text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Table 11.4 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2010...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Wood Economic Total Onsite and Characteristic(a) Generation Cogeneration(b) Other Biomass)(c) Other(d) Total United States Value of Shipments and Receipts (million dollars)...
3 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2002; 3 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2002; Level: National and Regional Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Onsite-Generation Components; Unit: Million Kilowatthours. Renewable Energy (excluding Wood RSE NAICS Total Onsite and Row Code(a) Subsector and Industry Generation Cogeneration(b) Other Biomass)(c) Other(d) Factors Total United States RSE Column Factors: 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.3 311 Food 5,622 5,375 0 247 12.5 311221 Wet Corn Milling 2,755 2,717 0 38 2.6 31131 Sugar 1,126 1,077 0 48 1 311421 Fruit and Vegetable Canning 388 W 0 W 1 312 Beverage and Tobacco Products W W * 1 1.6 3121 Beverages W W * * 3.8 3122 Tobacco W W 0 1 1 313 Textile Mills W 138 W W 11.9 314 Textile Product Mills 55 49 Q * 2.1
4 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2002; 4 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2002; Level: National and Regional Data; Row: Values of Shipments and Employment Sizes; Column: Onsite-Generation Components; Unit: Million Kilowatthours. Renewable Energy (excluding Wood RSE Economic Total Onsite and Row Characteristic(a) Generation Cogeneration(b) Other Biomass)(c) Other(d) Factors Total United States RSE Column Factors: 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 Value of Shipments and Receipts (million dollars) Under 20 609 379 W W 25.2 20-49 4,155 4,071 27 58 13.3 50-99 6,356 6,296 * 61 6.5 100-249 19,027 16,033 1,185 1,809 2.2 250-499 36,752 32,991 W W 2.2 500 and Over 69,334 66,458 W W 1.2 Total 136,233 126,228 2,381 7,625 2 Employment Size Under 50 3,927 3,713
Table 11.3 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2010;
3 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2010; 3 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2010; Level: National and Regional Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Onsite-Generation Components; Unit: Million Kilowatthours. Renewable Energy (excluding Wood NAICS Total Onsite and Code(a) Subsector and Industry Generation Cogeneration(b) Other Biomass)(c) Other(d) Total United States 311 Food 5,666 5,414 81 171 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 3,494 3,491 Q 2 311221 Wet Corn Milling 3,213 3,211 0 2 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 1,382 1,319 64 0 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Foods 336 325 Q * 3115 Dairy Products 38 36 1 1 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 19 Q Q 14 312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 342 238 Q 7 3121 Beverages 308 204 Q 7 3122 Tobacco 34
Level: National and Regional Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Onsite-Generation Components;
3 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2006; 3 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2006; Level: National and Regional Data; Row: NAICS Codes; Column: Onsite-Generation Components; Unit: Million Kilowatthours. Renewable Energy (excluding Wood NAICS Total Onsite and Code(a) Subsector and Industry Generation Cogeneration(b) Other Biomass)(c) Other(d) Total United States 311 Food 4,563 4,249 * 313 3112 Grain and Oilseed Milling 2,845 2,819 0 27 311221 Wet Corn Milling 2,396 2,370 0 27 31131 Sugar Manufacturing 951 951 0 * 3114 Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Foods 268 268 0 * 3115 Dairy Products 44 31 * Q 3116 Animal Slaughtering and Processing 17 0 0 17 312 Beverage and Tobacco Products 659 623 Q * 3121 Beverages 587 551 Q * 3122 Tobacco 72
Level: National and Regional Data; Row: Values of Shipments and Employment Sizes;
4 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2006; 4 Electricity: Components of Onsite Generation, 2006; Level: National and Regional Data; Row: Values of Shipments and Employment Sizes; Column: Onsite-Generation Components; Unit: Million Kilowatthours. Renewable Energy (excluding Wood Economic Total Onsite and Characteristic(a) Generation Cogeneration(b) Other Biomass)(c) Other(d) Total United States Value of Shipments and Receipts (million dollars) Under 20 1,447 450 Q Q 20-49 5,220 5,106 29 Q 50-99 3,784 3,579 29 Q 100-249 17,821 17,115 484 222 250-499 28,464 27,202 334 927 500 and Over 86,249 85,028 106 1,114 Total 142,986 138,480 1,030 3,476 Employment Size Under 50 2,193 1,177 Q Q 50-99 6,617 6,438 13 166 100-249 12,403 12,039 266 98 250-499
Conversion Factor
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Conversion Factor (Btu per cubic foot) Production Marketed... 1,110 1,106 1,105 1,106 1,109 Extraction Loss ......
Douglas Factors
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
The Merit Systems Protection Board in its landmark decision, Douglas vs. Veterans Administration, 5 MSPR 280, established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. These twelve factors are commonly referred to as ōDouglas Factorsö and have been incorporated into the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Personnel Management System and various FAA Labor Agreements.
Conversion factors for energy equivalents: All factors
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... Conversion factors for energy equivalents Return to online conversions. Next page of energy equivalents. Definition of uncertainty ...
... Previous page of energy equivalents. Definition of uncertainty notation eg, 123(45) | Basis of conversion factors for energy equivalents. Top. ...
factor.mws - CECM
E-Print Network (OSTI)
... 0 "" {TEXT -1 61 "Be default \\+ factor factors over the field of rational numbers. ... {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 36 "alias(beta=RootOf(x^5+x^3+x^2+x+1));" }Ā...
The Douglas Factors
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Douglas Factors Douglas Factors The Merit Systems Protection Board in its landmark decision, Douglas vs. Veterans Administration, 5 MSPR 280, established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. These twelve factors are commonly referred to as "Douglas Factors: (1) The nature and seriousness of the offense, and its relation to the employee's duties, position, and responsibilities, including whether the offense was intentional or technical or inadvertent, or was committed maliciously or for gain, or was frequently repeated; (2) the employee's job level and type of employment, including supervisory or fiduciary role,
Conversion factors for energy equivalents
... Conversion factors for energy equivalents, For your convenience, you may convert energies online below. Or display factors as: ...
factors | OpenEI
Open Energy Info (EERE)
36 36 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142253836 Varnish cache server factors Dataset Summary Description This dataset is from the report Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies: a review of existing literature (J. Macknick, R. Newmark, G. Heath and K.C. Hallett) and provides estimates of operational water withdrawal and water consumption factors for electricity generating technologies in the United States. Estimates of water factors were collected from published primary literature and were not modified except for unit conversions. Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory Date Released August 28th, 2012 (2 years ago)
FGF growth factor analogs
SciTech Connect
The present invention provides a fibroblast growth factor heparin-binding analog of the formula: ##STR00001## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, X, Y and Z are as defined, pharmaceutical compositions, coating compositions and medical devices including the fibroblast growth factor heparin-binding analog of the foregoing formula, and methods and uses thereof.
Zamora, Paul O. (Gaithersburg, MD); Pena, Louis A. (Poquott, NY); Lin, Xinhua (Plainview, NY); Takahashi, Kazuyuki (Germantown, MD)
Optimizing Power Factor Correction
The optimal investment for power factor correcting capacitors for Kansas Power and Light Company large power contract customers is studied. Since the billing capacity is determined by dividing the real demand by the power factor (the minimum billing capacity is based on 80 percent of the summer peak billing capacity) and the billing capacity is used to determine the number of kilowatt-hours billed at each pricing tier, the power factor affects both the demand and the energy charge. There is almost no information available in the literature concerning recommended power factor corrections for this situation. The general advice commonly given in the past has been that power factor should be corrected to above 0.9 if it is below that value to begin with, but that does not take into account the facts of the situation studied here. Calculations relevant to a commercial consumer of electricity were made for demands of 200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, and 6,400 kW and monthly energy consumption periods of 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 hours for several capacitor purchase and installation costs. The results are displayed in a series of graphs that enable annual cost savings and payback periods to be readily determined over a range of commonly encountered parameter values. It is found that it is often economically advantageous to correct a power factor to near unity.
Phillips, R. K.; Burmeister, L. C.
NIST Atomic Form Factors: Form factors and standard ...
... 2. Form Factors and Standard Definitions. ... with ? in, eg, ┼ngstroms; the "anomalous" scattering factor f? (depending on x-ray energy E and the ...
PQ Encyclopedia: Understanding Power Factor
This PQ Encylopedia offers a thorough understanding of what power factor is, what factors affect it, and what to be aware of when attempting to improve it. In particular, efforts to remedy power factor can sometimes worsen harmonics.
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A method is given for purifying and concentrating the blood plasma erythropoietic factor. Anemic sheep plasma is contacted three times successively with ion exchange resins: an anion exchange resin, a cation exchange resin at a pH of about 5, and a cation exchange resin at a pH of about 6. (AEC)
White, W.F.; Schlueter, R.J.
Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
national annual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional, reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor ...
Many Factors Affect MPG
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Many Factors Affect Fuel Economy Many Factors Affect Fuel Economy How You Drive Vehicle Maintenance Fuel Variations Vehicle Variations Engine Break-In Vehicles in traffic Quick acceleration and heavy braking can reduce fuel economy by up to 33 percent on the highway and 5 percent around town. New EPA tests account for faster acceleration rates, but vigorous driving can still lower MPG. Excessive idling decreases MPG. The EPA city test includes idling, but more idling will lower MPG. Driving at higher speeds increases aerodynamic drag (wind resistance), reducing fuel economy. The new EPA tests account for aerodynamic drag up to highway speeds of 80 mph, but some drivers exceed this speed. Cold weather and frequent short trips can reduce fuel economy, since your engine doesn't operate efficiently until it is warmed up. In colder
Human factoring administrative procedures
In nonnuclear business, administrative procedures bring to mind such mundane topics as filing correspondence and scheduling vacation time. In the nuclear industry, on the other hand, administrative procedures play a vital role in assuring the safe operation of a facility. For some time now, industry focus has been on improving technical procedures. Significant efforts are under way to produce technical procedure requires that a validated technical, regulatory, and administrative basis be developed and that the technical process be established for each procedure. Producing usable technical procedures requires that procedure presentation be engineered to the same human factors principles used in control room design. The vital safety role of administrative procedures requires that they be just as sound, just a rigorously formulated, and documented as technical procedures. Procedure programs at the Tennessee Valley Authority and at Boston Edison's Pilgrim Station demonstrate that human factors engineering techniques can be applied effectively to technical procedures. With a few modifications, those same techniques can be used to produce more effective administrative procedures. Efforts are under way at the US Department of Energy Nuclear Weapons Complex and at some utilities (Boston Edison, for instance) to apply human factors engineering to administrative procedures: The techniques being adapted include the following.
Grider, D.A.; Sturdivant, M.H.
Human Factors Review Plan
''Human Factors'' is concerned with the incorporation of human user considerations into a system in order to maximize human reliability and reduce errors. This Review Plan is intended to assist in the assessment of human factors conditions in existing DOE facilities. In addition to specifying assessment methodologies, the plan describes techniques for improving conditions which are found to not adequately support reliable human performance. The following topics are addressed: (1) selection of areas for review describes techniques for needs assessment to assist in selecting and prioritizing areas for review; (2) human factors engineering review is concerned with optimizing the interfaces between people and equipment and people and their work environment; (3) procedures review evaluates completeness and accuracy of procedures, as well as their usability and management; (4) organizational interface review is concerned with communication and coordination between all levels of an organization; and (5) training review evaluates training program criteria such as those involving: trainee selection, qualification of training staff, content and conduct of training, requalification training, and program management.
Paramore, B.; Peterson, L.R. (eds.)
Stress Intensification Factors and Flexibility Factors for Unreinforced Branch Connections
This report provides equations, based on analyses and test data, for determining the stress intensification factors and flexibility factors for branch connections. The report contains results of an investigation into the flexibility and stress intensification factors of unreinforced fabricated tees (and other similar configurations). It provides flexibility equations for a more accurate evaluation of these configurations.
Factor Separation in Numerical Simulations
A simple method is developed for computing the interactions among various factors influencing the atmospheric circulations. It is shown how numerical simulations can be utilized to obtain the pure contribution of any factor to any predicted field,...
U. Stein; P. Alpert
Anthrax Lethal Factor
Thiang Yian Wong, Robert Schwarzenbacher and Robert C. Liddington Thiang Yian Wong, Robert Schwarzenbacher and Robert C. Liddington The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. Anthrax Toxin is a major virulence factor in the infectious disease, Anthrax1. This toxin is produced by Bacillus anthracis, which is an encapsulated, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. Inhalation anthrax, the most deadly form, is contracted through breathing spores. Once spores germinate within cells of the immune system called macrophages2, bacterial cells are released into the bloodstream. There they proliferate rapidly and secrete Anthrax Toxin, ultimately leading to septic shock and death. Although antibiotics may be used to kill the bacteria, the level of toxin has often become so high in the bloodstream that removing the bacteria alone is not sufficient to prevent death. Therefore, the design of anti-toxins offers the prospect of treatment in the advanced stages of infection. Together with collaborators from the NIH and Harvard Medical School, we are involved in the atomic resolution study of the Anthrax Toxin components and their complexes, including small molecules with therapeutic potential. Data collection at SSRL and other synchrotron radiation sources has been key to the advances made in this research so far and is expected to play a continuing role in the future.
Design Factors That Influence Corrosion
Table 3┬Ā┬Ā┬ĀCorrosion factors that can influence design considerations...Inhibitors Inspection Planned maintenance Source: Ref 25...
Electromagnetic form factors of hadrons
A vector meson dominance model of the electromagnetic form factors of hadrons is developed which is based on the use of unstable particle propagators. Least-square fits are made to the proton, neutron, pion and kaon form factor data in both the space and time-like regions. A good fit to the low-energy nucleon form factor data is obtained using only rho, $omega$, and phi dominance, and leads to a determination of the vector meson resonance parameters in good agreement with experiment. The nucleon-vector meson coupling constants obey simple sum rules indicating that there exists no hard core contribution to the form factors within theoretical uncertainties. The prediction for the electromagnetic radii of the proton is in reasonable agreement with recent experiments. The pion and kaon charge form factors as deduced from the nucleon form factors assuming vector meson universality are compared to the data. The pion form factor agrees with the data in both the space and time-like regions. The pion charge radius is in agreement with the recent Dubna result, but the isovector P-wave pion-pion phase shift calculated from the theory disagrees with experiment. A possible contribution to the form factors from a heavy rho meson is also evaluated. (auth)
Zidell, V.S.
Comments on Form Factor Bounds
Improved model independent upper bounds on the weak transition form factors are derived using inclusive sum rules. Comparison of the new bounds with the old ones is made for the form factors h_{A_1} and h_V in B -> D* decays.
Chiang, C W
Remarks on Form Factor Bounds
Cheng-Wei Chiang
Community Discovery via Metagraph Factorization
This work aims at discovering community structure in rich media social networks through analysis of time-varying, multirelational data. Community structure represents the latent social context of user actions. It has important applications such as search ... Keywords: MetaFac, community discovery, dynamic social network analysis, metagraph factorization, nonnegative tensor factorization, relational hypergraph
Yu-Ru Lin; Jimeng Sun; Hari Sundaram; Aisling Kelliher; Paul Castro; Ravi Konuru
Factors of characteristic words: Location and decompositions
Let @a be an irrational number with 0Keywords: Characteristic word, Decomposition, Location, Overlap factor, Return words, Separate factor
Wai-Fong Chuan; Hui-Ling Ho
Basis of conversion factors for energy equivalents
... Basis of conversion factors for energy equivalents Conversion factors for energy equivalents are derived from the following relations: ...
Automatic Test Factoring for Java
Test factoring creates fast, focused unit tests from slow system-widetests; each new unit test exercises only a subset of the functionalityexercised by the system test. Augmenting a test suite with factoredunit tests ...
Saff, David
Human Factors Engineering Analysis Tool
A new software tool enables the easy and quick selection of applicable regulatory guidelines as a starting point for human factors engineering (HFE) analyses.Ā Once selected, each guideline can be viewed on screen.Ā The software tracks and reports the ...
The Fermat factorization method revisited
We consider the well known Fermat factorization method, we call the Fermat factorization equation the equation solved by it: P(x, y) = (x + 2R) 2 ? y 2 ? 4N = 0; where N = p q> 0 is a RSA modulus with primes p and q supposed of equal length. This equation is a bivariate integer polynomial equation and we propose to solve it directly using CoppersmithÆs methods for bivariate integer polynomials. As we use them as a black box, our proofs will be brief. We show a first result: we can factor N in a polynomial time if |p ? q | < N 5/18. Using the fact that the Newton polygon of P(x, y) is in fact a lower triangle we show a better result: we can indeed factor N in a polynomial time if |p ? q | < N 1/3. We conclude with proposals for future works. 1
Robert Erra; Christophe Grenier
The effect of penetration factor, deposition, and environmental factors on
The effect of penetration factor, deposition, and environmental factors on The effect of penetration factor, deposition, and environmental factors on the indoor concentration of pm2.5 sulfate, nitrate, and carbon Title The effect of penetration factor, deposition, and environmental factors on the indoor concentration of pm2.5 sulfate, nitrate, and carbon Publication Type Conference Proceedings Year of Publication 2002 Authors Thatcher, Tracy L., Melissa M. Lunden, Richard G. Sextro, Susanne V. Hering, and Nancy J. Brown Conference Name Proceedings of the Indoor Air 2002 Conference, Monterey, CA Volume 1 Pagination 846-851 Publisher Indoor Air 2002, Santa Cruz, CA Abstract Indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin constitutes an important exposure pathway. We conducted an intensive set of indoor particle measurements in an unoccupied house under differing operating conditions. Real-time measurements were conducted both indoors and outdoors, including PM2.5 nitrate, sulfate, and carbon. Because the time-scale of the fluctuations in outdoor particle concentrations and meteorological conditions are often similar to the time constant for building air exchange, a steady state concentration may never be reached. The time-series experimental data were used to determine the effect of changes in air exchange rate and indoor/outdoor temperature and relative humidity differences on indoor particle concentrations. A multivariate regression was performed to investigate the difference between measured indoor concentrations and results from a simple time-dependent physical model. Environmental conditions had a significant effect on indoor concentrations of all three PM2.5 species, but did not explain all of the model variation
Common Risk Factors in Currency Markets
We identify a ōslopeö factor in exchange rates. High interest rate currencies load more on this slope factor than low interest rate currencies. This factor accounts for most of the cross-sectional variation in average ...
Roussano, Nikolai
Primeless factoring-based cryptography
Factoring-based public-key cryptosystems have an overall complexity which is dominated by the key-production algorithm, which requires the generation of prime numbers. This is most inconvenient in settings where the key-generation is not an one-off process, ...
Sonia Bogos, Ioana Boureanu, Serge Vaudenay
Factorization of a 512-bit RSA modulus
This paper reports on the factorization of the 512-bit number RSA-155 by the Number Field Sieve factoring method (NFS) and discusses the implications for RSA.
Stefania Cavallar; Bruce Dodson; Arjen K. Lenstra; Walter Lioen; Peter L. Montgomery; Brian Murphy; Herman Te Riele; Karen Aardal; Jeff Gilchrist; Gķrard Guillerm; Paul Leyland; Joļl Marchand; Franńois Morain; Alec Muffett; Chris Putnam; Craig Putnam; Paul Zimmermann
Major Risk Factors Integrated Facility Disposition Project -...
- Oak Ridge Summary - Major Risk Factors Integrated Facility Disposition Project (IFDP) Oak Ridge, TN More Documents & Publications Major Risk Factors to the Integrated...
FTCP Human Factors Engineering Supplemental Competencies
Human Factors Engineering Functional Area Qualification Competencies Examples for DOE Defense Nuclear Facilities Technical Personnel
Electrical and Production Load Factors
Load factors are an important simplification of electrical energy use data and depend on the ratio of average demand to peak demand. Based on operating hours of a facility they serve as an important benchmarking tool for the industrial sector. The operating hours of small and medium sized manufacturing facilities are analyzed to identify the most common operating hour or shift work patterns. About 75% of manufacturing facilities fall into expected operating hour patterns with operating hours near 40, 80, 120 and 168 hours/week. Two types of load factors, electrical and production are computed for each shift classification within major industry categories in the U.S. The load factor based on monthly billing hours (ELF) increases with operating hours from about 0.4 for a nominal one shift operation, to about 0.7 for around-the-clock operation. On the other hand, the load factor based on production hours (PLF) shows an inverse trend, varying from about 1.4 for one shift operation to 0.7 for around-the-clock operation. When used as a diagnostic tool, if the PLF exceeds unity, then unnecessary energy consumption may be taking place. For plants operating at 40 hours per week, the ELF value was found to greater than the theoretical maximum, while the PLF value was greater than one, suggesting that these facilities may have significant energy usage outside production hours. The data for the PLF however, is more scattered for plants operating less than 80 hours per week, indicating that grouping PLF data based on operating hours may not be a reasonable approach to benchmarking energy use in industries. This analysis uses annual electricity consumption and demand along with operating hour data of manufacturing plants available in the U.S. Department of EnergyÆs Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) database. The annual values are used because more desirable monthly data are not available. Monthly data are preferred as they capture the load profile of the facility more accurately. The data there come from Industrial Assessment Centers which employ university engineering students, faculty and staff to perform energy assessments for small to medium-sized manufacturing plants. The nation-wide IAC program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Sen, Tapajyoti
Capacity Factor Risk At Nuclear Power Plants
We develop a model of the dynamic structure of capacity factor risk. It incorporates the risk that the capacity factor may vary widely from year-to-year, and also the risk that the reactor may be permanently shutdown prior ...
Du, Yangbo
Emission Factors from Brazilian Deforestation Fires Published
of emission factors from 19 deforestation fires in Mato Grosso, Para, and Amazonas, Brazil. LBA-ECO TG-10 Fire Emission Factors in Mato Grosso, Para, and Amazonas, Brazil: 2004...
Form factors from lattice QCD
Precision computation of hadronic physics with lattice QCD is becoming feasible. The last decade has seen precent-level calculations of many simple properties of mesons, and the last few years have seen calculations of baryon masses, including the nucleon mass, accurate to a few percent. As computational power increases and algorithms advance, the precise calculation of a variety of more demanding hadronic properties will become realistic. With this in mind, I discuss the current lattice QCD calculations of generalized parton distributions with an emphasis on the prospects for well-controlled calculations for these observables as well. I will do this by way of several examples: the pion and nucleon form factors and moments of the nucleon parton and generalized-parton distributions.
Dru Renner
Factors for Bioenergy Market Development
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Focusing on the development of the whole bioenergy market rather than isolated projects, this paper contributes to the identification of barriers and drivers behind bioenergy technology implementation. It presents a framework for the assessment of the potentials for bioenergy market growth to be used by decision makers in administration and industry. The conclusions are based on case studies of operating bioenergy markets in Austria, US and Sweden. Six important factors for bioenergy market growth have been identified: (1) Integration with other business, e.g. for biomass procurement, (2) Scale effects of bioenergy market, (3) Competition on bioenergy market, (4) Competition with other business, (5) National policy, (6) Local policy and local opinion. Different applications of the framework are discussed.
Roos, A.; Hektor, B.; Graham, R.L.; Rakos, C.
Definition: Distribution Factor | Open Energy Information
Also Known As Transfer Distribution Factor Related Terms Interchange Transaction, transmission lines, facility, Interchange, transmission line, flowgate, smart grid...
Nonnegative matrix factorization with quadratic programming
Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) solves the following problem: find such nonnegative matrices A@?R"+^I^x^J and X@?R"+^J^x^K that Y@?AX, given only Y@?R^I^x^K and the assigned index J (K@?I>=J). Basically, the factorization is achieved by alternating ... Keywords: Blind source separation, Nonnegative matrix factorization, Quadratic programming
Rafal Zdunek; Andrzej Cichocki
Variational learning for rectified factor analysis
Linear factor models with non-negativity constraints have received a great deal of interest in a number of problem domains. In existing approaches, positivity has often been associated with sparsity. In this paper we argue that sparsity of the factors ... Keywords: Positive factor analysis, Source separation, Variational Bayes
Markus Harva; Ata Kabßn
Prime Factorization in the Duality Computer
We give algorithms to factorize large integers in the duality computer. We provide three duality algorithms for factorization based on a naive factorization method, the Shor algorithm in quantum computing, and the Fermat's method in classical computing. All these algorithms are polynomial in the input size.
Wan-Ying Wang; Bin Shang; Chuan Wang; Gui Lu Long
Updating an LU Factorization with Pivoting
We show how to compute an LU factorization of a matrix when the factors of a leading principle submatrix are already known. The approach incorporates pivoting akin to partial pivoting, a strategy we call incremental pivoting. An implementation ... Keywords: LU factorization, linear systems, pivoting, updating
Enrique S. Quintana-OrtĒ; Robert A. Van De Geijn
Factorization for hadronic heavy quarkonium production
We briefly review several models of heavy quarkonium production in hadronic collisions, and discuss the status of QCD factorization for these production models.
Jian-Wei Qiu
Factors associated with participation restriction in community ...
May 26, 2007 ... restriction, after adjusting for age and gender in a logistic regression analysis. Health and disability factors most strongly and independentlyĀ...
OpenEI - electricity emission factors
http:en.openei.orgdatasetstaxonomyterm4650 en Hourly Energy Emission Factors for Electricity Generation in the United States http:en.openei.orgdatasetsnode488...
OpenEI - hourly emission factors
http:en.openei.orgdatasetstaxonomyterm4640 en Hourly Energy Emission Factors for Electricity Generation in the United States http:en.openei.orgdatasetsnode488...
Appendix A Conversion Factors for Standard Units
Energy, work, heat(a) joule J ... a utility-specific factor that has incorporated actual fuel mix ... Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming
Factors that Predict Quality Classroom Technology Use.
??Despite technological advancements intended to enhance teaching and learning in the 21st century, numerous teacher and school factors continue to impede quality classroom technology use.ģ (more)
Hastings, Tricia A.
Mini-Conference on Factorization Problems
, The University of Iowa, Iowa City. Non-Atomic Unique Factorization. 3:00-3:45 PM Franz Halter-Koch, Karl
Coykendall, James
politics factors into climate bill, too
06/2 - POLITICS FACTORS INTO CLIMATE BILL, TOO. In A 987-page bill, six committees with jurisdiction, a mammoth oil spill to consider, no bipartisan support,Ā...
Health Information Technology (IT), Human Factor Guidelines
... on a research program aimed at developing human factors guidelines for ... technical guidelines will help support safe, effective, error-free EHR use ...
Nucleon Form Factor Measurements and Interpretation
The data base for the form factors of the nucleon obtained from elastic ep scattering is discussed, as well as some recent developments in their calculation.
Charles F. Perdrisat
De-caf-einated : life without chromatin assembly factors
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY FACTORS THAT ACTSaccharomyces cerevisiae chromatin- assembly factors thatSaccharomyces cerevisiae chromatin-assembly factors that act
Kats, Ellen Simona
6 Capability to Switch Electricity to Alternative Energy Sources, 2002; 6 Capability to Switch Electricity to Alternative Energy Sources, 2002; Level: National Data and Regional Totals; Row: NAICS Codes, Value of Shipments and Employment Sizes; Column: Energy Sources; Unit: Million Kilowatthours. Coal Coke RSE NAICS Total Not Natural Distillate Residual and Row Code(a) Subsector and Industry Receipts(c) Switchable Switchable Gas Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Coal LPG Breeze Other(d) Factors Total United States RSE Column Factors: 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.7 0.6 0.8 1.7 0.5 0.9 311 Food 68,230 2,270 49,890 239 2,125 17 9 72 0 Q 12.2 311221 Wet Corn Milling 7,098 77 6,062 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 31131 Sugar 733 21 602 * 11 9 9 0 0 * 1 311421 Fruit and Vegetable Canning 1,987 Q 1,764 Q Q 0 0 25
Jet acollinearity and quark form factors
Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamic corrections involving the emission of gluons which are both soft and collinear are discussed for both hadronic production of lepton pairs and e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation. The result is an exponential, double logarithmic quark form factor. The effect of sub-leading corrections and the possible experimental observation of the form factor are discussed.
Stirling, W.J.
Distributed large-scale natural graph factorization
Natural graphs, such as social networks, email graphs, or instant messaging patterns, have become pervasive through the internet. These graphs are massive, often containing hundreds of millions of nodes and billions of edges. While some theoretical models ... Keywords: asynchronous algorithms, distributed optimization, graph algorithms, graph factorization, large-scale machine learning, matrix factorization
Amr Ahmed, Nino Shervashidze, Shravan Narayanamurthy, Vanja Josifovski, Alexander J. Smola
Gradient based variable forgetting factor RLS algorithm
An accurate new variable forgetting factor recursive least-square adaptive algorithm is derived. An improved mean square behaviour analysis is presented, which shows that the theoretical analysis and the simulation results are close to each other. The ... Keywords: RLS algorithm, adaptive filters, variable forgetting factor
C. F. So; S. C. Ng; S. H. Leung
The Jacobian factor in free energy simulations
The role of Jacobian factors in free energy simulations is described. They provide a simple interpretation of ææmoment of inertia correctionÆÆ and æædynamic stretch free energyÆÆ terms in such simulations. Since the relevant Jacobian factors can often be evaluated analytically by use of the configurational partition function of a polyatomic molecule
Stefan Boresch; Martin Karplus
IPCC Emission Factor Database | Open Energy Information
IPCC Emission Factor Database IPCC Emission Factor Database Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: IPCC Emission Factor Database Agency/Company /Organization: World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environment Programme Resource Type: Dataset Website: www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/main.php References: IPCC-EFDB[1] About "EFDB is meant to be a recognised library, where users can find emission factors and other parameters with background documentation or technical references that can be used for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and removals. The responsibility of using this information appropriately will always remain with the users themselves." References Ōåæ "IPCC-EFDB" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=IPCC_Emission_Factor_Database&oldid=367213"
NIST: Triatomic - Special Units, ... and Useful Conver. Factors
5. Special Units, Fundamental Constants, and Useful Conversion Factors. 5.a. Special Units. ... 5.b. Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors. ...
Synthetic heparin-binding factor analogs
The invention provides synthetic heparin-binding growth factor analogs having at least one peptide chain, and preferably two peptide chains branched from a dipeptide branch moiety composed of two trifunctional amino acid residues, which peptide chain or chains bind a heparin-binding growth factor receptor and are covalently bound to a non-signaling peptide that includes a heparin-binding domain, preferably by a linker, which may be a hydrophobic linker. The synthetic heparin-binding growth factor analogs are useful as pharmaceutical agents, soluble biologics or as surface coatings for medical devices.
Pena, Louis A. (Poquott, NY); Zamora, Paul O. (Gaithersburg, MD); Lin, Xinhua (Plainview, NY); Glass, John D. (Shoreham, NY)
Spatial Ontology in Factored Statistical Machine Translation
This paper presents a statistical phrase-based machine translation system which is enriched with semantic data coming from a spatial ontology. Paper presents the spatial ontology, how it is integrated in statistical machine translation system using factored ...
Raivis Skadi?Ü
Factors Causing Unexpected Variations in Ada Benchmarks
Benchmarks are often used to describe the performance of computer systems. This report considers factors that may cause Ada benchmarks to produce inaccurate results. Included are examples from the ongoing benchmarking efforts of the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) Project using bare target computers with several Ada compilers. 1. Introduction One of the goals of the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) Project is to assess the readiness of the Ada programming language and Ada tools for developing embedded systems. The benchmarking and instrumentation subgroup within the AEST Project is running various suites of Ada benchmarks to obtain data on the real-time performance of Ada on a number of different target systems. The purpose of this report is to categorize the factors which cause anomalous results to be produced by the benchmarks. Some of these factors have been observed, while others are more speculative in nature. All these factors should be understood if accurate, comparable,...
Neal Altman; Neal Altman
Gust Factors Applied to Hurricane Winds
An important consideration in the design of structures is their response to extreme winds. This is especially true in regions affected by hurricanes. In this research, gust factors derived from hurricane wind-speed records are compared with those ...
William R. Krayer; Richard D. Marshall
Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal
Reports and Publications (EIA)
The Energy Information Administration (EIA) has developed factors for estimating the amount of carbon dioxide emitted, accounting for differences among coals, to reflect the changing "mix" of coal in U.S. coal consumption.
William Watson
CCG supertags in factored statistical machine translation
Combinatorial Categorial Grammar (CCG) supertags present phrase-based machine translation with an opportunity to access rich syntactic information at a word level. The challenge is incorporating this information into the translation process. Factored ...
Alexandra Birch; Miles Osborne; Philipp Koehn
Definition: Capacity factor | Open Energy Information
power)12 View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition The net capacity factor of a power plant is the ratio of its actual output over a period of time, to its potential output if...
electricity emission factors | OpenEI
emission factors emission factors Dataset Summary Description Emissions from energy use in buildings are usually estimated on an annual basis using annual average multipliers. Using annual numbers provides a reasonable estimation of emissions, but it provides no indication of the temporal nature of the emissions. Therefore, there is no way of understanding the impact on emissions from load shifting and peak shaving technologies such as thermal energy storage, on-site renewable energy, and demand control. Source NREL Date Released April 11th, 2011 (3 years ago) Date Updated April 11th, 2011 (3 years ago) Keywords buildings carbon dioxide emissions carbon footprinting CO2 commercial buildings electricity emission factors ERCOT hourly emission factors interconnect nitrogen oxides
Faster Quantum Number Factoring via Circuit Synthesis
A major obstacle to implementing Shor's quantum number-factoring algorithm is the large size of modular-exponentiation circuits. We reduce this bottleneck by customizing reversible circuits for modular multiplication to individual runs of Shor's algorithm. Our circuit-synthesis procedure exploits spectral properties of multiplication operators and constructs optimized circuits from the traces of the execution of an appropriate GCD algorithm. Empirically, gate counts are reduced by 4-5 times, and circuit latency is reduced by larger factors.
Igor L. Markov; Mehdi Saeedi
IV Estimation of Panels with Factor Residuals
. In microeconometric panels, the factor structure may capture different sources of unobserved individual-specific heterogeneity, the impact of which varies intertem- porally in an arbitrary way. For instance, in studies of production functions, the factor loadings may... supply, Euler equations for household consumption, and em- pirical growth models. In these models the coefficient of the lagged dependent variable captures inertia, habit formation and costs of adjustment and therefore it has structural significance (see...
Robertson, Donald; Sara dis, Vasilis
Pricing Effect of Restaurant Industry Related Factors on Fama French Three Factor Model.
??The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of restaurant industry-related factors on the accuracy and explanatory power of theģ (more)
Denizci, Basak
miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor
miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor L. Smilenov Columbia University Abstract miRNA are 21-23 mer RNA molecules which are essential for organism development and cell functions. They regulate gene expression by binding to the 3├ó┬Ć┬ÖUTR of mRNA, inducing either mRNA degradation or mRNA silencing. The most characteristic properties of miRNA are their multi-targeting potential (one miRNA may target many genes). This high information content of miRNAs makes them very important factors in cell reprogramming. Since these are small molecules which can potentially pass through gap junctions, it is logical to consider their role in cell to cell communication. We hypothesized that miRNA transfer between cells is likely to occur under stress conditions. To test this hypothesis we developed a system designed
Paramagnetic form factors from itinerant electron theory
Elastic neutron scattering experiments performed over the past two decades have provided accurate information about the magnetic form factors of paramagnetic transition metals. These measurements have traditionally been analyzed in terms of an atomic-like theory. There are, however, some cases where this procedure does not work, and there remains the overall conceptual problem of using an atomistic theory for systems where the unpaired-spin electrons are itinerant. We have recently developed computer codes for efficiently evaluating the induced magnetic form factors of fcc and bcc itinerant electron paramagnets. Results for the orbital and spin contributions have been obtained for Cr, Nb, V, Mo, Pd and Rh based on local density bands. By using calculated spin enhancement parameters, we find reasonable agreement between theory and neutron form factor data. In addition, these zero parameter calculations yield predictions for the bulk susceptibility on an absolute scale which are in reasonable agreement with experiment in all treated cases except palladium.
Cooke, J.F.; Liu, S.H.; Liu, A.J.
EcoFactor Inc | Open Energy Information
EcoFactor Inc EcoFactor Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name EcoFactor Inc Place Millbrae, California Zip 94030 Product California-based home energy management service provider. Coordinates 37.60276┬░, -122.395444┬░ Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":37.60276,"lon":-122.395444,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Emission Factors (EMFAC) | Open Energy Information
Emission Factors (EMFAC) Emission Factors (EMFAC) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: EMFAC Agency/Company /Organization: California Environmental Protection Agency Sector: Energy Focus Area: Transportation Phase: Determine Baseline Topics: Baseline projection, GHG inventory Resource Type: Software/modeling tools, Online calculator User Interface: Spreadsheet Website: www.arb.ca.gov/msei/onroad/latest_version.htm Country: United States Cost: Free Northern America References: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/onroad/latest_version.htm The EMission FACtors (EMFAC) model is used to calculate emission rates from all motor vehicles, such as passenger cars to heavy-duty trucks, operating on highways, freeways and local roads in California. EMFAC2007 is the most recent version of this model.
Annotated bibliography of human factors applications literature
This bibliography was prepared as part of the Human Factors Technology Project, FY 1984, sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Safety, US Department of Energy. The project was conducted by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, with Essex Corporation as a subcontractor. The material presented here is a revision and expansion of the bibliographic material developed in FY 1982 as part of a previous Human Factors Technology Project. The previous bibliography was published September 30, 1982, as Attachment 1 to the FY 1982 Project Status Report.
McCafferty, D.B.
Ccg supertags in factored statistical machine translation
Combinatorial Categorial Grammar (CCG) supertags present phrase-based machine translation with an opportunity to access rich syntactic information at a word level. The challenge is incorporating this information into the translation process. Factored translation models allow the inclusion of supertags as a factor in the source or target language. We show that this results in an improvement in the quality of translation and that the value of syntactic supertags in flat structured phrase-based models is largely due to better local reorderings. 1
Alexandra Birch; Miles Osborne
Momentum compaction and phase slip factor
Section 2.3.11 of the Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering on Landau damping is updated. The slip factor and its higher orders are given in terms of the various orders of the momentum compaction. With the aid of a simplified FODO lattice, formulas are given for the alteration of the lower orders of the momentum compaction by various higher multipole magnets. The transition to isochronicity is next demonstrated. Formulas are given for the extraction of the first three orders of the slip factor from the measurement of the synchrotron tune while changing the rf frequency. Finally bunch-length compression experiments in semi-isochronous rings are reported.
