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This family tree starts with William de la Brook b? The descendacy from de la brook, to Borke (Lord Cobham) to Brock is not confirmed and more research is required. Most of the information on this tree was obtained from various family members, family histories, many hand written, and research done at libraries in Canada and Guernsey. As Sir Isaac Brock was a member of our Brock family, much information on the family was readily available. I have not spent a lot of time searching records to confirm birth dates, etc. I leave that for someone who enjoys this type of work more and is a more detail oriented person. My purpose in publishing this information is simply to assist people researching their Brock family roots and encourage further exploration. |
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subset: commoncrawl


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Now we want your take on things, SportsNation.
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Then tell us which team will win it all.
Vote now, SportsNation!


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Hey everyone. It's 12/13/12. I am now 15 as of November 30th. I'm going to start there :)
So um. Ew. Breakups are the worst. Oh, I guess I'll expand on that, instead of leaving a random (true) statement floating around my head. I broke up with my 6-month boyf (codename: Paul) for lots of reasons.. But the point being I can't get over it and I don't know why. I'm over him, but not the relationship (friendship), if that makes sense? Plus I'm in the in between stage, where I still kind of like him but logic (of the fact that he was only ever nice to me) is going against the crush. Also, he's not taking it well, being really immature and stuff.


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Senior Member
How can Riot write such interesting little in-game phrases and such awful one-dimensional character backstories? It infuriates me that two opposing altar quotes can give these characters more depth than their entire multi-paragraph backstories. What the **** is wrong with Riot!??!
Ask the Herald
So, based on the altar quotes so gracefully provided by MrHarz (thank you!), I can deduce the following:
Ryugi Kazamaru
Epic if true. *drinks in the new hints of lore*
Buff Tristana
I swear to god, that "King" line was such an elephant in the room I actually went back and checked it again thinking that maybe I misheard it (I was pretty tired when I was making that list.) But no, sure enough, that's what she's saying, wonder who this "King" is. If anyone wants to listen for themselves, and have the PBE Client: LOLPBE -> RADS -> projects -> lol_game_client_en_us -> managed files -> 0.0.0.138 -> Data -> Sounds -> FMOD -> VOBank_en_us.fsb (open with fsbextractor) The files all start with "AltarCapture".
I'm just throwing this out there but what if the Shadow Isles were actually the 1st site of a Void Incursion, a rather large one. Half chose to worship and support the monsters and the other half, likely the standing government, chose to oppose them. Both the voices are as result as being imprisoned by the void to those alters, one as a punishment, the other to keep an eye on the Isles.
Very interesting indeed.


