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More Sizes: 12-in., 8-in. |
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- Calphalon Unison Nonstick 2-pc. 8" & 10" Omelette Pan Set
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- $225.00$69.95
- Calphalon Unison Nonstick 10-pc. Cookware Set
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Calphalon Unison Nonstick 10-in. Omelette Pan
This product is dishwasher safe.
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- The flat, heavy-bottom pan has a wide surface to provide even heat. The sloped sides are designed for easy tossing and rolling.
- Free your culinary spirit with Calphalon® Unison™ Nonstick. At last, nonstick cookware that lets you cook like a professional. Two surfaces make the difference.
- 100% Dishwasher safe.
- Cook with confidence no matter what you have on the menu. Experiment with a new dish or cook your tried-and-true favorites with ease. The revolutionary Calphalon Unison Slide Nonstick surface releases foods effortlessly, making even the most demanding cul
- Cook with little or no oils, butter or fats.
- For the perfect pair, look for Calphalon Unison™ cookware with Sear Nonstick. Its specially textured nonstick surface seals in flavor to create juicy braised beef, tuna and vegetables.
- Lifetime Warranty
- Oven safe to 500ºF / 260ºC
- Stay-cool stainless steel long handle.
- The revolutionary, ultra-smooth SLIDE NONSTICK surface releases foods effortlessly and is ideal for omelettes, eggs and crêpes; frying breaded fish, meat and poultry as well as croque-monsieur, cheese sandwiches and crab cakes.
Recipes for This Product
Nonstick, oh yeah!
Everything just slides right off, with very little oil. Never seen anything like it. Use it for all kinds of foods, meats, vegetables that need to be seared, sauteed, etc. (not just omelettes).
- Yes,
- I recommend this product.
Scratched easily, not sure what happened!
We received this pan set from a relative at Christmas (to replace a cheapy set that was worn in and scratch after over 5 years) and have only had it for about 2 and a half months. I recently noticed some shallow scratches on both pans. I know there were no scratches when we got them. I hand wash with a cloth dishrag and have never used anything abrasive on them. I have used wooden utensils almost exclusively- otherwise, only nylon, as per the care instructions. They could not have been scratched during storage, as they are hung up when not in use. No one in the household other than myself dare use my beautiful new pans, so I know only wooden and nylon utensils have been used. I really want to love these- they are beautiful and cook so evenly- and nothing sticks! Clean up is a dream. But I'm appalled that we already have light scratches after less than 3 months! I'm wondering if ours was defective...
- Yes,
- I recommend this product.
A must have for any kitchen!
I love this pan. It is the best pan I have ever bought. We use it every day. It cleans up so quick and easy. I think every kitchen should have this pan because it makes cooking fun and easy. One big thing to remember is don't use PAM in this pan. The handle is great and I even use it as a spoon rest for spoons that are not dripping. It works great. This pan is just a great design all the way around.
- Yes,
- I recommend this product.
If I can find the eggs, I will let you know
Great pan. I love the clear top lid. It lets me view the eggs as I cook them to perfection. Nice and slow on low heat with the cover on. No need to flip them. The whites get cook too opec conditions while the yoke stays up and sunny. The eggs slipped out on me and have yet to be found, but they were so delicious. I have been rating these pans at 4 because of the deposits they leave behind. They are difficult to clean requiring a more coarse scruber than recommended by the stove top manufacturer. So far there are no scratches on the stove top from using the coarse scrubber.


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Cityscape Dubai, as Cityscape Global was known previously, has come a long way since its first edition in 2002. The premier real-estate event has been witness to the phenomenal growth of Dubai's real-estate market and the challenges brought about by the global downturn. While looking for companies that have made an impression with their consistent participation at the exhibition, we came across Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL), the global real-estate services firm, a loyal participant from 2004 onwards.
Property | UAE
Building long-term ties at Cityscape
Jones Lang LaSalle is making its mark as a consistent participant at every Cityscape since 2004
- Image Credit: Kishore Kumar/ANM archive
- The Jones Lang LaSalle stand at Cityscape Global last year.
Being an integral part of Cityscape for such a long time, JLL is in a position to look at the event in the light of the market transformation. "Cityscape [today] is about building long-term relationships, and not about making direct sales. When market conditions are depressed, developing and maturing relationships with clients, suppliers and other market participants becomes even more critical," says Bansrelal Goshichand, marketing manager at JLL.
Things were not much different when the first Cityscape was held in Dubai in 2002. It was all about an integrated approach to planned developments where all involved would have the opportunity to know each other and work together. The show created much interest in the industry, considering that the property sector in the UAE was at that time moving towards a certain degree of sophistication. Cityscape became a binding force and, two years later, this is what made JLL participate in the event. "Cityscape was the only platform which brought real-estate experts, developers, investors and tenants all together at one location," recalls Bansrelal.
Serious enquiries
With property-related companies coming together under one roof, it became much easier for investors to seek out what's available in the market. The result was
a spike in the number of enquiries. JLL experienced this in 2004, in its first year of participation, which helped bolster its business-development prospects.
"While there is no way of tracking deals directly to our attendance at Cityscape, we have found that participation does generate a large number of serious enquiries. We received more than 100 leads and contacts from our attendance at the Global Cityscape in Dubai in 2009. The extent to which these leads resulted in deals or direct business to JLL is not possible to quantify, but generating such leads is clearly an important aspect of business development," says Bansrelal.
Having seen the early years of Cityscape when activity was considerably low key, it was a dramatic change that was seen when the market peaked in 2008. For JLL, the mood was "rather schizophrenic". "While many of the presentations in the conference were addressing the impact of the global financial crisis on Mena [Middle East and North Africa] real-estate markets, developers in the exhibition continued to unveil larger and more ambitious projects. This shows the time lag often associated with real-estate markets and the difficulty of adjusting large multi-year construction projects to volatile market conditions," says Bansrelal.
The sentiment towards the Dubai real-estate market changed dramatically between the 2008 and 2009 events. According to Bansrelal, the change in sentiment is reflected in Jones Lang LaSalle's Real Estate Investor Sentiment Index, which shows the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008-09 on Dubai and that "many occupiers and investors subsequently switched their attention to other markets in the Mena region, notably Saudi Arabia."
Shifting focus
There was greater emphasis on regional and global markets from 2009 onwards, unlike in previous years when there was evidently a more localised focus on the Dubai market. At this point, Cityscape also became much more business-to-business (B2B) orientated compared with the events in 2007 and 2008 in which all the effort was concentrated on sales of real estate to investors and speculators. Cityscape has now turned into a clear indicator of where the market currently stands on a comparative scale in the region. "Cityscape Global does not affect market conditions, it reflects them," says Craig Plumb, head of research, Mena at JLL. "It provides real-estate players from Dubai with the opportunity to assess how the city compares to other markets across the GCC and the broader Mena region."
The Dubai market is suffering from excess supply, causing prices to decline to more competitive levels. "Given that much of the demand required to fill this excess supply will come from outside the emirate, Cityscape Global offers local developers the opportunity to demonstrate the potential attractions of investing in the city at these more competitive price levels." JLL's latest survey of real-estate investor sentiment shows that most investment in Dubai is coming from 'backyard investors' from within the Mena region. "Given the on-going instability of many other markets across the region, Cityscape Global offers the opportunity for Dubai to showcase its attraction as a relatively stable and well-regulated real-estate investment environment, supported by completed physical and social infrastructure," says Craig.
Business Editor's choice
Silicon Valley knows it's got a gender problem
It still operates on a boys' club rules and putting up glass ceilings all over
Carving up value from Dubai staff accommodation
More developers and big employers realise value of owning their own staffing units
Dubai still favoured by ultra-rich
London and New York top rankings of most important city while Dubai is in eighth

subset: commoncrawl


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Amery, Polk County (Hwy 46/keller/Wisconsin) |
2 Bedroom House, Room for Rent, USD 400/month |
This House was archived by the landlord. Use the "More Rentals" tab to view similar rentals. |
HOME SHARE* best suited for professional seeking temporary or transitional housing
Respondent should be kind hearted, well mannered, clean, respectful and be able to provide impeccable references. Clean and scenic riverfront home. Pleasant environment. Nice neighbors and neighborhood. Walk to downtown Amery. Minutes to ARMC. Home is fully furnished and well equipped. Furnished bedroom has 2 twin beds and full bath adjoining bedroom. Parking is on street. No storage though rental storage units are nearby. Homeowner lives about 1 hour away and is on-site about 1x-2x per month. should have complete confidence that home is well cared for in my absence. There is a renter in the lower level of this 1250sf, two story home, and it is imperative that the person in my home is quiet and respectful of lower level tenants quality of environment, too.
Listing Summary: 400 per month furnished room for rent in 2 bedroom 2 bath House for rent in Amery, Polk County, Northern WI, Hwy 46/keller, Wisconsin posted by Owner


