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The PT 80 is a semi automatic air pistol pellet gun – but what separates this air gun from the rest is that it is almost an exact replica of the famous SIG P220 combat pistol. This is a very eye-catching gun, it is compact yet sturdy, and although powerful and accurate, is also great fun!
The Gamo PT 80 is a double and single action pistol and accepts .177 calibre pellets, which can be fired to speeds of up to 410 feet per second. It is a very versatile gun, ideal for beginners, but also a great gun for seasoned users of air guns. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor shooting.
Features include a double action trigger for fast firing, and an eight-shot rotary magazine, which enables you to reload with a pre-loaded magazine – perfect for fast-moving targets. Other features include rear sights adjustable for windage, a rifled steel barrel and contoured plastic grip.
• Model: Gamo PT 80
• Calibre: .177
• Velocity: 410 fps
• Weight: 1.2 lbs
• Barrel Length: 10.8 cm / Overall Length: 18.2 cm
• CO2: 12 Gram
• Action: CO2 Air Pistol
• Trigger Pull: 9.64 lbs
• Barrel: Rifled Steel / Finish: Matte Black
• Sights: 3 dot position aiming
• Scope Rail: Trigger For Laser
• Trigger: Single or Double Action
• Magazine Capacity: 8-Shot Rotary Clip
• Safety: Manual
• Grips: Plastic/Synthetic
• Usage: Target Practice / Action – Fun
User comments:
"I've had the Gamo for a few months now and although generally speaking it's a good air gun, I do feel the power could be better. Great for close range shots though."
"If you're looking for a beginner's pellet shooter, this is definitely a good starting gun. It still packs a punch, looks good, is light and compact and handles well. I did initially experience a little trouble with the CO2 seal, but I was told this was due to over tightening. I've since resolved this and am getting around 60 shots per cartridge until it runs out of steam, which I think is about average. A great little gun."
"The Gamo pt 80 is a good, versatile gun and great value for money. A few issues with the sights, which are tricky to align, but once you get it right, it's very accurate. Overall I think it's a great piece of kit and great price. Definitely recommend."
"I found the PT 80 to be a really accurate and powerful firer. I have been using it for around a year now, and no problems."
I hope this was of use. If you'd like to read more use the following link:
Click Here to Check Out the Gamo PT 80…!


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Pessoa Legacy Bridle Engligh Tack - Bridles
This handsome USET and Grand Prix veteran wears the new Legacy Padded Jumper bridle with pride! Carlos Boy takes time from his busy day to model the Legacy Padded Jumper bridle from Pessoa. The bridle is made of the finest Sedgewick leather that oils to a beautiful burnished dark brown. Comfort is a prime feature in this bridle, which features ultra soft padding at the crown of vacquille leather, and genuine sheepskin on the center button on the nose. The bridle comes complete with rubber reins with sewn on leather martingale stops.
The Legacy bridle line is available in several other styles with matching running and standing martingales.
English Riding Supply is the exclusive distributor of the Pessoa line of saddles, bridles and horse clothing.
For more information on this bridle and all of the bridles in the Pessoa Legacy Line go to www.PessoaUSA.net.

subset: commoncrawl


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Walgreen Co. has released new photo functionality in the latest updates to its iPhone mobile application.
Retail News Breaks Archives
DEERFIELD, Ill. – Walgreen Co. has released new photo functionality in the latest updates to its iPhone mobile application.
The drug chain said Wednesday that its iPhone app enables users to create photo cards with special themes such as thank you, holidays, announcements and invitations, as well as create photo collages directly from their device.
Walgreens noted that it's the first retailer to provide the ability to create collage prints using a mobile device and pick them up in about an hour.
Photos for the collages can be uploaded from the user's phone, Facebook or Instagram albums.
"We're pleased to provide more creative capabilities to our users as we continue to enhance the photo functionality within our mobile app," Jasbir Patel, divisional vice president for daily living, photo and omnichannel, at Walgreens. "Consumers are accustomed to using their mobile devices in nontraditional ways, and Walgreens gives them easy access to products and services, wherever and whenever they choose."
For customers on the go, the updated app allows users to search for Walgreens or Duane Reade stores based on offerings such as 24-hour locations, drive-through pharmacies and Healthcare Clinics at selected Walgreens locations. The app also provides improved virtual floor maps allowing for easier access to products and better in-store experience, the retailer added.


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See other Dresden properties
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
Note: we only give a property a rating once it has received a minimum of 3 reviews.
- Page:1/1
- " No TV, no Check in before 15:00. verry clean and almost new. Very close to the old city. "
- 10 Jan 2015 Aline
- " great hostel rooms... it´s acutally a hotel.. which also offers hostel rooms... the price inlcudes the breakfast! there are 5 bathrooms on the floor.. was very nice and clean !! i would definitly book it again! "
- 22 Oct 2014 Christine Germany
- " Ales gut! Excellent! Recommend! "
- 07 Oct 2014 Anonymous Japan
- " Unfortunately, I mistakenly booked this at the beginning of June for a stay at the beginning of July. I immediately contacted both the hotel and hotels.com to cancel the reservation, as it was to begin within 24 hours. Both representatives replied that they were looking into the situation. This implied that I would hear something back, but I only received a link to this survey and a charge to my credit card. Needless to say, I booked my other four stays this summer elsewhere. "
- 02 Jun 2014 Sandra USA
- " A nice place with an impressive breakfast layout. Comfortable and close enough to the city center to walk over and enjoy the sights. Would stay there again, and recommend it to my friends. "
- 18 Apr 2014 Anonymous USA
- " Good location and very, very clean; good job for the cleaning ladies! Large room for luggage storage. Still the breakfast is not that reach and the entrance to the hostel could be changed, it has a dirty aspect of a pub; On website is written all taxes included and we were asked to pay the city fee. I also don't understand why the check in is so late, at 3pm, if the check-out is at 10am…. "
- 23 Mar 2014 diana Romania


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By giving your child the right tools as early as infancy you can prepare them for the future of their success. At Little Scholars Learning Center we are dedicated to seeing that happen and providing you and your child with all the right tools for their future.
A program that focuses on each infants growth and encourages five stages of development through daily activities.
Providing a program that each toddler can thrive in through engaging in daily activities in a loving and supportive environment.
Our carefully crafted monthly themes encourages and creates a unique daily experience for every child
Each child will have an extensive capacity for knowledge that will prepare them for a successful Kindergarten year.
We believe that our success lays in the strength of our program, the devotion of our teachers, and the
never-ending experiences and capabilities of every child that attends our center. We are dedicated to provide
care and services that puts a smile on every child and their parent's faces. If you have a suggestion please call us
or stop by our center located at 50-52 Quentin Rd., Brooklyn, NY 11223.
Read what others say about our unique program, center, and staff. Parents and guests are welcomed to leave comments and suggestions as we are always thriving to improve
Ready to apply today? Download our full enrollment application and just stop by to finalize your child's seat in one of our exciting classrooms
Learn what is happening in each of the classrooms on a monthly bases. Rest assured knowing your child's up to date daily activities
Need answers to common questions about child care? Here you can find the most common questions and answers. Have a question of your own? Do not hesitate email us any time to receive an answer from our Educational Director.


