107 splenocytes per recipient mouse were used. Hepatitis was induced 1 hour after the cell transfer by intravenous administration of Con-A.
Northern blot. Total RNA was extracted from liver using the phenol/chloroform-sarcosyl extraction/LiCl precipitation method. Purified RNA, 10 μg per sample, was separated by electrophoresis on a 1.5% denaturing agarose gel. The fractionated RNA was then transferred onto a Hybond N+ membrane (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA), and blotted with 32P-labeled full-length mouse TRAIL, DR5, or GAPDH cDNA probe using the Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Rediprime kit.
Listeria infection. Virulent Listeria monocytogenes were grown in Brain Heart Infusion (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA). Log-phase growing cultures were washed twice with PBS, aliquoted, and stored at –70°C until use. Mice were injected via the tail vein with various CFUs of the bacteria in 200 μl PBS. Livers were collected at different time points after L. monocytogenes injection, and tissue homogenates were prepared. The CFUs of the inoculum and the organ homogenates were determined by plating of the samples of various dilutions on agar plates, and by counting of the numbers of colonies 24 hours later.
TRAIL-deficient mice are resistant to Con-A–induced hepatitis. To examine the potential roles of TRAIL in Con-A–induced hepatitis, TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– mice were first injected intravenously with a high dose of Con-A, and hepatitis was evaluated by anatomical and histological examinations of the liver as well as blood transaminase assay. As shown in Figure 1, TRAIL+/+ mice developed severe hepatitis following Con-A injection, which was characterized by widespread lesions, inflammatory infiltrates, and hepatocyte death. Remarkably, no gross lesions were observed in mice that carried a germ-line TRAIL gene mutation. Although inflammatory infiltrates were also observed in TRAIL–/– mice, the number of apoptotic cells was markedly reduced in these animals as compared with TRAIL+/+ mice (Figure 1, e and g). This coincided with a significant reduction of active caspase-3 in TRAIL–/– liver (Figure 1h). Similarly, serum transaminase assay revealed significantly higher levels of ALT and AST in TRAIL+/+ mice than in TRAIL–/– mice (Figure 2).
TRAIL–/– mice are resistant to Con-A–induced hepatitis. Normal (TRAIL+/+) and TRAIL-deficient (TRAIL–/–) BALB/c mice, five per group, were injected once with Con-A (25 mg/kg of body weight) to induce hepatitis as described in Methods. Mice were sacrificed at different time points after the Con-A injection, and livers were harvested and tested as described in Methods. (a and b) Livers from TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– mice, respectively, 24 hours after Con-A injection. (c and d) H&E staining of liver sections from TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– mice, respectively, 24 hours after Con-A injection. The arrowhead indicates massive cell death in the TRAIL+/+ liver section. Original magnification, ×200. (e and f) TUNEL staining of liver sections from TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– mice, respectively, 24 hours after Con-A injection. The arrowhead indicates an aggregate of apoptotic cells in the TRAIL+/+ liver section (apoptotic nuclei are shown in brown). Original magnification, ×200. (g) Numbers of apoptotic cells per square millimeter of liver sections of TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– mice 24 hours after Con-A injection. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.0001). (h) Caspase-3 activity in the liver cytosolic protein extract at different time points after Con-A injection. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Results shown are from one representative experiment of three.
Serum transaminase and liver fibrosis in Con-A–induced hepatitis. (a–d) Normal (TRAIL+/+) and TRAIL-deficient (TRAIL–/–) BALB/c mice, five per group, were injected once with Con-A (0–25 mg/kg of body weight) as described in Methods. Serum transaminase levels were determined 8 and 24 hours after the Con-A injection. The ALT and AST levels are presented in Sigma-Frankel units. The differences between the two groups are statistically significant as determined by ANOVA (P < 0.001). (e–g) TRAIL–/– and TRAIL+/+ mice, three per group, were injected with a low dose of Con-A (8 mg/kg of body weight) in PBS once a week for 6 consecutive weeks (25). Control mice received only PBS injections. One week after the last injection, mice were sacrificed and serum transaminase activities determined (e and f). The degree of fibrosis was determined by measurement of the amount of collagen per milligram of total liver proteins as previously described (24). The differences between the two groups after Con-A injections are statistically significant (P < 0.05) for AST and ALT, but not for collagen.