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- Access Genealogy - http://www.accessgenealogy.com -
Yuchi Indians
Posted By Dennis On In Alabama,Florida,Georgia,Native American,Oklahoma,South Carolina,Tennessee | No Comments
Yuchi Tribe. Significance unknown, but perhaps, as suggested by Speck (1909), from a native word meaning "those far away," or "at a distance," though it is also possible that it is a variant of Ochesee or Oeese, which was applied by the Hitchiti and their allies to Indians speaking languages different from their own. Also called:
Yuchi Connections. The Yuchi constituted a linguistic stock, the Uchean, distinct from all others, though structurally their speech bears a certain resemblance to the languages of the Muskhogean and Siouan families.
Yuchi Location. The earliest known location of the Yuchi was in eastern Tennessee, perhaps near Manchester, but some of them extended still farther east, while others were as far west as Muscle Shoals. On archeological grounds Prof. T. M. N. Lewis believes that one main center of the Yuchi was on Hiwassee River. We find settlements laid down on the maps as far north as Green River, Kentucky. In later times a part settled in West Florida, near the present Eucheeanna, and another part on Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers. (See also Alabama, Florida, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and South Carolina.)
Yuchi Subdivisions. There appear to have been three principal bands in historic times: one on Tennessee River, one in West Florida, and one on Savannah River, but only a suggestion of native band names has survived. Recently Wagner has heard of at least three subdivisional names, including the Tsoyaha, or "Sun People" and the Root People.
Most of their settlements are given the name of the tribe, Yuchi, or one of its synonyms. In early times they occupied a town in eastern Tennessee called by the Cherokee Tsistu'yǐ, "Rabbit place," on the north bank of Hiwassee River at the entrance of Chestua Creek in Polk County, Tennessee, and at one time also that of Hiwassee, or Euphasee, at the Savannah Ford of Hiwassee River. The Savannah River band had villages at Mount Pleasant, probably in Screven County, Georgia, near the mouth of Brier Creek, 2 miles below Silver Bluff on Savannah River in Barnwell County; and one on Ogeechee River bearing the name of that stream, though that was itself perhaps one form of the name Yuchi. Hawkins (1848) mentions former villages at Ponpon and Saltketchers in South Carolina, but these probably belonged to the Yamasee.
The following Yuchi settlements were established after the tribe united with the Lower Creeks:
Yuchi History. The chroniclers of the De Soto expedition mention the Yuchi under the name Chisca, at one or more points in what is now Tennessee. In 1567 Boyano, an officer under Juan Pardo, had two desperate encounters with these Indians somewhere in the highlands of Tennessee or North Carolina, and, according to his own story, destroyed great numbers of them. In 1670 Lederer (1912) heard of people called Rickohockans living in the mountains who may have been Yuchi, and two white men sent from Virginia by Abraham Wood visited a Yuchi town on a head stream of the Tennessee in 1674. About this time also, English explorers and settlers in South Carolina were told of a warlike tribe called Westo (probably a division of Yuchi) who had struck terror into all of the coast Indians, and hostilities later broke out between them and the colonists. At this juncture, however, a band of Shawnee made war upon the Westo and drove them from the Savannah. For a time they seem to have given themselves up to a roving life, and some of them went so far inland that they encountered La Salle and settled near Fort St. Louis, near the present Utica, Ill. Later some were located among the Creeks on Ocmulgee River, and they removed with them to the Chattahoochee in 1715. Another band of Yuchi came to live on Savannah River about 20 miles above Augusta, probably after the expulsion of the Westo. They were often called Hogologe. In 1716 they also moved to the Chattahoochee but for a time occupied a town distinct from that of the other Yuchi. It was probably this band which settled near the Shawnee on Tallapoosa River and finally united with them. Still later occurred a third influx of Yuchi who occupied the Savannah between Silver Bluff and Ebenezer Creek. In 1729 a Kasihta chief named Captain Ellick married three Yuchi women and persuaded some of the Yuchi Indians to move over among the Lower Creeks, but Governor Oglethorpe of Georgia guaranteed them their rights to their old land until after 1740, and the final removal did not, in fact, take place until 1751.
A still earlier invasion of southern territories by Yuchi is noted by one of the governors of Florida in a letter dated 1639. These invaders proved a constant source of annoyance to the Spaniards. Finally they established themselves in West Florida not far from the Choctawhatchee River, where they were attacked by an allied Spanish and Apalachee expedition in 1677 and suffered severely. They continued to live in the same region, however, until some time before 1761 when they moved to the Upper Creeks and settled near the Tukabahchee. Eucheeanna in Walton County, Fla. seems to preserve their name.
A certain number of Yuchi remained in the neighborhood of Tennessee River, and at one time they were about Muscle Shoals. They also occupied a town in the Cherokee country, called by the latter tribe Tsistu'yl, and Hiwassee at Savannah Ford. In 1714, the former was cut off by the Cherokee in revenge for the murder of a member of their tribe, instigated by two English traders. Later tradition affirms that the surviving Yuchi fled to Florida, but many of them certainly remained in the Cherokee country for a long time afterward, and probably eventually migrated west with their hosts.
A small band of Yuchi joined the Seminole just before the outbreak of the Seminole War. They appear first in West Florida, near the Mikasuki but later had a town at Spring Garden in Volusia County. Their presence is indicated down to the end of the war in the Peninsula, when they appear to have gone west, probably reuniting with the remainder of the tribe.
The Yuchi who stayed with the Creeks accompanied them west and settled in one body in the northwestern part of the old Creek Nation, in Creek County, Oklahoma.
Yuchi Population. For the year 1650 Mooney (1928) makes an estimate of 1,500 for the Yuchi in Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee, but this does not include the "Westo," for whom, with the Stono, he allows 1,600. The colonial census of 1715 gives 2 Yuchi towns with 130 men and 400 souls, but this probably takes into consideration only 1 band out of 3 or 4. In 1730 the band still on Tennessee River was supposed to contain about 150 men. In 1760, 50 men are reported in the Lower Creek town and 15 in one among the Upper Creeks. In 1777 Bartram (1792) estimated the number of Yuchi warriors in the lower town at 500 and their total population as between 1,000 and,1,500. In 1792 Marbury (1792) reports 300 men, or a population of over 1,000, and Hawkins in 1799 says the Lower Creek Yuchi claimed 250 men. According to the census of 183233 there were 1,139 in 2 towns known to have been occupied by Indians of this connection. In 1909 Speck stated that the whole number of Yuchi could "hardly exceed five hundred," but the official report for 1910 gives only 78. That, however, must have been an underestimate as the census of 1930 reported 216. Owing to the number of Yuchi bands, their frequent changes in location, and the various terms applied to them, an exact estimate of their numbers at any period is very difficult. In the first half of the sixteenth century they may well have numbered more than 5,000.
Connection in which they have become noted. The Yuchi have attained an altogether false reputation as the supposed aborigines of the Gulf region. They were also noted for the uniqueness of their language among the Southeastern tongues. The name is preserved in Euchee, a post hamlet of Meigs County, Tenn.; Eucheeanna, a post village of Walton County, Fla.; Euchee (or Uchee) Creek, Russell County, Ala.; Uchee, a post station of Russell County, Ala.; Uchee Creek, Columbia County, Ga.; and an island in Savannah River near the mouth of the latter.
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The mother-daughter duo looked great as they enjoyed some rest and relaxation in their bikinis! Did you love their vacation style? VOTE.
Katie Holmes stripped down to a hot pink bikini and put her figure on full display as she relaxed alongside her 7-year-old daughter, Suri Cruise, in Miami on Dec. 30. The 35-year-old actress looked like she was in great shape, flaunting her athletic frame in the bright swimsuit — and her daughter donned a matching look, as she rocked a Hello Kitty swimsuit! Too cute.
Katie Holmes Bikini With Suri Cruise:
Katie relaxed on a lounge chair and kept an eye on her daughter while also chatting away on her cell phone. Suri seemed to enjoy the day in the sun as she was spotted eating a hamburger and even showed off her stellar dancing skills, all while poolside! Suri's form was perfect as she twirled around. While the mother daughter duo is often inseparable and Katie herself usually escorts Suri to and from school, Katie is a multi-tasking, working mom — and just a few months ago she jetted off to South Africa to film The Giver! We don't blame her for jetting off to Miami to relax and spend some quality time with her daughter during these last days on 2013.
Just last week, Katie and Suri spent the holidays with Katie's parents, (and Suri's grandparents!), at their home in Ohio — and now they're swapping the holiday time for some warm weather! We're so happy to see the pair enjoying some much needed rest and relaxation in Miami, where they are ringing in the new year. How cute are their matching swimsuit looks? What do you think of their poolside style? Check it out above & be sure to VOTE!
Katrina Mitzeliotis
More Katie Holmes News:
- Bobbi Brown & Katie Holmes Introduce New Makeup Collection
- Suri Cruise Joins Mom Katie Holmes On The Set Of Her New Movie
- Katie Holmes: Stunning Smokey Eye & Punk Hair At 2013 Met Ball
View Comment
Posted at 8:06 AM on January 1, 2014
I would not really call these swimwear selections "bikinis," which kind of overstates the look, making it sound as if Katie Holmes is starting her daughter off at an early age to become a Kardashian-looking specimen. Suri's Hello Kitty style is very popular for children and is being worn by kids all over the nation, and it looks very cute on her. Both mother and daughter look natural, comfortable, and appropriate for going to the beach.
Posted at 10:55 PM on December 31, 2013
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Airport News
BA postpones long-haul switch
Mon, 14 Apr, 2008
British Airways (BA) has postponed plans to transfer its long-haul flights from London Heathrow Airport to Terminal Five.
The opening of the new terminal in late March was marred by problems with the baggage handling system, which caused BA to cancel scores of flights and forced thousands of people to reschedule their travel plans.
With those issues in mind the airline has decided to push back the switch of 60 long-haul services from Terminal Four to Terminal Five from the end of April until June.
Flights have been running on time from the new facility for the past few days, but BA chief executive Willie Walsh said the company still needed convincing the baggage handling system is capable of coping with larger passenger numbers before it can transfer the rest of its services.
"It is only sensible to ensure that Terminal Five is operating consistently at a high standard before the move begins," added Mr Walsh.
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San Diego won 2-1
Game 1: Monday, May 7 | ||
Colorado | 2 | Final |
San Diego | 3 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Game 2: Tuesday, May 8 | ||
Colorado | 1 | Final |
San Diego | 3 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Game 3: Wednesday, May 9 | ||
Colorado | 6 | Final |
San Diego | 2 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
3:35 PM ET, May 9, 2012
Petco Park, San Diego, California
W: C. Friedrich (1-0)
L: A. Bass (1-4)
SAN DIEGO -- The Colorado Rockies got exactly what they needed to end a five-game losing streak -- a win by a pitcher making his big league debut and an offensive outburst.
Left-hander Christian Friedrich pitched six solid innings to win his debut, and Jason Giambi and Wilin Rosario hit RBI doubles off the top of the fences at Petco Park as the Rockies rallied to beat the San Diego Padres 6-2 on Tuesday.The Rockies denied the Padres their first series sweep of the season. It was just the second time in 12 road games that the Rockies scored more than four runs. The Rockies had 13 hits, including at least one by every regular.Just as big, Friedrich helped stabilize a rotation that's struggled because of injuries and ineffectiveness. Friedrich (1-0) held San Diego to two runs, one earned, on six hits while striking out seven and walking one. He was Colorado's first-round pick in the 2008 amateur draft."I guess it's a dream come true," Friedrich said. "I struggled the last two years. To come up here and have some success, I know it's only one, but it feels great. It's a weight lifted off my shoulders. Now I can go out and there and do my thing."With two starters on the disabled list, the Rockies called up Friedrich and Alex White to get them through this three-game series. White pitched well in a 3-1 loss Tuesday night."That, just like last night, was really refreshing to see," manager Jim Tracy said. "I tip my cap to Christian Friedrich, knowing the work he has put in and the fact that what we saw today was the result of a lot of work on a lot of people's part in the organization. This kid worked really, really hard and he's gotten himself into a really good place."Really, the unfortunate thing is we weren't able to win last night's game with the two young guys we sent out there," Tracy said. "But to see what we saw from the pitching standpoint from both these guys is extremely encouraging going forward."The Rockies scored four unearned runs in the sixth against Anthony Bass (1-4) after shortstop Andy Parrino committed a fielding error on Jonathan Herrera's grounder with one out. Carlos Gonzalez doubled and Michael Cuddyer followed with a sacrifice fly. Giambi was intentionally walked before Rosario hit a high fly ball that bounced off the top of the fence in left, bringing in Gonzalez and Giambi. The umpires reviewed the hit on video but upheld the double. Chris Nelson singled in Giambi for a 5-2 lead.Nelson hit another RBI single in the eighth.Each team had a runner thrown out at the plate.In the fourth, Gonzalez and Cuddyer hit one-out singles. Giambi doubled off the top of the fence in center field, sending Gonzalez and Cuddyer racing home. Gonzalez scored but Cuddyer was thrown out on Parrino's relay throw.The umpires reviewed Giambi's hit and upheld the double.In the third, San Diego's Cameron Maybin reached on a one-out throwing error by shortstop Marco Scutaro and Chase Headley followed with a single to right. Yonder Alonso doubled to left to bring in Maybin for a 2-0 lead. When it looked like left fielder Gonzalez might try to throw to second, Headley hesitated and then broke for home and Gonzalez threw him out.Friedridch allowed a walk and two singles in the first, including Alonso's RBI single,"I don't recall a ball being barreled up against him," Tracy said. "That's how good he was. They flipped a couple of base hits out there to help them produce their two runs, but I don't know that they completely squared a ball up against him in the time he was out there."Bass allowed five runs, one earned, and nine hits in 5 2/3 innings, struck out four and walked one.Bass "was hanging in there. Then we opened the door for them," Padres manager Bud Black said, referring to Parrino's error. "That came back to haunt us."The key at-bat was Rosario's at-bat," Black said. "He threw a slider and Rosario has some power. That kind of took the wind out of his sails."Game notes
Tracy said RHP Jeremy Guthrie is scheduled to make a rehab start for Class A Modesto on Thursday. If all goes well, he could be activated in time to start Tuesday night at San Francisco. Guthrie is on the 15-day disabled list with a shoulder injury sustained in a fall from his bicycle. ... Both teams are off Thursday. The Rockies open a three-game series Friday night at Los Angeles, with Jamie Moyer (1-2, 4.01) scheduled to face Chris Capuano (4-0, 2.21) in a matchup of lefties. The Padres open a series on Friday night at Philadelphia, with lefty Clayton Richard (1-4, 4.89) scheduled to face Vance Worley (2-2, 2.84).
Copyright by STATS LLC and The Associated Press
Regular Season Series
San Diego leads 10-8 (as of Wed 5/9) | ||
Mon 4/16 | SD 7, @COL 1 | Recap |
Tue 4/17 | @COL 5, SD 3 | Recap |
Wed 4/18 | @COL 8, SD 4 | Recap |
Mon 5/7 | @SD 3, COL 2 | Recap |
Tue 5/8 | @SD 3, COL 1 | Recap |
» Wed 5/9 | COL 6, @SD 2 | Box Score |
Fri 6/29 | @COL 10, SD 2 | Recap |
Sat 6/30 | SD 8, @COL 4 | Recap |
Sun 7/1 | SD 2, @COL 0 | Recap |
Fri 7/20 | @SD 9, COL 5 | Recap |
Sat 7/21 | COL 8, @SD 6 | Recap |
Sun 7/22 | @SD 3, COL 2 | Recap |
Fri 8/31 | SD 5, @COL 4 | Recap |
Sat 9/1 | @COL 9, SD 1 | Recap |
Sun 9/2 | @COL 11, SD 10 | Recap |
Fri 9/14 | COL 7, @SD 4 | Recap |
Sat 9/15 | @SD 4, COL 3 | Recap |
Sun 9/16 | @SD 12, COL 11 | Recap |
Complete Schedule: Rockies | Padres |
Scoring Summary
1st | J Guzman singled to right, C Denorfia scored, C Headley to third. | 0 | 1 | |
3rd | Y Alonso doubled to left, C Maybin scored, C Headley thrown out at home. | 0 | 2 | |
4th | J Giambi doubled to deep center, C Gonzalez scored, M Cuddyer thrown out at home. | 1 | 2 | |
6th | M Cuddyer hit sacrifice fly to right, J Herrera scored, C Gonzalez to third. | 2 | 2 | |
6th | W Rosario doubled to deep left center, C Gonzalez and J Giambi scored. | 4 | 2 | |
6th | C Nelson singled to shallow center, W Rosario scored. | 5 | 2 | |
8th | C Nelson singled to shallow right, M Cuddyer scored. | 6 | 2 | |
View complete Play-By-Play |
Game Information
Stadium | Petco Park, San Diego, CA |
Attendance | 20,059 (47.2% full) - % is based on regular season capacity |
Game Time | 3:12 |
Weather | 71 degrees, sunny |
Wind | 6 mph |
Umpires | Home Plate - Tom Hallion, First Base - Alfonso Marquez, Second Base - Brian O'Nora, Third Base - Chad Fairchild |


