text:
From Montana
The Magazine of Western History, 52 (Summer
2002), 38-47; this article is presented |
Pacific Memories- Montana National Guardsmen Recall the Fighting on New Guinea in World War II
Buoyed by their Hawaiian success, the Japanese had slashed their way through the Philippines'taking Bataan and Corregidor in 1942'and then captured other Pacific lands all the way to New Guinea. New Guinea, the second largest island in the world with a land mass twice that of the state of Montana (some 320,000 square miles), lay 1,500 miles southeast of the Philippines.2 Its interior was covered by dense jungle, and the convoluted Owen Stanley Mountains, like a dragon's spine, divided the island into two plains that sloped down to the sea. Port Moresby on the island's southern coast was only 340 sea miles from Australia. If captured, the port would likely provide a staging ground for a Japanese invasion of Australia and New Zealand.
To meet this threat, the United States, in cooperation
with Australian troops, set about retaking New Guinea, as well as the
Solomons and other islands, as the first steps in a return to the Philippines
and ultimately an intended invasion of Japan. Significant in this strategy
were the men of the 163rd Regiment led by Colonel Jens Doe. After nine
more months of special training, they arrived in Port Moresby at Christmastime
1942 as part of the 163rd Combat Team. Their assignment from General Douglas
A. MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the Southwest Pacific area, was to
bolster the weary Aussies, the 32nd Division (a National Guard unit from
Wisconsin and Michigan), and other American support troops who had been
slowly pushed southwest across the dense coastal plain into the Owen Stanley
Mountains, only thirty miles from Port Moresby.
Conditions in New Guinea tested soldiers' endurance. They suffered battle stress, strange insects (left), illness, heat, humidity, and inadequate food, medicine, and weapons, but their regard for one another, and the aid of their medics, sustained them. Medical Corps Captain M. D. Holcomb (detailed below, right) poses in April 1944 with his medical supplies carried in a .50 machine gun ammunition box. Holcomb was awarded the Montana Legion of Merit after the Sanananda-Buna Campaign in 1943. |
Few, if any, Montana boys had known that such a place as New Guinea existed, but after being there, even for a short while, they could never forget it. Airlifted over the Owen Stanley Mountains to the Dobodura landing strip, an airstrip in the kunai grass on the torrid Sanananda-Buna plain, the guardsmen found themselves instantly thrust into wretched jungle fighting. The daytime temperature was often 95 degrees, the average humidity 85 percent. The line of vision through the dense, dripping jungle ranged from five to fifty yards. Insects filled the oppressive air. Necessary supplies of food, medicine, ammunition, and various weapons of war'tanks, flame throwers, bazookas'were inadequate or nonexistent. (To the ire of General MacArthur, the Joint Chiefs of Staff had determined that the European theater received first priority for supplies.)
What the human body could endure was tested to the limit. Sergeant Leslie D. Slyter recalled the misery of daily life: 'People can't live in conditions that were there. Everything that lit on you you picked at and it made you sick. Everything you touched cut you. Everything you drank gave you dysentery. Men groaned at night because they could not control their bowels, and the very worst of all was malnutrition. . . . Fear was present all of the time, but you couldn't show it, particularly if you were in charge of others.'3
Of the initial days in battle, Sergeant Ed Hula of Columbia Falls, who had joined Company F in a spirit of patriotism and adventure, remembered: 'At first it seemed good to be going to war with longtime friends. But I soon wished that I were in an outfit of strangers. It was terribly hard . . . to see close friends struck down in action. . . . Ken Felix [of Kalispell] was killed in ambush not far from my position. I . . . remember my shock at the loss of so young a man. . . . And after an engagement you go and pick up your dead. You see, the Japanese were starving and there could be cannibalism.'
Recalling conditions, Slyter explained: 'Basic training doesn't train you [to witness death]. You learn to march well, to salute sharply, but first seeing a guy dead or wounded'you can't train for that. That was when the flag came down for me.' Under such conditions, the military ideals of patriotism and duty no longer served as motivating factors in the field. As Stephen Ambrose has observed, GIs fought because they had to; what held them together was not patriotism but cohesion'regard for one another.4
Out of the Sanananda-Buna campaign, completed January 22, 1943, three Montanans were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, one received the Legion of Merit award, and thirty-four were awarded Silver Stars. The 163rd Regiment captured unprecedented amounts of Japanese equipment in what was acclaimed as the first major Japanese defeat of the war. Eighty-five hundred Australian and American men were killed or wounded and an untold number stricken with disease.
For the average soldier, though, these strategic gains seemed almost inconsequential when compared to the daily torments of physical stress and disease. Private Andy Mills of Company F remembered: 'You might not get your boots off for a week and when you did the skin come with 'em. And the malaria took the guys'the company was down to twenty or thirty at one time from a hundred and fifty.' Andy had a serious bout of malaria and was hospitalized off and on for several months. But he was lucky on the score of dysentery, which plagued the troops. His dysentery lasted just a few days, a mild case compared to men who would find themselves unable to function after months of suffering. At the time he and three others were in an outpost foxhole on a coastal point where a river ran into the ocean. 'When I was hit with the need to let loose I shed my clothes, went for a swim in the ocean. I returned through the fresh water of the river and got back into my sack feeling better.... Yeah, and lucky not to have been sighted by a sniper!'5
With Sanananda-Buna plain secured, the effort to capture the Japanese-held coastal points of Finschhafen, Aitape, Hollandia, Toem and the islands of Wakde and Biak intensified. They were stepping stones to the Philippines and rendered air bases to help control the oceanic passage between New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. This phase of the campaign permitted brief, intermittent intervals in rest camps, but respite from the fighting was rare. General Walter Krueger wrote at war's end that 'the absence of leave areas where officers and men could relax from the dangers and hardships they had endured . . . for many months . . . presented . . . a serious problem. . . . The only diversion the troops had consisted of movies and occasional entertainments put on by uso entertainers.'6 One of those entertainers was the beloved comedian Joe E. Brown who would go anywhere to perform for allied service personnel. His wide grin and funny antics belied a deep
Sites captured from the Japanese provided staging areas for an invasion of the Philippines and air bases to help control oceanic passages between New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The soldiers at right, in a rare respite from the fighting, gathered to enjoy an Artie Shaw performance. |
sadness at the loss of one of his sons in the war.
A major success, and an important turning point, was achieved with the occupation of the island of Biak on August 24, 1944. Of that island General Robert L. Eichelberger said he could not believe that the terrain of any other Pacific island could be tougher. There, the Japanese had virtually abandoned 10,000 troops, who holed up in caves and jungle with orders to fight to the last man. Of the Biak fighting, by-now General Doe wrote that the 41st Division had come through with a shining record: 'The infantry soldier was the one who met in hand-to-hand combat the crack troops of the Japanese, threw him from his positions, destroyed him, and gave us our victory.' 7 Though praising the infantry, General Doe did not by any means overlook the contributions of the support services'the supply, ordnance, medical, quartermaster, signals corp, and engineering personnel. All in all, it took about twelve people in these various specialties to serve each infantryman. Stellar among these were the members of the medical corps. Said Doe of the medics: 'Their devotion to duty in caring for our wounded is worth every bit of praise we can bestow. The medical personnel of the Division have received more decorations in proportion to their numbers than any other branch.'8
Being a medic did not appeal to everyone. Many young men, in a misplaced sense of bravado (a sentiment that combat would quickly change), thought that being a medic was not sufficiently 'macho.' Really brave men served in the infantry, they argued, while those afraid of combat, sometimes 'conscientious objectors,' signed on as medical corpsmen to avoid danger. In theory, personnel treating the wounded received protection under the terms of the diplomatic convention held at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1864. Medical personnel in the field were required to wear an arm band with a red cross on it designating that they were to be spared from enemy fire because of their humanitarian status and restriction from carrying weapons. Medics quickly learned in the Southwest Pacific, however, that these conventions were meaningless. Japanese snipers used the arm band as a target, forcing American medics to carry rifles to protect themselves and their patients. Wherever infantrymen went, the medics accompanied them, ready to perform first aid services on the front lines under all conditions. Of the medics, Leslie Slyter remembered: 'We didn't have enough medics . . . but the ones we had were all very, very good. They were all called 'doc'.'9
Kenneth Clothier of Kalispell had wanted to enlist in Company F when he heard rumors in early September 1940 that a call-up for training was imminent. Finding it full, he signed on with the Whitefish Medical Detachment of the 163rd Infantry Regiment, intending to transfer to the infantry when the opportunity arose. In time, however, he found that he liked the training and the purpose of the medics. Clothier recalled the initial landing at Dobodura, where the 163rd Combat Team unloaded, got their stuff, and started hiking into the jungle. From there, 'she was fightin' all the time. You dug a foxhole and about six inches down she filled with water. You dug deeper and got more water. Anything that moved after dark was fair game. Had to go to the bathroom you did her right
Especially revered by the 163rd Regiment were members of the medical corps, including the Third Battalion medics pictured at left on Biak in October 1944. The locals also earned Americans' respect for their skill in gently bearing the wounded through the region's rough, muddy terrain. Courtesy Montana Chapter, 163rd Infantry, 41st Division, Helena Office |
there. If you got out to go some place, you was a dead duck.'10
Normally a medic was assigned to each platoon and accompanied its men on whatever action they pursued. The first casualty Clothier saw was a young man from Chicago: 'It was just like somebody had took an axe and cut a big piece of pie right out of his shoulder. The arm was just hanging by a piece of skin. In the aid station we patched him up as good as we could then evacuated him to regimental hospital which was not too far away. There the arm was removed.' Sometime later Clothier learned that in civilian life the man had been a pianist. What, he wondered, would the fellow do now?11
New Guinea was populated by many tribes of indigenous people. They were often fierce looking, wearing bones in their noses and other adornments novel to Americans. The women were usually bare breasted and most everyone had frizzy hair, earning them the sobriquet 'fuzzy-wuzzies.' Most of them were inclined to be friendly with the Allied troops, in part because they had been abused by the Japanese. Often they spoke English, having been taught by missionaries, but they really earned the Americans' respect when they proved exceptionally helpful in bearing litters. Clothier said: 'They were really great. Moved gently on bare feet'as gently as riding on an air bus'over rough, muddy terrain
The indigenous people of New Guinea were inclined to be friendly with Allied troops. Above, two islanders pose with Captain Satran in 1943. In addition to transporting wounded soldiers, native islanders unloaded ships, carried supplies, and built roads. |
with consideration for their American and Australian patients. They were not always as careful with the few Japanese captives.' He made friends with some of them and in later years often wished that he could go back to visit.12
Despite the grave risks the medics took for the wounded, they were not always particularly inclined to be sentimental about their patients, especially if they were putting other soldiers at risk. Ken Clothier, for instance, recalled a night when 'there was a sort of loonie in our outfit who started yelling and carrying on. I backhanded him a good one and he shut up. His noise could have attracted a Jap infiltrator.'
