text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Rerouting in advance reservation networks
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The advance reservation of network connections is an area of growing interest and a range of service models and algorithms have been proposed to achieve various scheduling objectives, i.e., including optimization-based strategies and heuristic schemes. ... Keywords: Advance reservation, Bandwidth migration, Load-balancing, Rerouting
Chongyang Xie; Hamed Alazemi; Nasir Ghani
Increased Power Flow Guidebook
The Increased Power Flow (IPF) Guidebook is a state-of-the-art and best practices guidebook on increasing power flow capacities of existing overhead transmission lines, underground cables, power transformers, and substation equipment without compromising safety and reliability. The Guidebook discusses power system concerns and limiting conditions to increasing capacity, reviews available technology options and methods, illustrates alternatives with case studies, and analyzes costs and benefits of differe...
EA-1899: Rerouting and Renovating of Estes-Flatiron Three Transmission
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
99: Rerouting and Renovating of Estes-Flatiron Three 99: Rerouting and Renovating of Estes-Flatiron Three Transmission Lines to Double Circuit 115-kV, Larimer County, Colorado EA-1899: Rerouting and Renovating of Estes-Flatiron Three Transmission Lines to Double Circuit 115-kV, Larimer County, Colorado Summary DOE's Western Area Power Administration started to prepare an EA to evaluate the environmental impacts of a proposal to reroute and renovate the Estes-Flatiron Three Transmission Lines in Larimer County, Colorado. Based on comments received during the scoping period, Western ended preparation of DOE/EA-1899 and announced its intent to prepare an environmental impact statement, DOE/EIS-0483. Public Comment Opportunities No public comment opportunities available at this time. Documents Available for Download
Instrumentation for Increased Power Flow
This report is the second Technical Update of the Instrumentation for Managing Increased Power Flow project, part of EPRI's Increased Power Flow (IPF) program. The project, initiated in 2006 and expected to continue for several years, studies the feasibility of new instrumentation to support increased power flow strategies. In 2007 the work focused on two primary developments: the Backscatter Sensor for the real-time measurement of transmission line temperature and current and the Emissivity Test Instrum...
Increased Power Flow Guidebook - 2013
The EPRI Increased Power Flow (IPF) Guidebook is a state-of-the-art and best- practices reference and guidebook on increasing the power flow capacities of existing overhead transmission lines, underground cables, power transformers, and substation equipment, without compromising safety and reliability. The Guidebook discusses power system concerns and limiting conditions to increasing capacity, reviews available technology options and methods, illustrates the alternatives with case ...
Increased Power Flow Guidebook - 2012
Study the power flow control of a power system with unified power flow controller.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
??Electrical power systems is a large interconnected network that requires a careful design to maintain the system with continuous power flow operation without any limitations.� (more)
Peesari, Vakula
Design criteria Drain Rerouting Project 93-OR-EW-2
SciTech Connect
This document contains the design criteria to be used by the architect-engineer (A--E) in the performance of Title I and II design for the Drain Rerouting Project. The Drain Rerouting project at the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, Tennessee will provide the Y-12 Plant with the capability to reroute particular drains within buildings 9202, 9203 and 9995. Process drains that are presently connected to the storm sewer shall be routed to the sanitary sewer to ensure that any objectionable material inadvertently discharged into process drains will not discharge to East Fork Popular Creek (EFPC) without treatment. The project will also facilitate compliance with the Y-12 Plant`s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharge permit and allow for future pretreatment of once-through coolant.
Not Available
EA-1899: Rerouting and Renovating of Estes-Flatiron Three Transmission...
9: Rerouting and Renovating of Estes-Flatiron Three Transmission Lines to Double Circuit 115-kV, Larimer County, Colorado EA-1899: Rerouting and Renovating of Estes-Flatiron Three...
Economics of Increased Power Flow
This report focuses on methodologies for evaluating the costs and benefits of the diverse technologies that can be used either individually or jointly to increase the flow of power through the transmission system. It begins by describing a broad slate of potential technologies and approaches for increasing transmission capacity and improving system efficiency and then provides an overall framework for assessing the benefits and costs of these technologies. Later sections cover the practical implementatio...
Tutorial on Increased Power Flow Guidebook
This project developed an annotated presentation of key material from the Increased Power Flow Guidebook that was published by EPRI in 2006. The presentation includes both power point and acrobat files on a CD accompanying the report.
EPRI Increased Power Flow Guidebook -- 2011
The EPRI Increased Power Flow (IPF) Guidebook is a state-of-the-art and best-practices reference and guidebook on increasing the power flow capacities of existing overhead transmission lines, underground cables, power transformers, and substation equipment without compromising safety and reliability. The Guidebook discusses power system concerns and limiting conditions to increasing capacity, reviews available technology options and methods, illustrates the alternatives with case studies, and analyzes th...
Power-Flow Management - Technology Perspectives
The report provides a technical overview for power-flow management technologies with special emphasis on power electronic-based technologies. This includes both thyristor-based and converter-based technologies. The report thoroughly describes the fundamental relationships of alternating current (AC) power transmission at steady-state and dynamic conditions; the document also describes transmission problems and needs. This overview clearly demonstrates the role of power electronic-based Controllers and th...
A new structure for bidirectional power flow
In this paper, methods of energy recovery for electric motors in braking mode are presented. Also for motors with low and medium regenerative power, a low cost and simple structure is proposed. In this method, for converting the high voltage of DC bus ... Keywords: bidirectional power flow, energy saving, regenerative brake
Seyed Borhan Azimi; Hassan Ghafoori Fard
Magnetic Amplifier for Power Flow Control
GENI Project: ORNL is developing an electromagnet-based, amplifier-like device that will allow for complete control over the flow of power within the electric grid. To date, complete control of power flow within the grid has been prohibitively expensive. ORNL�s controller could provide a reliable, cost-effective solution to this problem. The team is combining two types of pre-existing technologies to assist in flow control, culminating in a prototype iron-based magnetic amplifier. Ordinarily, such a device would require expensive superconductive wire, but the magnetic iron core of ORNL�s device could serve as a low-cost alternative that is equally adept at regulating power flow.
Free Flow Power Corporation | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Flow Power Corporation Flow Power Corporation Jump to: navigation, search Name Free Flow Power Corporation Address 239 Causeway St Suite 300 Place Gloucester, Massachusetts Zip 1930 Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic, Ocean Product Massachusetts-based company that has developed a turbine generator designed to extract energy from tides, ocean currents, rivers, streams, canals and conduits. Free Flow has raised some initial funding and is prototype testing in rivers and tanks. Year founded 2007 Number of employees 28 Phone number 978-232-3536 Website http://www.free-flow-power.com Coordinates 37.413962°, -76.526305° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":37.413962,"lon":-76.526305,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
MATPOWER's Extensible Optimal Power Flow Architecture
of MATPOWER's extensible OPF architecture. Index Terms--Load flow analysis, Optimization methods, Power-compiled solvers. A software object is used to encapsulate the definition of the problem formulation, manage tasks. The software design has the advantage of minimizing the coupling between variables, constraints
Tesfatsion, Leigh
Increased Power Flow Guidebook - Underground Cables
Utilities must consider a number of factors when evaluating uprating and upgrading options for underground transmission cables. This comprehensive guidebook documents the state-of-science for increasing power flow capacities of underground transmission cables. It provides an overview of underground transmission cable ratings and uprating techniques so that the maximum utilization can be obtained from the existing underground transmission infrastructure.
Natural gas and electricity optimal power flow
Abstract � In this paper, the combined natural gas and electric optimal power flow (GEOPF) is presented. It shows fundamental modeling of the natural gas network to be used for the GEOPF, and describes the equality constraints which describe the energy transformation between gas and electric networks at combined nodes (i.e., generators). We also present the formulation of the natural gas loadflow problem, which includes the amount of gas consumed in compressor stations. Case studies are presented to show the sensitivity of the real power generation to wellhead gas prices. Results from the simulation demonstrate that the GEOPF can provide social welfare maximizing solutions considering both gas and electric networks. I.
Seungwon An
Artificial bee colony algorithm solution for optimal reactive power flow
Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is an optimization algorithm based on the intelligent foraging behavior of honeybee swarm. Optimal reactive power flow (ORPF) based on ABC algorithm to minimize active power loss in power systems is studied in this ... Keywords: Artificial bee colony, Optimal reactive power flow, Penalty function, Power system
K�r?at Ayan; Ula? K?l?�
Distributed Power Flow Control: Distributed Power Flow Control using Smart Wires for Energy Routing
GENI Project: Smart Wire Grid is developing a solution for controlling power flow within the electric grid to better manage unused and overall transmission capacity. The 300,000 miles of high-voltage transmission line in the U.S. today are congested and inefficient, with only around 50% of all transmission capacity utilized at any given time. Increased consumer demand should be met in part with more efficient and an economical power flow. Smart Wire Grid�s devices clamp onto existing transmission lines and control the flow of power within�much like how internet routers help allocate bandwidth throughout the web. Smart wires could support greater use of renewable energy by providing more consistent control over how that energy is routed within the grid on a real-time basis. This would lessen the concerns surrounding the grid�s inability to effectively store intermittent energy from renewables for later use.
Power Flow Controller for Renewables: Transformer-less Unified Power Flow Controller for Wind and Solar Power Transmission
GENI Project: MSU is developing a power flow controller to improve the routing of electricity from renewable sources through existing power lines. The fast, innovative, and lightweight circuitry that MSU is incorporating into its controller will eliminate the need for a separate heavy and expensive transformer, as well as the construction of new transmission lines. MSU�s controller is better suited to control power flows from distributed and intermittent wind and solar power systems than traditional transformer-based controllers are, so it will help to integrate more renewable energy into the grid. MSU�s power flow controller can be installed anywhere in the existing grid to optimize energy transmission and help reduce transmission congestion.
Flow shop scheduling with peak power consumption constraints
Mar 29, 2012 ... In particular, we consider a flow shop scheduling problem with a restriction on peak power consumption, in addition to the traditional�...
Solving Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow Problems by a ...
The optimal power flow (OPF) problem describes a minimum cost electricity gener- ation model that takes into account ...... Electricity Market, 2008. EEM 2008 .
Power flow analysis for amplifier design and energy harvesting
Power flow analysis for amplifier design and energy harvesting Nikola Vujica, Donald J. Leoa strategies which will provide an electrical energy regeneration. In this case, the power is flowing from to the electrical side which may have the ability to store (regenerate) this energy. The ability of energy storage
Lindner, Douglas K.
Applications of Increased Power Flow Strategies for Underground Cables
In 2003, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) recognized that there were no detailed resources on the topic of increased power flow (sometimes called uprating) for underground cable systems. Transmission cables were often the focus of evaluations where utilities were seeking to get the greatest improvement in load transfer for a given investment. The 2003 EPRI report, Increased Power Flow Guidebook: Underground Cables, describes basic cable rating principles and ...
Market power and welfare effects in DC power flow electricity models with thermal line losses
A nodal electric power network with Cournot-Nash interaction among power generators is formulated as a mixed complementarity problem. The model incorporates a direct current (DC) power flow approximation with thermal line losses to model real-time flows. ... Keywords: Electricity markets, Imperfect competition, Thermal line losses, Welfare measurement
Rastislav Ivanic; Paul V. Preckel; Zuwei Yu
Fuzzy gain scheduling technique for power flow control
An application of fuzzy logic based control for power systems governing multiple Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices is described here. Sufficiently accurate relations have been derived to determine setpoints of FACTS ... Keywords: AC transmission, FACTS devices, Switzerland, flexible alternating current transmission system, fuzzy control, fuzzy gain scheduling, fuzzy logic, power flow control, power systems, sensitivity analysis
Alexandre Oudalov; Petr Korba; Rachid Cherkaoui; Alain J. Germond
Microsoft Word - cx00015r0_100 K Area Utilities Reroute_20100526.docx
5, REV. 0 5, REV. 0 1 of 8 Categorical Exclusion for 100 K Area Utilities Reroute Hanford Site, Richland, Washington Proposed Action The U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (RL), needs to accelerate decommissioning and demolition (D&D) of the 100 K Area ancillary facilities, 100 K Area waste site remediation, and 105-K East and 105-K West reactor disposition. The proposed activities would provide for the isolation of 100 K Area utilities to facilitate achieving cold and dark conditions for facilities subject to D&D and remediation. The proposed activities would include the elimination of raw water withdrawals from the Columbia River by closing the 183-K East waste supply station and installing a temporary supply system to provide water and not interfere with D&D activities. Electrical systems also would be re-routed to
Distribution Power Flow in IRW Group Meeting
(PQ, SWING, PV) Maximum voltage error Busflag : HASSOURCE to indicates that this node can have.0; } Measurement: Energy, power, demand, real and reactive power 3 phase voltage and current Note: measured_demand is the watts measurement of the peak power demand of downstream objects. #12;Case study: IEEE 4 nodes test
Primus Power's Flow Battery Powered by $11 Million in Private Investment
Primus Power's Flow Battery Powered by $11 Million in Private Primus Power's Flow Battery Powered by $11 Million in Private Investment Primus Power's Flow Battery Powered by $11 Million in Private Investment June 14, 2011 - 10:00am Addthis Primus Power's energy cell stack. | Photo Courtesy of Primus Power Primus Power's energy cell stack. | Photo Courtesy of Primus Power Kristina Pflanz Writer & Contractor, Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy What does this mean for me? Will make renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, available to more utility customers. In February, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) announced that six of its projects, which initially received a total of $23.6 million in agency seed funding, had collectively generated more than $100 million in outside private capital investment. ARPA-E recently
Impact of Dynamic Ratings, Major Power Flow Upgrades, and Green Power Integration on System Planning
Electric power utilities around the world are undergoing a major transformation, which is redefining the utilization of existing power equipment in the electric transmission network due to limited financial incentives and lengthy licensing process for new construction. Under these circumstances, the utilities are forced to find new ways of increasing power flow quickly through existing transmission corridors with minimal investments. Increased power flows of transmission circuits can be achieved by contr...
Convex Quadratic Relaxations of Power Flows
INFORMS journal and should not be used to distribute the papers in print or online ..... Let us emphasize that although this approach may apply for general MINLPs, its automation is not ..... Using mixed-integer programming to solve power grid blackout problems. ... Smart Load and Generation Scheduling for Power System.
is within the bandwidth of the amplifier. This analysis also reveals that the electrical power flow through of that energy. We adopt this view in this paper. The analysis in this paper is motivated by the smart skin being Consider the flow of energy through this smart skin. Electrical energy is supplied to the smart skin from
Human Factors Aspects of Power System Flow Animation
, engineering analysis and EMS (energy management system) software will need to be modified in a number of ways not provide a clear advantage in the visualization of transmission line flows for uncomplicated analysis tasks listings showing the exact power flows and percentage loadings can be crucial. But for medium to large
Stochastic Optimal Power Flow for Reserve Determination
With significant levels of renewable generation to be integrated in the future electric power systems, new balancing techniques and better forecasting are needed for system operators to maintain power system security. The impact of uncertainty and variability associated with renewable generation motivates the introduction of stochastic methods when determining reserve requirements. These methods enable operators to make better use of system flexibility in order to maintain system reliability and ...
Switching Surge and Lightning Impact on Increasing Power Flow
This report describes the effect of transient overvoltages on increasing the power flow on the electric power transmission system. The report focuses on the effect of system changes on transient recovery voltage (TRV) duties imposed on circuit breakers, and the impact of switching surges, lightning, and sustained overvoltages on transmission line upgrading.
Extension and Enhancement of Increased Power Flow Guidebook
This project updated existing chapters in the EPRI Increased Power Flow Guidebook, developed a new chapter on economics, and prepared a Power Pointtutorial for the first edition. The first edition of the Guidebook was published by EPRI in 2006. The various components of this report will be combined with the existing guidebook in 2008, making a second edition.
Three-phase power flow analysis in sequence component frame using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization
Power flow is an important tool in power system studies. Usually, a power system is assumed to be balanced and the power flow analysis is carried out for the same. Practical power system networks are highly unbalanced and it is required to obtain load ... Keywords: Genetic algorithm, Load flow, Particle Swarm Optimization, Sequence network, Unbalanced power system
K. Gnanambal; N. S. Marimuthu; C. K. Babulal
Proceedings of the Increased Power Flow Workshop
This report documents the proceedings of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Workshop. The workshop was held on August 13, 2013, at the offices of City Public Service in San Antonio, Texas. Participants included members of the EPRI Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Task Force. The workshop was a joint effort of two EPRI research projects: (1) Ratings for Overhead Lines, and (2) Impact of High-Temperature Operation of Overhead ...
Method for controlling power flow between an electrochemical cell and a power grid
A method is disclosed for controlling a force-commutated inverter coupled between an electrochemical cell and a power grid for adjusting the magnitude and direction of the electrical energy flowing therebetween. Both the real power component and the reactive power component of ac electrical energy flow can be independently VARied through the switching waveform presented to the intermediately coupled inverter. A VAR error signal is derived from a comparison of a var command signal with a signal proportional to the actual reactive power circulating between the inverter and the power grid. This signal is presented to a voltage controller which essentially varies only the effective magnitude of the fundamental voltage waveform out of the inverter , thereby leaving the real power component substantially unaffected. In a similar manner, a power error signal is derived by a comparison of a power command signal with a signal proportional to the actual real power flowing between the electrochemical cell and the power grid. This signal is presented to a phase controller which varies only the phase of the fundamental component of the voltage waveform out of the inverter relative to that of the power grid and changes only the real power in proportion thereto, thus leaving the reactive power component substantially unaffected.
Coleman, A. K.
Dynamic Power Flow Controller: Compact Dynamic Phase Angle Regulators for Transmission Power Routing
GENI Project: Varentec is developing compact, low-cost transmission power controllers with fractional power rating for controlling power flow on transmission networks. The technology will enhance grid operations through improved use of current assets and by dramatically reducing the number of transmission lines that have to be built to meet increasing contributions of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. The proposed transmission controllers would allow for the dynamic control of voltage and power flow, improving the grid�s ability to dispatch power in real time to the places where it is most needed. The controllers would work as fail-safe devices whereby the grid would be restored to its present operating state in the event of a controller malfunction instead of failing outright. The ability to affordably and dynamically control power flow with adequate fail-safe switchgear could open up new competitive energy markets which are not possible under the current regulatory structure and technology base.
A three phase load flow algorithm for Shipboard Power Systems
Load Flow (Power Flow) is the determination of the steady state operating conditions for the system. This is a very important tool utilized by many real time applications in power systems. Traditional load flow methods, which incorporate Gauss-Seidel and/or Newton Raphson techniques, were primarily developed for transmission system analysis. Distribution load flow analysis must incorporate its unique characteristics such as unbalanced loads, distributed loads, radial network structure, and one, two, or three phase lines. Also, there are a variety of components included in distribution systems such as switches, transformers, voltage regulators, and distributed generators. Therefore, the traditional methods cannot be directly applied to distribution systems since the assumptions made for transmission systems are not valid for the unique characteristics of distribution systems. A Shipboard Power System (SPS) is a finite inertia electric power system. The generation, transmission, and distribution systems in SPSs are tightly coupled. In reality, the transmission system consists of the lines that interconnect the generator buses in a ring configuration. The distribution system consists of lines, transformers, and loads connected in a radial configuration. When analyzing a SPS, its distinct characteristics must be taken into consideration. Therefore, just as transmission and distribution systems have unique methods of analysis, SPSs also need a unique method of analysis. A load flow algorithm for a SPS must consider its distribution system characteristics as well as the unique characteristics of SPSs. The work presented in this thesis discussed a load flow algorithm developed for Shipboard Power Systems and terrestrial wye and delta connected radial distribution systems. The issues in developing a load flow algorithm for a SPS are addressed and the solution is presented. This solution combines three methods that addressed the issues of multiple sources, ring configuration, and radial load flow. This algorithm was tested on the IEEE 37 Bus Radial Distribution Test Feeder and a simplified Shipboard Power Test System developed by researchers in the Power System Automation Laboratory. The results produced minimal percent error when compared to the actual output results.
Medina-Calder?on, M?onica M
Application of Newton's optimal power flow in voltage/reactive power control
This paper considers an application of Newton's optimal power flow to the solution of the secondary voltage/reactive power control in transmission networks. An efficient computer program based on the latest achievements in the sparse matrix/vector techniques has been developed for this purpose. It is characterized by good robustness, accuracy and speed. A combined objective function appropriate for various system load levels with suitable constraints, for treatment of the power system security and economy is also proposed. For the real-time voltage/reactive power control, a suboptimal power flow procedure has been derived by using the reduced set of control variables. This procedure is based on the sensitivity theory applied to the determination of zones for the secondary voltage/reactive power control and corresponding reduced set of regulating sources, whose reactive outputs represent control variables in the optimal power flow program. As a result, the optimal power flow program output becomes a schedule to be used by operators in the process of the real-time voltage/reactive power control in both normal and emergency operating states.
Bjelogrlic, M.; Babic, B.S. (Electric Power Board of Serbia, Belgrade (YU)); Calovic, M.S. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (YU)); Ristanovic, P. (Institute Nikola Tesla, Belgrade (YU))
Power flow management of microgrid networks using model predictive control
In this paper, we present a power flow management method for a network of cooperating microgrids within the context of a smart grid by formulating the problem in a model predictive control framework. In order to reliably and economically provide the ... Keywords: Microgrid, Model predictive control, Renewable energy sources, Smart grid, Storage devices
A. Hooshmand; H. A. Malki; J. Mohammadpour
Thermal Unit Commitment Including Optimal AC Power Flow Constraints
Thermal Unit Commitment Including Optimal AC Power Flow Constraints Carlos Murillo{Sanchez Robert J algorithm for unit commitment that employs a Lagrange relaxation technique with a new augmentation. This framework allows the possibility of committing units that are required for the VArs that they can produce
EPRI Power Flow to CIM Interface: Development of Power Flow to Common Information Model (CIM) Converter
IEEE has developed a Power Systems Application Data Dictionary (PSADD) for power system data and EPRI sponsored development of a CONVERTER program to convert PTI's PSS/E's data into this format. This project will develop the common data sources (CDSs) that translate the PSADD data to/from a Common Information Model (CIM)-structured database.
The interphase power controller: A new concept for managing power flow within AC networks
The paper presents a new concept for controlling the flow of power within AC networks. The application is based on the series connection of impedances between different phases of the two (synchronous) subnetworks to be interconnected, hence its name: the Interphase Power Controller (IPC). The IPC acts as a current source with the following characteristics: the power flow is nearly constant (within 10%) for a wide range ([+-]25[degree]) of angle between the two subnetworks; there is no significant short-circuit contribution from one network to the other; severe contingencies on one side of the IPC have negligible impact on the voltage of the other side; no harmonics are generated (because there is no control action). Other operating conditions (reduced power, reactive power generation or absorption) are possible by switching impedance components. In all cases, the IPC comprises only conventional elements (transformer, capacitors, reactors, and circuit breakers).
Brochu, J.; Pelletier, P.; Beauregard, F.; Morin, G. (Citeq, Varennes, Quebec (Canada))
Research on Resource Value Flow Accounting Based on Circular Economy for Coal-fired Power Plant
This paper presents the methodology of resource value flow accounting developed for a study which combined material flow analysis?MFA? for the coal-fired power generation plant, in order to shed light on concepts such as resource productivity ... Keywords: Circular economy, Coal-fired power plant, Material flow analysis, Resource value flow accounting
Xie Zhiming; Yi Xuan
A Comparison of the AC and DC Power Flow Models for LMP Calculations
shifting transformers is often dependent upon the transformer's tap value. Last, the power flow modelsA Comparison of the AC and DC Power Flow Models for LMP Calculations Thomas J. Overbye, Xu Cheng power flow model for LMP-based market calculations. The paper first provides a general discussion
Atlas chamber, power flow channel, and diagnostic interface design
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The Atlas pulsed-power machine, presently being designed at Los Alamos, will deliver a pulse of {approximately} 45 MA, in 4--5 {micro}sec, with energies of up to 6 MJ (from a bank of 36 MJ maximum) to a load assembly, located in vacuum. Design considerations for the vacuum vessel, power flow channel from the vessel inward, are presented. In contrast to Sandia`s PBFA II-Z, where 20 MA currents and 2--2.5 MJ of energy are delivered to ({approximately} 15 mg) loads in {approximately} 100 nsec, the Atlas structures will have to be designed for longer timescales and higher energies to drive heavy lines ({approximately} 70 g). Design issues for the chamber include materials stresses, formation of (and protection from) debris and molten jets, impulse loading, and survivability and ease of replacement of internal structures. For the power flow channel designs, issues are minimizing inductance, preventing movement of conductors during and after firing, damage mitigation, reducing the cost of materials and installation, and electrical insulation. A key issue for damage mitigation is the radius within which total destruction of material objects occurs. Choices of vessel size, insulator materials, cost and ease of manufacturing, and mechanical stability issues are presently in the conceptual design phase. Typical access requirements for diagnostics (including radial and axial X-ray backlighting, flux loops, spectroscopy, interferometry, bolometry, etc.) are provided for in the design.
Wurden, G.A.; Davis, H.A.; Taylor, A.; Bowman, D.; Ballard, E.; Ney, S.; Scudder, D.; Trainor, J.
Numerical simulation of turbulent flow in complex geometries used in power plants
Performance degradations or improvements of coal-fired power stations depend on effective functioning of pulveriser equipment and combustion efficiency of furnaces in boilers. The function of a pulveriser is to grind the lumped coal and transfer the ... Keywords: CFD, coal fired power station, flow simulation, geometrical modelling, grid generation, particle trajectories, pulveriser, roller mill, turbulent flow, two-phase flow
C. Bhasker
Optimal power flow in microgrids using event-triggered optimization Pu Wan and Michael D. Lemmon
Optimal power flow in microgrids using event-triggered optimization Pu Wan and Michael D. Lemmon Abstract-- Microgrids are power generation and distribution systems in which users and generators-triggered distributed optimization algorithm to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in microgrids. Under event
Lemmon, Michael
Mathematical programming applied in the optimal power flow problem DC: case studies of market needs
This paper seeks to investigate the application of mathematical programming, considering it as a tool for optimal electrical power generation and management. Nowadays, observing signals of crisis in various countries, electrical power emerges not only ... Keywords: energy flow in electrical energy networks and markets, linear Programming, marketing theory, mathematical programming, optimum power flow DC
Emerson Eust�quio Costa; Luiz Danilo Barbosa Terra; George Leal Jamil
Applying mathematical programming elements to answer market needs: case studies of optimization of electrical power flow
This paper seeks to investigate the application of mathematical programming, considering it as a tool for optimal electrical power generation and management. Nowadays, observing signals of crisis in various countries, electrical power emerges not only ... Keywords: energy flow in electrical energy networks and markets, linear programming, marketing theory, mathematical programming, optimum power flow DC
Precision control of high temperature furnaces using an auxiliary power supply and charged practice current flow
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Two power supplies are combined to control a furnace. A main power supply heats the furnace in the traditional manner, while the power from the auxiliary supply is introduced as a current flow through charged particles existing due to ionized gas or thermionic emission. The main power supply provides the bulk heating power and the auxiliary supply provides a precise and fast power source such that the precision of the total power delivered to the furnace is improved.
Pollock, George G. (San Ramon, CA)
Precision control of high temperature furnaces using an auxiliary power supply and charged particle current flow
Two power supplies are combined to control a furnace. A main power supply heats the furnace in the traditional manner, while the power from the auxiliary supply is introduced as a current flow through charged particles existing due to ionized gas or thermionic emission. The main power supply provides the bulk heating power and the auxiliary supply provides a precise and fast power source such that the precision of the total power delivered to the furnace is improved. 5 figs.
Pollock, G.G.
New Technologies and Methods to Improve Computational Speed and Robustness of Power Flow Analysis
The power flow problem consists of determining the steady-state operating point of an electrical transmission network under specific loading conditions. This report describes the development of power flow techniques designed to improve the efficiency and reliability of an electrical power network. Leveraging advancements in computing technologies, data processing, and sophisticated computational methods can improve the performance of power system analysis tools, specifically their accuracy, speed, ...
Application of the interphase power controller technology for transmission line power flow control
This paper presents an application of the IPC technology for controlling power flows while maintaining the natural synchronizing capacity of transmission lines. The benefits for transmission systems are a substantial increase in steady-state transmission capability, lower losses and voltage support. An example based on the 500 kV Mead-Phoenix Project demonstrates the effectiveness of the IPC solution: the addition of a 370 Mvar capacitor in parallel with the two 500 kV phase-shifting transformers increases their maximum capability from 1,300 to 1,910 MW. The concepts presented are the results of the first phase of work leading to the development of an IPC using power electronics.
Brochu, J.; Beauregard, F.; Lemay, J.; Morin, G.; Pelletier, P. [Center d`Innovation sur le Transport d`Energie du Quebec, Varennes, Quebec (Canada)] [Center d`Innovation sur le Transport d`Energie du Quebec, Varennes, Quebec (Canada); Thallam, R.S. [Salt River Project, Phoenix, AZ (United States)] [Salt River Project, Phoenix, AZ (United States)
Available transfer capability calculation with transfer based static security-constrained optimal power flow
In power market environment, available transfer capability (ATC) is an important index, indicating the amount of the further usable transmission capacity for commercial trading. ATC calculation is non-trivial when static security constraints are included. ... Keywords: available transfer capability (ATC), optimal power flow, power market, power system, static stability
M. Gandchi; M. Tarafdar Haque; A. Yazdanpanah
Time series power flow analysis for distribution connected PV generation.
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) projects must go through an interconnection study process before connecting to the distribution grid. These studies are intended to identify the likely impacts and mitigation alternatives. In the majority of the cases, system impacts can be ruled out or mitigation can be identified without an involved study, through a screening process or a simple supplemental review study. For some proposed projects, expensive and time-consuming interconnection studies are required. The challenges to performing the studies are twofold. First, every study scenario is potentially unique, as the studies are often highly specific to the amount of PV generation capacity that varies greatly from feeder to feeder and is often unevenly distributed along the same feeder. This can cause location-specific impacts and mitigations. The second challenge is the inherent variability in PV power output which can interact with feeder operation in complex ways, by affecting the operation of voltage regulation and protection devices. The typical simulation tools and methods in use today for distribution system planning are often not adequate to accurately assess these potential impacts. This report demonstrates how quasi-static time series (QSTS) simulation and high time-resolution data can be used to assess the potential impacts in a more comprehensive manner. The QSTS simulations are applied to a set of sample feeders with high PV deployment to illustrate the usefulness of the approach. The report describes methods that can help determine how PV affects distribution system operations. The simulation results are focused on enhancing the understanding of the underlying technical issues. The examples also highlight the steps needed to perform QSTS simulation and describe the data needed to drive the simulations. The goal of this report is to make the methodology of time series power flow analysis readily accessible to utilities and others responsible for evaluating potential PV impacts.
Broderick, Robert Joseph; Quiroz, Jimmy Edward; Ellis, Abraham; Reno, Matthew J. [Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Smith, Jeff [Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN; Dugan, Roger [Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN
under varying temperature conditions. Keywords: Electricity, demand, imports, transmission flows Marshall, Marc Pryor, David Vidaver Electricity Analysis Office Electricity Supply Assessment Division a 2008 staff assessment of electricity flows over Path 26 during heat spells in the summers of 2006
A Modeling and Optimization Approach for Multiple Energy Carrier Power Flow
Abstract � This paper presents a general power flow and optimization approach for power systems including multiple energy carriers, such as electricity, natural gas, and district heat. The model is based on a conceptual approach for the inclusion of distributed resources. Couplings between the different energy carriers are regarded explicitly, enabling investigations in power flow and marginal price interactions. Optimal demand, conversion, and transmission of multiple energy carriers within a system is formulated as a combined optimal power flow problem. A numerical example demonstrates how the method can be used for different system studies. I.
Martin Geidl; G�ran Andersson
Secured CAD Back-End Flow for Power-Analysis-Resistant Cryptoprocessors
This article presents a comprehensive back-end design flow that enables the realization of constant-power cryptoprocessors, natively protected against side-channel attacks exploiting the instant power consumption. The proposed methodology is based on ... Keywords: robust hardware, back-end design automation, power-constant architectures, side-channel attacks, mitigation, DFM, DFY
Sylvain Guilley; Florent Flament; Philippe Hoogvorst; Renaud Pacalet; Yves Mathieu
Steady-state power flow modeling for a dynamic voltage restorer
This paper presents analysis, modeling and simulation of power distribution network performance incorporating with an installed dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). DVR is one of series compensators used in power distribution systems in order to maintain ... Keywords: Gauss-Seidel method, dynamic voltage restorer, modeling, power flow, simulation
T. Ratniyomchai; T. Kulworawanichpong
Enhancing Cross-Correlation Analysis with Artificial Neural Networks for Nuclear Power Plant Feedwater Flow Measurement
One of the primary cost-saving objectives of the power plant industry, including the nuclear industry, has long been the efficient operation of plant systems. Since the maximum operating thermal power of any nuclear plant is bounded by the specific licensing ... Keywords: flow measurement, neural networks, nuclear power plant
Davide Roverso; Da Ruan
A Novel Power Flow Method for Long Term Frequency Stability Analysis
This thesis presents a novel approach for a power system to find a practical power flow solution when all the generators in the system have hit their real power output limits, such as some generator units shutting down or load outages. The approach assumes the frequency of the system is unable to be kept at the rated value (usually 60 or 50 Hz) and accordingly, the generator real power outputs are affected by the system frequency deviation. The modification aims to include the system frequency deviation as a new state variable in the power flow so that the power system can be described in a more precise way when the generation limits are hit and the whole system is not operated under the normal condition. A new mathematical formulation for power flow is given by modified the conventional power flow mismatch equation and Jacobian matrix. The Newton � Raphson method is particularly chose to be modified because Newton � Raphson method is most widely used and it is a fast convergent and accurate method. The Jacobian matrix will be augmented by adding a column and a row. Matlab is used as a programming tool to implement the Power Flow for Long Term Frequency Stability (PFLTFS) method for a simple 4-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system. And PSS/E Dynamic simulation is used to verify the steady state solution from PFLTFS is reasonable. The PSS/E Dynamic Simulation plots are used to analyze the long term frequency response. The PFLTFS method provides a technique for solving an abnormal state system power flow. From the results we can conclude that the PFLTFS method is reasonable for solving power flow of a real power unbalanced system.