text:
CME Group / NYMEX No. 11 Sugar Futures
Cepea/Esalq Index for Crystal Sugar (São Paulo, Brazil)
QSL Australian Sugar Pool Prices
USDA Sugar and Sweeteners Outlook Reports
Sugar and Sweeteners Yearbook Tables
USDA Sugar: World Production, Supply and Distribution Reports
USDA Sugar Monthly Import and Re-Export Data Report Archives
Sugar |
Sugar is a carbohydrate and is produced by various fruits and vegetables and is produced through photosynthesis. Sugar itself is not a significant source of vitamins andminerals. Rather, sugar is utilized for its ability to enhance the taste of food. Sucrose (C12 H22 O11) is the form of sugar that is found in common, white table sugar. Glucose's formula is C6 H12 O6
Dextrose is produced from vegetable sugars and is used as a sweetener in food production and in the fermentation process.
Fructose is a monosaccharide, which has a high sweetness and low viscosity and is used as a substitute for sucrose in food production. In addition to corn as a source of production, fructose can also be produced from concentrated fruit juices.
Sugar Cultivation |
Sugar comes from 2 different sources:
Sugarcane (Sacchrum officinarum; caña de azúcar in Spanish and la canne à sucre in French) is a bamboo-like, thick-stemmed perennial grass grown in semi-tropical, moist climate regions and stores sugar in the stalk (approximately 14% sugar). It accounts for about 64% of world production. Sugarcane originated within the Pacific region: research indicates the plant is indigenous to the islands of New Guinea and Indonesia. The plant was domesticated and spread through Southeast Asia to India and China, and then through trade with the Middle East and the Mediterranean. The Spanish brought sugarcane to the Caribbean region and established cultivation on Hispanola (Dominican Republic / Haiti), Puerto Rico and Cuba; the Portuguese brought sugarcane cultivation to colonial Brazil. The European nations of France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands established sugarcane cultivation on the Caribbean islands that they controlled during the colonial period.
The plants are slow growing and require approximately 16 months to ripen. They also require a substantial amount of water during the growing period and require abundant rainfall or irrigation. Once cut, sugarcane can start to deteriorate quickly (actually within hours of being harvested) thus it must be processed immediately after cutting. Sugarcane belongs to the genues saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, and family poaceae (Graminea). The several varieties include Saccharum Officinarum, Saccharum Spontaneum, Saccharum Sinense (India, China, Japan, Philippines and Hawaii), Saccharum Barbari (native to India), Saccharum robustum.
A sugarcane plant puts out another stalk immediately after the most recent mature stalk has been harvested (usually cut by hand). Thus, a planted field can be harvested several times however each successive stalk has a lower sugar yield than the previous stalk. When the harvest is no longer viable the field is usually burnt off and then a new field is planted from cuttings (not seeds).
Cuba, India, Australia, Thailand, China and Brazil are among the leading sugarcane producers. Cuba, the EU (sugarbeets), Australia, Thailand, Brazil, Ukraine (sugarbeets) and China are the largest exporters. Overall, Brazil is the largest producer of sugar. The bulk of sugar consumption is concentrated in the industrialized nations. The Russian Federation, EU, U.S., China and Japan are among the world's largest sugar importers. As of 2006, more than 50% of sugarcane crop production in Brazil is now being devoted to ethanol production (most of it consumed locally in Brazil).
Cuba was once the largest exporter of sugar (from sugarcane) in the world and still has extensive sugarcane cultivation although its output has been declining steadily for years. However, in April 2006, the Government of Cuba indicated that it is soliciting direct foreign investment in sugar milling and cultivation operations on the island. It has been suggested that with the increase in the price of sugar related to Ethanol demad, the nation is trying to restart its antiquated operations. There is the issue of the Helms-Burton law in the United States, which mandates penalties against foreign investment in government expropriated Cuban properties and operations and how this statute may affect foreign companies seeking to do business in Cuba.
Beet Sugar
Beet sugar comes from the sugarbeet plant, is grown in temperate climates and accounts for the balance of world sugar production (after sugar cane), and stores sugar in the white root (approximately 16% sugar). A biennial, sugarbeets are harvested annually for their roots. The source of one third of the world's sugar, sugarbeets are considered to be one of the newest commercial crops. Starting in the late 18th century, German scientists began to breed beets to increase the sugar content of their roots from 1-4 percent to 15-20 percent. The resulting beet root is narrow in shape with a white root. Sugarbeets are grown commercially throughout the world in cooler, temperate climates. The main producers around the world are France, Germany, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, and the United States (the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Europe produce about 80% of all sugar beets).
The seedlings are referred to as cotyledons ans are susceptible to Soil diseases, insects and crusted soil when first germinated and as young plants. Once the plants become established they are able to withstand wet weather conditions and insects but do require weed control and wind erosion protection and must also have fertilizer applied (however excess nitrogen can have an adverse effect on both sugar content and clear juice purity). At harvest, the plant's leaves are first stripped by a mechanical defoliator and then the remaining beet root is mechanically extracted from the soil.
Commonly confused with red beets, sugarbeets have a white root and are not edible when harvested. Rather, the beets are hauled to the local mill where they are washed, sliced into long, small pieces known as cossettes and processed through hot water tanks known as a diffusor. The sugar is suspended in the water, which is then processed through a series of filters to remove the sugar.
When sugarbeets are processed into sugar, the entire beet is used. After sugar and molasses are extracted from the beet, the remaining pulp is processed into a nutritious cattle feed. Beet pulp is the fibrous vegetable matter of the sugar beet which remains after sugar has been extracted. Following the diffusion process, pulp presses and gas-fired dryers remove water from the pulp. It is then formed into less bulky pellets which saves on freight costs and produces less waste. One ton of sugar beets produces 110 pounds of pulp pellets. Beet pulp pellets are very useful as a highly nutritious, palatable, and absorptive feed for cattle. It is a high-energy easy-to-digest food that helps to stimulate milk production.
Sugar Refining |
After being harvested, the sugar cane is sent to the refinery (sugar is always transported in a raw or partially refined condition as humidity will damage a fully refined bulk shipment) where it is first washed to to remove soil and impurities.
The raw cane juice is usually first transferred to a holding tank where it sits for a few hours to allow solid impurities to sink to the bottom of the tank and other non-sugar solids are flocculated by alkalization (this process is known as clarification).
Beet sugar processing is normally accomplished in one continuous process without the raw sugar stage. The sugar beets are washed, sliced and soaked in hot water to remove the sugar-containing juice. The juice is purified, filtered, concentrated and dried in a series of steps similar to sugar cane processing.
Raw sugar is a tan to brown, coarse granulated solid obtained on evaporation of clarified sugar cane juice. Raw sugar is processed from the cane at a sugar mill and then shipped to a refinery. It is about 98% sucrose. Raw sugar is not sold to consumers. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration notes raw sugar is "unfit for direct use as food or as a food ingredient because of the impurities it ordinarily contains."
Turbinado sugar is raw sugar that has been refined to a light tan color by washing in a centrifuge under sanitary conditions. Surface molasses is removed in the washing process. In total sugar content turbinado is closer to refined sugar than to raw sugar. It can be purchased in many health food stores and some supermarkets.
Brown sugar consists of sugar crystals contained in a molasses syrup with natural flavor and color components. Many sugar refiners produce brown sugar by preparing and boiling a special syrup containing these components until brown sugar crystals form. In the final processing the crystals are spun dry in a centrifuge; some of the syrup remains giving the sugar its characteristic brown color. Other refiners produce brown sugar by blending a special molasses syrup with white sugar crystals.
In Spanish, sugarcane is caña, sugar is azúcar, and the types are refino (refined), blanco (white), moreno (slightly processed / poco proceso) and crudo.
Sugar Producing Nations |
The supply-side outlook for sugar in 2009 is being influenced by recent production shortfall in India, a contraction of production in the European Union and an increase in production in Brazil.
The country is one of the worlds largest exporters of raw sugar. In Australia sugarcane is cultivated in the in high-rainfall coastal areas and river valleys of Queensland (Ord River area; Mary River area; Mossman in Far North Queensland to Beenleigh south of Brisbane and, more recently, on the Atherton Tableland, west of Cairns), coastal areas of New South Wales and Western Australia. In Australia, The sugarcane harvest season generally extends from June until mid-November. Bundaberg Sugar is the largest sugarcane grower in Queensland, along with Maryborough Sugar Factory Limited (also manufactures raw sugar).
The Australian Sugar Milling Council (ASMC) indicates that the "Queensland sugar industry produces about 35 million tonnes of sugarcane from 400,000 hectares annually. This sugarcane crop produces approximately 5,000,000 tonnes of raw sugar, 1 million tonnes of molasses and 10 million tonnes of bagasse annually" (bagasse is burned for electricity and steam generation).
Queensland Sugar Limited (QSL) is a sugar marketer, which works with 8 mills in Queensland, and manages a pooling arrangement for export sugar in Australia, operate six bulk sugar terminals in northern Australia, and handles more than 90% of the nations sugar exports, especially to the Asian sugar market.
Australia has had some problems with the introduction of sugarcane smut disease, which led to the introduction of new smut-intermediate and resistant sugarcane varieties.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that Brazil accounts for approximately 23% of world production. UNICA (Brazilian Sugarcane Industry Association) indicates that approximately 2% of all arable lands available in the country is utilized for sugar cane cultivation. Sugarcane is grown in the northeast states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe, and the south central states of São Paulo, Paraná and Minas Gerais where approximately 90% of all Brazilian sugarcane is grown. Cultivation is primarily on large, mechanized farms.