Ng, K.Y.; /Fermilab
miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor miRNA as Bystander Effect Factor L. Smilenov 1 , M. Grad 2 , D. Attinger 2 and E.Hall 1 1 Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University DOE Grant: DEPS0208ER0820 Abstract: miRNA are 21-23 mer RNA molecules which are essential for organism development and cell functions. They regulate gene expression by binding to the 3'UTR of mRNA, inducing either
Community discovery using nonnegative matrix factorization
Complex networks exist in a wide range of real world systems, such as social networks, technological networks, and biological networks. During the last decades, many researchers have concentrated on exploring some common things contained in those large ... Keywords: Community discovery, Nonnegative matrix factorization
Fei Wang; Tao Li; Xin Wang; Shenghuo Zhu; Chris Ding
Factorization studies in SIDIS at Jlab
Data for positive and negative pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets are found to satisfy factorization tests in the kinematic region Q{sup 2} > 2 GeV{sup 2}, 0.2 < 0.45, W > 2 GeV, M{sub x} > 1.5 GeV, and 0.3 < 0.6.
Peter Bosted; Rolf Ent; David Gaskell; Hamlet Mkrtchyan; Tigran Navasardyan; Varden Tadevosyan
Study of Factors Affecting Shrub Establishment on the Monticello...
Study of Factors Affecting Shrub Establishment on the Monticello, Utah, Disposal Cell Cover Study of Factors Affecting Shrub Establishment on the Monticello, Utah, Disposal Cell...
Definition: Generator-To-Load Distribution Factor | Open Energy...
on an identified transmission facility or Flowgate.1 Related Terms Load Shift Factor, transmission lines, Generator Shift Factor, transmission line, flowgate, smart grid...
Critical factors influencing employment of disabled persons in Malaysia.
??This study examines key factors that affect opportunities for employment of disabled people in Malaysia. Four factors are covered by the study; these are namely,ģ (more)
Ramakrishnan, Prabha.
Factors affecting the indoor concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols...
Factors affecting the indoor concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols of outdoor origin Title Factors affecting the indoor concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols of outdoor origin...
Protein Synthesis Initiation Factors: Phosphorylation and Regulation
The initiation of the synthesis of proteins is a fundamental process shared by all living organisms. Each organism has both shared and unique mechanisms for regulation of this vital process. Higher plants provide for a major amount of fixation of carbon from the environment and turn this carbon into food and fuel sources for our use. However, we have very little understanding of how plants regulate the synthesis of the proteins necessary for these metabolic processes. The research carried out during the grant period sought to address some of these unknowns in the regulation of protein synthesis initiation. Our first goal was to determine if phosphorylation plays a significant role in plant initiation of protein synthesis. The role of phosphorylation, although well documented in mammalian protein synthesis regulation, is not well studied in plants. We showed that several of the factors necessary for the initiation of protein synthesis were targets of plant casein kinase and showed differential phosphorylation by the plant specific isoforms of this kinase. In addition, we identified and confirmed the phosphorylation sites in five of the plant initiation factors. Further, we showed that phosphorylation of one of these factors, eIF5, affected the ability of the factor to participate in the initiation process. Our second goal was to develop a method to make initiation factor 3 (eIF3) using recombinant methods. To date, we successfully cloned and expressed 13/13 subunits of wheat eIF3 in E. coli using de novo gene construction methods. The final step in this process is to place the subunits into three different plasmid operons for co-expression. Successful completion of expression of eIF3 will be an invaluable tool to the plant translation community.
Karen S. Browning
Reliability based investigation of design factors
Second-moment probabilistic techniques are used to formulate structural resistances and loads and to derive reliability-based safety, load, and strength factors for design. Existing concepts of the second-moment reliability theory have been extended to the practical case of multiple load combinations. This development consistently includes the stochastic character of loads and the unpredictable nature of their combinations. For this purpose, a new technique for the evaluation of load combinations is presented, whereby the moments of the extreme of combined loads is obtained in terms of the moments of individual loads and parameters describing their random fluctuations in time. Reliability-based safety, load, and strength factors are derived in terms of the acceptable level of risk, the coefficients of variation of the loads and resistance, uncertainties associated with errors in modeling and estimation, and a set of parameters describing the stochastic nature of loads and their combinations.
Infinite Dimensional VARs and Factor Models
and any r 2 f1; ::;mg. ASSUMPTION 14 (Random factor loadings) isr = sr + #17;isr for s 2 f1; ::; kg , r 2 f1; ::;mg and any i 2 N, (69) where #17;isr #24; IID #0; 0; #27;2#17;sr #1; , isr does not change with N #21; i. #17;isr is independently... distributed of "r0t and ut for any s 2 f1; ::; kg ; r; r0 2 f1; ::;mg ; i 2 N and any t 2 Z. Furthermore, the third and the fourth moments of #17;isr are bounded. ASSUMPTION 15 (Non-random factor loadings) isr = O (1) for any i 2 N and any s 2 f1; ::; kg, r 2...
Chudik, Alexander; Pesaran, M Hashem
Factorization in B ---> V gamma decays
The factorization properties of the radiative decays B {yields} V{gamma} are analyzed at leading order in 1/m{sub b} using the soft-collinear effective theory. It is shown that the decay amplitudes can be expressed in terms of a B {yields} V form factor evaluated at q{sup 2} = 0, light-cone distribution amplitudes of the B and V mesons, and calculable hard-scattering kernels. The renormalization-group equations in the effective theory are solved to resum perturbative logarithms of the different scales in the decay process. Phenomenological implications for the B {yields} K*{gamma} branching ratio, isospin asymmetry, and CP asymmetries are discussed, with particular emphasis on possible effects from physics beyond the Standard Model.
Becher, Thomas; /Fermilab; Hill, Richard J.; /SLAC; Neubert, Matthias; /Cornell U., LEPP
Predicting structure in nonsymmetric sparse matrix factorizations
Many computations on sparse matrices have a phase that predicts the nonzero structure of the output, followed by a phase that actually performs the numerical computation. We study structure prediction for computations that involve nonsymmetric row and column permutations and nonsymmetric or non-square matrices. Our tools are bipartite graphs, matchings, and alternating paths. Our main new result concerns LU factorization with partial pivoting. We show that if a square matrix A has the strong Hall property (i.e., is fully indecomposable) then an upper bound due to George and Ng on the nonzero structure of L + U is as tight as possible. To show this, we prove a crucial result about alternating paths in strong Hall graphs. The alternating-paths theorem seems to be of independent interest: it can also be used to prove related results about structure prediction for QR factorization that are due to Coleman, Edenbrandt, Gilbert, Hare, Johnson, Olesky, Pothen, and van den Driessche.
Gilbert, J.R. (Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, CA (United States)); Ng, E.G. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))
Using Two-Factor RSA Token
Using Two-Factor RSA Token Using Two-Factor RSA Token with VPN User Guide November 2013 Using Your RSA token with WebVPN 1. Establish a connection to the Internet and connect to https://connect.doe.gov 2. Users who are using their RSA Token for the first time should follow the steps below for PIN creation. Others who have already set up their PIN and used their RSA token previously should enter their six digit numeric username and passcode; this is the PIN + the RSA token code. The result of this successful login will be Step 8 below. 3. A login page similar to the picture below will be displayed. Enter your VPN Username (six-digit numeric ID) and your Password by typing your generated RSA Token code and then click the Login button. Example; your generated RSA token code is 032848 (from above). In the Password box, you will enter
Superintegrable Systems and Higher Rank Factorizations
We consider a class of two-dimensional super-integrable systems that can be considered as the natural generalization of some well known one-dimensional factorized systems. Using standard methods to find the shape-invariant intertwining operators we find an so(6) dynamical algebra and its Hamiltonian hierarchies. In particular we consider those associated to unitary representations that can be displayed by means of three-dimensional polyhedral lattices.
Negro, Javier; Calzada, Juan A.; Olmo, Mariano A. del [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Atomica y Optica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid (Spain)
Fukushima Daiichi Accident -- Technical Causal Factor Analysis
On March 11, 2011, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant experienced a seismic event and subsequent tsunami. The accident and the ensuing mitigation and recovery activities occurred over several days, involved a number of incidents, and might provide several opportunities for lessons learned. The objective of this report is to determine the fundamental causative factors for the loss of critical systems at the Fukushima Daiichi reactors that resulted in core damage and subsequent radioactive release. ...
The purpose of this document is to calculate airborne release dispersion factors ({chi}/Q) for the surface and subsurface facilities at the Geological Repository Operations Area (GROA). The calculated {chi}/Q values may be used to estimate radiological consequences to workers for potential releases from normal operations and event sequences for License Application. The scope of this document is to provide estimates of {chi}/Q values at potential onsite receptors from facility releases, under normal operating conditions and event sequences.
J. Wang
Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other ...
Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other Volatile Organic Compounds in FEMA Temporary Housing Units ...
Geothermal: Sponsored by OSTI -- Parametric Analysis of the Factors...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Parametric Analysis of the Factors Controlling the Costs of Sedimentary Geothermal Systems - Preliminary Results (Poster)...
Methodologies to determine the proliferation resistance (PR) of nuclear facilities often rely on either expert elicitation, a resource-intensive approach without easily reproducible results, or numeric evaluations, which can fail to take into account the institutional knowledge and expert experience of the nonproliferation community. In an attempt to bridge the gap and bring the institutional knowledge into numeric evaluations of PR, a survey was conducted of 33 individuals to find the relative importance of a set of 62 nonproliferation factors, subsectioned into groups under the headings of Diversion, Transportation, Transformation, and Weaponization. One third of the respondents were self-described nonproliferation professionals, and the remaining two thirds were from secondary professions related to nonproliferation, such as industrial engineers or policy analysts. The factors were taken from previous work which used multi-attribute utility analysis with uniform weighting of attributes and did not include institutional knowledge. In both expert and non-expert groups, all four headings and the majority of factors had different relative importance at a confidence of 95% (p=0.05). This analysis and survey demonstrates that institutional knowledge can be brought into numeric evaluations of PR, if there is a sufficient investment of resources made prior to the evaluation.
Richard Metcalf
Graphical technique for interpolating shape factors for peripheral waterflood systems
A method of interpolating the shape factors between already known sets of data can be utilized in peripheral waterflood systems. This graphical technique should provide reasonably reliable shape factors without necessitating further flow pattern evaluation. A set of interpolated shape factors for the constant pressure difference case is tabulated. These factors were derived from the shape factors previously determined using variation of width technique. A comparison of the interpolated shape factors and the shape factors obtained by the circling-in techniques are also shown. Good agreement was obtained in this comparison.
Kantar, K.; Helander, D.P.
Tropical Cyclogenesis Factors in a Warming Climate
Understanding the underlying causes of tropical cyclone formation is crucial to predicting tropical cyclone behavior in a warming environment, given the Earth's current warming trend. This study examines two sets of simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1 (CAM3): one with aerosol forcings and one without. We looked at how four factors known to be important to tropical cyclone formation vary as carbon dioxde and the ensuing temperature changes increase to very high levels. These factors include Maximum Potential Intensity (MPI), mid-tropospheric moisture content, 200-850 mb vertical wind shear, and 850 mb absolute vorticity. We considered different representations of mid-tropospheric moisture by examining both relative humidity and chi, a non-dimensional measure of the saturation entropy deficit at 600 mb. We also looked at different combinations of these factors, including several variations of a Genesis Potential Index (GPI) and an incubation parameter, gamma, that is related to the length of time required to saturate the middle troposphere and aid tropical cyclogenesis. Higher MPI, lower saturation deficits and higher relative humidity, lower wind shear, and higher absolute vorticity all act to enhance the GPI and lower the incubation time, meaning larger environmental support for tropical cyclone development and intensification. In areas where tropical cyclone development is prevalent today, we found that shear generally decreased, but MPI decreased, absolute vorticity decreased, and the saturation deficit increases. Thus, in today's prevalent tropical cyclone regions, conditions become less favorable for development and intensification as the climate warms. On the other hand, genesis regions tend to push northward into the subtropics, as conditions become much more favorable for development up to ~40 degrees North due to both decreased wind shear and much higher MPI values.
Cathey, Stephen Christopher
Physical Nucleon Form Factors from Lattice QCD
We explore the possibility of extrapolating state of the art lattice QCD calculations of nucleon electromagnetic form factors to the physical regime. We find that the lattice results can be reproduced using the Light Front Cloudy Bag Model by letting its parameters be analytic functions of the quark mass. We then use the model to extrapolate the lattice result to the physical value of the pion mass, thereby allowing us to study how the predicted zero in GE(Q2)/GM(Q2) for proton varies as a function of quark mass.
Matevosyan, Hrayr H. [Louisiana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 202 Nicholson Hall, Tower Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave., Newport News, VA 23606 (United States); Miller, Gerald A. [University of Washington, Department of Physics, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195-1560 (United States); Thomas, Anthony W. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave., Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)
Survey of nucleon electromagnetic form factors
There has been much activity in the measurement of the elastic electromagnetic proton and neutron form factors in the last decade, and the quality of the data has been greatly improved by performing double polarization experiments, in compar- ison with previous unpolarized data. Here we review the experimental data base in view of the new results for the proton, and neutron, obtained at MIT-Bates, MAMI, and JLab. The rapid evolution of phenomenological models triggered by these high-precision experiments will be discussed.
Perdrisat, Charles F. [William and Mary College; Punjabi, Vina A. [Norfolk State U.
Resources required for topological quantum factoring
We consider a hypothetical topological quantum computer composed of either Ising or Fibonacci anyons. For each case, we calculate the time and number of qubits (space) necessary to execute the most computationally expensive step of Shor's algorithm, modular exponentiation. For Ising anyons, we apply Bravyi's distillation method [S. Bravyi, Phys. Rev. A 73, 042313 (2006)] which combines topological and nontopological operations to allow for universal quantum computation. With reasonable restrictions on the physical parameters we find that factoring a 128-bit number requires approximately 10{sup 3} Fibonacci anyons versus at least 3x10{sup 9} Ising anyons. Other distillation algorithms could reduce the resources for Ising anyons substantially.
Baraban, M. [Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (United States); Bonesteel, N. E. [Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310 (United States); Simon, S. H. [Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Oxford University, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP (United Kingdom)
Human factors engineering program review model
The staff of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is performing nuclear power plant design certification reviews based on a design process plan that describes the human factors engineering (HFE) program elements that are necessary and sufficient to develop an acceptable detailed design specification and an acceptable implemented design. There are two principal reasons for this approach. First, the initial design certification applications submitted for staff review did not include detailed design information. Second, since human performance literature and industry experiences have shown that many significant human factors issues arise early in the design process, review of the design process activities and results is important to the evaluation of an overall design. However, current regulations and guidance documents do not address the criteria for design process review. Therefore, the HFE Program Review Model (HFE PRM) was developed as a basis for performing design certification reviews that include design process evaluations as well as review of the final design. A central tenet of the HFE PRM is that the HFE aspects of the plant should be developed, designed, and evaluated on the basis of a structured top-down system analysis using accepted HFE principles. The HFE PRM consists of ten component elements. Each element in divided into four sections: Background, Objective, Applicant Submittals, and Review Criteria. This report describes the development of the HFE PRM and gives a detailed description of each HFE review element.
Not Available
A New Approach to an Accurate Wind Chill Factor
Winter weather often shows a severity marked by low dry-bulb temperature combined with high wind speed. The wind chill factor is now a standard meteorological term to express this severity. This factor, or more appropriately the wind chill ...
Maurice Bluestein; Jack Zecher
Factors Controlling The Geochemical Evolution Of Fumarolic Encrustatio...
factors controlled the formation and evolution of fumarolic encrustations on the 1912 ash-flow sheet in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS). The six-factor solution model...
Factor Structure in Groups Selected on Observed Scores
corresponding to item format ('minor' answer key and 'other' answer key). There are two quantitative factors,into the full sample answer key factors (2 and 3). The five
Muthen, Bengt O.
Shortwave Shape Factor Inversion of Earth Radiation Budget Observations
The shape factor technique is routinely used to invert wide-angle radiometric measurements at satellite altitude to flux at the top of the atmosphere. The derivation of a shortwave shape factor requires assumptions on both the viewed radiation ...
Richard N. Green; G. Louis Smith
Factors affecting home range of mallard pairs
Certain habitat and social factors were investigated for their effect on home range size of mallard (Anas platyhynchos) pairs breeding in a forested region of north-central Minnesota during the spring of 1971--72. Data from 31 radio-marked hens and drakes were used, but primary emphasis was placed on 8 pairs (5 with both members of the pair marked). Pairs were radio-tracked on river marsh areas, river channels, and large sand lakes to provide comparative data for evaluating home range size differences. Home ranges varied from an average of 53 ha for pairs using primarily river habitat to 871 ha for pairs using only large sand lakes. River and lake shorelines varied considerably in species and density of vegetation. Interaction between pairs as well as density of flocked males appeared to be influenced by these habitat differences with resultant effects on home range sizes.
Riechmann, J.H.
Human Factors Aspects of Advanced Process Control
Energy conservation practices, such as heat recovery and integration, require that many chemical and related processes use advanced control systems. Many of the more advanced process control strategies and algorithms can cause operator confusion, leading to incorrect operator actions and negating the advantages of the advanced control. If the operator makes a mistake and upsets the process, or fails to respond correctly to a process upset, the loss can exceed the possible savings of the advanced control. Further, the experience can result in the operator not using the control capability in the future. Display and man/machine interface techniques, based on an understanding of human factors and of an operator's typical analysis of a process, can be used to present information to the operator in a manner which will prevent confusion. This paper discusses techniques for selecting and displaying process and control information to the operator.
Shaw, J. A.
hourly emission factors | OpenEI
60 60 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142278660 Varnish cache server hourly emission factors Dataset Summary Description Emissions from energy use in buildings are usually estimated on an annual basis using annual average multipliers. Using annual numbers provides a reasonable estimation of emissions, but it provides no indication of the temporal nature of the emissions. Therefore, there is no way of understanding the impact on emissions from load shifting and peak shaving technologies such as thermal energy storage, on-site renewable energy, and demand control. Source NREL Date Released April 11th, 2011 (3 years ago) Date Updated April 11th, 2011 (3 years ago)
Factors Affecting the Dissolution of Resorbable Bioactive Glasses
Factors affecting dissolution are numerous: residual stress, composition, ... and manufacturing method on the dissolution behaviour of glasses with fixed overallĀ...
Experimental determination of the evolvability of a transcription factor
of gene regulation by transcription factors and micrornas. Nat Rev Genet 8:93┬Ł103. 35. Sparrow D, Guillen
Quake, Stephen R.
NIST Team Demystifies Utility of Power Factor Correction ...
... M. Misakian, TL Nelson and WE Feero. Regarding Electric Energy Savings, Power Factors, and Carbon Footprints: A Primer. ...
Factors Involved in Search Dog Training
Events of significant impact as recent as hurricane Ike yielded a consistent disturbing truth: we lack sufficient numbers of competent search dog [Canis familiaris] teams. This study was conceived to provide information in identifying factors involved in training competent search dogs. Obedience training methods, age training was initiated, previous handler canine training experience, and handler perception and emotional attachment to their search dog were examined through a sixty-six question survey. Achievement of a national certification was used as a measure of performance success. Association between factors and performance success was evaluated through Chi-Square testing. Surveys were announced through the National Search Dog Alliance (NSDA) and were available online; 177 were fully completed by respondents and used in the data analysis. Seventy-two percent of nationally certified canine team respondents preferred positive reinforcement methods. Several statistically significant associations were detected: (a) female handlers preferred positive reinforcement training methods [x^2 = 8.504, d.f.=1, P = 0.004], (b) as dogs matured use of active training equipment increased [x^2 = 54.043, d.f.= 2, P training each week had a higher proportion of national certifications [x^2 = 16.379, d.f. = 1, P less than 0.001]. The data also indicated a trend for handlers to have previous canine training experience equal to or greater than search dog training experience [x^2 = 118.36, d.f. = 9, P =0.05]. The results warrant further research on the effects of early training, the effects of training time investment, and the interaction between canine selection and handler understanding of canine learning theory.
Alexander, Michael B.
EPRI-CRIEPI Joint Human Factors Program Summary Report: Joint EPRI-CRIEPI Human Factors Studies
The EPRI-CRIEPI Joint Human Factors Program developed an array of intervention products that provide logical solutions to performance problems confronting nuclear power plant maintenance workers. These products, designed to reduce the incidence of errors and increase productivity, range from job performance cards to a software-based authoring system for training material.
Probability based load factors for design of concrete containment structures
This paper describes a procedure for developing probability-based load combinations for the design of concrete containments. The proposed criteria are in a load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format. The load factors and resistance factors are derived for use in limit states design and are based on a target limit state probability. In this paper, the load factors for accident pressure and safe shutdown earthquake are derived for three target limit state probabilities. Other load factors are recommended on the basis of prior experience with probability-based design criteria for ordinary building construction. 6 refs.
Hwang, H.; Kagami, S.; Reich, M.; Ellingwood, B.; Shinozuka, M.
Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program - Electricity Factors
Voluntary Reporting Program > Coefficients Voluntary Reporting Program > Coefficients Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program (Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program Fuel Carbon Dioxide Emission Coefficients) Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program Fuel Emission Coefficients Table 1: Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Stationary Combustion Table 2: Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Transportation Fuels Table 3: Generic Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission Factors for Stationary Fuel Combustion Table 4: Specific Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission Factors for Biogenic Fuel Sources Table 5: Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions Factors for Highway Vehicles Table 6: Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission Factors for Alternative Fuel Vehicles Table 7: Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission Factors for Non-Highway Mobile Combustion
A review of electrochromic window performance factors
The performance factors which will influence the market acceptance of electrochromic windows are reviewed. A set of data representing the optical properties of existing and foreseeable electrochromic window devices was generated. The issue of reflective versus absorbing electrochromics was explored. This data was used in the DOE 2.1 building energy model to calculate the expected energy savings compared to conventional glazings. The effects of several different control strategies were tested. Significant energy and peak electric demand benefits were obtained for some electrochromic types. Use of predictive control algorithms to optimize cooling control may result in greater energy savings. Initial economic results considering annual savings, cooling equipment cost savings, and electrochromic window costs are presented. Calculations of thermal and visual comfort show additional benefits from electrochromics but more work is needed to quantify their importance. The design freedom and aesthetic possibilities of these dynamic glazings should provide additional market benefits, but their impact is difficult to assess at this time. Ultimately, a full assessment of the market viability of electrochromics must consider the impacts of all of these issues.
Selkowitz, S.E.; Rubin, M.; Lee, E.S.; Sullivan, R.; Finlayson, E.; Hopkins, D.
The interpretation of screen-factor measurements
Screen-factor (SF) measurements are widely used in the petroleum industry to characterize polymer solutions. The measurements are easy to perform and provide information that is different from solution-viscosity measurements. However, there has been no quantitative explanation of what solution property is being measured by SF. The authors show that SF measures the elongational viscosity of a polymer solution. Experiments on a modified commercial screen viscometer show the relationship between SF measurements and elongational-flow measurements performed by Durst and coworkers. Durst has shown that the elongational flow field in a packed bed of spheres triggers a transition in the conformation of a flexible polymer molecule, such as polyacrylamide, from a coiled to a stretched state. This transition in conformation is accompanied by a jump in the resistance to flow by an order of magnitude. They show that conventional screen viscometers operate in the regime where the molecules are in the highly stretched state. On the basis of Durst's work, it is calculated that the SF measurement is sensitive to high-molecular-weight tails in the polymer molecular-weight distribution.
Lim, T.; Uhl, J.T.; Prud'homme, R.K.
Human Factors Aspects of Operating Small Reactors
The nuclear-power community has reached the stage of proposing advanced reactor designs to support power generation for decades to come. They are considering small modular reactors (SMRs) as one approach to meet these energy needs. While the power output of individual reactor modules is relatively small, they can be grouped to produce reactor sites with different outputs. Also, they can be designed to generate hydrogen, or to process heat. Many characteristics of SMRs are quite different from those of current plants, and so may require a concept of operations (ConOps) that also is different. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has begun examining the human factors engineering- (HFE) and ConOps- aspects of SMRs; if needed, they will formulate guidance to support SMR licensing reviews. We developed a ConOps model, consisting of the following dimensions: Plant mission; roles and responsibilities of all agents; staffing, qualifications, and training; management of normal operations; management of off-normal conditions and emergencies; and, management of maintenance and modifications. We are reviewing information on SMR design to obtain data about each of these dimensions, and have identified several preliminary issues. In addition, we are obtaining operations-related information from other types of multi-module systems, such as refineries, to identify lessons learned from their experience. Here, we describe the project's methodology and our preliminary findings.
OHara, J.M.; Higgins, J.; Deem, R. (BNL); Xing, J.; DAgostino, A. (NRC)
Development of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Russia | Open
the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Russia the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Russia Jump to: navigation, search Name Development of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Russia Agency/Company /Organization European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics GHG inventory Resource Type Publications Website http://www.lahmeyer.de/fileadm Country Russia Eastern Europe References Development of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Russia[1] References Ōåæ "Development of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Russia" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Development_of_the_Electricity_Carbon_Emission_Factors_for_Russia&oldid=383164" Category: Programs What links here Related changes Special pages
Dose factor entry and display tool for BNCT radiotherapy
A system for use in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) radiotherapy planning where a biological distribution is calculated using a combination of conversion factors and a previously calculated physical distribution. Conversion factors are presented in a graphical spreadsheet so that a planner can easily view and modify the conversion factors. For radiotherapy in multi-component modalities, such as Fast-Neutron and BNCT, it is necessary to combine each conversion factor component to form an effective dose which is used in radiotherapy planning and evaluation. The Dose Factor Entry and Display System is designed to facilitate planner entry of appropriate conversion factors in a straightforward manner for each component. The effective isodose is then immediately computed and displayed over the appropriate background (e.g. digitized image).
Wessol, Daniel E. (Bozeman, MT); Wheeler, Floyd J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Cook, Jeremy L. (Greeley, CO)
Semiregular Factorization of Simple Graphs A. J. W. Hilton
]. A (d, d + 1)-graph is said to be semiregular. An (r, r + 1)-factorization of a graph is a decomposition of the graph into edge-disjoint (r, r + 1)-factors. We discuss here the state of knowledge about (r, r +1)-factorizations of d-regular graphs and of (d, d + 1)-graphs. For r, s 0, let (r, s) be the least integer
Wojciechowski, Jerzy
Factors Associated with Increasing Teacher Retention in Rural Schools.
??This paper seeks to identify school-based factors associated with increasing teacher retention in rural public schools. Though there is a large body of research thatģ (more)
Rutenberg, David
Black Carbon Concentrations and Diesel Vehicle Emission Factors...
Black Carbon Concentrations and Diesel Vehicle Emission Factors Derived from Coefficient of Haze Measurements in California: 1967-2003 Title Black Carbon Concentrations and Diesel...
Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other ... ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; PHENOL; PLASTICIZERS; ... of TMPB-DIB (a plasticizer found in vinyl . ...
DVD Production Process & Key Factors for Quality Discs
... wide market share for DVD +/- RW; #2 World-wide market share for CD ... Key factor - deep knowledge of forming thin metal film - optimization of ...
Factors driving wind power development in the United States
s Largest Purchase of Wind Power,ö September 17, 2001.FACTORS DRIVING WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATESthe United States third in wind power capacity globally,
Bird, Lori A.; Parsons, Brian; Gagliano, Troy; Brown, Matthew H.; Wiser, Ryan H.; Bolinger, Mark
What are the major factors affecting natural gas prices? - FAQ ...
What are the major factors affecting natural gas prices? Natural gas prices are mainly a function of market supply and demand. Because there are ...
Heavy-to-light form factors on the light cone
The light cone method provides a convenient non-perturbative tool to study the heavy-to-light form factors. We construct a light cone quark model utilizing the soft collinear effective theory. In the leading order of effective theory, the ten $B$ to light physical form factors are reduced to three universal form factors which can be calculated as overlaps of hadron light front wave functions in the light cone quark model. The numerical results show that the leading contribution is close to the results from other approaches. The $q^2$ dependence of the heavy-to-light form factors are also presented.
Cai-Dian Lu; Wei Wang; Zheng-Tao Wei
Indoor Residential Chemical Emissions as Risk Factors for Children...
The identified risk factors include specific organic compounds such as formaldehyde, benzene, and phthalates, as well as indoor materials or finishes such as vinyl flooring,...
Factors affecting adoption of renewable and other electricity ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov Factors affecting adoption of renewable and other electricity generation technologies
EIA highlights key factors in new energy and financial markets ...
Yesterday, EIA launched a new web-based assessment highlighting key factors that can affect crude oil prices called "Energy and Financial Markets: What Drives Crude ...
Artificial neural networks for electricity consumption forecasting considering climatic factors
This work develops Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models applied to predict the consumption forecasting considering climatic factors. It is intended to verify the influence of climatic factors on the electricity consumption forecasting through the ... Keywords: artificial neural networks, electricity consumption forecasting
Francisco David Moya Chaves
Predicting Missing Ratings in Recommender Systems: Adapted Factorization Approach
The paper presents a factorization-based approach to make predictions in recommender systems. These systems are widely used in electronic commerce to help customers find products according to their preferences. Taking into account the customer's ratings ... Keywords: Factorization Technique, Recommender Systems, Singular Value Decomposition
Carme JuliÓ; Angel Sappa; Felipe Lumbreras; Joan Serrat; Antonio L¾pez
Agronomic and environmental factors influence weed composition and canola competitiveness
Agronomic and environmental factors influence weed composition and canola competitiveness. C. 2006. Agronomic and environmental factors influence weed composition and canola competitiveness in southern Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 591┬Ł599. Canola yield in Manitoba has reached a plateau in recent
Kenkel, Norm
Factors Affecting KM Implementation in the Chinese Community
This paper reviews past research on KM to identify key factors affecting Chinese KM implementation. It begins with a chronological overview of 76 KM related publications, followed by two separate discussions of socio-cultural and non-socio-cultural factors ... Keywords: China, Chinese, KM Implementation, Knowledge Management
Yang Lin; Kimiz Dalkir
Factors Associated with Photovoltaic System Costs (Topical Issues Brief)
A variety of factors can affect the cost of photovoltaic systems. This report analyses the relationship among such factors by using information entered into a voluntary registry of PV systems and performing regression analyses. The results showed statistically significant relationships between photovoltaic system cost and (a) grid connection, (b) installation year, (c) areas where the utility had entered into volume purchasing agreements.
Mortensen, J.
Using hardware vulnerability factors to enhance AVF analysis
Fault tolerance is now a primary design constraint for all major microprocessors. One step in determining a processor's compliance to its failure rate target is measuring the Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF) of each on-chip structure. The AVF ... Keywords: architectural vulnerability factor, fault tolerance, reliability
Vilas Sridharan; David R. Kaeli
Identifying transcription factor targets using enhanced Bayesian classifier
Finding transcription factors (TFs) to their target genes (TGs) is the first step to understand the transcriptional regulatory networks. Here we present a method which uses an enhanced Bayesian classifier to predict the TF-TG pairs in time-course expression ... Keywords: Bayesian classifier, Time-course expression data, Transcription factor targets
Dong He; Dao Zhou; Yanhong Zhou
Neutron Form Factor from Neutrino-Nucleus Coherent Elastic Scattering
We analyze the prospect of measuring the neutron form factor of a nucleus through the detection of neutrino-nucleus coherent elastic scattering. We predict numbers of events in a liquid noble nuclear recoil detector at a stopped pion neutrino source. We discuss the precision required to distinguish between different theoretical models for the form factor.
Philip S. Amanik; Gail C. McLaughlin
The Determination of View-Factors in Urban Canyons
An important aspect of longwave radiation exchange within urban canopies is the degree to which the sky is obscured by surrounding buildings, a concept which may be described by the sky view-factor (?s). Hitherto, expressions for sky view-factors ...
Glenn T. Johnson; Ian D. Watson
Optimal filling factor of nanorod lenses for subwavelength imaging
We analyze the effect of the filling factor on the imaging performance of metallic nanorod lenses. We observe that thicker nanorods allow lower reflection in the canalization regime and we find optimal values of the filling factor to achieve a transfer function with the characteristics of a perfect lens in a wide range of spatial frequencies.
Kosulnikov, Sergey Yu.; Yankovskaya, Elizaveta A. [Department of Photonics and Optoinformatics, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Kronverkskiy pr., 49, 197101 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Maslovski, Stanislav I. [Department of Electrical Engineering, Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra (Portugal); Belov, Pavel A. [Department of Photonics and Optoinformatics, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Kronverkskiy pr., 49, 197101 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Queen Mary College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS (United Kingdom); Kivshar, Yuri S. [Department of Photonics and Optoinformatics, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Kronverkskiy pr., 49, 197101 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Nonlinear Physics Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200 (Australia)
The critical success factors of business process management
Although business process management ('BPM') is a popular concept, it has not yet been properly theoretically grounded. This leads to problems in identifying both generic and case-specific critical success factors of BPM programs. The paper proposes ... Keywords: Business process management, Contingency theory, Critical success factors, Dynamic capabilities, Task-technology fit
Peter Trkman
NREL: Energy Analysis - Utility-Scale Energy Technology Capacity Factors
Utility-Scale Energy Technology Capacity Factors Utility-Scale Energy Technology Capacity Factors This chart indicates the range of recent capacity factor estimates for utility-scale renewable energy technologies. The dots indicate the average, and the vertical lines represent the range: Average +1 standard deviation and average -1 standard deviation. If you are seeking utility-scale technology cost and performance estimates, please visit the Transparent Cost Database website for NREL's information regarding vehicles, biofuels, and electricity generation. Capital Cost (September 2013 Update) Operations & Maintenance (September 2013 Update) Utility-Scale Capacity Factors Useful Life Land Use by System Technology LCOE Calculator Capacity factor for energy technologies. For more information, please download supporting data for energy technology costs.
Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity
4047 4047 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142254047 Varnish cache server Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies Dataset Summary Description This dataset is from the report Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies: a review of existing literature (J. Macknick, R. Newmark, G. Heath and K.C. Hallett) and provides estimates of operational water withdrawal and water consumption factors for electricity generating technologies in the United States. Estimates of water factors were collected from published primary literature and were not modified except for unit conversions. The water factors presented may be useful in modeling and policy analyses where reliable power plant level data are not available.
Analysis of IFR driver fuel hot channel factors
Thermal-hydraulic uncertainty factors for Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) driver fuels have been determined based primarily on the database obtained from the predecessor fuels used in the IFR prototype, Experimental Breeder Reactor II. The uncertainty factors were applied to the channel factors (HCFs) analyses to obtain separate overall HCFs for fuel and cladding for steady-state analyses. A ``semistatistical horizontal method`` was used in the HCFs analyses. The uncertainty factor of the fuel thermal conductivity dominates the effects considered in the HCFs analysis; the uncertainty in fuel thermal conductivity will be reduced as more data are obtained to expand the currently limited database for the IFR ternary metal fuel (U-20Pu-10Zr). A set of uncertainty factors to be used for transient analyses has also been derived.
Ku, J.Y.; Chang, L.K.; Mohr, D.
An analysis of factors contributing to train-involved crashes
A railroad-highway grade crossing is a unique intersection in that two different modes of transportation (trains and vehicles) use the same physical space. Many factors can contribute to collisions between trains and vehicles at these crossings. Crashes involving trains and vehicles are a significant safety problem in Texas each year. This research attempts to identify and analyze contributing factors to train-involved accidents in Texas. Three years of accident data (1328 total accidents) were analyzed for the contributing factors. The contributing factors were classified into four categories: railroad factors, environmental factors, roadway factors, and driver/passenger factors. The accident data was analyzed using one and two-way classification tables. The frequency distributions for the accidents included in this study were compared to the corresponding frequency distributions for national or statewide accidents using a Chi-Square statistical test. Finally, research hypotheses were formulated based on a literature review of driver behavior and previous accident studies and then tested using population proportion tests. The results of the identification of contributing factors showed that tried to beat train, impaired driver, stuck, stalled, or stopped on tracks, driving around gates, and driver inattention were the five most frequent primary contributing factors. The Chi-Square comparison of frequency distributions for accidents included in this study showed that the protection type, time of day, light conditions, driver race and sex, accident severity, location type, and roadway class were statistically different compared to the corresponding national and statewide frequency distributions. The analysis of the research hypotheses showed that hypotheses 3, 8, and 10 were supported according to the population proportion testing.
Cooner, Scott Allen
Lifestyle Factors in U.S. Residential Electricity Consumption
A multivariate statistical approach to lifestyle analysis of residential electricity consumption is described and illustrated. Factor analysis of selected variables from the 2005 U.S. Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) identified five lifestyle factors reflecting social and behavioral choices associated with air conditioning, laundry usage, personal computer usage, climate zone of residence, and TV use. These factors were also estimated for 2001 RECS data. Multiple regression analysis using the lifestyle factors yields solutions accounting for approximately 40% of the variance in electricity consumption for both years. By adding the associated household and market characteristics of income, local electricity price and access to natural gas, variance accounted for is increased to approximately 54%. Income contributed only {approx}1% unique variance to the 2005 and 2001 models, indicating that lifestyle factors reflecting social and behavioral choices better account for consumption differences than income. This was not surprising given the 4-fold range of energy use at differing income levels. Geographic segmentation of factor scores is illustrated, and shows distinct clusters of consumption and lifestyle factors, particularly in suburban locations. The implications for tailored policy and planning interventions are discussed in relation to lifestyle issues.
Sanquist, Thomas F.; Orr, Heather M.; Shui, Bin; Bittner, Alvah C.
Using partial safety factors in wind turbine design and testing
This paper describes the relationship between wind turbine design and testing in terms of the certification process. An overview of the current status of international certification is given along with a description of limit-state design basics. Wind turbine rotor blades are used to illustrate the principles discussed. These concepts are related to both International Electrotechnical Commission and Germanischer Lloyd design standards, and are covered using schematic representations of statistical load and material strength distributions. Wherever possible, interpretations of the partial safety factors are given with descriptions of their intended meaning. Under some circumstances, the authors` interpretations may be subjective. Next, the test-load factors are described in concept and then related to the design factors. Using technical arguments, it is shown that some of the design factors for both load and materials must be used in the test loading, but some should not be used. In addition, some test factors not used in the design may be necessary for an accurate test of the design. The results show that if the design assumptions do not clearly state the effects and uncertainties that are covered by the design`s partial safety factors, outside parties such as test labs or certification agencies could impose their own meaning on these factors.
Musial, W.D.; Butterfield, C.