It was recently reported that activated stellate cells expressed DR5 and underwent TRAIL-mediated apoptosis (23). Because stellate cells play important roles in liver fibrosis, it was suggested that TRAIL might regulate fibrosis by inducing apoptosis of stellate cells (23). To test this possibility, we also injected mice multiple times with a low dose of Con-A. Liver fibrosis was assessed by both collagen assay and histochemistry (24, 25). Interestingly, as shown in Figure 2, TRAIL deficiency did not appear to significantly affect the degree of fibrosis. Similar results were obtained from histochemical analysis of liver sections following repeated injections of Con-A. However, since hepatitis was less severe in TRAIL–/– than in TRAIL+/+ mice, it is plausible that TRAIL might have inhibited fibrosis in this model. More studies are needed to clarify this issue.
To ensure that the resistance to Con-A–induced hepatitis of TRAIL–/– mice is not due to other abnormalities in these animals, we also tested Con-A–induced hepatitis in TRAIL+/+ mice treated with a blocking soluble TRAIL receptor. Again, normal TRAIL+/+ mice developed severe hepatitis as judged by transaminase assay (Figure 3) and anatomical and histological examinations (not shown). Hepatitis was significantly ameliorated following a single injection of soluble DR5 (Figure 3). Taken together, these results indicate that TRAIL plays a critical role in the development of Con-A–induced hepatitis.
TRAIL blockade protects mice from Con-A–induced hepatitis. TRAIL+/+ BALB/c mice, five per group, were injected intraperitoneally with either soluble DR5 (sDR5) or control protein BSA (300 μg/mouse). One hour later, mice were challenged with Con-A (25 mg/kg of body weight), and serum ALT activities were assessed 8 and 24 hours after the challenge. Data presented are means and SEM of all mice. Results shown are from one representative experiment of two. The differences between the two groups are statistically significant as determined by ANOVA (P < 0.01).
TRAIL, but not TRAIL receptor, mRNA is increased in the liver during hepatitis. Both TRAIL and TRAIL receptors are constitutively expressed in the liver (5, 6). To determine whether their expressions were affected by hepatitis, we performed Northern blot analysis of liver at different time points after Con-A injection. Both TRAIL and DR5 mRNA could be detected in the liver of untreated animals (Figure 4). However, the level of TRAIL expression, but not that of DR5, was significantly increased in Con-A–treated animals. The DR5 mRNA level remained the same throughout the course of this study (Figure 4). This result was also confirmed by PCR analysis using primers specific for murine TRAIL and DR5.
TRAIL and TRAIL receptor gene expressions in Con-A–induced hepatitis. Mice were treated as described in the legend to Figure 1, perfused, and sacrificed at indicated hours after Con-A injection. DR5, TRAIL, and GAPDH gene expressions were determined by Northern blot as described in Methods. Numbers under each lane represent fold changes over signals obtained at 0 hours.
TRAIL expression by MNCs is sufficient to restore Con-A–induced hepatitis in TRAIL-deficient mice. Lymphoid and myeloid cells of the immune system are initiators and effectors of Con-A–induced hepatitis (21, 22). Depleting these cells blocks Con-A–induced hepatitis (21, 22). To investigate whether TRAIL expression by these cells is essential for their pathogenicity in the liver, we performed adoptive cell transfer experiments using purified MNCs from liver and spleen. As shown in Figure 5, when transferred into TRAIL–/– mice, TRAIL+/+, but not TRAIL–/–, MNCs restored the sensitivity of recipient animals to Con-A–induced hepatitis. Both hepatic and splenic TRAIL+/+ MNCs were effective in restoring hepatitis in TRAIL–/– animals. These results indicate that TRAIL expression by cells of the immune system is required for the development of Con-A–induced hepatitis.
TRAIL expression by cells of the immune system is required for the development of Con-A–induced hepatitis. TRAIL+/+ or TRAIL–/– liver MNCs (2 × 107 cells per mouse) and splenocytes (3 × 107 cells per mouse) were transferred into TRAIL–/– mice intrahepatically and intrasplenically, respectively. One hour later, mice were injected with Con-A (25 mg/kg of body weight), and serum activities of ALT were assessed 12 hours after the challenge. Data presented are means and SEM of each group (n = 5). Results shown are from one representative experiment of two. The differences between the two groups are statistically significant as determined by ANOVA (P < 0.01).