Yan, Wenjin
Optimal Power Flow of Multiple Energy Carriers(Geidl and Andersson 2007) |
Optimal Power Flow of Multiple Energy Carriers(Geidl and Andersson 2007) Optimal Power Flow of Multiple Energy Carriers(Geidl and Andersson 2007) Home > Groups > Energy Systems Integration Qinsun's picture Submitted by Qinsun(35) Member 15 November, 2012 - 13:04 Literature Review The author proposed a linear static state model for multiple energy carriers. The optimal power flow and economic dispatch was determined. The method is a simple method of integrated system planning The methods used in the paper are linear deterministic system without control signal, optimal power flow and economic dispatch The proposed method stabilized the power grid, reduced the marginal cost of electricity, and increased the marginal cost of natural gas. The strength of the proposed method is following: 1. it is integrated; 2. it secures to converge;
Flow cytometry: A powerful technology for measuring biomarkers
A broad definition of a biomarker is that it is a measurable characteristic of a biological system that changes upon exposure to a physical or chemical insult. While the definition can be further refined, it is sufficient for the purposes of demonstrating the advantages of flow cytometry for making quantitative measurements of biomarkers. Flow cytometry and cell sorting technologies have emerged during the past 25 years to take their place alongside other essential tools used in biology such as optical and electron microscopy. This paper describes the basics of flow cytometry technology, provides illustrative examples of applications of the technology in the field of biomarkers, describes recent developments in flow cytometry that have not yet been applied to biomarker measurements, and projects future developments of the technology. The examples of uses of flow cytometry for biomarker quantification cited in this paper are meant to be illustrative and not exhaustive in the sense of providing a review of the field.
Jett, J.H. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Life Sciences Div.
Low-Drift Flow Sensor with Zero-Offset Thermopile-Based Power Feedback
A thermal flow sensor has been realised consisting of freely-suspended silicon-rich silicon-nitride microchannels with an integrated Al/poly-Si++ thermopile in combination with up- and downstream Al heater resistors. The inherently zero offset of the thermopile is exploited in a feedback loop controlling the dissipated power in the heater resistors, eliminating inevitable influences of resistance drift and mismatch of the thin-film metal resistors. The control system cancels the flow-induced temperature difference across the thermopile by controlling a power difference between both heater resistors, thereby giving a measure for the flow rate. The flow sensor was characterised for power difference versus water flow rates up to 1.5 ul/min, being in good agreement with a thermal model of the sensor, and the correct low-drift operation of the temperature-balancing control system has been verified.
Dijkstra, M; De Boer, Meint; Berenschot, J W; Wiegerink, Remco; Elwenspoek, M
Flow Shop Scheduling with Peak Power Consumption Constraints
enterprises; for example, many energy providers use time-of-use (TOU) tariffs ( e.g. Babu and Ashok. 2008). Peak power consumption has also received some�...
Interline Photovoltaic (I-PV) power system - A novel concept of power flow control and management
This paper presents a new system configuration for a large-scale Photovoltaic (PV) power system with multi-line transmission/distribution networks. A PV power plant is reconfigured in a way that two adjacent power system ...
Khadkikar, Vinod
Influence of Cooling Circulating Water Flow on Back Pressure Variation of Thermal Power Plant
Under certain conditions, condenser pressure can be considered as back pressure of the steam turbine, which has great influence on the unit power. Based on the back pressure calculation model, influence on back pressure variation by adjusting circulating ... Keywords: Cold-end system, back pressure, cooling water flow, unit power
Nian Zhonghua, Liu Jizhen, Liu Guangjian
Randomized flow model and centrality measure for electrical power transmission network analysis
1 Randomized flow model and centrality measure for electrical power transmission network analysis. Centrality measures can then be coherently defined. An example of application to an electrical power transmission system is presented. Acknowledgements This work has been partially funded by the Foundation pour
short-term demand changes locally) and are largely not of a data-driven, algorithmic and distributed. Additionally, only some real-time data is actually used by the grid to respond to evolving conditions. All Power Flow (OPF), routinely used by the electric power industry to re-dispatch hourly controllable
Bienstock, Daniel
Integrated Control of Active and Reactive Power Flow Controllers to Optimize Transmission System Utilization
Optimized power system control requires oversight of numerous control elements to efficiently and reliably transfer power across the system. The objective of this project was to minimize losses in the Consolidated Edison Electric power system via modification of control variables available to the system operator. These variables include generator voltages, transformer voltage/phase angle tap set points, and switched shunt status. System constraints include bus voltages, branch/interface flow limits, ...
Synchronization-Aware and Algorithm-Efficient Chance Constrained Optimal Power Flow
One of the most common control decisions faced by power system operators is the question of how to dispatch generation to meet demand for power. This is a complex optimization problem that includes many nonlinear, non convex constraints as well as inherent uncertainties about future demand for power and available generation. In this paper we develop convex formulations to appropriately model crucial classes of nonlinearities and stochastic effects. We focus on solving a nonlinear optimal power flow (OPF) problem that includes loss of synchrony constraints and models wind-farm caused fluctuations. In particular, we develop (a) a convex formulation of the deterministic phase-difference nonlinear Optimum Power Flow (OPF) problem; and (b) a probabilistic chance constrained OPF for angular stability, thermal overloads and generation limits that is computationally tractable.
Bent, Russell; Chertkov, Michael
220 kV SSSC device for power flow control (Smart Grid Project) | Open
kV SSSC device for power flow control (Smart Grid Project) kV SSSC device for power flow control (Smart Grid Project) Jump to: navigation, search Project Name 220 kV SSSC device for power flow control Country Spain Headquarters Location Catalonia, Spain Coordinates 41.59116°, 1.520862° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.59116,"lon":1.520862,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
The Effect of Power-Law Body Forces on a Thermally Driven Flow between Concentric Rotating Spheres
A numerical study is conducted to determine the effect of power-law body forces on a thermally driven axisymmetric flow field confined between concentric co-rotating spheres. This study is motivated by Spacelab geophysical fluid-flow experiments, ...
Michele G. Macaraeg
Power Flow Management in a High Penetration Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System with Short-Term Energy Storage
This paper is intended as an introduction to some of the control challenges faced by developers of high penetration wind-diesel systems, with a focus on the management of power flows in order to achieve precise regulation of frequency and voltage in the face of rapidly varying wind power input and load conditions. The control algorithms presented herein are being implemented in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) high penetration wind-diesel system controller that will be installed in the village of Wales, Alaska, in early 2000.
Drouilhet, S. M.
Centralized wind power plant voltage control with optimal power flow algorithm.
??This thesis presents a method of controlling the reactive power injected into a medium-voltage collection system by multiple wind turbine generators such that the voltage� (more)
Kline, Jared Andrew
Nonlinear power flow control applications to conventional generator swing equations subject to variable generation.
In this paper, the swing equations for renewable generators are formulated as a natural Hamiltonian system with externally applied non-conservative forces. A two-step process referred to as Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) is used to analyze and design feedback controllers for the renewable generator system. This formulation extends previous results on the analytical verification of the Potential Energy Boundary Surface (PEBS) method to nonlinear control analysis and design and justifies the decomposition of the system into conservative and non-conservative systems to enable a two-step, serial analysis and design procedure. In particular, this approach extends the work done by developing a formulation which applies to a larger set of Hamiltonian Systems that has Nearly Hamiltonian Systems as a subset. The results of this research include the determination of the required performance of a proposed Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)/storage device to enable the maximum power output of a wind turbine while meeting the power system constraints on frequency and phase. The FACTS/storage device is required to operate as both a generator and load (energy storage) on the power system in this design. The Second Law of Thermodynamics is applied to the power flow equations to determine the stability boundaries (limit cycles) of the renewable generator system and enable design of feedback controllers that meet stability requirements while maximizing the power generation and flow to the load. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of renewable generators systems are determined based on the concepts of Hamiltonian systems, power flow, exergy (the maximum work that can be extracted from an energy flow) rate, and entropy rate.
Robinett, Rush D., III; Wilson, David Gerald
Program on Technology Innovation: An Investigation of the Stability Region Concept Applied to Stability-Constrained Optimal Power Flows
This report presents the formulation of optimal power flow with linear dynamic stability constraints. Intensive off-line dynamic simulations were performed to capture the system instability separation modes corresponding to system disturbances and to further derive the linear coefficients for each hyperplane. Optimal power flows with and without the dynamic stability region constraints were computed, and dynamic simulations based on two sets of power flow solutions were performed. Comparison of the two s...
Flow of power-law fluids in self-affine fracture channels
The two-dimensional pressure driven flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluids in self-affine fracture channels at finite Reynolds number is calculated. The channels have constant mean aperture and two values $\\zeta$=0.5 and 0.8 of the Hurst exponent are considered. The calculation is based on the lattice-Boltzmann method, using a novel method to obtain a power-law variation in viscosity, and the behavior of shear-thinning, Newtonian and shear-thickening liquids is compared. Local aspects of the flow fields, such as maximum velocity and pressure fluctuations, were studied, and the non-Newtonian fluids were compared to the (previously-studied) Newtonian case. The permeability results may be collapsed into a master curve of friction factor vs. Reynolds number using a scaling similar to that employed for porous media flow, and exhibits a transition from a linear regime to a more rapid variation at Re increases.
Yiguang Yan; Joel Koplik
Power-law scaling of asymmetries in viscous flow with PT-symmetric inflow and outflow
In recent years, open systems with balanced loss and gain, that are invariant under the combined parity and time-reversal (PT) operations, have been studied via asymmetries of their solutions. They represent systems as diverse as coupled optical waveguides, silicon photonic circuits, and electrical or mechanical oscillators. We numerically investigate the asymmetries of incompressible viscous flow in two and three dimensions with "balanced" inflow-outflow (PT-symmetric) configurations. By introducing configuration-dependent classes of asymmetry functions in velocity, kinetic energy density, and vorticity fields, we find that the flow asymmetries exhibit power-law scaling in the laminar regime with the Reynolds number ranging over four decades. At small Reynolds numbers, the flow asymmetries in the balanced configurations are orders of magnitude smaller than those that occur in traditional configurations. Our results imply that PT-symmetric inflow-outflow configurations provide a hitherto unexplored avenue to tune flow properties.
Huidan; Yu; Xi Chen; Yousheng Xu; Yogesh N. Joglekar
Estimation of steady-state unbalanced system conditions combining conventional power flow and fault analysis software
In real three-phase power systems the voltages and currents are not fully symmetrical. A method has been developed to estimate the effects of slight unbalanced network conditions for steady-state operation. A conventional power flow is followed by a linear incremental calculation using a three-phase model of the network. The unbalanced condition is handled like a multiple unbalanced fault. The process is illustrated for the case of a transformer bank with non-identical single phase units. The results show the effects of different transformer reactances and different voltage ratios, respectively.
Reichelt, D.; Ecknauer, E. [Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke AG, Baden (Switzerland); Glavitsch, H. [Swiss Federal Inst. of Tech., Zurich (Switzerland)
Integrated models of distribution transformers and their loads for three-phase power flow analyses
This paper introduces integrated models of distribution transformers and their loads for three-phase power flow analyses. All transformer connections can be easily included, such as single-phase, open wye, open delta and three-phase. For an existing three-phase power flow program without rigorous transformer models, only a slight modification of this program is needed to analyze distribution systems in more detail by using these proposed models. For those with rigorous transformer models, the rigorous transformer models usually make the program converge with difficulty, or even diverge. The convergence characteristics of these program can be dramatically improved if proposed integrated models are used instead of the rigorous transformer models. Moreover, these models can be easily applied by some functions of advanced distribution management systems or automatic mapping and facility management systems, such as transformer load management and feeder load management, to evaluate the individual phase loads along a feeder.
Chen, T.H.; Chang, Y.L. [National Taiwan Inst. of Tech., Taipei (Taiwan, Province of China). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Flow simulation of the Component Development Integration Facility magnetohydrodynamic power train system
This report covers application of Argonne National Laboratory`s (ANL`s) computer codes to simulation and analysis of components of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power train system at the Component Development and Integration Facility (CDIF). Major components of the system include a 50-MWt coal-fired, two-stage combustor and an MHD channel. The combustor, designed and built by TRW, includes a deswirl section between the first and the second-stage combustor and a converging nozzle following the second-stage combustor, which connects to the MHD channel. ANL used computer codes to simulate and analyze flow characteristics in various components of the MHD system. The first-stage swirl combustor was deemed a mature technology and, therefore, was not included in the computer simulation. Several versions of the ICOMFLO computer code were used for the deswirl section and second-stage combustor. The MGMHD code, upgraded with a slag current leakage submodel, was used for the MHD channel. Whenever possible data from the test facilities were used to aid in calibrating parameters in the computer code, to validate the computer code, or to set base-case operating conditions for computations with the computer code. Extensive sensitivity and parametric studies were done on cold-flow mixing in the second-stage combustor, reacting flow in the second-stage combustor and converging nozzle, and particle-laden flow in the deswirl zone of the first-stage combustor, the second-stage combustor, and the converging nozzle. These simulations with subsequent analysis were able to show clearly in flow patterns and various computable measures of performance a number of sensitive and problematical areas in the design of the power train. The simulations of upstream components also provided inlet parameter profiles for simulation of the MHD power generating channel. 86 figs., 18 tabs.
Chang, S.L.; Lottes, S.A.; Bouillard, J.X.; Petrick, M.
Contingency-Constrained Optimal Power Flow and the Community Activity Room (CC-OPF and CAR)
Demand for an OPF tool measuring state and recommended control actions is on the rise because of network reliability concerns as well as the expansion of LMP (Locational Marginal Pricing) markets. The two related projects brought together in this report describe a method that is secure, stable, fast, and simple to use. The first project 8212 the Contingency-Constrained Optimum Power Flow (CC-OPF) project 8212 focused on contingency analysis, revising OPF limits, developing a common data source (CDS) appl...
Power source for an axial-flow CO/sub 2/laser tube
A power device is described for an axial-flow-type CO/sub 2/ laser shell comprising: a high voltage DC power source directly connected to a cathode of the laser shell, in which a discharge for laser pumping takes place, for applying a constant high DC voltage to the cathode; and a high voltage pulse power source connected through a ballast resistance to an anode of the laser shell for applying a high pulse voltage to the anode, the high voltage pulse power source having a DC power circuit, a switching element having a first terminal to receive a command signal instructing switching operation, and second and third terminals connected or disconnected by the switching operation, the second terminal being connected to the DC power circuit and the third terminal being connected to the anode of the laser shell through ballast resistance, and a PWM controller having an output terminal connected to the first terminal of the switching element, for outputting a pulsed voltage with a predetermined repetition frequency and width, as the command signal.
Koseki, R.
Gate-turn-off thyristors provide new level of power-flow control
The availability of high-power, gate-turn-off (GTO) thyristors has made possible the development of a new class of solid-state devices that promise an unprecedented degree of control over the flow of power in the nation`s network. The first of these, a static compensator known as Statcom, which offers dynamic control over the flow of VArs into, or out of, the network, was unveiled last month at the Tennessee Valley Authority`s (TVA) Sullivan substation in eastern Tennessee. The principal element of the Statcom is a voltage-sourced inverter that converts dc voltage at its input terminals into a 3-phase alternating output voltage. To eliminate the quasi square wave that a single inverter would generate - along with unacceptable harmonics - the Statcom uses many such inverters, appropriately phase-shifted, and combines their outputs through electromagnetic linkages to produce a nearly sinusoidal output waveform. By numerous voltage additions and subtractions, eight inverters used in the Statcom generate a 48-pulse, nearly sinusoidal output waveform. The GTO-based inverters and electronic feedback control give the Statcom a dynamic performance far exceeding that of other reactive power compensators. In fact, the device can transition from full rated capacitive to full-rated VArs in approximately one-quarter cycle. Nominal rating of each inverter is 12.5 MVA. 12 figs.
Wind power application for low flow irrigation from the Edwards-Trinity aquifer of West Texas
Attempts were made to reduce the cost of energy for irrigation in West Texas. To do this two wind turbines of 10 kW size were installed in Garden City and Stiles, Texas to pump water. The turbines were installed on 30 m towers. The pumping water head at Garden City and Stiles were 48 m and 80 m, respectively.A double Fourier series analysis of wind speed characteristics was done to better predict wind speed for the test areas and the use of a N=3 and M=7 harmonic term was suggested for this region. A relationship of flow pumped from a wind powered pumping system was developed to better predict flow rate based on available wind speed and pumping water depth data.The economic analysis of this system showed that if the local utility sold power at rate of $0.09kWh then a wind powered pumping system can be economically feasible if the cost of a 10 kW wind turbine was less than $5000 payable over 30 years at 5% interest rate. The current cost of such a system is $30,000, making it prohibitively expensive. However, such a system may become a more economical alternative as the cost of electricity increases and the cost of the turbines decrease.
Molla, Saiful Islam
Effects of blade configurations on flow distribution and power output of a Zephyr vertical axis wind turbine
Numerical simulations with FLUENT software were conducted to investigate the fluid flow through a novel vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). Simulation of flow through the turbine rotor was performed with the aim of predicting the performance characteristics ... Keywords: blade configuration, power output, rotor, simulation, vertical axis wind turbine
J. O. Ajedegba; G. F. Naterer; M. A. Rosen; E. Tsang
Hydrogen turbines for space power systems: A simplified axial flow gas turbine model
This paper descirbes a relatively simple axial flow gas expansion turbine mass model, which we developed for use in our space power system studies. The model uses basic engineering principles and realistic physical properties, including gas conditions, power level, and material stresses, to provide reasonable and consistent estimates of turbine mass and size. Turbine design modifications caused by boundary layer interactions, stress concentrations, stage leakage, or bending and thermal stresses are not accounted for. The program runs on an IBM PC, uses little computer time and has been incorporated into our system-level space power platform analysis computer codes. Parametric design studies of hydrogen turbines using this model are presented for both nickel superalloy and carbon/carbon composite turbines. The effects of speed, pressure ratio, and power level on hydrogen turbine mass are shown and compared to a baseline case 100-MWe, 10,000-rpm hydrogen turbine. Comparison with more detailed hydrogen turbine designs indicates that our simplified model provides mass estimates that are within 25% of the ones provided by more complex calculations. 8 figs.
Hudson, S.L.
Suction-recirculation device for stabilizing particle flows within a solar powered solid particle receiver
A suction-recirculation device for stabilizing the flow of a curtain of blackened heat absorption particles falling inside of a solar receiver with an open aperture. The curtain of particles absorbs the concentrated heat from a solar mirror array reflected up to the receiver on a solar power tower. External winds entering the receiver at an oblique angle can destabilize the particle curtain and eject particles. A fan and ductwork is located behind the back wall of the receiver and sucks air out through an array of small holes in the back wall. Any entrained particles are separated out by a conventional cyclone device. Then, the air is recirculated back to the top of the receiver by injecting the recycled air through an array of small holes in the receiver's ceiling and upper aperture front wall. Since internal air is recirculated, heat losses are minimized and high receiver efficiency is maintained. Suction-recirculation velocities in the range of 1-5 m/s are sufficient to stabilize the particle curtain against external wind speeds in excess of 10 m/s.
Kolb, Gregory J. (Albuquerque, NM)
Original article: Power flow Petri Net modelling for building integrated multi-source power system with smart grid interaction
This paper presents an energy management modelling of a multi-source power system composed of photovoltaic (PV) array, storage and power grid connection, and taking into account messages from smart grid. The designed system can supply a tertiary building ... Keywords: Energy management, Petri Net modelling, Photovoltaic, Smart grid, Stateflow
B. C. Wang, M. Sechilariu, F. Locment
Power plant degradation : a modular secondary plant and integral flow accelerated corrosion model
Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) is the most prevalent material degradation mechanism for low carbon steel in steam-water flow systems. The band of uncertainty in predictions of wear rate due to FAC spans one to two orders ...
Van der Helm, Mark Johan, 1972-
A Power-Law Formulation of Laminar Flow in Short Pipes Max Sherman
by the same approaches that Jeppson 1 uses for turbulent ones. Other similarities are suggested, but have;10 REFERENCES 1. J.W. Jeppson, "Analysis of Flow in Pipe Networks," Ann Arbor Science, pp. 53-69, (1977). 2. H
Distributed multi-phase distribution power flow: modeling, solution algorithm, and simulation results.
??With the increasing presence of distributed intelligence throughout power distribution systems, the possibilities for distributed control and operation schemes are becoming progressively more attractive and� (more)
Kleinberg, Michael R.
Optimal Power Flow of Multiple Energy Carriers(Geidl and Andersson...
topics related to ESI Prospects for Nuclear Power(Davis 2012) A Framework for the Optimization of Integrated Energy Systems(Jain and Alleyne 2012) Energy System...
Bus optimization for low-power data path synthesis based on network flow method
Sub-micron feature sizes have resulted in a considerable portion of power to be dissipated on the buses, causing an increased attention on savings for power at the behavioral level and RT level of design. This paper addresses the problem of minimizing ...
Sungpack Hong; Taewhan Kim
Holistic optimization of distribution automation network designs using survivability modeling and power flow equations
Smart grids are fostering a paradigm shift in the realm of power distribution systems. Whereas traditionally different components of the power distribution system have been provided and analyzed by different teams, smart grids require a unified and holistic ... Keywords: smart-grids
Anne Koziolek; Alberto Avritzer; Daniel Sadoc Menasch�
Combined cycle electric power plant and a heat recovery steam generator having improved boiler feed pump flow control
A combined cycle electric power plant is described that includes gas and steam turbines and a steam generator for recovering the heat in the exhaust gases exited from the gas turbine and for using the recovered heat to produce and supply steam to the steam turbine. The steam generator includes an economizer tube and a high pressure evaporator tube and a boiler feed pump for directing the heat exchange fluid serially through the aforementioned tubes. A condenser is associated with the steam turbine for converting the spent steam into condensate water to be supplied to a deaerator for removing undesired air and for preliminarily heating the water condensate before being pumped to the economizer tube. Condensate flow through the economizer tube is maintained substantially constant by maintaining the boiler feed pump at a predetermined, substantially constant rate. A bypass conduit is provided to feed back a portion of the flow heated in the economizer tube to the deaerator; the portion being equal to the difference between the constant flow through the economizer tube and the flow to be directed through the high pressure evaporator tube as required by the steam turbine for its present load.
Martz, L.F.; Plotnick, R.J.
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Low Cost, High Performance and Long Life Flow Battery Electrodes - Tom Stepien, Primus Power
With ARPA-E we optimized With ARPA-E we optimized * Adhesion * Current density * Duration * Catalytic coatings * Voltaic performance Goals * Cost-effectiveness * High-efficiency * Uniformity EnergyPod Low Cost, High Performance and Long Life Flow Battery Electrodes TM A Breakthrough In Distributed, Grid Scale Energy Storage ARPA-E has enabled Primus Power to create an innovative and technically advanced electrode Electrode Zinc Plating This, combined with our other advances has enabled us to create a unique flow battery system with ... Low cost electrodes Long life High efficiency Flexibility For... Ubiquitous Dispatchable Cost effective ... grid-scale electrical energy storage to: * Accelerate renewable
Comparative cost analyses: total flow vs other power conversion systems for the Salton Sea Geothermal Resource
Cost studies were done for Total Flow, double flash, and multistage flash binary systems for electric Energy production from the Salton Sea Geothermal Resource. The purpose was to provide the Department of energy's Division of Geothermal Energy with information by which to judge whether to continue development of the Total Flow system. Results indicate that the Total Flow and double flash systems have capital costs of $1,135 and $1,026 /kW with energy costs of 40.9 and 39.7 mills/kW h respectively. The Total Flow and double flash systems are not distinguishable on a cost basis alone; the multistage flash binary system, with capital cost of $1,343 /kW and energy cost of 46.9 mills/kW h, is significantly more expensive. If oil savings are considered in the total analysis, the Total Flow system could save 30% more oil than the double flash system, $3.5 billion at 1978 oil prices.
Wright, G.W.
Simulating Field-Scale Moisture Flow Using a Combined Power-Averaging and Tensorial Connectivity-Tortuosity Approach
Various stochastic methods have been developed over the past two decades to estimate effective unsaturated hydraulic properties. We develop in this paper an alternative practical approach to estimate three-dimensional effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity via a combined power-averaging and tensorial connectivity-tortuosity (PA-TCT) model. An application of the new approach to data collected at a field injection site suggests that the PA-TCT model provides 1) a reasonable framework for upscaling core-scale measurements and 2) an accurate simulation of moisture flow in a heterogeneous vadose zone. The heterogeneous media at the injection site is composed of multiple geologic units, each of which is represented by an anisotropic equivalent homogeneous medium (EHM). The directional effective hydraulic conductivity for each anisotropic EHM was determined by upscaling the laboratory-measured hydraulic properties with the combined PA-TCT approach. A larger difference between the power values in the horizontal and vertical directions indicates a larger macroscopic anisotropy in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. A moment analysis was used to quantify the center of mass and the spread of the moisture content difference. Numerical simulations showed that, if the flow domain were treated as being isotropic, the vertical migration was significantly overestimated while the lateral movement was underestimated when compared to observations. To the contrary, if the media was treated as perfectly stratified, the lateral moisture movement was considerably overestimated while the vertical movement was underestimated. However, when the flow domain was modeled as being mildly anisotropic with the PA-TCT based parameters, the model can successfully predict the moisture flow and the simulated plume matched the observed moisture plume the best.
Zhang, Z. F.; Khaleel, Raziuddin
The effect of expansion-ratio limitations on positive-displacement, total-flow geothermal power systems
Combined steam-turbine/positive-displacement engine (PDE) geothermal power systems are analyzed thermodynamically and compared with optimized reference flash-steam plants. Three different configurations of combined systems are considered. Treated separately are the cases of self-flowing and pumped wells. Two strategies are investigated that help overcome the inherent expansion-ratio limitation of PDE's: pre-flashing and pre-mixing. Parametrically-obtained results show the required minimum PDE efficiency for the combined system to match the reference plant for various sets of design conditions.
DiPippo, R.
Fast-wave Power Flow Along SOL Field Lines In NSTX nd The Associated Power Deposition Profile Across The SOL In Front Of The Antenna
Fast-wave heating and current drive efficiencies can be reduced by a number of processes in the vicinity of the antenna and in the scrape off layer (SOL). On NSTX from around 25% to more than 60% of the high-harmonic fast-wave power can be lost to the SOL regions, and a large part of this lost power flows along SOL magnetic field lines and is deposited in bright spirals on the divertor floor and ceiling. We show that field-line mapping matches the location of heat deposition on the lower divertor, albeit with a portion of the heat outside of the predictions. The field-line mapping can then be used to partially reconstruct the profile of lost fast-wave power at the midplane in front of the antenna, and the losses peak close to the last closed flux surface (LCFS) as well as the antenna. This profile suggests a radial standing-wave pattern formed by fast-wave propagation in the SOL, and this hypothesis will be tested on NSTX-U. Advanced RF codes must reproduce these results so that such codes can be used to understand this edge loss and to minimize RF heat deposition and erosion in the divertor region on ITER.
Perkins, Roy
Distributed control of reactive power flow in a radial distribution circuit with high photovoltaic penetration
We show how distributed control of reactive power can serve to regulate voltage and minimize resistive losses in a distribution circuit that includes a significant level of photovoltaic (PV) generation. To demonstrate the technique, we consider a radial distribution circuit with a single branch consisting of sequentially-arranged residential-scale loads that consume both real and reactive power. In parallel, some loads also have PV generation capability. We postulate that the inverters associated with each PV system are also capable of limited reactive power generation or consumption, and we seek to find the optimal dispatch of each inverter's reactive power to both maintain the voltage within an acceptable range and minimize the resistive losses over the entire circuit. We assume the complex impedance of the distribution circuit links and the instantaneous load and PV generation at each load are known. We compare the results of the optimal dispatch with a suboptimal local scheme that does not require any com...
Turitsyn, Konstantin; Backhaus, Scott; Chertkov, Michael
Distributed Multi-Phase Distribution Power Flow: Modeling, Solution Algorithm and Simulation Results
With the increasing installation of power electronics and automated devices, the possibilities for distributed control and operation schemes are becoming progressively more attractive and feasible. This paper presents a new method for calculating distribution ...
Michael Kleinberg; Karen Miu; Chika Nwankpa
We show how distributed control of reactive power can serve to regulate voltage and minimize resistive losses in a distribution circuit that includes a significant level of photovoltaic (PV) generation. To demonstrate the technique, we consider a radial distribution circuit with a single branch consisting of sequentially-arranged residential-scale loads that consume both real and reactive power. In parallel, some loads also have PV generation capability. We postulate that the inverters associated with each PV system are also capable of limited reactive power generation or consumption, and we seek to find the optimal dispatch of each inverter's reactive power to both maintain the voltage within an acceptable range and minimize the resistive losses over the entire circuit. We assume the complex impedance of the distribution circuit links and the instantaneous load and PV generation at each load are known. We compare the results of the optimal dispatch with a suboptimal local scheme that does not require any communication. On our model distribution circuit, we illustrate the feasibility of high levels of PV penetration and a significant (20% or higher) reduction in losses.
Chertkov, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Turitsyn, Konstantin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Backhaus, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sule, Petr [NEW MEXICO CONSORTIUM
Nonlinear power flow feedback control for improved stability and performance of airfoil sections
A computer-implemented method of determining the pitch stability of an airfoil system, comprising using a computer to numerically integrate a differential equation of motion that includes terms describing PID controller action. In one model, the differential equation characterizes the time-dependent response of the airfoil's pitch angle, .alpha.. The computer model calculates limit-cycles of the model, which represent the stability boundaries of the airfoil system. Once the stability boundary is known, feedback control can be implemented, by using, for example, a PID controller to control a feedback actuator. The method allows the PID controller gain constants, K.sub.I, K.sub.p, and K.sub.d, to be optimized. This permits operation closer to the stability boundaries, while preventing the physical apparatus from unintentionally crossing the stability boundaries. Operating closer to the stability boundaries permits greater power efficiencies to be extracted from the airfoil system.
Wilson, David G.; Robinett, III, Rush D.
A Test of the Flow Velocity Enhancement System (FVES) for Deflecting Aquatic Vegetation from the Intake of Genoa Power Station #3, Wisconsin
This report reviews the results of an evaluation of the Flow Velocity Enhancement System (FVES), a new technology for generating motive water in the water column to deflect downstream drifting aquatic weeds from cooling water intakes. The research was conducted at Dairyland Power�s Genoa Generating Station on the upper Mississippi River in Wisconsin.BackgroundBlockage of cooling water intake structures (CWIS) by waterborne debris occurs frequently at ...
Stocks and Flows of U and Pu in a World with 3.6 TWe of Nuclear Power
Integrated energy, environment, and economics models project that worldwide electrical energy use will increase to ?12 TWe in 2100 and nuclear power may be required to provide 3.6 TWe at this time. If pulverized coal without carbon sequestration were employed instead, the resulting incremental long-term global temperature rise would be about 2/3 deg C. Calculations are presented of the stocks and flows of uranium and plutonium associated with the scenario where this energy is provided by nuclear power. If only light-water reactors (LWRs) are used, the scenario consumes about 33.4 Mt of mined uranium. Continuing to operate the reactors in place in 2100 through the end of their assumed 60 year lifetime raises this to 59 Mt, 4.7x the NEA/ IAEA Redbook estimate for total discovered + undiscovered uranium. The waste corresponds to about 86x the legally defined capacity of Yucca Mtn. A case is also considered where a transition is begun to fast-spectrum reactors in 2040, both for a �balanced� system of LWRs and transuranic (TRU) burners with conversion ration (CR) = 0.5, and for a system of breeders. In the latter case we find that CR = 1.21 is adequate to replace all LWRs with breeders by 2100, using solely TRU from LWRs to start up the reactors � assuming reprocessed fuel is available for use two years after its removal from the reactor. The stock of plutonium circulating in the fast reactor system in 2100 is comparable to that which would have been buried in the LWR-only case. One year of fueling corresponds to 2,000 � 6,000t of Pu. Fusion energy, if first brought on line in mid-century, could in principle replace fast reactors in this scenario.
Robert J. Goldston
The characterization of flow regimes with power spectral density distributions of pressure fluctuations during condensation in smooth and micro-fin tubes
This paper presents an objective predictor of the prevailing flow regime during refrigerant condensation inside smooth-, micro-fin and herringbone tubes. The power spectral density (PSD) distribution of the fluctuating condensing pressure signal was used to predict the prevailing flow regime, as opposed to the traditional (and subjective) use of visual-only methods, and/or smooth-tube flow regime maps. The prevailing flow regime was observed by using digital cameras and was validated with the use of the conventional smooth-tube flow regime transition criteria, Froude rate criteria, as well as a new flow regime map that was developed for micro-fin tube condensation. Experimental work was conducted for condensing R-22, R-407C, and R-134a at an average saturation temperature of 40{sup o}C with mass fluxes ranging from 300 to 800kg/m{sup 2}s, and with vapour qualities ranging from 0.85-0.95 at condenser inlet to 0.05-0.15 at condenser outlet. Tests were conducted with one smooth-tube condenser and three micro-fin tube condensers (with helix angles of 10{sup o}, 18{sup o}, and 37{sup o}, respectively). It is shown that the micro-fin tubes cause a delay in the transition from annular to intermittent flow by at least 19% (compared to the smooth tube), thus significantly contributing to the enhancement of heat transfer. (author)
Liebenberg, Leon; Meyer, Josua P. [Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 (South Africa)
In this paper we present recent results of the application of the thermal-hydraulic code BAGIRA to the analysis of complex two-phase flows in nuclear power plants primary loops. In particular, we performed benchmark numerical simulation of an integral LOCA experiment performed on a test facility modeling the primary circuit of VVER-1000. In addition, we have also analyzed the flow patterns in the VVER-1000 steam generator vessel for stationary and transient operation regimes. For both of these experiments we have compared the numerical results with measured data. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of BAGIRA by modeling a hypothetical severe accident for a VVER-1000 type nuclear reactor. The numerical analysis, which modeled all stages of the hypothetical severe accident up to the complete ablation of the reactor cavity bottom, shows the importance of multi-dimensional flow effects.