Lyndon words with a fixed standard right factor
Given a totally ordered alphabet A, a Lyndon word is a word that is strictly smaller, for the lexicographical order, than any of its conjugates (i.e., all words obtained by a circular permutation on the letters). Lyndon words were introduced by Lyndon [6] under the name of ōstandard lexicographic sequences ö in order to give a base for the free Lie algebra over A. The set of Lyndon words is denoted by L. For instance, with a binary alphabet A = {a, b}, the first Lyndon words until length five are L = {a, b,ab, aab, abb, aaab, aabb, abbb, aaaab, aaabb, aabab, aabbb, ababb, abbbb,...}. Note that a non-empty word is a Lyndon word if and only if it is strictly smaller than any of its proper suffixes. The standard (suffix) factorization of Lyndon words plays a central role in this framework (see [5], [7], [8]). For w ? L \\ A a Lyndon word not reduced to a letter, the pair (u, v) of Lyndon words such that w = uv and v of maximal length is called the standard factorization. The words u and v are called the left factor and right factor of the standard factorization. Equivalently, the right factor v of the standard factorization of a Lyndon word w which is not reduced to a letter can be defined as the smallest proper suffix of w for the lexicographical order. For instance we have the following standard factorizations: aaabaab = aaab Ę aab aaababb = a Ę aababb aabaabb = aab Ę aabb. One can then associate to a Lyndon word w a binary tree T(w) called its Lyndon tree recursively built in the following way: ¢ if w is a letter, then T(w) is a leaf labeled by w, ¢ otherwise T(w) is an internal node having T(u) and T(v) as children where u Ę v is the standard factorization of w.
Frķdķrique Bassino; Julien Clķment; Cyril Nicaud
Standardized method for developing stress intensification factors for piping components
At present, neither the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for Nuclear Power Plant Components (ASME B PV Code Section 3) nor the B31 codes for industrial piping provide a methodology for experimental determination of i-factors. This report examines the basis for the present Code fatigue rules and how the original i-factors were determined. It then provides a set of proposed additions to the code, Appendix 2, to guide users in developing i-factors. Such an appendix, with minor modification, can also be used by the B31 industrial piping codes.
Rodabaugh, E.C. (Rodabaugh (E.C.), Dublin, OH (United States))
Direct capture astrophysical S factors at low energy
We investigate the energy dependence of the astrophysical S factors for the reactions 7Be(p,gamma)8B, the primary source of high-energy solar neutrinos in the solar pp chain, and 16O(p,gamma)17F, an important reaction in the CNO cycle. Both of these reactions have predicted S factors which rise at low energies; we find the source of this behavior to be a pole in the S factor at a center-of-mass energy E = -E_B, the point where the energy of the emitted photon vanishes. The pole arises from a divergence of the radial integrals.
B. K. Jennings; S. Karataglidis; T. D. Shoppa
Conditioning analysis of incomplete Cholesky factorizations with orthogonal dropping
The analysis of preconditioners based on incomplete Cholesky factorization in which the neglected (dropped) components are orthogonal to the approximations being kept is presented. General estimate for the condition number of the preconditioned system is given which only depends on the accuracy of individual approximations. The estimate is further improved if, for instance, only the newly computed rows of the factor are modified during each approximation step. In this latter case it is further shown to be sharp. The analysis is illustrated with some existing factorizations in the context of discretized elliptic partial differential equations.
Napov, Artem
An improved charge pump power factor correction electronic ballast
An improved charge pump power factor correction (CPPFC) electronic ballast using the charge pump concept is proposed in this paper. Circuit derivation, principle of operation, and the conditions for achieving unity power factor are discussed. The proposed electronic ballast is implemented and tested with two 40-W fluorescent lamps. It is shown that 84% of overall efficiency and 1.6 of crest factor can be achieved with 200-V line input voltage. The measured line input current harmonics satisfy IEC 1000-3-2 Class C requirements. The lamp power variation range is automatically limited within {+-}15% for {+-}10% line input voltage variation without feedback control.
Qian, J.; Lee, F.C.; Yamauchi, T.
Factors Controlling The Geochemical Evolution Of Fumarolic Encrustations,
Controlling The Geochemical Evolution Of Fumarolic Encrustations, Controlling The Geochemical Evolution Of Fumarolic Encrustations, Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Factors Controlling The Geochemical Evolution Of Fumarolic Encrustations, Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska Details Activities (3) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Factor and canonical correlation analysis of geochemical data from eight fossil fumaroles suggest that six major factors controlled the formation and evolution of fumarolic encrustations on the 1912 ash-flow sheet in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS). The six-factor solution model explains a large proportion (low of 74% for Ni to high of 99% for Si) of the individual element data variance. Although the primary fumarolic
New England Wind Forum: Determining Factors Influencing Wind Economics in
Wind Powering America (EERE)
Determining Factors Influencing Wind Economics in New England Determining Factors Influencing Wind Economics in New England Figure 1: Installed Wind Project Costs by Region: 2003 through 2006 Projects Only New England's high land values, smaller land parcels, varied terrain, and more moderate wind speeds make for projects of smaller scale and higher unit cost than those likely to be built in Texas or the Great Plains states. Click on the graph to view a larger version. New England's high land values, smaller land parcels, varied terrain, and more moderate wind speeds make for projects of smaller scale and higher unit cost than those likely to be built in Texas or the Great Plains states. View a larger version of the graph. Figure 2: 2006 Project Capacity Factors by Region: 2002 through 2005 Projects Only The chart depicts project capacity factor by region. Click on the graph to view a larger version.
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Natural Source Slf Electromagnetic
Factors Affecting Natural Source Slf Electromagnetic Factors Affecting Natural Source Slf Electromagnetic Exploration At Geothermal Wells Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Analysis Of Factors Affecting Natural Source Slf Electromagnetic Exploration At Geothermal Wells Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) Abstract: The Super Low Frequency (SLF) electromagnetic exploration was performed by using a nature source SLF electromagnetic detector at two geothermal wells in Peking University. The data of the SLF electromagnetic exploration at well JR-119 and JR-168 were obtained with the observation of continued five days and four times per day at well JR-119 and of one day at well JR-168. Based on these data, the influencing factors of the SI-F electromagnetic exploration were analyzed, which included the relationship
Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other Volatile Organic
Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other Volatile Organic Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other Volatile Organic Compounds in FEMA Temporary Housing Units Title Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other Volatile Organic Compounds in FEMA Temporary Housing Units Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-4083E Year of Publication 2010 Authors Parthasarathy, Srinandini, Randy L. Maddalena, Marion L. Russell, and Michael G. Apte Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley Abstract Sixteen previously occupied temporary housing units (THUs) were studied to assess emissions of volatile organic compounds. The whole trailer emission factors were evaluated for 36 VOCs including formaldehyde. Indoor sampling was carried out in the THUs located in Purvis staging yard in Mississippi, USA. Indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH) were also measured in all the trailers during sampling. Indoor temperatures were varied (increased or decreased) in a selection of THUs using the
Hourly Energy Emission Factors for Electricity Generation in the United
Hourly Energy Emission Factors for Electricity Generation in the United Hourly Energy Emission Factors for Electricity Generation in the United States Dataset Summary Description Emissions from energy use in buildings are usually estimated on an annual basis using annual average multipliers. Using annual numbers provides a reasonable estimation of emissions, but it provides no indication of the temporal nature of the emissions. Therefore, there is no way of understanding the impact on emissions from load shifting and peak shaving technologies such as thermal energy storage, on-site renewable energy, and demand control. This project utilized GridViewTM, an electric grid dispatch software package, to estimate hourly emission factors for all of the eGRID subregions in the continental United States. These factors took into account electricity imports and exports
Factors Impacting Gasoline Prices and Areas for Further Study
Factors Impacting Gasoline Prices and Areas for Further Study Factors Impacting Gasoline Prices and Areas for Further Study 8/10/01 Click here to start Table of Contents Factors Impacting Gasoline Prices and Areas for Further Study Different Factors Impact Different Aspects of Gasoline Price Correlation of Price to Inventory Levels Crude Prices Strongly Related to OECD.Crude & Product Inventories Gasoline Prices Also Influenced by Regional Gasoline Product Markets Tight Product Balance Pushes Up Product Spread (Spot Product - Crude Price) Retail Price Changes Lag Spot Prices Cumulative Gasoline Price Pass-through Illustration of How Lag Effect Dampens and Slows Retail Price Changes from Wholesale Recent Weekly Retail Price Changes Have Been as Expected Summary: Most Gasoline Price Movement Can Be Explained As Rational Market Behavior Author: Joanne Shore
Separability and ground state factorization in quantum spin systems
We investigate the existence and the properties of fully separable (fully factorized) ground states in quantum spin systems. Exploiting techniques of quantum information and entanglement theory we extend a recently introduced method and construct a general, self-contained theory of ground state factorization in frustration-free quantum spin models defined on lattices in any spatial dimension and for interactions of arbitrary range. We show that, quite generally, non exactly solvable models in external field admit exact, fully factorized ground state solutions. Unentangled ground states occur at finite values of the Hamiltonian parameters satisfying well defined balancing conditions between external fields and interaction strengths. These conditions are analytically determined together with the type of magnetic orderings compatible with factorization and the corresponding values of the fundamental observables such as energy and magnetization. The method is applied to a series of examples of increasing complexi...
Giampaolo, S M; Illuminati, F
Bounding the Greybody Factors for Non-rotating Black Holes
Semiclassical black holes emit radiation called Hawking radiation. Such radiation, as seen by an asymptotic observer far outside the black hole, differs from original radiation near the horizon of the black hole by a redshift factor and the so-called "greybody factor". In this paper, we concentrate on the greybody factor-various bounds for the greybody factors of non-rotating black holes are obtained, concentrating on charged Reissner-Nordstrom and Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black holes. These bounds can be derived by using a 2x2 transfer matrix formalism. It is found that the charges of black holes act as efficient barriers. Furthermore, adding extra dimensions to spacetime can shield Hawking radiation. Finally, the cosmological constant can increase the emission rate of Hawking radiation.
Tritos Ngampitipan; Petarpa Boonserm
Factors Influencing Skill Improvements in the ECMWF Forecasting System
During the past 30 years the skill in ECMWF numerical forecasts has steadily improved. There are three major contributing factors: 1) improvements in the forecast model, 2) improvements in the data assimilation, and 3) the increased number of ...
Linus Magnusson; Erland Kõllķn
Factors Affecting Heat Transport in an Ocean General Circulation Model
A global ocean general circulation model with idealized geometry and coupled to a simple representation of atmospheric energy fluxes is used to investigate which physical factors determine meridional heat transport. A particular focus is on ...
Igor Kamenkovich; Jochem Marotzke; Peter H. Stone
Hourly Energy Emission Factors for Electricity Generation in...
Hourly Energy Emission Factors for Electricity Generation in the United States
Emissions from energy use in buildings are usually estimated on an annual...
Factors influencing German private equity investment in US real estate
This thesis identifies and ranks in order of importance the key factors influencing high net-worth German investors' decisions about US real estate private equity investments. Through research and in-depth interviews with ...
Paelmo, Kay L. (Kay Lee), 1977-
Energy Factors, Leasing Structure and the Market Price of Office...
Energy Factors, Leasing Structure and the Market Price of Office Buildings in the U.S. Speaker(s): Nancy Wallace Date: June 15, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint...
Factors Controlling ERBE Longwave Clear Sky and Cloud Forcing Fluxes
The factors controlling the Earth Radiation Budget satellite (ERBS) longwave clear sky and cloud-forcing fluxes are investigated using statistical analyses of the ERBS fluxes with International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud ...
Bryan C. Weare
Factors Governing the Total Rainfall Yield from Continental Convective Clouds
Several important factors that govern the total rainfall from continental convective clouds were investigated by tracking thousands of convective cells in Israel and South Africa. The rainfall volume yield (Rvol) of the individual cells that ...
Daniel Rosenfeld; Abraham Gagin
Factor estimation using MCMC-based Kalman filter methods
An exact MCMC-based solution for the Kalman filter with Markov switching and GARCH components is proposed. To motivate the solution, an international equity market model incorporating common Markovian regimes and GARCH residuals in a persistent factor ...
Sarantis Tsiaplias
Advanced Methods for Characterizing the Immersion Factor of Irradiance Sensors
Two new immersion factor methods are evaluated by comparing them with the so-called traditional (or incremental) method. For the first method, the optical measurements taken at discrete water depths are substituted by continuous profiles created ...
Stanford B. Hooker; Giuseppe Zibordi
Sequence analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation data for factors
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments allow the location of transcription factors to be determined across the genome. Subsequent analysis of the sequences of the identified regions allows binding to be localized ...
MacIsaac, Kenzie Daniel
A Computer Program for Calculating Tetroon Inflation-Factor Nomographs
A slow but steady increase in the use of tetroons for tracing atmospheric air trajectories has prompted the development of an automatic method for calculating accurate tetroon inflation factors to float tetroons at desired elevations. The ...
Walter H. Hoecker
Assessing phylogenetic motif models for predicting transcription factor binding sites
Motivation: A variety of algorithms have been developed to predict transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) within the genome by exploiting the evolutionary information implicit in multiple alignments of the genomes of related species. One such ...
John Hawkins; Charles Grant; William Stafford Noble; Timothy L. Bailey
R&D Activity Investments and Macroeconomic Determinant Factors.
?? Investments in R&D activities are essential to firms. Decisions to increase or decrease R&D investments may rely according to changes in macroeconomic factors. Theģ (more)
Gardell, Pierre
Atmospheric Turbidity Analyzed by Means of Standardized Linke's Turbidity Factor
The concept of standardized Linke's turbidity factor TLAM2 allows the conversion of the usual TL values, which exhibit virtual diurnal variations into new ones, which are strictly representative of the atmospheric turbidity caused by both water ...
J. C. Grenier; A. De La CasiniĶre; T. Cabot
Real-Time Sky-View Factor Calculation and Approximation
Previously, the acquisition of sky-view factor data for climate studies has been time consuming and dependent on postprocessing. However, advances in technology now mean that techniques using fish-eye imagery can be algorithmically processed in ...
L. Chapman; J. E. Thornes
A Parameterization of Broadband Conversion Factors for METEOSAT Visible Radiances
The conversion of radiances measured by the METEOSAT visible channel into broadband radiances can be performed as long as the appropriate conversion factors are known. A simple model allowing a spectral description of the optical properties of ...
J. Stum; B. Pinty; D. Ramond
Factors for the Simulation of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves
This study investigates the major factors for the realistic simulation of convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) models. CFS simulations employing ...
Kyong-Hwan Seo; Jin-Ho Choi; Sang-Dae Han
Low dose ionizing radiation induces tumor growth promoting factors in
ionizing radiation induces tumor growth promoting factors in ionizing radiation induces tumor growth promoting factors in stress-induced premature senescent fibroblasts David Boothman University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Abstract Recent evidence suggest that the causes of cancer development are not limited to mutations within cancer cells, but also involve in alterations of cancer microenvironment. Senescent cells are irreversibly growth arrested, but remain metabolically active. Senescent cells, especially senescent fibroblasts in the stroma may provide a beneficial environment for tumor growth through secretion of certain factors. Accumulation of senescent cells in the stroma of patients repeatedly exposed to low doses of IR or low dose rates of IR, could be an important factor, causing alteration of the microenvironment that ultimately benefits tumor
Limiting Factors for Convective Cloud Top Height in the Tropics
Limiting Factors for Convective Cloud Top Limiting Factors for Convective Cloud Top Height in the Tropics M. P. Jensen and A. D. Del Genio National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies Columbia University New York, New York Introduction Populations of tropical convective clouds are mainly comprised of three types: shallow trade cumulus, mid-level cumulus congestus and deep convective clouds (Johnson et al. 1999). Each of these cloud types has different impacts on the local radiation and water budgets. For climate model applications it is therefore important to understand the factors which determine the type of convective cloud that will occur. In this study, we concentrate on describing the factors that limit the cloud-top heights of mid-
Theory of ground state factorization in quantum cooperative systems
We introduce a general analytic approach to the study of factorization points and factorized ground states in quantum cooperative systems. The method allows to determine rigorously existence, location, and exact form of separable ground states in a large variety of, generally non-exactly solvable, spin models belonging to different universality classes. The theory applies to translationally invariant systems, irrespective of spatial dimensionality, and for spin-spin interactions of arbitrary range.
Factorizations of Cunningham numbers with bases 13 to 99
This Report updates the tables of factorizations of a^n +- 1 for 13 June 1992) and updated in CWI Report NM-R9419 (Update 1, September 1994) and CWI Report NM-R9609 (Update 2, March 1996). A total of 951 new entries in the tables are given here. The factorizations are now complete for n < 76, and there are no composite cofactors smaller than 10^102.
Brent, Richard P; Riele, Herman J J te
S. M. Giampaolo; G. Adesso; F. Illuminati
Human factors aspects of advanced instrumentation in the nuclear industry
An important consideration in regards to the use of advanced instrumentation in the nuclear industry is the interface between the instrumentation system and the human. A survey, oriented towards identifying the human factors aspects of digital instrumentation, was conducted at a number of United States (US) and Canadian nuclear vendors and utilities. Human factors issues, subsumed under the categories of computer-generated displays, controls, organizational support, training, and related topics were identified. 20 refs., 2 tabs.
Carter, R.J.
Charm and bottom hadronic form factors with QCD sum rules
We present a brief review of some calculations of form factors and coupling constants in vertices with charm and bottom mesons in the framework of QCD sum rules. We first discuss the motivation for this work, describing possible applications of these form factors to charm and bottom decays processes. We first make a summarize of the QCD sum rules method. We give special attention to the uncertainties of the method introducing by the intrinsic variation of the parameters. Finally we conclude.
Bracco, M. E. [Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rod. Presidente Dutra Km 298, Polo Industrial, 27537-000, Resende, RJ (Brazil); Rodrigues, B. O.; Cerqueira, A. Jr. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)
Bounds on Heavy-to-Heavy Baryonic Form Factors
Upper and lower bounds are established on the Lambda_b -> Lambda_c semileptonic decay form factors by utilizing inclusive heavy-quark-effective-theory sum rules. These bounds are calculated to leading order in Lambda_QCD/m_Q and alpha_s. The O(alpha_s^2 beta_0) corrections to the bounds at zero recoil are also presented. Several form factor models used in the literature are compared with our bounds.
A natural number N is hyperperfect if there exists an integer k such that N ?1 = k[?(N)? N ? 1], where ?(N) is the sum of the positive divisors of N. The classical perfect numbers are hyperperfect numbers corresponding to k = 1. In this paper we exhibit several hyperperfect numbers with five different prime factors and the first known hyperperfect number with six different prime factors. A natural number N is said to be hyperperfect if there exists an integer k such that N ? 1 = k[?(N) ? N ? 1], where ?(N) is the sum of the positive divisors of N. The ordinary perfect numbers, for which ?(N) = 2 Ę N, correspond to the case where k = 1. Hyperperfect numbers have been studied by Minoli [2], [3], [4], Bear [2], te Riele [6], [7], [8], McCranie, [1], and Nash [5]. Several examples have been found of hyperperfect numbers with two, three and four different prime factors and one such number with five different prime factors was discovered be te Riele [8]. In this paper we include some new hyperperfect numbers with five different prime factors and the first known example with six different prime factors as well. These numbers were
Mariano Garcia
November 2010CAPACITY FACTOR RISK AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
We develop a model of the dynamic structure of capacity factor risk. It incorporates the risk that the capacity factor may vary widely from year-to-year, and also the risk that the reactor may be permanently shutdown prior to the end of its anticipated useful life. We then fit the parameters of the model to the IAEAÆs PRIS dataset of historical capacity factors on reactors across the globe. The estimated capacity factor risk is greatest in the first year of operation. It then quickly declines over the next couple of years, after which it is approximately constant. Whether risk is constant or increasing in later years depends significantly on the probability of a premature permanent shutdown of the reactor. Because these should be very rare events, the probability is difficult to estimate reliably from the small historical sample of observations. Our base case is parameterized with a conservatively low probability of a premature permanent shutdown which yields the approximately constant variance. Our model, combined with the global historical dataset, also yields relatively low estimates for the expected level of the capacity factor through the life of the plant. Our base case estimate is approximately 74%. Focusing on alternative subsets of the data raises the estimated mean capacity factor marginally, but not significantly, unless the sample chosen is restricted to selected countries over select years. This emphasizes the need for judgment in exploiting the historical data to project future probabilities.
Yangbo Du; John E. Parsons; Yangbo Du; John E. Parsons
Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from
Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks Title Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2009 Authors Ban-Weiss, George, Melissa M. Lunden, Thomas W. Kirchstetter, and Robert A. Harley Journal Environmental Science and Technology Abstract Emission factors for black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN) were measured from 226 individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel-fueled trucks driving through a 1 km-long California highway tunnel in August 2006. Emission factors were based on concurrent increases in BC, PN, and COB2B concentrations (measured at 1 Hz) that corresponded to the passage of individual HD trucks. The distributions of BC and PN emission factors from individual HD trucks are skewed, meaning that a large fraction of pollution comes from a small fraction of the in-use vehicle fleet. The highest-emitting 10% of trucks were
We investigate the existence and the properties of fully separable (fully factorized) ground states in quantum spin systems. Exploiting techniques of quantum information and entanglement theory we extend a recently introduced method and construct a general, self-contained theory of ground state factorization in frustration free quantum spin models defined on lattices in any spatial dimension and for interactions of arbitrary range. We show that, quite generally, non exactly solvable translationally invariant models in presence of an external uniform magnetic field can admit exact, fully factorized ground state solutions. Unentangled ground states occur at finite values of the Hamiltonian parameters satisfying well defined balancing conditions between the applied field and the interaction strengths. These conditions are analytically determined together with the type of magnetic orderings compatible with factorization and the corresponding values of the fundamental observables such as energy and magnetization. The method is applied to a series of examples of increasing complexity, including translationally-invariant models with short, long, and infinite ranges of interaction, as well as systems with spatial anisotropies, in low and higher dimensions. We also illustrate how the general method, besides yielding a large series of novel exact results for complex models in any dimension, recovers, as particular cases, the results previously achieved on simple models in low dimensions exploiting direct methods based on factorized mean-field ansatz.
Human factors evaluation of teletherapy: Literature review. Volume 5
A series of human factors evaluations were undertaken to better understand the contributing factors to human error in the teletherapy environment. Teletherapy is a multidisciplinary methodology for treating cancerous tissue through selective exposure to an external beam of ionizing radiation. A team of human factors specialists, assisted by a panel of radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists, conducted site visits to radiation oncology departments at community hospitals, university centers, and free-standing clinics. A function and task analysis was performed initially to guide subsequent evaluations in the areas of workplace environment, system-user interfaces, procedures, training, and organizational practices. To further acquire an in-depth and up-to-date understanding of the practice of teletherapy in support of these evaluations, a systematic literature review was conducted. Factors that have a potential impact on the accuracy of treatment delivery were of primary concern. The present volume is the literature review. The volume starts with an overview of the multiphased nature of teletherapy, and then examines the requirement for precision, the increasing role of quality assurance, current conceptualizations of human error, and the role of system factors such as the workplace environment, user-system interfaces, procedures, training, and organizational practices.
Henriksen, K.; Kaye, R.D.; Jones, R. [Hughes Training, Inc., Falls Church, VA (United States); Morisseau, D.S.; Serig, D.L. [Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC (United States). Div. of Systems Technology
Development of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Ukraine | Open
Ukraine Ukraine Jump to: navigation, search Name Development of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Ukraine Agency/Company /Organization European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Sector Energy Topics GHG inventory, Policies/deployment programs, Co-benefits assessment, Pathways analysis Resource Type Publications Website http://www.lahmeyer.de/fileadm Country Ukraine UN Region Eastern Europe References Development of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Ukraine[1] "The study project "Development of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factors for Ukraine" was assigned by the European Bank for Development and Reconstruction (EBRD) to the consultant Lahmeyer International with Perspective as subcontractor on 16 July 2009. It is a baseline study with the overall goal to calculate reliable carbon
Wind turbine cost of electricity and capacity factor
Wind turbines are currently designed to minimize the cost of electricity at the wind turbine (the busbar cost) in a given wind regime, ignoring constraints on the capacity factor (the ratio of the average power output to the maximum power output). The trade-off between these two quantities can be examined in a straightforward fashion; it is found that the capacity factor can be increased by a factor of 30 percent above its value at the cost minimum for a ten percent increase in the busbar cost of electricity. This has important implications for the large-scale integration of wind electricity on utility grids where the cost of transmission may be a significant fraction of the cost of delivered electricity, or where transmission line capacity may be limited.
Cavallo, A.J. [Cavallo (A.J.), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook - Appendix: Literature Review Database
Wildlife Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook Appendix: Literature Review Database Volume II of II United States Office of Research EPA/600/R-93/187 Environmental Protection and Development December 1993 Agency (8603) Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook Appendix: Literature Review Database Volume II of II EPA/600/R-93/187 December 1993 WILDLIFE EXPOSURE FACTORS HANDBOOK APPENDIX: LITERATURE REVIEW DATABASE Volume II of II Office of Health and Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 Additional major funding for this Handbook was provided by the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and by the Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Property:Geothermal/LoadFactor | Open Energy Information
LoadFactor LoadFactor Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Number. Pages using the property "Geothermal/LoadFactor" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) 4 4 UR Guest Ranch Pool & Spa Low Temperature Geothermal Facility + 0.76 + A Ace Development Aquaculture Low Temperature Geothermal Facility + 0.8 + Agua Calientes Trailer Park Space Heating Low Temperature Geothermal Facility + 0.29 + Alive Polarity's Murrietta Hot Spring Pool & Spa Low Temperature Geothermal Facility + 0.8 + Americulture Aquaculture Low Temperature Geothermal Facility + 0.81 + Aq Dryers Agricultural Drying Low Temperature Geothermal Facility + 0.25 + Aqua Caliente County Park Pool & Spa Low Temperature Geothermal Facility + 0.68 +
Indoor Residential Chemical Emissions as Risk Factors for Children's
Indoor Residential Chemical Emissions as Risk Factors for Children's Indoor Residential Chemical Emissions as Risk Factors for Children's Respiratory Health Speaker(s): Mark Mendell Date: February 23, 2007 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Most research into the effects of residential indoor air exposures on asthma and allergies has focused on exposures to biologic allergens, moisture and mold, endotoxin, or combustion byproducts. A growing body of research suggests that chemical emissions from common indoor materials and finishes have adverse effects, including increased risk of asthma, allergies, and pulmonary infections. The identified risk factors include specific organic compounds such as formaldehyde, benzene, and phthalates, as well as indoor materials or finishes such as vinyl flooring, carpet, paint, and plastics. This presentation presents a brief review of studies
Assess Site Factors That Affect Employee Commuting Options for Greenhouse
Assess Site Factors That Affect Employee Commuting Options for Assess Site Factors That Affect Employee Commuting Options for Greenhouse Gas Profile Assess Site Factors That Affect Employee Commuting Options for Greenhouse Gas Profile October 7, 2013 - 1:52pm Addthis YOU ARE HERE: Step 2 After establishing an employee commuting behavior baseline for evaluating a greenhouse gas (GHG) profile, analyze the specific characteristics of the agency's major worksites to help determine which alternative commute methods and work arrangements are viable and what types of strategies may be most effective for promoting those alternatives. It is recommended that worksite-level data collection focus on worksites with the: Largest number of employees, or clusters of worksites with large employee populations in an area with diverse commuting infrastructure
Decentralized Rural Electrification: the Critical Success Factors | Open
Decentralized Rural Electrification: the Critical Success Factors Decentralized Rural Electrification: the Critical Success Factors Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Decentralized Rural Electrification: the Critical Success Factors Agency/Company /Organization: Ray Holland, Lahiru Perera, Teodoro Sanchez, Dr Rona Wilkinson Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy Phase: Create a Vision Topics: - Energy Access Resource Type: Publications User Interface: Website Website: cdn1.practicalaction.org/r/u/4d927f75-6660-426f-941e-13a02e33baf9.pdf? Cost: Free Language: English This review of recent practice draws on ITDG's twenty years experience of supporting off-grid solutions in Sri Lanka, Nepal, Zimbabwe and Peru in particular, and on work by other organisations in other countries, such as Indonesia, Kenya, Vietnam, South Africa.
Frustration, entanglement, and factorization in quantum spin systems
We investigate the separability properties of quantum ground states in frustrated spin systems. We prove that the existence of fully factorized ground states is compatible with increasing degrees of frustration up to a critical threshold above which only entangled ground states are permitted. The separability threshold identifies a frustration-driven transition between classical-like and entanglement-dominated regimes. We determine the critical degree of frustration and the form of the exact factorized ground-state solutions in various classes of non exactly solvable frustrated quantum spin models with finite-range as well as infinite-range interactions.
Giampaolo, Salvatore M; Illuminati, Fabrizio
Performance analysis of parallel supernodal sparse LU factorization
We investigate performance characteristics for the LU factorization of large matrices with various sparsity patterns. We consider supernodal right-looking parallel factorization on a bi-dimensional grid of processors, making use of static pivoting. We develop a performance model and we validate it using the implementation in SuperLU-DIST, the real matrices and the IBM Power3 machine at NERSC. We use this model to obtain performance bounds on parallel computers, to perform scalability analysis and to identify performance bottlenecks. We also discuss the role of load balance and data distribution in this approach.
Grigori, Laura; Li, Xiaoye S.
Mechanism Based Anticancer Drugs that Degrade Sp Transcription Factors
Curcumin is the active component of tumeric, and this polyphenolic compound has been extensively investigated as an anticancer drug that modulates multiple pathways and genes. We demonstrated that curcumin inhibited 253JB-V and KU7 bladder cancer cell growth, and this was accompanied by induction of apoptosis and decreased expression of the proapoptotic protein survivin and the angiogenic proteins vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1). Since expression of survivin, VEGF and VEGFR1 are dependent on specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors, we also investigated the effects of curcumin on downregulation of Sp protein expression as an underlying mechanism for the apoptotic and antiangiogenic activity of this compound. Curcumin decreases expression of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in blader cancer cells indicating that the cancer chemotherapeutic activity of curcumin is due, in part, to decreased expression of Sp transcription factors and Sp-dependent genes. Betulinic acid (BA) and curcumin are phytochemical anticancer agents, and we hypothesized that both compounds decrease EGFR expression in bladder cancer through downregulation of specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors. BA and curcumin decreased expression of EGFR, Sp1, Sp3, Sp4 and Sp-dependent proteins in 253JB-V and KU7 cells; EGFR was also decreased in cells transfected with a cocktail (iSp) containing small inhibitory RNAs for Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 showing that EGFR is an Sp-regulated gene. Methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18?-olean-1,12- dien-30-oate (CDODA-Me) is a synthetic triterpenoid derived from glycyrrhetinic acid which inhibits proliferation of KU7 and 253JB-V bladder cancer cells. CDODA-Me also decreased expression of specificity protein-1 (Sp1), Sp3 and Sp4 transcription factors. Similar results were observed for a structurally-related triterpenoid, methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me), which is currently in clinical trials for treatment of leukemia. Celastrol, a naturally occurring triterpenoid acid from an ivy-like vine exhibits anticancer activity against bladder cancer cells. Celastrol decreased cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and decreased expression of specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 and several Sp-dependent genes like Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). In vivo studies using KU7 cells as xenografts showed that celastrol represents novel class of anticancer drugs that acts, in part, through targeting downregulation of Sp transcription factors.
Chadalapaka, Gayathri
Solar Correction Factors of Building Envelope in Tebei
Tebei has very rich solar energy in China and needs heating in winter,but the present energy building design code has no solar correction factor for the overall heat transfer coefficient of building envelope for Tebei. Based on the typical year weather data, this paper compares the solar energy of a typical city, Lassa, in Tebei with that of another city that has the same degree-days of heating period, calculates the heating energy for the building, and proposes the solar correction factors for an overall heat transfer coefficient of building envelope in Tebei.
Wang, D.; Tang, M.
Portfolio Manager Technical Reference: Thermal Conversion Factors | ENERGY
Thermal Conversion Factors Thermal Conversion Factors Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources Success stories Target Finder
Factorization law for two lower bounds of concurrence
We study the dynamics of two lower bounds of concurrence in bipartite quantum systems when one party goes through an arbitrary channel. We show that these lower bounds obey the factorization law similar to that of [Konrad et al., Nat. Phys. 4, 99 (2008)]. We also discuss the application of this property in an example.
Mirafzali, Sayyed Yahya; Sargolzahi, Iman; Ahanj, Ali; Javidan, Kurosh; Sarbishaei, Mohsen [Department of Physics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Khayyam Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran and School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Science (IPM), P. O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Department of Physics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Predictive discrete latent factor models for large scale dyadic data
We propose a novel statistical method to predict large scale dyadic response variables in the presence of covariate information. Our approach simultaneously incorporates the effect of covariates and estimates local structure that is induced by interactions ... Keywords: co-clustering, dyadic data, generalized linear regression, latent factor modeling
Deepak Agarwal; Srujana Merugu
The orientation of buildings: a catalogue of the conditioning factors
The livability and comfort of a house is determined by the relation of the house to the family and the house to the site. In consideration of livability and comfort the Architect designs with space, mechanical equipment and building materials as his tools. If there are influences that affect the orientation of these tools, then mastering the conditioning factors of the influences is as important as the ability to integrate mechanical equipment and building materials into space. When the space of the interior and the space of the exterior are a compliment to each other, each contributing to the livability and comfort of the building, then the orientation of the building is complete. The dissimilarity of people yields dissimilarity in buildings; it is this constant variation in buildings plus the constant variation in building sites that requires each orientation problem/\\be considered separately. Since orientation is the relation of the building to the points of the compass, then any factor that influences the relation is an orientation factor. The primary factors, because they are the most obvious and desirable, are Sun, Wind, and View; but the Architect must consider all for complete orientation.
Moseley, Hal Millard
Fast structure learning in generalized stochastic processes with latent factors
Understanding and quantifying the impact of unobserved processes is one of the major challenges of analyzing multivariate time series data. In this paper, we analyze a flexible stochastic process model, the generalized linear auto-regressive process ... Keywords: generalized linear models, latent factors, time series analysis
Mohammad Taha Bahadori, Yan Liu, Eric P. Xing
Extracting Key Factors to Design Applications in Ambient Intelligence Environment
In an ambient intelligence environment, the design of applications influences the users behavior heavily. The purpose of this paper is to provide key factors considered necessary in developing those applications. We developed four applications applied ... Keywords: ambient feedback, persuasive technology, behavior modification, emotional engagement
Hiroaki Kimura; Tatsuo Nakajima
Motivational factors in educational MMORPGs: some implications for education
Studies have shown that motivation is an important factor positively related to learning outcomes. Thus, educators have tried to combine digital games with teaching materials to motivate students participating in learning activities for the past two ... Keywords: MMORPG, educational MMORPG, motivation
Kuo-Hsun Hung; Charles Kinzer; Cheng-Ling Alice Chen
Geometry of Interaction V: Logic in the hyperfinite factor
Geometry of Interaction is a transcendental syntax developed in the framework of operator algebras. This fifth installment of the program takes place inside a von Neumann algebra, the hyperfinite factor. It provides a built-in interpretation of cut-elimination ... Keywords: Complexity theory, Light logics, Linear logic, Operator algebras, Proof-theory
Jean-Yves Girard
Gust Factors and Turbulence Intensities for the Tropical Cyclone Environment
Gust factors are used to convert peak wind speeds averaged over a relatively short period (e.g., 3 s) to mean wind speeds averaged over a relatively long reference period (e.g., 1 h) or vice versa. Such conversions are needed for engineering, ...
Bo Yu; Arindam Gan Chowdhury
Online idea contests: identifying factors for user retention
Current literature about idea contests has emphasized individuals' motives for joining volunteer idea contests. However, explanation of why people stay or leave in the long run is rare. We identify factors that motivate users to participate repeatedly ... Keywords: motivation, multiple idea contests, open innovation, user retention
Stefan Richter, Stefan Perkmann Berger, Giordano Koch, Johann F³ller
Enhancing the Thermoelectric Power Factor by Using Invisible Dopants
Nanoparticle dopants that are invisible to conduction electrons and have sharp dips in their electron scattering rate versus electron energy close to the Fermi level. Replacement of such dopants with traditional impurities results in simultaneous enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient and the electron mobility and therefore a large enhancement in the thermoelectric power factor can be achieved.
Zebarjadi, Mona; Liao, B L; Esfarjani, Keivan; Dresselhaus, M S; Chen, Gang
Heavy Hadron Form Factor Relations for $m_c\
First order power corrections to current matrix elements between heavy meson or $\\Lambda_\\Q$ baryon states are shown to vanish at the zero recoil point to all orders in QCD. Five relations among the six form factors that parametrize the semileptonic decay $\\Lambda_b \\to \\Lambda_c e \\overline{\
Peter Cho; Benjamin Grinstein
Time and Energy Efficient Matrix Factorization using FPGAs
/O bandwidth independent of the problem size. High level models for energy profiling are built and the energyTime and Energy Efficient Matrix Factorization using FPGAs Seonil Choi and Viktor K. Prasanna Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA {seonilch, prasanna
Hwang, Kai
. REFRIGERATION OF FISH - PART THREE FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE FREEZING AND COLD STORAGE OF FISHERY PRODUCTS Storage Design and Refr igeration Equipment Fishery Leaflet 428 - Handling Fresh Fish Fishery Leaflet 430 of Commercial Fisheries, ashington, D. ., and edite by Joseph ',:. Slavin, Refrigeration Engineer, Fi shery
Two-photon exchange corrections to the pion form factor
We compute two-photon exchange corrections to the electromagnetic form factor of the pion, taking into account the finite size of the pion. Compared to the soft-photon approximation for the infrared-divergent contribution, which neglects hadron structure effects, the corrections are found to be or approx.1 GeV{sup 2} at extreme backward angles.
Blunden, P. G. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 (Canada); Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, Virginia 23606 (United States); Melnitchouk, W. [Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, Virginia 23606 (United States); Tjon, J. A. [Physics Department, University of Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht (Netherlands)
Measurement of Gamma Knife registered helmet factors using MOSFETs
The relative dose rate for the different Gamma Knife registered helmets (4, 8, 14, and 18 mm) is characterized by their respective helmet factors. Since the plateau of the dose profile for the 4 mm helmet is at most 1 mm wide, detector choices are limited. Traditionally helmet factors have been measured using 1x1x1 mm{sup 3} thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). However, these are time-consuming, cumbersome measurements. This article investigates the use of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) (active area of 0.2x0.2 mm{sup 2}) as a more accurate and convenient dosimeter. Their suitability for these measurements was confirmed by basic characterization measurements. Helmet factors were measured using both MOSFETs and the established TLD approach. A custom MOSFET cassette was designed in analogy to the Elekta TLD cassette (Elekta Instruments AB) for use with the Elekta dosimetry sphere. Although both dosimeters provided values within 3% of the manufacturer's suggestion, MOSFETs provided superior accuracy and precision, in a fraction of the time required for the TLD measurements. Thus, MOSFETs proved to be a reasonable alternative to TLDs for performing helmet factor measurements.
Kurjewicz, Laryssa; Berndt, Anita [Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9 (Canada); Division of Medical Physics, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9 (Canada); Winnipeg Centre for Gamma Knife Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg MB R3E 0V9 (Canada); Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3E 0V9 (Canada) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3E 0V9 (Canada)
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Over the last year or so, we have been blessed with the challenge, the opportunity, and the distinct pleasure of organizing the CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, the premier international conference for the field of human-computer ...