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Showing 1-24 of 308 items found in Food & Drink
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Rainforest Cafe
A wild place to shop and eat! Dine among dolphins, monkeys, gorillas and the tropical fish of the rainforest. Rainforest Cafe serves American cuisine with adventurous flair, such as Jungle Steak and Shrimp, Tribal Salmon, and Mojo Bones slow roasted spareribs. Inquire about special group bookings and Birthday Bash celebrations.
CITY: Schaumburg
Maggiano's Little Italy
Maggiano's Little Italy invites you to enjoy authentic, scratch-made Italian-American cuisine in our restaurant or banquet facilities. Bring the family in for dinner or have your next party at one of our banquet facilities.
CITY: Schaumburg
R & V Italian Market & Deli
Italian Market & Deli serving authentic homemade Italian recipes daily. The full deli offers sandwiches, salads, soups, pizza, fresh bread, and an Italian bakery. Also enjoy shopping the specialty grocery store's olive oils, pesto, gift baskets and many Italian favorites.
CITY: Lake Forest
Javier's Sabor Mexicano
Javier's Sabor Mexicano is an everyday celebration of fresh food, margaritas and a large selection of fine tequila. This Mexican restaurant has been around since 1967. Consistency, Quality, and Generous portions are what keeps everyone coming back. Javier's Sabor Mexicano features four separate dining rooms and a full service bar for your dining pleasure as well as private parties and special events.
CITY: Arlington Heights
Gus's Diner
Gus's Diner is the perfect stop for breakfast, lunch, and dinner! Conveniently located in Rolling Meadows, you can have your pick of pancakes or a burger all day long.
CITY: Rolling Meadows
La Quiringua
La Quiringua in Rolling Meadows is an authentic Mexican restaurant and bar. Open late and offering Karaoke Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday nights from 10pm-2am sets it apart from the competition!
CITY: Rolling Meadows
Bisi African Restaurant
What started as a dream at age 6 is now a reality in the form of Bisi African Restaurant. Bisi was raised by her grandmother who taught her the secrets and art of African cuisine and has over 20 years of experience preparing various African dishes. Your food is guaranteed to be fresh from the meat type to fresh produce because just like our slogan,"Fresh ingredients make delicious food".
CITY: Schaumburg
Bistro Chen
In Chinese culture, quality and health are more than just values, they're traditions. Everything on our menu is made to order with these two traditions in mind. We've brought the finest Dim Sum chefs in from Chinatown, and let them loose in our kitchen, to create an authentic Dim Sum selection rarely found in the suburbs.
CITY: Arlington Heights
Once we hand over your juicy masterpiece of a burger, you take it from there to Fuddruckers legendary Build Your Own® market fresh produce bar. It's stocked full of sun-ripened tomatoes, hand-leafed lettuce, sliced onions, dill pickles, pico de gallo, Fudds cheese sauce and lots of other fantastic fixins -- so go ahead, pile it high and make it all yours.
CITY: Schaumburg
On the Border Mexican Grill & Cantina
Today, you can get your hands on fresh-pressed tortillas, chips as big as your head, margaritas worth their salt, tableside guacamole and fresh Border-style food, all thanks to three pals—and a little tequila.
CITY: Schaumburg
Buffalo Wild Wings
Three things: Wings. Beer. Sports.™ Why do those three things matter to us so much? Because that's what our fans want, and that's what we're all about—making our fans happy. No matter how many locations we've opened, where our corporate headquarters are or how many years we've been around one thing remains the same: Buffalo Wild Wings® is the ultimate place to get together with you friends, watch sports, drink beer and eat wings.
CITY: Schaumburg
Jameson's Charhouse
At Jameson's we bring you the same wonderful experiences we grew up on: from our warm Greek hospitality; to the authentic aromas in our open kitchen; to our flavorful, handmade recipes passed down for more than 3 generations.
CITY: Arlington Heights
Stonewood Ale House
Stonewood Ale House is the perfect balance between a classic restaurant and a great bar. Our extensive menu and comfortable atmosphere attracts a strong lunch and dinner clientele, while also appealing to a solid after work and late night bar crowd.
CITY: Schaumburg
The Greek Village
Come find a taste of Greece! Try traditional specialties like Leg of Lamb, Pastichio, Spanakotiropita, Dolmades, Loukoumades, and Moussaka. Belly Dancer every Friday and Saturday night followed by Live Music. Semi-private dining with party packages.
CITY: Schaumburg
California Pizza Kitchen
California Pizza Kitchen is a casual-dining restaurant serving up California creativity through its innovative menu items. CPK provides a range of inspired dishes, from hearth-baked pizzas, to creative salads, pastas, entrees, soups and sandwiches. Offering dine-in, take-out, catering, online ordering and an award-winning CPKids Menu.
CITY: Schaumburg
Cocina Tricolore
Family owned and operated restaurant featuring Italian and Mexican dishes at an affordable price.
CITY: Arlington Heights
Bangkok Cafe
Serving authentic, home style Thai Cuisine to Chicago's Northwest Suburbs since 1994. We offer traditional flavors that delight your taste buds and warm your soul. Fresh from our kitchen to your table.
CITY: Arlington Heights
Palm Court
Since 1979, the Sellis family has created an imaginative and tantalizing menu combining American cuisine with European influences. Quality fresh seafood, including Dover Sole is expertly prepared and served at your table. Skilled chefs prepare steaks to your liking. Stop by Palm Court and enjoy the piano lounge and a drink!
CITY: Arlington Heights
LongHorn Steakhouse
LongHorn welcomes guests into a warm, relaxing atmosphere reminiscent of a Western rancher's home where friendly, attentive servers help them unwind and savor a great steakhouse meal.
CITY: Schaumburg
MT Barrels
MT Barrels, a Schaumburg sports bar/ live music venue that serves great food accompanied by a multi-faceted beer menu consisting of 20 drafts, over 30 bottles and multiple barrel aged scotches, Bourbons and Tequilas.
CITY: Schaumburg
Pilot Pete's
Caribbean setting with the view of Schaumburg airport. Great steaks, seafood and pasta. Great for groups, banquet facility up to 60 people.
CITY: Schaumburg
Tokio Pub
Tokio Pub blends the eclectic flavors of Japanese and American Pub cuisine, served in a richly-hued dining room with lively music, friendly service & a fun atmosphere.The flavors of Japan, Latin America and the U S of A are combined to create a unique pub menu. Try specialty Sushi, Tacos & our Signature Hot Rock. Don't forget to indulge in the House-made Ramen Noodle Bowls or Tokio Pub's famous Ramen Burger.
CITY: Schaumburg
Sam's of Arlington
Sam's of Arlington is the perfect venue for any occasion. Our menu is based on a distinguished list of homemade recipes that use only high quality ingredients. Our impressive full-service bar is always kept stocked so you can enjoy a cold one while you take in the big game.
CITY: Arlington Heights
Sushi Station
There is always a first time for everything and our restaurant is not an exception. If you are new to Sushi Station, you may find our serving system to be very different from others. This is called "Kaiten (revolving) Sushi" and it is very popular in Japan.
CITY: Rolling Meadows


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NEW PATHWAYS INC Reviews
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November 4, 2010
I was introduced to New Pathways through a project for my school. I was incredibly impressed with how each member of the New Pathways board thoroughly utilizes their own life experiences, and their expertise from their professional life to enhance the program. The change that New Pathways creates in the world is of benefit to all! By helping young adults who are transitioning out of foster care (as well as other "at risk" young adults) learn important life skills, as well as providing an independent living situation, New Pathways is helping to make their clients responsible, self-reliant, and successful people. I feel lucky to have had the opportunity to work with such an amazing organization, and hopefully assist with their future success.
The Great!
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
interacting with their former clients and hearing their stories. The graduates of the program that I spoke with understood and wanted to share how much of an impact New Pathways had provided in making their lives successful.
Ways to make it better...
If I had to make changes to this organization, I would...
There is no way I would change them. I would like to help them get more funding, because there are so many at-risk young adults in Maryland who could be helped with their services.
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Through the University of Baltimore
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Jamie Saettele, CMT has been an active trader since 2005, is co-founder of SB Trade Desk, and Senior Technical Strategist at Forex Capital Markets in New York and author of Sentiment in the Forex Market. Risk Disclaimer: http://goo.gl/CR5SFz
Trading foreign exchange on margin carries a high level of risk, and may not be suitable for all investors. The high degree of leverage can work against you as well as for you. Before deciding to trade fo... more


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I receive a newsletter weekly from my Chief of Police. The following was one of the items posted on the letter. The guy that was pulled over didnt do carry permit holders any good by his conduct. Why would you not tell the officer you had a gun in the glove compartment before reaching into it.
Where are you keeping a gun?
Nothing gets the adrenalin pumping in an officer faster than the site of a gun during a routine traffic stop. Such was the case at 2:00 AM on May 6th when Officer Adam Tschida stopped a vehicle on CR#42 at Pennock Avenue after he witnessed the vehicle make an illegal lane change. Adam walked up to the drivers window and greeted the driver. He then asked to see the drivers license and proof of insurance. All pretty standard stuff.
The driver leaned over to the glove box and opened it, presumably to take out his insurance card. As he did so Adam caught the glimpse of a pistol. Well Adam drew his handgun, ordered the driver to stop and then ordered him out of the vehicle and placed him in handcuffs. This is exactly what he should do. Although the driver complied he started cursing at Adam, calling him every name in the book and yelling at Adam stating that he had a permit to carry the pistol. When additional officers arrived the man continued on in this fashion.
In the glove box officers found a loaded handgun and an expired Northfield Police Department Police Reserve identification card.


