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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Hanford Small Scale Mixing Demonstration Program
Hanford Small Scale Mixing Demonstration Program EM Waste Processing Technical Exchange November 17, 2010 Mike Thien
Normal-Mode Decomposition of Small-Scale Oceanic Motions
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Small-scale oceanic motions consist of vortical motion and internal waves. In a linear or weakly nonlinear system these two types of motions can be unambiguously separated using normal-mode decomposition in which the vortical mode carries the ...
Ren-Chieh Lien; Peter M�ller
Small-scale alcohol fuel production
This is the final report of a project to demonstrate the feasibility of small-scale alcohol fuel production. A list of equipment and costs incurred in contracting the still are included. No experimental results are presented. (DMC)
Evans, J.; McQueary, J.
Definition: Small Scale Wind | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Small scale wind projects are typically defined as projects with capacity ratings of 1 - 100 kW.1 View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Related Terms wind power, wind energy,...
International Workshop on Small Scale Wind Energy for Developing Countries
Scale Wind Energy for Developing Countries Scale Wind Energy for Developing Countries Jump to: navigation, search Name International Workshop on Small Scale Wind Energy for Developing Countries Agency/Company /Organization Risoe DTU Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy, Wind Topics Implementation, Technology characterizations Resource Type Workshop, Training materials, Lessons learned/best practices Website http://www.risoe.dtu.dk/~/medi References International Workshop on Small Scale Wind Energy for Developing Countries[1] Background "The workshop covers the following main themes: Wind energy technologies, their perspectives and applications in developing countries. Reliability of wind turbines, lifetime and strength of wind turbine components. Low cost and natural materials for wind turbines.
Small-Scale Energy Loan Program | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Small-Scale Energy Loan Program Small-Scale Energy Loan Program Small-Scale Energy Loan Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Local Government Nonprofit Residential Rural Electric Cooperative Schools State Government Tribal Government Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Heating Home Weatherization Commercial Weatherization Sealing Your Home Cooling Ventilation Construction Heat Pumps Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Manufacturing Water Heating Windows, Doors, & Skylights Bioenergy Buying & Making Electricity Solar Alternative Fuel Vehicles Water Wind Maximum Rebate None Program Info State Oregon Program Type State Loan Program Rebate Amount Typically $20,000 - $20 million Provider Oregon Department of Energy The Oregon Small-Scale Energy Loan Program (SELP) - created in 1981 after
Georgia Power - Small and Medium Scale Advanced Solar Initiative (GPASI)
Georgia Power - Small and Medium Scale Advanced Solar Initiative Georgia Power - Small and Medium Scale Advanced Solar Initiative (GPASI) (Georgia) Georgia Power - Small and Medium Scale Advanced Solar Initiative (GPASI) (Georgia) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial General Public/Consumer Installer/Contractor Institutional Local Government Multi-Family Residential Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Program Info Start Date 03/01/2013 State Georgia Program Type Other Incentive Provider GPASI Project Manager '''''Note: The application process for the small and medium scale solar programs began on March 1, 2013 and will continue through March 11, 2013. If completed applications exceed program capacity limit of 45 megawatts (MW), a lottery will be conducted, with Georgia Public Service Commission
Georgia Power - Small and Medium Scale Advanced Solar Initiative...
Small and Medium Scale Advanced Solar Initiative (GPASI) (Georgia) Georgia Power - Small and Medium Scale Advanced Solar Initiative (GPASI) (Georgia) Eligibility Agricultural...
NETL: Carbon Storage - Small-Scale Field Tests
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Small-Scale Field Tests Small-Scale Field Tests Carbon Storage Small-Scale Field Tests The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is supporting a number of small-scale field tests (injection of less than 500,000 million metric tons of CO2 per year) to explore various geologic CO2 storage opportunities within the United States and portions of Canada. DOE's small-scale field test efforts are designed to demonstrate that regional reservoirs have the capability to store thousands of years of CO2 emissions and provide the basis for larger volume, commercial-scale CO2 tests. The field studies are focused on developing better understanding 11 major types of geologic storage reservoir classes, each having their own unique opportunities and challenges. Understanding these different storage classes provides insight into how the systems influence fluids flow within these systems today, and how CO2 in geologic storage would be anticipated to flow in the future. The different storage formation classes include: deltaic, coal/shale, fluvial, alluvial, strandplain, turbidite, eolian, lacustrine, clastic shelf, carbonate shallow shelf, and reef. Basaltic interflow zones are also being considered as potential reservoirs. These storage reservoirs contain fluids that may include natural gas, oil, or saline water; any of which may impact CO2 storage differently. The data gathered during these small-scale tests provides valuable information regarding specific formations that have historically not been evaluated for the purpose of CO2 storage. The Carbon Storage Program strategy includes an established set of field test objectives applicable to the small-scale projects:
Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive Program | Department of Energy
Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive Program Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive Program Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Industrial Institutional Local Government Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Tribal Government Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Heating & Cooling Water Heating Wind Water Home Weatherization Swimming Pool Heaters Maximum Rebate Varies depending on technology and eligible sector Program Info Funding Source Current round: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) State Energy Program (SEP) funds Start Date 6/17/2003 (initial funding) Expiration Date 2013 State Vermont Program Type State Rebate Program Rebate Amount Varies depending on technology and eligible sector
Small-Scale Hydroelectric Power Demonstration Project
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The US Department of Energy Field Office, Idaho, Small-Scale Hydroelectric Power Program was initiated in conjunction with the restoration of three power generating plants in Idaho Falls, Idaho, following damage caused by the Teton Dam failure on June 5, 1976. There were many parties interested in this project, including the state and environmental groups, with different concerns. This report was prepared by the developer and describes the design alternatives the applicant provided in an attempt to secure the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission license. Also included are correspondence between the related parties concerning the project, major design alternatives/project plan diagrams, the license, and energy and project economics.
Gleeson, L.
Preliminary Scaling Estimate for Select Small Scale Mixing Demonstration Tests
SciTech Connect
The Hanford Site double-shell tank (DST) system provides the staging location for waste that will be transferred to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Specific WTP acceptance criteria for waste feed delivery describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste that must be met before the waste is transferred from the DSTs to the WTP. One of the more challenging requirements relates to the sampling and characterization of the undissolved solids (UDS) in a waste feed DST because the waste contains solid particles that settle and their concentration and relative proportion can change during the transfer of the waste in individual batches. A key uncertainty in the waste feed delivery system is the potential variation in UDS transferred in individual batches in comparison to an initial sample used for evaluating the acceptance criteria. To address this uncertainty, a number of small-scale mixing tests have been conducted as part of Washington River Protection Solutions� Small Scale Mixing Demonstration (SSMD) project to determine the performance of the DST mixing and sampling systems.
Wells, Beric E.; Fort, James A.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Rector, David R.; Schonewill, Philip P.
Hoopa Valley Small Scale Hydroelectric Feasibility Project
This study considered assessing the feasibility of developing small scale hydro-electric power from seven major tributaries within the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation of Northern California (http://www.hoopa-nsn.gov/). This study pursued the assessment of seven major tributaries of the Reservation that flow into the Trinity River. The feasibility of hydropower on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation has real potential for development and many alternative options for project locations, designs, operations and financing. In order to realize this opportunity further will require at least 2-3 years of intense data collection focusing on stream flow measurements at multiple locations in order to quantify real power potential. This also includes on the ground stream gradient surveys, road access planning and grid connectivity to PG&E for sale of electricity. Imperative to this effort is the need for negotiations between the Hoopa Tribal Council and PG&E to take place in order to finalize the power rate the Tribe will receive through any wholesale agreement that utilizes the alternative energy generated on the Reservation.
Curtis Miller
Small-scale irradiated fuel electrorefining
In support of the metallic fuel cycle development for the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR), a small scale electrorefiner was built and operated in the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) at Argonne National Laboratory-West. The initial purpose of this apparatus was to test the single segment dissolution of irradiated metallic fuel via either direct dissolution in cadmium or anodic dissolution. These tests showed that 99.95% of the uranium and 99.99% of the plutonium was dissolved and separated from the fuel cladding material. The fate of various fission products was also measured. After the dissolution experiments, the apparatus was upgraded to stady fission product behavior during uranium electrotransport. Preliminary decontamination factors were estimated for different fission products under different processing conditions. Later modifications have added the following capabilities: Dissolution of multiple fuel segments simultaneously, electrotransport to a solid cathode or liquid cathode and actinide recovery with a chemical reduction crucible. These capabilities have been tested with unirradiated uranium-zirconium fuel and will support the Fuel Cycle Demonstration program.
Benedict, R.W.; Krsul, J.R.; Mariani, R.D.; Park, K.; Teske, G.M.
Natural Gas Liquefaction Process for Small-scale LNG Project
In the field of natural gas liquefaction, the small-scale natural gas liquefier has been attracting more and more attentions home and abroad, thanks to its small volume, mobile transportation, easy start-up and shut-down, as well as skid-mounted package. ... Keywords: Natural gas, Small-scale, LNG, Liquefaction process
Cao Wensheng
Small-scale AFBC hot air gas turbine power cycle
The Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER), the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), the Will-Burt Company (W-B) and the US Department of Energy (DOE) have successfully developed and completed pilot plant tests on a small scale atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) system. This system can be used to generate electricity, and/or hot water, steam. Following successful pilot plant operation, commercial demonstration will take place at Cedar Lane Farms (CLF), near Wooster, Ohio. The system demonstration will be completed by the end of 1995. The project is being funded through a cooperative effort between the DOE, EER, W-B, OARDC, CLF and the Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO). The small scale AFBC, has no internal heat transfer surfaces in the fluid bed proper. Combining the combustor with a hot air gas turbine (HAGT) for electrical power generation, can give a relatively high overall system thermal efficiency. Using a novel method of recovering waste heat from the gas turbine, a gross heat rate of 13,500 Btu/kWhr ({approximately}25% efficiency) can be achieved for a small 1.5 MW{sub e} plant. A low technology industrial recuperation type gas turbine is used that operates with an inlet blade temperature of 1,450 F and a compression ratio of 3.9:1. The AFBC-HAGT technology can be used to generate power for remote rural communities to replace diesel generators, or can be used for small industrial co-generation applications.
Ashworth, R.A. [Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Orrville, OH (United States); Keener, H.M. [Ohio State Univ., Wooster, OH (United States). Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Hall, A.W. [USDOE Morgantown Energy Technology Center, WV (United States)
NETL: Carbon Storage - Upcoming Small-Scale Field Projects
Response Staff Bios CONTACT NETL Visiting NETL People Search Go to US DOE Carbon Storage Upcoming Small-Scale Field Projects Injection well with monitoring equipment at...
Small-Scale Reactor for the Production of Medical Isotopes
Small-Scale Reactor for the Production of Medical Isotopes IP Home; Search/Browse Technology ... Drawing upon proven technology with minimal research effort required;
Scaling considerations for small aircraft engines
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Small aircraft engines traditionally have poorer performance compared to larger engines, which until recently, has been a factor that outweighed the aerodynamic benefits of commoditized and distributed propulsion. Improvements ...
Chan, Nicholas Y. S
Local, sustainable, small-scale cellular networks
Over five billion people are active cellular subscribers, spending over a trillion dollars a year on communications. Despite this, hundreds of millions of people are still not connected. Implicit in these networks is a top-down design, with large nation-scale ... Keywords: information and communications technology for development, legal factors
Kurtis Heimerl, Shaddi Hasan, Kashif Ali, Eric Brewer, Tapan Parikh
Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen Case
Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen Case Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen Case Study) (Webinar) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen Case Study) (Webinar) Focus Area: Solar Topics: Market Analysis Website: www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-introduction-small-scale-photovoltaic- Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/introduction-small-scale-photovoltaic Language: English Policies: Deployment Programs DeploymentPrograms: Project Development This video teaches the viewer about photovoltaic arrays and RETscreen's photovoltaic module, which can be used to project the cost and production of an array. An example case study was
Small-Scale Variability in Warm Continental Cumulus Clouds
We have analyzed small-scale fluctuations in microphysical, dynamical and thermodynamical parameters measured in two warm cumulus clouds during the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE) project (1981) in light of predictions of ...
P. H. Austin; M. B. Baker; A. M. Blyth; J. B. Jensen
The Triggering of Orographic Rainbands by Small-Scale Topography
The triggering of convective orographic rainbands by small-scale topographic features is investigated through observations of a banded precipitation event over the Oregon Coastal Range and simulations using a cloud-resolving numerical model. A ...
Daniel J. Kirshbaum; George H. Bryan; Richard Rotunno; Dale R. Durran
Stirring by Small-Scale Vortices Caused by Patchy Mixing
Evidence is presented that lateral dispersion on scales of 1�10 km in the stratified waters of the continental shelf may be significantly enhanced by stirring by small-scale geostrophic motions caused by patches of mixed fluid adjusting in the ...
Miles A. Sundermeyer; James R. Ledwell; Neil S. Oakey; Blair J. W. Greenan
Fundamental economic issues in the development of small scale hydro
Some basic economic issues involved in the development of small-scale hydroelectric power are addressed. The discussion represents an economist's view of the investment process in this resource. Very little investment has been made in small-scale hydro development and an attempt is made to show that the reason for this may not be that the expected present worth of the returns of the project do not exceed the construction cost by a sufficient amount. Rather, a set of factors in combination impose costs on the project not normally incurred in small businesses. The discussion covers costs, supply, demand, and profitability.
Not Available
Design and fabrication issues for small-scale SMES
Coil-scaling and structural-force calculations for small-scale solenoidal and toroidal superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems are presented. The efficiency of the refrigeration system is estimated as a function of mechanical support, insulation, and power-lead thermal losses. Required high-temperature superconductor (HTS) properties are compared to properties of presently available materials or those expected to evolve in the near term. Potential applications are described for small-scale SMES, and these applications will significantly increase when HTSs can be used. 28 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Hull, J.R. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)); Schoenung, S.M. (Schafer (W.J.) Associates, Inc., Pleasanton, CA (USA)); Palmer, D.N.; Davis, M.K. (ABB, Inc., Windsor, CT (USA). Special Projects Group)
Reference Buildings by Building Type: Small Hotel
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
In addition to the ZIP file for each building type, you can directly view the "scorecard" spreadsheet that summarizes the inputs and results for each location. This Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is also included in the ZIP file. For version 1.4, only the IDF file is included.
Small-Scale Carbon Sequestration Field Test Yields Significant Lessons
Small-Scale Carbon Sequestration Field Test Yields Significant Small-Scale Carbon Sequestration Field Test Yields Significant Lessons Learned Small-Scale Carbon Sequestration Field Test Yields Significant Lessons Learned May 20, 2009 - 1:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership, one of seven regional partnerships created by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to advance carbon capture and storage technologies, has completed a preliminary geologic characterization and sequestration field test at FirstEnergy's R. E. Burger Plant near Shadyside, Ohio. The project provided significant geologic understanding and "lessons learned" from a region of the Appalachian Basin with few existing deep well penetrations for geologic characterization. The initial targets for the geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the
Research on a super-small-scale MHD power system
This paper describes a super-small-scale MHD power system, which can generate 4--10W pulse power with a plasma produced by an explosive or combustion as a working substance. Heat shielding material was made and tested, with the result that electrical insulation is desirable. This power generator can be used as an electrical power source of rocket or missile fuses.
He, Z.; Huam, L.Z.; Yao, F.G. (East China Inst. of Tech., Nanjing (China))
2010 Thin Film & Small Scale Mechanical Behavior Gordon Research Conference
Over the past decades, it has been well established that the mechanical behavior of materials changes when they are confined geometrically at least in one dimension to small scale. It is the aim of the 2010 Gordon Conference on 'Thin Film and Small Scale Mechanical Behavior' to discuss cutting-edge research on elastic, plastic and time-dependent deformation as well as degradation mechanisms like fracture, fatigue and wear at small scales. As in the past, the conference will benefit from contributions from fundamental studies of physical mechanisms linked to material science and engineering reaching towards application in modern applications ranging from optical and microelectronic devices and nano- or micro-electrical mechanical systems to devices for energy production and storage. The conference will feature entirely new testing methodologies and in situ measurements as well as recent progress in atomistic and micromechanical modeling. Particularly, emerging topics in the area of energy conversion and storage, such as material for batteries will be highlighted. The study of small-scale mechanical phenomena in systems related to energy production, conversion or storage offer an enticing opportunity to materials scientists, who can provide new insight and investigate these phenomena with methods that have not previously been exploited.
Dr. Thomas Balk
Design and operation of a small-scale ethanol still
A description is presented of a small-scale alcohol still utilizing beer derived from both corn and potato mash. Use was made of the ethanol in alcohol vehicles imported from Brazil. By-products (stillage) were successfully used as cattle feed. (DMC)
Floyd, J.E.
Manual of small-scale hydroelectric generation in South Dakota
This document contains a preliminary inventory of small scale hydroelectric potential in South Dakota and a simplified methodology for calculating economic feasibility of a project. In addition, the various technologies presently on the market, sources of technical and financial assistance and the various permits required for development are also discussed.
Small Scale CHP and Fuel Cell Incentive Program (New Jersey) | Department
Small Scale CHP and Fuel Cell Incentive Program (New Jersey) Small Scale CHP and Fuel Cell Incentive Program (New Jersey) Small Scale CHP and Fuel Cell Incentive Program (New Jersey) < Back Eligibility Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Local Government Multi-Family Residential Nonprofit Schools State Government Savings Category Commercial Heating & Cooling Manufacturing Buying & Making Electricity Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Wind Maximum Rebate Limits (% of cost) vary by system type, but the following limits also exist: NJCEP Incentive: $1 million Pay for Performance Bonus Incentive: $250,000 Utility Match: $1 million Overall Maximum: $2.25 million Program Info Funding Source New Jersey Societal Benefits Charge (public benefits fund) State New Jersey Program Type State Grant Program
Saturated small-scale dynamo solutions driven by isotropic non-helical turbulence are presented at low magnetic Prandtl numbers Pr{sub M} down to 0.01. For Pr{sub M} < 0.1, most of the energy is dissipated via Joule heat and, in agreement with earlier results for helical large-scale dynamos, kinetic energy dissipation is shown to diminish proportional to Pr{sup 1/2}{sub M} down to values of 0.1. In agreement with earlier work, there is, in addition to a short Golitsyn k {sup -11/3} spectrum near the resistive scale, also some evidence for a short k {sup -1} spectrum on larger scales. The rms magnetic field strength of the small-scale dynamo is found to depend only weakly on the value of Pr{sub M} and decreases by about a factor of two as Pr{sub M} is decreased from 1 to 0.01. The possibility of dynamo action at Pr{sub M} = 0.1 in the nonlinear regime is argued to be a consequence of a suppression of the bottleneck seen in the kinetic energy spectrum in the absence of a dynamo and, more generally, a suppression of kinetic energy near the dissipation wavenumber.
Brandenburg, Axel, E-mail: email@example.com [NORDITA, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-10691 Stockholm (Sweden); Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
(Small scale wind energy conversion programmatic equipment. Final report)
The purpose of this project is to provide South Dakota citizens with a case study of the institutional and technical problems encountered in the installation, maintenance and use of a small wind energy system. The project will provide information on wind turbine reliability, maintenance requirements and power production to demonstrate the feasibility of small-scale wind energy conversion projects for South Dakota. The system was installed by vocational students and instructors at Mitchell Vocational School. It has been in operation since the fall of 1983.
Wegman, S.
IntroductionIntroduction The use of small scale vertical axis wind turbinesThe use of small scale vertical axis wind turbines
IntroductionIntroduction The use of small scale vertical axis wind turbinesThe use of small scale vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) is being studied at McMaster University using(VAWT) is being studied
Tullis, Stephen
Legal factors affecting the financing of small scale hydroelectric projects
An introduction to the major business organizational options open to small-scale hydroelectric (SSH) projects is given. The major federal income tax treatments of these options are compared. Significant general federal income tax factors affecting SSH projects are reintroduced and explained. Some of the special federal income tax problem areas in SSH development are isolated. Tax benefit flow through or transfer mechanisms are discussed. Tax exempt financing opportunities for private SSH projects are reviewed. (MHR)
Wilson, W.H.; Ringo, M.J.; Forgione, N.
Propulsion engineering study for small-scale Mars missions
Rocket propulsion options for small-scale Mars missions are presented and compared, particularly for the terminal landing maneuver and for sample return. Mars landing has a low propulsive {Delta}v requirement on a {approximately}1-minute time scale, but at a high acceleration. High thrust/weight liquid rocket technologies, or advanced pulse-capable solids, developed during the past decade for missile defense, are therefore more appropriate for small Mars landers than are conventional space propulsion technologies. The advanced liquid systems are characterize by compact lightweight thrusters having high chamber pressures and short lifetimes. Blowdown or regulated pressure-fed operation can satisfy the Mars landing requirement, but hardware mass can be reduced by using pumps. Aggressive terminal landing propulsion designs can enable post-landing hop maneuvers for some surface mobility. The Mars sample return mission requires a small high performance launcher having either solid motors or miniature pump-fed engines. Terminal propulsion for 100 kg Mars landers is within the realm of flight-proven thruster designs, but custom tankage is desirable. Landers on a 10 kg scale also are feasible, using technology that has been demonstrated but not previously flown in space. The number of sources and the selection of components are extremely limited on this smallest scale, so some customized hardware is required. A key characteristic of kilogram-scale propulsion is that gas jets are much lighter than liquid thrusters for reaction control. The mass and volume of tanks for inert gas can be eliminated by systems which generate gas as needed from a liquid or a solid, but these have virtually no space flight history. Mars return propulsion is a major engineering challenge; earth launch is the only previously-solved propulsion problem requiring similar or greater performance.
Whitehead, J.
Small-Scale Spray Releases: Additional Aerosol Test Results
One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations reported in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials that will be processed in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex. To expand the data set upon which the WTP accident and safety analyses were based, an aerosol spray leak testing program was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL�s test program addressed two key technical areas to improve the WTP methodology (Larson and Allen 2010). The first technical area was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches where slurry particles may plug the hole and prevent high-pressure sprays. The results from an effort to address this first technical area can be found in Mahoney et al. (2012a). The second technical area was to determine aerosol droplet size distribution and total droplet volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, including sprays from larger breaches and sprays of slurries for which literature data are largely absent. To address the second technical area, the testing program collected aerosol generation data at two scales, commonly referred to as small-scale and large-scale. The small-scale testing and resultant data are described in Mahoney et al. (2012b) and the large-scale testing and resultant data are presented in Schonewill et al. (2012). In tests at both scales, simulants were used to mimic the relevant physical properties projected for actual WTP process streams.
Schonewill, Philip P.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Kimura, Marcia L.; Brown, G. N.; Mahoney, Lenna A.; Tran, Diana N.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Kurath, Dean E.
Small-scale wind turbines in cities and suburbs S Tullis, K Aly, R Bravo, A Fiedler, S Kooiman, K McLaren S Ziada
in 1970s & 1980s Small VAWTs mainly H-type Sandia 34 m Darrieus Sandia National Labs Cleanfield VAWT #12 is unsuited to traditional small-scale HAWTs Small VAWTs are able to handle the "dirty" air Main technicalSmall-scale wind turbines in cities and suburbs S Tullis, K Aly, R Bravo, A Fiedler, S Kooiman, K
Small-Scale Spray Releases: Orifice Plugging Test Results
One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities, is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations published in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials present in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex. Two key technical areas were identified where testing results were needed to improve the technical basis by reducing the uncertainty introduced by extrapolating existing literature results. The first technical need was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches in which the slurry particles may plug and result in substantially reduced, or even negligible, respirable fraction formed by high pressure sprays. The second technical need was to determine the aerosol droplet size distribution and volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, specifically including sprays from larger breaches with slurries where data from the literature are largely absent. To address these technical areas, small- and large-scale test stands were constructed and operated with simulants to determine the aerosol release fractions and aerosol generation rates from a range of breach sizes and geometries. The properties of the simulants represented the range of properties expected in the WTP process streams and included water, sodium salt solutions, slurries containing boehmite or gibbsite, and a hazardous chemical simulant. The effect of anti-foam agents (AFA) was assessed with most of the simulants. Orifices included round holes and rectangular slots. Much of the testing was conducted at pressures of 200 and 380 psi, but some tests were conducted at 100 psi. Testing the largest postulated breaches was deemed impractical because of the large size of some of the WTP equipment. The purpose of the study described in this report is to provide experimental data for the first key technical area, potential plugging of small breaches, by performing small-scale tests with a range of orifice sizes and orientations representative of the WTP conditions. The simulants used were chosen to represent the range of process stream properties in the WTP. Testing conducted after the plugging tests in the small- and large-scale test stands addresses the second key technical area, aerosol generation. The results of the small-scale aerosol generation tests are included in Mahoney et al. 2012. The area of spray generation from large breaches is covered by large-scale testing in Schonewill et al. 2012.
Mahoney, Lenna A.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Blanchard, Jeremy; Kimura, Marcia L.; Kurath, Dean E.
The Small-Scale Power Spectrum of Cold Dark Matter
One of the best motivated hypotheses in cosmology states that most of the matter in the universe is in the form of weakly-interacting massive particles that decoupled early in the history of the universe and cooled adiabatically to an extremely low temperature. Nevertheless, the finite temperature and horizon scales at which these particles decoupled imprint generic signatures on their small scales density fluctuations. We show that the previously recognized cut-off in the fluctuation power-spectrum due to free-streaming of particles at the thermal speed of decoupling, is supplemented by acoustic oscillations owing to the initial coupling between the cold dark matter (CDM) and the radiation field. The power-spectrum oscillations appear on the scale of the horizon at thermal decoupling which corresponds to a mass scale of \\~10^{-4}*(T_d/10MeV)^{-3} solar masses for a CDM decoupling temperature T_d. The suppression of the power-spectrum on smaller scales by the acoustic oscillations is physically independent from the free-streaming effect, although the two cut-off scales are coincidentally comparable for T_d~10MeV and a particle mass of M~100GeV. The initial conditions for recent numerical simulations of the earliest and smallest objects to have formed in the universe, need to be modified accordingly. The smallest dark matter clumps may be detectable through gamma-ray production from particle annihilation, through fluctuations in the event rate of direct detection experiments, or through their tidal gravitational effect on wide orbits of objects near the outer edge of the solar system.
Abraham Loeb; Matias Zaldarriaga
JGI - LSP Small-Scale Sequencing Plans for 2007
Laboratory Science Program Laboratory Science Program Small-Scale Sequencing Plans For status information, see the Genome Projects section. Organism Proposer Affiliation Five Archaea (Methanohalobium evestigatum, Methanobacterium formicicum, Halococcoides, Ferroglobus placidus, and Acidianus sp. JP7) Kyrpides LBNL Aspergillus terreus EST Baker PNNL Avena Barbata ESTs Anderson BNL Burkholderia cepacia Bu72 van der Lelie BNL ChIP-enriched binding sequences Stubbs LLNL CRISPR loci of Leptospirillum Banfield Cochliobolus heterostrophus Turgeon Cornell University Columbia River Microbiota Magnuson PNNL Dehalococcoides Brodie LBNL Etolico Lagoon in Greece Kyrpides LBNL Fungal comparative genomics (Orpinomyces) Baker PNNL Hypersaline microbial mat Raymond LLNL Leonotis nepetifolia Shanklin BNL
Small Scale Coal Biomass Liquids Production Using Highly Selective Fischer
Small Scale Coal Biomass Liquids Production Using Highly Selective Fischer Tropsch Catalyst Small Scale Coal Biomass Liquids Production Using Highly Selective Fischer Tropsch Catalyst Southern Research Institute Project Number: FE0010231 Project Description Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, called syngas, into liquid hydrocarbons. It is a leading technology for converting syngas derived from gasification of coal and coal-biomass mixtures to hydrocarbons in coal to liquids (CTL) and coal-biomass to liquids (CBTL) processes. However, conventional FTS catalysts produce undesirable waxes (C21+) that need to be upgraded to liquids (C5-C20) by hydrotreating. This adds significantly to the cost of FTS. The objectives of this project are (i) to demonstrate potential for CBTL cost reduction by maximizing the production of C5-C20 hydrocarbon liquids using a selective FTS catalyst and (ii) to evaluate the impacts of the addition of biomass to coal on product characteristics, carbon foot print, and economics.
Small-Scale Aeroelastic Rotor Simulation, Design and Fabrication
Efficient, small-scale fixed-pitch rotor blades are essential for miniature rotorcraft. Extremely thin blade sections are required for highly efficient rotor performance that leads to acceptable mission endurance. Such rotor blades are difficult to manufacture from sufficiently rigid material to avoid significant torsional deformation in operating conditions. In practice, it is necessary to trade-off manufacturing simplicity and mechanical rigidity of a blade design against aerodynamic performance. This paper presents a design methodology for this problem, based on development of a simulator for steady-state rotor performance along with a search algorithm to find the ideal taper and twist geometry for a specified motor torque. The approach is demonstrated on the design of rotors for a small scale quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle under development at the Australian National University. Experimental thrust tests indicate good correspondence with theoretical predications. Nomenclature A Rotor disc area, m2 AoA Angle of Attack, rad c Blade chord, m cd Non-dimensional drag coefficient cl Non-dimensional lift coefficient cm Non-dimensional moment coefficient
Paul Pounds; Robert Mahony
AFBC-HAGT, an efficient small scale power plant
A team comprised of the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER), the Will-Burt Company, and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) designed installed and tested a pilot scale atmospheric fluidized (bubbling) bed combustion (AFBC) system to heat hot water. Following testing, a commercial prototype unit was installed at Cedar Lane Farms (CLF), near Wooster, Ohio. The unit was started up in January, 1995, and is currently in operation. It provides hot water for greenhouse heating, requiring about two hours per day of operator attention. The development was funded by the Ohio Coal Development Office, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the team members. Based on the success of the prototype operation a commercial size unit was recently designed for hot water heating use. This small scale AFBC system can be designed not only to produce hot water or steam but also to efficiently generate electricity (60 kWe to 3.5 MWe size range). Most small scale fluidized bed systems use in-bed heat transfer tubes to generate saturated steam which can then be superheated and fed to a steam turbine for electrical power generation. This AFBC has no internal heat transfer surfaces. It can be combined with an air heater that is integrated with a recuperated Hot Air Gas Turbine (HAGT), to yield a more efficient power plant than that possible with small steam plants of comparable size that have optimal gross efficiencies of about 12% (29,060 Btu/kWhr). Depending on ambient air temperature, this AFBC-HAGT power cycle can reach efficiencies of 28% without auxiliary diesel fuel oil firing. The system is ideally suited for rural communities that are not tied into an electric power grid. It is low tech, easy to operate, provides approximately double the efficiency of small steam cycle power plants, and can be used in areas where water is scarce. When firing local coal and/or bio-mass it can be very cost effective compared to diesel power generation.
Ashworth, R.A. [Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Orrville, OH (United States); Webner, R.L. [Will-Burt Company, Orrville, OH (United States); Keener, H.M. [Ohio State Univ., Wooster, OH (United States). Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
Small-Scale Spray Releases: Initial Aerosol Test Results
One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations reported in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials that will be processed in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex. Two key technical areas were identified where testing results were needed to improve the technical basis by reducing the uncertainty due to extrapolating existing literature results. The first technical need was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches where the slurry particles may plug and result in substantially reduced, or even negligible, respirable fraction formed by high-pressure sprays. The second technical need was to determine the aerosol droplet size distribution and volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, specifically including sprays from larger breaches with slurries where data from the literature are scarce. To address these technical areas, small- and large-scale test stands were constructed and operated with simulants to determine aerosol release fractions and generation rates from a range of breach sizes and geometries. The properties of the simulants represented the range of properties expected in the WTP process streams and included water, sodium salt solutions, slurries containing boehmite or gibbsite, and a hazardous chemical simulant. The effect of anti-foam agents was assessed with most of the simulants. Orifices included round holes and rectangular slots. The round holes ranged in size from 0.2 to 4.46 mm. The slots ranged from (width � length) 0.3 � 5 to 2.74 � 76.2 mm. Most slots were oriented longitudinally along the pipe, but some were oriented circumferentially. In addition, a limited number of multi-hole test pieces were tested in an attempt to assess the impact of a more complex breach. Much of the testing was conducted at pressures of 200 and 380 psi, but some tests were conducted at 100 psi. Testing the largest postulated breaches was deemed impractical because of the large size of some of the WTP equipment. This report presents the experimental results and analyses for the aerosol measurements obtained in the small-scale test stand. It includes a description of the simulants used and their properties, equipment and operations, data analysis methodologies, and test results. The results of tests investigating the role of slurry particles in plugging small breaches are reported in Mahoney et al. (2012). The results of the aerosol measurements in the large-scale test stand are reported in Schonewill et al. (2012) along with an analysis of the combined results from both test scales.
Mahoney, Lenna A.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Kimura, Marcia L.; Brown, Garrett N.; Kurath, Dean E.; Buchmiller, William C.; Smith, Dennese M.; Blanchard, Jeremy; Song, Chen; Daniel, Richard C.; Wells, Beric E.; Tran, Diana N.; Burns, Carolyn A.
Assessment and design of small-scale hydro-electric power plants.
??Appraisal and design of small-scale hydro power plants requires a knowledge of hydraulics, hydrology, civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering, and basic economics. Further, small hydro� (more)
Jones, ID
Small-Scale Geothermal Power Plant Field Verification Projects: Preprint
In the spring of 2000, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory issued a Request for Proposal for the construction of small-scale (300 kilowatt [kW] to 1 megawatt [MW]) geothermal power plants in the western United States. Five projects were selected for funding. Of these five, subcontracts have been completed for three, and preliminary design work is being conducted. The three projects currently under contract represent a variety of concepts and locations: a 1-MW evaporatively enhanced, air-cooled binary-cycle plant in Nevada; a 1-MW water-cooled Kalina-cycle plant in New Mexico; and a 750-kW low-temperature flash plant in Utah. All three also incorporate direct heating: onion dehydration, heating for a fish hatchery, and greenhouse heating, respectively. These projects are expected to begin operation between April 2002 and September 2003. In each case, detailed data on performance and costs will be taken over a 3-year period.
Kutscher, C.
Remote plunger removal device for small-scale incremental pressing
Small-scale pressing of high explosives (HE) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and elsewhere is routinely performed using pneumatic presses. Blast shields provide protection to the operator during the pressing procedure, but safety of the operator is a concern during removal of the plunger, which is currently performed manually. To minimize this risk, very high tolerances between the plunger and the die are required. These tolerances are often very costly, especially in the case of long, relatively narrow dies. The safety issue is an even greater concern with incremental pressing in which cleaning the die between increments is difficult or impossible. To better protect press operators, a device has been designed and constructed to allow remote plunger removal in a standard HE press. In this report the authors describe this modified press that allows remote removal of the plunger.
Burnside, N.J.; Son, S.F.; Asay, B.W.
A Small-Scale Safety Test for Initiation Components
We have developed a small-scale safety test for initiation train components. A low-cost test was needed to assess the response of initiation components to an abnormal shock environment and to detect changes in the sensitivity of initiation components as they age. The test uses a disk of Detasheet to transmit a shock through a PMMA barrier into a the test article. A schematic drawing of the fixture is shown. The 10-cm-diameter disk of 3-mm-thick Detasheet, initiated at its center by a RISI, RP detonator, produces a shock wave that is attenuated by a variable-thickness PMMA spacer (gap). Layers of metal and plastic above the test article and the material surrounding the test article may be chosen to mock up the environment of the test article at its location in a warhead. A metal plate at the bottom serves as a witness plate to record whether or not the test article detonated. For articles containing a small amount of explosive, it can be difficult to determine whether or not a detonation has occurred. In such cases, one can use a pressure transducer or laser velocimeter to detect the shock wave from the detonation of the article. The assembly is contained in a 10-cm-ID section of PVC pipe and fired in a containment vessel rated at 100 g. Test results are given for a hemispherical, exploding-bridgewire (EBW) detonator.
Cutting, J; Chow, C; Chau, H; Hodgin, R; Lee, R
A Review of "Small-Scale Wind Turbines Policy Perspectives and
ERG/200607 A Review of "Small-Scale Wind Turbines Policy Perspectives and Recommendations of Engineering Mathematics at Dalhousie University. #12;Hughes-Long: A Review of Small-Scale Wind Turbines proposed changes to their municipal Bylaws to allow the installation of "small-scale" wind turbines (i
Hughes, Larry
Initial Market Assessment for Small-Scale Biomass-Based CHP
The purpose of this report is to reexamine the energy generation market opportunities for biomass CHP applications smaller than 20 MW. This paper provides an overview of the benefits of and challenges for biomass CHP in terms of policy, including a discussion of the drivers behind, and constraints on, the biomass CHP market. The report provides a summary discussion of the available biomass supply types and technologies that could be used to feed the market. Two primary markets are outlined--rural/agricultural and urban--for small-scale biomass CHP, and illustrate the primary intersections of supply and demand for those markets. The paper concludes by summarizing the potential markets and suggests next steps for identifying and utilizing small-scale biomass.
Brown, E.; Mann, M.
Newly Observed Small-Scale Structures in the Quiet Sun and Their Connection to Solar Oscillations
Our observations of the quiet Sun with the NST have yielded unanticipated results on smal-scale solar dynamic. Althought small-scale solar dynamic have been well-studied, the NST is enabling us to probe finer scale dynamic exploiting higher spatial resolution. We discuss NST resutls from data taken 29th July 2009 using an broadband filter centered on TiO 705.7nm spectral line. Data are from the center of the solar disk where we observed quiet Sun. We registered bright-point like structures in most of the intergranular lanes. They vary in behaviour and evolution. Co-registered solar oscillations tend to congregate near certain types of bright-point like structures. The oscillations with maximum power tend to appear only above or near these structures.
Andic, Aleksandra
Small Scale SOFC Demonstration Using Bio-Based and Fossil Fuels - Technology Management, Inc.
