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Orgone energy is a hypothetical universal life force originally proposed in the 1930s by Wilhelm Reich.[1][2][3] In its final conception, developed by Reich's student Charles Kelly after Reich's death, Orgone was conceived as the anti-entropic principle of the universe, a creative substratum in all of nature comparable to Mesmer's animal magnetism, the Odic force of Carl Reichenbach and Henri Bergson's élan vital.[4] Orgone was seen as a massless, omnipresent substance, similar to luminiferous aether, but more closely associated with living energy than inert matter. It could coalesce to create organization on all scales, from the smallest microscopic units—called bions in orgone theory—to macroscopic structures like organisms, clouds, or even galaxies.[5] Orgone energy is widely dismissed[6] as pseudoscience.[7][8][9]
Reich's theories held that deficits or constrictions in bodily orgone were at the root of many diseases—including cancer—much as deficits or constrictions in the libido could produce neuroses in Freudian theory (also discredited). He created the Orgone Institute to pursue research into orgone energy after he immigrated to the US, and used it to publish literature and distribute material relating to the topic for more than a decade. Reich designed special "orgone accumulators"—devices ostensibly collecting and storing orgone energy from the environment—for improvement of general health or even for weather control.[1] Ultimately, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) obtained a federal injunction barring the interstate distribution of orgone-related materials, on the grounds that Reich and his associates were making false and misleading claims, and later jailed Reich and destroyed all orgone-related materials at the institute after Reich violated the injunction.[2] Contrary to common misconception, Reich always rejected the idea that the accumulator could provide orgastic potency.[10]
Orgone is regarded by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine as a type of "putative energy."[11] There is no empirical support for the concept of orgone in medicine or the physical sciences, and research into the concept ceased with the end of the Institute.[6]
The concept of orgone belongs to Reich's later work, after he immigrated to the US. Reich's early work was based on the Freudian concept of the libido, though influenced by sociological understandings with which Freud disagreed but which were to some degree followed by other prominent theorists such as Herbert Marcuse and Carl Jung. While Freud had focused on a solipsistic conception of mind in which unconscious and inherently selfish primal drives (primarily the sexual drive, or libido) were suppressed or sublimated by internal representations (cathexes) of parental figures (the superego), for Reich libido was a life-affirming force repressed by society directly. For example, in one of his better known analyses Reich observes a workers' political rally, noting that participants were careful not to violate signs that prohibited walking on the grass; Reich saw this as the state co-opting unconscious responses to parental authority as a means of controlling behavior.[12] He was expelled from the Institute of Psycho-analysis because of these disagreements over the nature of the libido and his increasingly political stance. He was forced to leave Germany very soon after Hitler came to power.[13]
Reich took an increasingly bioenergetic view of libido, perhaps influenced by his tutor Paul Kammerer and another biologist, Otto Warburg[disambiguation needed].[14] In the early 20th century, when molecular biology was in its infancy, developmental biology in particular still presented mysteries that made the idea of a specific life energy respectable, as was articulated by theorists such as Hans Driesch. As a psycho-analyst Reich aligned such theories with the Freudian libido, while as a materialist he believed such a life-force must be susceptible to physical experiment.
He wrote in his best known book, The Function of the Orgasm: "Between 1919 and 1921, I became familiar with Driesch's 'Philosophie des Organischen' and his 'Ordnungslehre'... Driesch's contention seemed incontestable to me. He argued that, in the sphere of the life function, the whole could be developed from a part, whereas a machine could not be made from a screw..... However, I couldn't quite accept the transcendentalism of the life principle. Seventeen years later I was able to resolve the contradiction on the basis of a formula pertaining to the function of energy. Driesch's theory was always present in my mind when I thought about vitalism. The vague feeling I had about the irrational nature of his assumption turned out to be justified in the end. He landed among the spiritualists."[15]
The concept of orgone was the result of this work in the psycho-physiology of libido. After his migration to the US, Reich began to speculate about biological development and evolution, and then branched out into much broader speculations about the nature of the universe.[4] This led him to the conception of "bions": self-luminescent sub-cellular vesicles that he believed were observable in decaying materials, and presumably present universally. Initially he thought of bions as electrodynamic or radioactive entities, as had the Ukrainian biologist Alexander Gurwitsch, but later came to the conclusion that he had discovered an entirely unknown but measurable force, which he then named "orgone",[4] a pseudo-Greek formation probably from org- "impulse, excitement" as in org-asm, plus -one as in ozone (the Greek neutral participle, virtually *ὄργον, gen.: *ὄργοντος).[16]
For Reich, neurosis became a physical manifestation he called "body armor"—deeply seated tensions and inhibitions in the physical body that were not separated from any mental effects that might be observed.[17] He developed a therapeutic approach he called vegetotherapy that was aimed at opening and releasing this body armor so that free instinctive reflexes—which he considered a token of psychic well-being—could take over.
Orgone was closely associated with sexuality: Reich, following Freud, saw nascent sexuality as the primary energetic force of life. The term itself was chosen to share a root with the word orgasm, which both Reich and Freud took to be a fundamental expression of psychological health. This focus on sexuality, while acceptable in the clinical perspective of Viennese psychoanalytic circles, scandalized the conservative American public even as it appealed to countercultural figures like William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac.
In at least some cases, Reich's experimental techniques do not appear to have been very careful, or to have taken precautions to remove experimental bias.[18] Nevertheless, conclusions based on these unreplicated informal sensory observations by Reich and his associates are still regarded and relied upon as fact in current publications by orgonomists. Reich was concerned with experimental verification from other scientists. Albert Einstein famously agreed to participate, but thought Reich's research lacked scientific detachment and experimental rigor; he found Reich's demonstrations of "orgone heat" inconclusive.[19]
Orgone and its related concepts were quickly denounced in the post-World War II American press.[20] Reich and his students were seen as a "cult of sex and anarchy," at least in part because orgone was linked with the title of his book The Function of the Orgasm, and this led to numerous investigations as a communist[21] and denunciation under a wide variety of other pretexts.[22] He was, as the New York Times later put it, "much maligned".[23] The psychoanalytical community of the time saw his approach to healing diseases as quackery of the worst sort, partly because of his comments about UFOs.[24] In 1954, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration successfully sought an injunction to prevent Reich from making medical claims relating to orgone, which (among other stipulations) prevented him from shipping "orgone devices" across state lines.[25] Reich defied the order and was jailed, and the FDA took that opportunity to destroy any of Reich's books which mentioned orgone, along with research materials and devices.[3][25][26][27]
Some of Reich's observations have been replicated by other researchers. Stefan Müschenich, in his Master's thesis, demonstrated effects of orgone accumulators on test subjects in keeping with Reich's original descriptions, while subjects exposed to a known "dummy box" showed no such effects.[28] As of 2007, the National Institutes of Health database PubMed, and the Web of Science database, contained only 4 or 5 peer-reviewed scientific papers published (since 1968) dealing with orgone therapy.
Some psychotherapists and psychologists practicing various kinds of Body Psychotherapy and Somatic Psychology have continued to use Reich's proposed emotional-release methods and character-analysis ideas,[28][29][30] but use of orgone equipment is rare, limited mainly to therapists who have been trained in "Reichian" institutions such as the American College of Orgonomy.
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2010) |
Orgone was used in the writings of several prominent beat generation authors, who were fascinated by both its purported curative and sexual aspects. To that extent, it is heavily associated with the 1950s counterculture movement, though it did not carry over into the more extensive movements of the 1960s.
William S. Burroughs was a major proponent of orgone research, who often included it as part of the surreal imagery in his novels. Orgone interested Burroughs particularly because he believed that it could be used to ease or alleviate "junk sickness"—a popular term for heroin withdrawal. This fitted well in the context of his novels, which were usually narrative recreations of his own experiences with narcotics and the Beat life.
Burroughs explicitly compares "kicking the habit" to cancer in the novel Junky, and ties it to the use of orgone accumulators. He writes:
Cancer is rot of tissue in a living organism. In junk sickness the junk dependent cells die and are replaced. Cancer is a premature death process. The cancer patient shrinks. A junkie shrinks—I have lost up to fifteen pounds in three days. So I figure if the accumulator is a therapy for cancer, it should be therapy for the after-effects of junk sickness.
At the time that Burroughs was writing, orgone accumulators were only available from Reich's Orgone Institute in New York, offered for a ten dollar per month donation. Burroughs built his own instead, substituting rock wool for the sheet iron, but believed it still achieved the desired effect. Burroughs writes about what occurred once he started using the accumulator:
Constant use of junk of the years has given me the habit of directing attention inward. When I went into the accumulator and sat down I noticed a special silence that you sometimes feel in deep woods, sometimes on a city street, a hum that is more rhythmic vibration than a sound. My skin prickled and I experienced an aphrodisiac effect similar to good strong weed. No doubt about it, orgones are as definite a force as electricity. After using the accumulator for several days my energy came back to normal. I began to eat and could not sleep more than eight hours. I was out of the post cure drag.
In Kerouac's popular novel On the Road, the orgone accumulator was treated more as another type of drug than as a medical device: primarily a stimulant, with strong sexual overtones. When Sal Paradise visits Old Bull Lee in the novel (characters representing Kerouac and Burroughs, respectively), Lee's orgone accumulator is described as follows:
'Say, why don't you fellows try my orgone accumulator? Put some juice in your bones. I always rush up and take off ninety miles an hour for the nearest whorehouse, hor-hor-hor!' said Bull Lee… The orgone accumulator is an ordinary box big enough for a man to sit inside on a chair: a layer of wood, a layer of metal, and another layer of wood gather in orgones from the atmosphere and hold them captive long enough for a human to absorb more than a usual share. According to Reich, orgones are vibratory atmospheric atoms of the life-principle. People get cancer because they run out of orgones. Old Bull thought his orgone accumulator would be improved if the wood he used was as organic as possible, so he tied bushy bayou leaves and twigs to his mystical outhouse. It stood there in the hot, flat yard, an exfoliate machine clustered and bedecked with maniacal contrivances. Old Bull slipped off his clothes and went to sit and moon over his navel.
The 2012 film of Kerouac's novel includes the scene described above, but adds a small window in the accumulator and a funnel to breathe through.[31]
According to his daughter, J.D. Salinger would sometimes use an orgone accumulator, among an assortment of other alternative health regimens.[32]
Noted American actor and raconteur Orson Bean was once a proponent of orgone therapy and published a well-received book about it entitled Me and the Orgone.
Dušan Makavejev opened his 1971 satirical film W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism with documentary coverage of Reich and his development of orgone accumulators, combining this with other imagery and a fictional sub-plot in a collage mocking sexual and political authorities.[33] Scenes include one of only "ten or fifteen orgone boxes left in the country" at that time.[34]
British space rockers Hawkwind released the track "Orgone Accumulator" as the first track on side three of the 1972 live album, Space Ritual.
I've got an Orgone Accumulator
It makes me feel greater
I'll see you sometime later
When I'm through with my Accumulator
It's no social integrator
It's a one man isolator
It's a back brain stimulator
It's a cerebral vibrator
...But an Orgone Accumulator
Is a superman creator
Woody Allen's 1973 comedy science fiction movie Sleeper features an orgasmatron—a cylinder big enough to hold one or two people, containing some future technology that rapidly induces orgasms. This is required as almost all people in the Sleeper universe are impotent or frigid, although males of Italian descent are considered the least impotent of all groups. It has been suggested that the orgasmatron was a parody of Reich's orgone accumulator.[35][36]
The song "Cloudbusting" by British singer Kate Bush describes Reich's arrest and incarceration through the eyes of his son, Peter.[37] The 1985 video, in which Donald Sutherland plays Wilhelm Reich during his research and subsequent arrest, features a Foucault pendulum as an alternate method of demonstrating the rotational motion of the earth to prove the heretical view that the Earth was not the centre of the Universe. The Foucault pendulum in this video simultaneously connects and contrasts the disgraced Wilhelm Reich to both of the respected Foucaults, the scientist, Jean Bernard Léon Foucault and the philosopher, Michel Foucault, who had died one year prior to the video in 1984.
The new wave '80s band Devo claimed that their iconic energy dome design was used to recycle the wasted orgone energy that flows from a person's head. Devo co-founder Mark Mothersbaugh has said,
'We did the red energy dome, which was useful—besides being an icon -- it was a useful icon. You probably know this very well, but your orgone energy goes out the top of your head and it dissipates out the top, but if you wear an energy dome it recycles that energy. It comes back down and showers back down on you and, among other things, you remain manly, shall we say, for maybe another 150 years of your life, probably. I think that's a safe prediction to say that energy domes -- if you wore them constantly, night and day -- which I don't do, but there are people out there who do, not too many of them but there are some. We get e-mails from them, so we know they're out there, those people will probably live about an extra 150 years because of all that orgone energy that they're saving and not wasting away.'[38]
An orgone accumulator plays an important role in the semi-autobiographical Evelyn Waugh novel The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold. A neighbour to Mr Pinfold owns a box and with it he experiments on Mr Pinfold's wife. Later, in a hallucinatory state, Mr Pinfold imagines that his problems have originated from that box.
Warren Leight's play, Side Man, contains a scene where Gene and Terry receive an orgone box that Gene's friend's wife made him get rid of.
In Hal Duncan's book Ink (The Book of All Hours 2), one of alternative realities is orgone-based, i.e. orgone ("sexual energy") is used as primary energy source.
In the Channel 4 comedy series Peep Show, "Mark's Women", Jeremy joins a new religious movement, Spiritual Wellness, which defines Orgones as "the invisible molecules of universal life energy which govern our moods and our actions", with negative Orgones being the sources of all the problems in the world.
In episode 11 of the Lupin III television specials, the enemy wants the secrets of the Columbus Files and the Columbus Egg, which involve the mysterious Orgone energy.
Orgone energy features prominently in the science-fiction world of video game Redline, released in 1999.
In the anime series Captain Earth, Orgone energy is the source of power and sustenance for the invading aliens, the Kill-T-Gang, who plan to harvest it from the libidos of all humanity. It is also be power behind the Livlaster guns used by the protagonists.
[orgone is] a useless fiction with faulty basic premises, thin partial theory, and unsubstantiated application results. It was quickly discredited and cast away.
Orgasmatron is Woody Allen's name, in Sleeper, for a parody of Reich's orgone accumulator, a telephone booth-sized plywood and metal box said to store a healing and enlivening force.
Woody Allen parodied it in Sleeper (1973), giving it the immortal nickname the "Orgasmatron".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orgone. |