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I just recieved some old family photo's from my Granmother, One label " an uncle on the mothers side- if so his name would be Kintzley" no other infomation. if anyone is interested I will scan and forward the picture. Also a picture of L.C.Pridmore & Ella (nee Kintzley) & family. Notify Administrator about this message?
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Miami won 3-0
Game 1: Tuesday, May 1 | ||
Miami | 2 | Final |
San Francisco | 1 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Game 2: Wednesday, May 2 | ||
Miami | 3 | Final in 10 |
San Francisco | 2 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Game 3: Thursday, May 3 | ||
Miami | 3 | Final |
San Francisco | 2 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
3:45 PM ET, May 3, 2012
AT&T Park, San Francisco, California
SAN FRANCISCO -- Ozzie Guillen sure could use a lopsided game to bring his blood pressure down.
At least his Miami Marlins left San Francisco with a nice winning streak only a few days after being booed in their home ballpark.Hanley Ramirez drove in a pair of runs without a hit to back Anibal Sanchez's first win in four starts, and the Marlins rebounded from a rough stretch for a 3-2 victory over the Giants on Thursday and a three-game sweep."A win is a win, especially the way that we have been playing," Guillen said. "We'll take every win. We've got to get better. It's very hard for our pitching staff to go out there and shut people down every day. At least we got people on base. It's more fun that way. I'd rather have people on base than nobody on base. We cannot get the big hit to open a game. Every time we have people on base something happens to shut down and we don't have the big hit to rally. It's getting old."Giancarlo Stanton doubled in the seventh after he homered in three of his previous four games. Stanton has nine doubles and four home runs in 10 career games in the Giants' waterfront ballpark.A 3,000-mile trek cross-country and a change of scenery seems to have done the trick for the rebounding Marlins, who had lost eight of nine and were booed in their new home stadium before starting this series -- the club's second three-game sweep at AT&T Park in as many visits."To come here and win all three games was great for us," shortstop Jose Reyes said. "We're playing good as a team now. We're playing very good defense. A couple weeks ago we didn't play too good of defense. We just need to learn from the three wins we had here and continue to play together as a team. If we're able to do that, we're going to compete in our division."Edward Mujica worked the ninth for his first save in two chances on a day closer Heath Bell wasn't available after pitching in three straight games. The Marlins won their seventh in a row in San Francisco, taking all three in this series by one run, including 3-2 in 10 innings Wednesday night.Sanchez (2-0) allowed one run on seven hits, struck out five and walked one in seven innings. He snapped a three-start stretch in which he didn't earn a decision, including a career-best 14-strikeout performance last Saturday's 3-2 home win against Arizona.Omar Infante and Brett Hayes each had three hits for the Marlins, though Guillen is demanding more from his lineup in key situations."There are a lot of opportunities and we're not taking advantage," Guillen said. "If we continue like that, the pitching staff is going to break down sooner or later."Melky Cabrera had two hits and the Giants scored their only run on his double-play grounder in the sixth.The Giants received tough news before the game when slugger and top hitter Pablo Sandoval was lost to a broken bone in his left hand that will require surgery Friday. He's expected to miss 4 to 6 weeks."Today it wasn't Pablo. We made some mistakes," manager Bruce Bochy said. "We're hurting ourselves more than anything. We can't get a productive out."San Francisco has scored three or fewer runs in eight of its 12 home games and has not scored more than five runs in any of its games at AT&T Park.Giants starter Ryan Vogelsong (0-2) was tagged for eight hits in seven innings, struck out five and walked four while throwing 116 pitches.The Giants had runners on second and third in the seventh but couldn't convert, and they are 9 for 48 (.188) with runners in scoring position over the past six games. San Francisco went 0 for 5 Thursday."Everybody has to chip in and play harder. It's going to be harder to win every game," Brandon Belt said.Conor Gillaspie, promoted from Triple-A Fresno to replace Sandoval, went 1 for 3 batting second as Angel Pagan dropped from leadoff to the No. 5 hole as the Giants dealt with the big blow of losing their All-Star slugger.Pagan extended his career-best hitting streak to 17 games with a leadoff single in the seventh.Game notes
Reyes and Emilio Bonifacio pulled off a double steal in the eighth. ... The struggling Bell is still the Marlins' closer, according to Guillen -- for now, anyway. ... The Giants have 28 errors, second in the majors to San Diego's 29. ... Pagan batted fifth for the first time this season. He also hit sixth once but otherwise had been in the leadoff of No. 2 hole the rest of the time. ... All four of Vogelsong's starts have been afternoon games. ... Bochy was to be honored Thursday night by the American Leadership Forum in nearby Mountain View.
Copyright by STATS LLC and The Associated Press
Regular Season Series
Scoring Summary
1st | H Ramirez grounded out to third, J Reyes scored. | 1 | 0 | |
2nd | H Ramirez grounded into fielder's choice to shortstop, B Hayes scored, E Bonifacio out at second, J Reyes to third. | 2 | 0 | |
6th | M Cabrera grounded into double play, first to shortstop to first, G Blanco scored, C Gillaspie out at second. | 2 | 1 | |
8th | J Reyes singled to center, B Hayes scored, A Kearns to second. | 3 | 1 | |
8th | M Cabrera grounded out to third, G Blanco scored. | 3 | 2 | |
View complete Play-By-Play |
Game Information
Stadium | AT&T Park, San Francisco, CA |
Attendance | 41,159 (98.2% full) - % is based on regular season capacity |
Game Time | 2:59 |
Weather | 57 degrees, rain |
Wind | 11 mph |
Umpires | Home Plate - Lance Barrett, First Base - Paul Emmel, Second Base - Scott Barry, Third Base - Jerry Meals |


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09 Jul 2009
Morale at HM Revenue and Customs has plumbed new depths, a recent staff survey seen by Accountancy Age reveals.
Announcing results that HMRC chief executive Lesley Strathie described as 'hugely disappointing', the department admitted that 'of 11 government departments that took part in this pilot survey, HMRC was ranked last overall'.
The results, from this May, are particularly alarming because they represent the views of 53,000 employees, over half the workforce. Among the damning findings, in the largest ever such survey, are that only one quarter of people are proud to work for HMRC and that just 14% describe themselves as 'highly motivated'.
The grim picture from inside HMRC shows a deterioration from two years ago, when the department was already thought to be at crisis point. Then 19% said that 'senior management provide effective leadership', but now the proportion believing HMRC to be well managed has fallen further to 11%.
Among the few positive findings for HMRC to build on was that 57% of staff found their work interesting and 73% thought their teams strived to serve customers better.
Lesley Strathie admitted of the latest figures: 'As a department we cannot afford to ignore these results and my senior management team and I take them extremely seriously'.
Causes of staff dissatisfaction are likely to include 17,000 job cuts made in the last four years, the closure of 90 offices announced late last year and changes in working practices including controversial 'lean' techniques in call centres and processing centres.
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If budgeting is to have any value at all, it needs a radical overhaul. In today's dynamic marketplace, budgeting can no longer serve as a company's only management system; it must integrate with and support dedicated strategy management systems, process improvement systems, and the like. In this paper, Professor Peter Horvath and Dr Ralf Sauter present what's wrong with the current approach to budgeting and how to fix it.
In this white paper CCH provide checklists to help accountants and finance professionals both in practice and in business examine these issues and make plans. Also includes a case study of a large commercial organisation working through the first year of mandatory iXBRL filing.


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Down, Dirty & Fit: Obstacle Race Training For Strength And Endurance
Successfully completing an obstacle race is as much about your strategy, cardiovascular fitness, and even your balance as it is about your strength. According to elite obstacle racer Junyong Pak, "Obstacle racing is such a functional sport. The better obstacle racers don't look like your typical gym exerciser."
You don't have to scrap your entire training program to conquer the course, though. You can incorporate Obstacle Race Training (ORT) techniques into your current workout regimen without adding a lot of time or totally derailing it. Some of my tactics involve combining your weight training and your cardiovascular workouts so that they map more closely to the course; others are exercises and movements that you can add to your existing routine to tailor your strength and conditioning for the rigors of an obstacle course.
These workouts target specific strengths and endurances you'll need to complete an obstacle race. They're also easy to fit into any fitness plan.
Grip and Forearm Strength
Obstacle races feature a lot of barriers that require forearm and grip strength. Out on the course, you're often hanging from your hands, pulling yourself up and over walls, or carrying heavy loads (buckets of rocks, tires, logs, even your buddies). Monkey bars, rope climbs, wall climbs, and various haul and carry obstacles all require grip and forearm strength. Although each of these individual obstacles is relatively easy to complete individually, doing them one after another can really take its toll on your arms and hands. Factor in chilly or sweaty conditions, or mud- and grease-slicked surfaces, and you can see why so many people are unable to overcome obstacles that, on their own, seem like a piece of cake.
The stronger your forearms and grip are, the more likely you'll be able to hang on until the finish. By far the best way to increase your forearms strength is by doing pull-ups and push-ups. Incorporate multiple reps of push-ups and pull-ups into your training regimen. If you can't complete pull-ups on your own or want to increase the number of reps you can do, do band-assisted pull-ups. Your goal should be to complete at least 50 pull-ups (or assisted pull-ups) 2-or-3 times per week.
For grip strength, you really can't beat hanging on a rope. Get 5 feet of 1-inch-thick rope and hang it over a pull-up bar, branch, or goal post (you might need longer for a goal post). Hang onto the rope for as long as you can a couple of times per week. Also, just holding heavy dumbbells in each hand works great to improve grip strength.
Weight-Vest Endurance Workout
In obstacle races, you should expect to run through mud, water and sand along with completing 10-to-30 obstacles. That means your pace is going to be slower and strength will play a large role in your success. To train for this type of fitness, multiple Spartan race champion Hobie Call wears a weight vest when he trains. A weight vest provides functional skeletal and muscular resistance without altering your biomechanics. It also helps to increase your speed and endurance. Sure, you can also do heavy squats to build skeletal and muscular strength, but heavy squats don't convert to the type of endurance you'll need to do well.
The following workout is designed to increase your endurance while focusing on raw strength. Your vest should be weighted enough for you to feel the resistance, but no so heavy that it slows you way down.
Circuit: 2-3 rounds
Weight Vest Run
6 minutes high intensity -
50 meters -
10 reps -
50 meters
Hobie Call's Rock Workout
This full body workout will be as intense as you make it. You'll need a rock, medicine ball or sand bag between 20-or-40 pounds. Use a weight that you can get over your head and throw at least 10 feet. If 40 pounds isn't difficult enough, add a weighted vest.
Set your timer so it repeats a 2-minute countdown. Do this eight-minute cycle 3 to 5 times. Use the first round as a warm-up.
Eight-Minute Cycle: 3-5 rounds
Chest Throw
2 minutes -
10 reps -
Backwards Toss
Maximum reps in remainder of 2 minutes -
10 reps -
Maximum reps in remainder of 2 minutes -
10 reps -
Shoulder Press
Maximum reps in remainder of 2 minutes
Full Body Track Workout
This is a timed track workout that lasts between 30-and-90 minutes. If you're a conditioned athlete who can really push the intensity and are training for a 5k, limit the workout to 30 minutes. If you're training for an event that you expect to last 2 hours, plan on training for 90 minutes.
For the shorter workouts, do the following exercises every 400 meters. If you're training for longer, do them every 800 meters.
Do this workout at race intensity with no rest breaks. Strive for an even intensity throughout the workout.
Once you get accustomed to the work, add a weight vest or increase the intensity. Gauge the intensity of your workouts by how well you recover. If you're not feeling recovered within a couple days, you're pushing yourself too hard.
Keep checking back for more detailed ORT workouts!
For more information on race-specific training, visit www.ConquerAnyCourse.com.
Recommended Articles
6 Comments
- 1
- Follow This Discussion by:
- Body Stats
- ht: 5'7"
- wt: 165 lbs
- bf: 15.7%
Hobie Call is incredible. So is the guy who beat him! Still, I believe he has won 24 of the 25 races he has competed in.
- Body Stats
- ht: 5'7"
- wt: 220 lbs
- bf: 25.0%
- Body Stats
- ht: 5'6"
- wt: 235 lbs
- bf: 60.0%
- Body Stats
- ht: 5'6"
- wt: 235 lbs
- bf: 60.0%
We are competing in a Spartan Race end of June this year. I am so nervous - even more so after reading this. I don't know why. I have been training(?) for some time now already. Thanks for this information. I hate pullups and I noticed my trainer has me doing more of them with this routine.
- Body Stats
- ht: 5'9"
- wt: 204 lbs
- bf: 26.1%
That full body workout is perfect! By the 3rd run you can really feel it due to the lunges. It keeps you on your toes and forces you to keep going! Can't wait to do it all over again tmr!
- Body Stats
- ht: 5'7"
- wt: 156.97 lbs
- bf: 29.0%
- 1
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The Perfect Protein To Take Between Meals & Pre- & Post-Workout!