Small Scale SOFC Demonstration Using Small Scale SOFC Demonstration Using Bio-based and Fossil Fuels-Technology Management, Inc. Background In this congressionally directed project, Technology Management, Inc. (TMI) will develop and demonstrate a residential scale prototype solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system at end-user sites. These small-scale systems would operate continuously on either conventional or renewable biofuels, producing cost effective, uninterruptible
Type II Leptogenesis and the Neutrino Mass Scale
We discuss the effect of the neutrino mass scale on baryogenesis via the out-of-equilibrium decay of the lightest right-handed (s)neutrinos in type II see-saw models. We calculate the type II contributions to the decay asymmetries for minimal scenarios based on the Standard Model and on the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, where the additional direct mass term for the neutrinos arises from a Higgs triplet vacuum expectation value. The result in the supersymmetric case is new and we correct the previous result in the scenario based on the Standard Model. We confirm and generalize our results by calculating the decay asymmetries in an effective approach, which is independent of the realization of the type II contribution. We derive a general upper bound on the decay asymmetry in type II see-saw models and find that it increases with the neutrino mass scale, in sharp contrast to the type I case which leads to an upper bound of about 0.1 eV on the neutrino mass scale. We find a lower bound on the mass of the lightest right-handed neutrino, significantly below the corresponding type I bound for partially degenerate neutrinos. This lower bound decreases with increasing neutrino mass scale, making leptogenesis more consistent with the gravitino constraints in supersymmetric models.
Stefan Antusch; Steve F. King
Potential small-scale development of western oil shale
Several studies have been undertaken in an effort to determine ways to enhance development of western oil shale under current market conditions for energy resources. This study includes a review of the commercial potential of western oil shale products and byproducts, a review of retorting processes, an economic evaluation of a small-scale commercial operation, and a description of the environmental requirements of such an operation. Shale oil used as a blend in conventional asphalt appears to have the most potential for entering today's market. Based on present prices for conventional petroleum, other products from oil shale do not appear competitive at this time or will require considerable marketing to establish a position in the marketplace. Other uses for oil shale and spent shale, such as for sulfur sorbtion, power generation, cement, aggregate, and soil stabilization, are limited economically by transportation costs. The three-state area area consisting of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming seems reasonable for the entry of shale oil-blended asphalt into the commercial market. From a review of retorting technologies and the product characteristics from various retorting processes it was determined that the direct heating Paraho and inclined fluidized-bed processes produce a high proportion of heavy material with a high nitrogen content. The two processes are complementary in that they are each best suited to processing different size ranges of materials. An economic evaluation of a 2000-b/d shale oil facility shows that the operation is potentially viable, if the price obtained for the shale oil residue is in the top range of prices projected for this product. Environmental requirements for building and operating an oil shale processing facility are concerned with permitting, control of emissions and discharges, and monitoring. 62 refs., 6 figs., 10 tabs.
Smith, V.; Renk, R.; Nordin, J.; Chatwin, T.; Harnsberger, M.; Fahy, L.J.; Cha, C.Y.; Smith, E.; Robertson, R.
Micro-level Practices to Adapt to Climate Change for African Small-scale
level Practices to Adapt to Climate Change for African Small-scale level Practices to Adapt to Climate Change for African Small-scale Farmers Jump to: navigation, search Name Micro-level Practices to Adapt to Climate Change for African Small-scale Farmers Agency/Company /Organization International Food Policy Research Institute Sector Land Focus Area Agriculture Topics Implementation, Policies/deployment programs, Pathways analysis Resource Type Publications, Lessons learned/best practices Website http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/u UN Region "Western Asia & North Africa" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property., "Sub-Saharan Africa" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property.
Prediciting Size Effects and Determing Length Scales in Small Scale Metaliic Volumes
The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the behavior of metallic structures in small scales. Structural materials display strong size dependence when deformed non-uniformly into the inelastic range. This phenomenon is widely known as size effect. The primary focus of this study is on developing analytical models to predict some of the most commonly observed size effects in structural metals and validating them by comparing with experimental results. A nonlocal rate-dependent and gradient dependent theory of plasticity on a thermodynamically consistent framework is adopted for this purpose. The developed gradient plasticity theory is applied to study size effects observed in biaxial and thermal loading of thin films and indentation tests. One important intrinsic material property associated with this study is material length scale. The work also presents models for predicting length scales and discusses their physical interpretations. It is found that the proposed theory is successful for the interpretation of indentation size effects in micro/nano-hardness when using pyramidal or spherical indenters and gives sound interpretation of the size effects in thin films under biaxial or thermal loading.
Faruk, Abu N.
Small-scale AFBC-hot air gas turbine power cycle
The Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER), the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), the Will-Burt Company (W-B) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) have successfully developed and completed pilot plant tests on a small scale atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) system. This system can be used to generate electricity, and/or hot water, steam. Following successful pilot plant operation, commercial demonstration will take place at Cedar Lane Farms (CLF), near Wooster, Ohio. The system demonstration will be completed by the end of 1995. The project is being funded through a cooperative effort between the DOE, EER, W-B, OARDC, CLF and the Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO). The small scale AFBC, has no internal heat transfer surfaces in the fluid bed proper. Combining the combustor with a hot air gas turbine (HAGT) for electrical power generation, can give a relatively high overall system thermal efficiency. Using a novel method of recovering waste heat from the gas turbine, a gross heat rate of 13,500 Btu/kWhr ({approximately}25% efficiency) can be achieved for a small 1.5 MW, plant. A low technology industrial recuperation type gas turbine is used that operates with an inlet blade temperature of 1450{degrees}F and a compression ratio of 3.9:1. The AFBC-HAGT technology can be used to generate power for remote rural communities to replace diesel generators, or can be used for small industrial co-generation applications.
Ashworth, R.C. [Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Orrville, OH (United States); Keener, H.M. [Ohio State Univ., Wooster, OH (United States); Hall, A.W. [Morgantown Energy Technology Center, Morgantown, WV (United States)
Handbook for Small-Scale Densified Biomass Fuel (Pellets) Manufacturing for Local Markets.
Wood pellet manufacturing in the Intermountain West is a recently founded and rapidly expanding energy industry for small-scale producers. Within a three-year period, the total number of manufacturers in the region has increased from seven to twelve (Folk et al., 1988). Small-scale industry development is evolving because a supply of raw materials from small and some medium-sized primary and secondary wood processors that has been largely unused. For the residue producer considering pellet fuel manufacturing, the wastewood generated from primary products often carries a cost associated with residue disposal when methods at-e stockpiling, landfilling or incinerating. Regional processors use these methods for a variety of reasons, including the relatively small amounts of residue produced, residue form, mixed residue types, high transportation costs and lack of a local market, convenience and absence of regulation. Direct costs associated with residue disposal include the expenses required to own and operate residue handling equipment, costs for operating and maintaining a combustor and tipping fees charged to accept wood waste at public landfills. Economic and social costs related to environmental concerns may also be incurred to include local air and water quality degradation from open-air combustion and leachate movement into streams and drinking water.
Folk, Richard L.; Govett, Robert L.
Small-scale drift-Alfven wave driven zonal flows in plasmas
The problem of generation of zonal flows by small-scale drift-Alfven waves is illuminated more completely. The growth rate of zonal-flow instabilities much greater than known by previous investigations is obtained. Dependence of the growth rate on the spectrum purity of the wave packet is also investigated. It is shown that the sufficient broadening of the wave packet gives resonant-type instability with the growth rate of the order of hydrodynamic one. The appropriate conditions for instabilities are determined.
Kaladze, T. D.; Wu, D. J.; Yang, L. [Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) and I. Vekua Institute of Applied Mathematics of Tbilisi State University, 2 University Str., 0143 Tbilisi (Georgia); Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China); Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)
The ability to effectively mix, sample, certify, and deliver consistent batches of High Level Waste (HLW) feed from the Hanford Double Shell Tanks (DST) to the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) presents a significant mission risk with potential to impact mission length and the quantity of HLW glass produced. DOE's Tank Operations Contractor, Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) has previously presented the results of mixing performance in two different sizes of small scale DSTs to support scale up estimates of full scale DST mixing performance. Currently, sufficient sampling of DSTs is one of the largest programmatic risks that could prevent timely delivery of high level waste to the WTP. WRPS has performed small scale mixing and sampling demonstrations to study the ability to sufficiently sample the tanks. The statistical evaluation of the demonstration results which lead to the conclusion that the two scales of small DST are behaving similarly and that full scale performance is predictable will be presented. This work is essential to reduce the risk of requiring a new dedicated feed sampling facility and will guide future optimization work to ensure the waste feed delivery mission will be accomplished successfully. This paper will focus on the analytical data collected from mixing, sampling, and batch transfer testing from the small scale mixing demonstration tanks and how those data are being interpreted to begin to understand the relationship between samples taken prior to transfer and samples from the subsequent batches transferred. An overview of the types of data collected and examples of typical raw data will be provided. The paper will then discuss the processing and manipulation of the data which is necessary to begin evaluating sampling and batch transfer performance. This discussion will also include the evaluation of the analytical measurement capability with regard to the simulant material used in the demonstration tests. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the analysis results illustrating the relationship between the pre-transfer samples and the batch transfers, which support the recommendation regarding the need for a dedicated feed sampling facility.
Investment Timing and Capacity Choice for Small-Scale Wind Power Under Uncertainty
INVESTMENT TIMING AND CAPACITY CHOICE FOR SMALL-SCALE WINDvalue as a func- tion of capacity is declining because ais reduced with increased capacity. A possible approach for
Fleten, Stein-Erik; Maribu, Karl Magnus
Small Scale Field Test Demonstrating CO2 sequestration in Arbuckle...
Scale Field Test Demonstrating CO 2 sequestration in Arbuckle Saline Aquifer and by CO 2 -EOR at Wellington field, Sumner County, Kansas -- W. Lynn Watney and Jason Rush Kansas...
Introduction to Small-Scale Wind Energy Systems (Including RETScreen Case
Introduction to Small-Scale Wind Energy Systems (Including RETScreen Case Introduction to Small-Scale Wind Energy Systems (Including RETScreen Case Study) (Webinar) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Introduction to Small-Scale Wind Energy Systems (Including RETScreen Case Study) (Webinar) Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: System & Application Design Website: www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-introduction-small-scale-wind-energy-s Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/introduction-small-scale-wind-energy- Language: English Policies: Deployment Programs DeploymentPrograms: Project Development This video teaches the viewer about wind turbines and RETscreen's wind module, which can be used to project the cost and production of a wind
Solar small-scale microwave bursts (SMBs), including microwave dot, spike, and narrow-band type III bursts, are characterized by very short timescales, narrow frequency bandwidth, and very high brightness temperatures. Based on observations of the Chinese Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer at Huairou with superhigh cadence and frequency resolution, this work presents an intensive investigation of SMBs in several flares that occurred in active region NOAA 10720 during 2005 January 14-21. Especially for long-duration flares, the SMBs occurred not only in the early rising and impulsive phase, but also in the flare decay phase and even after the end of the flare. These SMBs are strong bursts with inferred brightness temperatures of at least 8.18 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 11}-1.92 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 13} K, very short lifetimes of 5-18 ms, relative frequency bandwidths of 0.7%-3.5%, and superhigh frequency drifting rates. Together with their obviously different polarizations from background emission (the quiet Sun, and the underlying flaring broadband continuum), such SMBs should be individual, independent strong coherent bursts related to some non-thermal energy release and the production of energetic particles in a small-scale source region. These facts show the existence of small-scale strong non-thermal energy releasing activities after the flare maxima, which is meaningful for predicting space weather. Physical analysis indicates that a plasma mechanism may be the most favorable candidate for the formation of SMBs. From the plasma mechanism, the velocities and kinetic energy of fast electrons can be deduced and the region of electron acceleration can also be tracked.
Tan Baolin, E-mail: email@example.com [Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China)
Small-scale alcohol fuel plant. Final report
The objective to decrease the cost of distillation by the use of solar heat and a vacuum system combined was achieved. My original design of a single pot type still was altered during construction by dividing the distillation tank into three sections with a condenser coil after each section so that 160+ proof alcohol can be acquired without extensive reflux. However, some reflux will still be necessary to extract the most alcohol possible from the mash. This proto-type still could be reproduced for use as an On the Farm Plant if the components are size matched and the modifications are incorporated as I have outlined in Conclusions and Recommendations on page No. 4 of this report.
Fitzcharles, H.M. III
U.S. Department of Energy Selects First Round of Small-Scale Biorefinery
U.S. Department of Energy Selects First Round of Small-Scale U.S. Department of Energy Selects First Round of Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects for Up to $114 Million in Federal Funding U.S. Department of Energy Selects First Round of Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects for Up to $114 Million in Federal Funding January 29, 2008 - 10:53am Addthis Ten percent commercial-scale biorefineries will help the nation meet new Renewable Fuels Standard WASHINGTON, DC - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Samuel W. Bodman today announced that DOE will invest up to $114 million, over four years, (Fiscal Years 2007-2010) for four small-scale biorefinery projects to be located in Commerce City, Colorado; St. Joseph, Missouri; Boardman, Oregon; and Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. Building on President Bush's goal of making cellulosic ethanol cost-competitive by 2012, these ten-percent of
First Round of Small-Scale First Round of Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects for Up to $114 Million in Federal Funding U.S. Department of Energy Selects First Round of Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects for Up to $114 Million in Federal Funding January 29, 2008 - 10:53am Addthis Ten percent commercial-scale biorefineries will help the nation meet new Renewable Fuels Standard WASHINGTON, DC - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Samuel W. Bodman today announced that DOE will invest up to $114 million, over four years, (Fiscal Years 2007-2010) for four small-scale biorefinery projects to be located in Commerce City, Colorado; St. Joseph, Missouri; Boardman, Oregon; and Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. Building on President Bush's goal of making cellulosic ethanol cost-competitive by 2012, these ten-percent of
Methane production from hog manure in small-scale units
Fuel gas production from manure on small-sized (100 to 500 hogs) family-operated farms can become an economically sound proposition within a decade if current price rise trends for fossil fuels continue. Minimum plant cost resulting from an optimistic assumption of the state of digestion technology leads to a fuel gas cost about equal to LPG cost on a Btu basis. Hog farms with over 3000 animals would permit digester gas costs, which would match LPG cost. It may be better to build a plant before LPG costs rise to meet gas costs in order to take advantage of lower plant costs, which will generate future cost savings. The credit for gas produced makes digestion competitive with aerobic methods for manure disposal whose capital costs are much lower.
Silveston, P.L.
Evidence of small-scale magnetic concentrations dragged by vortex motion of solar photospheric plasma
Vortex-type motions have been measured by tracking bright points in high-resolution observations of the solar photosphere. These small-scale motions are thought to be determinant in the evolution of magnetic footpoints and their interaction with plasma and therefore likely to play a role in heating the upper solar atmosphere by twisting magnetic flux tubes. We report the observation of magnetic concentrations being dragged towards the center of a convective vortex motion in the solar photosphere from high-resolution ground-based and space-borne data. We describe this event by analyzing a series of images at different solar atmospheric layers. By computing horizontal proper motions, we detect a vortex whose center appears to be the draining point for the magnetic concentrations detected in magnetograms and well-correlated with the locations of bright points seen in G-band and CN images.
Balmaceda, L; Palacios, J; Cabello, I; Domingo, V
Markets for small-scale, advanced coal-combustion technologies
This report examines the potential of using US-developed advanced coal technologies (ACTs) for small combustors in foreign markets; in particular, the market potentials of the member countries of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) were determined. First, the United States and those OECD countries with very low energy demands were eliminated. The remaining 15 countries were characterized on the basis of eight factors that would influence their decision to use US ACTs: energy plan and situation, dependence on oil and gas imports, experience with coal, residential/commercial energy demand, industrial energy demand, trade relationship with the United States, level of domestic competition with US ACT manufacturers, and environmental pressure to use advanced technology. Each country was rated high, medium-high, low-medium, or low on each factor, based on statistical and other data. The ratings were then used to group the countries in terms of their relative market potential (good, good but with impediments, or limited). The best potential markets appear to be Spain, Italy, turkey, Greece, and Canada. 25 refs., 1 fig., 37 tabs.
Placet, M.; Kenkeremath, L.D.; Streets, D.G.; Dials, G.E.; Kern, D.M.; Nehring, J.L.; Szpunar, C.B.
DOE to Provide up to $40 Million in Funding for Small-Scale Biorefinery
up to $40 Million in Funding for Small-Scale up to $40 Million in Funding for Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects in Wisconsin and Louisiana DOE to Provide up to $40 Million in Funding for Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects in Wisconsin and Louisiana July 14, 2008 - 2:15pm Addthis Projects Show Continued Investment in Non-Food Based, Sustainable, and Cost Competitive Second-Generation Cellulosic Biofuels WASHINGTON - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced the selection of two small-scale cellulosic biorefinery projects in Park Falls, Wis. and Jennings, La. for federal funding of up to $40 million over five years. These projects will further President Bush's goal of making cellulosic ethanol cost-competitive with corn-based ethanol by 2012, and help reduce America's gasoline use by expanding the availability of
EA-1642S: Small-Scale Pilot Plant for the Gasification of Coal and
642S: Small-Scale Pilot Plant for the Gasification of Coal and 642S: Small-Scale Pilot Plant for the Gasification of Coal and Coal-Biomass Blends and Conversion of Derived Syngas to Liquid Fuels via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Lexington, KY EA-1642S: Small-Scale Pilot Plant for the Gasification of Coal and Coal-Biomass Blends and Conversion of Derived Syngas to Liquid Fuels via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Lexington, KY SUMMARY This draft Supplemental Environmental Assessment (SEA) analyzes the potential environmental impacts of DOE's proposed action of providing cost-shared funding for the University of Kentucky (UK) Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER) Small-Scale Pilot Plant for the Gasification of Coal and Coal-Biomass Blends and Conversion of Derived Syngas to Liquid Fuels via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis project and of the No-Action Alternative.
DOE Selects 3 Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects for up to $86 Million of
3 Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects for up to $86 3 Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects for up to $86 Million of Federal Funding in Maine, Tennessee and Kentucky DOE Selects 3 Small-Scale Biorefinery Projects for up to $86 Million of Federal Funding in Maine, Tennessee and Kentucky April 18, 2008 - 10:49am Addthis Projects Demonstrate Continued Commitment to Advancing Development of Sustainable, Cost-Competitive Cellulosic Ethanol ALEXANDRIA, VA. - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Samuel W. Bodman today announced the competitive selection of three projects in which DOE plans to invest up to $86 million over four years (FY '08 - '11) to support the development of small-scale cellulosic biorefineries in Old Town, ME; Vonore, TN; and Washington County, KY. This funding will further President Bush's goal of making cellulosic ethanol cost-competitive by
Design of a small-scale continuous linear motion pharmaceutical filtration module
A new small-scale continuous linear motion pharmaceutical filtration prototype was designed, fabricated, and tested. The goal of this unit is to filter an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) from a mixture of API ...
Wong, Katherine Wing-Shan
Small scale hydroelectric power potential in Nevada: a preliminary reconnaissance survey
This preliminary reconnaissance survey is intended to: develop a first estimate as to the potential number, location and characteristics of small-scale (50 kW to 15 MW) hydroelectric sites in Nevada; provide a compilation of various Federal and state laws and regulations, including tax and financing regulations, that affect small-scale hydroelectric development and provide information on sources of small-scale hydroelectric generation hardware and consultants/ contractors who do small scale hydroelectric work. The entire survey has been conducted in the office working with various available data bases. The site survey and site evaluation methods used are described, and data are tabulated on the flow, power potential, predicted capital expenditures required, etc. for 61 potential sites with measured flows and for 77 sites with derived flows. A map showing potential site locations is included. (LCL)
Cochran, G.F.; Fordham, J.W.; Richard, K.; Loux, R.
Small-scale hydroelectric power in the Pacific Northwest: new impetus for an old energy source
Energy supply is one of the most important issues facing Northwestern legislators today. To meet the challenge, state legislatures must address the development of alternative energy sources. The Small-Scale Hydroelectric Power Policy Project of the National Conference of State Legislators (NCSL) was designed to assist state legislators in looking at the benefits of one alternative, small-scale hydro. Because of the need for state legislative support in the development of small-scale hydroelectric, NCSL, as part of its contract with the Department of Energy, conducted the following conference on small-scale hydro in the Pacific Northwest. The conference was designed to identify state obstacles to development and to explore options for change available to policymakers. A summary of the conference proceedings is presented.
EA-1642S: Small-Scale Pilot Plant for the Gasification of Coal...
642S: Small-Scale Pilot Plant for the Gasification of Coal and Coal-Biomass Blends and Conversion of Derived Syngas to Liquid Fuels via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Lexington, KY...
Scott Distributed power generation (New York, Marcel Dekker,the renewable share of power generation. The American Windin small-scale wind power generation, as well as the choice
Radiation and dissipation of internal waves generated by geostrophic motions impinging on small-scale topography
Observations and inverse models suggest that small-scale turbulent mixing is enhanced in the Southern Ocean in regions above rough topography. The enhancement extends 1 km above the topography suggesting that mixing is ...
Nikurashin, Maxim (Maxim Anatolevich)
Thermal design of humidification dehumidification systems for affordable and small-scale desalination
The humidification dehumidification (HDH) technology is a carrier-gas-based thermal desalination technique ideal for application in a small-scale system but, currently, has a high cost of water production (about 30 $/m� ...
Govindan, Prakash Narayan
An Experimental Study of Small-Scale Variability of Radar Reflectivity Using Disdrometer Observations
Analysis of data collected by four disdrometers deployed in a 1-km2 area is presented with the intent of quantifying the spatial variability of radar reflectivity at small spatial scales. Spatial variability of radar reflectivity within the radar ...
Benjamin J. Miriovsky; A. Allen Bradley; William E. Eichinger; Witold F. Krajewski; Anton Kruger; Brian R. Nelson; Jean-Dominique Creutin; Jean-Marc Lapetite; Gyu Won Lee; Isztar Zawadzki; Fred L. Ogden
Implications of Small-Scale Flow Features to Modeling Dispersion over Complex Terrain
Small-scale, topographically forced wind systems often have a strong influence on flow over complex terrain. A problem is that these systems are very difficult to measure, because of their limited spatial and temporal extent. They can be ...
R. M. Banta; L. D. Olivier; P. H. Gudiksen; R. Lange
REFERENCES [1] American Wind Power Association (AWEA), Road-CHOICE FOR SMALL-SCALE WIND POWER UNDER UNCERTAINTY Stein-Power production from wind power has stochastic inflows, and
New developments in fuel cell technologies offer the promise of clean, reliable affordable power, resulting in reduced environmental impacts and reduced dependence on foreign oil. These developments are of particular interest to the people of Alaska, where many residents live in remote villages, with no roads or electrical grids and a very high cost of energy, where small residential power systems could replace diesel generators. Fuel cells require hydrogen for efficient electrical production, however. Hydrogen purchased through conventional compressed gas suppliers is very expensive and not a viable option for use in remote villages, so hydrogen production is a critical piece of making fuel cells work in these areas. While some have proposed generating hydrogen from renewable resources such as wind, this does not appear to be an economically viable alternative at this time. Hydrogen can also be produced from hydrocarbon feed stocks, in a process known as reforming. This program is interested in testing and evaluating currently available reformers using transportable fuels: methanol, propane, gasoline, and diesel fuels. Of these, diesel fuels are of most interest, since the existing energy infrastructure of rural Alaska is based primarily on diesel fuels, but this is also the most difficult fuel to reform, due to the propensity for coke formation, due to both the high vaporization temperature and to the high sulfur content in these fuels. There are several competing fuel cell technologies being developed in industry today. Prior work at UAF focused on the use of PEM fuel cells and diesel reformers, with significant barriers identified to their use for power in remote areas, including stack lifetime, system efficiency, and cost. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells have demonstrated better stack lifetime and efficiency in demonstrations elsewhere (though cost still remains an issue), and procuring a system for testing was pursued. The primary function of UAF in the fuel cell industry is in the role of third party independent testing. In order for tests to be conducted, hardware must be purchased and delivered. The fuel cell industry is still in a pre-commercial state, however. Commercial products are defined as having a fixed set of specifications, fixed price, fixed delivery date, and a warrantee. Negotiations with fuel cell companies over these issues are often complex, and the results of these discussions often reveal much about the state of development of the technology. This work includes some of the results of these procurement experiments. Fuel cells may one day replace heat engines as the source of electrical power in remote areas. However, the results of this program to date indicate that currently available hardware is not developed sufficiently for these environments, and that significant time and resources will need to be committed for this to occur.
Dennis Witmer
NWP Small Business Status through September 2013 TYPE OF September...
234,570.40 3% 8.3% 0.3% Veteran 30 45,365.39 283 4,795,289.39 3% 2.0% 6.9% Service Disabled Veteran 13 (52,419.69) 53 3,195,221.82 3% -2.3% 4.6% 8(a) Small Business 15...
Large-Eddy Simulations of Radiatively Driven Convection: Sensitivities to the Representation of Small Scales
Large-eddy simulations of a smoke cloud are examined with respect to their sensitivity to small scales as manifest in either the grid spacing or the subgrid-scale (SGS) model. Calculations based on a Smagorinsky SGS model are found to be more ...
Bjorn Stevens; Chin-Hoh Moeng; Peter P. Sullivan
Macroscopic quantum-type potentials in scale relativity
We review in this paper the use of the theory of scale relativity and fractal space-time as a tool particularly well adapted to the possible development of a future genuine theoretical systems biology. We emphasize in particular the concept of quantum-type potentials, since in many situations the effect of the fractality of space -- or of the underlying medium -- amounts to the addition of such a potential energy to the classical equations of motion. Various equivalent representations -- geodesic, quantum, fluid mechanical, stochastic -- of these equations are given, as well as several forms of generalized quantum potentials. Examples of their possible intervention in high critical temperature superconductivity and in turbulence are also described, since some biological processes may be analog in some aspects to these physical phenomena. These potential energy extra contributions could have emerged in biology from the very fractal nature of the medium, or from an evolutive advantage, since they involve spontaneous properties of self-organization, morphogenesis structuration and multi-scale integration.
Laurent Nottale
Customer adoption of small-scale on-site power generation
The electricity supply system is undergoing major regulatory and technological change with significant implications for the way in which the sector will operate (including its patterns of carbon emissions) and for the policies required to ensure socially and environmentally desirable outcomes. One such change stems from the rapid emergence of viable small-scale (i.e., smaller than 500 kW) generators that are potentially competitive with grid delivered electricity, especially in combined heat and power configurations. Such distributed energy resources (DER) may be grouped together with loads in microgrids. These clusters could operate semi-autonomously from the established power system, or macrogrid, matching power quality and reliability more closely to local end-use requirements. In order to establish a capability for analyzing the effect that microgrids may have on typical commercial customers, such as office buildings, restaurants, shopping malls, and grocery stores, an economic mod el of DER adoption is being developed at Berkeley Lab. This model endeavors to indicate the optimal quantity and type of small on-site generation technologies that customers could employ given their electricity requirements. For various regulatory schemes and general economic conditions, this analysis produces a simple operating schedule for any installed generators. Early results suggest that many commercial customers can benefit economically from on-site generation, even without considering potential combined heat and power and reliability benefits, even though they are unlikely to disconnect from the established power system.
Siddiqui, Afzal S.; Marnay, Chris; Hamachi, Kristina S.; Rubio, F. Javier
Effects of Net Metering on the Use of Small-Scale Wind Systems in the United States
Factors such as technological advancements, steadily decreasing costs, consumer demand, and state and federal policies are combining to make wind energy the world's fastest growing energy source. State and federal policies are facilitating the growth of the domestic, large-scale wind power market; however, small-scale wind projects (those with a capacity of less than 100 kilowatts[kW]) still face challenges in many states. Net metering, also referred to as net billing, is one particular policy that states are implementing to encourage the use of small renewable energy systems. Net metering allows individual, grid-tied customers who generate electricity using a small renewable energy system to receive credit from their utility for any excess power they generate beyond what they consume. Under most state rules, residential, commercial, and industrial customers are eligible for net metering; however, some states restrict eligibility to particular customer classes. This paper illustrates how net metering programs in certain states vary considerably in terms of how customers are credited for excess power they generate; the type and size of eligible technologies and whether the utility; the state, or some other entity administers the program. This paper focuses on10 particular states where net metering policies are in place. It analyzes how the different versions of these programs affect the use of small-scale wind technologies and whether some versions are more favorable to this technology than others. The choice of citizens in some states to net meter with photovoltaics is also examined.
Forsyth, T. L.; Pedden, M.; Gagliano, T.
In the early universe, energy stored in small-scale density perturbations is quickly dissipated by Silk damping, a process that inevitably generates {mu}- and y-type spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These spectral distortions depend on the shape and amplitude of the primordial power spectrum at wavenumbers k {approx}window functions that account for the effects of thermalization and dissipation physics. We show that COBE/FIRAS places a robust upper limit on the amplitude of the small-scale power spectrum. This limit is about three orders of magnitude stronger than the one derived from primordial black holes in the same scale range. Furthermore, this limit could be improved by another three orders of magnitude with PIXIE, potentially opening up a new window to early universe physics. To illustrate the power of these constraints, we consider several generic models for the small-scale power spectrum predicted by different inflation scenarios, including running-mass inflation models and inflation scenarios with episodes of particle production. PIXIE could place very tight constraints on these scenarios, potentially even ruling out running-mass inflation models if no distortion is detected. We also show that inflation models with sub-Planckian field excursion that generate detectable tensor perturbations should simultaneously produce a large CMB spectral distortion, a link that could potentially be established with PIXIE.
Chluba, Jens; Erickcek, Adrienne L.; Ben-Dayan, Ido, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8 (Canada)
Microsoft Word - Outdoor Small- and Pilot-Scale Research and Development 3768X_final
Outdoor, Small- and Pilot-Scale Research and Development (3768X) Outdoor, Small- and Pilot-Scale Research and Development (3768X) Program or Field Office: Office of Science - ORNL Location(s) (City/County/State): Oak Ridge, Tennessee Proposed Action Description: The U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Site Office (DOE-OSO) proposes to conduct outdoor, small- and pilot-scale research and development activities and associated transfer, lease, disposition or acquisition of interests in personal or real property involving advanced materials, biological and ecological systems, energy science, and national security including but not limited to collecting samples and analyzing ecosystem and atmospheric field data; developing, evaluating and testing equipment, materials and components; and
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION FOR SMALL-SCALE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS USING NANOSCALE MATERIALS, PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY, RICHLAND,WASH[NGTON Proposed Adion: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Pacific Northwest Site Office (PNSO) proposes to conduct indoor small-scale research and development projects and small-scale pilot projects using nanoscale materials. Nanoscale materials are engineered materials consisting of, or containing structures of between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) that make use of properties unique to nanoscale forms of materials. Location of Action: The proposed action would occur on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Site and in the vicinity ofPNNL facilities in the State of Washington. Description of the Proposed Action:
Microsoft Word - Indoor Small- and Pilot-Scale Research and Development 3767X_final
Indoor, Small- and Pilot-Scale Research and Development (3767X) Indoor, Small- and Pilot-Scale Research and Development (3767X) Program or Field Office: Office of Science - ORNL Location(s) (City/County/State): Oak Ridge, Tennessee Proposed Action Description: The U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Site Office (DOE-OSO) proposes to conduct indoor, small- and pilot-scale research and development activities, laboratory operations, and associated transfer, lease, disposition or acquisition of interests in personal or real property involving advanced computing, advanced materials, biological and ecological systems, energy science, manufacturing, nanotechnology, national security, neutron sciences, chemical sciences, and nuclear physics including but not limited to developing, evaluating and testing: materials and their properties; systems; equipment; instrumentation; renewable energy systems; and
The mechanical behavior of materials with small dimension(s) is of both fundamental scientific interest and technological relevance. The size effects and novel properties that arise from changes in deformation mechanism have important implications for modern technologies such as thin films for microelectronics and MEMS devices, thermal and tribological coatings, materials for energy production and advanced batteries, etc. The overarching goal of the 2012 Gordon Research Conference on "Thin Film and Small Scale Mechanical Behavior" is to discuss recent studies and future opportunities regarding elastic, plastic and time-dependent deformation, as well as degradation and failure mechanisms such as fatigue, fracture and wear. Specific topics of interest include, but are not limited to: fundamental studies of physical mechanisms governing small-scale mechanical behavior; advances in test techniques for materials at small length scales, such as nanotribology and high-temperature nanoindentation; in-situ mechanical testing and characterization; nanomechanics of battery materials, such as swelling-induced phenomena and chemomechanical behavior; flexible electronics; mechanical properties of graphene and carbon-based materials; mechanical behavior of small-scale biological structures and biomimetic materials. Both experimental and computational work will be included in the oral and poster presentations at this Conference.
Balk, Thomas
An Experimental Study of Small-Scale Variability of Raindrop Size Distribution
An experimental study of small-scale variability of raindrop size distributions (DSDs) has been carried out at Wallops Island, Virginia. Three Joss�Waldvogel disdrometers were operated at a distance of 0.65, 1.05, and 1.70 km in a nearly straight ...
Ali Tokay; Paul G. Bashor
Environmental impact of small scale pellets boilers in the context of Belgian quality labeling
Environmental impact of small scale pellets boilers in the context of Belgian quality labeling of pellet boilers in standard laboratory and in field conditions. This part had three main targets were identified. Pollutants emissions and efficiency of a multi- fuel boiler was compared
Glineur, François
Molldeing and Simulation of a Small-Scale Wind Turbine Generator in Isolated Distribution Network
In recent years, the wind energy capacity is rapidly increasing in importance as a share of electricity supply on worldwide basis. A small-scale wind turbine generator is usually installed in an isolated distribution network. This paper aims to justzjj ...
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Fall 2011 Small Scale Anaerobic Digestion by PENERGY Solutions
by wood-fired boilers. By generating biogas through anaerobic digestion of swine manure, fuel can: A mechanical anaerobic digester to handle organic farm waste. A complete biogas collection system with hookPENNSTATE Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Fall 2011 Small Scale Anaerobic
Demirel, Melik C.
The UNEP Project CD4CDM BUNDLING SMALL-SCALE CDM PROJECTS
costs and low sales realizations deter project developers from offering Carbon Emission Reductions (CER it hard to bear high up-front costs and risk capital for running projects through the CDM marketThe UNEP Project CD4CDM BUNDLING SMALL-SCALE CDM PROJECTS December, 2004 H V Kumar S V Kulkarni
DESIGN OF SMALL SCALE GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS FOR UNMANNED-AERIAL VEHICLES (AERSP 597/497-K) SPRING 814 865 9871 firstname.lastname@example.com Summary : The proposed course is a three-credit gas turbine design course will be evaluated against (agreed) deadlines by the instructor. A number of lecturers from the gas turbine industry
Camci, Cengiz
A partnership approach for Electronic Data Capture in small-scale clinical trials
Amid researchers' growing need for study data management, the CTSA-funded Institute for Translational Health Sciences developed an approach to combine technical and scientific resources with small-scale clinical trials researchers in order to make Electronic ... Keywords: Biomedical informatics, Clinical trials, Electronic Data Capture
Joshua D. Franklin; Alicia Guidry; James F. Brinkley
An active islanding detection method for small-scale distributed generators
This paper proposes a new islanding detection method for use in a small-scale, grid-interconnected distributed generator system. The proposed islanding detection method is based on voltage fluctuation injection, which can be obtained through high-impedance ... Keywords: correlation factor, distributed generator, islanding detection, voltage fluctuation injection
Wen-Yeau Chang
An Intense Small-Scale Wintertime Vortex in the Midwest United States
An intense small-scale low pressure system that moved across portions of the midwest United States is examined. The system produced a continuous band of significant snowfall, typically only 50 km wide but extending over 1500 km in length. The ...
William A. Gallus Jr.; James F. Bresch
A Simplified Self-Help Approach to Sizing of Small-Scale Cogeneration Systems
The following report is a description of a simplified and a self-help approach to determining the economic feasibility of a small-scale Cogeneration system. It has been compiled for use by the energy managers/physical plant directors of various Texas state agencies, so that an initial screening of the potential candidates for Cogeneration can be made.
Somasundaram, S.; Turner, W. D.
PIV Studies of Large Scale Structures in the Near Field of Small Aspect Ratio Elliptic Jets
The near flow field of small aspect ratio elliptic turbulent free jets (issuing from nozzle and orifice) was experimentally studied using a 2D PIV. Two point velocity correlations in these jets revealed the extent and orientation of the large scale structures ... Keywords: Axis switching, Elliptic jet, PIV, Spatial filtering, Two point correlation
G. Ramesh; L. Venkatakrishnan; A. Prabhu
Use of plastic construction materials in small-scale fuel alcohol production
Several general designs for small-scale fuel alcohol plants that have been published primarily use conventional materials of construction (steel, copper, etc.). A fuel alcohol plant owned by Dixie Fuels, Inc. Valley Park, Mississippi, and a farm-scale alcohol plant being developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority have incorporated plastic materials in several areas of their plants; results have been excellent in terms of reduced materials, labor, and operating costs. However, plastics were not used in the distillation step. This work investigated the suitability of small-scale distillation equipment made entirely or partially from plastics. A low-cost alcohol distillation system can be constructed using chlorinated poly(viny chloride) (CPVC) pipe or poly(vinly chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe for the column and heat-exchanger shells. Although pipe made from CPVC is preferred, schedule 80 PVC pipe can be used if external supports are used to provide rigidity. 3 figures, 1 table. (DP)
Lightsey, G.R.; Kadir, O.
Energy transfers and magnetic energy growth in small-scale dynamo
In this letter we investigate the dynamics of magnetic energy growth in small-scale dynamo by studying energy transfers, mainly energy fluxes and shell-to-shell energy transfers. We perform dynamo simulation for magnetic Prandtl number $\\mathrm{Pm}=20$ on $1024^3$ grid using pseudospectral method. We demonstrate using flux and shell-to-shell energy transfer computations that the magnetic energy growth is caused by nonlocal energy transfers from the large scale velocity field to small scale magnetic field. The energy transfers $U2U$ (velocity to velocity) and $B2B$ (magnetic to magnetic) are forward and local. We also show that the magnetic energy grows exponentially with time, and it tends to have equipartition with kinetic energy.