On another night when action was heavy, Clothier heard calls for a medic. Responding, he found a fatally injured American who had accidentally been shot by a soldier from his own platoon. Everyone was upset; the man's comrades could not accept the accident and insisted that medic Clothier treat him'in effect, bring him back to life. There was nothing Clothier could do but drag the man's body from the immediate area and leave it until daylight.13
Such 'friendly fire' killings were always deeply disturbing. Mortars in particular seemed indiscriminate in inflicting casualties. Sergeant T3 Ralph 'Sully' Taylor of the Whitefish Medical Detachment recalled an incident on the island of Biak: 'A mortar blast killed our own guys. The shell didn't go where it was supposed to, not to where it was pointed. It hit an M Company tent and killed four and wounded seven. Dr. Kotner and I worked most of the night patching together broken limbs, stopping bleeding and getting guys back to the area hospital. Mortars could be bad news.'14
The duties of Technical Sergeant Roy Duff in the Whitefish Medical Detachment, where he was 'top kick,' the top noncommissioned officer, were primarily administrative, involving lots of record keeping and paper shuffling in the headquarters compound, which was somewhat removed from the line of battle. But he remembers that upon landing at Dobodura the detachment walked to its first battle assignment near the active Fiske perimeter. 'Christ, do I remember it. There was bullets whizzing all around and loud noises of gunfire; some of the worst noises came from bullets hitting the big leaves of jungle growth. Sounded like an explosion. . . . We set up an aid station dug out of the
Hundreds of thousands of Americans served in the armed forces in World War II, but it was in the wilds of New Guinea that Montanans who had joined the Montana National Guard faced the grim realities of battle. Major Art Lowe (right) surveys the strafed buildings and trees of Aitape, New Guinea, in 1944. Below, a jeep bogs down on the main road between Dobodura and Oro Bay in May 1945. |
The Japanese hospital mentioned by Duff was the scene of unexpected action led by Major Walter R. Rankin of Bozeman, Montana. While leading a force through jungle terrain in an effort to join Aussie troops, he and his men entered an area littered with dead Japanese and came upon a disheveled Japanese field hospital. Intending to spare the facility out of humanitarian regard, Rankin found himself and his men under attack from able-bodied Japanese who had concealed themselves as patients, even lying next to rotting corpses. Rankin gave orders to spare no one. Tokyo Rose, the infamous Japanese broadcaster, called the Yank force the 'Butchers of Sanananda' and warned that they would never leave New Guinea. Journalists and fellow fighting men of the 163rd dubbed them 'Rankin's Racers.' After more than fifty years, recollections of the horrific sights, smells, and action remain wrenching for those who were there.
A general problem for all was that for long periods the food was sparse and not much good. When the oatmeal was wormy, for example, what you did was put some of it in a canteen cup, cover it with water, and let the worms float to the top. Those you skimmed off. Repeat the process two or three times then cook it, don't look too closely, and eat it down.17
Experienced combatants expressed sorrow for the fledgling recruits, generally draftees, brought in to fill vacancies. 'They just got off the boat and came in. . . . They'd line 'em up and give 'em a talking to and tell 'em, 'Just forget everything you learned in the States about fighting. Each one of you guys'll be with a guy that knows what the hell is going on. Pay attention to him and you might live till morning. If you don't you won't.''18
With the capture of Biak in late July 1944, New Guinea was finally rid of Japanese encroachment, and Biak provided a landing strip for the next thrust into the Philippines. Relatively early in the Philippine campaign, on October 21, 1944, General MacArthur was able to fulfill his oft-quoted 'I
The Philippine city of Zamboanga, torn by American bombs in 1945 (below), was one of many important posts captured by the 41st Division in their northward advance following the taking of Biak, New Guinea, in late July 1944. |
shall return' pledge when he waded ashore at Leyte Gulf. Thereafter the 41st Division, including the 163rd Regiment, participated in a number of amphibious landings and the capture of many important posts'Zamboanga, Jolo, Palawan, Mindoro, Davao, and others'actions that continued well into summer 1945.
While the fighting could be heavy at times, in general the conditions were not as fearsome as those of New Guinea. As the Japanese were pushed from their strongholds, there was more time for recreation, including baseball games, basketball, and parties. In the Philippines, the work of medics necessarily expanded to addressing not only battle casualties but the ills of the civilian populations and military and civilian prisoners liberated from the Japanese, who needed extended care for disease, mistreatment, and malnutrition.
Medics also found that venereal disease increased alarmingly as the troops moved closer to Philippine urban centers. Roy Duff, by now promoted to lieutenant, and Dr. Goldfein, a local woman doctor for whom he had great respect, were responsible for surveying civilian needs and inspecting the many brothels and devising appropriate responses. They also saw to the inoculation of hundreds of civilians against cholera, even venturing into the hills under armed guard to vaccinate guerilla defensive forces. The condition of newly released prisoners was deeply disturbing. Duff's diary entry for February 16, 1945, reflects in part the bitterness many veterans felt toward the Japanese: '5 nurses were brought in from Luzon [Philippines] today after being prisoners since '42. 2 pregnant'1 had a Jap kid and other two with venereal disease. These little dinks should have to pay someday.'19
Soldiers lived in close, uncomfortable quarters in New Guinea, and even when they returned home, leaving the stifling tent camps behind, many suffered difficult adjustments to civilian life. Some veterans of the 163rd Regiment continue, more than sixty years later, to struggle with the horrors of the war. |
Meanwhile, planning was underway for the most daunting challenge of all: the invasion of Japan itself. The 41st Division, including men of the 163rd Regiment, did finally arrive in Japan in October 1945, landing near Hiroshima as a security force some weeks after the atomic bombing of that city. The regiment was no longer 'Montanan,' perhaps no more so than 20 percent, for it had been altered by numerous replacements and transfers. As part of the 41st Division, the regiment was officially disbanded on December 31, 1945.
Meanwhile, thousands of Montanans, men and women, had been serving'doing their duty'in various other service branches at sea and around the world. Many of them, too, were lost and many more were wounded in mind and body. The number of Montanans killed is believed to be about 2,500; the exact number remains unknown. The Montana Historical Society has listed the names of 1,553 known to have died.20
If the advent of war and the undreamed-of shipment into a world of violent action had come as a shock for Montana Guardsmen, the end of hostilities and the mustering out of service paradoxically brought its own set of traumas, perhaps more subtle, but nevertheless profound. Individuals handled it in various ways. Some soldiers, to escape the memories of the fighting, vigorously sought out merriment and other diversions. When heading home to Whitefish by train from Fort Douglas, Utah, Ken Clothier and his buddy Bob Pearson from Kalispell had to change trains in Butte, where they had a three-hour layover. What better than to visit a few bars? There they were treated as heroes, lavished with free drinks, and the three-hour layover extended into three days. Clothier spent much of the following year 'partying.'21
When Leslie Slyter first returned to his mother's living room, there was much laughter at his expense as he caught sight of a prominently displayed photo of himself flanked by three bare-breasted, wild-haired Native women. He had mailed it long before with an inscription that said, 'They are looking better all the time!'22
But homecoming was not all laughs. Joyous to be 'out,' the question became, What now? The welcome return to civilian status was a time of confusion for many. Certainly, the state and federal governments recognized the need to help returning soldiers. In 1944 Congress had enacted the unprecedented Servicemen's Readjustment Act, popularly know as the GI Bill, that enabled millions of returning soldiers to buy homes at low interest rates and to prepare for civilian careers through fully paid education. The Montana legislature passed an act in 1949 to provide a cash bonus to the Montana men and women who had served.
Sadly, the transition from the horrors of New Guinea to life back in Kalispell or another Montana community proved to be a difficult adjustment for many returning soldiers. Some had been away for as long as five years. There were small sons and daughters yet unmet. Relationships, maintained as well as possible by correspondence through the outstanding military mail service and 'V-mail' (no postage stamp needed, just write 'FREE' in the upper right-hand corner of the envelope), had to be renewed, reconciled, readjusted. Patience, sometimes in short supply, was required.