One of the largest sugarcane growers and sugar producers (raw and ethanol) in Brazil is Cosan (Usina Costa Pinto SA - Acucar e Alcool), which also operates 23 sugar and ethanol mills, including the Costa Pinto Production Plant located in Piracicaba, São Paulo state.
União da Indústria de Cana-de-Açúcar (UNICA) Statistics: english.unica.com.br/dadosCotacao/estatistica/
Google Map Location of the Piracicaba, São Paulo Region
Sugarcane is cultivated primarily in the Cauca River Valley (el valle del río Cauca) and the additional provinces of Caldas, Cauca, Risaralda (yields are measured in tons per hectare). The nation's most important market is the United States.
European Union
Production is declining in the EU, mainly as a result of the implementation of the reform of the sugar support regime.
Guatemala is the largest sugar producer located within Central america. Sugarcane cultivation is located in the south coastal (Pacific Ocean) region of the country, including in the Department of Escuintla. Approximately 75% of annual sugar production is exported to Mexico.
Expogranel, S.A, operates the sugar loading terminal located at Puerto Quetzal on the Pacific Ocean south coast through which most sugar is exported.
Maharashtra is Indias largest sugar-growing state, and the states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh also produce sugar. India had a decline in production during the 2008/09 season and is expected to be below target again in the 2009/10 season due to less than average rain fall.
One of the problems that affects sugarcane cultivation / yield in India is that in response to the decline in sugar prices, quite a number of cane growers switched or diversified into other crops. Thus, there is less land committed to sugar cane cultivation compared to in the past.
Another one of the problems that affects sugarcane cultivation / yield in India is that this agricultural sector is dominated by small family-owned farms of small acreage in size thus there is no economy of scale or investment in mechanization.
The domestic price is in Rs per Kg. or Rs per quintal (100 kilograms / approximately 220.4623 pounds).
Bajaj Hindusthan Ltd. (BHL) is the largest sugar (and ethanol) manufacturing company in India.
In Japan, sugarcane is grown on the Southwestern Islands, at the southern most end of the Japanese Archipelago. Sugar beet is cultivated on Hokkaido Island in the northern area of the Japanese Archipelago.
Mexico exports a substantial amount of sugar to the United States: approximately one half of the annual volume of sugar imorted into the U.S. Mexican sugar enters the United States duty free of tariff quota / charges under the NAFTA agreement
Sugarcane is grown extensively across the nation of Thailand. There is a price support program in place and there is a two-step negotiation process invloved. At the start of the growing season the farmers and the refiners agree to a primary price (the government acts as the mediator according to the Cane and Sugar Act 1984 and the price is supposed to be not less than 80% of the price anticipated at the end of the growing season). The farmers receive an initial payment from the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives in order to commence operations for the growing season. As the harvest commences, the farmers and refiners negotiate a final fixed price for the sugarcane. The margin between the primary price and the fixed price is usually paid by the refineries. The two-step negotiated price structure has usually resulted in a condition where the fixed domestic price is above the world price thus the industry is not always competitive.
In Thailand, the area of land measurement is the Rai (1 rai = 0.16 Ha).
U.S. Sugar Production
The United States produces both sugarcane and sugarbeets. More than one-half (approximately 54%) of the sugar produced in the United States comes from sugarbeets. Annually, more than 25 million tons of sugarbeets are produced on over 1.4 million acres, yielding approximately 20 tons of beets per acre and 4 million tons of refined sugar. There are 31 beet sugar processing factories in the U.S., all located in or near producing areas due to the deterioration of sugar content after the beets are harvested.
In the United States, sugarcane is produced in Florida, Louisiana, Hawaii, and Texas with Florida being the largest cane-producing region in the U.S. In Florida, most sugarcane operations a corporate owned while in Lousiiana most sugarcane operations are family owned.
The USDA indicates that Hawaii's sugarcane production until recently was spread across the islands of Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, and Oahu, but closures of processing plants and competing uses for sugar land have reduced sugar production to two mills on Maui and Kauai. Sugarcane area harvested in Hawaii has decreased from close to 100,000 acres in FY 1981 to an average 21,900 acres in the 2000s. The States sugar production has declined from over 1.0 million tons in the first half of the 1980s to 253,000 tons in the 2000s.
In the United States, sugarbeets are grown in five regions encompassing 11 States, and tend to be grown in rotation with other crops. Two of the regions are east of the Mississippi River (Michigan), while the three other areas are in the Upper Great Plains (north central Wyoming, Montana, and western North Dakota) and Central Grain Plains (southeastern Wyoming, Colorado, and Nebraska) and Far West (Imperial Valley of California). Sugarbeet production in the Northwest occurs in Idaho, Washington State, and portions of Oregon. The largest region for sugarbeet production is in or close to the Red River Valley of western Minnesota and eastern North Dakota. Area planted in the Red River region has been growing consistently through the 1990s and has averaged 750,000 acres in the 2000s, or about 54% of total planted U.S. sugarbeet acreage.
Sugar Crop Calculation / Conversion |
One U.S. ton (avoirdupois) = 2,000 pounds or 907.2 kilograms.
One metric ton / tonne = 2204.6226 pounds or 1,000 kilograms.
1 British ton = 1016 kilograms.
Lakh (used in India) = 100,000 (one hundred thousand)
and is written in India as 1,00,000.
Convert Metric Tons / Tons
(Enter numbers without commas)
To convert this: | To this: | Multiply by: |
short tons | metric tons | .9072 |
short tons | pounds | 2,000 |
kilograms | pounds | 2.2046 |
Pounds | kilograms | 0.4536 |
Pounds | troy pounds | 1.2153 |
metric tons | pounds | 2,204.6 |
metric tons | short tons | 1.1023 |
1 Hectare = 2.47 Acres.
1 Acre = 0.40 Hectares.
Convert Acres / Hectares
(Enter numbers without commas)
To convert this: | To this: | Multiply by: |
pounds per acre | kilograms per hectare | 1.14 |
short tons per acre | kilograms per hectare | 2.25 |
kilograms per hectare | metric tons per hectare | .001 |
kilograms per hectare | pounds per acre | .88 |
tons per hectare | short tons per acre | .44 |
tons per hectare | kilograms per hectare | 1,000 |
Sugar Consumers |
A susbstantial amount of sugar produced in Brazil is sent to ethanol distilleries as the nation relies exclusively on
Flex-Fuel vehicles.
India is a very large consumer of sugar as it is a key ingreditnt in Indian culinary tradition. India was a net sugar importer during 2008/09 after a poor crop, and analysts indicate that the country will also be a net net importer during 2009/10. Shree Renuka Sugars is India's largest refiner and importer.
United Kingdom
On February 23, 2008, Tate & Lyle, located in the United Kingdom and is the largest sugar cane refiner in the European
Union, publicly indicated that it will shift its supply sourcing entirely to the Fairtrade Labeling Program by the end of
2009. This change will only affect the retail market for granulated white sugar sold to U.K. consumers in grocery stores, not
bulk industrial sales. The first delivery will be sourced through the Belize Sugar Industries and Belize Sugar Cane
Farmers Association.
United States
The American Sugar Alliance indicates that the average U.S. citizen consumes approximately 44 lbs. / 20 kg of sugar per annum, which exceeds domestic production and results in the United States being one of the largest importers of sugar in the world.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) indicates that the United States is the largest consumer of sweeteners, including high fructose corn syrup, and is one of the largest global sugar importers (most U.S. sugar imports are raw cane sugar). The United States imports sugar under a system of tariff-rate quotas (TRQ). A TRQ is a two-tiered tariff for which the tariff rate charged depends on the volume of imports. A low-tier (in-quota) tariff is charged on imports within the quota volume. A high-tier (over-quota) tariff is charged on imports in excess of the quota volume. Almost all raw cane sugar, refined sugars and sugar syrups, and sugar-containing products are imported under TRQs for those products. Prior to the start of the fiscal year (October 1-September 30), the Secretary of Agriculture announces the quantity of sugar that may be imported at the preferential in-quota tariff rate during that fiscal year. There is no limit to the quantity that may be imported at the higher over-quota tariff rate.
In addition to the tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), the U.S. sugar program uses price supports and domestic marketing allotments to influence the amount of sugar available to the U.S. market. The program supports U.S. sugar prices above comparable levels in the world market. The origin of the program can be traced to legislation in the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (1981 Farm Act). The program has been reauthorized with some modifications in succeeding Farm Acts. An important aspect of the program is that it operates, to the maximum extent possible, at no cost to the Federal Government by avoiding loan forfeitures to USDA's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).
A new measure introduced in the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 Farm Act) to help avoid loan forfeitures is the Feedstock Flexibility Program (FFP). The FFP will divert sugar in excess of domestic food consumption requirements to ethanol production. The main challenge to the program comes from sugar imports from Mexico that now enter duty-free under the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
The 2008 Farm Act provides for USDA to make loans available to processors of domestically grown sugarcane and to domestic processors of sugar beets at set loan rate levels for fiscal years (FY) 2009-13. Loans are taken for a maximum term of 9 months and must be liquidated along with interest charges by the end of the fiscal year in which the loan was made. Unlike most other commodity programs, the sugar program makes loans to processors and not directly to producers. This is because sugarcane and sugar beets, being bulky and very perishable, must be processed into sugar before they can be traded and stored. To qualify for loans, processors must agree to provide payments to producers that are proportional to the value of the loan received by the processor for sugar beets and sugarcane delivered by producers. USDA has the authority to establish minimum producer payment amounts.