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Rethinking Debt
Washington refuses to understand that debt can be an essential tool for economic growth. Can we overcome this irrational and destructive fear?
Our national fear and misunderstanding of debt, deficits, and borrowing is understandable, given their role in the etiology of the Great Recession that continues to choke our economy. But such confusion is also terribly destructive. It helped lead us into the recession, and it's preventing us from recovering from it.
Over the last decade, too many households, governments, firms, and banks borrowed recklessly, nudged by financial "innovations," negligent underwriting, and pure disregard for their ability to meet the liabilities they were taking on. Then, in September 2008, the system snapped. One particularly overleveraged investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went bankrupt, and the global debt bubble popped. Millions of people lost, and continue to lose, their homes. Unemployment is rampant, and just under half of the unemployed have been jobless for more than half a year. The debt burdens of sovereign nations, Greece in particular, pose existential threats.
And yet policy-makers seem frozen in place, unwilling to take the necessary actions for one basic reason: doing so would mean deficit spending. Indeed, those at the helm in the advanced economies seem intent on shifting into reverse, pursuing austerity measures that, like medieval bleeding, only make the patient sicker. We recently inflicted more wounds on our already injured economy by arguing about whether or not to default on our own sovereign debt. This frustrating and destructive debate would have been a pitiful sideshow had it occurred during a period of full employment. For it to happen in the midst of the worst jobs crisis in decades amounts to malpractice by the policy-makers involved.
None of this was inevitable. A precious few economists warned of the housing bubble, which was the root cause of the recession. Had borrowers and lenders treated debt more responsibly, we arguably wouldn't be stuck where we are today. Years ago, the economist Hyman Minsky warned about exactly the situation we were in before the bubble burst—the debt-driven instability of financial markets in economic expansions. Had we listened to him instead of Greenspanian notions of "self-correcting markets," we'd also be a lot better off.
In other words, there are very high opportunity costs to misunderstanding and misusing debt, both in booms and busts. Economists have a solid understanding and story about the "identities" involved in public debt—the basic relations among deficits, savings, and debt. But we disagree on their implications. Financial market participants seem to regularly relearn lessons regarding the instability cycle associated with overleveraging, a cycle identified by Minsky years ago. Politicians deeply fret (and scaremonger) about deficits and debt, while neither exhibiting much of an understanding of their functions nor doing much about them. In some cases, these pols are motivated by an ideological strategy to shrink government, but in others, they fail to understand important nuances regarding the purpose, timing, and magnitude of public borrowing.
We clearly need a better understanding of the role of and threats associated with debt, which means internalizing a crucial point: Controlling for the state of the economy and assuming mature capital markets and the ability to service the debt burden (and those are not unrealistic assumptions—they exist in this and most other advanced economies), there's little empirical evidence that we should be particularly alarmed at "high," yet stable, levels of federal debt, such as the current U.S. level of around 70 percent of GDP. On the other hand, if you can't effectively and reliably tax your citizens, as in Greece, any level of debt is a foundational threat. (Note that I distinguish between levels and trends here. The projection that under current policy the federal government will, year in and year out, spend a lot more than it takes in is obviously unsustainable.)
We need to take a "debt sobriety pledge." We need the insight and wisdom to understand when borrowing is useful and productive and when it's reckless. For governments, that means getting past irrational or ideological fear of borrowing, especially at a time like the present. For households, it means not substituting unsustainable borrowing for income growth. For financial markets, it's recognizing the predictable tendency toward instability and the necessity of regulation.
I cannot emphasize enough the stakes of getting this right, and quickly. Global credit markets are behaving exactly as we would expect, offering historically low borrowing costs to finance the essential fiscal expansion that must take place if we are to avoid the mistakes of Japan in the 1980s and Europe now. But conservatives use debt aversion as a weapon in the ideological fight to shrink government, while too many liberals essentially agree, arguing for perhaps smaller cuts.
The First Step: Understanding Debt
The concept of debt is so poorly understood that it makes sense to start from first principles. Debt is what a person, firm, or government accrues when it borrows financial resources from a lender to be paid back over time. In the case of so-called sovereign debt—that of governments—there are a few wrinkles. When government outlays surpass receipts, the difference over the course of a year is known as the annual deficit. And when you add up all the deficits we've run since we became a nation and subtract the occasional surpluses, you're left with the debt.
Personal and corporate debt are also straightforward. A family might borrow to invest in a child's education. A startup needs physical capital—machines, offices, computers—and might borrow to finance those purchases, as does a factory owner upgrading aging machines. These are investments—that is, they are expected to return a stream of payments, a stream from which debt liability will be serviced. But households, firms, and governments also borrow to boost short-term consumption, to meet payrolls, or to pay the annual Medicare bill.
And there are different markets with different structures and prices to accommodate all of the above borrowing. Banks finance short-term credit card debt and long-term mortgage debt. Larger corporations often borrow short-term directly from investors, like money-market funds, through "commercial paper" loans. Governments borrow from anyone and everyone, including other governments, with the United States, China, and Japan the most prominent examples. (The Chinese and Japanese together hold more than $2 trillion in U.S. securities.)
I'm sure that if you could look at the electrical impulses in the typical person's brain and say "debt" or "deficit" the synapses that fired would be ones associated with negativity. Yet debt has obviously been an economic mainstay since before money existed—members of bartering economies constantly owed one another goods and services. Without debt, very few people would own homes or go to college. But it has a bad reputation right now chiefly because there's so damn much of it.
People have for centuries borrowed to buy homes, but in the 2000s, they overdosed. Three key factors combined to move people into homes they couldn't afford (in economic terms, risk was underpriced, and underpriced risk is always the breath in the straw that inflates the debt bubble). The first was financial engineering, in which mortgage loans were bundled together and sold to investors, which led lenders to be less concerned about the borrower's ability to service that loan. Second was bad underwriting—an unwillingness by lenders to realistically assess the amount of debt people can safely carry. And third was an often overlooked but crucial backdrop to all of this: the lack of middle-class income growth. The real median income of working age households fell 10 percent from 2000 to 2010, from about $61,600 to about $55,300 in 2010 dollars. And that isn't just a recessionary story—it fell from 2001 to 2007 when the economy was expanding. These are middle-class, working-age households. And when earnings are flat or decreasing, their only recourse is to tap credit markets, especially when credit is cheap and easy.
The Deficit and Its Discontents
Along with the mortgage-debt overdose and the recession it caused, another reason debt has a bad rep has to do with the way politicians have talked about and managed deficits and debt for years now. We should not lose sight of the political and ideological motivation against deficit spending. In an era when tax hikes are verboten, deficit reduction can be achieved only through spending cuts, and it has thus become a way of arguing for less government.
One of the most common refrains in today's debate is that the federal government spends too much. There's little substance to this claim: For decades, federal outlays have hovered around the historical average of 21 percent of GDP. Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush averaged around 22 percent; Bill Clinton and George W. Bush came in around 20 percent. And President Obama's somewhat higher outlays are a function of the deepest recession in decades—take out that spending and he's in the same historical ballpark.
What's different—what's largely behind the structural deficits in recent years (controlling for the cyclical downturn)—is the decline in revenues from the Bush tax cuts and their extensions, not to mention the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Since their introduction in the early 2000s, the tax cuts have diminished the nation's tax bill by hundreds of billions every year. Over the next ten years, they are expected to add $3.6 trillion to the debt. Without these cuts, our medium-term budget (say, over the next decade) would be sustainable.
As long as new revenues are off-limits, attacking the deficit is equivalent to attacking the functions of government. That gives the anti-deficit argument strong ideological support from small-government advocates. But there are others who are not motivated by anti-government ideology but are misguided nevertheless. These are the conceptual mistakes they make:
Little attention to what the borrowing is for: Earlier, I noted the distinction between borrowing to consume and borrowing to invest. While both are legitimate reasons for governments to accrue debt, their implications are quite different. Borrowing to invest in productive infrastructure, for example, is different from borrowing to support inefficient health-care spending. Or think about it on a more personal scale: Borrowing to send a kid to college is an investment that, on average, produces lasting economic returns. Borrowing to finance a weekend in Vegas does not. Our deficit comes from both types of spending: investments with longer-term payoffs and those that feed current consumption. But few deficit hawks make the distinction. They should, because in cost-benefit terms, there are times when borrowing to invest in infrastructure or education will leave the country with better growth prospects, while deficit spending to finance high-end tax cuts has little, if any, positive impact on growth.
Little understanding of time horizons: When borrowing is truly temporary, it has little impact on longer-term deficits and the growth of the debt. Even large deficit spending, if temporary, is quickly absorbed by economic growth. The Recovery Act, with a price tag of about $800 billion, was a historically large stimulus, and it was wholly paid for by borrowing. But by 2012 it will add less than 0.5 percent to the deficit-to-GDP ratio, and nothing to the growth in the debt (it does add to the level of debt, of course; in other words, it raises the share of debt to GDP, but it does not contribute to the growth in that share). The Bush tax cuts, on the other hand, which are essentially permanent in terms of ten-year budget windows, keep adding to both annual deficits and the growth of the debt—on the latter point, they add 20 percent to the debt-to-GDP ratio this year and, if they remain in place, 34 percent by 2019.
There's another timing point here, made forcefully in recent commentaries by Yale economist Robert Shiller. Economists and official budget scorekeepers like the Congressional Budget Office judge the sustainability of budget plans by whether the debt-to-GDP ratio is rising or falling. Shiller points out, however, that this conflates an annual measure—GDP—with a debt measure that is decidedly non-annual. We don't have to refinance government debt all at once in a given year. For example, it might seem intuitive that if public debt were 100 percent of GDP, we'd be insolvent, but of course that's not the case. During World War II, that ratio exceeded 100 percent, and for good reason. A decade later, it was 52 percent.
Again, timing matters. Temporary deficits, say, to offset a downturn, make a lot more sense than permanent, or structural, deficits in a recovery ("structural" in this context means that even with a healthy economy, the deficit would persist). Seemingly large debt burdens in a given year can be dealt with over the course of many years. But while Keynesian stimulus (such as the Recovery Act) is temporary by definition, the aging of the population and the rise of health care costs are not. The problem, once again, is not borrowing—it never is. It's what are you borrowing for, how long you will need to pay for it, and how you are going to pay it back.
Cost of borrowing: As I write this sentence, five-year Treasury bills carry an interest rate of about 1 percent, a near historic low. Why so low? Because the economy is so weak, inflationary pressures are low, stocks are volatile, Europe is a mess—all of which make hyper-safe securities like T-bills a highly desirable investment. That's actually an important and salutary dynamic in an advanced economy with mature capital markets. It signals that government should borrow and deficit-spend on temporary measures to stimulate growth.
At such low rates and with so much economic slack, fiscal policy needs to focus on increasing the denominator of the debt-to-GDP measure, not lowering the numerator. If we borrowed 1 percent of GDP at the current interest rates to make investments in the economy, and assumed a (conservative) multiplier of 1.2 (meaning every dollar spent creates $1.20 of growth), debt-to-GDP would, under plausible assumptions, barely budge as the boost to growth would at least partially offset the increment to the annual deficit. And a lot more people could get back to work.
The point is that when borrowing costs are low because of a recession and all the slack it causes—which is precisely what we've seen in recent months—that's an important signal to the government to engage in temporary fiscal expansion. To do so has the benefit of reducing unemployment and boosting growth at comparatively little cost to the federal budget. To fail to respond to this signal is to consign millions to joblessness under the false pretense of fiscal rectitude.
Little distinction in magnitudes: There's a difference between "small" and "large" federal budget deficits. But when all debt is evil, such distinctions get lost. The concept of "primary" balance is important here. A deficit that is in primary balance is small enough that the government is raising adequate revenue to pay its operating budget—that is, everything it spends money on except the interest on the debt. Once the budget deficit is at least in primary balance, the debt-to-GDP ratio stabilizes—it stops growing. Deficits below about 3 percent of GDP right now would constitute primary balance. Indeed, the budget plan recently released by President Obama gets deficits down to below 3 percent by 2014 through the rest of the decade. Sure enough, the debt-to-GDP ratio peaks in 2013 at 76.9 percent, then falls to 73 percent by 2021.
Again, the point is that the failure to make this distinction contributes to austerity frenzy, such as the pervasive calls for a balanced budget amendment and aggressive budget cuts. When the economy is on a solid expansion trajectory, we want the deficit-to-GDP ratio shrinking each year, but it doesn't have to go to zero or surplus right away. Primary balance is a fine intermediate goal.
"Tighten our belts"—an awful analogy: Beware simple, folksy metaphors that emanate wisdom but convey exactly the wrong message. My candidate for the most destructive of all is that old saw about deficit reduction: "Hey, families have to tighten their belts when things get tough…government should too." President Obama himself has made this mistake.
Sounds right, but it's totally backwards. When the economy stumbles and family income stumbles with it, then sure, families have to tighten up. But this is precisely why government has to loosen its belt. That's the whole point of countercyclical policy: When the private sector is contracting, the public sector temporarily expands, and vice versa. The analogy is wrong on both ends: When the private sector is humming along, and working families can maybe loosen their belts a bit, that's when the government needs to tighten its belt.
Who owns the debt?: It's always important to remember that one person's debt is another person's asset. When it comes to the budget deficit, while we owe about half of it to foreign holders of Treasuries (China and Japan being the most prominent lenders), we owe the other half to ourselves. That doesn't mean we can afford to ignore unsustainable borrowing. But from a macroeconomic perspective, it doesn't necessarily hurt the economy to borrow from ourselves to invest in productivity-enhancing initiatives that increase the future wealth of our progeny.
Taken as a whole, these misguided beliefs combine to distort our fiscal policy, and they do so in one direction: against deficit spending. This bias is preventing us from taking corrective action. It is also contributing to a dangerously misguided—and bipartisan—effort to reduce the size of government in an era when we'll need increased federal outlays to meet coming challenges, such as environmental pressures and the health and retirement security of the baby boomers. It's one thing to take aim at wrong arguments like those above. But that does raise the question: What impact do federal budget deficits have on the economy? Was Dick Cheney right to argue that "Reagan proved deficits don't matter"?
For economists, the issue comes down to "crowding out." Under certain conditions, by running large deficits, the government can be in competition with private firms for capital, and the extra demand for loans pushes up interest rates. Higher interest rates mean less investment and slower private-sector growth than would otherwise occur. Crowding out makes sense in theory, and research has found some evidence of it. But the whole story is not so simple. In fact, neither interest rates nor investment have responded during this crisis the way the crude view predicts (interest rates haven't risen with deficits, and neither investment nor capital stock consistently fell). The reason is that there is no competition for scarce funds right now—to the contrary, firms are sitting on trillions in cash reserves, and capital is flowing freely to the United States as a safe haven in uncertain times.
Economists' focus on crowding out, given the lack of compelling evidence, is doing more harm than good. None of this is meant to signal indifference to budget deficits. I was as elated by the surpluses of the latter 1990s as I was discouraged by the growing deficits of the 2000s. But at the same time, I was not at all worried about the deficits of the last few years. Well, that's not totally accurate—I worried that they weren't large enough to help the economy get moving again. Over the long run, we have to live within our means. We cannot continue to spend increasingly more than we take in or we will be unable to both service our debt and provide the goods and services we want and need from the public sector. But the more immediately serious problem, the one we're not even trying to deal with, is the fact that our system is so irrationally nervous about public debt that we're actively under-spending on countercyclical policy. To do so is to accept implicitly a huge amount of slack in the current economy, most portentously the high un- and underemployment in the labor force.
When Debt Matters
