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"And Mr Santorum argued that this understanding (which he attributes to the Declaration of Independence) has been critical to the success of the constitution. Constitutions similar to our own, he noted, have proven dangerous in other contexts, he said; ours works precisely because it is anchored to the Declaration of Independence and therefore applies to people who have God-given rights and attributes. Before you dismiss this argument out of hand, recall that Mr Santorum is far from the only person to say that the American constitution doesn't work well outside of America; Ruth Bader Ginsburg recently said as much when talking about Egypt's constitutional process."
We usually criticize modern constitutions for not protecting minority rights, not preventing elite competition that leads to civil war, not preventing centralization of power in the executive, not preventing military takeovers, and not preventing internal discontent.
On these factors, I'm not so sure that there isn't a strong argument that the US Constitution didn't work all that well in America either. The success of our government has a great deal to do with subsequent precedent and the actions of individual men, not with a particularly great fit between our founding documents and our national character.
We owe a lot to a common enlightenment political culture for surmounting many of these difficulties, our early history featured a number of political leaders who consciously chose to weaken themselves despite the powers granted by the constitution. Not being in the enlightenment, it's not surprising that other countries don't get many George Washingtons and Thomas Jeffersons.
Also, our success has a lot to do with having frontier to alleviate discontent, those that are dissatisfied have an option beside unrest or a coup. It is very rare for a new country to have that. Also, the international community makes it much harder to do today what we were able to do to minorities that got in our way, new African states, for instance, can't do to their discontented minorities what we did to our natives. The Trail of Tears wouldn't be regarded as a purely internal matter today.
Further, we did have a number of problems. Political assassination is rather common in our history. The big constitutional failure, civil war, did happen here. Major violations of individual rights, like the Alien and Sedition Acts, also happened. These are the kinds of things that are generally meant when it is alleged that a constitution has proven dangerous.
My point being, the fact that we got through it and developed the institutions and precedents that have led to a successful and stable society doesn't mean that our Constitution was any less dangerous in our context than in others; surviving the dangers doesn't mean they aren't there. Arguing our context is different displays survivorship bias, an awful lot of contingencies happened to get where we got today. Without a number of great men, without learning from a lot of our mistakes, and without continuous adaptation to circumstances we wouldn't have gotten where we are today. We have without a doubt become something great, but this doesn't mean we started there.*
*This isn't to deny the Constitution was a great achievement for 18th century political philosophy. But I believe we've learned something sense then. With modern knowledge, we can craft something from the start that can get where we are with a lot of blood, sweat, and tears and a lot less reliance on the foresight and wisdom of great men.
That was a typically thoughtful post, Tzi. But isn't everything we've learned since then wrong?
With modern knowledge, we can craft something from the start that can get where we are with a lot of blood, sweat, and tears and a lot less reliance on the foresight and wisdom of great men.
Lessening the reliance on great men was one of the brilliant achievements of our founding fathers.
If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. - James Madison.
Thus separation of powers, enumerated powers, federalism, etc.
That we relied on exceptional leaders in our history reflects the intrinsic limits of constitutions, rather than our founders' lack of modern knowledge.
cs r,
I'm well aware that the intent of the founders was to limit the reliance on great men, I'd disagree that it does as good of a job of this as modern constitutional theory allows.
In particular, the US Constitution leaves the powers of the Executive insufficiently defines and allows the possibility of an assumption of too strong of powers. In addition, making the President Commander-in-Chief allows too much confusion regarding the division of civilian and military authority. This is what generally does in Presidential systems in other countries, despite nominally more powerful legislatures the President is able to dominate the system and gain too much authority of the military.
In the US, we're lucky we had George Washington and not Simon Bolivar. Despite this, the strong executive showed many of the same problems in the US that ultimately bring down other countries. The Alien and Sedition Acts would be a major example of this, but the Presidency has also shown more authority to use military force than is generally desirable in the executive branch.
In addition to the individual character of our leadership the US also had a few structural advantages that forestalled the problems in our Republic that have plagued others. First of all, the military technology and organization of the day favored decentralized military systems relative to our day, the lack of heavy artillery and an airforce made it substantially more difficult for a chief executive to centralize military power.
In addition, the Articles of Confederation meant that by the time our Constitution was adopted our military had already been largely demobilized. The most dangerous phase for a new Constitution is the first few years, even if a coup doesn't happen immediately a powerful chief executive frequently finds reasons to maintain a strong, centralized military presence and to gain support this we. Since we had demobilized before George Washington assumed office there was less chance from the beginning that he would be as powerfully influenced by the military establishment and current officers than most first chief executives under a new constitution.
