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Federal intelligence agencies could spend up to $6 billion over five years on a wide-ranging information technology contract aiming to integrate IT services into a common environment.
The contract will support the Intelligence Community Information Technology Enterprise, an effort to consolidate IT services across the intelligence community in a bid to to improve information sharing and collaboration. Today, accessing data held by a particular agency can be difficult for others due to disparities in their systems.
As part of the IC ITE consolidation strategy, the Defense Intelligence Agency released March 18 a request for proposal for a multiple-award contract, called Enhanced Solutions for the Information Technology Enterprise. Intelligence agencies both within the Defense Department and outside it, not just the DIA, will be able to make purchases through it, though DIA will oversee the contract.
The federal government leadership is being challenged to cut spending and reinvest in areas with greater opportunity. Review the Federal CIO's strategic approach to achieve more with less, and learn how to implement and create the infrastructure to support your strategy.
"E-SITE is intended to marry up with and conform with the framework that IC ITE put in place," said Trey Hodgkins, senior vice president at the Information Technology Industry Council, a Washington, D.C.-based industry group.
The contract will involve IT system architecture, project management, software development, help desk services, mobile device support, cybersecurity, satellite communications support and more.
The RFP says awardees will need the expertise in a long list of areas, including understanding the interrelationships of technologies, data migration, and elastic cloud computing – in which a cloud system's capacity shifts automatically in accordance with demand.
The agency says that "it is not possible to determine the precise types or amounts of services that will be ordered" under the E-SITE contract, and that the contractors could have to adapt to "an emergent requirement with little or no advance notice."
This article can also be found on Fierce Government IT's website.


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@browncoat - Well, that's the job though. I mean, either they are qualified to do it or they aren't. And most trials are double-blind now so the nurse won't have any control or knowledge of who is getting placebo and who isn't. Nurses fresh from university are often more passionate and have new ideas which is good.
But, I don't think most nursing research is trials anyway. I'd imagine the foundations of nursing research lie more in observation and gathering statistics than anything and aside from knowing the information gathering techniques that's not that different from standard nursing.

subset: commoncrawl


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Democracy Now! (9 am), for December 21, 2011 - 9:00am
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Bradley Manning's Defense Strategy on Display as Military Prosecutors Rest Case in Pretrial Hearing; Iraq Combat Veteran Dan Choi Forcibly Ousted, Barred From Bradley Manning Hearing at Ft. Meade; In Exiting Iraq, U.S. Military Discards Trove of Found Documents on 2005 Haditha Massacre of Iraqis; With Pre-Caucus Focus on GOP Race, Occupy Movement Steps Up Activism in Iowa.
headlines | Dec 21, 2011
Military Rests Case in Bradley Manning Hearing
U.S. Commander in Afghanistan Suggests Extended Occupation Beyond 2014
Top U.S. General Returns from Iraq
Syrian Opposition Demands Action as Toll Mounts
Egyptian Women Protest Military Attacks
House Republicans Reject Senate Tax Cut Deal
Boston Resident Convicted of Aiding Al-Qaeda for Online Postings
U.S. Nuclear Safety Chief Visits Fukushima Plant
U.N. Security Council Members Criticize U.S. on Israeli Settlements
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Bridging the Gap: Stories of Stigma and Strength, Powered by PechaKucha
Wednesday, April 16, 2014 from 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm
Strand Union Building, Ballroom D
Strand Union Building, Ballroom D
Come for a powerful and exiting event about Mental Health and resiliency. One in four American adults struggle with a mental health disorder, yet many do not seek help due to stigma.
Bridging the Gap: Stories of Stigma and Strength, Powered by PechaKucha, hopes to address and de-stigmatize help seeking behaviors and promote growth. Come for an exciting, fast paced event, to hear stories of overcoming stigma to a sense of power and strength.
The cost of this event is: Free
For questions regarding this event, please contact:
Counseling & Psychological Services
Sponsored by:
Active Minds,
Chi Sigma Iota
Listed as: Entertainment Audience Performances Cultural All Audiences


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These resorts offer high-end accommodations and a bonus: first-class menus of health and wellness offerings.
Business Jet Traveler
January 21, 2014
John McCarthy dreamed about starting Business Jet Traveler long before he began working for our parent company, AIN Publications, in 1984. In fact, the concept originally came to him many years prior when he was the advertising manager for Piper Aircraft.
January 20, 2014
BJT readers—who represent one of the highest-net-worth magazine audiences anywhere—clearly have the means to contribute to a better world. To help you do that, we're spotlighting one deserving organization per issue.
January 20, 2014
Set in the middle of Zurich, Switzerland, the bucolic Baur au Lac Hotel dates from 1844 and is still run by the family that founded it. It offers an oasis of pastoral calm in an otherwise hopping city.
January 8, 2014
The first time golf course architect Bill Coore walked this 400-acre site overlooking the South China Sea, he hardly said a word. Nothing unusual there, as he tends to take his time before deciding whether a piece of land will work.
December 2, 2013
As editor Jeff Burger notes in his piece on BJT's first decade (see BJT's First Ten Years, Oct./Nov. 2013), we work hard here to make each issue of the magazine better than the last.
November 26, 2013
Ever wonder what it would be like to pilot a helicopter? Then pick up the new second edition of a book from former BJT editor-in-chief R. Randall Padfield, which employs a conversational style to demystify the art and science of helicopter flying.
November 26, 2013
The holiday season always causes some anxiety as I worry about getting appropriate presents for everyone on my list. This year, though, I compiled BJT's annual gift guide, so I have more good ideas than usual.
November 26, 2013
Bizjet passengers often express confusion about when to give gratuities to pilots and crews. Here's help.
"You're absolutely right—and you can't stand up in your [expletive] Rolls-Royce, either."
-William Lear, in the early '60s, replying to a man who complained that he couldn't stand up in the original Lear Jet


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In a mid-December post, SeniorHousingNews.com reviewed senior living industry highlights from 2011 and insights about what to expect in 2012. Some anticipate that healthcare reform will be a driving force behind future changes; others surmise that adjustments to Medicare and Medicaid funding, shifting demographics (evident in the increasing popularity of "active adult communities") and rising acuity levels will also feed trends.
From the end of 2010 and throughout this fiscal year, the face of the market continued to alter dramatically thanks to REITs (real estate investment trusts), with several multi-billion dollar acquisitions closing in the second quarter.
The weakened economy is partly to blame for changes in the way consumers view and use assisted living and other residential communities, as many in assisted living have chosen to bring in home care or other ancillary services through a third party provider rather than paying a higher monthly rate to the community.
Assisted living in Florida has been in the spotlight over the past year, as severe cases of abuse and neglect (some even leading to death) catapulted the state into a heated regulatory battle between senior living providers, government officials, and other stakeholders. Per the post, the debate about whether assisted living should fall "in the continuum of the medical field" will be a hot topic in 2012.
Your turn: What positive changes do you hope to see in the senior living industry in 2012?


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The Best Of Albert King
Albert King
1. I'll Play The Blues For You (Parts 1 And 2) 7:21 2. Killing Floor 3:08 3. Honky Tonk Women 3:59 4. The Sky Is Crying 4:09 5. Breaking Up Somebody's Home 3:39 6. Hound Dog 4:03 7. That's What The Blues Is All About 3:54 8. Angel Of Mercy 4:15 9. Everybody Wants To Go To Heaven 3:45 10. Can't You See What You're Doing To Me 3:38 11. Answer To The Laundromat Blues 4:40 12. I Wanna Get Funky 4:08 13. Blues Power 10:17
Albert King's groundbreaking soul-imbued recordings for Stax between 1966 and '74 defined the state of modern blues during that period and had a vast and lasting impact on guitar players on both sides of the Atlantic. Not only did his unique style alter the approaches of such already established blues stylists as Otis Rush and Albert Collins, but it had a tremendous influence on younger musicians like Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, Jimi Hendrix, and Stevie Ray Vaughan. Recorded between 1968 and '73, both in the studio and in person, these 13 tracks are among the most popular and frequently requested performances of King's stellar career.
Find out more about Albert King


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Laurence Flower of Chelsea ; was indicted for feloniously stealing a Bay Gelding value 35 s. the Goods of Richard Simms , on the 14th of April . The Prosecutor deposed, that he lost his Horse from Oldfield-Common near Maiden-head , and found him in Smithfield with Tho Watts . Tho Watts deposed he bought him of the Prisoner at Chelsea. Mr. Lovel confirmed the same. The Prisoner said he found him on the Road. But that Excuse did not avail him, the Jury found him Guilty . Death .