Desney Tan; Bo Begole; Wendy A. Kellogg
Dynamic load balancing with adaptive factoring methods in scientific applications
To improve the performance of scientific applications with parallel loops, dynamic loop scheduling methods have been proposed. Such methods address performance degradations due to load imbalance caused by predictable phenomena like nonuniform data distribution ... Keywords: Adaptive weighted factoring, Dynamic load balancing
Ricolindo L. Cari±o; Ioana Banicescu
Total factor productivity growth in Uganda's telecommunications industry
The telecommunication sector is usually thought to be characterized by high productivity growth rates arising from increasing returns to scale. The actual productivity patterns in the sector, however, need to be empirically determined. A panel data set ... Keywords: Data envelopment analysis, Malmquist, Telecommunications, Total factor productivity
Eria Hisali; Bruno Yawe
systems, Research, Traffic engineering, Crash Reduction Factors 18. Distribution Statement Copies.454 kilograms kg TEMPERATURE (exact) T short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 megagrams Mg ┬░C Celsius temperature 1.8 + 32................................................................18 3.1.6 Add two-way left-turn lane
Bertini, Robert L.
Factors that Impact Implementing a System Development Methodology
Abstract┐This paper presents the findings of empirical research from 61 companies, mostly from the United States, to identify the factors that may impact implementation of a system development methodology (SDM). The study uses a survey instrument to ... Keywords: Systems development methodology, analysis and design, project management, life cycle, managers, implementation.
Tom L. Roberts, Jr.; Michael L. Gibson; Kent T. Fields; R. Kelly Rainer, Jr.
Deletion discussions in Wikipedia: decision factors and outcomes
Deletion of articles is a common process in Wikipedia, in order to ensure the overall quality of the encyclopedia. Yet, there is a need to better understand the procedures in order to promote the best decisions without unnecessary community work. In ... Keywords: Wikipedia, articles for deletion, collaboration and conflict, decision-making, factors analysis, novices, online argumentation, values
Jodi Schneider; Alexandre Passant; Stefan Decker
Electronic and Nuclear Factors in Charge and Excitation Transfer
We report the and/or state of several subprojects of our DOE sponsored research on Electronic and Nuclear Factors in Electron and Excitation Transfer: (1) Construction of an ultrafast Ti:sapphire amplifier. (2) Mediation of electronic interactions in host-guest molecules. (3) Theoretical models of electrolytes in weakly polar media. (4) Symmetry effects in intramolecular excitation transfer.
Piotr Piotrowiak
Key website factors in e-business strategy
The design of a quality website, as part of e-business strategy, has become a key element for success in the online market. This article analyzes the main factors that must be taken into account when designing a commercial website, concentrating on the ... Keywords: Accessibility, Content, Navigability, Speed, Web Assessment Index (WAI), Website
Blanca HernßNdez; Julio JimķNez; M. Josķ MartĒN
Forward osmosis for desalination and water treatment : a study of the factors influencing process performance.
??This thesis explores various factors that have significant impacts on FO process performance in desalination and water treatment. These factors mainly include working temperatures, solutionģ (more)
Zhao, Shuaifei
Energy Factors, Leasing Structure and the Market Price of Office Buildings in the U.S.
local-level wholesale energy market price dynamics and localare included. Energy factor market prices, the shape of theare included. Energy factor market prices, the shape of the
Jaffee, Dwight M.; Stanton, Richard; Wallace, Nancy E.
Jaffee, Dwight; Stanton, Richard; Wallace, Nancy
NIST X-Ray Form Factor, Atten Scatt. Tables, Sec. 2
... 2. Form Factors and Standard Definitions. ... form factor (f 0 +f?), of magnitude f NT = -Z 2 m/M, with small (negligible) energy and momentum ...
Determining size-specific emission factors for environmental tobacco smoke
Determining size-specific emission factors for environmental tobacco smoke Determining size-specific emission factors for environmental tobacco smoke particles Title Determining size-specific emission factors for environmental tobacco smoke particles Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2003 Authors Klepeis, Neil E., Michael G. Apte, Lara A. Gundel, Richard G. Sextro, and William W. Nazaroff Journal Aerosol Science & Technology Volume 37 Start Page Chapter Pagination 780-790 Date Published October 2003 Abstract Because size is a major controlling factor for indoor airborne particle behavior, human particle exposure assessments will benefit from improved knowledge of size-specific particle emissions. We report a method of inferring size-specific mass emission factors for indoor sources that makes use of an indoor aerosol dynamics model, measured particle concentration time series data, and an optimization routine. This approach provides -- in addition to estimates of the emissions size distribution and integrated emission factors -- estimates of deposition rate, an enhanced understanding of particle dynamics, and information about model performance. We applied the method to size-specific environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) particle concentrations measured every minute with an 8-channel optical particle counter (PMS-LASAIR; 0.1-2+ micrometer diameters) and every 10 or 30 min with a 34-channel differential mobility particle sizer (TSI-DMPS; 0.01-1+ micrometer diameters) after a single cigarette or cigar was machine-smoked inside a low air-exchange rate 20m^3 chamber. The aerosol dynamics model provided good fits to observed concentrations when using optimized values of mass emission rate and deposition rate for each particle size range as input. Small discrepancies observed in the first 1-2 hours after smoking are likely due to the effect of particle evaporation, a process neglected by the model. Size-specific ETS particle emission factors were fit with log-normal distributions, yielding an average mass median diameter of 0.2 micrometers and an average geometric standard deviation of 2.3 with no systematic differences between cigars and cigarettes. The equivalent total particle emission rate, obtained by integrating each size distribution, was 0.2-0.7 mg/min for cigars and 0.7-0.9 mg/min for cigarettes
Northeast Regional Cancer Institute's Cancer Surveillance and Risk Factor Program
OBJECTIVES The Northeast Regional Cancer Institute is conducting a program of ongoing epidemiologic research to address cancer disparities in northeast Pennsylvania. Of particular concern are disparities in the incidence of, stage at diagnosis, and mortality from colorectal cancer. In northeast Pennsylvania, age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates for colorectal cancer are higher, and a significantly smaller proportion of new colorectal cancer cases are diagnosed with local stage disease than is observed in comparable national data. Further, estimates of the prevalence of colorectal cancer screening in northeast Pennsylvania are lower than the US average. The Northeast Regional Cancer InstituteÆs research program supports surveillance of common cancers, investigations of cancer risk factors and screening behaviors, and the development of resources to further cancer research in this community. This project has the following specific objectives: I. To conduct cancer surveillance in northeast Pennsylvania. a. To monitor incidence and mortality for all common cancers, and colorectal cancer, in particular, and b. To document changes in the stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in this high-risk, underserved community. II. To conduct a population-based study of cancer risk factors and screening behavior in a six county region of northeast Pennsylvania. a. To monitor and document changes in colorectal cancer screening rates, and b. To document the prevalence of cancer risk factors (especially factors that increase the risk of colorectal cancer) and to identify those risk factors that are unusually common in this community. APPROACH Cancer surveillance was conducted using data from the Northeast Regional Cancer InstituteÆs population-based Regional Cancer Registry, the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry, and NCIÆs SEER program. For common cancers, incidence and mortality were examined by county within the region and compared to data for similar populations in the US. For colorectal cancer, the stage at diagnosis of cases diagnosed in northeast Pennsylvania was compared to data from prior years. A population-based interview study of healthy adults was conducted to document the status of cancer screening and to estimate the prevalence of established cancer risk factors in this community. This study is similar in design to that used by the Centers for Disease Control and PreventionÆs (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This program includes two distinct but related projects. The first project uses existing data to conduct cancer surveillance in northeast Pennsylvania, and the second is a population-based study of cancer risk factors and cancer screening behaviors in this same population. HUMAN SUBJECTS CONSIDERATIONS This program includes two projects: cancer surveillance and a population-based study of cancer risk factors and screening behavior. The cancer surveillance project involves only the use of existing aggregate data or de-identified data. As such, the surveillance project is exempt from human subjects considerations. The study of cancer risk factors and screening behaviors includes data from a random sample of adult residents of northeast Pennsylvania who are 18 or more years of age. All races, ethnicities and both sexes are included in proportion to their representation in the population. Subjects are interviewed anonymously by telephone; those who are unable to complete an interview in English are ineligible. This project has been reviewed and approved by the Scranton-Temple Residency Program IRB (IRB00001355), which is the IRB for the Northeast Regional Cancer Institute.
Lesko, Samuel M.
Deriving the shape factor of a fractured rock matrix
Fluid flow from a fractured rock matrix was investigated for accurately predicting oil recovery from fractured reservoirs. To relate the oil rate with rock geometry and average rock matrix pressure, a shape factor is used in the mathematical model of fractured reservoirs. The shape factor in the transfer function was derived by solving the three-dimensional diffusivity equation of a rock matrix block under unsteady-state production, in contrast to the quasi-steady-state condition assumed by most previous studies denoted in the literature. The diffusivity equation in the x, y, and z coordinate was solved in four cases by assuming different boundary conditions of (1) constant fracture pressure; (2) constant flow rate; (3) constant fracture pressure followed by linearly declining fracture pressure; and (4) linearly declining fracture pressure followed by constant fracture pressure. Shape factor values are high at the initial depletion stage under an unsteady-state condition. When the fracture pressure is constant, the shape factor converges to {pi}{sup 2}/L{sup 2}, 2{pi}{sup 2}/L{sup 2}, and 3{pi}{sup 2}/L{sup 2} for one-, two-, and three-dimensional rock matrix, respectively, at the dimensionless time ({tau}) of about 0.1. When the flow rate between the rock matrix and the fracture is constant, the fracture pressure varies with location on the rock surface. Based on the average fracture pressure, the shape factor decreases with production time until a {tau} value of 0.1 is reached. The boundary conditions of constant fracture pressure followed by a constant decline in fracture pressure are equivalent to the condition of a constant fracture pressure followed by a period of constant flow rate.
Chang, Ming-Ming
Step Complexity Measure for Emergency Operating Procedures - Determining Weighting Factors
In complex systems, such as nuclear power plants (NPPs) or airplane control systems, human error has been regarded as the primary cause of many events. Therefore, to ensure system safety, extensive effort has been made to identify the significant factors that can cause human error. According to related studies, written manuals or operating procedures are revealed as one of the important factors, and the understandability is pointed out as one of the major reasons for procedure-related human errors.Many qualitative checklists have been suggested to evaluate emergency operating procedures (EOPs) of NPPs so as to minimize procedure-related human errors. However, since qualitative evaluations using checklists have some drawbacks, a quantitative measure that can quantify the complexity of EOPs is indispensable.From this necessity, Park et al. suggested the step complexity (SC) measure to quantify the complexity of procedural steps included in EOPs. To verify the appropriateness of the SC measure, averaged step performance time data obtained from emergency training records of the loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) and the excess steam demand event were compared with estimated SC scores. However, although averaged step performance time data and estimated SC scores show meaningful correlation, some important issues such as determining proper weighting factors have to be clarified to ensure the appropriateness of the SC measure. These were not properly dealt with due to a lack of backup data.In this paper, to resolve one of the important issues, emergency training records are additionally collected and analyzed in order to determine proper weighting factors. The total number of collected records is 66, and the training scenarios cover five emergency conditions including the LOCA, the steam generator tube rupture, the loss of all feedwater, the loss of off-site power, and the station blackout. From these records, average step performance time data are retrieved, and new weighting factors are determined by using a nonlinear regression analysis. The results show that the SC scores quantified by the new weighting factors show statistically meaningful correlation with averaged step performance time data. Thus, it can be concluded that the SC measure can represent the complexity of procedural steps included in EOPs.
Park, Jinkyun; Jung, Wondea; Kim, Jaewhan; Ha, Jaejoo [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Korea, Republic of)
Low Dose Radiation Research Program: Genetic Factors Affecting
Genetic Factors Affecting Susceptibility to Low-Doses of Ionizing Genetic Factors Affecting Susceptibility to Low-Doses of Ionizing Radiation. Authors: William F. Morgan, Pat Concannon & John H.J. Petrini The goal of this program is to test the hypothesis that mice heterozygous for the NBS1 gene are genetically susceptible to low doses of ionizing radiation. Patients with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) are radiation sensitive, because of defects in cellular responses to radiation induced genetic damage. It is unclear whether humans heterozygous for the mutations associated with NBS are radiation sensitive and results from cell culture experiments give conflicting results. In collaboration with John Petrini at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City we developed a mouse model of this disorder and are directly testing the hypothesis
In the United States, there has been substantial recent growth in wind energy generating capacity, with growth averaging 24 percent annually during the past five years. About 1,700 MW of wind energy capacity was installed in 2001, while another 410 MW became operational in 2002. This year (2003) shows promise of significant growth with more than 1,500 MW planned. With this growth, an increasing number of states are experiencing investment in wind energy projects. Wind installations currently exist in about half of all U.S. states. This paper explores the key factors at play in the states that have achieved a substantial amount of wind energy investment. Some of the factors that are examined include policy drivers, such as renewable portfolio standards (RPS), federal and state financial incentives, and integrated resource planning; as well as market drivers, such as consumer demand for green power, natural gas price volatility, and wholesale market rules.
Probing Quantum Frustrated Systems via Factorization of the Ground State
The existence of definite orders in frustrated quantum systems is related rigorously to the occurrence of fully factorized ground states below a threshold value of the frustration. Ground-state separability thus provides a natural measure of frustration: strongly frustrated systems are those that cannot accommodate for classical-like solutions. The exact form of the factorized ground states and the critical frustration are determined for various classes of nonexactly solvable spin models with different spatial ranges of the interactions. For weak frustration, the existence of disentangling transitions determines the range of applicability of mean-field descriptions in biological and physical problems such as stochastic gene expression and the stability of long-period modulated structures.
Salvatore M. Giampaolo; Gerardo Adesso; Fabrizio Illuminati
Greenhouse window U-factors under field conditions
Field measurements of U-factor are reported for two projecting greenhouse windows, each paired with a picture window of comparable insulation level during testing. A well-known calorimetric field test facility was used to make the measurements. The time-varying U-factors obtained are related to measurements of exterior conditions. For one of the greenhouse windows, which was the subject of a published laboratory hotbox test and simulation study, the results are compared with published test and simulation data and found to be in disagreement. Data on interior and exterior film coefficients are presented, and it is shown that the greenhouse window has a significantly lower interior film coefficient than a conventional window under the same interior conditions. This is advanced as a possible explanation of the disagreement.
Klems, J.H.
Revisiting $K?$ puzzle in the pQCD factorization approach
In this paper, we calculated the branching ratios and direct CP violation of the four $B\\to K\\pi$ decays with the inclusion of all currently known next-to-leading order (NLO) contributions by employing the perturbative QCD (pQCD) factorization approach. We found that (a) Besides the 10% enhancement from the NLO vertex corrections, the quark-loops and magnetic penguins, the NLO contributions to the form factors can provide an additional $\\sim 15%$ enhancement to the branching ratios, and lead to a very good agreement with the data; (b) The NLO pQCD predictions are $\\acp^{dir}(B^0\\to K^+\\pi^-)=(-6.5\\pm 3.1)%$ and $\\acp^{dir}(B^+\\to K^+ \\pi^0)=(2.2\\pm 2.0)%$, become well consistent with the data due to the inclusion of the NLO contributions.
Wei Bai; Min Liu; Ying-Ying Fan; Wen-Fei Wang; Shan Cheng; Zhen-Jun Xiao
Friction Factor Measurements in an Equally Spaced Triangular Tube Array
Friction factor data for adiabatic cross-flow of water in a staggered tube array was obtained over a Reynolds number range (based on hydraulic diameter and gap velocity) of about 10,000 to 250,000. The tubes were 12.7mm (0.5 inch) outer diameter, in a uniformly spaced triangular arrangement with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.5. The friction factor was compared to several literature correlations, and was found to be best matched by the Idelchik correlation. Other correlations were found to vary significantly from the test data. Based on the test data, a new correlation is proposed for this tube bundle geometry which covers the entire Reynolds number range tested.
Vassallo P, Symolon P
Measurement of the gamma gamma* -> pi0 transition form factor
We study the reaction e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}{pi}{sup 0} in the single tag mode and measure the differential cross section d{sigma}/dQ{sup 2} and the {gamma}{gamma}* {yields} {pi}{sup 0} transition form factor in the mometum transfer range from 4 to 40 GeV{sup 2}. At Q{sup 2} > 10 GeV{sup 2} the measured form factor exceeds the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative QCD. The analysis is based on 442 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity collected at PEP-II with the BABAR detector at e{sup +}e{sup -} center-of-mass energies near 10.6 GeV.
Aubert, B.
Geological and Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Mercury Speciation in Mine
Geological and Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Mercury Speciation Geological and Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Mercury Speciation in Mine Wastes Christopher S. Kim,1 James J. Rytuba,2 Gordon E. Brown, Jr.3 1Department of Physical Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866 2U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 3Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Introduction Figure 1. Dr. Christopher Kim collects a mine waste sample from the Oat Hill mercury mine in Northern California. The majority of mercury mine wastes at these sites are present as loose, unconsolidated piles, facilitating the transport of mercury-bearing material downstream into local watersheds. Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring element that poses considerable health risks to humans, primarily through the consumption of fish which
Legal factors affecting the financing of small scale hydroelectric projects
An introduction to the major business organizational options open to small-scale hydroelectric (SSH) projects is given. The major federal income tax treatments of these options are compared. Significant general federal income tax factors affecting SSH projects are reintroduced and explained. Some of the special federal income tax problem areas in SSH development are isolated. Tax benefit flow through or transfer mechanisms are discussed. Tax exempt financing opportunities for private SSH projects are reviewed. (MHR)
Wilson, W.H.; Ringo, M.J.; Forgione, N.
Method for factor analysis of GC/MS data
The method of the present invention provides a fast, robust, and automated multivariate statistical analysis of gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) data sets. The method can involve systematic elimination of undesired, saturated peak masses to yield data that follow a linear, additive model. The cleaned data can then be subjected to a combination of PCA and orthogonal factor rotation followed by refinement with MCR-ALS to yield highly interpretable results.
Van Benthem, Mark H; Kotula, Paul G; Keenan, Michael R
Bounds on Heavy-to-Heavy Weak Decay Form Factors
We provide upper and lower bounds on the semileptonic weak decay form factors for $B \\to D^(*)$ and $\\Lambda_b \\to \\Lambda_c$ decays by utilizing inclusive heavy quark effective theory sum rules. These bounds are calculated to second order in $\\Lambda_{QCD}/m_Q$ and first order in $\\alpha_s$. The $O(\\alpha_s^2 \\beta_0)$ corrections to the bounds at zero recoil are also presented.
Simulation: Moving from Technology Challenge to Human Factors Success
Recognition of the many limitations of traditional apprenticeship training is driving new approaches to learning medical procedural skills. Among simulation technologies and methods available today, computer-based systems are topical and bring the benefits of automated, repeatable, and reliable performance assessments. Human factors research is central to simulator model development that is relevant to real-world imaging-guided interventional tasks and to the credentialing programs in which it would be used.
Gould, Derek A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Royal Liverpool University NHS Trust, Radiology Department (United Kingdom); Chalmers, Nicholas [Manchester Royal Infirmary, Department of Radiology (United Kingdom); Johnson, Sheena J. [University of Manchester, Manchester Business School (United Kingdom); Kilkenny, Caroline [University of Hull, Psychology Department (United Kingdom); White, Mark D. [University of Liverpool, School of Engineering (United Kingdom); Bech, Bo [University Hospital of Skane, Vascular Center Malmoe (Sweden); Lonn, Lars [National University Hospital of Denmark, Department of Radiology and Vascular Surgery (Denmark); Bello, Fernando [Imperial College London, Clinical Skills Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer (United Kingdom)
Direct measurement of the negative-kaon form factor
The electromagnetic form factor of the negative kaon has been measured by direct scattering of 250 GeV/c kaons from the stationary electrons of a liquid-hydrogen target. The deviation of the measured elastic scattering cross section from the point cross section may be characterized by a root-mean-square kaon radius of /sup 1/2/=0.53 +- 0.05 fm.
Dally, E.B.; Hauptman, J.M.; Kubic, J.; Stork, D.H.; Watson, A.B.; Guzik, Z.; Nigmanov, T.S.; Riabtsov, V.D.; Tsyganov, E.N.; Vodopianov, A.S.; Beretvas, A.; Grigorian, A.; Tompkins, J.C.; Toohig, T.E.; Wehmann, A.A.; Poirier, J.A.; Rey, C.A.; Volk, J.T.; Rapp, P.D.; Shepard, P.F.
Key Factors in Displacement Ventilation Systems for Better IAQ
This paper sets up a mathematical model of three-dimensional steady turbulence heat transfer in an air-conditioned room of multi-polluting heat sources. Numerical simulation helps identify key factors in displacement ventilation systems that affect air-quality in rooms of multi-polluting heat sources. Results show that it is very important to determine the suitable air-intemperature , air-inflow, and heat source quantity and dispersion, to obtain better displacement ventilation results.
Wang, X.; Chen, J.; Li, Y.; Wang, Z.
2009 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting
(ANNEX 1) 5 Previous Approach 5 New Fuel Emission Factors 5 III. ELECTRICITY CONVERSION FACTORS (ANNEX 3) 6 UK Grid Electricity 6 CHP Electricity 9 IV. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR PROCESS EMISSIONS (ANNEX 4) 11 EMISSION FACTORS (ANNEX 6) 24 Passenger Cars 24 Taxis 31 Vans 32 Buses 33 Motorcycles 34 Passenger Rail 36
Effective dose and several factors of its identification. (Assessment of radiation hazard in space flights)
Farber, Yu V; Grigoriev, Yu G; Tabakova, L A
The proton form factor ratio results from Jefferson Lab
The ratio of the proton form factors, GE p/GMp, has been measured extensively, from Q2 of 0.5 GeV2 to 8.5 GeV2, at the Jefferson Laboratory, using the polarization transfer method. This ratio is extracted directly from the measured ratio of the transverse and longitudinal polarization components of the recoiling proton in elastic electron-proton scattering. The polarization transfer results are of unprecedented high precision and accuracy, due in large part to the small systematic uncertainties associated with the experimental technique. There is an approved experiment at JLab, GEP(5), to continue the ratio measurements to 12 GeV2. A dedicated experimental setup, the Super Bigbite Spectrometer (SBS), will be built for this purpose. It will be equipped with a focal plane polarimeter to measure the polarization of the recoil protons. The scattered electrons will be detected in an electromagnetic calorimeter. In this presentation, I will review the status of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors and discuss a number of theoretical approaches to describe nucleon form factors.
Vina Punjabi
Strange vector form factors from parity-violating electron scattering
The simplest models might describe the nucleon as 3 light quarks, but this description would be incomplete without inclusion of the sea of glue and qbar q pairs which binds it. Early indications of a particularly large contribution from strange quarks in this sea to the spin and mass of the nucleon motivated an experimental program examining the role of these strange quarks in the nucleon vector form factors. The strangeness form factors can be extracted from the well-studied electromagnetic structure of the nucleon using parity-violation in electron-nuclear scattering to isolate the effect of the weak interaction. With high luminosity and polarization, and a very stable beam due to its superconducting RF cavities, CEBAF at Jefferson Lab is a precision instrument uniquely well suited to the challenge of measurements of the small parity-violating asymmetries. The techniques and results of the two major Jefferson Lab experimental efforts in parity-violation studies, HAPPEX and G0, as well as efforts to describe the strange form factors in QCD, will be reviewed.
Kent Paschke, Anthony Thomas, Robert Michaels, David Armstrong
The Exposure Rate Conversion Factor for Nuclear Fallout
Nuclear fallout is comprised of approximately 2000 radionuclides. About 1000 of these radionuclides are either primary fission products or activated fission products that are created during the burn process. The exposure rate one meter above the surface produced by this complex mixture of radionuclides varies rapidly with time since many of the radionuclides are short-lived and decay numerous times before reaching a stable isotope. As a result, the mixture of radionuclides changes rapidly with time. Using a new code developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the mixture of radionuclides at any given point in time can be calculated. The code also calculates the exposure rate conversion factor (ECF) for all 3864 individual isotopes contained in its database based on the total gamma energy released per decay. Based on the combination of isotope mixture and individual ECFs, the time-dependent variation of the composite exposure rate conversion factor for nuclear fallout can be easily calculated. As example of this new capability, a simple test case corresponding to a 10 kt, uranium-plutonium fuel has been calculated. The results for the time-dependent, composite ECF for this test case are shown in Figure 1. For comparison, we also calculated the composite exposure rate conversion factor using the conversion factors found in Federal Guidance Report No.12 (FGR-12) published by ORNL, which contains the conversion factors for approximately 1000 isotopes. As can be noted from Figure 1, the two functions agree reasonably well at times greater than about 30 minutes. However, they do not agree at early times since FGR-12 does not include all of the short-lived isotopes that are produced in nuclear fallout. It should also be noted that the composite ECF at one hour is 19.7 R/hr per Ci/m{sup 2}. This corresponds to 3148 R/hr per 1 kt per square mile, which agrees reasonably well with the value of 3000 R/hr per 1 kt per square mile as quoted by Glasstone. We have also tabulated the top 50 contributors to the exposure rate at various points in time following a detonation. These major contributors are given in Table 1.
Spriggs, G D
Breast Cancer and Personal Environmental Risk Factors in Marin County --
Breast Cancer and Personal Environmental Risk Factors in Marin County -- Breast Cancer and Personal Environmental Risk Factors in Marin County -- Pilot Study Title Breast Cancer and Personal Environmental Risk Factors in Marin County -- Pilot Study Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2003 Authors Erdmann, Christine A., Georgianna Farren, Kimberly Baltzell, Terri Chew, Cynthia Clarkson, Ruth Fleshman, Colin Leary, Mary Mizroch, Fern Orenstein, Marion L. Russell, Virginia Souders-Mason, and Margaret Wrensch Abstract The purpose of the Personal Environmental Risk Factor Study (PERFS) pilot project was to develop methodologies and a questionnaire for a future population-based case-control study to investigate the role of selected environmental exposures in breast cancer development. Identification of etiologically relevant exposures during a period of potential vulnerability proximate to disease onset offers the possibility of clinical disease prevention even when disease initiation may have already occurred many years earlier. Certain personal environmental agents or combinations of agents may influence disease promotion. Therefore, this pilot study focused on exposures that occurred during the ten-year period prior to diagnosis for cases and the last ten years for controls, rather than more historic exposures. For this pilot study, we used a community-based research approach. In our collaborative efforts, community members participated with academic researchers in all phases of the research, including research question identification, study design, development of research tools, development of the human subjects protocol, and report writing. Community member inclusion was based upon the concept that community participation could improve the relevance of scientific studies and ultimate success of the research by encouraging an ongoing dialogue between community members and academic representatives. Early activities of this project focused on the collection of input from the community regarding the possible role of environmental factors in the incidence of breast cancer in Marin County. The intent was to inform the scientists of community concerns, enhance the research team's understanding of the community being studied, and provide interested community members with a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of traditional research methods through active participation in the research process. This pilot study identified specific testable hypotheses through review of the literature and consultation with relevant experts and the affected community. Initially, the study was to focus on modifiable personal environmental exposures that are associated with breast tumor promotion and higher socioeconomic status (SES). However, little information was available in the scientific literature regarding the putative mechanism by which some of the suspected environmental factors may act (i.e., initiator vs. promoter). Likewise, little is known about the distribution of personal environmental risk factors by socioeconomic status. Therefore, tumor promotion involvement and association with SES were not very useful as selection criteria, and selection of topics was based primarily on published scientific findings of human studies and community input. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of California at San Francisco (Committee on Human Research) and at the University of California at Berkeley (Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects)
Factors affecting expanded electricity trade in North America
The authors explore factors that affect electricity trade between enterprises in the US and Canada and the US and Mexico. They look to those underlying policy and institutional factors that affect the relative costs of producing electricity in the three countries. In particular, they consider six factors that appear to have a significant impact on electricity trade in North America: differences in the types of economic regulation of power leading to differences in cost recovery for wholesale and retail power and wheeling charges; changing regulatory attitudes, placing more emphasis on demand-side management and environmental concerns; differences in energy and economic policies; differences in national and subnational environmental policies; changing organization of electric power industries which may foster uncertainty, change historical relationships, and provide other potentially important sources of power for distribution utilities; and differences in the ability of enterprises to gain access to electric power markets because of restrictions placed on transmission access. In Section 2, the authors discuss the regulation of electricity trade in North America and provide an overview of the recent trading experience for electricity between Canada and the US and between Mexico and the US, including the volume of that trade over the past decade and existing transmission capacity between regions of the three countries. In Section 3, they look at the benefits that accrue to trading counties and what those benefits are likely to be for the three countries. The discussion in Section 4 centers on the relevant provisions of the Canada Free Trade Agreement and the proposed North American Free Trade Agreement. In Section 5, they set the stage for the discussion of policy and institutional differences presented in Section 6 by outlining differences in the organization of the electric power sectors of Canada, the US, and Mexico. The study is synthesized in Section 7.
Hill, L.J.
Factors Associated with Occuptional Socialization in Rural Nepal
be due to the poor econom ie condition of their parents. In this regard, Cabriles' study (1978:43) showcd that in the Philippines a financial problem was the major reason fur dropping out of school. Other factors, listed in order uf frequency, were lack... 's developed skills can be utilized. 104 REFERENCES Cabriles, David C. 1978 "Youth Resources Mobilization: A Development Strategy in Maramag." Unpublished M.S. Thesis. Bukidnon: UPLB College, Laguana. Coombs, et. al. 1972 New Path to Learning for Children...
Upadhyay, Kiran Dutta
Physical factors controlling the ductility of bulk metallic glasses
In order to identify key physical factor controlling the deformation and fracture behavior of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), we compiled and analyzed the elastic moduli and compressive ductility for BMGs. In addition, new modulus data were generated in the critical ranges in order to facilitate the analysis. We have found that the intrinsic ductility of BMGs can be correlated with the bulk-to-shear modulus ratio B/G according to Pugh's [Philos. Mag. 45, 823 (1954) ] rule. In some individual BMG systems, for example, Fe based, the relationship seems to be very clear. The physical meaning of this correlation is discussed in terms of atomic bonding and connectivity.
Liu, Y. [Central South University, China; Liu, Chain T [ORNL; Zhang, Z. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Keppens, V. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
The Dose Rate Conversion Factors for Nuclear Fallout
In a previous paper, the composite exposure rate conversion factor (ECF) for nuclear fallout was calculated using a simple theoretical photon-transport model. The theoretical model was used to fill in the gaps in the FGR-12 table generated by ORNL. The FGR-12 table contains the individual conversion factors for approximate 1000 radionuclides. However, in order to calculate the exposure rate during the first 30 minutes following a nuclear detonation, the conversion factors for approximately 2000 radionuclides are needed. From a human-effects standpoint, it is also necessary to have the dose rate conversion factors (DCFs) for all 2000 radionuclides. The DCFs are used to predict the whole-body dose rates that would occur if a human were standing in a radiation field of known exposure rate. As calculated by ORNL, the whole-body dose rate (rem/hr) is approximately 70% of the exposure rate (R/hr) at one meter above the surface. Hence, the individual DCFs could be estimated by multiplying the individual ECFs by 0.7. Although this is a handy rule-of-thumb, a more consistent (and perhaps, more accurate) method of estimating the individual DCFs for the missing radionuclides in the FGR-12 table is to use the linear relationship between DCF and total gamma energy released per decay. This relationship is shown in Figure 1. The DCFs for individual organs in the body can also be estimated from the estimated whole-body DCF. Using the DCFs given FGR-12, the ratio of the organ-specific DCFs to the whole-body DCF were plotted as a function of the whole-body DCF. From these plots, the asymptotic ratios were obtained (see Table 1). Using these asymptotic ratios, the organ-specific DCFs can be estimated using the estimated whole-body DCF for each of the missing radionuclides in the FGR-12 table. Although this procedure for estimating the organ-specific DCFs may over-estimate the value for some low gamma-energy emitters, having a finite value for the organ-specific DCFs in the table is probably better than having no value at all. A summary of the complete ECF and DCF values are given in Table 2.
Harmonic mean, the Gamma factor and Speed of Light
The relationship between the harmonic mean and special relativity is concisely elucidated. The arguments in favor and against SRT are explored. It is shown that the ratio of the speed of light to the harmonic mean of the onward and return speeds of light in a moving frame under Newtonian mechanics, when equitably distributed between space and time as a correction, leads to the Lorentz transformation. This correction implies an apparent contraction of objects and time dilation. However, the symmetry of the onward and inverse transformations give a different meaning to the gamma factor
Chandru Iyer
Factors influencing trace element composition in human teeth
The authors recently compiled and reviewed the literature published in or after 1978 for 45 major, minor, and trace elements in human teeth as a part of an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) study. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various factors that influence the concentration levels of certain trace elements in human teeth. The sampling practices and analytical techniques that are applicable for trace element analysis are also discussed. It is also our intention to identify reference range of values, where data permit such conclusions. The scrutiny was designed to identify only the healthy permanent teeth, and values from teeth with fillings, caries, or periodontal diseases were eliminated.
Tandon, L. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Iyengar, G.V. [Biomineral Sciences International, Inc., Bethesda, MD (United States)
Factorization and Transverse Momentum in SIDIS at Jlab
Data for pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets satisfy factorization tests in the kinematic region Q{sup 2} > 1 GeV{sup 2}, 0.15 < x < 0.45, W > 2 GeV, M{sub x} > 1.5 GeV, and 0.3 < z < 0.6, for both spin-averaged and spin-dependent scattering. The {pi}{sup +}/{pi}{sup -} ratio of polarized SIDIS is found to exhibit a surprisingly large p{sub t} dependence.
Peter Bosted
Factors Affecting Zebra Mussel Kill by the Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens
The specific purpose of this research project was to identify factors that affect zebra mussel kill by the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Test results obtained during this three-year project identified the following key variables as affecting mussel kill: treatment concentration, treatment duration, mussel siphoning activity, dissolved oxygen concentration, water temperature, and naturally suspended particle load. Using this latter information, the project culminated in a series of pipe tests which achieved high mussel kill inside power plants under once-through conditions using service water in artificial pipes.
Daniel P. Molloy
Utility & Regulatory Factors Affecting Cogeneration & Independent Power Plant Design & Operation
In specifying a cogeneration or independent power plant, the owner should be especially aware of the influences which electric utilities and regulatory bodies will have on key parameters such as size, efficiency, design, reliability/ availability, operating capabilities and modes, etc. This paper will note examples of some of the major factors which could impact the project developer and his economics, as well as discuss potential mitigation measures. Areas treated include wheeling, utility ownership interests, dispatchability, regulatory acceptance and other considerations which could significantly affect the plant definition and, as a result, its attendant business and financing structure. Finally, suggestions are also made for facilitating the process of integration with the electric utility.
Felak, R. P.
Factors affecting potential market penetration of laser fusion power plants
A mini-model has been constructed to estimate the optimal size of laser fusion power plants and to estimate the allowable cost of the first such plant in relation to the next best alternative. In estimating the costs of laser fusion, the mini-model incorporates such factors as market penetration, learning, economies of scale, system size, transmission costs, reserve requirements, development and licensing costs and site costs. The results of the mini-model simulations indicate that the optimal laser fusion plant size is approximately 3 GWe; risk considerations unincorporated in the mini-model suggest an optimal size closer to 2.5 GWe.
Deonigi, D.E.; Fraley, D.W.
Major Risk Factors to the Integrated Facility Disposition Project
Oak Ridge Reservation Tennessee Major Risk Factors to the Integrated Facility Disposition Project (IFDP) Challenge The scope of the Integrated Facility Disposition Project (IFDP) needs to comprehensively address a wide range of environmental management risks at the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORO). These include: environmental remediation, regulatory compliance, deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) activities, and disposition of legacy materials and waste, along with the ongoing modernization, reindustrialization, and reconfiguration initiatives at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and at the Y-12 National Security Complex. The balancing of the broad nature of these activities and issues at ORO are a key challenge for the IFDP especially since their interrelationship is not always obvious.
Environmental Factors Altering Thyroid Function and Their Assessment
Chronic ingestion of modest doses of dietary iodine, radiation, and polyhalogenated biphenyls (PCB's and PBB's) are environmental factors with known or suspected adverse effects on the human thyroid. Iodine consumption in the United States is approaching 1 mg daily for a large segment of the population. Data are reviewed which support the need for concern regarding the long-term adverse effects of dietary iodine on thyroid function, particularly in certain susceptible individuals. Environmental sources of radiation pose a significant risk of thyroid cancer and hypothyroidism under certain circumstances which may be intentional, inadvertent, or accidental. Exposure to polyhalogenated biphenyls during manufacture or as industrial pollutants are hazardous to man and to wildlife in moderate or large quantities and perhaps also in small amounts. The need to investigate the potential harm posed by these factors in the quantities commonly encountered is emphasized. A wide variety of environmental agents adversely affect the thyroid gland. Some have been precisely identified while others are not well characterized. Some are known to alter thyroid function
Charles P. Barsano*t
Investor clienteles and industry factor-price exposure
The authors thank The Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) for funding. We are especially grateful to Brian Bushee for providing his data on institutional ownership classifications. We thank Paul Zarowin and seminar participants at New York University, the London Business School, INSEAD, the University of Rochester, and Southern Methodist University for helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the paper, and David Barker, Matt Billett, Brian Bushee, Eric Lie, Anand Vijh, and seminar participants at the University of Iowa for comments on this version. Minton acknowledges financial support from the Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics. Investor clienteles and industry factor-price exposure We find robust evidence of investor clienteles for industry factor-price exposure: Investor interest, measured using share turnover and the number of institutions that hold a firmÆs stock, is positively associated with stocks Æ industry exposure, and institutional investors systematically overweight (underweight) high (low) industry exposure stocks in their portfolios. Clientele effects are most pronounced in industries in which return correlation with the aggregate market is low, where the benefits from learning about industry risk and from substituting investment in high-exposure stocks for investment in the industry assets are greatest. Clientele effects are
Phil Davies; Bernadette A. Minton; Catherine Schrand
Factor Intensity, Product Switching, and Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Exporters
This paper analyzes how a ģrmÆs specialization in its core products after exporting ażects its factor intensity and productivity. Using Chinese manufacturing ģrm data over the period of 1998-2007, we ģnd that ģrms become less capital-intensive but more productive after exporting, compared to non-exporters that share similar ex ante characteristics. To rationalize these ģndings that contrast with existing studies, we develop a variant of the model by Bernard, Redding, and Schott (2010, 2011) to consider ģrms producing multiple products with varying capital intensity. The model predicts that when a ģrm in a labor-abundant country starts exporting, it specializes in its core competencies by allocating more resources to produce labor-intensive products. Firm ex ante productivity is associated with a smaller decline in capital intensity after exporting. A sharper post-exporting decline in capital intensity is associated with a larger increase in measured total factor productivity. We ģnd ģrm-level evidence supporting these predictions. Using transaction-level data for the period over 2000-2006, we ģnd that Chinese exporters continuously add new products that are less capital-intensive than their existing products
Yue Ma Y; Heiwai Tang Z; Yifan Zhang X; Peter Schott; Robert Staiger; Jo Van Biesebroeck
Medium modification of the proton form-factor
I argue that the double ratio of proton-recoil polarization-transfer coefficients, P{prime}{sub x} and P{prime}{sub z}, of the quasielastic {sup 4}He(e,e{prime}p){sup 3}H reaction with respect to the elastic {sup 1}H(e,e{prime}p) reaction is sensitive to possible medium modifications of the proton form factor in {sup 4}He. Recent measurements at both Mainz and Jefferson Lab of this double ratio at four-momentum transfers squared between 0.4 (GeV/c){sup 2} and 2.6 (GeV/c){sup 2} are discussed. I show that the data challenge state-of-the-art conventional meson-nucleon calculations, as these are unable to describe the results. The data hint at the need to include medium modifications of the proton form factor, as predicted by a quark-meson-coupling model, in the calculations. A recently approved follow-up experiment at a Q{sup 2} of 0.8 (GeV/c){sup 2} and 1.3 (GeV/c){sup 2} with unprecedented precision will provide one of the most stringent tests of the applicability of various calculations.
