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Chapter 10. Biological Rhythms and Sleep
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By Rafael Pelayo, M.D. Perhaps nowhere else does modern neuroscience and psychiatry merge as naturally as in a discussion of sleep disorders. Sleep and dreams are at the core of the mystery (and wonderment) of the relationship between the brain and the mind. Seeking an understanding of sleep has been influential in the development of our culture. As we trace its history, we can also look forward to the advances in the field of sleep medicine that are yet to come. In prehistoric societies, attempts to understand the imagery of nighttime dreams and nightmares might have given rise to concepts of the spiritual world and religion. In medieval times, the phenomena of sleep paralysis, night terrors, and sleepwalking may have been interpreted as supernatural events. Three hundred years ago the recurring nighttime afflictions of restless leg syndrome were thought to be a curse until Dr. Thomas Willis (famed for recognizing the blood supply to the brain, now called the Circle of Willis) accurately described it as a neurological disease. In the late 19th century sleep was viewed as a passive state which occurred in the absence of brain stimulation. Thomas Edison even thought that the invention of the light bulb would allow us to avoid sleeping. The interest of a young neurologist named Sigmund Freud in sleep and dreams opened a new chapter in psychiatry. Years later, a medical student named William Dement was interested in finding a neurological basis to understand Freud's dream theories. In 1952, Dement helped discover the relationship between rapid eye movements in sleep as measured by an electroencephalogram (EEG) and dream recall. © 2014 TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.
Keyword: Sleep
Link ID: 19093 - Posted: 01.04.2014
One night of sleep deprivation can increase the levels of molecules that are biomarkers for brain damage, according to a new study out of Sweden. The study, conducted by researchers from Uppsala University's Department of Neuroscience and published in the journal Sleep, looked at levels of two types of brain molecules. These molecules typically rise in the blood under conditions resulting in brain damage or distress. An increase in levels of the molecules can be measured after everything from sports injuries to the head and carbon monoxide poisoning, to sleep apnea and fetal distress after childbirth. Researchers measured the levels of NSE and S-100B in the blood of 15 healthy young men who were sleep-deprived for one night, and found morning serum levels of the molecules increased by about 20 per cent compared with values obtained after a night of sleep. "The blood concentration of both biomarkers was elevated after sleep loss. This makes it unlikely that our results were caused by chance," lead researcher Christian Benedict said. He said the results indicate a lack of sleep may promote "neurodegenerative processes. "In conclusion, the findings of our trial indicate that a good night's sleep may be critical for maintaining brain health," he said. © CBC 2014
Keyword: Sleep
Link ID: 19085 - Posted: 01.02.2014
By Gary Stix Is sleep good for everything? Scientists hate giving unqualified answers. But the more sleep researchers look, the more the answer seems to be tending toward a resounding affirmative. The slumbering brain plays an essential role in learning and memory, one of the findings that sleep researchers have reinforced repeatedly in recent years. But that's not all. There's a growing recognition that sleep appears to be involved in regulating basic metabolic processes and even in mental health. Robert Stickgold, a leading sleep researcher based at Harvard Medical School, gives a précis here of the current state of sommeil as it relates to memory, schizophrenia, depression, diabetes—and he even explains what naps are good for. How far have we come in understanding sleep? Although we understood the function of every other basic drive 2,000 years ago, we are still struggling to figure out what the biological functions of sleep are. One of the clearest messages now is that for every two hours humans spend awake during the day, the brain needs an hour offline to process the information it takes in and figure out what to save and what to dump and how to file and what it all means. So what is sleep for? Memories are processed during sleep. But sleep doesn't have just one function. It's a little bit like listening to tongue researchers arguing about whether the function of the tongue has to do with taste or speech. And you want to say: 'Guys, c'mon, it's both.' There's very good evidence now that sleep, besides helping memory, has a role in immune and endocrine functions. There's a lot of talk about to what extent the obesity epidemic is actually a consequence of too little sleep. © 2013 Scientific American
Ed Yong As the H1N1 swine flu pandemic swept the world in 2009, China saw a spike in cases of narcolepsy — a mysterious disorder that involves sudden, uncontrollable sleepiness. Meanwhile, in Europe, around 1 in 15,000 children who were given Pandemrix — a now-defunct flu vaccine that contained fragments of the pandemic virus — also developed narcolepsy, a chronic disease. Immunologist Elizabeth Mellins and narcolepsy researcher Emmanuel Mignot at Stanford University School of Medicine in California and their collaborators have now partly solved the mystery behind these events, while also confirming a longstanding hypothesis that narcolepsy is an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks healthy cells. Narcolepsy is mostly caused by the gradual loss of neurons that produce hypocretin, a hormone that keeps us awake. Many scientists had suspected that the immune system was responsible, but the Stanford team has found the first direct evidence: a special group of CD4+ T cells (a type of immune cell) that targets hypocretin and is found only in people with narcolepsy. "Up till now, the idea that narcolepsy was an autoimmune disorder was a very compelling hypothesis, but this is the first direct evidence of autoimmunity," says Mellins. "I think these cells are a smoking gun." The study is published today in Science Translational Medicine1. Thomas Scammell, a neurologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, says that the results are welcome after "years of modest disappointment", marked by many failures to find antibodies made by a person's body against their own hypocretin. "It's one of the biggest things to happen in the narcolepsy field for some time." It is not clear why some people make these T cells and others do not, but genetics may play a part. In earlier work2, Mignot showed that 98% of people with narcolepsy have a variant of the gene HLA that is found in only 25% of the general population. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group
Keyword: Narcolepsy; Neuroimmunology
Link ID: 19055 - Posted: 12.19.2013
By Sanaz Majd MD Scientific American presents House Call Doctor by Quick & Dirty Tips. Scientific American and Quick & Dirty Tips are both Macmillan companies. Have you been told by your spouse that you "fidget" in the middle of the night? Or have you noticed your legs or feet may have a mind of their own when you're trying to fall asleep? Do you have an urge to move your legs a lot at bedtime? You may very well be one of the many people who remain undiagnosed with the condition called Restless Legs Syndrome, or RLS. For those who have never experienced RLS, it may seem like a very odd and peculiar phenomenon. But if you've ever had these symptoms, you may be surprised to learn that this is an actual medical condition. Maybe you've already mentioned it to your doctor, or maybe you never realized it was real until now. Either way, let's find out more about Restless Legs Syndrome and how it's treated. What Is RLS? I've actually discussed RLS in a previous episode on insomnia, and you may want to revisit that episode before moving on to this one. But in a nutshell, here are the symptoms that up to 10% of the American population are estimated to be suffering from: © 2013 Scientific American
Keyword: Sleep
Link ID: 19026 - Posted: 12.12.2013
By MAGGIE KOERTH-BAKER More than a decade ago, a 43-year-old woman went to a surgeon for a hysterectomy. She was put under, and everything seemed to be going according to plan, until, for a horrible interval, her anesthesia stopped working. She couldn't open her eyes or move her fingers. She tried to breathe, but even that most basic reflex didn't seem to work; a tube was lodged in her throat. She was awake and aware on the operating table, but frozen and unable to tell anyone what was happening. Studies of anesthesia awareness are full of such horror stories, because administering anesthesia is a tightrope walk. Too much can kill. But too little can leave a patient aware of the procedure and unable to communicate that awareness. For every 1,000 people who undergo general anesthesia, there will be one or two who are not as unconscious as they seem — people who remember their doctors talking, and who are aware of the surgeon's knife, even while their bodies remain catatonic and passive. For the unlucky 0.13 percent for whom anesthesia goes awry, there's not really a good preventive. That's because successful anesthetization requires complete unconsciousness, and consciousness isn't something we can measure. There are tools that anesthesiologists use to get a pretty good idea of how well their drugs are working, but these systems are imperfect. For most patients receiving inhaled anesthesia, they're no better at spotting awareness than dosing metrics developed half a century ago, says George Mashour, a professor of anesthesiology at the University of Michigan Medical School. There are two intertwined mysteries at work, Mashour told me: First, we don't totally understand how anesthetics work, at least not on a neurological basis. Second, we really don't understand consciousness — how the brain creates it, or even what, exactly, it is. © 2013 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Consciousness; Sleep
Link ID: 19025 - Posted: 12.11.2013
by Laura Sanders If you own a television, a computer or a smartphone, you may have seen ads for Lumosity, the brain-training regimen that promises to sharpen your wits and improve your life. Take the bait, and you'll first create a profile that includes your age, how much sleep you get, the time of day you're most productive and other minutiae about your life and habits. After this digital debriefing, you can settle in and start playing games designed to train simple cognitive skills like arithmetic, concentration and short-term recall. The 50 million people signed up for Lumosity presumably have done so because they want to improve their brains, and these games promise an easy, fun way to do that. The program also offers metrics, allowing users to chart their progress over weeks, months and years. Written in these personal digital ledgers are clues that might help people optimize their performance. With careful recordkeeping, for example, you might discover that you hit peak brainpower after precisely one-and-a-half cups of medium roast coffee at 10:34 a.m. on Tuesdays. But you're not the only one who has access to this information. With each click, your performance data will fly by Internet into the eager hands of scientists at Lumos Labs, the San Francisco company that created Lumosity. Giant datasets like this one, created as a by-product of people paying money to learn about and improve themselves, will revolutionize research in human health and behavior, some scientists believe. Lumos Labs researchers hope that their brain-training data in particular could reveal deep truths about how the human mind works. They believe that they have a nimble, customizable and cheap way to discover things about the brain that would otherwise take huge amounts of money and many years to unearth with standard lab-based studies. Other researchers have also taken note, and some have gotten permission to use Lumosity data in their own research. Some of these researchers are hunting for subtle signatures of Alzheimer's in the data. Others are investigating more fundamental mysteries with cross-cultural studies of how the brain builds emotions and how memory works. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013.