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adrien April 3, 2011
hentai is good
Ivynot1987 February 24, 2011
So cute, so sexy... i love the song, i love ecchi... =D
OHYEAH February 13, 2011
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XXX........V.........xxx April 20, 2011
the name of the music is "take me away" from 4 strings
anonymus September 29, 2011
4 Strings - Take me away
<3 hentai February 19, 2012
Beautiful picture! Why never see this in a really vidéo?
xXx January 27, 2012
Cathy December 30, 2011
Sooooooo cute...SEXY
itshere January 29, 2011
musik+pics makes me dream :DDDD
Jay December 6, 2010
Fuck Me thats hot
latinoamerica September 27, 2010
adoro el hentai
Magellan August 24, 2010
What is th name of the music ?
UNKNOWN^^ June 29, 2010
this isa da best watching hentai babes forever in my life!!!!
WILLIAM October 5, 2010
Wath is the name of the music? cual es el nombre de la cancion?
latinagirl October 8, 2010
songname please ;)
othelia November 4, 2010
love the pics, love the soudtrack, love ecchi
song delivered November 3, 2010
4 strings - Take Me Away
LoL October 20, 2010
buen video o.0 unas imagenes vien chidas xDD me dejo con la boca abierta jaja y una buena rola me pregunto como se llama? pasenme el nombre de esa rola k esta chida xD saludos
some guy June 21, 2010
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Colleges & Departments
The curriculum at Urbana University is designed to reflect the values of liberal arts and career education.
Many courses and programs are directed toward acquiring the knowledge, skills, and attitudes appropriate to pursue selected careers.
Degree programs are designed to provide the basic preparation for a career. The entire curriculum reflects an emphasis on personal development, an emphasis directly related to the University's historic commitment to liberal education. This approach to learning seeks to broaden the perspective of an individual toward his or her career while also providing an intellectual foundation for personal development through life. Specific academic degree requirements are determined by the College in which the major program resides.
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- Liberally educated persons need to be able to express their thoughts effectively in writing and in speech.
- Liberally educated persons should have exposure to the scientific method of experimentation and logical reasoning provided through science and mathematics courses.
- Liberally educated persons will reflect critically on fundamental values of human existence in the global community, giving rise to their own personal development and to an understanding and appreciation of values different from their own. This will further enable them to function effectively and responsibly in an open society.
- Liberally educated persons need to have an understanding of the society in which they live and of individual relationships in society.
College of Arts & Sciences
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Phone: 937-484-1318
Fax: 937-484-1317
College of Arts & Sciences Employees
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Phone: 937-484-1340
Fax: 937-484-1343
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Fax: 937-484-1365
The College of Education and Sports Studies provides programs of study in professional programs including teacher preparation and sport studies.
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Phone: 937-328-9610
Fax: 937-328-8668
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Phone: 937-484-1318
Fax: 937-484-1317
College of Social & Behavioral Sciences Employees
The College of Social and Behavioral Sciences encompasses a wide variety of academic disciplines from which students may select a program.


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Shadows of Dawn combines heavy riffs and a technical dual guitar attack accented by strings, synths and brutal percussion. A conglomeration of influences ranging from early thrash metal to modern experimental. A wall of sound meant to stimulate, entice, titillate, and tease every sense, leaving the observer with a welcome addiction, salivating for more. With a wealth of musical history from each performer, Shadows of Dawn brings a variety of musical styles together to create a new chapter in the history of heavy metal.
The often softspoken frontman for Shadows of Dawn, Dan brings a musical approach far outside of normal conventions to the table. The former frontman for New Jersey band "Redemption in Ruins," Dan has a wide variety of talents he brings to the table in both the writing and performance aspect of the band. As the former bassist for Shadows of Dawn, Dan is reminiscent of a young Cliff Burton or Steve Harris. Vocally, Dan likens his sound to bands such as Sentenced, Queen, Machine Head, and Anthrax. His musical tastes fall under a wide spectrum ranging from Billy Joel to Dark Tranquility, and can often be heard in his writing. Other endeavors include Artist Development and Management for independent artists and Music Licensing and Marketing. When not with Shadows of Dawn, you can find Dan thumbing through his large comic book collection or adding his own creations to his already extensive library.
Originally wanting to be a drummer, Jay opted for an acoustic guitar when his parents told him drums were out of the question. Jay took to the instrument right away, learning classical guitar and basic sight reading until he got his first electric guitar 6 months later. It was soon after that, that his life would change forever when he discovered the incredible classically influenced playing of Randy Rhoads on Ozzy Osbourne's "Blizzard of Ozz" album. From then on the guitar became an obsession, with Jay often practicing for many hours each day, working toward his goal of mastering the instrument, and deciding from then on that music would be the path we would take with his life. A member of Shadows of Dawn since 2004, Jay has become an important figure in the band, taking over duties as the main songwriter, and shaping the band's sound with his technical, but melodic riffing. In addition to playing in Shadows of Dawn, Jay is also a private guitar teacher and rhythm guitarist for instrumental shred virtuoso Angel Vivaldi.
Rob started his music career in the 5th grade when he picked up the saxophone. After playing for 2 years he then picked up the guitar. While at first learning songs by ear, guitar did not become a main instrument until a few years later. After becoming serious on saxophone and auditioning for all regional and state wind ensemble and jazz bands, guitar followed soon suit. At the time Rob was listening to bands such as Iron Maiden, Slayer, Guns N' Roses, Metallica and Judas Priest. He was then introduced to bands like Death, Iced Earth, In Flames and Opeth to name a few. This projected his guitar playing into new horizons. In 2003, Rob was asked to join Shadows of Dawn to play rhythm guitar and help with writing new songs. After about 7 years with the band, Rob decided to take a hiatus to work on becoming an audio engineer. Upon completing school, Rob joined the industrial metal band Methodical and stayed with them for just over year. After leaving, Rob was then asked to come back to Shadows of Dawn. In addition to playing in Shadows, Rob is also a producer and song writer for the band Fire 4 Effect. He also holds position of chief engineer at IGM studios and sales representative for Dynacoustics.
Dylan is no stranger to the entertainment industry. A composer and multi-instrumentalist, he is a widely-talented performer and showman. Performing under the name "Dementis', with the world famous 'Bros. Grim Sideshow' as a bally talker, fire performer, contact juggler, and designer, Dylan honed his skills on the road as well as session work and ventures in previous musical projects and heavy metal bands in the tri-state area. Dylan started his musical career at the age of 14 as a session player with various NYC Industrial bands. Shortly after college, he spent years training in the sideshow arts and building up a reputation as a magnetic force in front of a crowd. When not with Shadows of Dawn, you can find Dylan under the big top, or quietly meditating at home. Some of Dylan's other hobbies include voice-over work, photography, painting, glass etching, and sculpture.
Although he dabbled in playing piano as a kid, Chris did not take much interest in music until he was a teenager. In 2002, a time when a band was more likely to have a DJ than a piano player, Chris took to the bass, liking its sound more then the guitar. He picked up how to play a 4-string rather quickly and bought a 5-string within less then a year of playing. Some time later, with growing from influences of mainstream rock, nu-metal, and punk; he started listening to Primus, which opened up a whole new and versatile way of playing the instrument, as well as introducing him to 6-string bass. He also began listening to such bass virtuosos as Victor Wooten and Stu Hamm while widening and honing his playing styles. In 2005, he joined up with instrumental guitarist Angel Vivaldi, as well as playing with some other locals acts in this time, introducing him to progressive metal. In 2011 Chris joined Shadows of Dawn filling in the slot left from Dan's move to lead vocals. In addition to playing in Shadows of Dawn, Chris also plays in the horror punk band Deadly Nights, and has been playing live shows with Tommy Vext (Formerly of Divine Heresy).
Tom is a versatile drummer with an intensity that must be experienced. Currently recording and touring with Shadows of Dawn, he is also the drummer for Due for Extinction and Fire4Effect. In addition, Tom is an accomplished tattoo artist and has a passion for monsters, sci-fi, and cartoons.


text: Every manufacturer gives you a warranty, generally for 1 year. Viveks extends this warranty for another 2 years. So, for a very tiny sum, you are fully protected from cost of repairs or replacements in the event of mechanical or electrical failure. Our Extended Warranty is available across all product categories and brands.


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Profile Bank makes staffing changes
Saturday, September 28, 2013
ROCHESTER — Profile Bank President Ken Wilman announces the following organizational changes, in order to proactively adapt to the changing needs of the banking industry:
"As the bank continues to grow, we will seek opportunities to further strengthen our ability to meet the needs of our customers. Sowards' expertise and experience will greatly benefit our branch network and customers" said Wilman. For more information on Profile Bank or their products and services, visit their website at www.ProfileBank.com or call (603) 332-2610.