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Senior Member
So what about Jayce, Rickless? You nerfed the only part of him that doesn't matter in Dominion, while he remains a terror in blind pick.
The Jayce nerf in theory was significant for SR, which unfortunately is the ONLY real consideration when nerfing. The whole problem was that he had the GapCloser/autoattack/Knockback which just did so damned much damage. Most people maxed E because for ZERO additional mana, they got +120 dmg (40 to 160), and from 8% to 20% magical dmg. Even early game vs a 1k health foe, thats going from 80 to 200 extra damage. So rank 1 = 40+80=120 dmg (vs 1k foe which isn't quite realistic) Rank 5 = 160+200 = 360! for 40 mana. Not sure this will fix much because Jayce can also just max Q and use it for harass. He can still do the gate/Q harass, then do the Q/E gapcloser harass with ZERO effect from the nerf since gate stays at rank 1. Not sure why they nerfed Yorick again for, without some compensation. He just isn't played THAT much up top anymore in latest pro matches Ive seen. First, his Ult sucks with both Ezreal and Corki who are still the top played ADs (along with Graves). Second, he is a great laner but doesn't ever really DO much of anything. He can't get kills, doesnt have a big burst, and even Pro Yoricks Ive seen just kinda sit around being a laning pest. But yeah, in dominion Jayce will retain his place among Yorick and Jax and Poppy and Kass and Rammus and ....


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John Kerry has a problem. With leads in current polling in the Washington, Oregon, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Ohio, Kerry has a shot two win without winning Florida.
But if that polling holds, and Bush wins Florida, then three states--currently polling at dead heats--will tell the tale. Whoever wins two of 'em will win it all. Those states are Iowa (47/47), New Hampshire (47/47) and New Jersey (46/46).
New Jersey and Iowa are big problems for Kerry. New Jersey may be the biggest problem of all. The northern part of the state is full of upper middle-class suburban voters who are center-left socially but who think Kerry is soft on terrorism, voters like Jeff Jarvis. Also, the nation's wealthiest state is densely populated by the C-level managers and small businessmen who are among the Republicans most loyal bases. There is also a big base of Wall Street employees who stand to benefit from the flood of money into the markets that will come with the privatization of social security. Then there's McGreevey's implosion. While it may not be having a profound impact on Kerry's numbers, it has taken away what would have been Kerry's number one surrogate campaigner in the state. (I bet the Dems wish they had Corzine on the ballot in a special election now!) Kerry needs to do something quick in New Jersey because he can't win the presidency without winning New Jersey. (Theoretically he could, if he took Pennsylvania, Ohio and Florida, but c'mon!).
But I'm not sure what Kerry can achieve. My guess is that his biggest problem is a loss of traditional support among upper middle-class women from the northern suburbs. Not so much the soccer moms, more the corporate wives. There's little Kerry can say to them at this point that be a difference maker. Still, at least he should show up in New Jersey. Spend a day. Show the Jerseyites some love. Maybe it helps get out the vote.
Iowa I don't know at all. I passed through Des Moines once for a hour or so. I know its gone Democratic for the last 4 elections, even handing a win to Michael Dukakis. I know that folks credit Kerry's strong ground team in the state for the primary win there that catapulted him to the nomination. Iowa's another one Kerry needs.
New Hampshire has such a small, volatile electorate split between extremes of right and left that it is almost impossible to predict the outcome there. But, at the risk of sounding like Vin Scully, it's interesting to note that New Hampshire has gone for the winner in each of the last four presidential elections: Bush-Clinton-Clinton-Bush. The winner here will probably be the overall winner again.
To win it all Kerry needs New Jersey plus at least one of the other two.


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Tel: 312 573 4000
Concierge.com's insider take:
Before opening this feverishly anticipated Gold Coast restaurant in a dainty carriage house, Art Smith spent ten years as Oprah's personal chef. Dinner service is like a well-choreographed dinner party: Smith himself plays the congenial host, greeting the local movers and curious civilians seated in the snug dining room. The genteel mood befits the menu of Southern classics, including a textbook buttermilk fried chicken (served Sundays only); shrimp with feathery stone-ground grits; and pan-seared catfish accompanied by crispy okra, bacon-braised collard greens, and more grits (cheese this time). Recognizing there is such a thing as too many grits, Smith wisely offers a few global dishes as well, such as pistachio-crusted chicken breast with lo mein noodles and wood-fired pizza topped with smoked duck. The dessert menu, however, remains firmly rooted in the Southtake one bite of the seductive 12-layer Smith family chocolate cake, and you'll understand how Smith won Oprah's favor.
Open Tuesdays through Saturdays 11 am to 10 pm, Sundays 10 am to 7 pm; brunch served Sundays only.
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write a review ›BEEN HERE? TELL US WHAT YOU THINK
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User language | ||||||||||
Users by language |
Halvor aka Halvor Raknes aka Halvor Raknes Johansen
50 years - male - Oslo, Norway
I have user pages on several Wikis, e.g. English, Norwegian (bokmål), Norwegian (nynorsk) and Commons.
I am banned permanently from the Norwegian (bokmål) Wikipedia.
I also contribute to other WikiMedia projects, particularly the English Wiktionary.
Sub-located pages[edit]
Meco/Arbeidet med å gjøre norsk Wikimedia til en integrert del av den norske statsforvaltningen |
I practice "open password"[edit]
In my neck of the woods, ontologically speaking, a password – any password – actually becomes something of an "insecurity feature". I have therefore began experimenting with having my all-purpose password openly retrievable as a standard part of my email signature tag. This means that anyone who receives an email (or an email response) from me also gets to see my password.
How can this possibly be sustainable?
The answer to that is: "I'm not quite sure, but I'm trying to find out." Firstly, I don't send a lot of emails. Thus, when some malevolent (or mischievous) party is exposed to my password and endeavors to use some account of mine doing things that I will recognize as evidence of an intruder being active, it is highly likely that the individual will be identified, if not precisely, at least approximately – and more importantly: the perpetrator will become aware of his "near-exposure".
Having practiced this for a little over a month without any hitches, the situation was changed two days ago, and it happened only a few hours after I mailed the Norwegian (bokmål) Wikipedia OTRS team with a complaint. What happened was that my mailbox began receiving temporary password changes for several of my Wikipedia accounts (on the different language projects), and my account on an exterior website was abused by someone vandalizing in my name. So now I have changed the password. And we'll see how it goes from here on. This means that for the same person to be able to retrieve my new password, my email must be intercepted anew in some way.
I have attempted to find any information on anyone having any related experience to my experiment but so far haven't found anything. If you are aware of something that I might find useful in this respect, or if you have questions related to this, I would be happy to receive your call on my talk page here at Meta-Wiki. June 26, 2007