Earlier I mentioned the need for a debt sobriety pledge, something akin to the Serenity Prayer adopted by Alcoholics Anonymous. Whereas AA invokes a deity to grant the wisdom to know and accept what we can and can't control, we'd invoke Adam Smith, John Maynard Keynes, and especially Hyman Minsky: Help us to understand when borrowing is useful and productive, and when we are overleveraging.
I mention these three because each understood the extent to which market failure recurs in financial markets. Though Alan Greenspan and others have pointed to Smith's insights on market incentives, it's fascinating to contemplate the dressing down Smith would deliver to the "maestro" regarding contemporary theories on self-correcting financial markets. As recounted in John Cassidy's essential book How Markets Fail, "Smith and his successors…believed that the government had a duty to protect the public from financial swindles and speculative panics, which were both common in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain." Today's policy-makers conveniently ignore this Smith, who wrote in The Wealth of Nations:
Such regulations may, no doubt, be considered as in some respects a violation of natural liberty. But these exertions of the natural liberty of a few individuals, which might endanger the security of the whole society are, and ought to be, restrained by the laws of all governments…. The obligation of building party walls, in order to prevent the communication of fire, is a violation of natural liberty, exactly of the same kind with the regulations of the banking trade which are here proposed.
Keynes, ever the realist, was well aware of Smith's insights, and would have been particularly skeptical of the "rational expectations" hypotheses that undergird modern market theories. While these theories are built on the belief that market participants are aware of all the relevant information needed to make rational economic choices, Keynes recognized that "human decisions…cannot depend on strict mathematical expectation." Sometimes we have the information we need to make rational economic decisions, but at other times we're forced to fall back "on whim or sentiment or chance." That means we will sometimes borrow to speculate on bets that don't make sense, like taking out mortgages that we can afford only if home prices continue to rise. If enough of us do so at the same time, as was the case in the 2000s, we introduce a level of instability into the system with the potential for precisely the consequences confronting us today.
But it was Minsky, a Harvard-trained economist well versed in Keynesianism, who most deeply understood and articulated the way contemporary debt cycles spin out of control. If we're ever to avoid these pitfalls that have plagued us since Adam (Smith, of course), then we need to pay close attention to Minsky's work and think long and hard about how to map it onto public policy.
Minsky proceeded from two key insights, both of which diverged sharply from the orthodoxy of the day (he died in 1996): first, the centrality of debt to a functioning economy, and second, the tendency of financial markets toward instability. As I stressed at the beginning of this essay, the basic idea of debt is not only sound but essential to growth. Borrowing from the future to invest in the present is one way to improve that future. And some of the economic gains that flow from the investment will be used to pay down the debt.
Minsky's second insight, about instability, was once nicely summed up by the great game theorist Yogi Berra, who pointed out, "It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future." So uncertainty and risk must be accounted for, and in a rational market, the rate of interest would put a price on the loan that accurately reflected its risk. And in fact, that's often the case at the beginning of economic recoveries. Growth is newly back on the scene, businesses and households start to get active again, and lenders tend toward a reasonable degree of caution in evaluating their loan prospects.
However, as the recovery ages and growth picks up speed, risk aversion diminishes. Loans that didn't seem creditworthy a year ago start looking pretty good. Minsky also recognized that new forms of lending often begin to sprout up at this stage—"innovations" that enable their inventors to lend into the accelerating cycle ahead of their competitors. These innovations may be poorly understood, and not just by the borrower, but by the lender as well. They may involve gambles that can't possibly end well, such as loans whose repayment is wholly dependent on a price bubble in the underlying asset, or even outright fraud, like what came to be called "liar loans," where lending intermediaries ignored or falsified documentation to create the appearance of credit worthiness.
Minsky's model could be viewed mistakenly as simple common sense: a) Debt financing is pro-cyclical, and b) lenders get sloppy (or cryptic) as the cycle proceeds. But his model says more than this. As Cassidy puts it, "At the risk of oversimplifying, Minsky's argument can be reduced to three words: stability is destabilizing." Under this model, debt can be like a virus in the body of a business cycle. It starts out supporting the organism in ways salutary and safe, but is unable to modulate its growth, and it ultimately infects the system under the weight of leverage.
Our failure to understand this dynamic has led to our current pass: a fixation on debt when the system needs more of it, and complacency about debt when we need vigilance. Minsky would have recognized the signs that something was amiss as the 2000s debt cycle shifted into overdrive. The underpricing of risk, financial innovations, leverage ratios that were multiples of their historical averages, and the shadow banking system—all signaled that the virus had been activated and would soon destabilize the system.
Where Does This All Leave Us?
As I've stressed throughout, debt is not just important—it is an essential tool of economic growth. Neither families nor firms nor governments can adequately help themselves or their constituents without the ability to borrow from the future to spend or invest in the present. Yet market and political failures have undermined this essential function, and the politics of budget deficits have devolved to the point where, at least rhetorically, any debt is bad debt. It is impossible to overemphasize the lasting harm done by this anti-deficit fervor.
The good news is that—putting politics aside—all of this is fixable. The United States still hosts mature, flexible, adequately capitalized credit markets. In fact, credit markets are working exactly as they should be right now, with interest rates signaling us—if not screaming at us—to borrow and apply fiscal stimulus. Over at the Federal Reserve, the interest rate has been stuck at zero. But households are still deleveraging and still on insecure economic ground, so they're not much moved by the low rates. It's the same with firms that are flush with cash reserves but not moved to use them unless they see a profitable reason to do so.
What's needed is more demand, more customers, more factory orders. Absent those, monetary stimulus—the Fed's Operation Twist, quantitative easing—risks "pushing on a string." But if more folks could get back to work and increase their hours and paychecks, then businesses would see more foot traffic and investors could see some profitable openings. As Vice President Biden's chief economist, I saw up close that the Recovery Act helped significantly in this regard. Upon its passage, the loss rates of both GDP and jobs began to diminish; GDP turned positive in mid-2009 and employment began to grow in the spring of 2010. But while the Recovery Act (along with aggressive monetary policy by the Federal Reserve) arrested the decline, it only helped shift the economy from reverse into neutral. We're stuck in the doldrums with deep excess capacity, and monetary policy alone can't get us out. We need temporary measures that would borrow a lot more; I liked the President's jobs plan but I'd have gone twice as large (though truth be told, in today's climate it's actually an ambitious plan). But we won't do it because we're too damn scared of deficits and debt.
We also have the means to take a solid stab at fixing the instability cycle in financial markets. That's the purpose of the Dodd-Frank financial reform legislation, which I view as the first real attempt at "Minsky insurance"—that is, of protecting against the next financial instability cycle-debt bubble—in decades. It's not perfect, but it has the right attributes, all of which could be fine-tuned if we can only fight back against the amnesiacs who can't remember what happened a few years ago.
But "Minsky insurance" can't be the only thing we learn from the debt bubble and the great recession it caused. A key insight from the 2000s, when the debt bubble was inflating, is that in the midst of the lost decade for middle-class income growth, debt acquisition became the only way for too many families to get ahead. We can and should impose regulations to break the financial instability cycle—public policy doesn't do people any favors when it supports unsustainable loans in place of earnings. But we must recognize that absent income growth, if channels of overleveraging are blocked, middle-class living standards will be that much more vulnerable to stagnation.
That suggests an investment and jobs agenda that would take me well beyond my scope. My point here is simply that we will be unable to support that or any other progressive agenda, in the short or long run, if we fail to understand the role that debt can and should play in our economy and society. But I'd go further. Our misunderstanding and irrational fear of debt and deficits prevents us from resolving the most important policy question we face: What should be the size and role of government? As long as Republicans want to cut deeply into government spending and Democrats' main distinguishing feature is the desire to cut less deeply, we will never answer this question.
The debate on this foundational issue cannot begin from "How quickly do we get to primary balance?" or "At what year in the budget window does your plan have the debt-to-GDP ratio declining?" That is government by accounting, motivated more by fear than vision. And it is a debate structured to shrink government.
My analysis of future challenges—demographic, economic, and environmental—leads me to believe that in coming years we will need a stronger and larger government sector than we have had in the past. Others see the future differently. Our two sides must debate this question from the bottom up: from what we expect and need in terms of investment in public infrastructure, retirement security, health care, defense, safety net protections, education and other mobility enhancers for the disadvantaged, countercyclical policy, innovation, and so on. To begin this debate from a position of deficit reduction—no new taxes, only spending cuts—is to tilt the result against progressives from the start. It is to begin from the assumption that we can't afford the above functions, that we're broke, or worse: We're Greece!
Despite what so many people say, we are neither. We are fully capable of paying for, in a sustainable manner, a government that meets the functions enumerated above. But to do so requires a rational rethinking of debt and its role in the economy and society. I recognize that rational thought on matters economic, especially this one, is in short supply these days. But while its supply is down, demand is up, and the more we're promoting that discussion, the better.
Ever hear of the agency problem of economics? Well, the government has it. In spades. So more debt to an incompetent government, who engineered the crisis, and to its venal and equally incompetent campaign contributing revolving door bank cronies, will do nothing whatsoever. Except maybe land you a cushy sinecure, you damn proto-wannabe bureaucrat.
Dec 13, 2011, 2:53 PMMizrahi -- your comments (well, actually, one posted twice) are quite substantive and important to a resolution to our problems.
(Sadly, the vitriol almost sent me running before I took the time to see what you're trying to say.)
It would be insane to keep expanding a government with a poor track record. At some point, drastic measures need be taken to change the way government operates.
We hope we can accomplish this without resorting to anarchy while waiting for a new government to evolve.
regards, common man bob
Dec 13, 2011, 5:42 PMI would add Evsey Domar to the wise troika. He formally and clinically defined debt sustainability.
Dec 14, 2011, 7:14 AMI don't really see any validation here of your claim that debt is an essential tool for growth. You say "Borrowing from the future to invest in the present is one way to improve that future." Well if that's the measure for essentialness, then I guess saving for future spending would also qualify. What makes spending now better than not spending now? If we could claim that the spending bought us something that matters, that would help. Putting people to work would be nice, but if you want the economy to function those people need to be creating value. This essay appears to me to be a very long-winded way of screaming "Breathe!" at a dying patient.
Dec 14, 2011, 3:50 PMMizrahi never read Irving Fisher's accurate description of a debt/deflation cycle Jared, so you're wasting your talent on him.
Plus Mizrah's favorite political party, I'm thinking, invented crony capitalism a century ago, and in 2002 eliminated paygo so they could run up the debt bill in good times. Madness.
Run the bill up. They're paying us to take their money. Time to invest instead of dropping bombs on Muslims, or paying oil companies not to drill.
Dec 14, 2011, 3:55 PMI think Modern Monetary Theory economists like Warren Mosler make a better case against debt and deficit panic by pointing out the fundamental fact that government debt = private sector savings to the penny.
Treasury securities are in essence savings accounts and "paying off debt" when they mature is as simple and pain free as moving balances from these savings accounts to checking (reserve) accounts at the Fed.
Dec 15, 2011, 10:43 AMLots of good points in this article... But it's worth pointing out that it's ridiculous to increase the level of debt as a substitute for our generation's unwillingness (esp. that of our generation's rich) to pay their way. Taxes in the US are at historic lows and that's the main reason we have deficits and a national debt.
Secondly, public spending in a recession makes sense in theory... but given the way that the US economy has changed in relation to the world (given our status as a huge importer), we should think twice before just throwing govt money at growing our GDP... even in a recession. The multipliers now appear in China even more than here. It's time to think differently (at least for us to think differently). We should be targeting govt investment to create sustainable jobs and exports... like Europe, Japan and China. We shouldn't be funding "shovel ready" jobs that disappear with govt funding.
The folks setting policy, including Bernstein, need to get smarter. Flying our economy according to the old flight plans "ain't cutting it. "
Dec 15, 2011, 4:42 PMAnd btw, I'd say the govt bailout of Chrysler is a prime example of useful govt investment. Investing in green tech would be great too... but in light of a recent "scandal", we have to expect that' we'll sometimes pick losers as well as winners.
Dec 15, 2011, 4:51 PMTo say government engineered the economic crisis is not reality based thinking. It is fantasy. Did government create CDOs (collateralized debt obligations) that purposefully confused investors and cheated them? Did government gamble with Credit Default Swaps which still hang like death over credit markets? No. The government, shackled by ideology based thinkers in the Bush Administration and Congress, tied the hands of regulators that were prevented from doing the jobs that they were legally obligated to pursue. Republicans caused the economic crisis, then blamed in on government because government didn't let "bad firms fail." What a laugh. That was GW Bush and Wall Street's policy, pushed heavily by Republicans. That thinking is the cause of the economic crisis, not the government whose proper function is regulating the abuses of the private sector. It's time to let government do the regulatory job that it, and only it, can do.
Dec 15, 2011, 8:04 PM"A precious few economists warned of the housing bubble, which was the root cause of the recession."
This is oversimplification to the Nth degree. The "bubble" was not a bubble until two triggers:
1. Job loss...can't pay the mortgage without a job, duh!
2. Effective default of the credit insurance sector...AIG, for example and the incorrectly rating junk derivatives as AAA with no reserves to cover real mortgage defaults. Buffett called them financial weapons of mass destruction for a good reason.
Excellent essay. I am frustrated by President Obama's occasional comments that signal some level of agreement with the "We must shrink government and deficits immediately crowd." While these comments play well the political analysts who think they know what independents want (smaller government is their latest guess) these comments inadvertently help to spread harmful misunderstanding regarding when and how much the federal government needs to borrow. As the author has stated the US government should be paying down debt during good times and increasing borrowing to create missing demand during a slack economy. This isn't rocket science. It's Economics 101 in college.
Dec 17, 2011, 8:30 PM... timing the market? Perhaps I can sell you some stock?
Dec 19, 2011, 1:25 PMThe problem about debts is, that they make you dependent on the loaner. Means, if the state borrows money from banks you have to do what banks want you to do. And this means that politics in made by banks and not by the government and the people of a nation.
If America wants to be a free nation, they have to be free of debts first of all.
Though, bankers will tell you the opposite, for obvious reasons.
Feb 1, 2012, 3:07 PMPeople like that below me really discredit their own opinion with their anger, and also apparently didnt read the whole piece and completely deny the foundation of historical knowledge that support the basic ideas of public spending. Cronyism in our capitalism and an over concentration on incumbant economic power is a real problem, and legitimate concern, but the fear based reactionary criticism of strongly supported ideas is out of focus, a true rejection of all relevant information.
Feb 3, 2012, 10:46 PMPeople like that below me really discredit their own opinion with their anger, and also apparently didnt read the whole piece and completely deny the foundation of historical knowledge that support the basic ideas of public spending. Cronyism in our capitalism and an over concentration on incumbant economic power is a real problem, and legitimate concern, but the fear based reactionary criticism of strongly supported ideas is out of focus, a true rejection of all relevant information.
Feb 3, 2012, 10:48 PMI am curious about how GDP is mesuared. To me, it seems that our collective wealth as a nation that we all share is made up of goods and services. However, some "services" would be questionable as to whether to include in GDP. For example, any and all services that pertain to income tax, including IRS personnel, tax accountants, and tax lawyers. These services are needed only because we have an arcane tax system that IMO takes away from our collective wealth. If we did not have that ridiculously complex system, most of the people employed in that arena could make more productive contributions to our wealth in some other sector.More generally speaking, most government workers do not add to our real wealth. If those individuals were working for themselves or for companies that produce something useful, our collective wealth would be greater.So if the GDP has increased only because of the expansion of government, I would question the method of GDP calculation.(Over the weekend I read that Federal workers now receive pay that is 20 percent more than their counterparts working in private industry. If you include their benefits package, they receive 50 percent more than workers in private industry!)
Sep 22, 2013, 8:31 PMPost a Comment


