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Abruzzo | |||
Region of Italy | |||
| |||
Country | Italy | ||
Capital | L'Aquila | ||
Government | |||
• President | Luciano D'Alfonso (Democratic) | ||
Area | |||
• Total | 10,763 km2 (4,156 sq mi) | ||
Population (2012-10-30) | |||
• Total | 1,307,919 | ||
• Density | 120/km2 (310/sq mi) | ||
Demonym | Abruzzan(s) / Abruzzese / Abruzzesi | ||
Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
• Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
GDP/ Nominal | €28.7[1] billion (2008) | ||
GDP per capita | €21,400[2] (2008) | ||
NUTS Region | ITF | ||
Website | www.regione.abruzzo.it |
Abruzzo | |||
Region of Italy | |||
| |||
Country | Italy | ||
Capital | L'Aquila | ||
Government | |||
• President | Luciano D'Alfonso (Democratic) | ||
Area | |||
• Total | 10,763 km2 (4,156 sq mi) | ||
Population (2012-10-30) | |||
• Total | 1,307,919 | ||
• Density | 120/km2 (310/sq mi) | ||
Demonym | Abruzzan(s) / Abruzzese / Abruzzesi | ||
Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
• Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
GDP/ Nominal | €28.7[1] billion (2008) | ||
GDP per capita | €21,400[2] (2008) | ||
NUTS Region | ITF | ||
Website | www.regione.abruzzo.it |
Abruzzo (pronounced [aˈbruttso]) is a region of Southern Italy, with an area of about 10,763 square kilometres (4,156 sq mi) and a population of about 1.3 million inhabitants. Its western border lies less than 50 miles (80 km) east of Rome. The region, divided into the provinces of L'Aquila, Teramo, Pescara and the Chieti, borders the region of Marche to the north, Lazio to the west and south-west, Molise to the south-east, and the Adriatic Sea to the east. Abruzzo is split into a mountainous area in the west with the Gran Sasso D'italia, and into a coastal area on the eastern side with the beaches of the Adriatic sea. Arguably, its geographical location is more central than southern, although ISTAT (the Italian statistical authority) considers it to be part of Southern Italy, as a vestige of Abruzzo's historic association with the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.[3]
Abruzzo boasts the title of "Greenest Region in Europe" thanks to one third of its territory, the largest in Europe,[4] being set aside as national parks and protected nature reserves. In the region there are three national parks, one regional park and 38 protected nature reserves. These ensure the survival of 75% of all of Europe's living species and are also home to some rare species, such as the small wading dotterel, golden eagle, Abruzzo chamois, Apennine wolf and Marsican brown bear.[5] Abruzzo is also home to Calderone, Europe's southernmost glacier.[6]
When the Italian diplomat and journalist Primo Levi visited Abruzzo he described it as "forte e gentile" (strong and gentle) which, he said, best synthesized the beauty of the region and the character of its people. The quote "forte e gentile" has since become the motto of the region and its inhabitants.[7]
The region is located in central Italy, stretching from the heart of the Apennines to the Adriatic Sea, and includes mainly mountainous and wild land. The mountainous inland is occupied by a vast plateau including Gran Sasso, at 2,912 metres (9,554 ft) the highest peak of the Apennines, and Mount Majella 2,793 metres (9,163 ft). The Adriatic coastline is characterized by long sandy beaches to the north and pebbly beaches to the south. Abruzzo is well known for its landscapes and natural beauties, parks and nature reserves, characteristic hillside areas rich in vineyards and olive groves, and one of the highest densities of blue flag beaches.[8]
The Abruzzo region has two types of climate: the first is strongly influenced by the presence of Abruzzo's Apennines range, dividing the climate of the coastal and sub-Apennine hills from the interior's high mountain ranges. Coastal areas have a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and mild winters and rainy hills with a sublittoral climate where temperatures progressively decrease with increasing altitude and precipitation with altitude.[9] Precipitation is also strongly affected by the presence of the Apennines mountain ridges of the region increases with the proportion being more abundant in the field and on the slopes exposed to the west, instead of decreasing towards the east and east-facing slopes. Often the Adriatic coast are sidelined rainfall from the west to the barrier effect of the Apennines undergoing the action of gentle winds descending from it (or Libeccio).[10] The minimum annual rainfall, however, are found in some inland valleys, sheltered from much disturbance to the blocking action of mountain ridges, such as the Peligna Valley, or the valley of the river Tirino, which in some places (Ofena, Capestrano) showed barely 500 millimetres (19.7 inches), and not along the coast where it never falls below 600 millimetres (23.6 inches), for if Teramo is relatively little watered by rain (Teramo less than 800 mm), the metre is exceeded in Chieti, reaching maximum levels in the Adriatic, while between Ortona and Vasto in Costa dei Trabocchi decrease again.[10] The highest rainfall occurs in upland areas on the border with Lazio; they are especially vulnerable to Atlantic disturbances. Around 1,500 to 2,000 millimetres (59 to 79 inches) of precipitation is typical (Pescara in 2010 showed a value close to 2800 mm).[11]
As with many Mediterranean regions, Abruzzo's vegetation is characterized by the presence of different Mediterranean ecosystems. The coast and the surrounding areas are characterized by the presence of typical plants of Mediterranean shrubland, such as myrtle, heather and mastic, while in the hilly areas other species grow, including olive, pine, willow, oak, poplar, alder, arbutus, broom, acacia, capers, rosemary, hawthorn, licorice and almond trees, interspersed with oak trees. At elevations between 600 and 1,000 metres (2,000 and 3,300 ft) there is sub-montane vegetation, mainly characterized by mixed forests of oak and turkey oak, maple and hornbeam; shrubs include dog rose and red juniper. Elevations between 1,000 and 1,900 metres (3,300 and 6,200 ft) are dominated by beech trees. In the Apennine Mountains at elevations above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) species include alpine orchid, mountain juniper, silver fir, black cranberry and the Abruzzo edelweiss.
The fauna of Abruzzo is highly varied, including the region's symbol, the Abruzzo chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata), which has recovered after risking extinction. Another animal typical of this region is the marsican brown bear, along with Italian wolf, deer, lynx, roe deer, snow vole, fox, porcupine, wild cat, wild boar, badger, otter and viper.
The natural parks of the region include the Abruzzo National Park,[12] the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park,[13] the Maiella National Park[14] and the Sirente-Velino Regional Park,[15] as well as numerous others natural reserves and protected areas.[16]
Humans have inhabited Abruzzo since Neolithic times. A skeleton from Lama dei Peligni in the province of Chieti has been radiometrically dated to 6,540 bp.[17] The name Abruzzo appears to derive from the Latin "Aprutium", although in Roman times the region was known at various times as Picenum, Sabina et Samnium, Flaminia et Picenum and/or Campania et Samnium.[18] This region was known as Aprutium in the Middle Ages arising from four possible sources: it is a corruption of Praetutium, or rather of the name of the people Praetutii, applied to their chief city, Interamnaes, the old Teramo.[19]
Until 1963 it was part of the Abruzzi region with Molise. The term Abruzzi derives from the time when the region was part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the territory was administered as Abruzzo Citeriore (Nearer Abruzzo) and Abruzzo Ulteriore I and II (Farther Abruzzo I and II), that being nearer and farther from Naples, the capital of the kingdom.[18] Abruzzo Citeriore is present day Chieti province. Abruzzo Ulteriore I comprised the Teramo and Pescara provinces; Abruzzo Ulteriore II is now the Province of L'Aquila. In this province is found the city of Corfinio (known as Corfinium in ancient Italy), the chief city of the Paeligni, 7 m. N. of Sulmona in the valley of the Aternus. The site of the original town is occupied by the village of Pentima. It probably became subject to Rome in the 4th century BC, though it does not appear in Roman history before the Social War (90 BC), in which it was at first adopted by the allies as the capital and seat of government. It appears also as a fortress of importance in the Civil War, though it resisted Caesar's attack for a week (49 BC). These people were honored by Caesar as citizens of Rome. It is said that the name "Italia" came from this region because of ancient coins that have been found here that date from about the 1st century BC. These coins have the name "Italia" on them and are apparently proof of this fact. This theory of the origin of the name "Italia" is debated by scholars, archaeologists and history itself. There is much consensus however that the name "Italia" was originally given to the region of modern Calabria by the ancient Greeks during their foundation of Magna Graecia (Greater Greece) in southern Italy around the 8th century BC. It is also said by the Italian Government that Calabria was once called "Italia" by the ancient Greeks in honour of its inhabitants who were known as the "Itali". This occurred hundreds of years before the coins of Corfinio (Corfinium) were apparently minted. The late archaeologist Massimo Pallottino also claimed that the name was derived from the Italic tribes that settled in modern Calabria. But it was not until the time of the Roman conquests that the term was expanded to cover the entire peninsula.