TRAIL-deficient mice are resistant to Listeria-induced hepatitis. To determine whether the TRAIL effect described above can be generalized to other models of hepatic injury, we also examined the roles of TRAIL in Listeria-induced hepatitis. As shown in Figure 6, Listeria infection induced severe inflammation and tissue injury in the liver of TRAIL+/+ mice as judged by histochemistry and serum aminotransferase assay. By contrast, hepatitis was dramatically reduced in TRAIL–/– mice. Larger numbers of apoptotic cells were detected 1 day after Listeria infection (Figure 6) in TRAIL+/+ but not TRAIL–/– mice, which may explain the more severe hepatic injury observed in the former group. Importantly, the numbers of bacteria recovered from different groups at this time point were similar (Figure 7a), although this changed significantly during the late stages of the infection. These results suggest that the differences in hepatocyte apoptosis between TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– livers at day 1 might not be related to bacteria numbers but were most likely due to the direct involvement of TRAIL in hepatocyte apoptosis.
TRAIL–/– mice are resistant to Listeria-induced hepatitis. Groups of TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– BALB/c mice, five per group, were injected intravenously with 1 × 104 CFUs per mouse of L. monocytogenes. Mice were sacrificed at different times, and their livers were collected and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections were then prepared and stained by TUNEL as described in Methods. (a) TUNEL staining of liver sections. (b) Quantitative analysis of cell death in the liver. Data presented are means and SEM of each group (n = 5). (c and d) Levels of serum transaminases were determined as described in Methods. Results shown are from one representative experiment of four. The differences between the two groups after Listeria infections are statistically significant as determined by ANOVA (P < 0.05).
L. monocytogenes counts in the liver and mouse survival rates. (a) Two groups of BALB/c mice (n = 5) were treated as described in the legend to Figure 6 and sacrificed 1, 3, and 7 days after Listeria infection. The total number of bacteria in the liver and spleen was determined as described in Methods. Results shown are from one representative experiment of four. The differences between the two groups are statistically significant for days 3 and 7 as determined by ANOVA (P < 0.0001). (b) TRAIL+/+ (n = 13) and TRAIL–/– (n = 12) BALB/c mice were infected with 5 × 104 CFUs of L. monocytogenes as described in the legend to Figure 6. Data shown are survival rates of TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– mice pooled from four independent experiments. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant as determined by Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.01).
As expected, TRAIL–/– mice survived much better than TRAIL+/+ mice following infection with lethal doses of Listeria (Figure 7b). However, this may not be due only to differences in hepatitis, since the numbers of Listeria recovered from different groups were also significantly different at late stages of bacteria infection (Figure 7a). Taken together, these results strongly indicate that TRAIL plays crucial roles in Listeria-induced hepatitis.
TRAIL holds tremendous promise for cancer therapy because of its ability to selectively induce apoptosis of tumor cells but not most normal cells. However, recent studies using cultured normal cells have cast doubt about this theory. Thus, unlike most normal cells, human hepatocytes, thymocytes, and neural cells appear to be sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis (17, 26, 27). Results reported here suggest that, in vivo, murine hepatocytes are also sensitive to endogenous TRAIL-induced apoptosis during hepatitis. Blocking TRAIL action in mice ameliorates hepatic cell death and hepatic inflammation. These results are reminiscent of reports that TNF and FasL play essential roles in models of hepatitis (1, 2, 25). Because blocking any one of these death ligands significantly ameliorates hepatitis, they likely play nonredundant roles, and deficiency in one may not be fully compensated for by the others. In the course of our studies, we also examined the TNF levels in the blood of mice treated with Con-A. We found that TNF was not detectable in the serum of normal BALB/c mice. However, 8–24 hours after a single injection of Con-A (25 mg/kg of body weight), significant levels of TNF-α (25–50 pg/ml) were detected in the serum. Using a similar approach, Ksontini et al. established that TNF-α was directly involved in mediating hepatocyte apoptosis in this model (1). Thus, death of hepatocytes in Con-A–induced hepatitis is likely mediated by multiple molecular pathways.