Kumar, Rohit; Samtaney, Ravi
Integrating Small Scale Distributed Generation into a Deregulated Market: Control Strategies and Price Feedback
Small scale power generating technologies, such as gas turbines, small hydro turbines, photovoltaics, wind turbines and fuel cells, are gradually replacing conventional generating technologies, for various applications, in the electric power system. The industry restructuring process in the United States is exposing the power sector to market forces, which is creating competitive structures for generation and alternative regulatory structures for the transmission and distribution systems. The potentially conflicting economic and technical demands of the new, independent generators introduce a set of significant uncertainties. What balance between market forces and centralized control will be found to coordinate distribution system operations? How will the siting of numerous small scale generators in distribution feeders impact the technical operations and control of the distribution system? Who will provide ancillary services (such as voltage support and spinning reserves) in the new competitive environment? This project investigates both the engineering and market integration of distributed generators into the distribution system. On the technical side, this project investigates the frequency performance of a distribution system that has multiple small scale generators. Using IEEE sample distribution systems and new dynamic generator models, this project develops general methods for
Judith Cardell; Marija Ili?; Richard D. Tabors
The Implications of Carbon Taxation on Microgrid Adoption of Small-Scale On-Site Power Generation Using
LBNL-49309 The Implications of Carbon Taxation on Microgrid Adoption of Small-Scale On-Site Power .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Microgrid Concept
Performance of a small scale boiler burner in the firing of fuel blends
Power plants spend nearly 50 billion dollars a year on fuel cost. Presently coal accounts for over 75% of the electricity generated in this country. Due to increasingly harsh environmental regulations, the demand for low sulfur (S) coal has dramatically increased. This increase in demand is expected to cause the price of coal to rise. Such a senario has caused the utilities to explore the possibilities of supplementing coal with fuel alternatives such as the byproducts of process industries. The supplemental fuel for utilities located near feedlots (e.g. Northwest Texas) happens to be feedlot manure. Feedlot manure is attractive because it is nearly ten times cheaper than coal and is relatively inexpensive to transport. There exists nearly six million head of cattle in Northwest Texas which produce 25,000 tons of manure each day. Feedlot manure presents water and air pollution concerns if not disposed of properly. As such, the feedlot operators are eager to find methods of safely disposing of the feedlot manure. A small scale boiler burner facility has been constructed to simulate a utility class boiler. Experiments were conducted with coal only and then for coal/feedlot manure. Three types of feedlot manure are examined; raw feedlot manure, partially composted feedlot manure, and finished composted feedlot manure. Performance characteristics and emission data were taken for each case. A summary of the results is as follows: (I) sulfur Wyoming coal was fired and a gasification efficiency of 66% was measured. (i I) Emissions measurements were recorded and it was seen that emissions of NO,, and S02 increased as the burnt mass fraction increased. However, all emissions were within NSPS guidelines. (iii) The successful firing of coal and feedlot manure was achieved, a gasification efficiency in the range of 86% was measured, which is higher than 66% obtained when firing coal alone. (iv) When the fuel blend is fully burnt, the NO,, emissions with the blend firing was lower than the firing of coal alone.
Frazzitta, Stephen
Analytic Approaches to the Study of Small Scale Structure on Cosmic String Networks
We present an analytic model specifically designed to address the long standing issue of small scale structure on cosmic string networks. The model is derived from the microscopic string equations, together with a few motivated assumptions. The resulting form of the correlation between two points on a string is exploited to study smoothing by gravitational radiation, loop formation and lensing by cosmic strings. In addition, the properties of the small loop population and the possibility of detecting gravitational waves generated by their lowest harmonics are investigated. Whenever possible, we compare the predictions of the model to the most recent numerical simulations of cosmic string networks.
Jorge V. Rocha
Market Assessment of Biomass Gasification and Combustion Technology for Small- and Medium-Scale Applications
190 190 July 2009 Market Assessment of Biomass Gasification and Combustion Technology for Small- and Medium-Scale Applications David Peterson and Scott Haase National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 Technical Report NREL/TP-7A2-46190 July 2009 Market Assessment of Biomass Gasification and Combustion Technology for Small- and Medium-Scale Applications David Peterson and Scott Haase Prepared under Task No. IGST.9034 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
Small-Scale, Biomass-Fired Gas Turbine Plants Suitable for Distributed and Mobile Power Generation
This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of small-scale, biomass-fired gas turbine plants that use an indirectly-fired gas turbine cycle. Such plants were originally thought to have several advantages for distributed generation, including portability. However, detailed analysis of two designs revealed several problems that would have to be resolved to make the plants feasible and also determined that a steam turbine cycle with the same net output was more economic than the gas turbine cycle. The incre...
Definitive Identification of the Transition between Small- to Large-Scale Clustering for Lyman Break Galaxies
We report angular correlation function (ACF) of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) with unprecedented statistical quality on the basis of 16,920 LBGs at z=4 detected in the 1 deg^2 sky of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. The ACF significantly departs from a power law, and shows an excess on small scale. Particularly, the ACF of LBGs with i'ACF and number density of LBGs can be explained by the cold dark matter model.
M Ouchi; T. Hamana; K. Shimasaku; T. Yamada; M. Akiyama; N. Kashikawa; M. Yoshida; K. Aoki; M. Iye; T. Saito; T. Sasaki; C. Simpson; M. Yoshida
Proceedings of a Topical Meeting On Small Scale Geothermal Power Plants and Geothermal Power Plant Projects
These proceedings describe the workshop of the Topical Meeting on Small Scale Geothermal Power Plants and Geothermal Power Plant Projects. The projects covered include binary power plants, rotary separator, screw expander power plants, modular wellhead power plants, inflow turbines, and the EPRI hybrid power system. Active projects versus geothermal power projects were described. In addition, a simple approach to estimating effects of fluid deliverability on geothermal power cost is described starting on page 119. (DJE-2005)
Summary Report on FY12 Small-Scale Test Activities High Temperature Electrolysis Program
This report provides a description of the apparatus and the single cell testing results performed at Idaho National Laboratory during January�August 2012. It is an addendum to the Small-Scale Test Report issued in January 2012. The primary program objectives during this time period were associated with design, assembly, and operation of two large experiments: a pressurized test, and a 4 kW test. Consequently, the activities described in this report represent a much smaller effort.
James O'Brien
Program on Technology Innovation: Small-Scale Testing of Woody and Herbaceous Biomass -Torrefaction and Pelleting
In fall 2009, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) initiated a project to conduct small-scale testing of biomass torrefaction in order to investigate the feasibility of torrefying and pelleting different woody and herbaceous biomass feedstocks. Testing was done by Integro Earth Fuels, LLC, using a Wyssmont directly heated torrefaction reactor. The results of this research serve as a first step in determining the feasibility of using torrefaction and pelleting to improve the value of different bio...
Manual for development of small scale hydroelectric projects by public entities
This manual is designed to provide guidance to towns, cities, counties and other political subdivisions which are interested in undertaking or participating in small scale hydroelectric (SSH) development within or close to their territorial boundaries. The manual is primarily directed to those political subdivisions which either own or have access to a site, are interested in exploring the prospects for development of the site and do not have longstanding experience in the electric power development. For purposes of this manual a small scale hydroelectric project is a project of 25 to 30 MWs or less and utilizes an existing dam or structure or utilizes the site characteristics of partially breached dams or structures. As the reader will observe from the discussion that follows, several incentives under federal and state law have been implemented which favor small scale hydroelectric development at existing sites. This manual is designed to assist political subdivisions in taking advantage of these incentives and devising strategies for development. The manual will provide information to political subdivisions as to what to expect in the development process and the kinds of informed questions to ask of paid advisers. The manual, however, cannot be and should not be used as a substitute for competent advice and assistance from experienced lawyers, engineers, accountants and financing experts.
Temperature effect on the small-to-large crossover length-scale of hydrophobic hydration
The thermodynamics of hydration changes gradually from entropic for small solutes to enthalpic for large ones. The small-to-large crossover lengthscale of hydrophobic hydration depends on the thermodynamic conditions of the solvent such as temperature, pressure, presence of additives, etc... We attempt to shed some light on the temperature dependence of the crossover lengthscale by using a probabilistic approach to water hydrogen bonding that allows one to obtain an analytic expression for the number of bonds per water molecule as a function of both its distance to a solute and solute radius. Incorporating that approach into the density functional theory, one can examine the solute size effects on its hydration over the entire small-to-large lengthscale range at different temperatures. Knowing the dependence of the hydration free energy on temperature and solute size, one can obtain its enthalpic and entropic contributions as functions of temperature and solute size. These function can provide interesting insight into the temperature dependence of the crossover lengthscale of hydrophobic hydration. The model was applied to the hydration of spherical particles of various radii in water in the temperature range from T=293.15 K to T=333.15 K. The model predictions for the temperature dependence of the hydration free energy of small hydrophobes are consistent with the experimental and simulational data. Three alternative definitions for the small-to-large crossover length-scale of hydrophobic hydration are proposed, and their temperature dependence is obtained. Depending on the definition and temperature, the small-to-large crossover in the hydration mechanism is predicted to occur for hydrophobes of radii from one to several nanometers. Independent of its definition, the crossover length-scale is predicted to decrease with increasing temperature.
Yuri S. Djikaev; Eli Ruckenstein
Comparison of Waste Feed Delivery Small Scale Mixing Demonstration Simulant to Hanford Waste
'The Hanford double-shell tank (DST) system provides the staging location for waste feed delivery to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Hall (2008) includes WTP acceptance criteria that describe physical and chemical characteristics of the waste that must be certified as acceptable before the waste is transferred from the DSTs to the WTP. One of the more challenging requirements relates to the sampling and characterization of the undissolved solids (UDS) in a waste feed DST. The objectives of Washington River Protection Solutions' (WRPS) Small Scale Mixing Demonstration (SSMD) project are to understand and demonstrate the DST sampling and batch transfer performance at multiple scales using slurry simulants comprised of UDS particles and liquid (Townson 2009). The SSMD project utilizes geometrically scaled DST feed tanks to generate mixing, sampling, and transfer test data. In Phase 2 of the testing, RPP-49740, the 5-part simulant defined in RPP-48358 was used as the waste slurry simulant. The Phase 2 test data are being used to estimate the expected performance of the prototypic systems in the full-scale DSTs. As such, understanding of the how the small-scale systems as well as the simulant relate to the full-scale DSTs and actual waste is required. The focus of this report is comparison of the size and density of the 5-part SSMD simulant to that of the Hanford waste. This is accomplished by computing metrics for particle mobilization, suspension, settling, transfer line intake, and pipeline transfer from the characterization of the 5-part SSMD simulant and characterizations of the Hanford waste. In addition, the effects of the suspending fluid characteristics on the test results are considered, and a computational fluid dynamics tool useful to quantify uncertainties from simulant selections is discussed.'
Wells, Beric E.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Rector, David R.
Easing the burden of fixed telephone lines on small-scale entrepreneurs in Nigeria: GSM lines to the rescue
The study reported in this paper investigated the socio-economic characteristics of the adopters of GSM lines and the factors determining the adoption of GSM lines by small-scale entrepreneurs in a major Nigerian city (Ibadan). The results of the study ... Keywords: GSM lines, Nigeria, Small-scale entrepreneurs, Technology adoption
John Olatunji Adeoti; Adetola Ibidunni Adeoti
Characterization of Small Scale Heterogeneity for Prediction of Acid Fracture Performance
Recently developed models of the acid fracturing process have shown that the differential etching necessary to create lasting fracture conductivity is caused by the heterogeneous distributions of permeability and mineralogy along the fracture faces. To predict the conductivity that can be created by acid in a particular formation, the models require information about these formation properties. This research aims to quantify correlation lengths using a geostatistical description of small scale heterogeneity to ascertain the distribution of permeability and mineralogy in a carbonate formation. The correlation length parameters are a first step in being able to couple acid transport and rock dissolution models at reservoir scale with a model of fracture conductivity based on channels and roughness features caused by small scale heterogeneity. Geostatistical parameters of small scale heterogeneity affecting wells in the Hugoton Field are developed. Data leading to their derivation are obtained from a combination of well logs and cores. The permeability of slabbed core is measured to yield vertical correlation length. Well logs are used to estimate permeability via an empirical relationship between core plug permeability and well log data for calculation of horizontal correlation length. A fracture simulator computes the acid etched fracture width for known treatment conditions. The resulting geostatistical parameters and acid etched width are used to predict acid fracture performance for a well in the Hugoton Field. Application of new model conductivity correlations results in a unique prediction for the acid fracture case study that differs from the industry standard. Improvements in low cost stimulation treatments such as acid fracturing are the key to revitalizing production in mature carbonate reservoirs like the Hugoton Field. Planning and development of new wells in any carbonate formation necessarily must consider acid fracturing as a production stimulation technique. Reliable models that accurately predict acid fracture conductivity can be used to make an informed investment decision.
Beatty, Cassandra Vonne
Small-Scale Motions Observed by Aircraft in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere: Evidence for Mixing and its Relationship to Large-Scale Flows
Measurments of temperature and ozone from instrumental aircraft in the tropical lower stratosphere show the presence of small-scale disturbances generated by 1) underlying cumulus convection and 2) Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The disturbances ...
Leonhard Pfister; Walter Starr; Roger Craig; Max Loewenstein; Marion Legg
Analysis of environmental issues related to small-scale hydroelectric development. III. Water level fluctuation
Potential environmental impacts in reservoirs and downstream river reaches below dams that may be caused by the water level fluctuation resulting from development and operation of small scale (under 25MW) hydroelectric projects are identified. The impacts discussed will be of potential concern at only those small-scale hydroelectric projects that are operated in a store and release (peaking) mode. Potential impacts on physical and chemical characteristics in reservoirs resulting from water level fluctuation include resuspension and redistribution of bank and bed sediment; leaching of soluble organic matter from sediment in the littoral zone; and changes in water quality resulting from changes in sediment and nutrient trap efficiency. Potential impacts on reservoir biota as a result of water level fluctuation include habitat destruction and the resulting partial or total loss of aquatic species; changes in habitat quality, which result in reduced standing crop and production of aquatic biota; and possible shifts in species diversity. The potential physical effects of water level fluctuation on downstream systems below dams are streambed and bank erosion and water quality problems related to resuspension and redistribution of these materials. Potential biological impacts of water level fluctuation on downstream systems below dams result from changes in current velocity, habitat reduction, and alteration in food supply. These alterations, either singly or in combination, can adversely affect aquatic populations below dams. The nature and potential significance of adverse impacts resulting from water level fluctuation are discussed. Recommendations for site-specific evaluation of water level fluctuation at small-scale hydroelectric projects are presented.
Hildebrand, S.G. (ed.)
Small-scale anisotropy and intermittency in high and low-latitude solar wind
We analyze low and high--latitude fast solar wind data from the Ulysses spacecraft from 1992 to 1994 using a a systematic method to analyse the anisotropic content of the magnetic field fluctuations. We investigate all available frequencies, 1-10^{-6} Hz, for both high and low--latitudes datasets and are able to quantify the relative importance of the anisotropic versus the isotropic fluctuations. We analyse, up to sixth order, longitudinal, transverse and mixed magnetic field correlations. Our results show that strongly intermittent and anisotropic events are present in the solar wind plasma at high frequencies/small scales, indicating the absence of a complete recovery of isotropy. Anisotropic scaling properties are compatible for high and low--latitude data, suggesting a universal behaviour in spite of the different rate of evolution of the fast solar wind streams in the two environments.
A. Bigazzi; L. Biferale; S. M. A. Gama; M. Velli
Investment Timing and Capacity Choice for Small-Scale Wind PowerUnder Uncertainty
This paper presents a method for evaluation of investments in small-scale wind power under uncertainty. It is assumed that the price of electricity is uncertain and that an owner of a property with wind resources has a deferrable opportunity to invest in one wind power turbine within a capacity range. The model evaluates investment in a set of projects with different capacity. It is assumed that the owner substitutes own electricity load with electricity from the wind mill and sells excess electricity back to the grid on an hourly basis. The problem for the owner is to find the price levels at which it is optimal to invest, and in which capacity to invest. The results suggests it is optimal to wait for significantly higher prices than the net present value break-even. Optimal scale and timing depend on the expected price growth rate and the uncertainty in the future prices.
Bigazzi, A; Gama, S M A; Velli, M
Analysis of Two Biomass Gasification/Fuel Cell Scenarios for Small-Scale Power Generation
Two scenarios were examined for small-scale electricity production from biomass using a gasifier/fuel cell system. In one case, a stand-alone BCL/FERC gasifier is used to produce synthesis gas that is reformed and distributed through a pipeline network to individual phosphoric acid fuel cells. In the second design, the gasifier is integrated with a molten carbonate fuel cell stack and a steam bottoming cycle. In both cases, the gasifiers are fed the same amount of material, with the integrated system producing 4 MW of electricity, and the stand-alone design generating 2 MW of electricity.
Amos, W. A.
(A small-scale study of Rocky Flats uncalcined incinerator ash dissolution and filtrate anion exchange)
Small scale experimentation was conducted with incinerator ash in the nitric/hydrofluoric acid cascade dissolver and the anion exchange systems at Rocky Flats and Los Alamos National Laboratories for the purpose of determining the following: to determine the relationship between calcium fluoride dissolution feed levels and plutonium dissolution yields. To determine the relationship between calcium fluoride feed levels to dissolution, and the performance of anion exchange when processing dissolution filtrate. To determine the effect of carbonaceous materials on the dissolution and anion exchange when recovering plutonium from incinerator ash.
Fuel from farms: a guide to small-scale ethanol production
A guide on fermentation processes with emphasis on small-scale production of ethanol using farm crops as a source of raw material is published. The current status of on-farm ethanol production as well as an overview of some of the technical and economic factors is presented. Decision and planning worksheets and a sample business plan for use in decision making are included. Specifics in production including information on the raw materials, system components, and operational requirements are also provided. Diagrams of fermentors and distilling apparatus are included. (DC)
This report provides a market assessment of gasification and direct combustion technologies that use wood and agricultural resources to generate heat, power, or combined heat and power (CHP) for small- to medium-scale applications. It contains a brief overview of wood and agricultural resources in the U.S.; a description and discussion of gasification and combustion conversion technologies that utilize solid biomass to generate heat, power, and CHP; an assessment of the commercial status of gasification and combustion technologies; a summary of gasification and combustion system economics; a discussion of the market potential for small- to medium-scale gasification and combustion systems; and an inventory of direct combustion system suppliers and gasification technology companies. The report indicates that while direct combustion and close-coupled gasification boiler systems used to generate heat, power, or CHP are commercially available from a number of manufacturers, two-stage gasification systems are largely in development, with a number of technologies currently in demonstration. The report also cites the need for a searchable, comprehensive database of operating combustion and gasification systems that generate heat, power, or CHP built in the U.S., as well as a national assessment of the market potential for the systems.
Peterson, D.; Haase, S.
Small scale ethanol production: design manual. [10 to 15 gallons per hour
The purpose of the project was to design, fabricate, and evaluate a small scale continuous ethanol plant. The scope of the study was to satisfy four specific objectives. The first objective was to design a small scale continuous distillation unit capable of producing 10 to 15 gallons per hour of 170 to 190 proof ethanol. A second objective was to economically fabricate the distillation unit. A third objective was to thoroughly evaluate the unit with emphasis on production potential, operation considerations, and energy balance. The fourth objective was to work with the Farm Bureau in identifying an organization that would place the unit in a production environment. The results of the study indicate that the distillation unit is capable of producing and average of 9 to 14 gallons per hour (based on alcohol percent in beer) of 174 proof ethanol. The energy ratio for distillation is a positive 3:1. Once the unit has reached steady state very little operator attention is required with the exception of periodically refluxing. Material cost of the plate column is approximately $5000. The unit could be built by an individual provided he is trained in welding and has the necessary shop equipment. 39 figures, 12 tables.
Adcock, L.E. II; Eley, M.H.; Schroer, B.J.
A case study of symmetric instability in the presence of a small-scale cyclone
The case study presented here examines the role of conditional symmetric instability (CSI) in the formation of a meso(x scale (100 km wide) wintertime rainband. The rainband of interest occurred on January 19, 1986, during the first observing period of the GALE (Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment) project. The rainband developed in a region of large-scale southerly flow 500 km ahead of a synoptic-scale cold front and was associated with a small-scale cyclogenesis event along the Eastern Coast of the U. S, Doppler data from the CP-4 radar at Cape Hatteras were obtained for a twelve hour period encompassing the rainband to investigate the temporal evolution of the band. The main objective of this study is to further understanding of mesoscale flow associated with slantwise convection. Also noteworthy in this case study are along-band variations of dry inflow and embedded convection. A synthetic dual-Doppler technique was applied to the Doppler data from the Cape Hatteras CP-4 and has allowed the determination of mesoscale flow characteristics which are associated with slantwise convection in the absence of frontal forcing. In particular the evolution of slantwise updrafts and downdrafts which produce a roll-like structure is presented. It was found that the slope of the mid and upper-level slantwise flow was very near that of temperature and absolute consistent with present CSI the surfaces of equivalent potential temperature and absolute momentum. This observation is consistent with present CSI theory. Also consistent with CSI theory was the persistence of moist slantwise neutrality on the time scale of hours.
Wood, Lance Thomas
Summary of Large-and Small-Scale Unreinforced Masonry Test Program
A five-year, large- and small-scale, static and dynamic experimental research program, in which more than 700 tests were conducted, has demonstrated that unreinforced masonry infills are more ductile and resist lateral loads more effectively than anticipated by conventional code procedures. The tests were conducted both in the laboratory and on existing structures at the Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Complex. The experimental data indicate that the combination of a steel frame and infill material efficiently resists lateral loads--the infilling provides significant lateral stiffness while the surrounding frame adds ductility and confinement to the overall system. The results from approximately 25 moderate- and full-scale tests on infills showed that with simulated seismic loads, the frames confined the masonry, and the load-carrying capacity of the infill was considerably above the load that caused initial cracking. This finding was a significant departure from classical code approaches that assumed first cracking to be failure of an unreinforced masonry wall. The experimental program, performed for the US Department of Energy, consisted of the following large-scale tests on infills: in situ airbag pressure testing, shake-table tests, and the application of quasi-static in-plane and out-of-plane drift loads. This paper provides a summary of the overall experimental methodology and results.
Fricke, K.E.
The Structure, Dynamics, and Origin of a Small-Scale Lens of Water in the Western North Atlantic Thermocline
A small-scale, isolated, anticyclonically rotating lens of water was observed in the western North Atlantic thermocline during the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment. Using a combination of SOFAR float, hydrographic, nutrient, and moored current ...
Stephen C. Riser; W. Brechner Owens; H. Thomas Rossby; Curtis C. Ebbesmeyer
Small-scale Facilities for Gas Clean Up and Carbon Capture Research
Henry W. Pennline Henry W. Pennline Chemical Engineer National Energy Technology Laboratory 626 Cochrans Mill Road P.O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940 412-386-6013 email@example.com Diane (DeeDee) Newlon Technology Transfer Manager National Energy Technology Laboratory 3610 Collins Ferry Road P.O. Box 880 Morgantown, WV 26507 304-285-4086 email@example.com Small-Scale FacilitieS For GaS clean Up and carbon captUre reSearch Capabilities The Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is conducting research on the cleanup of gas produced either by the combustion or gasification of fossil fuels. This effort directly supports the goal of various DOE technology programs (i.e., Carbon Sequestration, Gasification, etc.) to ensure the continued utilization of coal in an environmentally and economically
Small-Scale High Temperature Melter-1 (SSHTM-1) Data Package
This data package, milestone C95-02.02Y, provides a brief observation and operation report on available data for the Small-Scale High Temperature Melter-1 (SSHTM-1) feed preparation activities. The test was conducted in two melter feed batch segments prepared from two different feed preparation flowsheets. Testing primarily addressed feed preparation alternate flowsheet options tested in the laboratory to mitigate potential safety issues related to generation of hydrogen and ammonia, to produce acceptable melter feed rheological properties, to maximize total waste oxide loading in the glass, to simplify the vitrification flowsheet, and to increase vitrification flowsheet processing rate. The two flowsheets selected for testing were (1) no reductant addition and titration with HNO{sub 3} to provide an acceptable melter feed rheology near the target oxide loading (Alternate HTM Flowsheet 1), and (2) titration with glycolic acid, an alternate reductant to HCOOH (Alternate HTM Flowsheet 2).
Smith, G.L.; Smith, H.D.; Tracy, E.M.; Myers, R.L.; sills, J.A.; Fisher, D.L.; Wiemers, K.D.
Radiological assessment of the decontamination and decommissioning of a small-scale fuel-reprocessing plant
Decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) of surplus radiological facilities is becoming a major concern as buildings built during the 1940's and 1950's reach the end of their useful lives. Prior to the start of a D and D project, a detailed radiological characterization of the facility is required to determine the nature and extent of residual contamination. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has recently begun such a characterization of Building 3505, originally called the Metal Recovery Facility, which served as a small-scale fuel reprocessing plant during the 1950's. Extensive contamination remains within areas of the facility, including transuranic (TRU) materials. Laboratory analyses were used in conjunction with in situ measurements of dose rate and contamination levels to determine the current status of the building and surrounding area. This information will be used to estimate the amount of decontamination required and the quantity of radioactive waste.
Simpson, D.R.; Emery, J.F.
Small scale ethanol production demonstration: comparison of packed versus plate rectifying column
The Johnson Environmental and Energy Center with assistance from the Madison County Farm Bureau Association received a grant in 1980 from the US Department of Energy to design, fabricate, and evaluate a small scale continuous ethanol plant. In 1981, the Center received a second DOE grant to compare the economics of replacing the plate rectifying column in the initial unit with a packed rectifying column. The results of the study indicate that the distillation unit with the packed rectifying column is capable of producing 14 gallons per hour of 170 proof ethanol. The energy ratio for distillation was a positive 2:1. Cost of the packed column was considerably less than the plate column. 1 reference, 19 figures, 9 tables.
Adcock, II, L E; Eley, M H; Schroer, B J
The Hanford double-shell tank (DST) system provides the staging location for waste that will be transferred to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Specific WTP acceptance criteria for waste feed delivery describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste that must be met before the waste is transferred from the DSTs to the WTP. One of the more challenging requirements relates to the sampling and characterization of the undissolved solids (UDS) in a waste feed DST because the waste contains solid particles that settle and their concentration and relative proportion can change during the transfer of the waste in individual batches. A key uncertainty in the waste feed delivery system is the potential variation in UDS transferred in individual batches in comparison to an initial sample used for evaluating the acceptance criteria. To address this uncertainty, a number of small-scale mixing tests have been conducted as part of Washington River Protection Solutions' Small Scale Mixing Demonstration (SSMD) project to determine the performance of the DST mixing and sampling systems. A series of these tests have used a five-part simulant composed of particles of different size and density and designed to be equal or more challenging than AY-102 waste. This five-part simulant, however, has not been compared with the broad range of Hanford waste, and thus there is an additional uncertainty that this simulant may not be as challenging as the most difficult Hanford waste. The purpose of this study is to quantify how the current five-part simulant compares to all of the Hanford sludge waste, and to suggest alternate simulants that could be tested to reduce the uncertainty in applying the current testing results to potentially more challenging wastes.
Assistance in MSD Research and Development: Part 1, Small scale research, development and testing: Final report
The development and testing of a simple mechanical stemming aid is described. The aid comprises a solid unit placed in the stemming above the explosive column and is designed to improve blasting efficiency and reduce drilling and blasting costs. It is designed to work with back filled drill cuttings or any other suitable stemming material. To date it has consisted of the testing of the aid in small diameter (1.5 and 1.625 inch) holes in Jefferson City Dolomite for both bench and crater blasting configurations. Full scale field trials are being conducted nearby in similar rock in an aggregate quarry. The data acquisition equipment used in Phase 1 included both a Spin Physics SP2000 high speed video motion analysis system and acoustic and seismic monitoring units. Measurements for each test included peak air over pressure, ground surface ppv, stemming displacement and velocity and face movement and extent. The results illustrate that the concept is sound and that its successful application to production blasting at full scale will be a function of manufacturing cost, the development of suitable insertion techniques for large diameter boreholes and the selection of a suitable low cost material for the aid. 17 refs., 20 figs.
Worsey, P.N.; Canon, C.
Calibration of Chemical Kinetic Models Using Simulations of Small-Scale Cookoff Experiments
Establishing safe handling limits for explosives in elevated temperature environments is a difficult problem that often requires extensive simulation. The largest influence on predicting thermal cookoff safety lies in the chemical kinetic model used in these simulations, and these kinetic model reaction sequences often contain multiple steps. Several small-scale cookoff experiments, notably Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), One-Dimensional Time-to-Explosion (ODTX), and the Scaled Thermal Explosion (STEX) have been performed on various explosives to aid in cookoff behavior determination. Past work has used a single test from this group to create a cookoff model, which does not guarantee agreement with the other experiments. In this study, we update the kinetic parameters of an existing model for the common explosive 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) using DSC and ODTX experimental data at the same time by minimizing a global Figure of Merit based on hydrodynamic simulated data. We then show that the new kinetic model maintains STEX agreement, reduces DSC agreement, and improves ODTX and TGA agreement when compared to the original model. In addition, we describe a means to use implicit hydrodynamic simulations of DSC experiments to develop a reaction model for TNT melting.
Wemhoff, A P; Becker, R C; Burnham, A K
The implications of carbon taxation on microgrid adoption of small-scale on-site power generation using a multi-criteria approach
of Carbon Taxation on Microgrid Adoption of Small-Scale On-1 Microgridopen market. iv Introduction Microgrid Concept The analysis
Siddiqui, Afzal S.; de Almeida, Anibal T.; Marnay, Chris; Rubio, F. Javier
Atomistic modeling of nanowires, small-scale fatigue damage in cast magnesium, and materials for MEMS.
Lightweight and miniaturized weapon systems are driving the use of new materials in design such as microscale materials and ultra low-density metallic materials. Reliable design of future weapon components and systems demands a thorough understanding of the deformation modes in these materials that comprise the components and a robust methodology to predict their performance during service or storage. Traditional continuum models of material deformation and failure are not easily extended to these new materials unless microstructural characteristics are included in the formulation. For example, in LIGA Ni and Al-Si thin films, the physical size is on the order of microns, a scale approaching key microstructural features. For a new potential structural material, cast Mg offers a high stiffness-to-weight ratio, but the microstructural heterogeneity at various scales requires a structure-property continuum model. Processes occurring at the nanoscale and microscale develop certain structures that drive material behavior. The objective of the work presented in this report was to understand material characteristics in relation to mechanical properties at the nanoscale and microscale in these promising new material systems. Research was conducted primarily at the University of Colorado at Boulder to employ tightly coupled experimentation and simulation to study damage at various material size scales under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. Experimental characterization of nano/micro damage will be accomplished by novel techniques such as in-situ environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), 1 MeV transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). New simulations to support experimental efforts will include modified embedded atom method (MEAM) atomistic simulations at the nanoscale and single crystal micromechanical finite element simulations. This report summarizes the major research and development accomplishments for the LDRD project titled 'Atomistic Modeling of Nanowires, Small-scale Fatigue Damage in Cast Magnesium, and Materials for MEMS'. This project supported a strategic partnership between Sandia National Laboratories and the University of Colorado at Boulder by providing funding for the lead author, Ken Gall, and his students, while he was a member of the University of Colorado faculty.
Dunn, Martin L. (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO); Talmage, Mellisa J. (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO); McDowell, David L., 1956- (,-Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA); West, Neil (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO); Gullett, Philip Michael (Mississippi State University , MS); Miller, David C. (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO); Spark, Kevin (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO); Diao, Jiankuai (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO); Horstemeyer, Mark F. (Mississippi State University , MS); Zimmerman, Jonathan A.; Gall, K (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA)
Small Scale SOFC Demonstration Using Bio-Based and Fossil Fuels
Technology Management, Inc. (TMI) of Cleveland, Ohio, has completed the project entitled �??Small Scale SOFC Demonstration using Bio-based and Fossil Fuels.�?� Under this program, two 1-kW systems were engineered as technology demonstrators of an advanced technology that can operate on either traditional hydrocarbon fuels or renewable biofuels. The systems were demonstrated at Patterson's Fruit Farm of Chesterland, OH and were open to the public during the first quarter of 2012. As a result of the demonstration, TMI received quantitative feedback on operation of the systems as well as qualitative assessments from customers. Based on the test results, TMI believes that > 30% net electrical efficiency at 1 kW on both traditional and renewable fuels with a reasonable entry price is obtainable. The demonstration and analysis provide the confidence that a 1 kW entry-level system offers a viable value proposition, but additional modifications are warranted to reduce sound and increase reliability before full commercial acceptance.
Michael Petrik; Robert Ruhl
Department of Energy Small-Scale Hydropower Program: Feasibility assessment and technology development summary report
This report summarizes two subprograms under the US Department of Energy's Small-Scale Hydroelectric Power Program. These subprograms were part of the financial assistance activities and included the Program Research and Development Announcement (PRDA) feasibility assessments and the technology development projects. The other major subprograms included engineering research and development, legal and institutional aspects, and technology transfer. These other subprograms are covered in their respective summary reports. The problems of energy availability and increasing costs of energy led to a national effort to develop economical and environmental attractive alternative energy resources. One such alternative involved the utilization of existing dams with hydraulic heads of <65 ft and the capacity to generate hydroelectric power of 15 MW or less. Thus, the PRDA program was initiated along with the Technology Development program. The purpose of the PRDA feasibility studies was to encourage development of renewable hydroelectric resources by providing engineering, economic, environmental, safety, and institutional information. Fifty-five feasibility studies were completed under the PRDA. This report briefly summarizes each of those projects. Many of the PRDA projects went on to become technology development projects. 56 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Rinehart, B.N.
This report summarizes two subprograms under the US Department of Energy's Small-Scale Hydroelectric Power Program. These subprograms were part of the financial assistance activities and included the Program Research and Development Announcement (PRDA) feasibility assessments and the technology development projects. The other major subprograms included engineering research and development, legal and institutional aspects, and technology transfer. These other subprograms are covered in their respective summary reports. The problems of energy availability and increasing costs of energy led to a national effort to develop economical and environmental attractive alternative energy resources. One such alternative involved the utilization of existing dams with hydraulic heads of hydroelectric power of 15 MW or less. Thus, the PRDA program was initiated along with the Technology Development program. The purpose of the PRDA feasibility studies was to encourage development of renewable hydroelectric resources by providing engineering, economic, environmental, safety, and institutional information. Fifty-five feasibility studies were completed under the PRDA. This report briefly summarizes each of those projects. Many of the PRDA projects went on to become technology development projects. 56 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Non-linear numerical simulations of magneto-acoustic wave propagation in small-scale flux tubes
We present results of non-linear, 2D, numerical simulations of magneto-acoustic wave propagation in the photosphere and chromosphere of small-scale flux tubes with internal structure. Waves with realistic periods of three to five minutes are studied, after applying horizontal and vertical oscillatory perturbations to the equilibrium model. Spurious reflections of shock waves from the upper boundary are minimized thanks to a special boundary condition. This has allowed us to increase the duration of the simulations and to make it long enough to perform a statistical analysis of oscillations. The simulations show that deep horizontal motions of the flux tube generate a slow (magnetic) mode and a surface mode. These modes are efficiently transformed into a slow (acoustic) mode in the vA < cS atmosphere. The slow (acoustic) mode propagates vertically along the field lines, forms shocks and remains always within the flux tube. It might deposit effectively the energy of the driver into the chromosphere. When the driver oscillates with a high frequency, above the cut-off, non-linear wave propagation occurs with the same dominant driver period at all heights. At low frequencies, below the cut-off, the dominant period of oscillations changes with height from that of the driver in the photosphere to its first harmonic (half period) in the chromosphere. Depending on the period and on the type of the driver, different shock patterns are observed.
E. Khomenko; M. Collados; T. Felipe
Sk 183 is the visually brightest star in the N90 nebula, a young star-forming region in the Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We present new optical spectroscopy from the Very Large Telescope which reveals Sk 183 to be one of the most massive O-type stars in the SMC. Classified as an O3-type dwarf on the basis of its nitrogen spectrum, the star also displays broadened He I absorption, which suggests a later type. We propose that Sk 183 has a composite spectrum and that it is similar to another star in the SMC, MPG 324. This brings the number of rare O2- and O3-type stars known in the whole of the SMC to a mere four. We estimate physical parameters for Sk 183 from analysis of its spectrum. For a single-star model, we estimate an effective temperature of 46 {+-} 2 kK, a low mass-loss rate of {approx}10{sup -7} M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1}, and a spectroscopic mass of 46{sup +9}{sub -8} M{sub Sun} (for an adopted distance modulus of 18.7 mag to the young population in the SMC Wing). An illustrative binary model requires a slightly hotter temperature ({approx}47.5 kK) for the primary component. In either scenario, Sk 183 is the earliest-type star known in N90 and will therefore be the dominant source of hydrogen-ionizing photons. This suggests Sk 183 is the primary influence on the star formation along the inner edge of the nebula.
Evans, C. J. [UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ (United Kingdom); Hainich, R.; Oskinova, L. M.; Hamann, W.-R.; Todt, H. [Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam (Germany); Gallagher III, J. S. [Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5534 Sterling, 475 North Charter St., Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Chu, Y.-H.; Gruendl, R. A. [Astronomy Department, University of Illinois, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States); Henault-Brunet, V. [Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ (United Kingdom)
Limitations for detecting small-scale faults using the coherency analysis of seismic data
Coherency analyzes the trace to trace amplitude similarities recorded by seismic waves. Coherency algorithms have been used to identify the structural or stratigraphic features of an area but the limitations for detecting small-scale features are not known. These limitations become extremely important when interpreting coherency within poorly acquired or processed data sets. In order to obtain a better understanding of the coherency limitations, various synthetic seismic data sets were created. The sensitivity of the coherency algorithms to variations in wave frequency, signal-to-noise ratio and fault throw was investigated. Correlation between the coherency values of a faulted reflector and the known offset shows that coherency has the ability to detect the presence of various scale features that may be previously thought to be below seismic resolution or difficult to discriminate with conventional interpretation methods. Coherency values had a smaller standard deviation and were less sensitive to noise when processed with a temporal window length less than one period. A fault could be detected by coherency when the signal-to-noise ratio was >3. A fault could also be detected as long as the throw-to-wavelength ratio was >5% or two-way traveltime-toperiod >10%. Therefore, this study suggests that coherency has the ability to detect a fault as long as the frequency of the data imaging that fault has a period no greater than one order of magnitude to the traveltime through the fault and that the signal can easily be distinguished from noise. Results from application of the coherency analysis were applied to the characterization of a very deep fault and fracture system imaged by a field seismic data set. A series of reverse and strike-slip faults were detected and mapped. Magnitudes of the throws for these faults were not known, but subtle amplitude anomalies in seismic sections confirmed the coherency analysis. The results of this study suggest that coherency has demonstrated an ability to detect features that would normally beoverlooked using traditional interpretation methods and has many future implications for poorly imaged seismic areas, such as sub-salt.