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Energy plan works with carbon price
PUBLISHED: 16 Jul 2012 00:32:49 | UPDATED: 16 Jul 2012 12:59:09PUBLISHED: 16 Jul 2012 PRINT EDITION: 16 Jul 2012Tony Wood
In less than four decades, Australia must transform its electricity sector from one dominated by coal and gas with high greenhouse gas emissions towards one of near zero emissions. A carbon price is vital to the transition, but to make it at lowest cost, the carbon price needs support.
A new Grattan Institute report, Building the bridge: a practical plan for a low-cost, low-emissions energy future, sets out the steps to address the limits of the carbon market.
With a carbon price alone, developers of low-emissions technologies are reluctant to invest on the scale required to reduce emissions substantially. The costs and risks of taking these technologies to market are too high. Developers need a long-term, reliable carbon price to underpin investments and make their technologies competitive with traditional sources of electricity.
But the carbon price is uncertain as it depends on government decisions. If they do not keep a commitment to emissions constraints, the carbon price will stay too low, and investment in low-emissions technologies will remain critically inadequate.
The Grattan report proposes governments enter into long-term contracts with developers to deliver electricity at a price that makes efficient technologies viable.
The contracts would be awarded through monthly auctions, held over 10 years. Developers bid to provide low-emissions electricity and low bids succeed. The scheme could produce about 5 per cent of Australia's power – not a large amount, but enough to get low-emissions projects started at the lowest possible cost. The goal is to get a portfolio of technology options at lowest cost over the long haul.
The scheme is not another subsidy for renewable energy. Australia has already had too many such subsidies, with little reduction in emissions or technology costs as a result.
A developer who won an auction would receive two payments: one for the risk of investing in an unproven technology, the other for the risk the carbon price will not be high enough to match the long-term climate change targets that would make the technology commercially viable.
Developers must have secured finance before they bid and be as close as possible to beginning work.
As costs come down and technologies become viable, the government will withdraw support, beyond a well-managed carbon price.
A 10-year period and rules for the auctions provide companies with a predictable investment environment, and multiple opportunities to invest. But in turn, developers must show over multiple auction rounds that the cost of their technology is low and falling. Those that do will get more opportunities to build projects.
The proposal complements a carbon price. It addresses barriers and market failures the existing carbon price cannot.
A change of government may lead to policy changes, including possible repeal of the carbon price legislation.
The opposition has proposed an emissions reduction fund as the central element in its direct action plan if it wins government. Grattan's auction proposal could assist this objective, again by delivering lowest cost, low-emission technologies.
Grattan's auction proposal has a cost – but if we do nothing, the cost will be much higher as the emissions reduction task gets harder.
Tony Wood is program director, energy, at Grattan Institute.
The Australian Financial Review
Read more
Topics | Environment, Energy & Utilities /Electricity , Energy & Utilities /Alternative Energy , Politics /Federal Politics |

subset: commoncrawl


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The Expert View: Hargreaves Lansdown, GSK and Prudential
Our daily roundup of analysts' share recommendations and commentary, also featuring Wincanton and Ladbrokes.
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Hargreaves downgraded to 'hold' over pricing plan
Jefferies analysts have downgraded Hargreaves Lansdown (HL.L) from a 'buy' to a 'hold'.
Following first quarter results and an announcement that the fund supermarket was u-turning on its investment trust charge, analyst Jason Streets made the downgrade.
However, he did increase the target price of the shares from £11.50 to £12.50 (current price £13.79) as although he is taking a 'wait and see' approach in the short term, he still thinks over time Hargreaves will benefit from market growth.
Streets added that he expected Hargreaves to take a hit from the lower amounts of interest it can take from cash accounts due to low interest rates.
'We have trimmed our forecasts largely due to the continuing impact of extremely low interest rates on interest receivable but we raise our price target to £12.50 as Hargreaves Lansdown's business grows in market strength…Nevertheless there is no longer sufficient upside for a 'buy'. We now have to wait and see the impact of [pricing changes].'
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Glaxo worth holding on to, says Panmure
Panmure has reiterated its 'hold' recommendation for GlaxoSmithKline (GSK.L) on the hope that it will deliver 'some interesting share price catalysts' this year.
Analyst Savvas Neophytou placed a target price of £17.50 (current price £15.80) on the shares after preliminary 2013 results were in line expectations and the outlook 'was modestly better than had been expected'.
However, Neophytou flagged that 'growth is likely to come from financial engineering rather than significant growth in revenues', although this has not put him off as 'the pipeline is primed and should deliver some interesting share price catalysts this year'.
'For option value alone, it is worth holding on to the shares. We reiterate out 'hold' recommendation,' he said.
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Ladbrokes struggles lead to target price downgrade
Bookmaker Ladbrokes (LAD.L) is suffering under the weight of poor sports results and increased taxation, leading Peel Hunt to reduce its target price.
Analyst Nick Batram retained his 'hold' recommendation but reduced the target price on the shares from 175p to 144p (current price is 150p).
'The latest downward adjustment to figures follows guidance given at the recent post-close trading statement,' he said. 'Poor sporting results, rising taxation and other events outside of the group's control are exacerbating the pain caused by the self-inflicted issues within digital.
'Our 'hold' recommendation is based on the yield and recovery potential.'
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Prudential's emerging market fears are overdone, says Barclays
Fears that Prudential (PRU.L) is overexposed to shaky emerging markets have been dismissed by Barclays' analysts, who reiterated their 'overweight' recommendation.
Analyst Alan Devlin placed a target price of £16.18 (current price is £12.64) on the shares and said that the insurer was a 'compelling' story due to its US operations benefitting from a rally in the S&P500 and higher US interest rates in 2013.
'Prudential's recent weakness has been caused by a focus on negative emerging market sentiment and FX concerns, rather than what we see as the real drivers of Pru's business,' he said. 'In our view, Prudential's Asian growth and profitability are relatively insulated from economic fluctuations and are driven by long-term structural trends.'
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'Boring' Wincanton is good for investors
Logistics provider Wincanton (WIN.L) is proving that 'boring is good' when it comes to shares, say Investec analysts.
Analyst John Lawson has increased the target price of the shares from 122p to 155p (current price 139p) after 'another very solid performance' in Wincanton's interim management statement.
'Wincanton has developed consistency and continues to trade in line with expectations,' said Lawson. 'We used the phrase 'boring is good' in a previous note and while this is an old cliché, it has certainly done wonders for the share price.'
He added that the good performance of the company was no accident and it had 'worked hard to deliver this improved track record' and group is 'slowly but surely chipping away at its high debt levels so in time we might start to think about a dividend again'.