The loans are nonrecourse. When a loan matures, USDA must accept sugar pledged as collateral as payment in full in lieu of cash repayment of the loan, at the discretion of the processor. "In-process" sugar and syrups must be converted into raw cane or refined beet sugar at no cost to the CCC before being eligible for forfeiture. The processor is not required to notify USDA of the intention to forfeit the sugar under loan. The loan rates for raw cane and beet sugar are set in the 2008 Farm Act.
The loan rate for raw cane sugar is:
The loan rate for refined beet sugar is:
The 2008 Farm Act allows processors to obtain loans for in-process sugar and syrups at 80 percent of the loan rate.
Molasses |
After the sugar is crystallized in the C-products (low raw) vacuum pans, the crystal/syrup is discharged into cooling crystallizers and retained for approximately 32 hours to optimize the crystallization. The product is then separated in the low raw centrifugals, with the C-sugar returning to the melter to become a component of the standard liquor. The syrup left after this process is known as molasses. Although molasses is approximately 50 percent sugar, the concentration of non-sugars is so high that no further crystallization is economically possible in a standard processing facility. The molasses is stored in large tanks to be shipped to other companies which use it in the production of products such as pharmaceuticals and alcohol.
Molasses is a thick solution which contains approximately 50% sucrose. It contains introgenous compounds such as betaine, invert sugar, organic acids such as glutamic acid, and other components that come from the sugar beet.
Because of its high content of sugar and certain nitrogenous constituents, molasses is a valuable raw material used by the fermentation industry. It is also used in animal feed supplements, and by the pharmaceutical industry. It is also used in animal feed supplements, and by the pharmaceutical industry. Molasses is available in 55 gallon drums or in bulk.
Beet molasses is a heavy, dark brown liquid which is approximately 50 percent sugar. At this percentage, it is not feasible to remove additional sugar in a conventional processing facility. However, this sugar content makes beet molasses appealing for use in the fermentation industry. It is especially useful in the production of bakers' yeast, citric acid, pharmaceuticals, and alcohol. As an animal feed supplement, molasses adds nutrient value, texture, and palatability to livestock as well as reducing dust.
Sugar Futures Market & Pricing |
Overall, sugar prices reached a peak in May 2006 and then declined up to the end of 2007. Prices have increased steadily since 2008 after a production / stocks deficit for 2008/09.
The majority of world sugar is either consumed in the country where it is produced under government-controlled pricing arrangements or exported from one country to another under pre-arranged agreements. The sugar which is not subject to such agreements is freely traded among a number of nations, corporations and individuals. The free market for sugar is thus classified as a "residual market" - a market in which sugar traded freely is only a residual of total world production. Since the free market for sugar is typically 20-25% of world production, a 5% change in production can represent a 25-33% change in free market sugar supply; one of the reasons for the high historical volatility of sugar prices.
In addition to imbalances between production and demand, a number of other factors affect sugar demand, including refinery activity, consumer income, candy and confectionery sales, and its use in new technologies, such as the production of ethanol as an automobile fuel. The futures market is also strongly influenced by existing, approaching and forecasted weather conditions.
Sugar is prized for its sweet taste and has many other functions in cooking and baking. It contributes texture and color to baked goods. It is needed for the fermentation by yeast, which causes bread to rise. Sugar acts as a bulking agent (ice cream, baked goods) and preservative (jams, fruits), and it imparts a satisfying body or "mouth-feel" to beverages. In non-sweet foods, such as salad dressings, sauces and condiments, sugar enhances flavor and balances acid content in tomato and vinegar-based products.
Sugarcane cultivation and rum distillation are still important products to the Caribbean Basin nations. Sugarcane is still cultivated in Belize, Barbados, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Grenada and St. Kitts. The regional distilleries (with the exception of St. Vincent & the Grenadines and Dominica) are represented by the West Indies Rum and Spirits Producers Association (WIRSPA, based in Barbados). In 2004, the rum industry within the Caribbean region was assisted by a 70 million investment from the Integrated Development Programme for the Caribbean Rum Sector for facility renovation and modernization and for marketing.
The cultivation and production of sugar as a foodstuff is rapidly being supplanted by its utilization to produce ethanol, a rapidly growing fuel additive/alternative. Brazil, who is the largest exporter of sugar (from sugar cane) in the world, as of 2006 now devotes more than 50% of sugar cane crop production to ethanol production (most of it consumed locally in Brazil). It is quite possible that the price of sugar will rise substantially in the future. Whether the price increases hold will be a reflection of weather and harvest volume (dry weather in Brazil and hurricanes in the Caribbean and U.S. Southeast), the viability as ethanol as a fuel source (it accounts for less than 3% of U.S. gasoline production and requires government subsidies), the ability of other agricultural commodities (corn, tapioca, wood chips, switchgrass, citrus peels) to supplant sugar in ethanol production and the price of traditional petroleum fuel. It is quite possible that a sustainable demand for ethanol could revivie sugar cane production within the Caribbean region but the United States would first have to eliminate or severely reduce the 54¢ tariff the nation imposes on imported ethanol.
Market size and activity also depend largely on the internal production and trade policies of producing and consuming nations. One country's reduction of sugar import quotas can curtail demand for free market sugar, while another's high levels of price support may encourage domestic over-supply and an increase in free market sugar.
In the United States, import tariffs have long supported the domestic sugar industry, with quotas effectively holding U.S. prices steadily above those in the world market. The loan guarantee program also assists U.S. farmers to continue to grow when the present crop uncompetitive in relation to the international price.
Europe also allows subsidies to be paid to sugar beet farmers. However, the European Commission has promoted a partial phase-out of the subsidies by 2009 to two thirds of what the subsidy is today. This action is in response to a WTO suit filed by Australia, Brazil and Thailand and was upheld by a WTO decision in August 2004.
NYMEX No. 11 Contract
"Deliverable Growths" as per the terms of the NYMEX Futures Contract on Sugar No. 11 (World) are from Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Fiji Islands, French Antilles, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Malawi, Mauritius, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Republic of the Philippines, South Africa, Swaziland, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad, United States, and Zimbabwe.
ICE No. 16 Contract
The ICE Futures U.S. Sugar No. 16 futures contract, which began trading on September 26, 2008, is for the physical delivery of cane sugar of U.S. or duty-free foreign origin, duty paid and delivered in bulk to New York, Baltimore, Galveston, New Orleans or Savannah
Sugar Substitutes / Artificial Sweeteners |
Please also see the separate page for High Fructose Corn Syrup
Sun Crystals, introduced by McNeil Nutritionals in Fall 2009, is made from sugarcane and Stevia, a plant from South America, and promotes itself as a low-calorie, all-natural substitute to sugar.
There has been quite a bit of controversy regarding a sugar substitute produced by Tate & Lyle known as Splenda. Splenda is an artificial sweetner created by chlorinating sucrose (there is no chlorine in common table sugar or sucrose), which was given the product name sucralose. Splenda is the fastest growing artificial sweetner used in various types of food manufacturer. The controversy is the accusation by the National Sugar Association regarding the advertising claim made by McNeil Nutritionals (which owns the global marketing right for the Splenda product and is a division of Johnson & Johnson) that Splenda is made from sugar, hence a "natural" product.
Sugar Industry & Sugar Commodity Information Resources |
African, Caribbean and Pacific Sugar www.acpsugar.org/
American Sugar Alliance www.sugaralliance.org/
American Sugar Cane League www.amscl.org/
American Sugarbeet Growers Association www.americansugarbeet.org/
Asociación de Azucareros de Guatemala (ASAZGUA) www.azucar.com.gt/
Asociación de Cultivadores de Caña de Azúcar de Colombia (Asocaña; Association of Sugarcane Growers of Colombia) www.asocana.org/ (Español / Spanish)
Australian Cane Farmers Association www.acfa.com.au/
Australian Cane Growers Association www.canegrowers.com.au/
Australian Sugar Milling Council (ASMC) www.asmc.com.au/
British Sugar www.britishsugar.co.uk/
Canadian Sugar Institute (L'Institut canadien du sucre) www.sugar.ca/
Cenicaña (Colombian Sugarcane Research Center) www.cenicana.org/
Centre dEtudes et de Documentation du Sucre (Centre for Sugar Research and Information) www.lesucre.com/
Comité Européen des Fabricants de Sucre www.cefs.org/
Maharashtra State Co-Operative Sugar Factories Federation Ltd. mahasugarfed.org/
National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Ltd. (India) www.coopsugar.org/
Office of Cane and Sugar Board (Thailand) en.ocsb.go.th/
South Africa Sugar Association www.sasa.org.za/
Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative www.smbsc.com/
Sugar Alliance of the Philippines www.sugaralliance.com.ph/
Sugar Association www.sugar.org/
Sugar Bureau www.sugar-bureau.co.uk/
Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida www.scgc.org/
Sugar Industry Biotech Council www.sugarindustrybiotechcouncil.org/
Sugar Producer Magazine www.sugarproducer.com/
Sugar Traders Association of the United Kingdom www.sugartraders.co.uk/
Sugarbeet Grower Magazine www.sugarpub.com/
Sweetener Users Association www.sweetenerusers.org/
União da Indústria de Cana-de-Açúcar / UNICA (Brazilian Sugar Cane Industry Association) www.unica.com.br/ (Português / English)
U.S. Beet Sugar Association www.beetsugar.org/
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Sugar and Sweetners www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Sugar/
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, FAS Commodity Trade Info: Sugar Analysis www.fas.usda.gov/htp/sugar/sugar.asp
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Trade Policy and Procedures www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?navid=TRADE_POLICIES&parentnav=LAWS_REGS&navtype=RT
West Indies Sugar Technologist www.wistonline.org/
World Sugar Research Organization (WSRO) www.wsro.org/