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Croydex Chrome Effect Shower Curtain Rod (L)2500mm
- Product rating
This strong Croydex chrome effect shower curtain rod is 2500mm long and used for holding shower curtains. Suitable for any bath or shower installation. Fixings supplied for quick and simple installation.
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Read moreabout Croydex Chrome Effect Shower Curtain Rod (L)2500mm
- Brand
Product notices
Purchasing and availability details
- Check stock in store Stocked in store
[This is a block of tabs..]
Product Details
Features and benefits
- Full fitting instructions included
Technical specifications
Brand | Croydex |
Finish | Chrome effect |
Construction material | Aluminium |
Length | 2500mm |
Diameter | 22mm |
Pack quantity | 1 |
Location | Interior |
Model | AD116541BQ |
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text:
20 comments found
This is a great theme. I have used it on a new site I have been building – although changed it as I have built more of an application than a blog. But the base of the website was your design.
The website is http://iheartmyyogi.com Thanks for producing the theme, as I have no design capability at all (or it's at the same level of a frog in a blender!!)
Hey that looks great! Great to see what others come up with using the theme as a base – great modification!
Hi Orman im having trouble installing it – i have messaged you – hopefully you can help.
Many thanks,
Ah, I believe you are trying to install the template into WordPress however you have only purchased the HTML version. You will need to use the WordPress version – http://themeforest.net/item/repro-premium-wordpress-news-magazine-theme/138755 – with WordPress.
Hi Orman, This HTML template looks great. One quick question…
With the HTML (not wordpress) will the sliding content on the homepage automatically cycle through? In the wordpress example the JQ slider automatically changes/cycles but the HTML does not..
Will the HTML version do this as well?
Thanks Chris
Hi Chris, you can set this within the JS file, no problems there.
Hi Orman, awesome theme. I just have one question: I have set the slider to auto slide but is it possible to highlight the relevant thumbnails too?
First and foremost, thanks for purchasing one of my Premium files – your support is greatly appreciated! Support for all themes and templates is conducted through the PremiumPixels support forums.
Please register for an account here: http://support.premiumpixels.com/register.php – you will need your Item Purchase Code at the ready (instructions on how to find it here: http://cl.ly/4eth)
After your purchase has been verified (instant) you'll receive an email with a temporary password. That's it, you're in!
Support forum URL : http://support.premiumpixels.com/
Hi, good template. Just bought it and will have to do a little bit of tweaking to suit my needs.
I just bought this great template. It nearly perfectly fits my need (but will require a bit of customisation).
The CSS is just a bit too messy for me. Sometimes hard to find what you're looking for. But it's probably inevitable with such a complex template.
I add that I love the free graphic ressources you put on your blog, and plan to use some of them with this template.
Keep the good work, you're very talented ! And thanks a lot
Question regarding the HTML version versus the WP version. Does the HTML version have a template for the categories page like the WP version does? I don't see one in the HTML demo.
Here's an example of what I'm talking about: http://themes.premiumpixels.com/repro/?cat=38
Thanks. Lori
Great, thanks. I didn't even click that button – thought it was the same layout as the WP Archives (which I would love to have in this version too). I'm using it in another CMS so I'd assume buying the HTML version is the way to go.
Thanks. Lori
That whole page isn't part of the HTML / magazine package and I'd look to use the buttons, just need the images.
You can download the PSD behind these buttons here http://www.premiumpixels.com/freebies/10-simple-web-buttons-psd/
Unfortunately there aren't any plans to add any additional functionality to the template. The features you are referring to are purely for the WordPress version only.
Great template, i try to customize it a little bit, but in IE all fonts are bold and i don't find in css where set up this to normal…
Hey! Thanks for purchasing one of my files, I truly appreciate it! Support for all my themes and templates is conducted through the Premium Pixels support forums, if you'd like to start a new thread over there either myself or the support team can take a look at your issue
Support Forums | Create an Account | Find your "Item Purchase Code"
Hi Orman, This HTML template looks ideal. Just a quick question…
Is there an option to add a white background to the wrapper? Maybe with a drop shadow?
I would like to add a picture/texture background to it you see and it would get mixed up in the text.
If there is I will buy now! Thanks!
Hi, as it's a plain HTML template there are no options to speak off. You can add a plain or textured background however you will need to do so by editing the CSS .
Thanks for your reply… i actually ment a boxed design version. Sorry for the confusion
Hi! i'm looking for a magazine template (a newspaper template really) and i liked this one and Duplex template. My question is, do this templates support cellphone navigation (specially andriod)? and if not, do you know, more or less, what things would get broken?
Thank you! Frapan.
Hi Frapan, both themes are viewable on mobile devices but neither have a mobile-specific version. The best thing to do would be to test the site's in the mobile device you are concerned with.
I downloaded the code and imported it into Dreamweaver. When I try to preview in browser I get an ACCESS FORBIDDEN ! What do I need to do?
Hey! Thanks for purchasing one of my files, I truly appreciate it! Support for all my themes and templates is conducted through the Premium Pixels support forums, if you'd like to start a new thread over there either myself or the support team can take a look at your issue
Support Forums | Create an Account | Find your "Item Purchase Code"
I am a little confuse, i just bought the Repro – Premiun News / Magezine that is this one: http://themeforest.net/item/repro-premium-news-magazine-html-template/140312
but when i download the file i get a worppress theme named: Viewfinder WordPress Theme.
I bouth an html themplate and i get a wordpress theme that is different than the one i bought, can you check?
Italo Estrada
Ah, seems there was a goof somewhere. If you re-download the files you should get the correct HTML template
excelent, now i got the right one.
Hi OrmanClark,
I bought your theme few months ago, it is now fully implemented and you can see it in action at the following address : http://www.focusdepat.com
Focus départ is social site for travellers. It allows you to access to a traveller community to share your experiences.
On Focus départ you can access to photos, accommodations, activities, restaurants, events and much more.
You deserve a big thank you
Hi – Can you fix your demo page? http://i.imgur.com/mdlgiIH.png
Hey, I'm interested in your theme but the demo is not working and I am not going to buy without previewing it first.
Really nice! Love it;


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In the second week of their summer sojourn at SPAC, the Philadelphia Orchestra will welcome violin virtuoso Sarah Chang (pictured). Tonight(Friday), Chang will be featured in a performance of Samuel Barber's Violin Concerto. If this ...
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text: TOP 10 Top 10 Dating Adult Entertainment: What You Should Know Back to Top ▲ Adult Entertainment: What You Should Know 2 Do Your Searches Match Up? Share on Facebook Share on Twitter 0 Shares A few months ago, PornMD.com released the cold, hard facts to the public on the most popular porn searches according to countries and U.S. states. The data gives us insight into the top 10 most searched porn terms around the world. Do yours match up? Next Page TOP 6 5 4 3 2 1 Comments Show Comments More Like This Promoted Around the Web Special Features


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Our mission is to help mothers worldwide to breastfeed through mother-to-mother support, encouragement, information and education, and to promote a better understanding of breastfeeding as an important element in the healthy development of the baby and the mother.
Founded by seven mothers, La Leche League International has grown to be one of the world's leading authorities on breastfeeding. We would like to extend a warm welcome and a thank you for all of your dedication to mothering and fathering. |
Support La Leche League every time you shop with Amazon. This link will take you to smile.amazon.com and allow you to shop as usual, with a portion of your purchase price being donated to La Leche League of Nebraska. Thank you!


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Chicago Traumatic Brain Injury Attorneys Fight for Your Future
Finding a Chicago head injury lawyer who will fight for you
The attorneys of Phillips Law Offices have been assisting clients for over 65 years in dealing with acute and severe personal injuries, including traumatic injuries to the brain. Our lawyers can help in seeing that the legal system protects your rights as the victim of wrongdoing.
What is traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex injury with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. The impact on a person and his or her family can be devastating. TBI is a common injury and may be missed initially when the medical team is focused on saving the individual's life.
Before medical knowledge and technology advanced to control breathing with respirators and decrease intracranial pressure, which is the pressure in the fluid surrounding the brain, the death rate from traumatic brain injuries was very high. Although the medical technology has advanced significantly, the effects of TBI are significant.
What causes TBI?
The causes of TBI are diverse. The top three causes are cars accidents, firearms and falls. Firearm injuries are often fatal; nine out of ten people die from their injuries. Young adults and the elderly are the age groups at highest risk for TBI. Along with a traumatic brain injury, persons are also susceptible to spinal cord injuries which are another type of traumatic injury that can result from vehicle crashes, firearms and falls. Consulting with a trusted Illinois wrongful death lawyer may help.
How we can help
For 65 years the attorneys at Phillips Law Offices have utilized every tool to fully compensate victims of TBI. Our Illinois accident lawyers will fight tirelessly for you. This can include hiring:
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Chicago traumatic brain injury lawyers assisting families for more than 65 years
Traumatic brain injuries are serious, complex issues. You may need additional help to care for yourself or a loved one who's been suffering. At the Phillips Law Offices, we offer comprehensive legal services for our clients in need. Call (312) 346-4262, or contact us online today for a free consultation with one of our attorneys about your case.