Thinking of his homecoming, Ed Hula nervously chuckled: 'I nearly killed my wife a couple of times in my sleep. I was still fighting the war in my dreams.' More disconcerting was the relationship between the father and the three-year-old son whom he had never seen. As a sergeant, Hula was accustomed to giving orders and having them obeyed. Direct orders to a three-year-old did not go over very well, and the mother had to patiently endure the conflicts.23
A few vets turned to alcohol and drank up their bonuses in a few short months. Some, like Hula, struggled with recurrent dreams of terror; there were lingering effects from disease, especially malaria; and there had been permanent injuries'loss of limbs, paraplegia, and 'battle fatigue,' later known as 'post-traumatic stress syndrome.' For some it took ten years or more to feel 'normal,' 'settled in,' and purposeful. One soldier from Whitefish, Corporal Bill De Vall, now in his early eighties, still struggles with the sensitivities of conscience. On Biak he and six other men of Cannon Company were ordered to lay concealed and stop any Japanese attempt to reach a desperately needed cache of rice. Just at dusk, thirty-seven of them appeared, making their way slowly down a steep trail. 'We killed five and the rest fled out of sight.' There was intermittent fire back and forth throughout the night. In the morning the GIs searched the casualties for maps or other information that might be useful. De Vall found a silk Japanese flag that he kept. 'This flag . . . is something I . . . [could not forget.] . . . I have carried this burden for too long. In recent years I have felt an urgency to find some family of this soldier so I can put this memory to rest'to return this flag and say I am sorry. . . . I would like the families of these men to know that . . . [we gave] these men a decent burial. . . . We did the best we could.'24
Not all of DeVall's compatriots shared his depth of feeling, but his struggle of conscience over his foe's fate illustrates the ordinary human decency of a young man forced into extraordinary and brutal circumstances. His confession is a soul-stabbing indictment of the extent of war's evils'as if the shadows of loneliness, fear, pain, illness, hunger, and death were not enough.
CARLE F. O'NEIL is a second- generation resident of Kalispell, Montana, and a one-time schoolmate of many of the members of National Guard Company F. He served in the Pacific as a member of the United States Navy during World War II. He has published several studies of Flathead Valley history and a book of short stories based on his career as a correctional institution administrator.
1. Leslie D. Slyter, interview by author, Kalispell, Montana, September 8, 1999, tape recording in the collection of the author.
2. In 1828 the Dutch formally claimed the western half of New Guinea, and in 1885 Germany annexed the northern coast and Britain the southern coast of the island's eastern half.
The British lands became known as the Territory of Papua after Britain transferred its claim to newly independent Australia in 1906. The German lands, which came to be known as the territory of North-East New Guinea, were governed by Australia after World War I. Following the end of World War II, Australia granted home rule, and in 1975 Papua New Guinea became an independent nation. The western half of the island, now known as Irian Jaya, was slated to become independent after the era of the Dutch East Indies colonies ended in 1949, but was instead annexed by Indonesia.
3. Slyter interview.
4. Ed Hula, interview by author, Columbia Falls, Montana, September 20, 1999, tape recording in the collection of the author; Slyter interview; Stephen Ambrose, Citizen Soldiers: The U.S. Army from Normandy Beaches to the Bulge to the Surrender of Germany, June 7, 1944'May 7, 1945 (New York, 1997), 478.
5. Andy Mills, interview by author, Kalispell, Montana, September 13, 1999, tape recording in the collection of the author.
6. Walter Krueger, From Down Under to Nippon: The Story of the Sixth Army in World War II (Washington, D.C., 1953), 234.
7. Jens A. Doe, General Orders No. 65, quoted in William F. McCartnay, The Jungleers: A History of the 41st Infantry Division (Nashville, Tenn., 1988), 184.
8. Ibid. Italics added.
9. Slyter interview.
10. Kenneth Clothier, interview by author, Kalispell, Montana, October 28, 1999, tape recording in the collection of the author.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Memoir of Ralph 'Sully' Taylor, former Whitefish resident living in Puyallup, Washington, provided in a December 2001 letter to the author.
15. Roy Duff, interview by author, Whitefish, Montana, February 16, 2000, tape recording in the collection of the author.
16. Roy Duff, handwritten, unpublished March 19, 1942'November 6, 1945 diary, entry for January 8, 1943, generously loaned to the author by Roy Duff. Diary keeping and photography were generally forbidden by the military lest they provide intelligence information if they fell into enemy hands, but on the 'Q.T.' not everyone complied.
17. Clothier interview.
18. Ibid.
19. Duff diary, February 16, 1945.
20. Gary Glynn, Montana's Home Front during World War II (Missoula, Mont., 1994), 206.
21. Clothier interview.
22. Slyter interview.
23. Hula interview.
24. Bill De Vall, interview by author, Whitefish, Montana, May 26, 2000, tape recording in the collection of the author.
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BHS band hits the road to support teams at state tournaments
It has been a busy few days for the Bemidji High School sports fans, but no boosters have had a schedule any more hectic than that of the high school band.
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UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN River Falls
"Inclusivity", like "Sustainability", is a major goal defined in the UWRF Strategic Plan. By definition, sustainability is the intimate synergy of environmental, social, and economic performance (often referred to as the "triple bottom line" of performance, or the "three-legged stool"), as it is applied to personal, professional, and/or civic life. The social performance element is most often referred to in the contexts of social justice, equity, or responsibility, and increasingly under the umbrella of inclusivity and community well-being. UWRF, from the beginning, consciously positioned its sustainability initiative under the context of "community". As goal 2 states, "UWRF will model and champion the principles of sustainable community development".
In other words, while the vast majority of other campuses in the country launched their sustainability initiatives from an environmental performance context, UWRF is one of the very few campuses to establish a "sustainable campus community" platform, providing one of the richest multidisciplinary and multicultural learning environments with a holistic, systems-thinking approach to critical analysis, problem solving, and entrepreneurial style solutions. Critical to understanding the value of this is to recognize that every environmental issue is a social and economic issue to one degree or another, and vice-versa in each order of focus. There can be no true and lasting solution to any major environmental issue unless there is a social and economic solution, whether it be in regard to global climate change, food vulnerability, water supply, land use, species loss, inner city air pollution, lead paint exposure, or the myriad of other local to global contexts.
Inclusivity, in the full breadth and depth of its meaning, is critical in two ways. First, it means achieving the safest and most nurturing educational environment that UWRF can provide for each and every student regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, religion, or geographic and international origin (not to mention Packer vs. Viking vs. I hate football fans). And second, it means that the integrity of social conscience and process by which each and every voice is heard and participatory in the decision-making process of the campus and its external stakeholders is as important as the technical solutions and economic benefits to be reaped.
This section of the SCISCD website is devoted to advancing the discussion and demonstration of inclusivity initiatives in the context of a sustainable campus community approach. We look forward to your suggestions and contributions to such.


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This morning I was standing in my kitchen drinking coffee and watching the news on CBS. They were interviewing the parents of Taylor Anderson, a 24-year-old teacher in Japan and a U.S. citizen, who died in Japan's earthquake and ensuing Tsunami. Suddenly the interview was interrupted with "Special Report" and accompanying music. I thought, "Oh no, what's happened: a terrorist strike, a war in Libya, another earthquake?! What?!" I thought surely something really, really terrible was happening, when correspondents came on to announce, "Elizabeth Taylor has died." What?! I mean, I'm as big an Elizabeth Taylor fan as the next gal, but was this really "BREAKING" news that was so urgent you had to interrupt the interview with Anderson's grieving parents?! Perhaps if Taylor's death had been followed by her being miraculously brought back to life, then the announcement might have warranted "Breaking News" status, or running it across the news ticker would have sufficed until an appropriate moment to physically announce it.
I guess CBS News thought we would all need to know immediately if not sooner that a 79-year-old famous actress had passed away. While I was relieved that this was not a matter of national crisis nor national security, I certainly would have survived without knowing this until later in the morning or during the day, maybe the noon, or even the 6 o'clock news. But then maybe it was a national crisis for some people.


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Social Cohesion & Identity
Social Cohesion & Identity
Recent Activity
Nearly 40 percent of Switzerland's 1.6 million foreign residents come from countries outside the European Union. Julie Schindall examines the latest data on this population, integration indicators and policies, and political rhetoric and public opinion.
The idea of belonging is a powerful lens for examining immigrant integration. Geoff Mulgan of the Young Foundation in the United Kingdom outlines 10 key feedback circuits, including the economy, culture, and physical environment, from which people receive messages about belonging.
In the United States, the academic success of children of Chinese and Korean immigrants usually is attributed to either their culture or the U.S. immigration system, which favors skilled migrants. Min Zhou and Susan S. Kim of the University of California, Los Angeles compare the after-school institutions in these communities to explain the effect of ethnicity on educational outcomes.
The second generation in New York City largely comes from non-European ethnic origins. Philip Kasinitz, Mary C. Waters, John Mollenkopf, and Jennifer Holdaway look at how growing up in a "majority minority" city has affected their experiences in school and on the job, how they feel about their progress, and where they think they fit within American society.
Richard Alba of the Mumford Center for Comparative Urban and Regional Research at SUNY Albany examines English-language usage among the second and third generations.
Recent Activity
In this webinar, experts and policymakers from Europe and the United States discuss the relationship between immigration, residential segregation, community relations, and economic opportunities.
A port city connecting the Netherlands with major trading partners, Rotterdam is, and has long been, home to migrants from around the globe. But the recent rise in temporary forms of migration presents new challenges for Rotterdam's integration policy.