Barnett, David Benjamin
Lidar-Based Estimation of Small-Scale Rainfall: Empirical Evidence
A significant scale gap between radar and in situ measurements of rainfall using rain gauges and disdrometers indicates a pressing need for improved knowledge of rainfall variability at the spatial scales below those of today�s operational radar ...
Piotr A. Lewandowski; William E. Eichinger; Anton Kruger; Witold F. Krajewski
Analysis of environmental issues related to small scale hydroelectric development. II. Design considerations for passing fish upstream around dams. Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 1567
The possible requirement of facilities to move migrating fish upstream around dams may be a factor in determining the feasibility of retrofitting small dams for hydroelectric generation. Basic design considerations are reported that should be evaluated on a site-specific basis if upstream fish passage facilities are being considered for a small scale hydroelectric project (defined as an existing dam that can be retrofitted to generate 25 MW or less). Information on general life history and geographic distribution of fish species that may require passage is presented. Biological factors important in the design of upstream passage facilities are discussed: gas bubble disease, fish swimming speed, oxygen consumption by fish, and diel and photo behavior. Three general types of facilities (fishways, fish locks, and fish lifts) appropriate for upstream fish passage at small scale hydroelectric projects are described, and size dimensions are presented. General design criteria for these facilities (including fish swimming ability and behavior) and general location of facilities at a site are discussed. Basic cost considerations for each type of passage facility, including unit cost, operation and maintenance costs, and costs for supplying attraction water, are indicated.
Energy Policy 35 (2007) 43914401 Evaluating the potential of small-scale renewable energy options to meet
the existence of a sizeable market potential for stand-alone renewable energy systems in Western ChinaEnergy Policy 35 (2007) 43914401 Evaluating the potential of small-scale renewable energy options to meet rural livelihoods needs: A GIS- and lifecycle cost-based assessment of Western China's options
Delaware, University of
Optimization of renewable power system for small scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination unit in Mrair-Gabis village, Libya
Potential of renewable power system for small scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination unit in Mrair-Gabis village, Libya is evaluated. HOMER optimization model is used to evaluate the different possible configuration options for supplying the electrical ... Keywords: HOMER, Mrair-Gabis-Libya, power system, reverse osmosis seawater desalination
Kh. Abulqasem; M. A. Alghoul; M. N. Mohammed; Alshrif. Mustafa; Kh. Glaisa; Nowshad. Amin; A. Zaharim; K. Sopian
Renewable Generation, Distributed Generation, Risk Analysis,both central and distributed generation is needed. Small-Among proponents of distributed generation there is a desire
Towards an understanding of phosphate ?18O in the bones and scales of small pelagic fish
a local scale. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience sectionisotope analysis of phosphates: a comparison of techniques for analysis of Ag3PO4. Chemical Geology
Lambert, Timothy David
Small scale heater tests in argillite of the Eleana Formation at the Nevada Test Site
Near-surface heater tests were run in the Eleana Formation at the Nevada Test Site, in an effort to evaluate argillaceous rock for nuclear waste storage. The main test, which employed a full-scale heater with a thermal output approximating commercial borosilicate waste, was designed to operate for several months. Two smaller, scaled tests were run prior to the full-scale test. This report develops the thermal scaling laws, describes the pretest thermal and thermomechanical analysis conducted for these two tests, and discusses the material properties data used in the analyses. In the first test, scaled to a large heater of 3.5 kW power, computed heater temperatures were within 7% of measured values for the entire 96-hour test run. The second test, scaled to a large heater having 5.0 kW power, experienced periodic water in-flow onto the heater, which tended to damp the temperature. For the second test, the computed temperatures were within 7% of measured for the first 20 hours. After this time, the water effect became significant and the measured temperatures were 15 to 20% below those predicted. On the second test, rock surface spallation was noted in the bore hole above the heater, as predicted. The scaled tests indicated that in-situ argillite would not undergo major thermostructural failure during the follow-on, 3.5 kW, full-scale test. 24 figures, 6 tables.
McVey, D.F.; Thomas, R.K.; Lappin, A.R.
Technology demonstration for reducing mercury emissions from small-scale gold refining facilities.
Gold that is brought from artisanal and small-scale gold mining areas to gold shops for processing and sale typically contains 5-40% mercury. The uncontrolled removal of the residual mercury in gold shops by using high-temperature evaporation can be a significant source of mercury emissions in urban areas where the shops are located. Emissions from gold shop hoods during a burn can exceed 1,000 mg/m{sup 3}. Because the saturation concentration of mercury vapor at operating temperatures at the hood exhaust is less than 100 mg/m{sup 3}, the dominant component of the exhaust is in the form of aerosol or liquid particles. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with technical support from Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne), has completed a project to design and test a technology to remove the dominant aerosol component in the emissions from gold shops. The objective was to demonstrate a technology that could be manufactured at low cost and by using locally available materials and manufacturing capabilities. Six prototypes designed by Argonne were locally manufactured, installed, and tested in gold shops in Itaituba and Creporizao, Brazil. The initial prototype design incorporated a pebble bed as the media for collecting the mercury aerosols, and a mercury collection efficiency of over 90% was demonstrated. Though achieving high efficiencies, the initial prototype was determined to have practical disadvantages such as excessive weight, a somewhat complex construction, and high costs (>US$1,000). To further simplify the construction, operation, and associated costs, a second prototype design was developed in which the pebble bed was replaced with slotted steel baffle plates. The system was designed to have flexibility for installation in various hood configurations. The second prototype with the baffle plate design was installed and tested in several different hood/exhaust systems to determine the optimal installation configuration. The significance of coagulation and collection of the mercury aerosols in exhaust ducts, which is dependent on the hood and collector configuration, was also evaluated. Prototype demonstration tests verified the theoretical basis for mercury aerosol capture that can be used to optimize the baffle plate design, flow rates, and hood exhaust ducts and plenum to achieve 80% or higher removal efficiencies. Results indicated that installation configuration significantly influences a system's capture efficiency. Configurations that retained existing inlet ducts resulted in system efficiencies of more than 80%, whereas installation configurations without inlet ducts significantly reduced capture efficiency. As an alternative to increasing the volume of inlet ducts, the number of baffle plates in the system baffle assembly could be doubled to increase efficiency. Recommended installation and operation procedures were developed on the basis of these results. A water-based mercury capture system developed in Indonesia for installation in smaller shops was also tested and shown to be effective for certain applications. The cost of construction and installation of the baffle plate prototype was approximately US$400. These costs were reported as acceptable by local gold shop owners and government regulators, and were significantly lower than the cost of an alternate charcoal/copper mesh mercury filter available in the region, which costs about US$10,000. A sampling procedure that consists of a particle filter combined with a vapor analyzer was demonstrated as an effective procedure for analyzing both the aerosol and vapor components of the mercury concentrations. Two key findings for enhancing higher mercury collection were identified. First, the aerosol/vapor mercury emissions must be given sufficient time for the mercury particles to coagulate to a size that can be readily captured by the baffle plates. An interval of at least 6 seconds of transit time between the point of evaporation and contact with the slotted baffle plates is recommended. Some particles will also deposit in the exhaust ducts
Habegger, L. J.; Fernandez, L. E.; Engle, M.; Bailey, J. L.; Peterson, D. P.; MacDonell, M. M.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Selection and Characterization of Carbon Black and Surfactants for Development of Small Scale Uranium Oxicarbide Kernels
This report supports the effort for development of small scale fabrication of UCO (a mixture of UO{sub 2} and UC{sub 2}) fuel kernels for the generation IV high temperature gas reactor program. In particular, it is focused on optimization of dispersion conditions of carbon black in the broths from which carbon-containing (UO{sub 2} {center_dot} H{sub 2}O + C) gel spheres are prepared by internal gelation. The broth results from mixing a hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and urea solution with an acid-deficient uranyl nitrate (ADUN) solution. Carbon black, which is previously added to one or other of the components, must stay dispersed during gelation. The report provides a detailed description of characterization efforts and results, aimed at identification and testing carbon black and surfactant combinations that would produce stable dispersions, with carbon particle sizes below 1 {micro}m, in aqueous HMTA/urea and ADUN solutions. A battery of characterization methods was used to identify the properties affecting the water dispersability of carbon blacks, such as surface area, aggregate morphology, volatile content, and, most importantly, surface chemistry. The report introduces the basic principles for each physical or chemical method of carbon black characterization, lists the results obtained, and underlines cross-correlations between methods. Particular attention is given to a newly developed method for characterization of surface chemical groups on carbons in terms of their acid-base properties (pK{sub a} spectra) based on potentiometric titration. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to confirm the identity of surfactants, both ionic and non-ionic. In addition, background information on carbon black properties and the mechanism by which surfactants disperse carbon black in water is also provided. A list of main physical and chemical properties characterized, samples analyzed, and results obtained, as well as information on the desired trend or range of values generally associated with better dispersability, is provided in the Appendix. Special attention was given to characterization of several surface-modified carbon blacks produced by Cabot Corporation through proprietary diazonium salts chemistry. As demonstrated in the report, these advanced carbons offer many advantages over traditional dispersions. They disperse very easily, do not require intensive mechanical shearing or sonication, and the particle size of the dispersed carbon black aggregates is in the target range of 0.15-0.20 {micro}m. The dispersions in water and HMTA/urea solutions are stable for at least 30 days; in conditions of simulated broth, the dispersions are stable for at least 6 hours. It is proposed that the optimization of the carbon black dispersing process is possible by replacing traditional carbon blacks and surfactants with surface-modified carbon blacks having suitable chemical groups attached on their surface. It is recognized that the method advanced in this report for optimizing the carbon black dispersion process is based on a limited number of tests made in aqueous and simulated broth conditions. The findings were corroborated by a limited number of tests carried out with ADUN solutions by the Nuclear Science and Technology Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). More work is necessary, however, to confirm the overall recommendation based on the findings discussed in this report: namely, that the use of surface-modified carbon blacks in the uranium-containing broth will not adversely impact the chemistry of the gelation process, and that high quality uranium oxicarbide (UCO) kernels will be produced after calcination.
Contescu, Cristian I [ORNL
Digenetic Changes in Macro- to Nano-Scale Porosity in the St. Peter Sandstone:L An (Ultra) Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Backscattered Electron Imagining Analysis
Small- and Ultra-Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS and USANS) provide powerful tools for quantitative analysis of porous rocks, yielding bulk statistical information over a wide range of length scales. This study utilized (U)SANS to characterize shallowly buried quartz arenites from the St. Peter Sandstone. Backscattered electron imaging was also used to extend the data to larger scales. These samples contain significant volumes of large-scale porosity, modified by quartz overgrowths, and neutron scattering results show significant sub-micron porosity. While previous scattering data from sandstones suggest scattering is dominated by surface fractal behavior over many orders of magnitude, careful analysis of our data shows both fractal and pseudo-fractal behavior. The scattering curves are composed of subtle steps, modeled as polydispersed assemblages of pores with log-normal distributions. However, in some samples an additional surface-fractal overprint is present, while in others there is no such structure, and scattering can be explained by summation of non-fractal structures. Combined with our work on other rock-types, these data suggest that microporosity is more prevalent, and may play a much more important role than previously thought in fluid/rock interactions.
Anovitz, Lawrence {Larry} M [ORNL; Cole, David [Ohio State University; Rother, Gernot [ORNL; Allard Jr, Lawrence Frederick [ORNL; Jackson, Andrew [NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCRN), Gaithersburg, MD; Littrell, Ken [ORNL
Inertial Ranges and Small-Scale Intermittency in One-Dimensional Turbulence Models
A set of one-dimensional turbulence models can be constructed by applying severe D-1 directional Fourier truncation to the D-dimensional fluid equations, allowing for numerical calculation over an extremely wide range of scales. At low resolution ...
Peter Bartello
Small-Scale Spatial Gradients in Climatological Precipitation on the Olympic Peninsula
Persistent, 10-km-scale gradients in climatological precipitation tied to topography are documented with a finescale rain and snow gauge network in the Matheny Ridge area of the Olympic Mountains of Washington State. Precipitation totals are 50% ...
Alison M. Anders; Gerard H. Roe; Dale R. Durran; Justin R. Minder
A Combined Satellite Infrared and Passive Microwave Technique for Estimation of Small-Scale Rainfall
There are numerous applications in climatology and hydrology where accurate information at scales smaller than the existing monthly/2.5� products would be invaluable. Here, a new microwave/infrared rainfall algorithm is introduced that combines ...
Martin C. Todd; Chris Kidd; Dominic Kniveton; Tim J. Bellerby
With the ever-increasing influx of high-resolution images of the solar surface obtained at a multitude of wavelengths, various processes occurring at small spatial scales have become a greater focus of our attention. Complex small-scale magnetic fields have been reported that appear to have enough stored energy to heat the chromosphere. While significant progress has been made in understanding small-scale phenomena, many specifics remain elusive. We present here a detailed study of a single event of disappearance of a magnetic dipole and associated chromospheric activity. Based on New Solar Telescope H{alpha} data and Hinode photospheric line-of-sight magnetograms and Ca II H images, we report the following. (1) Our analysis indicates that even very small dipoles (elements separated by about 0.''5 or less) may reach the chromosphere and trigger non-negligible chromospheric activity. (2) Careful consideration of the magnetic environment where the new flux is deposited may shed light on the details of magnetic flux removal from the solar surface. We argue that the apparent collision and disappearance of two opposite polarity elements may not necessarily indicate their cancellation (i.e., reconnection, emergence of a 'U' tube, or submergence of {Omega} loops). In our case, the magnetic dipole disappeared by reconnecting with overlying large-scale inclined plage fields. (3) Bright points (BPs) seen in off-band H{alpha} images are very well correlated with the Ca II H BPs, which in turn are cospatial with G-band BPs. We further speculate that, in general, H{alpha} BPs are expected to be cospatial with photospheric BPs; however, a direct comparison is needed to refine their relationship.
Yurchyshyn, V. B.; Goode, P. R.; Abramenko, V. I.; Chae, J.; Cao, W.; Andic, A.; Ahn, K. [Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Big Bear City, CA 92314 (United States)
Highly damped quasinormal modes and the small scale structure of quantum corrected black hole exteriors
Quasinormal modes provide valuable information about the structure of spacetime outside a black hole. There is also a conjectured relationship between the highly damped quasinormal modes and the semiclassical spectrum of the horizon area/entropy. In this paper, we show that for spacetimes characterized by more than one scale, the 'infinitely damped' modes in principle probe the structure of spacetime outside the horizon at the shortest length scales. We demonstrate this with the calculation of the highly damped quasinormal modes of the nonsingular, single-horizon, quantum corrected black hole derived in [A. Peltola and G. Kunstatter, Phys. Rev. D 79, 061501 (2009); ].
Babb, James; Kunstatter, Gabor [Department of Physics, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9 (Canada); Daghigh, Ramin [Natural Sciences Department, Metropolitan State University, 700 East Seventh Street, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55106 (United States)
Parameterization of Small Scales of Three-Dimensional Isotropic Turbulence Utilizing Spectral Closures
A spectral equation derived from two-point closures applied to three-dimensional isotropic turbulence is studied from the subgrid-scale modeling point of view, with a cutoff wavenumber kc located in the inertial range of turbulence. Ideas of ...
Jean-Pierre Chollet; Marcel Lesieur
4 p ($/kW) Regulated tariff for energy purchases during hourthe Tariff scenario installed capacity is high, while energytariff type, a monthly- ratcheted power charge and an energy
Critical review of siting characteristics of small scale solar thermal energy systems
An analysis was made of unique technical issues to be considered in siting solar-thermal energy systems in small communities. Four systems are described: central receiver, parabolic trough, parabolic dish, hemispherical bowl. The difference between central receiver systems and distributed receiver systems are indicated with reference to current applications. Finally, a technical siting comparison is made of the four systems defined, including overall efficiency, end use, land requirements, failure rates, safety considerations, energy backup systems and capital costs.
Sokolow, B.B.; Lobnitz, M.M.; Baruch, S.B.
Small-Scale Low Cost Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems
Progress in tasks seeking greater cell power density and lower cost through new cell designs, new cell materials and lower operating temperature is summarized. The design of the program required Proof-of-Concept unit of residential capacity scale is reviewed along with a summary of results from its successful test. Attachment 1 summarizes the status of cell development. Attachment 2 summarizes the status of generator design, and Attachment 3 of BOP design.
S. D. Vora
Results of a statistical analysis of solar granulation are presented. A data set of 36 images of a quiet-Sun area on the solar disk center was used. The data were obtained with the 1.6 m clear aperture New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory and with a broadband filter centered at the TiO (705.7 nm) spectral line. The very high spatial resolution of the data (diffraction limit of 77 km and pixel scale of 0.''0375) augmented by the very high image contrast (15.5% {+-} 0.6%) allowed us to detect for the first time a distinct subpopulation of mini-granular structures. These structures are dominant on spatial scales below 600 km. Their size is distributed as a power law with an index of -1.8 (which is close to the Kolmogorov's -5/3 law) and no predominant scale. The regular granules display a Gaussian (normal) size distribution with a mean diameter of 1050 km. Mini-granular structures contribute significantly to the total granular area. They are predominantly confined to the wide dark lanes between regular granules and often form chains and clusters, but different from magnetic bright points. A multi-fractality test reveals that the structures smaller than 600 km represent a multi-fractal, whereas on larger scales the granulation pattern shows no multi-fractality and can be considered as a Gaussian random field. The origin, properties, and role of the population of mini-granular structures in the solar magnetoconvection are yet to be explored.
Abramenko, V. I.; Yurchyshyn, V. B.; Goode, P. R. [Big Bear Solar Observatory, 40386 N. Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA 92314 (United States); Kitiashvili, I. N.; Kosovichev, A. G. [W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)
Emissions from small-scale energy production using co-combustion of biofuel and the dry fraction of household waste
In sparsely populated rural areas, recycling of household waste might not always be the most environmentally advantageous solution due to the total amount of transport involved. In this study, an alternative approach to recycling has been tested using efficient small-scale biofuel boilers for co-combustion of biofuel and high-energy waste. The dry combustible fraction of source-sorted household waste was mixed with the energy crop reed canary-grass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.), and combusted in both a 5-kW pilot scale reactor and a biofuel boiler with 140-180 kW output capacity, in the form of pellets and briquettes, respectively. The chlorine content of the waste fraction was 0.2%, most of which originated from plastics. The HCl emissions exceeded levels stipulated in new EU-directives, but levels of equal magnitude were also generated from combustion of the pure biofuel. Addition of waste to the biofuel did not give any apparent increase in emissions of organic compounds. Dioxin levels were close to stipulated limits. With further refinement of combustion equipment, small-scale co-combustion systems have the potential to comply with emission regulations.
Hedman, Bjoern [Chemistry Department, Environmental Chemistry, Umeaa University, SE-901 87 Umeaa (Sweden)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Burvall, Jan [Unit for Biomass Technology and Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 4097, SE-904 03 Umeaa (Sweden); Nilsson, Calle [NBC Defence, NBC Analysis, The Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-901 82 Umeaa (Sweden); Marklund, Stellan [Chemistry Department, Environmental Chemistry, Umeaa University, SE-901 87 Umeaa (Sweden)
A Pixel-Scale Algorithm of Cloud Type, Layer, and Amount for AVHRR Data. Part I: Nighttime
An automated pixel-scale algorithm has been developed to retrieve cloud type, related cloud layer(s), and the fractional coverages for all cloud layers in each AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) pixel at night. In the algorithm, ...
Gang Luo; Paul A. Davis; Larry L. Stowe; E. Paul McClain
On the Effects of Large-Scale Environment and Surface Types on Convective Cloud Characteristics over Darwin, Australia
Two seasons of Darwin, Australia, C-band polarimetric (CPOL) research radar, radiosoundings, and lightning data are examined to study the relative influence of the large-scale atmospheric regimes and the underlying surface types on tropical ...
Vickal V. Kumar; Alain Protat; Peter T. May; Christian Jakob; Guillaume Penide; Sushil Kumar; Laura Davies
Small-Scale Hydroelectric Power Demonstration Project. Pennsylvania Hydroelectric Development Corporation Flat Rock Dam: Project summary report
Scale effects in the convoluted thermal/spatial statistics of plasticity initiation in small stressed volumes during nanoindentation
The elastic-plastic transition of crystals at small length scales can be quantitatively evaluated by the sudden discontinuities ( pop-ins ) on nanoindentation load-displacement curves. For defect-free crystals under nano-contacts, pop-in stress fluctuations result purely from the thermally activated process of homogeneous dislocation nucleation, while at intermediate contact sizes fluctuations can arise from the spatial statistics of pre-existing defects. Their convolution exhibits a distinct dependence on the stressed volume; the transition between these two is found to depend on dislocation density and crystallography.
Li, Tianlei [ORNL; Bei, Hongbin [ORNL; Morris, James R. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) & Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); George, Easo P [ORNL; Gao, Yanfei [ORNL
Analysis of environmental issues related to small-scale hydroelectric development. VI. Dissolved oxygen concentrations below operating dams
Results are presented of an effort aimed at determining whether or not water quality degradation, as exemplified by dissolved oxygen concentrations, is a potentially significant issue affecting small-scale hydropower development in the US. The approach was to pair operating hydroelectric sites of all sizes with dissolved oxygen measurements from nearby downstream US Geological Survey water quality stations (acquired from the WATSTORE data base). The USGS data were used to calculate probabilities of non-compliance (PNCs), i.e., the probabilities that dissolved oxygen concentrations in the discharge waters of operating hydroelectric dams will drop below 5 mg/l. PNCs were estimated for each site, season (summer vs remaining months), and capacity category (less than or equal to 30 MW vs >30 MW). Because of the low numbers of usable sites in many states, much of the subsequent analysis was conducted on a regional basis. During the winter months (November through June) all regions had low mean PNCs regardless of capacity. Most regions had higher mean PNCs in summer than in winter, and summer PNCs were greater for large-scale than for small-scale sites. Among regions, the highest mean summer PNCs were found in the Great Basin, the Southeast, and the Ohio Valley. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the effects of season and capacity on potential dissolved oxygen problems, cumulative probability distributions of PNC were developed for selected regions. This analysis indicates that low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the tailwaters below operating hydroelectric projects are a problem largely confined to large-scale facilities.
Cada, G.F.; Kumar, K.D.; Solomon, J.A.; Hildebrand, S.G.
Small-scale Specimen Testing of Monolithic U-Mo Fuel Foils
The objective of this investigation is to develop a shear punch testing (SPT) procedure and standardize it to evaluate the mechanical properties of irradiated fuels in a hot-cell so that the tensile behavior can be predicted using small volumes of material and at greatly reduced irradiation costs. This is highly important in the development of low-enriched uranium fuels for nuclear research and test reactors. The load-displacement data obtained using SPT can be interpreted in terms of and correlated with uniaxial mechanical properties. In order to establish a correlation between SPT and tensile data, sub-size tensile and microhardness testing were performed on U-Mo alloys. In addition, efforts are ongoing to understand the effect of test parameters (such as specimen thickness, surface finish, punch-die clearance, crosshead velocity and carbon content) on the measured mechanical properties, in order to rationalize the technique, prior to employing it on a material of unknown strength.
Ramprashad Prabhakaran; Douglas E. Burkes; James I. Cole; Indrajit Charit; Daniel M. Wachs
Physical parameters of the Small Magellanic Cloud RR Lyrae stars and the distance scale
We present a careful and detailed light curve analysis of RR Lyrae stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) discovered by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) project. Out of 536 single mode RR Lyrae stars selected from the database, we have investigated the physical properties of 335 `normal looking' RRab stars and 17 RRc stars that have good quality photometric light curves. We have also been able to estimate the distance modulus of the cloud which is in good agreement with those determined from other independent methods. The Fourier decomposition method has been used to study the basic properties of these variables. Accurate Fourier decomposition parameters of 536 RR Lyrae stars in the OGLE-II database are computed. Empirical relations between the Fourier parameters and some physical parameters of these variables have been used to estimate the physical parameters for the stars from the Fourier analysis. Further, the Fourier decomposition of the light curves of the SMC RR Lyrae stars yields ...
Deb, Sukanta
Large-scale three-dimensional geothermal reservoir simulation on small computer systems
The performance of TOUGH2, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory`s general purpose simulator for mass and heat flow and transport enhanced with the addition of a set of preconditioned conjugate gradient solvers, was tested on three PCs (486-33, 486-66, Pentium-90), a MacIntosh Quadra 800, and a workstation IBM RISC 6000. A two-phase, single porosity, 3-D geothermal reservoir model with 1,411 irregular grid blocks, with production from and injection into the reservoir was used as the test model. The code modifications to TOUGH2 and its setup in each machine environment are described. Computational work per time step and CPU time requirements are reported for each of the machines used. It is concluded that the current PCs provide the best price/performance platform for running large-scale geothermal field simulations that just a few years ago could only be executed on mainframe computers and high-end workstations.
Antunez, E.; Moridis, G.; Pruess, K.
Summary of the New England conference on legal and institutional incentives to small-scale hydroelectric development (Boston Massachusetts, January 30-31, 1979)
The New England Conference on Legal and Institutional Incentives to Small Scale Hydroelectric Development examined the legal and institutional problems confronting small-scale hydroelectric potential of the northeast. Representatives from DOE, FERC, state legislatures, state public service commissions, private developers, and environmental groups attempted to evaluate the state of hydroelectric development in New England. The meeting began with an introductory panel followed by workshops addressing four topics: Federal regulatory systems, state regulatory systems, the economics of small-scale hydroelectric development, and systems dynamics and the systems dynamics model. Comments by the Honorable Georgiana H. Sheldon, FERC, are presented.
Base line for determining local, small-scale vertical movements in Louisiana
Subsidence in Louisiana is a result of many factors ranging from local, man-induced to regional, large-scale processes. The measurement of local, man-induced subsidence is especially critical in areas with high rates of land loss. In order to measure local vertical movement, absolute historical geodetic movements have been estimated by adjusting all movements along the first-order vertical control network from northeast to southwest Louisiana as related to the Monroe Uplift. The adjustment will serve as a base line by which local subsidence or uplift can be measured. A generalized trend of increasing subsidence to the south in Louisiana is probably a reflection of increasing sediment thickness and weight toward the AXIS of the Gulf Coast Basin. Anomalous values as low as -17.6 mm/y occur superjacent to the position of Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial elements. Positive movement, up to +4.1 mm/y, has been found associated with the Iberian structural axis in south-central Louisiana. Land subsidence due to natural causes may far outweigh subsidence resulting from fluid withdrawal or depressurization of geopressured aquifers. The effects of regional and local natural processes should not be underestimated in any systematic approach to measuring subsidence. 13 references, 7 figures.
Trahan, D.B.
Final Environmental Assessment Small-Scale Geothermal Power Plant and Direct-Use Geothermal Application at AmeriCulture Inc., Cotton City, NM
Colorado 80401-3393 Colorado 80401-3393 August 26, 2002 DOE/EA-1396 FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT For the SMALL-SCALE POWER PLANT AND DIRECT-USE GEOTHERMAL APPLICATION At AMERICULTURE, INC., COTTON CITY, NEW MEXICO AGENCY: U.S. Department of Energy, Golden Field Office ACTION: Finding of No Significant impact (FONSI) SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) conducted an Environmental Assessment (EA) of the Small-Scale Power Plant and Direct-Use Application at AmeriCulture, Inc. to evaluate potential impacts of construction and operations that would be funded in part by DOE. Small geothermal power plants have the potential for widespread application, but achieving cost- effectiveness in small plant sizes presents a number of challenges. To address these challenges, DOE is supporting the small-scale field verification projects to (1) determine and validate the
Cook County William N. Erickson, President Roberts Mann, Supt. of Conservation SCALES Fish are stream-lined. They have to be. Some kinds, like the catfish, are covered with a...
Analysis of environmental issues related to small-scale hydroelectric development IV: fish mortality resulting from turbine passage
This document presents a state-of-the-art review of literature concerning turbine-related fish mortality. The review discusses conventional and, to a lesser degree, pumped-storage (reversible) hydroelectric facilities. Much of the research on conventional facilities discussed in this report deals with studies performed in the Pacific Northwest and covers both prototype and model studies. Research conducted on Kaplan and Francis turbines during the 1950s and 1960s has been extensively reviewed and is discussed. Very little work on turbine-related fish mortality has been undertaken with newer turbine designs developed for more modern small-scale hydropower facilities; however, one study on a bulb unit (Kaplan runner) has recently been released. In discussing turbine-related fish mortality at pumped-storage facilities, much of the literature relates to the Ludington Pumped Storage Power Plant. As such, it is used as the principal facility in discussing research concerning pumped storage.
Turbak, S. C.; Reichle, D. R.; Shriner, C. R.
HINODE Observations of Chromospheric Brightenings in the Ca II H Line during small-scale Flux Emergence Events
\\ion{Ca}{2} H emission is a well-known indicator of magnetic activity in the Sun and other stars. It is also viewed as an important signature of chromospheric heating. However, the \\ion{Ca}{2} H line has not been used as a diagnostic of magnetic flux emergence from the solar interior. Here we report on Hinode observations of chromospheric \\ion{Ca}{2} H brightenings associated with a repeated, small-scale flux emergence event. We describe this process and investigate the evolution of the magnetic flux, G-band brightness, and \\ion{Ca}{2} H intensity in the emerging region. Our results suggest that energy is released in the chromosphere as a consequence of interactions between the emerging flux and the pre-existing magnetic field, in agreement with recent 3D numerical simulations.
S. L. Guglielmino; F. Zuccarello; P. Romano; L. R. Bellot Rubio
SITEWIDE CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION fOR SITING, CONSTRUCI1NG, MODIFYING, AND OPERATING SMALL-SCALE STRUcrURES, PACIfiC
3 3 SITEWIDE CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION fOR SITING, CONSTRUCI1NG, MODIFYING, AND OPERATING SMALL-SCALE STRUcrURES, PACIfiC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY, RICHLAND, WASHINGTON Proposed Action: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Pacific Northwest Site Office (PNSO) proposes to site, construct, modify, and operate small-scale support buildings and structures. Location of Action: The proposed action would occur on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Site and in the vicinity ofPNNL facilities in the State of Washington. Description of tbe Proposed Action: DOE proposes to site, construct, modify, and/or operate small-scale support structures. Siting and construction activities would generally be limited to small facilities and support structures, such as parking areas and storage facilities, that are within or
High-temperature hydrogen-air-steam detonation experiments in the BNL Small-Scale Development Apparatus
The Small-Scale Development Apparatus (SSDA) was constructed to provide a preliminary set of experimental data to characterize the effect of temperature on the ability of hydrogen-air-steam mixtures to undergo detonations and, equally important, to support design of the larger-scale High-Temperature Combustion Facility (HTCF) by providing a test bed for solution of a number of high-temperature design and operational problems. The SSDA, the central element of which is a lo-cm inside diameter, 6.1-m long tubular test vessel designed to permit detonation experiments at temperatures up to 700K, was employed to study self-sustained detonations in gaseous mixtures of hydrogen, air, and steam at temperatures between 300K and 650K at a fixed pressure of 0.1 MPa. Detonation cell size measurements provide clear evidence that the effect of hydrogen-air gas mixture temperature, in the range 300K to 650K, is to decrease cell size and, hence, to increase the sensitivity of the mixture to undergo detonations. The effect of steam content, at any given temperature, is to increase the cell size and, thereby, to decrease the sensitivity of stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures. The one-dimensional ZND model does a very good job at predicting the overall trends in the cell size data over the range of hydrogen-air-steam mixture compositions and temperature studied in the experiments. Experiments were conducted to measure the rate of hydrogen oxidation in the absence of ignition sources at temperatures of 500K and 650K, for hydrogen-air mixtures of 15 percent and 50 percent, and for a mixture of equimolar hydrogen-air and 30 percent steam at 650K. The rate of hydrogen oxidation was found to be significant at 650K. Reduction of hydrogen concentration by chemical reaction from 50 to 44 percent hydrogen, and from 15 to 11 percent hydrogen, were observed on a time frame of minutes.
Ciccarelli, G.; Ginsberg, T.; Boccio, J.; Economos, C.; Finfrock, C.; Gerlach, L.; Sato, K.
High-temperature hydrogen-air-steam detonation experiments in the BNL small-scale development apparatus
The Small-Scale Development Apparatus (SSDA) was constructed to provide a preliminary set of experimental data to characterize the effect of temperature on the ability of hydrogen-air-steam mixtures to undergo detonations and, equally important, to support design of the larger scale High-Temperature Combustion Facility (HTCF) by providing a test bed for solution of a number of high-temperature design and operational problems. The SSDA, the central element of which is a 10-cm inside diameter, 6.1-m long tubular test vessel designed to permit detonation experiments at temperatures up to 700K, was employed to study self-sustained detonations in gaseous mixtures of hydrogen, air, and steam at temperatures between 300K and 650K at a fixed initial pressure of 0.1 MPa. Hydrogen-air mixtures with hydrogen composition from 9 to 60 percent by volume and steam fractions up to 35 percent by volume were studied for stoichiometric hydrogen-air-steam mixtures. Detonation cell size measurements provide clear evidence that the effect of hydrogen-air gas mixture temperature, in the range 300K-650K, is to decrease cell size and, hence, to increase the sensitivity of the mixture to undergo detonations. The effect of steam content, at any given temperature, is to increase the cell size and, thereby, to decrease the sensitivity of stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures. The hydrogen-air detonability limits for the 10-cm inside diameter SSDA test vessel, based upon the onset of single-head spin, decreased from 15 percent hydrogen at 300K down to between 9 and 10 percent hydrogen at 650K. The one-dimensional ZND model does a very good job at predicting the overall trends in the cell size data over the range of hydrogen-air-steam mixture compositions and temperature studied in the experiments.
Ciccarelli, G.; Ginsburg, T.; Boccio, J.; Economos, C.; Finfrock, C.; Gerlach, L. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States); Sato, K.; Kinoshita, M. [Nuclear Power Engineering Corp., Tokyo (Japan)
Summary of the Mid-Atlantic conference on small-scale hydropower in the Mid-Atlantic states: resolution of the barriers impeding its development
The workshop was conducted to bring together interested persons to examine and discuss the major problems associated with small-scale hydroelectric dam development in the Mid-Atlantic region. The conference opened with an introductory panel which outlined the objectives and the materials available to conference participants. Two of the workshops discussed problems and policy responses raised by state and Federal regulation. The other two workshops concerned economic issues confronting small-scale hydro development and the operation and usefulness of the systems dynamics model under development by the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth. Various Federal and state programs designed to stimulate small-scale hydro development were discussed. A plenary session completed the workshops.
Analysis of environmental issues related to small-scale hydroelectric development. V. Instream flow needs for fishery resources
45b 45b 0554033 I . . ~ ...... . . . . . . . . _ . . _ ~ ~~ ~~ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . , O R N U T M - 7 8 6 1 Distribution Category UC-97e 0. W-7405-eng-26 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRO RELATED TO SMALL-SCALE HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT. V. INSTREAM FLOW NEE S FOR FISHERY RESOURCES James M. Loar Michael J. Sale TAL SCIENCES D r v r S - I o N Pub1 i c a t i on No. 1829 Prepared f o r U. S. Department o f Energy, A s s i s t a n t Secretary f o r Conservation and Renewable Energy, D i v i s i o n o f H y d r o e l e c t r i c Resource Development Date Pub1 i shed: October 1981 L Tennessee 37830 UNION CARBIDE ~ O ~ ~ ~ R A T I O N f o r the ENT OF ENERGY 3 445b 0554033 B ACKNOWLEDGMENTS W e thank W i l l i a m Knapp (1I.S. F i s h and W i l d l i f e Service, Region 5) and Mark Robinson (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) for h
An analysis of markets for small-scale, advanced coal-combustion technology in Spain, Italy, and Turkey
This report discusses the examination of potential overseas markets for using small-scale, US-developed, advanced coal-combustion technologies (ACTs). In previous work, member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) were rated on their potential for using ACTs through a comprehensive screening methodology. The three most promising OECD markets were found to be Spain, Italy, and Turkey. This report provides in-depth analyses of these three selected countries. First, it addresses changes in the European Community with particular reference to the 1992 restructuring and its potential effect on the energy situation in Europe, specifically in the three subject countries. It presents individual country studies that examine demographics, economics, building infrastructures, and energy-related factors. Potential niches for ACTs are explored for each country through regional analyses. Marketing channels, strategies, and the trading environments in each country are also discussed. The information gathered indicates that Turkey is a most promising market, Spain is a fairly promising market, and Italy appears to be a somewhat limited market for US ACTs. 76 refs., 16 figs., 14 tabs.
Placet, M.; Gerry, P.A.; Kenski, D.M.; Kern, D.M.; Nehring, J.L.; Szpunar, C.B.
Making the Economic Case for Small-Scale Distributed Wind -- A Screening for Distributed Generation Wind Opportunities: Preprint
This study was an offshoot of a previous assessment, which examined the potential for large-scale, greater than 50 MW, wind development on occupied federal agency lands. The study did not find significant commercial wind development opportunities, primarily because of poor wind resource on available and appropriately sized land areas or land use or aesthetic concerns. The few sites that could accommodate a large wind farm failed to have transmission lines in optimum locations required to generate power at competitive wholesale prices. The study did identify a promising but less common distributed generation (DG) development option. This follow-up study documents the NREL/Global Energy Concepts team efforts to identify economic DG wind projects at a select group of occupied federal sites. It employs a screening strategy based on project economics that go beyond quantity of windy land to include state and utility incentives as well as the value of avoided power purchases. It attempts to account for the extra costs and difficulties associated with small projects through the use of project scenarios that are more compatible with federal facilities and existing land uses. These benefits and barriers of DG are discussed, and the screening methodology and results are included. The report concludes with generalizations about the screening method and recommendations for improvement and other potential applications for this methodology.
Kandt, A.; Brown, E.; Dominick, J.; Jurotich, T.
