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High Cholesterol
What is high cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a type of fat (lipid) in your blood. Your cells need cholesterol, and your body makes all it needs. But you also get cholesterol from the food you eat.
If you have too much cholesterol, it starts to build up in your arteries. (Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.) This is called hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. It is usually a slow process that gets worse as you get older.
To understand what happens, think about how a clog forms in the pipe under a kitchen sink. Like the buildup of grease in the pipe, the buildup of cholesterol narrows your arteries and makes it harder for blood to flow through them. It reduces the amount of blood that gets to your body tissues, including your heart. This can lead to serious problems, including heart attack and stroke.
Your cholesterol is measured by a blood test:
- High cholesterol is 240 or above.
- Borderline-high is 200 to 239.
- Best is less than 200.
What are the different kinds of cholesterol?
- LDL is the "bad" cholesterol, the kind that can clog your arteries. This is the cholesterol you need to lower, if you have high cholesterol.
- HDL is the "good" cholesterol. HDL helps clear fat from your blood. A high level of HDL can help protect you from a heart attack.
- Triglycerides are another type of fat in your blood. If you have high triglycerides and high LDL, your chances of having a heart attack are higher.
What are the symptoms?
High cholesterol doesn't make you feel sick. By the time you find out you have it, it may already be clogging your arteries. So it is very important to start treatment even though you may feel fine.
What causes high cholesterol?
Many things can cause high cholesterol, including:
- The foods you eat. Eating too much saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol can raise your cholesterol. Saturated fat and cholesterol are in foods that come from animals (such as meats, whole milk, egg yolks, butter, and cheese). Trans fats are in many packaged and snack foods, such as cookies, crackers, and chips.
- Being overweight.
- Being inactive.
- Age. Cholesterol starts to rise after age 20.
- Family history. If family members have or had high cholesterol, you may also have it.
- Overall health. Diseases such as hypothyroidism can raise cholesterol.
How is high cholesterol diagnosed?
You need a blood test to check your cholesterol. There are several kinds of tests:
- A fasting cholesterol test is the most complete test because it measures all of the fats in your blood, including LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. You cannot have food for 9 to 12 hours before this test.
- A direct LDL test measures your LDL level only. You can have this test done at any time, even if you recently had a meal or snack.
- A simple cholesterol test can measure total cholesterol and HDL. You can eat before this test. Sometimes doctors do this test first.
How is it treated?
If you have high cholesterol, you need treatment to lower your risk of heart attack and stroke. The two main treatments are lifestyle changes and medicine.
Some lifestyle changes are important for everyone with high cholesterol. Your doctor will probably want you to:
- Eat a heart-healthy diet that includes plenty of fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, high-fiber grains and breads, and healthy fats like olive oil.
- Lose weight, if you need to. Losing just 5 lb to 10 lb (2.3 kg to 4.5 kg) can lower your cholesterol. Losing weight can also help lower your blood pressure.
- Get regular exercise on most, if not all, days of the week. Walking is great exercise that most people can do. A good goal is 30 minutes or more a day.
- Don't smoke. Quitting can help raise your HDL and improve your heart health.
Changing old habits may not be easy, but it is very important to help you live a healthier and longer life. Having a plan can help. Start with small steps. For example, commit to adding one fruit or one vegetable a day for a week. Instead of having dessert, take a short walk.
If these lifestyle changes don't lower your cholesterol enough, or if your risk of heart attack is high, you may also need to take a cholesterol-lowering medicine, such as a statin. Knowing your heart attack risk is important, because it helps you and your doctor decide how to treat your cholesterol.
To find out your risk, use the Interactive Tool: Are You at Risk for a Heart Attack?
Health Tools
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
Frequently Asked Questions
Learning about high cholesterol: |
Being diagnosed: |
Getting treatment: |
Living with high cholesterol: |
High cholesterol can be caused by:
- What you eat. Eating too much saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol can cause high cholesterol. Saturated fat and cholesterol are in foods that come from animals, such as meats, whole milk, egg yolks, butter, and cheese. Trans fat is found in fried foods and packaged foods, such as cookies, crackers, and chips.
- Your weight. Being overweight may increase triglycerides and decrease HDL (good cholesterol).
- Your activity level. Lack of physical activity may increase LDL (bad cholesterol) and decrease HDL.
- Your age and gender. After you reach age 20, your cholesterol naturally begins to rise. In men, cholesterol generally levels off after age 50. In women, it stays fairly low until menopause. Then it rises to about the same level as in men.
- Some diseases. Certain diseases may cause high cholesterol. These include diabetes or other metabolic disorders, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and other kidney problems.
- Your family history. High cholesterol may run in your family. If family members have or had high cholesterol, you may also have it.
- Cigarette smoking. Smoking can lower your HDL cholesterol.
- Certain medicines. Some medicines can raise triglyceride levels and lower HDL (good) cholesterol levels. These medicines include thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, estrogen, and corticosteroids.
High cholesterol does not make you feel sick. It is usually found during a routine blood test that measures cholesterol levels. You may first find out that you have it when you are diagnosed with a problem that is caused in part by high cholesterol, such as a heart condition or a problem with your pancreas.
Some people with rare lipid disorders may have symptoms such as deposits of extra cholesterol in the skin. These deposits can also cause bumps in tendons in the hands or feet.
What Happens
Having high LDL cholesterol or having low HDL cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in artery walls. This buildup is called atherosclerosis, and it can:
- Narrow your arteries. When enough plaque builds up, it starts to block your arteries. This happens slowly over many years. In time, the plaque can limit blood flow. The parts of your body that depend on the arteries for blood can suffer from lack of oxygen. This is called ischemia. If it's your heart muscle that isn't getting enough oxygen, you may have chest pain (angina).
- Harden your arteries. A healthy artery can widen (dilate) so that more blood can flow through when needed, such as during activity. When hard plaque forms in the walls of an artery, it can make the artery too stiff to widen. This "hardening" of your coronary arteries can also cause chest pain.
- Block your arteries. When a blood clot forms around a crack or rupture in the plaque, it can plug the artery. This damages tissues or organs that should receive blood from that artery. Men who smoke, have high cholesterol, or both have a greater chance of having a plaque rupture, causing a heart attack or sudden death.
See a picture of how plaque causes a heart attack.
Atherosclerosis can lead to:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD), which can cause chest pain, heart attack, heart failure, or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). For more information, see the topic Coronary Artery Disease.
- Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Atherosclerosis, when it affects arteries that supply blood to the brain, may lead to a stroke or TIA. For more information, see the topics Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).
- Peripheral arterial disease , which is caused by atherosclerosis in blood vessels that supply blood to the legs, arms, and other parts of the body. Reduced blood flow to the legs may cause pain or cramps in the calf, thigh, or rear end (buttock). For more information, see the topic Peripheral Arterial Disease of the Legs.
Use the Interactive Tool: Are You at Risk for a Heart Attack?
More information |
What Increases Your Risk
Some things that increase your risk for high cholesterol are things you can change, but some are not. It's important to lower your risk as much as possible.
Things you can change include:
- Eating foods high in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol.
- Being overweight.
- Not being active every day.
- Smoking.
Each of these things can raise your LDL, lower your HDL, or both.
You may be able to control some other conditions that can raise cholesterol, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Taking certain medicines can raise your cholesterol, too.
One Woman's Story: Linda, 56 "Terri's heart attack scared me to death. I decided that this time, I'm doing the whole package. I'm quitting smoking for good."—Linda Read more about Linda and how quitting smoking improved her cholesterol. |
Things you cannot change include:
- Family history . If high cholesterol runs in your family, you may have it, and it may be harder to treat.
- Age and gender. After age 20, cholesterol levels naturally rise. In men, cholesterol levels often level off after age 50. In women, cholesterol levels stay fairly low until menopause. After that, they rise to about the same level as in men.
When to Call a Doctor
High cholesterol usually has no symptoms. Sometimes the first sign that you have high cholesterol or other risk factors for heart disease is a heart attack, a stroke, or a transient ischemic attack (TIA). If you have any symptoms of these, call 911 or other emergency services.
Symptoms of a heart attack include:
- Chest pain or pressure, or a strange feeling in the chest.
- Sweating.
- Shortness of breath.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Pain, pressure, or a strange feeling in the back, neck, jaw, or upper belly, or one or both shoulders or arms.
- Lightheadedness or sudden weakness.
- A fast or uneven heartbeat.
Symptoms of a stroke or TIA include:
- Sudden numbness, paralysis, or weakness in your face, arm, or leg, especially on only one side of your body.
- New problems with walking or balance.
- Sudden vision changes.
- Drooling or slurred speech.
- New problems speaking or understanding simple statements, or feeling confused.
- A sudden, severe headache that is different from past headaches.
Call your doctor for an appointment if you:
- Think you may have diabetes.
- Have family members who have high cholesterol, coronary artery disease (CAD), or diabetes.
- Are concerned about your cholesterol.
- Are having side effects from your medicines.
Who to See
Any of the following doctors, nurses, or specialists can order a cholesterol test and treat high cholesterol:
- Nurse practitioner (NP)
- Physician assistant (PA)
- Family medicine doctor
- Internal medicine doctor
- Cardiologist
- Endocrinologist
A registered dietitian can help you with a diet to lower your cholesterol.
People who have rare lipid disorders, which can be hard to treat, may need to see a specialist, often an endocrinologist.
You may need to see a cardiologist if you are diagnosed with heart disease.
Exams and Tests
A simple blood test tells you if you have high cholesterol.
- A simple cholesterol test can measure total cholesterol and HDL. You can eat before this test. Sometimes doctors do this test first.
- A lipoprotein analysis , also called a fasting cholesterol test, is a more thorough test. It measures your total cholesterol plus your LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels. It is called a fasting test because you don't eat for 9 to 12 hours before the test.
- A direct LDL test measures your LDL level only. You can have this test done at any time, no matter when you last ate.
Your total cholesterol level is important. But your levels of LDL, HDL, and triglycerides help your doctor decide if you need treatment for high cholesterol. Your doctor will also consider your overall health and your risk of heart attack.
What do your cholesterol numbers mean?
The following tables will help you understand the results of your cholesterol tests. All numbers are milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), but most people just say the numbers.