This report provides a first look at the opportunities and tradeoffs that smartphones and emerging technologies offer for immigrant integration, and how they might deepen city residents' sense of belonging. Smartphones can facilitate on-the-go learning, reduce barriers to city services for residents with limited destination-country language proficiency, and improve civic engagement.
In April 2014, MPI's Transatlantic Council on Migration convened an extraordinary meeting with city-level officials from Rotterdam to discuss the potential that "urban citizenship" offers for building new identities at the local level. This Council Statement focuses on the identity crisis that many cities are facing and offers strategies to unite cities, expand services for diverse groups, and foster community cohesion.
This report examines the development of immigrant integration policies in Denmark over the past 15 years, specifically focusing on the centralization of Danish integration policies and exploring differences between policy frameworks at national and local levels, where certain areas have developed less restrictive and more accommodating policy responses to immigrant integration.
As the initial point of contact for most immigrants, cities see firsthand how both local and national policies affect newcomers and minorities. This report explores the steps cities across Europe are taking to be more inclusive of immigrants and minorities and how these efforts relate to national policies.
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Edward Kennedy
From OpenCongress Wiki
Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy is a former Democratic Senator from Massachusetts.
Contents |
Record and controversies
Congressional scorecards
Click through the score to see the records of other members of Congress and full descriptions of the individual votes.
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Iraq War
Kennedy voted against the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq in Oct. 2002.
In 2003, during the debate over the FY2004 Defense Appropriation, Kennedy introduced an amendment (S.AMDT.1273) to require President Bush to report to Congress his strategy for reconstruction efforts in Iraq, humanitarian aid assistance to Iraqi citizens, and encouraging international support for the rebuilding efforts. Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), who referred to other Democratic calls for presidential accountability in regards to Iraq "nitpicking," effectively motioned to table (kill) the amendment.
In debating the FY2005 defense appropriations bill the following year, Sen. Kennedy introduced an amendment (S.AMDT.3377) requiring that, no later than 30 days after the bill's enactment, the president submit a public report to Congress on the strategy of the United States regarding stabilization and rebuilding in Iraq, an estimate on the number of U.S. troops that will be serving in Iraq as of December 31, 2005, and the percentage of these forces that will be members of the National Guard and Army Reserves. Supporters argued that the bill would require accountability on the part of President Bush. Opponents, however, felt as though the measure was both too burdensome and unrealistic, for it would be impossible to predict troop levels far into the future. The amendment failed 48-50.
On January 9, 2007, Sen. Kennedy introduced legislation (S.233) prohibiting President Bush from committing more troops to Iraq without specific approval from Congress. Specifically, Sen. Kennedy stated, "Today I am introducing legislation to reclaim the rightful role of Congress and the people's right to a full voice in the President's plan to send more troops to Iraq. My bill will say that no additional troops can be sent and no additional dollars can be spent on such an escalation, unless and until Congress approves the President's plan."
Kennedy argued that the original mandate authorizing the Iraq War (passed by Congress in October 2002) had expired because "the mission of our armed forces today in Iraq bears no resemblance whatever to the mission authorized by Congress." He continued to explain that the Iraq War resolution "authorized a war to destroy Weapons of mass destruction. But there were no WMDs to destroy. It authorized a war with Saddam Hussein. But today Saddam is no more. It authorized a war because Saddam was allied with Al Qaeda. But there was no alliance."
- Main article: Congressional actions regarding President Bush's 2007 proposed troop "surge" in Iraq For more information see the chart of U.S. Senate votes on the Iraq War.
Environmental record
For more information on environmental legislation, see the Energy and Environment Policy Portal
Alternative energy
Ted Kennedy has maintained a record in favor of alternative energy sources as seen in his voting record as a senator. [1] Some people see Kennedy's opposition to a proposed wind farm off Cape Cod, within sight of his home [2] as hypocritical or as an example of a NIMBY philosophy. Senator Kennedy did not support the interests of the American Coalition for Ethanol fuel in 2002. [3]
Executive power
In July 2006, Kennedy gave his support to a bill by Sen. Arlen Specter (R-Pa.) that would allow Congress to file a lawsuit to get Presidential signing statements declared unconstitutional. [4]
- For further details see the Congresspedia article on Presidential signing statements.
Seeks to block lending companies from accessing student information
On April 15, 2007, Kennedy urged the Bush administration to block student loan companies from accessing a national database that includes confidential information on tens of millions of college students. The request following a Washington Post report which exposed inappropriate searches of the database possibly in violation of federal rules. The database, called the National Student Loan Data System, contains Social Security numbers, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, birth dates and other financial information.[1]
In a letter to Education Secretary Margaret Spellings, he stated "Until the security of the database can be ensured, I urge you to block the use of the database by private lenders."[2]
Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
In 2007, Kennedy sponsored the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act which would give the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) greater authority to regulate tobacco products in an effort to assist current smokers with quitting and prevent tobacco manufacturers from enticing youth to smoke.[3]
Kennedy was born February 22, 1932. He is the brother of assassinated President John F. Kennedy and former US Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. Because of Kennedy's personal prominence and his longtime advocacy of liberal principles, he is often regarded as a "lion" of the Democratic Party.
Family and youth
Kennedy is the youngest of nine children of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, a prominent Irish-American family. He attended Harvard College in 1950. He was forced to withdraw for two years from Harvard in May 1951 after he was allegedly caught cheating on his final examination in a Spanish class. Kennedy then entered the U.S. Army for two years and was assigned to the SHAPE headquarters in Paris. He eventually re-entered Harvard, graduating in June 1956. In 1958, he attended the Hague Academy of International Law. He earned his law degree from the University of Virginia and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1959. While he was in law school, he managed his brother John's 1958 Senate re-election campaign.
In 1962, Kennedy was elected to the Senate from Massachusetts in a special election to fill the seat left vacant by his oldest brother, John, upon the latter's election as president. He was elected to a full six-year term in 1964 and was reelected in 1970, 1976, 1982, 1988 and 2000.
Kennedy is the second-longest serving current senator, behind only Robert Byrd. In 2006, Kennedy was elected to an eighth full term (and ninth overall term). If he serves out his full six-year term, he will have served in the U.S. Senate for fifty years.
His son, Rep. Patrick J. Kennedy, is a seven-term congressman serving Rhode Island's 1st congressional district.
Early career
Kennedy's career in the Senate has frequently attracted national attention. During his 1962 campaign, he was accused by his opponents of riding on his family's name and fortune, and (having no previous experience in elected office) of not being sufficiently qualified to hold so high an office. Soon after entering office, he went through the trauma of the assassination of his brother John, an event that focused much attention on him.
In 1964, Kennedy was in a plane crash in which the pilot and one of Kennedy's aides were killed. He was pulled from the wreckage by fellow senator Birch Bayh (D-IN) and spent weeks in a hospital recovering from a severe back injury, a punctured lung, broken ribs, and internal bleeding.
In 1968, his last surviving brother, Robert, was assassinated during his bid to be nominated as Democratic candidate for the presidency.
In 1969, Kennedy defeated Louisiana Senator Russell B. Long to become Senate Majority Whip. He would serve as Whip until January 1971, when he was replaced by Senator Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia.
Kennedy is a founder of the Congressional Friends of Ireland, and a trustee of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.
On July 18, 1969, after a party on Chappaquiddick Island near the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, Kennedy, allegedly intoxicated, a claim which he denies, drove away with Mary Jo Kopechne as a passenger in his car. According to Kennedy, he made a wrong turn onto an unlit road that led to a wooden bridge that was angled obliquely to the road, and drove over its side, which had no guardrail. The car plunged into the water, landing upside-down. Kennedy claims he tried several times to swim down to reach her, but Kopechne died. Kennedy discussed the accident with several people, including his lawyer, before he contacted the police.
The incident quickly blossomed into a scandal. Kennedy was criticized for allegedly driving drunk, for failing to save Kopechne, for failing to summon help immediately and for contacting not the police but rather his lawyer first. Kennedy entered a plea of guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident after causing injury. He received a sentence of two months in jail, which was suspended.
Presidential bid
A decade after the Chappaquiddick incident, Kennedy decided to throw his hat in the ring for the Democratic nomination in the 1980 presidential election. He launched an unusual, insurgent campaign against a sitting president, Democratic incumbent Jimmy Carter. Kennedy was unafraid of criticizing the president, who was mired in the Iran hostage crisis. He did, however, vow to support Carter if he were re-nominated. Despite much early support, his bid was ultimately unsuccessful, largely due to controversy surrounding the incident at Chappaquiddick. Kennedy won 10 presidential primaries against Carter who won 24. Eventually he bowed out of the race, but delivered a rousing speech before the 1980 Democratic National Convention that many consider to be one of his finest moments.[5]
Political views
Tobacco issues
Sen. Kennedy has long been a supporter of public health efforts to regulate tobacco products and Tobacco industry behavior.