Until a few decades ago, Abruzzo was a region of poverty in Southern Italy; over the past decades, however, it has developed to such an extent that it has escaped from the spiral of underdevelopment to become the 'first' region of the 'Italian Mezzogiorno'. This confirms its pivotal role in the national economic system. Since the 1950s, Abruzzo has had steady economic growth. In 1951, Abruzzo per capita income or GDP was 53% of that of Northern Italy, the nation's richest region. By 1971, Abruzzo was at 65% and, by 1994, per capita income was at 76% of Northern Italy's per capita income, giving Abruzzo the highest per capita GDP of Southern Italy and surpassing the growth of every other region of Italy. The construction of superhighways from Rome to Teramo (A24) and Rome to Pescara (A25) opened Abruzzo to easy access, state and private investment in the region increased, and Abruzzo attained higher per capita education levels and greater productivity growth than the rest of the South. As of 2003, Abruzzo's per capita GDP was €19,506 or 84% of the national average of €23,181 and well outpacing that of the South (€15,808).[20] The region's average GDP per capita was approximately 20,100 EUR.[21]
The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake led to a sharp economic slowdown. However, according to statistics at the end of 2010, it seems that the economy of Abruzzo is recovering, despite the negative data regarding employment.[20] In fact, at the end of 2010, Abruzzo's growth was 1.47%, which placed it fourth among the Italian regions with the highest annual growth rates after Lazio, Lombardy and Calabria.[22] In 2011 Abruzzo's economic growth was +2.3%, the highest percentage among the regions of Southern Italy.[23] The region is also the richest region of Southern Italy, with a GDP per capita higher than any other region of southern Italy (€21,574).[10]
Abruzzo's industrial sector expanded rapidly, especially in mechanical engineering, transportation equipment and telecommunications.[24] The structure of production in the region reflects the transformation of the economy from agriculture to industry and services. Although industry has developed strongly, it retains weak points due to the existence of only a few large businesses alongside a huge fabric of small and medium-sized businesses. Both pure and applied research are carried out in the region, where there are major institutes and factories involved in research in the fields of pharmaceutics, biomedicine, electronics, aerospace and nuclear physics. The industrial infrastructure is spread throughout the region in industrial zones which have already been mentioned, the most important of which are Val Pescara, Val Sangro, Val Trigno, Val Vibrata and Conca del Fucino. A further activity worthy of note is seaside and mountain tourism, which is of considerable importance to the economy of the region.[25] Agriculture, involving small holdings, has succeeded in modernising and offering high-quality products. The mostly small, agricultural holdings produce wine, cereals, sugar beet, potatoes, olives, vegetables, fruit and dairy products. Traditional products are saffron and liquorice. Most famous in the world is Abruzzo's wine Montepulciano d'Abruzzo; in the late 20th and early 21st century, Montepulciano d'Abruzzo earned a reputation as being one of the most widely exported DOC classed wine in Italy.[26]
In the past decade, tourism has increased, in particular concerning internal and European arrivals. Abruzzo's wealth of castles and medieval towns, especially around the town of L'Aquila, has earned it in some quarters the nickname of "Abruzzoshire", by analogy with the "Chiantishire", nickname sometimes used to refer to the Chianti area of Tuscany, but Abruzzo is still off the beaten path for most visitors to Italy. The Times newspaper described Abruzzo as "the king of agrotourism".[27]
Historical population | ||
Year | Pop. | ±% |
1861 | 858,000 | — |
1871 | 906,000 | +5.6% |
1881 | 946,000 | +4.4% |
1901 | 1,070,000 | +13.1% |
1911 | 1,116,000 | +4.3% |
1921 | 1,131,000 | +1.3% |
1931 | 1,168,000 | +3.3% |
1936 | 1,202,000 | +2.9% |
1951 | 1,277,000 | +6.2% |
1961 | 1,206,000 | −5.6% |
1971 | 1,167,000 | −3.2% |
1981 | 1,218,000 | +4.4% |
1991 | 1,249,000 | +2.5% |
2001 | 1,262,000 | +1.0% |
2011 | 1,343,000 | +6.4% |
Source: ISTAT 2001 |
The population density, although it has increased over the last decades, is well below the national average. In 2008, there were in fact 123.4 inhabitants per km2 in Abruzzo, compared to a national average of 198.8. At the province level, the situation is quite varied: Pescara is the most densely populated province (260.1 inhabitants per km2 in 2008), whereas, at the other extreme, the Province of L'Aquila is the least densely populated one (61.3 inhabitants per km2 in 2008), although it has the largest area. After decades of emigration from the region, the main feature of the 1980s is the immigration from third world countries. The population increase is due to the positive net migration, as since 1991 more deaths than births were registered in Abruzzo (except for 1999, when their number was equal).[28] In 2008, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 59,749 foreign-born immigrants live in Abruzzo, equal to 4.5% of the total regional population.
The most serious demographic imbalance is between the mountainous areas of the interior and the coastal strip. The largest province, L'Aquila, is situated entirely in the interior and has the lowest population density. The movement of the population of Abruzzo from the mountains to the sea has led to the almost complete urbanisation of the entire coastal strip especially in the province of Teramo and Chieti. The effects on the interior have been impoverishment and a demographic ageing, reflected by an activity rate in the province of L'Aquila which is the lowest of the provinces in Abruzzo – accompanied by geological degradation as a result of the absence of conservation measures. In the coastal strip, on the other hand, there is such a jumble of accommodation and activities that the environment has been changed with negative effects. The policy of providing incentives for development has resulted in the setting-up of industrial zones, some of which ( (Vasto, Avezzano, Carsoli, Gissi, Val Vibrata, Val di Sangro) have made genuine progress, while others (Val Pescara, L'Aquila) have run into trouble after initial success. The zones of Sulmona and Guardiagrele have turned out to be more or less failures. Outside these zones, the main activities are agriculture and tourism.[28]
L'Aquila is both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the Province of L'Aquila and second largest city (pop. 73,000). L'Aquila was hit by an earthquake on 6 April 2009 which destroyed much of the city centre. The other provincial capitals are Pescara, which is Abruzzo's largest city and major port (pop. 123,000); Teramo (pop. 55,000) and Chieti (pop. 55,000). Other large municipalities in Abruzzo include Avezzano (pop.41,000), an industrial and high technology center, Vasto (population 40,636), Lanciano (population 36,000), and Sulmona (population 25,000) are three important industrial and touristic centers.