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NOT COMPASSIONATE, NOT EVEN CONSERVATIVE....WHAT'S LEFT?....The DLC's Progressive Policy Institute released a pretty devastating report today that examines the promises of Bush's "compassionate conservative" agenda and finds nothing there. It's worth a read.
It fits nicely with my article in our October issue on the political sham that is Bush's faith-based initiative. It's a pretty safe bet that Bush will toss out a reference to this policy in tonight's debate, but very few viewers will understand that this "compassionate conservative" program doesn't work and, in fact, wasn't even set up to work:
Bush alone is responsible for supporting the distribution of taxpayer dollars without requiring proof that the funding produces results, for establishing a new government bureaucracy to give special help to a "discriminated" community that has always been on equal footing with everyone else, and for encouraging religious organizations to rely on government funding instead of encouraging private donations.
The main purpose of the faith-based initiative has been to beef up a rhetorical strategy that Bush has used to great effect with evangelicals. Ignoring the fact that the White House, Department of Justice, House of Representatives--just to name a few--are all headed by evangelicals, he appeals to the community as a persecuted minority that has been discriminated against by government. Take a look at his acceptance speech. The only time he mentioned the faith-based initiative was in this context: "Because religious charities provide a safety net of mercy and compassion, our government must never discriminate against them."
The government never did, but that's beside the point. Bush is their hero, he saved from from persecution. Uniter, not a divider? This is the ultimate "It's us versus them" rhetoric. And it's the main reason the White House inserted a provision into their faith-based bill that would allow religious organizations to discriminate in hiring. A majority of senators and representatives support allowing religious organizations to apply for social service grants, provided they abide by the laws that govern all other providers. The White House knew this provision would destroy that consensus, but that hardly mattered. Because the fight over hiring fit into the narrative, it allowed Bush once again to say, "See? They want to be able to tell you what to do."
Now, it's tempting to respond to all of this with a yawn and a "So the Bush administration is promoting a misleading political sham. What's new?" Don't let outrage fatigue get you down. Things like this matter. I've lost count of the number of times I've heard someone tick off the list of things on which they disagree with Bush before concluding, "But I'm going to vote for him anyway because he's a good religious man." As John Kerry (or the New Testament writer James) might say: What good is it if a man claims to have faith, but has no deeds?