Two-Phase Flow Studies in Nuclear Power Plant Primary Circuits Using the Three-Dimensional Thermal-Hydraulic Code BAGIRA
in this paper we present recent results of the application of the thermal-hydraulic code BAGIRA to the analysis of complex two-phase flows in nuclear power plants primary loops. In particular, we performed benchmark numerical simulation of an integral LOCA experiment performed on a test facility modeling the primary circuit of VVER-1000. In addition, we have also analyzed the flow patterns in the VVER-1000 steam generator vessel for stationary and transient operation regimes. For both of these experiments we have compared the numerical results with measured data. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of BAGIRA by modeling a hypothetical severe accident for a VVER-1000 type nuclear reactor. The numerical analysis, which modeled all stages of the hypothetical severe accident up to the complete ablation of the reactor cavity bottom, shows the importance of multi-dimensional flow effects. (authors)
Kalinichenko, S.D.; Kroshilin, A.E.; Kroshilin, V.E.; Smirnov, A.V. [All-Russian Research Institute for Nuclear Power Plant Operations (VNIIAES) 25 Ferganskaya St., 109507 Moscow (Russian Federation); Kohut, P. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 475 Upton, NY 11973, (United States)
A half-scale clear plastic nonnuclear flow model of the 40-Mw(e) Peach Bottom High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) vessel and internals was operated during the period from January 1981, through October 1981. The model was operated as an induced system using ambient air as the working fluid. The maximum Reynolds number achieved in the model was approximately one-half of the Reynolds number corresponding to the full-load design conditions in the prototype. The prototype reactor pressure-drop values extrapolated from the flow-model data indicated a pressure drop of 2.0 psi for a helium flow rate of 468,000 lb/hr and pressure of 350 psia, and a constant inlet and Outlet temperature of 650 deg F. The corresponding conservatively calculated pressure-drop value was approximately 2.9 psi. No areas of serious flow starvation were observed within the model during tests with flow through only one nozzle or through both nozzles. The inlet flow divided almost equally into the upward and downward directions. Regions where low velocities were indicated appeared to be turbulent and free from stagnation. Completely closing the four off-center openings in the top head reduced the flow of air from the outer flow jacket to the inner flow jackets by only about 20%. This result supported the design approach of providing only one nozzle in the center of the top head for flow from the outer to the inner flow jackets. The heat-transfer coefficients measured at the inner surface of the pressure vessel varied over a range from 50 to 200 Btu/(hr)(ft2)( deg F), at the design flow rate, and in general were about twice the caiculated values for corresponding points. The tilting reflector was found to be a workable concept. No vibration or movement could be induced in the core by manual manipulation of various reflector blocks. There was no detectable vibration of the core during any mode of flowmodel operation. (auth)
Ross, S.; Dav, E.A.; Skeehan, R.A.
Effects of blade configuration on flow distribution and power output of a zephyr vertical axis wind turbine.
??Worldwide interest in renewable energy systems has increased dramatically, due to environmental concerns like climate change and other factors. Wind power is a major source� (more)
Ajedegba, John Oviemuno
Improved Fluid Flow Measurements: Feedwater Flow
This report describes the combined results of a utility survey and site visits concerning feedwater flow measurement in fossil-fueled power plants. In addition, a summary is provided of the technologies available to measure the volumetric feedwater flow rate in plants. This volumetric flow rate can be converted to a mass flow rate by knowing the pressure and temperature of the flow media. Velocity meters, differential pressure meters, and other closed-conduit flowmeters are discussed along with ...
Process Flow Chart for Immobilizing of Radioactive High Concentration Sodium Hydroxide Product from the Sodium Processing Facility at the BN-350 Nuclear power plant in Aktau, Kazakhstan
This paper describes the results of a joint research investigations carried out by the group of Kazakhstan, British and American specialists in development of a new material for immobilization of radioactive 35% sodium hydroxide solutions from the sodium coolant processing facility of the BN-350 nuclear power plant. The resulting solid matrix product, termed geo-cement stone, is capable of isolating long lived radionuclides from the environment. The physico-mechanical properties of geo-cement stone have been investigated and the flow chart for its production verified in a full scale experiments. (author)
Burkitbayev, M.; Omarova, K.; Tolebayev, T. [Ai-Farabi Kazakh National University, Chemical Faculty, Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Galkin, A. [KATEP Ltd., Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Bachilova, N. [NIISTROMPROEKT Ltd., Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Blynskiy, A. [Nuclear Technology Safety Centre, Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Maev, V. [MAEK-Kazatomprom Ltd., Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan); Wells, D. [NUKEM Limited- a member of the Freyssinet Group, Winfrith Technology Centre, Dorchester, Dorset (United Kingdom); Herrick, A. [NUKEM Limited- a member of the Freyssinet Group, Caithness (United Kingdom); Michelbacher, J. [Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls (United States)
Optimal Power Grid Protection through A Defender-Attacker ...
DC power flow model is used to compute power ... Constraints (4) capture the active DC power flows on a ..... Board on Energy and Environmental Systems; Na -.
Peak power identification on power bumps during test application
Peak power during test can seriously impact circuit performance as well as the power safety for both CUT and tester. In this paper, we propose a method of layout-aware weighted switching activity identification flow that evaluates peak current/power ... Keywords: CMOS device, peak power identification, power bumps, test application, layout-aware weighted switching activity identification flow, dynamic power model, parasitic capacitance, resistance network, power bus, power delivery path, IR-drop, commercial power sign-off analysis tool
Wei Zhao; M. Tehranipoor
O{sub 2}({sup 1}{delta}) production in flowing He/O{sub 2} plasmas. I. Axial transport and pulsed power formats
Chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COILs) have promising applications due to their high efficiency and ease of scaling to multikilowatt powers. Recent research has focused on pumping the iodine with O{sub 2}({sup 1}{delta}) produced by electric discharges. In a previous work, a global model was used to develop reaction mechanisms and determine the specific energy deposition (eV/O{sub 2}) required to obtain high O{sub 2}({sup 1}{delta}) yields for electric discharge COILs. Experiments have recently achieved positive laser gain and oscillation with these energy depositions and have highlighted the importance of axial expansion of the plasma in optimizing excitation of the O{sub 2}({sup 1}{delta}). In this work, the consequences of axial transport on O{sub 2}({sup 1}{delta}) yields have been computationally investigated in flowing He/O{sub 2} plasmas at a few Torrs using a one-dimensional plasma hydrodynamics and kinetics model. We show that the experimentally observed extension of the plasma glow upstream and downstream of the electrodes is due to electron diffusion and capacitive coupling of the radio-frequency power source. We also show that {approx_equal}50% higher O{sub 2}({sup 1}{delta}) yields can be achieved with a pulsed discharge combined with continuous-wave discharge.
Stafford, D. Shane; Kushner, Mark J. [Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (United States); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States)
Designing Axial Flow Fan for Flow and Noise
A comprehensive finite element methodology is developed to predict the compressible flow performance of a non-symmetric 7-blade axial flow fan, and to quantify the source strength and sound pressure levels at any location in the system. The acoustic and flow performances of the fan are predicted simultaneously using a computational aero-acoustic technique combining transient flow analysis and noise propagation. The calculated sound power levels compare favorably with the measured sound power data per AMCA 300-96 code.
Subrata Roy; Phillip Cho; Fred P�ri�; International Off-highway
Convex Quadratic Relaxations of Nonlinear Programs in Power ...
Sep 30, 2013 ... Three case studies in optimal power flows, line-switching optimal power flows, and capacitor placement demonstrate the benefits of the new�...
PowerPoint Presentation
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
2 QUENCH TESTS 2 QUENCH TESTS 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0 5 10 15 20 25 QUENCH NUMBER QUENCH CURRENT (A) Right Upper (Forced Flow) Right Upper (Liquid) Left Upper (Forced Flow) Left Lower (Forced Flow) No Quench (Forced Flow) No Quench (Liquid) Thermal Cycle 7 TeV (5700A) 7.56 TeV (6300A) WBT CLOSED Only left magnet powered Power & Flow Right Only WBT Open LIQUID WBT CLOSED FORCED FLOW Power & Flow Left Only 18-Feb-2005 J. F. Muratore Brookhaven National Lab D3L102 QUENCH SUMMARY Magcool Bay C ________________________________________________________________________________ QUENCH RUN CURRENT T2 T3 START MIITS COIL COMMENTS # # (A) (K) (K) (ms)
Optimization Online - The N - k Problem in Power Grids: New ...
Aug 1, 2008 ... Abstract: Given a power grid modeled by a network together with equations describing the power flows, power generation and consumption,�...
Estimation of steady-state and transcient power distributions for the RELAP analyses of the 1963 loss-of-flow and loss-of-pressure tests at BR2.
To support the safety analyses required for the conversion of the Belgian Reactor 2 (BR2) from highly-enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel, the simulation of a number of loss-of-flow tests, with or without loss of pressure, has been undertaken. These tests were performed at BR2 in 1963 and used instrumented fuel assemblies (FAs) with thermocouples (TC) imbedded in the cladding as well as probes to measure the FAs power on the basis of their coolant temperature rise. The availability of experimental data for these tests offers an opportunity to better establish the credibility of the RELAP5-3D model and methodology used in the conversion analysis. In order to support the HEU to LEU conversion safety analyses of the BR2 reactor, RELAP simulations of a number of loss-of-flow/loss-of-pressure tests have been undertaken. Preliminary analyses showed that the conservative power distributions used historically in the BR2 RELAP model resulted in a significant overestimation of the peak cladding temperature during the transient. Therefore, it was concluded that better estimates of the steady-state and decay power distributions were needed to accurately predict the cladding temperatures measured during the tests and establish the credibility of the RELAP model and methodology. The new approach ('best estimate' methodology) uses the MCNP5, ORIGEN-2 and BERYL codes to obtain steady-state and decay power distributions for the BR2 core during the tests A/400/1, C/600/3 and F/400/1. This methodology can be easily extended to simulate any BR2 core configuration. Comparisons with measured peak cladding temperatures showed a much better agreement when power distributions obtained with the new methodology are used.
Dionne, B.; Tzanos, C. P. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
Apparatus for establishing and maintaining a stable discharge across a stream of flowing gas, particularly useful for high-power lasers
Apparatus is described for establishing and maintaining a stable discharge across a stream of gas flowing through a gas-flow channel, which consists of: an electrode system including a group of working electrodes disposed on opposite sides of the gas flow channel and spaced longitudinally thereof in the direction of gas flow, which working electrodes include at least one upstream electrode at the upstream end of the gas flow channel; a high-voltage alternating current source connected at one side to each of the working electrodes and at the opposite side to a point of fixed reference potential; and a ballast impedance connected to each of the working electrodes for stabilizing the electrical discharge; the electrode system further including at least one starting electrode adjacent to the upstream working electrode and connected to the point of fixed reference potential via a ballast impedance of substantially larger impedance value than those connected to the working electrodes, such that the starting electrode is effective to bring the point of fixed reference potential to the upstream working electrode to start the discharge, and to draw little current after the discharge has been started.
Katz, D.
Electricity tends to flow south in North America - Today in ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
The map above shows that electricity tends to flow south in North America. The numbers on the map reflect average net power flows�metered ...
Multiphase Turbulent Flow Ken Kiger -UMCP
of the dispersion: · Size & geometry · Volume fraction #12;Bubbly Pipe Flow heat exchangers in power plants, A/C units Gas-Liquid Flow #12;Aeration: -produced by wave action - used as reactor in chemical processing delivery Liquid-Gas Flow http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/2009/07/wind-power-when-nature
Gruner, Daniel S.
Selenium Removal by Iron Cementation from a Coal-Fired Power Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater in a Continuous Flow System-- a Pilot Study
This technical update describes work funded by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and performed by MSE Technology Applications, Inc. (MSE) at a coal-fired power plant burning Powder River Basin (PRB) coal (identified in this report as Plant E). This work was based on encouraging results obtained during previous EPRI-funded work on flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatability testing by MSE, which focused on selenium removal from a variety of FGD wastewater sources. The results from th...
Specialized power-electronic apparatus for harnessing electrical power from kinetic hydropower plants.
??This thesis introduces a power electronic interface for a kinetic hydropower generation platform that enables extraction of electric power from a free-flowing water source such� (more)
Mosallat, Farid
Power inverters
Power inverters include a frame and a power module. The frame has a sidewall including an opening and defining a fluid passageway. The power module is coupled to the frame over the opening and includes a substrate, die, and an encasement. The substrate includes a first side, a second side, a center, an outer periphery, and an outer edge, and the first side of the substrate comprises a first outer layer including a metal material. The die are positioned in the substrate center and are coupled to the substrate first side. The encasement is molded over the outer periphery on the substrate first side, the substrate second side, and the substrate outer edge and around the die. The encasement, coupled to the substrate, forms a seal with the metal material. The second side of the substrate is positioned to directly contact a fluid flowing through the fluid passageway.
Miller, David H. (Redondo Beach, CA); Korich, Mark D. (Chino Hills, CA); Smith, Gregory S. (Woodland Hills, CA)
Kingsnorth PF Flow Meter Demonstration Trials
A three-month demonstration project at PowerGen's Kingsnorth Power Station tested several new pulverized fuel (PF) flow measurement technologies in the harsh environment of an operational power station. Although further development may be warranted, current on-line PF flow measurement technologies already meet the basic requirements of coal fired boiler operators.
7-29 A coal-burning power plant produces 300 MW of power. The amount of coal consumed during a one-day period and the rate of air flowing through the furnace are to be determined.
7-11 7-29 A coal-burning power plant produces 300 MW of power. The amount of coal consumed during The heating value of the coal is given to be 28,000 kJ/kg. Analysis (a) The rate and the amount of heat inputs'tQQ The amount and rate of coal consumed during this period are kg/s48.33 s360024 kg10893.2 MJ/kg28 MJ101.8 6
Bahrami, Majid
Toeplitz CAR flows and type I factorizations
Toeplitz CAR flows are a class of E_0-semigroups including the first type III example constructed by R. T. Powers. We show that the Toeplitz CAR flows contain uncountably many mutually non cocycle conjugate E_0-semigroups of type III. We also generalize the type III criterion for Toeplitz CAR flows employed by Powers (and later refined by W. Arveson), and show that Toeplitz CAR flows are always either of type I or type III.
Izumi, Masaki
Subcooled flow boiling of fluorocarbons
A study was conducted of heat transfer and hydrodynamic behavior for subcooled flow boiling of Freon-113, one of a group of fluorocarbons suitable for use in cooling of high-power-density electronic components. Problems ...
Murphy, Richard Walter
US energy flow, 1991
Trends in energy consumption and assessment of energy sources are discussed. Specific topics discussed include: energy flow charts; comparison of energy use with 1990 and earlier years; supply and demand of fossil fuels (oils, natural gas, coal); electrical supply and demand; and nuclear power.
Borg, I.Y.; Briggs, C.K.
Microsoft PowerPoint - CMU_Poster_Dinghuan
* Model predictive control * General concept * Energy storage & converter * State-space model * Conventional generator * Power network: DC power flow model * Two-stage SMPC...
Impact of Geomagnetically Induced Currents on Power Transformers.
??This thesis deals with the impact of Geomagnetically Induced Current (GIC) on power transformers in electrical power systems. A simulator to calculate the flows of� (more)
Berge, Jonathan E
Chemical preconcentrator with integral thermal flow sensor
A chemical preconcentrator with integral thermal flow sensor can be used to accurately measure fluid flow rate in a microanalytical system. The thermal flow sensor can be operated in either constant temperature or constant power mode and variants thereof. The chemical preconcentrator with integral thermal flow sensor can be fabricated with the same MEMS technology as the rest of the microanlaytical system. Because of its low heat capacity, low-loss, and small size, the chemical preconcentrator with integral thermal flow sensor is fast and efficient enough to be used in battery-powered, portable microanalytical systems.
Manginell, Ronald P. (Albuquerque, NM); Frye-Mason, Gregory C. (Cedar Crest, NM)
Plugless Power Evatran_Wireless Charging fact sheet.xlsx
Coil (mm) Power Flow from Generation to Vehicle Operation Electricity Generation Electricity Distribution Electricity Step Down Transformer Commercial Residential Wiring...
Evaluation of low flow characteristics of the Vermont Yankee plant
Boiling water reactor (BWR) core flow instrumentation inaccuracies under low-flow conditions have been the subject of both reactor vendor and regulatory communications in response to incidents of the reported core flow being less than the flow corresponding to the natural-circulation line on the power flow map. During single recirculation loop operation, low-flow conditions exist in the idle recirculation loop, and these flow inaccuracies can affect the usefulness of the reported core flow. Accurate core flow indications are needed above 25% power to administer fuel thermal limits and comply with restrictions associated with the potential for thermal-hydraulic instability. While the natural-circulation line on the power flow map is recognized to be a nominal estimate of the flow expected at and near natural-circulation conditions, the boundaries of the stability regions are associated with conditions assumed in safety analyses performed to demonstrate compliance with general design criteria 10 and 12.
Ganther, S.; LeFrancoi, M.; Bergeron, P. [Yankee Atomic Electric Co., Bolton, MA (United States)
Optimization Online - A polyhedral approach to reroute sequence ...
Aug 24, 2006 ... These results are then embedded in a branch-and-cut algorithm which ... Category 1: Applications -- OR and Management Sciences ... Citation: Technical Report n� PE/BSC/INF/20291 V01/EN, Nortel GSM Access R&D, 2006.
Efficiency combined cycle power plant
This patent describes a method of operating a combined cycle power plant. It comprises: flowing exhaust gas from a combustion turbine through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG); flowing feed water through an economizer section of the HRSG at a flow rate and providing heated feed water; flowing a first portion of the heated feed water through an evaporator section of the HRSG and producing saturated steam at a production rate, the flow rate of the feed water through the economizer section being greater than required to sustain the production rate of steam in the evaporator section; flowing fuel for the turbine through a heat exchanger; and, flowing a second portion of the heated feed water provided by the economizer section through the heat exchanger then to an inlet of the economizer section, thereby heating the fuel flowing through the heat exchanger.
Pavel, J.; Meyers, G.A.; Baldwin, T.S.
A circuit theory based load flow tracing method considering counter-flow contribution
A new method to trace the power flow based on the converged AC power flow solution is proposed in this paper. The method is formulated by using the transmission network structure, the equivalent-current-injection and the load- equivalent-admittances ... Keywords: equivalent current injection, equivalent load impedance, generator contribution, line loss allocation
Whei-Min Lin; Tung-Sheng Zhan; Cong-Hui Huang
11 North American Power Group, Ltd. 11 North American Power Group, Ltd. November 17, 2011 North American Power Group, Ltd. Two Elk Energy Park Carbon Site Characterization Study Preliminary Geologic Model-Update DOE NETL Annual Meeting November, 15-17, 2011 North American Power Group Copyright 2011 NAPG Two Elk Project Location 2 North American Power Group Copyright 2011 NAPG Work Flow and Project Integration 3 North American Power Group Copyright 2011 NAPG Modeling Approach Model basin architecture is basically constructed from data within a 25 x 25 mile square area Geologists reviewed data and correlated tops and surfaces Porosity, permeability, petrophysics and other information correlated from that data to create a baseline model Additional data has yet to be added from seismic information and from on-site penetrations
Sourcebook on the production of electricity from geothermal energy. Draft: Chapter 4, Section 4. 4. Status of the development of the total flow system for electric power production from geothermal energy. [Includes glossary
Discussion is presented under the following section headings: introduction; characteristics of wellhead fluid; energy conversion concepts (including subsections, the flashed steam system, the total flow concept, and comparison of total flow expanders); brine chemistry effects; a possible total flow system design; and references, bibliography, glossary, and figures. (JGB)
Austin, A.L.; Ryley, D.J.
Power Operations
Power Operations Outage Coordination Standards of Conduct Transmission Planning You are here: SN Home page > Power Operations Power Operations Western's Sierra Nevada Region...
Breakthrough Flow Battery Cell Stack: Transformative Electrochemical Flow Storage System (TEFSS)
GRIDS Project: UTRC is developing a flow battery with a unique design that provides significantly more power than today's flow battery systems. A flow battery is a cross between a traditional battery and a fuel cell. Flow batteries store their energy in external tanks instead of inside the cell itself. Flow batteries have traditionally been expensive because the battery cell stack, where the chemical reaction takes place, is costly. In this project, UTRC is developing a new stack design that achieves 10 times higher power than today�s flow batteries. This high power output means the size of the cell stack can be smaller, reducing the amount of expensive materials that are needed. UTRC�s flow battery will reduce the cost of storing electricity for the electric grid, making widespread use feasible.
CPFLOW for Power Tracer and Voltage Monitoring
the `nose' point without the numerical difficulties of repeated power flow solvers. It can generate P-V, Q generation at P-V buses · area P and/or Q loads plus real power generation at P-V buses · system P and/or Q loads plus real power generation at P-V buses · power interchanges · power transactions · power imports
This report uses a realistic system model to demonstrate how dynamic reserve requirements can be defined for real-time operation. Use of dynamic reserve requirements is especially beneficial for reliable and efficient integration of renewable generation. In this demonstration, the sequential dispatch process of vertically integrated utilities and energy markets was simulated using a multiple-cycle model that includes a day-ahead unit-commitment cycle with hourly intervals, an hour-ahead unit-commitment "...
Power Flow Control Using Distributed Saturable Reactors
V S /G V R /0q Z jX 2 cos S R S S Rsin SS V V V V V PQ XX G G 3 Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy Simple Example 3 x 150 MVA lines supply 250 MW load
Definition: Power Flow Control | Open Energy Information
(PARs), series capacitors, and very low impedance superconductors.1 Related Terms transmission lines, transformer, transmission line References SmartGrid.gov...
A sink-n-hoist framework for leakage power reduction
Power leakage constitutes an increasing fraction of the total power consumption in modern semiconductor technologies. Recent research efforts have tried to integrate architecture and compiler solutions to employ power-gating mechanisms to reduce leakage ... Keywords: balanced scheduling, compilers for low power, data-flow analysis, leakage power reduction, power-gating mechanisms
Yi-Ping You; Chung-Wen Huang; Jenq Kuen Lee
Power Economic Analysis
CRSP Management Center CRSP Management Center Western Area Power Administration January 2011 Power Economic Analysis of Operational Restrictions at Glen Canyon Dam In February, 1997, the operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam were changed. Operation was restricted to a Modified Low Fluctuating Flow as described in the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam, Colorado River Storage Project, Arizona, Final Environmental Impact Statement, March, 1995. These restrictions reduced the operating flexibility of the hydroelectric power plant and therefore the economic value of the electricity it produced. The Environmental Impact Statement provided impact information to support the Record of Decision governing dam operations. The impact
EPRI Coal Flow Loop: Evaluation of Extractive Methods
Extractive coal sampling methodologies are currently the principal method to estimate the flow of pulverized coal on the individual conveying lines of power boilers. The measurement uncertainty associated with the common methodologies is not well known. Parameters suspected to influence these types of measurement � such as distance from flow disturbances, flow regime, and air-to-coal ratio, among others � are difficult to control at a power plant. The Coal Flow Control and Measurement Laborat...
Direct cooled power electronics substrate
The disclosure describes directly cooling a three-dimensional, direct metallization (DM) layer in a power electronics device. To enable sufficient cooling, coolant flow channels are formed within the ceramic substrate. The direct metallization layer (typically copper) may be bonded to the ceramic substrate, and semiconductor chips (such as IGBT and diodes) may be soldered or sintered onto the direct metallization layer to form a power electronics module. Multiple modules may be attached to cooling headers that provide in-flow and out-flow of coolant through the channels in the ceramic substrate. The modules and cooling header assembly are preferably sized to fit inside the core of a toroidal shaped capacitor.
Wiles, Randy H. (Powell, TN), Wereszczak, Andrew A. (Oak Ridge, TN); Ayers, Curtis W. (Kingston, TN); Lowe, Kirk T. (Knoxville, TN)
Taiwan Power TCSC Evaluation Study
This report evaluates the use of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) and conventional series compensation to more evenly distribute power flows on the Taiwan Power Company's (TPC) 345-kV Center-North interface and improve system dampings. This study concludes that the proposed compensation scheme would significantly improve the interface's performance capability.
Self-regulating flow control device
A variable, self-regulating valve having a hydraulic loss coefficient proportional to a positive exponential power of the flow rate. The device includes two objects in a flow channel and structure which assures that the distance between the two objects is an increasing function of the flow rate. The range of spacing between the objects is such that the hydraulic resistance of the valve is an increasing function of the distance between the two objects so that the desired hydraulic loss coefficient as a function of flow rate is obtained without variation in the flow area.
Humphreys, Duane A. (Pittsburgh, PA)
BS>This invention is a fast gating system for eiectronic flipflop circuits. Diodes connect the output of one circuit to the input of another, and the voltage supply for the receiving flip-flop has two alternate levels. When the supply is at its upper level, no current can flow through the diodes, but when the supply is at its lower level, current can flow to set the receiving flip- flop to the same state as that of the circuit to which it is connected. (AEC)
Poppelbaum, W.J.
Superconducting flux flow digital circuits
A NOR/inverter logic gate circuit and a flip flop circuit implemented with superconducting flux flow transistors (SFFTs) are disclosed. Both circuits comprise two SFFTs with feedback lines. They have extremely low power dissipation, very high switching speeds, and the ability to interface between Josephson junction superconductor circuits and conventional microelectronics. 8 figs.
Hietala, V.M.; Martens, J.S.; Zipperian, T.E.
A NOR/inverter logic gate circuit and a flip flop circuit implemented with superconducting flux flow transistors (SFFTs). Both circuits comprise two SFFTs with feedback lines. They have extremely low power dissipation, very high switching speeds, and the ability to interface between Josephson junction superconductor circuits and conventional microelectronics.
Hietala, Vincent M. (Placitas, NM); Martens, Jon S. (Sunnyvale, CA); Zipperian, Thomas E. (Albuquerque, NM)
Flow cytometer
A Faraday cage is described which encloses the flow chamber of a cytometer. Ground planes associated with each field deflection plate inhibit electric fields from varying the charge on designated events/droplets and further concentrates. They also increase forces applied to a passing charged event for accurate focus while concomitantly inhibiting a potential shock hazard. 4 figs.
Van den Engh, G.
A Faraday cage enclosing the flow chamber of a cytometer and ground planes associated with each field deflection plate in concert therewith inhibit electric fields from varying the charge on designated events/droplets and further concentrates and increases forces applied to a charged event passing therethrough for accurate focus thereof while concomitantly inhibiting a potential shock hazard.
van den Engh, Ger (Seattle, WA)
Fluid Temperature and Power Estimation of Geothermal Power Plants by a Simplified Numerical Model
This paper presents an estimation of power generated in a given geothermal heat pipe system. Such power generation is basically controlled by the ultimate temperature of fluid flowing through the u-shape pipes and could also be affected by power consumption ... Keywords: energy, geothermal power plant, numerical model, heat conduction, optimum design
Ge Ou; Itai Einav
Study on reactive power optimization problem taking the line current as state variable
The math model of optimization problem is established by describing the electric power network equations as the hybrid form with node voltage and line current based on ? equivalence circuit of power equipment, there the objective function is performed ... Keywords: line current, node voltage, optimal power flow, power flow, reactive power optimization
Zhang Jinsong; Wang Chengmin; Zhang Gong; Hou Zhijian
Lattice splitting under intermittent flows
We study the splitting of regular square lattices subject to stochastic intermittent flows. By extensive Monte Carlo simulations we reveal how the time span until the occurence of a splitting depends on various flow patterns imposed on the lattices. Increasing the flow fluctuation frequencies shortens this time span which reaches a minimum before rising again due to inertia effects incorporated in the model. The size of the largest connected component after the splitting is rather independent of the flow fluctuations but sligthly decreases with the link capacities. Our results are relevant for assessing the robustness of real-life systems, such as electric power grids with a large share of renewable energy sources including wind turbines and photovoltaic systems.
Schl�pfer, Markus
Differential evolution approach for optimal reactive power dispatch
Differential evolution based optimal reactive power dispatch for real power loss minimization in power system is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology determines control variable settings such as generator terminal voltages, tap positions ... Keywords: Differential evolution, Loss minimization, Optimal power flow, Penalty function, Reactive power dispatch
M. Varadarajan; K. S. Swarup
Electric Power | Department of Energy
Power Power Electric Power From incandescent bulbs to fluorescents to LEDs, learn more about the long history of the light bulb. From incandescent bulbs to fluorescents to LEDs, learn more about the long history of the light bulb. Electricity -- the flow of electrical power -- is a secondary energy source, generated by the conversion of primary sources of energy, like fossil, nuclear, wind or solar. Keeping the power flowing to American homes and businesses is a critical necessity for everyday life and economic vitality. The Energy Department works to keep the grid secure from cyber and physical attacks; partners with states and other stakeholders to plan more resilient infrastructure that can better withstand extreme weather events; and supports efforts to
Reactive Power Compensator.
A system and method for determining and providing reactive power compensation for an inductive load. A reactive power compensator (50,50') monitors the voltage and current flowing through each of three distribution lines (52a, 52b, 52c), which are supplying three-phase power to one or more inductive loads. Using signals indicative of the current on each of these lines when the voltage waveform on the line crosses zero, the reactive power compensator determines a reactive power compensator capacitance that must be connected to the lines to maintain a desired VAR level, power factor, or line voltage. Alternatively, an operator can manually select a specific capacitance for connection to each line, or the capacitance can be selected based on a time schedule. The reactive power compensator produces control signals, which are coupled through optical fibers (102/106) to a switch driver (110, 110') to select specific compensation capacitors (112) for connections to each line. The switch driver develops triggering signals that are supplied to a plurality of series-connected solid state switches (350), which control charge current in one direction in respect to ground for each compensation capacitor. During each cycle, current flows from ground to charge the capacitors as the voltage on the line begins to go negative from its positive peak value. The triggering signals are applied to gate the solid state switches into a conducting state when the potential on the lines and on the capacitors reaches a negative peak value, thereby minimizing both the potential difference and across the charge current through the switches when they begin to conduct. Any harmonic distortion on the potential and current carried by the lines is filtered out from the current and potential signals used by the reactive power compensator so that it does not affect the determination of the required reactive compensation. 26 figs.
El-Sharkawi, M.A.; Venkata, S.S.; Chen, M.; Andexler, G.; Huang, T.
Reactive power compensator
A system and method for determining and providing reactive power compensation for an inductive load. A reactive power compensator (50,50') monitors the voltage and current flowing through each of three distribution lines (52a, 52b, 52c), which are supplying three-phase power to one or more inductive loads. Using signals indicative of the current on each of these lines when the voltage waveform on the line crosses zero, the reactive power compensator determines a reactive power compensator capacitance that must be connected to the lines to maintain a desired VAR level, power factor, or line voltage. Alternatively, an operator can manually select a specific capacitance for connection to each line, or the capacitance can be selected based on a time schedule. The reactive power compensator produces control signals, which are coupled through optical fibers (102/106) to a switch driver (110, 110') to select specific compensation capacitors (112) for connections to each line. The switch driver develops triggering signals that are supplied to a plurality of series-connected solid state switches (350), which control charge current in one direction in respect to ground for each compensation capacitor. During each cycle, current flows from ground to charge the capacitors as the voltage on the line begins to go negative from its positive peak value. The triggering signals are applied to gate the solid state switches into a conducting state when the potential on the lines and on the capacitors reaches a negative peak value, thereby minimizing both the potential difference and across the charge current through the switches when they begin to conduct. Any harmonic distortion on the potential and current carried by the lines is filtered out from the current and potential signals used by the reactive power compensator so that it does not affect the determination of the required reactive compensation.
El-Sharkawi, Mohamed A. (Renton, WA); Venkata, Subrahmanyam S. (Woodinville, WA); Chen, Mingliang (Kirkland, WA); Andexler, George (Everett, WA); Huang, Tony (Seattle, WA)
Power electronics cooling apparatus
A semiconductor cooling arrangement wherein a semiconductor is affixed to a thermally and electrically conducting carrier such as by brazing. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the semiconductor and carrier are closely matched to one another so that during operation they will not be overstressed mechanically due to thermal cycling. Electrical connection is made to the semiconductor and carrier, and a porous metal heat exchanger is thermally connected to the carrier. The heat exchanger is positioned within an electrically insulating cooling assembly having cooling oil flowing therethrough. The arrangement is particularly well adapted for the cooling of high power switching elements in a power bridge.
Sanger, Philip Albert (Monroeville, PA); Lindberg, Frank A. (Baltimore, MD); Garcen, Walter (Glen Burnie, MD)
Definition: Power density | Open Energy Information
density density Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Power density The rate of energy flow (power) per unit volume, area or mass. Common metrics include: horsepower per cubic inch, watts per square meter and watts per kilogram.[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Power density (or volume power density or volume specific power) is the amount of power (time rate of energy transfer) per unit volume. In energy transformers like batteries, fuel cells, motors, etc. but also power supply units or similar, power density refers to a volume. It is then also called volume power density which is expressed as W/m. Volume power density is sometimes an important consideration where space is constrained. In reciprocated internal combustion engines, power density- power per swept
This patent relates to a nuclear reactor power plant incorporating an air-cooled, beryllium oxide-moderated, pebble bed reactor. According to the invention means are provided for circulating a flow of air through tubes in the reactor to a turbine and for directing a sidestream of the circu1ating air through the pebble bed to remove fission products therefrom as well as assist in cooling the reactor. (AEC)
Metcalf, H.E.
Network flow model for multi-energy systems
This paper describes a novel approach to model networks with multiple energy carrier. The proposed nodal matrix establishes a link between an optimization of enclosed areas and their interconnections via networks. In the envisioned network flow model ... Keywords: energy conversion, energy hubs, grids, line losses, network flow, optimal power flow
Matthias Schulze; Goran Ga�parovi?
A Tariff for Reactive Power
Two kinds of power are required to operate an electric power system: real power, measured in watts, and reactive power, measured in volt-amperes reactive or VARs. Reactive power supply is one of a class of power system reliability services collectively known as ancillary services, and is essential for the reliable operation of the bulk power system. Reactive power flows when current leads or lags behind voltage. Typically, the current in a distribution system lags behind voltage because of inductive loads such as motors. Reactive power flow wastes energy and capacity and causes voltage droop. To correct lagging power flow, leading reactive power (current leading voltage) is supplied to bring the current into phase with voltage. When the current is in phase with voltage, there is a reduction in system losses, an increase in system capacity, and a rise in voltage. Reactive power can be supplied from either static or dynamic VAR sources. Static sources are typically transmission and distribution equipment, such as capacitors at substations, and their cost has historically been included in the revenue requirement of the transmission operator (TO), and recovered through cost-of-service rates. By contrast, dynamic sources are typically generators capable of producing variable levels of reactive power by automatically controlling the generator to regulate voltage. Transmission system devices such as synchronous condensers can also provide dynamic reactive power. A class of solid state devices (called flexible AC transmission system devices or FACTs) can provide dynamic reactive power. One specific device has the unfortunate name of static VAR compensator (SVC), where 'static' refers to the solid state nature of the device (it does not include rotating equipment) and not to the production of static reactive power. Dynamic sources at the distribution level, while more costly would be very useful in helping to regulate local voltage. Local voltage regulation would reduce system losses, increase circuit capacity, increase reliability, and improve efficiency. Reactive power is theoretically available from any inverter-based equipment such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, fuel cells, microturbines, and adjustable-speed drives. However, the installation is usually only economical if reactive power supply is considered during the design and construction phase. In this report, we find that if the inverters of PV systems or the generators of combined heat and power (CHP) systems were designed with capability to supply dynamic reactive power, they could do this quite economically. In fact, on an annualized basis, these inverters and generators may be able to supply dynamic reactive power for about $5 or $6 per kVAR. The savings from the local supply of dynamic reactive power would be in reduced losses, increased capacity, and decreased transmission congestion. The net savings are estimated to be about $7 per kVAR on an annualized basis for a hypothetical circuit. Thus the distribution company could economically purchase a dynamic reactive power service from customers for perhaps $6/kVAR. This practice would provide for better voltage regulation in the distribution system and would provide an alternate revenue source to help amortize the cost of PV and CHP installations. As distribution and transmission systems are operated under rising levels of stress, the value of local dynamic reactive supply is expected to grow. Also, large power inverters, in the range of 500 kW to 1 MW, are expected to decrease in cost as they become mass produced. This report provides one data point which shows that the local supply of dynamic reactive power is marginally profitable at present for a hypothetical circuit. We expect that the trends of growing power flow on the existing system and mass production of inverters for distributed energy devices will make the dynamic supply of reactive power from customers an integral component of economical and reliable system operation in the future.