There are four main ports in Abruzzo: Pescara, Ortona, Vasto and Giulianova.
Over the years the Port of Pescara became one of the most important tourist ports of Italy and the Adriatic Sea. Heavily damaged in World War II, it underwent some 60 years of major restoration and was reborn as a modern marina with advanced moorings and shipbuilding facilities. It has been honored with the European Union's blue flag for the quality of services offered. The port of Pescara has lost passenger traffic because of its shallowness and silting, but its fishery and aquaculture activities are thriving.[30]
Regarding rail transport, there is a significant disparity between the Abruzzo coast and that of inland areas, very poor in terms of modernity and quality of service and waiting decades of development interventions and modernization (see in particular the Rome-Pescara line). For some routes it has reached the situation where road transport is much faster than rail, which sometimes have schedules similar to those of over a century ago, and that often leads people to use buses instead of trains.
Existing railway lines:
Road and motorway networks in the Abruzzo region are relatively well developed, there are three highways that serve the region:
Numerous infrastructure connecting adjacent junction as directional Torano it branches in the A25 to Pescara, Teramo to Giulianova on SS80, SS81 to Chieti and on the A14 Bologna-Taranto, exit on the freeway Rieti Valley Jump -Terni, exit west on SS80 to L'Aquila-Teramo, near Tivoli and the connection to the A1 motorway allows easy connections with Naples and Milan, the highway construction has contributed greatly to the economic development of the region .
The region is divided into 4 provinces:
Province | Area (km²) | Population | Density (inh./km²) |
Province of Chieti | 2,588 | 396,190 | 153.1 |
Province of L'Aquila | 5,034 | 308,876 | 61.3 |
Province of Pescara | 1,225 | 318,701 | 260.1 |
Province of Teramo | 1,948 | 308,769 | 158.5 |
The most important museum is Museo archeologico nazionale d'Abruzzo in Chieti housing the famed warrior statue Guerriero di Capestrano found in a necropolis from 6th century B.C.. Of cultural importance are the Cathedral of Teramo, its archeological museum, the Castello della Monica, the astronomical Observatory, the famous L'Aquila Basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio - with the remains of Pope Celestine V, the Museo Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Santa Maria del Suffragio, the Forte Spagnolo, the 99 Spouts fountain, Gabriele D'Annunzio's house in Pescara, the Cathedrals of Sulmona, Lanciano, Guardiagrele, Atri, Campli and Pescara along with the castles of Ortona, Celano and Ortucchio.
At L'Aquila's Santa Maria di Collemaggio every 28–29 August is celebrated the Perdonanza Celestiniana, remembering the indulgentia, issued by Pope Celestine V to any who, "truly repentant and confessed" would visit that Church from the vespers of the vigil to the vispers of the 29th August.[31] Sulmona's Holy Week is commemorated with big traditional celebrations and rituals, such as 'La Madonna che Scappa in Piazza', where a huge statue of the Madonna, carried by a group of Sulmonesi part of Confraternities, runs through the square towards her Son resurrected.[32] At Cocullo, in the province of L'Aquila, is yearly held the 'Festa dei serpari' in which the patron saint's statue covered by snakes is transported in a procession, it attracts thousands of both Italian and foreign visitors. In many Abruzzo villages in January is celebrated the Anthony the Great's feast with massive and scenic bonfires.[33] In the past, the region of Abruzzo was well known for the transumanza, the migratory movement of sheep principally south to the region of Puglia during the cold winter months.[34]The Feast of St. Biagio, the protector of the throat and of wool dealers, is the most widespread in Abruzzo. One of the most interesting and engaging rites takes place on February 3rd in Taranta Peligna where every year since the sixteenth century an evocative ritual is carried out, entailing the distribution of "panicelle", that are small loaves, made of flour and water, in the shape of a blessing hand, which are distributed to the faithful. Between the province of Teramo and L'Aquila, under the Gran Sasso Tunnel are found the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso(LNGS) of the INFN, one of the three underground astroparticle laboratories in Europe. Interamnia World Cup the largest international youth handball competition worldwide takes place on a yearly basis in Teramo. It will reach its 42nd edition in July 2014.[35]
Amongst Abruzzo historical people there are the Roman orator Asinius Pollio, Latin poets Sallust and Ovid who were born in L'Aquila and Sulmona respectively, Gaius Cassius Longinus a Roman senator and a leading instigator of the plot to kill Julius Caesar, and Pontius Pilate who was born in the province of Teramo and is best known for authorizing the crucifixion of Jesus. Abruzzo religious personalities include Saint Berardo, John of Capistrano who led a crusade against the Ottoman Empire, Thomas of Celano author of three hagiographies about Saint Francis of Assisi, Alessandro Valignano who introduced Catholicism to the Far East and Japan, and Pope Celestine V; the Polish Pope John Paul II loved the mountains of Abruzzo where he would retire often and pray in the church of San Pietro della Ienca. When he died Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz, gave the local Abruzzo community of some of the late pontiff's blood as a token of the love he had felt for the mountainous area.[36] The greateast Italian poet of the 20th century Gabriele D'Annunzio was from Pescara, other very important Abruzzo personalities in the field of humanities include poet Ignazio Silone, director Ennio Flaiano who co-wrote La dolce vita, philosopher Benedetto Croce, composer Sir Paolo Tosti and the sculptor Venanzo Crocetti.
American artists and celebrities such as Madonna, Michael Bublé, Dean Martin, Bradley Cooper, Perry Como, Henry Mancini, Rocky Marciano, Rocky Mattioli, Bruno Sammartino, Mario Batali, John and Dan Fante, Tommy Lasorda and Dan Marino publicly boasted their Abruzzo origins. Important international movies shot in Abruzzo include George Clooney's The American, Jean-Jacques Annaud's The name of the Rose, Fellini's La Strada and I Vitelloni, Schwarzenegger's Red Sonja, Ladyhawke, King David, Francesco, Keoma, The Barbarians, The Fox and the Child and Krull.
Abruzzo holds many of Italy's best-preserved medieval and Renaissance hill towns that rival those in Umbria and Tuscany. Abruzzo boasts indeed twenty of The most beautiful villages in Italy, 2nd only to Umbria that has 22.[37] These awards are not just for aesthetic beauty but also are for art and culture, historical importance and livability. The abrupt decline of Abruzzo's agricultural economy in the early to mid-20th century saved some of the region's most beautiful hill towns from the onslaught of modern development. Many lie entirely within regional and national parks so their preservation is all but guaranteed. Among the most well preserved are Castel del Monte and Santo Stefano di Sessanio, which lie in the Gran Sasso National Park on the edge of the high plain of Campo Imperatore and nestled beneath the Apennines' highest peaks; both hill towns, which were ruled by the Medicis for over a century-and-a-half, have relatively little tourism. Between the two towns sits Rocca Calascio, the ruin of an ancient fortress popular with film makers. Both Monteferrante and Roccascalegna are two best-representing Abruzzo villages in the province of Chieti. Within the Gran Sasso National Park is also found Castelli, an ancient pottery center whose artisans produced ceramics for most of the royal houses of Europe. Civitella del Tronto played a crucial role in the history of the unification of Italy. The fortress of Civitella is today the most visited monument in the whole Abruzzo region.[38] Other medieval hill towns located fully within Abruzzo's park system are Pacentro in the Maiella National Park and Pescasseroli in the Abruzzo National Park. Pacentro, which features a 14th-century castle with two intact towers, has been little touched by modernization. The Shrine of Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, in the province of Teramo, with average of 2 million visitors per year is one of the 15 most visited sanctuaries in the world.[39] Capestrano, a small characteristic town in the province of L'Aquila, is the hometown of Saint John of Capistrano, Franciscan friar and Catholic priest, as well as the namesake of the Franciscan missions San Juan Capistrano in Southern California, the mission Mission San Juan Capistrano (Texas) and the city of San Juan Capistrano in Orange County.