It is to be emphasized that experiments described here test directly the roles of endogenous TRAIL (most likely membrane-bound TRAIL) in hepatic cell death in vivo. This is different from other studies in which exogenous TRAIL was administered into animals. Since TRAIL deficiency in our system is global, i.e., it affects all organ systems in mice, it raises the question whether the effects observed on hepatic cell death are due to a direct effect of TRAIL on hepatocytes or an indirect effect of TRAIL on other cells or systems. In the Listeria model, dramatic differences in apoptosis were observed on day 1 when the numbers of bacteria in different animals were the same (Figure 7b). This may rule out the possibility that bacteria are directly responsible for the observed differences in apoptosis. Since no other immunological parameters were different between TRAIL+/+ and TRAIL–/– mice at this time point, it is reasonable to conclude that TRAIL is responsible for the difference in hepatic cell death. In the Con-A–induced hepatitis model, differences in apoptosis were observed early and were not associated with other immunological alterations in TRAIL–/– mice. Furthermore, as shown in the adoptive cell transfer experiment (Figure 5), TRAIL expression by MNCs alone is sufficient to restore hepatic cell death in TRAIL–/– animals. Taken together, these results indicate that TRAIL expressed by myeloid and lymphoid cells in the liver is directly responsible for mediating hepatic cell death in hepatitis. This is consistent with recent reports that, unlike soluble TRAIL, membrane TRAIL, when overexpressed in the mouse liver following adenovirus-mediated TRAIL gene transfer, may induce hepatic cell death (28, 29). TRAIL expression is significantly upregulated in patients with hepatitis B virus infection, indicating that TRAIL may indeed play a role in human hepatitis (30).
If TRAIL induces hepatocyte death in hepatitis, why did soluble TRAIL not induce hepatic injury when administered in vivo? It is tempting to speculate that soluble TRAIL may not be able to engage the death receptors in the same manner as membrane TRAIL and may, as in the case of FasL, inhibit membrane TRAIL–induced cell death. The type of TRAIL involved in our model is most likely membrane-bound, although the presence of soluble TRAIL cannot be excluded in the inflamed liver. Additionally, most studies of hepatic cell toxicity of TRAIL were conducted in vitro in the absence of inflammation. In contrast, the experimental system used in this study consists of an inflamed organ whose microenvironment is drastically different from that of normal tissues. Whether the inflammatory condition in the hepatitis animals affects TRAIL function needs now to be investigated.
In addition to inducing apoptosis of hepatocytes and tumor cells, TRAIL may also induce apoptosis of other cell types including stellate cells (23), thymocytes, and neural cells (26, 27). Furthermore, it can induce cell cycle arrest of mature T lymphocytes (19). The effects of TRAIL on thymocytes and T cells may explain the heightened autoimmune response in TRAIL-deficient mice (27). Thus, the roles of TRAIL in nontransformed tissues are likely complex, and more investigation is needed before a comprehensive understanding of TRAIL function in vivo can be established. In the meantime, the safety and potential side effects of TRAIL-based cancer therapy in humans remain unresolved.
We thank Jacques Peschon (Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA) for kindly providing the breeders of the TRAIL–/– mice, and Hao Shen for valuable discussions. This work was supported by grants from the NIH (AI50059, AI055934, AI55934, and NS40188).
Shi-Jun Zheng and Pu Wang contributed equally to this work.
Conflict of interest: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.
Nonstandard abbreviations used: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL); death receptor 5 (DR5); concanavalin A (Con-A); mononuclear cell (MNC); alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate aminotransferase (AST).


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Kids hear story then draw at Centennial Hills Library
Mar 6, 2015
The Centennial Hills Library will have "Let's Draw the Story!" for ages 5 to 11 on the first Friday of every month (except holidays)starting at 4:00. Kids will listen to a story, then draw whatever it helps them imagine. Space is limited. Tickets will be given out starting at 3:30.
Free. 6711 North Buffalo Drive in Las Vegas. Call 507-6100 for more information.
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The Lower Columbia College campus includes 27 buildings located on 38+ acres. The campus is situated at the intersection of 15th Avenue and Washington Way in Longview, Washington.
Recently completed construction or remodel projects include:
- New Health & Science Building (2014)
- Remodeled Admissions Center (2012)
- New Rose Center for the Arts (2008)
The college strives to maintain and develop the college in a responsible manner and to minimize the impact on the environment. Environmentally responsible practices that protect the earth's natural resources are supported, including:
- Minimizing carbon footprint
- Recycling program
- Electrical vehicle charging units
- Green purchasing
- Stormwater management


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This weekend's game saw a household rating of 41.40 and topped this season's previous high: a 38.46 rating drawn during the Patriots' Week 6 loss at Seattle. Sunday's rating marks only the second time since the start of the 2011 season that the Patriots have had a regular season game with a household rating of more than 40. The last regular season game in which the Patriots recorded a rating of more than 40 was on Dec. 18, 2011—a 41-23 victory over the Denver Broncos at Sports Authority Field at Mile High.
