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French Drains vs Channel Drains?
I have a drainage issue in my backyard where there is a slight swale in the middle that collects rainwater. I've had a few landscapers give me estimates and options regarding how to fix this. 1 person said to install french drain pipe + solid pipe leading out to the street for the water to drain out. Another person says to install 2 channel drains+solid pipe leading out towards the street for the rain to drain out. In your opinion what would be the better option? This is a difference of approximately $400-500 in pricing between both jobs. Im more concerned with what will work than money. I'll be honest, I've never seen channel drains in a yard before. However, i've seen them in driveways and near stairwells. Also, how does one maintain channel drains? Wont it get cluttered with debris? Thanks!
There are lots of ways to approach it, but channel drains would not be a typical approach. The first concern is sediment, but aestheitics and how it may conflict with how you use the area would be others.
The advantage is quick intake of water, but there are other ways of doing that as well such as an open gravel trench with perforated pipe disguised as a "dry creek bed" (which then could connect to solid pipe).
The term "french drain is often applied differently by different people, but is generally understood to be a subsurface leeching trench with some sort of grate that allows the water in.
Drainage tile would be subsurface perforated pipe taking in water and carrying it elsewhere. These only work in saturated soil conditons.
Thanks for your reply. The quote for the french drain is the following. Let me know what you think:
Installation of 32' French drain, 90' of 4'' corrugated drainpipe to capture stormwater in backyard & from 2 right side downspouts & deposit water in street to run down drain. Work to be completed by hand with minimal disruption to turf & includes tunneling underneath sidewalk, cutting and repouring concrete curb @ street
Call local landscapers and ask if they are building a patio or walkway in the area. The excavate quite a bit of dirt in doing walkways and they have to get rid of it somewhere. Have them dump it right in the depression and you can spread it around with shovel and rake (or hire someone to grade it--smooth it out). Then seed and straw it. Blend the new soil into the surrounding grade. This will solve your problem and make your yard look best all around! Let me know if you want me to go into that further.
Filling a depression only works if the end result is an effective downhill path for the water to follow.
Advert, How do they describe what the surface treatment is of that 32' "french drain"? If it is gravel open to the surface, it would be an effective way to collect the water.
I'd rater see pvc used because if it is pitched, it will keep the water moving at a speed that would move any sediment that gets into the pipe along with the water. Corrugated is a lot more likely to vary in pitch allowing water to slow down and deposit sediment in the pipe. Corrugation slows it down on its own as well. The problem gets worse if the bottom of the trench is not graded to a consistent pitch. Many landscape crews either don't understand that, don't believe that it matters, or are more worried about getting the job done so the pipe tends to have its ups and downs. Then it eventually clogs.
PVC has two rows of holes with a smooth bottom valley in between for the water to run. As the trench fills the water rises and enters the holes and drops into the valley. Then it justs shoots down that pitched valley at a contant speed, if it is a constant pitch.
brandon & laag,
thanks for your replies. I dont know if this helps more, but here is a photo of after a regular rain session.
When it really downpours the drainage issue is much more spread out.
I believe the landscaper said that gravel would be used, but I will check.
As a general rule, it is not economically feasible to size subsurface drains to handle the water when the big rain comes. Thus subsurface drains can lull one in to thinking that surface grading if acceptable and results in unanticipated flooding.
In my opinion, you have asked many questions and got good and true answers. But it is likely that you have asked the wrong questions and the answers are worthless.
Drainage is very site specific and you have given us little of the important particulars needed for the design of a solution to the problem. Perhaps your question should have been "How do I go about finding a fix for this drainage problem".
Under some conditions french drains provide a means to de-water saturated soil. Where the soil is not saturated it makes little sense to create that condition and then solve the problem with a french drain.
Water in the landscape is beneficial to plants in the right amounts. It can be damaging to both plants and structures in the wrong place. Rainfall has an economical value as it minimizes the cost of supplemented water. And it has legal issues as well.
In dealing with all the issues of water, it's easy to fix a problem in one place only to create one in another place. The cost of regrading and drainage remediation makes it smart to get it right the first time. Tunnel vision leads to unanticipated problems. It's best to consider all aspects across the entire property, not just the problem area. A comprehensive plan for the entire property leads to the best cost / benefit ratio.
A good place to start is by completing a detailed base map of your property. Close attention should be payed to where water enters and leaves your lot.
The water entering your lot represents a potential for flooding if grading does not discharge the water from a maximum storm event.
Under the currant condition, after the water fills the depression shown in your photo, the excess runs off and exits your lot somewhere. If you change this exit location you will be liable for any damages caused and you might be made to undo the changes.
The elevation that water leaves your lot is a resource. The lower the elevation, the greater the possible solutions you will have for drainage features.
Considering this, do you have confidence in the contractors and their proposals? Did they provide you will a detailed plan that you have not shared with us? Will either one work? Myself, I don't have a clue.
You can hire someone to do a base plan ($300-400?) or you can do it yourself with some instruction. Or you could just cross your fingers and hope for the best.