text: Dance critiques aside — Cubes is actually having a pretty big week. First he hacks Nets.com to troll the shit out of Mikhail Prokhorov, then he goes on TV and lambastes stock exchange traders like he's the King of Money, now he's celebrating his victories with Bud Platinums, a VIP section full of sluts, and the world's most popular song. Not a bad week for the only cool guy in Dallas.


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Seattle Food and Restaurants Blog
Seattle food, cooking and restaurant news, including recipes and more
Out cranky co-workers, win $150 in chocolate
Here's the silver lining to your miserable office politics: Describe a bad co-worker well enough and you could win $150 in chocolate in honor of "Cranky Co-Worker Day" from Fife-based Emily's Chocolates. The deets:
[Read More]
Calorie counts no joy in Joy of Cooking
It really isn't your grandmother's Joy of Cooking. Why not? For one thing, the recipes have far more calories per serving than in your grandmother's day. Researchers found 18 recipes present in all seven editions of the classic cookbook, reports USA Today, and found that the average calories per serving jumped in 17 of the 18.
[Read More]
Lose a restaurant chef, gain a cookbook
P-I file We have so many fine chefs in our city, but I only think of one of them as "The Chef" — that would be Dan Ahern of Impromptu, who was immortalized in print with that title a few years back by Shauna James. She's now Shauna James Ahern, so you can see it turned out well.
[Read More]
The Flavor Bible
When your fan base ranges from Grant Achatz of Alinea to the crew of Top Chef, when your cooking books are repeatedly referenced as "bibles," what's next? For Karen Page and Andrew Dornenburg, it was taking on that title for real, with a new book titled "The Flavor Bible." Don't think of it as a cookbook, it's something more like — not a flavor dictionary, exactly, and not an encyclopedia. Maybe a thesaurus, plus the equivalent of a "friends" list on a culinary Facebook of ingredients.
[Read More]
Seattle's "Legendary" Restaurant
Instead of searching out the hot and hip this year, Gourmet magazine specialized in "grand American restaurants that have stood the test of time" for its annual restaurant edition, saying that "in times like these, you want a reminder that some things do last." The list of 20 legendary restaurants included Seattle's Maneki, which opened in 1904 and "continues to put the "home" in home-style cooking." Today's Maneki regulars, the mag said, are "young hipsters of every ethnic persuasion who know a good deal when they eat it."
[Read More]
No-Knead Bread: Now, faster and whole wheat!
It didn't seem possible that no-knead bread could get any easier, but Mark Bittman (who first brought Jim Lahey's recipe to the national stage) says he's done it. Today, he printed a recipe for "Speedy No-Knead Bread," rising in only 4.5 hours, rather than Lahey's 14 to 20 hours.
[Read More]
Where the candidates stand on food and farm policy
For a little more serious political news, the talented Tom Philpott at Grist looks at where John McCain and Barack Obama stand — from the few specifics he can glean — on agriculture and agribusiness. His conclusion: "Neither will likely push bold change unless forced to do so."
[Read More]
Palin Political Pastries
Cuppie the cupcake takes on the Katie Couric role in Cakespy's latest comic strip. Meet "Baked Alaska"!
[Read More]