Total cholesterol
Your total cholesterol number shows if your cholesterol is too high. If you have high cholesterol, your doctor will want to know your LDL and HDL levels before deciding whether you need treatment and what sort of treatment you need.
High | 240 or above |
Borderline high | 200 to 239 |
Best | Less than 200 |
LDL (bad) cholesterol
You want your LDL level to be low. But how low your LDL should be depends on your risk of heart attack. This table shows the LDL levels for someone with an average risk of heart attack.
Best | Below 100 |
Near best | 100 to 129 |
Borderline high | 130 to 159 |
High | 160 to 189 |
Very high | 190 and above |
Your LDL goal may be lower if your heart attack risk is higher than average. (To find out your risk, see the Interactive Tool: Are You at Risk for a Heart Attack?)
Your doctor will help decide what your LDL goal is and if you need any treatment to lower your LDL. The higher your risk of heart attack, the lower your LDL goal.
HDL (good) cholesterol
You want your HDL level to be high. HDL (good) cholesterol goals are different for men and women. But for everyone, the higher your HDL, the better. HDL over 60 helps protect against a heart attack. HDL below 40 increases your risk of heart problems. A high HDL number can help offset a high LDL number.
Best | 60 or higher protects against heart disease |
Good | 40 or higher |
Bad | Below 40 |
You want your triglyceride level to be low.
Normal | Less than 150 |
Borderline-high | 150 to 199 |
High | 200 to 499 |
Very high | 500 or higher |
Your risk level
When you visit your doctor to talk about your cholesterol test, you will talk about other things that increase your risk for heart problems. These include:
- Smoking.
- Diabetes .
- High blood pressure .
- A family history of high cholesterol and heart attack.
If your risk is high, or if you already have heart problems, your doctor will be more likely to prescribe medicine along with lifestyle changes. For more information about heart disease, see the topic Coronary Artery Disease.
Other tests
- You may need other tests to find out if another health problem, such as hypothyroidism, is causing your high cholesterol.
- A C-reactive protein (CRP) test may be done for some people who are at risk for getting coronary artery disease. A special type of CRP test, the high-sensitivity CRP test, can help find out your chance of having a sudden heart problem, such as a heart attack. This test may be done even if you have a normal or low level of LDL cholesterol.
More information |
Early Detection
Some doctors recommend that everyone older than 20 be checked for high cholesterol. How often you need to be checked depends on whether you have other health problems and your overall chance of heart disease. For more information, see:
Treatment Overview
The goal in treating high cholesterol is to reduce your chances of having a heart attack or stroke.
The two types of treatment for high cholesterol are:
- Lifestyle changes, including healthy eating, quitting smoking, losing extra weight, and getting more active.
- Daily medicines.
Treating high cholesterol with lifestyle changes
Your doctor may suggest that you make one or more of the following changes:
- Build good eating habits. Your doctor may suggest that you follow a cholesterol-lowering diet that cuts back on saturated fat while still allowing good fat such as olive and canola oils.
- Lose weight. If you are overweight, losing just 5 lb to 10 lb (2.3 kg to 4.5 kg) can lower your cholesterol and triglycerides. Losing weight can also help lower your blood pressure.
- Get more active. Exercise can raise your HDL and may help you lose weight, if you need to.
- Stop smoking. If you smoke, quitting will also help you raise your HDL.
For more information, see the section Making lifestyle changes.
Treating high cholesterol with medicine
Many people try lifestyle changes first. But if lifestyle changes aren't enough, you will need to take medicine too.
Some people need to start taking medicine right away because their risk of heart attack is higher than average.
Know your heart attack risk
Use the Interactive Tool: Are You at Risk for a Heart Attack?
This interactive tool will tell you your level of risk. Your doctor will base your need for medicine on your risk level. After you use the tool, you can learn more about treatment for your risk level.
You are considered at very high risk if you have coronary artery disease and you also smoke or have diabetes, acute coronary syndrome, or metabolic syndrome.
Work with your doctor to treat other diseases that you may have, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. And if you smoke, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good.
Take your medicine properly
Some people find it hard to take their medicines properly. They may fit into one of these groups:
"Why should I bother?" These people don't see why they should take medicines every day
when they don't feel sick.
- High cholesterol doesn't make you feel sick. But it's important to treat it, because it damages your blood vessels and eventually your heart, even though you don't have symptoms.
"I don't like the side effects." These people stop taking their medicines because they are
having side effects from the pills.
- If you're having side effects, tell your doctor. There are many kinds of medicines you can try until you find one that works well with the fewest side effects.
"I just can't keep track." Some people find it very hard to keep track of taking two or more
pills every day, especially if they need to take them at different times.
- Your doctor may be able to change your pill schedule to make it simpler. You can also organize your pills with a pillbox that holds a week's worth of pills. Some of these boxes have separate compartments for morning, noon, and bedtime pills.
For more information, see:
If you have trouble taking your medicine for any reason, talk to your doctor.
You can help prevent high cholesterol by:
- Eating a diet low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol.
- Getting plenty of exercise.
- Managing your weight.
- Not smoking.
Because cholesterol levels tend to increase with age, paying attention to diet and exercise is even more important as you get older.
Some people may not be able to prevent high cholesterol with lifestyle changes. Family history or certain conditions that cause the body to make too much cholesterol can raise levels even with lifestyle changes. In these cases, medicine can help.
Remember that high cholesterol is just one of the things that increase your risk for heart attack and stroke. Controlling other health problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, can also help reduce your overall risk.
Making Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle changes are important to help control high cholesterol, especially if you have other risk factors for heart disease and stroke.
Even if your doctor has prescribed medicine for you, you may still need to make changes at home to lower your cholesterol and reduce your risk. Some people can even take less medicine after making these changes.
What changes do you need to make?
One Man's Story: Joe, 61 "The walking was the easy part for me. I get out every evening for a walk. The food part took some thought. Each week, I added a food that was good for me and took something away that was bad for me."—Joe Read more about how Joe is improving his cholesterol by making one change at a time. |
Make these lifestyle changes to help lower your cholesterol:
- Eat healthy foods. Follow a heart-healthy diet such as the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet, the Mediterranean diet, or the American Heart Association diet recommendations. See:
- Lose extra weight. Losing just 5 lb to 10 lb (2.3 kg to 4.5 kg) can lower your cholesterol and triglycerides. Losing weight can also help lower your blood pressure. For help, see:
- Get active. Regular physical activity raises "good" HDL cholesterol and lowers "bad" LDL cholesterol. Getting active has many other benefits too. It can help you lose weight. And it can lower your blood pressure. See:
- Don't smoke. Quitting can help raise your HDL and improve your heart health. "Good" HDL levels often go up soon after a person quits smoking. For more information, see the topic Quitting Smoking. And for more help, see:
More on food
Making healthy eating habits a part of your daily life is one of the best things you can do to lower your cholesterol. Your doctor may recommend the TLC diet. The diet's main focus is to reduce the amount of saturated fat you eat, because saturated fat raises your cholesterol.
You could also use the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet emphasizes eating foods like fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, high-fiber grains and breads, and olive oils. These foods are rich with monounsaturated fats, fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Knowing which diet to follow can be confusing. A chart with several heart-healthy diets(What is a PDF document?) shows how the TLC and Mediterranean diets compare with other eating plans. If you have questions about which diet to follow, talk to your doctor.
For more information about food and high cholesterol, see:
- Soy protein.
- Fiber.
- Fish and fish oil.
- Antioxidants, flavonoids, and red wine.
- Cholesterol-lowering margarines.
- Foods to avoid.
- Foods and their effect on cholesterol levels.
- Healthy food choices to lower cholesterol.
If high cholesterol runs in your family, these lifestyle changes may not be enough. You may need to take medicine, too. But no matter what treatment you use, you can lower your high cholesterol.
How do you make lifestyle changes?
One Man's Story: Joe, 61 "I'm just not that type of person who can change everything at once."—Joe Read more about Joe and how using the TLC plan helped him take charge of his cholesterol. |
Making any kind of change in the way you live your daily life is like being on a path. The path leads to success. You get there one step at a time. Here are the first steps on that path:
- Have your own reason for making a change. If you do it because someone else wants you to, you're less likely to have success.
- Set goals. Include long-term goals as well as short-term goals that you can measure easily.
- Measure improvements to your health. For example, keep track of your blood pressure, cholesterol, or blood sugar. Or see how you can shorten the time it takes to walk a mile.
- Think about what might get in your way, and prepare for slip-ups.
- Get support from your family, your doctor, your friends—and from yourself.
1. Have your own reasons for making a change
Your reason for wanting to make a lifestyle change is really important. Why do you want to lower your cholesterol? To live longer? To be around for your family?
But it's very important that you feel ready to make changes. If you don't feel ready now, learn more about high cholesterol and the damage it can do. When you truly want to make changes, you're ready for the next step.
It's not easy to make changes. But taking the time to really think about what will motivate or inspire you will help you reach your goals.
2. Set goals you can reach
Ask yourself if you feel ready to begin taking steps toward big goals. If you're not ready yet, try to pick a date when you will start making small changes. Any healthy change—no matter how small—is a good start.
When you are clear about your reasons for wanting to make a change, it's time to set your goals:
- Long-term goals: These are large goals that you want to reach in 6 to 12 months. Your doctor can help you figure out what your long-term goals should be for your cholesterol.
- Short-term goals: What are the short-term goals that will help you reach your long-term goals? Short-term goals are the small steps you take, week by week, to improve your health.
- Updated goals: To help you stay motivated, track your progress and update your goals as you move forward.
Tips for setting goals
3. Measure how your health has improved
Before you make lifestyle changes, ask your doctor to write down your cholesterol levels for you. You may also want to record your blood pressure and your weight. Then, as you make changes and have your cholesterol level, blood pressure, and weight checked again, you will begin to see improvement.
4. Prepare for slip-ups
One Man's Story: Joe, 61 "I've learned to not beat myself up [when I slip up]. Instead, I refocus on my plan and get right back to eating healthy food. What keeps me going is the results—I've lost weight, my cholesterol's getting better, and I feel younger every day."—Joe |
It's perfectly normal to try to change a habit, go along fine for a while, and then have a setback. Lots of people try and try again before they reach their goals.