In March 1993, Sen. Kennedy introduced S.1883, the Tobacco Product Education and Health Protection Act of 1990. The Act was sweeping in its scope and aimed at aggressively reducing the toll of death and disease caused by tobacco. As written, the Act would have established a Center for Tobacco Products to make grants to public and private organizations to conduct anti-smoking campaigns directed at minors and those in groups of highest tobacco use. Target audiences included youth, school dropouts, minorities, blue collar workers and low and no-income individuals. The Center would also have been directed to regulate tobacco additives and to inform the public of such additives and harmful tobacco smoke constituents. The Center would have been directed to underwrite a broad range of anti-smoking initiatives by private entities and state and local authorities, including anti-smoking campaigns in schools and work places, and to coordinate with film makers, broadcast media managers and others regarding the impact of media on tobacco use behavior.[6]
On March 7, 1994, Senator Kennedy spoke on ABC's "Day One" program investigating nicotine manipulation. Kennedy called on the Government Accounting Office (GAO) to investigate the manipulation of nicotine in cigarettes. Sen. Kennedy likened the tobacco industry's power and influence to that of the National Rifle Association, saying this powerful lobby has cut off all attempts to regulate and investigate it. [7]
More recently, on February 7, 2007 Kennedy co-sponsored a controversial bill to give the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authority to regulate tobacco products.[8] In an odd twist from Kennedy's past legislation to regulate tobacco, this bill is strongly supported by Philip Morris,[9] which touts its position in support of the bill on its Website, and is opposed by the American Academy of Public Health Physicians.[10] This turnabout of positions has concerned public health advocates, who feel the bill contains many loopholes that will benefit Philip Morris while putting public health at a disadvantage.
No Child Left Behind
Kennedy was a major player in the bipartisan team that wrote the controversial No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which according to both Kennedy and President Bush, was a compromise. He then worked to get it passed in a Republican-controlled Congress, despite the opposition of members from both parties.
Kennedy has since argued that the No Child Left Behind is an Unfunded mandate because the President and Congress have mandated obligations upon the states without providing equivalent funds, forcing the states to spend money to comply with the federal law. Libertarians and Conservatives have had mixed reactions to the bill, on the one hand disliking the expansion of the federal government, but on the other hand favoring the school choice provisions that it sets forth.
Right to abortion
Although he has been a staunch advocate of Abortion rights for the past 30 years, Kennedy only adopted this position after Roe v. Wade became the law of the land. In 1987, Kennedy delivered an impassioned speech condemning Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork as a right-wing extremist and warning that "Robert Bork's America" would be one marked by back alley abortions and other backward practices. Kennedy's strong opposition to Bork's nomination is commonly seen as a prominent factor in the Senate's rejection of Bork's candidacy. Similar concerns have been raised in more recent Supreme Court nominations, as well; it is possible that Kennedy's opposition to Bork set a precedent. In recent years, he has argued that much of the debate over abortion is a false dichotomy. Speaking at the National Press Club in 2005, he remarked, "Surely, we can all agree that abortion should be rare, and that we should do all we can to help women avoid the need to face that decision." [11]
Immigration policy
Ted Kennedy was a strong supporter of the 1965 Hart-Celler Act which dramatically changed US immigration policy. [12] "The bill will not flood our cities with immigrants. It will not upset the ethnic mix of our society. It will not relax the standards of admission. It will not cause American workers to lose their jobs." (U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Immigration and Naturalization of the Committee on the Judiciary, Washington, D.C., Feb. 10, 1965. pp. 1-3.). Kennedy is now the ranking Democrat on the Senate Committee on Immigration, and remains a strong advocate for immigrants.
Many people feel that this legislation dramatically changed the face of America society by making it a multicultural nation. Prior to the Hart-Celler Act, immigration policy was very selective and geared towards European countries. Proponents of the bill argued that immigration laws and quotas were discriminatory, and that American immigration policy should accept people not on the basis of their nationality. This also abolished the Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882.
War On Terrorism
Though a supporter of the American-led 2001 overthrow of the Taliban government in Afghanistan, Senator Kennedy is a vocal critic of the American-led 2003 invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq. He has also been a harsh critic of the way the war was planned and conducted by the Bush Administration.
Of particular concern to Sen. Kennedy is the United States' treatment of the prisoners taken in the War on Terrorism. Applying standards of Human rights that are available to all Americans, he believes there should be no difference between the treatment of accused terrorists and the treatment of accused criminals in the USA, such as the right to a speedy trial (or the suspect should be released), and the right to legal representation.
On September 27, 2004, Sen. Kennedy made a speech on the Senate floor regarding the war in Iraq, just prior to the 2004 U.S. Presidential election. [13]
Minimum Wage
Kennedy along with Senators Hillary Clinton, Jim Jeffords, Patrick Leahy, Tom Harkin, and Barack Obama authored the Standing with Minimum Wage Earners Act of 2006. This bill would change the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1983 by keeping the wage increase for Congressional members at the same pace as the increase of the federal minimum wage. [14] [15]
Student financial aid legislation
On January 4, 2007, Senator Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) introduced a Senate version of a House financial aid bill (S.1642), which was co-sponsored by Senator Kennedy.
Specifically, the bill would gradually decreases the rate on subsidized federal loans until 2011, when it hits a temporary low of 3.4 percent for a six-month period. Once that period is up, the rate will revert to 6.8 percent unless future legislation dictates otherwise. "Subsidized" loans are those for which the federal government pays the interest until the student leaves school.[4] The bill would raise fees on and cut profit margins for student lenders to offset the proposed cut. An estimate by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) stated that the rate cut would cost $8.1 billion over a five year period. Increased loan fees would raise $2.7 billion and reducing guaranteed lender profit margins would raise another $2.5 billion over the same period, according to CBO. The remainder of the cost would be raised by reducing lender guarantees and retaining certain guaranty agency collections.[5]
Kennedy, however, announced plans to support a broader education bill which would halve interest rates on more than just Stafford loans, raise the Pell Grant limit to $5,100, cap federal student loan payments at 15 percent of a borrower's discretionary income, forgive the debt for those who stay in public service careers, and encourage schools to use the government's Direct Loan Program. [16]
- Main article: Student financial aid legislation
Political resurrection
In 1991, during the Clarence Thomas hearings, Kennedy's career reached what has been called a low ebb. Journalist Anna Quindlen wrote that he "let us down because he had to; he was muzzled by the facts of his life." The Boston Globe, editorialized that his "reputation as a womanizer made him an inappropriate and non-credible" critic of Thomas.
According to a 2002 article in The Nation by Jack Newfield, that year also appears to represent a turning point. His good friend, Republican Senator Orrin Hatch confronted him about his drinking and then he "met Vicki Reggie and ended his partying."
After his marriage in 1992, he faced a tough challenger, Mitt Romney, for re-election to the Senate in 1994. Some of Romney's supporters criticized Kennedy for statements he had made about the exclusionary policies of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in which Romney held a leadership role [17]. Kennedy defeated Romney with 58 percent of the vote. According to Newfield, Kennedy's family and friends believe that campaign "allowed him to reconnect with his reasons for believing in public service."
Newfield states that "In making the physical and emotional sacrifices necessary to win an exhausting campaign, Kennedy recovered his dedication to remain in the Senate, and he focused all his energies on the job"; he goes on to call him "the best and most effective senator of the past hundred years." "Because of his tragic experience", says Newfield, he is often found serving as "America's national grief counselor." Despite his liberal views, "The key to Kennedy's effectiveness has been his remarkable capacity to form warm, genuine friendships—more than mere working alliances—with GOP senators." [18]
2003 Winner of the George Bush Award. [19]
2006 elections
In 2006, Republicans nominated Ken Chase to face Kennedy in his November 2006 bid for reelection. (See U.S. congressional elections in 2006) [20] Kennedy retained his seat.
Health issues
On May 17, 2008, Kennedy was airlifted to a Cape Cod hospital after emergency responders first treated him at home following an apparent seizure. He spent several hours in the emergency room, before being transferred to Massachusetts General Hospital. Last year, the senator underwent surgery to unclog a partially closed artery in his neck.[6] Forty-eight hours following Kennedy's apparent seizure, doctors could not identify the cause. [7]
On May 20, doctors announced they had diagnosed Kennedy having a malignant brain tumor. A biopsy performed May 19 helped identify a glioma, which accounts for about half of the brain tumors diagnosed each year. Kennedy was released on May 21, and, accompanied by his family (including son Rep. Patrick Kennedy), left the hospital to return home. Kennedy's doctors said they would "determine his course of treatment after further testing and analysis."[8]
Senator Kennedy passed away in his home in Hyannis Port on Augsust 25, 2009, at the age of 77. The Massachusetts state legislature is meeting in September 2009 to decide whether his seat should be filled by an appointee until a proper election can be held. The election to determine who will succeed Kennedy in the Senate is scheduled for January 19, 2009.
Money in politics
This section contains links to – and feeds from – money in politics databases. For specific controversies, see this article's record and controversies section.
Campaign contribution data could not be found.
Links to more campaign contribution information for Edward Kennedy from the Center for Responsive Politics' OpenSecrets.org site. |
Fundraising profile: | 2008 election cycle | Career totals |
Top contributors by organization/corporation: | 2008 election cycle | Career totals |
Top contributors by industry: | 2008 election cycle | Career totals |
- Revolving door profile for Edward Kennedy from the Center for Responsive Politics' OpenSecrets.org website.
- 2006 privately funded travel profile for Edward Kennedy from the Center for Responsive Politics' OpenSecrets.org website.
- Personal finance profile for Edward Kennedy from the Center for Responsive Politics' OpenSecrets.org website.