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Dai Nippon Printing (DNP) showcased its touchscreen technology at the Finetech Japan 2010 in Tokyo.
The technology, which is meant for applications for meetings or conferences, operates through the working of a stylus with a built-in micro camera on regular paper. The content will will be projected at the same time.
- Wireless broadband developments in Southeast Asia markets
As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- Greater China touch panel shipment forecast through 2015
This Special Report provides forecasts through 2015 for Greater China touch panel shipments with breakdowns based on technology (glass, film, resistive), application (smartphone, NB and tablet) and by firm.
- 2014 global tablet demand forecast
This report analyzes the main players, their strategies and shipments forecasts for 2014, as well as other factors contributing to either growth or decline in various segments within the tablet market, with a particular focus on Apple, Google, Samsung, and Microsoft, along with whitebox vendors.


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The Korean War
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Why did he stay home? Was he not called up or was his tour of duty shorter than the war? Was he too young or too old? Did he wish that he could have gone to fight?
What was it like at home? How was life different because of the war? Did he have to make any sacrifices because of the war?
Did any loved ones fight in the war? How did he feel when they left? Was he scared? Did he think that he would never see them again or did he feel that they would return? What actually happened?
If any loved ones went to fight, how did he keep in touch with them during this time? Did he save any letters he wrote or received?
Did any loved ones die because of the war? Who? Did he know how he or she died? How did he find out about this person's death?
What was it like when his friends and family finally came home? Had they changed in ways he didn't expect? Had he changed in ways they didn't expect? What was hardest to adjust to once they got back? What was easiest?
Did it take a long time for life to return to normal? Did it ever? Was it easy to put it all behind him and get on with his life or did he have to struggle? Why?
What sort of memorabilia did he save from this time? What did it symbolize to him? What memories and feelings did it bring back after the war?
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Vanessa Britton
Friday, October 5, 2012
Sunday saw the Grand Supreme Final of the Humberstone Pro-Am Showing Shows, a series of events that have been running at the Norfolk equestrian centre throughout the season.
Hundreds of competitors and spectators travelled from all over East Anglia to attend this spectacular event, which was a roaring success.
Show director Jo Kirk-Pickering says: "I was thrilled with the large turn out and all competitors had put so much effort into attending the show."
Combining both professional and amateur riders, the event showcased a wide range of talent in a huge selection of classes and culminated in an evening performance to music under amazing spot lights. Here, the fun classes were awarded their winners and judges Kate Scorey and Ella Fish had their work cut out with these packed classes.
The judging then moved on to the Overall Supreme judging of The Best Lorry Dog! Competition handlers had made stunning outfits for their much loved pets, with even a bride and groom strutting their stuff. These classes were judged by Charlotte Rule and she picked Ryan Charlton and his dog Sooty to take the award.
The day culminated in the Grand Finals with all nine finalists presented with rosettes, sashes and hand made flower garlands providing a ray of colour in the indoor arena.
The Pro Ridden Championship was taken by Adam White, whilst the Pro In Hand was headed by Linda Bedwell. For the amateur sections it was Ellis Hinchley who took the Supreme In Hand and Amber Hewitt took the Supreme Ridden.
Jo Kirk-Pickering said: "I would like to thank all the committee, judges, stewards and sponsors for all their hard work throughout the year – without them we have no show.
"Also many thanks to the main show sponsors Amanda and Ellis Hinchley from Ormesby Saddlery and all our other sponsors that made this a day to remember."
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You are here: CCFHR Home › Rice Library › Electronic Books
Over 200 science and information technology books have been added to the NOAA NetLibrary Collection, bringing the total to 300 eBooks, and are available for electronic check out. Subjects include HTML, XHTML, XML, Visual Basic.Net, CGI, Dreamweaver, PHP, Apache, MySQL Web Development, and more.
To access NetLibrary: Go to the link NOAA's Net Library eBook Collection. (Note: this link leads to a resource outside the NOAA Library website.) You do not need to Log In to browse the books. To check out a book or use the bookmarks and notes features, you need to Create an Account, then use the Log In feature.
Books may be browsed online for a short period or checked out for 3 days. NOAA's NetLibrary eBooks are also available through the Rice Library Online Catalog. From the Power Search page, choose Electronic book under item type, then click "Search Catalog" button.
The mission of the National Academy Press (NAP) is fundamentally about disseminating the results of scientific research. Through the OpenBook system, NAP has created a database-generated Web catalog, which includes links to the free versions of their publications. The Open Book, provides page browsing, and integrated search mechanisms which can search the entire full-text corpus, an entire book, or just one chapter. You can select important terms from any single page to build a tailored search. Entire chapters are viewable, but the single pages "read" better, and can even be printed out for offline reference.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Look up -ability, -ably, abilities, ability, or ably in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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Madison Learning Center Presents Expert Seminar for Commercial Real Estate Attorneys
Release Date: May 02, 2013Tax Relief Available for Many in the Wake of Superstorm Sandy
Release Date: March 20, 2013MCRES' Keren Peters Atkinson Honored by Miami Dade College
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Release Date: November 05, 2012Debra Smith, Esq. Joins Madison Commercial Real Estate Services
Release Date: October 25, 2012Real Diligence Adds Offering Memorandum Services for Commercial Property Owners
Release Date: September 07, 2012Two Birds, One Stone: Leveraging Tax Benefits by Using Cost Segregation to Immediately Write-Off All Impaired Assets
Release Date: August 22, 2012200 Bike4Chai Cyclists Raise $1.7 Million for Camp Simcha
Release Date: August 10, 2012200 Bike4Chai Cyclists Exceed $1 Million Fundraising Goal
Release Date: July 30, 2012150-Mile Bike4Chai Tour Gears up to Support Seriously Ill Children
Release Date: July 18, 2012
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- Real Diligence offers timely, accurate and reliable financial due diligence for commercial real estate acquisitions, with comprehensive analysis of past performance, growth potential and possible trouble spots. All findings are clearly presented in highly customizable reports with user-friendly executive summaries. Additionally, Real Diligence offers Lease Administration, CAM reconciliation, Argus Reports, Offering Memorandums, and Distressed Asset Acquisition Support. (http://www.realdiligence.com/)
- DocProbe is the nation's leader in searching, retrieving and digitally storing real estate documents post-closing for lenders, servicers and investors. DocProbe obtains, tracks, scans and warehouses documents including Mortgages, Title Policies, POAs, CEMA's, OCC's and Assignments. Custom processes are strategically built to meet each client's specific needs, budget and service level. Our document retrieval and storage support allows clients to focus on their core competencies. (http://www.docprobe.net/).


