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This blog offers commentary on current developments and scholarship in the field of international economic law and policy. It was started in January 2006 by Joel Trachtman and WorldTradeLaw.net, and is managed by WorldTradeLaw.net with contributions by the authors listed to the left. Please contact Simon Lester of WorldTradeLaw.net or Joel Trachtman with any comments or suggestions.
Comment policy
One of our goals with this blog is to stimulate discussion of trade issues, and we welcome comments on the blog posts. However, we will delete comments that are profane, mean spirited, racist, sexist, or otherwise inappropriate.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Economics CPD Courses Coming up this Term!- Book Your Places Now!
WOW! Economics 2015 | Quantitative Methods (New Spec)
Plunging commodity prices reignite discussion of primary product dependency
As world commodity prices plunge, who gains and who loses?
read more...»The risk of a carbon 'bubble'
Don't worry about all the world's fossil fuels running out. The graphic above suggests that we can't run the risk of burning all the fuel that we know we have anyway! But if that's true, then what are all those fossil fuel reserves worth?
According to the Guardian, the concept of a "carbon bubble" has gained rapid recognition since 2013, and is being taken increasingly seriously by some major financial companies. The concern is that if the world's governments meet their agreed target of limiting global warming to 2C by cutting carbon emissions, then about two-thirds of proven coal, oil and gas reserves cannot be burned. With fossil fuel companies being among the largest in the world, sharp losses in their value could prompt a stock market crash and a new economic crisis.
read more...»Black Gold Challenge
If you have a short break coming up - and you're new to economics - now would be a great time to collect together some resources about the extraordinary recent shift in the oil market.
read more...»Paths to development - Adding value to natural resources
This is an absolutely outstanding article to use when introducing development economics to a level students. The work of Hausmann and Hidalgo on complexity and economic development is becoming more widely recognised and used in schools. Hausmann's article here in Project Syndicate emphasises the importance of building capabilities within an economy to promote the growth of higher value added industries. Here is the link to the article: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/ricar...
Development Economics: Mozambique eyes commodities boom
Mozambique has discovered large amounts of natural gas - can the extraction of this act as a catalyst for economic growth and development or will Mozambique be added to the long list of countries who have experienced a natural resource curse?
Manuel Chang, Mozambique's minister of finance, says economic growth is only part of the story of a country's development. He tells Javier Blas of the Financial Times how his nation plans to make the most of its vast natural resources.
Manufacturing output in the African continent accounts for less than 2% of global manufacturing production.
read more...»Obama allies lead the way on a positive approach to climate change
The fracking debate continues apace, with the announcement by the British Geological Survey that there are over 4 billion barrels of oil in the shale rocks of the South of England. The government has proposed new rules of access to land in order to speed up the exploitation of this oil, with payments of £20,000 being made to those living above the land where fracking takes place.
read more...»UK carbon taxes in a mess
Climate change is back in the news, and continues to stir up heat, but not much light. It's proving fantastically difficult to come up with consistent and efficient policies to reduce CO2 emissions.
read more...»Unit 3 Micro: Energy firms face competition inquiry
The big six energy firms in the UK - who account for more than ninety per cent of suppliers to UK household, commercial and industrial consumers - will be subject to another investigation by the competition authorities.
A report by regulator Ofgem has called for an investigation by the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) which could take nearly two years to complete - effectively pushing the issue into the long grass well beyond the date of the next election.
read more...»Saudi Arabia - the 'dominant producer' in the world's oil market
Saudi Arabia's position as one of the largest players in the global oil market, producing more than a tenth of the world's output and owning a quarter of the world's proven reserves, has negative effects on other market participants. Writing in the Economic Journal, Anton Nakov and Galo Nuño document two features that have made the Kingdom different from other oil producers:
read more...»Grangemouth highlights the competitive problems of the Rest of the UK
The recovery in the British economy is now firmly established. Output in the services sector, the largest part of the economy, is above the previous peak level prior to the crash in 2008. There is a widespread myth that the recovery is fuelled by debt-financed personal spending. Yet since the trough of the recession in 2009 the economy as a whole has grown faster than spending by consumers.
read more...»Paul Ormerod: Energy and Emissions: Taxation or Technology?
Energy prices are in the news. The recent actions of some of the energy companies can plausibly be described as provocative, no matter how well founded their decisions might be. They run the risk of provoking the ire of both the Opposition and the Government.
One interesting aspect of the debate is that it has become even clearer that decisions taken by Ed Miliband himself in the Brown government are partly to blame for our high energy bills. The plethora of green taxes and subsidies has become very expensive for consumers.
But how effective have such policies been? Not very much, seems to be the answer.
read more...»Unit 3 Micro: Price Leadership in the Gas Oligopoly
The market for retail gas supplies is mired in controversy and threats of direct government intervention to freeze prices should a new Labour government be elected in 2015. This week we have seen a classic example of the type of price leadership we expect to see in an oligopoly.
read more...»
Unit 4 Macro: Minerals and Development - Overcoming Resource Curses
On the World Bank twitter account, President Jim Kim is quoted as saying that "Properly managed, new minerals wealth could transform Africa's development." Back in June 2013, a new report from the African Progress Panel looked at this important issue and set out an agenda for maximising Africa's natural resource wealth and using it to improve well-being.
My own students have been researching the economics of natural resources and whether they can be a blessing and/or a curse to countries seeking sustained growth and development. I just wanted to share one or two of these essays with you because I was delighted with the depth of the independent research on show and the quality of evaluation in their arguments.
read more...»Natural Resource Curse - Updated Presentation
Here is an updated revision presentation on aspects of the natural resource trap or natural resource curse issue facing low (and also high) income countries
read more...»The future is shale!
The UK Energy and Climate Change Committee has stated that shale gas will not be a "game changer" in the future of UK energy, but they are wrong; it will be. The recent British Geological Survey report pointed to 1,300 trillion cubic feet of reserves, twice previous estimates. A recent study by the Institute of Directors found that the shale gas industry could generate 74,000 jobs and could supply up to half the country's gas needs by 2030. Furthermore it could also trigger an investment boom worth £3.7 billion a year. Given the location of most of the reserves, it could also be hugely beneficial in reducing the north-south economic divide.
read more...»Woodhorn - Celebrating Coal Community and Creativity
On the morning that news of the death of Margaret Thatcher came through on the news wires, I was visiting Woodhorn Colliery Museum near Ashington in Northumberland. It was an eagerly anticipated journey having seen the Pitmen Painters (now on a national tour) a few weeks earlier.
The play celebrates the work of the Ashington Group of painters who began studying art as part of an Workers' Educational Association course in the mid 1930s and eventually found themselves on a life-changing pathway as they drew inspiration from their life and work in the pit communities of the North East.
If you are in the North East please pay a visit to the Woodhorn Colliery Museum. First of all, it is free save for the £3 car parking charge. Second there is a stimulating, evocative and often moving exhibition on the rise and eventual fall of the coal mining industry in the UK. Just a few weeks back Maltby Colliery one of the last deep mines in England, was closed as owners Hargreaves Services said it was no longer viable. And the Daw Mill colliery in north Warwickshire recently shut down with 650 jobs being cut, after a big fire at the facility which made future use of the mine impossible. Despite a plethora of open cast mines, there are now only two deep mines left in the UK at Kellingley Colliery in Yorkshire and Thoresbury Colliery, Nottinghamshire both run by UK Coal.
read more...»Economics at the Movies - Promised Land
Here is another film to add to our collection of films with an economic dimension. Promised Land from Oscar-nominated director Gus Van Sant stars Matt Damon and is an anti-corporate thriller that centers on the controversial natural gas process of fracking.
read more...»Unit 4 Macro: Growth and Development in Angola
A brief overview of economic developments in Angola, one of the fastest growing countries in the world - contains updated links to study resources on Angola.
Evaluating UK economic performance
Robert Peston has an interesting piece on his BBC blog, considering what the UK's GDP growth would look like if it was possible to extract what he calls the 'bad bits' - financial services and North Sea oil and gas extraction - both of which are in serious decline. He suggests that we have been too dependent on these two sectors, and that both are now in serious decline. In particular, that the global financial services industry is now protecting itself by becoming much more national and less internationally interconnected, so that the City - as the world's most open and global financial centre - has therefore suffered.
Slow return to a British export led recovery?
Aggregate Demand may be stimulated by an increase in exports. Ha-Joon Chang, Author of the best seller, 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism considers reasons in a short article for The Guardian why this hasn't happened after Sterling had fallen against other major trading economies. " Compared with ...2007, the pound has been devalued about 30% against the dollar, 50% against the yen, and 20% against the struggling euro. Yet despite the huge incentive to export created by such devaluation, Britain is still running trade deficits because it has lost the productive capacity to respond."
It may help students consider plausible policies to reduce its trade deficit, a macroeconomic goal overlooked in arguments over fiscal and monetary policies to control inflation or output. Finally it may aid evaluation, how different are the most pressing short and long term macroeconomic challengers facing UK governments.
Link to most trade figures.
Unit 4 Macro: Land Grabs and Development
Land Grabs have become an important and controversial issue in development economics in recent years.
read more...»Unit 4 Macro: Brazil - economic slowdown continues
Brazil's growth rate is slowing down, their currency is depreciating (good for exports) but investment remains low and the country is not achieving the minimum growth needed for another step change in extreme poverty levels. There is good background here in this news article from the BBC for students who like to keep up to date with what is happening in the BRIC economies.
This article from the Telegraph adds context to the Brazilian slowdown story. The economy is suffering from structural competitiveness problems - accentuated in recent times by their very strong exchange rate. This article from Forbes also looks at the causes of the growth slowdown in Brazil. High labour costs, weak productivity growth and protectionist tendencies are cited as some of the factors behind a possible slow-growth trap. Will Brazil suffer from the middle-income trap in years ahead or can the government engineer another step change in their growth prospects?
Guardian: Lessons from the Brics, part I: can Brazil and China keep growing?
Brazil held back by education trap (BBC, Sept 2012)
read more...»
Unit 4 Macro: The Rise of Resource Nationalism
In many countries, resource nationalism has become more frequent in recent years, indeed it has been one of the key stories in 2012 as several countries have introduced new resource taxes, natural resource licence reviews and expropriation of assets from private sector companies. This Financial Times news video looks at the trends including resource nationalism within countries as provinces and regions look to exert great control on the revenues from oil, gas and mining projects.
See also: Economist: Foreigners beware - oil and mining in Indonesia
Resource insecurity: New report from Chatham House
Interactive resource: New political economy of natural resources
read more...»Unit 4 Macro: Changing Patterns of Exports
Here is a selection of visualisations from the MIT Media Lab Observatory of Economic Complexity - these cover changes in export patterns for a small cluster of developing and developed countries. What are the most notable and perhaps significant changes that students can identify?
read more...»Unit 4 Macro: Primary Export Dependence
Many lower-income developing nations still relying on specializing in and exporting low value added primary commodities. The prices of these goods can be volatile on world markets. When prices fall, an economy will see a sharp reduction in export incomes, an adverse movement in their terms of trade, risks of a higher trade deficit and a danger that a nation will not be able to finance investment in education, healthcare and core infrastructure.
read more...»
Unit 3 Micro: OFT Investigates the UK Retail Fuel Market