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Analysts' Actions: AEO, ANF, COST, HOLX
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- CHANGE IN RATINGS
American Eagle (AEO - Get Report) was upgraded at Wedbush from Neutral to Outperform. $22 price target. Positive store checks suggest that higher sales and margins are around the corner, Wedbush said.
Accretive Health (AH) was downgraded at UBS to Neutral from Hold. $11 price target. Possibly more issues lurking around the corner, UBS said.
Alere (ALR - Get Report) was upgraded at Leerink Swann to Outperform from Market Perform. $28-$30 valuation range. Attractive upside potential, Leerink Swann said.
Abercrombie & Fitch (ANF - Get Report) was upgraded to Buy from Neutral at UBS. $66 price target. Trend stabilization and favorable risk/reward, UBS said. Cardtronics (CATM) was upgraded at Piper Jaffray from Neutral to Overweight. $32 price target. Company is posting higher sales growth, Piper Jaffray said. Cavium Networks (CAVM) was upgraded at Mizuho from Neutral to Buy. $35 price target. Business fundamentals are improving, Mizuho said. Costco (COST - Get Report) was downgraded at Deutsche Bank to Hold. Valuation call, based on an $89 price target, Deutsche Bank said. ExactTarget (ET) was initiated with a Buy rating at Canaccord Genuity. $32 price target. Company has a broad product portfolio that addresses a big market opportunity, Canaccord said. Haemonetics (HAE) was upgraded at Morgan Stanley from Underweight to Equal-Weight. Visibility is improving and the Pall purchase can drive long-term growth, Morgan Stanley said. Hologic (HOLX - Get Report) was downgraded at Dougherty to Neutral. $20 price target. GPRO acquisition is unimpressive, Dougherty said. McKesson (MCK) was downgraded at Auriga USA from Buy to Hold. Valuation call, based on a $98 price target, Auriga USA said. Schnitzer Steel (SCHN) was initiated with a Hold rating at Keybanc. Company lacks near-term catalysts, Keybanc said. Vantiv (VNTV) was initiated with a Neutral rating at Goldman Sachs. Valuation call, based on a $23 price target. Vantiv was initiated with a Buy rating at Deutsche Bank. $26 price target. New merchant wins are driving organic growth, Deutsche Bank said. WMS Industries (WMS) was upgraded at Credit Suisse from Neutral to Outperform. $27 price target. Estimates also boosted, as management is turning the business around, Credit Suisse said.STOCK COMMENTS / EPS CHANGES
Bed Bath & Beyond (BBBY) numbers raised at Oppenheimer. Shares are now seen reaching $84. Estimates were also raised on sales and margin momentum, Oppenheimer said. Outperform rating.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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My passion is to build using local, natural, materials. I'm excited by the creativity needed to build using what is naturally all around us.
I adore the aesthetics of buildings built using natural materials, the warmth of earthen plasters and the feeling created when spaces are not confined by dimensioned lumber.
I strive to find a balance between using natural materials, man made materials with high efficiency and reclaimed materials. With careful consideration to the materials used, buildings can be efficient and non toxic to all.
After studying Industrial Design at Brunel University, I spent five years working as a graphic designer in London. View my portfolio
Once I realised that office life in the city wasn't for me, I left England to explore the mountains of Canada, while continuing to work as a freelance designer.
I am a CASI level 3 Snowboard instructor and spend my winters teaching snowboarding in the Canadian Rockies. I'm also a keen amateur photographer. Some of my photos can be found via the Flickr thumbnails to the right.


text: On Friday May 18 2007 11:13, Jan Dvořák wrote: > Well, I always thought shadow is bloated, but rewriting the whole thing? > If we stick to GNU/Linux and forget about everything else, just > concentrate on what HLFS/BLFS needs... yes, sounds doable. > > And as I look on the installed executables of shadow; what are those > like newgrp and others having letter 'g' in them for? I've never even > heard of them being used... gpasswd is "group password". Anything in shadow/src/ that starts with a 'g' is a group utility. Some of the utilities are silly, like 'pwck/grpck'. They're 24kb each, and check if the /etc/shadow file is formated correctly. This could be moved to libshadow so the checking is done whenever /etc/shadow is opened. It's usefull as a separate program only if you build an /etc/passwd file by hand, but if 'adduser' and 'passwd' can use a '--directory=' option then it's not needed. The 'newusers' program, 28kb, adds new users and groups from a list in a text file. Passwords are cleartext. A shell script could do this, and with hashed passwords. 'chpasswd' is almost the same. 'mkpasswd' functionality could be moved to 'passwd', with a --stdout option. 'mkpasswd' creates random passwords... what is this good for??? I can see uses for --stdout, for sending someone your hashed password. 'openssl passwd' does the same thing btw. 'vipw' could refuse to use an editor not owned by root, like if root has EDITOR=/home/user/bin/vim. Just an idea. 'vipw' does the same checks as 'pwck', which is another reason the check routine should be in libshadow. The 'groups' program does what 'id' already does. 'chage', 'chsh', 'chfn', and 'expiry', all do what 'usermod' does. They're redundant. For compatibility these programs, and manual pages, could be symlinked to 'usermod', to emulate those commands based on program-name (like busybox does). 'groupadd' and 'groupdel' share duplicate code (grp_update). 'useradd' and 'userdel' probably do too. These could be merged into a single program 1/3rd the size. These changes, plus the removal of PAM and Selinux, would reduce the source code by more than half. Making these utilities small isn't my goal, but the way they are now is ridicules... half of the code is duplicate functions. In bsd most of these programs share a pwdb library function (which includes the file format checking routines) to make changes to the password/user/group databases. NIS/YP could be handled in there too, instead of by each program. It might be tricky to keep compatibility with other packages, like kerberos. I haven't looked at how glibc/uclibc supports shadow-passwords. As far as I know nothing outside of shadow-utils should link to libshadow... programs like kerberos should get shadow-password support from libc. robert -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 189 bytes Desc: not available URL: <http://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/pipermail/hlfs-dev/attachments/20070519/0fa72eca/attachment.sig>


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text:
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons http://orthoinfo.aaos.org
Arthroscopy Association of North America http://www.aana.org
Canadian Orthopaedic Association http://www.coa-aco.org
Canadian Orthopaedic Foundation http://www.canorth.org
Bharam S, Philippon MJ. Diagnosis and management of acetabular labral tears in the athlete. International SportMed Journal. 2008;9(1):1-11.
Burnett SJ, Della Rocca GJ, et al. Clinical presentation of patients with tears of the acetabular labrum. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2006;88:1448-1457.
Hip Labral Tears. Arthorscopy Association of North America website. Available at: https://www.aana.org/VideoEducationLibrary/Articles/HipLabralTears/tabid/130/Default.aspx. Accessed May 6, 2013.
Hunt DH, Clohisy J, et al. Acetabular Labral Tears of the Hip in Women. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - Volume 18, Issue 3 (August 2007).
O'Kane J. Anterior hip pain. Am Fam Physician. 1999 Oct 15;60(6):1687-1696. Available at: http://www.aafp.org/afp/991015ap/1687.html. Accessed May 6, 2013.