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So, in Texas, The Parks and Recreation Code make it illegal to display or discharge a weapon unless legally hunting. This may or may not be over ridden by the necessity clause in the Use of Force to protect life in the Penal Code, but then again, that is up to a judge now, isn't it.
So, when a mountain lion attacks your 6 year old child in Big Bend, not on a trail, not in the wild, but on a sidewalk near the Park Lodge, you have to pull a knife and hope for the best.
Mountain lion attacks 6-year-old at Big Bend | kvue.com Austin
Thank you Antis for giving us stupid laws on the books like these. Sure, it is just a Class C ticket, but if it discourages carry and use for self defense, it still leaves people unarmed against whatever for they may face.


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ASL as Pathway to Linguistic Competence
Publication Information: Article Title: American Sign Language as a Pathway to Linguistic Competence. Contributors: Erik Drasgow - author. Journal Title: Exceptional Children. Volume: 64. Issue: 3. Publication Year: 1998. Page Number: 329+.
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Breeze Rides
British Cycling have an ambition to get more women on bikes, so they set up a separate arm called Breeze. These are women only cycle rides led by trained ride leaders (Breeze Champions). The rides are of varying length and ability, but are all about having a chat with new friends and finishing with coffee and cake!
I am a Breeze Champion, along with Carole and Michelle who are also local and we are gradually getting a few routes sorted to invite you lovely ladies to enjoy with us. Please keep your eye on my calendar page to see when I have the next one booked in. Or, have a look at:
On the site you will be able to find lots of rides in your area run at different times of day. Just register, and go along to the start point where you will be welcomed.
Best of all – it's ABSOLUTELY FREE!!


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Please do "Keep Calm and Carry On" as this blog has transferred to http://www.ww2poster.co.uk, where further updating will continue. Blogs are already set up to post here, but please note any URLs from the main domain name!
Please do "Keep Calm and Carry On" as this blog has transferred to http://www.ww2poster.co.uk, where further updating will continue. Blogs are already set up to post here, but please note any URLs from the main domain name!
Please change your bookmarks to http://ww2poster.co.uk
Philip Zec is now widely regarded as the most important political cartoonist of World War Two. From 1939 to 1945 he produced 1529 cartoons for the Daily Mirror which caught brilliantly the defiance of the British people at war. Some of his finest drawings are reproduced in these pages. Two cartoons made history: the first, the notorious 'seaman on the raft' cartoon was astonishingly misinterpreted in Downing Street and led to a furious debate in Parliament: the second, a moving evocation of the folly of war gives the book its title and marks the sixtieth anniversary of VE Day on 8th of May. Written by the cartoonist'ss brother Donald, the award-wining journalist and author, Don't Lose It Again hallmarks a unique talent which contributed significantly to the British war effort. This book is probably the most incisive biography of a political cartoonist since Sir David Low's own autobiography 49 years ago
Review by Dr Bex Lewis (2005-6)
Philip Zec, designer of the poster 'Women of Britain, Come Into the Factories', did not see himself as a propagandist, rather as an observer, although he was happy for his work to be used as propaganda. His brother Donald, well known as a (film) journalist/ biographer, writes this engaging text, not as a brother, but as one who recognised the importance of Zec's work.
The commissioning of the book was triggered by Dr Tim Benson's (Political Cartoon Society) purchase of Zec's iconic cartoon, published in celebration of VE Day: 'Victory and Peace In Europe: Don't Lose it Again'.
Despite the fact that Zec destroyed most of his original images because he didn't think they were good enough, the book is well illustrated, largely in black and white. The images, most from the Second World War (or shortly before), are clearly contextualised. Both the book and the images present the Second World War through the eyes of gifted observers, with Philip Zec clearly contributing to the 'mythical memory' of the Second World War through powerful and memorable images.
An enjoyable, highly illustrated read – the book follows Zec's beginnings on the edges of Bloomsbury, his training at St Martin's College of Art, his move into advertising illustration, and his friendships with Strube, Low and the columnist Cassandra on the Daily Mirror. As a socialist and a Jew, Zec had strong political and social awareness – he was drawn into political cartooning as it was evident the country was on the brink of war (he could not stay on the sidelines drawing goods for sale). Soon after the war commenced, Zec produced the first of a series of cartoons for the Daily Mirror, poking fun at the Dictators (putting himself on Hitler's blacklist). Zec was not a 'funny' cartoonist, producing strong messages, unafraid to shock, although he found the realities of the German concentration camps too shocking to convert into cartoons. Zec was loved by 'the boys' in the Armed Forces, and raised controversy with Churchill (see pp.74-81). Post-war, he threw his support behind the Labour Party, continuing his work as a political cartoonist until his death in 1983.
"The Imperial War Museum holds a vast archive of interviews with soldiers, sailors, airmen and civilians of most nationalities who saw action during WW2. As in the highly acclaimed "Forgotten Voices of the Great War", Max Arthur and his team of researchers will spend hundreds of hours digging deep into this unique archive, uncovering tapes, many of which have not been listened to since they were created in the early 1970s. The result will be the first complete aural history of the war. We hear at first from British, German and Commonwealth soldiers and civilians. Accounts of the impact of the U. S. involvement after Pearl Harbour and the major effects that had on the war in Europe and the Far East is chronicled in startling detail, including compelling interviews from U. S. and British troops who fought against the Japanese. Continuing through from D-Day, to the Rhine Crossing and the dropping of the Atom Bomb in August 1945, this book is a unique testimony to one of the world's most dreadful conflicts. One of the hallmarks of Max Arthur's work is the way he involves those left behind on the home front as well as those working in factories or essential services. Their voices will not be neglected."
"These pages catalogue the official reports of the most important event in Royal Air Force history, the Battle fought over Britain between the 10th July and 31st October 1940. For the first time, the complete Fighter Command Operational Diaries for the period have been published in full, day by day over the whole period the Battle. Supporting this official text are a series of pages detailing such facets of the Battle as the Commanders, the Aircraft and the changes in Tactics on both sides as the situation developed. Although some of the Fighter Command claims of the time (I.e. numbers of German aircraft shot down etc.) have since been provd to be greatly exagerated on some days, it nevertheless does give a unique insight into the RAF's perspective of the Battle of Britain." Visit site.
A general work, with a substantial section upon British propaganda. Very heavily illustrated, in fact the images almost overpower the text, but the text is quite 'learned' and includes many important details, such as the significance of some of the images contained in the posters, including flags. Posters are compared with other types of propaganda, not simply left to stand alone.
This book accompanied The Power of the Poster exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum in early 1998, at which I attended the accompanying conference. The book is divided into three main sections:
The book is well illustrated and well referenced, and provides a very good starting point for the study of the use of posters in many different ways. You may be surprised at how many you recognise!
Buy paperback version from Amazon
A good primary school book, one of many Reynoldson has written. The book is well illustrated with photographs and poster illustrations, accompanied by clear text which, of necessity, is simplistic. There are several quotes from key figures in the war, which, if the subject is developed at a later age, will become well known!
The 'Home Front' is often a popular topic in schools, as so many areas of the National Curriculum can be covered. For instance, one of the topics suggested in this book is that the children are set to designing a propaganda poster of their own, based upon what they have learnt.
Buy from Amazon.