Dynamic simulation of a solar-driven carbon dioxide transcritical power system for small scale combined heat and power production
Carbon dioxide is an environmental benign natural working fluid and has been proposed as a working media for a solar-driven power system. In the current work, the dynamic performance of a small scale solar-driven carbon dioxide power system is analyzed by dynamic simulation tool TRNSYS 16 and Engineering Equation Solver (EES) using co-solving technique. Both daily performance and yearly performance of the proposed system have been simulated. Different system operating parameters, which will influence the system performance, have been discussed. Under the Swedish climatic condition, the maximum daily power production is about 12 kW h and the maximum monthly power production is about 215 kW h with the proposed system working conditions. Besides the power being produced, the system can also produce about 10 times much thermal energy, which can be used for space heating, domestic hot water supply or driving absorption chillers. The simulation results show that the proposed system is a promising and environmental benign alternative for conventional low-grade heat source utilization system. (author)
Chen, Y.; Lundqvist, Per [Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm (Sweden); Pridasawas, Wimolsiri [King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Bangkok (Thailand)
Factors affecting the design of a partnership program to facilitate adoption of agricultural practices among small-scale farmers, Mpongwe, Zambia
The purpose of the study conducted from December 2001 through February 2002 was to collect data needed to facilitate the design of a partnership program involving Mpongwe Development Company (MDC) that would enable the adoption of sustainable, environmentally friendly agricultural practices by the small-scale farmers in Mpongwe District, Zambia. Eleven separate surveys were conducted to gather descriptive information from four groups: 210 small-scale farmers, traditional chiefs, government departments, and MDC. Substantial developmental work continues in Mpongwe. More than 50% of the small-scale farmers were aware of development organizations. The extension service and MDC both enjoyed relatively high awareness by farmers at 82.3% and 87.4%, respectively. The extent of the effectiveness of this work is still unknown because the scope of the study was only to identify areas of possible developmental collaboration. The recently constructed highway and the government Intermediate Means of Transport (IMT) program has opened the District to many development opportunities. To establish guidelines for the proposed collaborative program mission and goals, three key emerging areas were identified. They were finance, organization, and technical assistance. Only 21.4% of the small-scale farmers reported being in arrears. About 79.1% of participating farmer sales consisted of roadside sales with about two percent selling through cooperatives. Only 44% of small-scale farmers reported being members of co-operatives. The only crop reported by the small-scale farmers as being grown in areas greater than one hectare was maize (84.7%). More than 50% of the small-scale farmers surveyed expressed satisfaction with the services offered by the extension service. Information obtained from the extension service was reported by 51.6% of small-scale farmers. Traditional chiefs and radio were the second most frequent source of information. Recommendations were that (1) Government and non-government organizations should partner in agricultural development efforts, (2) The extension service must engage the private sector, and (3) The relevance of the extension service is evident, but a change of approach is necessary. Both the private sector and the extension service will benefit from suggested changes.
Musoma, Henry Kasonde
Small Particles, Big Impact
Small Particles, Big Impact Small Particles, Big Impact Small-scale effects of Aerosols Add up Over Time August 24, 2011 | Tags: Climate Research, Earth Sciences, Environmental...
Analysis of wood-energy production and consumption strategies among small-scale farmers in central Kenya
This study focuses on wood-energy production and consumption strategies among small-scale farm households in central Kenya. The specific objective were: (1) to determine how households had responded to specific wood-energy policies; (2) to identify factors associated with household adoption or non-adoption of the strategies. Different programs aimed at addressing wood-energy shortages in Kenya were initiated or strengthened during the 1980s: fuelwood or multipurpose tree planting; development and dissemination of improved stoves and fireplaces; promotion of increased accessibility to wood-energy substitutes. Household adoption levels for policy-supported strategies have remained low despite promotion. Survey data from two villages in Nyeri district were collected to determine the factors associated with adoption of the Kenya Ceramic Jiko, the [open quotes]Kuni Mbili[close quotes] stove/fireplace, kerosene stoves, electric cookers, and fuelwood or multipurpose tree planting. Adoption rates varied from as low as 1 percent for electricity to 43 percent for the Kenya Ceramic Jiko. Important policy variables included extension visits per year, income levels, years of formal education received by head of household, access to different fuels, area of farm-land owned, household size, and locational characteristics of the villages. Policy recommendations included: use of research results to direct policy; improvement of information flows between policy makers, extension agents, and technology-users; increased support of agroforestry; and better program coordination. Recommendations for further research included: examining more areas where efficiency gains in energy production and consumption can be made, extending the study to cover the drier parts of central Kenya, and conducting regular case studies in order to better understand the adoption process over time.
Mwangi, A.M.
Small-Scale Water Ingression and Crust Strength Tests (SSWICS) SSWICS-6 test data report : thermal hydraulic results, Rev. 0.
The Melt Attack and Coolability Experiments (MACE) program at Argonne National Laboratory addressed the issue of the ability of water to cool and thermally stabilize a molten core/concrete interaction (MCCI) when the reactants are flooded from above. These tests provided data regarding the nature of corium interactions with concrete, the heat transfer rates from the melt to the overlying water pool, and the role of noncondensable gases in the mixing processes that contribute to melt quenching. However, due to the integral nature of these tests, several questions regarding the crust freezing behavior could not be adequately resolved. These questions include: (1) To what extent does water ingression into the crust increase the melt quench rate above the conduction-limited rate and how is this affected by melt composition and system pressure? (2) What is the fracture strength of the corium crust when subjected to a thermal-mechanical load and how does it depend upon the melt composition? A series of separate-effects experiments are being conducted to address these issues. The first employs an apparatus designed to measure the quench rate of a pool of corium ({approx} {phi} 30 cm; up to 20 cm deep). The main parameter to be varied in these quench tests is the melt composition since it is thought to have a critical influence on the crust cracking behavior which, in turn, alters quench rate. The issue of crust strength is being addressed with a second apparatus designed to mechanically load the crust produced by the quench tests. This apparatus measures the fracture strength of the crust while it is either at room temperature or above, the latter state being achieved with a heating element placed below the crust. The two apparatuses used to measure the melt quench rate and crust strength are jointly referred to as SSWICS (Small-Scale Water Ingression and Crust Strength). This report describes results of the sixth water ingression test, designated SSWICS-6. This test investigated the quenching behavior of a fully oxidized PWR corium melt containing 15 wt% siliceous concrete at a system pressure of 1 bar absolute. The report includes a description of the test apparatus, the instrumentation used, plots of the recorded data, and some rudimentary data reduction to obtain an estimate of the heat flux from the corium to the overlying water pool.
Lomperski, S.; Farmer, M. T.; Kilsdonk, D.; Aeschlimann, B. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
The use of small scale hydroelectric power in South Africa, hydro and economic potential for rural electrification.
??Small hydro generation refers to generating capacity of less than 10 MW with the most common being Run-of-River. In South Africa, the level of rural� (more)
Reddy, Devan.
Spatial and Temporal Scales of Boundary Layer Wind Predictability in Response to Small-Amplitude Land Surface Uncertainty
Predictability experiments with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model as a proxy for the atmosphere are analyzed to quantify the spatial and temporal scales of boundary layer wind response to land surface perturbations. Soil moisture is ...
Joshua P. Hacker
Policy recommendations to improve the competitiveness of small scale farmers in Colombia through Information and Communication Technologies
Half of the Colombian population lives in regions dependent on primary activities such as agriculture, livestock, and fishing. This sector is characterized for being a mix of two kinds of productive systems: large-scale ...
Maya, Natalia (Natalia Carolina Maya Ortiz)
Small-Scale and Mesoscale Variability of Scalars in Cloudy Boundary Layers: One-Dimensional Probability Density Functions
A key to parameterization of subgrid-scale processes is the probability density function (PDF) of conserved scalars. If the appropriate PDF is known, then grid box average cloud fraction, liquid water content, temperature, and autoconversion can ...
Vincent E. Larson; Robert Wood; Paul R. Field; Jean-Christophe Golaz; Thomas H. Vonder Haar; William R. Cotton
Definition of Small Gram Quantity Contents for Type B Radioactive Material Transportation Packages: Activity-Based Content Limitations
Since the 1960's, the Department of Transportation Specification (DOT Spec) 6M packages have been used extensively for transportation of Type B quantities of radioactive materials between Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, laboratories, and productions sites. However, due to the advancement of packaging technology, the aging of the 6M packages, and variability in the quality of the packages, the DOT implemented a phased elimination of the 6M specification packages (and other DOT Spec packages) in favor of packages certified to meet federal performance requirements. DOT issued the final rule in the Federal Register on October 1, 2004 requiring that use of the DOT Specification 6M be discontinued as of October 1, 2008. A main driver for the change was the fact that the 6M specification packagings were not supported by a Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) that was compliant with Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations part 71 (10 CFR 71). Therefore, materials that would have historically been shipped in 6M packages are being identified as contents in Type B (and sometimes Type A fissile) package applications and addenda that are to be certified under the requirements of 10 CFR 71. The requirements in 10 CFR 71 include that the Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) must identify the maximum radioactivity of radioactive constituents and maximum quantities of fissile constituents (10 CFR 71.33(b)(1) and 10 CFR 71.33(b)(2)), and that the application (i.e., SARP submittal or SARP addendum) demonstrates that the external dose rate (due to the maximum radioactivity of radioactive constituents and maximum quantities of fissile constituents) on the surface of the packaging (i.e., package and contents) not exceed 200 mrem/hr (10 CFR 71.35(a), 10 CFR 71.47(a)). It has been proposed that a 'Small Gram Quantity' of radioactive material be defined, such that, when loaded in a transportation package, the dose rates at external points of an unshielded packaging not exceed the regulatory limits prescribed by 10 CFR 71 for non-exclusive shipments. The mass of each radioisotope presented in this paper is limited by the radiation dose rate on the external surface of the package, which per the regulatory limit should not exceed 200 mrem/hr. The results presented are a compendium of allowable masses of a variety of different isotopes (with varying impurity levels of beryllium in some of the actinide isotopes) that, when loaded in an unshielded packaging, do not result in an external dose rate on the surface of the package that exceeds 190 mrem/hr (190 mrem/hr was chosen to provide 5% conservatism relative to the regulatory limit). These mass limits define the term 'Small Gram Quantity' (SGQ) contents in the context of radioactive material transportation packages. The term SGQ is isotope-specific and pertains to contents in radioactive material transportation packages that do not require shielding and still satisfy the external dose rate requirements. Since these calculated mass limits are for contents without shielding, they are conservative for packaging materials that provide some limited shielding or if the contents are placed into a shielded package. The isotopes presented in this paper were chosen as the isotopes that Department of Energy (DOE) sites most likely need to ship. Other more rarely shipped isotopes, along with industrial and medical isotopes, are planned to be included in subsequent extensions of this work.
Sitaraman, S; Kim, S; Biswas, D; Hafner, R; Anderson, B
A localised subgrid scale model for fluid dynamical simulations in astrophysics II: Application to type Ia supernovae
The dynamics of the explosive burning process is highly sensitive to the flame speed model in numerical simulations of type Ia supernovae. Based upon the hypothesis that the effective flame speed is determined by the unresolved turbulent velocity fluctuations, we employ a new subgrid scale model which includes a localised treatment of the energy transfer through the turbulence cascade in combination with semi-statistical closures for the dissipation and non-local transport of turbulence energy. In addition, subgrid scale buoyancy effects are included. In the limit of negligible energy transfer and transport, the dynamical model reduces to the Sharp-Wheeler relation. According to our findings, the Sharp-Wheeler relation is insuffcient to account for the complicated turbulent dynamics of flames in thermonuclear supernovae. The application of a co-moving grid technique enables us to achieve very high spatial resolution in the burning region. Turbulence is produced mostly at the flame surface and in the interior ash regions. Consequently, there is a pronounced anisotropy in the vicinity of the flame fronts. The localised subgrid scale model predicts significantly enhanced energy generation and less unburnt carbon and oxygen at low velocities compared to earlier simulations.
W. Schmidt; J. C. Niemeyer; W. Hillebrandt; F. K. Roepke
Very large-scale structures in sintered silica aerogels as evidenced by atomic force microscopy and ultra-small angle
Very large-scale structures in sintered silica aerogels as evidenced by atomic force microscopy of silica aerogels has been extensively studied mainly by scattering techniques (neutrons, X-rays, light) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments have been carried out on aerogels at dierent steps of densi
Demouchy, Sylvie
Modeling scaleup effects on a small pilot-scale fluidized-bed reactor for fuel ethanol production
Domestic ethanol use and production are presently undergoing significant increases along with planning and construction of new production facilities. Significant efforts are ongoing to reduce ethanol production costs by investigating new inexpensive feedstocks (woody biomass) and by reducing capital and energy costs through process improvements. A key element in the development of advanced bioreactor systems capable of very high conversion rates is the retention of high biocatalyst concentrations within the bioreactor and a reaction environment that ensures intimate contact between substrate and biocatalyst. One very effective method is to use an immobilized biocatalyst that can be placed into a reaction environment that provides effective mass transport, such as a fluidized bed. Mathematical descriptions are needed based on fundamental principles and accepted correlations that describe important physical phenomena. We describe refinements and semi-quantitatively extend the predictive model of Petersen and Davison to a multiphase fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) that was scaled-up for ethanol production. Axial concentration profiles were evaluated by solving coupled differential equations for glucose and carbon dioxide. The pilot-scale FBR (2 to 5 m tall, 10.2-cm ID, and 23,000 L month{sup -1} capacity) was scaled up from bench-scale reactors (91 to 224 cm long, 2.54 to 3.81 cm ID, and 400 to 2,300 L month{sup -1} capacity). Significant improvements in volumetric productivites (50 to 200 g EtOH h{sup -1} L{sup -1} compared with 40 to 110 for bench-scale experiments and 2 to 10 for reported industrial benchmarks) and good operability were demonstrated.
Webb, O.F.; Davison, B.H.; Scott, T.C.
Simultaneous usage of pinhole and penumbral apertures for imaging small scale neutron sources from inertial confinement fusion experiments
Inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility are designed to understand the basic principles of creating self-sustaining fusion reactions by laser driven compression of deuterium-tritium (DT) filled cryogenic plastic capsules. The neutron imaging diagnostic provides information on the distribution of the central fusion reaction region and the surrounding DT fuel by observing neutron images in two different energy bands for primary (13-17 MeV) and down-scattered (6-12 MeV) neutrons. From this, the final shape and size of the compressed capsule can be estimated and the symmetry of the compression can be inferred. These experiments provide small sources with high yield neutron flux. An aperture design that includes an array of pinholes and penumbral apertures has provided the opportunity to image the same source with two different techniques. This allows for an evaluation of these different aperture designs and reconstruction algorithms.
Guler, N.; Volegov, P.; Danly, C. R.; Grim, G. P.; Merrill, F. E.; Wilde, C. H. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)
Discovery potential of xenon-based neutrinoless double beta decay experiments in light of small angular scale CMB observations
The South Pole Telescope (SPT) has probed an expanded angular range of the CMB temperature power spectrum. Their recent analysis of the latest cosmological data prefers nonzero neutrino masses, mnu = 0.32+-0.11 eV. This result, if confirmed by the upcoming Planck data, has deep implications on the discovery of the nature of neutrinos. In particular, the values of the effective neutrino mass involved in neutrinoless double beta decay (bb0nu) are severely constrained for both the direct and inverse hierarchy, making a discovery much more likely. In this paper, we focus in xenon-based bb0nu experiments, on the double grounds of their good performance and the suitability of the technology to large-mass scaling. We show that the current generation, with effective masses in the range of 100 kg and conceivable exposures in the range of 500 kg year, could already have a sizable opportunity to observe bb0nu events, and their combined discovery potential is quite large. The next generation, with an exposure in the range of 10 ton year, would have a much more enhanced sensitivity, in particular due to the very low specific background that all the xenon technologies (liquid xenon, high-pressure xenon and xenon dissolved in liquid scintillator) can achieve. In addition, a high-pressure xenon gas TPC also features superb energy resolution. We show that such detector can fully explore the range of allowed effective Majorana masses, thus making a discovery very likely.
J. J. Gomez-Cadenas; J. Martin-Albo; J. Mu�oz Vidal; C. Pe�a-Garay
Property:FacilityType | Open Energy Information
FacilityType FacilityType Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "FacilityType" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) 3 3-D Metals + Small Scale Wind + A AB Tehachapi Wind Farm + Commercial Scale Wind + AFCEE MMR Turbines + Commercial Scale Wind + AG Land 1 + Community Wind + AG Land 2 + Community Wind + AG Land 3 + Community Wind + AG Land 4 + Community Wind + AG Land 5 + Community Wind + AG Land 6 + Community Wind + AV Solar Ranch I Solar Power Plant + Photovoltaics + AVTEC + Small Scale Wind + Acme Landfill Biomass Facility + Landfill Gas + Adair Wind Farm I + Commercial Scale Wind + Adair Wind Farm II + Commercial Scale Wind + Adams Wind Project + Commercial Scale Wind + Adrian Energy Associates LLC Biomass Facility + Landfill Gas +
Small-scale cookoff bomb (SSCB) tests on solutions of DMSO/LX-10-1 and DMSO/PBX-9404
The small-scale cookoff bomb test was developed by the Navy at China Lake as a method for evaluation of the violence of thermal decomposition of explosives and propellants. The UN {open_quotes}Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Tests and Criteria{close_quotes} (ST/SG/AC.10/11) have accepted the small-scale cookoff bomb test as a test for classification of a substance as an explosive (class 1 substance) for storage and shipment. The US Departments of Transportation and Defense have agreed to use the UN tests as US criteria for storage and shipment. The UN scheme is designed to assess the relative hazard of explosives so that an appropriate classification for transport can be made by the competent authority (DOT). Three thermal tests have been approved: the Koenen test, the internal ignition test and the small-scale cookoff bomb (SSCB) test. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has designed a dissolution work station for removal of the plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) LX-10-1 and PBX-9404 from two artillery fired atomic projectiles (AFAPs) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent. The DOE Explosives Safety Manual allows up to 33% solutions of explosives to be handled as non-explosive in the laboratory and 25% solutions to be stored as non-explosives unless the explosive precipitates out. In order to ship solutions of LX-10-1 or PBX-9404 in DMSO on US highways for waste or recycling as non-explosives, these solutions must be approved for shipping by the DOT based on the results of UN test series 1. The compositions of LX-10-1 and PBX-9404 are given in Table 1. The shock sensitivity of solutions of these two plastic bonded explosives in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been evaluated using the UN series 1 gap test for liquids as described in a previous report. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the SSCB tests on pure DMSO and 25% PBX solutions in DMSO to assist in the classification of these solutions.
Helm, F.; Hoffman, D.M.
Factors hindering the development of small-scale municipal hydropower: a case study of the Black River project in Springfield, Vermont
There are many good reasons to use New England's small-scale hydropower resources to generate electricity. But current production capacity in the three northern states is only 1300 MW, just 35% of the 3710 MW estimated to be available to the states. Though the benefits of properly designed projects seem substantial, many factors combine to hinder their development. The Black River project in Springfield, Vermont, exemplifies the problem. Even after the two has invested over five years and $1 million in its effort to develop 30 MW of capacity, it still has not received either federal or state approval to proceed with construction. The first 4 years of the Springfield experience are described and factors that have greatly increased the cost and planning time for the project are identified. The purpose is to identify changes that could facilitate efforts to develop small-scale hydropower at other acceptable sites. On the basis of this experience it is recommended that: after issuance of a FERC permit, a preliminary determination of the project's impacts should be made by FERC officials; if environmental impacts are solely local or limited, environmental analysis/determination should be placed in the hands of the state; short-form licensing should be used for all run-of-river hydro projects that utilize and do not significantly modify existing water impoundment areas and do not significantly alter downstream flow patterns; and a hydro ombudsman with power at the state level should be established to facilitate governmental inter-agency coordination and project-related information transfer: one-stop licensing. (LCL)
Peters, E.; Berger, G.; Amlin, J.; Meadows, D.
Structural hierarchy of chromatin in chicken erythrocyte nuclei based on small-angle neutron scattering: Fractal nature of the large-scale chromatin organization
The chromatin organization in chicken erythrocyte nuclei was studied by small-angle neutron scattering in the scattering-vector range from 1.5 x 10{sup -1} to 10{sup -4} A{sup -1} with the use of the contrast-variation technique. This scattering-vector range corresponds to linear dimensions from 4 nm to 6 {mu}m and covers the whole hierarchy of chromatin structures, from the nucleosomal structure to the entire nucleus. The results of the present study allowed the following conclusions to be drawn: (1) both the chromatin-protein structure and the structure of the nucleic acid component in chicken erythrocyte nuclei have mass-fractal properties, (2) the structure of the protein component of chromatin exhibits a fractal behavior on scales extending over two orders of magnitude, from the nucleosomal size to the size of an entire nucleus, and (3) the structure of the nucleic acid component of chromatin in chicken erythrocyte nuclei is likewise of a fractal nature and has two levels of organization or two phases with the crossover point at about 300-400 nm.
Lebedev, D. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Filatov, M. V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (Russian Federation); Kuklin, A. I.; Islamov, A. Kh. [Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Russian Federation); Stellbrink, J. [Research Centre Juelich (Germany); Pantina, R. A.; Denisov, Yu. Yu.; Toperverg, B. P.; Isaev-Ivanov, V. V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (Russian Federation)
Role of contact farmers as a source of information in the adoption of selected cotton practices among small-scale farmers in two districts of Paraguay
The purpose of this research was to examine the extent and the manner in which contact farmers in the Training and Visit System of agricultural extension in two districts of eastern Paraguay influenced the dissemination of agricultural information among small-scale follower farmers. The study was conducted in October and November of 2000. Survey instruments were translated into Spanish and data were collected by personal interviews, informal conversations, and through participation in farmer meetings. This descriptive study was based on the responses of 35 Contact Farmers (CF) and 42 Follower Farmers (FF). Results showed that demographic characteristics of the two groups did not differ, except for the level of education (CFs' mean = 6.83, FFs' mean = 5.16, t value = 3.07). The forms of communication used by contact farmers and preferred by follower farmers were individual visits and group meetings. Follower farmers preferred contact farmers, friends, and neighbors, and their own experience to information received from agricultural extensionists. Friends, neighbors, and contact farmers were sources of information that follower farmers stated were available on time, understandable, and trustworthy. Key findings for the adoption of five cotton practices were the following: Paraguayan REBA P-279 was the most recommended, but the Argentine Guazuncho II was most grown; only 9.5% reported the use of the fertilizer formulated as 12-12-17-2; cultural methods of weed control were preferred to chemical control; a 5% increase in plant density from the beginning to the end of the project was seen; and 88% reported that they did not have enough information to control cotton diseases. The knowledge gained will be useful for extension workers, administrators, program managers, policymakers, funding organizations, and the general public to formulate guidelines and organize work programs for disseminating information more effectively to small cotton farmers. Results and recommendations will be presented to the board and staff members of the Agricultural Extension Directorate and the Ministry of Agriculture in order to develop strategies for effective methods of communication long needed among all involved in the agricultural extension process.
Diarte Meza, Nelson Antonio
Small Business Innovation Research & Small Business ...
(SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) are highly competitive programs ... � Have an opportunity to work on different types of projects.
Community small scale wind farms for New Zealand: a comparative study of Austrian development, with consideration for New Zealand???s future wind energy development.
??In New Zealand, the development of wind energy is occurring predominantly at a large scale level with very little opportunity for local people to become� (more)
Thomson, Grant
Commercial-Scale Performance Predictions for High-Temperature Electrolysis Plants Coupled to Three Advanced Reactor Types
This report presents results of system analyses that have been developed to assess the hydrogen production performance of commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) plants driven by three different advanced reactor � power-cycle combinations: a high-temperature helium cooled reactor coupled to a direct Brayton power cycle, a supercritical CO2-cooled reactor coupled to a direct recompression cycle, and a sodium-cooled fast reactor coupled to a Rankine cycle. The system analyses were performed using UniSim software. The work described in this report represents a refinement of previous analyses in that the process flow diagrams include realistic representations of the three advanced reactors directly coupled to the power cycles and integrated with the high-temperature electrolysis process loops. In addition, this report includes parametric studies in which the performance of each HTE concept is determined over a wide range of operating conditions. Results of the study indicate that overall thermal-to- hydrogen production efficiencies (based on the low heating value of the produced hydrogen) in the 45 - 50% range can be achieved at reasonable production rates with the high-temperature helium cooled reactor concept, 42 - 44% with the supercritical CO2-cooled reactor and about 33 - 34% with the sodium-cooled reactor.
M. G. McKellar; J. E. O'Brien; J. S. Herring
Building Scale DC Microgrids
Scale DC Microgrids Title Building Scale DC Microgrids Publication Type Conference Proceedings LBNL Report Number LBNL-5729E Year of Publication 2012 Authors Marnay, Chris, Steven...
Observation of the scattering of a CO/sub 2/ laser beam by small-scale plasma waves in the FT-2 tokamak
Scattering of a laser beam by fluctuations with a scale of 0.7-5mm in the frequency range 3-15 MHz in the FT-2 tokamak is observed. (AIP)
Askinazi, L.G.; Budnikov, V.N.; Bulanin, V.V.; Esipov, L.A.; Korneev, D.O.; Sakharov, I.E.; Stepanov, A.Y.; Ushakov, S.N.
An alternative scaling solution for high-energy QCD saturation with running coupling
A new type of approximate scaling compatible with the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with running coupling is found, which is different from the previously known running coupling geometric scaling. The corresponding asymptotic traveling wave solution is derived. Although featuring different scaling behaviors, the two solutions are complementary approximations of the same universal solution, and they become equivalent in the high energy limit. The new type of scaling is observed in the small-x DIS data.
Beuf, Guillaume
Guillaume Beuf
To Appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letters Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 6/22/04 DEFINITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF THE TRANSITION BETWEEN SMALL- TO LARGE-SCALE CLUSTERING FOR LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES 1
We report angular correlation function (ACF) of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) with unprecedented statistical quality on the basis of 16,920 LBGs at z = 4 detected in the 1 deg2 sky of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. The ACF significantly departs from a power law, and shows an excess on small scale. Particularly, the ACF of LBGs with i ? ACF and number density of LBGs can be explained by the cold dark matter model.
Masami Ouchi; Takashi Hamana; Kazuhiro Shimasaku; Toru Yamada; Masayuki Akiyama; Nobunari Kashikawa; Makiko Yoshida; Kentaro Aoki; Masanori Iye; Tomoki Saito; Toshiyuki Sasaki; Chris Simpson; Michitoshi Yoshida
New Switches for Utility-Scale Inverters: First In-Class Demonstration of a Completely New Type of SiC Bipolar Switch (15kV-20kV) for Utility-Scale Inverters
Solar ADEPT Project: The SiCLAB is developing a new power switch for utility-scale PV inverters that would improve the performance and significantly reduce the size, weight, and energy loss of PV systems. A power switch controls the electrical energy flowing through an inverter, which takes the electrical current from a PV solar panel and converts it into the type and amount of electricity that is compatible with the electric grid. SiCLAB is using silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors in its new power switches, which are more efficient than the silicon semiconductors used to conduct electricity in most conventional power switches today. Switches with SiC semiconductors can operate at much higher temperatures, as well as higher voltage and power levels than silicon switches. SiC-based power switches are also smaller than those made with silicon alone, so they result in much smaller and lighter electrical devices. In addition to their use in utility-scale PV inverters, SiCLAB�s new power switches can also be used in wind turbines, railways, and other smart grid applications.
Eight tests using different HLW feeds were conducted on the DM100-BL to determine the effect of variations in glass properties and feed composition on processing rates and melter conditions (off-gas characteristics, glass processing, foaming, cold cap, etc.) at constant bubbling rate. In over seven hundred hours of testing, the property extremes of glass viscosity, electrical conductivity, and T{sub 1%}, as well as minimum and maximum concentrations of several major and minor glass components were evaluated using glass compositions that have been tested previously at the crucible scale. Other parameters evaluated with respect to glass processing properties were +/-15% batching errors in the addition of glass forming chemicals (GFCs) to the feed, and variation in the sources of boron and sodium used in the GFCs. Tests evaluating batching errors and GFC source employed variations on the HLW98-86 formulation (a glass composition formulated for HLW C-106/AY-102 waste and processed in several previous melter tests) in order to best isolate the effect of each test variable. These tests are outlined in a Test Plan that was prepared in response to the Test Specification for this work. The present report provides summary level data for all of the tests in the first test matrix (Matrix 1) in the Test Plan. Summary results from the remaining tests, investigating minimum and maximum concentrations of major and minor glass components employing variations on the HLW98-86 formulation and glasses generated by the HLW glass formulation algorithm, will be reported separately after those tests are completed. The test data summarized herein include glass production rates, the type and amount of feed used, a variety of measured melter parameters including temperatures and electrode power, feed sample analysis, measured glass properties, and gaseous emissions rates. More detailed information and analysis from the melter tests with complete emission chemistry, glass durability, and melter operating details will be provided in the final report. A summary of the tests that were conducted is provided in Table 1. Each of the seven tests was of nominally one hundred hours in duration. Test B was conducted in two equal segments: the first with nominal additives, and the second with the replacement of borax with a mixture of boric acid and soda ash to determine the effect of alternative OPC sources on production rates and processing characteristics. Interestingly, sugar additions were required near mid points of Tests W and Z to reduce excessive foaming that severely limited feed processing rates. The sugar additions were very effective in recovering manageable processing conditions, albeit over the relatively short remainder of the test duration. Tests W and Z employed the highest melt viscosities but not by a particularly wide margin. Other tests, which did not exhibit such foaming Issues, employed higher concentrations of manganese or iron or both. These results highlight the need for the development of protocols for the a priori determination of which HLW feeds will require sugar additions and the appropriate amounts of sugar to be added in order to control foaming (and maintain throughput) without over-reduction of the melt (which could lead to molten metal formation). In total, over 8,800 kg of feed was processed to produce over 3200 kg of glass. Steady-state processing rates were achieved, and no secondary sulfate phases were observed during any of the tests. Analysis was performed on samples of the glass product taken throughout the tests to verify composition and properties. Sampling and analysis was also performed on melter exhaust to determine the effect of the feed and glass changes on melter emissions.
Atomic scale investigations of the thermal and electron induced chemistry of small molecules on platinum(111) as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy
The work presented here can be divided into two parts: 1) an experimental and analysis section dealing with the investigation of small molecules such as methyl bromide, carbon dioxide, diatomic nitrogen, methane and methane?s photochemical derivative methyl radical adsorbed onto the Pt(111) surface, and 2) A detailed explanation of the current STM and chamber, with included designs and detailed instructions for operation and maintenance of both the STM and chamber. The investigations of the methyl bromide molecule show interesting dipole-dipole interactions on the Pt(111) surface. With a (6 x 3) lattice being described as the full monolayer that was created by overdosing and annealing to 104 K. The (6 x 3) lattice is shown to occupy top sites and three fold hollow sites on the Pt(111) surface giving rise to a very sharp and symmetrically split ?2 RAIRS mode, and the absence of the ?5 mode in RAIRS is indicative that the molecules are all aligned with their C-Br bond parallel to the surface normal. Additional sub-monolayer structures were observed that had components that were not aligned with the surface normal. The submonolayer lattices ranging from a structured 0.12 ML to a random coverages estimated at 0.20 ML, to a shift in the (6 x 3) lattice resulting in a high local line coverage of 0.33 ML. Analysis of the CO2 molecules adsorbed onto the Pt(111) surface shows that there is a preferred high temperature dosing that results in a thermodynamically stable system of a (3 x 3) lattice consisting of both horizontal and vertical molecules. The coverage of the (3 x 3) lattice of vertical molecules is 0.11 ML which can be assigned to the RAIRS peak of 2287 cm-1. The vertical molecules are seen to occupy the hollow sites within the horizontal (3 x 3) lattice. The low temperature dosage of multilayers and annealing, to 78 K, show that the (3 x 3) lattice is compressed into a lattice of (5 x 3) with some of the molecules in the unit cell that are incommensurate with the Pt(111) lattice. However, isolated unit cells of the horizontal (3 x 3) lattices remain after the compression which allows a single vertical CO2 molecule to occupy the hollow site resulting in the characteristic 2277 cm-1 peak in RAIRS. The resulting local coverage of the (5 x 3) lattice is calculated to be 0.40 ML. Methane was found to adsorb onto the Pt(111) lattice in a (?3 x ?3) configuration yielding a coverage of 0.33 ML in perfect agreement with previous coverage assignments. With a full coverage of methane adsorbed onto the crystal surface an ArF excimer laser was used to photodissociate the molecules to create methyl radicals that could be imaged by STM. After photochemical deposition of methyl radicals and annealing the surface to 175 K, the STM was used to image the surface. The methyl radical were estimated to arrange in a (?3 by ?3) lattice same as the methane, and imaged as roughly 0.4 ? high protrusions from the surface with a diameter of 5.5 ?. The last molecule that was studied, was the adsorption of diatomic nitrogen on the Pt(111) surface at a temperature of 25 K. Due to the very low desorption temperature of N2 (i.e. 46 K) and the relatively high temperature of the crystal, only chemisorbed molecules were able to be resolved. The results confirm that diatomic nitrogen binds to the top side of the Pt(111) step edge in agreement with Yates RAIRS studies, and calculations by Norskov. However, there was observed a stable cluster of molecules bound to the lower side of the step edge in a (2 x 2) lattice configuration which has previously unknown before these images and is the most likely source of the photoactivity of nitrogen molecules on the crystal surface. It is the hopes of this author that the experiments described within the dissertation lead to new and better understanding of the role that the microscopic scale structures of adsorbates on the surface play in catalysis. Also that the general information of STM design, construction and tip fabrication will be useful to all students who follow me in working
Schwendemann, Todd Charles
Property:Small Business | Open Energy Information
Small Business Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Small Business Property Type String Description Describes whether the entity is considered a small business Allows Values...
Small Scale Field Test Demonstrating CO2 sequestration in Arbuckle Saline Aquifer and by CO2-EOR at Wellington field, Sumner County, Kansas
Scale Field Test Demonstrating CO Scale Field Test Demonstrating CO 2 sequestration in Arbuckle Saline Aquifer and by CO 2 -EOR at Wellington field, Sumner County, Kansas -- W. Lynn Watney and Jason Rush Kansas Geological Survey Lawrence, KS 66047 Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Annual Review Meeting October 15-17, 2011 Pittsburgh, PA Funding Opportunity Number: DE-FOA-0000441 Contract #FE0006821 $11,484,499 DOE $3.236 million cost share KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY 12/2/2011 1 Outline * Background * The Participants * The Plan * Leveraging Current Research at Wellington Field * Inject, Monitor, Verification, and Accounting of CO 2 2 ORGANIZATION CHART Kansas Geological Survey Name Project Job Title Primary Responsibility Lynn Watney Project Leader, Joint Principal Investigator
TYPE OF OPERATION R Research & Development T& Facility Type
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
-- R Research & Development T& Facility Type 0 Production scale testing a Pilat scale Y-. Bench Scale Process i Theoretical Studies Sample & Analysis 0 Productian 0 Disposal...
First measurement of the small-scale spatial variability of the rain drop size distribution: Results from a crucial experiment and maximum entropy modeling
The main challenges of measuring precipitation are related to the spatio-temporal variability of the drop-size distribution, to the uncertainties that condition the modeling of that distribution, and to the instrumental errors present in the in situ estimations. This PhD dissertation proposes advances in all these questions. The relevance of the spatial variability of the drop-size distribution for remote sensing measurements and hydro-meteorology field studies is asserted by analyzing the measurement of a set of disdrometers deployed on a network of 5 squared kilometers. This study comprises the spatial variability of integral rainfall parameters, the ZR relationships, and the variations within the one moment scaling method. The modeling of the drop-size distribution is analyzed by applying the MaxEnt method and comparing it with the methods of moments and the maximum likelihood. The instrumental errors are analyzed with a compressive comparison of sampling and binning uncertainties that affect actual device...
Checa-Garcia, Ramiro
The Scale of Inflation in the Landscape
We determine the frequency of regions of small-field inflation in the Wigner landscape as an approximation to random supergravities/type IIB flux compactifications. We show that small-field inflation occurs exponentially more often than large-field inflation The power of primordial gravitational waves from inflation is generically tied to the scale of inflation. For small-field models this is below observational reach. However, we find small-field inflation to be dominated by the highest inflationary energy scales compatible with a sub-Planckian field range. Hence, we expect a typical tensor-to-scalar ratio $r\\sim {\\cal O}(10^{-3})$ currently undetectable in upcoming CMB measurements.
Francisco G. Pedro; Alexander Westphal
Quantifying the effects of small-scale heterogeneities on fl ow and transport in undisturbed cores from the Hanford formation. Vadose Zone J
ABSTRACT more than 4 million liters of hazardous and radioactive Accelerated migration of contaminants in the vadose zone has waste in the vadose zone. Relatively mobile radionuclides such as 99Tc, 129I, U, and 3 been observed beneath tank farms at the U.S. Department of Energy�s H have traveled further Hanford Reservation, Richland, WA. This paper focuses on quantify- than predicted by current models and have been deing hydrologic processes that control the fate and transport of contami- tected in the groundwater, which eventually flows to nants in the unsaturated sediments beneath the Hanford tank farms. the Columbia River (Dirkes and Hanf, 1997; Hartman The experimental approach involved the use of field relevant, longterm unsaturated nonreactive transport experiments in undisturbed sediments from the Hanford Formation. Undisturbed sediment cores were collected from a laminated fine-grained sand unit within the Hanford Formation in both the vertical direction (flow cross bedding) and the horizontal direction (flow bedding parallel). Laboratory-scale saturated and unsaturated flow experiments were conducted using multiple nonreactive tracers to investigate hydrologic processes controlling
M. N. Pace; M. A. Mayes; P. M. Jardine; T. L. Mehlhorn; J. M. Zachara; B. N. Bjornstad
Small-Scale Testing of Potential Small Column Ion Exchange ...
Hockmeyer Test Setup - August 2010 � Based (partly) on previous grinding of zeolite at SRS, in Tank 18/19 in 2008 � Batch processing tested with ...
Forecasts for CMB ?- and i-type spectral distortion constraints on the primordial power spectrum on scales 8 < k < 10^4 Mpc^-1 with the future Pixie-like experiments
Silk damping at redshifts 1.5 x 10^4 < z < 2 x 10^6 erases CMB anisotropies on scales corresponding to the comoving wavenumbers 8 < k < 10^4 Mpc^-1 (10^5 < \\ell < 10^8). This dissipated energy is gained by the CMB monopole, creating distortions from a blackbody in the CMB spectrum of the \\mu-type and the i-type. We study, using Fisher matrices, the constraints we can get from measurements of these spectral distortions on the primordial power spectrum from future experiments such as Pixie, and how these constraints change as we change the frequency resolution and the sensitivity of the experiment. We show that the additional information in the shape of the $i$-type distortions, in combination with the \\mu-type distortions, allows us to break the degeneracy between the amplitude and the spectral index of the power spectrum on these scales and leads to much tighter constraints. We quantify the information contained in both the \\mu-type distortions and the i-type distortions taking into account the partial degeneracy with the y-type distortions and the temperature of the blackbody part of the CMB. We also calculate the constraints possible on the primordial power spectrum when the spectral distortion information is combined with the CMB anisotropies measured by the WMAP, SPT, ACT and Planck experiments.