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Lacevic Bakir Present position: Researcher at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo http://www.etf.unsa.ba/index.php?id=161 |
Thesis title: | Safe motion planning and control for robotic manipulators |
Advisor: | Paolo Rocco |
Research area: | Control, automation and measurement |
Thesis abstract: | This thesis represents an attempt to establish a framework for planning and control for the safe behavior of robotic manipulators. The framework exploits the knowledge of the system that is built upon the perception skills. This knowledge about the robot, human and the environment includes proximity/velocity measures and a purposefully designed safety assessment called danger field. According to the degree of danger, the robot reacts promptly, always maximizing the human safety. The approach is based on the generalization of the impedance control problem and a potential field method. Further, the possibilities of exploiting the redundancy are investigated, in order to minimize an overall danger without compromising the end-effector motion. Above the reactive, danger field based control, there is a global path planner that does not only provide the collision-free paths but strives for safer ones in order to reduce the overall danger in the planning phase. This is achieved by embedding a suitable safety-oriented heuristic function into some well known planning paradigms. Finally, a special attention is devoted to the guarantees for gentle and compliant behavior of the robot when the intended contact between human and the robot has been established. |


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Interview with MFA in Creative Writing Graduate Nagueyalti Warren
The following interview was conducted by MFA in Creative Writing faculty member Jan Clausen (JC) in April, 2006:
JC: You completed your MFA with an ambitious two-part creative thesis: a long narrative poem, Margaret, and a novel, Wade in the Water. This is quite unusual in that many MFA in Writing programs restrict students to a single genre. What was it like to work simultaneously in two genres?
NW: While at times the process was taxing, mainly due to time constraints, ultimately I think that I was able to employ the many techniques that I learned and practiced in writing and revising poetry to solve some technical problems in the novel. So in this way the poetry did influence the novel. However, an unintended consequence of working in the two genres was that the fiction/narrative process helped me in the creation of the persona poem. The greatest aspect of working in two genres was this synergy that resulted in what I hope are examples of good writing. If my works miss that mark, I believe they certainly are better than they would have been had I been confined to only one genre.
JC: Both of your creative manuscripts bring together an artistic vision and commitment to formal exploration with an impassioned involvement in representing the voices and struggles of African-American women. In other words, you reject the prevalent "mainstream" separation of literary values from social involvement. Could you talk about Goddard as a place to work from this inclusive perspective?.
NW: Goddard is the perfect place for walking/writing a different pathway. There is no overriding theory of art, no "official" aesthetic that one is forced to follow or emulate. Goddard's own history of social involvement and innovative approach to teaching and learning offer a paradigm for the creation of art and the development of a social consciousness.
JC: How did you respond to the low residency experience and the collaborative, self-directed approach to learning emphasized in the Goddard College MFA in Creative Writing Program?
NW: This was the best and at the time the only way for me to complete an MFA program. With a child still in college it was unlikely that I could resign my position. The self-directed approach and the one-on-one feedback from the instructors were so helpful. The residency was an opportunity to be in a community of writers and to be energized by like minds with similar dreams, goals, and projects. The cross-pollination that took place at the residency was valuable and encouraging.
JC: What about critical writing in Goddard's MFA program? How was it different from the approach to literary criticism you'd learned in your Ph.D. studies? How did you connect critical writing to your poetry and fiction?
NW: Critical writing in Goddard's MFA program is just the opposite of what I had learned in writing about literature. In literature classes I was taught to look for meaning and to explicate the text. The MFA approach focused on the form of the text, how it is put together, why it functions as it does and why it works or doesn't. By entering the text in this way, I saw how to do what in many ways I attempted to do with my own work. Reading for form is a valuable tool that I will continue to use.
JC: Could you talk about one of your really tough moments in the program and one moment that felt transformative?
NW: In my second semester at Goddard College my grandmother died, the senior associate dean at work retired (a humanitarian), and a social scientist replaced him transforming our office culture. I felt overwhelmed. I had to complete the critical paper, plus the annotations, plus the poetry, and the novel. I seriously contemplated dropping something, but since I could not decide which, and since my adviser said that I did not have to complete both projects, her statement magically relieved the pressure. Once I completed the critical paper I felt rejuvenated, maybe transformed. At any rate, I remembered why I'd come, not to do one but both and so I did.
JC: Is there anything else you'd like to comment on?
NW: Goddard had the perfect combination; one that I think is foolproof. It worked for me: reading, writing (annotations), writing (creative work), feedback (great advisers), revising.
JC: Now that you've graduated, what's next for your writing?
NW: Next for my writing is to be published, published, published! But while I am waiting, I plan to complete another writing project--a collection of poems.


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In chapter two of this adaptation of best-selling author James Pattersons' hit, explore exotic Egyptian landscapes in the time of the Boy King, as we discover that as Queen Nefertiti fails to produce a son, her Pharaoh, Akhenaten sires one with a lowly concubine. We also follow a young Howard Carter, the 19th century discoverer, as he learns the archeology ropes which will eventually bring him to the greatest find of the 20th century: The Tomb of Tutankhamen and the clues to his mysterious death!
Preview: The Murder of King Tut #2
Tue, July 13th, 2010 at 2:15pm PDT
- Story by
- James Patterson, Martin Dugard, Alexander Irvine
- Art by
- Christopher Mitten, Ron Randall
- Cover by
- Darwyn Cooke
- Publisher
- Cover Price:
- $3.99
- Release Date
- Jul 14th, 2010
- Browse for similar previews
<< G.I. Joe Origins #17 | Previews Archive | Mystery Society #2 >>


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tahoe blizzin
my first and only time at sugar bowl was yesterday, and conditions were a retarded level of intense.
blizzards blowing me all over the place, powder like i've never seen. we were riding clouds down the mountain, and the lifts felt like they were carried on tornadoes. i had forgotten how tricky it was dealing with situations like being stuck waist deep in complete fluff. the white out equivalent of flash floods kept jumping out of thin air. half of the time i was laughing like a madman. i slept like a newborn last night. holy shit, you guys. i wish you were all there. i love everything right now. i'm not sure what sugar bowl is usually like, but yesterday was my best ever. |
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Students and parents may pay online and add funds to their Penguin Passes electronically using our E-Pay System. Since Dominican University of California does not accept credit cards, the University partnered with CASHNet to offer a real-time, online, account balance lookup and an online payment gateway for students. Links located at the end of this webpage will link you to our online payment gateway.
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Vehicles damaged
by ladders on I-89
SHARON — Extension ladders that somehow ended up in the middle of the Interstate 89 northbound lane Friday afternoon damaged two vehicles but caused no injuries, according to Vermont State Police.
Police were called to a section of the divided highway near mile marker 15 just before 5:30 p.m. after two vehicles struck the ladders.
Police didn't say how the items came to be in the roadway, but indicated it may have been unintentional.
While the damage to the two cars was minimal, police said reminded motorists that failing to properly secure items while driving on public highways could result in a ticket and fine of up to $1,191.MORE IN This Just InPolice shut down West Street between Merchants Row... Full Story
Inmates cited after Full StoryDNA evidence helps Full Story -
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day 1739, 'Richard Palmer' identified in prison at York Castle as the notorious outlaw DICK TURPIN; IN 1836, Battle of the Alamo begins near San Antonio de Bexar, Texas; 1896, the Tootsie Roll invented by LEO HIRSCHFELD.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1472, Orkney, Shetland islands put up as collateral by Norway to Scotland in lieu of dowry for MARGARET OF DENMARK on her marriage with JAMES III, king of Scotland; 1962, JOHN GLENN first American to orbit Earth.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City mayoral candidates debate campaign issues; Hartford, Conn., woman still missing; Neal Goswami reports attempts to legislate suicide; local woman loses 100 pounds through TOPS program.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1878, JOHN TUNSTALL murdered near Lincoln, New Mexico, by the outlaw JESSE EVANS; in 1930, ELM FARM OLLIE first cow to fly in aircraft, first to be milked airborne; 1955, nuke test WASP; '79, snow in Sahara.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Herald News Editor Alan J. Keays and staff writer Gordon Dritschilo discuss stories planned for the February 18, 2015, edition of the newspaper: Winter budgets maxed, legal marijuana, Springfield bank job, USPS slowdown


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hi guys
just bought a old fiesta 1.6ghia on a 2001(y)
surprised how quich the little thing is its like a gocart
anyway to the down sides
the rear wiper doesnt work but also the washer doesnt too any ideas what it coud be?
another question is its done 106,000 miles im prosuming the timing belt has been done but at what milages are the due?
cheers for you time


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Series starts 11/30
Game 1: Friday, November 30th | ||
Trail Blazers | 78 | Final |
Celtics | 96 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Game 2: Sunday, February 24th | ||
Celtics | 86 | Final |
Trail Blazers | 92 | |
Recap »Boxscore » |
Trail Blazers 78
(6-10, 2-7 away)
Celtics 96
(9-7, 5-4 home)
7:30 PM ET, November 30, 2012
TD Garden, Boston, MA
Top Performers
Por: L. Aldridge 23 Pts, 8 Reb, 1 Stl, 1 Blk
Bos: J. Green 19 Pts, 3 Reb, 2 Ast, 4 Stl, 1 Blk
While they've had success in previous years, the Boston Celtics haven't been the same team this season without their All-Star point guard.
That's the challenge facing the Celtics in the next two games, starting on Friday night when they host the scuffling Portland Trail Blazers without Rajon Rondo.
Rondo was suspended for two games after starting a skirmish that sent players sprawling into the seats in a 95-83 loss to Brooklyn on Wednesday night.
Rondo, averaging 12.9 points and a league-leading 12.9 assists, will miss both Friday's game and Sunday's contest at Milwaukee.
The ban, though, might be coming at a good time. The Celtics (8-7) have won five in a row against the Blazers, including eight straight in Boston dating back to Portland's last win there in 2003-04.
Still, Rondo's second-quarter ejection ended his streak of 37 consecutive games with double-digit assists, which ties him with John Stockton for the second-longest in NBA history.
"I play the game the right way. I'm not a dirty player. Sometimes I let my emotions get the best of me, but I have no intention of hurting anybody," Rondo said after practice Thursday. "I go out there and compete every night, and that's how I play the game. I play the game hard; I play the game with an edge. I'm not a trash-talker. I don't play the game dirty. I play hard and when one of my guys are disrespected, I retaliated."
He was suspended twice last season, once for throwing a ball at a referee, and again during the playoffs when he chest-bumped an official while disputing a foul call.
While the Celtics were 10-5 without Rondo last season, they haven't fared as well without their star playmaker in 2012-13.
Boston lost 102-97 to the Nets on Nov. 15 when Rondo sat out with a sprained ankle and lost again Wednesday with Rondo missing most of the contest.
The Celtics, however, held on for a 98-93 win over Utah on Nov. 14 after Rondo left with the ankle injury late in the third quarter.
Veteran guard Leandro Barbosa, who started the Nov. 15 game against Brooklyn, is expected to fill in for the Celtics. He scored 17 points in his start against the Nets, but finished with two points on 1 of 5 shooting on Wednesday.
Boston will continue to rely on Garnett and Paul Pierce, the team's leading scorers. Garnett had 16 points and 10 rebounds while Pierce had 14 points for Boston, which fell into fourth place in the Atlantic Division.
While the Celtics are trying to pick up their third win in four games, the Blazers (6-9) are looking for their first win on their tough seven-game road trip.
Portland suffered perhaps its worst defeat of the season on Wednesday night, an 84-82 loss at Washington that let the Wizards end their franchise-worst 0-12 start.
"You don't want to be the first team, that's very embarrassing," forward Nicolas Batum said.
Batum and Damian Lillard finished with 20 points each for Portland, which fell to 0-3 on its road swing.
Lillard has been a bright spot for Portland, leading all rookies with 19.1 points and 6.1 assists per game. He's also provided the Blazers with a long-distance threat, making 11 3-pointers over his last four games.
LaMarcus Aldridge added 17 points on Wednesday, while J.J. Hickson had 15 and 19 rebounds for his third double-double in four games.
The Blazers, though, have struggled to get production off the bench.
Portland's reserves, who were outscored 46-4 by the Wizards on Wednesday, have managed an NBA-low 12.3 points per game.
Gameday Matchup
Injury Report
Portland | ||
| ||
Boston | ||
| ||
Fantasy Injury News | View NBA injury report |
Last 5 Games
Starting Lineup
SG W. Matthews 14.8 | PF K. Garnett 14.8 |
PG D. Lillard 19.0 | SG J. Terry 10.1 |
PF L. Aldridge 21.1 | SF P. Pierce 18.6 |
SF N. Batum 14.3 | SG C. Lee 7.8 |
PF J. Hickson 12.7 | C B. Bass 8.7 |
View full depth chart: Portland | Boston |
Team Stat Leaders
Points | L. Aldridge 21.1 | P. Pierce 18.6 |
Rebounds | J. Hickson 10.4 | K. Garnett 7.8 |
Assists | D. Lillard 6.5 | R. Rondo 11.1 |
Steals | W. Matthews 1.3 | R. Rondo 1.8 |
Blocks | L. Aldridge 1.2 | K. Garnett .9 |
Team rosters: Portland | Boston |