Committees and Affiliations
- Member of the Honorary 25th Anniversary Committee, Global Rights
- Director, Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights
- Senate Committee on Armed Services
- Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions/Employment and Workplace Safety
Committees in the 110th Congress (2007-2008)
- Joint Economic Committee
- Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions - Chairman
- Senate Committee on Armed Services
- Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
- Subcommittee on Personnel
- Subcommittee on Seapower - Chairman
- Senate Committee on the Judiciary
- Subcommittee on the Constitution
- Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs
- Subcommittee on Human Rights and the Law
- Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security and Refugees
- Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security
Committee assignments in the 109th Congress (2005-2006)
- Joint Economic Committee
- Senate Committee on Armed Services
- Subcommittee on Personnel
- Subcommittee on Seapower - Ranking Minority Member
- Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities - Ranking Minority Member
- Senate Committee on the Judiciary
- Subcommittee on the Constitution Civil Rights and Property Rights
- Subcommittee on Immigration Border Security and Citizenship - Ranking Minority Member
- Subcommittee on Intellectual Property
- Subcommittee on Technology Terrorism and Homeland Security
- Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions - Ranking Minority Member
- Subcommittee on Bioterrorism Preparendess and Public Health - Ranking Minority Member
More Background Data
- Information on Edward Kennedy from Congress Merge Wikipedia also has an article on Edward Kennedy. This article may use content from the Wikipedia article under the terms of the GFDL.
DC office |
District offices |
On the Web |
Campaign office |
Articles and Resources
- ↑ Amit R. Paley, "Kennedy Wants Lenders Blocked From Data," Washington Post, April 15, 2007.
- ↑ Amit R. Paley, "Kennedy Wants Lenders Blocked From Data," Washington Post, April 15, 2007.
- ↑ Kennedy, Waxman, Cornyn, and Davis introduce tobacco legislation
- ↑ Carrie Sturrock, "Student loan interest rate cut set for vote in House today," SF Chronicle, January 17, 2007.
- ↑ John Godfrey, "Bush opposes Democrats' student-loan rate cut," MarketWatch, January 16, 2007.
- ↑ Andy Barr and Jessica Holzer, "Kennedy hospitalized, may have suffered seizure", The Hill, May 17, 2008
- ↑ Manu Raju, "Kennedy gets 'warm' phone call from Bush", The Hill, May 19, 2008
- ↑ Paul Kane, "Diagnosed With Tumor, Kennedy Leaves Hospital", The Washington Post, May 21, 2008
- Interview with Jon Stewart, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, April 20, 2006. (Other Daily Show interviews with members of Congress.)
- "Thomas (Library of Congress)", website.
- Official website
- Open Secrets - 2006 congressional races database
- See how you compare to Ted Kennedy
- Senator Ted Kennedy
- "Some lawmakers balk at proposed boost in salaries", USA Today, June 26, 2006.
Articles & Speeches by Edward M. Kennedy
- "Statement by Senator Edward M. Kennedy on Presidential Signing Statements," U.S. Senate, July 27, 2006.
- "What a Difference an Election Makes," Washington Post, March 11, 2007.
Published Works
- "America Back on Track" (Hardcover), Viking Adult, April 18, 2006, ISBN-10: 0670037648 / ISBN-13: 978-0670037643.
- "My Senator And Me: A Dog's Eye View Of Washington, D.C." (Hardcover), Scholastic Inc., May 1, 2006, ISBN-10: 0439650771 / ISBN-13: 978-0439650779.
Local blogs and discussion sites
Semantic data (Edit data)
From the Sunlight Foundation API | |||
Current Office: U.S. Senate | |||
Title: | First name: | Middle name: | Last name: |
Suffix: | Nickname: | ||
Party: | State: | District:
00 District short: |
Currently in office? |
Gender: | |||
Phone: | Fax: | Website: | Webform email: Email address: |
DC office: | |||
Bioguide ID: | Votesmart ID: | FEC ID: | Govtrack ID: |
CRP ID: | Eventful ID: | Old Sunlight ID: | Twitter ID: |
OpenCongress Wiki URL: | YouTubeID: | Senate class: |
Entered manually within the Template:Politician | |||
U.S. Senate | |||
111th Congress | |||
Leadership Position: |
Committees Chaired: |
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110th Congress | |||
Leadership Position: None |
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Congressional Career | |||
First Elected to Current Office: November 6, 1962 |
First Took Current Office: November 7, 1962 |
Next Election: November 6, 2012 |
Term Ends: |
Freshman Member? No |
Previous Political Work? Suffolk County Assistant District Attorney |
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Date of Birth: February 22, 1932 November 6, 1962 |


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Large flat front yard... plan ideas?
Hi everyone! Always wanted a house with a large yard and I finally got it last year... but now I'm faced with this barren 3500+ sqft front yard and not sure how to put together something interesting and coherent.
The driveway is on the right side and goes behind the house. There is a concrete walk from the driveway to the front door. We are already planning a new paint job and remodel of the porch, and likely a 2nd path from the front door towards the sidewalk. Note that the photos look bare due to recent foundation work.
I like cottage style gardens, or anything with no or little grass. I realize that leaves a whole lotta space to fill, but we plan on being here for a very long time. I'm very willing to put in the work! I'm the kind of person that wants it all right now, though I realize a large yard may take a few years to finish. :)
I am in south central Indiana, some sites say zone 5B and others claim 6. The soil is ridiculous heavy clay. The house faces south, and the yard is a mix of sun and dappled shade due to a few trees around the lot. I think I can figure out which plants will work, but need help on a general layout. I'm just stumped with this large flat plot. (And we already have veggies in the back, so no edibles wanted for the front.)
If anyone has any ideas, or knows any place online that helps with large flat yards, do let me know. :)
Thank you so much!
Let's start with the obvious. The tree I've circled is creating negative vibes and need to be removed. It's coming up in the armpits of the two larger trees and creating a visual jumble that will not become harmonious at any point in the future. (One needs to die so that two can live!) Can't say as I'm happy the leaning tree is at the edge of the driveway; it may have a limited life, too, but can be dealt with later.
What kind of tree is at the center of your yard. (I hope the answer is not silver maple!)
Wouldn't you agree that the left side needs some screening so that you don't see so much end-wall of the house next door?
Hi - Thanks for your reply! I'm not seeing an image in your post, but about those driveway trees - we have not had a survey done and are not sure if those are on our side of the property line. I agree the leaning tree is something to look out for as is the growth of the cedar but visually I don't have a problem with them and a survey plus tree removal isn't something I want to budget for at the moment.
We did actually just remove a dying huge silver maple behind the house ($2500+..ouch!) but the front tree is a white flowering one, maybe a pear. A lovely surprise our first spring here last year, it's beautiful! I'll take a closer look at it this year to confirm the type.
The neighbor's house isn't something that is visually a big problem from what I've noticed. That might be the angle of the photo. Some screening could be worked in, but not a priority.
My plan thus far consists of some plantings along the house between the house and the walk (which is a fairly narrow space, 3-4 ft) and the plot on the left side of the entry as well, in front of that double window.
But once I think about the open area, I'm at a loss!
Vamppire, I'm not saying that you need to visually obliterate the left-hand neighbor's house with total screening. But their blank end wall--which is part of the picture of your house--could certainly stand some modification. A large wall like that--unadulterated--is not exactly in concert with the cottage/woodland look you're striving for. I included the right side view for the purpose of comparison. Over there it looks like space that belongs to you. At the left side, it looks as if invaders have taken over your private space.
"Loving" a look and maintaining it are two different things. Some people start out on such a venture but decide it's too much work. If you don't take on too much at once, you can probably reconcile the learning curve with the maintenance demands. Start small, like near the house, work your way outward over time and you can get a feel for what it takes to keep it up before you've undertaken too much. It's not that bad, really, and you sound committed to making it happen. Once you learn to keep weeds under control, you'll be ahead of the game.
In terms of general layout, you'll want to organize plant heights, with the tallest near the back of the view and the shorter plants at the front. But the cottage look has a lot of "mixing it up" and is not terribly stringent about hierarchy of plant heights. Notice how the houses in the photo you supplied still have what amounts to foundation plantings ...small trees and shrubs nearby. Large boulders can be incorporated if you wish. If you don't get large ones, I think it's better to forget about having them at all. Because you have more space to cover, you could incorporate larger groundcover areas than the standard 3' x 3' patches. Instead, some of your groundcovers might cover 150 s.f., or more. And there's nothing wrong with lawn remaining at the street until you finally overtake it.
Hi - thank you! I'm more concerned with the overall picture than the details, I think. I understand maintenance involved (I'm sure I'll screw it up at first though!) and the theory of plant arrangement within beds, but am asking more about actual bed placement/arrangement on the lot, I guess. I've just had trouble finding examples of large flat yards without a big expanse of mowed lawn. I know we can't tackle everything in one year, but a plan would help so we don't put down things we later wish we put elsewhere.
Since posting the message, I've gotten more (albeit vague) ideas about it, thinking of open areas in the center of the yard with plantings around the borders and house.
Does anyone ever put down a fence on one side, say the front of the yard (set back a bit from the sidewalk)? Maybe with a little L-shape extended on the sides, but we can't afford a fully fenced yard. I'm not sure I like the idea of a fenced yard vs. an open one, but just trying to consider all possibilities and thinking that might give some definition and something to plant against too. We would do that after installing a pathway from the sidewalk to the door. But maybe it would just look stupid? I couldn't find a good example of such a thing online.
Yes, people sometimes use partial fencing in a decorative way. It could come down the side line, turn the corner and run paralleling the front public walk and terminate at an arbitrary point (to which you would give reason with your planting arrangement!)
In a full blown cottage garden there is usually no lawn. The entire yard is a bed. In a conventional yard, the bed line is what divides the bed from lawn, which is usually turf. Exactly what are you trying to divide from what? Is there ANY turf in your vision? Is there a turf substitute? If there's no division, then it's just arranging plants (and mulches, pavings and appurtenances, if they're part of it.) The main advantages to turf in a landscape are that it's low (a visual and physical pathway,) uniformly green (beautiful, uncluttered "white" space,) and durable.