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Latest Articles
- nsnbc – from blog to daily newspaper next week. A letter from Christof Lehmann to nsnbc readers.
- Equatorial-Guinea President Obiang Mbasogo at third ASA Summit. An indirect Challenge to French Modo-Colonialism
- Palestinian Detainee Arafat Jaradat Dies In Israeli Prison
- Deutsche Bank Alex Brown and 9/11 Insider Trading – A Final Word from Lars Schall
- Lavrov: US Veto of UNSC Resolution to Condemn Damascus Blasts Indicates Double Standards
- Sanctions Show US Foreign Policy Hypocrisy – Interview with American author E. Michael Jones
- Venezuela's Chavez to Africa – South America Summit: We Must Unite
- NATO/ISAF Meeting In Brussels, No Withdrawal from Afghanistan before 2018
- The Baluchistan Belt. US-Saudi Funded Terrorists Sowing Chaos in Pakistan.
- Libya, the Anniversary of a Fraudulent Season – A Pale Celebration for the revolutionary Succubae
- Immediate action needed to ensure Israel respects hunger-strikers' rights
- FARC rejects allegations of Torture in Case of released Policemen
nsnbc archives
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Tag Archives: IMEMC
Fateh Fighters March In Nablus
Fateh Fighters March In Nablus By Saed Bannoura (IMEMC). For the first time in years, dozens of fighters of the Fateh movement of President Mahmoud Abbas, marched last week in the Balata refugee camp, carrying automatic rifles and firing into the air, … Continue reading
Peres: "Arafat Should Not Have Been Assassinated, Abbas Is A Partner In Peace"
Peres: "Arafat Should Not Have Been Assassinated, Abbas Is A Partner In Peace" By Saed Bannoura (IMEMC). In an interview that was conducted by the New York Times several months ago, and was only published Wednesday (and then republished by … Continue reading
Colonizing Christmas: Facts on Israeli Occupation and Bethlehem
Colonizing Christmas: Facts on Israeli Occupation and Bethlehem PLO Negotiations Affairs Department Issued Their Latest Fact Sheet entitled "Colonizing Christmas: Facts on Israeli Occupation and Bethlehem". Bethlehem is a vivid example of the severe and appalling effects that Israeli colonization … Continue reading
Posted in Culture, Middle East, Politics
Tagged Christmas in Palestine, Colonizing Christmas, Colonizing Jerusalem, Human Rights, IMEMC, Israel, Middle East, nsnbc, Occupation of Palestine, Palestine, palestine liberation organization, PLO NAD, PLO Negotiations Affairs department, PLO on Christmas, PLO on Occupation of Jerusalem and Christmas, PLO´s NAD issues report on occupation and Christmas, Politics, Religion, zionism
Palestine Wins General Assembly Vote
Palestine Wins General Assembly Vote The Palestinians managed to garner an overwhelming support to their UN General Assembly membership bid and were voted in as a nonmember observer state. 138 member states voted in favor of Palestine, while only 9 … Continue reading
Posted in Middle East, News, Politics, World
Tagged IMEMC, israeli military occupation, Mahmoud Abbas, Middle East, Middle East Security, nsnbc, Palestine attains UN Observer Status, Palestine non member status, palestinian president mahmoud abbas, Politics, UN General Assembly, united nations general assembly
Israel Approves 800 New Units In Gilo Settlement
Israel Approves 800 New Units In Gilo Settlement The Israeli government of Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, granted Thursday its official approval for the construction of 800 units in the Gilo illegal settlement, south of occupied Jerusalem. Construction bids will be … Continue reading
Posted in Middle East, News, Politics
Tagged benjamin Netanyahu, Construction and Planning Committee at the Ministry of Interior, Gilo Settlement, Hagit Ofran, Illegal Settlements, IMEMC, Israel, nsnbc, Occupation of Palestine, occupied palestinian territories, occupied west bank, Palestine, Peace Now, Saed Bannoura, Settlement Watch
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Court Rules Army "Not AT Fault" In Death Of Rachel Corrie
Court Rules Army "Not AT Fault" In Death Of Rachel Corrie An Israeli court ruled, Tuesday, that the army "was not at fault" in the murder of American peace activist, Rachel Corrie, who in 2003 was crushed to death by … Continue reading
Swiss Forensic Experts To Examine Arafat's Remains
Swiss Forensic Experts To Examine Arafat's Remains Experts working for the Swiss Radiophysics Institute stated Friday that they will be arriving in the West Bank to examine the remains of the late president, Yasser Arafat, after receiving the approval of … Continue reading
Posted in Middle East, News
Tagged Arafat Poisoned, Arafat resumed, ariel sharon, Examination of Arafat, IMEMC, Israel, murder on Arafat, nsnbc, PA, Palestine, Palestinian Authority, PLO, poisoning of Arafat, Politics, Polonium, president yasser arafat, Soha Arafat, Swiss forensic experts, Swiss Radiophysics Institute, Tawfiq Terawi, zionism