Kueck, John D [ORNL; Kirby, Brendan J [ORNL; Li, Fangxing [ORNL; Tufon, Christopher [Pacific Gas and Electric Company; Isemonger, Alan [California Independent System Operator
Wind and solar powered turbine
A power generating station having a generator driven by solar heat assisted ambient wind is disclosed. A first plurality of radially extending air passages direct ambient wind to a radial flow wind turbine disposed in a centrally located opening in a substantially disc-shaped structure. A solar radiation collecting surface having black bodies is disposed above the first plurality of air passages and in communication with a second plurality of radial air passages. A cover plate enclosing the second plurality of radial air passages is transparent so as to permit solar radiation to effectively reach the black bodies. The second plurality of air passages direct ambient wind and thermal updrafts generated by the black bodies to an axial flow turbine which also derives additional motive power from the air mass exhausted by the radial flow turbine. The rotating shaft of the turbines drive the generator. The solar and wind driven power generating system operates in electrical cogeneration mode with a fuel powered prime mover. The system is particularly adapted to satisfy the power requirements of a relatively small community located in a geographic area having favorable climatic conditions for wind and solar powered power generation.
Wells, I.D.; Holmes, M.; Kohn, J.L.
Microsoft PowerPoint - MVD Hydrokinetics, SW Regional Hydropower...
* Free Flow Power Corporation (generators mounted on poles placed in the river bottom) * Hydro Green Energy (barge mounted generators) * MarMC Enterprises (generators submerged in...
Power Electronics
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Power electronics (PE) play a critical role in transforming the current electric grid into the next-generation grid.� PE enable utilities to deliver power to their customers effectively while...
Wind Power
Power As the accompanying map of New Mexico shows, the best wind power generation potential near WIPP is along the Delaware Mountain ridge line of the southern Guadalupe Mountains,...
Advanced Power Electronics Controllers for Substations
Substations located at various points in the power delivery system serve several purposes. In a broad sense, power substations are installations capable of interrupting or establishing electric circuits and changing the voltage level, frequency, or other characteristic of the electric energy flow. Solid-state power electronic switching devices are continuing to evolve and multi-megawatt solid-state power control systems are becoming increasingly applied in industrial electrical installations. Both have a...
10.2.2013bo Akademi Univ -Thermal and Flow Engineering Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku 1/32 Irreversible thermodynamics,
Work from a saline power plant /1 #12;10.2.2013 �?bo Akademi Univ - Thermal and Flow Engineering a saline power plant /2 10.2.2013 �?bo Akademi Univ - Thermal and Flow Engineering Piispankatu 8, 20500 a saline power plant /3 #12;10.2.2013 �?bo Akademi Univ - Thermal and Flow Engineering Piispankatu 8, 20500
Zevenhoven, Ron
Arrangement for hydroelectric power plants
Hydroelectric power plant contains a flow tube for the water, an inlet tube leading to the flow tube and a discharge tube leading from the flow tube. In the flow tube a turbine is arranged to be driven by the flowing water and which via a drive shaft drives an electric generator. Accentuated sub-divisioning as between mechanical unit and portions of an installation nature is provided. The turbine and generator are located in the direct vicinity of each other and together with the drive shaft form a unit which in its entirety is situate in the flow tube and arranged to be traversed by flowing water. The unit is so arranged that the turbine can be in contact with the water flow while the generator has a watertight enclosure into which the drive shaft extends through a watertight bushing. Furthermore an electric cable for transmitting the electricity produced is connected. The installation components, the said tubes, are made from prefabricated concrete components. The flow tube is essentially vertical and exhibits a support for the unit and, at its upper end, an aperture through which the unit can be lowered.
Osterberg, T.V.
A contract network extends the concept of a contract path to address the problem of loop flow and congestion in electric power transmission systems. A contract network option provides a well defined, internally consistent framework for assigning long-term capacity rights to a complicated electric transmission network. The contract network respects the special conditions induced by Kirchoff's Laws; accommodates thermal, voltage and contingency constraints on transmission capacity; and can be adopted without disturbing existing methods for achieving an economic power dispatch subject to these constraints. By design, a contract network would maintain short-run efficiency through optimal spot price determination of transmission prices. Through payment of congestion rentals, the contract network makes a long-term capacityright holder indifferent between delivery of the power or receipt of payments in a settlement system. And the contract network framework can support allocation of transmission capacity rights through a competitive bidding process. CONTRACT NETWORKS
William W. Hogan; William W. Hogan
Southwestern Power Administration
2012 Conference 2012 Conference 2011 Conference 2010 Conference 2009 Conference 2008 Conference 2007 Conference 2006 Conference Hydropower Conference The Southwestern Regional Hydropower Council and Conference is held annually among Southwestern, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), and the Southwestern Power Resources Association to assess non-routine work to be performed at the Corps hydropower projects from which Southwestern markets power. To date, over $246 million has been approved for funding under an innovative agreement among Southwestern, the Corps, and City Water & Light Plant of the City of Jonesboro, Arkansas, to keep these hydropower projects operating and to keep the power flowing to our wholesale customers and, ultimately, to the Nation. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com
Power Supplies
Figure: ...Fig. 5 Typical medium-frequency induction power supply incorporating (a) a parallel inverter and (b) a series inverter...
Power supply
A modular, low weight impedance dropping power supply with battery backup is disclosed that can be connected to a high voltage AC source and provide electrical power at a lower voltage. The design can be scaled over a wide range of input voltages and over a wide range of output voltages and delivered power.
Yakymyshyn, Christopher Paul (Seminole, FL); Hamilton, Pamela Jane (Seminole, FL); Brubaker, Michael Allen (Loveland, CO)
Radiation beam calorimetric power measurement system
A radiation beam calorimetric power measurement system for measuring the average power of a beam such as a laser beam, including a calorimeter configured to operate over a wide range of coolant flow rates and being cooled by continuously flowing coolant for absorbing light from a laser beam to convert the laser beam energy into heat. The system further includes a flow meter for measuring the coolant flow in the calorimeter and a pair of thermistors for measuring the temperature difference between the coolant inputs and outputs to the calorimeter. The system also includes a microprocessor for processing the measured coolant flow rate and the measured temperature difference to determine the average power of the laser beam.
Baker, John (Livermore, CA); Collins, Leland F. (Pleasanton, CA); Kuklo, Thomas C. (Ripon, CA); Micali, James V. (Dublin, CA)
Development of Technologies on Innovative-Simplified Nuclear Power Plant Using High-Efficiency Steam Injectors (12) Evaluations of Spatial Distributions of Flow and Heat Transfer in Steam Injector
Next-generation nuclear reactor systems have been under development aiming at simplified system and improvement of safety and credibility. One of the innovative technologies is the supersonic steam injector, which has been investigated as one of the most important component of the next-generation nuclear reactor. The steam injector has functions of a passive pump without large motor or turbo-machinery and a high efficiency heat exchanger. The performances of the supersonic steam injector as a pump and a heat exchanger are dependent on direct contact condensation phenomena between a supersonic steam and a sub-cooled water jet. In previous studies of the steam injector, there are studies about the operating characteristics of steam injector and about the direct contact condensation between static water pool and steam in atmosphere. However, there is a little study about the turbulent heat transfer and flow behavior under the great shear stress. In order to examine the heat transfer and flow behavior in supersonic steam injector, it is necessary to measure the spatial temperature distribution and velocity in detail. The present study, visible transparent supersonic steam injector is used to obtain the axial pressure distributions in the supersonic steam injector, as well as high speed visual observation of water jet and steam interface. The experiments are conducted with and without non-condensable gas. The experimental results of the interfacial flow behavior between steam and water jet are obtained. It is experimentally clarified that an entrainment exists on the water jet surface. It is also clarified that discharge pressure is depended on the steam supply pressure, the inlet water flow rate, the throat diameter and non-condensable flow rate. Finally a heat flux is estimated about 19 MW/m{sup 2} without non-condensable gas condition in steam. (authors)
Yutaka Abe; Yujiro Kawamoto [University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan); Chikako Iwaki [Toshiba Corporation (Japan); Tadashi Narabayashi [Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo (Japan); Michitsugu Mori; Shuichi Ohmori [Tokyo Electric Power Company (Japan)
Thaw flow control for liquid heat transport systems
In a liquid metal heat transport system including a source of thaw heat for use in a space reactor power system, the thaw flow throttle or control comprises a fluid passage having forward and reverse flow sections and a partition having a plurality of bleed holes therein to enable fluid flow between the forward and reverse sections. The flow throttle is positioned in the system relatively far from the source of thaw heat.
Kirpich, Aaron S. (Broomall, PA)
Wind Power | Open Energy Information
Wind Power Wind Power Jump to: navigation, search Wind Power WIndfarm.Sunset.jpg Wind power is a form of solar energy.[1] Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, variations in the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Mountains, bodies of water, and vegetation all influence wind flow patterns[2], [3]. Wind energy (or wind power) describes the process by which wind is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the energy in wind to electricity by rotating propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor turns the drive shaft, which turns an electric generator.[2] Three key factors affect the amount of energy a turbine can harness from the wind: wind speed, air density, and swept area.[4] Mechanical power can also be utilized directly for specific tasks such as
Verdant Power | Open Energy Information
Verdant Power Verdant Power Jump to: navigation, search Name Verdant Power Place New York, New York Zip 10044 Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Product A systems integrator and a developer of free-flow turbine systems that generates utility and village scale electric power from natural underwater currents. References Verdant Power[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This company is listed in the Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology Database. This company is involved in the following MHK Projects: Cornwall Ontario River Energy CORE Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy RITE This company is involved in the following MHK Technologies: Kinetic Hydropower System KHPS This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Verdant Power is a company located in New York, New York .
A Simple and Unified Method to Model HVDC Links and FACTS Devices in DC Load Flow
The DC load flow is a rapid and approximate solution method for the determination of lines active power flows in power systems. In this paper, the HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) links and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) devices have been ... Keywords: Flexible AC Transmission Systems, High Voltage Direct Current, linearized load flow
Omid Alizadeh Mousavi; Mohammad Javad Sanjari; G.B. Gharehpetian; R.A. Naghizadeh
Energy 101: Hydroelectric Power | Department of Energy
Energy 101: Hydroelectric Power Energy 101: Hydroelectric Power Energy 101: Hydroelectric Power August 13, 2013 - 2:27pm Addthis Learn how hydroelectric power, or hydropower, captures the kinetic energy of flowing water and turns it into electricity for our homes and businesses. Humans have been using water to generate power for thousands of years. Hydroelectric power, or hydropower, captures the kinetic energy of flowing water and turns it into electricity, which is then fed into the electrical grid to be used in homes and businesses. This edition of Energy 101 shows how the Energy Department is supporting the development of new hydropower technologies to produce clean, renewable, and reliable power here in the United States. For more information on hydropower from the Office of Energy Efficiency and
Putting Economic Power In Distributed Power t
Putting Economic Power in Distributed Power. A distributed electricity generation system, often called distributed power, usually consists of ...
High power gas transport laser
Continuous wave output power from a gas transport laser is substantially increased by disposing a plurality of parallel cylindrically tubular cathodes in the main stream transversely of the direction of gas flow and spaced above a coextensive segmented anode in the opposite wall of the channel. Ballast resistors are connected between the cathodes, respectively, and the power supply to optimize the uniform arcless distribution of current passing between each cathode and the anode. Continuous output power greater than 3 kW is achieved with this electrode configuration.
Fahlen, T.S.; Kirk, R.F.
Nuclear Feedwater Flow Measurement Applications Guide
This report is a summary of the technologies available to measure the feedwater mass flow rate in nuclear power plants. Differential pressure meters, three types of ultrasonic flow meters (UFMs) (external transit time, chordal transit time, and cross-correlation), and tracer tests are discussed. For each technology, the report describes operating principles, installation, maintenance requirements, measurement errors, uncertainties, and the results of an industry survey.
Plasma flow switch experiment on Procyon
This report presents the results obtained from a series of plasma flow switch experiments done on the Procyon explosive pulse power generator. These experiments involved switching into a fixed inductance dummy load and also into a dynamic implosion load. The results indicated that the switch did fairly well at switching current into the load, but the results for the implosion are more ambiguous. The results are compared to calculations and the implications for future plasma flow switch work are discussed.
Benage, J.F. Jr.; Bowers, R.; Peterson, D. [and others
Power Marketing
Certificate Solicitations Benefit Review Energy Services Rates and Repayment WindHydro Integration Feasibility Study Send correspondence to: Power Marketing Manager Western...
Multiphase Flow Modeling Research
Science Chris Guenther, Director Computational Science Division RUA Spring Meeting, Morgantown, WV March 2013 2 NETL's Multiphase Flow Science Team * The Multiphase Flow Science...
... A dynamic weighing system is used to measure ... using liquid nitrogen at flow rates of 1 ... For volumetric flow rate measurement, the uncertainty in fluid ...
Multiphase flow calculation software
Multiphase flow calculation software and computer-readable media carrying computer executable instructions for calculating liquid and gas phase mass flow rates of high void fraction multiphase flows. The multiphase flow calculation software employs various given, or experimentally determined, parameters in conjunction with a plurality of pressure differentials of a multiphase flow, preferably supplied by a differential pressure flowmeter or the like, to determine liquid and gas phase mass flow rates of the high void fraction multiphase flows. Embodiments of the multiphase flow calculation software are suitable for use in a variety of applications, including real-time management and control of an object system.
Fincke, James R. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Achieving Near Zero SSN Power Delivery Networks by Eliminating Power Planes and Using Constant Current Power Transmission Lines
method to remove SSN and to increase the per-pin data rate. However, to enable power transmissions lines of all, data transition causes the supply current to switch: the high-state of data draws current from the power supply network, but the low-state of data interrupts the current flow. Due to the terminating
Swaminathan, Madhavan
Nuclear-Coupled Flow Instabilities and Their Effects on Dryout
Nuclear-coupled flow/power oscillations in boiling water reactors (BWRs) are investigated experimentally and analytically. A detailed literature survey is performed to identify and classify instabilities in two-phase flow systems. The classification and the identification of the leading physical mechanisms of the two-phase flow instabilities are important to propose appropriate analytical models and scaling criteria for simulation. For the purpose of scaling and the analysis of the nonlinear aspects of the coupled flow/power oscillations, an extensive analytical modeling strategy is developed and used to derive both frequency and time domain analysis tools.
M. Ishii; X. Sunn; S. Kuran
Ionization based multi-directional flow sensor
A method, system, and apparatus for conducting real-time monitoring of flow (airflow for example) in a system (a hybrid power generation system for example) is disclosed. The method, system and apparatus measure at least flow direction and velocity with minimal pressure drop and fast response. The apparatus comprises an ion source and a multi-directional collection device proximate the ion source. The ion source is configured to generate charged species (electrons and ions for example). The multi-directional collection source is configured to determine the direction and velocity of the flow in real-time.
Chorpening, Benjamin T. (Morgantown, WV); Casleton, Kent H. (Morgantown, WV)
Power system
A power system includes a prime mover, a transmission, and a fluid coupler having a selectively engageable lockup clutch. The fluid coupler may be drivingly connected between the prime mover and the transmission. Additionally, the power system may include a motor/generator drivingly connected to at least one of the prime mover and the transmission. The power-system may also include power-system controls configured to execute a control method. The control method may include selecting one of a plurality of modes of operation of the power system. Additionally, the control method may include controlling the operating state of the lockup clutch dependent upon the mode of operation selected. The control method may also include controlling the operating state of the motor/generator dependent upon the mode of operation selected.
Hickam, Christopher Dale (Glasford, IL)
Solar Power
Solar Power Solar Power Project Opportunities Abound in the Region The WIPP site is receives abundant solar energy with 6-7 kWh/sq meter power production potential As the accompanying map of New Mexico shows, the WIPP site enjoys abundant year-round sunshine. With an average solar power production potential of 6-7 kWh/sq meter per day, one exciting project being studied for location at WIPP is a 30-50 MW Solar Power Tower: The American Solar Energy Society (ASES) is is a national trade association promoting solar energy as a clean source of electricity, and provides a comprehensive resource for additional information. DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy is also a comprehensive resource for more information on renewable energy.
Thermal energy storage (TES) is an integral part of a concentrated solar power (CSP) system. It enables plant operators to generate electricity beyond on sun hours and supply power to the grid to meet peak demand. Current CSP sensible heat storage systems employ molten salts as both the heat transfer fluid and the heat storage media. These systems have an upper operating temperature limit of around 400 C. Future TES systems are expected to operate at temperatures between 600 C to 1000 C for higher thermal efficiencies which should result in lower electricity cost. To meet future operating temperature and electricity cost requirements, a TES concept utilizing thermochemical cycles (TCs) based on multivalent solid oxides was proposed. The system employs a pair of reduction and oxidation (REDOX) reactions to store and release heat. In the storage step, hot air from the solar receiver is used to reduce the oxidation state of an oxide cation, e.g. Fe3+ to Fe2+. Heat energy is thus stored as chemical bonds and the oxide is charged. To discharge the stored energy, the reduced oxide is re-oxidized in air and heat is released. Air is used as both the heat transfer fluid and reactant and no storage of fluid is needed. This project investigated the engineering and economic feasibility of this proposed TES concept. The DOE storage cost and LCOE targets are $15/kWh and $0.09/kWh respectively. Sixteen pure oxide cycles were identified through thermodynamic calculations and literature information. Data showed the kinetics of re-oxidation of the various oxides to be a key barrier to implementing the proposed concept. A down selection was carried out based on operating temperature, materials costs and preliminary laboratory measurements. Cobalt oxide, manganese oxide and barium oxide were selected for developmental studies to improve their REDOX reaction kinetics. A novel approach utilizing mixed oxides to improve the REDOX kinetics of the selected oxides was proposed. It partially replaces some of the primary oxide cations with selected secondary cations. This causes a lattice charge imbalance and increases the anion vacancy density. Such vacancies enhance the ionic mass transport and lead to faster re-oxidation. Reoxidation fractions of Mn3O4 to Mn2O3 and CoO to Co3O4 were improved by up to 16 fold through the addition of a secondary oxide. However, no improvement was obtained in barium based mixed oxides. In addition to enhancing the short term re-oxidation kinetics, it was found that the use of mixed oxides also help to stabilize or even improve the TES properties after long term thermal cycling. Part of this improvement could be attributed to a reduced grain size in the mixed oxides. Based on the measurement results, manganese-iron, cobalt-aluminum and cobalt iron mixed oxides have been proposed for future engineering scale demonstration. Using the cobalt and manganese mixed oxides, we were able to demonstrate charge and discharge of the TES media in both a bench top fixed bed and a rotary kiln-moving bed reactor. Operations of the fixed bed configuration are straight forward but require a large mass flow rate and higher fluid temperature for charging. The rotary kiln makes direct solar irradiation possible and provides significantly better heat transfer, but designs to transport the TES oxide in and out of the reactor will need to be defined. The final reactor and system design will have to be based on the economics of the CSP plant. A materials compatibility study was also conducted and it identified Inconel 625 as a suitable high temperature engineering material to construct a reactor holding either cobalt or manganese mixed oxides. To assess the economics of such a CSP plant, a packed bed reactor model was established as a baseline. Measured cobalt-aluminum oxide reaction kinetics were applied to the model and the influences of bed properties and process parameters on the overall system design were investigated. The optimal TES system design was found to be a network of eight fixed bed reactors at 18.75 MWth each with charge and
Portable wastewater flow meter
A portable wastewater flow meter particularly adapted for temporary use at a single location in measuring the rate of liquid flow in a circular entrance conduit of a sewer manhole both under free flow and submerged, open channel conditions and under fill pipe, surcharged conditions, comprising an apparatus having a cylindrical external surface and an inner surface that constricts the flow through the apparatus in such a manner that a relationship exists between (1) the difference between the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the entrance of the apparatus and the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the constriction, and (2) the rate of liquid flow through the apparatus.
Hunter, Robert M. (320 S. Wilson Ave., Bozeman, MT 59715)
A portable wastewater flow meter particularly adapted for temporary use at a single location in measuring the rate of liquid flow in a circular entrance conduit of a sewer manhole both under free flow and submerged, open channel conditions and under full pipe, surcharged conditions, comprising an apparatus having a cylindrical external surface and an inner surface that constricts the flow through the apparatus in such a manner that a relationship exists between (1) the difference between the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the entrance of the apparatus and the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the constriction, and (2) the rate of liquid flow through the apparatus.
Soluble Lead Flow Battery: Soluble Lead Flow Battery Technology
GRIDS Project: General Atomics is developing a flow battery technology based on chemistry similar to that used in the traditional lead-acid battery found in nearly every car on the road today. Flow batteries store energy in chemicals that are held in tanks outside the battery. When the energy is needed, the chemicals are pumped through the battery. Using the same basic chemistry as a traditional battery but storing its energy outside of the cell allows for the use of very low cost materials. The goal is to develop a system that is far more durable than today�s lead-acid batteries, can be scaled to deliver megawatts of power, and which lowers the cost of energy storage below $100 per kilowatt hour.
Electric Power Exchanges with Sensitivity Matrices, An Experimental Analysis
We describe a fast incremental method for power flows computation tailored for electric power markets. Fast in the sense that it can be used for real time power flows computation, and incremental in the sense that it computes any additional increase /decrease in line congestion caused by a particular (n-lateral) contract. Incremental methods offer a powerful way of dealing with congestion contingency, improve information flows among market entities, and are easy to understand. In this document we provide basic scaling properties for electric power markets using this method, and compare it with methods using (linearized) power flow code. The author is in the process of obtaining a patent on methods, algorithms, and procedures described in this paper.
Martin Drozda
Power Projects
Power Projects Power Projects Contact SN Customers Environmental Review-NEPA Operations & Maintenance Planning & Projects Power Marketing Rates You are here: SN Home page > About SNR Power Projects Central Valley: In California's Central Valley, 18 dams create reservoirs that can store 13 million acre-feet of water. The project's 615 miles of canals irrigate an area 400 miles long and 45 miles wide--almost one third of California. Powerplants at the dams have an installed capacity of 2,099 megawatts and provide enough energy for 650,000 people. Transmission lines total about 865 circuit-miles. Washoe: This project in west-central Nevada and east-central California was designed to improve the regulation of runoff from the Truckee and Carson river systems and to provide supplemental irrigation water and drainage, as well as water for municipal, industrial and fishery use. The project's Stampede Powerplant has a maximum capacity of 4 MW.
Columbia University flow instability experimental program: Volume 3. Single tube parallel flow tests
The coolant in the Savannah River Site (SRS) production nuclear reactor assemblies is circulated as a subcooled liquid under normal operating conditions. This coolant is evenly distributed throughout multiple annular flow channels with a uniform pressure profile across each coolant flow channel. During the postulated Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA), which is initiated by a hypothetical guillotine pipe break, the coolant flow through the reactor assemblies is significantly reduced. The flow reduction and accompanying power reduction (after shutdown is initiated) occur in the first 1--2 seconds of the LOCA. This portion of the LOCA is referred to as the Flow Instability phase. A series of down flow experiments have been conducted on three different size single tubes. The objective of these experiments was to determine the effect of a parallel flow path on the occurrence of flow instability. In all cases, it has been shown that the point of flow instability (OFI) determined under controlled flow operation does not change when operating in a controlled pressure drop mode (parallel path operation).
Dougherty, T.; Maciuca, C.; McAssey, E.V. Jr.; Reddy, D.G.; Yang, B.W.
Batteries Batteries for Hybrid Electric Automobiles What is a hybrid electric vehicle? What does it do? What does the battery have to do? What are the candidate batteries? How should we choose between them? Battery (size proportional to capacity) Generator / motor Electrical energy flow (flow rate proportional to thickness) Mechanical energy flow (flow rate proportional to thickness) ISG Series hybrid Electric drive Battery (size proportional to capacity) Generator / motor Electrical energy flow (flow rate proportional to thickness) Mechanical energy flow (flow rate proportional to thickness) SLI only Parallel hybrid Battery (size proportional to capacity) Generator / motor Electrical energy flow (flow rate proportional to thickness) Mechanical energy flow (flow rate proportional to thickness)
Flow simulations using particles: bridging computer graphics and CFD
The simulation of the motion of interacting particles is a deceivingly simple, yet powerful and natural method for exploring and animating flows in physical systems as diverse as planetary dark accretion and sea waves, unsteady aerodynamics and nanofluidics.
Petros Koumoutsakos; Georges-Henri Cottet; Diego Rossinelli
Optimization neural network for solving flow problems
This paper describes a neural network for solving flow problems, which are of interest in many areas of application as in fuel, hydro, and electric power scheduling. The neural network consist of two layers: a hidden layer and an output layer. The hidden ...
R. Perfetti
Diagram 5. Electricity Flow, 2007 (Quadrillion Btu)
generation. f Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the pointDiagram 5. Electricity Flow, 2007 (Quadrillion Btu) Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2007 221 Coal 20.99 Nuclear Electric Power 8.41 Energy Consumed To Generate Electricity 42
Bensel, Terrence G.
Green Power Network: Green Power Marketing
to main content U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Green Power Network About the GPN Green Power Markets Buying Green Power Onsite Renewable...
Engineering Fundamentals - Heat Transfer & Fluid Flow, Version 6.0
The Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow module covers basic terms and concepts of heat transfer and fluid flow and discusses their applications in nuclear power plants. This course will help new engineers understand how their work might impact and/or be ...
Unsteady flow volumes
Flow volumes are extended for use in unsteady (time-dependent) flows. The resulting unsteady flow volumes are the 3 dimensional analog of streamlines. There are few examples where methods other than particle tracing have been used to visualize time varying flows. Since particle paths can become convoluted in time there are additional considerations to be made when extending any visualization technique to unsteady flows. We will present some solutions to the problems which occur in subdivision, rendering, and system design. We will apply the unsteady flow volumes to a variety of field types including moving multi-zoned curvilinear grids.
Becker, B.G.; Lane, D.A.; Max, N.L.
Water Power | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Gateway Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Water Power Jump to: navigation, search Water Power Basics High-level information about about water power: the clean, affordable electricity that will move our nation towards energy independence by harnessing tides, rivers, currents, wave, and marine energy. Click to learn about Hydropower: Hydroelectric-collage2.jpg When flowing water is captured and turned into electricity, it is called hydroelectric power or hydropower. Hydropower is the largest source of renewable electricity in the United States, allows the nation to avoid 200 million metric tons of carbon emissions each year, and is responsible for
Definition: Hydroelectric power | Open Energy Information
power power Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Hydroelectric power The use of flowing water to power a turbine to produce electrical energy.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity generation - 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, and is expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years. Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generating 32 percent of global hydropower in 2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010,
Dimensioning and operating wind-hydrogen plants in power markets
This paper presents a two-step method for dimensioning and time-sequential operation of Wind-hydrogen (H2) plants operating in power markets. Step 1 involves identification of grid constraints and marginal power losses through load flow simulations. ... Keywords: distributed generation, hydrogen, quadratic optimization, renewable energy, weak grids, wind power
Christopher J. Greiner; Magnus Korp�s; Terje Gjengedal
Precision electron flow measurements in a disk transmission line.
An analytic model for electron flow in a system driving a fixed inductive load is described and evaluated with particle in cell simulations. The simple model allows determining the impedance profile for a magnetically insulated transmission line given the minimum gap desired, and the lumped inductance inside the transition to the minimum gap. The model allows specifying the relative electron flow along the power flow direction, including cases where the fractional electron flow decreases in the power flow direction. The electrons are able to return to the cathode because they gain energy from the temporally rising magnetic field. The simulations were done with small cell size to reduce numerical heating. An experiment to compare electron flow to the simulations was done. The measured electron flow is {approx}33% of the value from the simulations. The discrepancy is assumed to be due to a reversed electric field at the cathode because of the inductive load and falling electron drift velocity in the power flow direction. The simulations constrain the cathode electric field to zero, which gives the highest possible electron flow.
Clark, Waylon T.; Pelock, Michael D.; Martin, Jeremy Paul; Jackson, Daniel Peter Jr.; Savage, Mark Edward; Stoltzfus, Brian Scott; Mendel, Clifford Will, Jr.; Pointon, Timothy David
Power Right. Power Smart. Efficient Computer Power Supplies and Monitors. |
Power Right. Power Smart. Efficient Computer Power Supplies and Power Right. Power Smart. Efficient Computer Power Supplies and Monitors. Power Right. Power Smart. Efficient Computer Power Supplies and Monitors. March 10, 2009 - 6:00am Addthis John Lippert Power supplies convert the AC power that you get from your electric company into the DC power consumed by most electronics, including your computer. We expect our power supplies to be safe, reliable, and durable. If they meet those criteria, then they're all alike, except for cost, right? Well, not exactly. You see, there's one other important feature that sets them apart: efficiency. And I don't know about you, but I believe waste is bad. For me, high efficiency is one important feature that's needed for something to be high quality. So isn't it ridiculous that most power
Structure of Offshore Flow
The horizontal and vertical structure of the mean flow and turbulent fluxes are examined using aircraft observations taken near a barrier island on the east coast of the United States during offshore flow periods. The spatial structure is ...
Dean Vickers; L. Mahrt; Jielun Sun; Tim Crawford
A Conductivity Relationship for Steady-state Unsaturated Flow Processes under Optimal Flow Conditions
Optimality principles have been used for investigating physical processes in different areas. This work attempts to apply an optimal principle (that water flow resistance is minimized on global scale) to steady-state unsaturated flow processes. Based on the calculus of variations, we show that under optimal conditions, hydraulic conductivity for steady-state unsaturated flow is proportional to a power function of the magnitude of water flux. This relationship is consistent with an intuitive expectation that for an optimal water flow system, locations where relatively large water fluxes occur should correspond to relatively small resistance (or large conductance). Similar results were also obtained for hydraulic structures in river basins and tree leaves, as reported in other studies. Consistence of this theoretical result with observed fingering-flow behavior in unsaturated soils and an existing model is also demonstrated.
Liu, H. H.
Ultrasonic flow metering system
A system for determining the density, flow velocity, and mass flow of a fluid comprising at least one sing-around circuit that determines the velocity of a signal in the fluid and that is correlatable to a database for the fluid. A system for determining flow velocity uses two of the inventive circuits with directional transmitters and receivers, one of which is set at an angle to the direction of flow that is different from the others.
Gomm, Tyler J. (Meridian, ID); Kraft, Nancy C. (Idaho Falls, ID); Mauseth, Jason A. (Pocatello, ID); Phelps, Larry D. (Pocatello, ID); Taylor, Steven C. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Single-Phase Active Boost Rectifier with Power Factor Correction for Wireless Power Transfer Applications
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is a novel research area in the charging technology that bridges utility and the automotive industries. There are various solutions that are currently being evaluated by several research teams to find the most efficient way to manage the power flow from the grid to the vehicle energy storage system. There are different control parameters that can be utilized to compensate for the change in the impedance. To understand the power flow through the system this paper presents a novel approach to the system model and the impact of different control parameters on the load power. The implementation of an active front-end rectifier on the grid side for power factor control and voltage boost capability for load power regulation is also discussed.
Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan [ORNL; Onar, Omer C [ORNL; Miller, John M [ORNL; Tang, Lixin [ORNL
Table 2 Characteristics of the four major power sources for induction heating...state 180 Hz to 50 kHz 1 kW to 2 MW 75�??95 No standby current; high efficiency; no moving parts;
Elbow mass flow meter
Elbow mass flow meter. The present invention includes a combination of an elbow pressure drop generator and a shunt-type mass flow sensor for providing an output which gives the mass flow rate of a gas that is nearly independent of the density of the gas. For air, the output is also approximately independent of humidity.
McFarland, Andrew R. (College Station, TX); Rodgers, John C. (Santa Fe, NM); Ortiz, Carlos A. (Bryan, TX); Nelson, David C. (Santa Fe, NM)
Redox Flow Batteries: a Review
1137-1164 Date Published 102011 ISSN 1572-8838 Keywords Flow battery, Flow cell, Redox, Regenerative fuel cell, Vanadium Abstract Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are enjoying a...
NREL: Advanced Power Electronics - Technology Basics
Technology Basics Technology Basics Graphic of a small hydrogen-fueled fuel cell vehicle. Check out the interactive graphic of the power electronic components of a hydrogen-fueled fuel cell vehicle. If you drive a car, use a computer, cook with a microwave oven, talk on any type of telephone, listen to a stereo, or use a cordless drill, you use power electronics. Thanks to power electronics, the electricity that runs the things we use every day is processed, filtered, and delivered with maximum efficiency and minimum size and weight. Inside a vehicle's electronic power steering system, power electronics control motors and help move the steering rack. This translates into improved steering response and lower energy consumption. In broad terms, power electronics control the flow of electric power via
Dixie Valley Six Well Flow Test | Open Energy Information
Six Well Flow Test Six Well Flow Test Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal Article: Dixie Valley Six Well Flow Test Abstract A six well flow test was conducted during 1986 at the Dixie Valley geothermal field. Flow duration lasted from 40 to 74 days with a maximum rate of 5.9 million pounds/hour. During the test, downhole pressures were monitored in eight surrounding wells. Downhole pressure and temperature surveys were run in each of the flowing wells,usually in conjunction with productivity tests. Results from the flow test and earlier interference tests indicate that six wells are capable of providing in excess of the 4.5 million pounds/hour required for a 62 mw (gross) power plant. Author William L. Desormier Published Journal Geothermal Resources Council, TRANSACTIONS, 1987
Reactive Power Measurement Using the Wavelet Transform
Abstract�This paper provides the theoretical basis for the measurement of reactive and distortion powers from the wavelet transforms. The measurement of reactive power relies on the use of broad-band phase-shift networks to create concurrent in-phase currents and quadrature voltages. The wavelet real power computation resulting from these 90 phase-shift networks yields the reactive power associated with each wavelet frequency level or subband. The distortion power at each wavelet subband is then derived from the real, reactive and apparent powers of the subband, where the apparent power is the product of the v; i element pair's subband rms voltage and current. The advantage of viewing the real and reactive powers in the wavelet domain is that the domain preserves both the frequency and time relationship of these powers. In addition, the reactive power associated with each wavelet subband is a signed quantity and thus has a direction associated with it. This permits tracking the reactive power flow in each subband through the power system. Index Terms�Digital signal processing, phase shift networks, measurement, power, RMS, subband, wavelets. I.