I think eliminating the flat look of your front yard will go a long way towards creating the kind of garden you like. How about starting with a large berm to the right of the tree in the first photo? It doesn't have to (initially) cover the whole area in the third photo, but if you begin with a modest garden area it might please you and also give a taste of what's to come when you have a cottage garden.
Think of a free-form garden. I'd start by laying out a 100 ft garden hose (if you have one) in a wedge shape that has two straight sides along the square edges of the sidewalk. But then create a more curved (or several curved) outer edges facing the tree and the street. Look at the design over a few days. Check it out from all parts of your yard and from the windows inside to make sure you can live with this shape garden.
Next you'll need many yards of top soil--- the expensive part --- dumped within this shape. Use an iron rake to spread the soil out, creating rises or hills. Some of these should rise several feet above ground level but also slope down to the level of the ground along the sidewalks. It's important that this berm not be flat but have hills or valleys as in the image you provided.
Many folks on this forum have done this very sort of thing in the gardens they own or have designed and probably could provide better photos than the ones I have. This is a berm we created at the end of a long garden that slopes down to the river. We put up a stone wall at the end of the berm to hold back the soil. The photo was taken from the deck so it's hard to judge the rise of the berm.
This article about "Top 10 Blunders" has some really great advice to guide you as you're planning your landscape. (Be sure to click through the embedded "Secrets of a Beautiful Garden" about the importance of foliage.)
Some advice from MY experience as a homeowner-gardener:
1) Think about your entire space, but only tackle one area at a time. Otherwise it's just too overwhelming a project. Like the article above says, you want to think of your entire property as one landscape, but you probably only have the focus (and budget) to actually plant/build one area at a time. So give each area your attention instead of rushing and short-changing things, and then wishing you had done something different.
2) Use formations, like berms, boulders, benches, low walls, flagstones, etc. And don't forget tall shrubs and small trees.
3) Plant perennials with room for annuals.
4) It takes 2-3 years for your plantings to mature and really thrive. On the third year, you'll feel like they're really taking off and filling in the way you planned. So don't get discouraged.
Good Luck!
I take it your garage has a side entry since I see no garage door. With such a huge expanse of yard and something you paid a pretty penny for, take advantage of it, but not necessarily with plants.
Using pea gravel or crushed stone~whichever is the most affordable as well as longer lasting~I would bring the driveway toward the front of the house, as in circular. This will help break up that expanse of space, and give smaller areas to define with plantings.
This is sort of the idea, but the garage pictured is not attached. Your drive would come off the side of the house and circle around. Clear as mud?
Here is a link that might be useful: Driveway
I have a large side yard that I have been converting to flower garden since we moved here almost four years ago. The beds lack good definition/shape and I do not have suitable paths. The soil is heavy clay and we have some water drainage issues. I have also been searching for web sites with ideas for landscaping the large flat yard but haven't had much luck. We are usually do it ourselfers. We finally decided to set a budget for some work and hire a landscaper for paths, patio and soil ammendment.
I have settled on a few ideas. I'd like to have different micro zones in the garden. Right now it is a hodge podge of a few perennials and a lot if annuals. I want to designate areas for different types of plants or even functions. A cutting garden is important to me. I also have a lot of peonies so Id like them arranged in a cohesive way. Basically, the area is too large for it to be a homogenous blend of plants. I think setting up different visual areas or vignettes will help make it more attractive.
ETA: We have our first appt with landscape designers starting this week so this is our before pic.
Here is our side garden last summer:
This post was edited by trovesoftrilliums on Mon, Apr 29, 13 at 20:26


text:
Created: 03/18/2014 10:09 PM
By: The Associated Press
CARLSBAD, N.M. (AP) - New air sampling data from southeastern New Mexico's troubled nuclear waste dump indicates there has been another small radiation release.
Department of Energy officials say a monitoring station picked up elevated radiation readings around the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad on March 11. That's nearly a month after a Valentine's Day leak contaminated 17 workers and shut the only repository for toxic waste from the nation's nuclear bomb-building program.
Engineers say they believe the contamination is from previous deposits on the inner surface of exhaust ductwork.
Officials say occasional low-level releases are anticipated, but they should be well within safe limits.
The plant has been shuttered since early February. Shipments were halted after a truck hauling salt through the repository's tunnels caught fire. Nine days later, the plant's alarms were triggered by the radiation release.
(Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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TEHRAN - Loyalists of Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei have won most seats in the Islamic Republic's parliamentary election, reducing President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to a lame duck.
"The vote showed that there is a deepening rift between the ruling elites, analyst Hamid Farahvashian told Reuters on Sunday, March 4.
It might emerge in the coming weeks."
With 90 percent of ballot boxes counted, Khamenei loyalists were expected to occupy more than 75 percent of the 290 seats in the Majlis (parliament), according to a list published by the interior ministry.
In the race for the 30 seats in the capital Tehran, a Reuters tally of unofficial preliminary returns showed Khamenei supporters had taken 19 and pro-Ahmadinejad candidates the rest.
Pro-Khamenei candidates won in the Shiite holy cities of Qom and Mashhad.
The Supreme Leader's loyalists were also leading in other major provincial cities like Isfahan and Tabriz, where over 90 percent of voters backed Ahmadinejad in the 2009 parliamentary poll.
Even in rural areas that have been strongholds of Ahmadinejad's and his populist brand of non-clerical nationalism, Khamenei loyalists appeared to have swept around 70 percent of the seats.
Independents and women candidates fared relatively well in many provincial towns, where they campaigned on the immediate concerns - generally economic -- of their constituents.
The results of Friday's vote are hard to compare with the outgoing parliament since Khamenei and Ahmadinejad loyalists were united in the 2008 elections, garnering about 70 percent of seats.
Tensions between Khamenei and Ahmadinejad surfaced last year when the president tried to sack his intelligence minister.
After boycotting his own office for several days in protest, the president returned to work.
Since then, those loyal to Khamenei have used every opportunity to undermine Ahmadinejad, accusing him of challenging the supreme leader's authority and being under the spell of a "deviant current" that has attempted to dilute the Islamic nature of Iran's government.
Lame Duck
The election results are expected to reduce President Ahmadinejad to a lame duck
"Ahmadinejad's camp has not been demolished, analyst Farahvashian told Reuters.
We have to wait and see what happens after the new parliament convenes in June."
Ahmadinejad is likely to be summoned to an unprecedented hearing in the outgoing parliament by Friday to answer questions about his handling of the economy and foreign policy.
Some critics say he has inflicted higher inflation on Iranians by slashing food and fuel subsidies and replacing them with cash handouts of about $38 a month per person.
Parliament could impeach Ahmadinejad if his explanations are unconvincing, but Khamenei's green light would be needed.
Analysts said Ahmadinejad is likely to survive his term - but as a lame duck president.
"The establishment is under Western pressure and does not want to look divided," said analyst Babak Sadeghi.
"Ahmadinejad will finish his term as a weak executive."
Under mounting Western pressure over its nuclear program and concerns that Israel might attack, Iran's clerical elite needed a high election turnout to shore up their legitimacy damaged since Ahmadinejad's 2009 re-election, in which fraud allegations triggered eight months of anti-government protests.
Khamenei, 72, said a high turnout would be a message of defiance to "the arrogant powers bullying us," a reference to Western states and sanctions against Iran.
State officials said the turnout was over 64 percent, higher than the 57 percent in the 2008 parliamentary vote.
Absent from the vote were the two main opposition leaders. Mirhossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karoubi, who ran for president in 2009, have been under house arrest for more than a year.Iran denies Western suspicions that it is enriching uranium with the ultimate goal of developing nuclear weapons, saying the program is for peaceful energy only.
Reproduced with permission from OnIslam.net


text:
Comments for: City of Trees
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5 Comments
City of Trees
oshun - 01 Jul 06 - 9:01 AM
I loved it! Hilarious. You can call it AU, canon, creative use of canon, whatever you want--it certainly accurately captures aspects of Celeborn and Galadriel that could cause almost irreconcilable differences. And, it is perfect that Galadriel, one smart lady, would realize she couldn't let a guy like that slip away and would figure out how to get him back. Her little "Mallorn" project certainly must have been satisfying on a purely personal level--not to mention the Ages of good press.
Go to City of Trees
City of Trees
DKP - 13 Dec 06 - 11:23 AM
I really enjoyed this interpretation of the origins of Lorien. I don't care if it's considered AU, canon or "canon plus," it has great characterization and a believable premise behind it (even though my personal vision is a bit different). I loved the interaction between Thranduil and Celeborn, and I bought in completely to the rift between Celeborn and Galadriel. I also loved that it was she who made the first step to reconciliation, although Celeborn plainly missed her terribly. They are very different in some ways, and you show clearly how Lorien made an excellent compromise.
A personal favorite line, among many: "If she has razed all the trees and paved the land in marble, I do not wish to hear it."
Go to City of Trees
City of Trees
Gwynnyd - 13 Dec 06 - 12:02 PM
Thanks! I'm very glad you liked it!
it has great characterization and a believable premise behind it (even though my personal vision is a bit different).
One of the nice things about fanfic is that we can all have different intrepretations - and like them all!