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You are here
Position Statement 47: Custody Relinquishment
As of 2002-2004, when this issue last received critical federal attention from the General Accounting Office and the Congress, more than 12,700 children were placed into state child welfare or juvenile justice systems each year in order to gain access to mental health care.1 Although some states2 now outlaw this practice for child welfare,3 and some states and school districts have provided funding to deal with the fundamental problem of lack of resources, substantial anecdotal information demonstrates that the practice continues.4 The 2009-2010 state fiscal crisis has effectively precluded5 state implementation of the 2006 Family Opportunity Act6 that was enacted to deal with this problem and threatens all Medicaid funding, so the resource problem remains acute. Mental Health America (MHA) remains resolved that requiring families of children with mental health and substance use conditions to relinquish parental rights in order to get mental health treatment for their children is both inhumane and counter-productive.
According to the final report issued by the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health1, the public mental health system "is in shambles."7 In no place is this more apparent than in the area of children's services, where barriers to accessing needed treatment through the mental health system still sometimes require parental custody relinquishment to the child welfare or juvenile justice systems.
Custody relinquishment can be required even if families have access to private insurance or public health programs. Implementation of federal and state parity laws will help families with access to private health insurance, but not enough. Because benefit plans do not cover a variety of service options, significant financial burdens remain. Families must sacrifice savings and retirement accounts and sell personal property as a means to finance the services their child needs to deal with a serious mental health or substance use condition.
Families that qualify for public insurance must rely on an under-funded public mental health system, which does not provide appropriate access to services or adequate treatment choices. Families that are living in poverty, but do not qualify for Medicaid or CHIP (Children's Health Insurance, as reauthorized and expanded in 20098) are even more desperate. For these reasons, and as a last resort when all else has failed, families are faced with trying to access mental health care through the child welfare or juvenile justice systems. In order to receive this publicly-funded care, families often must relinquish parental custody to the state. This breaking of the parent-child relationship is devastating for the child, family, and community.
Litigation under the Social Security Act (Medicaid and EPSDT – Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment), IDEA (The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act9), and constitutional claims based on the family privacy interests implicated by custody relinquishment have succeeded in developing some resources, especially school-based resources, and CHIP has provided federal funding for health insurance for children, which together have led to a decrease in custody relinquishment cases in the last 10 years.10 The Family Opportunity Act (passed as part of the 2005 Deficit Reduction Act and cited in footnote 5) provides for a buy-in program to expand Medicaid coverage to children who meet SSI disability criteria and whose family incomes are too high to be eligible under current regulations but fall below 300% of the Federal Poverty Level.11 However, states have failed to fund the program adequately during the current fiscal emergency, so this promise remains unfulfilled.
Health insurance reform at the federal level could make the Family Opportunity Act promise a reality. But the failure of the Congress to address the issue of custody relinquishment directly following the 2003 GAO study was a great disappointment,12 and the implementation of federal health care financing reform is a work in progress. Thus, state law reform and active litigation are still needed to fight loss of custody and increase treatment options.
In the "Great Recession" that began in 2009, the problem has actually gotten worse for some children and youth, now focused on juvenile justice placements:
As cash-starved states slash mental health programs in communities and schools, they are increasingly relying on the juvenile corrections system to handle a generation of young offenders with psychiatric disorders. About two-thirds of the nation's juvenile inmates - who numbered 92,854 in 2006, down from 107,000 in 1999 - have at least one mental illness, according to surveys of youth prisons, and are more in need of therapy than punishment.
We're seeing more and more mentally ill kids who couldn't find community programs that were intensive enough to treat them," said Joseph Penn, a child psychiatrist at the Texas Youth Commission13. "Jails and juvenile justice facilities are the new asylums."
At least 32 states cut their community mental health programs by an average of 5 percent this year and plan to double those budget reductions by 2010, according to a recent survey of state mental health offices.
Juvenile prisons have been the caretaker of last resort for troubled children since the 1980s, but mental health experts say the system is in crisis, facing a soaring number of inmates reliant on multiple - and powerful - psychotropic drugs and a shortage of therapists.14
Call to Action
Children and families should receive the services required to sustain their mental health without sacrificing their family integrity. Thus, MHA encourages affiliates, families and other concerned individuals and organizations to advocate for more state laws banning custody relinquishment requirements and for increased availability, accessibility, and appropriateness of mental health and substance abuse treatment.
Parents should be provided with information about the mental health and substance use treatment services that are available to address the needs of their child. Community-based services designed to eliminate the need for custody relinquishment should be created, implemented and sustained. This is the only way to further positive outcomes and family preservation.
Implementation of the Family Opportunity Act, Medicaid waivers and other mechanisms need to be developed to fill the need that has led to this inappropriate use of the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Insurance parity must be enforced to provide equal mental health coverage and the increased service options that children with mental health and substance use conditions need to ensure their health and wellness. The provisions of the Social Security Act (Medicaid and EPSDT), IDEA, and constitutional claims based on the family privacy interests implicated by custody relinquishment need to be actively litigated to fight loss of custody and increase treatment options.15 And the recent federal health care reform legislation (the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 201016) needs to be funded and fully implemented to consign custody relinquishment to the dustbin of history.
Effective Period
The Mental Health America Board of Directors approved this policy on June 13, 2010. It is reviewed as required by the Public Policy Committee.
Expiration: December 31, 2015
- CHILD WELFARE AND JUVENILE JUSTICE: Federal Agencies Could Play a Stronger Role in Helping States Reduce the Number of Children Placed Solely to Obtain Mental Health Services (GAO-13-397, April 21, 2003). http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03397.pdf. Estimate based on national survey conducted in 2001. See, generally, "Staying Together: Preventing Custody Relinquishment for Children's Access to Mental Health Services," Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law and Federation of Families for Children's Mental Health (1999) and "Relinquishing Custody: The Tragic Result of Failure to Meet Children's Mental Health Needs," Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law (2000), both available from Bazelon. PDF version of 1999 publication available at http://www.bazelon.org/issues/children/publications/stayingtogether/staying2.pdf.
- As of 2003, eleven states permitted access to child welfare services without loss of custody, and six states plus the District of Columbia forbade voluntary provision of child welfare services altogether. The remaining states had no clear policy on custody relinquishment. Id. And see "Staying Together: Preventing Custody Relinquishment for Children's Access to Mental Health Services," Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law (1999), available at http://www.bazelon.org/publications/children/index.html. This list has not been updated by the GAO or Bazelon nor is more recent information available from the National Conference of State Legislatures.
- Sometimes using a "voluntary placement agreement" to get around the custody issue, see references in footnote 1.
- Information from the Federation of Families for Children's Mental Health, NAMI and MHA affiliates, gathered in March-April, 2010. Texas, the only state for which coded data was obtained, documented that in 2008, in three of 788 cases of child welfare funding based on "refusal to assume parental responsibility," the underlying reason was "lack of mental health services."
- With only two known exceptions
- P.L. 109-171 (February 8, 2006)
- http://mentalhealthcommission.gov
- The Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA or Public Law 111-3) reauthorized the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). CHIPRA finances CHIP through FY 2013.
- P.L. 108-446 (December 3, 2004), 20 USC§1400.
- This information is purely anecdotal. The last known survey was the GAO survey, conducted in 2001.
- http://www.cms.gov/NewFreedomInitiative/downloads/LTC%20Roadmap%20to%20Reform.pdf
- The Keeping Families Together Act would have promoted comprehensive interagency systems of care for children with mental or emotional disorders by providing for six-year "Family Support Grants" to states to help build new state-level infrastructure. The bill would also have established a new federal interagency task force to examine mental health issues in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. In addition, it would have required states to report annually on the success of the programs and activities and the Department of Health and Human Services to provide a report to Congress evaluating states' success in addressing the custody-relinquishment problem. The bills remain pending (since 2004), but no action is expected prior to 2011.
- Acting Director of the Texas Youth Commission which provides mental health services to the state's juvenile correctional system.
- New York Times, "Mentally Ill Offenders Strain Juvenile [Justice] System," by Soloman Moore, August 10, 2009.
- Bazelon: Litigation Strategies: http://www.bazelon.org/issues/children/custody/litigation.htm
- -- P.L. – (March --, 2010) and – P.L. – (March --, 2010), http://democrats.senate.gov/reform/patient-protection-affordable-care-act.pdf and http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/F?c111:5:./temp/~c111N4zYWi:e658:, summary at http://www.whitehouse.gov/health-care-meeting/proposal.


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TGI Friday's Pot Stickers
5 stars
5 reviews
ready in: 30-60 minutes
serves/makes: 96
recipe id: 44585
cook method: stovetop
2 1/2 cups flour
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 cup hot water
1 tablespoon shortening or oil
1 pound ground pork
2 tablespoons soy sauce
1 tablespoon sesame oil
1 teaspoon grated ginger
1 pinch sugar
salt and pepper, to taste
3 green onions, chopped
1 egg
1 tablespoon cornstarch
1 can water chestnuts, finely chopped
1 clove garlic, minced
Dipping Sauce
1/2 cup soy sauce
1/4 cup white vinegar
1 teaspoon chili oil
1 green onion, chopped
Combine the flour, salt, hot water and shortening in a bowl and incorporate into a smooth dough. Allow the dough to rest for 20 minutes, covered.
Combine the filling ingredients. Combine the dipping sauce ingredients. Roll the dough out about 1/8 thick. Use a biscuit cutter or a glass to cut out 3 inch circles. Brush a little water over the circles and place about 2 teaspoons of filling in center. Fold the circles in half and press to seal, making sure to squeeze out any air. Stand the dumplings up on the folded side and press slightly so that they stand up nicely.
To cook, bring a pot of salted water to boil, and boil the dumplings until cooked through, about 5 minutes. Drain well. The dumplings may be frozen at this point for future use.
Heat a skillet with about 2 tablespoons oil and fry the dumplings on one side only, until nicely browned. Drain on paper towels. Serve with the dipping sauce.
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At this point in our media-saturated lives, we've seen enough athlete visits to the White House that a single random meeting of sports stars and our president does not register as a year-defining event. However, it's always notable when the NBA champion heads to the White House to meet with President Barack Obama, a genuine basketball obsessive . It's one of the few times (or maybe the only time) when the president seems just as excited to hang with the athletes as they are to meet with him.
On Monday afternoon, the reigning NBA champion Miami Heat stopped by the White House for their official visit with President Obama. Not surprisingly, they had a really good time. The highlight was a set of off-the-cuff (if not unplanned) remarks from superstar LeBron James, who spoke about the thrill of being at the White House and the Heat's roots. Beyond the words, though, it's obvious that he's just very excited to be there. A global basketball icon seems more like a little kid.
[Related: Heat's Chris Bosh a Hall of Famer? He thinks so ]
Check out the video of LeBron above (via The Point Forward ). After the jump, take a look at the jokes President Obama made at the Heat's expense, along with some photos from the scene and full video of the appearance.
As Obama noted, this was not the first time some members of the team had been to the White House. In August 2010, Obama played a star-studded pickup game with LeBron, Dwyane Wade , and Shane Battier, amongst others. On Monday, he joked that the game had a major effect on the Heat's title run:
A few of them were here a couple years ago for a pickup game on my birthday. Now, I'm not trying to take all the credit coach, but I think it's clear that going up against me prepared them to take on Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook. It sharpened their skills, it gave them the competitive edge they needed, and I think part of the reason they came back today is they wanted another shot at the old guy.
The jokes kept coming. Shortly after, President Obama pointed to Wade's shoes and asked a question of the assembled press:
If any of you can pull this off, other than Dwyane, let me know.
Obama also poked fun at reserve sharpshooter Mike Miller, whose Finals-record seven three-pointers in Game 5 helped clinch the title:
Mike Miller could barely walk. Mike, you look better now. You looked broke down, last year. ... He looked like an old man.
However, the president didn't only crack jokes. At various points in his brief remarks, he praised the Heat's resilience in coming back from their disappointing loss to the Dallas Mavericks in the 2011 NBA Finals, referring to Wade as the "heart and soul of the this team." He also commended the team's non-basketball endeavors, including the day's earlier visits with wounded troops at Walter Reed Hospital and the considerable efforts of James, Wade, and Chris Bosh to promote the importance of being a present and active father.
Imagine how different things would have been if the Heat had met with President Mitt Romney.
Source: Yahoo.com


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You are currently browsing the category archive for the 'visiting foreign naval vessels' category.
There's fog of war, and then there's warships in fog. Click here for another.
Note the Hoboken tower off the bow in the photo above and off the stern . . . below.
Click here for a link to the vessel L-810 Johan De Witt, and here for its namesake, a Dutch politician who was murdered by his opponents.
That's Ellen McAllister at the stern and Elizabeth alongside midships.
I'm guessing there is a photographer in this vessel.
See it there off the stern?
All photo taken this morning by Will Van dorp, who has been back in the sixth boro for over a week now but is still mostly "unpacking" the canal experiences, which will be shared shortly.
Here's a mouthful: behold the quite newly commissioned "French FREMM multi-mission frigate, Aquitaine."
The blue shed along her starboard side gives away the location . . . that's Red Hook . . . south end of Brooklyn Bridge park.
Here's the sum of the parts, at sunrise this morning. For a CGI walk through, click here.
Here's a frontal view of the stealth frigate. For more info, click here. DCNS was the builder.
All fotos by Will Van Dorp.
Here's a stealthy French warship that visited three years ago . . . and here are some fotos that include mine of the previously most recent French naval contingent in the sixth boro.
Of course, every day is water day in the sixth boro of the city of NY, and it's great that MWA and other sponsors have chosen for five years now to recognize that fact . . . on a big "get out on the water" day . . . because who OWNS the port . . . ultimately WE do, you and I, as citizens of this country. Many organizations manage it, enforce regulations in it, and fund educational activities about it . . . but WE own it, the port, the water . . . and support it with our taxes and our votes.
Enjoy this set of twelve fotos taken over roughly a 12-hour period yesterday. At daybreak, Pegasus and Urger were still rafted up on Pier 25. This foto shows two boats whose combined longevity adds up to over 215 years!!
Resolute was northbound over by the Murchison-designed Hoboken terminal . . . which means a larger vessel needing assistance MAY shortly be headed for sea. Here's another Murchison-designed mass transit building in what today seems an unlikely location.
North River itself works tirelessly as part of the effort to keep sixth boro waters clean.
Urger poses in front the the Statue. Lady Liberty was a mere 18-year-old when Urger (then C. J. Doornbos) first splashed into the waters of a Lake Michigan bay.
Indy 7 shuttles folk around as Soummam 937, the first Algerian warship ever to visit the sixth boro leaves for sea.
Little Lady II and a sailboat negotiate passage.
Laura K and Margaret Moran escort in container vessel Arsos (check its recent itinerary at the bottom of that linked page) and weave their way to the Red Hook container port through a gauntlet of smaller vessels, including Manhattan.
Catherine C. Miller moves a small equipment barge back to base.
Fire Fighter II hurries north on the Buttermilk Channel to respond to an alarm.
A flotilla (or bobbering or paddling or badelynge) of kayaks crosses the Buttermilk.
Pioneer tacks toward the north tip of Governors Island, leaving Castle William to starboard.
All fotos by Will Van Dorp on Bastille-sur-l'eau Day.
Related: I was overjoyed to read the NYTimes this morning and find this article about a vessel calling at Port Newark!! Bravo. Back a little over a week ago I was miffed about this article . . . about the port in Trondheim, which could just as well have been written about skilled workers anywhere in the sixth boro.
Also, I'm passing along a request from the Urger crew: if anyone sees a foto of Urger crew in any local print publications, please tell me so that I can look for a clipping to pass along to them. Thanks much . . . .
Unrelated: From today's NYTimes Book Review section, an essay by Douglas Brinkley and Johnny Depp on Woodie Guthrie, who would have turned 100 yesterday.
By the way, from Mitch's Newtown Pentacle, can anyone identify the tug in this post? I can't .
I thought all the vessels had left under cover of night. Unceremoniously. It turned out that the Japanese and Colombians had, but lots remained. So the best place to go was near the exit . . . everyone would depart through the Narrows. The forecast was 50 percent chance of rain all day, but I'd shoot from under an umbrella if necessary. At 10, tugs were ready for USS Gonzalez to cast off. Doubleclick enlarges fotos.
10:14 . . . she was under weigh.
10:23 . . . Responder returns for the next departee and Miller Girls (?) shuttles yokohamas back to Miller's home base.
10:38, posing for Black Hawk photogs with a better perch than mine.
10:55 . . . Cuauhtemoc is next.
11:15 . . . USS Donald Cook moves away.
11:25 . . . San Jac next?
Nope. 11:34 . . . Argus heads for the Narrows
leaving Brooklyn's "gold coast" (as on lots of these fotos) to port.
USS San Jac proceeds at 11:53 with escorts and fans aplenty.
11:56 . . . it's "local-build" USCGC Seneca.
12:26 . . . Elcano departs under 11 sails . . . and screw turned by " motor diesel sobrealimentado de 2.000 caballos de potencia."
Scotty Sky passes. . . WW2 vet and still at work, as is
12:50 . . . and I'd thought all vessels had exited, but here comes USS . . .
followed by LHD-1 USS Wasp with all her
like this Sea Stallion.
It's 13:38: Wasp has left the Narrows and Scotty Sky is topping off the tanks of Dewaruci.
Tankers wait in the anchorage, and
. . .oh wait . . . for today, the end of the parade is provided by Guayas.
Some of these vessels will reconvenrge in Norfolk. By 1400 yesterday, I know the French schooners, the Brazilians,
and the Indonesians were still in the sixth boro.
All fotos by Will Van Dorp, who is looking to score two XL OpSail shirts. Barters . .. anyone?
Here's the engine order telegraph and a bit of uniform. Guess the vessel? Doubleclick enlarges fotos.
Here's more signage. Identification later in the post.
And a closeup of the topsail furling system of Etoile, one of the French schooners.
More brass and brightwork on Etoile.
And the guard of the passerelle.
Not far away, crew on this vessel looked less inviting. Guess the nationality?
Canadian. She's guarding HMCS Iroquois, built in the same Quebec town as Mathilda!
Here was Iroquois last Wednesday converging with other vessels in the sixth boro, and
here she is nose to nose with USCGC (WLB 202) Willow, alternatively captured by bowsprite.
From the bridge deck of Argus, looking over the stern and toward the west . . . Governors Island and New Jersey beyond. Along the horizon near the south tip of Governors Island . . . those are the cranes of Bayonne and even fainter beyond that Port Elizabeth.
Here's the view from the forward positioned bridge. Back in 2007 I caught these fotos of Oslo Express, the only bridge-forward container vessel I can recall seeing in the sixth boro.
Here's a bit more info on Argus. My tour guide and globalsecurity.org describe Argus as the only vessel in the world to have a CT scanner. As it turns out, she also has a cat. This is Simon, and yes . . . Simon went off duty decades ago, but his healing presence in the hospital lives on. More sobering, Argus has patient monitors that allow patients to have a chance to survive IED-caused triple amputations.
Nearing dusk, yesterday afternoon . . . the Brooklyn vessels as seen from the water: stern of Seneca, Shirane, the French Belle Poule and Etoile, and Cuauhtemoc.
Which brings me back to the Mexican ship. Some of the cadets I spoke with finally explained this flag . . . it's the captain's personal flag . . . personal pirate flag, actually is what the cadet said.
Aboard were over 250 crew, who started their morning yesterday polishing brass before they let any visitors up the pasillo.
And the vessel was immaculate.
Below the stack here, I'm told, is a 1250 hp Cat.
All fotos by Will Van Dorp, who needs to get to another job now.
It had just finished pouring in Red Hook, 8 a.m. Here, looking SW are the two French schooners (l to r) Etoile and La Belle Poule, RFA Argus beyond extending overtop of the warehouse, Cuauhtemoc, Pohjanmaa now departed, and the bowspit of Elcano.
Virgin of Guadalupe adorns the jibboom tip of Cuauhtemoc.
This HAS to be one of the best ever figureheads.
The 1932 French schooners fly the French flag with the cross of Lorraine, in honor of their service to the Free French. Their design was once used by hundreds of French schooners that fished cod off Iceland.
Note the double booms (oh . . . I'm on thin ice with technical terminology here.) atop the topsail. I can't quite figure out how this furling/unfurling system works until I see it happen.
This helm and compass appeared here in April 27 in Jed's post from Fernandina Beach, FL.
Click to enlarge. The brass plate shows engine rpms for various orders, AV (forward) and AR (reverse).)
Recall that fleet week/OpSail happens in the context of regular traffic in the sixth boro, although I've seen NOT a word referring to these events in the NYTimes. Should I really conclude that in spite of how many folks stood in line to see these vessels today, NYC in general and in officialdom care very little for these events. But I digress . . . notice something new on the barge company logo?
Click here for a host of changes on Labrador Sea over the years I've followed harbor traffic.
Looking NE, that's JS Shirane, schooner Elcano, and Finnish mine layer Pohjanmaa.
I'm guessing these critters on the superstructure of Pohjanmaa are ermine; if so, does each symbol represent a number of "ermine laid" maybe? Sorry.
Argus was once a RORO container vessel called Contender Bezant. Today her roles include "primary casualty reception [PCR] ship" aka hospital, aviation training, drug interception, and disaster relief.
Self defense? Sniper rifles on board are used to disable engines of drug boats.
Here's her engine order telegraph.
Click here for another foto of Argus pre-conversion.
Here's part of her equipment for PCR duties.
Note the kayaker, seagull size, alongside Seneca.
Looking NW toward the southern tip of Manhattan, that (near to far) Willow and Iroquois.
Tomorrow I plan to visit Elcano, she of the four masts and
If you live near NYC , a great way to mark Memorial Day aka Decoration Day, visit any of the open piers. Check out the "early history" in this wikipedia link. I seized the morning out here, on DDG 57 USS Mitscher.
Here's the view forward from the starboard bridge wing,
to port were CG-56 USS San Jacinto and DDG-56 USS Donald Cook.
and starboard aft toward DDG-66 USS Gonzalez. On the tour I saw a wide range of specialists.
I had been assigned to Dewaruci, and went incognito, wanting to check some rumors . . . like . . as the US Navy has SEALS, but the Indonesians have
walruses!! And it turns out they do! Although, seriously, masks of different sorts are worn in traditional dances–reorgs–and the walrus represents strength.
Although Dewaruci was built at Stulken Sohn in Hamburg, begun in 1932 (pre-WW2 and therefore commssioned by the Dutch??) , it was completed in 1953, year four of Indonesian independence from the Dutch. The design, then, dates from a time that commercial sail still existed. But the detail on this vessel, currently on its last voyage, is phenomenal. I haven't seen so much wood carving on a vessel since I visited the schooner Anne.
and forward. The rest of the weekend I will be figurehead comparing, but this is hard to top.
Three main islands of Indonesia west to east are Sumatra, Java, and Irian Jaya; so the three masts–fore to mizzen–of the vessel are decorated in those styles. Here's Sumatran.
and Javanese
with Garuda and
Irian Jayan, actually the western end of the island of New Guinea.
and the engine order telegraph.
A poster onboard shows the itinerary for this last voyage. A replacement vessel is on order; I'm curious whether it will
carry the same figurehead and wood carving.
An intriguing poster on deck also shows all the commanding officers from 1953 to present, from Majoor A. F. H. Rosenow to Haris Bima B. Letkol Laut.
Meanwhile, I have confirmed that the Indonsian Navy has walruses, which I was unable to interview, and
Tomorrow I head over to Brooklyn.
All fotos and story by Will Van Dorp.
Here's some of my May 2010 coverage of Fleet Week's arrival. So Fleet Week and OpSail 2012 have converged, commingling state-of-the-art with traditional vessels. Now add into the mix F/A-18s and Hudson river water pumped through the system of 1931 John J. Harvey. Doubleclick enlarges fotos.
Leading the fleet is Eagle.
And leading the tall ships is J. S. de Elcano (1927).
The day was blessed with atmospheric light
…and acrobatic and disciplined sailors.
Not as common a name to our ears as Magellan, Elcano was Magellan's second-in-command and the one who completed "Magellan's circumnavigation" more than a year after Magellan was killed in 1521.
Vessels included destroyer USS Roosevelt (commissioned 2000),
Gazela (1901), (Get tickets to this weekend's Gazela theater here.)
USS San Jacinto (commissioned 1988),
and Dewaruci (launched 1953, keel laid 1932).
I wondered what these crew would do if the ominous sky sent thunder and lightning.
Etoile, I believe, was there as were
and Cisne Branco (2000) and HCMS Iroquois (1970, 1992).
Crew rode high in the rigging of Cisne Branco.
Cuauhtemoc (commissioned 1982) passed in review with
Emily Miller made the parade and in the distance, it's USS Gonzalez (commissioned 1996).
Click here for info on the namesake for DDG-66.
Appledore 5 crosses JS Shirane (commissioned 1980).
The sailing vessel heeled over is Summerwind (1929) and approaching is James Turecamo (1969), prepared to handle white hulls.
Pride of Baltimore II is especially significant, given that the rationale for an OpSail event this year is the bicentennial of the war of 1812. This fact also makes significant the participation by a Canadian and a British vessel in Fleet Week.
And huge flag . . . says it's Gloria (commissioned 1968), passing
RFA Argus, container ship turned floating hospital.
Colombian crew –men and women–in the rigging
and on the jibbom put on a colorful show.
Guayas (commissioned 1976)
had skyscraper crew at the very top of the mast.
And finally . . a return for USS Wasp. Notice the tug midships port side. Know it?
I was surprised to learned it was neither Charles D. nor Responder but Roderick (1967) ! Generally, Roderick is not a sixth boro tug.
And here's another unusual sight, commingling the power of a McAllister and a Moran assisting Wasp into the berth.
Parade over, Catherine heads back to the dock, as does Pioneer (commissioned 1885!!)
And a final shot for today, TWO French handiworks, Belle Poule and the Statue of Liberty.
Doubleclick enlarges most fotos. Few words here, but lots of fotos of the cast that has now converged. Count them . . . five here and
one more here, along with OOCL Kuala Lumpur in the distance, a lube tanker servicing an oil tanker closeup, and a dredger in the distance to the right.
From Colombia, it's Gloria, with Buchanan 1 towing two stone scows in the distance.
From Ecuador, it's Guayas, with a
From Indonesia, it's Dewaruci, with
From Mexico, it's Cuauhtemoc, which is also
From Brazil, it's Cisne Branco.
And finally, of the vessels already in Gravesend Bay, it's the schooner Juan Sebastian De Elcano.
All at anchor, awaiting the parade tomorrow.
Mare Atlantic also awaits orders or appointments within
view of the cliffs of Manhatan.
Thanks to Working Harbor Committee for organizing and executing this sneak preview boat tour tonight.
All fotos by Will Van Dorp.
Unrelated: See who I missed at South Street Seaport!@#@!!
I had planned to call this convergence, but the sixth boro or any harbor is much too dynamic a place for that title. Stuff in and stuff out . . . . From near to far here is Dewaruci, Arabian Sea, and Swan. Dewaruci, arriving here already last Thursday, was the vanguard of the flotilla that prompted me to think of this as "convergence,"
When Swan left and sank over the horizon, here's the track she followed for the rest of the day.
As she headed out, a flurry of other vessels moved out as well, like Mariposa. I'll bet she's the updated version of Butterfly, which used to call here. . . and maybe still does. These are non-interactive screen captures of AIS.
Anyhow, as Swan and Mariposa headed out, notice APL Indonesia and A. r. c. Gloria arriving. As thrilling as it was to see Gloria, I felt the same to see APL Indonesia, which I foto'd here three months ago headed outbound for China; THIS is the return, twice via the Panama Canal.
Let's follow more KVK outbound shipping.
Sunday night I also noticed Gazela exiting Delaware Bay. Almost two years ago, I stood watch on Gazela inbound from just east of Cape May and upward toward Wilmington, midnight to six, a thrilling experience. If you're local or can get here by this weekend, come see pirate burlesque on Gazela. Get tickets here.
As Mariposa and McAllister Girls tango eastbound on the KVK, crew retrieve Girls' line. Just a few days ago, Girls participated in the foggy loading process of Swan.
In the wee hours this morning, I noticed B. E. Guayas (all 257′ loa of her) approach from the south and Eagle from the East.
Line back onboard, crewman flakes it out for the next job.
Also in the wee hours this morning. APL Indonesia heads back for China already, passing between Pride of Baltimore 2 and Cuauhtemoc, converging upon the sixth boro. Here's a quite poor foto I got of her at Pier 17 five whole years ago . . . before this blog sprouted chin feathers!! For a guide to pronunciation, click here.
Also by Tuesday morning, more Opsail vessels have converged within the sixth boro. See Gazela at Pier 25 Manhattan, and over at the cement pier in Brooklyn is . . . . Alice!!! Alice Oldendorff!! My point is . . . Opsail happens within a context.
More vessels leave via the KVK Sunday to make way for those like APL Indonesia and scores of others arriving. Below are Cosco Kobe and MSC Natalia.
And when I woke up this morning, Eagle was doing a turn in the Narrows while Scotty Sky (52 years young . . . bless her vital Blount-built tanks!) was supplying Gloria with liquid sustenance.
Final shot . . . no one's walking the plank here. It's the docking pilot debarking Cosco Kobe (check out her port history and more here.) onto Catherine Turecamo.
Enjoy Opsail and Fleet Week, starting tomorrow. All fotos and captures by Will Van Dorp.
Latest . . . J.S. El Cano (1927 built and 371 ' loa) has popped up on AIS; I had seen her in the wee hours. Cisne Branco, La Belle Poule, Etoile, and all the FleetWeek vessels are still out of range or in stealth mode.
Unrelated: Who works at the highest elevation in NYC? Tom Gordon. And, bothered by the rain today? Read this from Zinder.
More context: Click on the word for ships (in no particular order) of the Mexican Navy, Ecuadorian Navy, Colombian Navy, Indonesian Navy, Brazilian Navy, and Spanish Navy.


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Short-term bears are circling Sirius XM Radio Inc (NASDAQ:SIRI - 3.15) today, placing bets that the stock's recent positive momentum will run out of steam by week's end. The most active option on the day is SIRI's January 2013 3-strike put, which has seen around 900 contracts change hands. The majority of these have gone off at the ask price, and implied volatility was last seen 1.9 percentage points higher, indicating buy-to-open activity.
In order for these bearish bets to be profitable by January expiration, traders need SIRI to finish out the week south of the $3 mark. Specifically, speculators paid a volume-weighted average price (VWAP) of $0.01 per contract, making breakeven at $2.99 (strike minus VWAP), or 5% below the stock's current price.
Widening the scope reveals that puts have been the options of choice on SIRI in recent weeks. In fact, the equity's 10-day International Securities Exchange (ISE)/Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE)/NASDAQ OMX PHLX (PHLX) put/call volume ratio of 0.97 ranks in the highest percentile of its annual range. In other words, option buyers are more pessimistically aligned now than at any other point during the past year.
Echoing this bearishly skewed bias is SIRI's Schaeffer's put/call open interest ratio (SOIR) of 0.60, which ranks above 81% of other such readings taken in the past year. In simpler terms, short-term speculators are more put-heavy than usual toward SIRI.
On the charts, SIRI has been stair-stepping its way to a string of new highs in recent months. Additionally, the equity has outpaced the broader S&P 500 Index (SPX) by 10 percentage points over the past 20 sessions, and bounced more than 23% off its most recent low of $2.55, which was recorded on Nov. 15.
This upward momentum has the stock's Relative Strength Index (RSI) of 72 wading in overbought waters, and SIRI is experiencing a modest pullback in today's session. At last check, SIRI -- which is being taken over by Liberty Media Corp (NASDAQ:LMCA) -- had given back 0.2% to trade at $3.15. However, the equity has finished two straight weeks atop the $3 mark. Should this level continue to hold as support through Friday's close, the most today's put buyers can lose is the initial premium they paid.


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Suggested Readings on the Civil War
BibliographiesĀ | Ā GeneralĀ | Ā Soldier's LifeĀ Bibliographies
Barbuto, Domenica and Martha Kreisel. Guide to Civil War Books: An Annotated Selection of Modern Works on the War Between the States. Chicago: American Library Association, 1996.
Cole, Garold. Civil War Eyewitnesses: An Annotated Bibliography of Books and Articles, 1955-1986. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1988.
Eicher, David J. The Civil War in Books: An Analytical Bibliography. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997.
Harwell, Richard Barksdale and E. Merton Coulter. In Tall Cotton: The 200 Most Important Confederate Books for the Reader, Researcher, and Collector. Austin: Jenkins Pub. Co.; Frontier America Corp., 1978.
Murdock, Eugene C. , ed. The Civil War in the North: A Selective Bibliography. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1987.
Nevins, Allan, James I. Robertson, Jr. and Bell I. Wiley. Civil War Books: A Critical Bibliography. Baton Rouge: Published for the U.S. Civil War Centennial Commission by Louisiana State University Press, [1967-69].
Woodworth, Steven E., ed. The American Civil War: A Handbook of Literature and Research. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1996.
Beringer, Richard E., Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William N. Still. Why the South Lost the Civil War. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1986.
Berlin, Ira. Slaves No More: Three Essays on Emancipation and the Civil War. Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Boatner, Mark Mayo. The Civil War Dictionary. Rev. ed. New York: McKay, 1988.
Boritt, Gabor S., ed. Why the Confederacy Lost. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Bosse, David C. Civil War Newspaper Maps: A Historical Atlas. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
Bowman, John S. The Civil War Day By Day. New York: Dorset Press, c1989.
Catton, Bruce. The American Heritage New History of the Civil War. New York: Viking, 1996.
Clinton, Catherine and Nina Silber. Divided Houses: Gender and the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Current, Richard N., ed. Encyclopedia of the Confederacy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993.
Denney, Robert E. The Civil War Years: A Day-By-Day Chronicle of the Life of a Nation. New York: Sterling Pub. Co., c1992.
Faust, Drew Gilpin. The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.
______. Southern Stories: Slaveholders in Peace and War. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1992.
Faust, Paticia L. Historical Times Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Civil War. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
Foner, Eric. A Short History of Reconstruction, 1863-1877. New York: Perennial Library, 1990.
Ford, Lacy K. Origins of Southern Radicalism: The South Carolina Upcountry, 1800-1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Hauptman, Laurence M. Between Two Fires: American Indians in the Civil War. New York: Free Press, c1995.
Jimerson, Randall. The Private Civil War: Popular Thought During the Sectional Conflict. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, c1988.
Josephy, Alvin M., Jr. The Civil War in the American West. New York: A. A. Knopf,. 1991.
Linden, Glenn M. and Thomas J. Pressly. Voices from the House Divided: The United States, Civil War as Personal Experience. New York: McGraw-Hill, c1995.
Mathis, Ray, ed. In the Land of the Living: Wartime Letters by Confederates from the Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia. Troy, Ala.: Troy State University Press, 1981.
McPherson, James M. The Atlas of the Civil War. New York: Macmillan, c1994.
______. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Era of the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
______. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. 1997.
______. Ordeal by Fire. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
______. What they Fought For, 1861-1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, c1994.
Neely, Mark E., Harold Holzer, and Gabor S. Boritt. The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, c1987.
Oakes, James. Slavery and Freedom: An Interpretation of the Old South. New York: Knopf, 1990
Oates, Stephen B. The Approaching Fury: Voices of the Storm, 1820-1861. New York, NY: HarperCollinsPublishers, c1997.
Paludan, Philip. A People's Contest: The Union at War, 1861-1865. 2nd ed., with a new pref. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996.
Perman, Michael, ed., Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction. 2nd ed. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, c1991.
Potter, David Morris. The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.
Rable, George. Civil Wars: Women and the Rise of Southern Nationalism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1991.
Royster, Charles. The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.
Sewell, Richard H. The House Divided: Sectionalism and Civil War, 1848-1865. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, c1988.
Stokesbury, James L. A Short History of the Civil War. New York: W. Morrow, c1995.
Thomas, Emory M. The Confederate Nation, 1861-1865. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.
Vandiver, Frank E. Blood Brothers: A Short History of the Civil War. College Station, Tex.: Texas A & M University Press, 1992.
Vinovskis,Maris, ed. Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays. Cambridge [England] ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Werner, Emmy E. Reluctant Witnesses: Children's Voices from the Civil. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998.
Soldier's Life
Billings, John Davis. Hardtack and Coffee: The Unwritten story of Army Life. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.
Cooke, John Estern. Outlines from the Outpost. Chicago: Lakeside Press, 1961.
Hess, Earl J. Union Soldier in Battle: Enduring the Ordeal of Combat. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 1997.
Madden, David. Beyond the Battlefield: The Ordinary Life and Extraordinary Times of the Civil War Soldier. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.
Stern, Philip Van Doren. Soldier Life in the Union and Confederate Armies. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1961.
Wiley, Bell Irvin. The Life of Billy Yank: The Common Soldier of the Union. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.
______. The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978.
Suggested Readings List by Sheila McAlister
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