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!! History Commons Alert, Exciting News
This is a scalable context timeline. It contains events related to the event After 9:34 a.m. September 11, 2001: Military Liaisons at FAA Command Center Said to Be Informed of Flight 93 Hijacking. You can narrow or broaden the context of this timeline by adjusting the zoom level. The lower the scale, the more relevant the items on average will be, while the higher the scale, the less relevant the items, on average, will be.
According to a statement by two high-level FAA officials, "Within minutes after the first aircraft hit the World Trade Center, the FAA immediately established several phone bridges [i.e., telephone conference calls] that included FAA field facilities, the FAA command center, FAA headquarters, [Defense Department], the Secret Service, and other government agencies." The FAA shares "real-time information on the phone bridges about the unfolding events, including information about loss of communication with aircraft, loss of transponder signals, unauthorized changes in course, and other actions being taken by all the flights of interest, including Flight 77. Other parties on the phone bridges in turn shared information about actions they were taken." The statement says, "The US Air Force liaison to the FAA immediately joined the FAA headquarters phone bridge and established contact with NORAD on a separate line." [9/11 Commission, 5/23/2003] Another account says the phone bridges are "quickly established" by the Air Traffic Services Cell (ATSC). This is a small office at the FAA's Herndon Command Center, which is staffed by three military officers at the time of the attacks (see (Between 9:04 a.m. and 9:25 a.m.) September 11, 2001). It serves as the center's liaison with the military. According to Aviation Week and Space Technology, the phone bridges link "key players, such as NORAD's command center, area defense sectors, key FAA personnel, airline operations, and the NMCC." [Aviation Week and Space Technology, 6/10/2002; 9/11 Commission, 6/17/2004] According to an FAA transcript of employee conversations on 9/11, one of the phone bridges, between the FAA Command Center, the operations center at FAA headquarters, and air traffic control centers in Boston and New York, begins before Flight 11 hits the World Trade Center at 8:46 (see 8:46 a.m. September 11, 2001). [Federal Aviation Administration, 10/14/2003, pp. 3-10 ] If these accounts are correct, it means someone at NORAD should learn about Flight 77 when it deviates from its course (see (8:54 a.m.) September 11, 2001). However, the 9/11 Commission will later claim that the FAA teleconference is established about 30 minutes later (see (9:20 a.m.) September 11, 2001). The Air Force liaison to the FAA will claim she only joins it after the Pentagon is hit (see (Shortly After 9:37 a.m.) September 11, 2001).
Entity Tags: US Secret Service, Federal Aviation Administration, Air Traffic Services Cell, US Department of Defense
Timeline Tags: Complete 911 Timeline, 9/11 Timeline
Brian Meenan. [Source: US Air Force]The Air Traffic Services Cell (ATSC)—a small office at the FAA's Command Center in Herndon, Virginia, manned by military reservists—is activated. Officers Learn of Attacks - Three officers are currently on duty in the ATSC: Colonel John Czabaranek, Lieutenant Colonel Michael-Anne Cherry, and Major Kevin Bridges. Colonel Brian Meenan, the director of the cell, is not in the ATSC at this time, and so Czabaranek, his deputy, is currently in charge. Czabaranek, Cherry, and Bridges learned of the first attack in New York at around 8:55 a.m. when another employee at the Command Center told them to turn on CNN, because an aircraft had crashed into the World Trade Center. The three officers initially thought the crash was an accident, but realized it was not when they saw the second aircraft hitting the WTC at 9:03 a.m. They then established contact with the Air Force Ops Center. Cell Activated, Though Timing Unclear - The ATSC is activated, although the exact time this happens at is unclear. According to Aviation Week and Space Technology magazine, the cell "quickly became a key communications node during the military's response to [the] terrorist attacks." [US Air Force, 9/11/2001; Aviation Week and Space Technology, 6/10/2002] Jeff Griffith, the FAA's deputy director of air traffic control, will tell the 9/11 Commission that "the military officers assigned to the Air Traffic Services Cell became immediately involved in coordinating FAA… Command Center actions with military elements." [9/11 Commission, 6/9/2004 ] According to a chronology of the ATSC's actions on this day, calls to activate the cell are apparently made at unspecified times following the second attack in New York and before the FAA's ground stop (at 9:26 a.m.). These calls are made by a Lieutenant Colonel Mahoney and a Colonel Litzenberger from the Air Force Ops Center. Apparently shortly after the calls are made, Czabaranek contacts NORAD to let it know that the ATSC is "up and running." [US Air Force, 9/11/2001] Military Cell Aided by Recently-Installed Hardware - The ATSC's response to the terrorist attacks benefits from the fact that, six weeks earlier, the cell had a secure terminal to access the SIPRNET—the military's classified version of the Internet—installed, along with other hardware, which significantly enhances the movement of vital information. According to Meenan, because the cell has the SIPRNET terminal, "we could immediately look at NORAD and [Defense Department] plans as they evolved; filter, package, and format them, then walk out to the [FAA] national operations manager—who had control of the entire national airspace system—and give him current visibility into… fighter, tanker, and support aircraft activities. It cut down our response time tremendously." [Aviation Week and Space Technology, 6/10/2002] ATSC Is a Bridge between FAA and Military - The ATSC is a "part-time military outfit, staffed by part-time Air Force Reserve members" who "provide a bridge between the civilian and military worlds when air traffic issues arise," according to the Air Force Times. For example, "During a crisis, the armed forces suddenly may need to inject a large number of military airplanes into a sky that typically handles only a few hundred." [Air Force Times, 2000] However, Czabaranek will tell the 9/11 Commission that the ATSC is "not part of [the] FAA/NORAD hijack notification process." [9/11 Commission, 4/14/2004] Presence of ATSC Officers a 'Fluke' - According to Aviation Week and Space Technology, the presence of the three ATSC officers at the FAA Command Center this morning is a "fluke," since the Pentagon staffs the military cell "only three days per month for refresher training, but September 11 happened to be one of those days." [Aviation Week and Space Technology, 12/17/2001] Cell Handles Aircraft after Airspace Shut Down - Later in the day, after the national airspace has been shut down (see (9:45 a.m.) September 11, 2001), the ATSC personnel will coordinate actions relating to military and other special flights that are permitted to fly. [9/11 Commission, 2003] They will be responsible for validating the requests they receive for the movement of aircraft, and issuing permissions in response to those requests. [Federal Aviation Administration, 3/21/2002 ]
Entity Tags: Air Traffic Services Cell, US Department of the Air Force, North American Aerospace Defense Command, Federal Aviation Administration, Kevin Bridges, Jeff Griffith, Michael-Anne Cherry, Brian Meenan, John Czabaranek
At the FAA's Herndon Command Center, national operations manager Ben Sliney responds to the second plane hitting the World Trade Center and orders a "first-tier ground stop" to prevent aircraft from departing, arriving at, or flying through the airspace of the FAA's New York Center. Like many others at the Command Center, Sliney has just seen Flight 175 crashing into the South Tower of the WTC live on CNN. A manager at the center then reports to him the news just received over the Command Center's teleconference, about the sinister radio transmissions that have been deciphered by the Boston Center, stating "We have some planes" (see 9:03 a.m. September 11, 2001). According to author Lynn Spencer, "The words take on a sickening significance" to Sliney "after what he has just observed." Sliney Orders 'First-Tier Ground Stop' - Sliney orders across the room, "Give me a first-tier ground stop!" According to Spencer, "The order stops all aircraft departing, arriving, or flying through New York Center's airspace, effectively closing down the nation's busiest skies." At 9:06 a.m., an advisory is sent out to every air traffic control facility in the nation, and the skies above New York are now officially closed. Numerous flights that are in the air or preparing to take off are given "holding instructions." Meanwhile, the large screen at the front of the room in the Command Center displays the footage of Flight 175 hitting the WTC as it is shown repeatedly on CNN. According to Spencer: "[I]t becomes sickeningly obvious to all watching that the plane was a large commercial airliner. And it was no accident." [AOPA Pilot, 11/2001; Spencer, 2008, pp. 80-81] Around this same time, the FAA's New York Center takes action similar to that of the Command Center, declaring "air traffic control zero," which prevents all air traffic from departing, arriving at, or traveling through its airspace (see 9:05 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 8/26/2004, pp. 24 ] And at around 9:25 a.m., the Command Center will order a "nationwide ground stop," which prevents any aircraft from taking off in the entire United States (see (9:26 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 8/26/2004, pp. 33 ] Sliney Expands Teleconference - Also in response to the second WTC crash, Sliney decides that he needs to expand the Command Center's teleconference (see (Between 8:48 a.m. and 9:00 a.m.) September 11, 2001) so as to include the secretary of transportation. [Spencer, 2008, pp. 81] It is expanded to include the secretary of transportation's office, FAA headquarters, and other agencies. [Aviation Week and Space Technology, 12/17/2001] It is unclear whether Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta participates himself, as he is told to go to the White House around this time, and subsequently heads there (see (9:15 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 5/23/2003] Military Liaison Unable to Help - Sliney also seeks out the military liaison at the Command Center to get more information about what is going on. [Spencer, 2008, pp. 81] Presumably this officer is one of the three members of the Air Traffic Services Cell (ATSC) there (see (Between 9:04 a.m. and 9:25 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [Aviation Week and Space Technology, 12/17/2001; Aviation Week and Space Technology, 6/10/2002] But, according to Spencer, it is "clear that the lieutenant colonel's job has nothing to do with NORAD or the air defense interceptors. He is military, but his job duties at the Command Center are focused on military airspace usage. He has no place in the military chain of command that is relevant this morning." Sliney therefore "can only assume that people much higher up than both of them are dealing with the military response. The fighters must be on their way." [Spencer, 2008, pp. 81]
Entity Tags: Ben Sliney, Norman Mineta, Federal Aviation Administration, Air Traffic Services Cell
A Delta Air Lines Boeing 767, the same kind of aircraft as Delta 1989. [Source: Public domain]The FAA's Cleveland Center incorrectly concludes that Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 has been hijacked, but accounts will conflict over how it comes to this conclusion. [USA Today, 8/13/2002; Spencer, 2008, pp. 167] Delta 1989, a Boeing 767, is currently in the sector of airspace being monitored by Cleveland Center air traffic controller John Werth. [9/11 Commission, 10/2/2003 ; USA Today, 9/11/2008] It is flying west over Pennsylvania, approaching the Ohio border, and is about 25 miles behind Flight 93. FBI agents suspected Delta 1989 might be the next plane to be hijacked and called the Cleveland Center after the second attack on the World Trade Center, with the warning to watch this flight (see Shortly After 9:03 a.m. September 11, 2001). [USA Today, 8/13/2002] A supervisor at the center told Werth to keep an eye on the flight because, as Werth will later recall, "he was a suspected hijacking because he had taken off from Boston at approximately the same time as" the first two hijacked aircraft, Flights 11 and 175. [9/11 Commission, 10/1/2003 ; USA Today, 9/11/2008] Controllers Hear Suspicious Communications - When, at 9:28, Werth hears the sound of screaming (subsequently determined to have come from Flight 93) over the radio (see (9:28 a.m.) September 11, 2001), he is unsure which of seven or eight possible aircraft it is coming from. The radio frequency is put on the speaker so other controllers can hear it, and they subsequently make out the words, "get out of here." [9/11 Commission, 10/1/2003 ; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 11, 28] Controllers Think Delta 1989 Is Hijacked - According to USA Today, when Cleveland Center controllers then hear a voice with a heavy accent over the radio, saying "Ladies and gentlemen: Here the captain.… We have a bomb on board" (see (9:32 a.m.) September 11, 2001), they mistakenly think it is coming from Delta 1989, not Flight 93. They suspect the flight has been hijacked, and start informing their chain of command. "Officials at Cleveland Center rush word to Washington: Hijackers have another flight. At the Federal Aviation Administration's Command Center in Herndon, Virginia, Delta Flight 1989 joins a growing list of suspicious jets." [USA Today, 8/13/2002; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 12] Werth Decides Hijacked Aircraft Is Flight 93 - Werth then calls all of the aircraft in his sector, and Flight 93 is the only one that does not respond. He also sees Flight 93 go into a quick descent and then come back up again. Werth therefore concludes that it is Flight 93, not Delta 1989, that has been hijacked, and instructs his supervisor to "tell Washington" of this. [9/11 Commission, 10/1/2003 ; 9/11 Commission, 10/2/2003 ] However, events in the following minutes will cause Cleveland Center controllers to remain suspicious of Delta 1989 (see (Shortly After 9:44 a.m.) September 11, 2001 and 9:45 a.m. September 11, 2001). [USA Today, 8/13/2002; 9/11 Commission, 10/2/2003 ; Spencer, 2008, pp. 168; USA Today, 9/11/2008] Book Gives Alternative Account - In a book published in 2008, author Lynn Spencer will give a different explanation for why Cleveland Center becomes suspicious of Delta 1989. According to her account, after hearing a later radio transmission where a hijacker again says "There is a bomb on board" (see (9:39 a.m.) September 11, 2001), Werth begins to hand off his flights to other controllers so he can devote his full attention to Flight 93. "In the distraction of the emergency, the crew of Delta 1989 misses the hand-off to the new frequency. The new sector controller for Delta 1989 calls out to the plane several times and gets no response." As a result, "News travels fast," and "Soon, word on the FAA's open teleconference call is that a fifth aircraft is out of radio contact: Delta 1989… is added to the list of suspect aircraft." [Spencer, 2008, pp. 167] At 9:39 a.m., even though it is not responsible for handling Delta 1989, the FAA's Boston Center will call NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS) and incorrectly tell it that Delta 1989 is another possible hijack (see 9:39 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 2004; Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006]
