text:
Keeping kids safe is the top priority of AFT member Sue Graves, a safety coordinator for the Lincoln County public schools in Oregon. Right after the tragedy in Newtown, the U.S. Department of Education called on Graves to fly to Connecticut to speak at a symposium for about 850 educators and school staff who wanted to strengthen their emergency plans. "You can't just give a school a plan and say 'Let's go.' It should be customized," Graves says.
Read more about how AFT members like Graves are helping to safeguard our children
More than half of all workers say they intend to stay on the job longer than they want to as a way to keep their health insurance, according to new research by the Employee Benefit Research Institute. The actual experience of retirees suggests that may be wishful thinking: Only 19 percent of retirees say they were able to work longer to continue receiving health insurance through their jobs, the EBRI report says.
Check out the Washington Post story
Make your voice heard. Urge Congress to avert sequestration and develop instead a balanced approach that includes revenue increases; protects Social Security, Medicaid and Medicare; and does not harm the middle class, or destroy investments in programs that help our economy grow, such as education, infrastructure improvements and job training.
Click here to contact your senators and representative
The National Federation of Nurses, which represents 34,000 registered nurses across the country, has affiliated with the AFT, whose 1.5 million members include more than 48,000 nurses and thousands of other healthcare professionals. This new partnership between the NFN and the AFT solidifies and builds on the unity of AFT members wherever they work—and is a major step for our union, for nurses, for patients and for patient care.
"The NFN decision is a vote of confidence in the AFT as a voice for professionals," says AFT president Randi Weingarten. "The NFN is the largest independent union of nurses, and we are delighted they have chosen to become part of our family of shared interests and professional values."
Read more about the affiliation
Check out the coverage by the New York Times and the Huffington Post
President Obama's immigration reform plan, proposed on Jan. 29, provides a compassionate, comprehensive pathway to citizenship for 11 million undocumented immigrants who currently reside in the United States, AFT president Randi Weingarten says. "The president's blueprint for reform and the U.S. Senate bipartisan framework show an understanding that our nation has always been enriched by immigrants and strengthened by the diversity they bring," she says. The AFT supports commonsense reform of immigration laws and, at the same time, has called for protections for the rights of immigrant workers recruited under various work visa programs. Some have been exposed to exploitation and abuse.
View the AFT's entire statement
Read the call for protecting recruited workers' rights
Sign on to support commonsense immigration reform
Read Randi's New York Times column on AFT.org
The National Consumers League is relaunching its website Fraud.org. The new website includes an updated search function for consumers; content that is easily shareable via social networks so that consumers can quickly pass along fraud warnings; the ability to sign up for regular fraud alerts to help consumers stay abreast of emerging scams; and the ability for consumers who have been victims of fraud or have been approached by scammers to file complaints through the site's secure online complaint form.
Today, nearly $4 trillion is held in defined-benefit pension funds in our country on behalf of American workers for their retirement. Amassed by these hard-working employees through their deferred wages, the funds and the benefits that come from these pension accounts represent a social promise that when individuals are ready to retire, they will have the financial security to live in dignity the rest of their lives.
Read more at AFT.org
Keeing our kids safe
Working longer to pay for healthcare
AFT welcomes the National Federation of Nurses
AFT applauds immigration reform plan
Investing in our best interests
Nancy Guemes: "What makes me most sad is the damage being done to a generation of students who are over-tested, burned out by age 8 and actively dislike 'learning,' because it's not learning."
Visit AFT on Facebook
© American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO. All rights reserved.


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Start learning with our library of video tutorials taught by experts. Get started
Discover how to create an app-like experience for iPad with HTML, CSS, and jQuery, while bypassing the need for Objective-C or the App Store.
"You guys have helped change my life forever. I'm so very grateful." —Donni R.
more from our members »

subset: commoncrawl


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12 Fabulous Picnic Craft Ideas + Restaurant Copycat Recipes
Bonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy
Country Garden Plant Stakes
Label all your garden goodies with these Country Garden Plant Stakes from Amanda Formaro. These sweet garden crafts are perfect for labeling what's in your garden, and when packaged with some seeds and gardening gloves, these make a great housewarming gift!
- 3″ wood heart
- 12″ wooden dowel
- Acrylic paint in antique white and contrasting color of your choice
- Crackle medium
- Craft pens
- Material scraps
- White craft glue (Tacky glue)
- Matte finish sealer spray
- Basecoat the wooden heart and the dowel with antique white (or with contrasting color depending on the look you want, the basecoat will show through the cracks) and let dry completely. Apply crackle medium according to directions (to the heart only), a medium coat works well. Allow it to dry for 15-25 minutes, until tacky but not completely dry. Next apply a medium coat of your contrasting color over the crackle, do not excessively brush! One or two strokes is enough. Let dry, crackle will begin to work within minutes.
- Once the contrasting color is completely dry, you can use craft pens to draw on square patches or small hearts, or draw stitch marks around the outer edges of your heart. Use the pens to write the herb and flower names on using this font pattern.
- When dry, glue the dowel to the back of the heart. Tie a piece of scrap material in a bow or a knot around the dowel, just below the bottom of the heart. Apply two coats of matte finish sealer spray, allow 15 minutes between coats.
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A330s come to AviancaTaca amid cargo push
AviancaTaca has ordered four A330-200 freighters from Airbus, making it the first Latin American carrier to commit to the freighter. Tampa, AviancaTaca's cargo subsidiary, will operate the craft starting in December of next year.
Officials at Tampa will phase out their current freighters, replacing them with the new Airbus craft. They also hope the new freighters will help them expand their international routes. According to Airbus, eight A330-200 freighters are in operation in the Middle East, Europe and Asia. Ten customers have a combined 61 additional aircraft on order.
The order comes amid a cargo expansion for Tampa. Earlier this month, Tampa executives acquired a Boeing 767-300 F-ER. Tampa already operates four Boeing 767-200 ER SF craft, and the addition of the new plane increased Tampa's cargo capacity by 32 percent. Airline workers have also helped expand Tampa's storage space at El Dorado Airport's international cargo terminal by more than 200 percent, which includes a significant increase in the carrier's available cold-chain storage space. Tampa has also implemented a new cargo management system, Sky Chain.
Fabio Villegas Ramirez, AviancaTaca's CEO, explained that each change — from ordering freighters to introducing Sky Chain — is intended to increase the carrier's presence in the cargo industry.
"Air transportation plays a key role in the dynamic exchange between countries and regions. Given this and the growing demand for capacity for freight transportation in the north-south-north centers of the Americas, and from there to other continents, we have taken the decision to make a strong bet on this side of our business," Villegas Ramirez said in a statement. "We want both importers and exporters in the region to see AviancaTaca as an optimal partner to help them meet their business goals."
What Are Your Thoughts?
* Disclaimer: Please note that libellous or offensive comments are not allowed.


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AT&T's SXSW iPhone debacle (and do-over)
Call it a case of iPhone-anticipation fail.
The upwardly connected attendees at the Interactive portion of this month's South by Southwest conference (SXSW) arrived in Austin, Texas, to a most unwelcome sight – iPhones with little or no signal.
The culprit: AT&T, the exclusive [official] service provider for Apple's whiz-bang wireless phone, had underestimated the demand a gathering of so many geeks – thousands of them, according to anecdotal reports – would put on the wireless network. The result was dropped calls, sluggish data services, and a steady Twitter stream of complaints.
Wired and Silicon Alley Insider ran stories on the outages, reporting on new services being rolled out that were essentially dead in the water, because their functionality depends on wireless connectivity. But the steady stream of Twitter complaints may have been the driving force behind what happened next.