Steffen Strauch
Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Infection Is Required for Efficient Production of the Angiogenesis Factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies are primarily composed of cells with one of the latent forms of EBV infection, a small subset of tumor cells containing the lytic form of infection is often observed. Whether the rare lytically infected tumor cells contribute to the growth of the latently infected tumor cells is unclear. Here we have investigated whether the lytically infected subset of early-passage lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) could potentially contribute to tumor growth through the production of angiogenesis factors. We demonstrate that supernatants from early-passage LCLs infected with BZLF1-deleted virus (Z-KO LCLs) are highly impaired in promoting endothelial cell tube formation in vitro compared to wild-type (WT) LCL supernatants. Furthermore, expression of the BZLF1 gene product in trans in Z-KO LCLs restored angiogenic capacity. The supernatants of Z-KO LCLs, as well as supernatants from LCLs derived with a BRLF1-deleted virus (R-KO LCLs), contained much less vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in comparison to WT LCLs. BZLF1 gene expression in Z-KO LCLs
In Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines; Gregory K. Hong; Pawan Kumar; Ling Wang; Blossom Damania; Margaret L. Gulley; Henri-jacques Delecluse; Peter J. Polverini; Shannon C. Kenney
Revision of the APGEMS Dose Conversion Factor File Using Revised Factors from Federal Guidance Report 12 and 13.
The Air Pollutant Graphical Environmental Monitoring System (APGEMS) is used by the Hanford Emergency Operation Center (EOC) to provide refined plume modeling of releases involving radionuclides. The dose conversion factors (DCFs) used by APGEMS to convert air concentration to dose are stored in a file called HUDUFACT.dat; the DCFs are based primarily on ICRP 30 compiled in the late 1980Æs. This report updates the DCFs using more recent values reported in the Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) Federal Guidance Report (FGR) 12 and 13. FGR 12 provides external exposure (air submersion) DCFs for radionuclides in air; FGR 13 provides DCFs for radionuclides from inhalation. DCFs were updated for only those radionuclides listed in the original HUDUFACT.dat file. Since FGR 13 provides inhalation dose conversion factors as a function of age, revised DCF files were created for APGEMS for each age group. The ōadultö DCF file is the most relevant to compare to the original DCF file being used in APGEMS; these DCF values are compared in this report.
Hay, Tristan R.; Rishel, Jeremy P.
Emission factors for ammonia and particulate matter from broiler Houses
Total suspended particulate (TSP) concentrations, ammonia (NH?) concentrations, and ventilation rates were measured in four commercial, tunnel ventilated broiler houses in June through December of 2000 in Brazos County, Texas. Particle size distributions were developed from TSP samplers collected and used to determine the mass fraction of PM?? in the TSP samples collected. Concentrations of TSP and ammonia measured were multiplied by the ventilation rates measured to obtain emission factors for PM?? and ammonia from tunnel ventilated commercial broiler houses. TSP and NH? concentrations ranged from 7,387 to 11,387 []g/m│ and 2.02 to 45 ppm, respectively. Ammonia concentration exhibited a correlation with the age of the birds. Mass median diameters (MMD) found using particle size analysis with a Coulter Counter Multisizer were between 24.0 and 26.7 mm aerodynamic equivalent diameter. MMD increased with bird age. The mass fraction of PM?? in the TSP samples was between 2.72% and 8.40% with a mean of 5.94%. Ventilation rates were measured between 0.58 and 89 m│/s. Ammonia emission rates varied from 38 to 2105 g/hr. TSP emission rates and PM?? emission rates ranged from 7.0 to 1673 g/hr 0.58 to 99 g/hr respectively. Emission rates for ammonia and particulate matter increased with the age of the birds. Error and sensitivity analysis was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation for the calculation of emission rates. Error for ammonia emission rates was 99 g/hr during tunnel ventilation and 6 g/hr during sidewall ventilation. Error for TSP emission rates was 79 g/hr and 11 g/hr for tunnel and sidewall ventilation respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that ventilation rate measurements and measurement of ammonia concentration had the most effect on the emission rates. Emission factors of NH? and PM?? estimated for these buildings were 1.32 ▒ 0.472 g/bird and 22.8 ▒ 9.28 g/bird, respectively. These emission factors take into account the variation of PM?? and NH? concentrations and ventilation rates with the age of the birds.
Redwine, Jarah Suzanne
Induction of growth factor RNA expression in human malignant melanoma: markers of transformation
Alteration in the expression of growth factors is widely accepted as being one of several critical defects in the generation of the malignant cell. In the present study, 19 human metastatic melanoma cell lines were compared to 14 normal human foreskin melanocyte cell lines for the production of RNA transcripts specific for 11 different growth factors. Using the extremely sensitive technique of polymerase chain reaction to amplify growth factor-specific complementary DNAs, we analyzed the following: transforming growth factor (TGF) types a, fi,, ti┬Ī.and /i.,,acidic (a) fibroblast growth factor (FGF), basic (b) FGF, FGF-5, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), HST, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) types A and B. There were clear distinctions among the patterns of growth factor RNA expression by normal melanocytes and malignant melanoma cells. The prototypic melanocyte pattern of expression in cluded TGF0!, TGF/Sj, and KGF. A subset of melanocyte cell lines also
Anthony P. Albino; Brigid M. Davis; David M. Nanus; Contact The Aacr Publications; Anthony P. Albino; Brigid M. Davis; David M. Nanus
A Model for Water Factor Measurements With Fission-Neutron Logging...
A Model for Water Factor Measurements With Fission-Neutron Logging Tools (May 1983) A Model for Water Factor Measurements With Fission-Neutron Logging Tools (May 1983) A Model for...
Recoil polarization measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio to high momentum transfer
The electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon characterize the effect of its internal structure on its response to an electromagnetic probe as studied in elastic electronnucleon scattering. These form factors are functions ...
Puckett, Andrew James Ruehe
Do internal factors of cooperation influence computer-mediated distance activity?
On the one hand, researchers have studied factors that influence collaboration and on the other, researchers have proposed models of collaborative problem solving. However, we have not found research on the relation between these factors and the dimensions ...
Kristine Lund; Cķline Rossetti; Stķphanie Metz
The neutron electric form factor to Q▓ = 1.45 (GeV/c)▓
The nucleon elastic electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities needed for an understanding of nucleon and nuclear electromagnetic structure. The evolution of the Sachs electric and magnetic form factors with ...
Plaster, Bradley R. (Bradley Robert), 1976-
Computing and Mapping Thiessen Weighting Factors from Digitized District Boundaries and Climatological Station Latitudes and Longitudes
A set of procedures, including computer software, which derive weighting factors for reducing point weather data to an areal district basis, are described and demonstrated. Areal estimates obtained by applying such weighting factors can be used, ...
H. N. Hayhoe; G. D. V. Williams
N and N to Delta transition form factors from Lattice QCD
We present recent lattice QCD results on nucleon form factors and N to Delta transition form factors. We predict the parity violating asymmetry in N to Delta and check the off-diagonal Goldberger-Treiman relation.
C. Alexandrou
Regulation of osteoclast differentiation by transcription factors MITF, PU.1 and EOS.
??The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor, regulates distinct target genes in several cell types including osteoclasts. Osteoclasts areģ (more)
Hu, Rong
Factors Controlling the Solubility of Mercury Adsorbed on Fly Ash
N:\R&D_Projects_Partial\FlyAsh&CCBs\Meetings\2005_04_WorldOfCoalAsh\AnnKim\HgSol N:\R&D_Projects_Partial\FlyAsh&CCBs\Meetings\2005_04_WorldOfCoalAsh\AnnKim\HgSol ubility_Paper.doc Factors Controlling the Solubility of Mercury Adsorbed on Fly Ash Ann G. Kim 1 and Karl Schroeder 2 1 ORISE Research Fellow, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd., Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940 2 Research Group Leader, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd., Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940 KEYWORDS Coal Utilization By-Products, leaching, activated carbon, pH ABSTRACT It is expected that increased controls on Hg emissions will shift the environmental burden from the flue gas to the solid coal utilization by-products (CUB), such as fly ash and flue-gas
LEDSGP/DIA-Toolkit/Factors | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon ┬╗ LEDSGP/DIA-Toolkit/Factors < LEDSGPŌĆÄ | DIA-Toolkit Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP Logo.png Development Impacts Assessment Toolkit Home Tools Request Assistance Development Impacts Assessment Dia goals actions.png Governments set national goals and priorities-social, economic, and environmental-that establish the context for government policies and programs. At the same time, many countries have defined low emission development strategies (LEDS) as a guiding framework for development. The purpose of development impacts assessment (DIA) is to identify and assess the impacts, including both positive impacts (e.g., improved air or
Forecasting the Bayes factor of a future observation
I present a new procedure to forecast the Bayes factor of a future observation by computing the Predictive Posterior Odds Distribution (PPOD). This can assess the power of future experiments to answer model selection questions and the probability of the outcome, and can be helpful in the context of experiment design. As an illustration, I consider a central quantity for our understanding of the cosmological concordance model, namely the scalar spectral index of primordial perturbations, n_S. I show that the Planck satellite has over 90% probability of gathering strong evidence against n_S = 1, thus conclusively disproving a scale-invariant spectrum. This result is robust with respect to a wide range of choices for the prior on n_S.
Roberto Trotta
Modulated Ground State of Gravity Theories with Stabilized Conformal Factor
We discuss the stabilization of the conformal factor by higher derivative terms in a conformally reduced $R+R^2$ Euclidean gravity theory. The flat spacetime is unstable towards the condensation of modes with nonzero momentum, and they "condense" in a modulated phase above a critical value of the coupling $\\beta$ of the $R^2$ term. By employing a combination of variational, numerical and lattice methods we show that in the semiclassical limit the corresponding functional integral is dominated by a single nonlinear plane wave of frequency $\\approx 1/\\sqrt{\\beta} \\lp$. We argue that the ground state of the theory is characterized by a spontaneous breaking of translational invariance at Planckian scales.
Bonanno, Alfio
Factors affecting quality of dried low-rank coals
The chemical and physical properties of coal are strongly affected by the upgrading process employed. For high-moisture coals, upgrading involves thermal dehydration to improve the calorific value of the coal on mass basis. This study evaluates the feasibility of upgrading a low-rank/grade coal using the oven drying method. The objective of this research work is to study the drying characteristics of low-rank coals and to understand the factors affecting the quality of dried low-rank coals. This article describes laboratory experiments conducted on the characterization of the low-rank coals before and after the drying process. The results on drying kinetics, re-absorption of coal samples, and proximate analysis of coal samples before and after drying are discussed. It was found that the upgrading process produced coal with better heating value and combustion characteristics than those of the raw coal samples.
Karthikeyan, M.; Kuma, J.V.M.; Hoe, C.S.; Ngo, D.L.Y. [National University of Singapore, (Singapore)
Technical Change, Factor Demand and Interfactor/Interfuel Substitution
Abstract: With its rapid economic growth, ChinaÆs primary energy consumption has exceeded domestic energy production since 1994, leading to a substantial expansion in energy imports, particularly of oil. ChinaÆs energy demand has an increasingly significant impact on global energy markets. In this paper Allen partial elasticities of factor and energy substitution, and price elasticities of energy demand, are calculated for China using a two-stage translog cost function approach. The results suggest that energy is substitutable with both capital and labour. Coal is significantly substitutable with electricity and complementary with diesel while gasoline and electricity are substitutable with diesel. ChinaÆs energy intensity is increasing during the study period (1995-2004) and the major driver appears to be due to the increased use of energy intensive technology. Keywords: China; Interfactor/interfuel substitution; Technology; Energy intensity decomposition
Hengyun Ma; Les Oxley; John Gibson; Bongguen Kim; Hengyun Ma; Les Oxley; John Gibson; Bongguen Kim
Use power factor correction to cut SCR rig fuel bills
When drilling with SCR-powered drilling rigs, there are specific instances on every well when the kVA capacity of the AC generators prohibits efficient engine loading. It then becomes necessary to run another engine-generator set to provide sufficient kVA to power the load, even though the kW required by the load can be furnished by existing engine(s) on line. The practice of running one more engine than can be fully loaded causes all engines on line to run at a less efficient point on the brake specific fuel consumption curve (BSFC) and therefore costs more in terms of engine hours, fuel and maintenance costs. This article presents a study of the load represented by the mud pump and drawworks along with a graphical representation that shows the effect of these loads on the engine generator system both with and without a power factor correction device.
Logan, R.T.
Factors relevant to utility integration of intermittent renewable technologies
This study assesses factors that utilities must address when they integrate intermittent renewable technologies into their power-supply systems; it also reviews the literature in this area and has a bibliography containing more than 350 listings. Three topics are covered: (1) interface (hardware and design-related interconnection), (2) operability/stability, and (3) planning. This study finds that several commonly held perceptions regarding integration of intermittent renewable energy technologies are not valid. Among findings of the study are the following: (1) hardware and system design advances have eliminated most concerns about interface; (2) cost penalties have not occurred at low to moderate penetration levels (and high levels are feasible); and (3) intermittent renewable energy technologies can have capacity values. Obstacles still interfering with intermittent renewable technologies are also identified.
Wan, Yih-huei; Parsons, B.K.
kt-factorization for Hard Processes in Nuclei
Two widely proposed kt-dependent gluon distributions in the small-x saturation regime are investigated using two particle back-to-back correlations in high energy scattering processes. The Weizsacker-Williams gluon distribution, interpreted as the number density of gluon inside the nucleus, is studied in the quark-antiquark jet correlation in deep inelastic scattering. On the other hand, the unintegrated gluon distribution, defined as the Fourier transform of the color-dipole cross section, is probed in the direct photon-jet correlation in pA collisions. Dijet-correlation in pA collisions depends on both gluon distributions through combination and convolution in the large Nc limit. We calculate these processes in two approaches: the transverse momentum dependent factorization approach and the color-dipole/color glass condensate formalism, and they agree with each other completely.
Dominguez, Fabio; Xiao, Bo-Wen; Yuan, Feng
Connecting Chromatin Modifying Factors to DNA Damage Response
Abstract: Cells are constantly damaged by factors that can induce DNA damage. Eukaryotic cells must rapidly load DNA repair proteins onto damaged chromatin during the DNA damage response (DDR). Chromatin-remodeling complexes use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to remodel nucleosomes and have well-established functions in transcription. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that chromatin-remodeling complexes are important and may remodel nucleosomes during DNA damage repair. New studies also reveal that ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling is involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction pathways, and interaction and modification of DDR-related proteins that are specifically and intimately connected with the process of DNA damage. This article summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the interplay between chromatin remodeling and DNA damage response.
Weiwei Lai; Hongde Li; Shuang Liu; Yongguang Tao
The electric and magnetic form factors of the proton
The paper describes a precise measurement of electron scattering off the proton at momentum transfers of $0.003 \\lesssim Q^2 \\lesssim 1$\\ GeV$^2$. The average point-to-point error of the cross sections in this experiment is $\\sim$ 0.37%. These data are used for a coherent new analysis together with all world data of unpolarized and polarized electron scattering from the very smallest to the highest momentum transfers so far measured. The extracted electric and magnetic form factors provide new insight into their exact shape, deviating from the classical dipole form, and of structure on top of this gross shape. The data reaching very low $Q^2$ values are used for a new determination of the electric and magnetic radii. An empirical determination of the Two-Photon-Exchange (TPE) correction is presented. The implications of this correction on the radii and the question of a directly visible signal of the pion cloud are addressed.
A1 Collaboration; J. C. Bernauer; M. O. Distler; J. Friedrich; Th. Walcher; P. Achenbach C. Ayerbe Gayoso; R. B÷hm; L. Debenjak; L. Doria; A. Esser; H. Fonvieille; M. G¾mez RodrĒgues de la Paz; J. M. Friedrich; M. Makek; H. Merkel; D. G. Middleton; U. M³ller; L. Nungesser; J. Pochodzalla; M. Potokar; S. Sßnchez Majos; B. S. Schlimme; S. Ŗirca; M. Weinriefer
Different Factors Impact Different Aspects of Gasoline Price
1 1 Notes: In order to illustrate and quantify, to a large extent, the various market forces driving gasoline prices, we begin by decomposing those factors according to their location within the supply chain, i.e., the international crude market, U.S. wholesale gasoline markets, and the retail segment. Historically, variation in gasoline prices usually stems from changes in crude oil prices. As the major feedstock in the production of gasoline, shifts in the balance between supply and demand in crude markets explain a large portion of observed movements at the retail level. But shifts in the wholesale gasoline supply/demand balance also contribute to price pressure or movements at both the wholesale and retail levels beyond that stemming from crude oil markets.
Human factors assessments of D and D technologies
On April 2, 1997, the US Secretary of Energy directed the US Assistant Secretary of Environmental Management and of Safety and Health to require field input of appropriate data to ensure that safety and health considerations were properly addressed in the Accelerating Cleanup: Focus on 2006 Plan. The US Department of Energy (DOE) field managers have committed to the Secretary that they will fully implement integrated safety management systems (ISMSs) at their respective sites by the end of fiscal year 1999. The Secretary has further directed that headquarters safety and health guidance be developed to support consistent and comprehensive project baseline summaries from the field. The Secretary has committed to institutionalizing ISMS as an integral component of the way the DOE conducts its business. The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board continues to oversee and closely monitor the DOE's commitment to the safety and health of its workers. The DOE is committed to a management system approach to ensure that work is performed in a manner that protects the worker, public, and environment. The Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area (DDFA) is actively addressing the need to incorporate environmental safety and health (ES and H) considerations in developing technologies. The DDFA is partnered with the Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program (OENHP) to evaluate the ES and H considerations of the innovative and improved decontamination and decommissioning technologies. Part of the implementation of the ES and H work practices in the field is through a cooperative agreement between the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and the OENHP. The objective of this program is to establish an International Environmental Technology and Training Center to conduct human factors assessments and protocols on environmental technologies. The intent of the human factors assessments is to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the technologies and to enhance desirable human values, including job satisfaction and improved quality of worker life. An important part of the effort is to develop ES and H training tools for each evaluated technology.
Carpenter, C.P.; Evans, T.T.; McCabe, B.
Some social factors of software engineering: the maverick, community and technical practices
While the importance of 'people factors' in software engineering has been recognised for over 25 years, few specific factors, and their impact on software engineering, have been identified. 'People factors' covers a wide and diverse set of issues. In ... Keywords: community, ethnography, maverick
Helen Sharp; Hugh Robinson
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Guidelines to Defra's Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factors for
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Guidelines to Defra's Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factors for Company Reporting June 2008 What are Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factors? These conversion factors allow companies and individuals to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a range
Extracellular nonmitogenic angiogenesis factor and method of isolation thereof from wound fluid
A nonmitogenic angiogenesis factor is isolated from wound fluid by dialysis to include materials in the molecular size range of 2,000 to 14,000, lyophilization, and chromatography. The nonmitogenic angiogenesis factor is identified by activity by corneal implant assay and by cell migration assay. The angiogenesis factor is also characterized by inactivity by mitogenesis assay.
Banda, Michael J. (San Francisco, CA); Werb, Zena (San Francisco, CA); Knighton, David R. (San Francisco, CA); Hunt, Thomas K. (San Francisco, CA)
Human factors engineering as the methodological babel fish: translating user needs into software design
The aim of this paper is to show, by way of two case studies, the value of including Human Factors in interaction and interface design specification. It is argued that Human Factors offers and unique and useful perspective and contributes positively ... Keywords: case study, human factors methods, requirements specification
Neville A. Stanton
Evaluation criteria for blog design and analysis of causal relationships using factor analysis and DEMATEL
The purpose of this study is to find the key factors influencing blog design, and explore the causal relationships between the criteria for each factor. Since design is a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, this study adopts a model which ... Keywords: Blog design, DEMATEL, Factor analysis, Multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM)
Chun-Cheng Hsu
Abstract--Distribution factors play a key role in many system security analysis and market applications. The injection shift
1 Abstract-- Distribution factors play a key role in many system security analysis and market of the other distribution factors. The line outage distribution factors (LODFs) may be computed using the ISFs distribution factors, line outage distribution factors, multiple-line outages, system security. I. INTRODUCTION
Decommissioning Cost Estimating Factors And Earned Value Integration
The Rocky Flats 771 Project progressed from the planning stage of decommissioning a plutonium facility, through the strip-out of highly-contaminated equipment, removal of utilities and structural decontamination, and building demolition. Actual cost data was collected from the strip-out activities and compared to original estimates, allowing the development of cost by equipment groupings and types and over time. Separate data was developed from the project control earned value reporting and compared with the equipment data. The paper discusses the analysis to develop the detailed factors for the different equipment types, and the items that need to be considered during characterization of a similar facility when preparing an estimate. The factors are presented based on direct labor requirements by equipment type. The paper also includes actual support costs, and examples of fixed or one-time start-up costs. The integration of the estimate and the earned value system used for the 771 Project is also discussed. The paper covers the development of the earned value system as well as its application to a facility to be decommissioned and an existing work breakdown structure. Lessons learned are provided, including integration with scheduling and craft supervision, measurement approaches, and verification of scope completion. In summary: The work of decommissioning the Rocky Flats 771 Project process equipment was completed in 2003. Early in the planning process, we had difficulty in identifying credible data and implementing processes for estimating and controlling this work. As the project progressed, we were able to collect actual data on the costs of removing plutonium contaminated equipment from various areas over the life of this work and associate those costs with individual pieces of equipment. We also were able to develop and test out a system for measuring the earned value of a decommissioning project based on an evolving estimate. These were elements that would have been useful to us in our early planning process, and we would expect that they would find application elsewhere as the DOE weapons complex and some commercial nuclear facilities move towards closure. (authors)
Sanford, P.C.; Cimmarron, E. [Englewood, CO, B. Skokan, Office of Project Management Oversight, EM-53, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC (United States)
Characterizing the interplay betwen mulitple levels of organization within bacterial sigma factor regulatory networks
Bacteria contain multiple sigma factors, each targeting diverse, but often overlapping sets of promoters, thereby forming a complex network. The layout and deployment of such a sigma factor network directly impacts global transcriptional regulation and ultimately dictates the phenotype. Here we integrate multi-omic data sets to determine the topology, the operational, and functional states of the sigma factor network in Geobacter sulfurreducens, revealing a unique network topology of interacting sigma factors. Analysis of the operational state of the sigma factor network shows a highly modular structure with sN being the major regulator of energy metabolism. Surprisingly, the functional state of the network during the two most divergent growth conditions is nearly static, with sigma factor binding profiles almost invariant to environmental stimuli. This first comprehensive elucidation of the interplay between different levels of the sigma factor network organization is fundamental to characterize transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in bacteria.
Yu, Qiu [University of California, San Diego; Nagarajan, Harish [University of California, San Diego; Embree, Mallory [University of California, San Diego; Shieu, Wendy [University of California, San Diego; Abate, Elisa [University of California, San Diego; Juarez, Katy [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Cho, Byung-Kwan [University of California, San Diego; Elkins, James G [ORNL; Nevin, Kelly P. [University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Barrett, Christian [University of California, San Diego; Lovley, Derek [University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Palsson, Bernhard O. [University of California, San Diego; Zengler, Karsten [University of California, San Diego
Radium concentration factors and their use in health and environmental risk assessment
Radium is known to be taken up by aquatic animals, and tends to accumulate in bone, shell and exoskeleton. The most common approach to estimating the uptake of a radionuclide by aquatic animals for use in health and environmental risk assessments is the concentration factor method. The concentration factor method relates the concentration of a contaminant in an organism to the concentration in the surrounding water. Site specific data are not usually available, and generic, default values are often used in risk assessment studies. This paper describes the concentration factor method, summarizes some of the variables which may influence the concentration factor for radium, reviews reported concentration factors measured in marine environments and presents concentration factors derived from data collected in a study in coastal Louisiana. The use of generic default values for the concentration factor is also discussed.
Meinhold, A.F.; Hamilton, L.D.
Factors controlling pathogen destruction during anaerobic digestion of biowastes
Anaerobic digestion is the principal method of stabilising biosolids from urban wastewater treatment in the UK, and it also has application for the treatment of other types of biowaste. Increasing awareness of the potential risks to human and animal health from environmental sources of pathogens has focused attention on the efficacy of waste treatment processes at destroying pathogenic microorganisms in biowastes recycled to agricultural land. The degree of disinfection achieved by a particular anaerobic digester is influenced by a variety of interacting operational variables and conditions, which can often deviate from the ideal. Experimental investigations demonstrate that Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are not damaged by mesophilic temperatures, whereas rapid inactivation occurs by thermophilic digestion. A hydraulic, biokinetic and thermodynamic model of pathogen inactivation during anaerobic digestion showed that a 2 log{sub 10} reduction in E. coli (the minimum removal required for agricultural use of conventionally treated biosolids) is likely to challenge most conventional mesophilic digesters, unless strict maintenance and management practices are adopted to minimise dead zones and by-pass flow. Efficient mixing and organic matter stabilisation are the main factors controlling the rate of inactivation under mesophilic conditions and not a direct effect of temperature per se on pathogenic organisms.
Smith, S.R. [Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Lang, N.L. [Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Cheung, K.H.M. [Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Spanoudaki, K. [Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)
Neutron charge radius and the neutron electric form factor
For nearly forty years, the Galster parametrization has been employed to fit existing data for the neutron electric form factor, G{sub E}{sup n}, vs the square of the four-momentum transfer, Q{sup 2}. Typically this parametrization is constrained to be consistent with experimental data for the neutron charge radius. However, we find that the Galster form does not have sufficient freedom to accommodate reasonable values of the radius without constraining or compromising the fit. In addition, the G{sub E}{sup n} data are now at sufficient precision to motivate a two-parameter fit (or three parameters if we include thermal neutron data). Here we present a modified form of a two-dipole parametrization that allows this freedom and fits both G{sub E}{sup n} (including recent data at both low and high four-momentum transfer) and the charge radius well with simple, well-defined parameters. Analysis reveals that the Galster form is essentially a two-parameter approximation to the two-dipole form but becomes degenerate if we try to extend it naturally to three parameters.
Gentile, T. R. [Stop 8461, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States); Crawford, C. B. [University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (United States)
The Transcription Factor PU.1 Regulates cd T Cell
Background: T cell development results in the generation of both mature ab and cd T cells. While ab T cells predominate in secondary lymphoid organs, cd T cells are more abundant in mucosal tissues. PU.1, an Ets family transcription factor, also identified as the spleen focus forming virus proviral integration site-1 (Sfpi1) is essential for early stages of T cell development, but is down regulated during the DN T-cell stage. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we show that in mice specifically lacking PU.1 in T cells using an lck-Cre transgene with a conditional Sfpi1 allele (Sfpi1 lck2/2) there are increased numbers of cd T cells in spleen, thymus and in the intestine when compared to wild-type mice. The increase in cd T cell numbers in PU.1-deficient mice is consistent in cd T cell subsets identified by TCR variable regions. PU.1-deficient cd T cells demonstrate greater proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions/Significance: The increase of cd T cell numbers in Lck-Cre deleter strains, where deletion occurs after PU.1 expression is diminished, as well as the observation that PU.1-deficient cd T cells have greater proliferative responses than wild type cells, suggests that PU.1 effects are not developmental but rather at the level of homeostasis. Thus, our data
Rukhsana Jabeen; Hua-chen Chang; Ritobrata Goswami; Stephen L. Nutt; Mark H. Kaplan
Knowledge Elecitation for Factors Affecting Taskforce Productivity using a Questionnaire
In this paper we present the process of Knowledge Elicitation through a structured questionnaire technique. This is an effort to depict a problem domain as Investigation of factors affecting taskforce productivity. The problem has to be solved using the expert system technology. This problem is the very first step how to acquire knowledge from the domain experts. Knowledge Elicitation is one of the difficult tasks in knowledge base formation which is a key component of expert system. The questionnaire was distributed among 105 different domain experts of Public and Private Organizations (i.e. Education Institutions, Industries and Research etc) in Pakistan. A total 61 responses from these experts were received. All the experts were well qualified, highly experienced and has been remained the members for selection committees a number of times for different posts. Facts acquired were analyzed from which knowledge was extracted and elicited. A standard shape was given to the questionnaire for further research as a knowledge learning tool. This tool may be used as a standard document for selection and promotion of employees.
Muhammad Sohail; Abdur Rashid Khan
Nucleon Form Factors and Hidden Symmetry in Holographic QCD
The vector dominance of the electromagnetic form factors both for mesons and baryons arises naturally in holographic QCD, where both the number of colors and the 't Hooft coupling are taken to be very large, offering a bona-fide derivation of the notion of vector dominance. The crucial ingredient for this is the infinite tower of vector mesons in the approximations made which share features that are characteristic of the quenched approximation in lattice QCD. We approximate the infinite sum by contributions from the lowest four vector mesons of the tower which turn out to saturate the charge and magnetic moment sum rules within a few percent and compute them totally free of unknown parameters for momentum transfers Q^2 less than 1GeV^2. We identify certain observables that can be reliably computed within the approximations and others that are not, and discuss how the improvement of the latter can enable one to bring holographic QCD closer to QCD proper.
Deog Ki Hong; Mannque Rho; Ho-Ung Yee; Piljin Yi
Nucleon form factors and hidden symmetry in holographic QCD
The vector dominance of the electromagnetic form factors both for mesons and baryons arises naturally in holographic QCD, where both the number of colors and the 't Hooft coupling are taken to be very large, offering a bona-fide derivation of the notion of vector dominance. The crucial ingredient for this is the infinite tower of vector mesons in the approximations made which share features that are characteristic of the quenched approximation in lattice QCD. We approximate the infinite sum by contributions from the lowest four vector mesons of the tower which turn out to saturate the charge and magnetic moment sum rules within a few percent and compute them totally free of unknown parameters for momentum transfers Q{sup 2} < or approx. 1 GeV{sup 2}. We identify certain observables that can be reliably computed within the approximations and others that are not, and discuss how the improvement of the latter can enable one to bring holographic QCD closer to QCD proper.
Hong, Deog Ki [Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735 (Korea, Republic of); Rho, Mannque [Service de Physique Theorique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Yee, Ho-Ung [School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722 (Korea, Republic of); Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34014, Trieste (Italy); Yi, Piljin [School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722 (Korea, Republic of)
Highly Efficient Small Form Factor LED Retrofit Lamp
This report summarizes work to develop a high efficiency LED-based MR16 lamp downlight at OSRAM SYLVANIA under US Department of Energy contract DE-EE0000611. A new multichip LED package, electronic driver, and reflector optic were developed for these lamps. At steady-state, the lamp luminous flux was 409 lumens (lm), luminous efficacy of 87 lumens per watt (LPW), CRI (Ra) of 87, and R9 of 85 at a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3285K. The LED alone achieved 120 lumens per watt efficacy and 600 lumen flux output at 25 C. The driver had 90% electrical conversion efficiency while maintaining excellent power quality with power factor >0.90 at a power of only 5 watts. Compared to similar existing MR16 lamps using LED sources, these lamps had much higher efficacy and color quality. The objective of this work was to demonstrate a LED-based MR16 retrofit lamp for replacement of 35W halogen MR16 lamps having (1) luminous flux of 500 lumens, (2) luminous efficacy of 100 lumens per watt, (3) beam angle less than 40{sup o} and center beam candlepower of at least 1000 candelas, and (4) excellent color quality.
Steven Allen; Fred Palmer; Ming Li
FORM FACTORS FOR RADIATIVE PION AND KAON DECAYS Updated August
August August 2009 by W. Bertl (Paul Scherrer Inst.) The radiative decays, ŽĆ ┬▒ ŌåÆ l ┬▒ ╬Į╬│ and K ┬▒ ŌåÆ l ┬▒ ╬Į╬│, with l standing for an e or a ┬Ą, and ╬│ for a real or virtual photon (e + e - pair), provide a powerful tool to investigate the hadronic structure of pions and kaons. The structure-dependent part SD i of the amplitude describes the emission of photons from virtual hadronic states, and is parametrized in terms of form factors F i , with i = V, A (vector, axial vector), in the standard description [1,2]. Exotic, non-standard contributions like i = T, S (tensor, scalar) have also been considered, and we shall discuss them below. Apart from the SD terms, the decay amplitude depends also on Inner Bremsstrahlung IB from the weak decay ŽĆ ┬▒ (K ┬▒ ) ŌåÆ l ┬▒ ╬Į accompanied by the photon radiated from the external charged particles. Naturally, experiments try to optimize their kinematics so as to minimize
Major Risk Factors Integrated Facility Disposition Project - Oak Ridge
O O O f f f f i i c c e e o o f f E E n n v v i i r r o o n n m m e e n n t t a a l l M M a a n n a a g g e e m m e e n n t t ( ( E E M M ) ) E E n n g g i i n n e e e e r r i i n n g g a a n n d d T T e e c c h h n n o o l l o o g g y y External Technical Review (ETR) Report Major Risk Factors Integrated Facility Disposition Project (IFDP) Oak Ridge, TN AUGUST 1, 2008 Acknowledgement The External Technical Review of the Integrated Facility Disposition Project was conducted simultaneous to other assessments and visits. The ETR Team wishes to note the outstanding support received from all parties involved in the review, including the DOE Oak Ridge Office, the National Nuclear Security Administration Y-12 Site Office, UT-Battelle, B&W Y-12, and the Professional Project Services, Inc. (Pro2Serve). The ETR Team feels compelled to note, and
Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) | Open Energy
of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) Focus Area: Clean Transportation Topics: Policy, Deployment, & Program Impact Website: www.hbefa.net/e/index.html Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/handbook-emission-factors-road-transp Language: "English,French,German" is not in the list of possible values (Abkhazian, Achinese, Acoli, Adangme, Adyghe; Adygei, Afar, Afrihili, Afrikaans, Afro-Asiatic languages, Ainu, Akan, Akkadian, Albanian, Aleut, Algonquian languages, Altaic languages, Amharic, Angika, Apache languages, Arabic, Aragonese, Arapaho, Arawak, Armenian, Aromanian; Arumanian; Macedo-Romanian, Artificial languages, Assamese, Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese, Athapascan languages, Australian languages, Austronesian languages, Avaric, Avestan, Awadhi, Aymara, Azerbaijani, Balinese, Baltic languages, Baluchi, Bambara, Bamileke languages, Banda languages, Bantu (Other), Basa, Bashkir, Basque, Batak languages, Beja; Bedawiyet, Belarusian, Bemba, Bengali, Berber languages, Bhojpuri, Bihari languages, Bikol, Bini; Edo, Bislama, Blin; Bilin, Blissymbols; Blissymbolics; Bliss, Bosnian, Braj, Breton, Buginese, Bulgarian, Buriat, Burmese, Caddo, Catalan; Valencian, Caucasian languages, Cebuano, Celtic languages, Central American Indian languages, Central Khmer, Chagatai, Chamic languages, Chamorro, Chechen, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chibcha, Chichewa; Chewa; Nyanja, Chinese, Chinook jargon, Chipewyan; Dene Suline, Choctaw, Chuukese, Chuvash, Classical Newari; Old Newari; Classical Nepal Bhasa, Classical Syriac, Coptic, Cornish, Corsican, Cree, Creek, Creoles and pidgins , Crimean Tatar; Crimean Turkish, Croatian, Cushitic languages, Czech, Dakota, Danish, Dargwa, Delaware, Dinka, Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian, Dogri, Dogrib, Dravidian languages, Duala, Dutch; Flemish, Dyula, Dzongkha, Eastern Frisian, Efik, Egyptian (Ancient), Ekajuk, Elamite, English, Erzya, Esperanto, Estonian, Ewe, Ewondo, Fang, Fanti, Faroese, Fijian, Filipino; Pilipino, Finnish, Finno-Ugrian languages, Fon, French, Friulian, Fulah, Ga, Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic, Galibi Carib, Galician, Ganda, Gayo, Gbaya, Geez, Georgian, German, Germanic languages, Gilbertese, Gondi, Gorontalo, Gothic, Grebo, Greek, Modern, Guarani, Gujarati, Gwich'in, Haida, Haitian; Haitian Creole, Hausa, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Herero, Hiligaynon, Himachali languages; Western Pahari languages, Hindi, Hiri Motu, Hittite, Hmong; Mong, Hungarian, Hupa, Iban, Icelandic, Ido, Igbo, Ijo languages, Iloko, Inari Sami, Indic languages, Indo-European languages, Indonesian, Ingush, Interlingue; Occidental, Inuktitut, Inupiaq, Iranian languages, Irish, Iroquoian languages, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persian, Kabardian, Kabyle, Kachin; Jingpho, Kalaallisut; Greenlandic, Kalmyk; Oirat, Kamba, Kannada, Kanuri, Kara-Kalpak, Karachay-Balkar, Karelian, Karen languages, Kashmiri, Kashubian, Kawi, Kazakh, Khasi, Khoisan languages, Khotanese; Sakan, Kikuyu; Gikuyu, Kimbundu, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz; Kyrgyz, Klingon; tlhIngan-Hol, Komi, Kongo, Konkani, Korean, Kosraean, Kpelle, Kru languages, Kuanyama; Kwanyama, Kumyk, Kurdish, Kurukh, Kutenai, Ladino, Lahnda, Lamba, Land Dayak languages, Lao, Latin, Latvian, Lezghian, Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish, Lingala, Lithuanian, Lojban, Lower Sorbian, Lozi, Luba-Katanga, Luba-Lulua, Luiseno, Lule Sami, Lunda, Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), Lushai, Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch, Macedonian, Madurese, Magahi, Maithili, Makasar, Malagasy, Malay, Malayalam, Maltese, Manchu, Mandar, Mandingo, Manipuri, Manobo languages, Manx, Maori, Mapudungun; Mapuche, Marathi, Mari, Marshallese, Marwari, Masai, Mayan languages, Mende, Mi'kmaq; Micmac, Minangkabau, Mirandese, Mohawk, Moksha, Mon-Khmer languages, Mongo, Mongolian, Mossi, Multiple languages, Munda languages, N'Ko, Nahuatl languages, Nauru, Navajo; Navaho, Ndebele, North; North Ndebele, Ndebele, South; South Ndebele, Ndonga, Neapolitan, Nepal Bhasa; Newari, Nepali, Nias, Niger-Kordofanian languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Niuean, North American Indian languages, Northern Frisian, Northern Sami, Norwegian, Nubian languages, Nyamwezi, Nyankole, Nyoro, Nzima, Occitan (post 1500); ProvenŌłÜ├¤al, Ojibwa, Oriya, Oromo, Osage, Ossetian; Ossetic, Otomian languages, Pahlavi, Palauan, Pali, Pampanga; Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Panjabi; Punjabi, Papiamento, Papuan languages, Pedi; Sepedi; Northern Sotho, Persian, Philippine languages, Phoenician, Pohnpeian, Polish, Portuguese, Prakrit languages, Pushto; Pashto, Quechua, Rajasthani, Rapanui, Rarotongan; Cook Islands Maori, Romance languages, Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan, Romansh, Romany, Rundi, Russian, Salishan languages, Samaritan Aramaic, Sami languages, Samoan, Sandawe, Sango, Sanskrit, Santali, Sardinian, Sasak, Scots, Selkup, Semitic languages, Serbian, Serer, Shan, Shona, Sichuan Yi; Nuosu, Sicilian, Sidamo, Sign Languages, Siksika, Sindhi, Sinhala; Sinhalese, Sino-Tibetan languages, Siouan languages, Skolt Sami, Slave (Athapascan), Slavic languages, Slovak, Slovenian, Sogdian, Somali, Songhai languages, Soninke, Sorbian languages, Sotho, Southern, South American Indian (Other), Southern Altai, Southern Sami, Spanish; Castilian, Sranan Tongo, Sukuma, Sumerian, Sundanese, Susu, Swahili, Swati, Swedish, Swiss German; Alemannic; Alsatian, Syriac, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tai languages, Tajik, Tamashek, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Tereno, Tetum, Thai, Tibetan, Tigre, Tigrinya, Timne, Tiv, Tlingit, Tok Pisin, Tokelau, Tonga (Nyasa), Tonga (Tonga Islands), Tsimshian, Tsonga, Tswana, Tumbuka, Tupi languages, Turkish, Turkmen, Tuvalu, Tuvinian, Twi, Udmurt, Ugaritic, Uighur; Uyghur, Ukrainian, Umbundu, Uncoded languages, Undetermined, Upper Sorbian, Urdu, Uzbek, Vai, Venda, Vietnamese, VolapŌłÜ┬║k, Votic, Wakashan languages, Walamo, Walloon, Waray, Washo, Welsh, Western Frisian, Wolof, Xhosa, Yakut, Yao, Yapese, Yiddish, Yoruba, Yupik languages, Zande languages, Zapotec, Zaza; Dimili; Dimli; Kirdki; Kirmanjki; Zazaki, Zenaga, Zhuang; Chuang, Zulu, Zuni) for this property.