Keyword: Alzheimers; Sleep
Link ID: 18984 - Posted: 11.30.2013
By Emilie Reas Did you make it to work on time this morning? Go ahead and thank the traffic gods, but also take a moment to thank your brain. The brain's impressively accurate internal clock allows us to detect the passage of time, a skill essential for many critical daily functions. Without the ability to track elapsed time, our morning shower could continue indefinitely. Without that nagging feeling to remind us we've been driving too long, we might easily miss our exit. But how does the brain generate this finely tuned mental clock? Neuroscientists believe that we have distinct neural systems for processing different types of time, for example, to maintain a circadian rhythm, to control the timing of fine body movements, and for conscious awareness of time passage. Until recently, most neuroscientists believed that this latter type of temporal processing – the kind that alerts you when you've lingered over breakfast for too long – is supported by a single brain system. However, emerging research indicates that the model of a single neural clock might be too simplistic. A new study, recently published in the Journal of Neuroscience by neuroscientists at the University of California, Irvine, reveals that the brain may in fact have a second method for sensing elapsed time. What's more, the authors propose that this second internal clock not only works in parallel with our primary neural clock, but may even compete with it. Past research suggested that a brain region called the striatum lies at the heart of our central inner clock, working with the brain's surrounding cortex to integrate temporal information. For example, the striatum becomes active when people pay attention to how much time has passed, and individuals with Parkinson's Disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that disrupts input to the striatum, have trouble telling time. © 2013 Scientific American
Keyword: Attention; Biological Rhythms
Link ID: 18978 - Posted: 11.27.2013
By Jill U. Adams, Every morning I am greeted by Facebook friends complaining of sleepless nights or awakenings. I know the feeling — as do many other Americans. In a 2005 survey of 1,506 Americans by the National Sleep Foundation, 54 percent reported at least one symptom of insomnia — difficulty falling asleep, waking a lot during the night, waking up too early or waking up feeling unrefreshed — at least a few nights a week over the previous year. Thirty-three percent said they had experienced symptoms almost every night. If insomnia visited me that often, I'd be tempted to pick up something at the pharmacy — something easy, something safe, something that didn't involve making a doctor's appointment. Indeed, 10 to 20 percent of Americans take over-the-counter sleep aids each year, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The way they're marketed, over-the-counter sleep aids sound very appealing: The new product ZzzQuil (yes, from the maker of NyQuil) promises "a beautiful night's sleep;" an ad says you'll "fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer" after using Unisom. Companies marketing the herb valerian root and the hormone melatonin as over-the-counter sleep aids make similar claims. But what's the evidence that supports these claims? "It's quite lean," says Andrew Krystal, who directs the sleep research program at Duke University. Over-the-counter sleep aids work differently from prescription drugs for insomnia. Most are simply antihistamines in sheep's clothing. (Yes, that's a joke.) The majority of them — ZzzQuil, TylenolPM and Unisom SleepGels — contain diphenhydramine as the active ingredient, the same compound in Benadryl. (Unisom SleepTabs use doxylamine, another antihistamine.) © 1996-2013 The Washington Post
Keyword: Sleep
Link ID: 18973 - Posted: 11.26.2013
By BENEDICT CAREY Curing insomnia in people with depression could double their chance of a full recovery, scientists are reporting. The findings, based on an insomnia treatment that uses talk therapy rather than drugs, are the first to emerge from a series of closely watched studies of sleep and depression to be released in the coming year. A student demonstrating equipment at Colleen Carney's sleep lab at Ryerson University. Dr. Carney is the lead author of a new report about the effects of insomnia treatment on depression. The new report affirms the results of a smaller pilot study, giving scientists confidence that the effects of the insomnia treatment are real. If the figures continue to hold up, the advance will be the most significant in the treatment of depression since the introduction of Prozac in 1987. Depression is the most common mental disorder, affecting some 18 million Americans in any given year, according to government figures, and more than half of them also have insomnia. Experts familiar with the new report said that the results were plausible and that if supported by other studies, they should lead to major changes in treatment. "It would be an absolute boon to the field," said Dr. Nada L. Stotland, professor of psychiatry at Rush Medical College in Chicago, who was not connected with the latest research. "It makes good common sense clinically," she continued. "If you have a depression, you're often awake all night, it's extremely lonely, it's dark, you're aware every moment that the world around you is sleeping, every concern you have is magnified." The study is the first of four on sleep and depression nearing completion, all financed by the National Institute of Mental Health. They are evaluating a type of talk therapy for insomnia that is cheap, relatively brief and usually effective, but not currently a part of standard treatment. © 2013 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Depression; Sleep
Link ID: 18945 - Posted: 11.19.2013
By NICHOLAS BAKALAR Children who do not sleep enough may be increasing their risk for obesity, according to a new study. Researchers randomly divided 37 children aged 8 to 11 into two groups. Each group increased their habitual time in bed by an hour and a half per night for one week, then decreased their time by the same amount the next week. They wore electronic devices to measure sleep time, were assessed for daily food intake three times a week, and had blood tests to measure leptin, a hormone that affects hunger, and high levels of which correlate with fat tissue accumulations. Children consumed 134 calories fewer each day during the increased sleep week than the during the week with less sleep. Fasting leptin levels were lower when the children slept more and, over all, the children's weight averaged about a half pound less at the end of long sleep weeks than short ones. The study was published online in Pediatrics. The lead author, Chantelle N. Hart, an associate professor of public health at Temple University who was at Brown University when she did the study, cautioned that it was small, and looked only at acute changes in sleep and their effect on eating behaviors. Still, she said, "I think these findings suggest that getting a good night's sleep in childhood could have important benefits for weight regulation through decreased food intake." Copyright 2013 The New York Times Company
By Joss Fong Sleep is such a large feature of our lives that it's easy to forget how utterly weird it is. Every night, if we're lucky, our brain cells switch into a synchronized pattern, putting our lives and minds on hold for hours. Sleep scientists have yet to fully explain why we spend a third of our lives in this state, let alone why we use some of that time wandering through vivid, nonsensical and sometimes upsetting hallucinations. A recent study in Science suggests that sleep may serve to wash the brain of harmful waste products that build up during the day. Medical researchers observed an increased flow of cerebrospinal fluid in mice that were sleeping or anesthetized. This fluid carries away waste proteins, including one linked to Alzheimer's disease. The findings join other theories on the function of sleep, some of which I discuss above, in our latest Instant Egghead video. © 2013 Scientific American
Keyword: Sleep
Link ID: 18878 - Posted: 11.06.2013
by Simon Makin Sometimes wacky-sounding ideas aren't so crazy after all. If your body clock is all at sea after a long flight or a night shift, the way to reset it may be to scramble your timekeeping neurons even further. The body's master clock resides in a region of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Each neuron in the SCN keeps its own time, but the neurons can synchronise their clocks by sending and receiving signals using a hormone called vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). When Erik Herzog at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri, and colleagues probed the hormone's effects, they discovered that a glut of VIP caused the neurons to lose the ability to synchronise. Herzog's team wondered whether this might have a beneficial effect. "If the cell rhythms are messed up and out of phase, the system may be more sensitive to environmental cues than it would be if all the cells were in sync," he says, allowing the body clock to adjust more readily. The VIP treatment To test the idea, they gave some mice an injection of VIP into the brain before fast-forwarding the light/dark cycle in their cages by 8 hours. The mice that received the hormone adjusted in 4.5 days on average, whereas untreated mice needed nearly eight days – gauging by how active the animals were when the lights were off. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.
Keyword: Biological Rhythms
Link ID: 18855 - Posted: 10.30.2013
by Linda Geddes Anaesthetics usually knock you out like a light. But by slowing the process down so that it takes 45 minutes to become totally unresponsive, researchers have discovered a new signature for unconsciousness. The discovery could lead to more personalised methods for administering anaesthetics and cut the risks associated with being given too high or too low a dose. It also sheds new light on what happens to our brain when we go under the knife. Hundreds of thousands of people are anaesthetised every day, yet researchers still don't fully understand what's going on in the anaesthetised brain. Nor is there a direct way of measuring when someone is truly unresponsive. Instead, anaesthetists rely on indirect measures such as heart and breathing rate, and monitoring reflexes. To investigate further, Irene Tracey and her colleagues at Oxford University slowed the anaesthesia process down. Instead of injecting the anaesthetic propofol in one go, which triggers unconsciousness in seconds, the drug was administered gradually so that it took 45 minutes for 16 volunteers to become fully anaesthetised. Their brain activity was monitored throughout using electroencephalography (EEG). The study was then repeated on 12 of these volunteers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). EEG recordings revealed that before the volunteers became completely unresponsive to external stimuli they progressed through a sleep-like state characterised by slow-wave oscillations – a hallmark of normal sleep, in which neurons cycle between activity and inactivity. As the dose of anaesthetic built up, more and more neurons fell into this pattern, until a plateau was reached when no more neurons were recruited, regardless of the dose administered. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd.