To be honest, I cant think of any other variables to mention that I have not allready done to better analyze how to go about this project. However, Im welcoming all feedback as I lack the expertise in this matter and want to make sure I do the right thing. With regards to the confidence in the work, i would say Im somewhat confident, however, this would be the first time i've ever hired this individual, much less have something of this magnitude done for my home. When it rains, the middle of this yard is saturated with rainwater and takes awhile to dry up/runoff. I feel that regrading the backyard ONLY(not install the french drain) will not be the solution because it would appear that there would be a chance that water will flow towards the house versus out. However, im not qualified to make that assessment By installing this french drain and regrading appropriately, it should help with the problem. Should I post more pics of the yard to get a better perspective of what I am working with?
A trench drain on the edge of the patio would take the water off of that patio once the swale fills to where it is coming onto the patio. The patio itself is not big enough to need to worry much about the runoff created by it.
If the puddling on the patio is the main issue, the channel drain will take that water away once the swale fills to that point. Then you could just let the swale infiltrate over time.
If you want to get rid of all of the excess water from the swale, you could skip the channel drain at the patio and dig out the bottom of the swale. Grade the bottom of the trench for an even slope. Line the trench with silt fabric. Add an inch of 3/8"-1/2" gravel to bottom to keep the pipe just off of the fabric. Then put perforated pvc pipe with the two rows of holes toward the bottom and fill the trench with washed 3/4" gravel. You could dress the top with larger river rock. You need to keep the stone open to the surface in order for this to work properly. Of course the piping needs to continue to its end destination at a constant or increasing slope in order to keep sediment from setting in the pipe.
The question is whether you want to have stone on the surface.
The best thing would be to grade the property for possitive surface drainage, but it is assumed that you can't do that for some reason.
I hope I have not offended you with my curt replies. Others have said this is sometimes not a friendly forum to visit. I may be a part of that. I assure you it has nothing to do with you. Most of the regulars here seek to be helpful but we often fall short of achieving that result for a host of reasons. It can be frustrating.
I hope you dont mind that I post a small copy of your photo so that I can refer to it.
Comparing the photo with my 50 years of experience with terrain and construction, several things are suggested. I have drawn a level blue line along the back of the house that matches the lines of the siding. This is the level plane from where the photo was taken. Assuming the photo was taken by a person standing, the line across the door indicates the house floor is only slightly higher than the backyard grade. I would expect a house on a concrete slab with a 2 to 8 inch drop from floor to patio level.
Most slab construction is built on lots having 3% or less natural slopes. Thus the street grade is likely 1 to 2.5 feet below floor elevation. For your sake I hope it is closer to the 2.5 difference.
There appears to be a small cut in the natural grade to the rear of the house to accommodate the slab construction. On the right of the photo we see the resulting upslope that probably is less steep past the cut area. The size of the upslope area is unknown but represents the possibility of a significant quantity of water that may flow to the flat behind the house.
The fence looks to be 6 ft tall and the level plane intersects it close to the top indicating the grade there is slightly below that where the photo was taken. There does not appear to be any swale turning the corner to take the water to the street. Could it be that the only exit for water is under the fence?
With the present grading and the fence acting to limit high flows, I would not be surprised to see a water depth of one foot back there in a major storm event. Now how much was that floor above the back yard?
Thanks guys for your input so far. I find this very helpful and welcome the honest feedback. Id rather you guys be blunt as its what I need. Forgive me if I seem rather naive or am not able to fully answer your questions. With regards to stone, id rather not go that route if possible due to aesthetic and practical purposes, unless I am misunderstanding. I have a dog that plays in the back so I want her to have as much space to romp without getting hurt or have an excuse to mess up all the work that would be done. Re-grading for positive flow is definitely an option I would like to consider, but I just worry that if I only do that and not install the pipe/drain, that it will have a higher chance of running towards the house. Is that a fair concern(based on those pics/scenario)or am I overreacting? A
I've posted up additional images to get another perspective of my backyard. To answer the question regarding where it drains, I'm almost positive that the water drains towards the left by the door(under the fence). You can tell due to the thatch near there and the wear of the grass as well. In addition, it seems like the yard has the most positive flow going in that direction. Certainly, the left side of the house leading down to the street reinforces that theory as you can see how the water runs off down in that direction. In terms of distance, the street is much closer towards the right but there isn't a positive flow going towards that way and it doesn't naturally drain in that direction. With regards to the right side of the blue line, its not that much steep, as its just a few trees and mulch. With regards to a heavy rainstorm, the water has ebbed very close towards the storm door but has never flooded into the house thankfully. With regards to a heavy rainstorm and how high the water can get near the patio, i've never measured the depth of that so I can't give a solid answer unfortunately. I think in the worst case situations, if I were to step out there with a pair of regular sneakers that were non-waterproof, id have some very wet shoes. It's very soggy in those areas when it rains whereas the rest of the backyard is not nearly as soggy. It certainly takes longer in these areas to dry up/run off in comparison to the other areas of the backyard.
Thanks again guys for your help and patience.