Weon-ki Yoon; Michael J. Devaney
Electrokinetic effects in power transformers
Electrokinetic effects such as static electrification can cause catastrophic failures in large forced-oil-cooled power transformers. Experimental and analytical studies confirm that surface charges can significantly impact dielectric integrity. The project team used a closed-loop oil circulation system and full-scale models of power transformer cooling duct structures to conduct controlled experiments. They measured charge density in the oil-resulting from flow through these structures-as a function of flow rate, temperature, ac voltage stress, moisture, and duct types. In addition, they constructed models so that the spatial distribution of electrostatically induced currents and stresses could be determined. They developed a finite-element computer program to study the complex voltage distribution in the models and in two transformer winding examples. A special test cell was used to examine the impact of surface charge on creep strength of transformer pressboard. Static electrification in power transformer duct structures is aggravated by flow rate, temperature, presence of collars, and ac energization; and it is mitigated by increasing oil moisture content. Shell-form model structures exhibit more charge generation than disk-type core-form winding ducts under corresponding conditions. Partial discharges were detected in one shell-form model but only under the worst conditions. These discharges were not energetic enough to produce visible damage. Preliminary finite-element analysis indicates that surface charge has more impact on cumulative stress in a shell-form geometry than in a core-form disk winding.
Nelson, J.K.; Lee, M.J.; Salon, S.J. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States). Dept. of Electric Power Engineering)
Lateral flow strip assay
A lateral flow strip assay apparatus comprising a housing; a lateral flow strip in the housing, the lateral flow strip having a receiving portion; a sample collection unit; and a reagent reservoir. Saliva and/or buccal cells are collected from an individual using the sample collection unit. The sample collection unit is immersed in the reagent reservoir. The tip of the lateral flow strip is immersed in the reservoir and the reagent/sample mixture wicks up into the lateral flow strip to perform the assay.
Miles, Robin R. (Danville, CA); Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA); Coleman, Matthew A. (Oakland, CA); Pearson, Francesca S. (Livermore, CA); Nasarabadi, Shanavaz L. (Livermore, CA)
Power superconducting power transmission cable
The present invention is for a compact superconducting power transmission cable operating at distribution level voltages. The superconducting cable is a conductor with a number of tapes assembled into a subconductor. These conductors are then mounted co-planarly in an elongated dielectric to produce a 3-phase cable. The arrangement increases the magnetic field parallel to the tapes thereby reducing ac losses.
Ashworth, Stephen P. (Cambridge, GB)
A simplified sizing and mass model for axial flow turbines
An axial flow turbine mass model has been developed and used to study axial flow turbines for space power systems. Hydrogen, helium-xenon, hydrogen-water vapor, air, and potassium vapor working fluids have been investigated to date. The impact of construction material, inlet temperature, rotational speed, pressure ratio, and power level on turbine mass and volume has been analyzed. This paper presents the turbine model description and results of parametric studies showing general design trends characteristic of any axial flow machine. Also, a comparison of axial flow turbine designs using helium-xenon mixtures and potassium vapor working fluids, which are used in Brayton and Rankine space power systems, respectively, is presented. 9 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
A heuristic method to minimise the chattering problem in dynamic mathematical two-phase flow models
This paper introduces the chattering problem in dynamic mathematical two-phase flow models. The real system object of study is also introduced, the DISS test facility, a parabolic-trough solar power plant using as heat transfer fluid the steam-water ... Keywords: Chattering, Heuristic methods, Modelling and simulation, Parabolic-trough solar power plant, Two-phase flow, Zeno phenomenon
J. Bonilla; L. J. Yebra; S. Dormido
Nuclear Power
The world of the twenty first century is an energy consuming society. Due to increasing population and living standards, each year the world requires more energy and new efficient systems for delivering it. Furthermore, the new systems must be inherently safe and environmentally benign. These realities of today's world are among the reasons that lead to serious interest in deploying nuclear power as a sustainable energy source. Today's nuclear reactors are safe and highly efficient energy systems that offer electricity and a multitude of co-generation energy products ranging from potable water to heat for industrial applications. The goal of the book is to show the current state-of-the-art in the covered technical areas as well as to demonstrate how general engineering principles and methods can be applied to nuclear power systems.
Tsvetkov, Pavel
An electric power supply employs a striking means to initiate ferroelectric elements which provide electrical energy output which subsequently initiates an explosive charge which initiates a second ferroelectric current generator to deliver current to the coil of a magnetic field current generator, creating a magnetic field around the coil. Continued detonation effects compression of the magnetic field and subsequent generation and delivery of a large output current to appropriate output loads.
Hart, Edward J. (Albuquerque, NM); Leeman, James E. (Albuquerque, NM); MacDougall, Hugh R. (Albuquerque, NM); Marron, John J. (Albuquerque, NM); Smith, Calvin C. (Amarillo, TX)
Power Search
You are here: Find a Car Home > Power Search You are here: Find a Car Home > Power Search Power Search Expand any feature by selecting its title bar. Choose as many or as few features as you like. Model Year From: 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 To: 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 MSRP Under $15,000 $15,000-$20,000 $20,000-$25,000 $25,000-$30,000 $30,000-$35,000 $35,000-$40,000 $40,000-$45,000 $45,000-$50,000 $50,000-$55,000 $55,000-$60,000 $60,000-$65,000 $65,000-$70,000 $70,000-$75,000 $75,000-$80,000 $80,000-$85,000 Over $85,000 - OR - Minimum: Select... $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000 $11,000
Modeling and control coordination of power systems with FACTS devices in steady-state operating mode.
??This thesis is devoted to the development of new models for a recently-implemented FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission system) device, the unified power flow controller� (more)
Nguyen, Van Liem
Ionization-Based Multi-directional Flow Sensor
Ionization-Based Multi-directional Flow Sensor Ionization-Based Multi-directional Flow Sensor Opportunity The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is seeking licensing partners interested in implementing United States Patent Number 7,523,673 entitled "Ionization Based Multi-directional Flow Sensor." Disclosed in this patent is NETL's sensor system and process for multi- directional, real-time monitoring of the flow direction and velocity of a gas stream, with minimal pressure drop, such as air flow in a hybrid power generation system. The sensor comprises an ion source accom- panied by a multidirectional ion collection device near the ion source. Possible applications include power generation and weather monitoring. Overview To optimize the performance of certain industrial processes or apparatus,
Testing Objectives Testing Objectives * Qualitatively demonstrate leaching and ultrafiltration processes, equipment design and process control strategies * Obtain data to improve process model projections for leaching and ultrafiltration - Develop scaling factors to form link between laboratory-scale and engineering-scale test results Process Flowsheets * Baseline: caustic leaching in UF feed preparation vessels - Caustic added directly to as-received feed (3-8 wt% solids) * Alternative: caustic leaching in UF feed vessel - Caustic added after initial solids concentration to 20 wt% * All other process steps conducted in the UF feed vessels. PEP Flow Diagram Scaling Considerations * 1/4.5-scale facility: linear dimensions * PJM mixing - Newtonian slurry: power/volume - Non-newtonian: plant velocity
Solar Power for Tanzania
Condensed list of products and activities: 8 educational posters and 1 informational brochure (all original illustrations and text); a business plan with micro-agreements; corporation created called Tanzanian Power, LLC; business feasibility study developed with the University of Albany; Hampshire College collaborated in project development; research conducted seeking similar projects in underdeveloped countries; Citibank proposal submitted (but rejected); cleaned and sent PV panels to Tanzania; community center built in Tanzania; research and list provided to Robinson for educational TV videos and product catalogs; networked with Chase Manhattan Bank for new solar panels; maintained flow of information among many people (stateside and Tanzania); wrote and sent press releases and other outreach information. Several families purchased panels.
Chen, Christine; Gerace, Jay; Mehner, Nicole; Mohamed, Sharif; Reiss, Kelly
Investigation of Advanced Stochastic Investigation of Advanced Stochastic Unit Commitment Solution for Optimal Management of Uncertainty C. Lindsay Anderson CERTS Review, Cornell University August 6, 2013 Overview * Objective * Proposed directions - Probabilistic constraints - Algorithms * Challenges * Conclusions What is "Advanced"? * SCUC is a multi-stage and bi-level optimization problem - Level 1: Binary unit on/off decisions - Level 2: OPF/ED submodel for security * Many variations on this structure to balance details and computational tractability * Stochastic formulations have mainly been scenario-based with dc power flow Objective * Investigation of a formulations for SCUC that will be Flexible: able to include supply and demand side resources in a realistic way, integrate with other
Application of Large Application of Large Application of Large - - Scale Scale Energy Storage Systems Energy Storage Systems in AEP in AEP Ali Nourai Distributed Energy Resources American Electric Power EESAT Conference September 2007 Funded in part by the Energy Storage Systems Program of the U.S. Department Of Energy (DOE/ESS) through Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). 2 A Possible Future of Distribution A Possible Future of Distribution Energy Storage is a Key to our Future Grid Energy Storage is key to a controlled energy flow on the grid Transmission & Distribution Distribution Substation Commercial Industrial Gensets , FC, LM Gensets , Solar, Fuel Cells (FC), Load Management (LM) Residential Transmission Substation IGCC - FC Hybrid, Biomass, Solar, Nuclear, Direct Carbon FC Bulk Generation
Questions Associated with Questions Associated with Free Flow Axial Turbines Jim Gibson Devine Tarbell & Associates, Inc. October 27, 2005 2 Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy Project * Verdant Power's RITE Project * Proceeding Through Stage II Licensing Activities * Permits Required (obtained) to Perform Studies * New York State Section 401 / Excavation and Fill * Department of State Coastal Consistency Review * New York SEQR and Federal NEPA Reviews * Army Corps Section 404 and Section 10 Permits * Four Public Notices (for temporary pilot project) * Numerous Agency and Stakeholder Meetings 3 Project Location 4 Project Location 5 6 7 "Six-Pack" Under Water 8 Comments Received From * New York State Department of Environmental Conservation * US Fish and Wildlife Service * NOAA Fisheries (NMFS) * US Coast Guard
Design, construction and evaluation of a simulated geothermal flow system
A system was designed and built to simulate the flow from a geothermal well. The simulated flow will be used to power a Lysholm engine, the performance of which will then be evaluated for different simulated geothermal flows. Two main subjects are covered: 1) the design, construction and evaluation of the behavior of the system that simulates the geothermal flow; included in that topic is a discussion of the probable behavior of the Lysholm engine when it is put into operation, and 2) the investigation of the use of dynamic modeling techniques to determine whether they can provide a suitable means for predicting the behavior of the system.
Mackanic, J.C.
Single chamber fuel cells: Flow geometry, rate and composition considerations
Four different single chamber fuel cell designs were compared using propane-air gas mixtures. Gas flow around the electrodes has a significant influence on the open circuit voltage and the power density of the cell. The strong influence of flow geometry is likely due to its effect on gas composition, particularly on the oxygen chemical potential at the two electrodes as a result of gas mixing. The chamber design which exposes the cathode first to the inlet gas was found to yield the best performance at lower flow rates, while the open tube design with the electrodes equally exposed to the inlet gas worked best at higher flow rates.
Stefan, Ionel C.; Jacobson, Craig P.; Visco, Steven J.; De Jonghe, Lutgard C.
Inductively coupled plasma torch with laminar flow cooling
An improved inductively coupled gas plasma torch. The torch includes inner and outer quartz sleeves and tubular insert snugly fitted between the sleeves. The insert includes outwardly opening longitudinal channels. Gas flowing through the channels of the insert emerges in a laminar flow along the inside surface of the outer sleeve, in the zone of plasma heating. The laminar flow cools the outer sleeve and enables the torch to operate at lower electrical power and gas consumption levels additionally, the laminar flow reduces noise levels in spectroscopic measurements of the gaseous plasma.
Rayson, Gary D. (Las Cruces, NM); Shen, Yang (Las Cruces, NM)
Isolated and soft-switched power converter
An isolated and soft-switched power converter is used for DC/DC and DC/DC/AC power conversion. The power converter includes two resonant tank circuits coupled back-to-back through an isolation transformer. Each resonant tank circuit includes a pair of resonant capacitors connected in series as a resonant leg, a pair of tank capacitors connected in series as a tank leg, and a pair of switching devices with anti-parallel clamping diodes coupled in series as resonant switches and clamping devices for the resonant leg. The power converter is well suited for DC/DC and DC/DC/AC power conversion applications in which high-voltage isolation, DC to DC voltage boost, bidirectional power flow, and a minimal number of conventional switching components are important design objectives. For example, the power converter is especially well suited to electric vehicle applications and load-side electric generation and storage systems, and other applications in which these objectives are important. The power converter may be used for many different applications, including electric vehicles, hybrid combustion/electric vehicles, fuel-cell powered vehicles with low-voltage starting, remote power sources utilizing low-voltage DC power sources, such as photovoltaics and others, electric power backup systems, and load-side electric storage and generation systems.
Peng, Fang Zheng (Knoxville, TN); Adams, Donald Joe (Knoxville, TN)
Politics on parade : immigration, ethnicity and national identity in Chicago, IL
Parades are many things. They are treasured annual traditions, community gatherings, expressions of identity and pride. Parades interrupt the daily flow of city life, rerouting traffic, crowding sidewalks and public ...
Sengupta, Annis Whitlow
U.S. Department of Energy Categorical Exclusion ...
dump truck to the 488-4D Landfill. Reroute stormwater flows of remediated coal storage area in 484-17D to Beaver Dam Creek after coal has been removed from the coal yard. B6.1 -...
A test case for implementing feedback control in a micro hydro power plant.
??Micro-hydro turbines generate power for small villages and industries in Afghanistan. They usually produce less than 100 kW of power. Currently the flow into the� (more)
Suliman, Ahmad
Assessment of Furnace Coal Flow Balancing on Combustion Efficiency and Emissions
In theory, boiler performance and emissions can be affected by fuel conveyance. After evaluating both the measurement instrumentation and the control devices in the Electric Power Research Institute�s (EPRI�s) unique flow loop laboratory, the analysis was brought into an operating power plant setting to determine the effect of coal and air flow delivery balance on boiler efficiency and emissions. These tests describe the effects of fuel and air flow ...
Turbulent flow in graphene
We demonstrate the possibility of a turbulent flow of electrons in graphene in the hydrodynamic region, by calculating the corresponding turbulent probability density function. This is used to calculate the contribution of the turbulent flow to the conductivity within a quantum Boltzmann approach. The dependence of the conductivity on the system parameters arising from the turbulent flow is very different from that due to scattering.
Kumar S. Gupta; Siddhartha Sen
Solids mass flow determination
Method and apparatus for determining the mass flow rate of solids mixed with a transport fluid to form a flowing mixture. A temperature differential is established between the solids and fluid. The temperature of the transport fluid prior to mixing, the temperature of the solids prior to mixing, and the equilibrium temperature of the mixture are monitored and correlated in a heat balance with the heat capacities of the solids and fluid to determine the solids mass flow rate.
Macko, Joseph E. (Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, PA)
Visualization of Fluid Flow
... Goujon and J. Devaney, Large Scale Simulations of Single and Multi- Component Flow in Porous Media in Proceedings of SPIE: The International ...
Droplet Laden Flow Data
... Flow Past a Heated Cylinder, Atomization and Sprays, 2006, 16(6 ... Numerical Modeling and Experimental Measurements of Water Spray Impact and ...
Black String Flow
We give an exact description of the steady flow of a black string into a planar horizon. The event horizon is out of equilibrium and provides a simple, exact instance of a `flowing black funnel' in any dimension D>=5. It is also an approximation to a smooth intersection between a black string and a black hole, in the limit in which the black hole is much larger than the black string thickness. The construction extends easily to more general flows, in particular charged flows.
Emparan, Roberto
Multiple sort flow cytometer
A flow cytometer utilizes multiple lasers for excitation and respective fluorescence of identified dyes bonded to specific cells or events to identify and verify multiple events to be sorted from a sheath flow and droplet stream. Once identified, verified and timed in the sheath flow, each event is independently tagged upon separation from the flow by an electrical charge of +60, +120, or +180 volts and passed through oppositely charged deflection plates with ground planes to yield a focused six way deflection of at least six events in a narrow plane.
Van den Engh, Ger (Seattle, WA); Esposito, Richard J. (Seattle, WA)
Lower bound estimation for low power high-level synthesis
This paper addresses the problem of estimating lower bounds on the power consumption in scheduled data flow graphs with a fixed number of allocated resources prior to binding. The estimated bound takes into account the effects of resource sharing. It ...
Lars Kruse; Eike Schmidt; Gerd Jochens; Ansgar Stammermann; Wolfgang Nebel
Examining transmission power in minimum capacity underwater acoustic networks
This paper explores the prospect of reducing the transmission power required to operate links within an underwater acoustic network by minimizing the total capacity of the network while maintaining certain data flow ...
Stanchak, Kathryn E
Designing AC power grids using integer linear programming
Recent developments have drawn focus towards the efficient calculation of flows in AC power grids, which are difficult to solve systems of nonlinear equations. The common linearization approach leads to the well known and often used DC formulation, which ...
Arie M. C. A. Koster; Stephan Lemkens
Low Power Design Low PowerLow Power
, correlations among system state transitions #12;Low Power Design USC/LPCAD Page 11 USCUSC Low PowerLow Power for the requestsIncoming rates for the requests 21,rr 12 ,rr, :, : State transition ratesState transition rates OS and hardware Abstract, hierarchical finite-state machine Each state represents power
Pedram, Massoud
Hydrogen-Bromine Flow Battery: Hydrogen Bromine Flow Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage
GRIDS Project: LBNL is designing a flow battery for grid storage that relies on a hydrogen-bromine chemistry which could be more efficient, last longer and cost less than today�s lead-acid batteries. Flow batteries are fundamentally different from traditional lead-acid batteries because the chemical reactants that provide their energy are stored in external tanks instead of inside the battery. A flow battery can provide more energy because all that is required to increase its storage capacity is to increase the size of the external tanks. The hydrogen-bromine reactants used by LBNL in its flow battery are inexpensive, long lasting, and provide power quickly. The cost of the design could be well below $100 per kilowatt hour, which would rival conventional grid-scale battery technologies.
POTC Home Courses Instructors NERC Continuing Education Virtual University Power Operations Training Center You'll find the "Power" of learning at Southwestern's Power Operations...
Power management system
A method of managing power resources for an electrical system of a vehicle may include identifying enabled power sources from among a plurality of power sources in electrical communication with the electrical system and calculating a threshold power value for the enabled power sources. A total power load placed on the electrical system by one or more power consumers may be measured. If the total power load exceeds the threshold power value, then a determination may be made as to whether one or more additional power sources is available from among the plurality of power sources. At least one of the one or more additional power sources may be enabled, if available.
Algrain, Marcelo C. (Peoria, IL); Johnson, Kris W. (Washington, IL); Akasam, Sivaprasad (Peoria, IL); Hoff, Brian D. (East Peoria, IL)
Solar powered desalination system
2008, uses concentrated solar power to split water. Figurethe main reason the potential for solar power is boundless.a clean energy source, solar power is inexhaustible, fairly
Mateo, Tiffany Alisa
1.13: California Power Generation by Source��������������31for hydro- electric power generation would be reached inother end users include the power generation industry (4%),
Schedules Skip Navigation Links Excess Energy Hydro Peaking Power Hydro Power and Energy Sold to Sam Rayburn Dam Electric Cooperative (Rayburn) Hydro Power and Energy Sold to Sam...
Combined gas turbine and steam turbine power plant
A description is given of a power plant arrangement having a gas turbine, a heat recovery steam generator, a steam turbine and means for controlling steam flow from the heat recovery steam generator to the steam turbine. Steam conditions are maintained generally constant and variations in power plant loading are carried by the steam turbine while operating the gas turbine at a generally constant fuel flow.
Baker, J.M.; Clark, G.W.; Harper, D.M.; Tomlinson, L.O.
Hybrid-Intelligent POWER �HI-POWER�
... T T T A A A SMART-T Current Situation Current Situation ... Page 10. 22 Power Grid � Plug & Play architecture � Multiple power sources � Renewables ...
Scaled Experimental Modeling of VHTR Plenum Flows
Abstract The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) is the leading candidate for the Next Generation Nuclear Power (NGNP) Project in the U.S. which has the goal of demonstrating the production of emissions free electricity and hydrogen by 2015. Various scaled heated gas and water flow facilities were investigated for modeling VHTR upper and lower plenum flows during the decay heat portion of a pressurized conduction-cooldown scenario and for modeling thermal mixing and stratification (�thermal striping�) in the lower plenum during normal operation. It was concluded, based on phenomena scaling and instrumentation and other practical considerations, that a heated water flow scale model facility is preferable to a heated gas flow facility and to unheated facilities which use fluids with ranges of density to simulate the density effect of heating. For a heated water flow lower plenum model, both the Richardson numbers and Reynolds numbers may be approximately matched for conduction-cooldown natural circulation conditions. Thermal mixing during normal operation may be simulated but at lower, but still fully turbulent, Reynolds numbers than in the prototype. Natural circulation flows in the upper plenum may also be simulated in a separate heated water flow facility that uses the same plumbing as the lower plenum model. However, Reynolds number scaling distortions will occur at matching Richardson numbers due primarily to the necessity of using a reduced number of channels connected to the plenum than in the prototype (which has approximately 11,000 core channels connected to the upper plenum) in an otherwise geometrically scaled model. Experiments conducted in either or both facilities will meet the objectives of providing benchmark data for the validation of codes proposed for NGNP designs and safety studies, as well as providing a better understanding of the complex flow phenomena in the plenums.
Neural network predictive control of UPFC for improving transient stability performance of power system
This paper presents a neural network predictive controller for the UPFC to improve the transient stability performance of the power system. A neural network model for the power system is trained using the backpropagation learning method employing the ... Keywords: Identification, Neural networks, Power system transient stability, Predictive control, Unified power flow controller (UPFC)
Sheela Tiwari; Ram Naresh; R. Jha
Estimated Water Flows in 2005: United States
Flow charts depicting water use in the United States have been constructed from publicly available data and estimates of water use patterns. Approximately 410,500 million gallons per day of water are managed throughout the United States for use in farming, power production, residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Water is obtained from four major resource classes: fresh surface-water, saline (ocean) surface-water, fresh groundwater and saline (brackish) groundwater. Water that is not consumed or evaporated during its use is returned to surface bodies of water. The flow patterns are represented in a compact 'visual atlas' of 52 state-level (all 50 states in addition to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) and one national water flow chart representing a comprehensive systems view of national water resources, use, and disposition.
Smith, C A; Belles, R D; Simon, A J
Combined Heat and Power Basics | Department of Energy
Combined Heat and Power Basics Combined Heat and Power Basics Combined Heat and Power Basics November 1, 2013 - 11:40am Addthis Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is: A process flow diagram showing efficiency benefits of CHP CHP Process Flow Diagram The concurrent production of electricity or mechanical power and useful thermal energy (heating and/or cooling) from a single source of energy. A type of distributed generation, which, unlike central station generation, is located at or near the point of consumption. A suite of technologies that can use a variety of fuels to generate electricity or power at the point of use, allowing the heat that would normally be lost in the power generation process to be recovered to provide needed heating and/or cooling. CHP technology can be deployed quickly, cost-effectively, and with few
The behavior of dielectric fluids used for the cooling and insulation of power system equipment is significantly influenced by motion enforced by the action of circulating pumps. Not only can charges generated by streaming electrification accumulate to distort the electric field in positions where dielectric integrity is prejudiced, but the dielectric strength of the fluid is also altered per se by the actions of the flow in a complex, but predictable manner. Three important electrokinetic effects in transformer oil subjected to forced circulation are experimentally investigated using laboratory model ducts. Careful breakdown measurements with sustained voltage on flowing fluids have been extended to pulse voltages with a view to establishing the nature of time dependencies. The use of Schlieren optics on the duct has also demonstrated that flow patterns are modified by the imposition of electric fields through electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effects. Present model studies invite speculation that not only streaming electrification but also forced circulation per se may prejudice dielectric structure in power system equipment and these effects need to be understood to permit informed design and safe operation. These models are discussed in this paper. 122 refs., 82 figs., 10 tabs.
Nelson, J.K.; Lee, M.J. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (USA). Dept. of Electric Power Engineering)
Power oscillator
An oscillator includes an amplifier having an input and an output, and an impedance transformation network connected between the input of the amplifier and the output of the amplifier, wherein the impedance transformation network is configured to provide suitable positive feedback from the output of the amplifier to the input of the amplifier to initiate and sustain an oscillating condition, and wherein the impedance transformation network is configured to protect the input of the amplifier from a destructive feedback signal. One example of the oscillator is a single active element device capable of providing over 70 watts of power at over 70% efficiency. Various control circuits may be employed to match the driving frequency of the oscillator to a plurality of tuning states of the lamp.
Gitsevich, Aleksandr (Montgomery Village, MD)
A fast nuclear reactor system ls described for producing power and radioactive isotopes. The reactor core is of the heterogeneous, fluid sealed type comprised of vertically arranged elongated tubular fuel elements having vertical coolant passages. The active portion is surrounded by a neutron reflector and a shield. The system includes pumps and heat exchangers for the primary and secondary coolant circuits. The core, primary coolant pump and primary heat exchanger are disposed within an irapenforate tank which is filled with the primary coolant, in this case a liquid metal such as Na or NaK, to completely submerge these elements. The tank is completely surrounded by a thick walled concrete shield. This reactor system utilizes enriched uranium or plutonium as the fissionable material, uranium or thorium as a diluent and thorium or uranium containing less than 0 7% of the U/sup 235/ isotope as a fertile material.
Zinn, W.H.
Power plant
A two stroke internal combustion engine is described that has at least one cylinder within which a piston reciprocates. The engine is joined to a gearbox which includes a ring gear. A pair of gears having diameters half that of the ring gear move within the latter. At least one of the pair of gears is connected to a piston by a pin extending between the piston and the periphery of said gear. An additional pair of gears are fixed to respective ones of the first-mentioned gear pair and are operatively joined to a pinion to which a drive shaft is secured. A turbine and filter arrangement is positioned on the side of the engine opposite the gearbox whereby exhaust gases from the engine are directed to the turbine to develop power at an output drive shaft joined to the turbine and to filter pollutants from the gases.
Finn, H.I. Jr.
24 Hour Day-Ahead Reactive Power Forecasting and Optimal Scheduling
Reactive power management affects not only the system voltage profiles but also system efficiencies. Changes in the flow of reactive power have an influence on system losses. Reactive power forecasting and optimal scheduling of power system control elements can be conducted to efficiently and reliably transfer power across the system. The tool discussed in this report optimizes the power system to produce a security-constrained case, reduce losses, increase reactive reserve, and securely maintain ...
Power Systems Engineering Research Center PSERC Background Paper
the laws of physics. Electricity moves from generators through transmission and distribution systems (the much electricity is used, there is little control over where electricity flows through the transmission the shortest route from the generator to the load. Instead, electric power flows through the transmission
The present invention includes a combination of an elbow pressure drop generator and a shunt-type mass flow sensor for providing an output which gives the mass flow rate of a gas that is nearly independent of the density of the gas. For air, the output is also approximately independent of humidity. 3 figs.
McFarland, A.R.; Rodgers, J.C.; Ortiz, C.A.; Nelson, D.C.
Capabilities for information flow
This paper presents a capability-based mechanism for permissive yet secure enforcement of information-flow policies. Language capabilities have been studied widely, and several popular implementations, such as Caja and Joe-E, are available. By making ... Keywords: capabilities, information flow control
Arnar Birgisson; Alejandro Russo; Andrei Sabelfeld
Wind power: executive summary on research on network wind power over the Pacific Northwest. Progress report, October 1979-September 1980
This research in FY80 is composed of six primary tasks. These tasks include data collection and analysis, wind flow studies around an operational wind turbine generator (WTG), kite anemometer calibration, wind flow analysis and prediction, the Klickitat County small wind energy conversion system (SWECS) program, and network wind power analysis. The data collection and analysis task consists of four sections, three of which deal with wind flow site surveys and the fourth with collecting and analyzing wind data from existing data stations.
Baker, R.W.; Hewson, E.W.
Catalytic combustor for integrated gasification combined cycle power plant
A gasification power plant 10 includes a compressor 32 producing a compressed air flow 36, an air separation unit 22 producing a nitrogen flow 44, a gasifier 14 producing a primary fuel flow 28 and a secondary fuel source 60 providing a secondary fuel flow 62 The plant also includes a catalytic combustor 12 combining the nitrogen flow and a combustor portion 38 of the compressed air flow to form a diluted air flow 39 and combining at least one of the primary fuel flow and secondary fuel flow and a mixer portion 78 of the diluted air flow to produce a combustible mixture 80. A catalytic element 64 of the combustor 12 separately receives the combustible mixture and a backside cooling portion 84 of the diluted air flow and allows the mixture and the heated flow to produce a hot combustion gas 46 provided to a turbine 48. When fueled with the secondary fuel flow, nitrogen is not combined with the combustor portion.
Bachovchin, Dennis M. (Mauldin, SC); Lippert, Thomas E. (Murrysville, PA)
Electric Power Annual
Electric Power Sector ; Period Total (all sectors) Electric Utilities Independent Power Producers Commercial Sector Industrial Sector; Annual Totals: ...
Electric Power Metrology Portal
... Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid Our country's way of life depends on the electric power distribution system. ...
Smart meter deployments continue to rise - Today in Energy - U.S ...
Smart meter data allowed the utility to reroute power to all but 200 customers in less than one ... consistent with being on time-of-use or interruptible tariffs. ...
Page not found | Department of Energy
Download CX-009221: Categorical Exclusion Determination Rerouting of Power Lines at 100-D Reactor in Support of Site Remediation CX(s) Applied: B4.13 Date: 09242012...
CX-009221: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of...
Exclusion Determination CX-009221: Categorical Exclusion Determination Rerouting of Power Lines at 100-D Reactor in Support of Site Remediation CX(s) Applied: B4.13 Date: 09...
Putting Economic Power in Distributed Power
Reports and Publications (EIA)
Electric Power Research Institute's Distributed Resources Week 1997 (October 22, 1997)AUTHOR: John Herbert
Information Center
Advanced Flow Battery Electrodes: Low-cost, High-Performance 50-Year Electrode
GRIDS Project: Primus Power is developing zinc-based, rechargeable liquid flow batteries that could produce substantially more energy at lower cost than conventional batteries. A flow battery is similar to a conventional battery, except instead of storing its energy inside the cell it stores that energy for future use in chemicals that are kept in tanks that sit outside the cell. One of the most costly components in a flow battery is the electrode, where the electrochemical reactions actually occur. Primus Power is investigating and developing mixed-metal materials for their electrodes that could ultimately reduce the lifetime cost of flow batteries because they are more durable and long-lasting than electrodes found in traditional batteries. Using these electrodes, Primus Power�s flow batteries can be grouped together into robust, containerized storage pods for use by utilities, renewable energy developers, businesses, and campuses.
Bonneville Power Administration 1991 Annual Report.
Congress enacted the Bonneville Project Act in 1937, creating the Bonneville Power Administration to market and transmit the power produced by Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Since then, Congress has directed BPA to sell at wholesale the power produced at a total of 30 Federal dams in the Pacific Northwest, and to acquire conservation and generating resources sufficient to meet the needs of BPA`s customer utilities. The dams and the electrical system are known as the Federal Columbia River Power System. Bonneville sells wholesale power to public and private utilities, rural cooperatives, large industries, and Federal agencies. BPA also sells or exchanges power with utilities in California. BPA uses revenues from the sale of power and transmission services to recover its own expenses, to repay the Federal investment in the power system, and to pay for the resources it has acquired. BPA pays for operation and maintenance expenses at the Federal dams and at non-Federal power plants. It also pays for irrigation benefits of Federal projects allocated to power to repay, and for fish and wildlife projects which offset damage to these resources by the Federal hydropower system. This document is the 1991 statement of budget, financial statement, cash flows, capitalization, expenses, and projects. An organization chart is included.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Increased Power Flow Wizard (IPFWiz) 2.2
IPF Wizard 2.2 ranks uprating methods for existing overhead lines, substation strain bus, and underground cables. IPF Wizard 2.2 presents the design engineer or system planning engineer with ranked lists of uprating methods for existing overhead lines and underground cables. The user supplies answers to basic questions regarding the original line/cable design, the present physical state of the line, and the planning goals for the line uprating. The IPF Wizard will provide recommendations regarding uprati...
DC Optimal Power Flow Formulation in AMES Leigh Tesfatsion
23 of a user-specified maximum day. AMES includes an Independent System Operator (ISO a demand bid to the ISO for the day-ahead market for day D+1. Each demand bid consists of two parts: fixed demand (i.e., a 24-hour load profile) to be sold downstream at a regulated price r to its retail
Microsoft PowerPoint - Instabilities in Particle Flows_Hrenya...
- Coefficient of normal restitution (e) - Monodisperse, frictionless spheres Kinetic energy decays over time Previous HCS work t 1 >0 t 2 >t 1 Velocity vortices Particle...
Dynamic control of grid power flow using controllable network transformers .
??The objective of the research is to develop a cost-effective, dynamic grid controller called the controllable network transformer (CNT) that can be implemented by augmenting� (more)
Das, Debrup
Heat flow of Oregon
An extensive new heat flow and geothermal gradient data set for the State of Oregon is presented on a contour map of heat flow at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and is summarized in several figures and tables. The 1:1,000,000 scale heat flow map is contoured at 20 mW/m/sup 2/ (0.5 HFU) intervals. Also presented are maps of heat flow and temperature at a depth of 1 km averaged for 1/sup 0/ x 1/sup 0/ intervals. Histograms and averages of geothermal gradient and heat flow for the State of Oregon and for the various physiographic provinces within Oregon are also included. The unweighted mean flow for Oregon is 81.3 +- 2.7 mW/m/sup 2/ (1.94 +- 0.06 HFU). The average unweighted geothermal gradient is 65.3 +- 2.5/sup 0/C/km. The average heat flow value weighted on the basis of geographic area is 68 +- 5 mW/m/sup 2/ (1.63 +- 0.12 HFU) and the average weighted geothermal gradient is 55.0 +- 5/sup 0/C/km.