Keyword: Consciousness; Sleep
Link ID: 18836 - Posted: 10.26.2013
By Consumer Reports, You wake up tired after a full night's sleep. Maybe you've become a bit forgetful, and you struggle to stay awake at work or behind the wheel. The problem might be obstructive sleep apnea, an often overlooked condition that has increased sharply in the past 20 years. In the United States, more than 40 percent of men and 28 percent of women between the ages of 50 and 70 experience obstructed breathing while asleep, according to researchers whose work was published online in April by the American Journal of Epidemiology. About 17 percent of the men and 9 percent of the women have cases serious enough to meet the Medicare criteria for a sleep apnea diagnosis. But even milder cases can affect your health. Obstructive sleep apnea causes the muscles and tissues in the lower throat to collapse, blocking the flow of air to the lungs during sleep. A person with obstructive sleep apnea may stop breathing, typically for 20 to 25 seconds or for as long as two minutes. The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood rises, triggering an alarm in the brain that stirs the sleeper to resume breathing. That cycle can repeat itself dozens of times an hour throughout the night, preventing the sleeper from reaching the restorative stages of deep sleep. Upon awakening, he or she usually has no recollection of those events. Overweight men are the most frequently affected because they tend to have a throat with bulkier soft tissue and fat deposits, but women and people of normal weight also develop sleep apnea. Loud snoring can be a warning sign, especially if you learn from a bed partner or roommate that you gasp for breath or choke while you are asleep. High blood pressure and heart-rhythm abnormalities are also red flags, especially if you take antihypertensive medication and still have trouble keeping blood pressure under control. Waking up with a headache may also signal the condition. © 1996-2013 The Washington Post
Keyword: Sleep
Link ID: 18820 - Posted: 10.22.2013
Maggie Fox NBC News Every cell in your body has a little clock ticking away in it, researchers reported on Sunday. And while most of you is aging in a coordinated way, odd anomalies that have the researchers curious: Your heart may be "younger" than the rest of your tissues, and a woman's breasts are older. Tumors are the oldest of all, a finding reported in the journal Genome Biology that might help scientists better understand cancer, explain why breast cancer is so common and help researchers find better ways to prevent it. Less surprising, but intriguing: embryonic stem cells, the body's master cells, look just like newborns with a biological age of zero. The new measurements might be useful in the search for drugs or other treatments that can turn back the clock on aging tissue and perhaps treating or preventing diseases of aging, such as heart disease and cancer, says Steve Horvath, a professor of genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. "The big question is whether the biological clock controls a process that leads to aging," Horvath said. Horvath looked at a genetic process called methylation. It's a kind of chemical reaction that turns on or off stretches of DNA. All cells have the entire genetic map inside; methylation helps determine which bits of the map the cells use to perform specific functions.
Keyword: Biological Rhythms
Link ID: 18816 - Posted: 10.21.2013
By GRETCHEN REYNOLDS If you consider yourself to be a born morning person or an inveterate night owl, there is new research that supports your desire to wake up early or stay up late. Each of us has a personal "chronotype," or unique circadian rhythm, says Till Roenneberg, a professor of chronobiology at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich and one of the world's experts on sleep. In broad strokes, these chronotypes are usually characterized as early, intermediate or late, corresponding to people who voluntarily go to bed and wake early, at a moderate hour or vampirishly late. If you are forced to wake up earlier than your body naturally would, you suffer from what Roenneberg calls "social jet lag." People with an early chronotype may do well with a 7 a.m. workday rising time, but others do not. Sleeping out of sync with your innate preferences can be detrimental to your health, especially for late chronotypes, who tend to be the most at odds with typical work schedules. A study conducted by the National Institutes of Health and published in March in PLOS ONE found that obese adults with late chronotypes tended to eat larger meals, develop more sleep apnea and have higher levels of stress hormones and lower levels of HDL, or "good," cholesterol than obese people with other chronotypes. Their chronotype may also have contributed to weight gain in the first place, Roenneberg says. Research has shown that a single hour of social jet lag, the mismatch between your chronotype and your schedule, increases your risk for obesity by about 33 percent. In a study published in June in Chronobiology International, late-night chronotypes gained more weight during their freshman years at college than other new students did, even though college is one of the best fits for night owls. Copyright 2013 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Biological Rhythms; Genes & Behavior
Link ID: 18815 - Posted: 10.21.2013
by Tina Hesman Saey Sleep hoses garbage out of the brain, a study of mice finds. The trash, including pieces of proteins that cause Alzheimer's disease, piles up while the rodents are awake. Sleep opens spigots that bathe the brain in fluids and wash away the potentially toxic buildup, researchers report in the Oct. 18 Science. The discovery may finally reveal why sleep seems mandatory for every animal. It may also shed new light on the causes of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. "It's really an eye-opening and intriguing finding," says Chiara Cirelli, a sleep researcher at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The results have already led her and other sleep scientists to rethink some of their own findings. Although sleep requirements vary from individual to individual and across species, a complete lack of it is deadly. But no one knows why. One popular idea is that sleep severs weak connections between brain cells and strengthens more robust connections to solidify memories (SN Online: 4/2/09; SN Online: 6/23/11). But a good memory is not a biological imperative. "You don't die from forgetting what you learned yesterday," says Maiken Nedergaard, a neuroscientist at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York who led the study. Researchers in Nedergaard's lab stumbled upon sleep's role in garbage clearance while studying a brain drainage system they described last year (SN: 9/22/12, p. 15). This service, called the glymphatic system, flushes fluid from the brain and spinal cord into the space between brain cells. Ultimately, the fluid and any debris it carries washes into the liver for disposal. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013
Keyword: Sleep; Learning & Memory
Link ID: 18813 - Posted: 10.19.2013
by Laura Sanders After Baby V joined our team, one of the first things people would ask is, "Are you getting any sleep?" (The answer was, and is, no.) The recurring question highlights how sorely lacking sleep is for new parents. Capitalism noticed us tired parents, too: Countless products beckon exhausted families with promises of eight, 10, even 12 hours of blissful, uninterrupted sleep. You can buy special swaddles, white noise machines, swings that sway like a moving car and books upon books that whisper contradictory secrets of how to get your baby to sleep through the night. (If you don't have time to read them all, mother-of-twins Ava Neyer helpfully breaks down all of the advice for you.) As the owner of a stack of such books, I was intrigued by this recent review: "Behavioral sleep interventions in the first six months of life do not improve outcomes for mothers or infants: A systematic review." Excuse me? The Sleep Sheep, the Baby Whisperer and the Sleep Lady lied to me? At the behest of the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health Research, Australians Pamela Douglas and Peter Hill combed through the existing scientific literature on sleep interventions looking for benefits. These interventions included delaying responses to infant cues (also known by its cold-hearted name of "crying it out"), sticking to a feeding or sleeping schedule and other ways that aim to teach a baby how to fall asleep without the need to eat or be held. After analyzing 43 studies on infant sleep interventions, the team concluded that these methods weren't beneficial for babies younger than six months, or their mothers. The studies didn't convincingly show that interventions curb infant crying, prevent sleep or behavioral problems later or protect against maternal depression, Douglas and Hill write in the September Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013.
Keyword: Sleep; Development of the Brain
Link ID: 18778 - Posted: 10.12.2013
by Andy Coghlan Swifts are said to spend most of their lives airborne, but no one has ever proved this. Now, a study suggests there's some truth to it: alpine swifts spend more than six consecutive months aloft, not even resting after migrating to north Africa following their breeding season in Europe. "Up to now, such long-lasting locomotive activity had been reported only for animals living in the sea," says Felix Liechti of the Swiss Ornithological Institute in Sempach. Liechti and his colleagues attached 1.5-gram data loggers to three alpine swifts (Tachymarptis melba) at a Swiss breeding site, and recaptured the birds the following year. The loggers recorded the birds' acceleration and geographic location. The measurements suggest that for 200 days, all three swifts remained airborne while migrating to and wintering in Africa. Liechti says researchers have previously asserted but never proved that newborn common swifts spend three years aloft before landing for breeding. "Amazing, truly amazing," says Carsten Egevang of the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources in Nuuk of Liechti's findings. "We knew that swifts stay on the wing for long periods, but 200 days is very impressive." The birds survive on airborne plankton, and almost certainly sleep on the wing too, Liechti says. "It has been assumed that the birds 'sleep' only for seconds, or use only one half of the brain while the other half is resting," he says. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd
Keyword: Sleep
Link ID: 18767 - Posted: 10.09.2013