The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) has announced that it is launching an investigation into prices at the pumps amidst fears that the retail market for petrol and diesel is not operating properly and causing damage to the welfare of fuel buyers including millions of motorists and businesses.
For a long time motorists have complained that the prices they pay are quick to rise when the world price of crude increases, but the cost of filling up the tank falls much less quickly when crude oil is available on international markets at lower prices. This BBC news video report provides some background.
Our chart below tracks the weekly average price of petrol and diesel against a benchmark international price for crude oil - is there any evidence here for the wrath of customers?
Unit 4 Macro: Kenya invests in geothermal energy
Here is an example of a fast-growing developing country in Africa making important investment to help meet ambitious targets for supplying energy from renewable sources. Katrina Manson films and reports for the Financial Times from the Great Rift Valley on Kenya's latest plans to exploit geothermal energy to produce electricity.
The fixed costs of finding geo-thermal sources, build the turbines and then connect to Keyna's energy grid are huge. But a move towards smaller geo-thermal energy plants provide a more cost efficient approach. Successful investment will help to reduce energy imports, provide a viable alternative to uncertain hydro-electric power, create new jobs and contribute to Kenya's search for sustainable growth.
read more...»Unit 4 Macro: Erratic Energy Supplies Threatens Indian Growth
This news video report from the Wall Street Journal is superb in highlighting the economic consequences of the chronic shortages of energy and fuel in the fast-growing Indian economy. The focus is on a newly opened coal-fired power station (note the investment in it from Hong Kong and China) which has already had to close dow production twice because it has run out of coal supplies.
read more...»Unit 4 Macro: Dambisa Moyo - Winner Take All
Dambisa Moyo was on great form when she spoke to the Economics Teacher National Conference in London last week. Her new book Winner Take All investigates the causes and consquences of rising global demand for commodities. In particular Dambisa Moyo predicts increasing geo-political tensions and conflicts as countries scramble to secure ownership and supplies of land, water, energy and minerals. In this blog I have linked to some of Dambisa's recent media appearances as Winner Take All was launched in the USA and here in the UK.
read more...»Unit 4 Macro: Russian Government and Falling Oil Prices
Russia is one of the world's biggest producers of crude oil and gas and the price that these energy supplies fetch on world markets have a disproportionate effect on Russian GDP growth, their balance and payments and the Russian government fiscal position. In the summer of 2012 oil prices in particular have been falling quite sharply - a concern for the Russian Finance Ministry
read more...»Unit 2 Macro: High oil prices and consumer demand
World crude oil prices are falling back from their recent highs and this will bring blessed relief to hard-pressed consumers and many businesses in the UK. High oil and gas prices effectively act like a tax on consumption because they increase the prices of many goods and services for which demand is price inelastic. Yea we can try to switch to more energy-efficient products over time - and many people are doing this albeit at a short term cost - but essentially when petrol and home energy costs rise, it causes a direct hit on the real purchasing power of millions of households, many of whom have barely seen any rise in their wages over the last couple of years.
Sir Terry Leahy, formerly CEO of Tesco makes this point in this interview on Channel 4 news
read more...»Investment in Energy Infrastructure
Many people take as given a pressing need to increase capital investment in the infrastructure of our energy sectors - but how strong are the economic and social impacts of such investment? The LSE Growth Commission met this week to discuss this and I have brought together some of the arguments drawing on a number of various twitter feeds
read more...»Tullow Oil and African Development
Yesterday I spent a fascinating evening in the company of Aidan Heavey, Founder and CEO of Tullow Oil plc, Africa's leading independent oil exploration business and the top performer among FTSE-100 listed businesses on the UK stock exchange. It has approximately 100 production and exploration licenses in 22 countries.
read more...»Unit 1 Micro: Breaking Down the Cost of Gas
High gas prices impact on millions of households whose energy bills have soared in recent years and have led to a steep increase in fuel poverty among lower-income families. Studying the market for gas is interesting from a micro-economic perspective and a recent article in the Times (covered by a paywall) provided an overview of the breakdown of the cost structure of a typical energy bill from suppliers such as British Gas
read more...»Unit 2 Macro: Might Oil Prices Bring another Recession?
The international price of crude oil has been rising strongly in recent weeks and threatens to be an external factor driving an already weak Euro Zone and UK economy back into recession.
read more...»Unit 2 Macro: The Dash for Gas in Mozambique
In the last twelve months two huge discoveries of natural gas have been made in the East African country of Mozambique. The latest - a deepwater discovery - is said to hold over 210 billion cubic metres of natural gas and investment in exploiting the field could be the major cataylst for a rapid phase of growth and development for one of the world's poorest countries. The country has large untapped oil, coal and titanium reserves in addition to the gas. According to the UK Trade and Investment body, within 15 years Mozambique could be Africa's second largest coal producer (after South Africa) and one of the largest coal exporters in the world.
Can it benefit in a sustainable way from exporting these resources or will they prove to be a curse on development?
For many years Mozambique has been afflicted by a brutal civil war which ended in 1992 and then a series of natural disasters including floods in 2001 and 2001 which destroyed much of its infrastructure.Floods were replaced by a calamitous drought in 2002 but more recently the economy has achieved strong growth and progress in lifting people out of absolute poverty. That said, 50% of Mozambicans living on less than $1 a day, foreign aid accounts for nearly half of government spending and there remain severe doubts about whether the dividends of an export-boom in natural resources will feed through the the majority of the population.
The Mozambique government has a 10% stake in the newly-discovered gas fields, it sold a licence to the Italian company Eni to explore for new gas reserves and Eni has committed to building a multibillion-dollar liquefied natural gas terminal in the country as a distribution platform to export mainly to fast-growing Asian economies.
Other transnational companies are investing in Mozambique. Vale, a Brazilian multinational is spending over $3 billion to rebuild and extend the 425 mile Nacala railway and connect it to a deep water port so that Mozambiquan coal can be exported.
Putting the infrastructure in place will take several years and gas production on a huge scale may not start before 2016. Although new industries brings risks as well as opportunities, the potential for a step change in development in the country is enormous.
read more...»Externalities Cartoon
KAL, The Economist's cartoonist, has produced an excellent cartoon in the latest issue perfect for a discussion of a very topical externalities issue in North America. And one that has also been 'causing tremors' in the news over here too!
read more...»Unit 4 Macro: Russia Joins the WTO
I am using Russia's entry to the World Trade Organisation in my teaching on international trade and development this term. It appear to be a significant moment for the global economy. Russia is the last member of the Group of 20 major economies to join, after China gained membership in 2001. Progress towards membership has been delayed by numerous geo-political issues not least the disputes with neighbouring Georgia.
Joining the WTO involves making a commitment to the rules of the international trade system - for Russia as with other new members, this will mean reduced import tariffs, the staged elimination of industrial domestic and export subsidies, and better greater access to foreign companies. Russia will also have to improve adherence to international accounting standards.
read more...»AS Micro: What´s really behind the oil price rise?
The price of oil continues to rise ($114.61 per barrel) and there a number of reasons put forward why this is so, none perhaps more pertinent than the reason explained in this WSJ article.
read more...»Externalities of Oil Pollution
The Boston Globe's Big Picture has just published a set of remarkable photos. Collectively they are a stunning set of images that reminds one of the economic and social costs of the disaster and the nature of externalities - and colleagues may want to return to this resource to stimulate discussion and support visual learners. Here is the link.
AS Micro: The volatile price of crude oil
Few commodity prices are watched as closely as the international price of crude oil. Brent crude is currently trading at over $122 a barrel - the highest price for over two years. Our Timetric chart is constantly updated and will always show the latest price. We have included below links to many of our recent blogs on the economics of oil prices and some of their micro and macro economic effects.
read more...»OPEC oil revenues set to surge above $1 trillion in 2011
A combination of higher prices and higher oil production means that Opec's oil revenues may exceed $1 trillion in 2011 for the first time. The International Energy Agency has published some new data on Opec production - the revenue forecast includes exports of natural gas liquids and is not adjusted for the effects of inflation. But if you are a Finance Minister of an oil exporting country the price of crude trading at $115 is welcome news especially given the stimulus spending that some countries have introduced as a response to social and political unrest. On some estimates, Saudi Arabia (the world's largest oil producer and exporter) needs oil to be priced at $83 for its national budget to balance.
read more...»Accessible UK Budget resource
It's not always easy to navigate your way through the budget, with its mass of technical detail and complexity. Not all of it is terribly interesting either (nor the manner of presentation).
read more...»Timetric: UK Balance of Trade in Oil
The UK economy is now a net importer of oil - a change from the many years of trade surpluses in oil seen from the late 1970s onwards as north sea production and exporting gained scale and momentum. The Timetric chart below tracks the monthly trade balance in oil and the one below it tracks the monthly value of oil exports and imports.
read more...»Ghana becomes a producer of crude oil
Could the extraction of crude oil in Ghana be enough on its own to double their growth rate and provide a funding platform for enormous infrastructure spending? That is the optimistic hope of the government on the day that oil started to flow from an oil field that may have upwards of two billion barrels available.
Oil has the potential to provide new riches for a country that has won plaudits for improved governance and macroeconomic stability. The state plans to allocate some of the revenue from the oil to fund extra spending in education, health care, industry, and infrastructure. But there are many risks too - economic, environment, social and political. Especially if the new wealth from black gold in their oceans flows only to a small minority.
Nigeria and Angola are Africa's largest oil producers - see this background article from Reuters
Here is a selection of news articles on the arrival of Ghana as an oil producer. Oil is an opportunity and a challenge.
read more...»Tacit collusion between oil producers and consumers?
Are crude oil prices set to rise above $100 a barrel and stay there as we head into 2011? As our chart shows, there has been a steady increase in world oil prices over the last two years and a barrel of oil is now comfortably above $90. World economic growth is picking up - the main driver is strong activity in fast-growing emerging nations - and the oil producer cartel OPEC has announced that it sees no need to increase their output quotas in a way to stabilise the price below $90.
read more...»Energy Oligopoly - Price Investigation is Launched
The industry regulator Ofgem has announced a fresh investigation into the pricing policies of the oligopolistic electricity and gas market - for consumer lobbying groups the wait has been too long but many analysts point to data that shows that many gas supply businesses for example have been operating at a loss for much of the last decade. And that net profit margins are pretty thin compared to the total fuel bill for household customers. More details here Everyone gets hot under the collar about energy prices but the reality is that gas and electricity is no longer cheap and too little progress has been made in ways to reduce our energy consumption.
Tea with the Economist - Stephen King
Stephen King, Chief Global Economist of HSBC is a good friend of Tutor2u having appeared at several of our recent teacher conferences. He has a terrific grasp and feel for some of the salient global shifts in economic power and influence and he speaks in this video to The Economist about the growing demand for scarce resources from fast growing emerging markets and the challenges this poses for the West.
Broker spends $520m in a drunken stupor and moves the global oil price
Not an example you would find in a standard textbook - but a fun one to use nonetheless!
AS Economics Revision - Oil and Petrol Prices
This week we have heard news that the price of petrol and diesel at the pumps has reached a record high.
The data chart above provides another opportunity for students to familiarise themselves with changes in price information over time and perhaps try this question
"Using the extract, identify two points of comparison between UK diesel and petrol prices and the world price of crude oil over the period shown by the data" (8 marks)
read more...»