What are the things that might cause a setback for you? If you have tried to make lifestyle changes before, think about what helped you and what got in your way.
By thinking about these barriers now, you can plan ahead for how to deal with them if they happen.
Barriers |
Solutions |
"I might be too busy." |
"I might get bored." |
"It might rain." |
Use a personal action plan(What is a PDF document?) to write down your barriers and backup plans.
There will be times when you slip up and don't make your goal for the week. When that happens, don't get mad at yourself. Learn from the experience. Ask yourself what got in the way of making your goal. Positive thinking goes a long way when you're making lifestyle changes.
4. Get support
The more support you have for making lifestyle changes, the easier it is to make those changes.
You can use this personal action plan(What is a PDF document?) to organize your support system.
Tips for getting support
Statins are the medicines used the most often to treat high cholesterol, and they often work the best. They can reduce the risk for heart attack, stroke, and early death in people who are at high risk for a heart attack or stroke. Other medicines also lower cholesterol, and some may be used to lower triglycerides or raise HDL.
Doctors may also prescribe aspirin therapy if you have had a heart attack or a stroke, or you have a high risk for heart attack or stroke.
Do you need to take medicine? That depends. The decision to use medicine to treat high cholesterol is usually based on your LDL level and your risk for heart attack and stroke.
Medicine is always used along with a diet and exercise plan, not instead of it.
- Some people can try diet and exercise for at least 3 months before they decide if they need medicines.
- People who have coronary artery disease (CAD) should start taking medicines right away.
- You may also need to start on medicine right away if your cholesterol is very high or you have:
- A family history of early CAD.
- An inherited form of high cholesterol.
- Peripheral arterial disease.
- Diabetes.
- High blood pressure.
- Had a heart attack or stroke before.
You and your doctor will decide if you will take medicine for high cholesterol. For more information, see:
One Man's Story: Tony, 57 "I don't mind taking a pill a day. As long as it's doing me some good. And I no longer have any doubts about that."—Tony Read more about Tony and how medicine helps him keep his cholesterol low. |
Side effects are more likely and may be worse when you use higher doses of statins. Talk to your doctor if side effects bother you. You may be able to take a different medicine or a different dose.
Be sure to tell your doctor everything you take for high cholesterol, even herbs or other supplements or treatments. Sometimes they can interact with other medicines and cause problems.
Medication Choices
The following medicines can be used to lower LDL and triglyceride levels in the blood and to raise HDL.
Generic names | Brand names | How they work |
atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin |
Lipitor, Mevacor, Pravachol, Zocor, Lescol, Crestor, Altocor |
Reduce how much cholesterol your body makes |
Some statins are combined with another medicine.
Generic names | Brand names | How they work |
ezetimibe with simvastatin |
Lower how much cholesterol your body makes and the amount of cholesterol your body absorbs |
atorvastatin with amlodipine |
Lower how much cholesterol your body makes and lower blood pressure |
niacin with lovastatin | Raise good (HDL) cholesterol and lower bad (LDL) cholesterol |
Your doctor may prescribe other medicines. Some are used with a statin.
Type of drug |
Generic names | Brand names | How they work |
cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam | Questran, Colestid, Welchol | Lower the amount of LDL cholesterol in your blood | |
gemfibrozil, fenofibrate | Lopid, Tricor | Lower triglycerides and can raise good (HDL) cholesterol. LDL may go up slightly. | |
niacin | Niacor, Niaspan, Nicolar | Raise HDL cholesterol and lower triglycerides and LDL | |
ezetimibe | Zetia | Lower how much cholesterol your body can absorb |
What to think about
If you do take medicine, it is important to use it the right way. See the topic Taking Medicines as Prescribed.
To help you decide whether medicine to lower cholesterol is right for you, see:
Other Treatment
Some plant products can help lower high cholesterol. But don't use them to replace your doctor's treatment. Whether or not you use such products, be sure to continue your diet, exercise, and prescription medicines.
As with any new form of treatment, make sure to talk with your doctor first. This is especially important if you take statins. Combining statins and some supplements can cause dangerous side effects.
Psyllium is an ingredient in some dietary supplements—Metamucil, for example. It's a fiber from fleawort and plantago seeds.
Doctors aren't sure how it helps cholesterol levels. It may make the small intestine absorb less cholesterol, so less of it enters your blood.
Psyllium is approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). The main side effect is increased bowel movements.
Red yeast rice
Red yeast rice contains a natural form of lovastatin, a common prescription cholesterol-lowering drug. The red yeast keeps your body from producing too much cholesterol.
Although red yeast can be effective in lowering cholesterol, many experts urge caution if you eat it. Some people who have eaten large quantities of red yeast rice have experienced dangerously low levels of cholesterol. A better alternative may be to take dietary supplements that contain red yeast.
It is extremely important that you talk with your doctor before taking such supplements because they could cause dangerous side effects.
Do not take red yeast supplements if you are taking statins. Combining them can cause dangerous side effects.
Sterol or stanol esters
Sterol and stanol esters are used in cholesterol-lowering margarine spreads, such as Take Control and Benecol. They are approved by the FDA and don't usually cause any side effects.
Experts believe that sterol esters work by limiting how much cholesterol the small intestine can absorb.
Not recommended for lowering cholesterol
- Garlic. Studies have shown that eating lots of garlic or taking garlic supplements does not effectively lower cholesterol. And eating too much garlic can have side effects, including allergic reaction, gas, heartburn, garlic odor from the skin, interference with some drugs, and longer blood-clotting time.
- Very low-fat diets. Although very low-fat diets may indeed lower cholesterol levels, they are not recommended. Very low-fat diets usually allow less than 15% of total calories from fat. In comparison, a cholesterol-reducing diet allows 25% to 35% of calories to come from total fat, with 7% from saturated fat. A diet with less than 25% of its calories from fat can increase triglycerides and decrease HDL (good) cholesterol. Such a diet may deplete your body of other important nutrients and vitamins.
- Policosanol. Policosanol, which is made from sugar cane, has not been shown to lower cholesterol.1
Other Places To Get Help
American Heart Association Low-Fat Low-Cholesterol Cookbook | |
Author/Editor: | American Heart Association |
Publisher: | Crown Publishing Group |
Publication Date: | June 2004 |
Eater's Choice: A Food Lover's Guide to Lower Cholesterol | |
Author/Editor: | R. Goor, N. Goor |
Publisher: | Houghton Mifflin |
Publication Date: | 5th edition, 1999 |
American Heart Association (AHA) | |
7272 Greenville Avenue | |
Dallas, TX 75231 | |
Phone: | 1-800-AHA-USA1 (1-800-242-8721) |
Web Address: | www.americanheart.org |
Call the American Heart Association (AHA) to find your nearest local or state AHA group. AHA can provide brochures and information about support groups and community programs, including Mended Hearts, a nationwide organization whose members visit people with heart problems and provide information and support. AHA's Web site also has information on physical activity, diet, and various heart-related conditions. |
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health | |
P.O. Box 30105 | |
Bethesda, MD 20824-0105 | |
Phone: | (301) 592-8573 |
Fax: | (240) 629-3246 |
E-mail: | firstname.lastname@example.com |
Web Address: | www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/ncep |
Contact the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) for information on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). The NCEP can provide information on high cholesterol as a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. You'll also find information on cholesterol-lowering diets, recipes, exercise, weight loss, and lifestyle changes. |
Related Information
- Berthold HK, et al. (2006). Effect of policosanol on lipid levels among patients with hypercholesterolemia or combined hyperlipidemia. JAMA, 295(19): 2262–2269.
Other Works Consulted
- Brunzell JD, Failor RA (2006). Diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., ACP Medicine, section 9, chap. 11. New York: WebMD.
- Buckley DI, et al. (2009). C-reactive protein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(7): 483–495.
- Gami A (2007). Secondary prevention of ischaemic cardiac events, search date July 2004. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence. Also available online: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
- Genest J, Libby P (2008). Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular disease. In P Libby et al., eds., Braunwald's Heart Disease, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 1071–1092. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
- Grundy SM, et al. (2001). Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA, 285(19): 2486–2497.
- Kavey RW, et al. (2003). American Heart Association guidelines for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease beginning in childhood. Circulation, 107(11): 1562–1566.
- Krummel DA (2008). Medical nutrition therapy for cardiovascular disease. In LK Mahan, S Escott-Stump, eds., Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy, 12th ed., pp. 833–864. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier.
- Maron DJ, et al. (2008). Risk factors for which interventions have proved to lower risk of coronary heart disease section of Preventative strategies for coronary heart disease. In V Fuster et al., eds., Hurst's The Heart, 12th ed., pp. 1208–1217. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Mosca L, et al. (2007). Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: 2007 update. Circulation, 115(11): 1481–1501.
- Simon HB (2003). Diet and exercise. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., Scientific American Medicine, Clinical Essentials, chap. 4. New York: WebMD.
- Stone NJ, Blum CB (2004). Management of Lipids in Clinical Practice. Caddo, OK: Professional Communications.
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2008). Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148(11): 846–854.
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2009). Using nontraditional risk factors in coronary heart disease risk assessment. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available online: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf09/coronaryhdrs.htm
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2009). Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available online: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsasmi.htm.
Author | Robin Parks, MS |
Author | Christopher Hess |
Author | Cynthia Tank |
Editor | Kathleen M. Ariss, MS |
Editor | Katy E. Magee, MA |
Associate Editor | Pat Truman, MATC |
Associate Editor | Michele Cronen |
Primary Medical Reviewer | E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine |
Specialist Medical Reviewer | Robert A. Kloner, MD, PhD - Cardiology |
Specialist Medical Reviewer | Carl Orringer, MD - Cardiology, Clinical Lipidology |
Last Updated | July 11, 2008 |
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Reports & Research
Understanding Childhood Issues & Highlighting Them
Child-Centered Health Homes in California
Feb 12, 2014
Download file: Health Homes Policy Brief
Too many California children are failing to get the well-coordinated mix of health care services that they need to thrive. This represents a huge area of opportunity to improve outcomes for kids and the state as a whole, given healthy children and families are more productive. Fortunately, a new twist on an old idea is poised to provide the better, more holistic care for kids and their families that's needed: health homes. A health home is a team-based model for delivering a comprehensive range of health care services in a personalized and coordinated manner, including medical, dental, and mental health, and support services.