AT&T responded by doubling capacity in and around Austin Sunday, releasing this statement:
To accommodate unprecedented demand for mobile data and voice applications at SXSW, we are actively working this afternoon to add capacity to our cell sites serving downtown Austin. These efforts are ongoing, but we anticipate that customers should see improved network performance this evening and for the remainder of the event. We will continue to monitor network performance throughout the event, and will do everything possible to maximize network performance throughout. We apologize to customers who were inconvenienced during this surge in local network demand.


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TomKat was spotted in Beverly Hills on Sunday with daughter Suri in tow.
Suri Spotted At LAX
TomKat Can't Dance!
Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes were completely Rhythmless Nation as they attempted to "dance" onstage at the Ocean Drive Magazine Super Bowl Party in Miami on Saturday night. T.C tried to freak dance on Kat will J.Lo and Marc Anthony screamed and screeched through a love ballad. Check out the footage here: http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid285859616?bclid=294430730&bctid=474435373
Tom Cruise Is Killing Katie's Career
Katie Holmes is having problems finding work because of her marriage to kooky Tom Cruise and her Scientology faith, according to Hollywood snitches.


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quote: Its silly to combine what they did when they were out of their primes and what they did out of their primes.
quote:This means nothing to me.
quote:If that's Biggio's better skill, he can have it.
quote:Lineup dependent. Chipper got on base at a higher rate, and had more total bases in far fewer PAs. He hit in the middle of the order, not the top. If he hit leadoff for most of his career like Biggio, he would have more runs scored. His nearly 500 RBI (also lineup dependent) advantage more than makes up for it, anyhow.
quote:Better at every skill? No. Better at most every skill? Yes.
quote:But to me, the numbers are completely in his favor, and I don't think that's me being a homer.
quote:OK, but he was still better at it.
quote:hipper was a single or a home run.
quote:I don't think you're being a homer, I just think you're being extraordinarily anti-Astro,
quote:Biggio, along with Joe Morgan, is the grand champion of little things. Those little things add up. Biggio was so good at all of the tiny things that eventually it turns into something big. It's the best way to be underrated, other than do everything well and not one thing outstanding.... which is another thing Biggio did.
quote:MUCH better fielder, MUCH better base runner and considering the positions got on base equally well. Its close Chipper definitely had a longer prime but give me Biggio
quote:And gap power is important. Chipper could hit it out of the park, but Biggio was actually a better spray hitter. He hit line drives with authority and used his speed to pick up bases. Chipper was a single or a home run. Biggio was anything. I don't think it's enough to offset Chipper's huge homer edge, but it does have significance.
quote:I agree. I hate bunting too. I'm the high priest of Bunting sucks. But if you're gonna do it, might as well be good at it. And Biggio was better at it.
quote:Sure, Chipper was a better "run producer" in an RBI sense. And it does offset Biggio's huge advantage in scoring runs. But that's not the argument presented. the argument was "Chipper is better at everything". And that's not true. Biggio was a MUCH better "table setter" than Chipper. Chipper was a better middle of the order hitter.
quote:But that's not the argument presented. the argument was "Chipper is better at everything"
quote:Ba ha ha you can have your biggio. Can't believe this is serious lol.
quote:Chipper was a single or a home run.
quote:And watching Biggio the last few years of his career try to yank every god damn pitch 318' to left field was pathetic!!
quote:. He was actually a more valuable player at his peak than Chipper was.
quote:Chipper is the Derek Jeter of the South
quote:But chipper is the bigger legend


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Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
We report results for gray wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (C. latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), skunks (mostly Mephitis mephitis, but also Spilogale putorius), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and bobcats (Felis rufus). These species have been monitored elsewhere with scent stations and embody diverse physical and behavioral adaptations that may affect the usefulness of scent-station surveys. Where possible, we present P-values to enable readers to judge statistical significance for themselves; where unavoidable, we infer significance from P ≤ 0.05. Many biologists, however, consider the consequences of Type II errors more serious than those of Type I errors when testing for population trend and are thus willing to accept Type I error rates much greater than P = 0.05 (up to P = 0.20 for scent-station data; Zielinski and Stauffer 1996).
We analyzed 2 indices: (1) the proportion of stations (station index), and (2) the proportion of lines (line index) within a biogeographic section (section; Fig. 1) at which a species was detected. For some goodness-of-fit tests, data were grouped by county within section (when section boundaries subdivided counties, each portion was treated separately). When calculating annual means for the entire state, we corrected for nonrandom sampling by weighting results for each section in proportion to its area. Because of the limited geographic extent and small sample size of the South Superior section, results were combined with those of the West Superior section. Visitation rates were estimated 2 ways: (1) from the entire dataset, and (2) with the geographic extent of surveys restricted to sections where species were detected at least once.
For each species, we used linear regression to compare the rank order of index values with the temporal ordering of surveys and thereby determine whether index values exhibited sustained increasing or decreasing trends. We included section, year, and their interaction in regression models and tested statewide trends when interactions were nonsignificant. We tested trends separately for each section when interactions were detected. We also plotted indices against time to check for evidence of non-monotonic trends with management significance.
The binomial distribution is sometimes regarded as a statistical model for the number of scent stations visited (Sumner and Hill 1980, Diefenbach et al. 1994, Smith et al. 1994). For each species and county, we computed expected numbers of lines receiving i = [0,...,10] visits from a binomial distribution and the average visitation rate. Summing across counties gave expected values of a multinomial distribution with 11 cells, with the frequency in cell i corresponding to the numbers of lines receiving i = [0,...,10] visits. We used chi-square goodness-of-fit tests to compare field data to expected values. Significant differences implied local spatial heterogeneity of visitation rates or spatial correlations among visits, and hence inadequacy of the binomial distribution as a model for visitation for the species in question. This method was also used to compare observed numbers of lines visited per county with expected values computed from section-specific visitation rates. We present results obtained after combining number-of-visits categories until expected values exceeded 5, which assured chi-square distributions for test statistics (Sprent 1989), but combining categories did not affect conclusions. To safeguard against Type II errors, we used Fisher's inverse chi-square test (Hedges and Olkin 1985) to determine whether P-values were uniformly distributed when the null hypothesis could not be rejected for any species.
We used indicator variograms (Rossi et al. 1992) to examine spatial correlations among visits to scent stations. We excluded data collected during 1992-93 from this analysis because they were provided in a format that did not distinguish the position of stations within lines. We also excluded lines receiving <2 visits in a year because they did not provide information about spatial relations among multiple visits. We used remaining data to plot average squared differences between results (1 = visit, 0 = no visit) for stations within lines and years against 480-m separation intervals ranging from 480 to 4,320 m. Because average squared differences are larger when data are independent than when they are positively spatially correlated, trends in variograms provided visual evidence if correlations were related to the distance between stations (Rossi et al. 1992).
We simulated data similar to those Smith et al. (1994) would have obtained if their population estimates were correct, distributional assumptions of their logistic analyses were met, and raccoons visited scent stations at a rate linearly related to population size. Although Smith et al. (1994) included data from 20 surveys in their analyses, we simulated only 14 surveys. We omitted 6 consecutive surveys conducted during winter, when raccoons never visited scent stations. We set Sj to correspond to the number of stations and Nj to correspond to the estimated population size for survey j. The binomial probability, PNj, was linearly related to Nj, by the equation
and where xi was the number of visits, Si was the number of stations, and i was the estimated size of the raccoon population for the ith survey. Thus, was the average number of visits observed per raccoon per station. Finally, we used Sj, PNj to generate datasets of 14 binomial [BIN(Sj, PNj)] random variables, . Simulated data did not vary seasonally, so we did not incorporate seasonal effects in our model, but otherwise used the same methods of analysis as Smith et al. (1994). Distributions of Spearman's rank correlations and of P-values for logistic analyses were estimated by analyzing 10,000 simulated datasets generated by the RANBIN function of SAS (SAS Institute 1988).