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Note: this post is from 2006, outbound links may be broken.
Deztex releases Tramp 4 VSTi
Deztex has released Tramp 4, A freeware 4 Operator FM Synth developed with SynthEdit.
- 4 Operators that can be configured into 8 different algorithms
- Each Oscillator has Sine, Ramp, Saw ,Triangle & Square Wave and 2 modes, Ratio and Fixed
- Frequency is set by keyboard pitch with ratio adjustments up to 6 octaves
- Fixed frequency range is from 1 hz to 20 Khz
- Fine Tune adjusts 2 octaves in Ratio Mode
- Fine Tune is Log10(x) scale in Fixed Mode
- Fixed Frequency is displayed in Hz
- Detune up or down 1 octave
Check Deztex Limited Production for more information and a link to download Tramp 4.


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Mardel Price $9.99
Record your hopes, dreams, prayer requests, achievements, goals, and more in this beautiful, leather-like journal. Featuring an embossed cover design, lined pages, and a compact size that's perfect for on the go writing, each journal is as pretty as it is practical. Great gift idea!
Front cover reads, "But my God shall supply all your need according to his riches in glory by Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:19"


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Product Details
Additional Info
Often overlooked, proper mounting can mean the difference between success and failure, comfort and fatigue, efficiency and wasted effort. At AbleNet, we take proper positioning of switches, communication devices, and environmental controls seriously. We've assembled a complete line of mounting solutions ranging from simple Velcro® and tapes, to suction table mounts, to highly customizable clamps, arms, and plates. Use the method below to help you select the correct system for your needs.
Situation 1 Read More
We need a system to mount a variety of switches to a flat surface. Based on our activities, we will need to often change the location and orientation to best meet the needs of the students (horizontal, vertical, tilted).
Situation 2 Read More
I need to mount a communication product to give instructions at an activity station. The product's position will need to be adjusted depending on the current user, but it will also need to work with "heavy hitters" in class.
Situation 3 Read More
I have a scanning environmental control product that needs to be mounted on a wheelchair and positioned for viewing. I also need a "sip and puff" switch that can accommodate two-switch scanning.
Cling!™ Cling provides a quick tabletop mounting solution that's easy to move and reposition Learn More
Switch Selection Guide For an ideal selection of switches, review our switch selection guide on our website. Learn More
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Latitude™ ARM with mounting plate A perfect solution to mount the Environmental Control Unit. Learn More
Pneumatic switch An ideal sip and puff switch for chair mounting. Learn More
Gooseneck Arm (with Pneumatic connector) Use the Gooseneck arm to mount the Pneumatic switch to allow for some slight movement. Learn More
Velcro® Use the Velcro straps to properly manage the cords. Learn More
Download our Mounting Selection Grid now (PDF)


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Global Youth Service Day
Family Service of Roanoke Valley was once again selected for the 13th year as the State Farm® Lead Agency in Southwest Virginia for Global Youth Service Day which was held the weekend of April 11-13, 2014. Global Youth Service Day is the largest youth-driven volunteer event in the world! For more information about this local, national and international effort, please visit www.GYSD.org and www.YSA.org
In line with the mission of FSRV, Global Youth Service Day (GYSD) is meant to empower youth ages 12-25 to impact their communities through volunteer efforts. GYSD is the largest volunteer initiative in the world. Youth Service America (YSA) and State Farm sponsor GYSD in Southwest Virginia. To learn more about YSA and GYSD, go to http://www.ysa.org/gysd.
Please support our efforts to promote Children's Health and Welfare through violence prevention, healthful living and the promotion of safe teen driving. Just click the "Click and Pledge" button below to make a donation and invest in the well-being of the Roanoke Valley's youth!
Global Youth Service Day is generously presented by WSLS-10 and Jammin'JJS
Global Youth Service Day is generously sponsored at the national level by Youth Service America and State Farm Insurance.
Global Youth Service Day is generously sponsored at the local level by Oakey's Funeral Service & Crematory; Dixon Hughes Goodman, LLC; Pure Zen Nail Spa - Natural Nail Care; First Citizen's Bank; and Southeast Rural Community Assistance Project, Inc. (SERCAP).
Global Youth Service Day is generously supported by the following businesses:
Family Service of Roanoke Valley is proud to be an Impact Partner in collaboration with the United Ways of Roanoke Valley and Franklin County.