subset: commoncrawl


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See the So So Glos Blow Out Their Network Television Debut on 'Letterman'
Brooklyn punks played "Son of An American," the opening track off their latest LP
When SPIN recently spoke to the So So Glos about their latest LP, the appropriately titled Blowout, drummer Zach Staggers said of the 12-track effort, "Everything is blown out, bricked out, we just wanted it to be aggressive. We just put our faces in people's faces to get our ideas out. And it's a party."
The Williamsburg-based punks brought that ethos to the Late Show with David Letterman last night (April 26), making their network television debut for a performance of the new album's opener "Son of an American." A few seconds into the sneering, scruffy, down-but-not-out anthem, singer-bassist Alex Levine lets an awkward smile slip out across his face, likely a mix of nervousness and excitement; and Levine has every right to experience a quick "Is this really happening?" moment — the So So Glos just got their ideas out in front of a lot more people's faces.


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It is an odd flightless birds live together as a fascinating cooperative behavior of the torpedo shaped, Penguin,. Lessons in Penguin, diet and Habitat with Penguin construction paper, children have to make sure. To adopt this draft paper, having one of the 16 seeds choice children. Included is the name of the Emperor, Africa, macaroni, and some types of Penguin. Use the distinction between feather plumage differences between subtle types of penguins, orange or yellow upper breast, varieties.
Inches long by 3 ½ inches throughout black construction paper 7 ½ full of cut creates the Penguin's body. Secondly, cover aspects of black paper, glue and yogurt containers. Along the side of the paper a smooth container position). Keep the container opening stand. Small circle of black construction paper cuts to the head. Paste it on the body.
Publish white paper Penguin's stomach. To do this is upside down "U", approximate length 3. 5-Inch drawing has two connecting points. Along the lines cut and paste at the top of the container. The flat edge, embedded in the bottom of the container.
Tears of two wings to draw a rounded black paper. Need to measure large parts 2 ½ inch, 1 inch. Expand the vertical blade before you cut them and paste in three dimensions. Paste into each side of the white stomach. Also, add on a narrow yellow paper band subtle stripes to each of the blades.
Twice to create two construction of the white paper, punched paper ç›®ã—ã¾ã™. Make a paper punch to take two students of Brown construction paper. Brown construction paper around crops than the White students. White was struck on the head of circle with glue. My space evenly. Brown and white adhesive yen.
Cut a diamond-shaped beak and the neighborhood is about ¾ inch orange colored construction paper is. Fold the diamond in two. Just below the tab expansion beak Glue eyes straight edge on one.
Small rectangle with two (approximately 1 x ½ inch) to's two Overview Add Pink cut paper with black construction paper to cardboard. At the foot of the penguins. Paste together two colors overlap. When dry, the legs using adhesive at the bottom of the container the Connect tab. Verify that rose up.
Penguin feathers and smooth complete thin strip of six penguins orange colored construction paper. Replace the base of elastic band or band in a bag. Paste has completed and collect at the top of the container. Also, they are to make bends on the back of the container outside, eye on paste.


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Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV Brouwerijplein, 1 Leuven, 3000 Belgium - Map Phone: 32 1 627 61 11 Fax: 32 1 650 61 11 Website: http://www.ab-inbev.com
Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, a brewing company, produces, markets, distributes, and sells beer. It offers a portfolio of approximately 200 beer brands. The companys international brands include Budweiser, Stella Artois, Corona, and Becks; multi-country brands consist of Leffe and Hoegaarden; and local brands primarily comprise Bud Light, Skol, Brahma, Antarctica, Quilmes, Victoria, Modelo Especial, Michelob Ultra, Harbin, Sedrin, Klinskoye, Sibirskaya Korona, Chernigivske, and Jupiler. It also offers soft drinks. The company has operations in approximately 24 countries. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV was founded in 1366 and is headquartered in Leuven, Belgium.


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Kaplan has several things going for her. She is a woman, and women tend not only to vote more than men in Dade County but to also vote for other women. She is Jewish and is expected to appeal to Jewish voters in Miami Beach. She has strong name recognition because of her husband. She is also likely to attract support from some of the groups that have been extremely loyal to her husband, including the gay community and the county's largest police union.
Helping to run her campaign are two of Barreiro's fellow legislators, state representatives Luis Rojas and Alex Diaz de la Portilla. "I think she can win," says Rojas, who has been a legislator since 1988. "She is really a sharp woman. She is articulate; she is tough and independent-minded. If there was ever a debate between the two of them, she would kill him."
Rojas and Diaz de la Portilla recently opened their own political consulting firm, Winning Strategies, and the Kaplan campaign will be their first foray into local elections. "Bruno is a very, very, very nice person," says Rojas. "I want to stress that: He's a nice kid. But he does not have what it takes to survive on the county commission. He gets confused. He doesn't have the depth and the competence to be a commissioner."
Barreiro will fall under the influence of his more assertive colleagues, just as he has in Tallahassee, Rojas predicts. "He will be a guy that will be easy to -- what's the word you use when describing a pile of clay -- malleable," he says. "He'll be malleable."
Malleable, of course, is just a polite way of saying Barreiro can be easily manipulated, which may explain another reason that Rojas and Diaz de la Portilla have taken an interest in this election. If Barreiro is elected, he'll become easy prey for commissioners such as Natacha Millan and Miriam Alonso, and, most important, Mayor Penelas.
Alex Diaz de la Portilla's brother Miguel sits on the county commission and is both Penelas's chief rival and a likely contender to run against the mayor in two years. Opposing Barreiro is another way of trying to thwart Penelas from expanding his power base.
Rojas denies that Penelas was a factor in their decision to run Kaplan's campaign. They simply need the business, he argues. "We talked to other people who were thinking of entering the race," Rojas says. "We even talked to Bruno, and if Bruno had hired us, we would be working for him. But Janitza hired us instead."
Whether or not Rojas wants to admit it, framing this election around the notion that Barreiro will simply become a Penelas puppet is one way Kaplan can raise money quickly. She hopes to pull in between $75,000 and $100,000 during the two weeks before the election, but the only realistic way she can do that is to have Rojas and Diaz de la Portilla successfully tap into the pool of anti-Penelas money that in the past has flowed so generously to politicians like Hialeah Mayor Raul Martinez.
Barreiro says he hopes to raise about $150,000. Members of the Latin Builders' Association have already taken out their checkbooks to help him, as have most of the county's other major lobbyists. Add to that Penelas's fundraising machine and Barreiro should have little problem hitting his target.
Given the geographic boundaries of county commission District 5, there are always two races to be fought. The district includes all of Miami Beach south of 71st Street, downtown Miami, a small portion of Overtown, and Little Havana as far west as 22nd Avenue. Candidates generally ignore Overtown and wage their battles in Miami Beach and Little Havana.
Barreiro will likely have the edge in Little Havana, while Kaplan will have an advantage in Miami Beach. Even though Barreiro's current House district includes a small portion of Miami Beach (from Lincoln Road south), he is largely unknown in mid-Beach, where Kaplan resides.
Barreiro is expected to use his war chest to launch an ambitious direct-mail campaign to introduce himself to Beach voters. Kaplan, on the other hand, will try to undermine Barreiro's mainland support by appearing on Spanish-language radio.
The Barreiro-Kaplan race may end up having more subplots than a Quentin Tarantino film. It has become a civil war of sorts, pitting as it does political brothers against one another. There was a time when the machine that is now pushing Barreiro -- Al Gutman, Kiki Berger, Armando Gutierrez -- was Kaplan's greatest source of strength. Now Kaplan's wife is running against them, and the displeasure is apparent.
On Monday, May 18, the day before candidates could officially begin signing up for the commission race, Bruno Barreiro, Jr., and Bruce Kaplan met at the home of Miami Beach Commissioner David Dermer. Also present were Gutierrez and Beach Commissioner Simón Cruz. "They tried to strong-arm me to keep Janitza from entering the race," Kaplan claims. "Armando told me they were going to trash me. They were clearly concerned about the impact Janitza could have on the election."
Gutierrez denies it. "It was just a meeting of old friends," he says wryly. "There were no threats. How can you believe Bruce Kaplan?"
In this race, how can you believe anyone?