I don't disagree that our Constitution is a significant advance in how to institutionalize things like separation of powers, enumerated powers, or federalism. However, none of these things are innovations of our system, they were all building on considerable precedent.* Today, building on our precedents new countries have the experience of our innovations to build even better constitutions.
Of course, these innovations are far less effective than the decades and centuries of precedent that lends our system the effectiveness and stability it has. No institutional measures can give as secure a separation of military and civilian powers as more than two centuries of precedent have given our state. However, this does not mean that we enjoyed this from day one, we too, went through a considerable period where there was a possibility of the Presidency centralizing power as it so often does in other presidential systems. If different people had been in power, if war had come to us earlier, or, possibly, if we didn't have the phase of government under the Articles of Confederation things could have been different.
Of course, there are limits to constitutions, but our Constitution simply represents the best that could be done at one point in time. Newer constitutions can do better, to at least a limited extent.
*For instance, our constitution relied heavily on classical precedent. The Roman Tribunate involved a separation of powers and an ability to veto the actions of the Consuls. Federalism is extremely common, all governments decentralize a number of their functions, the Dutch, for instance, were far more decentralized than us. Chinese Emperors had their powers considerably circumscribed by the dictates of their founders, the Ming, for instance, lacked authority to raise taxes (though they found some ways around this through exchange rate manipulation, they still remained taxed at absurdly low levels). Many Constitutional monarchies granted their kings only a few carefully enumerated powers, the Polish king had remarkably restricted powers (they even had a right of rebellion in their constitution, as well as a veto for all members of their legislature).
In other words, our current situation is neither related entirely causally to the Constitution nor is it a pure correlation. :-)
Good posts.
The Dutch "United Provinces" model was indeed more decentralised, and ultimately unworkable for a modern state. The legislature was dysfunctional, and the Stadhouders ended up assuming more and more control. The Netherlands declined through the 18th century; the modern Dutch state is really descended from the Batavian Republic instituted under Napoleonic dominance in the 1790s. (Which is why the flag is red-white-and-blue, not orange-white-and-blue.)
One thing I might add is that a 3,000 mile-wide moat between a fledgling state and other countries that might want to meddle or invade gives a certain level of security (relatively weak military) and time to develop institutions that the vast majority of other countries have not had.
One of the advantages that the United Provinces had, however, was stable credit which allowed them to finance the armies that kept them independent for so long. Also, trade. Republics are generally built on a foundation of material prosperity.
The American Enterprise probably owes far more to Hamilton than it does to Jefferson. He established a common currency, constructed infrastructure, established a stable system of taxation, established our credit, and turned the thirteen colonies into a single market. This is the machinery of a successful state.
The Constitution is but a piece of paper,fortunately short and clear enough for most people to read it and understand it in no time at all.
This saved the US from the tyranny of lawyers and politicians,at least for the first century and a half.
I see in this sense the Constitution as negating a negative more than affirming a positive.The positive(a government of the people and for the people) was put in motion thanks to the moral character of the ordinary people and political leaders of the first century of American experience,being the Constitution something of a blueprint, a foundation, but the house was built brick by brick by millions of committed hands.
And vice-versa, now people are less vigilant, thoughtful and involved in politics and the building is beginning to show signs of neglect, never mind the original, now ancient, blueprint´s merits or failures.
And by the way, when people in the XVIII century talked about "virtue" they were referring to the Roman concept of public virtue: for the citizen to put the common good of his body politic ahead of personal petty interests.To be a Scipio,his burial paid by public subscription, not a Gingrich or Santorum,selling themselves to the lobbying corporations whose actions they were supposed to have been elected to control.
How convenient to change the meaning of virtue and transform it into National Enquirer material.
I do not quite get what you mean, Doug.
jvictor, I was being a smart-aleck while every other post in this thread including yours was thoughtful. I don't get why you care what I mean. But, to each his own. I meant, facetiously, that since some of us have preferred to worship the founders instead of taking responsibility for the current state of affairs, Tzi's comment that "I believe we've learned something sense [SIC] then," is irrelevant. We are expected to act as though we've learned nothing since then.
Ha ha,sorry Doug, it is my fault I didn´t understand your joke right away.I´m always looking for the hidden stuff and blind to what´s freely offered on plain sight.
You are right, some of what has been learnt has been for the better and some for the worse.The overall balance quite on the plus side, which is counterintuitive since for most people going down is always easier than going up, as I think you would agree.
I agree with Jefferson´s idea about every few generations creating a new constitution taking into account all that has been learnt as well as the changing times. I think you eloquently argue for a revival of that creative drive that comes as a natural thought in growing body politics but is viewed with suspicion in aged ones.