The second experiment we reevaluated was conducted by Diefenbach et al. (1994), who introduced bobcats onto Cumberland Island, Georgia, during September of 1988. Diefenbach et al. (1994) conducted 14 scent-station surveys as the population expanded from periodic introductions of additional bobcats and, after the first year, from reproduction as well. They used linear regression to relate inverse visitation rates (1/rate) to estimates of bobcat abundance after deleting 1 survey considered an outlier. We used the same data and multiple regression to determine whether the relation between inverse visitation rates and estimated abundance (Diefenbach et al. 1994) could be explained as plausibly by confounding factors that differed between 2 time periods (before 28 Feb and after 11 Sep, 1989). During the first time period, the bobcat population included only recently introduced individuals. During the second time period, the bobcat population included adults from the original introduction and their progeny, in addition to recently introduced animals. We compared models with respect to explained variation and adherence to assumptions of multiple regression.


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Sierra Vista Mall is a combo ticket outlet for Hobb's Grove. To purchase combo tickets stop by the Customer Service Booth at center court. Customer Service is open Monday - Friday 11am to 8pm, Saturday 11am to 7pm and Sunday 11am to 6pm.
Home | Mall Employment | Partnerships | Contact Us | Leasing Information
Copyright © 2006 - Sierra Vista Mall Clovis California, All Rights Reserved. Web Design & Hosting by Netricks Inc.


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A smartphone (or smart phone) is a mobile phone with an advanced operating system.[1][2][3] Smartphones typically include the features of a phone with those of other popular mobile devices, such as personal digital assistant, media player and GPS navigation unit. Most have a touchscreen interface and can run third-party apps, and are camera phones. Later smartphones add broadband internet web browsing, Wi-Fi, motion sensors and mobile payment mechanisms.
In February 2014, 93% of mobile developers were targeting smartphones first for app development.[4] In 2014, sales of smartphones worldwide topped 1.2 billion, which is up 28% from 2013.[5]
Early years[edit]
Devices that combined telephony and computing were first conceptualized by Theodore G. Paraskevakos in 1971 and patented in 1974, and were offered for sale beginning in 1993. He was the first to introduce the concepts of intelligence, data processing and visual display screens into telephones which gave rise to the "smartphone." In 1971, Paraskevakos, working with Boeing in Huntsville, Alabama, demonstrated a transmitter and receiver that provided additional ways to communicate with remote equipment, however it did not yet have general purpose PDA applications in a wireless device typical of smartphones. They were installed at Peoples' Telephone Company in Leesburg, Alabama and were demonstrated to several telephone companies. The original and historic working models are still in the possession of Paraskevakos.[6]
The first mobile phone to incorporate PDA features was an IBM prototype developed in 1992 and demonstrated that year at the COMDEX computer industry trade show. A refined version of the product was marketed to consumers in 1994 by BellSouth under the name Simon Personal Communicator. The Simon was the first cellular device that can be properly referred to as a "smartphone", although it wasn't called a smartphone in 1994.[8][9][10] In addition to its ability to make and receive cellular phone calls, Simon was also able to send and receive faxes and e-mails and included several other apps like address book, calendar, appointment scheduler, calculator, world time clock, and note pad through its touch screen display. Simon is the first smartphone to be incorporated with the features of a PDA[11]
The term "smart phone" appeared in print in 1995, for describing AT&T's "PhoneWriter(TM) Communicator" as a "smart phone".[12]
In the late 1990s, many mobile phone users carried a separate dedicated PDA device, running early versions of operating systems such as Palm OS, BlackBerry OS or Windows CE/Pocket PC.[1] These operating systems would later evolve into mobile operating systems.
In 1996, Nokia released the Nokia 9000 which combined a PDA based on the GEOS V3.0 operating system from Geoworks with a digital cellular phone based on the Nokia 2110. The two devices were fixed together via a hinge in what became known as a clamshell design. When opened, the display was on the inside top surface and with a physical QWERTY keyboard on the bottom. The personal organizer provided e-mail, calendar, address book, calculator and notebook with text-based web browsing, and the ability to send and receive faxes. When the personal organizer was closed, it could be used as a digital cellular phone.
In June 1999, Qualcomm released a "CDMA Digital PCS Smartphone" with integrated Palm PDA and Internet connectivity, known as the "pdQ Smartphone".[13]
In early 2000, the Ericsson R380 was released by Ericsson Mobile Communications,[14] and was the first device marketed as a "smartphone".[15] It combined the functions of a mobile phone and a personal digital assistant (PDA), supported limited web browsing with a resistive touchscreen utilizing a stylus.[16]
In early 2001, Palm, Inc. introduced the Kyocera 6035, which combined a PDA with a mobile phone and operated on Verizon. It also supported limited web browsing.[17][18]
Smartphones before Android, iOS, and Blackberry, typically ran on Symbian, which was originally developed by Psion. It was the world's most widely used smartphone operating system until Q4 2010.
Mass adoption[edit]
In 1999, the Japanese firm NTT Docomo released the first smartphones to achieve mass adoption within a country. These phones ran on i-mode, which provided data transmission speeds up to 9.6 kbit/s.[19] Unlike future generations of wireless services, NTT Docomo's i-mode used cHTML, a language which restricted some aspects of traditional HTML in favor of increasing data speed for the devices. Limited functionality, small screens and limited bandwidth allowed for phones to use the slower data speeds available.[20]
The rise of i-mode helped NTT Docomo accumulate an estimated 40 million subscribers by the end of 2001. It was also ranked first in market capitalization in Japan and second globally. This power would wane in the face of the rise of 3G and new phones with advanced wireless network capabilities.[21]
Outside of Japan smartphones were still rare, although throughout the mid-2000s, devices based on Microsoft's Windows Mobile started to gain popularity among business users in the U.S. The BlackBerry later gained mass adoption in the U.S., and American users popularized the term "CrackBerry" in 2006 due to its addictive nature.[22] The company first released its GSM BlackBerry 6210, BlackBerry 6220, and BlackBerry 6230 devices in 2003.[23]
Symbian was the most popular smartphone OS in Europe during the mid- and late 2000s. Initially, Nokia's Symbian devices were focused on business, similar to Windows Mobile and BlackBerry devices at the time. From 2006 onwards, Nokia started producing entertainment-focused smartphones, popularized by the Nseries. In Asia, with the exception of Japan, the trend was similar to that of Europe.[citation needed]
iPhone & Android[edit]
In 2007, Apple Inc. introduced the iPhone, one of the first mobile phones to use a multi-touch interface. The iPhone was notable for its use of a large touchscreen for direct finger input as its main means of interaction, instead of a stylus, keyboard, or keypad typical for smartphones at the time.[24] 2008 saw the release of the first phone to use Android called the HTC Dream (also known as the T-Mobile G1).[25][26] Android is an open-source platform founded by Andy Rubin and now owned by Google.[27][28] Although Android's adoption was relatively slow at first, it started to gain widespread popularity in 2010, and now dominates the market.
These new platforms led to the decline of earlier ones. When Microsoft, for instance, started a new OS from scratch, in the form of Windows Phone, Nokia abandoned Symbian and partnered with MS to use Windows Phone on its smartphones. Windows Phone then became the third-most-popular OS. Palm was bought by Hewlett-Packard, turned into webOS which became Open webOS and later sold to LG Electronics. Research in Motion also made a new system from scratch, BlackBerry 10.
The capacitive touchscreen also had a knock-on effect on smartphone form factors. Before 2007 it was common for devices to have a physical numeric keypad or physical QWERTY keyboard in either a candybar or sliding form factor. However, by 2010, there were no top-tier smartphones with physical numeric keypads.