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You must be logged in to save your search, you can Register an account with SciCrunch to save your searches.
orIf you have forgotten your password, please enter your account email below and we will reset your password and email you the new password.
Although a wide range of approaches have been developed to automatically assess the volume of brain regions from MRI, the reproducibility of these algorithms across different scanners and pulse sequences, their accuracy in different clinical populations and sensitivity to real changes in brain volume have not always been comprehensively examined. Firstly we present a comprehensive testing protocol which comprises 312 freely available MR images to assess the accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity of automated brain segmentation techniques. Accuracy is assessed in infants, young adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease in comparison to gold standard measures by expert observers using a manual technique based on Cavalieri's principle. The protocol determines the reliability of segmentation between scanning sessions, different MRI pulse sequences and 1.5T and 3T field strengths and examines their sensitivity to small changes in volume using a large longitudinal dataset. Secondly we apply this testing protocol to a novel algorithm for segmenting the lateral ventricles and compare its performance to the widely used FSL FIRST and FreeSurfer methods. The testing protocol produced quantitative measures of accuracy, reliability and sensitivity of lateral ventricle volume estimates for each segmentation method. The novel algorithm showed high accuracy in all populations (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC>0.95), good reproducibility between MRI pulse sequences (ICC>0.99) and was sensitive to age related changes in longitudinal data. FreeSurfer demonstrated high accuracy (ICC>0.95), good reproducibility (ICC>0.99) and sensitivity whilst FSL FIRST showed good accuracy in young adults and infants (ICC>0.90) and good reproducibility (ICC=0.98), but was unable to segment ventricular volume in patients with Alzheimer's disease or healthy subjects with large ventricles. Using the same computer system, the novel algorithm and FSL FIRST processed a single MRI image in less than 10min while FreeSurfer took approximately 7h. The testing protocol presented enables the accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity of different algorithms to be compared. We also demonstrate that the novel segmentation algorithm and FreeSurfer are both effective in determining lateral ventricular volume and are well suited for multicentre and longitudinal MRI studies.
Welcome to NIF. Explore available research resources: data, tools and materials, from across the web
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What's New
- New Icon- Compatible with iOS 6.0
App Description
The most simple bandwidth calculator.You just input the size of your file, enter the download speed and press calculate.
With new fibre networks being rolled out all over the world, you can use Bandwidth Calculator to figure out the time it will now take to download your favourite movies, or upload videos to YouTube.
You'll also be able to decide what speed plan from your ISP is right for you.
- Some info for those a little more technically minded:
All units used in the app are based on their metric equivalent rather than the binary. e.g. K/k = 1000 rather than the binary 1024
A future update will include the ability to switch between these.
App Changes
April 09, 2013 Price Decrease: $0.99 -> FREE!
March 20, 2013 Price Decrease: $0.99 -> FREE!
March 04, 2013 New version 1.1
February 19, 2013 Initial Release


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MIT's short course is on, once again. This time we have pictures of the amazing "Nanor" reactor that people at the course could sign up to get:
Ok so I directly linked it from e-catworld.com. Just to give some perspective, the wire is 10 gauge.
The idea that this little itty bitty thing is the LENR reactor is really rather, well, wow! It would appear that getting an electricity source small enough to replace a laptop battery may not be that far away. We may very well see LENR drive cellphones before we see LENR drive cars. Wouldn't that be trippy.
Oh, sceptics, please ignore that the source here is that silly technical institute: MIT. Just sayin'.
If I find a way to "sign up" to get one, I'll let y-all know.
<— To main blog


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Prayer Circles
Read Prayers. |
dariamcb 8/28/2001 19:49 |
God I pray for Liz O that you would help her to cast her cares upon your shoulders and allow you to lead her life. Show her the way toward peace God, in trusting you and your wisdom to resolve any challenges life may present. God I trust you to make a way where there appears no way. I thank you for your grace which sustains us and gives us our breath each day. Amen. |
rmwilliams 10/6/2001 15:47 |
Dear Kind Heavenly Father, I pray a special prayer for Liz today that You will help her to grow stronger in You. That You will help her with her depression and bound satan up from putting sucidial thoughts in her mind. I know what she is going thru because I have battled these problems myself. But, You were there to help me thru them. Please let Liz know that You are there for her also. Let her know that You are the light at the end of the dark tunnel that she is in right now. And that You will guide her out. I pray she will learn to depend on You for everything and to read Your word so that when satan does try to attack her mind she a defend herself with the Word of God. Give her the strength that she needs to get thru this depression. I also pray for her family that they will be able to help her get thru this also. All these things I ask in Jesus name. Amen. |
clr143jat0201 4/29/2002 23:13 |
Dear God, I ask that you have helped Liz and that you are continuing to watch over her each and every day. Please open up her heart to you and let her feel your warmth and love. Please do not let her take her life, for she needs to be with her family. Please help her seek out help for her depression and please give her the strength to go on. Please bless Liz and her family each and every day. Amen. |
mermaid14 9/8/2005 08:03 |
Dear Lord |
Has problems James J 02/12/2008
My Uncle Dennis Worthington 02/12/2008
My marriage Kat Mounce 02/12/2008
A good friends mother, who has cancer everyone who needs prayer universal 02/12/2008
Pray for Michelle and Carlos N. 07/08/2008
"This prayer is to help us sell our home."
Pray for Donald H. 07/07/2008
"The love of my life has cancer."
Pray for Amanda B. 07/06/2008
"Please pray for my daughter and her unborn child."
Pray for Janice A. 07/05/2008
"One of my most favorite people in the whole world needs your prayers today. Please spread this and include Janice in your daily prayer."
Sign up to receive a daily feed of the prayer circles that need your prayers the most, delivered directly to your Beliefnet community profile. Sign up now! Not a member yet? Register here.


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Synths Samplers |
Metatron, designed specifically for the KVR Developer Challenge 2009, is a 2 oscillator analogue synthesizer with an arpeggiator that works alongside a gated modulation sequencer for creating unique rythmic patterns and sounds. The oscillator section uses waveforms that double up to create a phasing effect similar to pulse width, but for each waveform. This along with a powefull unison detune section and ring modulator give Metatron a rich, fat sound. With the addition of versatile graphical envelopes, LFO's and other modulation options, Metatron becomes an instrument that can create complex sounds, but at the same time keeps it simple without trying to do everything, making it a perfect 'go to' synth for one-finger basslines, rhythmic techno leads, spacey gated pads and other creative arpeggiated sequences.
Features: Download: |


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The central bank has also said that no additional charges can be levied on payment through debit cards.
With the festival season fast approaching and banks and merchant establishments falling head over heals to woo clients, the Reserve Bank of India dealt a severe blow to them on Wednesday.
The Central Bank has instructed banks to stop offering zero interest EMI (equated monthly instalment) schemes for the purchase of consumer goods in a move to discourage them from offering such schemes or products.
It has instead told banks to offer uniform interest rates and processing fee on EMI-based credit card schemes for retail products.
"The interest rate charged is camouflaged. It is passed on to the customer as processing fee by banks offering zero per cent EMI schemes on credit card outstanding for purchasing retail products," the RBI said.
The very concept of zero per cent interest "is non-existent," it said.
"Fair practice demands that the processing charge and RoI (rate of interest) charged be kept uniform, product and segment-wise, irrespective of the sourcing channel," it added.
Such schemes only served the purpose of "alluring and exploiting vulnerable customers," the RBI pointed out. The only factor that could justify differential RoI for the same product, with tenor being the same, was the risk rating of the customer, it said.
This, the RBI felt, might not be applicable in the case of retail products where the RoI was kept flat, and was indifferent to the customer risk profile.
The RBI also asked banks to terminate their relationships with merchant establishments which levied a fee on customers who make payments for goods and services through debit cards.
Keywords: Zero per cent interest, EMI schemes, RBI notification, RBI financial regulation, RBI consumer protection