Blackwell, D.D.; Hull, D.A.; Bowen, R.G.; Steele, J.L.
Experimental and numerical simulations predictions comparison of power and efficiency in hydraulic turbine
On-site power and mass flow rate measurements were conducted in a hydroelectric power plant (Mexico). Mass flow rate was obtained using Gibson's water hammer-based method. A numerical counterpart was carried out by using the commercial CFD software, ...
Laura Castro; Gustavo Urquiza; Adam Adamkowski; Marcelo Reggio
Shroud leakage flow discouragers
A turbine assembly includes a plurality of rotor blades comprising a root portion, an airfoil having a pressure sidewall and a suction sidewall, and a top portion having a cap. An outer shroud is concentrically disposed about said rotor blades, said shroud in combination with said tip portions defining a clearance gap. At least one circumferential shroud leakage discourager is disposed within the shroud. The leakage discourager(s) increase the flow resistance and thus reduce the flow of hot gas flow leakage for a given pressure differential across the clearance gap to improve overall turbine efficiency.
Bailey, Jeremy Clyde (Middle Grove, NY); Bunker, Ronald Scott (Niskayuna, NY)
Science Science Chris Guenther, Director Computational Science Division RUA Spring Meeting, Morgantown, WV March 2013 2 NETL's Multiphase Flow Science Team * The Multiphase Flow Science Team develops physics-based simulation models to conduct applied scientific research. - Development of new theory - Extensive on-site and collaborative V&V efforts and testing - Engages in technology transfer - Applies the models to industrial scale problems. 3 Why is Multiphase Flow Science Needed? * Industry is increasingly relying on multiphase technologies to produce clean and affordable energy with carbon capture. * Unfortunately, the presence of a solid phase reduces the operating capacity of a typical energy device from its original design on average by 40% [1].
Project activities were focused on the design and construction the sub-scale hybrid Direct Fuel Cell/turbine (DFC/T{reg_sign}) power plant and modification of a Capstone Simple Cycle Model 330 microturbine. The power plant design work included preparation of system flow sheet and performing computer simulations based on conservation of mass and energy. The results of the simulation analyses were utilized to prepare data sheets and specifications for balance-of-plant equipment. Process flow diagram (PFD) and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID) were also completed. The steady state simulation results were used to develop design information for modifying the control functions, and for sizing the heat exchangers required for recuperating the waste heat from the power plant. Line and valve sizes for the interconnecting pipes between the microturbine and the heat recuperators were also identified.
Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh
Design optimization of IGCC power plants
Integrated gasification-combined-cycle (IGCC) power plants have the potential for providing performance and cost improvements over conventional coal-fired steam power plants with flue-gas desulfurization. The major design options for IGCC power plants include the following: oxygen-blown versus air-blown gasification processes; entrained-flow, fluidized-bed, or fixed-bed gasifier; coal-slurry feed versus coal-dry feed; hot versus cold fuel-gas cleanup; gas turbine alternatives; and, design alternatives for the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). This paper summarizes some results from these studies. The advanced thermoelectric techniques used at Tennessee Technological University (TTU) are very powerful tools for evaluating and optimizing IGCC power plants.
Tsatsaronis, G.; Lin, L.; Pisa, J.; Tawfik, T. (Tennessee Technological Univ., Cookeville, TN (United States))
EPRI Coal Flow Loop: System Description and Commissioning
Following several demonstration projects of in situ coal flow measurement systems in full-scale utility boilers, many unknown influences on these instruments in field applications remained. Given the production nature of the power plant, it has been difficult, if not impossible, to sort out which parameters could influence the various probe technologies. It has also been recognized for some time that little is known regarding the performance of coal flow splitters, even where rifflers are employed. Final...
Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Water Flow
Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Water Flow. Water Flow Calibrations 18020C. ... NIST provides calibration services for water flow meters. ...
Unalaska geothermal exploration project. Electrical power generation analysis. Final report
The objective of this study was to determine the most cost-effective power cycle for utilizing the Makushin Volcano geothermal resource to generate electricity for the towns of Unalaska and Dutch Harbor. It is anticipated that the geothermal power plant would be intertied with a planned conventional power plant consisting of four 2.5 MW diesel-generators whose commercial operation is due to begin in 1987. Upon its completion in late 1988, the geothermal power plant would primarily fulfill base-load electrical power demand while the diesel-generators would provide peak-load electrical power and emergency power at times when the geothermal power plant would be partially or completely unavailable. This study compares the technical, environmental, and economic adequacy of five state-of-the-art geothermal power conversion processes. Options considered are single- and double-flash steam cycles, binary cycle, hybrid cycle, and total flow cycle.
Application of self-organizing systems in power systems control
The European electrical transmission network is operated increasingly close to its operational limits due to market integration and increased feed-in by renewable energies. For this reason, innovative solutions for a reliable, secure and efficient network ... Keywords: FACTS, multiagent systems, power flow control, power system control, self-organizing systems, smart grids
Sven C. M�ller; Ulf H�ger; Christian Rehtanz; Horst F. Wedde
Biennial Assessment of the Fifth Power Plan Transmission Issues
unscheduled electricity flows over transmission lines leading to increased risks to electric system-construction alternatives to transmission; · Inability to effectively monitor the wholesale electricity market, identifyBiennial Assessment of the Fifth Power Plan Transmission Issues INTRODUCTION The Fifth Power Plan
Power-Pro: Programmable Power Management Architecture
This paper presents Power-Pro architecture (Programmable Power Management Architecture), a novel processor architecture for power reduction. Power-Pro architecture has following two functionalities, (i) Supply voltage and clock frequency can be dynamically varied, (ii) Active data-path width can be dynamically adjusted to requirement of application programs. For the application programs which require less performance or less data-path width, Power-Pro architecture realize dramatic power reduction. I. Introduction With recent popularizations in portable, batterypowered devices such as digital cellular telephones and personal digital assistants, minimizing power consumption of VLSI circuits becomes more important. As the system level power reduction techniques, the choice of optimal supply voltage(V DD ) and optimal active data-path width have strong impacts. In this paper we propose novel processor architecture Power-Pro [2] which can vary VDD and active data-path width of processor ...
Tohru Ishihara; Hiroto Yasuura; Programmable Power Management
RMOTC - Testing - Flow Assurance
Flow Assurance Flow Assurance RMOTC Flow Loop Facility Layout Notice: As of July 15th 2013, the Department of Energy announced the intent to sell Naval Petroleum Reserve Number 3 (NPR3). The sale of NPR-3 will also include the sale of all equipment and materials onsite. A decision has been made by the Department of Energy to complete testing at RMOTC by July 1st, 2014. RMOTC will complete testing in the coming year with the currently scheduled testing partners. For more information on the sale of NPR-3 and sale of RMOTC equipment and materials please join our mailing list here. Over a decade ago, RMOTC began cooperatively building a full-scale facility to test new flow assurance technology, mainly in the areas of hydrates and paraffins. Today, RMOTC's test facility consists of five individual loop
Casting Flow Chart
Figure: ...Fig. 1 Simplified flow diagram of the basic operations for producing a steel casting. Similar diagrams can be applied to other ferrous and nonferrous alloys produced by sand
Islands in Zonal Flow
The impact of a meridional gradient in sea surface temperature (warm toward the equator, cold toward the pole) on the circulation around an island is investigated. The upper-ocean eastward geostrophic flow that balances such a meridional gradient ...
Michael A. Spall
Parallel flow diffusion battery
A parallel flow diffusion battery for determining the mass distribution of an aerosol has a plurality of diffusion cells mounted in parallel to an aerosol stream, each diffusion cell including a stack of mesh wire screens of different density.
Yeh, Hsu-Chi (Albuquerque, NM); Cheng, Yung-Sung (Albuquerque, NM)
RG flows and instantons
In these two lectures I discuss RG flow solutions in (1,0) six dimensional supergravity involving SU(2) Yang-Mills instantons. in the conformally flat part of the 6D metric. The solutions interpolate between two (4,0) supersymmetric AdS{sub 3} Multiplication-Sign S{sup 3} backgrounds with different values of AdS{sub 3} and S{sup 3} radii and describe RG flows in the dual 2D SCFT. The flows described are of v.e.v. type, driven by a vacuum expectation value of a (not exactly) marginal operator of dimension 2 in the UV. We give an interpretation of the supergravity solution in terms of the D1/D5 system in type I string theory on K3, whose effective field theory is expected to flow to a (4,0) SCFT in the infrared.
Gava, Edi [INFN, Trieste (Italy)
Maple Sap Flow
I know a little about this topic even though I am from Illinois which is far from the heart of maple syrup country. Sap flows from a maple tree by internal pressure caused by the...
Modons in Shear Flow
Modons in shear flow are computed as equilibrium solutions of the equivalent barotropic vorticity equation using a numerical Newton�Kantorovich iterative technique with double Fourier spectral expansion. The model is given a first guess of an ...
Sue Ellen Haupt; James C. McWilliams; Joseph J. Tribbia
Stochastically scalable flow control
Recent advances in the mathematical analysis of flow control have prompted the creation of the Scalable TCP (STCP) and Exponential RED (E-RED) algorithms. These are designed to be scalable under the popular deterministic delay ...
Thomas Voice
Yeh, H.C.; Cheng, Y.S.
228 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS parties, it is crucial to recognize the inherently subjective nature of OPF. Power flow
about the duration of an outage; in particular, one day in ten years does not mean the load between outage cost and duration. Here, outage cost is expressed in terms of dollars per kilowatt-hour (k of the outage period. Such a cost might be derived, for example, from the lost revenues of a business during
Kammen, Daniel M.
Money versus Time: Evaluation of Flow Control in Terms of Energy Consumption and Convenience
Flow control with the goal of reducing the skin friction drag on the fluid-solid interface is an active fundamental research area, motivated by its potential for significant energy savings and reduced emissions in the transport sector. Customarily, the performance of drag reduction techniques in internal flows is evaluated under two alternative flow conditions, i.e. at constant mass flow rate or constant pressure gradient. Successful control leads to reduction of drag and pumping power within the former approach, whereas the latter leads to an increase of the mass flow rate and pumping power. In practical applications, however, money and time define the flow control challenge: a compromise between the energy expenditure (money) and the corresponding convenience (flow rate) achieved with that amount of energy has to be reached so as to accomplish a goal which in general depends on the specific application. Based on this idea, we derive two dimensionless parameters which quantify the total energy consumption an...
Frohnapfel, Bettina; Quadrio, Maurizio
Advanced Flow-Battery Systems
Presentation Title, Advanced Flow-Battery Systems ... Abstract Scope, Flow- battery systems (FBS) were originally developed over 30 years ago and have since�...
Turbine power plant system
A turbine power plant system consisting of three sub-systems; a gas turbine sub-system, an exhaust turbine sub-system, and a steam turbine sub-system. The three turbine sub-systems use one external fuel source which is used to drive the turbine of the gas turbine sub-system. Hot exhaust fluid from the gas turbine sub-system is used to drive the turbines of the exhaust turbine sub-system and heat energy from the combustion chamber of the gas turbine sub-system is used to drive the turbine of the steam turbine sub-system. Each sub-system has a generator. In the gas turbine sub-system, air flows through several compressors and a combustion chamber and drives the gas turbine. In the exhaust turbine sub-system, hot exhaust fluid from the gas turbine sub-system flows into the second passageway arrangement of first and fourth heat exchangers and thus transfering the heat energy to the first passageway arrangement of the first and fourth heat exchangers which are connected to the inlets of first and second turbines, thus driving them. Each turbine has its own closed loop fluid cycle which consists of the turbine and three heat exchangers and which uses a fluid which boils at low temperatures. A cooler is connected to a corresponding compressor which forms another closed loop system and is used to cool the exhaust fluid from each of the two above mentioned turbines. In the steam turbine sub-system, hot fluid is used to drive the steam turbine and then it flows through a fluid duct, to a first compressor, the first fluid passageway arrangement of first and second heat exchangers, the second passageway of the first heat exchanger, the combustion chamber of the gas turbine where it receives heat energy, and then finally to the inlet of the steam turbine, all in one closed loop fluid cycle. A cooler is connected to the second passageway of the second heat exchanger in a closed loop fluid cycle, which is used to cool the turbine exhaust.
Papastavros, D.
Update on the Long-Term Flow Testing Program
Preliminary flow and pressure testing of the Phase II Hot Dry Rock (HDR) reservoir at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, as part of the preparations for the initial 90-day segment of the Long-Term Flow Test, has revealed several significant features concerning the hydraulic behavior of this reservoir as a function of injection and production pressure levels. Of most significance to the future operation of HDR power plants is the influence of elevated production backpressure on the effective reservoir flow impedance (i.e., the difference between injection and production pressures, divided by the production flow rate). It has been found that the effective flow impedance at high backpressure is significantly lower than the corresponding impedance at low backpressure. At an injection pressure of 3700 psi and a back-pressure of 2210 psi, the effective flow impedance for the present reservoir is 20 psi/gpm--less than 40% of the effective flow impedance for similar injection conditions, but at low backpressure (about 170 psi). Recently, a 10-day reservoir flow test was conducted at a somewhat lower backpressure of 1500 psi, and at a slightly higher injection pressure of 3750 psi. At these new conditions, there was an increase in the effective reservoir flow impedance to 23.6 psi/gpm, but also a significant increase in the production flow rate and temperature--from 74 gpm to 95 gpm, and from 154 C to 180 C. The net reservoir water loss rate averaged over the last 5 days of this latest flow test was 7.3 gpm, which corresponds to a net recovery of 93% of the injected water--a very significant result that has been obtained from our preliminary reservoir flow testing. Under both of these high backpressure flow conditions, the reservoir was not extending, as evidenced by a very low rate of water loss and the absence of microseismic activity.
Brown, Donald W.
Three dimensional flow processor
The 3D-flow processor is a general purpose programmable data stream pipelined device that allows fast data movement in six directions for digital signal processing applications such as identifying objects in a matrix in a programmable form. The 3D-flow processor can be used in one dimensional, two dimensional, and three dimensional topologies capable of sustaining an input data rate of up to 100 million data (or frames) per second in a parallel processing system.
Crosetto, D.B.
Efficient Production Optimization Using Flow Network Models
Reservoir simulation is an important tool for decision making and field development management. It enables reservoir engineers to predict reservoir production performance, update an existing model to reproduce monitoring data, assess alternative field development scenarios and design robust production optimization strategies by taking into account the existing uncertainties. A big obstacle in automating model calibration and production optimization approaches is the massive computation required to predict the response of real reservoirs under proposed changes in the model inputs. To speed up reservoir response predictions without compromising accuracy, fast surrogate models have been proposed. These models are either derived by preserving the physics of the involved processes (e.g. mass balance equations) to provide reliable long-range predictions or are developed based solely on statistical relations, in which case they can only provide short-range predictions due to the absence of the physical processes that govern the long-term behavior of the reservoir. We present an alternative solution that combines the advantages of both statistics-based and physics-based methods by deriving the flow predictions in complex two-dimensional models from one-dimensional flow network models. The existing injection/production wells in the original model form the nodes or vertices of the flow network. Each pair of wells (nodes) in the flow network is connected using a one-dimensional numerical simulation model; hence, the entire reservoir is reduced to a connected network of one-dimensional simulation models where the coupling between the individual one-dimensional models is enforced at the nodes where network edges intersect. The proposed flow network model provides a useful and fast tool for characterizing inter-well connectivity, estimating drainage volume between each pair of wells, and predicting reservoir production over an extended period of time for optimization purposes. We estimate the parameters of the flow network model using a robust training approach to ensure that the flow network model reproduces the response of the original full model under a wide range of development strategies. This step helps preserve the flow network model's predictive power during the production optimization when development strategies can change at different iterations. The robust networks training and the subsequent production optimization iterations are computationally efficient as they are performed with the faster flow network model. We demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of our proposed flow network modeling approach to rapid production optimization using two-phase waterflooding simulations in synthetic and benchmark models.
Lerlertpakdee, Pongsathorn
Electric power 2007
Subjects covered include: power industry trends - near term fuel strategies - price/quality/delivery/opportunity; generating fleet optimization and plant optimization; power plant safety and security; coal power plants - upgrades and new capacity; IGCC, advanced combustion and CO{sub 2} capture technologies; gas turbine and combined cycle power plants; nuclear power; renewable power; plant operations and maintenance; power plant components - design and operation; environmental; regulatory issues, strategies and technologies; and advanced energy strategies and technologies. The presentations are in pdf format.
Using large eddy simulations to understand flow mixing | Argonne National
large eddy simulations to understand flow mixing large eddy simulations to understand flow mixing March 4, 2013 Tweet EmailPrint In nuclear power plants, turbulent flow streams of different velocity and density mix rapidly at right angles in pipes. If those mixing flow streams are of different temperatures, thermal fluctuations result on the pipe wall. Such fluctuations can damage a pipe's structure and, ultimately, cause its failure. To better understand this phenomenon and to predict the effects, scientists have developed modeling methods known as large eddy simulations (LES). LES models only the energy-carrying large scales of motion, using a filtering mechanism to account for subgrid-scale motion. Thanks to recent advances in high-performance computing, the technique has become increasingly popular for simulating unsteady flows, allowing high fidelity
Load flow analysis: Base cases, data, diagrams, and results
This report describes how an electric utility system is modeled by using load flow techniques to establish a validated power flow case suitable for simulating and evaluating alternative system scenarios. Details of the load flow model are supported by additional technical and descriptive information intended to correlate modeled electrical system parameters with the corresponding physical equipment that makes up the system. Pictures and technical specifications of system equipment from the utility, public, or vendor are provided to support this association for many system components. The report summarizes the load flow model construction, simulation, and validation and describes the general capabilities of an information query system designed to access load flow parameters and other electrical system information.
Portante, E.C.; Kavicky, J.A.; VanKuiken, J.C.; Peerenboom, J.P.
Fact Sheet: Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) | Department of
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) Fact Sheet: Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) DOE's Energy Storage Program is funding research to develop next-generation vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) that reduce costs by improving energy and power densities, widening the operating temperature window, and simplifying and optimizing stack/system designs. These efforts build on Pacific Northwest National Laboratory research that has developed new redox electrolytes that enable increased VRB operating temperatures and energy storage capabilities. Fact Sheet: Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (October 2012) More Documents & Publications Energy Storage Systems 2012 Peer Review Presentations - Day 3, Session 2 Energy Storage Systems 2012 Peer Review Presentations - Poster Session 2
Meridional Flow Field of Axisymmetric Flows in a Rotating Annulus
Measurements of the flow field were made of the axisymmetric flow in a differentially heated rotating fluid annulus by using a long-term tracking of a tracer particle. Its meridional flow profile is composed of a flow circulating in a large ...
T. Tajima; T. Nakamura
Powered by 500 Trillion Calculations | Department of Energy
Powered by 500 Trillion Calculations Powered by 500 Trillion Calculations Powered by 500 Trillion Calculations April 15, 2011 - 5:31pm Addthis Blood flow visualization | Photo Courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory Blood flow visualization | Photo Courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory Niketa Kumar Niketa Kumar Public Affairs Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What does this mean for me? Argonne's supercomputer is using its superpowers to map the movement of red blood cells -- which will hopefully lead to better diagnoses and treatments for patients with blood flow complications. With the power of 500 trillion calculations per second, a team of scientists from the Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Brown University are mapping the movement of red blood cells -- hoping this will lead to better diagnoses and treatments for patients with
Power Tower Systems for Concentrating Solar Power
In power tower concentrating solar power systems, numerous large, flat, sun-tracking mirrors, known as heliostats, focus sunlight onto a receiver at the top of a tall tower. A heat-transfer fluid...
Power System Equipment Module Test Project
The technology of electric power generation when applying the binary process to hydrothermal resources had not yet been demonstrated in the United States. Accordingly, on November 10, 1977, the Electric Power Research Institute and the Department of Energy, acting through the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, agreed to cofund the Power System Equipment Module Test Project. The Power System Equipment Module Test Project consisted of a field test program to accomplish the objectives listed below while heating hydrocarbon fluids to above their critical points, expanding these fluids, and subsequently, condensing them below their critical points: (1) Verify the performance of state-of-the-art heat exchangers in geothermal service; (2) Verify the heat exchangers' performance heating either selected pure light hydrocarbons or selected mixtures of light hydrocarbons in the vicinity of their respective critical pressures and temperatures; (3) Establish overall heat transfer coefficients that might be used for design of commercial-size geothermal power plants using the same geothermal brine and light hydrocarbon working fluids; (4) Perform and investigate the above under representative fluid operating conditions during which the production wells would be pumped. The project was accomplished by diverting approximately 200 gpm of the flow from one of Magma Power Company's geothermal wells in the East Mesa Geothermal Field. After the heat was removed from the geothermal brine flow, the cooled flow was returned to Magma Power Company and recombined with the main brine stream for disposal by reinjection. Approximately five thermal megawatts was transferred from geothermal brine to hydrocarbon working fluids in a closed system. This heat was removed from the working fluids in a condenser and subsequently rejected to the environment by a wet cooling tower. The thermodynamic performance of both the working fluids and the system components was measured during the test program to achieve the project's objectives.
Schilling, J.R.
Resonant Power Conditioning and Compact Pulse Power ...
... (FEEDBACK) HV RECTIFIER AND FILTER NETWORK ... Los Alamos High Frequency �Polyphase Resonant Power Conditioning� ... 30 KW Loss ...
Dynamic power management with hybrid power sources
DPM (Dynamic Power Management) is an effective technique for reducing the energy consumption of embedded systems that is based on migrating to a low power state when possible. While conventional DPM minimizes the energy consumption of the embedded system, ... Keywords: DPM, embedded system, fuel cell, hybrid power
Jianli Zhuo; Chaitali Chakrabarti; Kyungsoo Lee; Naehyuck Chang
LIFE Power Plant Fusion Power Associates
LIFE Power Plant Fusion Power Associates December 14, 2011 Mike Dunne LLNL #12;NIf-1111-23714.ppt LIFE power plant 2 #12;LIFE delivery timescale NIf-1111-23714.ppt 3 #12;Timely delivery is enabled near-term, NIF based, NIC-derivative fusion performance § 3 allows small, thin Fresnel lenses enables
Dynamic power management in environmentally powered systems
In this paper a framework for energy management in energy harvesting embedded systems is presented. As a possible example scenario, we focus on wireless sensor nodes which are powered by solar cells. We demonstrate that classical power management solutions ... Keywords: embedded systems, energy harvesting, model predictive control, power management, real-time scheduling, reward maximization
Clemens Moser; Jian-Jia Chen; Lothar Thiele
Runtime I/O re-routing + throttling on HPC storage
Massively parallel storage systems are becoming more and more prevalent on HPC systems due to the emergence of a new generation of data-intensive applications. To achieve the level of I/O throughput and capacity that is demanded by data intensive applications, ...
Qing Liu, Norbert Podhorszki, Jeremy Logan, Scott Klasky
Energy Flow Energy Flow Energy Flow A.Ukleja, T.Tymieniecka, I.Skillicorn 1 Azimuthal asymmetry
Energy Flow Energy Flow Energy Flow A.Ukleja, T.Tymieniecka, I.Skillicorn 1 Azimuthal asymmetry using energy flow method Azimuthal angle distribution at Q2 >100 GeV2 Energy flow method.Ukleja on behalf of the ZEUS Collaboration #12; Energy Flow Energy Flow Energy Flow A.Ukleja, T.Tymieniecka, I
Two-phase flow studies
The two-phase flow program is directed at understanding the hydrodynamics of two-phase flows. The two-phase flow regime is characterized by a series of flow patterns that are designated as bubble, slug, churn, and annular flow. Churn flow has received very little scientific attention. This lack of attention cannot be justified because calculations predict that the churn flow pattern will exist over a substantial portion of the two-phase flow zone in producing geothermal wells. The University of Houston is experimentally investigating the dynamics of churn flow and is measuring the holdup over the full range of flow space for which churn flow exists. These experiments are being conducted in an air/water vertical two-phase flow loop. Brown University has constructed and is operating a unique two-phase flow research facility specifically designed to address flow problems of relevance to the geothermal industry. An important feature of the facility is that it is dedicated to two-phase flow of a single substance (including evaporation and condensation) as opposed to the case of a two-component two-phase flow. This facility can be operated with horizontal or vertical test sections of constant diameter or with step changes in diameter to simulate a geothermal well profile.
Hanold, R.J.
Formation flow channel blocking
A method is claimed for selectively blocking high permeability flow channels in an underground hydrocarbon material bearing formation having flow channels of high permeability and having flow channels of lesser permeability. The method includes the following steps: introducing a blocking material fluid comprising a blocking material in a carrier into the flow channels through an injection well in communication with the formation; introducing a buffer fluid into the formation through the injection well for the buffer fluid to displace the blocking material fluid away from the injection well; allowing the blocking material to settle in the channels to resist displacement by fluid flowing through the channels; introducing a quantity of an activating fluid into the channels through the injection well at a sufficient rate for the activating fluid to displace the buffer fluid and finger into the high permeability channels to reach the blocking material in the high permeability channels without reaching the blocking material in the low permeability channels, the activating fluid being adapted to activate the blocking material which it reaches to cause blocking of the high permeability channels.
Kalina, A.I.
HVDC Control Strategies to Improve Transient Stability in Interconnected Power Systems
This paper presents three HVDC modulation strategies to improve transient stability in an interconnected power system. AC variables such as rotor speeds, voltage phasors, and tieline power flows are used as input to the controller that modifies the power flow settings through the HVDC-links. The proposed techniques are tested on the IEEE 24-Bus reliability test system and critical clearing times obtained for several contingencies are analyzed. The paper shows that HVDC modulation can lead to substantial improvement in transient stability.
J. Hazra; Y. Phulpin; D. Ernst
Flow Test | Open Energy Information
Flow Test Flow Test Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Flow Test Details Activities (38) Areas (33) Regions (1) NEPA(3) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Downhole Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Well Testing Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Well Testing Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: Stratigraphic/Structural: Hydrological: Flow tests provide information on permeability, recharge rates, reservoir pressures, fluid chemistry, and scaling. Thermal: Flow tests can measure temperature variations with time to estimate characteristics about the heat source. Dictionary.png Flow Test: Flow tests are typically conducted shortly after a well has been drilled to test its productivity. The well is opened and fluids are released, the
Power and energy
The author examines the development of nuclear power throughout the world, commencing with proposals for California, USA. Evidence that nuclear power remains viable in Asia include Japan Atomic Power Co.'s announcement of plans for a 1300 MW reactor ...
G. Zorpette
photon capture area and electrical power consumption. Bothcapture area (m 2 ) Electrical power consumption (kWh/kg HType 2 Type 3 Type 4 Electrical power consumption for these
power module - High temperature operation - Size reduction - 3-kW 120V single-phase inverter (250 C+) Input Power Output Power > 90% efficiency (estimated) Phase I: Very High...
Direct FuelCell/Turbine Power Plant
This report includes the progress in development of Direct Fuel Cell/Turbine. (DFC/T.) power plants for generation of clean power at very high efficiencies. The DFC/T power system is based on an indirectly heated gas turbine to supplement fuel cell generated power. The DFC/T power generation concept extends the high efficiency of the fuel cell by utilizing the fuel cell's byproduct heat in a Brayton cycle. Features of the DFC/T system include: electrical efficiencies of up to 75% on natural gas, 60% on coal gas, minimal emissions, simplicity in design, direct reforming internal to the fuel cell, reduced carbon dioxide release to the environment, and potential cost competitiveness with existing combined cycle power plants. FCE successfully completed testing of the pre-alpha sub-MW DFC/T power plant. This power plant was constructed by integration of a 250kW fuel cell stack and a microturbine. Following these proof-of-concept tests, a stand-alone test of the microturbine verified the turbine power output expectations at an elevated (representative of the packaged unit condition) turbine inlet temperature. Preliminary design of the packaged sub-MW alpha DFC/T unit has been completed and procurement activity has been initiated. The preliminary design of a 40 MW power plant including the key equipment layout and the site plan was completed. A preliminary cost estimate for the 40 MW DFC/T plant has also been prepared. The tests of the cascaded fuel cell concept for achieving high fuel utilizations were completed. The tests demonstrated that the concept results in higher power plant efficiency. Alternate stack flow geometries for increased power output/fuel utilization capabilities are also being evaluated.
Microwave fluid flow meter
A microwave fluid flow meter is described utilizing two spaced microwave sensors positioned along a fluid flow path. Each sensor includes a microwave cavity having a frequency of resonance dependent upon the static pressure of the fluid at the sensor locations. The resonant response of each cavity with respect to a variation in pressure of the monitored fluid is represented by a corresponding electrical output which can be calibrated into a direct pressure reading. The pressure drop between sensor locations is then correlated as a measure of fluid velocity. In the preferred embodiment the individual sensor cavities are strategically positioned outside the path of fluid flow and are designed to resonate in two distinct frequency modes yielding a measure of temperature as well as pressure. The temperature response can then be used in correcting for pressure responses of the microwave cavity encountered due to temperature fluctuations.
Billeter, Thomas R. (Richland, WA); Philipp, Lee D. (Richland, WA); Schemmel, Richard R. (Lynchburg, VA)
Green Power Network: Green Power Markets Overview
Green Markets Green Markets Search Search Help More Search Options Search Site Map News TVA Seeks 126 MW of Renewables in 2014 December 2013 More News More News Subscribe to E-Mail Update Subscribe to e-mail update Events EPA Webinar - The Power of Aggregated Purchasing: How to Green Your Electricity Supply & Save Money January 15, 2014 1:00-2:00 p.m. ET Previous Webinars More News Features Green Power Market Status Report (2011 Data) Featured Green Power Reports Green Pricing Green Power Marketing Green Certificates Carbon Offsets State Policies Overview The essence of green power marketing is to provide market-based choices for electricity consumers to purchase power from environmentally preferred sources. The term "green power" is used to define power generated from renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, geothermal, hydropower and various forms of biomass. Green power marketing has the potential to expand domestic markets for renewable energy technologies by fostering greater availability of renewable electric service options in retail markets. Although renewable energy development has traditionally been limited by cost considerations, customer choice allows consumer preferences for cleaner energy sources to be reflected in market transactions. In survey after survey, customers have expressed a preference and willingness to pay more, if necessary, for cleaner energy sources. You can find more information about purchase options on our "Buying Green Power" page.
Siemens Power Generation, Inc.
Presented at the 2005 Pittsburgh Coal Conference Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Page 1 of 10 Siemens Power Generation, Inc., All Rights Reserved Development of a Catalytic...
Laser Radiometry: Powering Up
... Radiometry: Powering Up. June 11, 2012. ... Contact: Marla Dowell 303-497- 7455. Chris Cromer examines one of PML's next-generation power meters ...
FOIAPrivacy Act Submit a FOIA Request DOE FOIA Requester Service Center Electronic Reading Room FOIA Links Power Marketing Administrations' FOIA Links Bonneville Power...
CT (USA), international presence in USA, Canada, Germany (Fraunhofer, IKTS) and South Korea (Posco) Delivering Direct FuelCell (DFC ) power plants for On-Site Power and...
Radioisotope Power Generation
Radioisotope Power Generation Long lived power sources are needed for equipment that is too remote or inaccessible for replacement. By choosing a radioactive element with a long...
Electric Power Monthly
Net Generation by Energy Source: Commercial Combined Heat and Power Sector . Table 1.5. Net Generation by Energy Source: Industrial Combined Heat and Power Sector .
Nuclear Fusion Power
Power Nuclear fusion reactors, if they can be made to work, promise virtually unlimited power for the indefinite future. This is because the fuel, isotopes of hydrogen, are...
Electrolytes for power sources
Electrolytes for power sources, particularly alkaline and acidic power sources, comprising benzene polysulfonic acids and benzene polyphosphonic acids or salts of such acids.
Doddapaneni, Narayan (Albuquerque, NM); Ingersoll, David (Albuquerque, NM)
Electrolytes are disclosed for power sources, particularly alkaline and acidic power sources, comprising benzene polysulfonic acids and benzene polyphosphonic acids or salts of such acids. 7 figures.
Doddapaneni, N.; Ingersoll, D.
302011 Essential PV power plant features Reliable power conversion Extensive service network Remote monitoring & diagnostics Plant level control Advanced grid-friendly features...
Sunrise II Power Plant
Sunrise Power Company, LLC (Sunrise), has planned the modification of an existing power plant project to increase its generation capacity by 265 megawatts by 2003. The initial...
Flow Stability of Supercritical Water Cooled Systems
Research activities are ongoing worldwide to develop nuclear power plants with supercritical water cooled reactor (SCWR) with the purpose to achieve a high thermal efficiency and to improve their economical competitiveness. However, the strong variation of the thermal-physical properties of water in the vicinity of the pseudo-critical line results in challenging tasks in thermal-hydraulic design of a SCWR. One of the challenging tasks is to understand and to predict the dynamic behavior and flow stability of supercritical water cooled systems. Although extensive thermal-hydraulic research activities have been carried out worldwide, studies on flow stability of SC water cooled systems are scarce. The present study deals with the flow behavior of SC water cooled systems. For this purpose the computer code SASC was developed, which is applied to a simplified cooling system. The effect of various parameters on the flow behavior is investigated. The first results achieved up to now reveals a complicated dynamic performance of a system cooled by supercritical water. (authors)
Cheng, X.; Kuang, B.; Yang, Y.H. [School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030 (China)
Mass-Loaded Flows
A key process within astronomy is the exchange of mass, momentum, and energy between diffuse plasmas in many types of astronomical sources (including planetary nebulae, wind-blown bubbles, supernova remnants, starburst superwinds, and the intracluster medium) and dense, embedded clouds or clumps. This transfer affects the large scale flows of the diffuse plasmas as well as the evolution of the clumps. I review our current understanding of mass-injection processes, and examine intermediate-scale structure and the global effect of mass-loading on a flow. I then discuss mass-loading in a variety of diffuse sources.
J. M. Pittard
Energy Storage & Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronic...
& Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronics (PE) Systems Presentations Energy Storage & Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronics (PE) Systems...
Water-Power Development, Conservation of Hydroelectric Power...
Water-Power Development, Conservation of Hydroelectric Power Dams and Works (Virginia) Water-Power Development, Conservation of Hydroelectric Power Dams and Works (Virginia)...