Analysis of a Splice Array Experiment Elucidates Roles of Chromatin Elongation Factor Spt4-5 in Splicing
Elucidates Roles of Chromatin Elongation Factor Spt4-5 incapping enzyme, and the chromatin elongation factors Spt4-5,found evidence that the chromatin elongation factors, Spt4
Xiao, Yuanyuan; Yang, Yee Hwa; Burckin, Todd A; Shiue, Lily; Hartzog, Grant A; Segal, Mark R
Calculation of extremity neutron fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors
Neutron fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors are calculated for three types of finger and wrist extremity phantoms: (1) the polymethyl methacrylate models specified by the U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program for Personnel Dosimetry Systems (DOELAP); (2) the tissue-and-bone phantoms suggested by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; and (3) the Radiology Support Devices (RSD) Inc. RS-122T an-n/shoulder phantom. Extremity factors are determined at shallow surface and bone levels for bare, D20moderated and polyethylene moderated 112Cf. The DOELAP free-field calibration geometry and a realistic glovebox scenario are simulated using a Monte Carlo neutron and photon transport code. Calculated DOELAP and RSD extremity fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors for the free-field calibration geometry are 1 to 9 percent lower than the calculated whole-body conversion factor. The tissue-and-bone phantoms exhibit conversion factors 1 to 10 percent greater than the whole-body factor. Glovebox fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors range from 12 percent less than to 128 percent greater than calculated free-field whole-body conversion factors. A preliminary evaluation of the application of the calculated fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors to Los Alamos National Laboratory extremity dosimeter correction factors is performed.
Wood-Zika, Annmarie Ruth
The effects of transcription factor competition on gene regulation
Transcription factor (TF) molecules translocate by facilitated diffusion (a combination of 3D diffusion around and 1D random walk on the DNA). Despite the attention this mechanism received in the last 40 years, only a few studies investigated the influence of the cellular environment on the facilitated diffusion mechanism and, in particular, the influence of `other' DNA binding proteins competing with the TF molecules for DNA space. Molecular crowding on the DNA is likely to influence the association rate of TFs to their target site and the steady state occupancy of those sites, but it is still not clear how it influences the search in a genome-wide context, when the model includes biologically relevant parameters (such as: TF abundance, TF affinity for DNA and TF dynamics on the DNA). We performed stochastic simulations of TFs performing the facilitated diffusion mechanism, and considered various abundances of cognate and non-cognate TFs. We show that, for both obstacles that move on the DNA and obstacles that are fixed on the DNA, changes in search time are not statistically significant in case of biologically relevant crowding levels on the DNA. In the case of non-cognate proteins that slide on the DNA, molecular crowding on the DNA always leads to statistically significant lower levels of occupancy, which may confer a general mechanism to control gene activity levels globally. When the `other' molecules are immobile on the DNA, we found a completely different behaviour, namely: the occupancy of the target site is always increased by higher molecular crowding on the DNA. Finally, we show that crowding on the DNA may increase transcriptional noise through increased variability of the occupancy time of the target sites.
Nicolae Radu Zabet; Boris Adryan
Applying Human Factors during the SIS Life Cycle
Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) are widely used in U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) nonreactor nuclear facilities for safety-critical applications. Although use of the SIS technology and computer-based digital controls, can improve performance and safety, it potentially introduces additional complexities, such as failure modes that are not readily detectable. Either automated actions or manual (operator) actions may be required to complete the safety instrumented function to place the process in a safe state or mitigate a hazard in response to an alarm or indication. DOE will issue a new standard, Application of Safety Instrumented Systems Used at DOE Nonreactor Nuclear Facilities, to provide guidance for the design, procurement, installation, testing, maintenance, operation, and quality assurance of SIS used in safety significant functions at DOE nonreactor nuclear facilities. The DOE standard focuses on utilizing the process industry consensus standard, American National Standards Institute/ International Society of Automation (ANSI/ISA) 84.00.01, Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector, to support reliable SIS design throughout the DOE complex. SIS design must take into account human-machine interfaces and their limitations and follow good human factors engineering (HFE) practices. HFE encompasses many diverse areas (e.g., information display, user-system interaction, alarm management, operator response, control room design, and system maintainability), which affect all aspects of system development and modification. This paper presents how the HFE processes and principles apply throughout the SIS life cycle to support the design and use of SIS at DOE nonreactor nuclear facilities.
Avery, K.
Sociopsychological factors affecting the human response to noise exposure
Community noise is reported to be the most often mentioned undesirable neighborhood condition in a recent US Census survey. Understanding community response to noise involves the measurement of a number of complex acoustic and nonacoustic variables and establishing the chain of relationships between physical exposure, perception, annoyance, and acceptability responses and finally complaint behavior. The perceived loudness of a noise is the most important acoustic parameter influencing annoyance and complaints, and the simple dBA unit can be used to integrate spectral characteristics of complex sounds in community studies. Although energy averaging such as Leq or Ldn can be used to describe multiple noise exposures over time, the variable trade-off relationships between number and level of exposures are somewhat obscured by such summary measures. However, they are still the best available descriptors and, until more accurate ones are developed, can be used to measure community noise environments. Perception of an identical noise exposure can vary according to the physiological noise sensitivity of a person and the activity context in which the noise is heard. Although the acoustic quality of the noise itself usually explains about 10 to 25 per cent of the variability in annoyance responses, sociopsychological variables measured in field studies account for 35 to 50 per cent of the variations in human annoyance responses. Three of the most important nonacoustic factors are the connotative fear effects of the noise signal, the feeling that those responsible for the noise are misfeasant in not reducing the noise, and the feeling that harmful health effects are produced by the noise.
Borsky, P.N.
Human Factors Considerations in New Nuclear Power Plants: Detailed Analysis.
This Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) sponsored study has identified human-performance issues in new and advanced nuclear power plants. To identify the issues, current industry developments and trends were evaluated in the areas of reactor technology, instrumentation and control technology, human-system integration technology, and human factors engineering (HFE) methods and tools. The issues were organized into seven high-level HFE topic areas: Role of Personnel and Automation, Staffing and Training, Normal Operations Management, Disturbance and Emergency Management, Maintenance and Change Management, Plant Design and Construction, and HFE Methods and Tools. The issues where then prioritized into four categories using a 'Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table' methodology based on evaluations provided by 14 independent subject matter experts. The subject matter experts were knowledgeable in a variety of disciplines. Vendors, utilities, research organizations and regulators all participated. Twenty issues were categorized into the top priority category. This Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) technical report provides the detailed methodology, issue analysis, and results. A summary of the results of this study can be found in NUREG/CR-6947. The research performed for this project has identified a large number of human-performance issues for new control stations and new nuclear power plant designs. The information gathered in this project can serve as input to the development of a long-term strategy and plan for addressing human performance in these areas through regulatory research. Addressing human-performance issues will provide the technical basis from which regulatory review guidance can be developed to meet these challenges. The availability of this review guidance will help set clear expectations for how the NRC staff will evaluate new designs, reduce regulatory uncertainty, and provide a well-defined path to new nuclear power plant licensing.
OHara,J.; Higgins, J.; Brown, W.; Fink, R.
Shape factor, C /SUB A/ , expressed as skin, S /SUB CA/
This work presents the conversion of the shape factor, C /SUB A/ , to a pseudosteady-state skin term, S /SUB CA/ . When the shape factor is expressed as a skin term, it becomes easier to see the effect that a well placement in a given drainage area will have on the well's performance. Skin factors for published drainage shapes and well locations are given.
Fetkovich, M.J.; Vienot, M.E.
Key Response Planning Factors for the Aftermath of Nuclear Terrorism
Despite hundreds of above-ground nuclear tests and data gathered from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the effects of a ground-level, low-yield nuclear detonation in a modern urban environment are still the subject of considerable scientific debate. Extensive review of nuclear weapon effects studies and discussions with nuclear weapon effects experts from various federal agencies, national laboratories, and technical organizations have identified key issues and bounded some of the unknowns required to support response planning for a low-yield, ground-level nuclear detonation in a modern U.S. city. This study, which is focused primarily upon the hazards posed by radioactive fallout, used detailed fallout predictions from the advanced suite of three-dimensional (3-D) meteorology and plume/fallout models developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), including extensive global Key Response Planning Factors for the Aftermath of Nuclear Terrorism geographical and real-time meteorological databases to support model calculations. This 3-D modeling system provides detailed simulations that account for complex meteorology and terrain effects. The results of initial modeling and analysis were presented to federal, state, and local working groups to obtain critical, broad-based review and feedback on strategy and messaging. This effort involved a diverse set of communities, including New York City, National Capitol Regions, Charlotte, Houston, Portland, and Los Angeles. The largest potential for reducing casualties during the post-detonation response phase comes from reducing exposure to fallout radiation. This can be accomplished through early, adequate sheltering followed by informed, delayed evacuation.B The response challenges to a nuclear detonation must be solved through multiple approaches of public education, planning, and rapid response actions. Because the successful response will require extensive coordination of a large number of organizations, supplemented by appropriate responses by local responders and the general population within the hazard zones, regional planning is essential to success. The remainder of this Executive Summary provides summary guidance for response planning in three areas: (1) Public Protection Strategy details the importance of early, adequate shelter followed by informed evacuation. (2) Responder Priorities identify how to protect response personnel, perform regional situational assessment, and support public safety. (3) Key Planning Considerations refute common myths and provide important information on planning how to respond in the aftermath of nuclear terrorism.
Buddemeier, B R; Dillon, M B
Strangeness contribution to the vector and axial form factors of the nucleon
The strangeness contribution to the vector and axial form factors of the nucleon is presented for momentum transfers in the range $0.45Lab, and elastic $\
S. F. Pate; G. A. MacLachlan; D. W. McKee; V. Papavassiliou
Factors contributing to academic performance of students in a private university in Kenya.
??This study aimed at identifying the models that best explain the student-related factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. Students'ģ (more)
Karimi, Florah K.
Factors superintendents consider when making the decision between commercially developed curriculum or locally developed curriculum.
??This study examined the factors superintendents consider when making the decision between commercially developed curriculum or locally developed curriculum. This study was guided by threeģ (more)
Veazey, Lana Kay
ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Factors and Their Roles in Affecting Nucleosome Fiber Composition
Abstract: ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors of the SNF2 family are key components of the cellular machineries that shape and regulate chromatin structure and function. Members of this group of proteins have broad and heterogeneous functions ranging from controlling gene activity, facilitating DNA damage repair, promoting homologous recombination to maintaining genomic stability. Several chromatin remodeling factors are critical components of nucleosome assembly processes, and recent reports have identified specific functions of distinct chromatin remodeling factors in the assembly of variant histones into chromatin. In this review we will discuss the specific roles of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors in determining nucleosome composition and, thus, chromatin fiber properties.
Paolo Piatti; Anette Zeilner; Ra Lusser
Soluble/Shed Factors Released from Skin Cells Following Low Dose...
SolubleShed Factors Released from Skin Cells Following Low Dose Irradiation Exposure David Springer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Abstract The purpose of this work is to...
contractual, energy and market-related characteristics. Alocal-level wholesale energy market price dynamics and localexpenses, and energy factor market inputs. In a companion
Factors to be Considered for Selection and Design of Rupture Disc
All over the world numerous fatalities and large property losses have taken place because of Industrial Explosions. In order to mitigate the losses of life and property due to overpressure rupture discs are used. Successful implementation would depend on many factors and one of the important factors is the selection and design of rupture discs. There are several factors that affect the disc performance. The present paper discusses the factors that effect the disc performance so that the right type of disc can be selected. (authors)
Murty, D.V.R.; Bhaskar Rao, Y. [Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (India); Chennakeshava Reddy, A. [Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (India)
FCV Learning Demonstration: First-Generation Vehicle Results and Factors Affecting Fuel Cell Degradation (Presentation)
Presentaion on the FCV Learning Demonstration and factors affecting fuel cell degradation given at the Fuel Cell Seminar on October 17, 2007 in San Antonio, TX.
Wipke, K.; Sprik, S.; Kurtz, J.; Thomas, H.; Garbak, J.
Analysis, design, and experiments of a high-power-factor electronic ballast
A charge pump power-factor-correction (CPPFC) converter is first derived, and its unity power factor condition is then reviewed. A single-stage power-factor-correction electronic ballast using the charge pump concept is analyzed. The design criteria are derived to optimize the electronic ballast based on the steady-state analysis. Constant lamp power operations associated with its control are also discussed. Large signal simulation and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis. It is shown that the designed electronic ballast has 0.995 power factor and 5% total harmonic distortion (THD) with lamp power variation within {+-}15% when the line input voltage changes {+-}10%.
Qian, J.; Lee, F.C. [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA (United States); Yamauchi, T. [Matsushita Electric Works, Inc., Woburn, MA (United States)
"1. Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Stationary Combustion1"
Fuel Emission Factors" Fuel Emission Factors" "(From Appendix H of the instructions to Form EIA-1605)" "1. Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Stationary Combustion1" "Fuel ",,"Emission Factor ",,"Units" "Coal2" "Anthracite",,103.69,,"kg CO2 / MMBtu" "Bituminous",,93.28,,"kg CO2 / MMBtu" "Sub-bituminous",,97.17,,"kg CO2 / MMBtu" "Lignite",,97.72,,"kg CO2 / MMBtu" "Electric Power Sector",,95.52,,"kg CO2 / MMBtu" "Industrial Coking",,93.71,,"kg CO2 / MMBtu" "Other Industrial",,93.98,,"kg CO2 / MMBtu" "Residential/Commercial",,95.35,,"kg CO2 / MMBtu" "Natural Gas3"
IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings TUNA PRICE IN RELATION TO ECONOMIC FACTORS AND SEA SURFACE
IIFET 2004 Japan Proceedings 1 TUNA PRICE IN RELATION TO ECONOMIC FACTORS AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN FRESH TUNA MARKET Minling Pan, National Marine Fisheries Services, email@example.com Samuel the main factors that affected seasonal variation of fresh tuna price through a statistical approach
Operator splitting implicit integration factor methods for stiff reaction-diffusion-advection systems
For reaction-diffusion-advection equations, the stiffness from the reaction and diffusion terms often requires very restricted time step size, while the nonlinear advection term may lead to a sharp gradient in localized spatial regions. It is challenging ... Keywords: Compact implicit integration factor methods, Implicit integration factor methods, Operator splitting, Reaction-diffusion-advection equations, Weighted essentially non-oscillatory methods
Su Zhao; Jeremy Ovadia; Xinfeng Liu; Yong-Tao Zhang; Qing Nie
The Determination of Sky View-Factors in Urban Environments Using Video Imagery
A technique is described whereby sky view-factors may be determined using a video camera equipped with a fish-eye lens. The video image is digitized and then analyzed to distinguish between ōskyö and ōnon-skyö pixels. View-factors are calculated ...
D. G. Steyn; J. E. Hay; Ian D. Watson; Glenn T. Johnson
Heat-shock sigma factor RpoH from Geobacter sulfurreducens
Heat-shock sigma factor RpoH from Geobacter sulfurreducens Toshiyuki Ueki and Derek R. Lovley xanthus have suggested that homologues of the Escherichia coli heat-shock sigma factor, RpoH, may not be involved in the heat-shock response in this d-proteobacterium. The genome of another d
Lovley, Derek
A hazard analysis of human factors in safety-critical systems engineering
Safety incident studies often cite human factors as a major cause of accidents. At Bhopal in 1984 human error - the failure to follow safe operating procedures - instigated the deaths of thousands of people from cyanide poisoning. In this case, human ... Keywords: EN50128, IEC 61508, human factors, safety-critical systems engineering
Les Chambers
Critical success factors in enterprise resource planning systems: Review of the last decade
Organizations perceive ERP as a vital tool for organizational competition as it integrates dispersed organizational systems and enables flawless transactions and production. This review examines studies investigating Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in ... Keywords: CSFs, Critical success factors, ERP, enterprise resource planning, information systems, literature review
Levi Shaul, Doron Tauber
Critical factors for the expansion of broadband in developing countries: The case of Peru
Many studies have been made on the diffusion and development of broadband, however there are few published studies on the critical factors for advancing broadband services in developing countries. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to understand and ... Keywords: Actor analysis, Broadband, Critical factors, Developing countries, Peru
Peter Yamakawa; Gloria Cadillo; RubķN Tornero
DYNAMIC FACTOR GRAPHS: A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR MULTIPLE FEATURES DATA FUSION Kittipat Kampa, Jose C and fusion are combined in the same framework. The new framework is built on 2 main ideas; 1) flexible segmentation and fusion with linear Gaussian model assumption. Index Terms-- dynamic factor graphs, sum
Slatton, Clint
Bayesian mixtures of common factor analyzers: Model, variational inference, and applications
Recently, a representative approach, named mixtures of common factor analyzers (MCFA), was proposed for clustering high-dimensional observed data. Existing model-parameter estimation methods for this approach is based on the maximum likelihood criterion ... Keywords: Bayesian mixtures of common factor analyzers, Clustering, Dimension reduction, Variational inference
Xin Wei, Chunguang Li
Prioritizing and Assessing Software Project Success Factors and Project Characteristics using Subjective Data
This paper presents a method for analyzing the impact software project factors have on project success as defined by project success factors that have been prioritized. It is relatively easy to collect measures of project attributes subjectively (i.e., ... Keywords: Project success, project assessment, subjective measures
Claes Wohlin; Anneliese Amschler Andrews
Dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure to photons and electrons
Dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure to photons and electrons have been calculated for approximately 500 radionuclides of potential importance in environmental radiological assessments. The dose-rate factors were obtained using the DOSFACTER computer code. The results given in this report incorporate calculation of electron dose-rate factors for radiosensitive tissues of the skin, improved estimates of organ dose-rate factors for photons, based on organ doses for monoenergetic sources at the body surface of an exposed individual, and the spectra of scattered photons in air from monoenergetic sources in an infinite, uniformly contaminated atmospheric cloud, calculation of dose-rate factors for other radionuclides in addition to those of interest in the nuclear fuel cycle, and incorporation of updated radioactive decay data for all radionuclides. Dose-rate factors are calculated for three exposure modes - immersion in contaminated air, immersion in contaminated water, and exposure at a height of 1 m above a contaminated ground surface. The report presents the equations used to calculate the external dose-rate factors for photons and electrons, documentation of the revised DOSFACTER computer code, and a complete tabulation of the calculated dose-rate factors. 30 refs., 12 figs.
Kocher, D.C.
Successful implementation factors for using computers in Iranian schools during one decade (1995-2005)
The main purpose of this paper is to identify factors and conditions that are important for successful Implementation of computers in Iranian schools during one decade from 1995 to 2005. The second focus of this paper is to examine how these factors ... Keywords: Country specific developments, Gender studies, Secondary education
Bibi Eshrat Zamani
2010 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting
. ELECTRICITY CONVERSION FACTORS (ANNEX 3) 10 Summary of changes since previous update 10 Direct Emissions from UK Grid Electricity 10 Indirect Emissions from UK Grid Electricity 13 IV. CONVERSION FACTORS Emissions from Passenger Cars 16 Direct Emissions from Taxis 23 Direct Emissions from Vans 24 Direct
An Examination of Tropical and Extratropical Gust Factors and the Associated Wind Speed Histograms
A gust factor, defined as the ratio between a peak wind gust and mean wind speed over a period of time, can be used along with other statistics to examine the structure of the wind. Gust factors are heavily dependent on upstream terrain ...
B. M. Paulsen; J. L. Schroeder
Emission Factors Handbook: Guidelines for Estimating Trace Substance Emissions from Fossil Fuel Steam Electric Plants
The "Emission Factors Handbook" provides a tool for estimating trace substances emissions from fossil-fuel-fired power plants. The suggested emission factors are based on EPRI and Department of Energy (DOE) field measurements conducted at over 50 power plants using generally consistent sampling and analytical protocols. This information will help utility personnel estimate air toxic emissions for permitting purposes.
The Araucaria Project : the Baade-Wesselink projection factor of pulsating stars
The projection factor used in the Baade-Wesselink methods of determining the distance of Cepheids makes the link between the stellar physics and the cosmological distance scale. A coherent picture of this physical quantity is now provided based on several approaches. We present the lastest news on the expected projection factor for different kinds of pulsating stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Nardetto, N; Gieren, W; Pietrzynski, G; Poretti, E
Directional Stress Indices and Stress Intensification Factors for 90 Degree Elbows (PWRMRP-06)
This report provides equations, based on analyses and test data, for determining the directional stress indices and stress intensification factors (SIFs) for 90 degree elbows. Present methodologies used to determine these parameters are generally overly conservative. The report contains results of an investigation into the stress intensification factors and directional stress indices of 90 degree elbows.
Mobile one-time passwords: two-factor authentication using mobile phones
Static password authentication has security drawbacks. In two-factor authentication (2FA,) each user carries a device, called token, to generate passwords that are valid only one time. 2FA based on one-time passwords (OTPs) provides improved protection ... Keywords: nested hashing chain, one-time password, two-factor authentication
Mohamed Hamdy Eldefrawy; Muhammad Khurram Khan; Khaled Alghathbar; Tai-Hoon Kim; Hassan Elkamchouchi
A 2D nearest-neighbor quantum architecture for factoring in polylogarithmic depth
We contribute a 2D nearest-neighbor quantum architecture for Shor's algorithm to factor an n-bit number in O(log3 n) depth. Our implementation uses parallel phase estimation, constant-depth fanout and teleportation, and constant-depth ... Keywords: Shor's algorithm, carry-save addition, nearest-neighbor, prime factorization, quantum architecture
Paul Pham, Krysta M. Svore
A Global Model of Technological Utilization Based on Governmental, Business-Investment, Social, and Economic Factors
This exploratory paper presents a conceptual model of the factors of governmental support and openness, business and technology investment, and socioeconomic level that are posited to influence technological utilization. The conceptual model and conjectures ... Keywords: Global Digital Divide, Government Investment, Societal Openness, Socioeconomic Factors, Structural Equation Modeling, Technological Utilization
James Pick; Rasool Azari
System analysis approach for the identification of factors driving crude oil prices
A system analysis approach is proposed to identify the main factors driving international crude oil prices by integrating a partial least squares model, an vector error correction model and the directed acyclic graph method. The different mechanisms ... Keywords: Crude oil price, DAG, Driving factors, Financial crisis, VECM
Qiang Ji
Nucleon form factors from high statistics mixed-action calculations with 2+1 flavors
We present new high-statistics results for nucleon form factors at pion masses of approximately 290, 350, 500, and 600 MeV using a mixed action of domain wall valence quarks on an improved staggered sea. We perform chiral fits to both vector and axial form factors and compare our results to experiment.
Schroers, Wolfram; Edwards, Robert G; Engelhardt, Michael; Fleming, George Taminga; Hagler, Philipp; Lin, Huey-Wen; Lin, Mei-Feng; Meyer, Harvey B; Musch, Bernhard; Negele, John W; Orginos, Kostas; Pochinsky, Andrew V; Procura, Massimiliano; Renner, Dru B; Richards, David G; Syritsyn, Sergey N
An european approach to the integrated management of human factors in aircraft maintenance: introducing the IMMS
Previous research in aviation maintenance has highlighted the need to understand normal practice in order to advance the potential impact of Human Factors and bring aviation to a new safety level. What to do with this information then is crucial. What ... Keywords: aviation maintenance, human factors lifecycle, operational process model
Marie Ward; Nick McDonald
A New Hybrid Approach for Analysis of Factors Affecting Crude Oil Price
In this paper, a new hybrid approach is presented to analyze factors affecting crude oil price using rough set and wavelet neural network. Related factors that affect crude oil price are found using text mining technique and Brent oil price is chosen ... Keywords: crude oil price, prediction, rough set, wavelet neural network
Wei Xu; Jue Wang; Xun Zhang; Wen Zhang; Shouyang Wang
A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects in former Yugoslavia IT companies
Determining the factors that have an influence on the success of the software development projects has been the focus of extensive research for more than 30 years. In recent years agile methodology of software development has become the dominant one ... Keywords: Agile methods, Critical success factors, Software development
Dragan Stankovic, Vesna Nikolic, Miodrag Djordjevic, Dac-Buu Cao
Computation of the split factor of earth fault currents by considering the proximity effects
To determine a safe substation grounding grid in power systems, it is important to compute the split factor for earth fault current including the proximity influences among the grid and the earthing systems of the incoming/outgoing transmission lines' ... Keywords: earth fault currents, grounding grid design, proximity effects, split factor, touch and step voltages
N. Ramezani; S. M. Shahrtash
Trust factors influencing the adoption of internet-based interorganizational systems
This study aims to empirically examine the trust factors that affect the adoption of Internet-based interorganizational systems (IIOS). A trust model with five trust factors is constructed. The model is tested using data gathered from 295 practitioners. ... Keywords: Electronic supply chain management, Information systems, Internet-based interorganizational systems, Trust
Ivan K. W. Lai; Viny W. L. Tong; Donny C. F. Lai
Critical success factors for successful implementation of enterprise resource planning systems in manufacturing organisations
This study examines the impact of the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) on the successful implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in Malaysian manufacturing organisations. The ERP system is an integrated package of ... Keywords: ERP implementation, Malaysia, business information systems, critical success factors, enterprise resource planning, implementation success, manufacturing organisations, moderating effect, organisational resistance, pre-determined goals, resistance to change, user satisfaction
T. Ramayah; Matthew H. Roy; Sawaridass Arokiasamy; Imad Zbib; Zafar U. Ahmed
High-Performance Computing Acquisitions Based on the Factors that Matter
The US Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program has developed an evaluation process that combines qualitative usability factors with quantitative performance and price-per-performance factors to determine which HPC systems to acquire in its annual modernization process.
Larry P. Davis; Roy L. Campbell, Jr.; William A. Ward, Jr.; Cray J. Henry
High Quality Factor Silicon Cantilever Driven by PZT Actuator for Resonant Based Mass Detection
A high quality factor (Q-factor) piezoelectric lead zirconat titanate (PZT) actuated single crystal silicon cantilever was proposed in this paper for resonant based ultra-sensitive mass detection. Energy dissipation from intrinsic mechanical loss of the PZT film was successfully compressed by separating the PZT actuator from resonant structure. Excellent Q-factor, which is several times larger than conventional PZT cantilever, was achieved under both atmospheric pressure and reduced pressures. For a 30 micrometer-wide 100 micrometer-long cantilever, Q-factor was measured as high as 1113 and 7279 under the pressure of 101.2 KPa and 35 Pa, respectively. Moreover, it was found that high-mode vibration can be realized by the cantilever for the pursuit of great Q-factor, while support loss became significant because of the increased vibration amplitude at the actuation point. An optimized structure using node-point actuation was suggested then to suppress corresponding energy dissipation.
Lu, Jian; Zhang, Yi; Mihara, Takashi; Itoh, Toshihiro; Maeda, Ryutaro
An experimental survey of the factors that affect leaching from low-level radioactive waste forms
This report represents the results of an experimental survey of the factors that affect leaching from several types of solidified low-level radioactive waste forms. The goal of these investigations was to determine those factors that accelerate leaching without changing its mechanism(s). Typically, although not in every case,the accelerating factors include: increased temperature, increased waste loading (i.e., increased waste to binder ratio), and decreased size (i.e., decreased waste form volume to surface area ratio). Additional factors that were studied were: increased leachant volume to waste form surface area ratio, pH, leachant composition (groundwaters, natural and synthetic chelating agents), leachant flow rate or replacement frequency and waste form porosity and surface condition. Other potential factors, including the radiation environment and pressure, were omitted based on a survey of the literature. 82 refs., 236 figs., 13 tabs.
Dougherty, D.R.; Pietrzak, R.F.; Fuhrmann, M.; Colombo, P.
Human factors evaluation of teletherapy: Training and organizational analysis. Volume 4
A series of human factors evaluations were undertaken to better understand the contributing factors to human error in the teletherapy environment. Teletherapy is a multidisciplinary methodology for treating cancerous tissue through selective exposure to an external beam of ionizing radiation. A team of human factors specialists, assisted by a panel of radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists, conducted site visits to radiation oncology departments at community hospitals, university centers, and free-standing clinics. A function and task analysis was initially performed to guide subsequent evaluations in the areas of system-user interfaces, procedures, training and qualifications, and organizational policies and practices. The present work focuses solely on training and qualifications of personnel (e.g., training received before and during employment), and the potential impact of organizational factors on the performance of teletherapy. Organizational factors include such topics as adequacy of staffing, performance evaluations, commonly occurring errors, implementation of quality assurance programs, and organizational climate.
Henriksen, K.; Kaye, R.D.; Jones, R. [Hughes Training, Inc., Falls Church, VA (United States); Morisseau, D.S.; Serig, D.I. [Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC (United States). Div. of Systems Technology
Current-source charge-pump power-factor-correction electronic ballast
A current-source charge-pump power-factor-correction (CS-CPPFC) electronic ballast is presented in this paper. Unity-power-factor condition and principle of operation using the CP concept are derived and analyzed. Based on the steady-state analysis, the design considerations are discussed in detail. It is shown that the power switch only deals with the resonant load current, which is the same as in the two-stage approach so that small-current rating devices can be used. The developed CS-CPPFC electronic ballast can save one inductor and has a potentially low cost. The CS-CP electronic ballast with switching frequency modulation to improve crest factor is developed, implemented, and tested. It is shown that 0.99 power factor, 11.3% total harmonic distortion (THD), and 1.54 crest factor can be achieved for 85-W fluorescent lamps.
Qian, J.; Lee, F.C.Y. [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA (United States); Yamauchi, Tokushi [Matsushita Electric Works, Inc., Woburn, MA (United States)
$?^{*}N?$ Form Factors from a Relativistic Dynamical Model of Pion Electroproduction
We obtain the electromagnetic form factors of the $\\gamma N\\Delta$ transition by analyzing recent pion-electroproduction data using a fully relativistic dynamical model. Special care is taken to satisfy Ward-Takahashi identities for the Born term in the presence of form factors thereby allowing the use of realistic electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon and pion. We parametrize the $Q^2$ dependence of the {\\it bare} $\\gamma N \\Delta$ form factors by a three-parameter form which is consistent with the asymptotic behavior inferred from QCD. The parameters of the bare $\\gamma N \\Delta$ form factors are the only free parameters of the model and are fitted to the differential cross-section and multipole-analysis data up to $Q^2=4$ (GeV/c)$^2$ in the $\\Delta(1232)$-resonance region. This analysis emphasizes the significance of the pion-cloud effects in the extraction of the resonance parameters.
G. L. Caia; V. Pascalutsa; J. A. Tjon; L. E. Wright
The nucleon elastic electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities needed for an understanding of nucleon and nuclear electromagnetic structure. The evolution of the Sachs electric and magnetic form factors with Q2, the square of the four-momentum transfer, is related to the distribution of charge and magnetization within the nucleon. High precision measurements of the nucleon form factors are essential for stringent tests of our current theoretical understanding of confinement within the nucleon. Measurements of the neutron form factors, in particular, those of the neutron electric form factor, have been notoriously difficult due to the lack of a free neutron target and the vanishing integral charge of the neutron. Indeed, a precise measurement of the neutron electric form factor has eluded experimentalists for decades; however, with the advent of high duty-factor polarized electron beam facilities, experiments employing polarization degrees of freedom have finally yielded the first precise measurements of this fundamental quantity. Following a general overview of the experimental and theoretical status of the nucleon form factors, a detailed description of an experiment designed to extract the neutron electric form factor from measurements of the neutron's recoil polarization in quasielastic 2H(e, e')1H scattering is presented. The experiment described here employed the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility's longitudinally polarized electron beam, a magnetic spectrometer for detection of the scattered electron, and a neutron polarimeter designed specifically for this experiment. Measurements were conducted at three Q2 values of 0.45, 1.13, and 1.45 (GeV/c)2, and the final results extracted from an analysis of the data acquired in this experiment are reported and compared with recent theoretical predictions for the nucleon form factors.
Bradley Plaster
Factors affecting the permanence of livestock projects undertaken by Heifer International-Mexico
Heifer International-Mexico (HI-M), a hunger-relieving non-profit organization, collaborates with the Direccin? General de Educacin? Tecnolg?ica Agropecuaria-Durango (DGETA) to establish livestock projects involving resource-poor families in the state of Durango, Mexico. This study identified and analyzed the factors affecting the permanence of hog and dairy cow projects in four communities in the state of Durango, Mexico. The researcher interviewed seven project managers and 35 beneficiaries to identify the factors affecting the permanence of livestock projects. From their responses, the researcher developed a list of 22 factors that promoted the permanence of the livestock projects. Key points included personal interaction between beneficiaries in the group(s) and project manager(s), knowledge and skills obtained from workshops, and household economics. The researcher developed a separate list of 20 factors that inhibited the permanence of the livestock projects. Key points included difficulties in livestock production and poor personal interaction and communication between beneficiaries and project managers. Two diagrams illustrate the commonalities and differences advocated by the two groups for both lists. Beneficiaries and project managers shared eight of the 14 factors advocated to promote the permanence of livestock projects. Beneficiaries had four factors unique to their group and the project managers had two factors unique to their group. Beneficiaries and project managers shared seven of the 13 factors advocated to inhibit the permanence of livestock projects. Four factors were unique to beneficiaries while two factors were unique to project managers. The researcher used a force field analysis based concept labeled the "line of permanence," to illustrate the factors affecting the permanence of HI-M's livestock projects in the communities. Community A was the only location where the interviewees identified more factors inhibiting the permanence of a livestock project. Community A was also the only community that no longer had animals HI-M donated to the community. In contrast to Community A, project managers and beneficiaries in Communities A, B, and C each identified more factors that promoted the permanence of the livestock projects. The author made recommendations based on the findings of the study for HI-M and DGETA to improve the manner by which they undertake livestock projects.
Arispe, Sergio Adrian
A science based emission factor for particulate matter emitted from cotton harvesting
Poor regional air quality in some states across the US cotton belt has resulted in increased pressure on agricultural sources of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution regulators. Moreover, inaccurate emission factors used in the calculation of annual emissions inventories led to the identification of cotton harvesting as a significant source of PM10 in California and Arizona. As a result, cotton growers in these states are now required to obtain air quality permits and submit management practice plans detailing the actions taken by the producer to reduce fugitive PM emissions from field operations. The objective of this work was to develop accurate PM emission factors for cotton harvesting in terms of total suspended particulate (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5. Two protocols were developed and used to develop PM emission factors from cotton harvesting operations on three farms in Texas during 2006 and 2007. Protocol one utilized TSP concentrations measured downwind of harvesting operations with meteorological data measured onsite in a dispersion model to back-calculate TSP emission flux values. Flux values, determined with the regulatory dispersion models ISCST3 and AERMOD, were converted to emission factors and corrected with results from particle size distribution (PSD) analyses to report emission factors in terms of PM10 and PM2.5. Emission factors were developed for two-row (John Deere 9910) and sixrow (John Deere 9996) cotton pickers with protocol one. The uncertainty associated with the emission factors developed through protocol one resulted in no significant difference between the emission factors for the two machines. Under the second protocol, emission concentrations were measured onboard the six-row cotton picker as the machine harvested cotton. PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors were developed from TSP emission concentration measurements converted to emission rates using the results of PSD analysis. The total TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 emission factors resulting from the source measurement protocol are 1.64 ▒ 0.37, 0.55 ▒ 0.12, and 1.58E- 03 ▒ 4.5E-04 kg/ha, respectively. These emission factors contain the lowest uncertainty and highest level of precision of any cotton harvesting PM emission factors ever developed. Thus, the emission factors developed through the source sampling protocol are recommended for regulatory use.