Entity Tags: John Werth, Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center, Federal Aviation Administration
John Werth. [Source: CBS]Shortly after hearing strange noises from the cockpit of Flight 93, Cleveland air traffic controllers notice the plane has descended about 700 feet. John Werth, the controller who is handling the plane, tells the supervisor nearest to him, "I think we have another one [i.e., another hijacking]." He will repeatedly radio the cockpit over the next four minutes, asking the pilot to confirm the hijacking, but receive no response. At 9:30 a.m., Werth begins asking other nearby flights on his frequency if they've heard screaming; several say that they have. [Gregor, 12/21/2001 ; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28; CBS News, 9/10/2006] The Cleveland Center immediately notifies United Airlines' headquarters of the loss of communication with Flight 93 (see (9:30 a.m.) September 11, 2001). However, the FAA chain of command is apparently not also immediately informed. And the Cleveland Center will not contact NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS) about Flight 93 until 10:07 a.m. (see 10:05 a.m.-10:08 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28 and 30]
Entity Tags: John Werth, Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center
At the FAA's Cleveland Center, an air traffic controller hears a transmission, presumably made by Flight 93 hijacker-pilot Ziad Jarrah, stating: "Ladies and gentlemen: Here the captain, please sit down, keep remaining sitting. We have a bomb on board. So, sit." [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 12; 9/11 Commission, 8/26/2004, pp. 39 ] As the 9/11 Commission later notes, "Like [Mohamed] Atta on Flight 11, Jarrah apparently did not know how to operate the communication radios; thus his attempts to communicate with the passengers were broadcast on the [air traffic control] channel." [9/11 Commission, 8/26/2004, pp. 98 ] While this communication is assumed to have come from Flight 93, an early FAA report states that it came "from an unknown origin." [Federal Aviation Administration, 9/17/2001 ] According to Newsweek, just prior to the communication, Cleveland Center controllers heard the sound of screaming from the flight. [Newsweek, 9/22/2001] The 9/11 Commission states that, around the time of the transmission, the plane's cockpit voice recording indicates "that a woman, most likely a flight attendant, was being held captive in the cockpit. She struggled with one of the hijackers who killed or otherwise silenced her." [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 12; 9/11 Commission, 8/26/2004, pp. 39 ] Though the Cleveland air traffic controller understands the hijacker's communication, he responds to it: "Calling Cleveland Center, you're unreadable. Say again, slowly." He also notifies his supervisor who passes the information up the chain of command, and the FAA's Command Center is subsequently informed, "United 93 may have a bomb on board." At 9:34 the Command Center will relay this information to FAA headquarters (see 9:34 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28]
Entity Tags: Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center, 9/11 Commission, Federal Aviation Administration
According to the 9/11 Commission, word of Flight 93's hijacking reaches FAA headquarters. By this time, headquarters has established an open line of communication with the FAA Command Center at Herndon, Virginia. It had instructed the center to poll all flight control centers about suspect aircraft. So, at this time, the Command Center passes on Cleveland's message: "United 93 may have a bomb on board." The FAA headquarters apparently does not forward this information to the military, despite having the responsibility for doing so. Ben Sliney, the FAA's national operations manager at its Herndon Command Center, will later recount, "I do know that all the information was being relayed to headquarters and, at least as far as we were concerned, it should have been. We thought it had been given to the military at each juncture." The Command Center continually updates FAA headquarters on Flight 93 until it crashes. [9/11 Commission, 6/17/2004; CBC, 9/12/2006]
Entity Tags: Federal Aviation Administration, Ben Sliney
Military officers at the FAA's Command Center are informed of the hijacking of Flight 93, according to the FAA's National Operations Manager Ben Sliney. If such notification is given, it is presumably shortly after the Command Center learns of the hijacking (see 9:34 a.m. September 11, 2001). Sliney will later tell the 9/11 Commission: "Available to us at the Command Center of course is the military cell, which was our liaison with the military services. They were present at all of the events that occurred on 9/11." He will add, "The normal protocols for the events that were transpiring then—that is to say hijacked aircraft, which requires a notification to NORAD—those, at least I was given to understand, were made promptly—the notifications on each hijack." The FAA's acting Deputy Administrator Monte Belger will add: "[T]here were military people on duty at the FAA Command Center, as Mr. Sliney said. They were participating in what was going on. There were military people in the FAA's Air Traffic Organization in a situation room. They were participating in what was going on." [9/11 Commission, 6/17/2004] If the cell is notified, it is unclear what, if anything, the military liaison officers—Colonel John Czabaranek, Lieutenant Colonel Michael-Anne Cherry, and Major Kevin Bridges (see (Between 9:04 a.m. and 9:25 a.m.) September 11, 2001)—at the Command Center do with the information about Flight 93's hijacking. The 9/11 Commission will say that the first notification to the military about Flight 93 comes at 10:07 a.m. (see 10:05 a.m.-10:08 a.m. September 11, 2001).
Entity Tags: Monte Belger, Kevin Bridges, John Czabaranek, Ben Sliney, Michael-Anne Cherry
Timeline Tags: Complete 911 Timeline
According to the later claims of several senior officials, the US military is tracking Flight 93 as it heads east and is ready to shoot it down if necessary. According to Brigadier General Montague Winfield, the Pentagon's National Military Command Center (NMCC) has "received the report from the FAA that Flight 93 had turned off its transponder, had turned, and was now heading towards Washington, DC." Winfield will add, "The decision was made to try to go intercept Flight 93." [ABC News, 9/11/2002] General Richard Myers, the acting chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, will write that in the NMCC, "We learned that there was apparently a fourth hijacked aircraft, United Airlines Flight 93 out of Newark, bound nonstop for San Francisco. Like the other planes, it had switched off its transponder, making it much harder if not impossible to track on ground radar." [Myers, 2009, pp. 152] Major General Larry Arnold, the commander of the Continental United States NORAD Region, will say, "I was personally anxious to see what 93 was going to do, and our intent was to intercept it." Three fighters have taken off from Langley Air Force Base in Virginia (see (9:25 a.m.-9:30 a.m.) September 11, 2001). According to Arnold, "we launched the aircraft out of Langley to put them over top of Washington, DC, not in response to American Airline 77, but really to put them in position in case United 93 were to head that way." [9/11 Commission, 5/23/2003] He says, "as we discussed it in the conference call, we decided not to move fighters toward 93 until it was closer because there could have been other aircraft coming in," but adds, "I had every intention of shooting down United 93 if it continued to progress toward Washington, DC… whether we had authority or not." [Filson, 2003, pp. 73] Colonel Robert Marr, the battle commander at NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS), is reportedly "focused on United Flight 93, headed straight toward Washington." He will concur with Arnold, saying: "United Airlines Flight 93 would not have hit Washington, DC. He would have been engaged and shot down before he got there." [Filson, 2003, pp. 73] Marr and Arnold will both say they were tracking Flight 93 even earlier on, while it was still heading west (see Shortly Before 9:36 a.m. September 11, 2001). Yet, contradicting these claims, the 9/11 Commission will conclude that the military only learns about Flight 93 around the time it crashes. It says the NMCC learns of the hijacking at 10:03 a.m. (see 10:03 a.m. September 11, 2001). Based upon official records, including recordings of the NEADS operations floor, it says NEADS never follows Flight 93 on radar and is first alerted to it at 10:07 a.m. (see 10:05 a.m.-10:08 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 30-31, 34 and 42; Washington Post, 4/30/2006; Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006]
Entity Tags: National Military Command Center, Montague Winfield, Richard B. Myers, Robert Marr, Larry Arnold
Stacia Rountree. [Source: Vanity Fair]Colin Scoggins, the military liaison at the FAA's Boston Center, contacts NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS) and incorrectly notifies it that another aircraft, Delta Air Lines Flight 1989, is a possible hijacking. [9/11 Commission, 2004; Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006] Boston Center previously called NEADS at 9:27 and said that Delta 1989 was missing (see 9:27 a.m. September 11, 2001). [North American Aerospace Defense Command, 9/11/2001; 9/11 Commission, 5/23/2003] NEADS Technicians Respond - At NEADS, Stacia Rountree, the ID technician who takes Scoggins's call, announces to her colleagues: "Delta '89, that's the hijack. They think it's possible hijack.… South of Cleveland." The plane's transponder is still on, and she adds, "We have a code on him now." Rountree's team leader, Master Sergeant Maureen Dooley, instructs: "Pick it up! Find it!" The NEADS technicians quickly locate Delta 1989 on their radar screens, just south of Toledo, Ohio, and start alerting other FAA centers to it. [Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006; Spencer, 2008, pp. 177] NEADS mission crew commander Major Kevin Nasypany will be notified by his staff of the suspected hijacking at about 9:41 or 9:42 a.m. [9/11 Commission, 1/22/2004 ] NEADS never loses track of Delta 1989. It will follow it on radar as it reverses course over Toledo, heads east, and then lands in Cleveland (see (10:18 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28] It will order Air National Guard fighter jets from Selfridge and Toledo to intercept the flight (see (9:55 a.m.) September 11, 2001 and 10:01 a.m. September 11, 2001). [Spencer, 2008, pp. 178-179] But it will soon learn that Delta 1989 is not in fact hijacked. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28] Cleveland Center, Not Boston, Handling Delta 1989 - Although Boston Center notifies NEADS of the suspected hijacking, Delta 1989 is in fact being handled by the FAA's Cleveland Center. [USA Today, 8/13/2002; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 10-12] Cleveland Center air traffic controllers suspected that Delta 1989 had been hijacked at around 9:30 a.m. (see (9:28 a.m.-9:33 a.m.) September 11, 2001), but apparently only informed the FAA's Command Center, and not NEADS, of this. [USA Today, 8/13/2002] To explain why Boston Center alerts NEADS to the flight, the 9/11 Commission will later comment that, "Remembering the 'we have some planes' remark" (see 8:24 a.m. September 11, 2001), the Boston Center simply "guessed that Delta 1989 might also be hijacked." Similar to First Two Hijacked Planes - Like Flights 11 and 175, the two aircraft that have crashed into the World Trade Center (see 8:46 a.m. September 11, 2001 and 9:03 a.m. September 11, 2001), Delta 1989 took off from Boston's Logan Airport. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 27-28] According to the New York Times, it left there at about the same time as Flights 11 and 175 did, meaning around 8:00 to 8:15 a.m. [New York Times, 10/18/2001; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 32] Like those two aircraft, it is a Boeing 767. [USA Today, 8/13/2002; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 27-28] But, unlike those flights, its transponder has not been turned off, and so it is still transmitting a beacon code. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28; Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006] It is unclear what Delta 1989's intended destination is. According to some accounts, like Flights 11 and 175 were, it is bound for Los Angeles. [Associated Press, 9/11/2001; New York Times, 10/18/2001; USA Today, 8/13/2002; Arizona Daily Star, 9/24/2007; Spencer, 2008, pp. 167] Other accounts will say that its destination is Las Vegas. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28; Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006] Personnel at NEADS are apparently informed that Las Vegas is the intended destination. Around this time, one member of staff there tells her colleagues that the flight is "supposed to go to Vegas." [North American Aerospace Defense Command, 9/11/2001] One of Numerous Incorrect Reports - The 9/11 Commission will comment: "During the course of the morning, there were multiple erroneous reports of hijacked aircraft (see (9:09 a.m. and After) September 11, 2001). The report of American 11 heading south was the first (see 9:21 a.m. September 11, 2001); Delta 1989 was the second." [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28]