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Information for Graduation
Awarding Your Degree
Students who have met all coursework and are not bringing in transcripts from a different college will have their degree conferred within 30 days of the end of the semester.
Students who are waiting for coursework from another college will have their degree conferred once the transcript is received and updated.
What happens if I do not meet the requirements for graduation and have already participated in the ceremony? Students who apply for the degree in a given semester and do not fulfill all requirements must submit a new application, and an additional application fee of $30, before the deadline for the semester in which they intend to graduate.
Requirements for a Baccalaureate Degree
General Requirements
A GPA of 2.00 or better is required on ALL work counted toward a degree. A GPA of 2.00 or better is required for all work in the major field of study and counted toward a degree.
Tuition Rebates
A $1,000 tuition rebate from the state of Texas is offered to qualifying students who graduate from Texas A & M University - Central Texas with a bachelor's degree and no more than 3 hours over the minimum number of hours required for the degree. For additional information and forms log on to the websites below.


text: I recently read that inland waters near me in central Florida are supposed to be inhabited by wild sailfin mollies! (Poecilia latipinna) I've never seen them in the cold-water spring-fed rivers that I normally visit, so I assume that they are probably in the warmer rivers and lakes. I'm in west central Florida, and I'm thinking that the Withlacoochee River is my best chance here of finding them. I remember throwing a bait trap in there a few years ago and coming home with a bunch of cool little banded minnows (Fundulus lineolatus?) but not mollies. I'm sure I'll have to wait until spring before they will be near the shore where I can trap them, but I'm excited about potentially obtaining wild specimens of my own. Anyone have any thoughts?


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Anniversaries, December 24, 2014
Cards sought for 50th anniversary John and Dorothy Fredrickson are celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary, and family members Marty and Terri Fredrickson, Mike and Cassandra Fredrickson and Stu and Margo Meador are requesting a card shower. Anniversary wishes may send cards to: 1000 Tanglewood Drive, Marion, KS 66861.
Cards requested for Helmer's 50th Larry and Judy Helmer will be celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary on Oct. 4. They were married in 1964. In honor of this special day, the couple's family is requesting a card shower. Their children include son Todd and wife Dawn Helmer and grandchildren Garrett and Taylor and daughter Marci and husband Russ Cain and grandchild Alex Cain.
Anniversary open house set for Funks
Eldon and Esther (Frantz) Funk are celebrating their 60th wedding anniversary with an open house from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday, Sept.
Births, Feb. 18, 2015
Mary, Lily and Levi Wray arrive Dec. 8 Aaron and Lisa Friesen Wray of Wichita announce the birth of triplets, Mary Layne weighing 5 pounds, 15 ounces; Lily Ann weighing 5 pounds, 4 ounces; and Levi Glenn weighing 4 pounds, 10 ounces, all born Dec. 8. Grandparents are Larry and Judy Friesen of Wichita and JaLayne Wray and Kevin and Fran Wray of Howard. Great-grandparents are Shirley Nelson of El Dorado and Calvin and Betty Friesen of Wichita.
Births, Feb. 11, 2015
Crew Unruh Corey and Lauryn Unruh of McPherson announce the birth of their son, Crew Michael Unruh, born Dec. 16 at Salina. He weighed 6 pounds, 10 ounces, and was 191⁄2 inches long. Welcoming him home was his sister, Collyns, 2. Maternal grandparents are Dale and Lisa Mayfield of Hillsboro.
Births, Jan. 14, 2015
Weston Pagenkopf Mark Jr. and Julie Pagenkopf of Lincolnville announce the birth of their son, Weston Mark Pagenkopf, born Dec. 16 at Salina. He weighed 7 pounds, 5 ounces, and was 211⁄2 inches long. Welcoming him home was his sister, Marlie Pagenkopf, 4.
Card Showers
Card showers, Jan. 21, 2015
Jirak to celebrate 80th birthday Marguerite Jirak of Salina, and formerly of Lincolnville, is celebrating her 80th birthday Feb. 2. In honor of this special event, her children, Cindy, Randy, Steve, Becky, Kelly, Hank, Kim and Shelley, and their families, are requesting a card shower for her. Cards may be sent to her at: 1229 E. Kirwin, Apt. D, Salina, KS 67401.
Card showers, December 31, 2014
Cards welcomed for Olsen's 75th The family of Larry (Farmer) Olsen requests a card shower for Larry's 75th birthday Saturday, Jan. 3. Cards should be mailed to Larry Olsen, 1915 Quail Creek, Marion KS 66861-9160.
Card Shower (Sept. 24, 2014)
Backhus turns 90, cards requested The family of Mary Anna Backhus is requesting a card shower for her 90th birthday Oct. 12. Mary Anna and her late husband, Adolph, who was born and raised in Tampa, farmed and operated a dairy northeast of Hope for many years. They moved to Herington after retiring. She has two daughters, Verdie (Keith) Knaak of Craig, Mo., and Jody and husband John Munson of Culver; four grandchildren, two step-grandchildren, six great-grandchildren and seven step-great-grandchildren. Cards may reach her 2825 Resort Drive, No.
Deaths, March 4, 2015
• ARLYLE JOCH, 94, died Feb. 18 at Salem Home in Hillsboro. The service is planned this spring at Plymouth, Wis. She was born Feb. 13, 1921, to Raymond and Melitta (Kaufmann) Wittkopp at Plymouth. Her husband, Harold Joch, predeceased her in 1999. Survivors include sons Robert Joch of Plymouth and David Joch of Lewisburg, Ky.
Deaths, Feb. 25, 2015
• EARL C. JANZEN, 85, of Peabody, employed at Bud's Conoco, the Alfalfa Mill, Riddle Quarries and retired from Marion Elevator, died Feb. 21 at Presbyterian Manors in Newton. The funeral will be at 10 a.m. Wednesday, Feb. 25 at Peabody Christian Church.
Deaths, Feb. 18, 2015
•THELMA MAY BARTEL, 82, died Feb. 10 at Kidron Bethel in North Newton. The memorial services was Feb. 14 at the Bethel College Mennonite Church in North Newton. Burial was at the Bethel College Mennonite Church Columbarium. She was born May 2, 1932, to Albert C. and Rosina (Gaeddert) Bartel at Hillsboro.
Engagements, Feb. 4, 2015
Serene, Bartel plan April 11 wedding Bruce and Diedre Serene announce the engagement of their daughter, Mieka Ann Serene, to Casey Jacob Bartel, son of Marlin and Cheryl Bartel, all of Hillsboro. The bride-to-be is the granddaughter of Shirley Reusser and George Charlsen of Wichita and the late Dwayne Reusser, Shirley Serene of Herington, and Donald and Lorraine Serene of Port St. Lucie, Fla. She is a graduate of Hillsboro High School and a graduate of Wichita State University with a bachelor's degree in nursing. She is employed at the Newton Medical Center emergency room. The groom-elect is the grandson of Myrta Bartel of Hillsboro, the late Johnnie Bartel, Ann Bartel of Durham and the late Elmer Bartel. He is a graduate of Hillsboro High School and a graduate of Southeast Community College, Beatrice, Neb.
Engagements, Jan. 28, 2015
Hett, Overton set May wedding David and Diane Hett announce the engagement of their daughter, Emily D. Hett, to Alan E. Overton, son of Arlie and Gina Overton, all of Marion. The bride-to-be is the granddaughter of Delvin and Mary O'Dell of Peabody and the late Larry Vantuyl, and Jerry and Peggy Hett. The groom-elect is the grandson of Alan and Mary Overton of Canton, Merrill Derstine of Harleysville, Pa., and the late Jean Derstine. The bride-to-be is a 2011 graduate of Marion High School and a 2014 graduate of Friends University, earning a degree in elementary education.
Engagements, November 26, 2014
Blose, Schaede set December wedding James and Pamela Blose announce the engagement and approaching marriage of their daughter, Caitlin E. Blose, to Garrett A. Schaede, son of Kent and Shelley Schaede, all of Owasso, Okla. The bride-to-be is the granddaughter of Bobbie Danuser of Owasso and Kay Blose of Stillwater, Okla. She is a 2009 graduate of Ozark High School, Ozark, Mo., and a medical student at Oklahoma State University School of Medicine, Tulsa, Okla. He is a 2010 graduate of Owasso High School, and is graduating from Cameron University in December 2014 earning a business and marketing degree.
Myrick and Remy marry Jan. 31
Kathleen Michele Myrick and Tad Alan Remy were united in marriage Saturday, Jan. 31, at Peace Lutheran Church near Albert with pastor Patricia Reep presiding. The bride is the daughter of Mike and Johanna Myrick of Larned. The groom is the son of Tom and Lynley Remy of rural Burdick. He is the grandson of Elinor and the late Lee Remy and John and Sue Gutsch. The bride, given in marriage by her father, wore a strapless a-line, ivory gown of organza. The fitted bodice featured embroidery and crystals.
Weddings, December 24, 2014
Crawshaw and Moser marry Nov. 29 Tate Elizabeth Crawshaw and Darren Richard Francis Moser, both of Wichita, exchanged wedding vows at 5 p.m. Nov. 29. The double-ring ceremony was at Risen Savior Lutheran Church with pastor Tom Harmon officiating. The bride's parents are Chris and Tonya Crawshaw of Wichita.
Weddings, November 12, 2014
Raleigh and Unruh wed at Hesston MC Taylor Raleigh and Landon Unruh were married Aug. 23 at Hesston Mennonite Church with pastor John Murray officiating. The bride is the daughter of Greg and Carol Raleigh. The groom is the son of Paul and Chris Unruh. Bridesmaids were Lauren Roulhac, Morgan Simmering, Rachel Meinholdt and Brittany Haynes. Groomsmen were Zach Unruh, Nicholas Unruh, Jamison Unruh and Grant Raleigh. Ushers were Georg Schimer, Taylor Nebel and Paul Schrag.
General Daily Life
Daily Life, March 4, 2015
Free child screening in Marion March 10 Marion County Early Intervention Services is offering a free screening for children birth through 5 years old from 3 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Tuesday, March 10, in Marion. At the screening, development will be checked in the areas of learning, motor, language and social.
Daily Life, Feb. 25, 2015
Fundraiser slated for Jason Allison Florence and Aulne Methodist churches will have a soup supper fundraiser from 5 to 7 p.m. Sunday, March 1, to benefit the Jason Allison family. The event will be at the Florence Methodist Church and is by freewill donation. Jason was diagnosed with ALS in October 2014. All proceeds from the fundraiser will go to Jason and his family. For those unable to attend, donations may be sent to Attn:
Daily Life, Feb. 18, 2015
Tax help available through MCDA Barb Smith and Gayla Ratzlaff, certified Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) preparers, are offering free tax help to people who generally make $53,000 or less, persons with disabilities and the elderly to file federal and state returns. To make an appointment, call the Marion County Department on Aging at 620-382-3580 Palestine Christians first spring topic The plight of Palestinian Christians will be the topic at the first spring session of Lifelong Learning at 9:45 a.m. Friday, Feb. 20, in the Wohlgemuth Music Education Center on the Tabor College campus. Larry Nikkel, former president of Tabor, and Tim Sullivan, U.
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Stewartia pseudocamelliaScientific name: Stewartia pseudocamellia Author: Maxim. Common name: Japanese Stewartia Family: Theaceae |
LocationSoak up the sublime vista of distant hills from the Visitor Centre deck and observe our plant of the week at the same time. If you glance to the left or westward from the deck you will see, Stewartia pseudocamellia, vibrant-of-leaf, standing at the edge of the Terrace Garden bed 58. Another specimen can be found above the path through the Residence Garden. The plant family Theaceae, to which Camellia sinensis the tea plant belongs, contains several genera, some members of which surround this plant. There are several camellia plants, two just to the left, with their glossy dark green leaves. Schima wallichii is the tall, green-leaved tree behind and slightly left of the Japanese Stewartia and a glance behind you toward the Visitor Centre, will reveal Gordonia axillaris, usually with fallen camellia like flowers lying beneath it. |
The genus Stewartia, known as mountain camellias, contains about nine species of deciduous trees from eastern North America and eastern Asia. The name commemorates, somewhat obscurely, John Stuart, Earl of Bute (1713-1792) and you may find the spelling Stuartia in some texts. John Stuart served briefly as Prime Minister of England (1762-1763), was a gifted amateur botanist and was chief adviser to Augusta, Princess Dowager of Wales, when she founded the Botanic Garden at Kew, in 1759-1760. Moist woodlands in the hills of Nepal, India, Sikkim, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and south-western China are home to this 20m tree. A semi-shaded habitat, ensuring cool roots and a fertile lime-free soil suit most members of this family. |