Wanjura, John David
An Information-Based Framework for Asset Pricing: X-Factor Theory and its Applications
A new framework for asset pricing based on modelling the information available to market participants is presented. Each asset is characterised by the cash flows it generates. Each cash flow is expressed as a function of one or more independent random variables called market factors or "X-factors". Each X-factor is associated with a "market information process", the values of which become available to market participants. In addition to true information about the X-factor, the information process contains an independent "noise" term modelled here by a Brownian bridge. The information process thus gives partial information about the X-factor, and the value of the market factor is only revealed at the termination of the process. The market filtration is assumed to be generated by the information processes associated with the X-factors. The price of an asset is given by the risk-neutral expectation of the sum of the discounted cash flows, conditional on the information available from the filtration. The theory i...
Macrina, Andrea
Determination of influence factors and accident rates for the Armored Tractor/Safe Secure Trailer
Operating environments, such as road type, road location, and time of day, play an important role in the observed accident rates of heavy trucks used in general commerce. These same factors influence the accident rate of the Armored Tractor/Safe Secure Trailer (AT/SST) used by the Department of Energy to transport hazardous cargos within the continental United States. This report discusses the development of accident rate influence factors. These factors, based on heavy trucks used in general commerce, are used to modify the observed overall AT/SST accident rate to account for the different operating environments.
Phillips, J.S.; Clauss, D.B. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Blower, D.F. [Univ. of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Center for National Truck Statistics
Fate of k_perp-factorization for hard processes in nuclear environment
Large thickness of heavy nuclei brings in a new scale into the pQCD description of hard processes in nuclear environment. The familiar linear $k_{\\perp}$-factorization breaks down and must be replaced by a new concept of the nonlinear $k_{\\perp}$-factorization introduced in \\cite{Nonlinear}. I demonstrate the salient features of nonlinear $k_{\\perp}$-factorization on an example of hard dijet production in DIS off heavy nuclei. I also discuss briefly the non-linear BFKL evolution for gluon density of nuclei.
N. N. Nikolaev
Control of processing factors for high J{sub c} Bi-2223/Ag tapes
Ten factors relating to Bi-2223/Ag tape production and thermomechanical processing have been examined in a statistically designed study to determine optimal parameter values for high critical current density J{sub c} in rolled tapes. The study indicates that low fill factor, narrow tapes processed for long times yield the best J{sub c} values, and that strain rate, as expected, is not a significant factor. The major microstructural conclusion is that macrocracking, even at the early stages of tape processing, should be avoided, as these cracks cannot easily be healed.
Willis, J.O.; Ray, R.D.; Bingert, J.F.; Phillips, D.S.; Beckman, R.J.
The Charge Form Factors of the Three- and Four-Body Nuclei
The charge form factors of 3H, 3He, and 4He are calculated using the Monte Carlo method and variational ground-state wave functions obtained for the Argonne two-nucleon and Urbana-VII three-nucleon interactions. The model for the charge density operator contains the two-body exchange contributions of longest range. With some spread due to the uncertainty in the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon the calculated charge form factors are in good agreement with the empirical values over the whole experimentally covered range of momentum transfer.
R. Schiavilla; V.R. Pandharipande; D.O. Riska
Spatial correction factors for YALINA Booster facility loaded with medium and low enriched fuels
The Bell and Glasstone spatial correction factor is used in analyses of subcritical assemblies to correct the experimental reactivity as function of the detector position. Besides the detector position, several other parameters affect the correction factor: the energy weighting function of the detector, the detector size, the energy-angle distribution of source neutrons, and the reactivity of the subcritical assembly. This work focuses on the dependency of the correction factor on the detector material and it investigates the YALINA Booster subcritical assembly loaded with medium (36%) and low (10%) enriched fuels. (authors)
Talamo, A.; Gohar, Y. [Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States); Bournos, V.; Fokov, Y.; Kiyavitskaya, H.; Routkovskaya, C. [Joint Inst. for Power and Nuclear Research-Sosny, 99 Academician A.K.Krasin Str, Minsk 220109 (Belarus)
Delta and Omega electromagnetic form factors in a Dyson-Schwinger/Bethe-Salpeter approach
We investigate the electromagnetic form factors of the Delta and the Omega baryons within the Poincare-covariant framework of Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations. The three-quark core contributions of the form factors are evaluated by employing a quark-diquark approximation. We use a consistent setup for the quark-gluon dressing, the quark-quark bound-state kernel and the quark-photon interaction. Our predictions for the multipole form factors are compatible with available experimental data and quark-model estimates. The current-quark mass evolution of the static electromagnetic properties agrees with results provided by lattice calculations.
Diana Nicmorus, Gernot Eichmann, Reinhard Alkofer
Research on Factors Relating to Density and Climate Change | Open Energy
Research on Factors Relating to Density and Climate Change Research on Factors Relating to Density and Climate Change Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Research on Factors Relating to Density and Climate Change Agency/Company /Organization: National Association of Home Builders Focus Area: Multi-sector Impact Evaluation Topics: Policy Impacts Resource Type: Reports, Journal Articles, & Tools Website: www.nahb.org/fileUpload_details.aspx?contentID=139993 This document talks about the increase residential density, primarily on the grounds that it will reduce vehicle miles traveled,a measure that is closely related to the GHG emissions from driving. References Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Research_on_Factors_Relating_to_Density_and_Climate_Change&oldid=515031"
Hailstone Shape Factor and Its Relation to Radar Interpretation of Hail
The shape factor of hailstones, defined as the ratio of their long and short axes (m?/m), has been measured for hailstones from three geographical areas: northeastern Colorado, central Oklahoma and central Alberta. The results show a general ...
Nancy C. Knight
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis- 2010
Report describes the 2010 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities.
Variations in Tropical Cyclone Genesis Factors in Simulations of the Holocene Epoch
The thermodynamic factors related to tropical cyclone genesis are examined in several simulations of the middle part of the Holocene epoch when the precession of EarthÆs orbit altered the seasonal distribution of solar radiation and in one ...
Robert L. Korty; Suzana J. Camargo; Joseph Galewsky
Factors affecting pouring ready mix concrete production rate using tower cranes in Egypt
Poor productivity of construction industry is one of the causes of cost and time overruns in construction projects. The first stage to control this problem is to identify factors affecting productivity and analyse them in order to control their effect ...
Emad El-Maghraby; Jan Frick; Christopher Irgens
Suppressed Critical Current in Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors With High Fill-Factors
In this work we present a new fabrication process that enabled the fabrication of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors SNSPD with fill-factors as high as 88% with gaps between nanowires as small as 12 nm. This ...
Yang, Joel K. W.
On-line method of determining utilization factor in Hg-196 photochemical separation process
The present invention is directed to a method for determining the utilization factor [U] in a photochemical mercury enrichment process (.sup.196 Hg) by measuring relative .sup.196 Hg densities using absorption spectroscopy.
Grossman, Mark W. (Belmont, MA); Moskowitz, Philip E. (Peabody, MA)
Determination of the ?(1232) axial and pseudoscalar form factors from lattice QCD
We present a lattice QCD calculation of the ?(1232) matrix elements of the axial-vector and pseudoscalar currents. The decomposition of these matrix elements into the appropriate Lorentz invariant form factors is carried ...
Alexandrou, Constantia
A Simple Estimator of the Shape Factor of the Two-Parameter Weibull Distribution
A method is given to estimate the shape factor (K) of the Weibull distribution directly from wind observations, without iteration, plotting, or sorting of data. The estimate is of comparable accuracy as that given by the maximum-likelihood ...
Rolan D. Christofferson; Dale A. Gillette
Operational Nowcasting of the Sun Protection Factor for the Urban Area of Vienna
A method was developed to produce hourly updated nowcasts of recommended sun protection factors (SPF) for different photobiological skin types. Actual UV (250¢400 nm) measurements and a forecast of the UV index provide the basis of the method. ...
Alois W. Schmalwieser; G³nther Schauberger
Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other Volatile Organic Compounds in FEMA Temporary Housing Units
Hippelein 4 . Emissions of TMPB-DIB (a plasticizer found informaldehyde, phenol, and TMPB-DIB. As reported by Maddalenamay have contributed to high TMPB-DIB emission factors. The
Parthasarathy, Srinandini
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost...
7 Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2012 Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 Amy S. Rushing Joshua D....
5 (Rev. 510) Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2010 Annual Supplement to Amy S. Rushing NIST Handbook 135 and Joshua D. Kneifel NBS Special...
External dose-rate conversion factors for calculation of dose to the public
This report presents a tabulation of dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure to photons and electrons emitted by radionuclides in the environment. This report was prepared in conjunction with criteria for limiting dose equivalents to members of the public from operations of the US Department of Energy (DOE). The dose-rate conversion factors are provided for use by the DOE and its contractors in performing calculations of external dose equivalents to members of the public. The dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure to photons and electrons presented in this report are based on a methodology developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. However, some adjustments of the previously documented methodology have been made in obtaining the dose-rate conversion factors in this report. 42 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.
g-factor of the 2{sup+}{sub{1} state of {sup179}Hf.
The g factor of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} state of {sup 172}Hf was measured using the perturbed angular correlation technique in a static external magnetic field. The result, g(2{sub 1}{sup +}) = 0.25(5), is discussed in relation to the systematics of the previously reported g factors in the Hf isotopes and compared with the predictions of several models. An interesting outcome of the analysis presented in this paper is the agreement between the calculated g factors within the interacting boson approximation (IBA) and the results of a large-scale shell model calculation. This agreement supports the emphasis in the IBA on the valence space. The undershooting of the empirical g factors near midshell in both models suggests that they underestimate the role of the saturation of collectivity, which is explicitly incorporated into a phenomenological model that agrees better with the data.
Berant, Z.; Oster, E.; Wolf, A.; Casperson, R. J.; Werner, V.; McCutchan, E. A. (Physics); (Yale Univ.); (Nuclear Research Center Negev); (Rutgers Univ.); (Clark Univ.); (Univ. of Richmond); (Univ. of Surrey); (Rhodes Coll.); (Technische Univ. Darmstadt); (ENS CACHAN)
Free field representation and form factors of the chiral Gross-Neveu model
The free field representation of the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra for the chiral Gross-Neveu model is analysed in detail, and used to construct an integral representation for form factors of the model.
Stephen Britton; Sergey Frolov
An Examination of Reduction Techniques for Determining the Linke Turbidity Factor
Standard reduction techniques for the Linke turbidity factor are examined and found to yield errors of as much as 10%, resulting from a failure to recognize the importance of the wavelength sensitivities of pyrheliometers and the assumption that ...
L. W. Thomason; R. J. Szymber; B. M. Herman
A New Parameterization of an Asymmetry Factor of Cirrus Clouds for Climate Models
The aspect ratio (AR) of a nonspherical ice particle is identified as the key microphysical parameter to determine its asymmetry factor for solar radiation. The mean effective AR is defined for cirrus clouds containing various nonspherical ice ...
Qiang Fu
The Unit Symbol for the Logarithmic Scale of Radar Reflectivity Factors
This note argues that the proper symbol for the logarithmic unit of radar reflectivity factor is dBz. The basis for this contention lies in both customary engineering practice and the international standard for unit symbols.
Paul L. Smith
Frying Technology and PracticesChapter 7 Critical Factors in the Selectrion of an Industrial Fryer
Frying Technology and Practices Chapter 7 Critical Factors in the Selectrion of an Industrial Fryer Food Science Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press ...
NISTIR 85-3273-28 Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2013 Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 Amy S....
A hypothesis driven approach to condition specific transcription factor binding site characterization in S.c.
We demonstrate a computational process by which transcription factor binding sites can be elucidated using genome-wide expression and binding profiles. The profiles direct us to the intergenic locations likely to contain the promoter regions for a given ...
Rhonda Harrison; Charles DeLisi
Regulation of mTOR complex 1 in response to growth factors and nutrients
In multicellular organisms, cells ensure the simultaneous availability of growth factors and nutrients before they invest in cellular processes that lead to growth. The TOR kinase is a master regulator of cellular growth ...
Sancak, Yasemin S. (Yasemin Shechner)
Recommended Practices for Human Factors Evaluation Development Process for Advanced Avionics
Advanced avionic systems are currently being developed for use in general aviation aircraft. The avionics include both primary flight displays and multi-functional displays. In order to support the human factors development ...
Lyne, Lisette
What are the business and regulatory factors for a successful Philippine REIT market?
In an attempt to determine what business and regulatory factors are required for the successful establishment of a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) structure in the Philippines, we analyzed the macro and microeconomic ...
Wenceslao, Delfin C
Characterization and informed design of downregulating anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies
Due to its common dysregulation in epithelial-based cancers and the extensive characterization of its role in tumor growth, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has long been an attractive target for monoclonal antibodies. ...
Spangler, Jamie Berta
Dynamic shape factors for hydox-generated plutonium dioxide-type non-sperical objects
The dynamic shape factors of HYDOX-generated plutonium dioxide-type non-spherical objects were estimated with computational methods. Leith's empirical methods were used to modify classical Stokes's law for aerosol dynamics (1987). The dynamic shape factor equations described by Leith were solved as functions of applicable curvilinear coordinates for objects resembling HYDOX-generated plutonium dioxide. Shapes modeled included six-sided hedron, right disk, oblate spheroid, and right-elliptical cone. Dynamic shape factors are plotted as a function of those curvilinear coordinates, within the full range of applicability. Experimental validity of the Leith dynamic shape factors ranged from 0.5 to 5 for each object modeled. This research is critical to determining settling velocities of HYDOX-generated plutonium dioxide aerosols. The change of particle size distribution over time and space can be derived, leading ultimately to an assessment of the dose from an unplanned release of plutonium dioxide.
Lohaus, James Harold
System theoretic approach for determining causal factors of quality loss in complex system design
Identifying the factors that could lead to the loss of quality is difficult for large, complex systems. Traditional design methods such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Robust ...
Goerges, Stephanie L
Tropical Cyclone Genesis Factors in Simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum
Large-scale environmental factors that favor tropical cyclogenesis are calculated and examined in simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PMIP2). Despite universally colder ...
Multi-Factor Model of Correlated Commodity - Forward Curves for Crude Oil and Shipping Markets
An arbitrage free multi-factor model is developed of the correlated forward curves of the crude oil, gasoline, heating oil and tanker shipping markets. Futures contracts trading on public exchanges are used as the primary ...
Ellefsen, Per Einar
Cognitive factors in perspective-based reading (PBR): A protocol analysis study
The following study investigated cognitive factors involved in applying the Perspective-Based Reading (PBR) technique for defect detection in software inspections. Using the protocol analysis technique from cognitive science, the authors coded concurrent ...
Bryan Robbins; Jeff Carver
Stress intensity magnification factors for fully circumferential cracks in valve bodies (thick cylinders)
The stress intensity solutions presented herein were obtained using an energy method in conjunction with a two-dimensional finite element program in order to explicitly account for curvature effect for fully circumferential cracks. The magnification factors for a specific crack depth were calculated by successively loading the crack surface by a uniform, linear, quadratic, and a cubic loading distribution. The magnification factors can be used to calculate the stress intensity factors by superposition method. The functions for each load condition in terms of radius to thickness ratio (R/t) and a fractional distance in terms of crack depth to thickness ratio (a/t) were developed. The validity of these functions is R/t = 1.5 to 10.0 and for 0.0125 {le} a/t {le} 0.8125. The functions agree to within 1% of the finite elements solutions for most magnification factors.
Toor, P.M.
Analysis of variation at transcription factor binding sites in Drosophila and humans
Background: Advances in sequencing technology have boosted population genomics and made it possible to map the positions of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) with high precision. Here we investigate TFBS variability ...
Spivakov, Mikhail
Human-factors engineering-control-room design review: Shoreham Nuclear Power Station. Draft audit report
A human factors engineering preliminary design review of the Shoreham control room was performed at the site on March 30 through April 3, 1981. This design review was carried out by a team from the Human Factors Engineering Branch, Division of Human Factors Safety. This report was prepared on the basis of the HFEB's review of the applicant's Preliminary Design Assessment and the human factors engineering design review/audit performed at the site. The presented sections are numbered to conform to the guidelines of the draft version of NUREG-0700. They summarize the teams's observations of the control room design and layout, and of the control room operators' interface with the control room environment.
Peterson, L.R.; Preston-Smith, J.; Savage, J.W.; Rousseau, W.F.
Organizational Factors Impacting Implementation of Culturally Competent Care Modules in a Large Health Maintenance Organization
organizational accommodations affecting access to and utilization of healthorganizational accommodations affecting access to and utilization of healthOrganizational Factors Impacting Implementation of Culturally Competent Care Modules in a Large Health
Koh, Karen Leanne
Response to 'Comments on Factors that Impact the Implementation of a Systems Development Methodology'
Abstract┐This correspondence is a response to ┐Comments on Factors that Impact Implementing a System Development Methodology,┐ by Yadav et al. [24]. We are gratified to see that researchers are closely examining our work. However, we must take issue ...
Tom L. Roberts, Jr.; Michael L. Gibson; R. Kelly Rainer, Jr.; Kent T. Fields
High-resolution DNA-binding specificity analysis of yeast transcription factors
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the expression of genes through sequence-specific interactions with DNA-binding sites. However, despite recent progress in identifying in vivo TF binding sites by microarray readout of ...
Zhu, Cong
g factor of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} state of {sup 172}Hf
The g factor of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} state of {sup 172}Hf was measured using the perturbed angular correlation technique in a static external magnetic field. The result, g(2{sub 1}{sup +})=0.25(5), is discussed in relation to the systematics of the previously reported g factors in the Hf isotopes and compared with the predictions of several models. An interesting outcome of the analysis presented in this paper is the agreement between the calculated g factors within the interacting boson approximation (IBA) and the results of a large-scale shell model calculation. This agreement supports the emphasis in the IBA on the valence space. The undershooting of the empirical g factors near midshell in both models suggests that they underestimate the role of the saturation of collectivity, which is explicitly incorporated into a phenomenological model that agrees better with the data.
Berant, Z.; Wolf, A. [Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (United States); Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva 84190 (Israel); Oster, E. [Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva 84190 (Israel); Casperson, R. J.; Werner, V.; Heinz, A.; Casten, R. F.; Terry, J. R.; Winkler, R.; Williams, E.; Qian, J.; Schmidt, A.; Smith, M. K.; Ahn, T. [Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (United States); Gurdal, G. [Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (United States); McCutchan, E. A. [Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Brenner, D. S. [Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (United States); Chemistry Department, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610 (United States); Beausang, C. W. [Physics Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173 (United States); Regan, P. H. [Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH (United Kingdom); Ross, T. [Physics Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173 (United States); Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH (United Kingdom)] (and others)
Is Cholesterol Sulfate Deficiency a Common Factor in Preeclampsia, Autism, and Pernicious Anemia?
In a recent paper, we proposed that a contributing factor in autism is a deficiency in cholesterol sulfate supply. In this paper, we investigate a link between preeclampsia and subsequent autism in the child, and we ...
Seneff, Stephanie
Closer to HIV vaccine goal with new insight into viral factors
Closer to HIV vaccine goal with new insight into viral factors Closer to HIV vaccine goal with new insight into viral factors New insight into viral factors that facilitate HIV transmission Understanding viral factors that facilitate transmission of HIV infection is critical to developing vaccines. February 14, 2012 Scientists work at the National Stable Isotope Resource LANL scientists found that the infected donor's predominant virus subpopulation in the genital tract differed from that in the blood. Comparing the HIV sequence population in each newly infected partner with that in the genital tract of the transmitting partner revealed that the transmitted variant was genetically distinct from the donor's predominant genital-tract variants. The results imply that a selective process, rather than a random one, determines the transmitted or founder virus.
EIA - Appendix J-Kaya Identity Factor Projections Tables (2005-2035)
Kaya Identity Factor Projections Tables (2005-2035) Kaya Identity Factor Projections Tables (2005-2035) International Energy Outlook 2010 Kaya Identity Projections Tables (2005-2035) Formats Data Table Titles (1 to 4 complete) Appendix J.Kaya Identity Factor Projections Tables (2006-2035). Need help, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Appendix J.Kaya Identity Factor Projections Tables (2006-2035). Need help, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Table J1 World Population by Region, Reference Case Table J1. World Population by Region. Need help, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Table J2 World Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita by Region Expressed in Purchasing Power Parity, Reference Case Table J2. World Gross Domestic Product per Capita by Region Expressed in Purchasing Power Parity. Need help, contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800.
Human Reliability Analysis for Design: Using Reliability Methods for Human Factors Issues
This paper reviews the application of human reliability analysis methods to human factors design issues. An application framework is sketched in which aspects of modeling typically found in human reliability analysis are used in a complementary fashion to the existing human factors phases of design and testing. The paper provides best achievable practices for design, testing, and modeling. Such best achievable practices may be used to evaluate and human system interface in the context of design safety certifications.
Ronald Laurids Boring
Nodal weighting factor method for ex-core fast neutron fluence evaluation
The nodal weighting factor method is developed for evaluating ex-core fast neutron flux in a nuclear reactor by utilizing adjoint neutron flux, a fictitious unit detector cross section for neutron energy above 1 or 0.1 MeV, the unit fission source, and relative assembly nodal powers. The method determines each nodal weighting factor for ex-core neutron fast flux evaluation by solving the steady-state adjoint neutron transport equation with a fictitious unit detector cross section for neutron energy above 1 or 0.1 MeV as the adjoint source, by integrating the unit fission source with a typical fission spectrum to the solved adjoint flux over all energies, all angles and given nodal volume, and by dividing it with the sum of all nodal weighting factors, which is a normalization factor. Then, the fast neutron flux can be obtained by summing the various relative nodal powers times the corresponding nodal weighting factors of the adjacent significantly contributed peripheral assembly nodes and times a proper fast neutron attenuation coefficient over an operating period. A generic set of nodal weighting factors can be used to evaluate neutron fluence at the same location for similar core design and fuel cycles, but the set of nodal weighting factors needs to be re-calibrated for a transition-fuel-cycle. This newly developed nodal weighting factor method should be a useful and simplified tool for evaluating fast neutron fluence at selected locations of interest in ex-core components of contemporary nuclear power reactors. (authors)
Chiang, R. T. [AREVA NP Inc., 6399 San Ignacio Ave., San Jose, CA 95119 (United States)
B to Light Tensor Meson Form Factors Derived from Light-Cone Sum Rules
Using the recent results for the two-parton light-cone distribution amplitudes of the tensor meson, we calculate the form factors for the decays of $B_{u,d,s}$ into the light $J^{PC}=2^{++}$ tensor mesons via the vector/axial-vector/tensor current with the light-cone sum rules. We also obtain the $q^2$-dependence of the form factors.
Kwei-Chou Yang
The Euler anomaly and scale factors in Liouville/Toda CFTs
The role played by the Euler anomaly in the dictionary relating sphere partition functions of four dimensional theories of class $\\mathcal{S}$ and two dimensional nonrational CFTs is clarified. On the two dimensional side, this involves a careful treatment of scale factors in Liouville/Toda correlators. Using ideas from tinkertoy constructions for Gaiotto duality, a framework is proposed for evaluating these scale factors. The representation theory of Weyl groups plays a critical role in this framework.
Aswin Balasubramanian
Interpreting the Neutron's Electric Form Factor: Rest Frame Charge Distribution or Foldy Term?
The neutron's electric form factor contains vital information on nucleon structure, but its interpretation within many models has been obscured by relativistic effects. I demonstrate that, to leading order in the relativistic expansion of a constituent quark model, the Foldy term cancels exactly against a contribution to the Dirac form factor F_1 to leave intact the naive interpretation of G^n_E as arising from the neutron's rest frame charge distribution.
Nathan Isgur
Possible Upper limits on Lorentz Factors in High Energy Astrophysical Processes
Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous physical phenomena in the universe. The relativistic effect on the blast wave associated with the GRB introduces the gamma factor. Here we put an upper limit on the gamma factor via constraints on maximal power allowed by general relativity and hence set upper limits on other observable quantities such as deceleration distance. Also upper limits are set on the high energy particle radiation due to constraints set by cosmic microwave background radiation.
C. Sivaram; Kenath Arun
Is Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Overtreatment in Cervical Cancer Patients With Intermediate Risk Factors?
Purpose: To determine whether adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves the outcome of cervical cancer patients with intermediate risk factors. Methods and Materials: Between January 2000 and June 2006, the medical records of 735 patients who had undergone radical surgery for Stage IB-IIA cervical cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 735 patients, 172 with two or more intermediate risk factors (i.e., lymphovascular space involvement, deep stromal invasion, and tumor size {>=}2 cm) were grouped as follows according to the adjuvant treatment received: 34 patients, no further treatment; 49 patients, RT; and 89 patients, CRT. The significance of the clinical parameters and recurrence-free survival of each group were analyzed. Results: Of the 172 patients with any of the intermediate risk factors, 137 (79.6%) had two or more intermediate risk factors. Of the 172 patients, 12 developed recurrences (6.4%)->(7.0%), with 6 in the pelvis and 6 in distant sites. All 12 recurrences occurred in those who had two or more intermediate risk factors (sensitivity, 100%); however, only six recurrences were detected in patients who met the Gynecologic Oncology Group criteria for the intermediate-risk group (sensitivity, 50%; Z test, p .05). Conclusion: Postoperative adjuvant CRT can improve the outcome of cervical cancer patients with intermediate risk factors, with low increase in toxicity.
Ryu, Sang-Young, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Sang-Il [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Nam, Byung-Ho [Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Kyongi (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Chul-Koo [Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Kidong; Kim, Beob-Jong; Kim, Moon-Hong; Choi, Seok-Cheol; Lee, Eui-Don; Lee, Kyoung-Hee [Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
B{yields}S transition form factors in the perturbative QCD approach
Under two different scenarios for the light scalar mesons, we investigate the transition form factors of B(B{sub s}) mesons decay into a scalar meson in the perturbative QCD approach. In the large recoiling region, the form factors are dominated by the short-distance dynamics and can be calculated using perturbation theory. We adopt the dipole parametrization to recast the q{sup 2} dependence of the form factors. Since the decay constants defined by the scalar current are large, our predictions on the B{yields}S form factors are much larger than the B{yields}P transitions, especially in the second scenario. Contributions from various light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) are elaborated and we find that the twist-3 LCDAs provide more than one-half of the contributions to the form factors. The two terms of the twist-2 LCDAs give destructive contributions in the first scenario while they give constructive contributions in the second scenario. With the form factors, we also predict the decay width and branching ratios of the semileptonic B{yields}Sl{nu} and B{yields}Sl{sup +}l{sup -} decays. The branching ratios of B{yields}Sl{nu} channels are found to have the order of 10{sup -4} while those of B{yields}Sl{sup +}l{sup -} have the order of 10{sup -7}. These predictions can be tested by the future experiments.
Li Runhui [School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100 (China); Institute of High Energy Physics, P.O. Box 918 (4), Beijing 100049 (China); Lue Caidian [Institute of High Energy Physics, P.O. Box 918(4), Beijing 100049 (China); Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097 (China); Wang Wei; Wang Xiaoxia [Institute of High Energy Physics, P.O. Box 918(4), Beijing 100049 (China)
Shor's Factoring Algorithm and Modern Cryptography. An Illustration of the Capabilities Inherent in Quantum Computers
The security of messages encoded via the widely used RSA public key encryption system rests on the enormous computational effort required to find the prime factors of a large number N using classical (i.e., conventional) computers. In 1994, however, Peter Shor showed that for sufficiently large N a quantum computer would be expected to perform the factoring with much less computational effort. This paper endeavors to explain, in a fashion comprehensible to the non-expert readers of this journal: (i) the RSA encryption protocol; (ii) the various quantum computer manipulations constituting the Shor algorithm; (iii) how the Shor algorithm performs the factoring; and (iv) the precise sense in which a quantum computer employing Shor's algorithm can be said to accomplish the factoring of very large numbers with less computational effort than a classical computer can. It is made apparent that factoring $N$ generally requires many successive runs of the algorithm. The careful analysis herein reveals, however, that the probability of achieving a successful factorization on a single run is about twice as large as commonly quoted in the literature.
Edward Gerjuoy
AOCS/SFA Edible Oils Manual, 2nd EditionChapter 6 Factors Contributing to Oil Deterioration
AOCS/SFA Edible Oils Manual, 2nd Edition Chapter 6 Factors Contributing to Oil Deterioration Food Science eChapters Food Science & Technology Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 6 Factors Contributing to Oil Deterio
The effect of small field output factor measurements on IMRT dosimetry
Purpose: To evaluate how changes in the measured small field output factors affect the doses in intensity-modulated treatment planning. Methods: IMRT plans were created using Philips Pinnacle treatment planning system. The plans were optimized to treat a cylindrical target 2 cm in diameter and 2 cm in length. Output factors for 2 Multiplication-Sign 2 and 3 Multiplication-Sign 3 cm{sup 2} field sizes were changed by {+-}5%, {+-}10%, and {+-}20% increments from the baseline measurements and entered into the planning system. The treatment units were recommissioned in the treatment planning system after each modification of the output factors and treatment plans were reoptimized. All plans were delivered to a solid water phantom and dose measurements were made using an ionization chamber. The percentage differences between measured and computed doses were calculated. An Elekta Synergy and a Varian 2300CD linear accelerator were separately evaluated. Results: For the Elekta unit, decreasing the output factors resulted in higher measured than computed doses by 0.8% for -5%, 3.6% for -10%, and 8.7% for -20% steps. Increasing the output factors resulted in lower doses by 2.9% for +5%, 5.4% for +10%, and 8.3% for +20% steps. For the Varian unit no changes were observed for either increased or decreased output factors. Conclusions: The measurement accuracy of small field output factors are of importance especially when the treatment plan consists of small segments as in IMRT. The method proposed here could be used to verify the accuracy of the measured small field output factors for certain linear accelerators as well as to test the beam model. The Pinnacle treatment planning system model uses output factors as a function of jaw setting. Consequently, plans using the Elekta unit, which conforms the jaws to the segments, are sensitive to small field measurement accuracy. On the other hand, for the Varian unit, jaws are fixed and segments are modeled as blocked fields hence, the impact of small field output factors on IMRT monitor unit calculation is not evaluable by this method.
Azimi, Rezvan; Alaei, Parham; Higgins, Patrick [Department of Therapeutic Radiology-Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 (United States)
A real-time self-tuning fuzzy controller through scaling factor adjustment for the steam generator of NPP
Keywords: fuzzy controller, instantaneous system performance, real-time, scaling factor, self-tuning, steam generator, variable reference tuning index
Chul-Hwan Jung; Chang-Shik Ham; Kuhn-Il Lee
On-Road Measurement of Gas and Particle Phase Pollutant Emission Factors
On-Road Measurement of Gas and Particle Phase Pollutant Emission Factors On-Road Measurement of Gas and Particle Phase Pollutant Emission Factors for Individual Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Title On-Road Measurement of Gas and Particle Phase Pollutant Emission Factors for Individual Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2012 Authors Dallmann, Timothy R., Steven J. DeMartini, Thomas W. Kirchstetter, Scott C. Herndon, Timothy B. Onasch, Ezra C. Wood, and Robert A. Harley Journal Environmental Science and Technology Volume 46 Issue 15 Pagination 8511-8518 Abstract Pollutant concentrations in the exhaust plumes of individual diesel trucks were measured at high time resolution in a highway tunnel in Oakland, CA, during July 2010. Emission factors for individual trucks were calculated using a carbon balance method, in which pollutants measured in each exhaust plume were normalized to measured concentrations of carbon dioxide. Pollutants considered here include nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ethene, and black carbon (BC), as well as optical properties of emitted particles. Fleet-average emission factors for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and BC respectively decreased 30 ┬▒ 6 and 37 ┬▒ 10% relative to levels measured at the same location in 2006, whereas a 34 ┬▒ 18% increase in the average NO2 emission factor was observed. Emissions distributions for all species were skewed with a small fraction of trucks contributing disproportionately to total emissions. For example, the dirtiest 10% of trucks emitted half of total NO2 and BC emissions. Emission rates for NO2 were found to be anticorrelated with all other species considered here, likely due to the use of catalyzed diesel particle filters to help control exhaust emissions. Absorption and scattering cross-section emission factors were used to calculate the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA, at 532 nm) for individual truck exhaust plumes, which averaged 0.14 ┬▒ 0.03.
Spatiotemporal patterns of evapotranspiration in response to multiple environmental factors simulated by the Community Land Model
In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of evapotranspiration (ET) over the period of 1982-2008 are investigated and attributed to multiple environmental factors using the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4). Our results show that CLM4 captures the spatial distribution and interannual variability of ET well when compared to observation-based estimates derived from the FLUXNET network of eddy covariance towers using the model tree ensembles (MTE) approach. We find that climate trends and variability dominate predicted variability in ET. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration also plays an important role in modulating the trend of predicted ET over most land areas, and functions as the dominant factor controlling ET changes over North America, South America and Asia regions. Compared to the effect of climate change and CO2 concentration, the roles of other factors such as nitrogen deposition, land use change and aerosol deposition are less pronounced and regionally dependent. For example, the aerosol deposition contribution is the third-most important factor for trends of ET over Europe, while it has the smallest impact on ET trend over other regions. As ET is a dominant component of the terrestrial water cycle, our results suggest that environmental factors like elevated CO2, nitrogen and aerosol depositions, and land use and land cover change, in addition to climate, could have significant impact on future projections of water resources and water cycle dynamics at global and regional scales.
Shi, Xiaoying [ORNL; Mao, Jiafu [ORNL; Thornton, Peter E [ORNL; Huang, Maoyi [ORNL; Hoffman, Forrest [ORNL
The unit cost factors and calculation methods for decommissioning - Cost estimation of nuclear research facilities
Available in abstract form only. Full text of publication follows: The uncertainties of decommissioning costs increase high due to several conditions. Decommissioning cost estimation depends on the complexity of nuclear installations, its site-specific physical and radiological inventories. Therefore, the decommissioning costs of nuclear research facilities must be estimated in accordance with the detailed sub-tasks and resources by the tasks of decommissioning activities. By selecting the classified activities and resources, costs are calculated by the items and then the total costs of all decommissioning activities are reshuffled to match with its usage and objectives. And the decommissioning cost of nuclear research facilities is calculated by applying a unit cost factor method on which classification of decommissioning works fitted with the features and specifications of decommissioning objects and establishment of composition factors are based. Decommissioning costs of nuclear research facilities are composed of labor cost, equipment and materials cost. Of these three categorical costs, the calculation of labor costs are very important because decommissioning activities mainly depend on labor force. Labor costs in decommissioning activities are calculated on the basis of working time consumed in decommissioning objects and works. The working times are figured out of unit cost factors and work difficulty factors. Finally, labor costs are figured out by using these factors as parameters of calculation. The accuracy of decommissioning cost estimation results is much higher compared to the real decommissioning works. (authors)
Kwan-Seong Jeong; Dong-Gyu Lee; Chong-Hun Jung; Kune-Woo Lee [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Deokjin-dong 150, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353 (Korea, Republic of)
Extraction of depth-dependent perturbation factors for silicon diodes using a plastic scintillation detector
Purpose: This work presents the experimental extraction of the perturbation factor in megavoltage electron beams for three models of silicon diodes (IBA Dosimetry, EFD and SFD, and the PTW 60012 unshielded) using a plastic scintillation detector (PSD). Methods: The authors used a single scanning PSD mounted on a high-precision scanning tank to measure depth-dose curves in 6-, 12-, and 18-MeV clinical electron beams. They also measured depth-dose curves using the IBA Dosimetry, EFD and SFD, and the PTW 60012 unshielded diodes. The authors used the depth-dose curves measured with the PSD as a perturbation-free reference to extract the perturbation factors of the diodes. Results: The authors found that the perturbation factors for the diodes increased substantially with depth, especially for low-energy electron beams. The experimental results show the same trend as published Monte Carlo simulation results for the EFD diode; however, the perturbations measured experimentally were greater. They found that using an effective point of measurement (EPOM) placed slightly away from the source reduced the variation of perturbation factors with depth and that the optimal EPOM appears to be energy dependent. Conclusions: The manufacturer recommended EPOM appears to be incorrect at low electron energy (6 MeV). In addition, the perturbation factors for diodes may be greater than predicted by Monte Carlo simulations.
Lacroix, Frederic; Guillot, Mathieu; McEwen, Malcolm; Gingras, Luc; Beaulieu, Luc [Departement de Radio-Oncologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CHUM), 1560 Sherbrooke est, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada and Departement de Physique, Universite de Montreal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry (D-428), 2900 Boul. Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4 (Canada); Departement de Physique, de Genie Physique et d'Optique, Universite Laval, Quebec G1K 7P4, Quebec, Canada and Departement de Radio-Oncologie, Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec (CHUQ), Quebec, Quebec G1R 2J6 (Canada); Ionizing Radiation Standards, Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council (NRC), Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6 (Canada); Departement de Physique, de Genie Physique et d'Optique, Universite Laval, Quebec G1K 7P4, Quebec, Canada and Departement de Radio-Oncologie, Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec (CHUQ), Quebec, Quebec G1R 2J6 (Canada)
Alterations in transcription factor binding in radioresistant human melanoma cells after ionizing radiation
We analyzed alterations in transcription factor binding to specific, known promoter DNA consensus sequences between irradiated and unirradiated radioresistant human melanoma (U1-Mel) cells. The goal of this study was to begin to investigate which transcription factors and DNA-binding sites are responsible for the induction of specific transcripts and proteins after ionizing radiation. Transcription factor binding was observed using DNA band-shift assays and oligonucleotide competition analyses. Confluence-arrested U1-Mel cells were irradiated (4.5 Gy) and harvested at 4 h. Double-stranded oligonucleotides containing known DNA-binding consensus sites for specific transcription factors were used. Increased DNA binding activity after ionizing radiation was noted with oligonucleotides containing the CREB, NF-kB and Sp1 consensus sites. No changes in protein binding to AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, or CTF/NF1, GRE or Oct-1 consensus sequences were noted. X-ray activation of select transcription factors, which bind certain consensus sites in promoters, may cause specific induction or repression of gene transcription. 22 refs., 2 figs.