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This iOS app for iPhone, iPad and iTouch, allows families and educators to investigate and learn about the Sun at home, at school, or anywhere. It provides 13 free, easy to use, hands-on activities, plus live images of the Sun from NASA's SDO... (View More) satellite, videos of the Sun, and more. Each activity includes material lists, step-by-step instructions, and detailed explanations. Some of the activities and media pieces are also available on the project website. The activity materials are widely available and inexpensive. (View Less)
This gallery contains a selection of images and visualizations of space weather, solar wind, and their effects on Earth SciJinks is a joint NASA/NOAA educational website targeting middle school-aged children and their educators. It explores weather... (View More) and Earth science through articles, videos, images, and games. (View Less)
Each lesson or activity in this toolkit is related to NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The toolkit is designed so that each lesson can be done independently, or combined and taught in a sequence. The Teacher Implementation Guide provides... (View More) recommendations for combining the lessons into three main strands: 1) Lunar Exploration. These lessons provide a basic introduction to Moon exploration. Note that this strand is also appropriate for use in social studies classes. 2) Mapping the Moon. These lessons provide a more in-depth understanding of Moon exploration through the use of scientific data and student inquiry. The lessons also include many connections to Earth science and geology. 3) Tools of Investigation. These higher-level lessons examine the role of technology, engineering and physics in collecting and analyzing data. (View Less)
This is a software package about space weather: what it is and what it does in space and here on Earth. The disc includes software that displays movies and images of the aurora and of the Sun in various wavelengths from the ground and from orbiting... (View More) NASA spacecraft; a tutorial about what space weather is and how the aurora is formed; and more. Users will also find real-time space weather conditions from current satellite missions and can download the latest data without leaving the Space Weather application. A TicTacToe game is also included that tests space weather knowledge. The disc contains many other Space Weather resources, programs, sounds, and games for use at home or school, and there are several educational websites included in full on the disc for offline viewing. In addition there is an exhaustive list of links to a variety of space weather resources available online. The disc is available for free from a number of sites if downloaded. (View Less)
This is an interactive, real-time display system of space science images and data designed for museums and schools. The program displays hundreds of images and movies from space science research, all documented, with web references of how to find... (View More) out more information. The materials also include a large number of space science educational activities. The software is available for purchase. Full-screen versions without support files are available for download but require a registration number after a 30-day demo period. (View Less)
This is an activity about scale. Participants will arrange imagery of Earth and many other space objects in order of their size from smallest to largest, their distance from Earth's surface, their temperature from coolest to hottest, and/or their... (View More) age from youngest to oldest. By manipulating these images and discussing their ideas, children and adults represent and confront their own mental models of space and time. (View Less)
This is a set of instructions for building a physical model. The model simulates the Sun's paths across the sky at summer solstice, winter solstice, and the spring and fall equinoxes. A bead simulates the Sun, moving along a cord, from rising along... (View More) the eastern horizon to setting on the western. The bead can be moved from path to path to demonstrate solar alignments, the solstices, and equinoxes. The model is created to be unique to the user's latitude, and is useful for including in lessons that teach about the seasons or archaeoastronomy. (View Less)
This is a set of three activities about how scientists study other worlds. Learners will explore and compare the features of Mars and Earth, discuss what the features suggest about the history of Mars, and create a model to help them understand how... (View More) scientists view other worlds. The activities help to show why scientists are interested in exploring Mars for evidence of past life, and address the question: "Why are we searching for life on Mars?" It also includes specific tips within each activity for effectively engaging girls in STEM. This is activity 4 in Explore: Life on Mars? that was developed specifically for use in libraries. (View Less)
This is an activity about Lunar samples. Learners will see snapshots of the Moon's history and hold an important artifact of American history with a Lunar Sample Disk. Earth rocks and soil of similar types as the lunar samples may be provided and... (View More) explored with hands, eyes, noses, and tools. Please note, checking out a Lunar Sample Disk requires training, a secure storage facility, and a minimum of a 6-week lead time. This activity is part of Explore! Marvel Moon. (View Less)
This Science On a Sphere (SOS) module is designed to help the public better understand the story of water on Mars and how we're learning more about it. It portrays the mystery of what happened to the water on Mars in the context of a detective... (View More) story. NASA's MAVEN mission (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutoN) will help solve this mystery by studying the Martian atmosphere, how it has changed over time, and how it interacts with the Sun and the solar wind. The module also delves into Mars exploration, featuring past, present, and future Mars missions, and includes an activity comparing images of water-related features on Earth and Mars. It will help people understand that a planet's climate can change over time and how learning more about Mars helps us learn more about Earth and other planets as well. Resources included are: script, SOS playlist and datasets, background and tips for the docent or facilitator, and image comparisons of water-related features on Earth and Mars. (View Less)


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The Mossy Oak Dog Collar & Leash is a perfect choice for dogs that need a sturdy collar while out in the field, in the water, or relaxing at home. Made with official Mossy Oak duck blind pattern. The camouflage colors of the Mossy Oak Collar & Lead give your dog extra stealth while hunting. Side-release buckles on the collar are quick and simple to use. Designed with heavy-duty hardware and stitching to last. Large for dogs up to 90 lbs. |


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Focus move on Crescent creates mid-tier gold miner
PUBLISHED: 03 Aug 2011 11:14:00 | UPDATED: 04 Aug 2011 04:02:19PRINT EDITION: 03 Aug 2011
Focus Minerals is set to assume majority control of Crescent Gold to create a mid-tier gold miner after major shareholder Deutsche Bank backed the deal.
Focus would increase its stake in Crescent to 51.32 per cent by buying Deutsche's remaining 8.48 per cent holding if there is no superior proposal, Focus and Crescent said in a joint statement on Wednesday.
Focus is offering one share for every 1.18 Crescent shares, valuing Crescent at around $66 million, or 6.5 cents-a-share.
Focus Minerals says the new company will be among Australia's top five gold producers and would target annual production of 230,000 ounces in 2012.
The two Western Australian companies own a range of projects, with Focus in production in the Coolgardie Gold Belt and Crescent at its Laverton Gold Project in Kalgoorlie.
Read more
Companies | Focus Minerals Ltd, Crescent Gold |
Topics | Metals & Mining /Gold & Precious Metals , Mergers & Acquisitions |


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This is the official homepage of URL Snooper, a program written to help users locate the urls of audio and video files so that they can be recorded.
Many links to streaming audio and video that you come across on the web are hidden behind javascript or activex scripts. Because of this, it is sometimes very difficult to figure out the actual urls that correspond to the streams being played. URL Snooper provides easy solution to finding the URLs for all streams by by watching network traffic and identifying potential urls, especially streaming media urls.
New Features in Version 2
New v2.06 "Simple" mode:
New v2.06 Automatic network detector:


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Tenure: Appointed to the board 6 April 2009 (4 years)
Outside interests:
Non-executive director of Rosneft
Member of Tsinghua Management University Advisory Board, Beijing, China
Member of BritishAmerican Business International Advisory Board
Member of UAE/UK CEO Forum
Member of Turkish/British CEO Forum
Member of Russian Geographical Society
Age: 58
Nationality: American
Bob Dudley became group chief executive on 1 October 2010.
Bob joined Amoco Corporation in 1979, working in a variety of engineering and commercial posts. Between 1994 and 1997, he worked on corporate development in Russia.
In 1997, he became general manager for strategy for Amoco and in 1999, following the merger between BP and Amoco, was appointed to a similar role in BP.
Between 1999 and 2000, he was executive assistant to the group chief executive, subsequently becoming group vice president for BP's renewables and alternative energy activities. In 2002, he became group vice president responsible for BP's upstream businesses in Russia, the Caspian region, Angola, Algeria and Egypt.
From 2003 to 2008, he was president and chief executive officer of TNK-BP. On his return to BP in 2009 he was appointed to the BP board and oversaw the group's activities in the Americas and Asia. Between 23 June and 30 September 2010, he served as the president and chief executive officer of BP's Gulf Coast Restoration Organization in the US. He was appointed a director of Rosneft in March 2013 following BP's acquisition of a stake in Rosneft.
Relevant experience and skills
Bob Dudley has spent his entire career in the oil and gas industry. His broad range of roles with Amoco and BP has given him substantial global experience.
Since his appointment as group chief executive in 2010, Bob has re-organized the operations of the group and has moved its focus to value not volume; all without any compromise on safety. During the year he has successfully completed the disposal of the group's interest in TNK-BP and the acquisition of a significant stake in Rosneft.
Bob Dudley's performance has been considered and evaluated by the chairman's committee.