Karnataka Power Corporation Limited and National Thermal Power...
Karnataka Power Corporation Limited and National Thermal Power Corporation JV Jump to: navigation, search Name Karnataka Power Corporation Limited and National Thermal Power...
Flex power perspectives of indirect power system control through...
power perspectives of indirect power system control through dynamic power price (Smart Grid Project) Jump to: navigation, search Project Name Flex power perspectives of indirect...
for many applications, for instance for water flows in some components of nuclear power plants, it is possible to provide a wave-by-wave study, in spite of its nonconservative structure, and obtain some
Application of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler to Measure Hydro Plant Diversion Flows
For most conventional and pumped-storage hydroelectric plants, accurate and timely knowledge of flow rates is important for cost-effective operation. Acoustic Doppler technology has not been applied in a large power plant intake channel until this project.
Progress in Grid Scale Flow Batteries
Grid Scale Flow Batteries IMRE GYUK, PROGRAM MANAGER ENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH, DOE FlowBat 03- 07- 12 Without technological breakthroughs in efficient, large scale Energy Storage, it will be difficult to rely on intermittent renewables for much more than 20-30% of our Electricity. Secretary Chu, Feb. 2010 The need for regulation services can dramatically increase as the amount of variable renewable resources is increased. Local storage is among the best means to ensure we can reliably integrate renewable energy resources into the grid. Chairman Wellinghoff, FERC, March 2010 Transmission and storage capacity are key issues for energy resource planning. If you like wind power, you have to love transmission and storage. Terry Boston , CEO, PJM, June 2010
Elliptic flow orientation, saturation and low $p_t$ behavior
We consider general model with factorization between macroscopic flow and matter decay distribution. We show universality of $p_t^2$ behavior of elliptic flow at small $p_t$ for identified final particles in the symmetric nucleus collision. At high $p_t$ we compare non-relativistic and relativistic models for boosted decay distribution. In the relativistic models with distribution having power-like tail we show existence of elliptic flow saturation. This means that the elliptic flow value $v_2$ tend to constant at high $p_t$. We discuss the importance of determination of elliptic flow orientation which can help us to compare different models. For example, we introduce potential expansion model which can reproduce azimuthal asymmetry but based on the assumption that there are only cold strong forces and no thermalization. This model show opposite sign of elliptic flow orientation in comparison with thermal model. We also show that at small $p_t$ sign of elliptic flow can change due to sign of second derivative of decay distribution. This fact tell us that we must more carefully link elliptic flow sign and properties of the model.
V. A. Abramovsky; A. V. Popov
Western Area Power Administration. Combined power system financial statements
This report presents the results of the independent certified public accountants` audit of the Western Area Power Administration`s combined power system statements of assets, Federal investment and liabilities, and the related combined statements of revenues, expenses and accumulated net revenues, and cash flows. The auditors` report on Westerns internal control structure disclosed three new reportable conditions concerning the lack of: (1) a reconciliation of stores inventory from subsidiary ledgers to summary financial information, (2) communication of interest during construction and related adjustments to interest on Federal investment, and (3) a system to prevent and detect power billing errors. None of the conditions were considered to be material weaknesses. Western provided concurrence and corrective action plans. The auditors` report on Western`s compliance with laws and regulations also disclosed two new instances of noncompliance. Western failed to calculate nonreimbursable expenses in accordance with the Grand Canyon Protection Act and had an unexplained difference in gross Federal investment balances used to calculate interest on Federal investment. Western provided concurrence and corrective action plans for the instances.
Flow processing and the rise of commodity network hardware
The Internet has seen a proliferation of specialized middlebox devices that carry out crucial network functionality such as load balancing, packet inspection and intrusion detection. Recent advances in CPU power, memory, buses and network connectivity ... Keywords: architecture, flow processing, internet, virtualization
Adam Greenhalgh; Felipe Huici; Mickael Hoerdt; Panagiotis Papadimitriou; Mark Handley; Laurent Mathy
Microwave measurement of water content in flowing crude oil
A microwave method and a microwave device for measurement of water content in flowing crude oil are proposed. The method is based on measuring power of electromagnetic waves propagated through a transmission line and reflected from the load that is a ...
Yu. V. Makeev; A. P. Lifanov; A. S. Sovlukov
Military power requirements and backup power considerations
All US Air Force (USAF) facilities have certain critical power requirements that must be met in order to carry out their mission successfully. Internal USAF studies have shown that the mission can degrade precipitously as the available power decreases below the mission critical level. Now, more than ever before, the military and private industry are finding that certain functions, such as automated data processing and automated process control, respond catastrophically to power reductions. Furthermore, increased reliance on electrical power means, in the case of the Air Force, that critical power requirements are anticipated to increase by half over the next 15 yr. For these reasons and others, the USAF is investigating several means of improving the availability of electric power under adverse conditions above that which can be provided by an off-base supplier. Among the approaches to this problem being pursued at this time are a program to improve all sorts of generator sets on a service-wide basis and the Multimegawatt Terrestrial Power (MTP) Program, which is pursuing the design and testing of a small dedicated nuclear power source to provide critical mission power. The purpose of this paper is to provide some insight into some of the issues associated with USAF power programs.
Botts, T.E.
Power Potential of Geothermal Wells Related to Reservoir Temperature
For equal flows of hot water wells, the electric power which can be generated increases with feed water temperature. However, high temperature wells discharge greater flows than that of lower temperature wells of similar permeability, with the result of enhanced power potential. In fact, where fluids are exploited utilizing two-stage flash, these factors combine to give a power potential which is proportional to the cube of the feed water temperature in degrees celsius. Hence a feed of 315 C would generate twice the power of that of water at 250 C for wells of good permeability and where the reservoir exists under conditions of boiling point with depth. Higher temperature water (exceeding 300 C) has, however, a commensurate higher tendency to mineral deposition in reinjection water lines and this disposes design to single-stage flash with slightly reduced power, compared with the two-stage alternative.
James, Russell
The development work during this quarter was focused in the assembly of the downhole power generator hardware and its electronics module. The quarter was also spent in the development of the surface system electronics and software to extract the acoustic data transmitted from downhole to the surface from the noise generated by hydrocarbon flow in wells and to amplify very small acoustic signals to increase the distance between the downhole tool and the surface receiver. The tasks accomplished during this report period were: (1) Assembly of the downhole power generator mandrel for generation of electrical power due to flow in the wellbore. (2) Test the piezoelectric wafers to assure that they are performing properly prior to integrating them to the mechanical power generator mandrel. (3) Coat the power generator wafers to prevent water from shorting the power generator wafers. (4) Test of the power generator using a water tower and an electric pump to create a water flow loop. (5) Test the power harvesting electronics module. (6) Upgrade the signal condition and amplification from downhole into the surface system. (7) Upgrade the surface processing system capability to process data faster. (8) Create a new filtering technique to extract the signal from noise after the data from downhole is received at the surface system.
Paul Tubel
Flow cytometry apparatus
An obstruction across the flow chamber creates a one dimensional convergence of a sheath fluid. A passageway in the construction directs flat cells near to the area of one dimensional convergence in the sheath fluid to provide proper orientation of flat cells at fast rates.
Pinkel, Daniel (Walnut Creek, CA)
An obstruction across the flow chamber creates a one-dimensional convergence of a sheath fluid. A passageway in the obstruction directs flat cells near to the area of one-dimensional convergence in the sheath fluid to provide proper orientation of flat cells at fast rates. 6 figs.
Pinkel, D.
energy. In the not so distant past, solar power captured by wind flows and biomass production were the sole energy sources fueling human existence. The direct and indirect fruits of solar power provided of solar power captured by wind turbines, wave motion, and silicon panels. And similarly, many energy
Copyright 2012 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission from: Integration of Geomagnetic Disturbance Modeling into the Power
Copyright © 2012 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission from: Integration of Geomagnetic Disturbance America Power Symposium (NAPS), September 2012, Champaign, IL Integration of Geomagnetic Disturbance for integrated power flow modeling of the impact of geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) on the power system voltage
Adaptive stabilizing control of a power system through UPFC shunt and series converters
The dynamic performance of a power system can be improved by using additional controls in a unified power flow controller (UPFC). Self-tuning adaptive control of the voltage magnitude of the series converter and phase angle of shunt converter for stabilization ... Keywords: UPFC, adaptive control, on-line identification, pole - shifting control, power system stabilizing control
A. H. M. A. Rahim; E. P. Nowicki
The Simulation of Doubly Fed Induction Generators Accessing Gansu Jiajiu Power Grid Based on PSASP
Due to the asynchronous generator has many negative factors such as large power fluctuation, poor transient performance, low energy efficiency, etc. The doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) is becoming a popular concept and thus the modeling of DFIG ... Keywords: double fed induction generator, decoupling control, power flow, power system transient stability, PSASP/UD
Wei Wei; Wang Yu-Hong; Li Xing-yuan; Deng Jing
DoubleDip: leveraging thermoelectric harvesting for low power monitoring of sporadic water use
We present DoubleDip, a low power monitoring system for enabling non-intrusive water flow detection. DoubleDip taps into minute thermal gradients in pipes for both replenishing energy reserves and performing low power wakeup. One of the remaining issues ... Keywords: energy harvesting, low power, sustainability, thermoelectric, water monitoring
Paul Martin; Zainul Charbiwala; Mani Srivastava
Kingsnorth PS Unit 3: Boiler Demonstration of TR-Tech ECT STAR PF Flow Meters
Following an earlier demonstration at Kingsnorth of five pulverized fuel (PF) flow technologies, Power Technology undertook a full boiler demonstration of the TR-Tech ECT STAR system. This was an internationally funded project with contributions from TXU Europe, EPRI, Hongkong Electric Corporation, and assistance and research funds from PowerGen's Strategic Technology Plan (STP). The project assessed the suitability of long-term operation of a PF flow measurement system's ultimate inclusion in a control ...
Power-Invariant Magnetic System Modeling
In all energy systems, the parameters necessary to calculate power are the same in functionality: an effort or force needed to create a movement in an object and a flow or rate at which the object moves. Therefore, the power equation can generalized as a function of these two parameters: effort and flow, P = effort * flow. Analyzing various power transfer media this is true for at least three regimes: electrical, mechanical and hydraulic but not for magnetic. This implies that the conventional magnetic system model (the reluctance model) requires modifications in order to be consistent with other energy system models. Even further, performing a comprehensive comparison among the systems, each system's model includes an effort quantity, a flow quantity and three passive elements used to establish the amount of energy that is stored or dissipated as heat. After evaluating each one of them, it was clear that the conventional magnetic model did not follow the same pattern: the reluctance, as analogous to the electric resistance, should be a dissipative element instead it is an energy storage element. Furthermore, the two other elements are not defined. This difference has initiated a reevaluation of the conventional magnetic model. In this dissertation the fundamentals on electromagnetism and magnetic materials that supports the modifications proposed to the magnetic model are presented. Conceptual tests to a case study system were performed in order to figure out the network configuration that better represents its real behavior. Furthermore, analytical and numerical techniques were developed in MATLAB and Simulink in order to validate our model. Finally, the feasibility of a novel concept denominated magnetic transmission line was developed. This concept was introduced as an alternative to transmit power. In this case, the media of transport was a magnetic material. The richness of the power-invariant magnetic model and its similarities with the electric model enlighten us to apply concepts and calculation techniques new to the magnetic regime but common to the electric one, such as, net power, power factor, and efficiency, in order to evaluate the power transmission capabilities of a magnetic system. The fundamental contribution of this research is that it presents an alternative to model magnetic systems using a simpler, more physical approach. As the model is standard to other systems' models it allows the engineer or researcher to perform analogies among systems in order to gather insights and a clearer understanding of magnetic systems which up to now has been very complex and theoretical.
Gonzalez Dominguez, Guadalupe Giselle
Electrokinetic Power Generation from Liquid Water Microjets
Although electrokinetic effects are not new, only recently have they been investigated for possible use in energy conversion devices. We have recently reported the electrokinetic generation of molecular hydrogen from rapidly flowing liquid water microjets [Duffin et al. JPCC 2007, 111, 12031]. Here, we describe the use of liquid water microjets for direct conversion of electrokinetic energy to electrical power. Previous studies of electrokinetic power production have reported low efficiencies ({approx}3%), limited by back conduction of ions at the surface and in the bulk liquid. Liquid microjets eliminate energy dissipation due to back conduction and, measuring only at the jet target, yield conversion efficiencies exceeding 10%.
Duffin, Andrew M.; Saykally, Richard J.
Approximating Line Losses and Apparent Power in AC Power Flow Linearizations,� Submitted to
of this article, the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publisher identify this article as work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcher�s right to publish; as an institution, however, the Laboratory does not endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee its technical correctness.
Carleton Coffrin; Pascal Van Hentenryck; Russell Bent; Carleton Coffrin; Student Member; Pascal Van Hentenryck; Russell Bent
An Optimal Power Flow (OPF) Method with Improved Power System Stability
Conditioning HVDC High-Voltage Direct Current IEA International Energy Agency IT Information Technology NETL Examples of software or systems Transmission enhancement Superconductors, FACTS, HVDC High-voltage direct current (HVDC). Advanced transformers: High-efficiency amorphous transformers, solid state transformers
Chen, Zhe
Superconducting Power Equipment
The 2010 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Technology Watch (Techwatch) report on superconducting power applications (EPRI report 1019995, Superconducting Power Equipment: Technology Watch 2010) introduced coverage about superconducting magnetic energy storage systems and superconducting transformers. The 2011 report contains additional information about superconducting power equipment, including progress to demonstrations in some projects. The 2011 report also includes a section on superconductin...
Power Purchase Agreements
Presentation covers the power purchase agreements taken from the FEMP Alternative Finance Options (AFO) webinar.
Transportation and Stationary Power
heat, hydrogen and power (CHHP) "trigeneration" systems can hypothetically be configured to provide (1
Unbalanced Load Flow for Weakly Meshed Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation
Distributed Generation (DG) can bring support to distribution system, meanwhile, it bring unbalancedness in power source, load and line. Traditional load flow algorithms are not applicable to the weakly meshed distribution system with DGs. First, this ... Keywords: weakly meshed distribution system, distributed generation, unbalanced load flow, sensitivity compensation
Shao-Qiang Hu; Sen-Mao Li
Self-Organized Network Flows
A model for traffic flow in street networks or material flows in supply networks is presented, that takes into account the conservation of cars or materials and other significant features of traffic flows such as jam formation, spillovers, and load-dependent transportation times. Furthermore, conflicts or coordination problems of intersecting or merging flows are considered as well. Making assumptions regarding the permeability of the intersection as a function of the conflicting flows and the queue lengths, we find self-organized oscillations in the flows similar to the operation of traffic lights.
Helbing, D; L�mmer, S; Helbing, Dirk; Siegmeier, Jan; L\\"{a}mmer, Stefan
Flow Characteristics Analysis of Widows' Creek Type Control Valve for Steam Turbine Control
The steam turbine converts the kinetic energy of steam to mechanical energy of rotor blades in the power conversion system of fossil and nuclear power plants. The electric output from the generator of which the rotor is coupled with that of the steam turbine depends on the rotation velocity of the steam turbine bucket. The rotation velocity is proportional to the mass flow rate of steam entering the steam turbine through valves and nozzles. Thus, it is very important to control the steam mass flow rate for the load following operation of power plants. Among various valves that control the steam turbine, the control valve is most significant. The steam flow rate is determined by the area formed by the stem disk and the seat of the control valve. While the ideal control valve linearly controls the steam mass flow rate with its stem lift, the real control valve has various flow characteristic curves pursuant to the stem lift type. Thus, flow characteristic curves are needed to precisely design the control valves manufactured for the operating conditions of nuclear power plants. OMEGA (Optimized Multidimensional Experiment Geometric Apparatus) was built to experimentally study the flow characteristics of steam flowing inside the control valve. The Widows' Creek type control valve was selected for reference. Air was selected as the working fluid in the OMEGA loop to exclude the condensation effect in this simplified approach. Flow characteristic curves were plotted by calculating the ratio of the measured mass flow rate versus the theoretical mass flow rate of the air. The flow characteristic curves are expected to be utilized to accurately design and operate the control valve for fossil as well as nuclear plants. (authors)
Yoo, Yong H.; Sohn, Myoung S.; Suh, Kune Y. [PHILOSOPHIA, Inc., Seoul National University, San 56-1 Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 (Korea, Republic of)
Green Power Network: Green Power Leadership Awards
Awards will highlight the accomplishments of green power suppliers (utilities, retail suppliers, REC marketers, and renewable energy project developers) that are innovators and...
Power Quality Impacts of Distributed Generation
Distribution systems are designed for one-way power flow and can accommodate only a limited amount of distributed generation (DG) without alterations. This project focused on the economics associated with upgrading and designing distribution systems to support widespread integration of distributed resources, especially distributed generation. Costs were determined in the area of protection requirements and voltage regulation requirements, two of the main areas where changes are required to accommodate DG.
Stopping power of weakly unstable plasmas
An expression for the additional contribution to the stopping power of a weakly unstable plasma due to the modification of the beam--plasma collision operator by the presence of the unstable modes is derived and evaluated for a plasma with a flowing hot-electron tail, i.e., a bump-on-tail instability. It is found that the unstable plasma oscillations do not substantially alter the screening of the beam--plasma interaction.
Perez, J.D.; Payne, G.L.
Lattice Boltzmann modeling of microchannel flow in slip flow regime
We present the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) with multiple relaxation times (MRT) to simulate pressure-driven gaseous flow in a long microchannel. We obtain analytic solutions of the MRT-LBE with various boundary conditions for the incompressible ... Keywords: Gas flow through microchannel, Lattice Boltzmann equation with multiple relaxation times, Slip flow
Frederik Verhaeghe; Li-Shi Luo; Bart Blanpain
NREL: Energy Analysis - Concentrating Solar Power Results - Life Cycle
Concentrating Solar Power Results - Life Cycle Assessment Harmonization Concentrating Solar Power Results - Life Cycle Assessment Harmonization Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Concentrating Solar Power (Factsheet) Cover of the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Concentrating Solar Power Download the Factsheet Flowchart that shows the life cycle stages for concentrating solar power systems. For help reading this chart, please contact the webmaster. Figure 1. Process flow diagram illustrating the life cycle stages for concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. The yellow box defined by the grey line shows the systems boundaries assumed in harmonization. Enlarge image NREL developed and applied a systematic approach to review literature on life cycle assessments of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, identify
Power Quality and Harmonic Impacts of Distributed Generation Technologies
The PQ TechWatch report series builds on EPRI's broad expertise and power quality testing and evaluation work to provide a vital flow of data, including important information on emerging trends powering ebusinesses and developments in next-generation power quality mitigation and energy storage technologies.This PQ TechWatch aims to present an overview of power quality impacts resulting from operation of DG technologies on the grid. An emphasis on harmonic effects is included here. Concerns in this area a...
Dynamics and control modeling of the closed-cycle gas turbine (GT-HTGR) power plant
The simulation if presented for the 800-MW(e) two-loop GT-HTGR plant design with the REALY2 transient analysis computer code, and the modeling of control strategies called for by the inherently unique operational requirements of a multiple loop GT-HTGR is described. Plant control of the GT-HTGR is constrained by the nature of its power conversion loops (PCLs) in which the core cooling flow and the turbine flow are directly related and thus changes in flow affect core cooling as well as turbine power. Additionally, the high thermal inertia of the reactor core precludes rapid changes in the temperature of the turbine inlet flow.
Bardia, A.
High-bandwidth continuous-flow arc furnace
A high-bandwidth continuous-flow arc furnace for stream welding applications includes a metal mass contained in a crucible having an orifice. A power source charges an electrode for generating an arc between the electrode and the mass. The arc heats the metal mass to a molten state. A pressurized gas source propels the molten metal mass through the crucible orifice in a continuous stream. As the metal is ejected, a metal feeder replenishes the molten metal bath. A control system regulates the electrode current, shielding gas pressure, and metal source to provide a continuous flow of molten metal at the crucible orifice. Independent control over the electrode current and shield gas pressure decouples the metal flow temperature and the molten metal flow rate, improving control over resultant weld characteristics. 4 figs.
Hardt, D.E.; Lee, S.G.
LBL-10090 UC-61 HYDROLYZED WOOD SLURRY FLOW MODELING JimLBL-10090 HYDROLYZED WOOD SLURRY FLOW MODELING Jim Wrathallconversion of hydrolyzed wood slurry to fuel oil, Based on
Wrathall, Jim
Katabatic Wind in Opposing Flow
This paper presents a one-dimensional model of katabatic winds in ambient flow and examines types of possible solutions. Results presented in dimensionless form indicate that 1) cooling along a slope with upslope ambient flow can lead to tranquil ...
David R. Fitzjarrald
Momentum Balance of Gravity Flows
A unified scale analysis of the momentum balance of downslope gravity flows is developed to organize previous theories for the case of negligible ambient flow and fixed temperature deficit scale. The values of several nondimensional parameters ...
L. Mahrt
FLOW ASSURANCE TEST LOOP FLOW ASSURANCE TEST LOOP Objective O ver a decade ago, RMOTC began cooperatively building a full-scale facility to test new fl ow assurance technology, mainly in the areas of hydrates and paraffi ns. Today, RMOTC's test facility consists of fi ve individual loop sections, including chilling and heated pipe-in-pipe water sections, bare lines, and a mixing section. The facility was designed to represent typical deepwater production systems in order to simulate full-scale tests and apply the results to fl ow assurance fi eld applications and technology. The current facility design consists of a 6" x 3,600 maximum allowable operating pressure test pipeline in fi ve separate loops. The test loops begin and ter- minate at a central location just north
Modeling Turbulent Flow
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Turbulent Turbulent Flow with Implicit LES L.G. Margolin 1 Proceedings of the Joint Russian-American Five Laboratory Conference on Computational Mathematics/Physics 19-23 June, 2005 Vienna, Austria 1 Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, email@example.com 1 Abstract Implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) is a methodology for modeling high Reynolds' num- ber flows that combines computational efficiency and ease of implementation with predictive calculations and flexible application. Although ILES has been used for more than fifteen years, it is only recently that significant effort has gone into providing a physical rationale that speaks to its capabilities and its limitations. In this talk, we will present new theoret- ical results aimed toward building a justification and discuss some remaining gaps in our understanding and our practical
TEP process flow diagram
This presentation describes the development of the proposed Process Flow Diagram (PFD) for the Tokamak Exhaust Processing System (TEP) of ITER. A brief review of design efforts leading up to the PFD is followed by a description of the hydrogen-like, air-like, and waterlike processes. Two new design values are described; the mostcommon and most-demanding design values. The proposed PFD is shown to meet specifications under the most-common and mostdemanding design values.
Wilms, R Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Carlson, Bryan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Coons, James [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kubic, William [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
The vanadium redox flow battery, sometimes abbreviated as VRB, is an energy storage technology with significant potential for application in a wide range of contexts. Vanadium redox batteries have already been used in a number of demonstrations in small-scale utility-scale applications, and it is believed that the technology is close to being viable for more widespread use. This report examines the vanadium redox technology, including technical performance and cost issues that drive its application today...
High power fast ramping power supplies
Hundred megawatt level fast ramping power converters to drive proton and heavy ion machines are under research and development at accelerator facilities in the world. This is a leading edge technology. There are several topologies to achieve this power level. Their advantages and related issues will be discussed.
Marneris,I.; Bajon, E.; Bonati, R.; Sandberg, J.; Roser, T.; Tsoupas, N.
Active Power Control from Wind Power (Presentation)
In order to keep the electricity grid stable and the lights on, the power system relies on certain responses from its generating fleet. This presentation evaluates the potential for wind turbines and wind power plants to provide these services and assist the grid during critical times.
Ela, E.; Brooks, D.
HTGR power plant turbine-generator load control system
A control system is disclosed for a high temperature gas cooled reactor power plant, wherein a steam source derives heat from the reactor coolant gas to generate superheated and reheated steam in respective superheater and reheater sections that are included in the steam source. Each of dual turbine-generators includes a high pressure turbine to pass superheated steam and an associated intermediate low pressure turbine to pass reheated steam. A first admission valve means is connected to govern a flow of superheated steam through a high pressure turbine, and a second admission valve means is connected to govern a flow of reheated steam through an intermediate-low pressure turbine. A bypass line and bypass valve means connected therein are connected across a second admission valve means and its intermediate-low pressure turbine. The second admission valve means is positioned to govern the steam flow through the intermediate-low pressure turbine in accordance with the desired power output of the turbine-generator. In response to the steam flow through the intermediate-low pressure turbine, the bypass valve means is positioned to govern the steam flow through the bypass line to maintain a desired minimum flow through the reheater section at times when the steam flow through the intermediate-low pressure turbine is less than such minimum. The power output of the high pressure turbine is controlled by positioning the first admission valve means in predetermined proportionality with the desired power output of the turbine-generator, thereby improving the accuracy of control of the power output of the high pressure turbine at low load levels.
Braytenbah, A.S.; Jaegtnes, K.O.
Convective heat flow probe
A convective heat flow probe device is provided which measures heat flow and fluid flow magnitude in the formation surrounding a borehole. The probe comprises an elongate housing adapted to be lowered down into the borehole; a plurality of heaters extending along the probe for heating the formation surrounding the borehole; a plurality of temperature sensors arranged around the periphery of the probe for measuring the temperature of the surrounding formation after heating thereof by the heater elements. The temperature sensors and heater elements are mounted in a plurality of separate heater pads which are supported by the housing and which are adapted to be radially expanded into firm engagement with the walls of the borehole. The heat supplied by the heater elements and the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors are monitored and used in providing the desired measurements. The outer peripheral surfaces of the heater pads are configured as segments of a cylinder and form a full cylinder when taken together. A plurality of temperature sensors are located on each pad so as to extend along the length and across the width thereof, with a heating element being located in each pad beneath the temperature sensors. An expansion mechanism driven by a clamping motor provides expansion and retraction of the heater pads and expandable packet-type seals are provided along the probe above and below the heater pads.
Dunn, J.C.; Hardee, H.C.; Striker, R.P.
Motivation for a combined data flow-control flow processor
Data flow sequencing and the directed graph program representation provide two important tools for the development of computer architectures which can exploit problem parallelism. Classical (control flow) architecture deal efficiently with other problems such as serial sequences and data storage which are not handled so well by a data flow architecture. A hybrid which incorporates features of a data flow architecture along with features of a control flow architecture has the potential to become an effective parallel architecture for a wide class of problems. 10 references.
Oxley, D.W.
Green Power Network: Green Power Policies
Green Power Marketing Green Certificates Carbon Offsets State Policies govern_purch Community Choice Aggregation Disclosure Policies Green Power Policies Net Metering Policies Green Power Policies A number of state and local governments have policies in place that encourage the development of green power markets. Government green power purchasing mandates or goals have been established by the federal government, as well as state and local governments to procure renewable energy for the electricity used by government facilities or operations. Community choice aggregation allows communities to determine their electricity generation sources by aggregating the community load and purchasing electricity from an alternate electricity supplier while still receiving transmission and distribution service from their existing provider.
A nuclear power plant is designed in which the reactor is steam-cooled and radioactivity is removed from the steam before entering the turbine. The plant has a steam circuit in which the steam from the reactor is passed through one flow path of a heat exchanger and then part of this steam is passed through contact washing equipment before being reheated in a second flow path of the heat exchanger and being led to the turbine. (D.L.C.)
Bauer, S.G.; Kendon, M.H.
Information flow analysis for javascript
Modern Web 2.0 pages combine scripts from several sources into a single client-side JavaScript program with almost no isolation. In order to prevent attacks from an untrusted third-party script or cross-site scripting, tracking provenance of data is ... Keywords: eval, hybrid program analysis, implicit flow, information flow control, unstructured control flow
Seth Just; Alan Cleary; Brandon Shirley; Christian Hammer
Visualizing flow patterns in coupled geomechanical simulation using streamlines
Reservoir geomechanics is a production induced phenomena that is experienced in large number of fields around the world. Hydrocarbon production changes the pore pressure which in turn alters the in-situ stress state. For reservoirs that are either stress sensitive or where rock is soft and unconsolidated, stresses have appreciable effect on rock properties like porosity and permeability. Anisotropic and isotropic permeability changes affect flow direction and movement of flood front thereby influencing well performance and reservoir productivity. Coupling of geomechanical calculation with multi-phase flow calculation is needed to make prudent predictions about the reservoir production and recovery. The post processing tools provided with the simulators cannot monitor flood front movement and fail to capture important information like flow directionality and dominant phase in a flow. Geomechanical simulation is combined with streamline tracing to aid in better understanding of the reservoir dynamics through visualization of flow patterns in the reservoir. Streamline tracing is a proved reservoir engineering tool that is widely used by industry experts to capture information on flood movement, injector-producer relations and swept area. In the present research, we have incorporated total velocity streamlines and phase streamlines for coupled geomechanical simulation and compared the results with streamline tracing for conventional reservoir simulator to explain geomechanics behavior on reservoir flow processes in a more detailed and appealing manner. Industry standard simulators are used for coupled geomechanical simulation and conventional simulation and streamline tracing has been done through in-house tracing code. The research demonstrates the benefits and power of streamline tracing in visualizing flow patterns through work on two cases; first, a synthetic case for studying water injection in a five spot pattern and second, a SPE 9th comparative study. The research gives encouraging results by showing how geomechanics influences reservoir flow paths and reservoir dynamics through visualization of flow. The streamlines captures flow directionality, information regarding appearance and disappearance of gas phase and the connectivity between injector and producer.
Parihar, Prannay
The number of sensors connected to the electric power system is expected to grow by several orders of magnitude by 2020. However, the information networks which will transmit and analyze the resulting data are ill-equipped to handle the resulting volume with reliable real-time delivery. Without the ability to manage and use this data, deploying sensors such as phasor measurement units in the transmission system and smart meters in the distribution system will not result in the desired improvements in the power grid. The ability to exploit the massive data being generated by new sensors would allow for more efficient flow of power and increased survivability of the grid. Additionally, the power systems of today are not capable of managing two-way power flow to accommodate distributed generation capabilities due to concerns about system stability and lack of system flexibility. The research that we are performing creates a framework to add 'intelligence' to the sensors and actuators being used today in the electric power system. Sensors that use our framework will be capable of sharing information through the various layers of the electric power system to enable two-way information flow to help facilitate integration of distributed resources. Several techniques are considered including use of peer-to-peer communication as well as distributed agents.
Akyol, Bora A.; Haack, Jereme N.; Tews, Cody W.; Carpenter, Brandon J.; Kulkarni, Anand V.; Craig, Philip A.
Categorical Exclusion (CX) Determination
Reroute of Jamestown-Grand Forks 230 kV transmission line near Hannaford, North Reroute of Jamestown-Grand Forks 230 kV transmission line near Hannaford, North Dakota. Description of Proposed Action: Western is planning to reroute approximately two miles of its Jamestown-Grand Forks 230-kilovolt (kV) transmission line. The reroute will occur in SECI and 11 T144N R60W in Griggs County, North Dakota. The purpose of moving the transmission line is to relocate the line out of a wetland to a more upland site. Construction will occur late summer or fall of2012. Number and Title of Categorical Exclusions Being Applied: 10 CFR 1021.410 Subpart D, Appendix B, B4.13: Reconstruction (upgrading or rebuilding) and/or minor relocation of existing electric power lines approximately 20 miles in length or less to enhance environmental and land use values. Such
and has been operating since May 2013 Planning to operate through end of September 2013. Instrumentation and controls: Module Design and Fabrication: 14 14 Data at design flow...
Turbines Off NYC East River Will Provide Power to 9,500 Residents |
Turbines Off NYC East River Will Provide Power to 9,500 Residents Turbines Off NYC East River Will Provide Power to 9,500 Residents Turbines Off NYC East River Will Provide Power to 9,500 Residents February 6, 2012 - 3:16pm Addthis Free Flow System turbine being installed in East River, New York, NY (Dec 2006). | Image Credit: Kris Unger/Verdant Power, Inc. Free Flow System turbine being installed in East River, New York, NY (Dec 2006). | Image Credit: Kris Unger/Verdant Power, Inc. Hoyt Battey Water Power Market Acceleration and Deployment Team Lead, Wind and Water Power Program What does this project do? The 30 turbines will generate 1,050 kilowatts of electricity -- this power will be delivered to 9,500 New York homes. As part of the Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy project, 30 turbines are being installed along the strait that connects the Long Island Sound with the
Concentrating Solar Power Tower System Basics | Department of Energy
Concentrating Solar Power Tower System Basics Concentrating Solar Power Tower System Basics Concentrating Solar Power Tower System Basics August 20, 2013 - 5:06pm Addthis In power tower concentrating solar power systems, numerous large, flat, sun-tracking mirrors, known as heliostats, focus sunlight onto a receiver at the top of a tall tower. A heat-transfer fluid heated in the receiver is used to generate steam, which, in turn, is used in a conventional turbine generator to produce electricity. Some power towers use water/steam as the heat-transfer fluid. Other advanced designs are experimenting with molten nitrate salt because of its superior heat-transfer and energy-storage capabilities. Individual commercial plants can be sized to produce up to 200 megawatts of electricity. Illustration of a power tower power plant. Sunlight is shown reflecting off a series of heliostats surrounding the tower and onto the receiver at the top of the tower. The hot heat-transfer fluid exiting from the receiver flows down the tower, into a feedwater reheater, and then into a turbine, which generates electricity that is fed into the power grid. The cool heat-transfer fluid exiting the turbine flows into a steam condenser to be cooled and sent back up the tower to the receiver.
User manual for PACTOLUS: a code for computing power costs.
PACTOLUS is a computer code for calculating the cost of generating electricity. Through appropriate definition of the input data, PACTOLUS can calculate the cost of generating electricity from a wide variety of power plants, including nuclear, fossil, geothermal, solar, and other types of advanced energy systems. The purpose of PACTOLUS is to develop cash flows and calculate the unit busbar power cost (mills/kWh) over the entire life of a power plant. The cash flow information is calculated by two principal models: the Fuel Model and the Discounted Cash Flow Model. The Fuel Model is an engineering cost model which calculates the cash flow for the fuel cycle costs over the project lifetime based on input data defining the fuel material requirements, the unit costs of fuel materials and processes, the process lead and lag times, and the schedule of the capacity factor for the plant. For nuclear plants, the Fuel Model calculates the cash flow for the entire nuclear fuel cycle. For fossil plants, the Fuel Model calculates the cash flow for the fossil fuel purchases. The Discounted Cash Flow Model combines the fuel costs generated by the Fuel Model with input data on the capital costs, capital structure, licensing time, construction time, rates of return on capital, tax rates, operating costs, and depreciation method of the plant to calculate the cash flow for the entire lifetime of the project. The financial and tax structure for both investor-owned utilities and municipal utilities can be simulated through varying the rates of return on equity and debt, the debt-equity ratios, and tax rates. The Discounted Cash Flow Model uses the principal that the present worth of the revenues will be equal to the present worth of the expenses including the return on investment over the economic life of the project. This manual explains how to prepare the input data, execute cases, and interpret the output results. (RWR)
Huber, H.D.; Bloomster, C.H.