Go to City of Trees
City of Trees
Larner - 27 Dec 07 - 10:44 AM
So, this is how it was (or might well have been). The beauty of Laurelindorenan came from a mixture of Galadriel's desire to build a great city AND Celeborn's love of trees having come to this compromise? Wonderful!
Well told, and with wonderful images.
Go to City of Trees
City of Trees
IVIaedhros - 06 Jun 08 - 6:41 AM
Go to City of Trees


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We offer our clients a variety of professional temporary architecture options that suit all budget types, show types and industries.
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text:
Jedward-mania is set to take over Scotland this summer, after the troublesome twosome confirmed they are to perform at this year's Glasgow Show..
Organisers are expecting a rush for tickets after the singing duo, who made their name on X Factor, announced their return after wowing at last year's summer show.
And the boys revealed they can't wait to dazzle the crowds in Scotland once again.
They said: "We are so excited about coming back to Glasgow Green for this amazing concert. Last year thousands of people rocked out with us in the sunshine and this year we are gonna make it bigger and better. It's gonna be Jepic!"
Lord Provost Sadie Docherty added: "The organising team has worked wonders to bring Jedward back for a second year. There has been an unprecedented demand for their return, so I'm over the moon that we have brought them back and continue to deliver such an enjoyable, and value for money, event to the people of Glasgow."
Taking place from July 21-22, other acts joining the line-up include newly reunited pop group S Club, former Britain's Got Talent performers Stavros Flatley, and X Factor finalist Marcus Collins.
BGT vocal group The Mend and former STV presenter Michelle McManus will also entertain the masses.
The Glasgow Show 2012 is promising a number of action-packed events and activities in addition to the performances, including sets from top motorcycle display team Bolddog Ling, hire wire extraordinaire Jean Monti, Black Knights Parachute Display Team and the Tournament of Jousting Horseshow.
The Glasgow Show Parade, featuring vintage buses, dancers, pipe bands and street theatre, is also set to be a big pull for crowds. The parade leaves George Square at 11.30am and its arrival marks the formal opening of the Glasgow Show at 12.00pm in Glasgow Green and will be led by the Lord Provost.
Tickets advance until 12 July online at www.glasgow.gov.uk/parks. Full details about the weekend event are available by visiting www.glasgow.gov.uk/parks.
- Video above: Jedward in Scotland last year
- Jedwad dazzle Braehead as they turn on shopping centre's Christmas lights
- Twins create chaos as thye arrive at Eurovision 2012


text:
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Defects in chromosome synapsis and/or meiotic recombination activate a surveillance mechanism that blocks meiotic cell cycle progression to prevent anomalous chromosome segregation and formation of aberrant gametes. In the budding yeast zip1 mutant, which lacks a synaptonemal complex component, the meiotic recombination checkpoint is triggered, resulting in extremely delayed meiotic progression. We report that overproduction of the polo-like kinase Cdc5 partially alleviates the meiotic prophase arrest of zip1, leading to the formation of inviable meiotic products. Unlike vegetative cells, we demonstrate that Cdc5 overproduction does not stimulate meiotic checkpoint adaptation because the Mek1 kinase remains activated in zip1 2μ-CDC5 cells. Inappropriate meiotic divisions in zip1 promoted by high levels of active Cdc5 do not result from altered function of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor Swe1. In contrast, CDC5 overexpression leads to premature induction of the Ndt80 transcription factor, which drives the expression of genes required for meiotic divisions, including CLB1. We also show that depletion of Cdc5 during meiotic prophase prevents the production of Ndt80 and that CDK activity contributes to the induction of Ndt80 in zip1 cells overexpressing CDC5. Our results reveal a role for Cdc5 in meiotic checkpoint control by regulating Ndt80 function.
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Berkeley Parents Network |
Home | Members | Post a Msg | Reviews | Advice | Subscribe | Help/FAQ | What's New |
Bay Area Kinder Stube (Albany, CA)
To view licensing information at the State's
Licensing Office for a preschool or childcare site, including
inspection dates, citations, and complaints,
click "view" next to the License #. See
this page for info about daycare
and preschool reviews on the BPN website.
Hello, I am looking for recent reviews of the Bay Area Kinderstube. As it is a 20+ student mixed-age group, can this be overwhelming for the more introverted kids? If you are a family with one German-speaking parent, did your child's German improve with exposure to the language at school? Is it, overall, a loving, kind, close-knit community/school? Any feedback welcome! Thanks. Hopeful Kinderstube Family
I'm the German speaking parent in our house and before going to Kinderstube my daughter would speak more English than German. Now her German is fluent and she speaks to me in German all the time. She has made really good friends and feels at home there.
Kinderstube has a mixed age group, but during different times of the day the children are separated according to age groups for special activities that are appropriate for their age; e.g. the oldest kids have special pre-k activities. The mixed age group has worked really well for my daughter as being together with the older children and the younger children has allowed her to develop a nice balance in her social development.
Kinderstube has a lot of community events for the whole family that I have really enjoyed over this past school year; e.g. camping trip, Laternenfest, Christmas tea e.t.c.
I would recommend Kinderstube to any Family who is interested in a German immersion preschool. Happy Kinderstube Parent
I am interested in the Bay Area Kinderstube in Albany. I'd
really appreciate any feedback from parents whose children
attend this pre-school. In particular, whether you believe
a child from a non-German speaking family would still
benefit from the exposure to German and not become overly
confused or frustrated. Also, information about the
quality of care in general and the facility would be
Mom seeking bilingual education
My boys' German has really flourished in the second year of the program, but they also get it from their Dad every day. So much depends on the child and their interest in the language and their linguistic development that is is hard to say how any one child without German in the home would do. I don't think confusion is a problem, however, since the children learn very quickly to understand the spoken German even if they respond to the teachers in English (although with time they are encouraged to respond in German, of course). There are many mixed families at the school with one parent that speaks German in the home. Talk to the teachers at the school about your concerns with the language as they have a lot of experience with many different learning styles. parent of BAKS
The Bay Area Kinderstube (BAKS) is a small German language preschool that presently has openings for 2 to 5-year olds. Children do not have to be German speaking to enter the preschool. Children sign up for anywhere between 3 mornings a week to 5 full days per week. BAKS provides a very safe and intimate environment for the children, and all of the teachers are fabulous. My children have been going for almost 3 years and now speak fluent German. Also affiliated with the BAKS school is an after school literacy program for older children as well as a 'Krabbelgruppe', or informal playgroup, for children under 2 years of age. Contact: Anna-Maria Torok, (510) 525-3105
Re: Seeking German language ''class'' for kids
Hi, You may want to call the Bay Area Kinder Stube in Albany. There number is (510) 525-3105. It is a wonderful preschool as taught in the German Language. They also have afternoon programs for older kids, music, reading/writing, movement, etc. all taught in German. It might be nice to reinforce the language with other children. Dori
The Bay Area Kinder Stube is an intimate, language-based school for children ages 2 to 5. Our mission is to make German language development an integral part of the social-emotional, physical and cognitive development of the child. The language of instruction and interaction is exclusively German.
The BAKS community is mainly composed of families with at least one native German-speaking parent. But even for those with limited German, a commitment to raising children with a rich awareness of cultural and linguistic differences can make BAKS a rewarding educational experience.
BAKS offers a full morning program Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Extended care is available from 1:30 to 5:30 p.m. three days a week. The class size is limited to 15 students under the care of two staff members and a teachers' aide.
BAKS was founded in 1994 as a parent-led German-language play group and opened its doors as a state-licensed preschool in 1997. Our bright, open facility includes a generous play yard, play structure, vegetable and flower beds and a unique German-language book and video lending library. BAKS is steps from Albany's Solano Avenue and easily accessible from Interstate 80, as well as by bus or on foot from the UC University Village.
Bay Area Kinder Stube A unique German-language preschool in the East Bay 842 Key Route Blvd Albany CA 94705 Phone: 510.525.3105 www.kinderstube.org License # 013412710Ulrike
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Thursday is Vino Italiano Day
One of the largest wine expositions in South Florida, Simply Italian will feature products from regions such as Tuscany, Piedmont, Sicily, Marche, Fruili Venezia Giulia, Apulia, and Veneto. The tasting will be open to trade professionals from 1:00pm - 6:00 pm.
Meanwhile, the Italian Wine Master 2011 will showcase lectures and seminars about the country's most prominent DOCG wine regions - Brunello di Montalcino, Chianti Classico, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore.
For more information about the full schedule of events for Simply Italian and Italian Wine Masters events and for a list of exhibitors, please visit www.ieemusa.com.
Sponsor Content


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Tropical Kayak Adventure
Half Moon Cay, The Bahamas
Back to Excursion ResultsNotes
Please see additional notes and information in Description below.
Join our island naturalist on a relaxing but invigorating kayak adventure through Bone Fish Lagoon.
Excursion Description
Join our island naturalist on a relaxing but invigorating kayak adventure on Bone Fish Lagoon.
On this excursion you will:
- Kayak part of the lagoon that comprises over 1400 square acres of protected habitat.
- See the numerous species of flora ranging from red mangroves to the ornamental silver buttonwood tree.
- Watch for seabirds while your naturalist guide fills you in on the history of the island's earliest and only inhabitants.
Note: Minimum age to participate is 6 years. Excursion meets at the water sports center. Hat, sunglasses and sunscreen recommended.
Many of the shore excursions and watersport rentals on Half Moon Cay require that you sign a waiver release form administered by the Tour Operator. Where required, the waivers will be provided prior to tour departure at the meeting point on the island or at the watersports huts prior to rental.
There are no videos available for this shore excursion at this time