The future[edit]
- In 2013, the Fairphone company launched its first "socially ethical" smartphone at the London Design Festival to address concerns regarding the sourcing of materials in the manufacturing.[29]
- In late 2013, QSAlpha commenced production of a smartphone designed entirely around security, encryption and identity protection.[30]
- In December 2013, the world's first curved-OLED technology smartphones were introduced to the retail market with the sale of the Samsung Galaxy Round and LG G Flex models.[31] Samsung phones with more bends and folds in the screens are expected this year.[32]
- Foldable OLED smartphones could be as much as a decade away because of the cost of producing them. There is a relatively high failure rate when producing these screens. As little as a speck of dust can ruin a screen during production. Creating a battery that can be folded is another hurdle.[33]
- A clear thin layer of crystal glass can be added to small screens like watches and smartphones that make them solar powered. Smartphones could gain 15% more battery life during a typical day. The first smartphones using this technology should arrive in 2015. This screen can also work to receive Li-Fi signals and so can the smartphone camera.[34] The cost of these screens per smartphone is between $2 and $3, much cheaper than most new technology.[35]
- Near future smartphones might not have a traditional battery as their sole source of power. Instead, they may pull energy from radio, television, cellular or Wi-Fi signals.[36]
- In early 2014, smartphones are beginning to use Quad HD (2K) 2560x1440 on 5.5" screens with up to 534 ppi on devices such as the LG G3 which is a significant improvement over Apple's retina display. Quad HD is used in advanced televisions and computer monitors, but with 110 ppi or less on such larger displays.[37]
- As of 2014, Wi-Fi networks are much used for smartphones. As Wi-Fi becomes more prevalent and easier to connect to, Wi-Fi phones service will start to take off.[38][39][40]
- Since 2013, water and dustproofing have made their way into mainstream high end smartphones instead of specialist models with the Sony Xperia Z continuing through the Sony Xperia Z3 and also from other manufacturers with the Samsung Galaxy S5.[41]
- One problem with smartphone cameras is still the focus, but LG G3 Beat with Laser Focus has 8 points of focus. To focus what appears in the LCD, touch the object on screen to focus on it and the other positions will be 'bokeh'.[42]
- Some smartphones can be categorized as high-end point-and-shoot cameras with large sensor up to 1" with 20 Megapixels and 4K video. Some can store their pictures in proprietary raw image format, but the Android (operating system) 5.0 lollipop serves open source RAW images.[43][44]
- Modular smartphones are projected, in which users can remove and replace parts.
Mobile operating systems[edit]
Android is an open-source platform founded in October 2003 by Andy Rubin and backed by Google, along with major hardware and software developers (such as Intel, HTC, ARM, Motorola and Samsung) that form the Open Handset Alliance.[27][28] In October 2008, HTC released the HTC Dream, the first phone to use Android.[25][26] The software suite included on the phone consists of integration with Google's proprietary applications, such as Maps, Calendar, and Gmail, and a full HTML web browser. Android supports the execution of native applications and third-party apps which are available via Google Play, which launched in October 2008 as Android Market. By Q4 2010, Android became the best-selling smartphone platform.[45]
In 2007, Apple Inc. introduced the iPhone, one of the first mobile phones to use a multi-touch interface. The iPhone was notable for its use of a large touchscreen for direct finger input as its main means of interaction, instead of a stylus, keyboard, or keypad as typical for smartphones at the time.[24] In July 2008, Apple introduced its second generation iPhone with a much lower list price and 3G support. Simultaneously, they introduced the App Store, which allowed any iPhone to install third-party native applications. Featuring over 500 applications at launch,[46] the App Store eventually achieved 1 billion downloads in the first year, and 15 billion by 2011.[47][48]
Windows Phone[edit]
In February 2010, Microsoft unveiled Windows Phone 7 with a User Interface inspired by Microsoft's "Metro Design Language", to replace Windows Mobile. Windows Phone 7 integrates with Microsoft services such as Microsoft SkyDrive, Office, Xbox and Bing, as well as non-Microsoft services such as Facebook, Twitter and Google accounts. This software platform runs the Microsoft Mobile smartphones, and has received some positive reception from the technology press and been praised for its uniqueness and differentiation.[49][50][51]
Firefox OS[edit]
Firefox OS (originally called the boot to gecko project) was demonstrated by Mozilla in February 2012. It was designed to have a complete community based alternative system for mobile devices, using open standards and HTML5 applications. The first commercially available Firefox OS phones were ZTE Open and Alcatel One Touch Fire. As of 2014 more companies have partnered with Mozilla including Panasonic (which is making a smart TV with Firefox OS) and Sony.[52]
Sailfish OS[edit]
The Sailfish OS is based on the Linux kernel and Mer.[53] Additionally Sailfish OS includes a partially or completely proprietary multi-tasking user interface programmed by Jolla. This user interface differentiate Jolla smartphones from others.[54] Sailfish OS is intended to be a system made by many of the MeeGo team, which left Nokia to form Jolla, utilizing funding from Nokia's "Bridge" program which helps establish and support start-up companies formed by ex-Nokia employees.[55][56][57]
Tizen is a Linux-based operating system for devices, including smartphones, tablets, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) devices, smart TVs, laptops and smart cameras. Tizen is a project within the Linux Foundation and is governed by a Technical Steering Group (TSG) composed of Samsung and Intel among others. In April 2014, Samsung released the Samsung Gear 2 and the Gear 2 Neo, running Tizen.[58] The Samsung Z1 is the first smartphone produced by Samsung; it was released in the Indian market on 14 January 2015.[59]
Ubuntu Touch[edit]
Ubuntu Touch (also known as Ubuntu Phone) is a mobile version of the Ubuntu operating system developed by Canonical UK Ltd and Ubuntu Community.[60] It is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
In 1999, RIM released its first BlackBerry devices, providing secure real-time push-email communications on wireless devices. Services such as BlackBerry Messenger provide the integration of all communications into a single inbox. There are 80 million active BlackBerry service subscribers and the 200 millionth BlackBerry smartphone was shipped in September 2012.[61] Most recently, RIM has undergone a platform transition, changing its name to BlackBerry and making new devices on a new platform named "BlackBerry 10."[62]
Symbian was originally developed by Psion as EPOC32. It was the world's most widely used smartphone operating system until Q4 2010, though the platform never gained popularity or widespread awareness in the U.S., as it did in Europe and Asia. The first Symbian phone, the touchscreen Ericsson R380 Smartphone, was released in 2000,[63][64] and was the first device marketed as a "smartphone".[65] It combined a PDA with a mobile phone.[66] In February 2011, Nokia announced that it would replace Symbian with Windows Phone as the operating system on all of its future smartphones, with the platform getting abandoned throughout the following few years.[67]
Windows Mobile[edit]
Windows Mobile was based on the Windows CE kernel and first appeared as the Pocket PC 2000 operating system. Throughout its lifespan, the operating system was available in both touchscreen and non-touchscreen formats. It was supplied with a suite of applications developed with the Microsoft Windows API and was designed to have features and appearance somewhat similar to desktop versions of Windows. Third parties could develop software for Windows Mobile with no restrictions imposed by Microsoft. Software applications were eventually purchasable from Windows Marketplace for Mobile during the service's brief lifespan. Windows mobile was phased out in favor of Windows Phone.
Palm OS[edit]
In late 2001, Handspring launched the Springboard GSM phone module with limIn. In May 2002, Handspring released the Palm OS Treo 270 smartphone, that did not support Springboard, with both a touchscreen and a full keyboard. The Treo had wireless web browsing, email, calendar, a contact organizer and mobile third-party applications that could be downloaded or synced with a computer.[68] Handspring was purchased by Palm, Inc which released the Treo 600 and continued releasing Treo devices with a few Treo devices using Windows Mobile. After buying Palm in 2011, Hewlett-Packard (HP) discontinued its webOS smartphone and tablet production.[69]
The Bada operating system for smartphones was announced by Samsung in November 2009.[70][71] The first Bada-based phone was the Samsung Wave S8500, released in June 2010.[72][73][74] Samsung shipped 4.5 million phones running Bada in Q2 of 2011.[75] In 2013, Bada merged with a similar platform called Tizen.