text: Brigham City LDS Temple making progress If you're new here, you may want to subscribe to my RSS feed. Thanks for visiting!Brigham City Temple, a photo by Blacksmith369 on Flickr. And it has its own unofficial blog detailing the weekly progress: Brigham City LDS Temple (Possibly) Related posts: Flickr Find: Salt Lake City Utah LDS Temple Flickr Find: Alaska Anchorage LDS Temple Did Brigham City Help Socialism?


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SENECA – A private Christian school in Venango County was burglarized earlier this week. State Police tell us somebody broke into Christian Life Academy on Route 257 in Seneca Monday night or Tuesday morning. They apparently got in through a window. Police say the burglar went through the interior of the building and then left. It's not clear whether anything was taken.
More local news at www.palive365.com.


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Award-winning video production means great results for our clients
The Communicator Awards is the leading international creative awards program honoring creative excellence for communication professionals. They received over 7000 entries from ad agencies, interactive agencies, production firms, in-house creative professionals, graphic designers, design firms, and public relations firms. The Communicator Awards are judged and overseen by the International Academy of the Visual Arts (IAVA).
The Videographer Awards is an international competition designed to recognize excellence in Video Productions, TV Commercials/ News/ Programs and New Media. Entries are judged by the Association of Marketing and Communication Professionals (AMCP), an organization that consists of several thousand marketing, communication and video professionals.
Founded in 1979, the Telly Awards is the premier award honoring outstanding local, regional, and cable TV commercials and programs, as well as the finest video and film productions. They annually receive over 14,000 entries from the finest ad agencies, production companies, TV stations, cable companies and corporations in the world.2009 Awards Season:Director Whitney Hahn served as a member of the Silver Council and a judge for the season, reviewing approximately 100 videos for awards consideration.
Two more honored entries represent excellence in talent demos and client promotional pieces. |
The founding members of Digital Bard Video Productions have twice been nationally recognized by Parents' Choice. In a field of winners dominated by heavy hitters like Disney, Nickelodeon, Discovery Kids and HBO, "The Wild Life" stands out as the only recognized show not produced by a national company.Fewer than 15% of those items submitted to the Parents' Choice Awards program receive a commendation, underscoring the coveted and prestigious achievement of being honored with a commendation from the Parents' Choice Awards program. | |
The Frederick News-Post series of radio and television commercials was selected for an Award of Excellence in the ACME Competition. The ACME Awards are sponsored by the Newspaper Association of America. It also has been included in an INMA Editorial Promotion booklet. |


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7 Ways to Use Facebook for Your Job Search
This week's post on US News & World Report.
We often hear about how job seekers can use social networks like LinkedIn and Twitter to their advantage. But what's sometimes overlooked is the biggest network of them all: Facebook.
We think of Facebook as a way to connect with friends, not necessarily hiring managers or employers. But with over 500 million active users, Facebook is useful for professional networking, too.
1. Follow your target companies on Facebook. Some companies, such as Ernst & Young and Ford Motor Company, have special Facebook pages specifically for recruiting. You might find out about job opportunities on their Facebook pages quicker than finding their postings on a job board or their own career portal. It's also a place to learn more about the company culture and ask the recruiting department questions about the hiring process. In smaller companies, the page may even be monitored by the decision makers, putting you in direct contact with the person who offers opportunities or hires.
2. Contact employers directly. Facebook allows users to send messages directly to other users even if you aren't friends with them, which is especially useful if you can't find their contact information anywhere else. Be careful with this approach though. Some people only want to communicate with their "real friends" on Facebook. Before contacting someone, make sure you've done your homework, and send a personalized message making sure to let them know who you are and why you are contacting them.
Read 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 on US News & World Reports On Careers blog: 7 Ways to Use Facebook for Your Job Search
Date: March 31st, 2011 / Author: Lindsay
Posted in Recruiting / Tags: Facebook, job search, tools, usn
1 Comment - Add yours!
Chris Morris (May 16th, 2011)
Facebook is a social network that almost everyone is involved in. I believe Facebook can be positive and negative to a working environment. Many people think Facebook is a personal page about yourself and a way to connect with friends and family. What young people in the Facebook world today don't know is that Facebook could cause them to lose their job, or Facebook could the door that opens to a good job. You have to be careful what you post on Facebook and who views your page. One bad picture or posting could cost you your job. Facebook realizes that and some businesses are trying to use Facebook to their advantage with creating a page, and ways for employees to communicate. I like the idea, but at the same time you still have to manage your page safely. I think Facebook is a great communications network and if businesses can find a way to make it work and spread their information out I believe it will beneficial for them.
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Solar Heating Installation Service ColoradoUsing high efficiency solar collectors designed for cold climates such as ours, we are able to harness the energy of the sun and store it in a usable form to heat your domestic hot water and even assist in providing free energy to heat your home. These collectors can be roof or ground mounted and can be incorporated into any existing home, which uses domestic hot water or a hot water heating system. Unfortunately, we do not offer electric PV solar panels. |
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Sorry, this product has not yet been added to our database, so until then you will not be able to submit a user review. Please come back soon and try again.
Sony CMT-SBT300WB user reviews
This system that shows so much promise on paper, but fails to deliver in action. Frustrating Tested at £330


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Authentication has been a part of .NET for a long time. Unfortunately, there are a couple of problems:
Depending on the application's needs, it may make sense to let another service store user IDs and passwords. The next question is, "Is there a standard way to interact with other services that can handle authentication?" Thankfully, there is a standard for cross-application authentication: OAuth. OAuth has been implemented by a number of social networks and other services, including Twitter, Facebook, Google and others.
OAuth is an open standard for authorization. It provides the following:
This article will not get into OAuth specifics; that information is available on the OAuth Web site.
For these set of examples, we'll use OAuth as a mechanism to authenticate users. We'll authenticate users, get a response and display information to the user (specifically, a profile image). From there, the example will integrate with Twitter via OAuth and then make calls to Twitter via a third-party library. This will demonstrate the strength of the growing Xamarin ecosystem.
Url: http://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2014/04/01/using-oauth-twitter-and-async-to-display-data.aspx


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5 Excellenthappygranny | 02/06/2010 | See all happygranny's reviews (1)The best book I have read this year.It gave an insight into racial intolerance in the 60s - almost unbelievable but true. Well doneKathryn Stockett..Cannot wait for your next book.
5 Fantastic!amoruso04 | 16/02/2011 | See all amoruso04's reviews (1)This book is my favourite of all time. It used to be Time Traveller's Wife by Audrey Niffenegger but this is out of this world.Characters are believeable and you really feel for them throughout the whole book. Although its fiction, it is horrible to think that these things actually happened to people.I think creating suspense is a very hard thing to do in a book, not one that many do well, and this was full of suspense the whole way through.Ive never actually laughed out loud when reading a book and there were instances where i couldnt stop laughing.I didnt want to put the book down and stopped reading after a few pages when i got near the end because i didnt want to finish it.This is a truely absolutely brilliant book. Read. It. Now!!
5 A real joyFlicks | 20/07/2010 | See all Flicks's reviews (10)As a 52 yr old male I was amazed that a) I bought this book and b) just how good it was. Superbly written, totally engaging, sad, wickedly funny and tense right to the end, a brilliant first novel, outstanding. Read it, trust me, you`ll love it.
5 Fantastic!!Joie11 | 09/07/2010 | See all Joie11's reviews (1)This is by far the best book I've read this year!! Hard to believe that it is the Authors first ever book!! I couldn't turn the pages quick enough and had it read within 24 hours! At least I now know what book to buy for my friends and family........
5 The HelpBlondiebrady | 14/07/2010 | See all Blondiebrady's reviews (1)This is the very first review I have ever written, which goes some way in showing just how good I thought this book was. It was written in a very easy to read style, with the pages flowing seamlessly together to create an exceptional read. I will remember Miss Skeeter, Milly and Aibileen very fondly in the future. Just a shame it ended when it did - I could've kept on reading for ages yet! Well done Kathryn Stockett - can't wait for your next book.