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Who sells large (1.25" water heater element size) food grade silicone gaskets? Bargain Fittings sells o-rings, but no gaskets that size. I have found sheets of gasket material, but no gaskets that size.
I cut one from a length of silicone tubing I had. Works like a charm and was quite inexpensive.
I have extra material... prob 3/16th thick. If you want, PM me and Ill send you some...
McMaster Carr
Grainger but in packs of 10, still decent price though
bed bath and beyond sells all kinds of silicone cookie sheets, cup cake molds etc that can be cut into gaskets.
Sorry to bring back and old thread....but how can you cut a clean hole in a silicone square like in the picture above ? I need to make one myself but I'm unsure how to proceed

subset: commoncrawl


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Blessed Joseph Allamano
Also known as
- Giuseppe Allamano
Fourth of five children; nephew of Saint John Cafasso. His father died when Joseph was three years old. Studied at the Salesian Oratory in Valdocco, Italy; Saint John Bosco was one of Giuseppe's spiritual directors. He entered the diocesan seminary of Turin, Italy in November 1866. Ordained on 20 September 1873. Spiritual director of the Turin seminary. Appointed rector of the Consolata Shrine on 2 October 1880; he remodeled the shrine, and made it a source for spiritual renewal throughout the diocese. Founded the Consolata Missionary Priests and Brothers on 29 January 1901; the first missionaries reached Kenya in 1902. On 29 January 1910 he founded the Consolata Missionary Sisters for women with a missionary vocation.
- 21 January 1851 at Castelnuova, Asti, Italy
- 16 February 1926 at Turin, Italy of natural causes
- if you have information relevant to the canonization of Blessed Joseph, contact
Rev. Francesco Pavese, IMC
Missionari della Consolata
Viale delle Mura Aurelie 11-13
00165 Roma, ITALY
Additional Information
MLA Citation
- "Blessed Joseph Allamano". Saints.SQPN.com. 31 January 2014. Web. 3 March 2015. <>


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Marcel Breuer, Saint Bernard Hall: photo by author.
About a month ago, the architecture faculty and administration of the University of Minnesota joined the entering class of first year graduate students for a weekend retreat at St. John's University. This retreat is an annual gathering organized by Terrence Rafferty, Director of Graduate Admissions and Recruitment, as well as Renee Cheng, Professor and Head of the department. The event provides matriculating students an opportunity to develop bonds with their new piers and professors before classes begin—in a meditative setting comprised by a collection of inspired buildings designed by Marcel Breuer.It was my first experience to visit St. John's, and I spent several hours with colleagues studying Breuer's masterpieces there, including the Abbey, the Alcuin Library, Saint Bernard Hall, the Peter Engel Science Center, and the Chapter House. We even had an opportunity to traverse the catwalks in the Abbey ceiling—an unforgettable experience, and certainly not for the faint of heart. Gazing up at the soaring, sculptural masses of board-formed concrete—light filtering through Joseph Albers' colorful skylights or cellular membranes comprised of stained glass—I felt captivated by the powerful aspirations that Breuer and his client were able to realize in physical form. As a result, I not only learned more about this particular epoch (from 1955 to 1968), but also about our own time.My initial thought was: "Have we lost something?" In the decades that followed Breuer's time at St. John's, architecture has responded to increased budget and schedule challenges motivated by commercial developers seeking to "tighten the screws." In my opinion, these pressures have brought about a kind of "new corporate" architecture marked by a relentless adherence to rigid formulas of floor-area ratios, glazing areas, floor-to-floor heights, maximum facade depths, and so on. Sadly, this situation has not been limited to commercial markets, but has also infiltrated virtually every other building type. Moreover, the way many firms now practice "green design" is defined by yet another layer of proscriptive, checklist-style decision-making that ironically enhances a building's sterility and banality.Architecture may face new challenges today that didn't exist several decades ago, but it doesn't have to lose its vibrancy. Breuer's work at St. John's is breathtaking in its unapologetic ambition. These structures not only met their own programmatic requirements; they celebrated them. However, client directives were not imposed via "tightening the screws," but rather in the form of enlightened and essential considerations such as accessibility, procession, and connection to light. In these edifices one sees the dreams of the client and architect manifest simultaneously—an experience truly humbling for our time. As we struggle to create our own chapter for architecture, we must also remember to dream.
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A joyful package for your honeymoon, anniversary, or other special occasion Mira Monte Inn offers you five different plans so you can make your own personalized romantic choices. We welcome you to choose one of our elegant rooms with romantic rooms with whirlpool, fireplace, and private balcony overlooking our award-winning gardens, one of the "Gardens of Eden" in Bar Harbor and Acadia National Park.
* Daily breakfast buffet: 8 to 10 AM * Wine, cheese: 5 to 7 PM Fresh flowers in your room
[Check Availability / Make Reservation] Mira Monte is a NON-Smoking Property
NOTE: Because of other businesses involved, activity offerings may vary slightly and final package rates may change. Confirmed reservations are guaranteed the purchased price. Usually activities proceed regardless of weather, but in severe weather cancellation policies of the individual businesses are followed. PLAN CONTENTS ARE FIXED AS OUTLINED AND CHANGES ARE NOT PERMITTED.
This 4 day package starts at $728 and varies depending on choice of room and seasonal rate changes. Valid from May 23 thru Oct 14th.
* Additional nights are possible at discount rates based on room availability. Advance reservations are strongly recommended
Mira Monte Inn Bed and Breakfast 69 Mt Desert St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 Telephone: 207-288-4263 800-553-5109 Fax 207-288/3115
A Bar Harbor Bed and Breakfast Inn / B&B / Inn / Bar Harbor Lodging Accommodations