Sunday's household rating of 41.40 is the seventh highest rated regular season game in Patriots' history and the team's second highest rated regular season game against the New York Jets. The Patriots' 45-3 home victory over the Jets on Dec. 6, 2010 is the highest rated game against the Jets in team history.
The game also received a season-high household share rating of 65. The household share rating of 65 means that on average 65 percent of all televisions in use in the Boston market during the game were tuned in to the Patriots.
Prior to Sunday's game, the only overtime contest in Patriots' history to receive a household rating of at least 40 was the team's playoff victory over the Oakland Raiders on Jan. 19, 2002—the last game ever played in Foxboro Stadium. The Patriots closed out Foxboro Stadium on a high note that day, as place kicker Adam Vinatieri battled the snowy elements and finished a perfect 3-of-3 on field goal attempts. After booting a 45-yard field goal to tie the game towards the end of regulation, Vinatieri connected on a 23-yard field goal with 6:31 left in overtime to send the Patriots to the 2001 AFC Championship game in Pittsburgh.
This time around, the Patriots relied on kicker
Rank Date Opponent HH Rat.
1 12/29/07 at Giants 50.10
2 12/07/03 Miami 43.80
3 12/18/11 at Denver 42.65
4 12/19/10 Green Bay 42.62
5 12/06/10 Jets 42.20
6 11/21/10 Indianapolis 42.04
7 10/21/12 Jets 41.40
Date Opponent Network Boston TV HH Rat. HH Share
9/9 at Tennessee CBS WBZ 33.50 60
9/16 Arizona FOX WFXT . 32.88 63
9/23 at Baltimore NBC WHDH 36.06 57
9/30 at Buffalo CBS WBZ 32.80 60
10/7 Denver CBS WBZ 37.60 63
10/14 at Seattle CBS WBZ 38.46 59
10/21 Jets CBS WBZ 41.40 65


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After recently confirming the name and release of its upcoming device, LG has now come up with some more information on the G2 Pro smartphone. According to the company, the Optimus G Pro's successor will come packed with a 13-megapixel camera with improved optical image stabilization (OIS+).
Video function-wise, the phone will include slow-motion video capture as well as ultra HD video capture (at 3,840 x 2,160).
The company has also added a software upgrade to the optical image stabilisation camera (featured on its preceding Android devices). It has named the new feature as 'Electro Image System' and it should help keep those 13-megapixel shots even sharper.
The handset will pack a 6-inch 1080p HD display, a Snapdragon 800 processor and 3GB RAM, also include support for both LTE and LTE-Advanced connectivity.
Software-wise, the device is most likely to feature Android 4.3 Jelly Bean OS.
Among other launches, MWC 2014 is also likely to see the launch of the LG G2 Pro phone. Korean website DC Inside earlier leaked a pair of images of the device featuring a rear-mounted button configuration mirroring the G2 phone.
Photo Credit: Mashable


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Twinings® Earl Grey
A special gift to the 2nd Earl Grey, this aromatic tea was so popular at parties that Twinings® received special permission to sell it; now, your TASSIMO® machine brews a cup to perfection. Quintessentially British and flavored with hints of bergamot oil, Earl Grey tea has been enjoyed for nearly two centuries. TASSIMO Brewer Required.
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Rated 5 out of 5 by WFnN This is Pretty Good
I've had Twinings Brand Tea Bags and I didn't like them. The Tassimo is a different story altogether though. Reluctantly I tried this due to my first experience with Twinings AND because it was the only brand tea available for these machines. As you can see, above I rated 'Taste' and 'Aroma' as "Good." Same with 'Soothing' HOWEVER: "Soothing" seemed like a trick phrase of sorts to me. I don't think that one even belongs in here for consideration because this is a 'caffeinated" beverage. Earl Grey, a British tradition. One cup won't get you wired, still "soothing" is relative. I think that if you want 'soothing" you would want to go with an Herbal Tea as Herbal "teas" are not 'tea' per se. For instance there's no such thing literally as a Blueberry Tea Tree from which workers literally till the crops of literal blueberry tea leaves: no such thing: but anyway any tea that comes from a tree as far as I know, whether it's Oolong, Black, Green, or White: from India, China or elsewhere (red comes from more of a plant than a tree I believe) anyway, the one's I've mentioned have naturally occurring caffeine as an ingredient. I don't know, have you ever or has it ever, is it ever your experience to call your morning cup of coffee, for instance to be 'Soothing" or do you consume caffeine to wake up??? I don't, but either way...