Entity Tags: Maureen Dooley, Stacia Rountree, Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center, Colin Scoggins, Northeast Air Defense Sector, Kevin Nasypany
The FAA's Cleveland Center notifies the FAA's Great Lakes Regional Operations Center about the screams and statements it heard from an unknown origin, but that are believed to have come from Flight 93. These transmissions were heard between 9:28 and 9:39 (see (9:28 a.m.) September 11, 2001, (9:32 a.m.) September 11, 2001 and (9:39 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [Federal Aviation Administration, 9/17/2001 ] The FAA's Herndon Command Center and Washington headquarters were alerted to Flight 93 several minutes earlier (see 9:34 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 8/26/2004, pp. 39 ]
Entity Tags: Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center, Federal Aviation Administration
FAA National Operations Manager Ben Sliney. [Source: Publicity photo]Ben Sliney, FAA's National Operations Manager, orders the entire nationwide air traffic system shut down. All flights at US airports are stopped. Around 3,950 flights are still in the air. Sliney makes the decision without consulting FAA head Jane Garvey, Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta, or other bosses, but they quickly approve his actions. It's Sliney's first day on the job. [CNN, 9/12/2001; New York Times, 9/12/2001; Washington Post, 9/12/2001; MSNBC, 9/22/2001; Associated Press, 8/12/2002; USA Today, 8/13/2002; USA Today, 8/13/2002; USA Today, 8/13/2002; Associated Press, 8/21/2002; Newsday, 9/10/2002] Seventy-five percent of the planes land within one hour of the order. [USA Today, 8/12/2002] The 9/11 Commission will later remark that this "was an unprecedented order" that the "air traffic control system handled… with great skill." [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 29] The Washington Post has reported that Mineta told Monte Belger at the FAA: "Monte, bring all the planes down," even adding, "[Expletive] pilot discretion." [Washington Post, 1/27/2002] However, it is later reported by a different Post reporter that Mineta did not even know of the order until 15 minutes later. This reporter "says FAA officials had begged him to maintain the fiction." [Slate, 4/2/2002]
Entity Tags: Ben Sliney, Federal Aviation Administration, Jane Garvey, Monte Belger, Norman Mineta
F-16 Fighting Falcons from the 127th Wing at Selfridge Air National Guard Base. [Source: John S. Swanson / US Air Force]NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS) contacts Selfridge Air National Guard Base in Michigan to arrange for two of its F-16 fighter jets that are out on a training mission to intercept a suspicious aircraft. Accounts will conflict over whether this aircraft is Flight 93 or Delta Air Lines Flight 1989, which is wrongly thought to have been hijacked. [Associated Press, 8/30/2002; ABC News, 9/11/2002; Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006; Spencer, 2008, pp. 178] Delta 1989 was flying about 25 miles behind Flight 93 when air traffic controllers mistakenly suspected it might be hijacked (see (9:28 a.m.-9:33 a.m.) September 11, 2001), and since then it has been instructed to land at Cleveland Hopkins Airport in Ohio (see (9:42 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [USA Today, 8/13/2002; USA Today, 9/11/2008] Flight 93 is currently flying east across Pennsylvania. [National Transportation Safety Board, 2/19/2002 ] NEADS has already tried getting fighter jets from a unit in Duluth, Minnesota, sent after Delta 1989, but the unit was unable to respond (see (Shortly After 9:41 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 1/22/2004 ; 9/11 Commission, 1/23/2004 ] NEADS Calls Selfridge Base - A NEADS weapons technician now calls the 127th Wing at Selfridge Air National Guard Base. He knows the unit has two F-16s in the air on a training mission. Although these jets are unarmed and only have a limited amount of fuel remaining, the commander at the Selfridge base agrees to turn them over to NEADS. [Spencer, 2008, pp. 178] The commander says: "[H]ere's what we can do. At a minimum, we can keep our guys airborne. I mean, they don't have—they don't have any guns or missiles or anything on board." The NEADS technician replies, "It's a presence, though." [Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006] Fighters May Have to Crash into Hijacked Plane - Military commanders realize that, without weapons, the Selfridge fighter pilots might have to slam their jets into a hijacked plane to stop it in its tracks. Colonel Robert Marr, the NEADS battle commander, will later reflect, "As a military man, there are times that you have to make sacrifices that you have to make." [ABC News, 8/30/2002; ABC News, 9/11/2002] However, the Selfridge jets never have to intercept either of the two suspect aircraft, and instead are able to head back to base. [Filson, 2003, pp. 70; Wolverine Guard, 9/2006 ] Selfridge Called due to Concerns about Delta 1989? - According to author Lynn Spencer, the NEADS weapons technician's call to the Selfridge unit is made in response to a report NEADS received about the possible hijacking of Delta 1989 (see 9:39 a.m. September 11, 2001). [Spencer, 2008, pp. 178] Vanity Fair magazine and the 9/11 Commission will also say NEADS calls the Selfridge unit in response to this report about Delta 1989. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 28; Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006] NORAD Commander Gives Different Account - However, Larry Arnold, the commander of the Continental United States NORAD Region, will suggest the Selfridge unit is called due to concerns about both Delta 1989 and Flight 93. He will say: "We were concerned about Flight 93 and this Delta aircraft [Flight 1989] and were trying to find aircraft in the vicinity to help out. We didn't know where it was going to go. We were concerned about Detroit… and the fighters up there were out of gas with no armament." [Filson, 2003, pp. 71] NEADS Commander Claims Fighters Sent toward Flight 93 - Robert Marr will give another different account. He will claim that NEADS contacts the Selfridge base solely because of its concerns over Flight 93. He tells author Leslie Filson that before Flight 93 reversed course and headed back east (see (9:36 a.m.) September 11, 2001), NEADS thought it was "headed toward Detroit or Chicago. I'm thinking Chicago is the target and know that Selfridge Air National Guard Base has F-16s in the air." NEADS contacts "them so they could head off 93 at the pass." [Filson, 2003, pp. 68] Marr will tell the 9/11 Commission that the Selfridge F-16s are going to be "too far from Cleveland to do any good," and so he believes NEADS directs them to intercept Flight 93. [9/11 Commission, 1/23/2004 ] (Presumably, he means the jets cannot be responding to Delta 1989, which has been told to land in Cleveland [USA Today, 9/11/2008] ) 9/11 Commission Disputes Arnold's and Marr's Accounts - The 9/11 Commission will reject Arnold's and Marr's accounts. It will state, "The record demonstrates, however, that… the military never saw Flight 93 at all" before it crashes, and conclude, "The Selfridge base was contacted by NEADS not regarding Flight 93, but in response to another commercial aircraft in the area that was reported hijacked (Delta Flight 1989, which ultimately was resolved as not hijacked)." [9/11 Commission, 8/26/2004, pp. 101 ] Lt. Col. Doug Champagne, the pilot of one of the Selfridge F-16s, will recall that "he and his colleague never received orders to intercept [Flight 93] in any way." [Mount Clemens-Clinton-Harrison Journal, 9/6/2006] Reports based on interviews with the two Selfridge pilots will make no mention of the jets being directed to intercept Delta 1989 either (see (9:56 a.m.-10:29 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [Filson, 2003, pp. 68-70; Wolverine Guard, 9/2006 ; Mount Clemens-Clinton-Harrison Journal, 9/6/2006]
Entity Tags: Larry Arnold, 127th Wing, Doug Champagne, Northeast Air Defense Sector, Robert Marr, Selfridge Air National Guard Base
United Airlines official Sandy Rogers calls Ellen King at the FAA's Command Center to discuss Flight 93. The timing of the call is not known specifically, although it appears to be after the Pentagon was hit and could not be long after Flight 93 is thought to have crashed, which is shortly after 10:00 a.m. (see (10:03 a.m.-10:10 a.m.) September 11, 2001 and (10:06 a.m.) September 11, 2001). Rogers tells King that Flight 93 has been hijacked, and King responds, "Oh God… thank you," indicating she was previously unaware of the hijacking. However, the FAA had been aware of the situation since a few minutes after the hijacking took place (see (9:33 a.m.) September 11, 2001 and 9:34 a.m. September 11, 2001). Rogers also says: "It's over Hagerstown now and you're not aware of it. It's heading toward Washington, DC, and we are under a threat of a hijacking on board and this flight is out of our control now heading toward Washington, DC." Rogers states that United Airlines is "advising the military" about the plane and King also says that the FAA will do the same. [Federal Aviation Administration, 10/14/2003, pp. 37-39 ] However, there are no other reports of Flight 93 ever being over Hagerstown, which is in Maryland. Flight 93 is said to crash in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, and is thought never to reach Maryland. There will be some—apparently mistaken—reports that the plane is still airborne after it is thought to have crashed (see (Between 10:10 a.m. and 10:15 a.m.) September 11, 2001 and 10:10 a.m.-10:11 a.m. September 11, 2001), and this may be another such report.
Entity Tags: Federal Aviation Administration, Ellen King, United Airlines, Sandy Rogers
According to the 9/11 Commission, the NMCC learns about the Flight 93 hijacking at this time. Since the FAA has not yet been patched in to the NMCC's conference call, the news comes from the White House. The White House learned about it from the Secret Service, and the Secret Service learned about it from the FAA. NORAD apparently is still unaware. Four minutes later, a NORAD representative on the conference call states, "NORAD has no indication of a hijack heading to Washington, D.C., at this time." [9/11 Commission, 6/17/2004]
Entity Tags: US Secret Service, Federal Aviation Administration, National Military Command Center
The military liaison at the FAA's Cleveland Center calls NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS) and alerts it to the hijacked Flight 93. According to the 9/11 Commission, this is the first notification NEADS receives about Flight 93, but it comes too late, since the plane has already crashed (see (10:06 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 30; 9/11 Commission, 8/26/2004, pp. 46 ] 'Bomb on Board' Flight 93 - At 10:05 a.m., the military liaison at the Cleveland Center, who is unaware that Flight 93 has just crashed, calls NEADS to inform it that Flight 93 is heading toward Washington, DC. Even though communicating with NEADS is not one of his responsibilities, he wants to make sure it is in the loop. [Spencer, 2008, pp. 224] At NEADS, the call is answered by Tech Sergeant Shelley Watson. Shortly into the call, at 10:07, the military liaison tells her: "We got a United 93 out here. Are you aware of that?" He continues, "That has a bomb on board." Watson asks: "A bomb on board? And this is confirmed? You have a mode three [beacon code], sir?" The military liaison replies, "No, we lost his transponder" (see (9:40 a.m.) September 11, 2001). The news about Flight 93 is shouted out to Major Kevin Nasypany, the NEADS mission crew commander. Nasypany responds: "Gimme the call sign. Gimme the whole nine yards.… Let's get some info, real quick. They got a bomb?" Liaison Wants Fighters Sent toward Flight 93 - The military liaison continues, asking Watson if NEADS scrambled fighter jets in response to Delta 1989, an aircraft that was mistakenly reported as having been hijacked (see (9:28 a.m.-9:33 a.m.) September 11, 2001 and 9:39 a.m. September 11, 2001). Watson replies: "We did. Out of Selfridge and Toledo" (see (9:55 a.m.) September 11, 2001 and 10:01 a.m. September 11, 2001), and says these jets are airborne. When the military liaison asks if the fighters can be directed to where Flight 93 is, Watson asks him if the Cleveland Center has latitude and longitude coordinates for this aircraft. The military liaison replies that he has not got this information available right now. All he knows is that Flight 93 has "got a confirmed bomb on board… and right now, his last known position was in the Westmoreland area.… Which is… in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area." [North American Aerospace Defense Command, 9/11/2001; Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006] NEADS Searches on Radar - The news of a bomb on board Flight 93 spreads quickly at NEADS, and personnel there search for the aircraft's primary return on their radar screens. But because the plane has already crashed, they will be unable to locate it. NEADS will only learn that Flight 93 has crashed at 10:15 a.m., during a call with the FAA's Washington Center (see 10:15 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 30-31] FAA Failed to Notify Military Earlier - The Cleveland Center's notification to NEADS about Flight 93 comes 39 minutes after the plane was hijacked (see (9:28 a.m.) September 11, 2001) and 33 minutes after FAA headquarters was alerted to the hijacking (see 9:34 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 11, 28] At the time NEADS is alerted to Flight 93, NORAD is similarly uninformed about this aircraft, according to the 9/11 Commission. The Commission will state, "At 10:07, its representative on the air threat conference call stated that NORAD had 'no indication of a hijack heading to DC at this time.'" According to the Commission, the National Military Command Center (NMCC) at the Pentagon learned about the Flight 93 hijacking slightly earlier on, at 10:03 a.m. (see 10:03 a.m. September 11, 2001). However, the NMCC was notified by the White House, not the FAA. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 42] A former senior FAA executive, speaking on condition of anonymity, will later try to explain why it takes the FAA so long to alert NEADS to Flight 93. He will say, "Our whole procedures prior to 9/11 were that you turned everything [regarding a hijacking] over to the FBI." [Vanity Fair, 8/1/2006] Yet military instructions contradict this, stating, "In the event of a hijacking, the NMCC will be notified by the most expeditious means by the FAA." [US Department of Defense, 7/31/1997 ; US Department of Defense, 6/1/2001 ] NORAD Commanders Claim Earlier Awareness of Flight 93 - Two senior NORAD officials will contradict the 9/11 Commission's conclusion, and claim they were aware of Flight 93 well before it crashed (see Shortly Before 9:36 a.m. September 11, 2001 and (9:36 a.m.-10:06 a.m.) September 11, 2001). [Filson, 2003, pp. 68, 71-73] Colonel Robert Marr, the NEADS battle commander, will tell the Commission that, while the flight was still airborne, "his focus was on UAL 93, which was circling over Chicago," and he "distinctly remembers watching the flight UAL 93 come west, and turn over Cleveland." [9/11 Commission, 10/27/2003 ; 9/11 Commission, 1/23/2004 ] Major General Larry Arnold, the commander of the Continental US NORAD Region, will recall, "[W]e watched the [Flight] 93 track as it meandered around the Ohio-Pennsylvania area and started to turn south toward DC." [Filson, 2003, pp. 71]