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The European Union will survive what's coming, but many European governments will not.
NEW YORK — Something other than leaves will fall in Europe this autumn.
American attention, no doubt, will focus on Barack Obama's date with an angry electorate this November. Yet across the pond, governments of the right, left and center in Europe appear ready to crumble, their positions eroded by a wave of austerity, high unemployment and government debt, plus a smattering of nasty corruption scandals.
Consider the situation in Europe's five most important countries:
• In Germany, one of the costs of bailing out the Greeks appears to be the career of Chancellor Angela Merkel. It's too early to write her off, but voters sharply rebuked her Christian Democrat-led coalition in local elections in July, depriving her government of control of the upper house of parliament. Since the election, Merkel's own poll numbers have slipped, and trouble has emerged inside her coalition.
• In Britain, the election that ended 12 years of Labour rule in May brought not the Tories but rather a Tory-Liberal Democratic coalition to power, an uncomfortable and somewhat unprecedented situation for the British. The deal each man cut with the other has a one-year shelf life — basically, until the referendum on electoral reforms that the Lib Dems insisted on can be held next May. After that, watch how quickly the coalition unravels.
• In Italy last week, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, in power since 2008 (and who led Italy 1994-95, 2001-06), lost his parliamentary majority due to the defection of a 30-strong faction from his People of Freedom party over a junior minister accused of corruption. Berlusconi likely will face a vote of confidence in September, and as of right now, new elections in Italy seem more likely than not.
• In France, meanwhile, another mercurial continental leader, President Nicholas Sarkozy, finds himself embroiled in a campaign finance scandal that could threaten his job. Sarkozy came into office declaring that a new era of probity had dawned. But French police have opened investigations into whether Sarkozy solicited large political donations from 87-year-old Liliane Bettencourt, the wealthiest woman in France and heiress to the L'Oreal cosmetics fortune.
• In Spain, the European economy staring most intently into the economic abyss, Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero's coalition is dependent on two nationalist parties that know they have him in a spot. Ahead of the Catalan regional elections in October and November, both the Catalan Party and the Basque Nationalist Party want concessions on regional autonomy opposed by the rank-and-file of Zapatero's Socialist Party. The Catalan nationalists also want to see more and deeper reforms of labor and social programs and could be tempted by a coalition with Zapatero's rival, People's Party leader Mariano Rajoy, who now leads Zapatero in opinion polls.
These five economies represent nearly three-fourths of the GDP of the European Union. Put another way, combined they produce as much economic activity every year as the United States did in 2004. Their crushing national debts aside, having this degree of political instability in an economic pillar that large has to make you wonder about the future of "The West."


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Share Bruegger's Bagels 319 14th Ave. SE Dinkytown, MN 55414 Directions | Bus | Taxi Hours M-F: 7a-5p Sa-Su: 7a-3p Parking -Metered -Dinkytown Parking Lot -Neighborhood residential Contact Phone: (612) 623-9522 Has this info changed? Let us know |
The Dinkytown location of Bruegger's Bagels opens early morning to satisfy your breakfast bagel and coffee needs, but don't forget to visit for lunch! The bagel sandwich continues to be the most underrated of the sandwich family (definitely not a scientific fact but just go with it) and the bagel sandwiches at Bruegger's Bagels in Dinkytown will fill your belly with tasty bageliciousness.


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UPPER MARLBORO, Md. (AP) — Prince George's County fire officials say residents of two homes were sickened by fumes caused by generators and a fire was started in a third home by improper use of a generator.
Department spokesman Mark Brady says about 9 a.m. Sunday, firefighters went to a home and removed a family a five that were sickened by carbon monoxide fumes from a generator placed too close to a fireplace vent on the house's exterior wall. The five were taken to hospitals.
Brady says Saturday night, a resident put a generator on a front porch near an open door and CO fumes sickened the resident, who was treated by paramedics.
Also Saturday night, a generator placed too close to a house ignited a fire. There were no injuries, but damage was extensive.


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Rihanna shocked her twitter followers when she posted a pic of the giant tattoo she got as a tribute to her grandmother. A source tells HollywoodLife.com exclusively that Chris Brown loves it!
Rihanna isn't afraid to show some skin! She posted her new tattoo of the Goddess Isis she got inked under her boobs on her twitter on September 9. A friend of Chris Brown's tells us EXCLUSIVELY that he loves her new tattoo!
Rihanna Instagram'd the shot of her new under-boob tattoo, saying, "Goddess Isis- Complete Woman – Model for future generations." She also included the hashtag #GRANGRANDOLLY, a tribute to her late grandmother, who she says is "always in and on my heart."
A friend of Chris Brown tells HollywoodLife.com EXCLUSIVELY how he reacted when he first saw the pic! "Chris knows Ri loved her Dolly. He thinks her tat is hot and when he saw it you should have seen his face! I can't describe it but he was like 'ooouch, that hurrrrrrrt.' You had to see his face, though. It was like he was getting inked-up too with her and he felt it through her. They connected like that and sh*t, it's crazy. But he like the look and know there ain't no pain that would come between Ri and her Dolly."
Chris Brown recently got a crazy tattoo of his own — a woman who appears to be beaten on his neck! We wonder how Ri feels about his new tattoo!
What do you think, HollywoodLifers?
– Dory Larrabee
More Chris & Rihanna News:
- Rihanna & Chris Brown's VMAs Kiss: Fans React On Twitter
- Karrueche Tran: 'Very Angry' Over Chris Brown & Rihanna's VMAs Kiss
- Why Rihanna & Chris Brown's VMAs Kiss Is 'Worrisome' — Experts
View Comment
Posted at 3:37 AM on October 1, 2012
Posted at 4:03 PM on September 12, 2012
Posted at 3:37 AM on October 1, 2012
Posted at 8:16 PM on September 11, 2012
Posted at 4:04 PM on September 12, 2012
Posted at 3:42 AM on October 1, 2012
i agree that she looks slutty and ghetto whorish (which i only use to make a point) a poor example to all the kids who idolize her…i agree too that "trailer park trash" is an ignorant and offensive term; mostly ignorant…LOL… so ignorant it's well funny to hear……i live in a very nice LARGE i guess you could call it "trailer" (kinda) on 15 acres, but point is….that's ignorant and offensive to say "trailer park trash" what exactly does that mean?…….she looks slutty, regardless of where she lives…….so, stop using that ignorant description…it makes u sound very stupid
k LUV NC
Posted at 4:27 PM on September 11, 2012