Black teas, like this one, contain caffeine and don't contain antioxidants but have catechins I think which are especially good for your stomach. Green & white teas ARE rich in antioxidants, white even more so than green AND green, as you may or may not have already known, has lots of them (antioxidants,) BUT I've digressed.
The point is thought that I like this tea a lot and unlike at least one review I read, which stated that they ended up with tea leaves spilling out into their cup, my experience has consistently been that there was not even a trace of tea leaves in even one single cup. I like it; easier to make than having to mess with a tea bag, faster, nothing bad to say about it EXCEPT it would be nice if Herbal Teas became available for or in T-Discs.
April 6, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by Sibelover This Green Tea is Great
I really like this tea. Only wish it came in other flavors, like Jasmine Green. My only complaint is that the tea often leaks out of the T-disc. I think the leaves should be bigger so they don't come out of the disc. Will still continue to purchase since this is the only green tea available for the Tassimo.
January 2, 2012
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ARe you not selling Earl Grey tea bags anymore?
Age: 45-54
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Drink Gevalia: All the time
Length of use: So long I can't remember
Take Gevalia: With milk and sugar
7 months ago
Thanks for asking. We will be discontinuing Gevalia Earl Grey Tea once we run out of stock. However, you can still place a one time order or add this item as a one time with your next shipment on auto deliveries. Have a great day.7 months ago
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These are absolutely beautiful. They surpassed my highest expectations and I am thrilled to present them to my mom for Christmas. The hand-made, elegant appearance is enhanced by the silk thread that holds them together. I highly recommend this item.
These earrings will surely get you noticed, and they are so much fun to wear, as they bounce and wiggle every time you move your head. Some of the beads are translucent, some are opaque, and they are all different shapes and sizes. It's hard to describe the colors, as they vary from opaque black to translucent gray, and each earring has two pretty, colored pearls. I love them!
The earrings are very pretty and they are versatile. However, after wearing them for a short time the large black bead on bottom is beginning to peel revealing the white plastic underneath. I am a little disappointed in the quality but as the saying goes, you get what you pay for!
Pretty earrings. Larger than I thought and the attachments are a little delicate. I think it would be easy to break these if not cared for, but they look lovely and are a good value. I think they would look best with long hair worn down.
These earrings are beautiful especially when hit by light. They sparkle. They came in a beautiful hand crafted papermach� giftbox too. They only disappointment I had was that it took almost two weeks for them to arrive but the wait was definitely worth it.
I was pleasantly surprised when I received these earrings in a nice little fabric pouch. The colors are more varied and brilliant than depicted in the picture online. They hang down to about my jawline and add a lovely pop of color and swing when I wear them.
These earrings are a bit longer than I normally prefer, but they are still a good deal and add a bit of fun and flirty style.
A gift to my mother in law, she loves them!
I LOVE THEM. they are beautiful and go with just about everything.
Kind of dull and colorless, not the sparkle I expected and wanted.
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We are planning a medieval wedding, and would like our guests to dress in period costumes. Is it acceptable to ask our wedding guests to dress up in costume?
It is definitely ok to ask, but you can't exactly "require" it -- especially if you want people who may not be able to afford or otherwise get their hands on an appropriate costume to show up! Think of it as a "Black Tie Optional" event, where ideally you would like your guests to come dressed in ultra-formal attire, but you won't make them unwelcome if they don't. Perhaps you can provide some inexpensive costume props at your reception for those who show up without medieval garb.
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Mardil Voronwë
this wiki
Mardil Voronwë
Biographical information
Physical description
Mardil Voronwë was a noble Man of Gondor from the House of Húrin during the mid-Third Age in Middle-earth and was the following:
- Steward to King Eärnil II (TA 2029 - TA 2043);
- Steward to King Eärnur (TA 2043 - TA 2050);
- First Ruling Steward of Gondor (TA 2050 - TA 2080).
Mardil Voronwë was the son of the Vorondil, a great hunter of beasts.[2][3] During his youth, the position of Steward was already a hereditary title. The stewardship had resided with his line since the days of his grandfather Pelendur. Mardil received the title of Steward on the death of his father Vorondil in TA 2029. His Stewardship began during the last part of the reign of King Eärnil II and throughout the reign of Eärnur, Eärnil's son.