Application stores[edit]
The introduction of Apple's App Store for the iPhone and iPod Touch in July 2008 popularized manufacturer-hosted online distribution for third-party applications (software, computer programs) focused on a single platform. Up until that point, smartphone application distribution depended on third-party sources providing applications for multiple platforms, such as GetJar, Handango, Handmark, and PocketGear.
Following the success of the App Store, other smartphone manufacturers launched application stores, such as Google's Android Market in October 2008 and RIM's BlackBerry App World in April 2009.
One of the main characteristics of smartphones is their screen. It usually fills virtually the entire phone surface; screen size usually defines the size of a smartphone. They are measured in diagonal inches, starting from 2.45 inches.[76] Phones with screens larger than 5.2 inches are called "phablets". Smartphones with screens over 4.5 inches commonly are moved around in the hand or used with both hands, since the average thumb cannot reach the entire screen surface. Types of screen include LCD, LED, OLED, AMOLED, IPS and others.
Smartphone usage[edit]
In the third quarter of 2012, one billion smartphones were in use worldwide.[77] Global smartphone sales surpassed the sales figures for features phones in early 2013.[78] As of 2013, 65 percent U.S. mobile consumers own smartphones.[79] The European mobile device market as of 2013 is 860 million.[80] In China, smartphones represented more than half of all handset shipments in the second quarter of 2012[81] and in 2014 there were 519.7 million smartphone users, with the number estimated to grow to 700 million by 2018.[82]
As of November 2011, 27% of all photographs were taken with camera-equipped smartphones.[83] A study conducted in September 2012 concluded that 4 out of 5 smartphone owners use the device to shop.[84] Another study conducted in June 2013 concluded that 56% of American adults now owned a smartphone of some kind. Android and iPhone owners account for half of the cell phone user population. Higher income adults and those under age 35 lead the way when it comes to smartphone ownership.[85]
Worldwide shipments of smartphones topped 1 billion units in 2013 (up 38% from 2012's 725 million) while comprising a 55% share of the mobile phone market in 2013 (up from 42% in 2012).[86]
By manufacturer[edit]
Source | Date | Samsung | Apple Inc. | Huawei | Xiaomi | Lenovo | LG | Others | References |
Gartner | Q3, 2014 | 24.4% | 12.7% | 5.3% | 5.2% | 5.0 | 47.5% | [87] | |
Gartner | Q4, 2013 | 29.5% | 17.8% | 5.7% | 1.5% | 4.6% | 4.5% | 37.9% | [89] |
In 2011, Apple had the highest shipment market share. In 2013, Samsung had 31.3% market share, a slight increase from 30.3% in 2012, while Apple was at 15.3%, a decrease from 18.7% in 2012. Huawei, LG and Lenovo were at about 5% each, significantly better than 2012 figures, while others had about 40%, the same as the previous years figure. Only Apple lost market share, although their shipment volume still increased by 12.9 percent; the rest had significant increases in shipment volumes of 36 to 92 percent.[90] In Q1 2014, Samsung had a 31% share and Apple had 16%.[91] In Q4 2014, Apple had a 20.4% share and Samsung had 19.9%.[5]
By operating system[edit]
The market has been dominated by the Android operating system since 2010. Android's market share (measured by units shipment) rose from 33.2% in Q4 2011 to 78.1% of the market in Q4 2013. Apple managed to oscillate their market share between 15% to 20.9% during the same period. BlackBerry's market share fell from 14.3% in Q4 2011 to 0.6% in Q4 2013. MS Windows Mobile market share rose from 1.5% to 3% during the same time frame.[92]
As of the end of Q3 2014, Android was the most popular operating system, with a 84.4% market share, followed by iOS with 11.7%, Windows Phone with 2.9%, BlackBerry with 0.5% and Others with 0.6%.[93]
Historical sales figures, in millions[edit]
Year | Android (Google) | iOS (Apple) | Windows Mobile/Phone (Microsoft) | BlackBerry (formerly RIM) | Symbian (Nokia) | Palm/WebOS (Palm/HP) | Bada (Samsung) | Other |
2007[94] | 3.3 | 14.7 | 11.77 | 77.68 | 1.76 | |||
2008[94] | 11.42 | 16.5 | 23.15 | 72.93 | 2.51 | |||
2009[95] | 6.8 | 24.89 | 15.03 | 34.35 | 80.88 | 1.19 | ||
2010[96] | 67.22 | 46.6 | 12.38 | 47.45 | 111.58 | |||
2011[97] | 219.52 | 89.26 | 8.77 | 51.54 | 93.41 | 9.6 | 14.24 | |
2012[98] | 451.62 | 130.13 | 16.94 | 34.21 | 15.9 | 47.20 | ||
2013[98] | 758.72 | 150.79 | 30.84 | 18.61 | 8.82 | |||
Smartphones have issues besides those affecting other mobile telephones.
Battery life[edit]
Compared to earlier non-smartphones, smartphone battery life has generally been poor and a significant drain on customer satisfaction.[102][103][104]
A University of Southern California study found that unprotected adolescent sexual activity was more common amongst owners of smartphones.[105] A study conducted by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's (RPI) Lighting Research Center (LRC) concluded that smartphones, or any backlit devices, can seriously affect sleep cycles.[106]
A "patent war" between Samsung and Apple started when the latter claimed that the original Galaxy S Android phone copied the interface—and possibly the hardware—of Apple's iOS for the iPhone 3GS.
With the rise in number of mobile medical apps in the market place, government regulatory agencies raised concerns on the safety of the use of such applications. These concerns were transformed into regulation initiatives world wide with the aim of safeguarding users from untrusted medical advice.[107]
Smartphone malware is easily distributed through an insecure app store.[108][109] Often malware is hidden in pirated versions of legitimate apps, which are then distributed through third-party app stores.[110][111] Malware risk also comes from what's known as an "update attack", where a legitimate application is later changed to include a malware component, which users then install when they are notified that the app has been updated.[112]
One out of three robberies in 2012 in the United States involved the theft of a mobile phone. An online petition has urged smartphone makers to install kill switches in their devices.[113]
Apps have been created to help users who may be in a dangerous situation, by providing immediate assistance.
Using smartphones late at night can disturb sleep, due to the brightly lit screen affecting melatonin levels and sleep cycles.[114][115][116][117][118]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
The following table compares the sizes of all Apple smartphones and a selected number of Samsung smartphones.
Brand | Name | Screen Size (Diagonally) | Note |
Apple | iPhone (1st generation) | 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) | |
iPhone 3G | 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) | ||
iPhone 3GS | 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) | ||
iPhone 4 | 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) | ||
iPhone 5 | 4 inches (10 cm) | [119] | |
iPhone 5C | 4 inches (10 cm) | [120] | |
iPhone 5S | 4 inches (10 cm) | [121] | |
iPhone 6 | 4.7 inches (12 cm) | [122] | |
iPhone 6 Plus | 5.5 inches (14 cm) | [122] | |
Samsung | Galaxy Spica | 3.2 inches (8.1 cm) | |
Galaxy S | 4 inches (10 cm) | ||
Galaxy S II | 4.3 inches (11 cm) | ||
Galaxy S III | 4.8 inches (12 cm) | ||
Galaxy S III Mini | 4 inches (10 cm) | ||
Galaxy S4 | 5 inches (13 cm) | ||
Galaxy S4 Mini | 4.27 inches (10.8 cm) | ||
Galaxy S5 | 5.1 inches (13 cm) | ||
Galaxy S5 Mini | 4.5 inches (11 cm) | ||
Galaxy S6 | 5.1 inches (13 cm) | ||
Galaxy Note (original) | 5.3 inches (13 cm) | ||
Galaxy Note II | 5.5 inches (14 cm) | ||
Galaxy Note 3 | 5.7 inches (14 cm) | ||
Galaxy Note 4 | 5.7 inches (14 cm) | ||
Galaxy Note Edge | 5.6 inches (14 cm) | ||
Galaxy Alpha | 4.7 inches (12 cm) | ||
Galaxy Mega | 6.3 inches (16 cm) |
Other terms[edit]
"Phablet", a portmanteau of the words phone and tablet, describes smartphones with larger screens.[123][124]
"Superphone" is also used by some companies to market phones with unusually large screens and other expensive features.[125][126]
See also[edit]
- BlackBerry thumb
- Camera phone and videophone
- Comparison of smartphones
- Dumbphone
- List of digital distribution platforms for mobile devices
- Media Transfer Protocol
- Mobile broadband connectivity
- Mobile Internet device (MID) and personal digital assistant (PDA)
- Mobile operating system
- Mobile phone
- Second screen
- Screen protector
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Simon was the first smartphone. Twenty years ago, it envisioned our app-happy mobile lives, squeezing the features of a cell phone, pager, fax machine, and computer into an 18-ounce black brick.