IBM POWER6 microarchitecture
This paper describes the implementation of the IBM POWER6� microprocessor, a two-way simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) dual-core chip whose key features include binary compatibility with IBM POWER5� microprocessor-based systems; increased ...
H. Q. Le; W. J. Starke; J. S. Fields; F. P. O'Connell; D. Q. Nguyen; B. J. Ronchetti; W. M. Sauer; E. M. Schwarz; M. T. Vaden
2025 Power Marketing Initiative
and is in the process of developing a plan for marketing and allocating LAP hydroelectric power after the FES contracts expire. We call this plan our 2025 Power Marketing...
Body powered thermoelectric systems
Great interest exists for and progress has be made in the effective utilization of the human body as a possible power supply in hopes of powering such applications as sensors and continuously monitoring medical devices ...
Settaluri, Krishna Tej
The design and manufacture of electric power equipment, the one electrotechnology in which Europe could gain worldwide dominance by the end of the century, is examined. All three power-equipment categories-generation, transmission, and distribution-are ...
Space Solar Power Program
Information pertaining to the Space Solar Power Program is presented on energy analysis; markets; overall development plan; organizational plan; environmental and safety issues; power systems; space transportation; space manufacturing, construction, operations; design examples; and finance.
Arif, H.; Barbosa, H.; Bardet, C.; Baroud, M.; Behar, A.; Berrier, K.; Berthe, P.; Bertrand, R.; Bibyk, I.; Bisson, J.; Bloch, L.; Bobadilla, G.; Bourque, D.; Bush, L.; Carandang, R.; Chiku, T.; Crosby, N.; De Seixas, M.; De Vries, J.; Doll, S.; Dufour, F.; Eckart, P.; Fahey, M.; Fenot, F.; Foeckersperger, S.; Fontaine, J.E.; Fowler, R.; Frey, H.; Fujio, H.; Gasa, J.M.; Gleave, J.; Godoe, J.; Green, I.; Haeberli, R.; Hanada, T.; Ha
Power Management Controls
additional savings of 1.3 billion are lost because power management is present, but disabled. In some cases, power management is not compatible with the application or doesn't...
resolved Power capture and conversion in line with prediction 11 CF16539GG 1 OCEAN POWER DELIVERY LTD PROJECTS 12 CF16539GG 1 Enersis - Project 1 Enersis Portugal's largest...
Data Center Power Consumption
Center Power Consumption Center Power Consumption A new look at a growing problem Fact - Data center power density up 10x in the last 10 years 2.1 kW/rack (1992); 14 kW/rack (2007) Racks are not fully populated due to power/cooling constraints Fact - Increasing processor power Moore's law Fact - Energy cost going up 3 yr. energy cost equivalent to acquisition cost Fact - Iterative power life cycle Takes as much energy to cool computers as it takes to power them. Fact - Over-provisioning Most data centers are over-provisioned with cooling and still have hot spots November 2007 SubZero Engineering An Industry at the Crossroads Conflict between scaling IT demands and energy efficiency Server Efficiency is improving year after year Performance/Watt doubles every 2 years Power Density is Going Up
Improvements in sparse matrix/vector technique applications for on-line load flow calculation
Sparsity technique is applied to a wide range of problems in power systems analysis. In this paper the authors propose several analytical and computational improvements in sparsity applications. The new partial matrix refactorization method and ordering algorithm are presented. The proposed method is very efficient when applied to various kinds of programs, such as: on-line load flow, optimal power flow and steady-state security analysis. The proposed methodology is applied in a fast decoupled load flow program which include the treatment of tap violations on under-load tap changing (ULTC) transformers and reactive power generation on PV buses. Effects of proposed improvements are well tested and documented on the three networks: 118 bus IEEE test network and two utility networks with 209 and 519 buses, respectively. Keywords: sparsity technique, load flow analysis, security analysis.
Ristanovic, P.; Bjelogrlic, M.; Babic, B.S.
Statistical analysis of cascading failures in power grids
We introduce a new microscopic model of cascading failures in transmission power grids. This model accounts for automatic response of the grid to load fluctuations that take place on the scale of minutes, when optimum power flow adjustments and load shedding controls are unavailable. We describe extreme events, caused by load fluctuations, which cause cascading failures of loads, generators and lines. Our model is quasi-static in the causal, discrete time and sequential resolution of individual failures. The model, in its simplest realization based on the Directed Current description of the power flow problem, is tested on three standard IEEE systems consisting of 30, 39 and 118 buses. Our statistical analysis suggests a straightforward classification of cascading and islanding phases in terms of the ratios between average number of removed loads, generators and links. The analysis also demonstrates sensitivity to variations in line capacities. Future research challenges in modeling and control of cascading outages over real-world power networks are discussed.
Chertkov, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pfitzner, Rene [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Turitsyn, Konstantin [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Finsler geometric perspective on the bulk flow in the universe
Astronomical observations showed that there may exist a bulk flow with peculiar velocities in the universe, which contradicts with the (\\Lambda)CDM model. The bulk flow reveals that the observational universe is anisotropic at large scales. In fact, a more reliable observation on the anisotropy of spacetime comes from the CMB power spectra. The WMAP and Planck satellites both show that there is a hemispherical power asymmetry at large-angular scales. In this paper, we propose a "wind" scenario to the bulk flow (or the anisotropy of spacetime). Under the influence of the "wind", the spacetime metric could become a Finsler structure. By resolving the null geodesic equation, we obtain the modified luminosity distance, which has a dipolar form at the leading order. Thus, the "wind" describes well the bulk flow. In addition, we perform a least-(\\chi^2) fit to the data of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the Union2.1 compilation. The peculiar velocity of the bulk flow has an upper limit (v_{bulk}\\lesssim 4000 \\rm{km/s}), which is compatible with all the existing observational values.
Zhe Chang; Ming-Hua Li; Sai Wang
Priest Rapids Dam flow curtailment: Incident report, January 7, 1961
This incident report deals with mechanical damage (caused by falling rocks) to the power line supplying station power, Priest Rapids Dam lost all generating flow at 4:23 p.m., cutting discharge from 71,700 cfs to about 12,000 cfs. Within five minutes, spillway gates were opened, bringing river flow back to greater than 36,000 cfs in about 10 minutes. The flow at 181-B dropped from 72,000 cfs to a minimum of 56,000 cfs at about 5:25 p.m. Priest Rapids generators returned to service at 4:45 p.m., the indicated flow at the gauge reaching 71,700 cfs again at about 8:00 p.m. River temperatures at the gauge increased 0.5 C following the interruption, but not at 181-B. Prompt HAPO notification of the flow reduction as provided for in the agreement between the PUD and the AEC was not made on this occasion; the first notice came from the 251 Substation.
Kramer, H.A.; Corley, J.P.
Electron flow stability in magnetically insulated vacuum transmission lines.
We evaluate the stability of electron current flow in high-power magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs). A detailed model of electron flow in cross-field gaps yields a dispersion relation for electromagnetic (EM) transverse magnetic waves [R. C. Davidson et al., Phys. Fluids 27, 2332 (1984)] which is solved numerically to obtain growth rates for unstable modes in various sheath profiles. These results are compared with two-dimensional (2D) EM particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of electron flow in high-power MITLs. We find that the macroscopic properties (charge and current densities and self-fields) of the equilibrium profiles observed in the simulations are well represented by the laminar-flow model of Davidson et al. Idealized simulations of sheared flow in electron sheaths yield growth rates for both long (diocotron) and short (magnetron) wavelength instabilities that are in good agreement with the dispersion analysis. We conclude that electron sheaths that evolve self-consistently from space-charged-limited emission of electrons from the cathode in well-resolved 2D EM PIC simulations form stable profiles.
Genoni, Thomas C. (Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, NM); Stygar, William A.; Welch, Dale Robert (Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, NM); Clark, R. E. (Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, NM); Rose, David V. (Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, NM)
Electric Power Metrology News
... Next-generation "smart" electrical meters for residential and commercial ... NIST Team Demystifies Utility of Power Factor Correction Devices Release ...
Wind powering America: Colorado
This fact sheet contains information about green power programs in Colorado and a description of the Ponnequin Wind Farm.
O'Dell, K.
Concentrating Solar Power
Summarizes the goals and activities of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program efforts within its concentrating solar power subprogram.
disconnect switches, microprocessor relays, power transformers, surge arresters, and transformer bushings information resources management equipment and supplies such as monitors,...
Power Conversion System Architectures
... of Transformers � Vacuum Pressure Impregnated (VPI) � Oil Immersed � Cast Coil Transformer Configurations � Single winding 5/24/2012 Power ...
Soldier power. Battery charging.
Soldier power. Marine. Battery charging. Advertising. Remote. SOFC (NanoDynamics, AMI) 60 watts q SOFC #12;
Hong, Deog Ki
Superconducting Power Cables
Power cables constructed from superconducting materials are being realized in utility demonstrations within the United States. Cooled by liquid nitrogen, high temperature superconducting power cables can transfer large amounts of power through relatively small cross sections. The key to their high power capacity is the high current density inherent with superconductors; a superconducting wire can conduct several times as much current as copper or aluminum conductors of the same cross section. For the pas...
Search for fusion power
A brief review of the basics of fusion power is given. Both inertial confinement and magnetic confinement fusion are discussed.
Post, R.F.
UZ Flow Models and Submodels
The purpose of this report is to document the unsaturated zone (UZ) flow models and submodels, as well as the flow fields that have been generated using the UZ flow model(s) of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. In this report, the term ''UZ model'' refers to the UZ flow model and the several submodels, which include tracer transport, temperature or ambient geothermal, pneumatic or gas flow, and geochemistry (chloride, calcite, and strontium) submodels. The term UZ flow model refers to the three-dimensional models used for calibration and simulation of UZ flow fields. This work was planned in the ''Technical Work Plan (TWP) for: Unsaturated Zone Flow Analysis and Model Report Integration'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169654], Section 1.2.7). The table of included Features, Events, and Processes (FEPs), Table 6.2-11, is different from the list of included FEPs assigned to this report in the ''Technical Work Plan for: Unsaturated Zone Flow Analysis and Model Report Integration'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169654], Table 2.1.5-1), as discussed in Section 6.2.6. The UZ model has revised, updated, and enhanced the previous UZ model (BSC 2001 [DIRS 158726]) by incorporating the repository design with new grids, recalibration of property sets, and more comprehensive validation effort. The flow fields describe fracture-fracture, matrix-matrix, and fracture-matrix liquid flow rates, and their spatial distributions as well as moisture conditions in the UZ system. These three-dimensional UZ flow fields are used directly by Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA). The model and submodels evaluate important hydrogeologic processes in the UZ as well as geochemistry and geothermal conditions. These provide the necessary framework to test hypotheses of flow and transport at different scales, and predict flow and transport behavior under a variety of climatic conditions. In addition, the limitations of the UZ model are discussed in Section 8.11.
Y. Wu
Power Plant Cycling Costs
This report provides a detailed review of the most up to date data available on power plant cycling costs. The primary objective of this report is to increase awareness of power plant cycling cost, the use of these costs in renewable integration studies and to stimulate debate between policymakers, system dispatchers, plant personnel and power utilities.
Kumar, N.; Besuner, P.; Lefton, S.; Agan, D.; Hilleman, D.
Reliable algorithms for power system analysis in the presence of data uncertainties
A robust and reliable power flow analysis represents an essential requirement for many power systems applications as far as network optimization, voltage control, state estimation, and service restoration are concerned. The most common power flow approach, referred to here as a deterministic power flow (PLF), requires precise or 'crisp' values chosen by the analyst for each input variable. The solution provides precise network voltages and flows through each line. The specified values rest upon assumptions about the operating condition derived from historical measurements or predictions about future conditions and thus, cannot be considered accurate. Even in the case where the inputs are based on measurements, inaccuracies arise from time-skew problems, three-phase unbalance, static modeling approximations of dynamic components (e.g., transformer tap changers), variations in line parameters, and so on. The advent of deregulation and competitive power markets will only exacerbate this problem as well-known generation patterns change, loading becomes less predictable and the transmission paths grow more diverse. Conventional methodologies proposed in literature address tolerance analysis of power flow solution by means of detailed probabilistic methods, accounting for the variability and stochastic nature of the input data, and sampling based approaches. In particular uncertainty propagation using sampling based methods, such as the Monte Carlo, requires several model runs that sample various combinations of input values. Since the number of model runs can sometimes be very large, the required computer resources can sometimes be prohibitively expensive resulting in substantial computational demands. As far as probabilistic methods are concerned, they represent a useful tool, especially for planning studies, but, as evidenced by the many discussions reported in literature, they could reveal some shortcomings principally arising from: (1) the non-normal distribution and the statistical dependence of the input data; and (2) the difficulty arising in accurately identifying probability distributions for some input data, such as the power generated by wind or photovoltaic generators. All these could result in time consuming computations with several limitations in practical applications especially in power flow analysis of complex power networks. In order to try and overcome some of these limitations, obtaining thereby comprehensive power flow solution tolerance analysis at adequate computational costs, self validated computation could play a crucial role. Armed with such a vision, this chapter will analyze two advanced techniques for power flow analysis in the presence of data uncertainty namely the boundary power flow and the affine arithmetic power flow.
Dimitrovski, Aleksandar D [ORNL; Tomsovic, Kevin [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Vaccaro, Alfredo [University of Sannio
PEM fuel cells for transportation and stationary power generation applications
We describe recent activities at LANL devoted to polymer electrolyte fuel cells in the contexts of stationary power generation and transportation applications. A low cost/high performance hydrogen or reformate/air stack technology is being developed based on ultralow Pt loadings and on non-machined, inexpensive elements for flow-fields and bipolar plates. On board methanol reforming is compared to the option of direct methanol fuel cells because of recent significant power density increases demonstrated in the latter.
Cleghorn, S.J.; Ren, X.; Springer, T.E.; Wilson, M.S.; Zawodzinski, C.; Zawodzinski, T.A. Jr.; Gottesfeld, S.
Water Resource Trends and Implications for the Electric Power Industry
Water resources, both surface and groundwater, are subject to significant variation and change with respect to volume, flow, and quality. This report evaluates observed water resource trends within the United States and their implications for electric power generation. The report also addresses how individual companies have responded to these changes. The report will be of value to environment, generation, and planning managers within power companies, government agencies, and water resource stakeholders ...
Simulator demonstration of the interphase power controller technology
The paper reports on a simulator demonstration of the Interphase Power Controller (IPC) technology. The simulator models developed and the testing methodology are described. The main results confirm the basic attributes of the IPC (robust power flow control characteristic, fault current limitation and decoupling of the interconnected networks) and that the IPC can be built from conventional equipment. Random testing performed on the simulator proved to be useful in assessing the maximum stresses on the equipment.
Sybille, G.; Haj-Maharsi, Y. [Inst. de Recherche d`Hydro-Quebec, Varennes, Quebec (Canada)] [Inst. de Recherche d`Hydro-Quebec, Varennes, Quebec (Canada); Morin, G.; Beauregard, F.; Brochu, J.; Lemay, J.; Pelletier, P. [Centre d`Innovation sur le Transport d`Energie du Quebec, Varennes, Quebec (Canada)] [Centre d`Innovation sur le Transport d`Energie du Quebec, Varennes, Quebec (Canada)
Soft Magnetic Materials for High Power and High Frequency Power ...
Symposium, Advanced Materials for Power Electronics, Power Conditioning, and ... are in high demand for the next generation of miniaturized power electronics.
Wind Powering America Webinar: Wind Power Economics: Past, Present...
Power Economics: Past, Present, and Future Trends Wind Powering America Webinar: Wind Power Economics: Past, Present, and Future Trends November 23, 2011 - 1:43pm Addthis Wind...
Generation of multiscale magnetic field by parity-invariant time-periodic flows
We study generation of magnetic fields involving large spatial scales by time- and space-periodic small-scale parity-invariant flows. The anisotropic magnetic eddy diffusivity tensor is calculated by the standard procedure involving expansion of magnetic modes and their growth rates in power series in the scale ratio. Our simulations, conducted for flows with random harmonic composition and exponentially decaying energy spectra, demonstrate that enlargement of the spatial scale of magnetic field is beneficial for generation by time-periodic flows. However, they turn out, in general, to be less efficient dynamos, than steady flows.
V. A. Zheligovsky; O. M. Podvigina
Recent Progress in Redox Flow Battery Research and Development
With the increase need to seamlessly integrate the renewable energy with the current grid which itself is evolving into a more intelligent, efficient, and capable electrical power system, it is envisioned that the energy storage system will play a more prominent role in bridging the gap between the current technology and a clean sustainable future in grid reliability and utilization. Redox flow battery technology is leading the way in this perspective in providing a well balanced approach for current challenges. Recent progress in the research and development of redox flow battery technology is reviewed here with a focus on new chemistries and systems.
Wang, Wei; Luo, Qingtao; Li, Bin; Wei, Xiaoliang; Li, Liyu; Yang, Zhenguo
Magnetically insulated theory with both electron and ion flows
Both the ion emission from anode surface and the electron emission from cathode surface may occur in the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) with a very high pulsed power and a very large current density. A model for the MITL with both electron and ion flow is developed. In this model, physical quantities (such as space-charge sheath thicknesses and flow currents) in the MITL are theoretically analyzed, and the specific expression for the voltage on the line by the terms of currents is derived. Furthermore, particle-in-cell simulations are carried out to verify the theoretical results.
Wang Huihui; Meng Lin; Liu Dagang; Liu Laqun; Yang Chao [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China)
Geothermal loan guaranty cash flow model: description and users' manual
This is the users guide for the Geothermal Loan Guaranty Cash Flow Model (GCFM). GCFM is a Fortran code which designs and costs geothermal fields and electric power plants. It contains a financial analysis module which performs life cycle costing analysis taking into account various types of taxes, costs and financial structures. The financial module includes a discounted cash flow feature which calculates a levelized breakeven price for each run. The user's guide contains descriptions of the data requirements and instructions for using the model.
Keimig, M.A.; Rosenberg, J.I.; Entingh, D.J.
Three Phase Probabilistic Load Flow in Radial Distribution Networks
Probabilistic load flow is a helpful tool in accounting for inconsistent or unknown loads and generation. This is especially true with the push for renewable generation and demand response. This paper proposes an improved version of the probabilistic load flow solution for balanced distribution systems and takes the next step by applying it to unbalanced three phase systems. It is validated by comparing the solutions to that obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method provides an accurate and practical way for finding the solution to the stochastic problems occurring in power distribution system analysis today.
Melhorn, Alexander C [ORNL; Dimitrovski, Aleksandar D [ORNL; Tomsovic, Kevin L [ORNL
Simulation analysis of within-day flow fluctuation effects on trout below flaming Gorge Dam.
In addition to being renewable, hydropower has the advantage of allowing rapid load-following, in that the generation rate can easily be varied within a day to match the demand for power. However, the flow fluctuations that result from load-following can be controversial, in part because they may affect downstream fish populations. At Flaming Gorge Dam, located on the Green River in northeastern Utah, concern has been raised about whether flow fluctuations caused by the dam disrupt feeding at a tailwater trout fishery, as fish move in response to flow changes and as the flow changes alter the amount or timing of the invertebrate drift that trout feed on. Western Area Power Administration (Western), which controls power production on submonthly time scales, has made several operational changes to address concerns about flow fluctuation effects on fisheries. These changes include reducing the number of daily flow peaks from two to one and operating within a restricted range of flows. These changes significantly reduce the value of the power produced at Flaming Gorge Dam and put higher load-following pressure on other power plants. Consequently, Western has great interest in understanding what benefits these restrictions provide to the fishery and whether adjusting the restrictions could provide a better tradeoff between power and non-power concerns. Directly evaluating the effects of flow fluctuations on fish populations is unfortunately difficult. Effects are expected to be relatively small, so tightly controlled experiments with large sample sizes and long study durations would be needed to evaluate them. Such experiments would be extremely expensive and would be subject to the confounding effects of uncontrollable variations in factors such as runoff and weather. Computer simulation using individual-based models (IBMs) is an alternative study approach for ecological problems that are not amenable to analysis using field studies alone. An IBM simulates how a population responds to environmental changes by representing how the population's individuals interact with their environment and each other. IBMs represent key characteristics of both individual organisms (trout, in this case) and the environment, thus allowing controlled simulation experiments to analyze the effects of changes in the key variables. For the flow fluctuation problem at Flaming Gorge Dam, the key environmental variables are flow rates and invertebrate drift concentrations, and the most important processes involve how trout adapt to changes (over space and time) in growth potential and mortality risk. This report documents simulation analyses of flow fluctuation effects on trout populations. The analyses were conducted in a highly controlled fashion: an IBM was used to predict production (survival and growth) of trout populations under a variety of scenarios that differ only in the level or type of flow fluctuation.
Railsback, S. F.; Hayse, J. W.; LaGory, K. E.; Environmental Science Division; EPRI
California energy flow in 1989
California's energy use showed a modest increase (2.2%) in 1989 over 1988 which was in keeping with the steady increase in population that the state has experienced annually during the decade. All end-use sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, etc.) contributed to the growth. The larger demand was met by increased imports of all major fuels. Only electrical imports remained close to 1988 levels, in part due to increased output from Diablo Canyon nuclear plant whose performance exceeded expectations. California's per capita energy consumption has traditionally been below the national average due to the relatively benign climate associated with its centers of population. The largest single use for energy in the state was for transportation which overtook industrial usage in the 60's. Use of highway fuels continued to grow and reached all time highs in 1989. Highway congestion, a major problem and concern in the state, is anticipated to grow as the number of licensed drivers increases; in 1989 the increase was 3.4%. Output from the The Geysers Geothermal fields, the largest in the world, continued to falter as the steam output fell. Nonetheless new resources at the Coso Geothermal Resource Area and at the Wendel Geothermal field came on line during the year, and other geothermal areas were under active development. Novel sources of renewable energy (solar, wind, etc.) grew; however, collectively they made only a small contribution to the overall energy supply. Cogenerated electricity sold to the utilities by small power producers inexplicably fell in 1989 although estimates of the total capacity available rose. Energy flow diagrams illustrate energy sources and energy consumption.
Strategic stockpiling of power system supplies for disaster recovery
This paper studies the Power System Stochastic Storage Problem (PSSSP), a novel application in power restoration which consists of deciding how to store power system components throughout a populated area to maximize the amount of power served after disaster restoration. The paper proposes an exact mixed-integer formulation for the linearized DC power flow model and a general column-generation approach. Both formulations were evaluated experimentally on benchmarks using the electrical power infrastructure of the United States and disaster scenarios generated by state-of-the-art hurricane simulation tools similar to those used by the National Hurricane Center. The results show that the column-generation algorithm produces near-optimal solutions quickly and produces orders of magnitude speedups over the exact formulation for large benchmarks. Moreover, both the exact and the column-generation formulations produce significant improvements over greedy approach and hence should yield significant benefits in practice.
Bent, Russell W [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Coffrein, Carleton [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Van Hentenryck, Pascal [BROWN UNIV
Radial flow heat exchanger
A radial flow heat exchanger (20) having a plurality of first passages (24) for transporting a first fluid (25) and a plurality of second passages (26) for transporting a second fluid (27). The first and second passages are arranged in stacked, alternating relationship, are separated from one another by relatively thin plates (30) and (32), and surround a central axis (22). The thickness of the first and second passages are selected so that the first and second fluids, respectively, are transported with laminar flow through the passages. To enhance thermal energy transfer between first and second passages, the latter are arranged so each first passage is in thermal communication with an associated second passage along substantially its entire length, and vice versa with respect to the second passages. The heat exchangers may be stacked to achieve a modular heat exchange assembly (300). Certain heat exchangers in the assembly may be designed slightly differently than other heat exchangers to address changes in fluid properties during transport through the heat exchanger, so as to enhance overall thermal effectiveness of the assembly.
Valenzuela, Javier (Hanover, NH)
Fluid flow monitoring device
This invention consists of a flow meter and temperature measuring device comprising a tube with a body centered therein for restricting flow and a sleeve at the upper end of the tube to carry several channels formed longitudinally in the sleeve to the appropriate axial location where they penetrate the tube to allow pressure measurements and temperature measurements with thermocouples. The high pressure measurement is made using a channel penetrating the tube away from the body and the low pressure measurement is made at a location at the widest part of the body. An end plug seals the end of the device and holes at its upper end allow fluid to pass from the interior of the tube into a plenum. The channels are made by cutting grooves in the sleeve, the grooves widened at the surface of the sleeve and then a strip of sleeve material is welded to the grooves closing the channels. Preferably the sleeve is packed with powdered graphite before cutting the grooves and welding the strips.
McKay, M.D.; Sweeney, C.E.
Ellipsoidal cell flow system
The disclosure relates to a system incorporating an ellipsoidal flow chamber having light reflective walls for low level light detection in practicing cellular analysis. The system increases signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of ten over prior art systems. In operation, laser light passes through the primary focus of the ellipsoid. A controlled flow of cells simultaneously passes through this focus so that the laser light impinges on the cells and is modulated by the cells. The reflective walls of the ellipsoid reflect the cell-modulated light to the secondary focus of the ellipsoid. A tapered light guide at the secondary focus picks up a substantial portion of modulated reflective light and directs it onto a light detector to produce a signal. The signal is processed to obtain the intensity distribution of the modulated light and hence sought after characteristics of the cells. In addition, cells may be dyed so as to fluoresce in response to the laser light and their fluorescence may be processed as cell-modulated light above described. A light discriminating filter would be used to distinguish reflected modulated laser light from reflected fluorescent light.
Salzman, Gary C. (Los Alamos, NM); Mullaney, Paul F. (Los Alamos, NM)
Use of Mass- and Area-Dimensional Power Laws for Determining Precipitation Particle Terminal Velocities
Based on boundary layer theory and a comparison of empirical power laws relating the Reynolds and Best numbers, it was apparent that the primary variables governing a hydrometeor's terminal velocity were its mass, its area projected to the flow, ...
David L. Mitchell
On the Patterns of Wind-Power Input to the Ocean Circulation
Pathways of wind-power input into the ocean general circulation are analyzed using Ekman theory. Direct rates of wind work can be calculated through the wind stress acting on the surface geostrophic flow. However, because ...
Roquet, Fabien
Pathways of wind-power input into the ocean general circulation are analyzed using Ekman theory. Direct rates of wind work can be calculated through the wind stress acting on the surface geostrophic flow. However, because that energy is ...
Fabien Roquet; Carl Wunsch; Gurvan Madec
The N ? k Problem in Power Grids: New Models, Formulations and ...
to the N ? k problem with AC power flows, the authors formulate a linear mixed- integer program to solve ...... There is a sense (see e.g. [23]) that recent real- world.
A retrofit 60 Hz current sensor for non-intrusive power monitoring at the circuit breaker
We present a new sensor for power monitoring that measures current flow in a circuit breaker without permanent modification of the breaker panel or the circuit breaker itself. The sensor consists of three parts: an inductive ...
Clifford, Zachary
A retrot current sensor for non-intrusive power monitoring at the circuit breaker
This thesis presents a new sensor for power monitoring that measures current flow in a circuit breaker without permanent modification of the breaker panel or the circuit breaker itself. At the breaker panel, an inductive ...
Vickery, Daniel Robert
Power factors revealed
When it comes to power, not all electric appliances are equal. To find out how much power an appliance consumes, energy auditors occasionally multiply line voltage by the current reading obtained from a clamp-on ammeter. However, depending on the appliance, this simple calculation will not always reflect true power usages. Since utilities bill only for true energy usage, residential energy audits should reflect the true power usage. This article explains in detail measuring power usage, ending with a number of suggestions including use of a wattmeter rather than a ammeter. 2 figs.
Brule, P.
ADEPT: Efficient Power Conversion
ADEPT Project: In today�s increasingly electrified world, power conversion�the process of converting electricity between different currents, voltage levels, and frequencies�forms a vital link between the electronic devices we use every day and the sources of power required to run them. The 14 projects that make up ARPA-E�s ADEPT Project, short for �Agile Delivery of Electrical Power Technology,� are paving the way for more energy efficient power conversion and advancing the basic building blocks of power conversion: circuits, transistors, inductors, transformers, and capacitors.
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Electric Power Monthly > Electric Power Monthly Back Issues Electric Power Monthly > Electric Power Monthly Back Issues Electric Power Monthly Back Issues Monthly Excel files zipped 2010 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2009 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2008 January February March March Supplement April May June July August September October November December 2007 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2006 January February March April May June July August September October November December 2005 January February March April May June July August September October November December
Method and apparatus for measuring the momentum, energy, power, and power density profile of intense particle beams
A method and apparatus for determining the power, momentum, energy, and power density profile of high momentum mass flow. Small probe projectiles of appropriate size, shape and composition are propelled through an intense particle beam at equal intervals along an axis perpendicular to the beam direction. Probe projectiles are deflected by collisions with beam particles. The net beam-induced deflection of each projectile is measured after it passes through the intense particle beam into an array of suitable detectors.
Gammel, George M. (Merrick, NY); Kugel, Henry W. (Somerset, NJ)
A method and apparatus for determining the power, momentum, energy, and power density profile for high momentum mass flow. Small probe projectiles of appropriate size, shape and composition are propelled through an intense particle beam at equal intervals along an axis perpendicular to the beam direction. Probe projectiles are deflected by collisions with beam particles. The net beam-induced deflection of each projectile is measured after it passes through the intense particle beam into an array of suitable detectors.
Gammel, G.M.; Kugel, H.W.
Multimode power processor
In one embodiment, a power processor which operates in three modes: an inverter mode wherein power is delivered from a battery to an AC power grid or load; a battery charger mode wherein the battery is charged by a generator; and a parallel mode wherein the generator supplies power to the AC power grid or load in parallel with the battery. In the parallel mode, the system adapts to arbitrary non-linear loads. The power processor may operate on a per-phase basis wherein the load may be synthetically transferred from one phase to another by way of a bumpless transfer which causes no interruption of power to the load when transferring energy sources. Voltage transients and frequency transients delivered to the load when switching between the generator and battery sources are minimized, thereby providing an uninterruptible power supply. The power processor may be used as part of a hybrid electrical power source system which may contain, in one embodiment, a photovoltaic array, diesel engine, and battery power sources.
O' Sullivan, George A. (Pottersville, NJ); O' Sullivan, Joseph A. (St. Louis, MO)
In one embodiment, a power processor which operates in three modes: an inverter mode wherein power is delivered from a battery to an AC power grid or load; a battery charger mode wherein the battery is charged by a generator; and a parallel mode wherein the generator supplies power to the AC power grid or load in parallel with the battery. In the parallel mode, the system adapts to arbitrary non-linear loads. The power processor may operate on a per-phase basis wherein the load may be synthetically transferred from one phase to another by way of a bumpless transfer which causes no interruption of power to the load when transferring energy sources. Voltage transients and frequency transients delivered to the load when switching between the generator and battery sources are minimized, thereby providing an uninterruptible power supply. The power processor may be used as part of a hybrid electrical power source system which may contain, in one embodiment, a photovoltaic array, diesel engine, and battery power sources. 31 figs.
O' Sullivan, G.A.; O' Sullivan, J.A.
6 Northern Power Systems, Inc 6 Northern Power Systems, Inc Northern Power Systems 182 Mad River Park Waitsfield, VT 05673 Ultracapacitor EnergyBridge(tm) UPS for Palmdale Water District DOE/ESS PEER Review November 3, 2006 11/03/2006 Northern Power Systems, Inc © 2006 2 Northern Power Distributed Energy Systems Corp (NASDAQ:DESC) Energy Solutions since 1974 Products, Systems and Services Divisions Hundreds of Projects around the World HQ and Manufacturing in Vermont Regional offices in NY, TX, CA, England, and Mexico 11/03/2006 Northern Power Systems, Inc © 2006 3 Project Overview CEC - California Energy Commission Funding agency Palmdale Water District Award recipient, host site Northern Power Technology provider Black & Veatch Owner's engineer
Solar thermal power
Solar thermal power is produced by three types of concentrating systems, which utilize parabolic troughs, dishes, and heliostats as the solar concentrators. These systems are at various levels of development and commercialization in the United States and in Europe. The U.S. Industry is currently developing these systems for export at the end of this century and at the beginning of the next one for remote power, village electrification, and grid-connected power. U.S. utilities are not forecasting to need power generation capacity until the middle of the first decade of the 21{sup st} century. At that time, solar thermal electric power systems should be cost competitive with conventional power generation in some unique U.S. markets. In this paper, the authors describe the current status of the development of trough electric, dish/engine, and power tower solar generation systems. 46 refs., 20 figs., 8 tabs.
Mancini, T.R.; Kolb, G.J.; Prairie, M.R. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Photovoltaic power conditioning subsystem: state of the art and development opportunities
Photovoltaic sytems, the state of the art of power conditioning subsystem components, and the design and operational interaction between photovoltaic systems and hot utilities are detailed in this document. Major technical issues relating to the design and development of power conditioning systems for photovoltaic application are also considered, including: (1) standards, guidelines, and specifications; (2) cost-effective hardware design; (3) impact of advanced components on power conditioning development; (4) protection and safety; (5) quality of power; (6) system efficiency; and (7) system integration with the host utility. In addition, theories of harmonic distortion and reactive power flow are discussed, and information about power conditioner hardware and manufacturers is provided.
Krauthamer, S.; Bahrami, K.; Das, R.; Macie, T.; Rippel, W.
Green Power Network: News Archive
Principle Power | Open Energy Information
Principle Power Place San Francisco, California Zip 94120 Sector Renewable Energy Product Principle Power is a global independent power producer committed to delivering green,...
Heat gain from power panelboard.
??This thesis focuses on estimating the power loss from power panelboards by means of power loss models. The model is intended to be used by� (more)
Piesciorovsky, Emilio Carlos
Energy Harvesting Aware Power Management
and J. Schiller, �Utilizing solar power in wireless sensorthat only the actual solar power available, and not anyconverted to electric power using solar cells. The magnitude
Kansal, Aman; Srivastava, Mani B
Southwestern Power Administration One West...
of the United States Department of Energy Southwestern Power Administration Strategic Plan March 2013 Administrator's Message The Southwestern Power Administration powers the...