The proximity to Rome, the protected natural reserves and landscapes which award the region as the greenest in Europe, the presence of some of the most beautiful Italian villages, its rich and heterogeneous gastronomy along with a long history of deep-rooted local tradition and authentic Italian culture make Abruzzo rank fifth among the Italian regions by tourist arrivals after Calabria, Marche, Sardinia and Trentino. In 2010, arrivals totalled 6,381,067 Italian and 925,884 foreign.[40]
In 2013, the American organization Live and Invest Overseas included Abruzzo in the list of World's Top 21 Overseas Retirement Havens. The study was based on such factors like climate, infrastructure, health care, safety, taxes, cost of living and more.[41]
There are three universities in the Abruzzo region:
Harvard University bases an intensive summer Italian language and culture program in Vasto, a resort town on Abruzzo's southern coast.[42]
Abruzzo boasts one of the best cuisine to be found in Italy, well known for its variety and richness owing to the heterogeneity of its territory. Both the agricultural and coastal aspects of Abruzzo have contributed to its cuisine. Due to the mountains themselves, much of Abruzzo grew separated from the influence of international commerce and civilization until the 20th century. With this physical exclusion, the region's cuisine stays unique, a gastronomical heaven.[43] One of the most prominent dishes of the region is maccheroni alla chitarra. This dish is created by pressing or cutting pasta through an instrument called a chitarra, creating long thin noodles similar to spaghetti. The pasta is served with a tomato-based sauce, often flavored with peppers, pork, goose, or lamb. This dish is served with complementary regional side dishes, such as the bean and noodle soup known as sagne e fagioli. This soup is traditionally flavored with tomatoes, garlic, oil, and peperoncini. Best-known is the extra-virgin olive oil produced in Colline Teramane (Teramo hills), marked by the quality level DOP and considered one of the best in the country [44] Renowned wines like Montepulciano DOCG and Trebbiano d'Abruzzo DOC are considered amongst the world's finest wines.[45] In 2012 a bottle of Trebbiano d'Abruzzo ranked #1 in the top 50 Italian wine award.[46]
In 2013 the Italian organization Confesercenti led a research which indicated Abruzzo as the best region where to eat in Italy according to foreign tourists ratings.[47]
Other popular dishes include:
Across the region, roast lamb is enjoyed in several variations. Some of these variations include:
Seafood also plays a role in the cuisine of Abruzzo, especially in those areas located closer to the coast. The variety of fish available to the area has resulted in several fish-based Brodetti (broths), coming from such places as Vasto, Giulianova, and Pescara. These broths are often created by cooking the fish in an earthenware pot, and flavored with tomatoes, herbs, and peperoncino.
Rustic pizzas are also very common. Some of these are:
Also from Teramo are the spreadable sausages flavored with nutmeg, liver sausages tasting of garlic and spices. The ventricina from the Vasto area is made with large pieces of fat and lean pork, pressed and seasoned with powdered sweet peppers and fennel and all encased in the dehydrated stomach of the pig itself. Atri and Rivisondoli are famous for cheeses. Mozzarella, either fresh or seasoned, made from ewe's milk, although a great number of lesser known varieties of these cheeses can be found all over Abruzzo and Molise.
The sweets of Abruzzo are famous throughout the world. Some of the better known include:
The region is also well known for the production of typical liquors such as Centerbe, Limoncello, Ratafia and Genziana.
The regional accents of Abruzzo include Teramano, Abruzzese Orientale Adriatico and Abruzzese Occidentale. The first two form part of the dialect of southern Italy also known simply as "Neapolitan" due to the region having been part of the Kingdom of Naples and the Two Sicilies, while the Italian of L'Aquila Province is related to the Osco-Umbro dialect of central Italy, including the one of Rome. The dialects spoken in the Abruzzo region and can be divided into three main groups:
Apollo Butterfly in Gran Sasso
Lake Scanno
Maiella massif
Ponte sul mare in Pescara
Ortona seaside
Prati di Tivo ski slopes
Duomo of Teramo
L'Aquila 99 Spouts Fountain
San Bernardino Basilica in L'Aquila
Lanciano basilica
Church of SS Annunziata in Sulmona
Shrine of Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abruzzo. |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Abruzzo. |


text: Hand-blown clear glass lends a ripple of detail to the belly of our honey pot, which lets the honey's golden hue show through. A divot in the ball-topped lid stabilizes the wooden dipper, which has a classic beehive tip. Dishwasher safe. 8-oz. cap., 5 1/4" high; 5 1/2" long dipper. Made in China. A Williams-Sonoma exclusive.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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The prestigious Silver Oak Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon 2009, with ratings in the 90s, is beautifully presented alongside two additional fine wines and award-winning gourmet indulgences such as Auberge Brie and Ghirardelli's Mango Sunset Bar.
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text: The Pirate Cinema Transforms Film Torrents Into Illicit Interactive Art By Angela Watercutter | Thursday May 30, 2013 Share on Facebook0 Tweet Think file transfers aren't art? Think again. Tags: Art, Design and Fashion, bittorrent, Blade Runner, Brendan Howell, Copyright, Grey's Anatomy, Movies, Nicolas Maigret, P2P, Photo Galleries, Television, The Pirate Cinema Discuss | Permalink


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Jon Connor - Mavin Gaye & Chardonnay (Freestyle)
Mavin Gaye & Chardonnay (Freestyle) Jon Connor
Have you heard Jon Connor's new track Mavin Gaye & Chardonnay (Freestyle)? It dropped on Wednesday, August 31st, 2011.
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Rollo, didn't you start with a G26, go through a SP101 (maybe others) and then go back to a G26? Was there an XD in there somewhere?
I notice a period of adjustment when switching guns. I'd be inclined to go to a Glock .45, as I'm a Glock 9mm shooter. If I had an XD 9mm then I'd be inclined to go with another XD in .45. I think the grass may look greener on the other side, and a new platform/new caliber can look pretty attractive, but if I'd stick to the platform I've already been carrying for years. Just a thought. I haven't shot an XD, and I'm not you. You probably thought of this already.
In any case I'd hang on to my G26 if I were you.


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Eye-play: Diamond Table by Matt W. Moore (Core Deco) presents an optical illusion from every angle, realized in select hardwoods: white oak, mahogany, and black walnut.
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(Click the images below for full sized images)
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Pyramid Terrarium
Source: Via MOCO Submit.


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Dream Journal 10, Driven-CrazyDream Journal 10 by Driven-CrazyDream Journal 10, Driven-Crazy6 years ago in Articles & Interviews More Like This
I'm standing beside a wooded road, unable to find my way home when an old man comes along and gives me directions to take a dirt path deeper into the woods. I follow his advice only to realize I'm now traveling with a male companion totally different from the old man. The path leads us beneath the roots of a massive tree. We are forced onto our stomachs to crawl beneath the roots and must dig out some of the soil to make room for us. The scent of wet soil is strong in my nostrils. A claustrophic sense consumes me. The path under the tree leads us out next to an azure lake that is such a vivid, ethereal shade of blue it takes my breath away.