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The Quincy Star Follies is an unforgettable all-star lip sync variety show featuring a cast of bold and effervescent adults and youth from all over Plumas County! With a goal of supporting students through programs, events, sponsorships and scholarships, the Quincy Star Follies is the premier fund raising event of the Feather River College Foundation.The Follies will be held at the Plumas County Fairgrounds in Serpilio Hall on Friday at 6:00 and 8:30 pm on Friday & Saturday, May 16th & 17th 2014. Monies raised benefit the Feather River College Foundation to support programs, events and activities for FRC students. For information, contact the FRC Foundation at 530-283-0202. Wanna play with us? Interested in more information? Call Lisa Kelly at (775) 232-9536, e-mail email@example.com OR check us out on our Facebook Page. Want to JOIN IN THE FUN and be in the cast or crew? Go to the VOLUNTEER PAGE and sign up! |
2013 Highlights!TOP 3 Reasons to see the Star Follies: 1. Support STUDENTS & the Plumas Sierra
Fairgrounds! 2. SMILE for a minimum of 2 hours! Whether you are in the cast or the audience, this is a guarantee! 3. Shine like a STAR by joining our amazing community on stage and off! |


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Nicki Minaj took to the SNL stage to perform "Right Thru Me" (above), "Moment 4 Life" and her skits down bottom. Courtesy of RapDose and Yardie.
Posted in Hip Hop, Video | Tags: nicki minaj, snl
nicki is waaaack
The Lonely Island FTW
niggas be having that crab in the bucket syndrome hating on nicki gone and do yo thang baby
The Lonely Island joint was funny
So was the Blackenstein's Wife skit
knees flexing arms t rexing
lmaoooooooooo the creep dumb funnyyyyyyy
Wow, Jon Connor did so much better with that beat... First time I heard her version, couldn't get halfway through the first verse.
I hope you dudes are 14 year old girls. That shit was corn.
Humour is one of the ways of showing your intellegence. And it hurts me that when it comes to black people all they can think of is revising black stereotypes. that was painful to watch
Like iSaid B4 SNL is the most unfunniest show ever.
@dragonballs i agree and im black
Humour is one of the ways of showing your intellegence. And it hurts me that when it comes to black people all they can think of is revising black stereotypes. that was painful to watch DragonBalls said this on January 30th, 2011 at 8:36 am
only black people get stereotyped on national tv shows? WOW IGNORANCE SMH
i had a curry last night. I went right thru me.
Yeah, that Lonely Island thing was pretty funny. And catchy. Fuckers.
Why do we have to play their games. Why are we the only ones with an entire industry selling us death to our own. To be drug dealers, destroy our own communities and to kill each other. Sold to us by our own. This website does it itself.
When the Sopranos came on Italians had a fit. They forced them to put the family in the show that was against the mafia. Where are our people asking our own rappers to stop selling death to our own.
There was a time when we looked down on our own coons. Now they are your favorite rapper.
Moment 4 Life be rocking.....Bet money it was Drake's song before
Rio$: This bitch is an embarrassment. If you can't see that your the IGNORANT ONE.
She promotes nothing but sexuality and stupidity to our people.
Fake tits. Fake Butt. Stupid voices. Monkey see Monkey Do.
Do The Creep was sounding like another crazy record by The Lonely Island and I started wondering what mainstream rapper they would have on it. I at first thought Luda would be perfect for the song, but then I remembered Nicki was the musical act and got worried. Sure enough she gets on the song and sounds like nails on a chalkboard. Her music is intolerable and should be banned in the United States for promoting stupidty and making a bigger embarrassment out of "Women's Rights." Nicki Minaj Is the black death for hip hop and she is spreading quicker than previously thought. The only way to cure the black death is to boycott wack rappers like Nicki and the rest of Young Money Nd listen to some real rap like Nas, Big KRIT, Jay Electronica, and Jay Cole. Together, us Dopeboyz can ban together and destroy this black death.
Is it just me or is this show consistently corny and not funny?
It was a joke. I'm black and i saw myself laughing at the whole thing. I don't like Nicki Minaj BTW.
What you have to understand is that while we have all these people with ignorance, we have black people in the important positions in our world. Plus, rappers like minaj are gonna be gone in a minute so there is know need to get all mad shit.
Did she flub her lines at first?
LIL KIM PLEASE COME BACK!!!!!!! and take this bitch out
Kim was an exhibitionist and a slut, had no problem being on (still is) but this broad gets a pass w/her weak crossover LP although she portrays the same image as Kim. All the women/girls that follow her need to wake up.
It's no shade I'm just voicing an opinion. Don't start w/that hater *hit.
Stay Thirsty = Big Ghostface Jr. That was some funny ass shit my brutha
why is amber rose one of her backup singers?
been tellin y'all clowns SNL is fkin lame and most ppl who post on this site are like 14 year olds
wtf! her hair looks like a giant strawberry shortcake
id bet money thats a CHOPS track on that Lonely Island shit, sound like his shit tell me im wrong if im wrong dammit
i applaud those who have the attention span to sit through SNL every week just to find that one funny skit out of the 10+ boring ones.
@SHARKSBREATH i agree w/ what your saying, but aye, if you haven't noticed, rap has been less "gangster" in the past few years and the trend is continuing to grow. but yeah i mean, it seems as though black people only fit into the entertainment business as coons. :/
Ratings and audience have alot to do with whats on Tv. If there wasnt a audience for the content on these type of shows , the subject matter would be different. Just like in rap , if your supporting Nicki Minaj music and character then thats what you get to see. If you aint supporting artist that bring balance then you wont see those type of artist on tv shows. So its really not the artist that need to change , its the audience.
Yo is that sarah from making the band in the background singing? lol
blackadon & straightkillah shut the fuck up SNL is funny as hell . you are the lame with terrible sense of humor just like the rest of your generation .SNL is for people who are 20 t0 30 years old
nicki minaj stays entertainin n gets the haters hatin
The Creep>>>>>H.A.M.


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BAKU - The extension of a ban on the wearing of hijab to universities is inviting the ire of Muslims in Azerbaijan.
"How can the officials justify the new ban that is extended to the university students, teachers, etc.? religious expert Haj Zolfaqar Mikaeilzadeh told Press TV on Saturday, March 9.He lamented that the ban on the Muslim headscarf at high schools is now being extended to universities.
Hijab: What's It All About?
School Hijab Ban Divides Azeris
Azeris Want Hijab School Freedom
Azeri Police Attacks Pro-Hijab Protest
Students at the Azerbaijan State Oil Academy (ASOA) have been banned from entering the campus for wearing hijab.
Mais Gul Aliev, leader of Azerbaijan Green Party, described the hijab ban at universities as "illegal".
He called for an end to what he called unconstitutional measures.
Islam sees hijab as an obligatory code of dress, not a religious symbol displaying one's affiliations.
Muslims, mostly Shiite, make up more than 93 percent of the former Soviet republic's population of 8.3 million people.
The rest of the population adheres to other faiths or are non-religious.
Like much of the ex-Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has witnessed a limited religious revival since independence in 1991.
The government of President Ilham Aliyev has been facing accusations of tightening controls on the Muslim religion in the country.
In mid-February 2010, the government ordered all state employees to remove Islam-related symbols -- like Qur'anic verses -- from their offices.
In December 2010, the secular government introduced a standard school uniform which precludes the wearing of hijab, an obligatory Muslim code of dress.
The move has triggered uproar in the country, with many Muslims taking to the streets to protest against the restriction.In January 2011, Baku attempted to undermine the pro-Hijab movement in the country by rounding up Muslim activists and pressing unsubstantiated charges against them.
Reproduced with permission from OnIslam.net