Entity Tags: Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center, Kevin Nasypany, North American Aerospace Defense Command, Northeast Air Defense Sector, Shelley Watson
The military liaison at the FAA's Cleveland Center is informed that Flight 93 has been hijacked and is given information about its location. It is unclear when the liaison first receives this information, but it must happen before 10:07, as he telephones NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS) at this time to pass on the information (see 10:05 a.m.-10:08 a.m. September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 30] Military liaison officers at the FAA's Command Center are also said to be informed of the hijacking of Flight 93 (see After 9:34 a.m. September 11, 2001).
Entity Tags: Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center
According to the 9/11 Commission, NEADS calls Washington flight control at this time. Asked about Flight 93, flight control responds, "He's down." It is clarified that the plane crashed "somewhere up northeast of Camp David.… That's the last report. They don't know exactly where." [9/11 Commission, 6/17/2004] The crash site is in fact about 85 miles northwest of Camp David. [Associated Press, 9/11/2001]
Entity Tags: Northeast Air Defense Sector
A representative of the FAA finally joins an emergency teleconference being conducted by the National Military Command Center (NMCC) at the Pentagon, after NMCC personnel have repeatedly been unable to connect the FAA to the conference. In response to the terrorist attacks, the NMCC began a "significant event conference" at 9:29 a.m., to gather and disseminate information from government agencies (see 9:29 a.m.-9:34 a.m. September 11, 2001), and eight minutes later upgraded this to an "air threat conference" (see 9:37 a.m.-9:39 a.m. September 11, 2001). However, according to the 9/11 Commission Report, because of "equipment problems and difficulty finding secure phone numbers," operators at the NMCC have been unable to connect the FAA to the conference (see (9:29 a.m.-12:00 p.m.) September 11, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/21/2003 ; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 37] FAA Representative Has 'No Situational Awareness' - The air threat conference is now joined by FAA employee Rayford Brooks. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 463] Brooks is on duty in the Central Altitude Reservation Function (CARF) at the FAA's Command Center in Herndon, Virginia. This office is responsible for processing and separating altitude reservations, and coordinates military requests for priority airspace activity with FAA facilities and international agencies. [9/11 Commission, 4/5/2004; 9/11 Commission, 4/15/2004] However, Brooks has "no familiarity with or responsibility for hijackings, no access to decisionmakers, and none of the information available to senior FAA officials," according to the 9/11 Commission Report. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 37] Brooks will later recall having had "no situational awareness" of the current crisis. He only arrived at the Command Center at around 9:30 a.m. and had not been listening to the radio while driving to work. Those on the Command Center floor have not given him any instructions regarding the NMCC conference or other operational matters. Brooks on Conference instead of Military Cell Officer - Brooks will tell the 9/11 Commission that the Air Traffic Services Cell (ATSC)—a small office located next to the CARF at the Command Center, manned by military reservists (see (Between 9:04 a.m. and 9:25 a.m.) September 11, 2001)—has asked the CARF to monitor the NMCC's air threat conference on its behalf for three or four hours, because the ATSC does not have a working STU-III secure phone. [9/11 Commission, 4/15/2004] (A chronology of the ATSC's actions on this day will state that the keys for the ATSC's secure phones are recalibrated at some point, and these phones then "worked fine." [US Air Force, 9/11/2001] ) NORAD and FAA Leaders out of Contact - Three times before 10:03 a.m., when the last hijacked plane reportedly crashed (see (10:03 a.m.-10:10 a.m.) September 11, 2001), NORAD asked for confirmation of the FAA's presence on the NMCC's conference, so the FAA could provide an update on the hijackings, but the FAA had not been connected at those times. As a result of the FAA's absence from the conference, the leaders of NORAD and the FAA have effectively been out of contact with each other. [9/11 Commission, 6/17/2004; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 37-38] FAA's Absence Caused Confusion over Identities of Hijacked Planes - General Richard Myers, the acting chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, will later write that the lack of communication between the NMCC and the FAA has contributed to confusion at the NMCC over the flight numbers of the aircraft that were hijacked. However, according to Myers, the NMCC could not contact the FAA over ordinary phone lines because "[t]errorists who could hijack aircraft so readily could probably also eavesdrop on unsecured phone lines." [Myers, 2009, pp. 153]
Entity Tags: Air Traffic Services Cell, Richard B. Myers, Federal Aviation Administration, National Military Command Center, Rayford Brooks
The US Coast Guard reports having received distress signals from three aircraft that are over the Atlantic Ocean, but these signals are soon determined to be false alarms, and one of the supposedly distressed aircraft is reported as not even flying on this day. [Federal Aviation Administration, 9/11/2001; Federal Aviation Administration, 3/21/2002, pp. S-26, S-29 ] Three Planes Issued Distress Signals - At 11:18 a.m., it is reported on an FAA teleconference that the Coast Guard in Norfolk, Virginia, has received distress signals from United Airlines Flight 947, Continental Airlines Flight 57, and Air Canada Flight 65. [Federal Aviation Administration, 3/21/2002, pp. S-26 ] Command Center Told to Notify Military - Fifteen minutes later, at 11:33 a.m., Jeff Griffith, the deputy director of air traffic at the FAA's Washington, DC, headquarters, passes on the news about the three planes in a phone call with John White, a manager at the FAA's Command Center in Herndon, Virginia. Griffith confirms that the distress signals received by the Coast Guard were from planes "in the Atlantic," and instructs White, "Would you please make sure that NORAD is aware [of the three aircraft], and also the Services Cell," meaning the Air Traffic Services Cell, a small office at the Command Center that is manned by military reservists (see (Between 9:04 a.m. and 9:25 a.m.) September 11, 2001). White replies, "I'll do it." [Federal Aviation Administration, 9/11/2001] Flight Heading to Canada - Around the same time, according to a 2002 FAA report, it is reported on the FAA teleconference that United 947 is now heading toward Gander, in Canada, and is being managed by the Gander Area Control Center, which is the Canadian facility responsible for transatlantic flights. [Federal Aviation Administration, 3/21/2002, pp. S-28 ; MSNBC, 3/12/2010] However, a transcript of FAA communications on this day indicates that it is in fact the Continental Airlines flight that is heading toward Gander. According to that transcript, beginning around 11:40 a.m., White discusses the three suspicious flights over the phone with Doug Davis, the special assistant for technical operations in air traffic services at FAA headquarters. White says Continental 57 was originally destined for Newark, New Jersey, and air traffic controllers "have a track on the target" for this flight, which indicates that it is now heading to Gander. However, White says, controllers are "still looking" for the other two aircraft reported by the Coast Guard. [Federal Aviation Administration, 9/11/2001] Planes Found to Be Safe - At 11:46 a.m., it is reported over the FAA teleconference that "[a]ll three aircraft that the US Coast Guard reported hearing distress calls [from] are accounted for," and all of them are fine. [Federal Aviation Administration, 3/21/2002, pp. S-29 ] A couple of minutes later, White updates Davis on what is now known. White says one of the aircraft that was reportedly transmitting a distress signal, Air Canada Flight 65, was never even airborne. He says it "landed last night and was scheduled to depart today, but the flight's canceled." He adds that another of the flights, United 947, has "returned to Amsterdam," in the Netherlands. [Federal Aviation Administration, 9/11/2001] Finally, at 12:27 p.m., it is reported over the FAA teleconference that Continental 57 has "landed in Gander." [Federal Aviation Administration, 3/21/2002, pp. S-33 ]
Entity Tags: Federal Aviation Administration, US Coast Guard, Gander Area Control Center, Jeff Griffith, John White, Doug Davis
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Your sanctuary furniture is important because it projects a sense of spirituality to praying congregants. You want to make sure that the pieces you choose reflect the devotional feelings of your congregation. With Hertz Furniture's selection of sanctuary seating, pulpits and more, you are sure to find pieces that reflect the graceful appeal you want for your chapel.
Which church chairs are right for my congregation?
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Communion tables and pulpits are commonly found at the front of churches. They are available in a choice of styles and finishes. We offer the classic natural wood finish as well as elegant colonial style. Majestic winged pulpits cut an imposing figure at the front of the sanctuary, framing the speaker during the sermon or announcements.
Hertz Furniture also has a selection of podiums and lecterns that can stand in place of or in addition to a pulpit. If you are looking to buy a church lectern or podium, a wide spectrum of options is available from basic classic wood lecterns to modern sound lecterns and acrylic options. Sound lecterns are convenient because they feature built-in microphones and speakers which make it easy to hear the service and sermon. If you want to modernize your house of worship, multimedia lecterns are an excellent idea. These podiums are perfect for a variety of technological purposes such as slide shows or video screenings. Our AV carts come in many styles and sizes to suit your multimedia equipment.
Whether you are looking to update the furniture in your house of worship, remodel or you just need a few new chairs, Hertz Furniture is the right address. We can help you choose the sanctuary furniture that expresses the character of your congregation and fulfills your practical requirements. Hertz Furniture offers a complimentary, professional design and planning service to help outfit your house of worship properly.Whether it is figuring out exactly how many chairs to order or how to arrange the pulpit, you are sure to benefit from our years of experience.
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At the restaurant "Les Bains", for the lunch, we propose you the menu from 8 euro!! Close all monday and tusday
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Not every racing driver can claim to have seen Ayrton Senna wandering around the landing at his family home, but it's a memory that sticks with Ralph Firman. The great Brazilian drove for his father's Van Diemen race car company in the early Eighties, when Ralph was five.
"Ayrton was my hero because he was probably the greatest ever," Firman says. "I used to look up to him and respected him a lot. He was a family friend and stayed with us for six months in his Lotus days, and the family kept in touch."
He is cautious about his own chances of winning the champion's crown, but says: "I've got the opportunity to race in Formula One and I am more mature and better prepared I think for the pressures of it and everything else around it. I'm very glad that I've got the opportunity and am lucky to have the chance to race in my dream category, which is Formula One.
"I have always been champion in everything I've raced before. My aim in F1 is to start winning races, to prove myself and to get the chance to stay, and for sure I aim to win the championship one day."