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...It is at this point that early usability test participants met impasse. The switch connected to our "smart phone" is expecting the typical "dumb end-point"... AT&T's PhoneWriter was demonstrated at the 1993 Comdex Computer Show...
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- ^ Your next phone may charge and receive data through this incredible screen, Digital Trends, 19 January 2014, Jeffrey Van Camp
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- ^ Feb 26 2013 (2013-02-25). "Sony Mobile Plans to Release Firefox OS Devices by 2014". Mozilla Philippines. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
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in Authors list (help) - ^ "Jolla OS Will Run Android Apps Says CEO Jussi Hurmola".
- ^ "Many former Nokia employees start businesses of their own", Helsingin Sanomat
- ^ Lunden, Ingrid. "Nokia Bridge: Nokia's Incubator Gives Departing Employees €25k And More To Pursue Ideas That Nokia Has Not". techcrunch.com. techcrunch.com. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ^ Tung, Liam. "Inside Nokia Bridge: How Nokia funds ex-employees' new start-ups". zdnet.com. © 2013 CBS Interactive. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ^ Techradar (2014-02-23). "Samsung's wrist reboot: Gear 2 and Gear 2 Neo unveiled". Techradar. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
- ^ Jon Russell. "Samsung Launches Its First Tizen-Powered Phone, The Z1, In India For $92". Retrieved 15 January 2015.
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- ^ 100 millionth BlackBerry smartphone shipped in June 2010
- ^ Kevin McLaughlin (December 17, 2009). "BlackBerry Users Call For RIM To Rethink Service". CRN.com. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ "PDA Review: Ericsson R380 Smartphone". Geek.com. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ "Symbian Device – The OS Evolution" (PDF). Independent Symbian Blog. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ "Ericsson Introduces The New R380e". Mobile Magazine. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ Brown, Bruce. "Ericsson R380 World, Review & Rating". PCMag.com. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ "Nokia, Microsoft in pact to rival Apple, Google – Technology & Science". CBC.ca. Associated Press. 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ Stephen H. Wildstrom (November 30, 2001). "Handspring's Breakthrough Hybrid". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ "HP To Stop Making webOS Smartphones, Might License the OS to Others". Retrieved November 26, 2013.
- ^ Ed Hansberry (11 November 2009). "Samsung Bailing on Windows Mobile". InformationWeek.
- ^ "Samsung to Discard Windows Phone". Telecoms Korea. 9 November 2009.
- ^ "Samsung Wave, first Bada smartphone hits the market". Bada. 24 May 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
- ^ "BadaWave". BadaWave. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
- ^ "Samsung Waves away a million". The Inquirer. 13 July 2010.
- ^ "Samsung Bada shipments up 355% to 4.5 million units in Q2 2011 | asymco news | PG.Biz". Pocket Gamer. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
- ^ "Save Big 2.45 " IPS Touch Screen the World's Smallest Android Smartphone Dual Sim Quadband - USA Store". USA Store.
- ^ Don Reisinger (17 October 2012). "Worldwide smartphone user base hits 1 billion". CNet. CBS Interactive, Inc. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
- ^ "Smartphones now outsell 'dumb' phones". 3 News NZ. April 29, 2013.
- ^ Jon Fingas (February 11, 2014). "Two-thirds of Americans now have smartphones".
- ^ "European Mobile Market". telecoms market research. CMSinfo. 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- ^ beyondbrics (2012-08-24). "Apple in China: not as cool as before". ft.com. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
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- ^ Erica Ogg (22 December 2011). "Smartphones killing point-and-shoots, now take almost 1/3 of photos". GIGAOM. GIGAOM. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- ^ Leena Rao (19 September 2012). "comScore: 4 Out Of 5 Smartphone Owners Use Device To Shop; Amazon Is The Most Popular Mobile Retailer". TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- ^ http://boletines.prisadigital.com/PIP_Smartphone_adoption_2013.pdf
- ^ "Worldwide Smartphone Shipments Top One Billion Units for the First Time, According to IDC". IDC. January 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
- ^ a b "Gartner Says Sales of Smartphones Grew 20 Percent in Third Quarter of 2014". Gartner.
- ^ a b "Smartphone Vendor Market Share, Q3 2014". International Data Corporation.
- ^ "Worldwide Smartphone Sales to End Users by Vendor in 4Q13 (Thousands of Units)". Gartner.
- ^ Jon Fingas (January 28, 2014). "Smartphone sales may have topped 1 billion in 2013, depending on who you ask". Engadget.
- ^ Steven Millward (May 13, 2014). "Xiaomi breaks into global top 10 for smartphone shipments, kicks out HTC". Tech In Asia. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
- ^ "Smartphone OS Market Share, Q3 2014". Retrieved December 21, 2014.
- ^ a b Gartner Says Worldwide Smartphone Sales Reached Its Lowest Growth Rate With 3.7 Per Cent Increase in Fourth Quarter of 2008. Gartner.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-09.
- ^ Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales to End Users Grew 8 Per Cent in Fourth Quarter 2009; Market Remained Flat in 2009. Gartner.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-09.
- ^ Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Device Sales to End Users Reached 1.6 Billion Units in 2010; Smartphone Sales Grew 72 Percent in 2010. Gartner.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-09.
- ^ "Quarterly Device Sales In 2011" (Infographic). Mobile Statistics. Mobile Statistics. 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
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- ^ "http://communities-dominate.blogs.com/brands/2014/06/final-q1-smartphone-market-shares-top-10-brands-os-platforms-and-installed-base.html"
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- ^ "Apple Sold 44M iPhones, 16M iPads And 4M Macs In Q2 2014". TechCrunch. AOL.
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- ^ "SMARTPHONES make TEENS have SEX with STRANGERS". theregister.co.uk.
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- ^ Yetisen, A. K., Martinez-Hurtado, J. L., et al (2014). The regulation of mobile medical applications. Lab on a Chip, 14(5), 833-840. dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3LC51235E
- ^ Mobile Malware Development Continues To Rise, Android Leads The Way.
- ^ Mylonas Alexios; Tsoumas Bill; Dritsas Stelios; Gritzalis Dimitris (2011). 8th International Conference on Trust, Privacy & Security in Digital Business (TRUSTBUS-2011). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. pp. 49–61.
- ^ "The Mother Of All Android Malware Has Arrived". Android Police. March 6, 2011.
in Authors list (help) - ^ Perez, Sarah (2009-02-12). "Android Vulnerability So Dangerous, Owners Warned Not to Use Phone's Web Browser". Readwriteweb.com. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
- ^ "Lookout, Retrevo warn of growing Android malware epidemic, note Apple's iOS is far safer". Appleinsider.com. 2011-08-03. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
- ^ "Plea urges anti-theft phone tech". The San Francisco Examiner.
- ^ Kalsbeek, Andries (2012). The Neurobiology of Circadian Timing Elsevier. pp. 382.