We continue our journey onto a broad path between large trees when suddenly, we're caught up in a herd of stampeding dinosaurs. At this point, I am separated from my companion. There are other, carnivorous lizards that I must escape from when I notice other fleeing people who tell me they are trying to find the last


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| Home | Advertise with Us | Circulation | Contact Us | About Us | Send a Letter to the Editor |
Trempealeau County and its fire departments have had a long-standing history of community involvement. For years, the departments and community members have supported one another in fundraising for worthy causes. This year, BBBS Seven Rivers Region wanted to highlight that involvement and increase fundraising in the county with a new approach.
We were looking for a big fundraiser that would reach across the county and bring in more money to serve more families, Porter explained. The fire departments have been involved in the big Bowl for Kids Sake yearly fundraiser for a very long time. Even though this is a great event, it wasnt bringing in enough money.
Porter explained that more than 50 percent of the money utilized by BBBS Seven Rivers Region is raised through community support, not grants. After pitching the idea of a firefighters' calendar during a meeting with fire department officials in late spring, Porter was given the go-ahead. In July, she hit the road and traveled the length of the county capturing stunning images of firefighters battling controlled burns, standing near overturned cars, and showing off their brute strength.
I saw every back road in Trempealeau County and I went to places that Ive never even heard of before, Porter said of the three-month-long photography adventure that took her from Winona to the northern tip of Trempealeau County, and everywhere in between. By the time I shot the last department in October, Id say I put in about 60 hours of driving.
However, pre-production, Porter explained, consumed the majority of her time after returning home. She captured more than 4,000 shots and had to narrow it down to a select few.
The photos had to be sorted and processed, then I had to crop them and develop them into the calendar layout, she said. I also collected the important dates in Trempealeau County and placed them throughout the calendar. Altogether, that took probably 130 hours.
The completed product is a culmination of months of planning and photographing, and features the brave faces of real neighborhood heroes and heroines. While some departments took the traditional route of donning reflective, flame retardant uniforms, others took the opportunity to flash their muscles. The photos in the calendar demonstrate the pride each firefighter has for his or her job.
Im filled with a lot of respect for the firefighters that I worked with and I found them to be extremely good sports. It was just impressive, she said. I know for a lot of them it was difficult and took them out of their comfort zone. But, Im grateful that they trusted me to make them look good."
The calendars are available for $15 at any United Bank in Trempealeau County with proceeds split between the BBBS Seven Rivers Region and the 13 fire departments.
This was one of those projects that is a win for everyone, Porter said. It's a community building project and connects the firefighters to the people they serve. These men and women are real people heroes and they are dedicated to their jobs.
BBBS Seven Rivers Region is a United Way member agency and brings life-changing friendships to children throughout the cities of Winona, La Crosse, Black River Falls, and Trempealeau County, and Vernon County.
For more information or to purchase the calendar online, visit the BBBS Seven Rivers Region website. http:/www.7riversbbbs.org/


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Mike Goodson I believe is a Free Agent and he was pretty good. Would you be against bring him back to be J. Stewarts back and change of pace back?
I think it would be a good idea. I liked Mike Goodson and was disappointed we let him go.
LMFAO...yea, lets bring back Everett Brown and Otah too while we're at it...the dude was a major bone job and when we drafted him everybody was like, ooowww, yea baby. he stinks.


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I'm back.
Some of you won your bet.
But I am a kinder, gentler Blunt.
I checked the archives and find most of my old posts kind of embarrassing.
The period of time wherewithin I was constantly foaming at the mouth and criticizing Isthmus was when I felt snubbed by jjoyce (every POST was a pitch; my whole LIFE is a performance audition), lost everything TWICE in two home floods, my mom was dying (which is why I went back to Spokane) but pretty much mostly because ephedrine was still legal. I have calmed down a little since then.
Of course, I still think Isthmus should give me a weekly column but I won't rant angrily about it anymore. I still hate REM for fooling kids into thinking country was cool and stealing two songs from me: "End of the World" and "Kenneth, What's the Frequency." I still find the Go Go's overrated but can't believe how worked up I got about it. And I'm not even annoyed with ProfWags or BookPolice anymore.
I am back to being calm and chemically balanced.
There will be no more exclamation points.
You may have wondered why I wasn't posting here anymore.
Since I can only observe what I see and my perspective is the one I have easiest access to, it went with me when I moved back to the mighty Pacific Northwest. But I am coming back.
Spokane is over for me. I do not like it. I never did. Now I want more than anything to return to Madison, my true home. I miss it and you all with an unresolved passion. I am trying with all my might to somehow scrape enough money to come back.
If any of you want to help, send me one or a thousand dollars to firstname.lastname@example.com Use PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/webapps/mpp/send-money-online
It would be fun and I would like you.
I promise any contributions will be used for the trip and not drugs or drink.
Until then: hello again.


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Distribution of Metals in the Edible Plants Grown at Jajmau, Kanpur (India) Receiving Treated Tannery Wastewater: Relation with Physico-Chemical Properties of the Soil
- S. Sinha,
- A. K. Gupta,
- K. Bhatt,
- K. Pandey,
- U. N. Rai,
- K. P. Singh
- … show all 6 hide
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The implications of metal contamination of agricultural soils due to long term irrigation with treated industrial wastewater and their subsequent accumulation in the vegetables/crops growing on such soils has been assessed in an area of industrial complex, Jajmau, Kanpur (India). Physico-chemical properties of the soil were also studied. The soil and vegetables/crops were sampled from an area of 2100 acre agricultural land and analyzed for physico-chemical properties and metal accumulation in different parts of the plants. The comparison of the data of physico-chemical properties of control and contaminated soil showed that salinity, electrical conductivity, available phosphorous, sodium and potassium content (both water soluble and exchangeable) were found high in contaminated soil. The analysis of plant available metal content in the soil showed the highest level of Fe, which ranged from 529.02 to 2615 μg g−1 dw and lowest level of Ni (3.12 to 10.51 μg g−1 dw). The analysis of the results revealed that accumulation of toxic metal Cr in leafy vegetables was found more than fruit bearing vegetables/crops. Thus, it is recommended that the leafy vegetables are unsuitable to grow in such contaminated sites. It is important to note that toxic metal, Ni was not detected in all the plants. The edible part of the vegetables (under ground) such as, garlic (19.27 μg g−1 dw), potato (11.81 μg g−1 dw) and turmeric (20.86 μg g−1 dw) has accumulated lowest level of toxic metal, Cr than leafy and fruit bearing vegetables. In some fruit part of vegetables such as, bitter gourd, egg plant, jack tree, maize and okra, the accumulation of Cr was not detected and may be grown in this area.
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- Tripathi, R. M., Raghunathan, R. and Krishnamoorthy, T. M.: 1997, 'Dietary intake of heavy metals in Bombay city, India', Sci. Total Environ. 208, 149–159. CrossRef
- Trichopoulos, D.: 1997, 'Epidemiology of Cancer', in: V. T. DeVita (ed), Cancer, Principles and Practice of Oncology. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, pp. 231–258.
- Van Assche, F. and Clijsters, H.: 1990, 'Effect of metals on enzyme activity in plants', Plant Cell Environ. 13, 195–206. CrossRef
- Verloo, M. and Eeckhout, M.: 1990, 'Metal speciation transformations in soil: An analytical approach', Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. B 39, 179–186.
- Voo, M. S. and James, B. R.: 2002, 'Zinc extractability as a function of pH in organic waste- amended soil', Soil Sci. 167, 246–259. CrossRef
- Voutsa, D., Grimanis, A. and Samara, C.: 1996, 'Trace elements in vegetables grown in an industrial area in relation to soil and air particulate matter', Chemosphere 94, 325–335.
- Williams, D. E., Vlamis, J., Purkite, A. H. and Corey, J. E.: 1980, 'Trace element accumulation movement, and distribution in the soil profile from massive application of sewage sludge', Soil Sci. 1292, 119–132.
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- Title
- Distribution of Metals in the Edible Plants Grown at Jajmau, Kanpur (India) Receiving Treated Tannery Wastewater: Relation with Physico-Chemical Properties of the Soil
- Journal
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Volume 115, Issue 1-3 , pp 1-22
- Cover Date
- 2006-04-01
- 10.1007/s10661-006-5036-z
- Print ISSN
- 0167-6369
- Online ISSN
- 1573-2959
- Publisher
- Kluwer Academic Publishers
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- crops
- metals
- physico-chemical parameters
- soil
- vegetables
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- S. Sinha (1)
- A. K. Gupta (1)
- K. Bhatt (1)
- K. Pandey (1)
- U. N. Rai (1)
- K. P. Singh (2)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation, Environmental Sciences Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001, India
- 2. Environmental Chemistry Section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, 226001, India


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Healthier Living
Your home is the one place you believe to be a healthy and safe environment for the family to live in and grow. Yet, so many of us live in homes that are neither energy efficient, nor designed and built to create a healthy living atmosphere and are harmful to the environment because of the amount of carbon emissions produced from the space and water heating systems utilized.
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Alex Black, President, CEO & Director
Alex Black lives in Lima, Peru and has 30 years' experience in the mining industry. Mr. Black holds a BSc in Mining Engineering from the University of South Australia and is a member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Prior to moving to Peru in 2000, Mr. Black was the founder and Managing Director of international mining consulting services group Global Mining Services from 1994 to 2000. In 1996, Mr. Black also founded and was Chairman of OFEX listed AGR Limited with exploration projects in Ghana and Mongolia. In 2002, Mr. Black took control of Chariot Resources Limited as a listed TSXV shell and played a key role in the acquisition of the Marcona Copper Project and formation of the Korean joint venture with Chariot Resources. Upon his resignation as Chairman & Executive VP of Chariot Resources in 2006, Mr. Black returned to Peru and founded the Peruvian registered Rio Alto S.A.C. Mr. Black was the Chief Executive Officer, President and a director of Rio Alto prior to the acquisition of the company by Mexican Silver Mines (since renamed Rio Alto Mining Limited).
Kathryn Johnson, CFO
Ms. Johnson is a Chartered Accountant and holds a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and History from the University of British Columbia. Ms. Johnson joined the Rio Alto team, based in Vancouver, in December 2011. Prior to this, Ms. Johnson was the Corporate Controller at Petaquilla Minerals and a senior associate in the Audit and Assurance Group of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
Eduardo Loret de Mola, COO
Mr. Loret de Mola is a Mining Engineer with a Master's Degree in Mining Economy from the University of Minnesota and has over 35 years' experience in executive and management positions in operations, planning and commissioning of mining and exploration projects in Peru and abroad. While working for Trafigura Group he was Corporate Manager for the Latin American Technical Division, General Manager of their two on-going operations in Peru, General Manager of Empresa Minera del Caribe (Cuba) and General Manager for the Latin American Mining Division. He was also Corporate Operative Excellence Manager and International Operations Manager for Hochschild Mining PLC. Additionally, Mr. Loret de Mola has provided high level consulting services to foreign investors and international organizations in the mining operations, environmental and community relations areas, and creation of investor alliances with local companies, and pursuit of strategic partnerships for the execution of projects, feasibility studies and financial evaluations.
Augusto Chung, VP Projects
Mr. Chung is an experienced Peruvian Metallurgical Engineer with extensive experience in mining project management, development and construction in Peru and throughout the Americas. Most recently, Mr. Chung was General Manager of Compania Minera Milpo, a leading Peruvian polymetallic producer and prior to Milpo, Mr. Chung held several senior management positions with Barrick Gold Corporation in Peru, Chile and Dominican Republic including project manager for the construction of the Lagunas Norte Gold Mine.
Paul Tweddle, VP Finance/ Commercial
Mr. Tweddle brings extensive knowledge and experience from various sectors of the mining and metals industry. Most recently, he assisted in the evaluation and acquisition of mining operations as well as serving on the investment management committee of LW Funds' Natural Resource Fund, specializing in identifying mining investment opportunities. Prior to working in the mining sector, Mr. Tweddle was the Global Macro Strategist at Dunheath Capital; a macro hedge fund specialized in commodities with a metals focus. He has also worked as a physical base and precious metals trader, a risk manager at a copper semi manufacturer, and a trader of futures and options on both precious and base metals. Mr. Tweddle holds an MBA from the Yale School of Management and a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration with a major in Accounting and Finance from the University of Washington.
Jaime Soldi, VP Peru Corporate Affairs
Jaime Soldi, was General Manager of Rio Alto's subsidiary, Rio Alto S.A.C until March 31, 2011. Prior to joining Rio Alto, from 2003 to 2008, Mr. Soldi was a director and General Manager of Andes Resources Cia. Minera S.A.C. and Marcobre S.A.C., both Peruvian subsidiaries of TSX listed Chariot Resources Limited. During this time, Mr. Soldi spent 2 years as the Chairman of the Board of Marcobre S.A.C. and was a key member of the development team for the Marcona Copper Project located in Peru. Prior to joining Chariot Resources Limited in Peru, Mr. Soldi was an executive and consultant of several businesses in the mining and hydrocarbon sectors in Peru. Mr. Soldi specialized in implementing business strategies, administration, environmental and government legislation, and other administrative activities related to the exploration and development of mining operations in Peru and other countries in the region. From 1994 to 1998, Mr. Soldi was the Administrative Manager of Phelps Dodge Exploration in Peru, and subsequently became corporate advisor for North Limited of Australia, IMA Exploration of Canada, and in 2002 was a founding member of the team that established Chariot Resources activities in Peru. Mr. Soldi has also been a consultant to international institutions such as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank on matters related to environmental legislation and sectorial politics related to the mining industry in Peru and other countries in South America.
Tim Williams, VP Operations
Mr. Williams has over 18 year's international experience in the mining industry, in Australia, Tanzania and Peru. For the past two years, Mr. Williams has been an operations manager for various joint venture mining contracts operated by the GyM - Stracon JV. GyM (Graña y Montero) S.A. is Peru's largest multi-disciplined provider of engineering and construction services with extensive experience throughout Latin America. STRACON provides civil construction and contract mining services in New Zealand and Peru. Mr. Williams previous employment roles include, Geotechnical Superintendent at AngloGold Ashanti Limited's Geita Gold Mine located in Tanzania and Senior Geomechanics Engineer at Western Mining Corporation's Leinster Nickel Operations located in Australia. From 1996 to 2000, Mr. Williams was a Senior Consultant with Australian Mining Consultants Pty Ltd based in Perth, Australia, focussed on providing management and operational advice to a number of mining operations, both open pit and underground, throughout Australia. Mr. Williams holds a Bachelor of Engineering (Mineral Exploration and Mining Geology), Master of Engineering Science (Mining Geomechanics) and a Graduate Diploma in Mining, all obtained from the Western Australian School of Mines, Australia.
Enrique Garay, VP Geology
Mr. Garay has over 22 years experience in the precious and base metal resource industry with a focus on both exploration and mine geology. Mr. Garay is a Qualified Person (QP) as defined by the Canadian National Instrument 43-101 guidelines, possesses strong skills in the assessment of base and precious metal mineralized systems and has worked throughout Peru and has been involved in the assessment of various mining projects in Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina and Ecuador. He has been employed by several mining companies including Barrick Gold Corporation, Hochschild Mining PLC, Trafigura and Consorcio Minero Horizonte S.A. From 1996 to 2004, Mr. Garay contributed to the resource definition work at Barrick Gold Corporation's, multi-million ounce Pierina Gold Mine located in Peru and was the project's Chief Mine Geologist. Mr. Garay holds a Bachelor's Degree in Science with a major in Geology from the National Engineering University, Lima and an M. Sc. Mineral Exploration from Queens University, Canada.
Dr. Javier Fernandez Concha-Stucker, L.L.B., VP Social & Legal
Is a lawyer graduated from Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, studies on a Master degree of justice system and a degree in English Language from the American English Institute, Oregon University,Eug ene-USA. Mr. Fernandez Concha has practised law in Peru for over 25 years. He worked at Sulliden at the Shahuindo Project since 2003 and became Sulliden´s Country Manager in 2006 until July 2014. He was in charge and leading the legal dispute, settlement and execution of the Shahuindo project from 2006-2009. He was also responsible for all the Peruvian activities on the positive development of the Shahuindo project from 2009-2014.
Alfredo Diaz, VP Administration & Human Resources
Mr. Diaz is a senior management executive with more than 18 years' experience with local and internal companies in the natural resources, consumer staples, pharmaceuticals and commercial airlines industries. His experience includes company start-ups, winding up of operations, crisis management and sale of operations. He was the Corporate Manager of Human Resources and Social Responsibility for the mining division of Grupo Trafigura in Peru for seven years. Mr. Diaz has an Industrial Engineering Degree from INCAE Business School and Postgraduate Studies with Universidad de Piura and Escuela de Negocios ESAN.
Juan Rodriguez, General Manager La Arena S.A.
Juan Rodriguez is a mining engineer with extensive operational experience in Peru. Prior to joining Rio Alto in 2008, Mr. Rodriguez was Manager Operations for Compania Minera San Simon S.A., the owner of the La Virgen gold oxide dump leach mining operation located 10km south of La Arena. At La Virgen, Mr. Rodriguez was responsible of all mining activities and the incremental expansion of production over 3 years from 3,000 tpd ore to pad to 24,000 tpd ore to pad, the current throughput of the mine. Prior joining Comania Minera San Simon S.A., from 1988 to 2002, Mr. Rodriguez worked in various operational capacities for Sociedad Minera El Brocal S.A.A. at its El Brocal open pit polymetalic mine in central Peru.
Alejandra Gomez, VP Corporate Communications
Alejandra Gomez, Trad.a./C.Tran. has 20 years' experience as an English-Spanish translator specializing in the areas of securities and natural resources in South America. She is a Certified Member of the Society of Translators and Interpreters of British Columbia and Certified Member of the Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council by affiliation. Mrs. Gomez has worked for Canadian oil and gas and natural resources companies since 1998. She was Regulatory Filing Officer for Grove Energy Limited from 1998 to 2007 and is currently Corporate Secretary of Statesman Resources, an oil and gas company listed on the TSXV.


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Newhallville Pastor Finds Message In Newtown
by Paul Bass | Dec 16, 2012 4:24 pm
(1) Comment | Commenting has been closed | E-mail the Author
Posted to: Newhallville, News From The Pews
Two scenes appeared on screen from massacres of schoolchildren, one in South Africa 26 years ago, one in Connecticut two days ago.
"God!" thundered the reverend below. "Why did you allow something like this to happen?"
Rev. Jason Turner asked that question Sunday from the pulpit of Community Baptist Church in New Haven's Newhallville neighborhood.
He displayed scenes from the slave trade, from a Southern lynching, from the Holocaust, from the 1976 massacre of some 200 Soweto schoolchildren by the apartheid South African government. Then he showed the instantly iconic photograph of children being led from Newtown's Sandy Hook Elementary School this past Friday morning after a gunman killed 20 little children, six adults, then himself.
At moments like these, Turner declared while facing the packed pews at one of New Haven's bedrock black churches, "we put God in the interrogation room. We ask God for his alibi."
Turner didn't end up producing that alibi Sunday morning. He did end up linking the suffering in Newtown to a historical thread of evil to which his congregation could relate. And he challenged people in their everyday lives to create, through small decisions, the kind of world where such inexplicable evil, such inexplicable violence, can be held at bay.
In the process, Turner offered a glimpse of how a tragedy that took place in a suburban Connecticut community looks to an African-American community 25 miles—and in some ways a world—apart.
Quoting sources ranging from Grandmaster Flash and Marvin Gaye to Gov. Dannel Malloy and the biblical author of Psalm 46, Turner proclaimed that evil had once again paid a visit through an unspeakable tragedy.
"These were children and adults who were not in the wrong place at the wrong time," he noted to murmurs of assent. "They were not out trying to sell drugs. They were not out on the streets menacing people. They were at school where they were supposed to be. These adults were at their place of employ. And here comes evil into their midst. And I can only describe how I feel like many of you as if the wind is knocked out of me, as if my world has been rocked. And now I am left almost speechless."
Ultimately, Turner confessed, "I don't know why" God allowed the massacre to happen.
Turner does know, he told the Shelton Avenue congregation, that everyone present can play a role in reversing a culture of violence that not only claimed dozens of young lives in Newtown this week but also claims young lives on the streets of cities like New Haven all too regularly. At this point he was citing Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Jesus Christ. He told his flock: "Turn the other cheek." "Love your enemies." "Stop picking fights and arguing!"
"We all in our ways, if we are not careful, perpetuate violent and aggressive behavior instead of trying to live like Jesus to foster a culture of peace," Turner argued. "Y'all don't want to hear this this morning. If you want peace, you have to be peaceful. I'm not talking about passive aggressive. Some of you feel like just because you didn't say anything, that's not aggressive behavior. But if you want peace, you have to be peaceful. ...
"Stop arguing! Stop cussing! Stop being argumentative! You ought to cultivate a culture of peace. Parents and children, stop arguing with each other! …
"Do your part to bring peace in the world! We don't always need policy. We don't always need an act of Congress. If you make up in your mind, if you're going to stop perpetuating a culture of violence in your home and in our community."
The congregation clapped, sang, bowed heads in prayer, hugged, called out "Yes sir!" and "Come on now," listened with rapt expressions, at times wiped away tears during Sunday's two-hour service. They responded as their minister made his plea for peace in the face of unfathomable violence. That violence touches all of our communities in different ways, he suggested. And it offers everyone a chance to resist responding with violence, to heed God's wishes to make a more peaceful world.
His sermon lasted around 20 minutes, 20 minutes of a cry from the heart for a more loving world. Click on the play arrow on the video at the top of the story to watch highlights of Turner's sermon. And read on for an abridged version of what he told Newhallville (including the Malloy, Gaye, and Grandmaster Flash references) two mornings after evil showed its deadly face to Connecticut.
From Trayvon To Newtown
From Rev. Turner's sermon:
There are moments throughout human history in each generation that knock the wind out of us and leave us speechless. Moments such as the transatlantic slave trade and the Middle Passage, where millions of Africans were taken from the continent of Africa, packed onto ships like sardines, which took months to sail across the Atlantic Ocean. Many did not make the trip. Those that did were worked like animals and brutalized at any sign of defiance.
There are moments that knock the wind out of us and leave us speechless like the post-Reconstruction period, this reign of terror [with] groups such as the KKK, when blacks of this nation were lynched for things as trivial as looking at a white woman.
There are those moments like the Holocaust when six million Jews were murdered behind a twisted and sick ideology of ethnic cleansing by the Nazi regime. Where Jews were led to the concentration camps and killed in gas chambers, and if they weren't, they were worked to death.
And there are moments such as the massacre of youth in Soweto, South Africa, in the late '60s who were protesting being taught in a language different than their own but who were gunned down by the apartheid government. And one of the youths named Hector Pieterson fell dead that day. But when he was picked up and carried from the street, his limp body was photographed and went around the world.
And there are moments like this past Friday at 9:30 a.m. when a shooter forced their way into the Sandy Hook school in Newtown, Connecticut, killing six adult women and 20 innocent children. Whether you described it as barbaric ... shocking, or cowardly, the irony is quite clear. These were children and adults who were not in the wrong place at the wrong time.
They were not out trying to sell drugs. They were not out on the streets menacing people. They were at school where they were supposed to be. These adults were at their place of employ. And here comes evil into their midst. And I can only describe how I feel lie many of you as if the wind is knocked out of me, as if my world has been rocked. And now I am left almost speechless.
The immediate question that I believe that we all raised is how can someone do something like this. ...
While other countries in this world have very few deaths that come as a result of gun violence, we have an epidemic of violence in this nation. We even have laws where people have not only the right to not only own a gun, but the right to take other people's lives in the name of standing our ground. Then on the other hand we have stop and frisk laws which give police powers to racially profile black youth and search them for guns. And I wouldn't have a problem with such laws if we applied them across racial lines equally. Just as they stop the black youth with a hoodie and jeans, they should stop and frisk the white youth buying large quantities of ammunition and high-powered assault rifles.
It was apparent and evident there's something wrong in these yet to be United States of America. Just think about it. Just this year alone Trayvon Martin killed by George Zimmerman. The mass murder of moviegoers in Aurora, Colorado. The shooting at a mall in Oregon earlier this week. Think about in the city of Chicago alone that at the end of October ... there were over 400 murders not including those who were just wounded by gunfire. Not to mention the number of persons killed in this five-by-five square mile city we call New Haven.
Not only do we ask these practical questions: How could someone do something like this? And what's wrong with America? But people of faith, we put God in moments like this in the interrogation room and begin ask God for not just answers, but we begin to ask God for his alibi. We ask, "Where were you, God, on Friday morning at 9:30 a.m.? After all, you are everywhere at the same time. I mean, we call you omnipresent." We ask the almighty, we ask God, "Why did you allow something like this to happen? After all, you are all-powerful. There's nothing that you can't do. Were you somewhere on vacation, God? Maybe you were shopping int he mall this holiday season?"
We ask question after question. But let's be honest with ourselves today. No answer would be satisfactory.
The governor of this state said it quite candidly when he said, "Evil visited this community today." This might not explain much of anything. It's not a motive. But it's true that evil is a reality in this world. And I dare you to prove me otherwise. The reality is look throughout history, and you can see how evil has shown its ugly face in the course of human history, from the Garden of Eden when evil came slithering as a snake that tempted Adam and Eve to eventually fall from grace all the way down to the time of Apostle Paul when he tells us, "Evil is always present." ...
The relevant question is this: When evil invades our lives, who can we turn to? Here's the take-home truth. If you don't get anything else, here's the take-home truth: At times when we feel we have lost control, God is is still in control. And we ought to trust him even when it seems that evil has gotten the best of us. ...
I know people were saying the past two days after that shooting we need to put prayer back into schools. Y'all, that ain't enough. They mean well, but what about teaching your children how to live the way the God they're praying to wants them to live? Because we all in our ways, if we are not careful, perpetuate violent and aggressive behavior instead of trying to live like Jesus to foster a culture of peace. Y'all don't want to hear this this morning. If you want peace, you have to be peaceful.
I'm not talking about passive aggressive. Some of you feel like just because you didn't say anything that's not aggressive behavior. But if you want peace you have to be peaceful. We need a Matthew Chapter Five kind of Faith. ...
I tell you not to resist an evil person. But whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also. Y'all don't want to hear this. Y'all want to be able to come out of here and say, "Pastor said if somebody hits you, you ought to strike them back." Y'all wanna leave here today with permission that if somebody cusses you, you ought to cuss them back. But ... Jesus says to us, if somebody strikes you, you turn the other cheek.
Listen, when you have a difficult time with someone, stop picking fights and argument … I say to you, Love your enemies. Bless those who curse you. Do good to those who hate you. Pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you … Mahatma Ghandi and Martin Luther king Jr. [preached] nonviolent direct action. … You can confront injustice and evil people who cause it without being violent, but learning sometimes to love the hell out of them.
Stop arguing! Stop cussing! Stop being argumentative! You ought to cultivate a culture of peace. Parents and children, stop arguing with each other! … Do your part to bring peace in the world! We don't always need policy. We don't always need an act of Congress. If you make up in your mind, if you're going to stop perpetuating a culture of violence in your home and in our community
What I'm trying to say, if there is peace in God, and if God is a god of peace, and we are his children, we need to begin to live the peace we want to see in our world.
People like us who are asking like Marvin Gaye, "What's going ?" People like us who feel like Grandmaster Flash, "Don't push, because I'm close to the edge. " People like you and me who wonder will the violence ever end. …
I don't know why those children had to die like they did. I don't understand why God didn't stop it. I don't know why evil still exists in the world. But it is a reality. But whatever happens, I know that God is still in control! There are some things I may not know. There are some places I cannot go. But there are good news here today. I'm sure God is real, for I can feel him in my soul! Yes, God is real. He's real in my soul!
Tags: Sandy Hook, Newtown massacre, Rev. Jason Turner, Community Baptist Church
Post a Comment
posted by: Threefifths on December 16, 2012 6:04pm
Black minster need to go back to our gods of africa and our history.After the horrendous sea voyage from Africa, slaves were separated and placed on plantations.Way before the establishment of Christianity slaves looked to their own system of belief, brought from their individual African tribal communities. The African religions were religions of spirit, not of doctrine. In fact to maintained their beliefs the slaves had to hide their gods and let the master think that they were worshipping the saints.But the slaves were following there gods from The Seven African Powers.
Also how come Black minster are not talking about 42 Principles of Maat 2000 years before Ten Commandments.
Even Desmond Tutu said this.When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land. They said "Let us pray." We closed our eyes. When we opened we had the Bible and they had the land.


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The majority of restaurant fires originate on the kitchen cooking appliances and flare into the kitchen exhaust system. Regular maintenance of a facilities kitchen exhaust system is one of the best defenses against fire hazards. By keeping these systems working at their best, they will evacuate the smoke and grease out of the building and produce a cleaner, cooler kitchen and better working environment for staff.According to National Fire Protection Association Standard 96, kitchen exhaust systems should be inspected by a properly trained, qualified and certified company or individual.
OneCall™ Ventilation also offers specials that work with customer's individual needs. Our maintenance Services specials, said OneCall's owner, completely restructures a cleaning process according a client's needs. The Emergency Cleaning division has staff working directly with the client to clean and repair hoods and fans in order to ensure a client's success. Employees will even take a client's instructions, provided those instructions are within the constraints of the law and good public health policies and established guidelines.