During Eärnur's reign as king, Mardil was charged with the difficult task of restraining the wrath of Eärnur to fight the Witch-king of Angmar, the chief of the Ringwraiths, who accused Eärnur after the Battle of Fornost of being afraid to fight him.
The King of Minas Morgul (one of the titles of the Ringwraith) reminded Eärnur of this and challenged him at the start of his reign TA 2043. Although Eärnur wanted to fight the King of Morgul he was restrained with difficulty by Mardil. However, when the Witch King issued another challenge with great insult seven years later in TA 2050, Eärnur would not be restrained and thus Mardil could not stop him from doing what he wanted to do. He marched to Minas Morgul and was never seen again.[4]
Eärnur did not marry and thus had no children, so Mardil took it upon himself to rule Gondor. There was no one with a clear and unassailable claim to the throne, so the rule of the Stewards was a way of averting civil war. Because the fate of the King was unknown, Mardil made an oath to rule until "the King returns". This oath would be sworn by all of the Ruling Stewards. Mardil ruled Gondor with a steady hand and earned the nickname Voronwë, which means "the Steadfast" in Quenya.
During his rule, the Watchful Peace began when Sauron retreated from Dol Guldur in TA 2063 and went back to Mordor. It was soon learned that Eärnur had met certain death at Minas Morgul, and upon Mardil's death in TA 2080 at the age of 120 years old, his son Eradan succeeded him as the second Ruling Steward of Gondor.
After Mardil's rule his successors stopped using High-elven names in their official names.[2]
Mardil is a Quenyan word that means 'Friend of the (Royal) House'.[5]
House of HúrinEdit
{{{title}}} | ||
Preceded by Vorondil | Mardil Voronwë | Succeeded by Eradan |
Stewards to the King of Gondor |
Húrin of Emyn Arnen | Pelendur | Vorondil | Mardil | Faramir | Elboron |
Ruling Stewards of Gondor |
Mardil Voronwë | Eradan | Herion | Belegorn | Húrin I | Túrin I | Hador | Barahir | Dior | Denethor I | Boromir | Cirion | Hallas | Húrin II | Belecthor I | Orodreth | Ecthelion I | Egalmoth | Beren | Beregond | Belecthor II | Thorondir | Túrin II | Turgon | Ecthelion II | Denethor II |
- ↑ The History of Middle-earth, Vol. 12: The Peoples of Middle-earth, VII: "The Heirs of Elendil"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A: Annals of the Kings and Rulers, I: The Númenórean Kings, (iv): "Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion"
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, Book Five, Chapter I: "Minas Tirith"
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, Book Four, Chapter V: "The Window on the West"
- ↑ The Complete Guide to Middle-earth


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Discussing: Report site errors and potential bugs here
Report site errors and potential bugs here
Message: 52934
20 Dec 09 4:11 PM
Original Post
General Audience
To go with the site refresh is a new bug reporting forum. The old forum was based on a code base that no longer is in use.
Please post errors here so that other people who may be experiencing the same issue can add their information.
PS - Testing edit. I've already had a bug reported.
Re: Report site errors and potential bugs here
Re: Report site errors and potential bugs here
I don't know if it's just my display, but for some reason, I cannot click on the "log in" button on the main screen. The green menu bar overlaps it, and will not allow me to click on the button, though I can see the edge of it. (I log in by reentering my password and hitting "enter.") Don't know if anyone else has this issue, or if there's some setting I need to change in my browser. (I'm running Windows Vista on a Gateway laptop with a 15" screen.)
Re: Report site errors and potential bugs here
Hi Ang,
I've seen this too, but not so bad that I couldn't log in. In my case, it does not happen when I reset the size of the text using Firefox (i.e. go back to default size), but the login button partially disappears behind the green line when I make the text bigger through Firefox. I will send you screencaps to demonstrate, if that will help.
- Barbara
Support Details, from supportdetails.com:
Operating System: Microsoft Windows Vista
Web Browser: Firefox 3.5.6
Cookies: Are Disabled [except HASA]
Screen Resolution: 1680 x 1050
Browser Size: 1264 x 807
Color Depth: 32 bit
Flash Version: 10(10.0.42)
Re: Report site errors and potential bugs here
I'm looking at your stats. The only difference in your browser set ups is the Flash version. My guess is that it is the new Firefox, but I could be wrong. I'm going to install that on a VM and do some testing.
ET, please send me screen caps at the tech support address. MJ already did.