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The Jack W. Nevitt Family of Peoria, IlUpdated April 14, 2006 |
Edit Your Page |
We are currently researching the heritage of this family beginning with Jack and Marlene and tracing back through their families. If you have any ancestry information related to Jack Nevitt and Marlene Watts, please contact the email address listed. We hope our research will also be of help to you in finding your relatives. |
My Family History |
The content shown on this page has been submitted by a Genealogy.com customer, and is not subject to verification by Genealogy.com. Neither Genealogy.com nor its affiliates are responsible for the accuracy of any information contained on this page. The opinions expressed on this page are the author's alone and not the opinions of Genealogy.com.
© 2009 Ancestry.com |


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Food Security in Africa Conference Video Available
Video from the Feb. 28 public symposium, "Food Security in Africa: The Case for South Sudan," featuring a keynote address by the ambassador from the Republic of South Sudan, is now available below.
This cross-disciplinary conference sponsored by the Duke Africa Initiative explored how the issue of food security in South Sudan stands at the intersection between the sciences and the humanities within the Duke community, and between culture, economics, and agriculture in the world at large. (See "Conference Highlights Duke's Connections and Contributions to Food Security in South Sudan" on Duke Today and "Duke Grows Food Security in South Sudan" on WUNC for more information.)
Dr. Akec Khoc, ambassador of the Republic of South Sudan, gave the keynote address.
Other speakers included:
- Charles Piot, professor of cultural anthropology, African and African American studies, and women's studies at Duke
- Mary Eubanks, adjunct professor of biology at Duke
- Nyuol Tong, Trinity '14, a former refugee from South Sudan and founder of the nonprofit organization Sudan Education for Liberty Foundation (SELF)
- Ellen Davis, Amos Ragan Kearns Distinguished Professor of Bible and Practical Theology, at the Divinity School.
Norman Wirzba, research professor of theology, ecology, and rural life at the Divinity School, moderated the conference.
The Duke University Office of Global Strategy and Programs, the Hanscom Endowment, and the Divinity School co-sponsored the event.
Food Security in Africa Conference, Part 1


text:
Applying for Admission: Graduate Students
Nutrition & Dietetics Internship/Distance Education Dietetic Internship Applicants:
Submit application through Dietetic Internship Centralized Application Services (DICAS), and also complete the Dietetic Internship Match through D & D Digital.
Physician Assistant Applicants: Submit application through the Central Application Service for Physician Assistants (CASPA).
Speech Language Pathology Applicants: Currently applications are not being accepted for the Fall 2015 cohort. All seats have been filled, however please check here or contact the Office of University Admissions for updates.
Complete the Application
Please create an account BEFORE beginning the online application process. Once you have created an account, sign in and complete the online application.
The $35 application fee is waived when the application is submitted online. Please provide your former/maiden name if you have one.
Submit OFFICIAL, SEALED transcripts of all your academic work. When requesting transcripts, please ask the sending institution to indicate your current name and former/maiden name.
Recommendation Letters
Send two letters of reference from persons familiar with your educational background. Please note that three letters of recommendation are required for students applying to the Architecture, Interior Architecture, Psychology (General Theoretical), and Ed.S. in School Psychology programs.
Download and print two blank copies of the reference form or obtain printed forms from us. Letters should be sent to Marywood University's Office of Graduate Admissions with an official signature across the sealed flap of the envelope. Reference forms can also be submitted electronically via the online application.
If you have not attended college for three or more years, please contact the Office of Graduate Admissions for guidance.
All documents submitted in connection with the application become the property of the University.


text:
Journal Menu
- About this Journal ·
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BioMed Research International
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 604598, 6 pages
Research Article
Genetic Dissection of New Genotypes of Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Marker
1Food Crops Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Received 18 January 2013; Revised 12 March 2013; Accepted 27 March 2013
Academic Editor: Kok Tat Tan
Copyright © 2013 Shamsuddeen Rufai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- B. Mendieta-Araica, E. Spörndly, N. Reyes-Sánchez, F. Salmerón-Miranda, and M. Halling, "Biomass production and chemical composition of Moringa oleifera under different planting densities and levels of nitrogen fertilization," Agroforestry Systems, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 81–92, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- A. Pandey, K. Pradheep, R. Gupta, E. Roshini Nayar, and D. C. Bhandari, "'Drumstick tree' (Moringa oleifera Lam.): a multipurpose potential species in India," Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 453–460, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- H. J. von Maydell, Trees and Shrubs of the Sahel: Their Characteristics and Uses, Verlag Josef Margraf, 1990.
- M. R. Berger, M. Habs, S. A. A. Jahn, and D. Schmahl, "Toxicological assessment of seeds from Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala, two highly efficient primary coagulants for domestic water treatment of tropical raw waters," East African Medical Journal, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 712–716, 1984. View at Scopus
- C. Ramachandran, K. V. Peter, and P. Gopalakrishnan, "(Moringa oleifera): economic," Botany, vol. 34, pp. 276–283, 1980.
- M. G. Mgendi, M. K. Manoko, and A. M. Nyomora, "Genetic diversity between cultivated and non-cultivated Moringa oleifera Lam. provenances assessed by RAPD markers," Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 95–102, 2010. View at Scopus
- National Research Council, Lost Crops of Africa, vol. 1, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2006.
- G. S. Madrona, G. B. Serpelloni, A. M. S. Vieira, L. Nishi, K. C. Cardoso, and R. Bergamasco, "Study of the effect of saline solution on the extraction of the Moringa oleifera seed's active component for water treatment," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol. 211, no. 1–4, pp. 409–415, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Y. Abubakar, R. Wusirika, S. MuA'zu, A. U. Khan, and A. K. Adamu, "Detection of genetic variability using random amplified polymorphic DNA marker in some accession of Moringa oleifera Lam from Northern Nigeria," International Journal of Botany, vol. 7, pp. 237–242, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
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- M. Y. Rafii, M. Shabanimofrad, M. W. Puteri Edaroyati, and M. A. Latif, "Analysis of the genetic diversity of physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. accessions using RAPD markers," Molecular Biology Reports, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 6505–6511, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
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Warriors GM Bob Myers Media Briefing
View excerpts from Warriors general manager Bob Myers addressing the departure of former head coach Mark Jackson.


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If I don't use this product and try others I get horrible deal ancestors cysts along my jaw. Love this
This is just alright. It is your basic salicylate/benzoyl peroxide type formula. Nothing great at all and a bit overpriced for what it is. U bought whole kit from Costco when it was a tad cheaper than proactive (same thing basically)
I tried this scrub because I am in my 30's and was experiencing a major breakout worse than in my teens due to hormones or a reaction to another product. I would get clusters of pimples in one area and more would sprout up the next day. I don't like to use acne targeted brands for younger people, because I also have dry skin with fine lines. But I saw that the Acne Free gentle scrub had jojoba and oatmeal, so I was willing to try. I'm glad I did. It helped clear the breakout and I did not have a dry tight feeling to my face when I used this, but it felt soft and smooth after. It uses salycilic acid, not benzoyl peroxide, so not as drying for me. I highly recommend trying this if you're having a breakout. It may be called mild and the scrubbing beads are gentle but it works on acne and leaves your skin soft.
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I'm a total scrub junkie. Always have been, always will be. Partially this is because a using a gentle hydroxy acid is a great way to prep your skin for retinoids (OTC ones anyway), but mostly it's just because I like them. So I was intrigued by this scrub because it claimed to be gentle and I really didn't need anything that was going to rip my face off. The problem is, it's too gentle. Like so gentle it's not exfoliating. At all. It's very liquid-y and the scrubby particles, even if you use a lot, just aren't dense enough to be effective. Total waste of $8.
2 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


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Browse by Academic Unit (A-Z)
Group by: Creators Name | Item Type Jump to: B Number of items at this level: 1. BBaldwin, J.S., Allen, P.M. and Ridgway, K. (2010) An evolutionary complex systems decision-support tool for the management of operations. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30 (7-8). pp. 700-720. ISSN 0144-3577 |


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Um, Where Is It?
That's what we said when we first laid eyes on our house. Because it was more than just a little lacking in the curb appeal department. In fact, the front yard looked like this:
But we looked beyond the jungle and screamed "we'll take it!"
All of our afters wouldn't be half as dramatic if it weren't for the horrifying befores. Which is why we've added tons of photos to our gallery page. So check out all the ridiculously dated before shots along with the much improved afters (and lots of never before seen "in-progres" shots). We've come a long way baby.
Sunday in the Park
When this Sunday lived up to its name (and brought us beautiful weather in the mid 60s) we contemplated several parks that we could visit to take little Burger for a long walk. In the end, our love for Richmond's old neighborhoods won out and we ended up hitting up Park Ave instead.
Richmond's Park Avenue slices right through The Fan, one of the coolest and most historic parts of the city (and former home to our cousin Erin). There's no shortage of homes to admire, so we're glad we remembered the camera.
Here's a sense of what the colorful streetscapes look like:
Did you see Burger and me in action in that last shot?
Sherry was especially enamored with a lot of door designs that we spotted. She's planning to repaint our yellow door sometime soon and is "in the mood for red" at the moment. Here are a couple of entryways that were especially inspiring to her (there were also a lot with elaborate glasswork and cool house numbers- but we were doing our best not to get arrested while taking photos on people's porches):
And if you're interested in making Park Ave your home, we saw plenty of "For Sale" signs and even got a chance to pop into an Open House – a gorgeous home with 2000+ sq. ft, 10′ ceilings and lots of historic details for $399. It was definitely a nice place, but there's no way we're leaving our home sweet home anytime soon.