Good. Now we have some effective communication going. The sketch is a very crude base map and will need improvement, but we can do that later. For now we can see the scope of the proposal and start to assess its effect.
I would like to take some time now to explain what is really happening in your backyard. Hopefully, in a way that is understandable.
Picture a 5 gal bucket with a ¼ inch hole drilled in the bottom. On the side very near the bottom is another ¼ inch hole. Above that hole are two ¼ inch holes. Going up the side of the bucket are an ever increasing number of holes and the hole size also increases.
Put the bucket under a faucet and dribble some water in. The water all runs out the bottom hole. Open the faucet some more and water will build up and start to run out one or more of the side holes. Open the faucet more and the water depth increases. Now note, for any given flow rate the water depth stabilizes when the outflow equals the inflow.
Think of your backyard as a very shallow bucket. Rain on the upslope runs in and the water depth increases until the outflow rate equals the inflow. To change the depth, one must either limit the rate of inflow or maximize the rate of outflow.
Now lets look at how different amounts of rainfall effect the rate of inflow. Suppose with relatively dry soil there is a half inch rain. All of the water is absorbed by the soil and none runs down to your backyard.
With a 1 inch rain, half an inch is absorbed and the other half inch runs to your backyard. The flow will have very little depth; probably less than an eighth of an inch and will travel very slowly down the slope. While the rain may come in an hour, the water reaching your yard may be spread over a much longer time.
Up the rainfall to 2 inches and now you a get 1.5 inch runoff, three times what a 1 inch was. And the depth of water running down the slope is increased. This increased depth produces a dramatic increase in the speed the water travels. The combination of water quantity multiplied by the increased speed can result in a flow rate many times what a smaller rainfall produced.
Consider now the storm that occurs only once in 20 to a 100 years; perhaps a 5, 8, or 10 inch rain over a 3 hour period. It would not be unusual to get a flow rate that is 20 to 50 times greater than with a common 1 inch rain. For a situation where a 4 inch drain pipe is adequate for a normal rain, it is woefully undersized for larger storms, where its capacity is likely to be less than 5% of what is needed.
What I am trying to point out is the importance of assessing the amount of drainage area that contributes water to your backyard and how it affects the problem you have.
The proposal for the french drain with a cover of topsoil would only have a very delayed increased in outflow and thus would have little to no affect on the maximum water depth in the problem area.
I know that is just a sketch but I think the French drain should be extended and closer to the patio. Does the specification for the French drain include the depth? Are you ever likely to make further changes like extending the patio, resurfacing or having a wall between it and the grass?
Yes, the drain would be much closer to the patio, specifically at the lowest point. I don't believe he listed the depth of the drain, but I can most certainly ask. Whoever i decide to go with, I will certainly have them amend the proposal so that everything that you guys suggest will be documented accordingly. With regards to assessing the area, here's a rough look at how it would look after a storm. Matter of fact, you bring up a very valid point. Next heavy rain storm, i'll go out and measure specifically where the areas are affected as well as take pictures. One other thing I should note, I do live in Atlanta, so there is Georgia red clay below the sod& topsoil.
Lets take a close look at the french drain proposal. Laag gave you some very good advice when he said:
"I'd rater see pvc used because if it is pitched, it will keep the water moving at a speed that would move any sediment that gets into the pipe along with the water. Corrugated is a lot more likely to vary in pitch allowing water to slow down and deposit sediment in the pipe. Corrugation slows it down on its own as well. The problem gets worse if the bottom of the trench is not graded to a consistent pitch. Many landscape crews either don't understand that, don't believe that it matters, or are more worried about getting the job done so the pipe tends to have its ups and downs. Then it eventually clogs."
One of the problematic areas for this project is at the street.
In the graphic above I profile the likely relative grade of the sidewalk and curb. While sidewalks do get built 4 or more inches above curb grade, on flat ground the usual difference is around 2 inches as shown. A proper pipe grade (shown in blue) going downward to the gutter is blocked by the depth of the sidewalk. The cheap way of tunneling under the walk results in the pipe location shown in red. Since the slope is up to the curb, the pipe traps water that cant drain out in the area shaded in brown. During summer this will be a great nursery for mosquitoes. Over a period of time the standing water will be replaced with silt, clogging the pipe.
Remembering what lag said, lets look at the over all pipe grade.
Here I have assigned an assumed elevation to the house floor of 100. From the photos we can see that the ground at the end of the pipe run is probably around 10 inches lower than the house elevation. We do not know what the elevation of the street gutter is, but standard house construction on flat ground usually results in a gutter grade 2 to 3 feet below floor elevation (elev 98 to 97). Suppose the pipe in the backyard is put 1 ft deep at elevation 98.2 It can be seen that if the gutter elevation is greater than 98, the pipe wont work at all. With the gutter at 98 the pipe will be laid flat, will have pockets of standing water in it, and as laag advised, will be prone to clog. If the gutter is at 97 things are only slightly better and this is true only if you follow laags suggestion for PVC pipe and great care is used in maintaining a constant grade during construction, using a laser or survey instruments. I get the feeling your contractor doesnt have this equipment nor knows how to use it.
In summery, unless you take laags suggestion to provide a direct entry for surface water to the pipe, the sole benefit of this project will be that in the days between rains the ground will tend to dry along the 3ft strip over the French drain. There will be no improvement to the temporary pooling of water and over time the pipe will be prone to clog with sediment.
Fulton County GA has an online GIS system. The following is a sample taken from the PDF generated and zoomed to 200% showing contours at 2ft intervals.
This type of mapping is very useful for the design people here to understand what the situation is for your lot.
To get the graphic for your lot, go first to ...
Find your location. As you zoom in you will see a map marked in squares with a number such as T230603. The number indicates Tile 230603.
Now go to ...
Enter the tile number without the "T". Set the form for Topographic Map then click Generate Map.
The area will open in a PDF file. Find your location and zoom to 200%. If you don't have the means to capture the screen image you may have to sign up with abobe in order to email the screen image to yourself.
Thanks guys for the replies. I'll make sure to take a screenshot of that PDF and post it on here. I'll definently stick with PVC pipe. I can see what you mean with regards to the grade of the pipe. I'll definently need to discuss this with whomever I decide to use. To note, i've only contacted Landscapers for these quotes. From what I gather from you guys, I should probably contact contractor instead.
What is it with homebuilders? They just dont get it. With slab construction on flat ground, mere inches in grade elevation mean the difference in something that works and a drainage nightmare. You would think that responsible homebuilders would learn to do a detailed grading plan and control construction to implement that plan for this type construction. They dont. The result is a drainage problem fostered upon unsuspecting homeowners. And sometimes there is no viable fix to be had at any cost.
Enter the guys that make a living mowing grass. Its cheap to add the word "Landscaping" to the side of the truck. And there are plenty of homeowners out there desperate to fix their drainage. And from what they see on the internet and in magazines, french drains and dry wells solve these type problems. Can I say "easy mark"? In reality, for every french drain and dry well that accomplishes what was intended there are 9 that are a waste of money.
Having a lawn service fix your drainage is about like having your barber to do brain surgery.
End of rant.
No typo, laag. From the information known, the pipe grade in the rear is shown at maximum height. What is unknown is the street gutter grade. But drops of 2 ft below house floor grade are common on flat grade with slab construction. If that is the case, the 0.2 ft drop over the pipe length is the best that could be done. Looking at the contours provided by advertaddy, I would guess that the street gutter is lower, maybe around elevation 97, allowing a pipe grade of around 1%. Ill leave it to you to describe the performance at these slopes, flexible corrugated versus PVC, with and without good grade control during installation.
Advertaddy, you did good getting that graphic. Its not often we get that type of response to a request for information.
Based on the contours, I have shaded the area that likely drains to the problem spot. Luckily, its not that big, maybe around 8000 sq ft. As you already know, common rain amounts produce pooling, but nothing that leads to house flooding. If you should get an uncommon rain of better than 6 inches, I would expect something like 30,000 gal to hit your backyard over a 2 hour period. Remember that water depth is a function of inflow versus outflow. Dividing quantity by time, you need to discharge about 250 gal per minute; an amount way more than a 4 inch pipe can handle but something thats easy to handle with overland flow. I rather doubt that you will ever experience house flooding, provided you do not let the privacy fence block high surface flow.
Turning back to the pipe proposal, I note that from the sketch and the photos, there is a water meter and line from the corner of your lot to the house. The gas meter indicates a gas line running through the project area too. Its likely that the drainage pipe will have to cross both these lines at some point. Since you dont want to disrupt the pipe grade, the other lines may interfere and need to be relocated to a greater depth. There is also a large shrub near the lot corner that must be avoided. If your contractor is unconcerned about these issues, its because he intends to hump the drain pipe over, or dip it under, the other lines without regard to the sediment blockage and diminished pipe performance that will result.
How does one know when you are getting a proposal from someone who is just going to bury some pipe and take your money? Two good tip-offs are one, the suggestion of flexible corrugated pipe on flat ground and two, the failure to break out an instrument and shoot the controlling elevations.
The contours provided suggest to me topography and street grades such that surface grading without any pipes would be a better solution. An accurate base map would be needed to make that determination.
And so I have another request for photos as shown below. Take #1 from across the street pointed directly at the house about 10 ft down from the fence. Take # 3 standing on the curb across the street and only slightly to the right of the house side as shown.
Will do, I will post those up shortly. Thank you tremendously guys for your help. I wanted to note that the house next to us(to the right if you look at the topographic map) has the street drain in front of its property near the right side. Therefore, any drainage from the french drain that makes it out on the street has a relative short distance to travel to make its way to the sewer. I dont know if that means anything but I figured Id throw that out there.
Well, that was fast. You are about the most responsive visitor to this forum I can recall. Up until now most everything said has been general in nature and would apply to many drainage problems.
I would like to go back to something laag said early on in this thread:
"The best thing would be to grade the property for positive surface drainage, but it is assumed that you can't do that for some reason."
He was right; that would be best. And from what I can see, it looks probable that surface drainage could be done with the advantage that larger flows would be accommodated and no pipe would be needed. It was the original grading that screwed things up and that is what needs fixing. But to prove the viability of a grading plan, more precise data will be needed, both horizontal and vertical.
A great source of horizontal data would be a lot survey if you have a copy from when you bought the property. Scan or photo it and post here. If you dont have a survey plat, you can save a lot of measuring by getting lot and house dimensions from the Fulton County Assessor site. Look yourself up at :
Copy the lot graphic under "Map" and the house graphic under "Sketch"
Without a lot survey, in order to get the house correctly located on the lot we will need you to measure the distance from the back fence to the house at the corners and the distance from the east lot line at the fence corner over to the house corner. This wont result in a perfect base map, but close enough for whats needed.
One last question for now do you have a sprit level?
I agree, this shows how a forum like this could work yet rarely does it get this level of participation well done all concerned.
I asked a couple of questions earlier that I see as relevant "Are you ever likely to make further changes like extending the patio, resurfacing or having a wall between it and the grass?" The existing 'patio' is concrete and falls away from the house where it meets the water that comes down the other way, as the picture show this is where the water gathers, in a little gully. A French drain at the edge of the existing 'patio' would be compromised if ever a wall was built there. If it was ever decided to dress the concrete with a more attractive face (stone, tile etc.) this would also upset the dynamic.
Also it looks to me (re latest photos) that some of the water sitting at the edge of your slab has been donated by your neighbour.
Thanks for the additional info. When it comes to home improvement from those like yourself that are kind enough to help, I am more than happy to provide info requested. You guys saved me some potential mishaps so far so im glad i've taken the time to research this more thoroughly than to dump some cash in to get quick fix. I have a level but its a small one and for small jobs inside of the house.
inkognito, my fault for not answering your questions. The answer would be "no" to all. Our back yard is pretty boring an uninspired but believe me, the previous owners made it look like a bumbling mess. We had to chop down several trees, grind stumps, & lay down sod. Same for the front as well. With regards to the patio, there was a horrible lattice/wood thing on there that we tore down. Our only real concern for the back yard is a safe space for our dog to play and to fix this nagging drainage problem. I never really put thought into it, but are you suggesting the neighbor that lives behind us has water coming into our yard? I guess that's a possibility but I've never really noticed. Might have to scope that out to see if its true or not.
The lot information is sufficient. But we will also need the house dimensions. Was there no house graphic at the assessors site under "Sketch". No survey plat?
Doing projects is a matter of matching resources to the situation. Before I describe things you should do, I need to know in a general way, are you a 30 year old athlete standing 64" and weighing 200, or 70 years old and getting around with a walker? Do you have someone that can assist you in making measurements and other chores? Have you done some DIY projects or do you shun anything that involves using a screwdriver?
No runoff from the neighbor's driveway.
I don't recall a survey plat@ closing and cant find such document in my records. Might have to dig more to see. .1449 Acres, 2504 Living area.
As far as my stats(sounds like a dating service): 28 male, 165lb, not fat but not in shape(working on it). My wife can assist me in making measurements, or I have neighbors that would be able to help. I have done DIY projects with my wife while our friend who has done contracting work for most of his life, has assisted us. The biggest project the 3 of us did was laying down sod front/back yard in the middle of June/July(something I will most likely never do again, lol). Screwdrivers are our friend. I like using socket wrenches. Are you alluding that my wife and friend can install this ourselves?
Grade and drainage are the foundation of all landscapes. A house built on a bad foundation suffers multiple problems and the same is true for a landscape. Would you spend big money remodeling an older home without first checking the foundation? Not smart. Yet many people go forward with expensive landscape projects without ever evaluating the foundation of grade and drainage.
My participation in this thread is pointed at demonstrating a process to assess grade and drainage. I hope to show how to gather a large and diverse set of data and summarize it in a graphical format I will call a base map. The base map can then be utilized to design grade and drainage that works. If adveraddy solves his drainage problem it will serve to validate the process.
In the graphic above I have used the used the shape and dimensions from the assessors graphic to draw the lot boundary on a blank graph. Note that I assigned a scale to the graph of 1=20, each small square being 4 ft. In a like manor I used the house dimensions to draw the house on a similar graph and then traced it onto the lot drawing. The street and walk are added and located based on common residential development. Though I did my work on a computer, it could have been done with transparent graph paper, a pencil, and a straight edge.
So now I have an inaccurate base map. Inaccurate in that the house location is a guess, as is also the dimensions from the property line to the walk, street, and fence. But all these inaccuracies can be cured with a few simple measurements. Perhaps advertaddy can provide the missing measurements needed.
Water runs downhill. From what can be seen in the photos, I have summarized the surface flows by drawing the path that water takes with blue lines along with a shaded area where the water pools.
A temporary pool of water can form where a lot of water runs down a slope to a near flat area where it slows up. This is like what happens on a busy freeway when a patch of fog drifts across the road slowing traffic. There is an immediate backup of traffic. For advertaddys lot there is an upslope area, but in this case it appears that most all of the upslope water is cut off by his neighbors drive and flows to the street. So if this is not the reason for pooling, then there is only one other possibility; the pool area is surrounded by a perimeter of slightly raised ground.
The design of near flat areas is often limited to not less than a 2% grade; 2ft of fall for each 100 ft of distance. The reason for this standard is that only ordinary control in construction is needed to avoid dips and depressions that will pool water. Slopes down to 1% can work for small areas where the surface grade is meticulously controlled to a uniform slope and there is little upslope draining onto the area.
Surface flow, where possible, is superior to pipe flow. Its cheaper, usually handles greater flow amounts, and requires little if any maintenance. The question then becomes is there enough grade difference to design for surface flow in advertaddys back yard.
The closer terrain is to flat, there is a need for greater precision in determining ground elevation. This can be a problem for the average homeowner with only ordinary tools for the measurement, but it is not an impossible task.
To be continued
We have evaluated the some of the benefits and construction issues of the pipe proposal. Now I would suggest advertaddy investigate the possibility of surface drainage. Some reasonably accurate elevation data will be needed to prove the viability. To do what I propose, he will need some materials; a few 2ft stakes, a nylon string line, and a string level.
A string level is not a precision instrument and I am not fond of their use where accuracy is needed. But for short distances, and for this case particularly, I think the careful use of a string level will be sufficient. Rather than collect useful data over the whole of the project area, this preliminary study will be concentrated on only the critical grade points.
In the graphic above I show the location of a string line that can be used to gather the information needed. Begin at point C by locating a space between fence boards that aligns with the back 6 inches of the patio. At the space between boards drive a wood screw about 1ft above ground level. Tie on a string line and stretch it out toward point B. Select a location for a stake at point "B such that the string passes over the patio near the back edge and also aligns with the jog in the house as shown.
Attach the string level at the mid point between B and C. Stretch the string tight and tie to stake B with a loop. Adjust the string height at stake B so that the string level indicates the string is level. Install stakes at A and D. Extend string lines to the end stakes in a like manner with all lines at the same level. Measure the horizontal distance for each line segment.
Begin at stake A. Measure the ground to string distance. Move 5 ft down the line toward B and take another measurement. Continue this process until you are near B.
Begin anew at B and start the 5 ft intervals from there. Do the same at C and make a last measurement at D
Record the measurements in this fashion
+5 -?
+10 -?
+15 -?
To correct the details of the base map, take measurements as shown in blue.
Thanks pls8xx for the additional info. I'll need to round up these materials and get back to you. I wont be as quick to respond as I'm tied up a few days but will certainly respond when I have everything in order. Thank you as well as everyone else for your help and detailed replies.
Can you clarify points A, B, & D location? Here is a photo of the backyard around that location.
Also, is point D on the other side of the fence where the grass meets the sidewalk? So i will have to draw the string underneath the fence, right? Sorry if these are obvious questions, I just want to make sure.
Threads on drainage and grade issues often end prematurely. Homeowners are seldom willing to expend the effort to provide the details necessary to fully understand the problem and possible solutions.
Additionally, problems of grade and drainage are often brought to this forum after after significant money was spent on some landscape project. Homeowners are reluctant to consider any fix to a problem that destroys the previous work.
The moral of this story is not to begin a significant landscape project without a comprehensive plan that always considers grade and drainage.


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Representative Raul Ruiz (1972 - )In Congress 2013 - Present
State | District | In Congress |
California | 36 | House: 113th-114th (2013-Present) |
Party | Democratic |
Legislation Sponsored or Cosponsored by Raul Ruiz
of 1
H.R.15 — 113th Congress (2013-2014)
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act
Sponsor: Rep. Garcia, Joe [D-FL-26] (Introduced 10/02/2013) Committees: House - Education and the Workforce, Foreign Affairs, Natural Resources, Oversight and Government Reform, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Armed Services, Homeland Security, Science, Space, and Technology, Financial Services, Agriculture, Budget, Judiciary, Energy and Commerce Latest Action: 03/26/2014 Motion to Discharge Committee filed by Mr. Garcia. Petition No: 113-9. (Discharge petition text with signatures.) Note: On 3/26/2014, a motion was filed to discharge the Committees on the Judiciary, Foreign Affairs, Homeland Security, Ways and Means, Armed Services, Natural Resources, Agriculture, Education and the Workforce, Energy and Commerce, Oversight and Government Reform, the Budget, Science...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Law and Policy students learn to think analytically about the public action component of current legal and policy concerns associated with health care, social policy and international development. The major links curricular content with challenges facing Tacoma, South Puget Sound and Washington State.
Politics, Philosophy and Public Affairs (PPPA)
About Politics, Philosophy and Public Affairs
The Division of Politics, Philosophy and Public Affairs (PPPA) provides vibrant and innovative programs of study where students explore the manner in which societies solve social challenges. Housed within the Interdisciplinary Arts and Science program at the University of Washington Tacoma, PPPA's innovative curriculum combines theory and practice, and is an excellent choice for students interested in current events, public affairs, politics, government, ethics, human rights, economics, international studies, law or social philosophy. We offer the majors of Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PP&E) and Law and Policy. We also offer minors in Asian Studies, Economics, Human Rights, Law and Policy, Politics and Religious Studies. Our faculty of active scholars are committed to undergraduate education; through small classes, extracurricular activities and individualized internships, PPPA provides many opportunities for students to work closely with faculty.
Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PP&E) major
Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PP&E) offers an innovative curriculum for students drawn to interdisciplinary approaches and diverse frameworks for understanding social phenomenon.
Asian Studies minor
Students minoring in Asian Studies develop a well-rounded understanding of the countries and cultures of Asia.
Economics minor
Economic reasoning is of growing importance to social challenges such as climate change, the increased mobility of labor, the spreead of global markets and the fiscal problems associated with an aging population.
Human Rights minor
This Human Rights minor is an option for students who are interested in this rapidly emerging field of study.
Law and Policy minor
The Law and Policy minor provides students with a foundation in logical reasoning and develops their ability to analyze and communicate complex ideas.
Politics minor
This minor is designed for students seeking a solid understanding of the political ideas and processes that shape political outcomes.
Religious Studies minor
The study of religion deepens our understanding of human nature and engages us in reflection on life's greatest questions. The Religious Studies minor allows students to inquire into diverse religious beliefs and the social implications of these beliefs.
PPPA calendar
PPPA blog
The PPPA blog is updated regularly.
To request changes to this page, please contact Margaret Lundberg at email@example.com.


text:
The 2015 Audi S5 delivers an exceptional sport driving character in a very attractive package, while offering impressive connected tech in the cabin, but its coupe styling limits its practicality.
If you missed the boat the first time, AARP is offering a user-friendly tablet for tech novices.
Although lacking well-integrated connected features, the 2015 Cadillac ATS Coupe makes a worthy rival to its European competition, and should be a top consideration for anyone interested in a sport-luxury coupe.
Powered by Tizen, not Android, Samsung's Z1 smartphone comes with a bargain-basement price and is heading for developing countries.
Pricing not available
Don't call it an SUV. BMW's 567-horsepower "sport activity vehicle" defies the laws of physics on one of America's greatest race circuits.
Pricing not available
The Babolat Play Pure Drive is the best implementation of technology in a tennis racket, but the data it delivers won't necessarily help you become a pro.
Pricing not available
Lamborghini showed off a new edition of its massively powerful and fast Aventador mid-engine super car during the 2015 Geneva auto show, one that increase power while decreasing weight.
Pricing not available
It's far from pocketable, but the P900's ludicrous 24-2,000mm-equivalent zoom range will make sure you get those bird, building, moon or sports shots.
The new Audi R8 may have simplified its distinctive visual style, but the performance from the V10 plus model looks to be sharper than ever.
Pricing not available
For everyday action photography, the D7200 promises longer bursts and built-in Wi-Fi.


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How We Make our Relationship Work with Three Kids Underfoot
Tim and I like to think that we have a marriage that works.
By "works," I mean that over ten years into our romantic relationship, and nearly nine years into our marriage, we still like each other. We still want to be with one another. We still enjoy each other's company, and we still envision ourselves growing old together. We're still attracted to one another. And we still count each other as our best friends.
In other words, I think we're doing something right.
Often, I see people attributing the "success" of their relationship to some sort of religious reasons (e.g. "placing God at the center of their marriage") or to very generic, magazine-ready reasons (e.g. "we respect each other and treat each other with kindness"). And I know that these reasons are completely right for lots of people.
But these reasons aren't relevant for everyone. Including Tim and me.
It's not that we're anti-God or anti-respect or anti-kindness. It's just that we've had to find different strategies to stay in love (and, perhaps more importantly, "in like") with one another over the years, especially once we added kids to the mix. Because, you know, generic kindness only goes so far when you're elbow deep in baby-poop, eardrum-deep in whining, and heart-deep in worry over your children.
So why do I think that our marriage and relationship work so well (despite the fact that we have multiple jobs and three kids, and in addition to the fact that we are relatively privileged in regard to our economic stability)?
We view our marriage as a partnership: not as a perpetual dream date.
At the beginning of our relationship–like the beginning of most relationships–every day was like a dream date. And it didn't seem to matter where that dream date occurred.
For example, when we first started dating, Tim had to move into one of his friends' basements for a few weeks. And really, it was more dungeon than basement. There were exposed pipes, piles of college boys' laundry, empty beer bottles. And Tim's bed and (if I recall correctly) all of his clothes stashed away in duffle bags and trash bags. It was classy.
Every once in a while, I'd spend the night with Tim in his dungeon bedroom. I wouldn't even think twice about it. And every once in a while, the condensation from the pipes overhead would drip onto us when we were sleeping.
But did I go running and screaming from the basement of doom? Did I get angry at Tim for subjecting me to such grotesque living conditions?
No. No, I didn't. Because I was newly in love. And I was head over heels for this guy. And every day was a dream date. And we had even created a silly pet name ("The Drip") for this disgusting occurrence. Because every day was a dream date, and everything (even The Drip) was glorious and beautiful and magnificent.
But now? Now if Tim wanted me to spend an afternoon, let alone a whole night, under the waterfall of a college-house basement's leaky pipes, I'd tell him that I'd much rather spend that time by myself, thankyouverymuch. Because every day is not a dream date any longer.
And you know what? That's okay. Instead of perpetual dream dates, we have this really amazing partnership where we are friends and roommates and housemates and co-parents and (cover your eyes and ears, kiddos!) fuck-buddies all in one. We've learned to cherish this partnership too. And when the time is right, we've also learned to set aside time for our own miniature dream dates.
We accept that our plans are contingent: not permanent.
With that being said, with three small children under our care, we've learned not to put too much stock into our "dream date" plans too.
In fact, when I was looking to write this post, I found the following draft tucked away in the recesses of my blog's admin page:
Tim and I celebrated our eighth anniversary last night.
When I say that Tim and I "celebrated" our eighth anniversary, I don't mean that we went out for a fancy dinner, stayed in a hotel, and had the sort of loud, awesome sex that you just can't have with three sleeping kids in the house. Our time, money, and childcare situation simply doesn't lend itself to that sort of anniversary celebration at this point in our lives.
But we did plan to spend a quiet night in with a little bit of take-out, a movie, and at the very least a rousing make-out session.
The night started off great when Alec, who is pretty consistently the most difficult child at bedtime, fell asleep by 7:45 p.m. And then Eric followed soon after.
But then things kind of fell apart.
First, Eric woke up after a mere fifteen minutes. Then Miles came downstairs with a string of toilet paper hanging out of his pants, proclaiming, "HEY GUYS, I JUST WENT TO THE BATHROOM! LOOK AT MY TAIL!!!" (Oh, you mean that TAIL OF POO PAPER HANGING OUT OF YOUR PANTS?!) And then once we got Miles tucked into bed again, Eric proceeded to fuss and fuss and fuss and fuss all night, alternating between nursing with me and rocking in Tim's arms and sleeping for maybe a couple hours at a time all throughout the night.
So Tim and I snarfed down food one at a time. Eric was so loud that we couldn't even watch a movie together. And I eventually went up to bed solo, mostly because I figured that I'd be nursing all night and needed to get some sleep in order to function the next morning.
And that's why we've given up on the idea of grand, romantic gestures.
These paragraphs makes me laugh, partly because I can scarcely remember that night. (And yes, because I have the benefit of temporal distance, I can laugh hysterically at the thought of an anniversary night that involved a screaming baby and a poo-paper-tail.)
But what I wrote last year also brings a more demure, compassionate smile to my face. Tim and I have come to accept that with three children–or even with one child, or perhaps even no children at all–the plans we make are never permanent. They are contingent upon kids' illnesses and emotions and sleep habits and schedules. They are subject to last-minute alterations and cancellations. And they–those lovely plans we make–rarely look like anything from a romance novel.
Often they look more like something from a romantic comedy. One with lots of slapstick and poop jokes and a general sense of frazzledness.
And instead of crying over the impermanence of our plans (or at least instead of crying too much), we choose laughter.
We laugh a lot.
And we do laugh a lot. We've even carved tiny routines into each week that all but guarantee that we laugh with one another.
For instance, we started taking showers together a few times a week, first so that we could fit in some "sexy time," and second so that we could have a few minutes to just talk with one another.
Lately, these showers have turned into Tim and Kristen's Comedy Hour Ten Minutes. We've had Neil Young Shower Singalongs, wherein we learned that while I may have perfected the nasally whine of Young's vocal stylings, Tim has the warble down pat. We've done operatic renditions of favorite nursery rhymes. We've recounted the previous night's wild and hilarious dreams. We've laughed so hard that we had to be careful not to push the other one right out over the shower curtain.
We are stupid-silly in the shower. And this morning stupidity/silliness is marvelous. It helps us to feel connected to one another, across the distance of sleepless nights and after-school activities and ridiculous work schedules.
We're happy with the small things, and we know when to recognize that they're bigger and better than most big things.
And I think that this is the key for us.
We're grateful for those ten minute showers.
We're grateful for those nights when a "hot date" is eating Chipotle burritos on the couch while we watch old episodes of "The Larry Sanders Show."
We're grateful for those moments when all three kids are sleeping, and we can share a glass of wine in bed.
We're grateful for the silly voicemails and texts and emails we send to one another.
We're grateful for the cups of coffee we make or buy for each other.
We're grateful for the person who cooks or buys dinner, and we're grateful for the person who cleans the dishes.
We're grateful for the big things–the grand date nights and the all-too-rare nights away and the Christmas or birthday presents–but we're just as grateful, if not more so, for the small gifts that we give each other every day.
It's the small, silly things that seem to make a relationship work (or not work) anyway, I think.