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In Stock
Ships Within 24 Hours Sellout Risk: Very High
The Sessions S.O.S Snowboard Jacket is a high quality, waterproof hooded jacket. Complete with a fully insulated contrast lining and underarm venting, this jacket is sure to keep you warm on the slopes while the embroidered logo design will keep you looking cool. The S.O.S Jacket also features a full-front zipper, toasty taffeta lined hand pockets, and a media pocket to fit your favorite electronic device. All these features and more are why this jacket is ready to give you all that you need all winter long.


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But the notion that David Souter fell captive to Beltway elitism and morphed into the Supreme Court's liberal counterweight to Antonin Scalia has only one flaw:
Souter has nothing whatsoever to do with Washington.
In his fifteen years there, he has forged few, if any, relationships. "He said, 'When you have a job like I have,' " one of his associates from New Hampshire told me, " 'the friends you have are the ones you had before you got the job.' "
"Does he like to go to embassy parties and big dinners and follow the social scene in Washington? Clearly no," says former senator Rudman, one of Souter's closest friends. But it's not only the frivolous stuff that Souter avoids: You won't see him at many Supreme Court Historical Society events, either. "Saying Justice Souter had some difficulty settling into Washington makes it sound like he has settled into Washington," says Meir Feder, one of Souter's clerks during his first term. "He sees himself as temporarily there."
Even by the monastic standards of the Supreme Court, Souter's withdrawn nature is conspicuous. "I don't remember any justice as private as Souter," says journalist Lyle Denniston, who has covered the Court for the past forty-seven years.
The thing that most infuriates conservatives who feel betrayed by Souter is the dawning reality that he will never answer for his sins. He has not spoken on the record to any member of the press since his appointment. He has written no books. His former clerks abide by an implicit vow of silence. Not one of them cooperated with Souter's biographer, Tinsley Yarbrough, despite Yarbrough's pronounced admiration of Souter and despite the fact that the publisher, Oxford University Press, is the imprint of one of Souter's alma maters. (Of the twenty former clerks contacted for this story, only three agreed to be interviewed.) And his close friends speak of him with extreme guardedness, reminding inquirers that
David is very, very private.
Here, according to those who know him best, is David Souter's life:
Every morning before nine, he departs the same tiny apartment in southwest D.C. that he has lived in since arriving in a U-Haul truck in 1990. He wears a suit, unless it's the weekend, in which case he wears a blazer and tie. In his chambers on the Court's first floor, he reviews the day's business with his clerks, who uniformly adore him. "One of the common experiences among Supreme Court clerks," says one of them, "is that you end your clerkship thinking much less of the justice than when you started. I don't think that ever happens to a Souter clerk. He's impressive in his intellectual power, his integrity, and his humanity. He treats everyone as an equal. Not all the justices are the same in that respect."
At his desk—behind which hangs a portrait of Chief Justice (and fellow New Hampshirite) Harlan Fiske Stone—Souter writes his opinions in a script that is both elegant and indecipherable. (A computer sits off to the side, gathering dust; Souter has no idea how to use it.) He reads by natural light his clerks' bench memos, which unlike those for other justices are a mere two pages long, since Souter doesn't delegate the reading of briefs to his subordinates. He has lunch in his chambers: plain yogurt and an apple. (He eats the whole apple, seeds and all.)
Now and then he will drop in on the other justices, but only rarely. It has been said that the Supreme Court is like nine separate law firms, and as Souter once told a gathering of legal professionals, there is "great truth to that metaphor." Rehnquist clocks out by four, and one by one the other justices follow suit—leaving the building to Souter, who often stays until eight or nine. After which he drives home, changes clothes, jogs alone around the track at Fort McNair, buys some groceries at the local Safeway, returns to his apartment ("I would say the word is spartan," says Rudman of Souter's style in general), prepares his own dinner, and reads himself to sleep (he is a big fan of British history).
He does not go to movies, doesn't watch television. Occasionally, he will visit a museum or take a woman out to dinner—though Barbara Bush failed in her efforts to fix up Souter with one of her cousins. (It has long been rumored that Souter is gay. Nothing bothered him more than this insinuation during the confirmation process, which compelled a couple of his exes to come forward and out him as a…heterosexual. "That really ripped him up," Rudman recalls. "He thought it was a totally intrusive thing.") He celebrates his birthday in New Hampshire, says his friend Bill Glahn, "by running up a really steep hill in Dunbarton, just to prove to himself that he can still do it." He is, as another friend says, "a creature of the seventeenth century."
on june 29, 1992, twenty months after Souter had been confirmed, Warren Rudman stepped out of a train and saw Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Joe Biden running toward him at a full gallop. The Democrat from Delaware threw his arms around his Republican colleague, exclaiming, "Warren, you were so right!"
What Rudman had been "so right" about was Souter, of course, and the source of Biden's ecstasy was that day's Supreme Court ruling in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the biggest test of a woman's right to have an abortion since Roe v. Wade sanctioned the practice in 1973. Since that time, liberal justices William Douglas, Thurgood Marshall, and William Brennan had vacated their seats. Pro-lifers expected O'Connor, Kennedy, and Souter to deliver the goods. Their hopes were dashed. All three sided with the Roe flank. From the bench, Souter said of the 1973 abortion case that to overrule it "would subvert the court's legitimacy beyond any reasonable question." Nine days later, in The New York Times, Robert Bork responded. "The three who controlled the outcome—Justices Sandra Day O'Connor, Anthony M. Kennedy and David H. Souter—are called by the media 'centrists' and 'moderates,' " he wrote. "They may be that on the political spectrum, but on a constitutional spectrum their joint opinion is more properly termed 'radical.' "


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I just finished my first partial mash APA and put it in the secondary for 2 weeks and then bottled. To prime, I used the measured out DME instead of Dextrose. (I tried to change too much too quick I guess ). It's been 4 weeks since bottling and it is still not carbed. The OG was 1.09 and FG 1.023. The flavor is amazing, but it's flat, do I have any hope? As a side note, this may have pushed me over the edge into getting a kegging system. Any major disadvantages of this transition?
What temperature are you storing your bottles at to carbonate? Everything sounds fine to me.
I would just make sure that you're keeping your bottles as close to 70F as possible. If you're storing them in a cooler place, it will take more time to carb up, but DME will carb just fine for you. You're only 6 weeks from brewing anyways, so this will give your beer some more time to mellow out as well. I also just took the plunge into kegging and am quite happy with the results. Much less work and it's so nice to pour a cold pint whenever I want one.
"Brewers enjoy working to make beer as much as drinking beer instead of working."-Harold Rudolph
There's a couple of things you may be fighting. First, high alcohol beers are notoriously slow at carbonating. It looks like your beer is near 9%. Second, you need to use about 30% more DME than sugar to get the same rate of carbonation. Did you make that adjustment?
Thanks for the quick reply's. I have been storing the bottles at 65 F. As far as DME i used a little over 1 1/2 cups per 5 gallon batch. I only boiled it in water for about 25 minutes. Could it be a problem of not enough conversion, resulting in the small amount of carbing? I understand the yeast will take longer with high ABV, but I saw no noticeable difference in week 2 to week 3 in carbonation.
DME's already been converted, so the boil time is no problem. I think the advice you've been getting is just fine -- give it some time.