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And then there's tremp, Israeli Hebrew for a hitchhiked ride, from British "to tramp" — that is, to hike. Hitchhikers or trempistim, though still more prevalent in Israel than in other Western countries, are less common than in the past, but if I give a lift to a friend, that's a tremp, too.
Nor, to go from verbal to sign language, does one thumb a ride, as one does — or used to do — in America. Rather, the trempist extends his arm horizontally from the shoulder, European style, with its open palm facing the oncoming driver, and leans slightly forward.
A jinji, from Mandate-period "ginger," can be in Hebrew to this day anyone with light-colored hair. The feminine form is jinjit, and the masculine and feminine plurals are jinjiyim and jinjiyot. The word is particularly used for redheads, but I can remember more than once, in the days when I still had a full head of light-brown hair (which hasn't been for a while), being called by it. "Halo, jinji!" — "Hey, you with the light hair!" — can be an effective way of hailing someone in a country of mostly dark-haired people.
Halo, "hey," from English "hello," is a British-Mandatism, too. It's pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, which is probably also British influenced, as in British "hel-lo" — "Look at that!" or "What have we here!" But a shouted "hel-lo" is also used by the British to hail someone far-off whose name you don't know. ("Haloo" or "haloa," on the other hand, is a traditional cry for urging on one's dogs in a foxhunt.)
Halo, uttered with a falling rather than rising tone, as "hello" is in English, can also be an Israeli way of answering the telephone. Yet it has a slight gruffness about it — a hint, as it were, of "Who's bothering me now?" — that makes it less polite sounding than the more frequently heard "Shalom."
There may be more Mandate-period English words in today's Hebrew, but if there are, I can't think of them. The British Mandate lasted only 30 years, and though educated Israelis continued to speak English with a British accent for quite a while afterward, that, too, is a thing of the past.
American English now sets the tone, as it does almost everywhere, and words like pancher and tremp are part of the little that is left from the days when Albion ruled the waves.
Questions for Philologos can be sent to email@example.com
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Infantile autism: A syndrome of multiple primary deficits?
- Robert Goodman
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Attempts to explain infantile autism in terms of just one underlying neurological or psychological deficit may be misguided. As in the case of many neurological syndromes, autism may involve multiple functional deficits due to multiple coexistent neurological deficits. Comparison with Asperger's syndrome and the developmental dysphasias suggests that the autistic syndrome results from the coexistence of at least two distinct constellations of functional impairments: deficits in mechanical language skills, as in the developmental dysphasias; and deficits in social relatedness, play, and nonverbal communication, as in Asperger's syndrome. Possible neurological underpinnings are considered, including the relative contribution of the two cerebral hemispheres. Implications for etiology and research are discussed.
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- Voeller, K. K. S. (1986). Right-hemisphere deficit syndrome in children.American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 1004–1009.
- Waterhouse, J., & Fein, D. (1982). Language skills in developmentally disabled children.Brain and Language, 15, 307–333.
- Weintraub, S., & Mesulam, M-M. (1983). Developmental learning disabilities of the right hemisphere: Emotional, interpersonal and cognitive components.Archives of Neurology, 40, 463–468.
- Weintraub, S., Mesulam, M-M., & Kramer, L. (1981). Disturbances in prosody: A righthemisphere contribution to language.Archives of Neurology, 38, 742–744.
- Wing, L. (1981). Asperger's syndrome: A clinical account.Psychological Medicine, 11, 115–129.
- Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979). Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children: Epidemiology and classification.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9, 11–30.
- Wing, L., Gould, J., Yeates, S. R., & Brierley, L. M. (1977). Symbolic play in severely mentally retarded and in autistic children.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18, 167–178.
- Wing, L., & Wing, J. K. (1971). Multiple impairments in early childhood autism.Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1, 256–266.
- Woods, B. T., & Carey, S. (1979). Language deficits after apparent clinical recovery from childhood aphasia.Annals of Neurology, 6, 405–409.
- Title
- Infantile autism: A syndrome of multiple primary deficits?
- Journal
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Volume 19, Issue 3 , pp 409-424
- Cover Date
- 1989-09-01
- Print ISSN
- 0162-3257
- Online ISSN
- 1573-3432
- Publisher
- Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Robert Goodman (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Institute of Child Health, London


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When filing Application for National Examination in MFT, please ensure you are using version 11/2014. Older application versions will not be accepted after December 1, 2014.
Note for Recent Graduates:
The Board recommends that recent graduates working in a therapy-related practice
utilize the designation "MA MFT" or "MS MFT" on business cards or advertising materials (e.g. "John Smith, MA MFT" or "Sue Jones, MS MFT"). Usage of these letters to denote an earned graduate degree have resulted in complaints alleging unlicensed practice of marriage and family therapy by the individual (as "MFT" is recognized and regularly used as an abbreviation for "marriage and family therapist," a protected practice term), or cause confusion for members of the public who mistake the letters as a representation of licensed status by the provider.
MFT licensure in Minnesota is a 4-step process: education, national exam, post-graduate experience, and state Licensure exam.
First, a graduate degree must be obtained that satisfies educational requirements set forth in Minnesota Statute 148B.33, subd. 5:
Subdivision 1. Documentary evidence of qualifications. An applicant for a license shall furnish evidence that the applicant:Students interested in MFT licensure in Minnesota should check with their school to determine if it is COAMFTE-accredited. If it is, your coursework satisfies MN licensure requirements. If it is not, equivalency requirements are set forth in Minnesota Rule 5300.0140. Coursework and graduate practicum requirements are clearly spelled out in this rule. The Application for National Examination contains the required practicum affidavit on page 5 and a coursework equivalency grid on page 7. If an applicant has questions regarding whether coursework satisfies the MFT licensure requirements, it is recommended that s/he first discuss the matter with an advisor at the academic institution prior to contacting the Board.
After obtaining the required degree an Application for National Examination is filed with the Board. The Board's application committee reviews the application to verify that academic and practicum requirements are satisfied. If approved by the Board, the applicant may then apply to take the national MFT exam at a day and time selected by the applicant.
An applicant must also complete a minimum of two years/4000 hours of post-graduate supervised experience in the practice of MFT. For more information regarding the 4000 post-graduate hours, review the document " Breakdown of Post-Graduate Supervised Experience ." Note that all required hours of direct client contact must be completed under the supervision of a Board-approved LMFT supervisor. Last, after passing the national exam and completing the required number of post-graduate supervised experience hours, an applicant can apply to the Board to take the state (oral) licensure exam, by completing an Application for State Licensure .
Licensure by reciprocity is also available to an individual holding an MFT license from another jurisdiction if the Board determines that the standards for licensure in effect when the individual was previously licensed are at least equivalent to or exceed the current requirements for licensure in Minnesota. A reciprocity candidate must complete an Application for Licensure by Reciprocity.


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Men In Black 3 — The Time Capsule [AUDIO]
In upcoming summer blockbuster Men In Black 3, or MIB3 to hipsters, Will Smith travels back in time 43 years to 1969, but at the movie's recent press junket in Hollywood Will and his costars, Tommy Lee Jones and Josh Brolin, traveled 43 years into the future…sort of.
Watch The New 'Men In Black 3′ Trailer [VIDEO]
They all placed props like their trademark shades and iconic neuralyizers into a time capsule that's going on a quick cross-country tour before being stored at NASA for the next 43 years. There's no word on who will open it back up in the year 2055, but I imagine it might very well coincide with the release of Men in Black 32!


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CaptionTube is a utility for adding closed captions to YouTube videos. After you import a video, you play the video and add captions as needed. When you are done, you export the captions and then upload to YouTube.
CaptionTube provides improved precision with a scaleable timeline. You can also make changes to captions and preview them immediately. It also allows you to create multiple language tracks.
Please refer to the following diagram:
Please refer to the following diagram:
Click the caption you wish to edit. In Timeline view, click on one of the clips. In List view, click on a caption row in the table containing the captions.
Please refer to the following diagram:
Clicking 'Export Captions' 1 displays the Export Captions dialog. At the top of the dialog are three radio buttons that control how captions are exported.
No. The videos are still hosted on YouTube, but CaptionTube creates a bookmark to it. CaptionTube uses a player that streams the video from their original location.
Due to limitations in the way YouTube videos are encoded, seeking can be up to two seconds off. That said, we recommend seeking a few seconds before the desired location and pausing.
Yes! Refer to the following table:
Command | Keyboard Combination | Mode |
Toggle between Play and Pause | Alt + Space | Timeline and List views |
Toggle Words per Minute Highlighting | Alt + W | Timeline and List views |
Add a Caption | Alt + A | Timeline and List views |
Set caption in point to the current time | Ctrl + Shift + I | Timeline and List views |
Set caption out point to the current time | Ctrl + Shift + O | Timeline and List views |
Zoom In | Alt + Z | Timeline view |
Zoom Out | Alt + X | Timeline view |
Discuss CaptionTube on Google Groups
CaptionTube is powered by the following: Google App Engine, App Engine Patch, YouTube Data API, Python, Django, and jQuery.