Rishi Khatri; Rashid A. Sunyaev
Commercial Scale Wind Incentive Program | Department of Energy
Commercial Scale Wind Incentive Program Commercial Scale Wind Incentive Program Commercial Scale Wind Incentive Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Savings Category Wind Buying & Making Electricity Maximum Rebate Project Development Assistance: $40,000 Program Info State Oregon Program Type State Rebate Program Rebate Amount Varies Provider Energy Trust of Oregon Energy Trust of Oregon's Commercial Scale Wind offering provides resources and cash incentives to help communities, businesses land owners, and government entities install wind turbine systems up to 20 megawatts (MW) in capacity. Projects may consist of a single turbine or a small group of turbines. A variety of ownership models are allowed. Incentive programs
Physical features of small disperse coal dust fraction transportation and structurization processes in iodine air filters of absorption type in ventilation systems at nuclear power plants
The research on the physical features of transportation and structurization processes by the air-dust aerosol in the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal adsorbent granules in an air filter of the adsorption type in the heating ventilation and cooling (HVAC) system at the nuclear power plant is completed. The physical origins of the coal dust masses distribution along the absorber with the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal granules during the air-dust aerosol intake process in the near the surface layer of absorber are researched. The quantitative technical characteristics of air filtering elements, which have to be considered during the optimization of air filters designs for the application in the ventilation systems at the nuclear power plants, are obtained.
Ledenyov, Oleg P; Poltinin, P Ya; Fedorova, L I
Fracture Mechanisms at Small Length Scale
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are critically important for a wide range of applications, from portable electronics to electric vehicles. However, they cannot meet�...
ATP and Small-scale Technologies
... 00-00-4201 Deposition Source for Producing Super Lattice Multi ... Integrated Hybrid DMFC/EC Capacitor Powerpack Mechanical Technology, Inc. ...
Small-Scale Solar Grants (Rhode Island)
The Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation (RIEDC) provides incentives for renewable-energy projects. Incentive programs are funded by the Rhode Island Renewable Energy Fund (RIREF) and...
Financing of private small scale hydroelectric projects
This manual is a description of the financing process associated with the private development of SSH projects. It examines the institutional framework and the actors within that framework who will have vital impact upon the potential for success of a project. The manual describes the information a developer should obtain in order to make intelligent decisions concerning the multiple directions in which project development can proceed. This information should assist the developer in formulating a business plan. Factors to be considered in choosing a business organizational form are discussed. Included is an analysis of the federal income tax factors relevant to SSH in context of the treatment of specific items: business expenses, depreciation, the Investment Tax Credit, and the Energy Tax Credit as modified by COWPTA. In addition, the tax and organizational factors are applied to an analysis of two mechanisms which can lower development costs through maximum utilization of available tax benefits: limited partnerships and leveraged leases. The manual lists and analyzes the major sources of debt and equity financing that are potentially available to a developer. Finally, all the previously discussed pieces are put together and how the decisions relating to such factors as marketing, taxation and debt financing interrelate to determine the probable success and profitability of a project are investigated. Furthermore, this part of the manual will provide an illustrated guide to understanding the financing process, leading the reader through the decisionmaking and negotiation points, and highlighting what should be borne in mind, what a developer may be giving up and what the perspective of other key actors will be at those points.
Smukler, L.M.
Solar thermoelectrics for small scale power generation
In the past two decades, there has been a surge in the research of new thermoelectric (TE) materials, driven party by the need for clean and sustainable power generation technology. Utilizing the Seebeck effect, the ...
Amatya, Reja
The feasibility of hydropower on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation has real potential for development and many alternative options for project locations, designs, operations and financing. In order to realize this opportunity further will require at least 2-3 years of intense data collection focusing on stream flow measurements at multiple locations in order to quantify real power potential. This also includes on the ground stream gradient surveys, road access planning and grid connectivity to PG&E for sale of electricity. Imperative to this effort is the need for negotiations between the Hoopa Tribal Council and PG&E to take place in order to finalize the power rate the Tribe will receive through any wholesale agreement that utilizes the alternative energy generated on the Reservation.
National Type Evaluation Technical Committee
... checked on an in-motion railway track scale ... Type of Test: (no change) Rail Scale Testing ... or digital), hydraulic, vibrating wire, piezoelectric, or other. ...
Nuclear scales
Nuclear scales are discussed from the nuclear physics viewpoint. The conventional nuclear potential is characterized as a black box that interpolates nucleon-nucleon (NN) data, while being constrained by the best possible theoretical input. The latter consists of the longer-range parts of the NN force (e.g., OPEP, TPEP, the {pi}-{gamma} force), which can be calculated using chiral perturbation theory and gauged using modern phase-shift analyses. The shorter-range parts of the force are effectively parameterized by moments of the interaction that are independent of the details of the force model, in analogy to chiral perturbation theory. Results of GFMC calculations in light nuclei are interpreted in terms of fundamental scales, which are in good agreement with expectations from chiral effective field theories. Problems with spin-orbit-type observables are noted.
Friar, J.L.
Scale-Free Cortical Planar Networks
D [2004] The modeling of scale-free networks. Physica A 333:Synchronization in scale-free dynamical networks: Robustnessnetworks: small-world, scale-free and beyond. IEEE Trans
Freeman, Walter J III; Kozma, Robert; Bollob�s, B�la; Riordan, Oliver
Silica Scaling Removal Process
Silica Scaling Removal Process Silica Scaling Removal Process Silica Scaling Removal Process Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a novel technology to remove both dissolved and colloidal silica using small gel particles. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email Silica Scaling Removal Process Applications: Cooling tower systems Water treatment systems Water evaporation systems Potential mining applications (produced water) Industry applications for which silica scaling must be prevented Benefits: Reduces scaling in cooling towers by up to 50% Increases the number of cycles of concentration substantially Reduces the amount of antiscaling chemical additives needed Decreases the amount of makeup water and subsequent discharged water (blowdown) Enables considerable cost savings derived from reductions in
Benchmark 3-Flavor Pattern and Small Universal Flavor-Electroweak Parameter
The electroweak theory contains too many empirical parameters. Most of them are related to the flavor part of particle physics. In this paper we discuss a relevant simple idea: the complicated system of actual dimensionless, small versus large, quantities in elementary particle flavor phenomenology is small deviated from an explicitly defined benchmark flavor pattern with no tuning parameters. One small empirical universal dimensionless parameter measures this deviation. Its possible physical connections are discussed. As inferences, quasi-degenerate neutrino type with mass scale m = 0.16-0.18 eV, neutrino and quark mixing matrices, large neutrino oscillation 3-flavor hierarchy and quark-neutrino complementarity are predicted.
E. M. Lipmanov
Heterocyclic small molecule peptidomimetics
Polymer-supported synthesis of a close analog (i.e. A) of an early lead, a 14- membered ring peptidomimetic D3, was described. The monovalent molecule was attached to different length linkers, and they were then paired sequentially on a triazine scaffold via our previously published methodology to give a small library of bivalent compounds 1 representing all combinations of linkers of the different lengths in a fast and efficient combinatorial manner. Cellular assays identified 1-ss as a TrkA receptor antagonist towards NGF and it was shown to bind TrkA with ~200 nM affinity and retains high selectivity towards TrkA in binding assays. A set of monovalent diketopiperazine (DKP) mimics 4-7 was synthesized efficiently from corresponding dipeptides via intramolecular SN2 cyclization reactions in solution. These DKP compounds contain two amino acid side-chain functionalities to mimic the sequences that occur at �hot-spots� in loop regions. The monovalent mimics were assembled into a library of biotin-labeled bivalent molecules 9 via the combinatorial strategy described above with some modification. In primary screening, compound 9gg showed preferential binding to TrkC receptors in FACScan assay and blocked the trophic activity of NT-3 in TrkC cells at 10 uM in cell survival assay. The preparation of monovalent 1,3,4-oxadizole-based mimics 12 was achieved from corresponding amino acid building blocks on gram scale in a highly efficient solution phase parallel synthesis manner in good yields. These heterocyclic compounds feature various natural amino acid side-chain functionalities including those occuring most frequently at hot-spots such as those of Tyr, Lys, Glu and Ser. Attempts to assemble them into bivalent molecules were done by coupling the monovalent mimics to the triazine scaffold sequentially in solution and simply manipulating the solvent systems. For some reasons, some reactions did not proceed cleanly. Studies have been carried out and the problems were partially solved. The biological activities of these oxadiazoles are under investigation. So far, six compounds have shown activities in four different bioassays. Two different peptidomimetic types that resemble protein A and protein G binding regions were generated and tested as binding factors in affinity columns for purification of IgG. They are cyclic hexapeptides 19, which were prepared via Fmoc- SPPS and solution phase intramoleculer macrocyclization, and heterocycle-based small molecules 22 and 23 featuring a variety of aromatic functionalities generated via solution phase parallel synthesis. Four compounds showed some affinity towards a Fab fragment of IgG in SAR screening, and they were attached to a dendrimer core on a solid support to give four multivalent mimetics 25.
Liu, Jing
Fish Scales
Fish Scales Name: Kaylee Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Do all fish have scales? Replies: No, some like catfish and bullheads, have smooth skins. J. Elliott No,...
Infrastructure Failure - Types and Frequency
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Infrastructure Failure - Types and Frequency. Small events that have no impact on supplies Events that require supply/demand responses Events that result in a ...
Angular Scaling In Jets
We introduce a jet shape observable defined for an ensemble of jets in terms of two-particle angular correlations and a resolution parameter R. This quantity is infrared and collinear safe and can be interpreted as a scaling exponent for the angular distribution of mass inside the jet. For small R it is close to the value 2 as a consequence of the approximately scale invariant QCD dynamics. For large R it is sensitive to non-perturbative effects. We describe the use of this correlation function for tests of QCD, for studying underlying event and pile-up effects, and for tuning Monte Carlo event generators.
Jankowiak, Martin; Larkoski, Andrew J.; /SLAC
Velocity and density spectra of the Small Magellanic Cloud
This paper reports results on the statistical analysis of HI turbulence in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We use 21 cm channel maps, obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Parkes telescope, and analyze the spectrum of observed intensity fluctuations as a function of the velocity slice thickness. We confirm predictions by Lazarian & Pogosyan (2000) on the change of the power law index and establish the spectra of 3-D density and velocity. The obtained spectral indices, -3.3 and -3.4, are slightly more shallow than the predictions for the Kolmogorov spectrum. This contrasts to the predictions for the shock-type spectra that are steeper than the Kolmogorov one. The nature of the energy injection in the SMC is unclear as no distinct energy injection scales are observed up to the entire scale of the SMC.
S. Stanimirovi?; A. Lazarian
3!NEEi_S1 3!NEEi_S1 past: -~~~-~~~~~-~~~---------- current: ------------_------------- Owner contacted q yes g no; if ye=, date contacted TYPE OF OPERATION --~~__--~-~~~---- 5 Research & Development 5 Facility Type 0 Production scale testing c1 Pilot Scale 0 Bench Scale Process z Theareti cal Studi es Sample Sr Analysis 0 Production D Disposal/Storage TYPE OF CONTRACT ---------------- 0 Manufacturing 0 University 0 Research Clrganization B Government Cpanaored Faci 1 i ty 0 Other ~~---~~---_--~~-----_ a Prime 13 Subcontract& D PurcSase Order 0 Other information (i.e., cost + fixed fee, unit price, time & material, +z) ----_----------------------- Cantract/Purchaae Order #-d-z=&-/) -2_7~-------------Is_------------ PERIOD: CONTRACTING I%~(?) - 1465
Type B Drum packages
The Type B Drum package is a container in which a single drum containing Type B quantities of radioactive material will be packaged for shipment. The Type B Drum containers are being developed to fill a void in the packaging and transportation capabilities of the US Department of Energy (DOE), as no double containment packaging for single drums of Type B radioactive material is currently available. Several multiple-drum containers and shielded casks presently exist. However, the size and weight of these containers present multiple operational challenges for single-drum shipments. The Type B Drum containers will offer one unshielded version and, if needed, two shielded versions, and will provide for the option of either single or double containment. The primary users of the Type B Drum container will be any organization with a need to ship single drums of Type B radioactive material. Those users include laboratories, waste retrieval facilities, emergency response teams, and small facilities.
Edwards, W.S.
_---------_-- _---------_-- Research & Development 0 Production scale testing Cl Pilat Scale 0 Bench Scale Process 0 Theoretical Studies Cl Sample SC Analysis !J Production 0 Dis.posal/Storage 0 Prime ." 0 Subcontract& 0 Purchase Order 0 Facility Type 0 Manufacturing 0 University 0 Research Org&ization 0 Government Sponsored Facility Cl Other ---------_---__-____- Other information (i.e., cost + fixed fee, unit price, time & material, gtr) Coni+act/Purchase Order # ---------------------_--_________ C!2kEE~_CIL_N_G-EE~LE~: /5J--L-,r4 53 -------------------------------------- OWNERSHIP: AEC/MED AEC/MED GOVT GOVT CONTRACTOR CONTRACTOR !w!!E? ___--- " EWNED LEASED L_EesEE OWNED LEASED ---------_ --_------ LANDS BUILDINGS ' EQUIPMENT
DOE Form 4220.2 (Revised March 14 2013) DOE Form 4220.2 (Revised March 14 2013) Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization DOE F 4220.2 - Small Business Review Form (03/14/2013) OSDBU Control Number: _______________________________________Date Received: ______________________________ A. Project Information 1. Requisition Number: ________________________ Acquisition Instrument Proposed/Contract Type: [ ] Contract No (Mod): ______________________ [ ] Departmental IDIQ No: ___________________ [ ] GSA Schedule: _________________________ [ ] GWAC Contract: ________________________ [ ] DOE BPA:_____________________________ 2. Acquisition Office and Program Element: CO/CS Name: Contact Information (Telephone and E-mail): 3. Description of services or supplies:
Scale Interaction and Predictability in a Mesoscale Model
Scale interaction is examined in the limited-area PSU/NCAR mesoscale model, with emphasis on the forcing of small scales by the small-scale fields themselves. Output data from the model are filtered by expanding fields at each level in two-...
Andrew H. Van Tuyl; Ronald M. Errico
Monetary Awards Scale
MONETARY AWARDS SCALE FOR INTANGIBLE BENEFITS FROM MONETARY AWARDS SCALE FOR INTANGIBLE BENEFITS FROM SUGGESTIONS, INVENTIONS, SPECIAL ACTS OR SERVICES VALUE OF BENEFIT EXTENT OF APPLICATION Limited Affects functions, mission, or personnel of one office (e.g., field site office or one office within a HQ Departmental element). Affects a small area of science or technology. Extended Affects functions, mission, or personnel of a several field site offices or HQ office within a Departmental element (e.g., more than one). Affects an important area of science or technology. Broad Affects functions, mission, or personnel of an entire Departmental element or Departmental element with multiple site offices. Affects a broad area of science or technology. General Affects functions, mission, or personnel
Certification testing for small wind turbines
This paper describes the testing procedures for obtaining type certification for a small wind turbine. Southwest Windpower (SWWP) is seeking type certification from Underwriters Laboratory (UL) for the AIR 403 wind turbine. UL is the certification body and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is providing technical assistance including conducting the certification testing. This is the first small turbine to be certified in the US, therefore standards must be interpreted and test procedures developed.
Corbus, D.; Link, H.; Butterfield, S.; Stork, C.; Newcomb, C.
Photofinishing Labs: A Small Business Guide
Many of the challenges faced by small business owners can be addressed through efficient use of electric technology. Each volume in the Small Business Guide describes the current state of a business type and details new or alternative electric equipment that can help it meet its characteristic problems.
A Small-Business Guide: Plastics Products
A Small-Business Guide: Wood Preservers
A Small Business Guide: Wood Furniture
A Small-Business Guide: Printers
A Small-Business Guide: Apparel Manufacturers
A Small-Business Guide: Electronic Components
A Small-Business Guide: Office Buildings
Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling
Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling Cubic Scaling for Caustics and Tangential on Imaging Science Hart F. Smith Cubic Scaling for Caustics and Tangential Reflections #12;Parabolic Scaling and Curvelets Beyond Parabolic Scaling The Second Dyadic Decomposition Wave-Evolution of Curvelets Second Dyadic
Smith, Hart F.
Owner c:ontacted Owner c:ontacted TYPE OF OPERATION ----------------_ jJ Research & Development 0 Production scale testing Cl Pilot Scale 0 Bench Scale Process i Theoretical Studies Sample & Analysis B Production 0 Disposal/Storage $r Prime 0 Subcontract& 0 Purchase Order 0 Facility Type 0 Manufacturing 0 University 0 Research Organization a Other information (i.e., cost + fixed fern, unit price,' time & mate ~r~~-r~~tf~-_~_-_~-~f-~~J~ d ial, etc)_kl/Jlfits ---- -7---- -- Contract/Purchase Order # w?@7-e?-b $ 6, i;,_~~~~~----------------- - ----- C_O!!IF!KXYE-PEELEg: -lTlL-/L?~J --------------------------- OWNERSHXP: AEWHEC AEC/HED' GOVT GB' JT SiXiRACTOR CONiRkCiGR WEE LEAs_EE a!!!%? IEEE!? --------_ ..---LEASED ._ OWNED LANDS BUILDINGS EQUIPMENT
~~__--------_____ ~~__--------_____ q Research & Development q Production scale testing Cl Pilat Scale 0 Bench Scale Process 0 Theoretical Studies a Sample & Analysis c] Production 0 Disposal/Storage TYPE OF CONTRACT ~~__-------_--__ 0 Prime 0 Subcontractor 0 Purchase Order a d//F- a Faci 1 i ty Type a tlanuf acturi ng 0 University q Research Organization 0 Government Sponsored Facility a other --------------__----- Other information (i.e., cost + fixed fee, unit price, time & material, qtr) ------- -1------------------_L______ Contract/Purchase Order # CONTRACTING PE?IOD- 42 --------------L---- --------- ----------------_---______ OWNERSHIP: AEC/MED AEC/tlED OWNED ----- LE_A_sEE GOUT GO' JT CONTRACTOR E!!!!E!z LEASED - ----_ ---_OW_E!L LANDS BUILDINGS
Destabilization of Neutron Stars by Type I Dimension Bubbles
An inhomogeneous compactification of a higher dimensional spacetime can result in the formation of type I dimension bubbles, i.e., nontopological solitons which tend to absorb and entrap massive particle modes. We consider possible consequences of a neutron star that harbors such a soliton. The astrophysical outcome depends upon the model parameters for the dimension bubble, with a special sensitivity to the bubble's energy scale. For relatively small energy scales, the bubble tends to rapidly consume the star without forming a black hole. For larger energy scales, the bubble grows to a critical mass, then forms a black hole within the star, which subsequently causes the remaining star to collapse. It is possible that the latter scenario is associated with core collapse explosions and gamma ray bursts.
E. I. Guendelman; J. R. Morris
Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind...
Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind Ordinance Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind Ordinance Eligibility...
Office of Environmental Management Small Business Program Small...
Office of Environmental Management Small Business Program Small Program Business Opportunity Session Office of Environmental Management Small Business Program Small Program...
Turbulence-Flame Interactions in Type Ia Supernovae
Turbulence-Flame Interactions in Type Ia Supernovae A. J.Normalised time (e) Normalised flame speed Normalised time (length scale (cm) Laminar flame width Gibson scale Cell
Aspden, Andrew J; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 (Authors 1, 2 & 3); Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (Author 4); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Author 5)
NETL: News Release - Small-Scale Carbon Sequestration Field Test...
hole would be ideal to develop a robust logging, coring, and testing program. Formation Stimulation-As part of the project design process, project developers should request the...
AFBC - operation of small scale demonstration for greenhouse heating
A 2.2 million Btu/hr unit prototype AFBC system was installed in 1995 at Cedar Lane Farms, a commercial nursery in Ohio. The AFBC is in operation and is heating hot water for greenhouse temperature control. A team consisting of the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center of Ohio State University and the Will-Burt Company developed this technology with funding support from the Ohio Coal Development Office and the U.S. Department of Energy. The system is fully automated with little operator attention being required. Operating experience at Cedar Lane Farms has shown that only 2 hours per day of operation attention is required for the system. The system includes flyash/sorbent reinjection and underbed coal/limestone feed. These features provide for good limestone utilization; a Ca/S (in coal) ratio of 2.5 will maintain an SO{sub 2} emissions level of 1.2 lb/10{sup 6} Btu when burning high sulfur (3.2%) Ohio coal. A baghouse is used to control particulate emissions. Based on the success of the prototype unit, a design has been recently completed for a commercial size 10 x 10{sup 6} Btu/hr capacity range. Multiple AFBC units can be used to provide larger heat outputs. Potential coal-fired AFBC users include institutions (schools, hospitals, prisons, government), light industry (agricultural, food processing), commercial users (shopping centers), and large residential users (apartment complexes). 6 figs., 1 tab.
Ashworth, R.A.; Plessinger, D.A.; Webner, R.L.; Machamer, T.
Investigation of the Feasibility of a Small Scale Transmutation Device
51 5.10. Maximizing the Thermal Energy Spectrum in thecreated is higher than thermal energy levels and moderatorsdown the neutrons to thermal energy levels. Thermal reactors
Sit, Roger Carson
Introduction to Small-Scale Wind Energy Systems (Including RETScreen...
Programs DeploymentPrograms: Project Development This video teaches the viewer about wind turbines and RETscreen's wind...
Small-Scale Moist Turbulence in Numerically Generated Convective Clouds
The authors present simulations of cloud-free and cloudy, nonprecipitating, convective turbulence at spatial resolutions down to ?x = 2.6 m for a domain size of (1 km)3. The runs are analyzed with attention focused on the dynamical differences ...
K. Spyksma; P. Bartello
Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive Program (Vermont) | Open...
Incentive Program, initiated in June 2003, provides funding for new solar water heating, solar electric (photovoltaic), wind, and micro-hydro energy system installations....
Ice-�Ocean Thermodynamic Interface and Small-�Scale Issues
This presentation discusses: (1) Stefan condition, (2) lower boundary condition of mushy layers, (3) salt flux to ocean from gravity drainage, (4) distribution of salt flux in the ocean, (5) under ice melt ponds and false bottoms, and (6) basal ablation.
Turner, Adrian K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Supporting small-scale dairy farmers in increasing milk production ...
Jul 13, 2010 ... (irrigation scheme, plant supply area, national production) while alleviating the ... The recent increase in food demand and the consequences this has for prices ..... selection and management of forage crops, design of dietary.
Constructing a Model for Small Scale Fish Farmers.
??Fish farming is a fast growing industry, which, although necessary to feed an ever growing worldwide population, has its share of negative environmental consequences, including� (more)
Longoni, Robert A.
Entropy Generation In the Ocean by Small-Scale Mixing
An expression that includes salt diffusion was developed and evaluated for the rate of entropy production ? in the ocean. The evaluation was done for mixing events produced by turbulent overturns and double diffusion. Temperature and salinity ...
M. C. Gregg
Indianapolis Power & Light - Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive...
customers. IP&L has requested to extend the program (https:myweb.in.govIURCedsTab.aspx?tabid28&dnSEARCHDOCKETEDCASE IURC Cause No. 43623)''''' Indianapolis Power &...
2004. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. May2004. 11. Status of Nuclear Fuel Processing, Partitioningthe In-Zinerator in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Sandia Report,
Introduction to Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems (Including RETScreen...
the presenter teaches the viewer how to effectively navigate the solar module. Focus Area Solar Topics Market Analysis Website http:www.leonardo-energy.org Equivalent URI http:...
Small-Scale Reactor for the Production of Medical Isotopes ...
Currently, there is a severe worldwide shortage of medical isotopes-specifically Molybdenum 99 (Mo-99) which is essential in cancer treatment, ...
Demographic Regulators in Small-Scale World-Systems
1997). A number of agent-based spatial models of interpolitymodel that has been shown to be of seminal importance in prior agent-based
Fletcher, Jesse B; Apkarian, Jacob; Hanneman, Robert A; Inoue, Hiroko; Lawrence, Kirk; Chase-Dunn, Christopher
15 2.4. Radionuclides to be studied �������������������� 1718 3.1. Radionuclide sources ����������������������.. 18for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers�, International
Diss. Department of Nuclear and Reactor Physics. RoyalTopical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics (Handbook: Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory, Volume 1 and
Economic appraisal of small-scale hydro power projects
The report covers (1) preconditions for considering such projects (2) methods of economic appraisal: cost benefit analysis; comparison of present worth of cash flow; internal rate of investment returns; comparison of production costs (3) case study of an economic analysis with reference to a project in Thailand.
Goldsmith, K.
Small-scale density fluctuations in the adiabatic toroidal compressor
A new class of density fluctuations has been observed in the ATC tokamak by using spectral analysis of scattered microwaves. The observed frequency spectrum is consistent with that of drift waves with amplitudes that are maximum in the wavelength range 0.5 to 1.0 cm where finite ion Larmor radius effects are important for plasma stability. The total density fluctuation is n tilde/sub e/ greater than or equal to 5 x 10$sup -3$ anti n/sub e/. It is estimated that these fluctuations could account for a large fraction of the electron energy losses of the ATC discharge. (auth)
Mazzucato, E.
neutron economy, D-T fusion reactors can produce fluence onUnlike conventional fusion reactor theory, UCLA�s methodthermal reactors, fast reactors, fusion sources, accelerator
Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory, Volume 1 and 2. DOE-conventional fusion reactor theory, UCLA�s method doesn�t
Analysis of environmental issues related to small scale hydroelectric...
e , AR 72701 Nelsen Jacobs, U.S. Bureau o f Reclamation, P.0, Box 25007, Denver, CO 80226 Peter Kakela, Department of Resource Development, Michigan S t a t e University, East...
Analysis of environmental issues related to small-scale hydroelectric...
i n g 9 MI 48824 Street, F. S e u l i See. Marie, Ottzwa, O n t a r i o , Canada P6A 3B3 Peter Kakel a y Depart n t o f Resource Development, Michigan Senator Jolrri K e l l y ,...
nuclear fusion [53]. Unlike conventional fusion reactornuclear watse transmutation strategies have included the use of thermal reactors, fast reactors, fusionfusion-fission hybrid reactor for the dual purpose of generating energy and burning nuclear
Guide to financing: small-scale geothermal energy projects
A brief overview is given of the current financing sources for projects requiring $1 million or less in capital investment and the major considerations commonly encountered in assembling financing. A directory of technical and financial assistance and a glossary of geothermal/financial terms are included.
Small-scale hydroelectric power in Watauga County, North Carolina
We have completed both the installation of the demonstration project and the assessment of the stream flows in Watauga County, North Carolina. The 17 kW, high head (178'), project on Laurel Creek in Watauga County has produced about 60,000 kWh over its first nine months of operation despite some electrical and other problems. It is currently producing 16 to 17 kW on a steady basis and is functioning as a popular site for visits by people who plan to install their own similar plants in areas throughout the Southeast. The stream assessment proved to be less satisfactory than the subsequently developed method for predicting long term stream flows. The latter method has been applied to all western North Carolina and this report presents its general conclusions.
Ayers, H G
Handbook: Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory, Volume 1 andnuclear fusion [53]. Unlike conventional fusion reactor theory,
Skyrmions, rational maps, and scaling identities
Starting from approximate Skyrmion solutions obtained using the rational map ansatz, improved approximate Skyrmions are constructed using scaling arguments. Although the energy improvement is small, the change of shape clarifies whether the true Skyrmions are more oblate or prolate.
Charalampidis, E. G.; Ioannidou, T. A. [Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computational Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki (Greece); Manton, N. S. [Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA (United Kingdom)
Small satellite radiation budget instrumentation
A major diagnostic in understanding the response of the Earth`s climate to natural or anthropogenic changes is the radiative balance at the top of the atmosphere. Two classes of measurements may be undertaken: (1) a monitoring of the radiation balance over decade-long long time-scales, and (2) measurements designed to provide a sufficiently complete data set to validate or improve models. This paper discusses some of the important ingredients in obtaining such data, and presents a description of some candidate instrumentation for use on a small satellite. 23 refs.
Weber, P.G.
A major diagnostic in understanding the response of the Earth's climate to natural or anthropogenic changes is the radiative balance at the top of the atmosphere. Two classes of measurements may be undertaken: (1) a monitoring of the radiation balance over decade-long long time-scales, and (2) measurements designed to provide a sufficiently complete data set to validate or improve models. This paper discusses some of the important ingredients in obtaining such data, and presents a description of some candidate instrumentation for use on a small satellite. 23 refs.
ON ~m Small Particle Heat Exchangers Arion J. Hunt June 1978d. LBL 7841 Small Particle Heat Exchangers by Arlon J. Huntgenerally to non-solar heat exchangers. These may be of the
Hunt, A.J.
Small Business Research
The Office of Fossil Energy participates in DOE's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs. SBIR and STTR are U.S. government programs in...
Small Building Material Loan
The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) offers a Small Building Materials Loan for applicants to complete or renovate property located within a "small community", as defined in the AHFC [http...
Differential Rotation and Cloud Texture: Analysis Using Generalized Scale Invariance
The standard picture of atmospheric dynamics is that of an isotropic two-dimensional large scale and an isotropic three-dimensional small scale, the two separated by a dimensional transition called the �mesoscale gap.� Evidence now suggests that, ...
K. Pflug; S. Lovejoy; D. Schertzer
Revaluing waste in New York City : planning for small-scale compost; Planning for small-scale compost.
??One-third of the municipal solid waste stream is organic material that, when processed in landfills, produces methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas. Composting is a� (more)
Neilson, Sarah (Sarah Jane)
The large range of time and length scales involved in type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) requires the use of flame models. As a prelude to exploring various options for flame models, we consider, in this paper, high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of the small-scale dynamics of nuclear flames in the supernova environment in which the details of the flame structure are fully resolved. The range of densities examined, 1 to $8 \\times 10^7$ g cm$^{-3}$, spans the transition from the laminar flamelet regime to the distributed burning regime where small scale turbulence disrupts the flame. The use of a low Mach number algorithm facilitates the accurate resolution of the thermal structure of the flame and the inviscid turbulent kinetic energy cascade, while implicitly incorporating kinetic energy dissipation at the grid-scale cutoff. For an assumed background of isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence with an energy characteristic of SN Ia, we find a transition density between 1 and $3 \\times 10^7$ g cm$^{-3}$ where the nature of the burning changes qualitatively. By $1 \\times 10^7$ g cm$^{-3}$, energy diffusion by conduction and radiation is exceeded, on the flame scale, by turbulent advection. As a result, the effective Lewis Number approaches unity. That is, the flame resembles a laminar flame, but is turbulently broadened with an effective diffusion coefficient, $D_T \\sim u' l$, where $u'$ is the turbulent intensity and $l$ is the integral scale. For the larger integral scales characteristic of a real supernova, the flame structure is predicted to become complex and unsteady. Implications for a possible transition to detonation are discussed.
A. J. Aspden; J. B. Bell; M. S. Day; S. E. Woosley; M. Zingale
The large range of time and length scales involved in type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) requires the use of flame models. As a prelude to exploring various options for flame models, we consider, in this paper, high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of the small-scale dynamics of nuclear flames in the supernova environment in which the details of the flame structure are fully resolved. The range of densities examined, 1 to 8 x 107 g cm-3, spans the transition from the laminar flamelet regime to the distributed burning regime where small scale turbulence disrupts the flame. The use of a low Mach number algorithm facilitates the accurate resolution of the thermal structure of the flame and the inviscid turbulent kinetic energy cascade, while implicitly incorporating kinetic energy dissipation at the grid-scale cutoff. For an assumed background of isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence with an energy characteristic of SN Ia, we find a transition density between 1 and 3 x 107 g cm-3 where the nature of the burning changes ualitatively. By 1 x 107 g cm-3, energy diffusion by conduction and radiation is exceeded, on the flame scale, by turbulent advection. As a result, the effective Lewis Number approaches unity. That is, the flame resembles a laminar flame, but is turbulently broadened with an effective diffusion coefficient, D_T \\sim u' l, where u' is the turbulent intensity and l is the integral scale. For the larger integral scales characteristic of a real supernova, the flame structure is predicted to become complex and unsteady. Implications for a possible transition to detonation are discussed.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 (Authors 1, 2& 3); Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (Author 4); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Author 5); Aspden, Andrew J; Aspden, Andrew J.; Bell, John B.; Day, Marc S.; Woosley, Stan E.; Zingale, Mike
El Paso Electric Company - Small and Medium System Renewable...
Place New Mexico Name El Paso Electric Company - Small and Medium System Renewable Energy Certificate Purchase Program Incentive Type Performance-Based Incentive Applicable...
Glendale Water and Power - Small Business Energy Efficiency Rebate...
Information California Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Installation of Energy-Saving Upgrades: Free Glendale Water and Power offers incentives to small business...
Appendix E National Type Evaluation Technical Committee ...
... type evaluation criteria relating to the taking of tare ... scales) may semi automatically (pushbutton) take tare values ... automatic tare may be taken to ...
Award Types
nuclear deterrent; reduce global threats; and solve other emerging national security and energy challenges. Contact Awards Team (505) 667-7824 Email Types of Awards The Awards...
A Biorefinery Goes 'Mod' and Small | Department of Energy
A Biorefinery Goes 'Mod' and Small A Biorefinery Goes 'Mod' and Small A Biorefinery Goes 'Mod' and Small September 14, 2010 - 10:00am Addthis Minnesota-based Easy Energy Systems sells small-scale, easy-to use biorefineries. The company expects to create 100 jobs because of new orders. | Photo Courtesy of Easy Energy Systems | Minnesota-based Easy Energy Systems sells small-scale, easy-to use biorefineries. The company expects to create 100 jobs because of new orders. | Photo Courtesy of Easy Energy Systems | Lindsay Gsell What are the key facts? Minnesota-based company, Easy Energy Systems, sells small-scale, easy-to use biorefineries. Modular systems use feedstock scraps and wastepaper to fuel plant. Easy Energy Systems estimates creating an additional 100 jobs in the next year to fulfill orders.
Structural Assessment of Small Bore Feeder Piping
Frasheri MIE491 - Capstone Team 9 March 2012 Client: W. Reinhardt Industry Partner: Candu Energy Inc. Supervisor: A. N. Sinclair CASE ONE CANDU REACTORS HAVE 380+ SMALL BORE FEEDER PIPES. THE PIPES PIPES AND VALIDATE COMPUTATIONAL METHODS COMPARED TO FULL SCALE TESTS TO FAILURE. THE CLIENT CANDU
22 Federal Register 22 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 29 / Friday, February 11, 2011 / Rules and Regulations SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 13 CFR Parts 121 and 124 RIN 3245-AF53 Small Business Size Regulations; 8(a) Business Development/Small Disadvantaged Business Status Determinations AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule makes changes to the regulations governing the section 8(a) Business Development (8(a) BD) program, the U.S. Small Business Administration's (SBA or Agency) size regulations, and the regulations affecting Small Disadvantaged Businesses (SDBs). It is the first comprehensive revision to the 8(a) BD program in more than ten years. Some of the changes involve technical issues such as changing the term ''SIC code'' to
______ ______ 0 Research & Development 9 Faciiity Type 0 Production scale testing Cl Pilot Scale 0 Bench Scale Process 0 Theoretical Studies Cl Sample 84 Analysis Production Di aposal /Storage g ;E:"V',;=:;;';"" IJ Research Organization 0 Government Sponeored Facility q Other --------------------- 0 Prime q ,@ Subcontract& Other information (i.e., cost 0 Purchase Order + fixed fee, unit price, time ?8 material, etc) -------mm----+------------- Contract/Purchase Order # CONTRACTING PERIODr c&L&.& rqs-z i i -----~_--~~~_----_ -------------------------------------- OWNERSHIP8 CIEC/tlED CIEC/MED GOUT WNED LE&xU _o!!EED LANDS BUILDINGS EQUIPMENT iii E : ORE OR RAW MATL IJ : E FINCIL PRODUCT [7 WCISTE b RESIDUE q GOUT
----------------- ----------------- 0 Research & Development .a Production scale testing 0 Pilat Scale 0 Bench Scale Process 0 Thearetical Studies Cl Sample 84 Analysis 0 Production *i DiaposalKitorage Cl Facility Tybe q Government Sponsored Facility Other R.L- 6:e 14 1 1 ---------- --------- I I I TYPE OF CONTRACT ~-__-----------_ fl Prime *I 0 Subcantractbr Other infuriation (i.e., L.t + fixed fee, kit price, 0 Purchase Order time k mat*iik, gtc) /I -~---------'-t-----------~- ----------II---------------- Contract/Purchase Order # I EP!EBEII!G-PEEI9E: ---------------------------------~---- , OWNERSHiP: : I I j ,' / 1 AEC/tlED AEC/MED GOUT GOUT E!!NE_D LEASEI! !z%!NE_D CONTTACTOR CONTf?qCTOR LEASE?? ---w!En- ---LEL3SEI! i I I I LANDS BUILDINGS EIXIIPMENT
Small Business Corner
... The small business community uses computers and networks, but, generally has neither the skills nor the resources to protect their business ...
Testimonials from Small Business
Don't just take it from us, here's what small business ... customer complaints." �David C. Branch, Chairman/President, Branch-Smith Printing Division ...
New Mexico Small Business
Business Assistance Program (NMSBA) helps small businesses in New Mexico access cutting-edge technologies, solve technical issues, and gain knowledge from technical experts at Los...
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business...
Research and Small Business Technology Transfer programs, presented at an Historically Black College and University meeting. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small...
Facility Name Facility Name Facility FacilityType Owner Developer EnergyPurchaser
Name Facility Name Facility FacilityType Owner Developer EnergyPurchaser Name Facility Name Facility FacilityType Owner Developer EnergyPurchaser Place GeneratingCapacity NumberOfUnits CommercialOnlineDate WindTurbineManufacturer FacilityStatus Coordinates D Metals D Metals D Metals Definition Small Scale Wind Valley City OH MW Northern Power Systems In Service AB Tehachapi Wind Farm AB Tehachapi Wind Farm AB Tehachapi Definition Commercial Scale Wind Coram Energy AB Energy Southern California Edison Co Tehachapi CA MW Vestas In Service AFCEE MMR Turbines AFCEE MMR Turbines AFCEE MMR Turbines Definition Commercial Scale Wind AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment Distributed generation net metered Camp Edwards Sandwich MA MW GE Energy In Service AG Land AG Land AG Land Definition Community Wind AG Land Energy LLC
A hybrid type small 5-axis CNC milling machine
5-axis CNC milling machines are important in a number of industries ranging from aerospace to consumer-die-mold machining because they can deliver high machining accuracy with a spindle tilting capacity. Most of these ...
Son, Seung-Kil, 1964-
Reference Buildings by Building Type: Small Hotel | Department...
& Publications Reference Buildings by Climate Zone and Representative City: 2A Houston, Texas Reference Buildings by Climate Zone and Representative City: 3B Los Angeles,...
Small Wind Information (Postcard)
The U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America initiative maintains a website section devoted to information about small wind turbines for homeowners, ranchers, and small businesses. This postcard is a marketing piece that stakeholders can provide to interested parties; it will guide them to this online resource.
Small Business Solicitation Provision
Solicitation Provision Solicitation Provision The Department of Energy has many exceptionally complex projects and programs involving the environmental remediation of its sites, and because of this complexity, are beyond the capabilities of small business in terms of a small business acting as the prime contractor. However, there are many opportunities within these projects in which small businesses can take part. It is the Department of Energy's policy to promote the participation of small business in all of its programs and projects. As such, the following solicitation provision, and evaluation criteria, will be included by the Department of Energy in environmental remediation acquisitions which are not set aside for small business. In addition, a contract clause will also be included in the resulting contract, providing
Small Business Status
Impact of Teaming Arrangements on Impact of Teaming Arrangements on Small Business Status The Department of Energy is planning to set aside for small businesses a number of acquisitions of a very complex nature, requiring a myriad of capabilities on the part of offerors, which might result in teaming arrangements or joint ventures being formed. Given this, the Department believes that potential offerors should be aware of the Small Business Administration's regulations regarding affiliation. As such, DOE will include the following provision in solicitations where it expects teaming or joint ventures to propose. GUIDANCE FOR PROSPECTIVE OFFERORS - IMPACT OF TEAMING ARRANGEMENTS ON SMALL BUSINESS STATUS (a) This procurement has been set aside for small business. In order to ensure that award
Melanin Types
Melanin Types Melanin Types Name: Irfan Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: What are different types of melanins? And what are the functions of these types? Replies: Hi Irfan! Melanin is a dark compound or better a photoprotective pigment. Its major role in the skin is to absorb the ultraviolet (UV) light that comes from the sun so the skin is not damaged. Sun exposure usually produces a tan at the skin that represents an increase of melanin pigment in the skin. Melanin is important also in other areas of the body, as the eye and the brain., but it is not completely understood what the melanin pigment does in these areas. Melanin forms a special cell called melanocyte. This cell is found in the skin, in the hair follicle, and in the iris and retina of the eye.
Type systems
The study of type systems has emerged as one of the most active areas of research in programming languages, with applications in software engineering, language design, high-performance compiler implementation, and security. This chapter discusses the ...
Benjamin C. Pierce
Metal Finishing: A Small-business Guide
Many of the challenges faced by small business owners can be addressed through efficient use of electric technology. Each volume in the Small-business Guide describes the current state of a business type and details new or alternative electric equipment that can help it meet its characteristic problems. The "Metal Finishing" guide is intended to familiarize readers with the business of metal finishing by providing descriptions of basic processes and practices and summaries of the key challenges faced by ...
Small Hydroelectric | Open Energy Information
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Scaling properties of transcription profiles in gene networks
Here we show that the transcriptional noise is an emergent property with scale invariance from genome level to the level of small Transcriptional Regulatory Genetic Networks (TRGN). We show that a small set of 9-12 genes reproduces the geometric ... Keywords: TRGN, behavioural variability, bioinformatics, gene networks, genome size, housekeeping functions, regulatory networks, scale invariance, transcription profiles, transcriptional noise, transcriptional regulatory genetic networks
Renata C. Ferreira; Francisco Bosco; Marcelo R. S. Briones
Small effects of low-energy quantum gravity
Small effects of quantum gravity on the scale $\\sim 10^{-3} eV$ and their cosmological consequences are discussed and compared with observations of supernovae 1a, gamma-ray bursts and galaxies.
Ivanov, Michael A
Measurement of Raindrop Size Distributions Using a Small Doppler Radar
A small X-band bistatic Doppler radar originally developed for use in automated weather stations as a Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS) can also measure real time raindrop size distributions. In contrast to large-scale pulsed Doppler ...
Brian E. Sheppard
Control of Large-Scale Heat Transport by Small-Scale Mixing
The equilibrium of an idealized flow driven at the surface by wind stress and rapid relaxation to nonuniform buoyancy is analyzed in terms of entropy production, mechanical energy balance, and heat transport. The flow is rapidly rotating, and ...
Paola Cessi; W. R. Young; Jeff A. Polton
Environmental effects of planting energy crops at larger scales on agricultural lands
Increasing from research-scale to larger-scale plantings of herbaceous and short rotation woody crops on agricultural land in the United States has raised questions about the positive and negative environmental effects of farmland conversion. Research currently underway at experimental plot scales enables us examine runoff quality and quantity, erosion, and changes in soil characteristics associated with these energy crops compared to conventional row crops. A study of the fate of chemicals applied to the different crop types will enhance our knowledge of uptake, release, and off-site movement of nutrients and pesticides. Ongoing biodiversity studies in the North Central US allow us to compare differences in scale of plantings on bird and small mammal populations and habitat use. Plantings of 50--100 or more contiguous acres are needed to allow both researchers and producers to determine the benefits of including temporal energy crop rotations in the landscape. Results from these larger-scale plantings will help identify (1) the monitoring requirements needed to determine environmental effects of larger-scale plantings, (2) the best methods to determine the environmental effects of rotation length and the best crop management strategies for full-scale production. Because of the variations in soils, temperature, rainfall and other climatic conditions, as well as differences in the types of energy crops most suited for different regions, monitoring of large-scale plantings in these different regions of the US will be required to predict the environmental effects of regional agricultural land-use shifts for full-scale plantings.
Tolbert, V.R.; Downing, M.
Environmental effects of planting biomass crops at larger scales on agricultural lands
Increasing from research-scale to larger-scale plantings of herbaceous. and short rotation woody crops on agricultural land in the United States has raised questions about the positive and negative environmental effects of farmland conversion. Research currently underway at experimental plot scales enables us examine runoff quality and quantity, erosion, and changes in soil characteristics associated with these energy crops compared to conventional row crops. A study of the fate of chemicals applied to the different crop types will enhance our knowledge of uptake, release, and off-site movement of nutrients and pesticides. Ongoing biodiversity studies in the North Central US allow us to compare differences in scale of plantings on bird and small mammal populations and habitat use. Plantings of 50--100 or more contiguous acres are needed to allow both researchers and producers to determine the benefits of including temporal energy crop rotations in the landscape. Results from these larger-scale plantings will help identify (1) the monitoring requirements needed to determine environmental effects of larger-scale plantings, (2) the best methods to determine the environmental effects of rotation length and the best crop management strategies for full-scale production. Because of the variations in soils, temperature, rainfall and other climatic conditions, as well as differences in the types of energy crops most suited for different regions, monitoring of large-scale plantings in these different regions of the US will be required to predict the environmental effects of regional agricultural land-use shifts for full-scale plantings.
Tolbert, V.R.; Downing, M.E.
Small Space Heaters
Small space heaters, also called portable heaters, are typically used when the main heating system is inadequate or when central heating is too costly to install or operate. Space heater capacities...
Small Modular Biomass Systems
Fact sheet that provides an introduction to small modular biomass systems. These systems can help supply electricity to rural areas, businesses, and people without power. They use locally available biomass fuels such as wood, crop waste, and animal manures.
Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs
Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs Nature Bulletin No. 404-A January 30, 1971 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation SCALE INSECTS AND MEALY BUGS The insect world contains an enormous number and variety of species but, of them all, the Scale Insects and Mealy Bugs come nearest to being vegetables. Most insects are active animals that fly, hop, scamper, crawl or burrow, but these queer creatures spend most of their lives merely sitting in one spot, sucking plant juices from a branch, twig, leaf, or fruit. Some of our most destructive pests are included among the several hundred kinds of these highly specialized insects. They are so small that the average person seldom realizes that they are responsible for the sickly or dying condition of a tree or shrub. Adult scale insects are extremely variable in shape, and range in size from that of a pinhead up to forms which are a quarter of an inch long. Each hides under a hard protective shell, or scale, of wax secreted by pores on its body, and are frequently so numerous that they form a dense crust. The females molt a few times, and usually discard their legs and wings, before they mature. She lays eggs under the scale and then dies. These hatch into young (called "crawlers") which move around for a period varying from a few hours to a day or two before they settle down and build scales. Unlike the female, the male -always the smaller of the two -- goes through a cocoon stage from which he emerges with a pair of wings but with no means of taking food. He merely mates and dies. Males are scarce In most kinds and in many species have never been seen.
Slim Holes for Small Power Plants
Geothermal research study at Sandia National Laboratories has conducted a program in slimhole drilling research since 1992. Although our original interest focused on slim holes as an exploration method, it has also become apparent that they have substantial potential for driving small-scale, off-grid power plants. This paper summarizes Sandia's slim-hole research program, describes technology used in a ''typical'' slimhole drilling project, presents an evaluation of using slim holes for small power plants, and lists some of the research topics that deserve further investigation.
Finger, John T.
Small Business Tax Credit (Kentucky) | Department of Energy
Small Business Tax Credit (Kentucky) Small Business Tax Credit (Kentucky) Small Business Tax Credit (Kentucky) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Developer Fuel Distributor Industrial Installer/Contractor Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Systems Integrator Transportation Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Kentucky Program Type Corporate Tax Incentive Personal Tax Incentives Provider Cabinet for Economic Development The Kentucky Small Business Tax Credit (KSBTC) program is designed to encourage small business growth and job creation by providing a nonrefundable state income tax credit to eligible small businesses hiring
Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind
Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind Ordinance Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind Ordinance < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Wind Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State New Hampshire Program Type Solar/Wind Permitting Standards In July 2008, New Hampshire enacted legislation designed to prevent municipalities from adopting ordinances or regulations that place unreasonable limits or hinder the performance of wind energy systems up to 100 kilowatts (kW) in capacity. Such wind turbines must be used primarily to produce energy for on-site consumption. The law identifies a several
PROJECT SELECTIONS FOR DOE PHASE III XLERATOR SMALL BUSINESS PROJECT SELECTIONS FOR DOE PHASE III XLERATOR SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAM Biomass Technologies: Harvesting/Dewatering Technology for Algal Biofuels Renewable Algal Energy, LLC (Kingsport, Tenn.) - Algal Biodiesel via Innovative Harvesting and Aquaculture Systems - Renewable Algal Energy LLC, will leverage its experience in algal aquaculture, harvesting, and extraction, to demonstrate at small commercial-scale, improved, low cost, energy-efficient methods for harvesting and
The Effectiveness of Leadership Development Programs on Small Farm Producers
Although there were numerous leadership development programs throughout the country, most ignored the small producers located throughout the south. In order to address the needs of these traditionally underserved individuals, the �National Small Farmer Agricultural Leadership Institute� was created to address the concerns of small farmers in rural communities. This research specifically targeted the effectiveness of leadership development over a period by exploring the factors that motivate the program participants to enhance their leadership skills and the ability to transform that motivation into effective leadership. The group involved in this study is a convenience population of small farmers and ranchers from across the Southern United States, who graduated from the National Small Farm Leadership Institute. These participants represent 2 graduating classes from 2007 and 2009. A retrospective post survey methodology was used to conduct this study. The instrument is divided into a knowledge base before they took the program (pre) and a retrospective post assessment. Each of the questions allowed the participants to rate their ability on a 5 point Likert-Type scale. The responses ranged from 1 to 5 with the following responses Very Poor, Poor, Fair, Good and Very Good. The survey research examined four educational constructs that were covered during the leadership development program. These were Leadership Skill Development, Leadership Theory, Agricultural Skill enhancement and the Transformation of their leadership skills. Through analysis of the four educational constructs the research reveals substantial increases in knowledge and skills such as Group Problem Solving, Consensus Building, Team Building, Group Decision Making and Obtaining information to help in decision making. Participants were definitely found to have increased their leadership skills through teaching of Leadership Philosophy, linkages to Federal and agricultural resources, the appreciation of different styles of leadership and awareness of agricultural policy issues. The study revealed that in each of the four educational construct areas of the National Small Farm Leadership Institute that there were substantial increases in knowledge and changes in behavior such as: understanding and explaining personal leadership philosophy, increased awareness of Agricultural Policy Issues and transferring the leadership back to the community.
Malone, Allen A.
Small Business Internet Sites
(DOE) - (DOE) - http://www.energy.gov DOE OSDBU -- DOE Small Business Forecast, DOE's Special Emphasis Programs: Mentor-Protégé, 8(a) Pilot, Women-owned Small Business Program, List of SB Program Managers, and other Web Links. http://smallbusiness.energy.gov or http://www.hr.doe.gov/ED/OSDBU/Osdbu.html DOE's Annual Small Business Procurement Conference - http://www.smallbusiness-outreach.doe.gov/ Office of Economic Impact and Diversity --Parent Organization to the OSDBU - http://www.hr.doe.gov/ED/index.html Forecast of Prime and Subcontracting Business Opportunities -- http://hqlnc.doe.gov/support/smallbusutil.nsf/Index?openform DOE Phone Directory - http://phonebook.doe.gov/callup.html DOE's Linked Organizational Chart -- Link to any DOE program element offices --
applications for which silica scaling must be prevented Benefits: Reduces scaling in cooling towers by up to 50% Increases the number of cycles of concentration substantially...
FY 2011 Secretarial Small Business Award Winners | Department of Energy
FY 2011 Secretarial Small Business Award Winners FY 2011 Secretarial Small Business Award Winners FY 2011 Secretarial Small Business Award Winners Federal Small Business Program Manager of the Year Winner: Gary Bridges, Small Business Program Manager - Tulsa, Oklahoma Gary Bridges has worked with Southwestern Power Administration since 1987 but has held positions at other Federal agencies since 1978. Bridges is responsible for initiating increased contracting with small businesses at the Southwestern Power Administration. He worked closely with the acquisition staff to ensure that small businesses were given opportunities to be awarded contracts. While all contract types were made available, Bridges focused primarily on outreach to small businesses that specialized in construction. "My main goal is to ensure that small businesses have
Small DR Industry Experiences
Over the past twenty years, a number of companies have developed products and provided services for the small distributed resources (DR) market. There are powerful lessons and insights to gain from these efforts. With the growing interest in DR and the emergence of new technologies and products in the less than 300kW size range, this report looks at the past and the different paths that companies have taken to bring small power products to market. Representative surveys were conducted of major players in...
WuKong: automatically detecting and localizing bugs that manifest at large system scales
A key challenge in developing large scale applications is finding bugs that are latent at the small scales of testing, but manifest themselves when the application is deployed at a large scale. Here, we ascribe a dual meaning to "large scale"---it could ... Keywords: feature reconstruction, program behavior prediction, scale-dependent bug
Bowen Zhou; Jonathan Too; Milind Kulkarni; Saurabh Bagchi
Small Business Program | Department of Energy
Small Business Program Small Business Program Small Business Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Institutional Nonprofit Schools Savings Category Other Commercial Weatherization Manufacturing Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Program Info Funding Source Focus On Energy Program Start Date 07/01/2012 Expiration Date 03/31/2014 State Wisconsin Program Type State Rebate Program Rebate Amount Varies by technology Focus on Energy offers a free energy assessment and free or discounted energy savings items to small businesses with a peak monthly electric demand of less than 100 kilowatts. After the initial assessment, businesses can sign up for either the Free Energy Savings Package or the $129 Gold Energy Savings Package. The Free Energy Savings Package includes:
Type: Renewal
1 INCITE Awards 1 INCITE Awards Type: Renewal Title: -Ab Initio Dynamical Simulations for the Prediction of Bulk Properties‖ Principal Investigator: Theresa Windus, Iowa State University Co-Investigators: Brett Bode, Iowa State University Graham Fletcher, Argonne National Laboratory Mark Gordon, Iowa State University Monica Lamm, Iowa State University Michael Schmidt, Iowa State University Scientific Discipline: Chemistry: Physical INCITE Allocation: 10,000,000 processor hours Site: Argonne National Laboratory Machine (Allocation): IBM Blue Gene/P (10,000,000 processor hours) Research Summary: This project uses high-quality electronic structure theory, statistical mechanical methods, and
OWNEF? (S) OWNEF? (S) Current: ____ LcrcJksLG! _________ Owner contacted n yes WI-IO; if yes, date contacted-- TYPE OF OPERATION ----_-------_---- m Research & Development Cl Pilot Scale Cl Disposal/Storaqe TYPE OF CDNTRACT ---__------__--- q Prime 0 Subcnntractor Cl Purchase Order 0 Other infcrmation (i.e., cnst + fixed fee, unit price, time 84 materi+, e.tc) v-7Y07-&G-W ---------------------------- Contract/Pur&aae Order # 0 -?+7- FJc-(CL --___--------~----_______________ CONTRACTING PEXIOD: fl& ,&I;'"'-?;': (&e-?)_-- ' ------------------ OWNERSHIP: AEC/MED GEC/MED SOVT GOVT CONTRACTOR CCNTRACTOR OWNE3 LEASE3 OWNE3 LEASED OWNE3 ----- ------ ----- ------ -__------- LE.352 LANDS u u q BUILDINGS EQUIPMENT 0 FINAL PRODUCT WASTE G RESIDUE a
Bacteria Types
Bacteria Types Bacteria Types Name: Evelyn Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: What is the significance of S. marcescens,M.luteus, S.epidermidis, and E. Coli? Which of these are gram-positive and gram-negative, and where can these be found? Also, what problems can they cause? When we culture these bacteria, we used four methods: plates, broth, slants, and pour plates. The media was made of TSB, TSA, NAP, and NAD. What is significant about these culturing methods? Replies: I could give you the answer to that question but it is more informative, and fun, to find out yourself. Start with the NCBI library online (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and do a query with the species name, and 'virulence' if you want to know what they're doing to us. Have a look at the taxonomy devision to see how they are related. To find out if they're gram-pos or neg you should do a gram stain if you can. Otherwise you'll find that information in any bacteriology determination guide. Your question about the media is not specific enough so I can't answer it.
Small boiler uses waste coal
Burning coal waste in small boilers at low emissions poses considerable problem. While larger boiler suppliers have successfully installed designs in the 40 to 80 MW range for some years, the author has been developing small automated fluid bed boiler plants for 25 years that can be applied in the range of 10,000 to 140,000 lbs/hr of steam. Development has centered on the use of an internally circulating fluid bed (CFB) boiler, which will burn waste fuels of most types. The boiler is based on the traditional D-shaped watertable boiler, with a new type of combustion chamber that enables a three-to-one turndown to be achieved. The boilers have all the advantages of low emissions of the large fluid boilers while offering a much lower height incorporated into the package boiler concept. Recent tests with a waste coal that had a high nitrogen content of 1.45% demonstrated a NOx emission below the federal limit of 0.6 lbs/mm Btu. Thus a NOx reduction on the order of 85% can be demonstrate by combustion modification alone. Further reductions can be made by using a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system and sulfur absorption of up to 90% retention is possible. The article describes the operation of a 30,000 lbs/hr boiler at the Fayette Thermal LLC plant. Spinheat has installed three ICFB boilers at a nursing home and a prison, which has been tested on poor-grade anthracite and bituminous coal. 2 figs.
Virr, M.J. [Spinheat Ltd. (United States)
Small Business Loan Program (Missouri)
The Small Business Loan Program provides low-interest and no-interest direct loans for small businesses. The statewide program is open to all small businesses that employ 15 or fewer employees and...
Facility Type!
ITY: ITY: --&L~ ----------- srct-r~ -----------~------~------- if yee, date contacted ------------- cl Facility Type! i I 0 Theoretical Studies Cl Sample 84 Analysis ] Production 1 Diepasal/Storage 'YPE OF CONTRACT .--------------- 1 Prime J Subcontract&- 1 Purchase Order rl i '1 ! Other information (i.e., ---------~---~--~-------- :ontrait/Pirchaee Order # , I C -qXlJ- --~-------~~-------~~~~~~ I I ~~~---~~~~~~~T~~~ FONTRACTING PERIODi IWNERSHIP: ,I 1 AECIMED AECMED GOVT GOUT &NTtiAC+OR GUN-I OWNED ----- LEEE!? M!s LE!Ps2 -LdJG?- ---L .ANDS ILJILDINGS X2UIPilENT IRE OR RAW HA-I-L :INAL PRODUCT IASTE Z. RESIDUE I I kility l pt I ,-- 7- ,+- &!d,, ' IN&"E~:EW AT SITE -' ---------------- , . Control 0 AEC/tlED managed operations
Small Business Innovation Research Program
... from federal R&D; to use small business to meet federal research and development (R&D) needs; to stimulate small business ...
Hydroelectric Jump to: navigation, search TODO: Add description List of Small Hydroelectric Incentives Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleSmallHydroelectric&ol...
Berkeley Lab Small Business Office
to, and participation in, contractual opportunities for small, HUBZone, service-disabledveteran-owned, small disadvantaged, 8(a) and women-owned businesses. Generally...
Institutions of higher learning Small Business Concerns owned and operated by service-disabled veterans This exciting program has proven to be very beneficial to Small Businesses...
Laboratory program helps small businesses
Lab helps small businesses Laboratory program helps small businesses The free program, run jointly by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories, leverages the laboratories'...
Small arms ammunition
DOE Patents (OSTI)
An elongate projectile for small arms use has a single unitary mass with a hollow nose cavity defined by a sharp rigid cutting edge adapted to make initial contact with the target surface and cut therethrough. The projectile then enters the target mass in an unstable flight mode. The projectile base is substantially solid such that the nose cavity, while relatively deep, does not extend entirely through the base and the projectile center of gravity is aft of its geometric center.
Huerta, Joseph (399 Clover St., Aberdeen, MD 21001)
Small Spot, Brighter Beam
Small Spot, Brighter Beam Small Spot, Brighter Beam Small Spot, Brighter Beam Print Do you notice the brighter beam? During the most recent shutdown, all of the corrector magnets were replaced with sextupoles, reducing the horizontal emittance and increasing beam brightness. "This is part of ongoing improvement to keep the ALS on the cutting edge," says Alastair MacDowell, a beamline scientist on Beamline 12.2.2. The brightness has increased by a factor of about three in the storage ring. Beamlines on superbend or center-bend magnets will see the most noticeable increase in brightness, but the horizontal beam size and divergence have been substantially reduced at all beamlines. "We are starting to approach the resolution of many beamlines. Therefore, not every beamline will be able to resolve the full improvement," says Christoph Steier, project leader of the brightness upgrade. Though superbend and center-bend magnet source sizes are reduced by roughly a factor of three, "measured improvements so far range from a factor of 2-2.5," Steier says. He and MacDowell agree that the beamline optics are likely the limiting factor in resolving the full improvement at the beamlines.
State Small Business Credit Initiative (Minnesota) | Department of Energy
State Small Business Credit Initiative (Minnesota) State Small Business Credit Initiative (Minnesota) State Small Business Credit Initiative (Minnesota) < Back Eligibility Commercial Agricultural Construction Developer Fuel Distributor Industrial Installer/Contractor Institutional Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Retail Supplier Systems Integrator Transportation Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Minnesota Program Type Loan Program Provider Department of Employment and Economic Development The State Small Business Credit Initiative (SSBCI) uses federal funding to stimulate private-sector lending and improve access to capital for small businesses and manufacturers that are credit worthy but not getting loans
El Paso Electric Company - Small Business and Commercial Program |
Small Business and Commercial Program Small Business and Commercial Program El Paso Electric Company - Small Business and Commercial Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Local Government Nonprofit State Government Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Other Heat Pumps Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Home Weatherization Insulation Design & Remodeling Solar Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State Texas Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Large Commercial Solutions: $240/peak kW demand reduction Small Commercial Solutions: $400/kW demand reduction Provider El Paso Electric Company El Paso Electric (EPE) offers several incentive programs targeting small business owners as well as larger commercial and industrial EPE customers.
DISTRIBUTED FLAMES IN TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
At a density near a few x10{sup 7} g cm{sup -3}, the subsonic burning in a Type Ia supernova (SN) enters the distributed regime (high Karlovitz number). In this regime, turbulence disrupts the internal structure of the flame, and so the idea of laminar burning propagated by conduction is no longer valid. The nature of the burning in this distributed regime depends on the turbulent Damkoehler number (Da{sub T}), which steadily declines from much greater than one to less than one as the density decreases to a few x10{sup 6} g cm{sup -3}. Classical scaling arguments predict that the turbulent flame speed s{sub T} , normalized by the turbulent intensity u-check, follows s{sub T}/u-check = Da{sub T}{sup 1/2} for Da{sub T} {approx}burns as a turbulently broadened effective unity Lewis number flame. This flame burns locally with speed s{sub l}ambda and width l{sub l}ambda, and we refer to this kind of flame as a lambda-flame. The burning becomes a collection of lambda-flames spread over a region approximately the size of the {integral} scale. While the total burning rate continues to have a well-defined average, s{sub T}{approx}u-check, the burning is unsteady. We present a theoretical framework, supported by both one-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulations, for the burning in these two regimes. Our results indicate that the average value of s{sub T} can actually be roughly twice u-check for Da{sub T} {approx}> 1, and that localized excursions to as much as 5 times u-check can occur. We also explore the properties of the individual flames, which could be sites for a transition to detonation when Da{sub T} {approx} 1. The lambda-flame speed and width can be predicted based on the turbulence in the star (specifically the energy dissipation rate epsilon*) and the turbulent nuclear burning timescale of the fuel tau {sup T}{sub nuc}. We propose a practical method for measuring s{sub l}ambda and l{sub l}ambda based on the scaling relations and small-scale computationally inexpensive simulations. This suggests that a simple turbulent flame model can be easily constructed suitable for large-scale distributed SNe flames. These results will be useful both for characterizing the deflagration speed in larger full-star simulations, where the flame cannot be resolved, and for predicting when detonation occurs.
Aspden, A. J.; Bell, J. B. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Woosley, S. E. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States)
Small Wind Innovation Zone and Model Ordinance | Department of Energy
Small Wind Innovation Zone and Model Ordinance Small Wind Innovation Zone and Model Ordinance Small Wind Innovation Zone and Model Ordinance < Back Eligibility Institutional Local Government Schools State Government Utility Savings Category Wind Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State Iowa Program Type Solar/Wind Permitting Standards Provider Iowa League of Cities In May 2009, the Iowa legislature created the Small Wind Innovation Zone Program, which allows any city, county, or other political subdivision to create small wind innovation zones that promote small wind production. In order to qualify for the designation, the city must adopt the Small Wind Innovation Zone Model Ordinance and also establish an expedited approval process for small wind energy systems. System owners must also enter into a
Small Wind Turbine Applications: Current Practice in Colorado
Numerous small wind turbines are being used by homeowners in Colorado. Some of these installations are quite recent while others date back to the federal tax-credit era of the early 1980s. Through visits with small wind turbine owners in Colorado, I have developed case studies of six small wind energy applications focusing on the wind turbine technology, wind turbine siting, the power systems and electric loads, regulatory issues, and motivations about wind energy. These case studies offer a glimpse into the current state-of-the-art of small-scale wind energy and provide some insight into issues affecting development of a wider market.
Green, J.
Electromagnetic Composites at the Compton Scale
A new class of electromagnetic composite particles is proposed. The composites are very small (the Compton scale), potentially long-lived, would have unique interactions with atomic and nuclear systems, and, if they exist, could explain a number of otherwise anomalous and conflicting observations in diverse research areas.
Frederick J. Mayer; John R. Reitz
Performance Testing of a Small Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine , S. Tullis2
Performance Testing of a Small Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine R. Bravo1 , S. Tullis2 , S. Ziada3 of electric production [1]. Although most performance testing for small-scale wind turbines is conducted vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) in urban settings, full-scale wind tunnel testing of a prototype 3.5 k
A DSL approach for object memory management of small devices
Small devices have a specific hardware configuration. In particular, they usually include several types of memories (typically ROM, internal and external RAM, Flash memory) different in quantities and properties. We propose an object memory management ...
Kevin Marquet; Gilles Grimaud
Cross-flow Ultrafiltration Scaling Considerations
One legacy of the nuclear age is radioactive waste and it must be stabilized to be stored in a safe manner. An important part of the stabilization process is the separation of radioactive solids from the liquid wastes by cross-flow ultrafiltration. The performance of this technology with the wastes to be treated was unknown and, therefore, had to be obtained. However, before beginning a filter study the question of experimental scale had to be addressed. Of course, carrying out experiments using full-size equipment is always ideal, but rarely practical when dealing with plant size processes. Flow loops that will handle millions of liters of slurries, which are either highly caustic or acidic, with flow rates of 10,000 lpm make full-scale tests prohibitively expensive. Moreover, when the slurries happen to be radioactive such work is also very dangerous. All of these considerations lend themselves to investigations at smaller scales and in many situations can be treated with computational analyses. Unfortunately, as scale is reduced it becomes harder to provide prototypic results and the two and three phase multi-component mixtures challenge accurate computational results. To obtain accurate and representative filter results the use of two scales were chosen: (1) Small-scale--would allow the testing with actual radioactive waste samples and compare results with simulated wastes that were not radioactive. For this scale the feed tank held 6 liters of waste and it had a single cross-flow filter tube 0.61 m long. (2) Pilot-scale--would be restricted to use simulated non-radioactive wastes. At this larger scale the feed tank held 120 liters of waste and the filter unit was prototypic to the planned plant facility in pore size (0.1 micron), length (2.29 m), diameter (0.0127 m inside and 0.0159 m outside diameter), and being multi-tubed. The small-scale apparatus is convenient, easy to use, and can test both radioactive and non-radioactive wastes; therefore, there is a larger database than at the pilot scale. In fact, the small-scale data are very useful to compare actual waste to simulated waste filter performance to validate a simulant, but data availability does not mean they accurately represent full-scale performance. Results indicate that small-scale filter fluxes to be significantly higher that those at the pilot scale. In an attempt to study the difference in filter performance at the two scales an experiment was done that used exactly the same simultant which was created at the same time so that issues of composition and aging would not compromise the results. This paper will discuss those experimental results, as well as those from a computational fluid dynamics model to better understand the small-scale limitations.
Duignan, M
Small circuits for cryptography.
This report examines a number of hardware circuit design issues associated with implementing certain functions in FPGA and ASIC technologies. Here we show circuit designs for AES and SHA-1 that have an extremely small hardware footprint, yet show reasonably good performance characteristics as compared to the state of the art designs found in the literature. Our AES performance numbers are fueled by an optimized composite field S-box design for the Stratix chipset. Our SHA-1 designs use register packing and feedback functionalities of the Stratix LE, which reduce the logic element usage by as much as 72% as compared to other SHA-1 designs.
Torgerson, Mark Dolan; Draelos, Timothy John; Schroeppel, Richard Crabtree; Miller, Russell D.; Anderson, William Erik
Number: 1894 Type: factoid ...
... type> Type: factoid Description: How high is the pitcher's mound? ... 2047 Type: factoid Description: How close is Mercury to ...
A Small-Business Guide: Convenience and Grocery Stores
Many of the challenges faced by small-business owners can be addressed through efficient use of electric technology. Each volume in the Small Business Guide describes the current state of a business type and details new or alternative electric equipment that can help it meet its characteristic problems.
Mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1
with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) with microdeletionsM, Huson S. Mosaic (segmental) neurofibromatosis type 1and type 2: no longer neurofibromatosis type 5. Am J Med
Liang, Christine; Schaffer, Julie V
Category:SmallOffice | Open Energy Information
SmallOffice SmallOffice Jump to: navigation, search Go Back to PV Economics By Building Type Media in category "SmallOffice" The following 77 files are in this category, out of 77 total. SVSmallOffice Bismarck ND Montana-Dakota Utilities Co (North Dakota).png SVSmallOffice Bismarck... 74 KB SVSmallOffice Cedar City UT Moon Lake Electric Assn Inc (Utah).png SVSmallOffice Cedar Ci... 55 KB SVSmallOffice International Falls MN Northern States Power Co (Minnesota) Excel Energy.png SVSmallOffice Internat... 95 KB SVSmallOffice LA CA City of Los Angeles California (Utility Company).png SVSmallOffice LA CA Ci... 83 KB SVSmallOffice Memphis TN City of Memphis Tennessee (Utility Company).png SVSmallOffice Memphis ... 62 KB SVSmallOffice Minneapolis MN Northern States Power Co (Minnesota) Excel Energy.png
Category:SmallHotel | Open Energy Information
SmallHotel SmallHotel Jump to: navigation, search Go Back to PV Economics By Building Type Media in category "SmallHotel" The following 77 files are in this category, out of 77 total. SVSmallHotel Bismarck ND Montana-Dakota Utilities Co (North Dakota).png SVSmallHotel Bismarck ... 71 KB SVSmallHotel International Falls MN Northern States Power Co (Minnesota) Excel Energy.png SVSmallHotel Internati... 83 KB SVSmallHotel LA CA City of Los Angeles California (Utility Company).png SVSmallHotel LA CA Cit... 87 KB SVSmallHotel Memphis TN City of Memphis Tennessee (Utility Company).png SVSmallHotel Memphis T... 65 KB SVSmallHotel Minneapolis MN Northern States Power Co (Minnesota) Excel Energy.png SVSmallHotel Minneapol... 83 KB SVSmallHotel Minot ND Montana-Dakota Utilities Co (North Dakota).png
Small Commercial Refrigeration Incentive | Department of Energy
Small Commercial Refrigeration Incentive Small Commercial Refrigeration Incentive Small Commercial Refrigeration Incentive < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Industrial Institutional Nonprofit Savings Category Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Maximum Rebate Incentives over $5,000 must be pre-approved Program Info Funding Source Efficiency Vermont Public Benefit Fund Expiration Date 06/30/2013 State Vermont Program Type State Rebate Program Rebate Amount Outside Air Economizers: $1,250 Evaporator Fan Motors: $20 - $100 Evaporator Fan Motor Controls: $550 Door/Frame Heater Controls: $50 per door Case Light Occupancy Controls: $40 LED Refrigerator and Freezer Case Light Fixtures: $6 - $15 per foot Energy Star Ice Machines: $50 - $75 Efficient Compressors: $200 Display Case Strip-Curtain and Continuous Covers: $6 per foot
Conte Small Flume | Open Energy Information
Small Flume Small Flume Overseeing Organization United States Geological Survey, LSC Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Flume Length(m) 38.1 Beam(m) 3.0 Depth(m) 5.2 Cost(per day) Contact POC Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities None Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume Yes Recirculating No Wind Capabilities Wind Capabilities None Control and Data Acquisition Description National Instruments LabView and other data acquisition systems Number of channels 12 Bandwidth(kHz) 44 Cameras Yes Number of Color Cameras 5 Description of Camera Types Conventional underwater video, 4; high speed (1000 fps), 1 Available Sensors Displacement, Flow, Pressure Range(psi), Thermal, Turbulence, Velocity Data Generation Capability
Design of a digitally actuated, micro-scale Cartesian nanopositioner
The purpose of this research is to generate the design knowledge required to produce a small-scale, low-cost precision positioning device. Accurate motion manipulation on the nanometer level is one of the main challenges ...
DiBiasio, Christopher M. (Christopher Michael)
Extreme Scale Visual Analytics
Extreme-scale visual analytics (VA) is about applying VA to extreme-scale data. The articles in this special issue examine advances related to extreme-scale VA problems, their analytical and computational challenges, and their real-world applications.
Wong, Pak C.; Shen, Han-Wei; Pascucci, Valerio
Energy Department Announces New Investment in Innovative Small Modular
Announces New Investment in Innovative Small Announces New Investment in Innovative Small Modular Reactor Energy Department Announces New Investment in Innovative Small Modular Reactor December 12, 2013 - 4:04pm Addthis NEWS MEDIA CONTACT (202) 586-4940 WASHINGTON - Building on President Obama's Climate Action Plan to continue America's leadership in clean energy innovation, the Energy Department today announced an award to NuScale Power LLC to support a new project to design, certify and help commercialize innovative small modular reactors (SMRs) in the United States. This award follows a funding opportunity announcement in March 2013. View a new Energy Department infographic on small modular reactors and their potential to provide clean, safe and cost-effective nuclear energy. "Small modular reactors represent a new generation of safe, reliable,
The Effects of Mesoscale Ocean�Atmosphere Coupling on the Large-Scale Ocean Circulation
Small-scale variation in wind stress due to ocean�atmosphere interaction within the atmospheric boundary layer alters the temporal and spatial scale of Ekman pumping driving the double-gyre circulation of the ocean. A high-resolution ...
Andrew Mc C. Hogg; William K. Dewar; Pavel Berloff; Sergey Kravtsov; David K. Hutchinson
Small caliber guided projectile
A non-spinning projectile that is self-guided to a laser designated target and is configured to be fired from a small caliber smooth bore gun barrel has an optical sensor mounted in the nose of the projectile, a counterbalancing mass portion near the fore end of the projectile and a hollow tapered body mounted aft of the counterbalancing mass. Stabilizing strakes are mounted to and extend outward from the tapered body with control fins located at the aft end of the strakes. Guidance and control electronics and electromagnetic actuators for operating the control fins are located within the tapered body section. Output from the optical sensor is processed by the guidance and control electronics to produce command signals for the electromagnetic actuators. A guidance control algorithm incorporating non-proportional, "bang-bang" control is used to steer the projectile to the target.
Jones, James F. (Albuquerque, NM); Kast, Brian A. (Albuquerque, NM); Kniskern, Marc W. (Albuquerque, NM); Rose, Scott E. (Albuquerque, NM); Rohrer, Brandon R. (Albuquerque, NM); Woods, James W. (Albuquerque, NM); Greene, Ronald W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Financing Turnkey Efficiency Solutions for Small Buildings and Small Portfolios
Financing Turnkey Efficiency Financing Turnkey Efficiency Solutions for Small Buildings and Small Portfolios Rois Langner NREL email@example.com 303-275-4329 April 4, 2013 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov Purpose & Objectives Problem Statement: Disproportionate transaction costs, lack of purchasing power, financial risk, insufficient organizational capacity, and lack of technical expertise inhibit the adoption of energy efficiency measures in the small building and small portfolio (SBSP) sector at
Equilibrium Modeling, Design, Construction, and Validation Testing of a Pilot Scale, USS Gasification Reactor.
??Fluidized bed gasification is currently not economically feasible on small and medium scales due to the expensive catalytic reformation of tar. It has been proposed� (more)
Hlebak, Joshua J.
Size-Scaling of Tensile Failure Stress in a Hot-Pressed Silicon Carbide
Quasi-static Weibull strength-size scaling of hot-pressed silicon carbide is described. Two surface conditions (uniaxial ground and uniaxial ground followed by grit blasting) were explored. Strength test coupons sampled effective areas from the very small (4 x 10{sup -3} mm{sup 2}) to the very large (4 x 10{sup 4} mm{sup 2}). Equibiaxial flexure and Hertzian ring crack initiation were used for the strength tests, and characteristic strengths for several different specimen geometries were analyzed as a function of effective area. Characteristic strength was found to substantially increase with decreased effective area for both surface conditions. Weibull moduli of 9.4- and 11.7 well-represented strength-size scaling for the two ground conditions between an effective area range of 10{sup -1} and 4 x 10{sup 4} mm{sup 2}. Machining damage was observed to be the dominant flaw type over this range. However, for effective areas <10{sup -1} mm{sup 2}, the characteristic strength increased rapidly for both ground surface conditions as the effective area decreased, and one or more of the inherent assumptions behind the classical Weibull strength-size scaling were in violation in this range. The selections of a ceramic strength to account for ballistically induced tile deflection and expanding cavity modeling are considered in context with the measured strength-size scaling. The observed size-scaling is briefly discussed with reference to dynamic strength.
Wereszczak, Andrew A [ORNL; Kirkland, Timothy Philip [ORNL; Strong, Kevin T [ORNL; Campbell, James [U.S. Army research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD; LaSalvia, Jerry [U.S. Army research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD; Miller, Herbert [U.S. Army research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD
Multi-scale finite-volume method for elliptic problems in subsurface flow simulation
In this paper we present a multi-scale finite-volume (MSFV) method to solve elliptic problems with many spatial scales arising from flow in porous media. The method efficiently captures the effects of small scales on a coarse grid, is conservative, and ... Keywords: finite-volume, multi-scale physics, subsurface flow, upscaling
P. Jenny; S. H. Lee; H. A. Tchelepi
A small but nonzero cosmological constant
Recent astrophysical observations seem to indicate that the cosmological constant is small but nonzero and positive. The old cosmological constant problem asks why it is so small; we must now ask, in addition, why it is nonzero (and is in the range found by recent observations), and why it is positive. In this essay, we try to kill these three metaphorical birds with one stone. That stone is the unimodular theory of gravity, which is the ordinary theory of gravity, except for the way the cosmological constant arises in the theory. We argue that the cosmological constant becomes dynamical, and eventually, in terms of the cosmic scale factor $R(t)$, it takes the form $\\Lambda(t) = \\Lambda(t_0)(R(t_0)/R(t))^2$, but not before the epoch corresponding to the redshift parameter $z \\sim 1$.
Y. Jack Ng; H. van Dam
Beam Diagnostics of the Small Isochronous Ring
The purpose of this paper is to describe the beam diagnostic systems in the Small Isochronous Ring (SIR) developed and built at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU). SIR is a small-scale experiment that simulates the dynamics of intense beams in large accelerators. A 20 to 30 keV hydrogen or deuterium ion bunch is injected in the ring, extracted after a variable number of turns and its longitudinal profile is studied. Some of the diagnostic tools available in SIR include an emittance measurement system in the injection line, scanning wires in different sections of the ring, phosphor screens at the injection and extraction points and a fast Faraday cup in the extraction line. The design of these systems and the kind of beam information they provide are discussed in detail.
Felix Marti; Eduard Pozdeyev
Control System of the Small Isochronous ring
The purpose of this paper is to describe the control system of the Small Isochronous Ring (SIR) developed and built at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU). SIR is a small-scale experiment that simulates the dynamics of intense beams in large accelerators. A 20 to 30 keV hydrogen or deuterium ion bunch is injected in the ring, extracted after a variable number of turns and its longitudinal profile is studied. Information about the electronics used and software written to control different injection line, ring and extraction line elements is included. Some of these elements are magnets, electrostatic quadrupoles, electric and magnetic correctors, scanning wires, emittance measurement system, chopper and a fast Faraday cup.
Experimental Results of the Small Isochronous Ring
The Small Isochronous Ring (SIR) has been in operation since December 2003. The main purpose of this ring, developed and built at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU), is to simulate the dynamics of intense beams in large accelerators. To observe the same effects, the beam power needed in SIR is orders of magnitude lower and the time scale is much longer than in the full scale machines. These differences simplify the design and operation of the accelerator. The ring measurements can be used to validate the results of space charge codes. After a variable number of turns, the injected hydrogen bunch (with energies up to 30 keV) is extracted and its longitudinal profile is measured using a fast Faraday cup. We present a summary of the design, the results of the first six months of operation and the comparison with selected space charge codes.
Felix Martin; Richard York; Juan Rodriguez; Eduard Pozdeyev
Hydrogen Peroxide Storage in Small Sealed Tanks
Unstabilized hydrogen peroxide of 85% concentration has been prepared in laboratory quantities for testing material compatibility and long term storage on a small scale. Vessels made of candidate tank and liner materials ranged in volume from 1 cc to 2540 cc. Numerous metals and plastics were tried at the smallest scales, while promising ones were used to fabricate larger vessels and liners. An aluminum alloy (6061-T6) performed poorly, including increasing homogeneous decay due to alloying elements entering solution. The decay rate in this high strength aluminum was greatly reduced by anodizing. Better results were obtained with polymers, particularly polyvinylidene fluoride. Data reported herein include ullage pressures as a function of time with changing decay rates, and contamination analysis results.
Small-world effects in wireless agent sensor networks
We describe a model for analysing the coverage graph from physical placement of mobile agents or sensor devices to improve coverage, fault tolerance and network lifetime. The planar graph for the devices is augmented by small-world network 'short-cuts'; ... Keywords: WSNs, clustering algorithms, connectivity graphs, fault tolerance, mobile agents, mobile sensors, modelling, network coverage, network lifetime, optimal coverage, percolation, scaling, small-world networks, wireless agents, wireless sensor networks
K. A. Hawick; H. A. James
Clean coal: Global opportunities for small businesses
The parallel growth in coal demand and environmental concern has spurred interest in technologies that burn coal with greater efficiency and with lower emissions. Clean Coal Technologies (CCTs) will ensure that continued use of the world`s most abundant energy resource is compatible with a cleaner, healthier environment. Increasing interest in CCTs opens the door for American small businesses to provide services and equipment for the clean and efficient use of coal. Key players in most coal-related projects are typically large equipment manufacturers, power project developers, utilities, governments, and multinational corporations. At the same time, the complexity and scale of many of these projects creates niche markets for small American businesses with high-value products and services. From information technology, control systems, and specialized components to management practices, financial services, and personnel training methods, small US companies boast some of the highest value products and services in the world. As a result, American companies are in a prime position to take advantage of global niche markets for CCTs. This guide is designed to provide US small businesses with an overview of potential international market opportunities related to CCTs and to provide initial guidance on how to cost-effectively enter that growing global market.
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) are U.S. Government programs in which federal agencies with large research and development budgets set aside...
High-Resolution Atmospheric Sensing of Multiple Atmospheric Variables Using the DataHawk Small Airborne Measurement System
The DataHawk small airborne measurement system provides in situ atmospheric measurement capabilities for documenting scales as small as 1 m and can access reasonably large volumes in and above the atmospheric boundary layer at low cost. The design ...
Dale A. Lawrence; Ben B. Balsley
... SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA ... Study: The Boston Waterfront Innovation District,� (Energy and Climate ... small businesses, funded through a mix of public ...
Lattice QCD for Small Computers
These lectures discuss field theoretic techniques that might allow for realistic simulations of lattice QCD on small computers.
G. P. Lepage
Rockingham County - Small Wind Ordinance | Department of Energy
Rockingham County - Small Wind Ordinance Rockingham County - Small Wind Ordinance Rockingham County - Small Wind Ordinance < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools Savings Category Wind Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State Virginia Program Type Solar/Wind Permitting Standards Provider Virginia Wind Energy Collaborative In October 2004, the Rockingham County Board of Supervisors approved a zoning ordinance for small wind energy systems, the first of its kind in Virginia. Students at James Madison University drafted the original ordinance with guidance from members of the Virginia Wind Energy Collaborative (VWEC) and assistance from members of Rockingham County's planning board. Although net metering is not required, the ordinance complements the
Anaheim Public Utilities - Small Business Energy Management Assistance
Anaheim Public Utilities - Small Business Energy Management Anaheim Public Utilities - Small Business Energy Management Assistance Program Anaheim Public Utilities - Small Business Energy Management Assistance Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Maximum Rebate T8 Fluorescent lights, electronic ballasts and controls: 5,000 Programmable thermostats: 800 Program Info State California Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount T8 Fluorescent lights, electronic ballasts and controls: 75% of the cost Refrigeration and A/C tune-up: free Programmable thermostats: free Expert energy survey: free Provider Anaheim Public Utilities The Small Business Energy Management System Program provides participating
Small Business Clean Air Assistance (Michigan) | Department of Energy
Small Business Clean Air Assistance (Michigan) Small Business Clean Air Assistance (Michigan) Small Business Clean Air Assistance (Michigan) < Back Eligibility Utility Fed. Government Commercial Agricultural Investor-Owned Utility State/Provincial Govt Industrial Construction Municipal/Public Utility Local Government Residential Installer/Contractor Rural Electric Cooperative Tribal Government Low-Income Residential Schools Retail Supplier Institutional Multi-Family Residential Systems Integrator Fuel Distributor Nonprofit General Public/Consumer Transportation Program Info State Michigan Program Type Training/Technical Assistance Provider Department of Environmental Quality The program shall develop adequate mechanisms for all of the following: (a) Developing, collecting, and coordinating information on compliance methods and technologies for small businesses.
Entergy New Orleans - Small Commercial and Industrial Solutions Program |
Entergy New Orleans - Small Commercial and Industrial Solutions Entergy New Orleans - Small Commercial and Industrial Solutions Program Entergy New Orleans - Small Commercial and Industrial Solutions Program < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial Weatherization Design & Remodeling Other Heat Pumps Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Manufacturing Windows, Doors, & Skylights Maximum Rebate $50,000 or full cost of upgrade Program Info Funding Source New Orleans City Council State Louisiana Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Energy Assessment: Free Small Commercial Solutions Efficiency Improvements: $0.125 per kWh saved Large Commercial and Industrial Solutions Lighting Improvements: $0.10 per
Interconnection Standards for Small Generators | Department of Energy
Interconnection Standards for Small Generators Interconnection Standards for Small Generators Interconnection Standards for Small Generators < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Tribal Government Savings Category Bioenergy Commercial Heating & Cooling Manufacturing Buying & Making Electricity Water Wind Energy Sources Solar Home Weatherization Program Info Program Type Interconnection Provider Federal Energy Regulatory Commission The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) adopted "small generator" interconnection standards for distributed energy resources up to 20 megawatts (MW) in capacity in May 2005.* The FERC's standards apply only to facilities subject to the jurisdiction of the commission; these facilities
Tennessee Small Business Investment Company Credit Act (Tennessee) |
Tennessee Small Business Investment Company Credit Act (Tennessee) Tennessee Small Business Investment Company Credit Act (Tennessee) Tennessee Small Business Investment Company Credit Act (Tennessee) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Industrial Installer/Contractor Nonprofit Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Tennessee Program Type Corporate Tax Incentive Sales Tax Incentive Provider Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development The Tennessee Small Business Company Credit Act offers $120 million in gross premiums tax credits to insurance companies that invest in companies certified by the State of Tennessee as TNInvestcos. Utilizing standardized criteria, Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development (ECD)
Small Business Resources
Resources Resources in Your Community Presented by: UMKC Missouri Small Business & Technology Development Center Kansas City, MO 2 A B est P rac+ce i s a ... Technique Method Process Ac2vity Incen2ve Reward ... that i s m ore e ffec+ve d elivering a par+cular outcome. 3 Best P rac+ce i s D efined a s... * the m ost e fficient (least a mount o f e ffort), * and m ost e ffec2ve (best r esults) ...method t o a ccomplish a t ask b ased o n... * repeatable p rocedures * proven p rocedures * over 2 me * for l arge n umbers o f p eople 4 What i s a B est P rac+ce? * The p rocess o f fi nding a nd u sing i deas and s trategies f rom outside y our company a nd i ndustry t o i mprove performance. * Big b usiness h as u sed b est p rac2ce benchmarking o ver d ecades a nd realized b illions i n s avings i n a ll a reas o f business
Prognostics Health Management for Advanced Small Modular Reactor Passive Components
In the United States, sustainable nuclear power to promote energy security is a key national energy priority. Advanced small modular reactors (AdvSMR), which are based on modularization of advanced reactor concepts using non-light-water reactor (LWR) coolants such as liquid metal, helium, or liquid salt may provide a longer-term alternative to more conventional LWR-based concepts. The economics of AdvSMRs will be impacted by the reduced economy-of-scale savings when compared to traditional LWRs and the controllable day-to-day costs of AdvSMRs are expected to be dominated by operations and maintenance costs. Therefore, achieving the full benefits of AdvSMR deployment requires a new paradigm for plant design and management. In this context, prognostic health management of passive components in AdvSMRs can play a key role in enabling the economic deployment of AdvSMRs. In this paper, the background of AdvSMRs is discussed from which requirements for PHM systems are derived. The particle filter technique is proposed as a prognostics framework for AdvSMR passive components and the suitability of the particle filter technique is illustrated by using it to forecast thermal creep degradation using a physics-of-failure model and based on a combination of types of measurements conceived for passive AdvSMR components.
Meyer, Ryan M.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Coble, Jamie B.; Mitchell, Mark R.; Wootan, David W.; Hirt, Evelyn H.; Berglin, Eric J.; Bond, Leonard J.; Henager, Charles H.
Scaling Issues for Large-Scale Grids
· ESNet Can Play a Very Important Role in the Science Grid �? Security Aspects of Grids · ESNet Can Provide will be important and very useful for managing large-scale virtual org. structures #12;·ESNet Can Play a Very Important Role in the Science Grid · ESNet can provide a rooted and managed namespace, and a place to home
Thermodynamics and scale relativity
It is shown how the fractal paths of scale relativity (following Nottale) can be introduced into a thermodynamical context (following Asadov-Kechkin).
Carroll, Robert
systems Water treatment systems Water evaporation systems Potential mining applications (produced water) Industry applications for which silica scaling must be prevented Benefits:...
The Cellular Burning Regime in Type Ia Supernova Explosions - I. Flame Propagation into Quiescent Fuel
We present a numerical investigation of the cellular burning regime in Type Ia supernova explosions. This regime holds at small scales (i.e. below the Gibson scale), which are unresolved in large-scale Type Ia supernova simulations. The fundamental effects that dominate the flame evolution here are the Landau-Darrieus instability and its nonlinear stabilization, leading to a stabilization of the flame in a cellular shape. The flame propagation into quiescent fuel is investigated addressing the dependence of the simulation results on the specific parameters of the numerical setup. Furthermore, we investigate the flame stability at a range of fuel densities. This is directly connected to the questions of active turbulent combustion (a mechanism of flame destabilization and subsequent self-turbulization) and a deflagration-to-detonation transition of the flame. In our simulations we find no substantial destabilization of the flame when propagating into quiescent fuels of densities down to ~10^7 g/cm^3, corroborating fundamental assumptions of large-scale SN Ia explosion models. For these models, however, we suggest an increased lower cutoff for the flame propagation velocity to take the cellular burning regime into account.
F. K. Roepke; W. Hillebrandt; J. C. Niemeyer
Property:Water Type | Open Energy Information
Type Type Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Water Type Property Type String Pages using the property "Water Type" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) 1 1.5-ft Wave Flume Facility + Freshwater + 10-ft Wave Flume Facility + Freshwater + 11-ft Wave Flume Facility + Freshwater + 2 2-ft Flume Facility + Freshwater + 3 3-ft Wave Flume Facility + Freshwater + 5 5-ft Wave Flume Facility + Freshwater + 6 6-ft Wave Flume Facility + Freshwater + A Alden Large Flume + Freshwater + Alden Small Flume + Freshwater + Alden Tow Tank + Freshwater + Alden Wave Basin + Freshwater + B Breakwater Research Facility + Freshwater + Bucknell Hydraulic Flume + Freshwater + C Carderock 2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel + Freshwater +
Type I and Two-Gap Superconductivity in Neutron Star Magnetism
Neutron-star inner cores with several charged baryonic components are likely to be analogues of the two-gap superconductor which is of current interest in condensed-matter physics. Consequently, type I superconductivity is less probable than type II but may nevertheless be present in some intervals of matter density. The intermediate state structure formed at finite magnetic flux densities after the superconducting transitions is subject to buoyancy, frictional and neutron-vortex interaction forces. These are estimated and it is shown that the most important frictional force is that produced by the stable stratification of neutron-star matter, the irreversible process being diffusion in the normal, finite magnetic-flux density, parts of the structure. The length-scale of the structure, in directions perpendicular to the local magnetic field is of crucial importance. For small scales, the flux comoves with the neutron vortices, as do the proton vortices of a type II superconductor. But for much larger length-scales, flux movement tends to that expected for normal charged Fermi systems.
P B Jones
Type checking and normalisation.
??This thesis is about Martin-L�f's intuitionistic theory of types (type theory). Type theory is at the same time a formal system for mathematical proof and� (more)
Chapman, James Maitland
Hybrid type checking
Phase distinctions in type theory. Manuscript, 1988. [10]Typechecking dependent types and subtypes. In Lecture notesF. Pfenning. Intersection types and computational effects.
Flanagan, C
Type 2 segmental glomangiomas
skin disorders: different types of severitiy reflectevidence for dichotomous types of severitiy. Arch Dermatol9. Happle R, K�nig A. Type 2 segmental manifestation of
Hoekzema, Rick; Zonneveld, Ingrid M; Wal, Allard C van der
Small Business Loan Program (Kentucky) | Open Energy Information
Small Business Loan Program (Kentucky) Small Business Loan Program (Kentucky) No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on August 28, 2013. EZFeed Policy Place Kentucky Applies to States or Provinces Kentucky Name Small Business Loan Program (Kentucky) Policy Category Financial Incentive Policy Type Loan Program Affected Technologies Biomass/Biogas, Coal with CCS, Concentrating Solar Power, Energy Storage, Fuel Cells, Geothermal Electric, Hydroelectric, Hydroelectric (Small), Natural Gas, Nuclear, Solar Photovoltaics, Wind energy Active Policy Yes Implementing Sector State/Province Primary Website http://www.thinkkentucky.com/kyedc/pdfs/SmallBusinessLoanProgram.pdf Summary The purpose of the program is to help small businesses acquire funding
On solving the profit maximization of small cogeneration systems
Cogeneration is a high-efficiency technology that has been adapted to small and micro scale applications. In this work, the development and test of a numerical optimization model is carried out in order to implement an analysis that will lead to the ... Keywords: cogeneration model, numerical optimization, thermoeconomics
Ana C. M. Ferreira; Ana Maria A. C. Rocha; Senhorinha F. C. F. Teixeira; Manuel L. Nunes; Lu�s B. Martins
Writing with Complex Type
29] Middendorp, J. 2004. Dutch type. 010 Publishers. [30]A. Hyland. 1992. Twentieth-century type. Laurence King. [7]Robertson. 2005. From Movable Type to Moving Type-Evolution
Lewis, Jason; Nadeau, Bruno
Reflected Solar Radiances from Regional Scale Scenes
A set of bi-directional reflectance models is presented for various atmospheric scene types. The models were composited from data collected from an aircraft platform in May-July 1979 during Summer MONEX. The space scale of the composited models ...
John M. Davis; Stephen K. Cox
abstract data type
Definition of abstract data type, possibly with links to more information and implementations. NIST. abstract data type. (definition). ...
Small Vessel Contribution to Underwater Noise
Understanding the types of noise generated by a small boat is important for ensuring that marine ecosystems are protected from detrimental anthropogenic noise. Here we present the results of a field test conducted to examine the effects of engine RPM, number of engines and number of propeller blades on the broadband and narrowband noise produced by a small boat. The test boat was a 23-foot aluminum-hulled boat with dual 100 hp engines. The broadband noise and narrowband peak levels were observed using two hydrophones in different locations. The broadband noise levels were affected by both the number of engines and the RPM; the narrowband peaks showed a greater increase in amplitude with an increase in RPM than the broadband noise levels.
Matzner, Shari; Maxwell, Adam R.; Myers, Joshua R.; Caviggia, Kurt A.; Elster, Jennifer L.; Foley, Michael G.; Jones, Mark E.; Ogden, George L.; Sorensen, Eric L.; Zurk, Lisa M.; Tagestad, Jerry D.; Stephan, Alex J.; Peterson, Mary E.; Bradley, Donald J.
small business r&d
08/12 - SMALL BUSINESS R&D. Legislation that usually does not gain much attention has turned controversial this year. On July 8, the House approved the�...
Small Business | Argonne National Laboratory
Historically Underutilized Business (HUBZone) Veteran-Owned Business (VOB) Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Business (SDVOB) Our commitment to small business Argonne is subject to...
ORNL Small Business Programs Office
Small Business Programs Office ORNL News at a Glance Battelle Labs Contracts Services Division Department Of Energy - Headquarters (DOE-HQ) Department Of Energy - Oak Ridge...
EVA for Small Manufacturing Companies
This paper examines introducing Economic Value Added as a performance measure for small manufacturing companies. Advantages and disadvantages of using Economic Value Added as a primary measure of performance as compared to sales, revenues, earnings, operating profit, profit after tax, and profit margin are investigated. The Economic Value Added calculation using data from a small company�s income and balance sheet statements is illustrated. Necessary adjustments to these financial statements, that are typical for a small company, are demonstrated to prepare the data for the Economic Value Added determination. Finally, potential improvement opportunities resulting from using Economic Value Added as a performance measure in small manufacturing companies are discussed.
Narcyz Roztocki; Kim Lascola Needy
New Mexico Small Business Assistance
Property:Scale Test | Open Energy Information
Scale Test Scale Test Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Scale Test Property Type Text Pages using the property "Scale Test" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) M MHK Technologies/Aegir Dynamo + Prototype model has been constructed and tested in a specially designed wave tank MHK Technologies/AirWEC + They had to file a our SBIR Phase I technical report before we could conduct comprehensive open water testing MHK Technologies/Atlantis AN 150 + Atlantis conducted tow testing configuration optimisation and performance enhancement of the Nereus150 prior to offshore installation Tow testing took place in November 2007 and February 2008 the results of this testing were observed verified and validated by Black Veatch B V High correlation between the actual and predicted power output were observed during this testing It is noted that at higher flows the AN400 outperformed the predicted power generation performance during this testing
Scaling Relationships Based on Scaled Tank Mixing and Transfer Test Results
This report documents the statistical analyses performed (by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for Washington River Protection Solutions) on data from 26 tests conducted using two scaled tanks (43 and 120 inches) in the Small Scale Mixing Demonstration platform. The 26 tests varied several test parameters, including mixer-jet nozzle velocity, base simulant, supernatant viscosity, and capture velocity. For each test, samples were taken pre-transfer and during five batch transfers. The samples were analyzed for the concentrations (lbs/gal slurry) of four primary components in the base simulants (gibbsite, stainless steel, sand, and ZrO2). The statistical analyses including modeling the component concentrations as functions of test parameters using stepwise regression with two different model forms. The resulting models were used in an equivalent performance approach to calculate values of scaling exponents (for a simple geometric scaling relationship) as functions of the parameters in the component concentration models. The resulting models and scaling exponents are displayed in tables and graphically. The sensitivities of component concentrations and scaling exponents to the test parameters are presented graphically. These results will serve as inputs to subsequent work by other researchers to develop scaling relationships that are applicable to full-scale tanks.
Piepel, Gregory F.; Holmes, Aimee E.; Heredia-Langner, Alejandro
Types of Costs Types of Cost Estimates
05-1 · Types of Costs · Types of Cost Estimates · Methods to estimate capital costs MIN E 408) costs apply to those items that are consumed in production process and are roughly proportional to level in cash flow analysis and in the decision to use the equipment for reclamation? Types of Costs #12
Boisvert, Jeff
· Types of Costs · Types of Cost Estimates · Methods to estimate capital costs MIN E 408: Mining the equipment for reclamation? Types of Costs #12;· Marginal Cost: Change in total cost Any production process involves fixed and variable costs. As production increases/expands, fixed costs are unchanged, so
Small Generator Aggregation (Maine) | Department of Energy
Generator Aggregation (Maine) Generator Aggregation (Maine) Small Generator Aggregation (Maine) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Fed. Government Fuel Distributor General Public/Consumer Industrial Installer/Contractor Institutional Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Municipal/Public Utility Nonprofit Residential Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Schools State/Provincial Govt Systems Integrator Transportation Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Maine Program Type Green Power Purchasing Provider Public Utilities Commission This section establishes requirements for electricity providers to purchase
Digital scale converter
A digital scale converter is provided for binary coded decimal (BCD) conversion. The converter may be programmed to convert a BCD value of a first scale to the equivalent value of a second scale according to a known ratio. The value to be converted is loaded into a first BCD counter and counted down to zero while a second BCD counter registers counts from zero or an offset value depending upon the conversion. Programmable rate multipliers are used to generate pulses at selected rates to the counters for the proper conversion ratio. The value present in the second counter at the time the first counter is counted to the zero count is the equivalent value of the second scale. This value may be read out and displayed on a conventional seven-segment digital display.
Upton, Richard G. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Large-Scale Hydropower
Large-scale hydropower plants are generally developed to produce electricity for government or electric utility projects. These plants are more than 30 MW in size, and there is more than 80,000 MW...
Fish scales and growth
Fish scales and growth Name: Belinda Clark Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: In my daughter's book about fish, it states that fish continue to get bigger as they age...
Lightning Scaling Relations Revisited
Scaling relations connecting storm electrical generator power (and hence lightning flash rate) to charge transport velocity and storm geometry were originally posed by Vonnegut in the 1960s. These were later simplified to yield simple ...
Dennis J. Boccippio
California Small Business Credit Initiative
California Small Business Credit Initiative On October 8, 2010, the U.S. Department of the Treasury moved to support business lending in California when it announced the state would receive $168.6 million in the state through the two California agencies that oversee small business lending: the Business
General Information > Performance Performance The performance indicators on this page illustrate how we performed against our small business goals and objectives in the past three years. Category: Goal: FY11 Actuals: FY10 Actuals: FY09 Actuals: Small Business 50.2% 45.7% 52.3% 55.9% Small Disadvantaged Business 8.0% 7.4% 7.3% 5.41% Women-Owned Small Business 8.0% 5.65% 7.5% 4.7% HUBZone 3.0% 2.2% 1.9% 1.2% Veteran-Owned Business 3.0% 6.4% 5.5% 11.4% Service Disabled Veteran-Owned 3.0% 2.5% 2.3% 8.93% LBNL FY12 Small Business Subcontracting Goals: Category: Goal = > %: FY12 Actuals as of 2nd Quarter: Small Business 50.2% 50.6% Small Disadvantaged Business 8.0% 7.24% Women-Owned Small Business 8.0% 7.13% HUBZone 3.0% 1.51%
Quantum noises and the large scale structure
We propose that cosmological density perturbation may originate from passive fluctuations of the inflaton, which are induced by colored quantum noise due to the coupling of the inflaton to the quantum environment. At small scales, the fluctuations grow with time to become nearly scale-invariant. However, the larger-scale modes cross out the horizon earlier and do not have enough time to grow, thus resulting in a suppression of the density perturbation. This may explain the observed low quadrupole in the CMB anisotropy data and and potentially unveil the initial time of inflation. We also discuss the implications to the running spectral index and the non-Gaussianity of the primordial density perturbation.
Wo-Lung Lee
Acid treatment removes zinc sulfide scale restriction
This paper reports that removal of zinc sulfide (ZnS) scale with acid restored an offshore Louisiana well's production to original rates. The zinc sulfide scale was determined to be in the near well bore area. The selected acid had been proven to control iron sulfide (FeS) scales in sour wells without causing harm to surface production equipment, tubing, and other downhole hardware. The successful removal of the blockage re-established previous production rates with a 105% increase in flowing tubing pressure. On production for a number of months, a high rate, high-pressure offshore well was experiencing unusually rapid pressure and rate declines. A small sample of the restrictive material was obtained during the wire line operations. The well was subsequently shut in while a laboratory analysis determined that zinc sulfide was the major component of the obstruction.
Biggs, K. (Kerr McGee Corp., Lafayette, LA (US)); Allison, D. (Otis Engineering Corp., Lafayette, LA (US)); Ford, W.G.F. (Halliburton Co., Duncan, OK (United States))
Locality and Scaling of Quenched Overlap Fermions
The overlap fermion offers the tremendous advantage of exact chiral symmetry on the lattice, but is numerically intensive. This can be made affordable while still providing large lattice volumes, by using coarse lattice spacing, given that good scaling and localization properties are established. Here, using overlap fermions on quenched Iwasaki gauge configurations, we demonstrate directly that the overlap Dirac operator's range is comfortably small in lattice units for each of the lattice spacings 0.20 fm, 0.17 fm, and 0.13 fm (and scales to zero in physical units in the continuum limit). In particular, our direct results contradict recent speculation that an inverse lattice spacing of 1 GeV is too low to have satisfactory localization. Furthermore, hadronic masses (available on the two coarser lattices) scale very well.
Terrence Draper; Nilmani Mathur; Jianbo Zhang; Andrei Alexandru; Ying Chen; Shao-Jing Dong; Ivan Horvath; Frank Lee; Sonali Tamhankar
Us | Us | facebook icon Small Business Programs Office ORNL People News at a Glance Content on this page requires a newer version of Adobe Flash Player. Get Adobe Flash player Small Business Policy Message from the Laboratory Director How to Do Business with ORNL Business Opportunities What we Buy ORNL Fact Sheet Directions to the ORNL Small Business Programs Office Links You May Need Battelle-Managed Laboratories Acquisition Management Services Department Of Energy - Headquarters (DOE-HQ) Department Of Energy - Oak Ridge Operations (DOE-ORO) DOE National Laboratories DOE Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) Electronic Subcontracting(eSRS) Reporting System FedBizOpps Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) SCORE Set-Aside Alert Opportunities Small Business Administration (SBA)
TYPE OF OPERATION TYPE OF OPERATION _--__---~~--~---~ a Research & Development cl Facility Type 0 Production scale testing 0 Pilot Scale 0 Bench Scale Process 0 Theoretical Studies a Sample SC Analysis 0 Hanuf actuiing 0 University a Research Organization 0 Government Sponsored Facility 0 Other ~---~~--_--_~-___--~ 0 Production 0 Disposal/Storage IYPLPEs!b!Iw!EI 0 Prime a 0 Subcontract& Other information (i.e., cost + fixed fee. unit price, *! Purchase Order time & material, qtc) _------ -------------42-----__--_---- ContFact/Purchase Order # ud IdlijL1\^IIJ ---------------------------- --------------------------------- OWNERSHIP: GOUT GOVT CONTRACTOR -CONTRACTOR awED LE_ASED OWNED ---------- ~-~LE!sEn LANDS BUILDINGS EQUIPMENT ORE OR RAW MATL 0 FINAL PRODUCT 0
, , TYPE OF OPERATION ~_--_-----_---___ 69 Research & Development a Facility. Type 0 Production scale testing Cl Pilat Scale IK Bench Scale Process 0 Theoretical Studies u Sample & Analysis q Production 0 Disposal/Storage a Manufacturing 0 University 0 Research Organization 0 Government Sponsored Facility 0 Other --------------__----- TYPE OF CONTRACT ---------------- 0 Prime 0 Other information (i.e., cost 0 Subcontractor + fixed fee, unit price, 5 Purchase Order ~SlvtM ay LuPo~l- time & material, r+c) _L-G~-~~~ ------GA------ Contract/Purchase Order # 3 I -? ciYl---------------------------- AZ. FG CONTRACTING PERIOD: --------__--_____- ----&-b&-f zw------ ______________ OWNERSHIP: AEC/MED AEC/MED OWE_3 LE_A_sEQ GOUT GOVT CONTRACTOR CONTRACTOR
Alden Small Flume | Open Energy Information
Flume Flume Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Alden Small Flume Overseeing Organization Alden Research Laboratory, Inc Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Flume Length(m) 17.1 Beam(m) 1.8 Depth(m) 1.8 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) $2500/week Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities Yes Maximum Wave Height(m) 0.2 Maximum Wave Length(m) Variable Wave Period Range(s) 0.0 Current Velocity Range(m/s) 0.0 Programmable Wavemaking Yes Wavemaking Description Period adjustable electronically, height adjustable mechanically Wave Direction Uni-Directional Simulated Beach No Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume Yes Velocity(m/s) >0.9 Recirculating No Wind Capabilities Wind Capabilities Yes
Penn Small Water Tunnel | Open Energy Information
Water Tunnel Water Tunnel Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Penn Small Water Tunnel Overseeing Organization Pennsylvania State University Hydrodynamics Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Tunnel Length(m) 0.8 Beam(m) 0.3 Depth(m) 0.3 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) Contact POC Special Physical Features Closed loop; Turbulence level = 0.1%; Pressure range = 3-60psi; Controlled cavitation = # >0.1; Control Air content = >1ppm per mole Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities None Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume Yes Velocity(m/s) 21 Recirculating Yes Pressure Range(Psi) 3 - 60 Wind Capabilities Wind Capabilities None Control and Data Acquisition Description National Instruments dynamic analyzer, 24-bit
Evaluation Ratings Definitions (Excluding Utilization of Small...
(WOSB), HUBZone small business, veteran-owned small business (VOSB) and service disabled veteran owned small business (SDVOSB). Complied with FAR 52.219-8, Utilization of...
Composting in small laboratory pilots: Performance and reproducibility
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We design an innovative small-scale composting device including six 4-l reactors. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We investigate the performance and reproducibility of composting on a small scale. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Thermophilic conditions are established by self-heating in all replicates. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Biochemical transformations, organic matter losses and stabilisation are realistic. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The organic matter evolution exhibits good reproducibility for all six replicates. - Abstract: Small-scale reactors (<10 l) have been employed in composting research, but few attempts have assessed the performance of composting considering the transformations of organic matter. Moreover, composting at small scales is often performed by imposing a fixed temperature, thus creating artificial conditions, and the reproducibility of composting has rarely been reported. The objectives of this study are to design an innovative small-scale composting device safeguarding self-heating to drive the composting process and to assess the performance and reproducibility of composting in small-scale pilots. The experimental setup included six 4-l reactors used for composting a mixture of sewage sludge and green wastes. The performance of the process was assessed by monitoring the temperature, O{sub 2} consumption and CO{sub 2} emissions, and characterising the biochemical evolution of organic matter. A good reproducibility was found for the six replicates with coefficients of variation for all parameters generally lower than 19%. An intense self-heating ensured the existence of a spontaneous thermophilic phase in all reactors. The average loss of total organic matter (TOM) was 46% of the initial content. Compared to the initial mixture, the hot water soluble fraction decreased by 62%, the hemicellulose-like fraction by 68%, the cellulose-like fraction by 50% and the lignin-like fractions by 12% in the final compost. The TOM losses, compost stabilisation and evolution of the biochemical fractions were similar to observed in large reactors or on-site experiments, excluding the lignin degradation, which was less important than in full-scale systems. The reproducibility of the process and the quality of the final compost make it possible to propose the use of this experimental device for research requiring a mass reduction of the initial composted waste mixtures.
Lashermes, G.; Barriuso, E. [INRA, UMR1091 Environment and Arable Crops (INRA, AgroParisTech), F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France); Le Villio-Poitrenaud, M. [VEOLIA Environment - Research and Innovation, F-78520 Limay (France); Houot, S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [INRA, UMR1091 Environment and Arable Crops (INRA, AgroParisTech), F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France)
Property:PotentialRuralUtilityScalePVGeneration | Open Energy Information
PotentialRuralUtilityScalePVGeneration PotentialRuralUtilityScalePVGeneration Jump to: navigation, search Property Name PotentialRuralUtilityScalePVGeneration Property Type Quantity Description The estimated potential energy generation from utility-scale PV in rural areas of a particular place. Use this type to express a quantity of energy. The default unit for energy on OpenEI is the Kilowatt hour (kWh), which is 3,600,000 Joules. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_of_energy It's possible types are Watt hours - 1000 Wh, Watt hour, Watthour Kilowatt hours - 1 kWh, Kilowatt hour, Kilowatthour Megawatt hours - 0.001 MWh, Megawatt hour, Megawatthour Gigawatt hours - 0.000001 GWh, Gigawatt hour, Gigawatthour Joules - 3600000 J, Joules, joules Pages using the property "PotentialRuralUtilityScalePVGeneration"
Property:PotentialUrbanUtilityScalePVGeneration | Open Energy Information
PotentialUrbanUtilityScalePVGeneration PotentialUrbanUtilityScalePVGeneration Jump to: navigation, search Property Name PotentialUrbanUtilityScalePVGeneration Property Type Quantity Description The estimated potential energy generation from utility-scale PV in urban areas of a particular place. Use this type to express a quantity of energy. The default unit for energy on OpenEI is the Kilowatt hour (kWh), which is 3,600,000 Joules. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_of_energy It's possible types are Watt hours - 1000 Wh, Watt hour, Watthour Kilowatt hours - 1 kWh, Kilowatt hour, Kilowatthour Megawatt hours - 0.001 MWh, Megawatt hour, Megawatthour Gigawatt hours - 0.000001 GWh, Gigawatt hour, Gigawatthour Joules - 3600000 J, Joules, joules Pages using the property "PotentialUrbanUtilityScalePVGeneration"