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Friday, February 27, 2015
March 3rd is World Wildlife Day
"It is time to get serious about wildlife crime" This year's theme for World Wildlife Day is right in line with one of the key goals of the World ... -
Thursday, February 26, 2015
Director-General requests UN Security Council meeting on destruction of heritage in Mosul
"I am deeply shocked by footage released today showing the destruction of statues and other artefacts of the Mosul Museum. I condemn this as a ... -
Wednesday, February 18, 2015
Call for expression of interest for the evaluation of the African World Heritage Fund
Established as a Category II Centre under the auspices of UNESCO in October 2009, the African World Heritage Fund (AWHF) is an inter-governmental ... -
Thursday, February 12, 2015
UNESCO Director-General welcomes UN Security Council Resolution to step up protection of cultural heritage in Syria and Iraq
The Director-General of UNESCO, Ms Irina Bokova, welcomed the adoption of a new UN Security Council Resolution 2199 that condemns the destruction of ... -
Wednesday, February 11, 2015
UNWTO/UNESCO World Conference on Tourism and Culture gathers Ministers of Tourism and Culture for the first time
Over 900 participants, including over 45 Ministers and Vice Ministers of Tourism and Culture, international experts, speakers and guests from 100 ... -
Tuesday, February 10, 2015
Banc d'Arguin National Park inspires young people to preserve World Heritage
With support from UNESCO's World Heritage Marine Programme, the Banc d'Arguin National Park in Mauritania organized a series of educational activities ... -
Tuesday, February 10, 2015
Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) Director General, job vacancy
The secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) is currently recruiting a Director General (DG). SPREP is the regional ... -
Friday, February 6, 2015
Ecuador intensifies actions to reduce risks from ship stranding in Galápagos Islands
On Wednesday, 28 January, the cargo ship Floreana stranded near San Cristobal, an island that is part of the Galápagos islands World Heritage ... -
Friday, February 6, 2015
2014-2015 World Heritage Map Published
The latest version of the World Heritage map, produced by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre and National Geographic Maps with the generous support of ... -
Tuesday, February 3, 2015
UNESCO and Panasonic inspire pupils in Fujian, China, to become ambassadors of World Heritage protection
Since their first agreement signed in 2011, UNESCO and Panasonic have worked together to educate young people about protecting natural and cultural ... -
Monday, February 2, 2015
World Heritage stakeholders come together to develop a sustainable tourism strategy for Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls
World heritage site managers and tourism stakeholders from Zambia and Zimbabwe came together for the first time to initiate the process to develop a ... -
Monday, February 2, 2015
World Heritage N° 74: Disasters and resilience
Issue 74 of World Heritage magazine World Heritage sites are exposed to a wide variety of natural and human-induced hazards, such as earthquakes, ...


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If you have been to Bayshore Pediatrics in the past two days or are coming in soon, you may notice something different in the waiting room. You will now see holes and marks on the walls were the TVs from Accent Health used to be – the TVs have been removed. We initially installed the TVs as a way to provide health information while parents waited for their appointment. After receiving feedback from our feedback form on the website and survey results from parents, we decided it was best to remove the TVs. Through the feedback form and the surveys we hand out, parents let us know that we should act according to what we say – we guide parents to limit TV time so we should do the same. We listened and now the TVs are gone. Right now, it's not a pretty sight with holes in the wall but we are working on ways to make the waiting room look great.
Thank you all for your feedback. It helps us to recognize how we can make your visit with us better.


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Seems like me and Burnett are on the same page with this one.
DOWNLOAD: Karma-Ann Swanepoel - Once
Posted in Uncategorized | Tags: karma-ann swanepoel
you are a god meka. when i heard that wayne was getting sued, i looked all over for this south african lady's song.
Thats Some BULL SHIT how the fuck she gone sue!! he aint make no damn profitt !?!?!? its a fuckin mixtape song he can jump on any bitch track and make a part 2
mic terror played himself. not to mention,dudes not even that nice with it. so it's really a lose lose for that kid.
uuuhhhhhooohhhhh someone's in trouble. lol
lmfao at that pic....... you need to a post of just lil' wayne art.
Pure dopeness...it's it rawest form
and technically, he did make profit of it...because it was included at concerts that he was gettin' paid for.
Yo- does anyone know what the sample for snoop dogg's "Paper'ed Up" song is?? i want that and i kno its tight but i cant find it-hook it up Meka
you mean that "hymnaa" or the actual song. because he lifted all the lyrics from paid in full by eric b. and rakim. the "hymnaa" shit was probably just a back up singer or something
Pingback: Lil Wayne - Mr. Carter f. Jay-Z « 2dopeboyz()
that ish sounds nice
posted the Carter III