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Want Country Club living in a gated community and be only 5 minutes
to the beach? Want championship golf along a nature preserve? Then
welcome to Highland Wood Country Club. This club features a Private
18-hole (par 72) championship golf course designed and built by noted
architect Gordon Lewis. Walk to restaurants and stores or enjoy fine
dining in our clubhouse. Our community features 7 swimming pools,
tennis courts, jazazzi, and a state of the art fitness facility with
scheduled activities. North of Naples and 18 minutes from the
airport, you are in the center of it all. This spacious first floor
unit, features 9 - foot ceilings and 1200 square feet of tastefully
decorated space located in the Private Upscale Gated Community of
Highland Woods. Enjoy gorgeous sunsites as you sit in your private
lanai with panormic views of the fairway. The master bedroom is
furnished with a king sized bed with a private bathroom, and large
walk in closet. The guest bedroom comes with 2 twin sized beds with a
large closet, and features an adjacent private full bathroom. All
rooms feature cable TV and VCR capabilities. Enjoy the mornings as
you sit in your spacious breakfast nook adjacent to the fully
equipped kitchen. Entertaining will be made easy as your guests
meander amoungst the large living area. Take a walk to the on-site
country club for fine dining at the 300-seat restaurant, along with a
golf-view bar and grill room. If you choose to dine outside of the
complex, Bonita Springs offers 5 star dining at many fine restaurants
such as 'Roy's" and "Carrabba's". While outside the complex enjoy the
exclusive shops of the Bonita Bay and Promenade shopping areas.
Between June 1 and October 31 transfer membership offers reciprocal
golf at 53 area golf courses. Tee times are arranged by the Highland
Woods golf shop. The white sandy beaches of the Gulf of Mexico are
within 5 miles, and Bonita Beach Road is 1.5 miles away. Barefoot
Beach State Park is recommended, and there is ample free public beach
access in Bonita Beach. Sanibel Island is also a short drive for
shelling and fishing. This home has it all and is located in
the "heart" of Bonita Springs. Flexible rental periods may be
Golf/Tennis/Walking Trails/Swimming/Rotary Club/Water Aerobics.
Fishing, Shelling,Snorkeling, various water sports,RaceTrack and
Baseball Park are minutes away.


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SmartWay equipment rebate program extended
The program is open to independent owners and fleets operating heavy-duty trucks based or working in New England states.
APU rebates, Leslie train horns for East Tennessee's Sams Trucking
Check out my story in the September Overdrive magazine on various financial incentives -- rebates, grants, various low-interest loan programs -- state governments are making available to owner-operators and carriers to encourage the purchase of ...
APU financial incentives
Don't endure another winter without idle-reduction equipment when there's money to help you.
IdleAire resumes services
IdleAire is providing electrification at four truck stops, and expects to reopen three more this week and restart an additional 12 sites.
Truck electrification services are spreading, FMCSA seeks better reporting of convictions, Arrow foresees used truck shortage, the hours rule proposal is advanced and more industry issues are featured.
Seattle program scraps 200 drayage trucks
ScRAPS started last November with the goal of taking at least 250 drayage trucks with pre-1994 engines off the road.
Truck electricity services expand
Several companies are providing truck electrification services in a market boosted by recent government grants, new or stricter idling laws and trucker demand.
The cross-border trucking program with Mexico, a driver screening Web site, the Illiana Expressway, IdleAire and truck-only toll lanes in Florida are among the issues featured.
Editor's Picks
Stay Connected
Sign up to get Overdrive's daily newsletter.


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Finding a resonant name for an organisation or product is a powerful marketing tool. It can position you, attract attention, define your target audience and help establish your values and attitude. But only if it's not a lie. (more…)
Archive for May, 2011
What's in a name?
Saturday, May 28th, 2011Want to improve your marketing writing skills?
Tuesday, May 3rd, 2011What makes the difference between a clumsy, confusing piece of writing you stop reading halfway through and one that grabs you? The innate skill of the writer?
A big part of it is down to the techniques the writer is using. And you can learn those techniques.


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Pro: Minimum card purchases help cover swipe fees stores owe
Oct. 14, 2012 at 5:14 a.m.
In today's high-tech, fast-paced world, where convenience oftentimes outweighs all else, it's no wonder more and more people find themselves paying with plastic.
Nothing comes free, however, and that includes card transactions.
Retailers pay swipe fees each time a customer pays with a debit or credit card. And, if those purchases are too small, fees can eat into profits.
While some retailers require minimum card purchases to avoid losses, others worry customers might not react well to limits.
Here, Crossroads residents weigh in on the issue.
A step inside Friday's Fried Chicken in Shiner affords the visitor a chance at a steaming cup of coffee and breakfast pastry, a plate of chicken and mashed potatoes and so on.
While the business gladly accepts credit and debit cards, owner Victor Patek said there is a catch. The purchase must be at least $5.
That minimum requirement ensures the swipe fees the business pays don't cancel out the purchase itself, he explained, noting that some customers want to charge their 97-cent cup of coffee.
"At a big box store or a gas station, people probably aren't going to spend less than $5 or $10," he said. "But it's different for businesses like mine. If you're buying coffee and a donut for $1.59, it doesn't pay off for us."
Scott Strumello, a consultant with Auriemma Consulting Group in New York, said different companies benefit from different minimum-purchase policies.
For businesses like supermarkets or dry cleaners, where customers return regularly, setting such limits might not be the best option. For others, however, those limits could really help.
He suggested those companies that are unsure about what they should do to simply try it out. Set a minimum, see the results and then decide where to go.
Brandie Hussion, a Victoria attorney, avoids minimum payment issues altogether by paying with cash. It's quicker, she said, and allows her to keep a closer eye on her spending habits.
Still, she said she saw nothing wrong with enforcing such a policy for cards.
"From what I understand, the reason they do it is they're being charged," she said. "I think it's fine."
More people might be OK with meeting minimum purchases if they realized why some small businesses require them, said Alfred Mata, who works in Victoria's hotel industry.
Mata's previous employment with a Chicago comedy club that put such limits on card transactions offered him a look at that side of the business.
"Any time they swipe a card, they have to pay an amount," he said. "They're just trying to cover those payments. I really don't think people understand that."
Related stories:
Con: Requiring minimum purchases could alienate customers, click HERE


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Our Experts
John Lau
Head of Investments SEI (Asia), Investment Management Unit
Areas of expertise
- Investment and market related inquiries
- The developing QDII market in China
John Lau is Head of Investments for SEI Asia. He is responsible for manager research and portfolio management of the Asia-Pacific portion of SEI global portfolios. He is a Senior Member of the SEI Global Equity Committee and is involved in SEI global alternative investment strategies. John is also responsible for strategic asset allocation decisions for institutional clients in Asia. In addition, he serves as one of SEIs foreign advisors to a global fund-of-fund under the China QDII program.
Prior to joining SEI, John spent 11 years as Director and Portfolio Manager at Citigroup Asset Management in New York, where he managed global equity strategies, equity market-neutral fund, and structured products.
John is a graduate of the University of Michigan. He holds a masters degree in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Master of Business Administration from Columbia University. John is a CFA charterholder.


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Voice Daily Deals has a deals for the ZooMiami Brew at the Zoo on Saturday, May 3: a four-pack of general admission tickets for 50% off.
The event at ZooMiami on Saturday, May 3, features international and local beers and entertainment by Vanilla Ice and more entertainment.
The regular price is $40 in advance (through May 2) and $50 at the door for general admission tickets and $75 in advance and $80 at the door for VIP tickets.
If you get together with friends, you can get a four-pack of general admission tickets for $80, which is 50% off the regular price of $160. This dea. is good through noon Friday, May 2/
You can find more entertainment deals on our Daily Deals page.


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Kale is one of the great vegetables that is available fresh over the winter. We are always on the lookout for new ways to prepare this great vegetable. This was a very interesting and tasty use for kale. We really enjoyed the meal.
Yield: 4
for the tomato sauce:
I used the coarse cornmeal (polenta) and it was challenging to keep the roulade from breaking. You might consider using 3/4 cup of the coarse cornmeal and 1/4 fine corn flour as in making cornbread. Don't spread the kale filling too thick and make the roulade while the cornmeal is still slightly warm that way, if it breaks you can push it back together gently and it will become more solid as it cools.