- ^ Luisa Dillner. "Should I keep my smartphone and tablet out of my bedroom? | Life and style". The Guardian. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
- ^ "Are smartphones disrupting your sleep?". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
- ^ Mahesh Sharma. "Switching off your smartphone at night makes you more productive". Smh.com.au. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
- ^ One of the best biological cues we have to [tell] what time of day it is, is light. And it turns out that blue light in particular is very effective at basically predicting when morning is," Brian Zoltowski from the American Chemical Society [4]
- ^ "Apple - Page Not Found". Apple.
- ^ "Apple - iPhone 5c - Technical Specifications". apple.com.
- ^ "Apple - iPhone 5s - Technical Specifications". apple.com.
- ^ a b "Apple - iPhone 6 - Technical Specifications". Apple.
- ^ "Is the Market Ready for a Phablet?", Forbes, 7 February 2012, retrieved 2012-08-15
- ^ Enter the Phablet: A History of Phone-Tablet Hybrids, pcmag.com, Sasha Segan, February 13, 2012
- ^ What Makes a Smartphone a Superphone? Mashable.com
- ^ Superphone vs smartphone: what's the difference? Techradar.com
External links[edit]
- Media related to Smartphones at Wikimedia Commons


text:
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text: #2540: Qt-4.4.3/4.5 ----------------------+----------------------------------------------------- Reporter: rdaniels | Owner: bdubbs@… Type: task | Status: assigned Priority: normal | Milestone: 6.4 Component: BOOK | Version: SVN Severity: normal | Keywords: ----------------------+----------------------------------------------------- Changes (by bdubbs@…): * owner: blfs-book@… => bdubbs@… * status: new => assigned Comment: I'm going to take this but hold off a bit to see if version 4.5 is released soon. My day job is primarily developing code with Qt and have been using the commercial version of the beta versions of 4.5. I'm hoping for a normal release in January. -- Ticket URL: <http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/ticket/2540#comment:10> BLFS Trac <http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs> Beyond Linux From Scratch


text:
Visit your online medical record today.
As a patient at Beaufort Memorial Hospital, you have many rights that are in place to ensure you receive the best care possible. You also have responsibilities that help you and your caregivers make informed decisions about your treatment while you are in our care. Please review your rights and responsibilities carefully. Be sure to ask your nurse or patient representative if you have any questions.
You have the RIGHT to:
Receive information in a manner that is understandable to you.
Consent or refuse any treatment, as permitted by law. If you refuse a recommended treatment, you will receive other needed and available care.
Have your pain assessed and managed appropriately.
Freedom from restraints and seclusion of any form that are not medically necessary.
Receive compassionate care that respects your personal, spiritual, cultural, and religious values and beliefs. Pastoral Care Services are available to help you meet these needs.
Prompt notification of a family member or representative and your physician of your admission to the hospital.
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Feature Articles
POETRY CAN BE HARD ON THE POCKET by J Woods
(Poetry Ireland News, November/December 2003)
Recently the Southside People, the Dublin free paper, was in touch with Poetry Ireland concerning an article a member of staff was researching called 'Big Business, Bad Poetry'. The journalist had been receiving a lot of enquiries from people who'd been invited to participate in poetry conferences in America which promised, once you'd paid your flight, accommodation and conference fee, cash prizes for your poetry. And of course at the conference you'd have the chance to meet a roster of distinguished poets, writers and publishers, none of which this particular reader has ever heard of.
To most people, this has the immediate ring of a scam to it, but for some people it's seen as an opportunity to have their work published and appreciated regardless. This is where Big Business, Bad Poetry comes into the equation. There is money to be made by duping people with false promises and expectations, so much so that I'm unwilling to mention who the main perpetrators are: I'm sure their budget is bigger than Poetry Ireland's, and that they're no strangers to protecting their own financial interests.
The scam starts either on the Internet or is sometimes advertised in newspapers, presumably carried unwittingly by the paper in question. You are asked to submit a selection of poetry, and the response is always the same: the publishers would only love to publish your poem 'on the basis of your unique talent and incomparable vision', or words to that effect. You are then invited to buy a deluxe 'coffee-table edition' (no irony there) that will set you back about €80 - and while you're at it, why not buy a few for friends and family as gifts! The book arrives, crammed with up to ten poems per page in a minuscule font. You're also pompously told that the book will be housed in the Library of Congress in Washington, DC; they neglect to say, alongside every other book published in the USA with an ISBN number. As a final accolade, you are invited to register to attend one of their conferences abroad for a mere €500 or thereabouts.
In Poetry Ireland we sometimes get calls from people who have been 'invited' to just this kind of prestigious get-together. It's often the first time they've heard about Poetry Ireland, and they call in the hope we will fund their flight. Unfortunately, we don't fund flights. We then explain how to go about getting poems published and refer them to our website, journals, etc. Every year we get a number of these calls, so far I haven't heard from anyone who has gone to one of these conferences but suspect that most people get cold feet by the time they've forked out a couple of hundred euro for books. The money might be better spent on poetry collections and journals, or indeed on stamps for SAEs for the return of submitted poems.
In a Poetry Ireland newsletter all this might sound like preaching to the converted, but I'd ask anybody out there involved in workshops and teaching to spread the word and warn people about publishing scams. These scams prey on aspiring writers young and old, most often those just starting out. The worst of it is, the experience may disillusion them altogether.
As a test case, the staff of the Southside People came up with the following ditty, entitled 'Stepaside', after exactly two minutes of soul-searching. They submitted it under an assumed name to a particular Internet-based organisation which is one of the worst offenders as regards this type of scam:
Worlds like rain
on leaves drip
from your lips,
They puddle at
my feet to join
my tears.
Autumn has
arrived and you
Are leaving me
in Stepaside.
By no means the worst poem ever written, but surely undeserving of the extravagant praise it received: the writer needless to say should be 'genuinely proud of this accomplishment', not to mention the poet's 'unique talent and artistic vision'. Sure enough, an invitation was extended to attend an international convention in Orlando, Florida. And for a mere €77.45 (including €22.50 for the inclusion of biographical details), the poem would be included in the next unmissable anthology.
If you want to get poems published the guidelines are simple and are available on our website under Getting Published: www.poetryireland.ie/resources/gettingpublished.html
Send out four or five poems at a time to journals where you like the work you've read. And get a poem published before the book! Too often we hear from people who've written a book of poems and want information about publishers, without ever having published a single poem. Asking an editor to read a book of unpublished poems is akin to asking a record producer to produce a deluxe 6-CD set when you've never had a song on the radio. And finally, remember your best friend might not be the best judge of your work. Happy reading and writing!
Joseph Woods is Director of Poetry Ireland


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I actually remember hearing about the Modbook many years back. At the time, there was no iPad and the whole tablet market had yet to really take off, but I always thought the idea was at least kinda cool. During these days, the ModBook took stock MacBooks and took them apart, putting them back together as keyboard-less touch-tablets.
The company that did all of this called themselves Axiotron, and while this company has long since appeared, it seems that the idea hasn't. A new company, Modbook Inc, has formed again and is now creating its own Modbook Pro. The Pro is by the same designers as the original, even if its not under the same company name, and this time takes a 13-inch MacBook Pro for the modification.
While OSX has certainly become more touch-friendly with new iOS-like features in Mountain Lion, its still no iOS, so I'm curious as to how many would actually be interested in such a device. Sure, there is likely to be a small niche of users that want a full PC experience with their tablet, and the Pro could beautifully deliver there- of course it will also have to fight off the competition from similar full-powered PC tablets running Windows 8 later this year.
Overall, there is a reason why the company shut its doors in the first place- they have a cool idea but there just isn't a huge amount of demand, especially considering the price of using a stock device and doing modifications make the whole thing rather expensive. For now, we don't know full details such as pricing, but it will all come down to whether or not its affordable enough to be worth it. The majority of us probably won't want to spend $2000+ on a tablet, but I'm sure there are at least a few users out there that might have demand for such a unique device, and all the company likely needs is a few sales to at least come out even. What do you think about the idea of a ModBook Pro?