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Lewisburg's National Night Out even bigger this year
LEWISBURG — Lewisburg's National Night Out is coming up Tuesday. With the newly created Buffalo Valley Regional Police, Officer Travis Burrows says the event will be even bigger than last year. "We have over 70 agencies involved this year," says Burrows, "we will have police K-9s doing demonstrations, a skydiving demonstration, free food and music and lots for the kids."
Burrows says the national event is designed to generate support for residents to participate in local anti-crime programs. "Basically, it helps strengthen the neighborhood spirit and the police/community partnership."
National Night Out in Lewisburg will be held starting at5:00p.m.in the Lewisburg Area Recreation Authority Park. Throughout The Valley National Night Out will also be held Tuesday in Sunbury, Danville and Milton. (Sara Bartlett)
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Boylston AW (2012). The origins of vaccination: no inoculation, no vaccination. © Arthur Boylston, The Old Mill, Bayswater Mill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 9SB. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Cite as:Boylston AW (2012). The origins of vaccination: no inoculation, no vaccination. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation (www.jameslindlibrary.org). In 1796, seventy-five years after Lady Mary Wortley Montague and Charles Maitland introduced inoculation into England (Huth 2005; Boylston 2012), Edward Jenner performed an experiment that would eventually lead to the eradication of smallpox and the end of inoculation. He inoculated a child with material from a cowpox pustule just as he would have done from a smallpox pustule. About six weeks later he performed a conventional inoculation on the same child using smallpox material. When there was no reaction to the inoculation Jenner believed that he had demonstrated that cowpox could produce immunity to smallpox just like the real smallpox virus. His experiment had worked. But how did Edward Jenner get to this point, where had the ideas come from, and what lay behind his seemingly audacious practice on a defenceless child? History texts and children's stories all focus on the supposed role of milkmaids in guiding Jenner to cowpox. Even the most recent histories of smallpox eradication say that he learned of cowpox's benefits from a milkmaid. In many cases the milkmaid is beautiful because she cannot catch smallpox. In some versions of this story the fabled beauty of the unscarred milkmaids is widely known and gives Jenner his first clue. Occasionally other names pop up but are quickly dispatched as not really significant and home in on Jenner as the man who realized why the milkmaids were so beautiful. Sadly the milkmaid story is a lie invented by John Baron, Jenner's friend and first biographer (Baron 1838). Jenner himself never claimed to have discovered the value of cowpox, nor did he ever say, despite a huge volume of correspondence, how he first came across the idea. The myths of the milkmaids are just that, myths. To modern eyes, Jenner is revered for eradicating smallpox by using cowpox; in his lifetime, however, Edward Jenner faced severe criticism from jealous competitors and from many ordinary doctors who did not trust his method because, unlike inoculation, it did not give permanent immunity to smallpox. John Baron invented the milkmaid story to counteract these criticisms What really happened is more prosaic although no less fascinating. The Suttons' improved method of inoculating (Sutton 1796; Boylston 2011) spread rapidly through England. By 1768 a country surgeon, John Fewster, and his colleague, Mr. Grove, had become partners with them. Years later, in response to the renowned chemist George Pearson's inquiries, he wrote: Thornbury was a village near Bristol on the river Severn. About six miles north is the town of Berkeley, and about seven miles inland is the market town of Chipping Sodbury. The events which led to vaccination evolved over a thirty year span in the rough triangle formed by these three Gloucestershire towns. In 1768 nineteen year old Edward Jenner was apprenticed to Daniel Ludlow, a surgeon, based in Chipping Sodbury (Baron 1838, p 3). Daniel and his apothecary brother Edward were members of a medical society which met at The Ship, an inn at Alveston near Thornbury (Baron 1838, p 47). This was Fewster's local medical society referred to in his letter. At one of their meetings Fewster reported his conversation with the old farmer and his subsequent inquiries so there is a potential direct connection between Fewster and Jenner through the Ludlow brothers. Fewster's information probably spread through the West Country by word of mouth. It is just the sort of lightbulb moment that changes human knowledge forever. Before, the fact that some individuals resisted all attempts to inoculate them was a mystery and a considerable problem for doctors, since they were obliged to reinoculate their patients who had not had a smallpox pustule in response to their inoculation. Now that they had heard of cowpox on the grapevine they knew to ask their patients about cowpox, and if they did not respond to the operation there was a good explanation. The effects of cowpox would also have been of great interest to dairy workers who would have spread the information among their colleagues at fairs and market days. Within a few years the news had spread around the West Country so that most doctors and many farm workers would have heard of the phenomenon (Pearson 1798). On one of the few occasions when Jenner discussed farmers' knowledge of cowpox he wrote: Here Jenner himself draws the link between inoculations with smallpox and the discovery of the effects of prior cowpox. Many years later a friend of his confirmed that Jenner once said that he first heard of cowpox in 1768 (Moore 1817, p 2). By 1769 Jenner was in London working as a house surgeon to the famed experimental surgeon John Hunter at St. George's Hospital. Since he discussed the cowpox effect with Hunter, Jenner must have known about the discovery before leaving Gloucestershire. But the Suttonian method only became widely available after 1766/67 (Boylston 2011) so that the discovery could only have been made in a narrow window between 1767 and 1769. while Jenner was still apprenticed to Ludlow. Whether Jenner was actually present at the dinner where Fewster discussed his findings is not clear, apprentices were probably not invited, but it seems likely that he would have heard about Fewster's observations from his boss soon afterwards. The advantages of cowpox could not have been discovered before general inoculation became a feature of country life, because only when large numbers of people were inoculated at the same time could the existence of several resistant individuals become apparent. Smallpox epidemics often smouldered rather than exploded and it could take months or years for the disease to leave a particular area. The few who escaped might have had previous mild smallpox and have been rendered immune by the undetected infection, something that was particularly likely to happen when the individual was an orphan because the parents, who might have remembered the early childhood infection, were dead; or they might just have been lucky and avoided exposure to the virus. John Haygarth had shown that direct contact with a smallpox patient or their possessions was necessary to contract the infection (Haygarth 1784). A few individuals, thought to be about one in twenty, seemed to be naturally resistant to smallpox and never caught the disease. Inoculation itself was also not one hundred percent effective, individuals sometimes had no response to the operation and it was common practice to reinoculate them to test whether they were resistant, immune, or whether, for unknown reasons, the first procedure had failed but the second was effective. If an individual failed to respond to inoculation after several attempts, it was usually assumed that they had had smallpox before. There was no way to link cowpox infection, which might have occurred years before and been forgotten, with inoculation resistance. However, once a large number of farmers and dairymaids were identified who resisted attempts to inoculate them it became possible to question them closely until, as Fewster relates, one of them provided the crucial piece of information. Only cowpox infection shortly before inoculation could provide the clue required, and only when a large group of individuals were inoculated together would the necessary individual turn up. Cowpox itself was a sporadic illness found mostly in the south and west of England, so the chance of finding an individual with the right sequence of infections was only turn up if a large group of dairymen was inoculated at one time. Edward Jenner left his country apprenticeship for London where he had the good fortune to be the first pupil of John Hunter who is widely credited with developing scientific surgery. Hunter had an obsessive interest in experimentation - his most famous aphorism, which Jenner would have heard frequently, was 'why think, do the experiment'. Master and student became close friends and remained in correspondence for the rest of Hunter's life. When Jenner returned home to Berkeley, he took the habits of observation and experimentation gained from his mentor with him. The country physician shared some of his ideas about cowpox with his former superior who was intensely interested in the concept since he was also an inoculator. Back home in Berkeley, Edward Jenner settled into the routine of a country doctor. He joined two local medical societies; one of them the group that met at The Ship where Fewster and the Ludlows still participated in the discussions. Why didn't cowpox fascinate them in the way that it became an obsession for Jenner? Fewster's lack of interest was based on his long experience of country medicine, which had convinced him that cowpox was actually a more serious disease than inoculated smallpox. The cowpox virus was transmitted by contact, and probably could only infect through cuts or scratches in the skin. If there was only a tiny scratch then there would only be a single 'pock', but if there were numerous scratches all over the arms, or extensively chapped skin from continuous outdoor work, then there would be many more pustules and the patient would have a fever and pronounced systemic symptoms. Sometimes the infection even spread to the face, transferred by scratching or licking a sore finger. A few patients who had widespread skin problems might have cowpox over their whole body much like children with eczema following vaccination the 20th century. Suttonian inoculation was actually milder than natural cowpox in most cases. Fewster wrote: In experienced hands the death rate after inoculation was less than one in five hundred, and about twenty percent of patients had only a single pock at the inoculation site. Although there was the risk of starting an epidemic, by then doctors knew how to prevent one, either by isolation or general inoculation. In contrast to inoculated smallpox, a cowpox pustule often matured into an intensely painful ulcer on the hand or fingers which left the sufferer unable to work for several days. On balance inoculation was less troublesome for the patient than having cowpox. There was a second, and more compelling, reason why country doctors were not impressed by cowpox. It did not always protect against smallpox. Many individuals who said that they had had the cowpox before, had perfectly normal inoculation smallpox. There were also cases of natural smallpox among individuals who had thought that they were immune from a previous infection caught from cows. While immunity always implied prior cowpox, previous cowpox did not always imply immunity. What would be the point of investigating the potential benefits of something that simply was not as effective as current practice? It is easy to see why Jenner's colleagues found him tedious, and even he acknowledged that the imperfect protection problem was a major setback, noting that the term 'cowpox' was also applied to conditions – 'spurious cowpox' – which were not infections with vaccinia (Jenner 1799). It took Edward Jenner twenty-five years to unravel the mess. The problem lay in the definition of 'cowpox'. There were at least three diseases that produced ulcers on the teats of cows and only one of these was caused by the cowpox virus: 'this for a while damped, but did not extinguish my ardour'. Jenner's remarkable achievement is that he spent all that time untangling true cowpox from spurious cowpox and defining its unequivocal appearances. He learned how to recognise 'milker's nodes' a painful bacterial infection on the fingers, which lacked the typical erosive ulcer of cowpox, and he could differentiate between cowpox and staphylococcal infections of the udder because the damage caused by staphylococcal bacteria spread beyond the teats. Eventually he learned how to recognise cases of true cowpox and could confirm that they really were resistant to inoculation. Jenner had also had a second insight that his colleagues had not appreciated. Inoculated cowpox would be much less severe than natural cowpox, just as inoculated smallpox was less dangerous than naturally acquired disease. In May 1796 Jenner was asked to inoculate an eight-year-old pauper child named James Phipps. At the same time there was a local outbreak of cowpox, something that only occurred every few years. Sarah Nelmes, a dairymaid, was infected with cowpox from her employer's cows and had developed a large pustule where she had been scratched by a thorn. Had Jenner done something unethical? In medical circles it is fashionable to claim that his first experiment would never have been approved by a modern ethics committee. Some writers even claim that the boy was an unwilling victim of Jenner's ego and he would never have 'volunteered' for the experiment. In reality Jenner was acting in a completely acceptable way and actually giving Phipps, son of a poor labourer, protection against a feared disease. A child who had not had smallpox was almost unemployable because no one would take on a boy who might bring smallpox into the household and whose care and burial expenses would be charged to his employer if he did come down with the disease. Even if he remained in the workhouse his care would be an unnecessary expense for the parish. Inoculation was the standard way to give the child immunity and protect him from the consequences of the infection. Although Jenner had never 'vaccinated' anyone before he had good reason to believe that the procedure might work based on numerous patients of his who had proved resistant to inoculation after having cowpox. All he was doing was attempting to see whether artificial cowpox worked as well as natural cowpox, just as artificial inoculated smallpox protected against natural smallpox. After vaccinating Phipps he was be inoculated in the usual way. If cowpox had failed, he would just have a normal mild inoculation response; if it worked nothing would happen. Jenner was following up his experimental treatment with the 'gold standard' method of protecting the child. Since inoculation was a well-established and largely safe procedure that was widely used in England, there was no ethical issue with that part of the experiment. Inoculation would have been viewed as a necessary part of growing up for a child receiving parish support. Since cowpox was never fatal and had few systemic effects, there were unlikely to be any unexpected complications apart from failure to immunize. Even in the hyper health-and-safety conscious twenty-first century this experiment would have been given ethical approval. Edward Jenner attempted to publish the Phipps experiment in a manuscript which was rejected by the Royal Society (Crookshank 1889, pp 250-266). Why would this august body turn down what we now regard as one of the most important discoveries ever made? Actually, the manuscript was a mess. Although Jenner gave short details of ten patients who had resisted inoculation several years after having cowpox, Phipps was one the only patient he had immunized with cowpox (Morabia 2010). One example was not enough to support replacing inoculation with smallpox with cowpox. When John Haygarth heard of the experiment he thought that it was potentially interesting but that one case provided insufficient evidence; twenty or thirty would be more convincing. The rest of Jenner's paper consisted of speculations on the animal origin of cowpox; he thought that it was derived from a horse disease called 'grease'. And he gave a rambling hypothesis that many human diseases were derived from animals and a very confusing observation that immunity seemed to work in only one direction. Cowpox prevented smallpox, but smallpox did not prevent cowpox. By rejecting the paper the Royal Society spared Jenner the criticism and derision that would have followed his weak evidence and unsupported ideas. They actually saved his reputation. Undeterred by rejection, Jenner attempted to expand his experiment. He recognised that there were one or two problems that he needed to overcome before his idea became a useful treatment. He had shown that whatever cowpox was, it could make someone immune to smallpox. But was this a stable property of the cowpox, or would it only work when transmitted from someone who had been directly infected by a cow? In a world that had no idea what germs were, there was no way to be certain that an infection always produced the same result. Jenner believed that cowpox was derived from 'grease', an infection of horse's hooves, which acquired the properties of cowpox when it infected a different species, the cow. Perhaps cowpox would also change when it was passed from person to person. However, he could not perform any more immunizations because there was no cowpox in the neighbourhood. He had to wait until the Spring of 1798 when cowpox reappeared. This time he conducted a complicated experiment, first inoculating William Summers with cowpox, then twelve days later, using fluid from his pustule to 'inoculate' William Pead. Eight days later he transferred fluid from Pead to several children and adults and from one of them, Hannah Excell, he inoculated a further four children seven days after that. Finally he used fluid from one of them, Mary Pead, to inoculate a boy, J. Barge. Sometime later Jenner arranged for his nephew Henry to inoculate Summers and J. Barge with smallpox fluid which, as he expected, resulted in no reaction. Jenner's complicated passage of fluid from one child to another was important because it satisfied him that whatever was responsible for immunizing the children was stable and could be passed from one person to another without losing its potency. He once stated that it was the only original contribution that he made to the establishment of cowpox as a better form of inoculation (Morabia 2010). Now he was ready to publish his experiments. Edward Jenner's first publication about cowpox, An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, or Cowpox (Jenner 1798), did not arrive on a completely unsuspecting world. Jenner had discussed his ideas with many of his friends, including George Pearson who had discussed the basic concepts with John Hunter as early as 1789. However, Jenner's paper was actually rather thin. He provided 16 cases histories of individuals who had proved to be immune to smallpox following cowpox and he had 'cowpoxed' at least ten others, but he had only performed a smallpox challenge on three of his subjects. Although they were immune, it was weak evidence at best. William Woodville, physician to the Hospital for Smallpox and Inoculation, managed to find a cowpox-struck cow in London and collected material to perform his own trial assisted by George Pearson. From the beginning it was a disaster. Many of their patients developed pustules on their bodies, not just the solitary pustule at the inoculation site as Jenner had claimed. One of their five hundred patients died, which was more than the one in six to eight hundred that Woodville expected from his many years at the inoculation hospital. Woodville concluded that there was little difference between inoculated cowpox and inoculated smallpox (Woodville 1799, pp 57-59). Jenner refuted Woodville's claims at once. None of his patients had ever developed more than a single pustule. The problem lay in the Inoculation Hospital where the atmosphere, fixtures, and even Woodville himself, were so marinated in smallpox that he had accidentally contaminated his vaccine. When none of Woodville's private patients, who were vaccinated away from the hospital, developed any other sores he concluded that Jenner was correct. Although Pearson had confirmed many of Jenner's claims about cowpox, relations between the two men soured, especially when Pearson founded a vaccination clinic in London and offered Jenner a subsidiary role in its management. The Vaccine Institute, Pearson's project, was intended to monopolise the vaccination trade in London and generate a large private practice in vaccination for its founder. Matters came to a head in 1802 when Jenner's friends petitioned Parliament to grant Jenner an honorarium of £10,000 to compensate him for the lost income he suffered while developing his innovation. But Jenner made a near fatal mistake. He opened his petition, claiming that he was the true discover of the benefits of cowpox (House of Commons Committee 1802, p 7). Later in the document, his nephew George corrected this, claiming instead that the person to person transmission was the original discovery which had established vaccination. Jenner's misstatement opened the way for George Pearson. During the House of Commons investigation Pearson gave testimony that he had gathered a great deal of information implying that Jenner did not deserve the reward. His case was based on several features of Jenner's work. Firstly, Jenner had not 'discovered' that cowpox prevented smallpox, this fact had been known for at least 30 years before Jenner's The Inquiry was published. Secondly, Jenner did not understand the basis of his 'discovery' since he believed that 'grease' was the source of cowpox and claimed that he had immunised with material taken from horses' hooves. Numerous attempts to confirm this observation had failed. A farmer named Jesty, and at least one other doctor, had inoculated with cowpox material years before Jenner so he did not deserve to claim priority. Finally, Pearson and Dr William Woodville, physician to the Smallpox and Inoculation Hospital, had been the first to confirm Jenner's observations by initiating a large series of vaccinations, which were far superior in their value to the few cases Jenner had produced. Most of Pearson's comments were fair; only the claims that he and Woodville had initiated trials confirming the findings were shown to be untrue. Another physician, Henry Cline, had begun before them. Indeed, Jenner had never claimed that he had discovered the value of cowpox, nor had he claimed that he was the first to vaccinate. His claim was based on his demonstration that the agent could be passed from person to person while retaining its protective properties. Parliament found in favour of Jenner and voted to give him £10,000. Many medical innovations divide public opinion. Immunisation has been opposed by some parts of society from its very beginnings. Opponents of vaccination (cowpox inoculation) used Pearson's arguments to denigrate Jenner and deprecate his discovery. Pearson went so far as to invite farmer Jesty to London where he had his portrait painted. This was hung in the Vaccine Establishment as a reminder of the view that Jenner's reputation was inflated (Pearson et al. 1805). Much of the opposition to vaccination stemmed from the undoubted success of inoculation. Woodville admitted that the Smallpox Hospital had misled their patients into believing that they were being inoculated when they were being vaccinated because they would have refused 'cowpoxing'. Families all over Britain had been inoculated in the great expansion of the practice brought about by the Suttons (Boylston 2011). Now parents and grandparents wanted the same well known and well regarded treatment for their own children. Country doctors who had used inoculation with great success for the whole of their careers were reluctant to give up a practice that they trusted for a less well understood innovation. Within a decade of Jenner's first publication it was clear that there was a major flaw in vaccination: it did not produce lifelong immunity to smallpox. Shortly after the new practice began to spread, cases of true smallpox in patients previously vaccinated appeared. At first Jenner tried to explain them away by claiming that the inoculator was an unskilled operator, or that he had used spurious cowpox to perform the operation. However, soon there were cases where there could be no explanation, other than a failure of vaccination to provide protection. Eventually even one of Jenner's patients developed severe confluent smallpox ten years after the master had performed his vaccination. Although none of these cases had been fatal, their existence raised the possibility of severe disease. Everyone knew that sometimes smallpox was discrete and other times confluent. Parents now faced the anxiety of what to do about their vaccinated children. Should they have them inoculated to be on the safe side? To many, such failures argued that Jenner had been wrong and that vaccination was a failed experiment that should be abandoned. Since the idea that 'grease' was the forerunner of cowpox had been proven false, perhaps the value of cowpox was also an illusion. Jenner's concept of 'spurious cowpox' was attacked. Nothing like spurious smallpox or spurious measles existed, so why believe in 'spurious cowpox'. If that idea was also false, then all of Jenner's arguments relying on it as the explanation for failed vaccinations were also false. Inoculators resorted to the timeless medical teaching 'never abandon experience for experiment'. One of the first to notice that vaccination sometimes failed was Daniel Sutton (Sutton 1796; Boylston 2011). He replied to a Royal College of Physicians circular asking for information about the success of cowpox, giving a report of two patients that he had personally vaccinated with cowpox who had subsequently developed smallpox. He was livid when the College demanded that he attend in person and bring exact details of his cases. How dare they imply that he was lying? It would be Sutton's last public appearance where he defended what had become commonly known as 'the Suttonian method' in contradistinction to 'cowpoxing'. But his treatment was a symptom of another issue surrounding vaccination. Opponents of vaccination felt that the medical establishment had sold out to Jenner and were censoring all criticism. |Eventually it would become clear that vaccination 'wore off' after a few years and that it only provided complete protection for 3-5 years in some individuals. But to some even this was a nuisance since inoculation provided lifelong protection. Because vaccination would eventually prove such a huge success and lead to the eradication of smallpox it can be difficult for modern observers to realise exactly how controversial vaccination was in the early 19th century. Jenner's reputation was under attack from several aspects. It becomes easier to understand why John Baron, Jenner's biographer deliberately mislead posterity by publishing a truncated version of Fewster's letter, which only included his comments that he did not think cowpox was better than smallpox. For years Jenner's opponents had argued that Fewster, not Jenner, was the true discoverer of inoculation and Baron wanted to stamp on this claim. Fewster himself never claimed that he was the originator and remained friends with Jenner, even sending him occasional case reports to add to his collection. Yet Baron clearly took Fewster's letter seriously enough to misrepresent its contents and to belittle Fewster's subsequent lack of interest in cowpox when Jenner tried to raise the subject at their medical society meetings. He inadvertently confirms the likely accuracy of the account by trying to discredit it. Baron even suggests that the other members of the society threatened to banish Jenner if he did not stop his continual dialogue around cowpox. The effect of Baron's autobiography is to characterise Fewster and his colleagues as ignorant fools who were unable to appreciate the genius of Jenner. Whatever Fewster did, it was enough to upset John Baron. Yet, despite having ample opportunity for over twenty years, Edward Jenner never refuted Fewster's account of the discovery of the cowpox effect. Modern smallpox texts cite Fewster as an example of a discredited claim for priority and never publish the entire text of his letter. Further, some of them confuse the issue by stating that Fewster claimed to have reported his findings to a London medical society and that no published records of the event remained. Quite where the various versions of Fewster's actions came from is difficult to track down. Certainly there could not have been a presentation to the London Medical Society in 1765 since that organization wasn't founded until 1776, and Fewster could not have made his discovery in 1765, as some accounts claim, because he only moved to Thornbury in 1768. These versions appear to be attempts to defuse the claims of the importance of Fewster's role by reducing them to unpublished observations that had no impact on the subsequent development of vaccination. Baron's creation of the milkmaid myth serves a similar purpose. In the absence of any statement from Jenner about what had really happened the Fewster letter gained credence. By planting the milkmaid story, and claiming that Jenner had told it to him more than once, Baron provided and alternative version, which he strengthened by claiming that Jenner had repeated it on his death bed. Baron's milkmaid fiction soon took on a life of its own. Subsequent authors attempted to explain how a milkmaid could have known that cowpox protected her from smallpox by inventing a tradition that milkmaids had singularly beautiful faces because they were not scarred by smallpox. However, no one ever commented on this at the time (the 1760's or before) and there are good reasons to believe that it was not so. For one thing boys as well as girls milked cows in England, and no one ever suggested that cowboys had smooth complexions. Furthermore, both smallpox and cowpox occurred sporadically and there was no reason why a future milkmaid would get cowpox first. There should have been both scarred and smooth milkmaids and, again, no one noticed. Smallpox was actually not very contagious so that during an outbreak at a farm or small farming village a few individuals would escape the infection by chance or because they were resistant to the virus (Dixon 1962, p 250). There would be no way to connect their escape to a previous attack of cowpox until artificial infection - that is, inoculation - made the link obvious. Note: This article is based on Chapter 25 ('The pretty milkmaids') in Boylston AW (2012). Defying Providence: Smallpox and the forgotten 18th century medical revolution. ISBN 978-1478232452. This James Lind Library commentary has been republished in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2013;106:351-354,395-398 References
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