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About Good Grief Blogger Jen Singer
By Jen Singer
Jen Singer is a suburban mom of two boys who talk to her through the bathroom door. She is the blogger behind Good Housekeeping's Good Grief! Mom of Tweens blog and the creator of MommaSaid.net, a Forbes Best of the Web community for mothers around the world who need some comic relief now and then. She's the author of the Stop Second Guessing Yourself parenting series and You're a Good Mom (and Your Kids Aren't So Bad Either). Her humor has appeared in American Baby, Family Circle, The New York Times, Parenting, Parents, Woman's Day, and Chicken Soup for Every Mom's Soul. A non Hodgkins lymphoma survivor, she is also the moderator of the Parenting with Cancer message boards for Planet Cancer. During school hours, she works feverishly on her books and blogs, though sometimes, she admits, she just stares out the window.
Jen is the creator of Please Take My Children to Work Day, a holiday for stay-at-home moms celebrated on the last Monday of each June; it has been officially proclaimed by governors in several states. Named a Swiffer Amazing Woman of the Year, she got to fly to L.A. to have her picture taken by Hollywood paparazzi alongside Cindy Crawford. (That sort of thing almost never happens at her house.)
She is a Huggies PULL-UPS® Potty Training Partner, a boys' soccer coach, and a serial class mom. She has appeared on ABC's World News Now, NBC News, and CBS's The Early Show, numerous local news programs along the East Coast, and several Canadian TV shows.
Before she began taking phone messages in chalk on the driveway, she wrote about Generation X in Entrepreneur, Home Office Computing, and the Boston Globe, Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, and Miami Herald. She co-produced a comic strip about working from home that appeared in Entrepreneur's Home Office. She majored in mass communication with a concentration in advertising at Boston University, where she also played a pretty tough fullback for the women's soccer team.
She lives in northern New Jersey with her husband, Pete, and their sons, Nicholas, 12, and Christopher, 10, who all hang their jackets on the kitchen chairs even though the closet is, what, about five feet away?


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John and Bayard Cobb Peace Lecture
The second annual Cobb Peace Lecture: "Dead Man Walking—The Journey Continues" delivered by Sister Helen Prejean, CSJ
April 20, 2009
Since 1984, Sister Helen has divided her time between educating citizens about the death penalty and counseling individual death row prisoners. She has accompanied six men to their deaths. In doing so, she began to suspect that some of those executed were not guilty. This realization inspired her second book, The Death of Innocents: An Eyewitness Account of Wrongful Executions, which was released by Random House in December 2004.
Sister Helen Prejean has been instrumental in sparking national dialogue on the death penalty and helping to shape the Catholic church's newly vigorous opposition to state executions. She is a regular interviewee and contributor to national and international publications, and has become a recurring presence on major TV news shows. Sister Helen lives in New Orleans and works with the Death Penalty Discourse Center, the Moratorium Campaign and the Dead Man Walking Play Project.
Opening Remarks by Tom Coburn, President, Naropa University
Introduction by Candace Walworth, Peace Studies Chair
"Dead Man Walking —The Journey Continues" by Sister Helen Prejean, CSJ
Andraa von Boeselager, Administrative Specialist
School of Natural and Social Sciences
2130 Arapahoe Avenue
Boulder, Colorado 80302


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With all the focus lately on Apple and the iPhone, it's easy to forget that RIM has other, likely more serious, threats to their enterprise smartphone dominance. Sure, Motorola is in a bit of financial trouble, and Microsoft is burdened by the albatross that is Windows Mobile, but what about Nokia? Large, powerful, Finnish… Sounds like competition to me.
Nokia recently announced their Q2 financial results, and the results are good. The company reported a 28% jump in net sales to $17.2 billion USD, along with a rise in operating margin from 15.3% to 18.7%. Their net profit jumped to $3.87 billion USD, compared to $1.56 billion a year previously.
But what's most staggering are their device numbers. True, not all of their devices sold are competitors to the BlackBerry, but it's hard to argue with 100 million devices worldwide and 38% of the total global device market.


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Fish Hook Barrel Cactus blooms are refracted in a rain drop after the storm yesterday.
The Spring bloom is now at it's end with a few Saguaro's and the Barrel Cactus putting out there final flowers. TheState is starting to get some storms now. This will usher in the Monsoon bloom of Arizona Caltrop in the southern deserts and the common sunflowers up north along with the annual wildflowers across the high mountains. The Yellow Columbine's are blooming now in Horton Creek and should be good in Workman Creek. (page 164, Wild in Arizona, Photographing Ariz


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About Jaipur Chapter of NIRC of ICSI (an A+ Grade Chapter of ICSI)
Jaipur Chapter is one of the fastest growing and leading chapters of ICSI having more than 25000 plus students and 600 plus Members. The largest Chapter of ICSI in terms of Registration of Students. Jaipur Chapter was constituted on 16th day of October, 1976. Foundation Stone of the Building was laid on 23rd November, 1988 by Shri Shiv Charan Mathur, former Chief Minister of Rajasthan. The Chapter Building was inaugurated by Shri Rajesh pilot, former union Council Minister on 20th October, 1991 which was renovated and inaugurated by Shri Vinayak S khanvalkar, past president, The ICSI. Jaipur Chapter has a Separate Student Services Section to serve the students.
Jaipur Chapter is an A+ category Chapter of the ICSI. Jaipur Chapter Since its incorporation continuously achieving new heights and effectively serving the stake holders i.e. Members, Students, and Government Sector and is committed to serve the profession of Company Secretaries with full vigor.
Landmarks of Jaipur Chapter of NIRC of ICSI
ØBest A+ Category Chapter of ICSI for the Year 2013
National Best Chapter of ICSI for the Year 2012
Ø Best A+ Category Chapter of ICSI for the Year 2012
Ø Host the National convention three times in the year 1980, 1995 & 2007.(First Chapter of the ICSI to host National Convention in the year 1980)
Ø Host NIRC regional Conference three times in the year 1993.
Ø Awarded Best Chapter in various categories in the year 1984-85, 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008.
Ø Awarded regional Best Chapter Award in the years 1984-85, 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91, 1995, 1996, and 1997.
Ø Organized Grand Student Conference every year from the last 4 years.
Ø Awarded A+ category Chapter in the year, 2012 (was the only A+ Category Chapter of NIRC for the year 2012)
Jaipur Chapter has a tradition of developing professional skills by organizing series of programs for upgrading knowledge of students and Members as well as also committed for social Reforms and awareness.


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Articles Tagged 'Michael Tuesdays and Thursdays'
Tricon sells scripted series abroad
TVThe Toronto-based producer and distributor sold multiple seasons of sci-fi drama Sanctuary (pictured) to Italy, Romania and Qatar.
Nominees revealed for 2012 DGC awards
FILMTVUNIONS & GUILDSOn the list is past winner David Cronenberg (pictured), who picked up nominations for best direction and best feature film for A Dangerous Method.
Space cancels Todd and the Book of Pure Evil
TVUNIONS & GUILDSShow creator and exec producer Craig David Wallace broke the news at last night's WGC awards, adding that all four shows nominated in the TV comedy category have since been cancelled.
CBC gives new-season orders for 17, picks up new series
TVThe CBC has ordered a new comedy starring Canadian comic Gerry Dee from Topsail Entertainment, as well as series from Rhombus Media, Take 5 Productions, Wide-Eyed Entertainment and 11 Entertainment.
The definitive CDN broadcast and production resource.
Over 5,000 company listings!
Over 5,000 company listings!


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Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) will import 8 lakh tonnes of furnace oil to fuel the rental and quick rental power plants in six months beginning from July this year, BPC sources said. The BPC has recently finalised the import estimation of the heavy fuel oil (HFO) after it had received requirements from the Power Development Board.
The authorities of the Dhaka City Corporation (South) have been directed to take necessary steps for smooth movement of traffic ahead of Eid-ul-Fitr in Jatrabari area by repairing all the potholes within two days. State Minister for LGRD and Cooperatives Jahangir Kabir Nanak made the directive while visiting the Mayor Hanif Flyover project site at Jatrabari yesterday. The minister said Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina is expected to inaugurate the flyover on March 26 next year.
Malaysian Human Resources Minister Datuk Dr S Subramaniam will visit Bangladesh after Eid-ul Fitr to observe Bangladesh's recruitment procedures before starting to hire Bangladeshi workers, a Malaysian daily reported Friday. Malaysian Cabinet Committee on Foreign Workers and Illegal Immigrants agreed to send a delegation led by Subramaniam as its industries require foreign workers mostly in plantation and manufacturing sectors.
Met Office sources said there is no possibility of severe flood this month; and forecast only a short period of flood in some places of the country.
Valiant freedom fighter Colonel (retd) Shafaat Jamil Bir Bikram passed away yesterday. He was 71. Jamil was decorated with Bir Bikram title, the third highest gallantry award of Bangladesh, for his contribution towards the War of Liberation in 1971.
Dhaka stocks returned to the positive zone last week. DGEN, the benchmark general index of Dhaka Stock Exchange, gained 1.06 per cent, or 43.54 points, to close at 4,142.24 points.


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Yeah, I know, I'm still not very good at this updating my blog often stuff. I've been riding my new Nomad (it's lovely) and working my butt off to try to get more of them into the country and some more new LT's and some more Ibis Mojos, etc.
So to keep you guys busy, you can ogle Jim's new 2009 Nomad (he's the friendly chap at Outside Sports in Queenstown.....very knowledgeable too). A BIG THANKS to Patrick Fallon again for the nice pictures.
For those of you that need to do some reading, check out these other local blogs;
Slack Boy (Ricky Pincott, the friendly chap at Burkes and rides weird bikes, who may be even slacker than me at updating his blog), but he did test ride the new Blur LT. He liked it sooo much that he manage to update a blog and write a review about it, check it out.
Also a BIG WELCOME to Rita, our latest addition to the Santa Cruz DH team. You can check out Rita's blog here http://ritaracing.blogspot.com/ Rita is very good at keeping a blog.
Blog number three goes to Celia, she's a avid Santa Cruz fan and she rides bikes. All good here;
Hopefully that distracts you guys from the fact I haven't done an update for quite some time now.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
A neurohormone is any hormone produced and released by neuroendocrine cells (also called neurosecretory cells) into the blood.[1][2] By definition of being hormones, they are secreted into the circulation for systemic effect, but they can also have a role of neurotransmitter or other roles such as autocrine (self) or paracrine (local) messenger.[3]
The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones and neurohypophysial hormones in specialized hypothalamic neurons which extend to the median eminence and posterior pituitary. The adrenal medulla produces adrenomedullary hormones in chromaffin cells, cells which are very similar in structure to post-synaptic sympathetic neurons, even though they are not neurons they are derivatives of the neural crest.[4]
Enterochromaffin and enterochromaffin-like cells, both being enteroendocrine cells, are also considered neuroendocrine cells due to their structural and functional similarity to chromaffin cells, although they are not derivatives of the neural crest.[5] Other neuroendocrine cells are scattered throughout the body.
Releasing hormones also known as hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic hormones are synthesized by different kinds of specialized neurons in the hypothalamus. They are then transported along neuronal axons to their axon terminals forming the bulk of the median eminence, where they are stored and released into the hypophyseal portal system. They then rapidly reach the anterior pituitary where they exert their hormonal action. The residual hormones pass into the systemic circulation where they are diluted, degraded and have comparatively little effects. The synthesis, control, and release of those hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and synaptic signals (neurotransmitters).[6][7] The neurons secreting various hormones have been found to discharge impulses in burst, causing a pulsatile release which is more efficient than a continuous release.[8] Hypophysiotropic hormones include:
Neurohypophysial hormones are synthesized in the magnocellular secretory neurons of the hypothalamus. They are then transported along neuronal axons within the infundibular stalk to their axon terminals forming the pars nervosa of the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and released into the systemic circulation. The synthesis, control, and release of those hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and synaptic signals.[9] Neurohypophysial hormones include:
This is through this pathway that the vast majority of oxytocin and vasopressin hormones reach the systemic circulation.
Adrenomedullary hormones are catecholamines secreted from the adrenal medulla by chromaffin cells, neurosecretory cells connected to the central nervous system.[10] The synthesis, storage (in chromaffin cells) and release of catecholamines is co-regulated by synaptic input from their respective pre-synaptic sympathetic neurons, as well as hormonal and local inputs.[11][12] The adrenomedullary hormones are:
Enterochromaffin cells in the epithelia lining the lumen of the digestive tract secrete serotonin, while enterochromaffin-like cells at the stomach glands secrete histamine. Their synthesis, storage, and release of hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and nervous inputs.[13][14][15][16][17]


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UCI New York City Center & IMAX
Av. Das Américas, 5000 Loja 301, Barra da Tijuca Rio de Janeiro CEP 22640102 +55 21 2461 1818American Sniper: The IMAX Experience
From director Clint Eastwood comes American Sniper, starring Bradley Cooper as Chris Kyle, the most lethal sniper in U.S. military history. But there was much more to him than his skill as a sharpshooter. U.S. Navy SEAL Chris Kyle is sent to Iraq with only one mission: to protect his brothers-in-arms. His pinpoint accuracy saves countless lives... Lire la suite
Kingsman: The Secret Service The IMAX Experience
Kingsman: The Secret Service will be released in select international IMAX theatres only. Based upon the acclaimed comic book and directed by Matthew Vaughn, Kingsman: The Secret Service tells the story of a super-secret spy organization that recruits an unrefined but promising street kid into the agency's ultra-competitive training program... Lire la suite
Sortie le 5 mars 2015 ACHETER DES BILLETS 5 mars 2015


text: How To Change A Jeep's Tampon 1The Auto Insider and 31 others EditDelete InviteInvite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for JalopnikHide We've all had a mystifying, frustrating and recurring leak we don't know how to quickly fix without pulling the whole system apart. Sounds like a familiar problem. Enter woman's best friend — the Tampon. » 5/04/09 4:30pm 5/04/09 4:30pm


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Wait, it's a real documentary, about a real subject?
Third look at signing up for a one way trip to Mars.
News You Can Use
January 21st, 2014 - 5:04 am
So the question is, "How was the sacred relic of Christ's foreskin forgotten after being revered for centuries?"
And that's one National Geographic video I'm going to go right ahead and not watch.


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Posted Thu, August 2, 2012 10:16am EST
View Comment
annie snow
Posted at 3:51 AM on August 7, 2012
Kristen is only 22. This guy was, what?, 42. There is a LOT of maturity difference, or should be between the two. That guy is old enough to be her Dad! He knew what he was doing. He took advantage of Kristen. I am not saying that she shouldn't be held responsible for her part, but geez, why am I not seeing more blame on this guy who is so much older?
Posted at 2:49 AM on August 7, 2012
soll diaz
Posted at 2:41 AM on August 7, 2012
Posted at 6:35 PM on August 6, 2012
Posted at 12:37 PM on August 6, 2012
Posted at 11:19 AM on August 6, 2012
TO HOLLYWOODLIFE.COM: It has been a week now that ALL THE CONTENTS OF THE PUBLICATION HERE IS ABOUT KRISTEN, WHY NOT DIVERT THIS TIME YOUR ISSUES ON RUPERT SANDERS, that IDIOT DIRECTOR.HE also deserve to be PUBLICIZE and MAKE KNOWN TO THE WORLD about his INFIDELITY TOO. Not just Kristen….. RUPERT i guess intentionally ruined Kristen's life to pull her down… Maybe Rupert and Lilibeth Ross was so ENVIOUS TO KRISTEN that made them do that.
Posted at 2:22 PM on August 5, 2012
Posted at 8:32 PM on August 4, 2012
Everyone needs to leave both these young people alone before there is a tragedy. How much more scrutiny can this young woman tolerate. I don't see any paparazzi looking for that nasty lecherous pig of a director. I'm certainly not a naive person but I am almost sure that he planned this whole mess to capture her in a compromising position. One that she had to go along with or else. Its been reported that he was after her for a long time & she rejected him. This looks like pay back to me. Her boyfriend should get all of the facts before he ends their relationship. What has happened to this young woman is something completely out of character. Who knows how many women the director has done this to.
Posted at 2:25 PM on August 5, 2012
looks like rachel macadams
Posted at 3:25 AM on August 10, 2012
Posted at 6:03 PM on August 4, 2012
Posted at 5:56 PM on August 4, 2012
Posted at 5:49 PM on August 4, 2012
she looks like she is argueeing with the paps and pleading cuase i CAN ONLY IMAGINE HOW RUDE THEy ARE BEING TOO HER CUASE WHEN HER LIFE WAS PERFECT THEY WERE ALWAYS RUDE TOWARDS HER now its prob ten times worse and btw it looks like shes been crying on top of that and her hair looks clean too me so i think shes atleast been showering! i feel so sad for her she looks like a total reck
Posted at 3:47 AM on August 7, 2012
@elle – These pics were taken the day after the Rupert Saunders pics were taken, they hadn't been revealed yet. She reportedly is not showering NOW – though no one knows if that is indeed a fact..
@smile – She could be sad because she knows whats gonna happen soon or maybe she is upset becasue she feels guilty for what she did.
Posted at 5:39 PM on August 4, 2012
michaella xxxx
Posted at 12:41 PM on August 4, 2012
Posted at 1:38 PM on August 4, 2012
Posted at 12:15 PM on August 4, 2012
How the hell is Rob going to trust Kristen again? They'd been living together for a year, they were practically in the honeymoon and she already cheats on him? Kristen is far from being a naive and innocent girl seduced by an old man. She'll work and travel out of LA a lot of times, that's her job. If she was able to cheat once with a married man, who says she'll not do it again? This is hollywood…
Posted at 1:43 PM on August 4, 2012
It will b hard to get over it and to trust. But if Rupert wife is talking to him maybe k-steward should b giving another chance. I was against it at first what she did to rob. But I gave my daughter father a chance 10yrs ago. And now were getting married I had a change of heart<3
rob is not important
Posted at 3:33 AM on August 10, 2012
Posted at 11:45 AM on August 4, 2012
Well it wasn't Kristen alone in this fling and she is all over the news but the one who is also involved is with his wife and kids and Rob and Kristen are seperated and I find that not ok.
So Robert please forgive her because she is still very young and when you are young you make mistakes and people learn from their mistakes.
You two have a love for each other thats for live………..So lets start with forever……BD part 1
Posted at 2:35 PM on August 4, 2012
I love your comment and you are right, true love like Rob and Kristen deserve a second chance, I also made a mistake like that and worked out fine, you must think of your 4 years relationship and do not pay attention to everyone, only listen to your and Kristen hearts and go on loving each other as much if not more than before, praying that you both make the right decision and remember start with FOREVER, love you both.
Posted at 11:22 AM on August 4, 2012
re nick c sayign she cheated on nick too lolol
Posted at 3:37 AM on August 10, 2012
Posted at 8:44 AM on August 4, 2012
Posted at 7:25 PM on August 4, 2012
Posted at 11:40 AM on August 6, 2012
Posted at 7:22 AM on August 4, 2012
Posted at 7:32 PM on August 4, 2012
I would love to see them back together, I have followed Kristen since she hit the big screen in her first movie The Safety Of Objects and then Panic Room and haven't stop following. Rob I first seen him in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, The Haunted Airman. Bad Mother Handbook and have been following him since then,especially after The Twilight series, you just gotta love him.
Posted at 11:42 AM on August 6, 2012
Posted at 8:04 PM on August 3, 2012


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Hypogammaglobulinaemia is a rare disorder affecting the immune or the defence system of the body. Normally, the immune system of the body produces antibodies with the help of gamma globulins (type of immunoglobulin) which help in fighting bacterial and viral infections. But in hypogammaglobulinaemia, the production of antibodies is hampered resulting in increased susceptibility to microbial infections.
Hypogammaglobulinaemia is a seldom occurrence in the general population. It may be seen in children since birth, if congenital, and also in adults, if acquired.
The clinical features of hypogammaglobulinaemia are vague and non-specific and usually result from reduced amount of antibodies in blood. Affected individuals may complain of frequent colds and upper respiratory tract infections manifested by fever, headache, running nose, sore throat, dysphagia and cough. Frequent gastrointestinal infections may lead to persistent diarrhoea. Other features include loss of appetite, weight loss and fatigue. Congenital hypogammaglobulinaemia is present since birth and the affected child may show failure to thrive with enhanced occurrence of infections. Not only this, the child is usually underweight for his/her age.
Detailed history and comprehensive physical examination is needed by a specialist. Certain blood tests may be done to exclude other organic causes which may present with similar symptoms. Genetic testing may be done to ascertain the disorder of inherited hypogammaglobulinaemia.
Hypogammaglobulinaemia, which is a disorder of the body's immune system, may be congenital or acquired. The most common cause is primary immunodeficiency which results from a genetic mutation. Other causes include common variable immunodeficiency or X- linked recessive agammaglobulinaemia. These disorders lead to reduced synthesis of antibodies which in turn, makes an individual highly prone to contracting microbial infections.
Since the body's defence system weakens, increased infections may be caused. These infections may be mild or sometimes serious. Persistent and serious infections may lead to grave health concerns.
Hypogammaglobulinaemia is an incurable disorder. However, it can be managed by giving regular doses of immunoglobulin in injectible form. These immunoglobulins given every 3 to 4 weeks, may help in increasing the production of antibodies and subsequently strengthening the body's defence system. This disorder requires life-long treatment with injectible immunoglobulins. It is also essential to take special precautions against contagious infections.


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"Bingo!" Rafael announces as he tools his black Dodge Dakota toward a wooden sign wired to a chainlink fence and scrawled in orange spray paint with "Se Venden Puercos."
Only a mile into Hialeah Gardens on a late February afternoon, his quest for fresh pork is nearly complete. The Cuban-born truck driver might be mistaken for an aging pro wrestler: Jose Canseco-esque arms strain the dainty sleeves of a black DKNY T-shirt, and a stiff cascade of straight black hair reaches his shoulders. Reflective Oakley sport shades that hide his crow's-feet look as small as goggles on his bovine cranium. Tomorrow is his 57th birthday, and as he has done approximately 54 times before, Rafael will celebrate the occasion with lechón. "Even if I was dead-broke, I would roast a pig," he explains on the short drive from his Hialeah home. "Even if I had to steal the fucker from the guy next door."
As he steps from his truck, he remarks somewhat fondly, "It's a dump, no?" He's right: This minuscule farm sits on a tract of land sandwiched between two man-made lakes less than a mile from the Palmetto Expressway. It consists of only a three-room tin-roofed shack, a goat field of garbage-littered black soil, and a pig pen. Three young workers in grimy T-shirts, their tasks mostly finished for the day, pick at pork platters and drink bottled Presidente. A gutted hog hangs on a splintered-wood wall, its mouth curled into an unlikely grin. The air is acrid with the twin aromas of blood and shit.
After Rafael announces the reason for his visit, a worker named Miguel hops the fence of the nearby mud pen. A dozen small pigs squeal wildly and cram into corners to escape him, terror evident in their dark, dog-like eyes. Rafael is looking for an 80-pounder, and with some elbowing, a short, sturdily built carnicero named Miguel separates a skinny peach-furred sow from the pack. Rafael is handed a free beer as he watches.
At this ramshackle slaughterhouse, the animals are killed like Mafia capos. Miguel herds the chosen hog to a blood-soaked area behind the shack, where the creature digs into a metal bowl of dark-brown slop. As the hungry animal focuses on the grub — they're usually not fed for at least 24 hours before slaughter — Miguel grabs a heavy-caliber silver pistol that looks like it might be a Soviet-era antique. "You aim for an imaginary spot a little above right between the eyes," Rafael narrates. "It seems violent, but it's actually more humane."
The hog-slaying veteran nevertheless leaps when a hollow clap slumps the sow against a wall. Almost in one motion, Miguel drops the pistol onto a counter, picks up a hunter's knife, and rolls the hog onto its back. Then he burrows the blade deeply into its neck. The wound gushes blood into the dirt for about five minutes — just enough time for Rafael to pop open another beer.
Miguel and a husky co-worker expertly clean the carcass with the instruments of back-alley surgeons. After scalding the hog in a rusty tub of water heated by a propane tank, they shave its fur with pink disposable razors. They hang it from hooks, excise its steaming organs, saw off its hooves, and drop the remains into a black industrial-size garbage bag. About 20 minutes after spotting the roadside farm, Rafael heaves Sunday's party-starter onto the bed of his pickup. He pays Miguel with crisp $20 bills — six of them, a bit more than he might pay at Publix.
Today's shopping trip is light years from kosher — and a good trek from the realm of the legal. Miguel violated environmental, health, and animal cruelty laws. But it's business as usual at the tiny, often filthy farms of rural West Dade, where Cubans and other immigrants keep alive a cottage industry of unlicensed slaughter.
But please don't bother the birthday boy with your wimpy health qualms. "Dude, I just picked a pig that I saw was healthy — running around and frisky and all that — watched her be killed and watched her be cleaned," Rafael says impatiently as he heads home along Okeechobee Road. "How could it be safer than that? If you'd rather eat Hormel or something, go ahead."
A week after Rafael and friends have digested their birthday feast, a New Times reporter returns to the dusty roads of far Northwest Dade to conduct an unscientific survey. The first stop is a desolate animal farm overlooking a large blue reservoir a short horse trot from White Rock Quarries. The enclosure's lure: a sign that simply reads, "Animal."
"No problem," is the casual reply of a burly man in a cowboy hat and designer shades when asked whether he can provide a midsize hog for a hypothetical roast the next day. He is playing cards with three buddies as his watchful young daughter sucks on a Hubba Bubba candy stick.
Nearby, stacked cages contain pit bulls of all ages. Beyond that, vultures pick at leftovers in large cow-feed tubs. The farmer stands up from his game and walks 30 feet to a sty. He grabs a bored-looking pig by the ear and quotes a price: "$120, plus $10 for kill."


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Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (5th Edition)
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
23 Customer Product Reviews
Edition: 5
Pub Date: 2011
Publisher: Pearson
Ron Larson is the author of Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (5th Edition), published 2011 under ISBN 9780321693624 and 0321693620. Four hundred four Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (5th Edition) textbooks are available for sale on ValoreBooks.com, one hundred seventy six used from the cheapest price of $24.20, or buy new starting at $74.47. [read more]
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It was helpful to follow along in class and all the material covered was very well explained in the book.
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I learned how to do all the problems for the homework since the examples in the book told you what to do step by step. -
nothing, it helped me greatly with this course! It provided me with examples to help learn the lessons and had challenging and helpful practice questions.
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I do not think this book could be any better. It helped me to get an A in this course. I always read each chapter and I am glad I did because all of the information is necessary and useful. -
I have not read any other statistics books, so I cannot comment on comparison.
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More examples to show how problems were completed. I had the hardest time understanding statistics and this book did not help very much. -
Book was pointless for the class. Teacher didn't even use it, however, when I needed extra review problems, the book was the place to go. I liked the extra problems.
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Loved that it had half the answers in the back of the book but it would have been more beneficial to have all the answers instead of just half. -
Everything! This is an awesome textbook for Statistics.
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The class was MAT-151 Statistics 1, we used the book for everything, taking notes, studying, and the teacher even used it as a guide to teach class. -
It explanied the material well and you can tell it was designed to try and make it as easy as possible to understand.
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The picture examples and the diagrams were most useful to me because I am a visual learner. -
It described what methods to use in detail. It provided equations with detailed instructions. It showed mathematical equations being done.
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This book was used for a college statistics class. The class was easy and straightforward. -
In comparison to other statistic course books, I found some of the material to be helpful. However along with other books it is much easily understood with the help of the instructor. Somewhat hard to comprehend on your own.
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By giving several practice examples when learning new material -
Nothing, I thought this textbook did a good job explaining all of the different type of statistics problems that came up in my class.
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Statistics, and in the book it is very easy to find what you are looking for.
Edition: 5th
Pub Date: 2011
Publisher: Pearson
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S&T Bancorp, Inc. Announces Appointment Of Two New Members To The Board Of Directors
INDIANA, Pa., Feb. 1, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- S&T Bancorp, Inc. (NASDAQ: STBA) a full-service financial institution with branch locations in 11 Pennsylvania counties, has announced the appointment of Fred Morelli, Jr.; and Frank Palermo, Jr. to the S&T Bancorp, Inc. Board of Directors.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20070917/NEM099LOGO )
"Fred and Frank both bring a combination of impressive executive-level management skills and strong experience in the financial industry to our board," said James C. Miller, chairman of the S&T Bancorp, Inc. Board of Directors. "On behalf of the board, we welcome them to their new roles and are confident that their counsel, expertise and strategic leadership will serve our shareholders well during their tenure on the board."
Morelli is currently the owner of Morelli Business Advisors in Pittsburgh. In this role, he serves as a consultant for business owners seeking strategic solutions to business decisions. Morelli also serves as vice president of finance for Consumers Produce in Pittsburgh. Throughout his career, Morelli has also held CEO, president, and director positions at wealth management and accounting firms in Pittsburgh. He worked at Alpern Rosenthal and Company for two decades, and was managing partner for the last four years of his tenure there. Morelli currently serves on the Consumers Produce Board. He earned his Bachelor of Science in business and finance from Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
Palermo previously served on the Gateway Bank Board of Directors, where he was Audit Committee Chairman. S&T Bancorp announced its merger with Gateway Bank in March 2012. On the S&T Bancorp, Inc. Board of Directors, Palermo was designated the Audit Committee Financial Expert. Palermo is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), a Certified Valuation Analyst (CVA) and a shareholder for Palermo/Kissinger & Associates, P.C., CPAs, which is based in Washington, Pa. During his career, Palermo has also held vice president and accounting roles at financial and accounting firms in western Pennsylvania and Cleveland. Palermo recently served as a board member and treasurer for the Bradley Center in Robinson Township, Pa. Palermo earned his Bachelor of Science in business administration (accounting major) from John Carroll University. About S&T Bancorp, Inc.Headquartered in Indiana, PA, S&T Bancorp, Inc. operates offices within Allegheny, Armstrong, Blair, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Indiana, Jefferson, Washington, and Westmoreland counties. With assets of $4.4 billion, S&T Bancorp, Inc. stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol STBA. For more information, visit http://www.stbancorp.com. SOURCE S&T Bancorp, Inc.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Now there are four stainless steel slide solutions for projects where exposure to moisture or high humidity is a key environmental factor. With load ratings from 100 to 350 pounds, these slides are ideal for:
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Tag: velcro
Dollar Store Accessories: Velcro cable zips
My Dollar Store regularly sells Velcro cable zips, offering between five and 10 for a dollar. Sometimes they're black (as shown here); other times they're rainbow-colored. The Dollar Store version was my gateway drug. When I discovered I could buy the same zips in bulk over at Amazon (100 ties for...
Dollar Store Accessories: Tablet sleeves
Continuing with our series exploring dollar store accessories, I recently picked up a pair of sleeves compatible with original and bite sized mini iPads. Widely available at most dollar stores, low-cost sleeves provide utilitarian tablet protection. The ones I bought and tested consisted of a spon...
Found Footage: The great taste of iPad with the delicious crunch of Velcro
Jesse notes that this is an exploration of what's possible, not a recommendation for every iPad owner. I'm not sure I would trust Velcro to hold my iPad solidly in a moving vehicle, but certainly the window or photoframe applications would work pretty well. Thanks Flint!...
Marware announces universal Nike + iPod sensor pouch
Aside from all the pioneering DIYers out there, we've already found one retail accessory from Nike themselves that lets you use the Nike + iPod kit with any shoe, but now Marware has joined the race with their Sportsuit Sensor+ (looks like the '+' is becoming a hot new accessory to accessory names)....
Software Updates
more updates- Apple Remote Desktop updated with Yosemite support
- OS X Yosemite 10.10.2, iOS 8.1.3 updates now available
- Sports Illustrated 120 SPORTS channel comes to Apple TV
- Logic Pro X update brings AirDrop support, new effects, tools, and more
- Parallels Access 2.5 released, adds file manager, computer-to-computer remote access
- The Google Translate iOS app is about to get a lot smarter