text: WARNING: THESE ARE NOT REAL TRADES. Yet. Once everyone sees how amazing they are, it's just a matter of time before you get that bzzzzzz from 550550 telling you that they are real. That's my hope anyway. For at least one of these gems. Disclaimer: I don't know very much about the young players on these other teams. I chose them based on their profile without any first-hand knowledge of their teams' opinions of them or them as people. My goal was to find young players that fit to make trades realistic and interesting. OK. In my perfect world, these five Sabres trades happen in the next six days: 1. Ryan Miller to St. Louis for a 2014 first-round pick, forward Ty Rattie and goalie Jaroslav Halak. The Sabres don't fill a hole in net by this trade, at least not beyond this season, as after the season ends so does Halak's contract. Halak is a placeholder. In his first year of professional hockey, Rattie is leading the AHL's Chicago Wolves in goals (21) and points (36). He was the 32nd pick in the 2011 draft. Rattie is 6-foot-1 and turned 21 earlier this month. I think is trade is balanced. The Blues get a goaltending upgrade for a team primed to take a step toward the Stanley Cup. The Sabres get a nice prospect and a sure-to-be low first-round pick. 2. Matt Moulson, Marcus Foligno and a 2014 2nd-round pick to Los Angeles for Valentin Zykov and a 2014 first-round pick. Moulson, Jonathan Quick's brother-in-law, gives some scoring punch to a team that seems to have lost its own. The inconsistent Foligno offers the Kings some youth and talent to bring up the Sabres' end of the deal. Zykov, the 37th pick in the 2013 draft, has 56 points in 46 games for Baie-Comeau Drakkar of the QMJHL. He will be 19 in May. Zykov, 6 feet tall and 209 pounds, was last year's QMJHL Rookie of the Year. I think the draft pick shift makes this trade balanced, although if I'd probably do a trade like this without that part. ** LA may have to find cap room to make this trade, and I'm saying here that they do that through other moves. 3. Steve Ott and Brayden McNabb to Tampa Bay for Brett Connolly. Tampa is good, despite having been without Steven Stamkos most of the year. I see Ott as a good fit for them. Whether or not they like McNabb is a guess on my part. I would think McNabb, 23, has a skill set interesting to some teams. If I'm the Sabres I have enough depth on defense to move one or two men. Connolly was the sixth overall pick in the 2010 draft. He has 32 points in 42 games for Syracuse of the AHL, a slightly slower scoring pace than he set last year for that team (63 points, 71 games). If Tampa Bay is ready to make a run, perhaps they would have to sacrifice Connolly. Like LA, Tampa has limited cap space. Fans will be watching them to see if Martin St. Louis gets moved in light of recent reports. 4. Tyler Myers to Winnipeg for Evander Kane. Should I have led with this one? I think Myers is completely expendable. You see flashes of his talent but just enough to tease you. The future of the Sabres on defense, if it were up to me, does not include him. Ristolainen, Zadorov, Pysyk ... you won't see those names in my trades. That's my defense. If I have a good team someday, at the deadline I'll supplement with a bearded veteran or two. I frankly don't care if Myers, whose dedication has been suspect in his still-young career, is on my team any more or not. Kane, meanwhile, is an exciting idea. He's locked in at $5.25M for the next four years. Kane has but 29 points in 42 games for Winnipeg, a team likely to miss the playoffs again. This trade works if the Jets want to veer in another direction, and, of course, if they like Myers. The Sabres once dealt Phil Housley to the Jets for Dale Hawerchuk so I might be guilty of thinking somehow these teams are meant for something like Myers-Kane. Cap-wise, this move is no problem. Remember, the word fun is in the headline. 5. Tyler Ennis to Philadelphia for Anthony Stolarz and a 2014 3rd-round pick. I'd love it if at the deadline were able to move either Ennis or Cody Hodgson. If it doesn't happen, it can wait a year. But Ennis is up for a new contract and I think all the Sabres should want to do is two years max. That second year would make it easier, potentially, to trade him next season. Stolarz is the goaltender for the OHL's London Knights. He suffered an ugly skate-cut leg injury a month ago but is on the road to recovery. Stolarz, 6-foot-5, was the 2012 draft's 45th pick. I don't love this one. My guess is the Sabres would like to find a top-flight goaltending prospect at the deadline -- Jake Allen of St. Louis, Martin Jones of LA, Malcolm Subban of Boston, like that -- and Stolarz does not appear to be quite that. But they can shoot for that next year too. If LA wants Myers or Christian Ehrhoff and is willing to trade Jones, there might be blockbuster-deal potential there. But again, the Kings have cap issues to consider. Maybe they move Dustin Brown. I think after the Blues, the most interesting team for Sabres fans to keep track of this week is Los Angeles. Now we wait for our phones to start buzzing.


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Como Centrale :: Como
Como Centrale - location, location, location! Ideal for a summer or Christmas break. This lovely apartment is located in the centre of Como Town, which is open all-year round, in one of its most famous squares - Piazza San Fedele. This piazza is believed to have formed the very beginning of Como Town itself as the Romans initially camped here and the town grew up and expanded around the square. Located on the third and upper floor of the building and despite being right in the centre of things, the apartment itself is a peaceful haven where the only sound you will hear are the historic church bells chiming occasionally from across the piazza. The building itself sits behind a discreet wooden door which opens directly off the piazza into a small courtyard and you immediately leave behind the hustle and bustle of the town. Up the stone steps to the third floor and you reach the apartment. Inside there is an immediate feeling of space, peace and tranquility. The door opens into the very spacious open-plan living and dining room with its high ceilings and windows and dark wood parquet flooring. There is an exposed stone column and a high wooden ceiling with several windows overlooking the charming rooftops of Como and aircon for your comfort. The kitchen area has a mixture of cool white units mixed with stainless steel, is modern and well-equipped with a fridge freezer, gas hob and dishwasher - more than adequate for cooking a cosy meal in for two! The king size bedroom has plenty of floor-to-ceiling storage cupboards - more than enough room to fit in all of the shopping that Como has to offer! The bathroom has a tub with over-bath shower, WC, bidet and vanity unit with hand basin - there is also a washing machine for your convenience. The apartment also has a separate WC. This apartment really has the location, space and facilities for a fantastic stay on Lake Como! Como Centrale - sleeping up to two people. Living/dining room with dining table and chairs and air con, well-equipped kitchen with dishwasher, bathroom with WC, bidet and vanity unit with over-bath shower and washing machine, separate WC, one double bedroom with king size bed. Out and about without a car. Being in the the centre of Como you have no need for a car if that is your wish as the apartment is conveniently located just a ten minute walk from San Giovanni train station or five minutes from Como Nord train station. The piazzas and pedestrianised walk ways that make up central Como surround the apartment and there are cafes, bars, restaurants and shops in abundance and open all year round. Just a short walk away is the marina where you can catch a boat to anywhere on the lake and a bus station too. Como Town has many lovely bars, restaurants of all standards and a multitude of shops from designer to high street to local markets and you can sit by the lake and marina and soak up the ambience and sophistication of the lake, or you can walk through the maze of quaint old Italian streets that twist and turn. Close by also is the funicular railway that in a few minutes can take you high above the lake to Brunate for the most breathtaking views. By boat you are less than an hour from Argegno, Lenno, Tremezzo, Bellagio, Varenna, and Menaggio and only 35 minutes from Milan by train. The lake and charm of Como really are on your doorstep with this perfectly located property!
The pricing availability tool below will provide you with accurate pricing and availability so you may book with confidence. You can arrive or depart any day of the week subject to our final approval and you may choose any number of nights, although minimum numbers of nights and minimum tariffs apply dependant on the season. These will be displayed with the price once you have selected your dates on the tool below. Please ensure that you only proceed with 'Send Booking' if you are making a firm booking. Payment terms are stated below the pricing tool below.
*Only add the extra adults or children over and above the number stated on the seasonal price guide above. For example if the price guide states based on two people, and you have 4 adults and one child, just add two extra adults and one child. *Please note that all prices include towels, linen, tourist taxes and final clean unless otherwise stated in the property description.
A deposit of 25% is payable once we have confirmed your booking. This can be paid by Visa, Mastercard or Bank transfer. The balance is then payable one month before arrival, by Visa, Mastercard or Bank transfer.
There will be a small surcharge of 2 euro per debit/credit card transaction. Bank transfers may incur charges by your own bank and occasionally by the receiving bank also so please check beforehand.
A modest charge is made by the owner for heating, it is metered and paid on departure. An average apartment will cost around 50 euro per week for heating. A deposit to cover breakages will be collected/returned by the owner on arrival/departure. The amount will be confirmed in your arrival pack.
You have full access to our concierge service free of charge, both before and during your stay (except for goods and services supplied).
We can also provide extra services including Internet dongles, cots, high chairs, pool towels and also delivery of keys to properties outside of our normal meet and greet service (price dependant on location of property).
To find out more about our services select Concierge Services
Como is the main town of the Lake Como area and has a wealth of shops and restaurants. It is also the home town on quailty silk products where silk is still made today. For more information on the area including weather, local attractions, activities and images please follow this link which will open in a new window: Como Lake Como
Bella Como, 2011


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Turn your iDevice into a moving map for your flight simulator, with FSXSlew! Now, you can easily positio your plane from the map and capture the screenshots to your device. This app is simple to use, yet provides a full host of exciting features. Click "…More" to learn why you should download this App today!
You love your flight simulator. It's fun to pilot your own aircraft thousands of miles, over mountains and oceans. The view is pretty spectacular, too.
FSXSlew connects to the flight simulator directly through our free PC client.
All you need is your installed copy of Flight Simulator X, the free PC download and internet access. That's it. Those things plus FSXFSlew and you can explore the world the fullest.
Look at some of the exciting features you get in FSXSlew:
* Easy-to-use interface
* Universal app – works on iPhone, iPod touch, iPad
* Connects to FSX
* PC Client provided free (see www.fsxfollow.com)
* Map supports drag to pan and pinch to zoom
* Position your plane from the map
* Option to save an incoming screenshot
* Option to publish a screenshot
* Easy setup, no entering of ip address required
* Slew Up, Down, Left Right
* Bank ,Heading, Pitch adjustable for perfect view
* No local network needed
* Free updates and additional features as they become available
* Personalized and friendly customer support via email