Why not say it loud and clear that the time has come for constitutional review study groups to exchange thoughts and research across America, and for a Second Constitutional Convention to be assembled, perhaps by invitation of the Supreme Court,the Presidency and the leadership in Congress?
Is it not natural to correct any under-performing mechanism?
Is it not a statistically proven fact that a majority of Americans think poorly of the current government institutions?
"Just 13 percent of Americans in the latest ABC News/Washington Post poll approve of the way Congress is handling its job, while 84 percent disapprove – its worst rating in poll results since 1974. Sixty-five percent disapprove "strongly," a vast level of high-intensity criticism."-ABC news January 2012
"A greater percentage of Americans approve of polygamy than the United States Congress, according a set of polls.
Last month, a New York Times poll found that Congress' approval rating fell to an all-time low of 9 percent. Meanwhile, a recent Gallup poll found that 11 percent of people found polygamy "morally acceptable." Additionally, 30 percent of Americans expressed approval of pornography.
The Fix posted a telling chart created by Senator Michael Bennet that compared Congress' approval rating to a slew of unpopular people, things and ideas. "U.S. going communist" received an 11 percent approval rating, banks netted 23 percent and the BP oil spill received a shocking 16 percent.
A recent CNN poll showed that 52 percent of Americans surveyed approved of the individual mandate element of last year's health care reform, an issue that half of Congress railed against.
It's also worth noting that, during the Watergate scandal, Nixon's approval rating was at 23 percent."-HuffPost/NYT/CNN November 2011
Some will say that geopolitical considerations preclude any messing around with the rules of the game.But continuity of government is assured.One president hands over the nuclear launch codes to the next in the same organized, smooth and even ceremonial manner in which a newly crafted constitution could take effect after a certain date, in a gradual, predetermined way.A successful transition is not difficult to organize.
The Soviets did away with their system practically in the blink of an eye and yet the sky did not fell on anybody´s head.De Gaulle proclaimed a new French Republic.Even the Italians did away with their "Pentapartidocracy".Most large developing nations have had transformational political changes since the trend started with the Philippines´ Marcos in the Reagan Era, and it has served them well.Think of Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa...they are all better off today.
All the technological and societal tools necessary for the institution of a government more responsive to the interests and wishes of the population are available right now in greater abundance than at any other time in History.
So are the means to sedate the people into inaction.
It is just a matter of will.


text:
Shermans Travel » Europe
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This is a syndicated post from ZENIT - The World Seen From Rome. [Read the original article...]
Here is a translation of the Holy Father's words, given at around 7:00 pm on Saturday in the Lourdes Grotto of the Vatican Gardens, to a group of youths of the Diocese of Rome in search of their vocation. * * *
First of all, I apologize for being late, but the truth is that I didn't notice the time. I was in su…


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G'Day I have placed a few orders with MJM over the last few months and would like to congratulate the team on their products ,service, price and...Read More ->
Keep up the good work Jeff, and staff. I always find what I'm looking for, and price is always excellent. If shipping costs are required, it's nice...Read More ->


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Rockstar has released Grand Theft Auto: Vice City 10th Anniversary Edition for select Android devices following a week-long delay.
Priced at £3.74, the game features native high-resolution graphics, updated character models and lighting effects, new firing and targeting options, plus a customisable control layout.
The title was originally expected to launch last Thursday alongside the iOS version.
"Apologies to all of our Android-using fans for the slight delay," Rockstar said today.
"If you already purchased Vice City 10th Anniversary Edition while it was briefly available on Google Play last week, you won't need to re-purchase it - just download the latest update from Google Play (if your phone is set to automatically download updates then you're already all set to go)."
Rockstar founder Sam Houser said of the game: "Grand Theft Auto: Vice City is everything we loved about the 80's packed into a sprawling open world action game. We're thrilled to let mobile and tablet players experience everything Vice City has to offer."
We called the 2002 PS2 version of the game phenomenal in our original Grand Theft Auto Vice City review.
Get our impressions of the iPad version of GTA: Vice City here.


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Score Breakdown based on
10 Reviews
4.8 on January 05, 2015
Outstanding all around.
3.4 on November 21, 2014
Just a quick overnight stay. I asked for external entry and a fireplace, they made it happen. Check in/out staff was friendly. disclaimer- I did not dine but the score is required to submit.