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Misha Galperin, the JAFI official who speaks for the initiative, says that pitfall can and will be avoided. "We are not re-inventing the wheel," he promised in an interview. "We are looking at what has already been done and combining those programs in ways that could be transformational."
Neither JAFI nor the sprawling Netanyahu government apparatus are known for innovative efficiency, but they can be granted the benefit of the doubt for now. They will, however, need to prove that this effort will enhance the impactful programs already operating in the Diaspora and not squish, starve or denigrate them.
The initiative also needs to convince American donors that it's smart to send money to Israel only to see it returned in some form to a Hillel or a summer camp back in the States. And that $100 million in extra funds expected from the Diaspora will not come at the expense of other worthy programs.
Now, about the $100 million from Israel….
Why should Israelis pay for Jewish identity programs in the Diaspora when there are pressing needs at home?
It's not for us to tell the Israeli government how to spend its taxpayers' money, but the taxpayers sure should have a say. A JAFI spokesman pointed to a 2012 survey to show that Israelis are in favor of such an expenditure.
But the modest survey asked only about programs such as Taglit-Birthright that send young Jews to Israel, where they spend lots of money and contribute to the economy. The Prime Minister's Initiative would direct Israeli money outside the country to support education programs when, as one expert wrote, "The educational establishment in Israel does not even have an agreed-on concept of Jewish identity."
That expert is Stephen G. Donshik, a Hebrew University lecturer and former federation official. Writing for the website eJewishPhilanthropy, Donshik argued that it was absurd to spend Israel's precious financial resources on the Diaspora: "It is beyond me how the Prime Minister and various ministers can support the PMI at the expense of ensuring that Israel's educational system is successful in instilling a healthy sense of Jewish identity and until we have responded to the critical social welfare needs that are plaguing Israel society."
Which leads to our final question. (For now.)
Is making the Israeli government the driver of Jewish identity the best and only way to reach younger, disaffected Diaspora Jews?
We'd ask this question no matter who was prime minister; it's not so much about the person — though Benjamin Netanyahu surely has his share of detractors — as the top-down, institutionalized nature of the initiative, no matter how many thousands of Diaspora Jews are involved in the planning.
And it's not just liberals asking that question. Here's Gil Troy, writing in the Jerusalem Post: "Calling an educational project the 'Prime Ministers' Initiative' may woo older philanthropists who want the official validation; but it may alienate younger students who resist any hints of politicization and indoctrination."
Meaningful engagement in Israel is, in our view, an essential component of modern Jewish life, wherever you live. But if it is mature, honest, deep engagement, it may also be the most challenging part of modern Jewish life. Israel's political tensions reflect life-and-death matters; its religious debates are far more consequential and polarizing than in the Diaspora. It's an amazing nation, and it can be a very tough place to grapple with from afar. Just talking about Israel can be fraught, as countless rabbis, activists, communal leaders and ordinary Jews have learned.
None of that means Israel should be ignored. But should it be the centerpiece of all outreach, the central address for all Jewish programming? Because make no mistake: If this initiative is fully implemented, its very size, funding and official imprimatur will elevate it to a position of power, in much the way that Taglit-Birthright has come to dwarf and dominate other American Jewish ideas and initiatives in the last decade.
The very process of developing this initiative has opened up a fruitful conversation between Israel and the Diaspora, and signals the maturation of a vital relationship. The Israeli government and JAFI are to be commended for reaching out to thousands of Jews as the initiative is being developed.
It's in that spirit that we raise these questions. And wait for answers.
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Solar storm found to produce "ultrarelativistic, killer electrons" in 60 seconds.
February 19, 2015MIT professor is lead scientist on three-year mission to study how soil, water, and carbon interact.
January 26, 2015New study finds meteorites were byproducts of planetary formation, not building blocks.
January 14, 2015Packing single-photon detectors on an optical chip is a crucial step toward quantum-computational circuits.
January 9, 2015The moon's molten, churning core likely once generated a dynamo.
December 4, 2014System developed by Lincoln Laboratory and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is named one of 2014's most influential technologies.
December 3, 2014Researchers find that Earth's "plasmaspheric hiss" protects against a harmful radiation belt.
November 26, 2014New study finds that a strong magnetic field whipped the early solar system into shape.
November 13, 2014Better options available in thousands of near-Earth asteroids, expert says.
October 29, 2014Nine astronaut alumni and Elon Musk join in celebrating department's centennial.
October 25, 2014President Obama asks AeroAstro professor to take space agency's No. 2 leadership spot.
October 17, 2014MIT team independently assesses the technical feasibility of the proposed Mars One mission.
October 14, 2014The pulsar, about as large as the city of Boston, is 10 million times brighter than the sun.
October 8, 2014MIT researchers find that a volcanic plume, not an asteroid, likely created the moon's largest basin.
October 1, 2014An MIT oxygen-creating instrument has been selected to fly on the upcoming Mars 2020 mission.
July 31, 2014Miller will serve as NASA's principal advisor and advocate on technology policy and programs.
March 13, 2014MIT scientists identify a plasma plume that naturally protects the Earth against solar storms.
March 6, 2014MIT team proposes storing extra rocket fuel in space for future missions.
March 5, 2014


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Take last Saturday night, for instance, when there were four major bashes: the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression held a benefit in Sagaponack; Elizabeth Harrison and Lara Shriftman toasted their new book in Southampton; the Nature Conservancy had a "Beaches and Boys" gala in East Hampton, and Hamptons Designer Showhouse had a cocktail party in Southampton.
If you really wanted a free drink, you could certainly find one. But based on the relatively low social turnout at the events, it seemed it was easier to skip the 30-minute drive between towns (maybe more in traffic) and just do your own thing.
That said, there are some upcoming events that promise to be worthwhile year after year. The Parrish Art Museum always throws an elegant dinner, and the discounts at Super Saturday are always a treat. The Watermill Center will hold its annual extravaganza (dress code: "decadent chic") and, later in the season, a concert by Rufus Wainwright. Dior Beauty is having a dinner at Nello Summertime in Southampton for only 30 guests, and Jessica Seinfeld is hosting her annual Baby Buggy luncheon with Derek Lam -- at home, of course.