Sahijdak, W.M.; Yang, Chin-Rang; Zuckerman, J.S.; Meyers, M.; Boothman, D.A. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Factors influencing helium measurements for detection of control rod failures in BWR
Much effort has been made to minimize the number and consequences of fuel failures at nuclear power plants. The consequences of control rod failures have also gained an increased attention. In this paper we introduce a system for on-line surveillance of control rod integrity which has several advantages comparing to the surveillance methods available today in boiling water reactors (BWRs). This system measures the helium released from failed control rods containing boron carbide (B4C). However, there are a number of factors that might influence measurements, which have to be taken into consideration when evaluating the measured data. These factors can be separated into two groups: 1) local adjustments, made on the sampling line connecting the detector to the off-gas system, and 2) plant operational parameters. The adjustments of the sample line conditions include variation of gas flow rate and gas pressure in the line. Plant operational factors that may influence helium measurements can vary from plant to plant. The factors studied at Leibstadt nuclear power plant (KKL) were helium impurities in injected hydrogen gas, variation of the total off-gas flow and regular water refill. In this paper we discuss these factors and their significance and present experimental results of measurements at KKL. (authors)
Larsson, I.; Sihver, L. [Div. of Nuclear Engineering, Dept. of Applied Physics, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden); Loner, H.; Ledergerber, G. [Kernkraftwerk Leibstadt, CH-5325 Leibstadt (Switzerland); Schnurr, B. [E.ON Kernkraft GmbH, D-84049 Essenbach (Germany)
Draft audit report, human factors engineering control room design review: Saint Lucie Nuclear Power Plant, Unit No. 2
A human factors engineering preliminary design review of the Saint Lucie Unit 2 control room was performed at the site on August 3 through August 7, 1981. This design review was carried out by a team from the Human Factors Engineering Branch, Division of Human Factors Safety. This report was prepared on the basis of the HFEB's review of the applicant's Preliminary Design Assessment and the human factors engineering design review/audit performed at the site. The review team included human factors consultants from BioTechnology, Inc., Falls Church, Virginia, and from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (University of California), Livermore, California.
Peterson, L.R.; Lappa, D.A.; Moore, J.W.
Neutron dose per fluence and weighting factors for use at high energy accelerators
In June 2007, the United States Department of Energy incorporated revised values of neutron weighting factors into its occupational radiation protection Regulation 10 CFR Part 835 as part of updating its radiation dosimetry system. This has led to a reassessment of neutron radiation fields at high energy proton accelerators such as those at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Values of dose per fluence factors appropriate for accelerator radiation fields calculated elsewhere are collated and radiation weighting factors compared. The results of this revision to the dosimetric system are applied to americium-beryllium neutron energy spectra commonly used for instrument calibrations. A set of typical accelerator neutron energy spectra previously measured at Fermilab are reassessed in light of the new dosimetry system. The implications of this revision are found to be of moderate significance.
Cossairt, J.Donald; Vaziri, Kamran; /Fermilab
Evaluation of weldment creep and fatigue strength-reduction factors for elevated-temperature design
New explicit weldment strength criteria in the form of creep and fatigue strength-reduction factors were recently introduced into the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code Case N-47, which governs the design of elevated-temperature nuclear plants components in the United States. This paper provides some of the background and logic for these factors and their use, and it describes the results of a series of long-term, confirmatory, creep-rupture and fatigue tests of simple welded structures. The structures (welded plates and tubes) were made of 316 stainless steel base metal and 16-8-2 weld filler metal. Overall, the results provide further substantiation of the validity of the strength-reduction factor approach for ensuring adequate life in elevated-temperature nuclear component weldments. 16 refs., 7 figs.
Corum, J.M.
$D$ semileptonic form factors and $|V_{cs(d)}|$ from 2+1 flavor lattice QCD
The measured partial widths of the semileptonic decays D {yields} K{ell}{nu} and D {yields} {pi}{ell}{nu} can be combined with the form factors calculated on the lattice to extract the CKM matrix elements |V{sub cs}| and |V{sub cd}|. The lattice calculations can be checked by comparing the form factor shapes from the lattice and experiment. We have generated a sizable data set by using heavy clover quarks with the Fermilab interpretation for charm and asqtad staggered light quarks on 2+1 flavor MILC ensembles with lattice spacings of approximately 0.12, 0.09, 0.06, and 0.045 fm. Preliminary fits to staggered chiral perturbation theory suggest that we can reduce the uncertainties in the form factors at q{sup 2} = 0 to below 5%.
Bailey, Jon A.; Bazavov, A.; El-Khadra, A.X.; Gottlieb, Steven; Jain, R.D.; Kronfeld, A.S.; Van de Water, R.S.; Zhou, R.
Method for exploiting bias in factor analysis using constrained alternating least squares algorithms
Bias plays an important role in factor analysis and is often implicitly made use of, for example, to constrain solutions to factors that conform to physical reality. However, when components are collinear, a large range of solutions may exist that satisfy the basic constraints and fit the data equally well. In such cases, the introduction of mathematical bias through the application of constraints may select solutions that are less than optimal. The biased alternating least squares algorithm of the present invention can offset mathematical bias introduced by constraints in the standard alternating least squares analysis to achieve factor solutions that are most consistent with physical reality. In addition, these methods can be used to explicitly exploit bias to provide alternative views and provide additional insights into spectral data sets.
Keenan, Michael R. (Albuquerque, NM)
Computation of Dancoff Factors for Fuel Elements Incorporating Randomly Packed TRISO Particles
A new method for estimating the Dancoff factors in pebble beds has been developed and implemented within two computer codes. The first of these codes, INTRAPEB, is used to compute Dancoff factors for individual pebbles taking into account the random packing of TRISO particles within the fuel zone of the pebble and explicitly accounting for the finite geometry of the fuel kernels. The second code, PEBDAN, is used to compute the pebble-to-pebble contribution to the overall Dancoff factor. The latter code also accounts for the finite size of the reactor vessel and for the proximity of reflectors, as well as for fluctuations in the pebble packing density that naturally arises in pebble beds.
J. L. Kloosterman; Abderrafi M. Ougouag
Human Factors and Data Fusion as Part of Control Systems Resilience
Human performance and human decision making is counted upon as a crucial aspect of overall system resilience. Advanced control systems have the potential to provide operators and asset owners a wide range of data, deployed at different levels that can be used to support operator situation awareness. However, the sheer amount of data available can make it challenging for operators to assimilate information and respond appropriately. This paper reviews some of the challenges and issues associated with providing operators with actionable state awareness and argues for the over arching importance of integrating human factors as part of intelligent control systems design and implementation. It is argued that system resilience is improved by implementing human factors in operations and maintenance. This paper also introduces issues associated with resilience and data fusion and highlights areas in which human factors including field studies hold promise.
David I. Gertman
New continuous-input current charge pump power-factor-correction electronic ballast
Continuous-input current charge pump power-factor-correction (CIC-CPPFC) electronic ballasts are proposed in this paper. The CPPFC circuit and unity power factor condition using the charge pump concept are derived and analyzed. The average lamp current control with switching frequency modulation was developed so that the low crest factor and constant lamp power operation can be achieved. The developed electronic ballast has continuous input current, so that a small line input filter can be used. The proposed CIC-CPPFC electronic ballast was implemented and tested with two 45-W fluorescent lamps. It is shown that the measured line input current harmonics satisfy IEC 1000-3-2 Class C requirements.
Qian, J.; Lee, F.C. [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA (United States); Yamauchi, Tokushi [Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd., Osaka (Japan). Lighting Research and Development Center
Test of weak and strong factorization in nucleus-nucleuscollisions atseveral hundred MeV/nucleon
Total and partial charge-changing cross sections have been measured for argon projectiles at 400 MeV/nucleon in carbon, aluminum, copper, tin and lead targets; cross sections for hydrogen were also obtained, using a polyethylene target. The validity of weak and strong factorization properties has been investigated for partial charge-changing cross sections; preliminary cross section values obtained for carbon, neon and silicon at 290 and 400 MeV/nucleon and iron at 400 MeV/nucleon, in carbon, aluminum, copper, tin and lead targets have been also used for testing these properties. Two different analysis methods were applied and both indicated that these properties are valid, without any significant difference between weak and strong factorization. The factorization parameters have then been calculated and analyzed in order to find some systematic behavior useful for modeling purposes.
La Tessa, Chiara; Sihver, Lembit; Zeitlin, Cary; Miller, Jack; Guetersloh, Stephen; Heilbronn, Lawrence; Mancusi, Davide; Iwata,Yoshiuki; Murakami, Takeshi
March 29, 2011, Federal Technical Capabilities Panel Face-to-Face Meeting - Human Factors Engineering
Factors Engineering Factors Engineering for the Face-to-Face meeting of the DOE Federal Technical Capability Panel March 29, 2011 Caren Wenner and Carol Ingram Introduction "As technologies mature and become more reliable overall, the source of accidents often shifts from being hardware related to interface related The discipline of hardware-related to interface-related. The discipline of ergonomics, or human factors engineering, seeks to address human characteristics, capabilities, and limitations and reflect them in the design of the things we create to make them easier to use, more reliable, and safer." - Steven Casey, Prologue to The Atomic Chef (2006) HFE at FTCP FtF Mar2011 Carol Ingram, NNSA/LSO 2 The harder it is to do something, the less likely someone will do it
EIA - AEO2010 - Factors affecting the relationship betwen crude oil and
Factors affecting the relationship betweeen crude oil and natural gas prices Factors affecting the relationship betweeen crude oil and natural gas prices Annual Energy Outlook 2010 with Projections to 2035 Factors affecting the relationship between crude oil and natural gas prices Background Over the 1995-2005 period, crude oil prices and U.S. natural gas prices tended to move together, which supported the conclusion that the markets for the two commodities were connected. Figure 26 illustrates the fairly stable ratio over that period between the price of low-sulfur light crude oil at Cushing, Oklahoma, and the price of natural gas at the Henry Hub on an energy-equivalent basis. Figure 26. Ratio of low-sulfur light crude oil prices to natural gas prices on an energy-equivalent basis, 1995-2035 Click to enlarge ┬╗ Figure source and data excel logo
Radiation Dry Bias in the TWP-ICE Radiosonde Soundings Solar Zenith Angle Correction Factor
Radiation Dry Bias in the TWP-ICE Radiosonde Soundings Radiation Dry Bias in the TWP-ICE Radiosonde Soundings Solar Zenith Angle Correction Factor Figure 3: Ratio of MWR TCWV to radiosonde derived TCWV, and the solar zenith angle at the radiosonde launch time (black dots). The dry bias observed in sonde TCWV values is mainly attributable to a dry RH bias near the surface The red dots show the 1000 hPa RH correction factors suggested by Voemel et al for sondes launched near noon (10-30 degree solar zenith angle), and at night time (90 degree zenith angle). The green line shows a modified RH correction factor which is a function of the solar zenith angle. ŌŚÅ During the day-time, the TCWV bias is significantly smaller when the zenith angle correction is applied than when no correction, or only the Crad and Ccal corrections are applied.
Using Factor Analysis to Attribute Health Impacts to Particulate Pollution Sources1
Factor Analysis to Attribute Health Impacts to Particulate Factor Analysis to Attribute Health Impacts to Particulate Pollution Sources 1 Thomas Grahame U. S. Department of Energy Washington, DC George Hidy Envair/Aerochem Placitas, NM ABSTRACT Laden et al. (2000) recently reported results of applying factor analysis to data taken in six cities from1979 to1988, identifying airborne particle sources potentially affecting daily mortality. These authors sought relationships between source groups and risk measures using source tracer elements, Se (coal combustion), Pb (light duty motor vehicle sources), and Si (crustal--soil dispersion). Combined data analyses of this kind may overlook the complexity of source contributions, which have common tracer elements. In one of the cities, Boston for example, the authors found coal combustion
Energy Factors, Leasing Structure and the Market Price of Office Buildings
Energy Factors, Leasing Structure and the Market Price of Office Buildings Energy Factors, Leasing Structure and the Market Price of Office Buildings in the U.S. Speaker(s): Nancy Wallace Date: June 15, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Paul Mathew The talk will cover the results from an empirical paper that analyzes the relationship between energy factor markets, leasing structures and the transaction prices of office buildings in the {U.S.} We employ a large sample of 15,133 office building transactions that occurred between 2001 and 2010. In addition to building characteristics, we also include information on the operating expenses, the net operating income, and the market capitalization rates at sale to estimate an asset pricing model for commercial office real estate assets. A further set of important controls
Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to High Momentum Transfer
The electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon characterize the effect of its internal structure on its response to an electromagnetic probe as studied in elastic electronnucleon scattering. These form factors are functions of the squared four-momentum transfer Q2 between the electron and the proton. The two main classes of observables of this reaction are the scattering cross section and polarization asymmetries, both of which are sensitive to the form factors in different ways. When considering large f momentum transfers, double-polarization observables offer superior sensitivity to the electric form factor. This thesis reports the results of a new measurement of the ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton at high momentum transfer using the recoil polarization technique. A polarized electron beam was scattered from a liquid hydrogen target, transferring polarization to the recoiling protons. These protons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer which was used to reconstruct their kinematics, including their scattering angles and momenta, and the position of the interaction vertex. A proton polarimeter measured the polarization of the recoiling protons by measuring the azimuthal asymmetry in the angular distribution of protons scattered in CH2 analyzers. The scattered electron was detected in a large acceptance electromagnetic calorimeter in order to suppress inelastic backgrounds. The measured ratio of the transverse and longitudinal polarization components of the scattered proton is directly proportional to the ratio of form factors GpE=GpM. The measurements reported in this thesis took place at Q2 =5.2, 6.7, and 8.5 GeV2, and represent the most accurate measurements of GpE in this Q2 region to date.
Andrew Puckett
Radiological bioconcentration factors for aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland ecosystems at the Savannah River Site
As a result of operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS), over 50 radionuclides have been released to the atmosphere and to onsite streams and seepage basins. Now, many of these radionuclides are available to aquatic and/or terrestrial organisms for uptake and cycling through the food chain. Knowledge about the uptake and cycling of these radionuclides is now crucial in evaluating waste management and clean-up alternatives for the site. Numerous studies have been conducted at the SRS over the past forty years to study the uptake and distribution of radionuclides in the Savannah River Site environment. In many instances, bioconcentration factors have been calculated to quantify the uptake of a radionuclide by an organism from the surrounding medium (i.e., soil or water). In the past, it has been common practice to use bioconcentration factors from the literature because site-specific data were not readily available. However, because of the variability of bioconcentration factors due to experimental or environmental conditions, site-specific data should be used when available. This report compiles and summarizes site-specific bioconcentration factors for selected radionuclides released at the Savannah River Site (SRS). An extensive literature search yielded site-specific bioconcentration factors for cesium, strontium, cobalt, plutonium, americium, curium, and tritium. These eight radionuclides have been the primary radionuclides studied at SRS because of their long half lives or because they are major contributors to radiological dose from exposure. For most radionuclides, it was determined that the site-specific bioconcentration factors were higher than those reported in literature. This report also summarizes some conditions that affect radionuclide bioavailability to and bioconcentration by aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
Cummins, C.L.
Calculation of conversion factors for effective dose for various interventional radiology procedures
Purpose: To provide dose-area-product (DAP) to effective dose (E) conversion factors for complete interventional procedures, based on in-the-field clinical measurements of DAP values and using tabulated E/DAP conversion factors for single projections available from the literature. Methods: Nine types of interventional procedures were performed on 84 patients with two angiographic systems. Different calibration curves (with and without patient table attenuation) were calculated for each DAP meter. Clinical and dosimetric parameters were recorded in-the-field for each projection and for all patients, and a conversion factor linking DAP and effective doses was derived for each complete procedure making use of published, Monte Carlo calculated conversion factors for single static projections. Results: Fluoroscopy time and DAP values for the lowest-dose procedure (biliary drainage) were approximately 3-fold and 13-fold lower, respectively, than those for the highest-dose examination (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, TIPS). Median E/DAP conversion factors from 0.12 (abdominal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) to 0.25 (Nephrostomy) mSvGy{sup -1} cm{sup -2} were obtained and good correlations between E and DAP were found for all procedures, with R{sup 2} coefficients ranging from 0.80 (abdominal angiography) to 0.99 (biliary stent insertion, Nephrostomy and TIPS). The DAP values obtained in this study showed general consistency with the values provided in the literature and median E values ranged from 4.0 mSv (biliary drainage) to 49.6 mSv (TIPS). Conclusions: Values of E/DAP conversion factors were derived for each procedure from a comprehensive analysis of projection and dosimetric data: they could provide a good evaluation for the stochastic effects. These results can be obtained by means of a close cooperation between different interventional professionals involved in patient care and dose optimization.
Compagnone, Gaetano; Giampalma, Emanuela; Domenichelli, Sara; Renzulli, Matteo; Golfieri, Rita [Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna (Italy); Radiology Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna (Italy); Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna (Italy); Radiology Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna (Italy)
Small-Chamber Measurements of Chemical-Specific Emission Factors for
Small-Chamber Measurements of Chemical-Specific Emission Factors for Small-Chamber Measurements of Chemical-Specific Emission Factors for Drywall Title Small-Chamber Measurements of Chemical-Specific Emission Factors for Drywall Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2010 Authors Maddalena, Randy L., Marion L. Russell, Moya Melody, and Michael G. Apte Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley Abstract Imported drywall installed in U.S. homes is suspected of being a source of odorous and potentially corrosive indoor pollutants. To support an investigation of those building materials by the Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) measured chemical-specific emission factors for 30 samples of drywall materials. Emission factors are reported for 75 chemicals and 30 different drywall samples encompassing both domestic and imported stock and incorporating natural, synthetic, or mixed gypsum core material. CPSC supplied all drywall materials. First the drywall samples were isolated and conditioned in dedicated chambers, then they were transferred to small chambers where emission testing was performed. Four sampling and analysis methods were utilized to assess (1) volatile organic compounds, (2) low molecular weight carbonyls, (3) volatile sulfur compounds, and (4) reactive sulfur gases. LBNL developed a new method that combines the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) with small emission chambers to measure the reactive sulfur gases, then extended that technique to measure the full suite of volatile sulfur compounds. The testing procedure and analysis methods are described in detail herein. Emission factors were measured under a single set of controlled environmental conditions. The results are compared graphically for each method and in detailed tables for use in estimating indoor exposure concentrations
Factors for conversion between human and automatic read-outs of CDMAM images
Purpose: According to the European protocol for the quality control of the physical and technical aspects of mammography screening (EPQCM) image quality of digital mammography devices has to be assessed using human evaluation of the CDMAM contrast-detail phantom. This is accomplished by the determination of threshold thicknesses of gold disks with different diameters (0.08-2 mm) and revealed to be very time consuming. Therefore a software solution based on a nonprewhitening matched filter (NPW) model was developed at University of Nijmegen. Factors for the conversion from automatic to human readouts have been determined by Young et al.[Proc. SPIE 614206, 1-13 (2006) and Proc. SPIE 6913, 69131C1 (2008)] using a huge amount of data of both human and automatic readouts. These factors depend on the observer groups and are purely phenomenological. The authors present an alternative approach to determine the factors by using the Rose observer model. Methods: Their method uses the Rose theory which gives a relationship between threshold contrast, diameter of the object and number of incident photons. To estimate the conversion factors for the five diameters from 0.2 to 0.5 mm they exposed with five different current-time products which resulted in 25 equations with five unknowns. Results: The theoretical conversion factors (in dependence of the diameters) amounted to be 1.61 {+-} 0.02 (0.2 mm diameter), 1.67 {+-} 0.02 (0.25 mm), 1.85 {+-} 0.02 (0.31 mm), 2.09 {+-} 0.02 (0.4 mm), and 2.28 {+-} 0.02 (0.5 mm). The corresponding phenomenological factors found in literature are 1.74 (0.2 mm), 1.78 (0.25 mm), 1.83 (0.31 mm), 1.88 (0.4 mm), and 1.93 (0.5 mm). Conclusions: They transferred the problem of determining the factors to a well known observer model which has been examined for many years and is also well established. This method reveals to be reproduceable and produces factors comparable to the phenomenological ones.
Figl, Michael; Hoffmann, Rainer; Kaar, Marcus; Semturs, Friedrich; Brasik, Natasa; Birkfellner, Wolfgang; Homolka, Peter; Hummel, Johann [Center for medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria A-1090 (Austria); Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria A-1090 (Austria); Center for medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria A-1090 (Austria); Center for medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria A-1090 and Department of Radio-oncology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria A-1160 (Austria)
Meeting Human Reliability Requirements through Human Factors Design, Testing, and Modeling
In the design of novel systems, it is important for the human factors engineer to work in parallel with the human reliability analyst to arrive at the safest achievable design that meets design team safety goals and certification or regulatory requirements. This paper introduces the System Development Safety Triptych, a checklist of considerations for the interplay of human factors and human reliability through design, testing, and modeling in product development. This paper also explores three phases of safe system development, corresponding to the conception, design, and implementation of a system.
R. L. Boring
Transcription Factors Bind Thousands of Active and InactiveRegions in the Drosophila Blastoderm
Identifying the genomic regions bound by sequence-specific regulatory factors is central both to deciphering the complex DNA cis-regulatory code that controls transcription in metazoans and to determining the range of genes that shape animal morphogenesis. Here, we use whole-genome tiling arrays to map sequences bound in Drosophila melanogaster embryos by the six maternal and gap transcription factors that initiate anterior-posterior patterning. We find that these sequence-specific DNA binding proteins bind with quantitatively different specificities to highly overlapping sets of several thousand genomic regions in blastoderm embryos. Specific high- and moderate-affinity in vitro recognition sequences for each factor are enriched in bound regions. This enrichment, however, is not sufficient to explain the pattern of binding in vivo and varies in a context-dependent manner, demonstrating that higher-order rules must govern targeting of transcription factors. The more highly bound regions include all of the over forty well-characterized enhancers known to respond to these factors as well as several hundred putative new cis-regulatory modules clustered near developmental regulators and other genes with patterned expression at this stage of embryogenesis. The new targets include most of the microRNAs (miRNAs) transcribed in the blastoderm, as well as all major zygotically transcribed dorsal-ventral patterning genes, whose expression we show to be quantitatively modulated by anterior-posterior factors. In addition to these highly bound regions, there are several thousand regions that are reproducibly bound at lower levels. However, these poorly bound regions are, collectively, far more distant from genes transcribed in the blastoderm than highly bound regions; are preferentially found in protein-coding sequences; and are less conserved than highly bound regions. Together these observations suggest that many of these poorly-bound regions are not involved in early-embryonic transcriptional regulation, and a significant proportion may be nonfunctional. Surprisingly, for five of the six factors, their recognition sites are not unambiguously more constrained evolutionarily than the immediate flanking DNA, even in more highly bound and presumably functional regions, indicating that comparative DNA sequence analysis is limited in its ability to identify functional transcription factor targets.
Li, Xiao-Yong; MacArthur, Stewart; Bourgon, Richard; Nix, David; Pollard, Daniel A.; Iyer, Venky N.; Hechmer, Aaron; Simirenko, Lisa; Stapleton, Mark; Luengo Hendriks, Cris L.; Chu, Hou Cheng; Ogawa, Nobuo; Inwood, William; Sementchenko, Victor; Beaton, Amy; Weiszmann, Richard; Celniker, Susan E.; Knowles, David W.; Gingeras, Tom; Speed, Terence P.; Eisen, Michael B.; Biggin, Mark D.
Bounding the greybody factors for the Reissner-Nordstr÷m black holes
A black hole can emit radiation called Hawking radiation. Such radiation seen by an observer outside the black hole differs from the original radiation near the horizon of the black hole by the so-called "greybody factor". In this paper, the bounds of the greybody factors for the Reissner-Nordstr\\"{o}m black holes are obtained. These bounds can be derived by using the 2 x 2 transfer matrices. It is found that the charges of black holes act as good barriers.
Reduction factor for the ground resistance of the foot in substation yards
Limited thickness of the surface layer of gravel in a substation yard decreases the ground resistance of the foot from its value for the infinite thickness of the surface layer, by reduction factor C. The foot is usually represented by an equivalent circular plate of radius 8 cm. This paper presents method and equations to accurately determine the reduction factor for the circular plate. The equations are valid for any depth of the upper layer. The data are presented in the form of graphs. A simple empirical equation for determining the value of C is also presented.
Thapar, B.; Gerez, V.; Kejriwal, H. (Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States))
Away-from-reactor storage of spent nuclear fuel: factors affecting demand
This report analyzes factors that affect the magnitude and timing of demand for government AFRs, relative to the demand for other storage options, to assist policymakers in predicting this demand. Past predictions of AFT demand range widely and often appear to conflict. This report helps to explain the apparent conflicts among existing demand predictions by demonstrating their sensitivity to changes in key assumptions. Specifically, the report analyzes factors affecting the demand for government AFR storage facilities; illustrates why demand estimates may vary; and identifies actions that may be undertaken by groups, within and outside the government, to influence the level and timing of demands.
Dinneen, P.M.; Solomon, K.A.; Triplett, M.B.
Source Energy and Emission Factors for Energy Use in Buildings (Revised)
This document supports the other measurement procedures and all building energy-monitoring projects by providing methods to calculate the source energy and emissions from the energy measured at the building. Energy and emission factors typically account for the conversion inefficiencies at the power plant and the transmission and distribution losses from the power plant to the building. The energy and emission factors provided here also include the precombustion effects, which are the energy and emissions associated with extracting, processing, and delivering the primary fuels to the point of conversion in the electrical power plants or directly in the buildings.
Deru, M.; Torcellini, P.
Characterization of the Immersion Factor for a Series of In-Water Optical Radiometers
Spectral immersion factors, If(?), account for the difference between the in-air and in-water absolute response of submersible radiometers and are required to properly apply the in-air absolute calibration of the sensor when used underwater. The ...
G. Zibordi; S. B. Hooker; J. Mueller; G. Lazin
Comparative study for EAF's reactive energy compensation methods and power factor improvement
In this paper is analyzing the current operating conditions of one electric arc furnace (EAF) in order to evaluate the best option to solve the energy consumption problem. Experimental results show that EAFs represent a substantial source of electric ... Keywords: electric arc furnace, flicker, harmonic analysis, improvement, power factor, reactive compensator
Deaconu Sorin Ioan; Popa Gabriel Nicolae; Tihomir Latinovic
Estimation of dynamics of risk factors by the dynamic regression method
A problem is considered for the estimation of dynamics of risk factors and other indicators of health by the data of a number of population studies performed in various years on the same age category of the population. In the case of the nonlinear time ... Keywords: 87.15.Aa
V. A. Moltchanov; A. I. Mikhal'Skii
Modeling Effects of Physical Factors on Controller Area Network in Cyber-physical Systems
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are becoming a promising research field to integrate the computing components, the physical processes, and the communication networks. A primary challenge in designing CPS is to understand the effect of physical factors on ... Keywords: Cyber-physical systems (CPS), Controller Area Network (CAN), performance analysis, temperature, electromagnetic interference
Bo Shen, Xingshe Zhou, Ru Wang
Studies of Nucleon Form Factors with 12 GeV CEBAF and SuperBigBite
The elastic electromagnetic form factors are among the most fundamental quantities that describe the ground-state structure of the proton and neutron. Precision data of the form factors over a wide kinematical range provide a powerful test of current theories of hadron structure. A number of experiments aiming to measure the electric and magnetic elastic form factors of the neutron, G{sub E}{sup n} and G{sub M}{sup n}, and proton, G{sub E}{sup p}, at very high momentum transfer, up to the range of Q{sup 2} = 10-14 (GeV/c){sup 2}, are planned to be carried out with the future 11 GeV electron beam of the upgraded CEBAF at Jefferson Lab. These experiments will determine the nucleon form factors with unprecedented precision to Q{sup 2}-values up to three times higher than those of existing data. We review the approved proposals and the conceptual design of a new spectrometer, SuperBigBite, that will be used in these and other future experiments at Jefferson Lab.
Jens-Ole Hansen
Parametric Analysis of the Factors Controlling the Costs of Sedimentary Geothermal Systems - Preliminary Results (Poster)
Parametric analysis of the factors controlling the costs of sedimentary geothermal systems was carried out using a modified version of the Geothermal Electricity Technology Evaluation Model (GETEM). The sedimentary system modeled assumed production from and injection into a single sedimentary formation.
Augustine, C.
Immersion Factor of In-Water Radiance Sensors: Assessment for a Class of Radiometers
The spectral immersion factor of in-water radiance sensors If quantifies the effects of changes in the sensor's response when operated in water versus in air. The values of If are currently computed with a relationship derived from a basic sensor ...
Giuseppe Zibordi
New Empirical Relationship between Thrust Coefficient and Induction Factor for the Turbulent Windmill State
Wind turbines sometimes experience the turbulent windmill state during startup or shutdown. This rarely happens during normal operation, so it has little effect on power curves or energy production. However, for completeness we need to be able to model situations where the axial induction factor exceeds 0.5. Classical momentum theory, which shows a relationship between the thrust coefficient and the axial induction factor, is not valid in this region. Glauert plotted some experimental data taken by Lock in the 1920s against this parabolic relationship and found very poor agreement for operation in this high-induction state. He proposed a new empirical relationship to fit the experimental data. Unfortunately, the new empirical curve does not account for tip or hub losses. Others have proposed multiplying the axial induction factor by the loss factor to correct the curve, but this still leaves a mathematical no-man's-land between the classical curve and the modified version of Glauert's empirical curve. The purpose of this paper is to document the derivation of a new curve that accounts for tip and hub losses and eliminates the numerical problems of the previous approaches.
Buhl, M.L., Jr.
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis- 2012
Report provides tables of present-value factors for use in the life-cycle cost analysis of capital investment projects for federal facilities. It also provides energy price indices based on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) forecasts from 2012 to 2042.
Please refer to the disclaimer at the end of this document. The Fundamentals of Fundamental Factor
Fundamental analysis is the process of determining a securityÆs future value by analyzing a combination of macro and microeconomic events and company specific characteristics. Though fundamental analysis focuses on the valuation of individual companies, most institutional investors recognize that there are common factors 1 affecting all stocks. For example,
Jennifer Bender; Frank Nielsen
A global fouling factor methodology for analyzing steam generator thermal performance degradation
Over the past few years, steam generator (SG) thermal performance degradation has led to decreased plant efficiency and power output at numerous PWR nuclear power plants with recirculating-type SGs. The authors have developed and implemented methodologies for quantitatively evaluating the various sources of SG performance degradation, both internal and external to the SG pressure boundary. These methodologies include computation of the global fouling factor history, evaluation of secondary deposit thermal resistance using deposit characterization data, and consideration of pressure loss causes unrelated to the tube bundle, such as hot-leg temperature streaming and SG moisture separator fouling. In order to evaluate the utility of the global fouling factor methodology, the authors performed case studies for a number of PWR SG designs. Key results from two of these studies are presented here. In tandem with the fouling-factor analyses, a study evaluated for each plant the potential causes of pressure loss. The combined results of the global fouling factor calculations and the pressure-loss evaluations demonstrated two key points: (1) that the available thermal margin against fouling, which can vary substantially from plant to plant, has an important bearing on whether a given plant exhibits losses in electrical generating capacity, and (2) that a wide variety of causes can result in SG thermal performance degradation.
Kreider, M.A.; White, G.A.; Varrin, R.D. Jr. [Dominion Engineering, Inc., McLean, VA (United States)
Review: Balancing Limiting Factors and Economic Drivers to Achieve Sustainable Midwestern US Agricultural Residue Feedstock Supplies
Advanced biofuels will be developed using cellulosic feedstock rather than grain or oilseed crops that can also be used for food and feed. To be sustainable, these new agronomic production systems must be economically viable without degrading soil resources. This review examines six agronomic factors that collectively define many of the limits and opportunities for harvesting crop residue for biofuel feedstock. These six ōlimiting factorsö are discussed in relationship to economic drivers associated with harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) stover as a potential cellulosic feedstock. The limiting factors include soil organic carbon, wind and water erosion, plant nutrient balance, soil water and temperature dynamics, soil compaction, and off-site environmental impacts. Initial evaluations using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2.0 (RUSLE2) show that a single factor analysis based on simply meeting tolerable soil loss might indicate stover could be harvested sustainably, but the same analysis based on maintaining soil organic carbon shows the practice to be non-sustainable. Modifying agricultural management to include either annual or perennial cover crops is shown to meet both soil erosion and soil carbon requirements. The importance of achieving high yields and planning in a holistic manner at the landscape scale are also shown to be crucial for balancing limitations and drivers associated with renewable bioenergy production.
Wally W. Wilhelm; J. Richard Hess; Douglas L. Karlen; David J. Muth; Jane M. F. Johnson; John M. Baker; Hero T. Gollany; Jeff M. Novak; Diane E. Stott; Gary E. Varvel
Factor of two : halving the fuel consumption of new U.S. Automobiles by 2035
This thesis examines the vehicle design and sales mix changes necessary to double the average fuel economy of new U.S. cars and light-trucks by model year 2035. To achieve this factor of two target, three technology options ...
Cheah, Lynette W
An Instrument for Measuring the Key Factors of Successin Software Process Improvement
Understanding how to implement SPI successfully is arguably the most challenging issue facing the SPI field today. The SPI literature contains many case studies of successful companies and descriptions of their SPI programs. However, there has ... Keywords: Software process improvement, measurement instrument, success factors
Tore Dyba
Negative elongation factor NELF controls transcription of immediate early genes in a stimulus-specific manner
The transcription rate of immediate early genes (IEGs) is controlled directly by transcription elongation factors at the transcription elongation step. Negative elongation factor (NELF) and 5,6-dichloro-1-{beta}-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) stall RNA polymerase II (pol II) soon after transcription initiation. Upon induction of IEG transcription, DSIF is converted into an accelerator for pol II elongation. To address whether and how NELF as well as DSIF controls overall IEG transcription, its expression was reduced using stable RNA interference in GH4C1 cells. NELF knock-down reduced thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced transcription of the IEGs c-fos, MKP-1, and junB. In contrast, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced transcription of these IEGs was unaltered or even slightly increased by NELF knock-down. Thus, stable knock-down of NELF affects IEG transcription stimulation-specifically. Conversely, DSIF knock-down reduced both TRH- and EGF-induced transcription of the three IEGs. Interestingly, TRH-induced activation of the MAP kinase pathway, a pathway essential for transcription of the three IEGs, was down-regulated by NELF knock-down. Thus, stable knock-down of NELF, by modulating intracellular signaling pathways, caused stimulation-specific loss of IEG transcription. These observations indicate that NELF controls overall IEG transcription via multiple mechanisms both directly and indirectly.
Fujita, Toshitsugu; Piuz, Isabelle [Fondation pour Recherches Medicales, University of Geneva, 64 av. de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva (Switzerland); Schlegel, Werner [Fondation pour Recherches Medicales, University of Geneva, 64 av. de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva (Switzerland)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
A time-domain Discontinuous Galerkin method for mechanical resonator quality factor computations
Numerical simulations are becoming increasingly important in the design of micromechanical resonators, in particular for the prediction of complex frequency response in high quality devices where damping is controlled by anchor losses. Frequency based ... Keywords: Anchor loss, Discontinuous Galerkin, Filter diagonalization, Helmholtz, Linear elasticity, MEMS resonator, Quality factor, Time-domain
Sanjay Govindjee; Per-Olof Persson
A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects
While software is so important for all facets of the modern world, software development itself is not a perfect process. Agile software engineering methods have recently emerged as a new and different way of developing software as compared to the traditional ... Keywords: Agile methods, Critical success factors, Software development
Tsun Chow; Dac-Buu Cao
An Automated System for Delivery of an Unstable Transcription Factor to Hematopoietic Stem
Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 3 culture applications would permit studying more complex culture strategies and simplify measures taken transcription factor delivery studies. The development of a reporter cell assay allowed for kinetic studies
Zandstra, Peter W.
Climate Change and Forest Sinks: Factors Affecting the Costs of Carbon Sequestration
this paper may be reproduced without permission of the authors. Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not undergone formal peer review or the editorial treatment accorded RFF books and other publications. CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOREST SINKS: FACTORS AFFECTING THE COSTS OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION
Richard G. Newell; Richard G. Newell; Robert N. Stavins; Robert N. Stavins
Factorization of Darboux transformations of arbitrary order for 2D Schroedinger type operators
We prove the conjecture formulated by Darboux that every Darboux transformation of arbitrary order d for a second-order differential operator on the plane can be factorized into elementary Darboux transformations of order 1. Our proof is constructive. Previously, we established the same result for the Darboux transformations of order 2; we used invariantization and regularized moving frames for pseudogroups of Olver--Pohjanpelto. In the present paper, we use a different, more algebraic, method. We study the algebraic structure and relations for the mappings involved. In the 1D case, a proof of the analogous statement about factorization of the Darboux transformations for Schroedinger operators had been obtained, in four steps, by Veselov and Shabat, and Bagrov--Samsonov. In that case the factorization is not unique and the relations between different factorizations can be described in terms of Yang--Baxter maps (Adler and Veselov). Any analogs of that for the 2D case studied in this paper, remain an open question.
Ekaterina Shemyakova
Factors influencing e-government maturity in transition economies and developing countries: a longitudinal perspective
This study examines the influences of relevant environmental factors on E-government (E-gov) maturity in transition economies and developing countries (TEDC). Countries from Eastern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin American and South Asia were selected ... Keywords: developing countries, e-government growth, neoclassical economic theories, transition economies
Princely Ifinedo
A Study of the Dynamic Factors Influencing the Rainfall Variability in the West African Sahel
This study examines selected dynamical factors associated with wet and dry years in the West African Sahel. The approach is to evaluate the temperature, wind, and moisture fields and the dynamic instabilities for a 4-yrōwetö composite (1958¢61) ...
Jeremy P. Grist; Sharon E. Nicholson
Factors Influencing Community Health Centers' Efficiency: A Latent Growth Curve Modeling Approach
The objective of study is to examine factors affecting the variation in technical and cost efficiency of community health centers (CHCs). A panel study design was formulated to examine the relationships among the contextual, organizational structural, ... Keywords: Community health centers, Cost efficiency, Growth curve modeling, Technical efficiency
Shriram Marathe; Thomas T. Wan; Jackie Zhang; Kevin Sherin
number. The reported studies have focused on flow over smooth surfaces. In industrial applications )sin( 2 2 =++ + dx Ud U D f g dx dP Equation 2 Most friction factor correlations used in industry with an internal diameter of 150 mm were made of honed steel tubing to ensure high quality tolerance of the inner
Gudmundsson, Jon Steinar
Classical and quantal atomic form factors for arbitrary transitions D. Vrinceanu and M. R. Flannery
to collision with particles or exposure to electromagnetic radiation which induces a sudden change q be decomposed into an internal structure part, provided by the form factor of the target, and a dynamic part is the probability of an internal transition arising from any external impulsive perturbation whether due
Paper to be presented at the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting,
Paper to be presented at the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting, Baltimoreth , 2001 attacks , the "dead wrong" evaluation of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction ("Report: Iraq Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, 2005, March 31). However, in this paper, we argue that this lack
Petrick, Irene J.
Structural Factorization of Plants to Compute Their Functional and Architectural Growth
Numerical simulation of plant growth has been facing a bottleneck due to the cumbersome computation implied by the complex plant topological structure. In this article, the authors present a new mathematical model for plant growth, GreenLab, overcoming ... Keywords: GreenLab, Plant growth simulation, functional structural plant models, growth operator, structural factorization
Paul-Henry CournĶde; Meng-Zhen Kang; Amķlie Mathieu; Jean-Franńois Barczi; Hong-Pin Yan; Bao-Gang Hu; Philippe De Reffye