[ source ]
Hi, the ModBook is for professionals who want a Wacom device in their tablet. No present day computers have it. The old tc1100′s, Fujitsu's, I think some dells, and a few others 5 to 10 years ago were the only ones. So this gives you the pressure sensitivity and alignment of a Cintiq, without being stuck at a desk. It gives you full OSX capability and the real Adobe lineup without the capacitive touch screen. So you don't have to worry about your hand making marks, or moving the page around as you draw (see the SURFACE demo, his hand jumps the page and makes unwanted marks) This is such a niche market, but god I love it. I feel it's the perfect computer, add a wireless Bluetooth keyboard and mouse and what more would you want? It's price is normally $1000 plus you buy the computer, so this is for the elite. I've never owned one, but used a cintiq and every other tablet around, and this could be the closet thing to a digital sketchbook around. P.S. To anyone who thinks "pencil and paper is soo much cheaper" so is a typewriter for communicating, but how many people buy a computer only to write a letter or a school paper or send mail. This is a whole new league, a computer used for a specific purpose by specific people (professional artists). So this won't be understood by the public, that's why it's not well known. But to those who do…we know. The only thing I can think it would compare to…actually nothing, think about it, where else in tech has there been something that can be modified by an aftermarket company to become a new product for a specific market? Hope this information helps, sorry if I rambled.
It seems interesting as a "switch" device, IMO. You could hook it to a TV very easily for streaming movies/playing games/etc, and then stick it in a pack to have a lot of power on the go. Hoping Modbook will continue to offer conversions like Axiotron did-Axiotron would take your MacBook and basically rebuild it into a tablet for considerably less money than buying one new from them; it was spitting distance in terms of cost (about 900 bucks, iirc) from the 64gig/3G iPad at the time. Hopefully the new company will be clever and stuff an LTE antenna in there; I'd also want a magic trackpad and keyboard for control purposes.
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The new European project PINBAL aims at the development of a spectrophotometric pH-measurement system for monitoring in the Baltic Sea
Today the European project PINBAL started with a kick-off meeting at the Leibniz Institute of Baltic Sea Research in Warnemünde (IOW).
The four participating partners of the project met to organize the next steps for project implementation. Beside the IOW, which is also responsible for the project coordination, the University of Gothenburg, the Institute of Oceanology in Sopot and the enterprise CONTROS Systems and Solution participate in PINBAL.
Since the beginning of the industrial era a considerable part of the increasing CO2 emissions dissolved into the ocean. As a result the pH value of the World´s Ocean has been decreased by 0.1. The International Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) considers the pH value to be decreased from 8.1 today to 7.7 in 2100 with severe consequences for the marine environment if the CO2 production follows a "business as usual" scheme.
For the Baltic Sea with its variable salinity, high concentrations of organic substances and the occurrence of hydrogen sulfide in the deep waters there are no suitable measuring methods up to day, to detect longtime variations. The PINBAL project group wants to bridge this gap.
Beside the monitoring demands, there is a strong interest of basic research, too, in such a development of a highly precise measuring method for the determination of the pH value in order to improve the option for investigating the Baltic Sea carbon dioxide turnovers.
Gregor Rehder, project coordinator and marine chemist at the IOW, describes the aims of the project. "We want to develop a reliable and highly precise system to be deployed on so called voluntary observing ships (VOS)."
In recent years these VOS – cargo ships or ferries – have been equipped with automated measurement and sampling systems to create an efficient monitoring system for environmental parameters in surface waters of the Baltic Sea. They shall be the carrier of the future development as well.
PINBAL will receive funding for the next three years from BONUS (Art 185) funded jointly from the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration, and from Baltic Sea national funding institutions.
Prof. Dr. Gregor Rehder, Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), (Phone: +49 381 / 5197 336, Email: email@example.com)
Dr. Barbara Hentzsch, Public Relation, IOW (Phone: +49 381 / 5197 102, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com)
Nils Ehrenberg, Public Relation, IOW (Phone: +49 381 / 5197 106, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com)
Dipl.-Phys. Peer Fietzek, CONTROS Systems & Solutions
Prof. Dr. Leif Anderson, University of Gothenburg
Dr. Karol Kulinski, Institute for Oceanology, Polish Academy of Science, Sopot
The IOW is a member of the Leibniz Association to which 89 research institutes and scientific infrastructure facilities for research currently belong. The focus of the Leibniz Institutes ranges from Natural, Engineering and Environmental Science to Economic, Social, and Space Sciences and to the humanities. The institutes are jointly financed at the state and national levels. The Leibniz Institutes employ a total of 17.200 people, of whom 8.200 are scientists, of which 3.300 are junior scientists. The total budget of the Institutes is more than 1.5 billion Euros. Third-party funds amount to approximately € 330 million per year.
Dr. Barbara Hentzsch | idw - Informationsdienst Wissenschaft
Further information:
Further reports about: > CO2 > CO2 emissions > IOW > Oceanology > Ostseeforschung > Warnemünde > carbon dioxide > concentrations > marine environment
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Calcium elevation in mouse pancreatic beta cells evoked by extracellular human islet amyloid polypeptide involves activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel TRPV4
- S. Casas,
- A. Novials,
- F. Reimann,
- R. Gomis,
- F. M. Gribble
- … show all 5 hide
To investigate the mechanism by which human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) fibril formation results in calcium influx across the plasma membrane of pancreatic beta cells, and its association with apoptosis.
Cytoplasmic intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were monitored for 2 h as the 340/380 nm fluorescence ratio in fura-2 loaded cells of the MIN6 mouse pancreatic beta cell line. Cell morphology was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and viability by FACS.
hIAPP (10 μmol/l) increased [Ca2+]i in 21% of MIN6 cells in standard buffer, and in 8% of cells in Na+-free buffer. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel inhibitors (gadolinium and ruthenium red) prevented the [Ca2+]i rise under both conditions, whilst nifedipine was only effective in the presence of Na+. hIAPP increased apoptosis in both insulinoma cells and islets in primary culture, and cell viability was partially rescued by ruthenium red (p < 0.001). By RT-PCR, we detected expression of the mechanosensitive TRP cation channel subfamily V member 4 (Trpv4) in MIN6 cells and mouse pancreas. Small interference RNA against Trpv4 prevented hIAPP-induced [Ca2+]i rises, decreased hIAPP-triggered expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and reduced hIAPP-triggered cell death by 50% (p < 0.05).
Alterations in [Ca2+]i play a key role in hIAPP-induced beta cell cytotoxicity. By electron microscopy, we detected extracellular hIAPP aggregates adjacent to irregular invaginated regions of the plasma membrane. We propose that TRPV4 channels may sense physical changes in the plasma membrane induced by hIAPP aggregation, enabling Ca2+ entry, membrane depolarisation and activation of L-type Ca2+ channels. Decreasing the activity of TRPV4 prevented hIAPP-induced [Ca2+]i changes, reduced hIAPP-triggered ER stress and improved cell viability.
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- Title
- Calcium elevation in mouse pancreatic beta cells evoked by extracellular human islet amyloid polypeptide involves activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel TRPV4
- Open Access
- Available under Open Access This content is freely available online to anyone, anywhere at any time.
- Journal
Volume 51, Issue 12 , pp 2252-2262
- Cover Date
- 2008-12-01
- 10.1007/s00125-008-1111-z
- Print ISSN
- Online ISSN
- 1432-0428
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Amylin
- Amyloid
- Apoptosis
- Calcium
- Plasma membrane
- Trpv4
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- S. Casas (1)
- A. Novials (1)
- F. Reimann (3)
- R. Gomis (1) (2)
- F. M. Gribble (3)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity, IDIBAPS-Fundació Clínic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- 3. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- 2. CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain