text:
List of indigenous peoples
This article possibly contains original research. (September 2014) |
This is a partial list of the world's indigenous / aboriginal / native peoples. Indigenous peoples are any ethnic group of peoples who are considered to fall under one of the internationally recognized definitions of Indigenous peoples, such as United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank, i.e. "those ethnic groups that were indigenous to a territory prior to being incorporated into a national state, and who are politically and culturally separate from the majority ethnic identity of the state that they are a part of".[1]
Note that this is a listing of peoples, groups and communities. Many of the names are externally imposed, and are not those the people identify within their cultures. As John Trudell observed, "They change our name and treat us the same." Basic to the unethical treatment of indigenous peoples is an insistence that the original inhabitants of the land are not permitted to name themselves. Many tribal groups have reasserted their traditional self-identifying names in recent times,[2] in a process of geographical renaming where "The place-name changes herald a new era, in which Aboriginal people have increasing control over the right to name and govern their homelands."[3]
This list is grouped by region, and sub-region. Note that a particular group may warrant listing under more than one region, either because the group is distributed in more than one region (example: Inuit in North America and eastern Russia), or there may be some overlap of the regions themselves (that is, the boundaries of each region are not always clear and some locations may commonly be associated with more than one region).
Eastern Hemisphere[edit]
Eastern Hemisphere, from a Physical Geography point of view, comprises the continents of Africa, Eurasia, Oceania, and associated islands. The biggest part is formed by the landmass of Afro-Eurasia supercontinent.
The continent of Africa, including associated islands such as Madagascar, but excluding Arabia.
North Africa[edit]
North Africa generally includes African countries with borders on the Mediterranean and northern Red Sea and Atlantic Ocean, bounded largely by the Sahara Desert to the south. Generally includes lands and countries north of the Sahara Desert. Due to ethnic, cultural and climatic characteristics, among others, it is a different region of the African continent.
- Berber (or Amazigh): Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania
- Egyptians: Egypt
- Haratin: Morocco, Mauritania
- Nuba: Sudan
- Nubians: Egypt, Sudan
- Tuareg: southern Sahara and Sahel regions of Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso
Sub-Saharan Africa[edit]
Sub-Saharan Africa includes the lands and African countries south of the Sahara desert. It is the biggest part of the African continent and has its own ethnic and cultural characteristics.
Central Africa[edit]
Central Africa generally includes the lands mainly of the Congo River basin, south of the Sahara and west of the East African Rift.
- Bubi people: Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
- Duala people: Cameroon
- Beti-Pahuin: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
- Ndowe ("Playeros"): Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
- Pygmy peoples: Central and Western Africa
- Toubou: southern Sahara
East Africa[edit]
East Africa, including the African Great Lakes region and the Indian Ocean islands.
- Acholi: Uganda
- Alur: Uganda
- Ambo: Zambia
- Ankole: Uganda
- Antalote: Comoros
- Aushi: Zambia
- Aweer: Kenya
- Babongo: Gabon
- Baganda: Uganda
- Bahima/Ankole: Uganda, Rwanda
- Bagisu: Uganda
- Bagwere: Uganda
- Bakiga: Uganda
- Bakonjo: Uganda
- Basoga: Uganda
- Batoro: Uganda
- Bemba: Zambia
- Betsileo: Madagascar
- Bisa: Zambia
- Bunyoro: Uganda
- Cafre: Comoros
- Chagga: Tanzania
- Chewa: Malawi
- Chikunda: Zambia
- Chokwe: Mozambique, Zambia
- Chopi: Mozambique
- Cishinga: Zambia
- Dinka: South Sudan
- Gova: Zambia
- Hadzabe: Tanzania
- Haya: Tanzania
- Hehe: Tanzania
- Hutu: Burundi, Rwanda
- Ila: Zambia
- Inamwanga: Zambia
- Iteso: Uganda
- Iwa: Zambia
- Jopadhola: Uganda
- Kabende: Zambia
- Kalenjin: Kenya
- Kamba: Kenya
- Kaonde: Zambia
- Karamojong: Uganda
- Kikuyu: Kenya
- Kisii: Kenya
- Kosa: Zambia
- Kunda: Zambia
- Kwandi: Zambia
- Kwandu: Zambia
- Kwangwa: Zambia
- Lala: Zambia
- Lamba: Zambia
- Lango: Uganda
- Lenje: Zambia
- Leya: Zambia
- Lima: Zambia
- Liyuwa: Zambia
- Lomwe: Malawi
- Lozi: Zambia
- Luano: Zambia
- Lucazi: Zambia
- Lugbara: Uganda
- Luhya: Kenya
- Lumbu: Zambia
- Lunda: Zambia
- Lundwe: Zambia
- Lungu: Zambia
- Luo: Kenya, Tanzania
- Luvale: Zambia
- Luunda: Zambia
- Maasai: Kenya and Tanzania
- Makoa: Comoros
- Makoma: Zambia
- Makonde: Mozambique
- Makua: Mozambique
- Mambwe: Zambia
- Manyika: Mozambique
- Mashasha: Zambia
- Mashi: Zambia
- Mbowe: Zambia
- Mbukushu: Zambia
- Mbumi: Zambia
- Mbunda: Zambia
- Mbwela: Zambia
- Merina: Madagascar
- Meru: Kenya
- Mukulu: Zambia
- Mulonga: Zambia
- Munyoyaya: Kenya
- Ndau: Mozambique
- Ndembu: Zambia
- Ng'umbo: Zambia
- Ngonde: Malawi
- Ngoni: Malawi
- Nguni: Mozambique
- Nkoya: Zambia
- Nsenga: Zambia
- Nuer: South Sudan
- Nyakyusa: Tanzania
- Nyamwezi: Tanzania
- Nyanja: Malawi, Zambia
- Nyengo: Zambia
- Nyiha: Zambia
- Ogiek: Kenya
- Oimatsaha: Comoros
- Oromo: Kenya
- Pare: Tanzania
- Rundi: Uganda
- Rwanda: Uganda
- Sakalava: Comoros
- Seba: Zambia
- Sena: Malawi, Mozambique
- Senga: Zambia
- Sengwer: Kenya
- Shangana: Mozambique
- Shanjo: Zambia
- Shila: Zambia
- Shilluk: South Sudan
- Shona: Mozambique
- Simaa: Zambia
- Soli: Zambia
- Subiya: Zambia
- Sukuma: Tanzania
- Swaka: Zambia
- Swahili: Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Uganda, Somalia, Comoros, Mayotte, Mauritius, Seychelles, Djibouti, Libya, South Africa, Zambia, Malawi, Madagascar, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Tabwa: Zambia
- Tambo: Zambia
- Toka: Zambia
- Totela: Zambia
- Tumbuka: Malawi, Zambia
- Tonga: Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia
- Tutsi: Burundi, Rwanda
- Twa peoples (Pygmy): Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo, Rwanda, Namibia, Zambia, Uganda
- Unga: Zambia
- Wandya: Zambia
- Watha: Kenya
- Yao: Malawi, Mozambique
- Yiaku/Yaaku: Kenya
- Yombe: Zambia
- Zulu: South Africa with significant population in Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Tanzania
Horn of Africa[edit]
The Horn of Africa includes Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia.
- Afar: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia
- Agaw: Ethiopia
- Akisho: Ethiopia
- Anuak: Ethiopia
- Beja: Eritrea
- Berta: Ethiopia
- Bilen: Eritrea
- Borana Oromo: Ethiopia
- Daasanach: Ethiopia
- Dorze: Ethiopia
- Gumuz: Ethiopia
- Gurage: Ethiopia
- Hamar: Ethiopia
- Hedareb: Eritrea
- Jeberti: Ethiopia
- Kichepo: Ethiopia
- Kunama: Eritrea
- Me'en: Ethiopia
- Mursi: Ethiopia
- Nara: Eritrea
- Nuer: Ethiopia
- Nyangatom: Ethiopia
- Oromo: Ethiopia
- Qemant: Ethiopia
- Rashaida: Eritrea
- Rer Bare: Ethiopia
- Saho: Eritrea
- Shanqella: Ethiopia
- Sidama: Ethiopia
- Silt'e: Ethiopia
- Somalis: Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya
- Suri: Ethiopia
- Tigre: Eritrea
- Tigray-Tigrinya people (Tigrinya): Eritrea
- Tigray-Tigrinya people (Tigray): Ethiopia
- Tirma: Ethiopia
- Welayta: Ethiopia
- Zay: Ethiopia
Southern Africa[edit]
Southern Africa generally includes lands from the Cape of Good Hope northwards to the borders of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, and islands such as Madagascar.
West Africa[edit]
West Africa generally includes the region bounded by the Sahara Desert to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south.
- Ogoni people: Nigeria
- Serer people: Senegal, the Gambia, Mauritania, Western Sahara,
- Tuareg: the Sahel
- Toubou: southern Sahara
The continent of Eurasia includes both Asia and Europe. Asia and Europe are, from a Physical Geography point of view, a single continent, because they are the same continental landmass and not two truly separate continents (they are a continuous, discrete mass of land and are not separate by an expanse of water). Europe can be considerate a western subcontinent of the larger landmass of Asia as the Indian Subcontinent is its southern one. Eurasia is the biggest landmass (continent) of Earth.
The continent of Asia including: the Asia Minor, south of the Caucasus Mountains, the West Asia to continental Eastern Mediterranean and the Arabian peninsula, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, North Asia east of the Ural mountains, Eastern Asia, continental South-East Asia and archipelagic regions of the Pacific and Indian oceans bordering the Australian continental shelf.
Central Asia[edit]
Central Asia generally includes the landlocked region east of the Caspian Sea, south of the Russian Taiga, to the Himalayas, and extending eastwards to Mongolia and the western Chinese provinces and autonomous regions.
- Khoid: Mongolia
- Mangud: Historically Mongolia
- Naimans: Inner Mongolia
- Oirats: West Mongolia
- Sartuul: Zavkhan, Mongolia
- Tibetan people: Tibet and neighbouring regions
- Uyghur: Xinjiang, China
- Yaghnobi: Tajikstan
East Asia[edit]
East Asia generally includes the People's Republic of China, the Korean Peninsula, and the associated Pacific islands, principally Japan and Taiwan.
- Ainu: Hokkaido, Japan and (until the end of World War II) on Sakhalin Island, Russia
- "Indigenous inhabitants": New Territories, Hong Kong
- Ryukyuans: Ryūkyū Kingdom, now Japan
- Salar people: China
- Taiwanese aborigines: the island of Taiwan
North Asia[edit]
North Asia generally includes the Russian Far East and the northern and eastern parts of Siberia.
- Northern indigenous peoples of Russia: Over 40 distinct peoples, each with their own language and culture in the Asiatic part of Russia (Siberia).
- Altayans: Titular nation of Altai Republic
- Buryats:
- Chukchi: Siberia, Russia
- Evenks: China, Mongolia, Russia
- Khakas:
- Koryaks: Russian Far East
- Northern Samoyedic peoples: West Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
- Enets: Far Northern Western Siberia, Russia
- Nenets: Far Northern Western Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
- Nganasan: Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
- Sakha (Yakut):
- Tungus:
- Tuvans:
- Ugric peoples: Yugra, Western Siberia, Russia
- Yukaghirs: Far Northern East Siberia, Russia
- Yupik: Alaska and the Russian Far East
South Asia/Indian Subcontinent[edit]
South Asia generally includes the Indian subcontinental region, adjacent areas, and related islands of the Indian Ocean.
- Adivasi: collective term for many indigenous peoples in India (see also List of Scheduled Tribes in India)
- Badaga: Tamil Nadu, South India
- Bodo-Kachari: Assam (Bodoland), Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India
- Chakma people: Bangladesh, Arunachal Pradesh - North-East India
- Gond: Gondwana Land, Central India
- Indigenous peoples of Sikkim: India
- Irula: Tamil Nadu, South India
- Karbi: Karbi Anglong, Assam, North-East-India
- Khasi-Jaintia: Meghalaya, Assam, North-East India
- Kisan people: indigenous peoples of the Orissa Sundergarh, Odisha, East India
- Kodava people: Kodagu, Karnataka, South India
- Kota: Tamil Nadu, South India
- Kuruba: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, South India
- Ladakhi: Jammu and Kashmir, North India
- Mishmi people: Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India
- Mizo people: Mizoram, North-East India
- Naga: Nagaland, North-East India
- Nocte: Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India
- Raute: Nepal, North India
- Tharu: Nepal, East India
- Toda: Tamil Nadu, South India
- Tripuri (Borok): Tripura, North-East India
- Giraavaru people: Maldives
- Kalasha of Chitral: Ancient pre-Muslim ethnic minority in Chitral District, Northern Pakistan
- Marma people: Bangladesh
- Vedda people (Wanniyala-Aetto): Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia[edit]
Southeast Asia generally includes the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.
- Akha a.k.a Aini or Aini-Akha: One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Laos, Burma and China's Yunnan Province
- Degar: of Vietnam
- Hmong: subgroups of Thailand, Burma, Laos, Vietnam and a Chinese minority
- Karen: an alliance of hill tribes of Burma and Thailand
- Khmuic groups:
- Lahu: One of the hill tribes of Thailand, Burma, Laos and Yunnan.
- Lisu: One of the hill tribes of Burma, Thailand, Arunachal Pradesh, India & Yunnan and Sichuan, China
- Negrito:
- Mani: Far Southern Thailand
- Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia:
- Tai/Dai: including Tai Lu, Tai Dam, Tai Nüa, Khün, Phu Thai, in China, Vietnam, Burma, Laos and Thailand
- Yi: in Southern China
- Wa people: One of the hill tribes of Burma and China's Yunnan Province
- Bajau: Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines)
- Dayak of Borneo, Indonesia
- Igorot: Cordillera mountains in Luzon in the Philippines
- Lumad: Mindanao in the Philippines
- Mangyan: Mindoro in the Philippines
- Negrito:
- Aeta: Luzon, Philippines
- Andamanese, in the Andaman Islands, which include:
- Great Andamanese: formerly at least 10 distinct groups living throughout Great Andaman, now confined to a single community on Strait Island, Andaman Is.
- Jangil (Rutland Jarawa): now extinct, formerly of Rutland Island, Andamans
- Jarawa: South Andaman and Middle Andaman
- Onge: Little Andaman
- Sentinelese: North Sentinel Island, Andaman Islands
- Ati: Panay, Philippines
- Nicobarese people (Holchu): Nicobar Islands, India
- Penan: Sarawak, Malaysia
- Pribumi (Native Indonesians): of Indonesia
- Tribes of Palawan: Palawan, Philippines
Western Asia/Southwest Asia[edit]
Western Asia or Southwest Asia (also known as the Middle East) includes the region of the Levant, the Dead Sea Transform, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor (Anatolia), the Caucasus region, the Iranian Plateau and the Arabian Peninsula.
- Assyrians: Neo-Aramaic speaking people who are indigenous to northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey and northwest of Iran (which were all part of Assyria). They are also found in Syria and Armenia.[4]
- Marsh Dwellers (Ma'dan): Arabic-speaking group in the Tigris-Euphrates marshlands of southern Iraq / Iranian border[5]
- Samaritans: An ethno-religious group of the Levant, closely related genetically and culturally to the Jewish diaspora and are understood to have branched off from the latter around the time of the Assyrian exile. Religiously, the Samaritans are adherents of Samaritanism, an Abrahamic religion closely related to Judaism. Their sole norm of religious observance is the Pentateuch.[6][7]
Europe/Western Eurasia[edit]
Europe generally refers to the mass of the Eurasian peninsula westwards of the Ural Mountains, the islands of the northern area of the Mediterranean Sea and East North Atlantic Ocean.
- Andalusians: Southern part of Spain
- Basques: Northern Spain and Southern France
- Bretons: Northwestern part of France
- Cornish people: Southwestern part of the United Kingdom
- Crimean Karaites: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
- Crimean Tatars: Crimean Peninsula in Southern Ukraine
- Galicians: Northwestern part of Spain
- Icelanders: Iceland
- Izhorians: Northwest of Russia
- Komi: Komi Republic in Northeast of European Russia
- Manx people: Northwestern part of Great Britain
- Mordvins: of the western Ural Mountains in Russia
- Nenets: Northeastern part of European Russia
- Occitans: Southern part of France
- Sami: Northern and central Norway, Sweden, Finland and Kola peninsula in the Northwest of Russia
- Udmurts: Udmurt Republic in Northeast of European Russia
- Veps: Republic of Karelia, Northwest of Russia
Oceania includes most islands of the Pacific Ocean, New Guinea and the continent of Australia.
Australia includes the continental landmass, and associated islands.
Melanesia generally includes New Guinea and other (far-)western Pacific islands from the Arafura Sea out to Fiji. The region is mostly inhabited by the Melanesian peoples.
- Fijian: Fiji
- Kanak[disambiguation needed]: New-Caledonia
- Malaitan people: Malaita, Solomon Islands
- Ni-Vanuatu: Vanuatu
- Papuans: more than 250 distinct tribes or clans, each with their own language and culture. The main island of New Guinea and surrounding islands (territory forming independent state of Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian provinces of West Papua and Papua Considered "Indigenous" these people are a subject to many debates.
- Dani: Papua, Indonesia
- Hewa: Southern Highlands, PNG
- Kaluli: Great Papuan Plateau, PNG
- Wopkaimin: western PNG, Star Mountains.
Micronesia generally includes the various small island chains of the western and central Pacific. The region is mostly inhabited by the Micronesian[disambiguation needed] peoples.
- Chamorros: Northern Marianas
- Chuukese: Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia
- Kiribatese: Kiribati islands and elsewhere, Republic of Kiribati
- Kosraean: Island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia
- Marshallese: Marshall Islands, Republic of the Marshall Islands
- Nauruan: Island of Nauru, Republic of Nauru
- Pohnpeian: Island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
- Trukic and Ponapeic islanders: Federated States of Micronesia
- Yapese: Island of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
Polynesia generally includes New Zealand and the islands of the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The region is mostly inhabited by the Polynesian peoples.
- Austral Islanders: Austral Islands
- Cook Islands Māori: Cook Islands
- Kanaka Maoli: Hawai'i
- Mangareva: Gambier Islands
- Maohi: Tahiti
- Māori: New Zealand Aotearoa
- Marquesas Islanders: Marquesas Islands
- Moriori: Chatham Islands
- Rapanui: Easter Island
- Tuamotu: Tuamotu Archipelago
- Futuna: Wallis and Futuna
- Niuean: Niue
- Samoan: Samoa, American Samoa
- Tokelauan: Tokelau
- Tongan: Tonga
- Tuvaluan: Tuvalu
- Uvea: Wallis and Futuna
Polynesian outliers: Peoples of Polynesian ancestry that dwell outside Polynesia (mainly in Melanesia, some in Micronesia, but have strong ethnic, linguistic and cultural links with Polynesia)
- Aniwa: Vanuatu
- Anuta: Solomon Islands
- Bellona[disambiguation needed]: Solomon Islands
- Emae: Vanuatu
- Fagauvea: Ouvéa, (New Caledonia)
- Futuna: Vanuatu
- Kapingamarangi: Federated States of Micronesia
- Makata: Vanuatu
- Mele (Erakoro, Eratapu): Vanuatu
- Nuguria: Papua New Guinea
- Nukumanu: Papua New Guinea
- Nukuoro: Federated States of Micronesia
- Ontong Java: Solomon Islands
- Rennel: Solomon Islands
- Sikaiana: Solomon Islands
- Takuu: Papua New Guinea
- Tikopia: Solomon Islands
- Vaeakau-Taumako: Solomon Islands
Western Hemisphere[edit]
Western Hemisphere, from a Physical Geography point of view, comprises the Americas, the continents of North America, South America, and associated islands.
The Americas is the continent (or super-continent) comprising North and South America, and associated islands.
North America[edit]
North America includes all of the (sub-)continent and islands east of the Bering Strait and north of the Isthmus of Panama; it includes Greenland, Canada, United States, Mexico, Central American and Caribbean countries. However a distinction can be made between a broader North America and a narrower Northern America due to ethnic and cultural characteristics.
Northern America[edit]
Northern America generally includes Canada, the United States and Greenland.
- Alaska Natives
- Indigenous peoples of California
- Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
- Plains Indians
- Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
- Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
- Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
- Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands
- Indigenous peoples of the American southwest
- Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic
- North American Arctic: Aleut, Kalaallit/Inuit, Iñupiat, Métis, Yup'ik
Middle America[edit]
Middle America generally includes the countries of the Caribbean, Central America and Mexico.
The Caribbean[edit]
The Caribbean, or West Indies, generally includes the island chains of the Caribbean.
- Carib/Kalinago (Island Caribs): Lesser Antilles. Often called "Island Caribs" (but may have been an older arawak people with a carib conquering warrior elite or influenced by Mainland Caribs. Apparently, the majority of the people spoke an arawakan language and not a carib one.)
- Eyeri/Igneri: Lesser Antilles. An Arawak people, may have been the Kalinago/Island Caribs before caribbeanization. (The Island Caribs had the tradition that the Igneri were the older people of Lesser Antilles but they could have been ancestors of the majority of Island Caribs)
- Galibi/Kalina (Mainland Caribs): Guianas, Venezuela (northern coast of South America)
- Taíno: Amerindians who inhabited the Caribbean island of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, of Arawakan descent.
- Neo-Taíno nations Some scholars distinguish between the Taíno and Neo-Taíno groups. Neo-Taíno groups were also Amerindians of the Antilles islands, but had distinctive languages and cultural practices that differed from the High Taíno.[8] These groups include:
- Ciboney: a term preferred in Cuban historical texts for the neo-Taino-Siboney nations of the island of Cuba.
- Ciguayo: Eastern Hispaniola.
- Guanahatabey: Far Western Cuba, at the Guanahacabibes Peninsula.
- Lucayans: Based in Cuba and the Bahamas.
- Macorix: Hispaniola.
Central America[edit]
Central America generally includes the countries of the isthmus connecting North and South Americas: Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. It can be included in the broader region of Middle America or the Mesoamerica.
- Achi': Mayan people of Guatemala
- Bokota: Panama
- Bribri: Costa Rica
- Garífuna: Belize and Honduras
- Chorotega: Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica
- Ch'orti': Mayan people of El Salvador
- Chuj: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Emberá: Panama
- Guaymi: Panama
- Itza: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Ixil: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Jakaltek: Mayan people of Guatemala – also called Poptí
- Tolupan: Honduras
- Kaqchikel: Mayan people of Guatemala
- K'iche': Mayan people of Guatemala
- Kuna: Panama
- Lenca: Honduras and El Salvador
- Maleku: Costa Rica
- Mam: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Miskito: Honduras and Nicaragua
- Mopan: Mayan people of Guatemala and Belize
- Naso: Panama
- Ngöbe–Buglé: Panama
- Pech: Honduras
- Poqomchi': Mayan people of Guatemala
- Poqomam: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Q'anjob'al: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Q'eqchi': Mayan people of Guatemala
- Rama: Nicaragua
- Sumo: Nicaragua
- Tojolabal: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Tz'utujil: Mayan people of Guatemala
- Xinca: Guatemala
Mexico is a country of the North American continent (more specifically it can be included in the Middle America, or the Mesoamerica, due to ethnic and cultural characterics).
- Amuzgo: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Chocho: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Cocopa: Baja California, Mexico
- Guarijío: Sonora, Mexico
- Kikapú: Coahuila, Mexico
- Paipai: Baja California, Mexico
- Tepehuán: Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico
- Chontal de Oaxaca: Tequistlatecan people of Oaxaca, Mexico
- Chatino: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Chichimeca Jonaz: San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Chinantec: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Ch'ol: Mayan language of Chiapas, Mexico
- Chontal Maya: Mayan language of Tabasco, Mexico
- Cochimí: Baja California, Mexico
- Cora: Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico
- Cuicatec:Oaxaca, Mexico
- Huastec: San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Huave: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Huichol: Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico
- Ixcatec: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Kiliwa: Baja California, Mexico
- Kumeyaay: Baja California, Mexico
- Lacandón: Chiapas, Mexico
- Matlatzinca: Mexico (state), Mexico
- Mayo: Sonora, Mexico
- Mazahua: Mexico (state), Mexico
- Mazatec: Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico
- Mexicanero: Durango, Mexico
- Mixe: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Mixtec: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Nahua: Mexico
- Pame: San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Pima Bajo: Chihuahua, Mexico
- Popoloca: Oaxaca, and Puebla, Mexico
- P'urhépecha: Michoacán, Mexico
- Seri: Sonora, Mexico
- Tarahumara: Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico
- Tlapanec (Me'phaa): Guerrero, Mexico
- Totonac: Veracruz and Puebla, Mexico
- Trique: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Tzeltal: Chiapas, Mexico
- Tzotzil: Chiapas, Mexico
- Yaqui: Sonora, Mexico
- Yucatec Maya: Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Campeche Mexico
- Zapotec: Oaxaca, Mexico
- Zoque: Oaxaca and Chiapas Mexico
South America[edit]
South America generally includes all of the (sub-)continent and islands south of the Isthmus of Panama.
- Ache: Paraguay
- Asháninka: Peru
- Awá-Guajá: eastern Amazonian rainforest, Brazil
- Awá-Kwaiker: Northern Ecuador
- Aymara: Peru/Bolivia/Chile
- Ayoreo: the Chaco, Paraguay/Bolivia
- Bora: Colombia/Peru
- Bororo: Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Charrúa: Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina
- Chayahuita: Loreto, Peru
- Cocama-Cocamilla: Loreto, Peru
- Conibo: Ucayali, Peru
- Embera: Colombia/Panamá
- Enxet: Paraguay
- Jivaroan: Loreto and San Martín, Peru
- Guaraní: Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina
- Karajá: Brazil
- Korubu: Brazil
- Kuna: Panama
- Makuxi: Brazil/Guyana
- Mapuche: Chile/Argentina
- Matis: Brazil/Peru
- Matsés: Brazil/Peru
- Nukak: Colombia
- Nasa: Colombia
- Secoya: Loreto, Peru/Ecuador
- Shipibo: Ucayali, Peru*
- Tapirape: Brazil
- Ticuna: Brazil/Peru/Colombia
- Tukano: Colombia
- Tupi: Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina
- Urarina: Chambira Basin, Loreto Peru
- U'wa: Colombia
- Yora: Amazon rainforest, southeast Peru
- Wichí: the Chaco, Argentina/Bolivia
- Warao: of Venezuela's Orinoco River delta region.
- Wayuu Venezuela/Colombia
- YanomamiVenezuela/Brazil
Transcontinental Regions[edit]
Transcontinental regions could be defined as regions that are in different continents but have one or more common characteristics (climatic, watered by the same ocean or sea, ethnic, cultural, etc.)
Circumpolar North[edit]
The Circumpolar North includes the lands surrounding the Arctic Circle in the continents of Eurasia (Asia and Europe) and North America.
- Chukchi: Siberia, Russia
- Evenks: China, Mongolia, Russia
- Inuit: Greenland, Northern Canada (Nunavut and Northwest Territories), Alaska
- Inupiat: Alaska's Arctic and North Slope boroughs and the Bering Straits
- Koryaks: Russian Far East
- Northern Samoyedic peoples: West Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
- Enets: Far Northern Western Siberia, Russia
- Nenets: Far Northern Western Siberia and Far Northern European Russia
- Nganasan: Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia
- Sami: Northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Kola peninsula in Russia
- Ugric peoples: Yugra, Western Siberia, Russia
- Yukaghirs: Far Northern East Siberia, Russia
- Yupik: Alaska and the Russian Far East
See also[edit]
- List of ethnic groups
- Lists of people by nationality
- Tribe
- Nomad
- Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indigenous people. |
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
Look up Indigenous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Center for World Indigenous Studies
- Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
- Definitions and identity of indigenous peoples
- Indigenous archaeology
- Indigenous Dialogues
- Indigenous (ecology)
- Indigenous intellectual property
- Indigenous knowledge
- Indigenous language
- Indigenous medicine
- Indigenous music
- International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
- United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
- World Council of Indigenous Peoples
- Working Group on Indigenous Populations
- See all pages that start with indigenous people or indigenous
- ^ Sanders, Douglas (1999). "Indigenous peoples: Issues of definition". International Journal of Cultural Property 8 (1): 4–13. doi:10.1017/S0940739199770591.
- ^ Ritzer, G., and Ryan, M.J., eds., The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology, Wiley, 2011, p.313
- ^ Alia, V., Names and Nunavut: Culture and Identity in Arctic Canada, Berghahn Books, 2008, p.143
- ^ Unrepresented Nations and People Organization | UNPO, Assyrians the Indigenous People of Iraq [1]
- ^ Sawahla & Dloomy (2007, pp. 425–433)
- ^ The UN Refugee Agency | UNHCR, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples [2]
- ^ Department of Evolutionary Biology at University of Tartu Estonian Biocentre | Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other Israeli Populations From Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation, Molecular Anthropology Group [3]
- ^ Rouse (1992)
- Kipuri, Naomi (2007), "Kenya", in Sille Stidsen (compilation and ed.), The Indigenous World 2007 (PDF online edition), International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs yearbooks (ISSN 1024-0217), Marianne Wiben Jensen (Horn of Africa and East Africa regional ed.), Copenhagen: IWGIA, distributed by Transaction Publishers, pp. 468–476, ISBN 978-87-91563-23-2, OCLC 30981676
- Minority Rights Group International (1997), World Directory of Minorities, London, UK: Minority Rights Group International, ISBN 978-1-873194-36-2
- Rouse, Irving (1992), The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People who greeted Columbus, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-05181-6, OCLC 24469325


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Rag & Bone jacket; Isabel Marant top; IRO shirt (underneath); 7 For All Mankind jeans. Guess jacket; Joie top; Isabel Marant shorts; Kismet by Milka necklace; Aesa bangle; (left hand, from top left) Jacquie Aiche ring, WWake ring, Meredith Marks Designs ring. Beauty note: Wispy strands look ruffled in the best way with Bumble and bumble City Swept Finish.
Photography by Lachlan BaileyStyled by Felicia Garcia-Rivera

subset: commoncrawl


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Lady Gaga wowed the audience at Radio City last night during the first of her four scheduled performances in New York. "This, New York, is my first of four dates with you. So tonight I might not go all the way," Gaga joked.
NYC Fans Go Gaga for Lady
Updated at 2:16 PM EST on Thursday, Jan 21, 2010


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By Emily Robinson in Music on Jul 10, 2014
Need to update your summer playlist? Just look to Got A Girl's "There's a Revolution" - no, but really. It sounds like the song for a "summer montage" in a film where everyone would be licking pink lollipops on the beach and batting around rainbow beach balls.
Their soundtrack vibe may be due to the fact that the duo met while filming Scott Pilgrim vs. The World. Mary Elizabeth Winstead (aka THE Ramona Flowers) met Dan "The Automator" Nakamura, who wrote original songs for the film.
They shared a passion for "60s French pop" and "lush arrangements", which totally shows in the track and definitely makes good for some ridiculous dancing around (which I may or may not have done last night while listening to it.)
It's to be determined if their take on old school gender roles is super serious, because a few of their promos and music videos suggest otherwise:
Listen to the track on Soundcloud and get ready for their debut LP, I Love You But I Must Drive Off This Cliff Now. While you're at it, check out their website - they have an array of French-inspired, James Bond-y videos and products as well (which may or may not be a joke - jury's still out on that one). Until then, summer jam on with this track and share your thoughts in the comments below!
Images via Got a Girl and Spin
Tagged in: scott pilgrim vs. the world, New Music, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Got A Girl
The opinions expressed on the BUST blog are those of the authors themselves and do not necessarily reflect the position of BUST Magazine or its staff.


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Contemporary Authors New Revision: A Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Current Writers in Fiction, General Nonfiction, Poetry, Journalism, Drama, Motion Pictures, Television, and Other Fields - Contemporary Authors New Revision 121 (Hardback)
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In response to the escalating need for up-to-date information on writers, Contemporary Authors(r) New Revision Series brings researchers the most recent data on the world's most-popular authors. These exciting and unique author profiles are essential to your holdings because sketches are entirely revised and up-to-date, and completely replace the original Contemporary Authors(r) entries. For your convenience, a soft-cover cumulative index is sent biannually
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Italian carmaker Fiat, which has agreed to take full control of Chrysler, has asked the Bank of Italy's permission to turn financing unit, Fga Capital, into a bank to cut funding costs, Reuters has reported, citing a source with direct knowledge of the situation. Securing a banking licence would make Fiat more competitive against rival car makers such as Volkswagen and Peugeot, which already have their own internal banks and were able to access cheap loans offered by the European Central Bank (ECB) during the euro zone crisis, the source said. Fiat has high funding costs given its 'junk' credit rating and is looking for solutions to cut costs and thus improve margins.
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Hi razorseal!!
I already cleaned sometime the bottom of a boat and it is a hard work. If the length of your boat is bigger than ten meters I don''t recommend you unless you dive with an aqualung or you have a very big lungs.
To clean the bottom, the best is water at full pressure although if you have time you can also use a spatula taking care of the paint.
The best solution it''s to take off the boat from the water, to clean it on land and to paint the bottom with a special paint to avoid seaweed because if you don''t do that, you will have to dive for cleaning every months.
Another good solution: don''t clean it and wait until mussels have a good size to eat them.
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Dear Sirs,
Thanks God The Economist has taken up this subject, now the "197 USD Chinese worker" will replace, for a while, the legend of 60USD a month hard working exploited Chinese labour.
197 is an average, because I wonder who would work today in Shanghai, BeiJing, Shenzhen... today for less than 2500 yuan? (360 USD) ant this amount is growing by the day.
If we take into account Purchasing Power, those 2500 yuan are worth around 500USD.
And Americans, Japanese and Koreans would be happy to enjoy:
two weeks leave at Chinese New Year
one week at May holidays,
one week at October Holidays,
Dragon boat Holiday Festival,
plus, plus...
On the other side the Yuan has only a place to go:UP.
Everybody will be surprised at how fast everything will change and we, in the west, will be toiling to cater to Chinese tourists or to produce goods to be exported to China.
Like I use to tell my Italian friends: The day the Chinese get the taste for a good Italian prosciuto, there will not be pigs enough in Italy to produce the quantity of prosciuto demanded in China.
Ni hao!! to the new Chinese worker class, you and your yuans are welcome everywhere in the world!!!
Joaquin Gutierrez (Hua Qing)
In reality the MNCs are plundering China. China does not have its own strong companies. Its a joint venture model. The foreign companies are not transfering technology either. This existing model only benefits the western consumers an the chinese workers are not getting what they deserve. It is time for China to drive all these western companies away and establish own companies. China does not need America's market. China itself is one sixth of the world population. the 1.3 billion consumers. Its a big market initself. how big the chinese are looking for? I dont know. In the market of 1.3 billion people, if you are the best, you are the best in the world. Domestic industry should be highly competittive and there shoould be many homwgrown industries. But i dont understnd why the Chinese government is allowing foreign companies to plunder china. The foreigners will never be grateful to china no matter what chna gives to them. They are determined to conspire agaisnt the chinese nation, but not against the ccp.
"wait for it! Chinese-Astroturfers, set, go!"
~ That's funny because in a few hours this board will probably be lighting up. SilentChinese, where you at!!! :^D
wait for it! Chinese-Astroturfers, set, go!
I was talking with a Chinese friend who's just moved into a new home and is deciding what to buy for the shower heating thing. In the US, you 've got that big water boiler at the basement to supply hot water, so practically whenever you turned on your faucet, hot water comes. In China (in europe, too, I think), they buy those little backpack size, metal water boiler, and you need to turn it on, then get hot water.
As with an mp3 player, you talk about GB, USB or firewire, these things, you talk about how fast it heats up and how compact and energy efficient, My friend really really wanted a European one, it's very small and thin, it has that energy star equivlent thing, and it really boils fast. So you don't have to wait like 10 minutes. But he can't afford it, it's 2500 as oppose to the good old domestic brand which cost 1100.
Of course they don't hate foreign brands, j*** c**, they love nike shoes, LV bags, sony ericsson phones but they just don't have the dough. So yeah, if they can live with 1390 yuan a month and suddenly you give them another 500, they really will give themselve a treat. Thanks Economist, for mentioning that they really aren't those hard-working, non-complaining, good-hearted worker stereotypes.
Up their wages, and very most certainly a lot of it will go towards that dream ______.
I'm surprised that the Economist hasn't picked up on the greater context of this movement - China's growing wealth imbalance. No, this is not just a movement condoned by the state because it is putting pressure on foreign manufacturers. It is a movement with deep-seated roots in Chinese society's structural problems. Ironic that the nominally "Marxist-Leninist" "Communist" Party has created exactly the type of society that they are supposed to overthrow, owing to economic reforms began in 1978.
The rich now own pretty much everything. They can buy a house, drive luxury cars, send their kids abroad for education; they can bribe officials when something goes awry. The poor have nothing. They can hardly pay their rent and buy their monthly share of instant nooodles. When a family member is sick, their life savings are depleted overnight. When their legal rights are infringed upon, they line up for hours in a provincial capital or in Beijing to have their case thrown out a window by a plump 50-something official sipping tea and smoking a cigarette.
Indeed, you can say Deng Xiaoping had some kind of audacity with Chinese characteristics when he decided to bring a deluded Maoist country to a place where "some must get rich first" and "black or white cat is good as long as it catches mice".
The real reason the current administration has condoned such a labour movement is because China's wealth imbalance is about to reach uncontrollable levels. If something isn't done about it soon, the country, and thus the party, will no longer be sustainable. Thus the Chinese leadership has had a paradigm shift (with a hint of irony) - riled up workers were once seen as agents against the party's monopoly on power, now they are crucial to the party's survival. In terms of overall social structure, I compare present-day China to the era of labour rights movements in Britain, a mere several decades after the Industrial Revolution.
The Communist Party tries to do everything at once. Advance technologically, build infrasctructure, keep the rich happy but also not anger the vast majority of citizens - farmers, migrant workers, the urban white-collar underclass, all the while trying to introduce rule of law, contain epidemics, respond to disasters. After seeing the last decade unfold under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, I can't say that they're doing a bad job.
"Simultaneously the technology exists to automate pretty much everything but the individuals smart enough to do so are also smart enough not to do so."
~I should add unless the prisoner's dilemma kicks in. Then we're stupid enough to shoot our feet.
"That green technology has been labeled to expensive as we simultaneously devalue our monetary system seems somewhat illogical."
~I should also add: "Danger Will Robinson Danger!!! and Does not compute, Does not compute!!!" *said in the classic robot voice.
Cheers! :^D
"On the other hand, American wages are too high not just to compete with China, but also the rest of the world."
~Net average but not individually. That skewed bell curve has Captain Ahab walking sideways. Wages for the lowest paid in any locality must cover the costs of the basics which less and less do.
The best way to get a junky of his dependency is to take away the crutch. Saudi Arabia running out of oil therefore, has its benefits.
Agreeing w. what Zambino said the technology exists to allow green consumption but it has been labeled cost prohibitive. Simultaneously the technology exists to automate pretty much everything but the individuals smart enough to do so are also smart enough not to do so. The positive to automation would be increased efficiency/lower costs of everything. The negative to automation is that the current societal construct can't support this automation (ie automater shooting own foot).
That green technology has been labeled to expensive as we simultaneously devalue our monetary system seems somewhat illogical.(warming hands w. hundreds)
There have been some great comments on this topic I must say. I would like to add that Americans are have been deluding themselves since the tie of President Reagan. Real wages have been stagnant for the middle class but not the number of billionaries in the country (450 I believe). Americans cannot demand higher wages either because that would take away desperately needed profits from their financial troubled corporations and businesses or cause the government to tax them more which would have the same net effect: no rise in real income.
Insightful article on Chinese workers!
Good job Economist
The advances in sensors, actuators and artificial intelligence driven by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan is going to bring about an automation revolution, primarily in light manufacturing or the type of labor in this article. Unlike previous productivity revolutions which simply opened up new jobs for unskilled or semi-skilled labor, the robot revolution will keep them permanently unemployed. That is the 10-20 year problem for the developing world. But goods will be cheap.
197 dollars a month - better than what a great number of long term unemployed Americans are making now
It seems the Chinese workers are smarter: they didn't zealously chanting "we are freedom!" while passively waiting for the elusive "trickle-down".
Labor power comes from awareness.
The more awareness, the greater power.
Most aware is the essence of the mind, absolute peace of mind.
Labor without peace of mind are powerless.
doesn't anyone else see the irony of a piece on rising worker pay, in what is already a 'worker's paradise?'
What about the factor of Chinese labor in other nations? I've been traveling to Israel for a few years and as tough as the economy is in Israel each year I've seen Chinese workers. Today I saw some Chinese putting in a tile floor. If Chinese make $197 a month in China how much can they make a month in Israel and other nations?
On a much more serious note, at least for another decade or so it is useless to compare China with the USA or Germany. China is still an underdeveloped country in many respects and any indication that its levels of investment should be brought down to the levels of Germany or even the US is absolutely misguided.
Even from the environmental point of view it should be clear that a reduction of investment would simply mean that the implementation of newer, cleaner technology would be delayed further.
Also, the statement that the problem of low Chinese wages is that they unfairly compete with German and American exporters, is at least misleading. First of all, Germany faces the same problem - real wages and thus consumption are very low. There is a lot of room for wage rises in Germany before the trade balance would be in any "danger" of being balanced. (Which is supposedly one of the goals of German economic policies - or so they say in lectures on macroeconomics there.)
On the other hand, American wages are too high not just to compete with China, but also the rest of the world. Americans are deluding themselves about a reality that means that they face some exceptionally tough decisions. Their balance of payments is out of whack by something on the order of at least half a trillion dollar per year. And putting the blame on China just won't do.
The US has a military budget roughly on par with the rest of the world combined! (Yes, that is excessive.) At the same time, consumption was artificially kept up despite stagnant wages. But in order to balance its trade deficit, those wages would have to fall *much* lower to give American exporters a chance - which would imply a fall in consumption and looking at the way things are in the USA, it won't expect those with the highest incomes take up the lions share.
The other possibility would be to devalue the dollar, which would have strong repercussions on American creditworthiness and especially the dollar-price of its excessive oil imports.
Oh well. China is on the right way ... I'd like to say that about the USA or Germany.
The so-called industrialized nations have already converted into service-based economies and are, for the time being, more sheltered from the effects of the tsunami of products manufactured in China. In the long run, emerging economies will be hit the hardest by China's ruthless, state-sponsored dumping of goods. The shoe industry in Brazil has been virtually wiped out, the only exception being the larger ones, which ... migrated to China. Soon enough the wave will be upon you, wherever you are.
Some of the statements in this article are just ridiculous in the way they are stated and the little they mean in practice.
So, trade with China has put $1000 per year in US-Americans pockets. Well, at a population of 300 million, that just so happens to be equal to the amount of money that the rise in defence spending since 2000 has put out of their pockets. (Excluding the cost of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq!)
Or how about: A 20% rise in Chinese demand would create 200.000 jobs in the USA. Great news, folks! A mere 800% rise in Chinese demand could recreate the 8 million jobs that the USA lost in the last 3 years.
(Without accounting for the fact that population has risen in the meantime and the economy should in fact have created another million jobs or two during that time just to keep unemployment levels constant.)
The changing economic landscape in China will impact everything from the prices of our imported goods, to the health of the rainforest in Brazil as they cut down trees to grow soybeans to feed chickens to feed the growing Chinese middle class. One can only hope that the government will have the foresight to encourage eco-friendly technologies as they seem to be starting to do: http://www.newslook.com/videos/219403-demanding-workforce-changing-china...
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Hi we have wild raspberry or blackberry bushes. By boyfriend burns every spring and winter, although I have not allowed it the past two years. Still, they will not flower or fruit. I think, should I just mow them down, should I rip them out by the roots and start over? All of the wild ones along the roadsides do great. Should I just go along roadsides to pick my berries or keep trying at home? Thank you. |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by petzold6596 8b (My Page) on Thu, Jan 8, 09 at 17:48
The more sun they get the better. Check the amount of sun light they get (at least 6 hrs.) each day. |
Burning could be your problem. Raspberries and blackberries set fruit on year old wood. A green stem grows the first year, and blossoms form on it the following year. After fruiting, the stem may die. Wild berries are left to their own devices and are never pruned. Examine a wild backberry clump during its flowering season. Tou'll find the viable stem with flowers, and the beginnings of new stems low to the ground plus dead stems. There won't be as many dead stems as one might think since many of these have already broken down. What I suggest you do if you want to tidy up. Remove the dead stems after fruiting and pile for burning. Let the rest alone. Don't remove apparently 'dead' stems in the winter; Its hard to tell dead wood from dormant wood. The dormant wood will green up in spring and become the fruit bearing stems. Both blackberries and raspberries require full sun most of the day. Hike a pasture infested with wild blackberries and note where they do do best. Duplicate these conditions in your cultivated garden. You'll find berries growing along small creeks and drainways, and some distance away from the margins of forested plots. Imagine the shadow line of the trees and take note how deeply inside this shaded perimenter the wild stems grow. This tells you the sun requirements. I have seen blackberries growing with small shrubs and scrub brush, but never within the full shade of a forest. Blackberries will tend toward low ground where there is more moisture during the heat of summer. A wild raspberry clump spreads by forming new plantlets. After the berries have matured, a number of green stems rapidly increase in length and bends to touch their tips to the ground. Left undisturbed, these stems will form new roots at these points of contact and a new cloned plant will start. After a few season of this, the clump will have increased in diamenter into an impenetratable mass filled with old stem loops fastened at both ends to the ground - a home a rabbit could love. |
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