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Magic Kingdom:
Prince Charming's Regal Carousel-This classic carousel can be found in Fantasyland and lets Disney Princess fans ride on majestic steeds near the castle! There are also painted scenes inside from the Cinderella film; and keep an eye out for the horse with a golden ribbon tied around its tail, it's Cinderella's favorite!
Mickey's Philharmagic-This 3-D show, located in Fantasyland, takes guests on a trip through famous musical numbers from classic Disney films, such as The Little Mermaid and Aladdin!
Fantasyland Expansion-The Magic Kingdom's Fantasyland is currently being expanded; and a large portion of the expansion is being dedicated to Disney Princesses! There will be two castles: one holding a Beauty and Beast restaurant and the other housing a Little Mermaid attraction! You will also get a chance to venture inside Belle's library, as well as explore her village, plus more! There is even a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs coaster in the works! These new experiences are set to begin opening later this year. Read about the other additions to the Fantasyland Expansion here!
Adventureland-You can find Aladdin and Princess Jasmine in this themed land from time to time for an autograph and picture!
Fantasyland-What better place to meet and greet with Disney princesses than in the shadow of Cinderella Castle? You can find princesses here from time to time, especially after rope drop in the morning.
Liberty Square-Tucked behind Ye Olde Christmas Shoppe is a picturesque gazebo in view of the castle! Here many of Disney's newest princesses can be found at certain times throughout the day, such as Tiana from the Princess and the Frog!
Town Square Theater-On Main Street U.S.A., inside this the Town Square Theater, you can temporarily meet with Disney Princesses for a picture and autograph! However, this meet-and-greet area is temporary for the princesses as they will have a permanent area in the new Fantasyland which is currently under construction.
Fairytale Garden-In an area between Fantasyland and Tomorrowland, you will find a corner featuring a small stage and seating area where new Disney Princesses visit and even put on a little, mini-show at times. Right now, Merida, from Pixar's newest movie, Brave, is making appearances! Read more about that experience here!
Parades-Both of the Magic Kingdom's parades feature appearances by Disney Princesses, definitely must-sees for princess fans.
Cinderella's Royal Table-This is the ulimate character meal for Disney Princess fans! This restaurant is located inside Cinderella Castle, overlooking Fantasyland! You begin this fairy tale meal with a professional picture with Cinderella before walking up a winding staircase, or taking a royal elevator, up to the dining room which is decorated like the interior of a medieval castle! Girls then receive magic wands and boys plastic swords as you dine and enjoy princesses stopping by for a visit! Whether you are young or old, this restaurant experience is a dream come true!
Fantasyland-While Disney Princess souvenirs are easy to find at WDW, the best selection and store decor can be found in the shops at Fantasyland!
Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique-Let your little princess get a royal makeover and don her own princess attire at the Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique inside Cinderella Castle! Fairy Godmothers-in-training help transform little girls into princesses with special hairstyles, makeup, and even a Disney Princess dress if you didn't bring your own! Some guests choose this experience before enjoying a meal at Cinderella's Royal Table for the ultimate dream come true!
~Check out the windows on Main Street U.S.A., particularly those in front of the Emporium, to see Disney Princess stories come to life! Also see the windows in Fantasyland, Disney Princess fans are sure to enjoy the scenes!
~Located right behind the castle, to the right, there is a fountain featuring a statue of Cinderella (see picture above). If you look at it just right from a certain angle, the crown behind her looks as if it's sitting on her head!
~There are two paths located on either side of the castle, if you take the one on the right (if you are facing the castle from the front) you will find Cinderella's Wishing Well!
Character Spots: At many of the World Showcase pavilions, you can find Disney Princesses!
China-Meet up with Mulan for a picture and autograph!
Germany-You can find many princesses here, such as Snow White and Aurora! Also keep a look-out for Rapunzel's Tangled Tower hidden near the train scene.
Morocco-Be sure to explore this pavilion for Princess Jasmine!
France-Belle can often be found at the pavilion!
Akershus Storybook Dining-Located at the Norway pavilion, this restaurant is one of the best character meals on property for Disney Princess fans! At Akershus, you enter a Norwegian castle where you get a professional picture with Belle in her signature yellow gown. As you enjoy your medieval surroundings, you dine on delicious Norwegian fare (it's really good) as a variety of Disney princesses drop by for a visit, such as Cinderella, Ariel, Aurora, and Snow White! Akershus is open at breakfast, lunch, and dinner and is, in our opinion, one of the best ways to meet Disney Princesses!


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On a mission to make it big in Vegas?
Learn to play like a VIP and master the art of the slots!!! Whether you're a beginner or a High Roller, everyone can sharpen their skills and beat the house!
Make your bet, hit Spin, and watch the wheels fly!!!
Practice makes perfect, so compete against your friends for the Top Spot on the Leaderboard!!


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Blogging Stocks. When Your Income From Investments Covers Your Living Expenses: The "Crossover Point" About a month and a half ago, I read Your Money or Your Life and found it to be a relevatory experience (check out my review of the book).
One particularly interesting part was a discussion of a concept that the authors referred to as the "crossover point." Since then, I've seen reference to this concept in other places under other names, but I'll continue to use the same name here. What is the "crossover point"? The crossover point is the point at which your investments begin to earn more money than the cost of your living expenses. Trader Mike. The Big Picture: Rotation Underway: S&P100 to S&P600.
Monday, August 14, 2006 | 01:14 PM Technical Analysis gets a bad name, and for all the wrong reasons.
People seem to be put off by some of the more esoteric pattern recognition issues, and that's a shame. Get Rich Slowly. The Bonddad Blog. Grad Money Matters: Credit Card Arbitrage (Plus an Image of the $2,000 we Made...) They say a picture speaks a thousand words.
So, here is a picture of my bank statement showing the passive income from credit card arbitrage in the short span of 9 months. I had mentioned earlier about my first attempt at credit card arbitrage. Well, the CD came due on the 1st of June and we made around $2,000 in free money (The picture does not show the interest payment for the last month). If you are new to credit card arbitrage, here's a quick and dirty explanation of how it works: Remember those 0% balance transfer offers you receive in your mail box every day? Clever Dude Personal Finance & Money. TreasurePicks. Calculated Risk. Zero Hedge. The Big Picture. Biiwii.com Technical Analysis & Commentary.


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Appeal from the Superior Court
Fourth Judicial District at Fairbanks
The Honorable Randy M. Olsen Presiding
Go back to Supreme Court LIVE main page
Rev. 23 July 2012 © Alaska Court System www.courts.alaska.gov |
You'll need to download a free copy of
Adobe Acrobat Reader in order to view and print documents with this symbol. If you are using a screen reader, get support
and information at the Adobe Access website.


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AEGON Delivers Strong Underlying Earnings And Sales Growth; Capital Position Further Strengthened
In recent years, AEGON has implemented a broad restructuring program to sharpen its focus on its core lines of business, reduce significantly its overall cost base, and create greater efficiencies across the organization. This has resulted in a better balance between spread-based and fee-generating business and a substantially improved risk-return profile, the divestment of non-core businesses, a lower cost base and an improved capital base ratio.
AEGON's ambition
AEGON's aim to be a leader in all of its chosen markets by 2015 is supported by four strategic objectives: Optimize Portfolio, Enhance Customer Loyalty, Deliver Operational Excellence and Empower Employees. These key objectives have been embedded in all AEGON businesses. They provide the strategic framework for the company's ambition to become the most-recommended life insurance and pension provider by customers and distributors, as well as the most-preferred employer in the sector.
Optimize portfolio
AEGON has indicated previously that the consolidation of Spanish savings banks might lead to exiting one or more of its joint ventures in Spain. Following the announced merger between Banca Cívica and CaixaBank, AEGON reached an agreement with CaixaBank to end the life, health and pension partnership with Banca Cívica and sell its 50% interest in the joint ventures to CaixaBank for a total consideration of EUR 190 million. The sale is expected to result in a book gain of approximately EUR 35 million before tax. In 2011, AEGON's share in underlying earnings before tax of the joint venture totaled EUR 16 million. The transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2012 and is subject to regulatory approvals. In Spain, AEGON is also involved in an arbitration process to exit the joint venture with Caja Ahorros del Mediterráneo (CAM). This process is expected to be concluded in the first half of 2013. As of the second quarter of 2012, AEGON no longer includes results from this partnership. The second quarter of 2011 included underlying earnings of EUR 9 million from CAM. AEGON Asset Management has reached an agreement with KKR to sell its minority stake in Prisma Capital Partners, a provider of hedge fund solutions, while continuing to be invested in Prisma's funds. The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2012. Prisma's contribution to underlying earnings totaled EUR 5 million in the first half of 2012. In November, AEGON launched its new platform proposition in the United Kingdom, AEGON Retirement Choices, to capture opportunities in the At-Retirement market. Recently, the company added its Workplace Savings proposition to the platform. Pension reform and the Retail Distribution Review will transform pension products and services and how they are distributed. AEGON's platform offers a compelling solution to advisers, employers, and their employees. AEGON is also focused on securing strategic distribution agreements in the United Kingdom and reached an agreement to supply corporate protection solutions to Barclays Corporate & Employer Solutions, confirming AEGON's position as one of the market leaders in business protection. In India, AEGON Religare launched its online health plan, iHealth. The plan is targeted at customers who prefer a direct and convenient process while buying a financial product. Additionally, AEGON Religare is planning to expand its suit of online products with protection and traditional plans. Deliver operational excellenceCheck Out Our Best Services for Investors
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:: WKKG Local News :: |
Teen arrested in East Columbus dumpster firesA 17-year old Columbus boy has been arrested in the investigation into dumpster fires at Pence Place housing complex. Sgt. Matt Harris, spokesman for the Columbus Police Department, says the teen was taken into custody last night. Five dumpster fires were set in the last two months. Harris said investigators located the suspect after reviewing video evidence of the fires. The juvenile was transported to the Bartholomew County Juvenile Detention Center on a preliminary charge of arson, Harris said. Last Updated: Thursday, July 31, 2014 8:47:00 AM |
White River Broadcasting Station • Mailing Address ~ P.O. 1789 Columbus, IN 47202 |


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Micro-to-mainframe-link vendors provide higher-speed transmission links for corporate customers who want to take advantage of the fiercely competitive communications market to forge fast and economical links between workstations and hosts.
This new breed of communications products that run as fast as 56K bits per second (bps) will pump data at five times the speed of the now-common 9.6K-bps modem connections in many micro-to-mainframe systems, specifically IBM mainframes. Continue reading


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Friends of the Library
The Downers Grove Friends of the Library are members of the community whose active support has provided the library with funds for audiobooks, children's summer reading clubs, programs, and more.
Besides their special gifts, the Friends also sponsor ongoing activity groups that are open to all and enrich the entire community. Become a Friend here!
Library Foundation
Do you feel the library is a beloved community asset? Have you noticed it changing to keep up with the innovative times? Do you love to curl up with a book and appreciate having access to a collection which suits your many moods and interests? Please give to the Downers Grove Public Library Foundation.
The Library Foundation provides support to expand the collection, projects, programs, and special services of the library. Every penny donated stays with the library. It is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization started with a generous bequest from the estate of long time resident, Lillian Culbertson.
Upon the completion of the current renovation, the Foundation will fund a project to enrich our new setting, perhaps a technology enhancement. Give now and partner with the Downers Grove Public Library of the future.


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Quotes & Info
AMID > SEC Filings for AMID > Form 8-K on 10-Feb-2014 | All Recent SEC Filings |
Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement, Unregistered Sale of
Warrant to Purchase Common Units
On February 5, 2014, High Point Infrastructure Partners, LLC ("HPIP"), American Midstream Partners, LP (the "Partnership") and American Midstream GP, LLC (the "General Partner") entered into a settlement (the "Settlement") with AIM Midstream Holdings, LLC ("AIM") regarding the action filed in Delaware Chancery Court by AIM against HPIP, the Partnership and the General Partner, pursuant to which AIM sought rescission of the Partnership's August 2013 equity restructuring agreement between the parties (the "Equity Restructuring"), or, in the alternative, monetary damages. Under the Settlement, among other things:
� HPIP and AIM agreed to enter into an amendment to the limited liability company agreement of the General Partner (the "LLC Amendment") to, among other things, amend the Sharing Percentages (as defined therein) such that HPIP's sharing percentage thereafter shall be 95% and AIM's Sharing Percentage shall be 5%;
� HPIP agreed to transfer all of the 85.02% of the Partnership's outstanding Incentive Distribution Rights held by HPIP to the General Partner such that the General Partner will, immediately after the transfer, own 100% of the outstanding Incentive Distribution Rights; and
� the Partnership issued to AIM a warrant to purchase up to 300,000 common
units of the Partnership at an exercise price of $0.01 per common unit (the
"Warrant"), which Warrant, among other terms, (i) is exercisable at any time on
or after February 8, 2014 until the tenth anniversary of February 5, 2014,
(ii) contains cashless exercise provisions and (iii) contains customary
anti-dilution and other protections.
The Partnership had previously issued a warrant similar to the Warrant in connection with the Equity Restructuring, but such warrant was subsequently cancelled pending resolution of the Equity Restructuring dispute. The description of the Warrant contained herein is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Warrant, which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 hereto and incorporated by reference herein. The description of the LLC Amendment contained herein is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the LLC Amendment, which is filed as Exhibit 3.1 hereto and incorporated by reference herein.
Warrant Issuance
The information regarding the issuance of the Warrant set forth in Item 1.01 is
incorporated in its entirety herein by reference. The Partnership issued the
Warrant pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by
Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Amendment of General Partner LLC Agreement in Connection with Settlement
The information regarding the issuance of the Warrant set forth in Item 1.01 is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.
(d) Exhibits.
Exhibit Number Description 3.1 Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Agreement Limited Liability Company Agreement of American Midstream GP, LLC dated February 5, 2014 10.1 Warrant to Purchase Common Units of American Midstream Partners, LP dated February 5, 2014 |


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Beloved Oscar Winning Actor and Comedian Robin Williams Dead
Williams' publicist saying he had been battling depression.
Actor, Comedian Robin Williams Dead at 63
Marin County coroner says Oscar winner has died, with press rep adding he had "been battling severe depression of late."


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Situated somewhere between Ehukai and Sunset Beach, lies the skate park at Rocky Point. This high performance wave offers peeling rights and lefts and on a typical day you'll see up and coming pro surfers boosting big airs. Ironically, this particular day was less about airs and more about tubes.
A potential shot for the surf mags
The wave at Rockies Lefts and Rockies Rights breaks over a very shallow shelf.
Unknown about to do the rock dance
El Rollo


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Oyster farming on the Chesapeake Bay
Oyster farming is growing in Maryland, with bivalves being raised on 300 leases covering 3,600 acres of Chesapeake Bay bottom and water.
Jerry Jackson 0 Comment The Baltimore Sun Chesapeake Bay, Oysters
Oyster farming is growing in Maryland, with bivalves being raised on 300 leases covering 3,600 acres of Chesapeake Bay bottom and water.
The Baltimore Sun 1 Comment Maryland, The Baltimore Sun blue crabs, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland
Catch of the day: Maryland's famous crustacean from the Bay to the table. Photo essay by Erin Kirkland.
Robert Hamilton 0 Comment Nation, World Africa, Alaska, Alps, Amazon, Antarctica, Baltimore, Bingham Canyon Mine, Cape Cod, Chesapeake Bay, copper, cumulonimbus clouds, France, International Space Station, Italy, Kenya, NASA, New England, Paris, Patuxent River Naval Air Station, Rio Negro, Rio San Pablo, Shiveluch Volcano, Shuttle Atlantis, South Pole, Soyuz, typhoon, Utah, Venice, volcano
In the early days of space flight, the pictures harvested by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) were blurry gray images that resembled a bad weather map. With the advent of new technology and better platforms to photograph from, such as the space shuttle and International Space Station, NASA is able to provide us with an amazing viewpoint of Earth.
In honor of Earth Day, view memorizing photos of the blue planet from space.
Robert Hamilton 0 Comment Maryland, The Baltimore Sun Baltimore Colts, Baltimore Harbor, Chesapeake Bay, Crisfield, dairy farm, Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Eastern Avenue, ellicott city, Ft. Carroll, H. L. Mencken, Harry S Truman, Highlandtown, Jones Falls Expressway, Lenny Moore, O'Sullivan Building, Orioles, oyster boat, Park Avenue, Paul Richards, Robert F. Kniesche, Sparrows Point, York Road
The Baltimore Sun newspaper has a rich history of photojournalism. Since publishing its first photograph on September 30, 1901 The Sun has employed a long line of award winning photographers. To pay tribute to these photographers, The Darkroom will periodically take a look back at the body of work by some of these photographers whose love of their craft helped document the lives of people from the backstreets of Baltimore to the four corners of the globe.
Barbara Haddock Taylor 0 Comment Maryland, The Baltimore Sun bicycle, brown pelican, canoes, Chesapeake Bay, crab shanties, crabs, Smith Island, Tylerton
Tylerton, MD, population 55, is a secluded little hamlet located on Smith Island in the Chesapeake Bay. The town, which is reachable by a 40-minute ferry ride from Crisfield, MD, is steeped in crabbing tradition. The island provides beautiful vistas contrasted with eroding shorelines peppered with dilapidated crab shanties and boat moorings. Tylerton is a place where it's spectacular sunrise is equaled by the sunset.