4.0 on October 29, 2014
Stayed at the Wolf Creek Resort for 2-nights and came away with mixed emotions. The service/employees are polite and the grounds clean and well maintained. The "Wine Room" is a nice change from the usual Big Bear bars, but get to the Wine Room early as the seating fills up quick. There is a large picnic/play area within the resort, but all dirt. It would be nice to see concrete pads under the tables along with path ways through-out. Replacing the dirt in the horseshoe pit with playground sand would be a plus. Our only dissatisfaction with the facilities is there is nowhere to get a simple snack item or drink outside of the Wine Room. Vending machines or a small snack/drink market would be a great addition. While the cabin we stayed in was very clean and appeared to be recently renovated (paint, tile flooring, tile bath and shower, and kitchenette) they missed replacing the mattress. The mattress was sunk out in the middle along with appearing to only be a size "Full." This made it impossible to sleep comfortably. (Note: I don't think a larger mattress will fit and allow access to both sides of the bed.) I was warned at the time I made our reservation the cabin is quite small, but I was completely unprepared for how small the cabin is. I can only fault myself for not heading the registrar's warning. It is nice having kitchenette and fireplace. Unfortunately, the fireplace smell was so overwhelming we had to open the windows throughout the day to air-out.) The fireplace smell resulted in a severe sinus headache which took most of the morning to rid. The following night was much nicer as the cabin had aired out by that time. In all, the resort is a nice and our stay may have been nicer had we stayed in one of the hotel style rooms. If we were to stay longer than a few nights, the kitchenette in the cabin would prove to be valuable. But I will only re-visit a cabin provided the cabin is without fireplace and has received a new mattress. Gary.......
3.6 on September 25, 2014
We were pleasantly surprised that our room slept 6 people. We didn't need all the extra space, but it was nice to have. The lady at the front desk was very nice and even called me back to let me know we could check in early.
3.6 on September 04, 2014
We had one of the chalet's. We brought our 10yr old lab and he loved it. It was clean and perfect for what we needed on our stay. The wine room was lovely. Food was good and entertainment was great .
5 on September 04, 2014
Had a great stay here. The staff was friendly and helpful.
5 on August 25, 2014
The rooms were clean and the tenant was very nice, I can't wait to come back for another visit during the snow season. I stayed in a chalet and my friends were in the big cabin. They are both very nice. I haven't seen the motel rooms but I would chose to stay in the cabin or chalet only. They were private and nice to be in.
4.4 on January 18, 2013
This place isnt the fanciest place to stay in bear but tge place was clean and close to snow summit. I was greeted by avwarm smule of the front desk lady and the room and environment was quiet. I would recommend this place to friends and family. The wolf creek is alittle on the pricy side of rates for their rooms. Overall, I wouldn't hesitate on coming back to this place for a night's stay for a day on the slopes.
4.0 on January 17, 2013
Great experience. Everyone was very nice and it is close to everything.
5 on December 22, 2012
Room was great, less than a mile from parking at both resorts Bear and Summit. Staff was nice even gave me a $50 off next stay. Would definitely recommend this place for sure. Great rooms and wifi, TVs are old school but still nice.


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The quotation of the week last week had to be that of Harvard professor Daniel E. Lieberman in an opinion piece for the New York Times.
Lieberman, a professor of human evolutionary biology, was among those who publicly defended New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's plan to ban the sale of sugared soft drinks in cups larger than 16 ounces.
And he did so using, of all things, evolution.
Now, we all know that humans have always needed -- or evolved to need -- carbohydrates for energy. So how could evolution argue for Mayor Bloomberg's ban on sugar, a pure carbohydrate?
"We have evolved," the professor concluded his piece, "to need coercion."
In order to understand both how silly and dangerous this comment is, one must first understand the role evolutionary explanations play in academic life -- and in left-wing life generally. The left has always sought single, non-values based explanations for human behavior. It was originally economics. Man is homo economicus, the creature whose behavior can be explained by economics.
Rather than dividing the world between good and evil, the left divided the world in terms of economics. Economic classes, not moral values, explain human behavior. Therefore, to cite a widespread example, poverty, not one's moral value system, or lack of it, causes crime.
Recently, however, the economic explanation for human behavior has lost some of its appeal. Even many liberal professors and editorial writers have had to grapple with the "surprising" fact that violent crime has declined, not increased, in the current recession.
In the words of "Scientific American," "Homo economicus is extinct."
But the biggest reason for the declining popularity of economic man is that science has displaced economics -- which is not widely regarded as a science -- as the left's real religion. Increasingly, therefore, something held to be indisputably scientific -- evolution -- is offered as the left's explanation for virtually everything.
Evolution explains love, altruism, morality, economic behavior, God, religion, intelligence. Indeed, it explains everything but music. For some reason, the evolutionists have not come up with an evolution-based explanation for why human beings react so powerfully to music. But surely they will.
Now, along comes Professor Lieberman, not merely to use evolution to explain human behavior but to justify coercive left-wing social policy.


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Knowledge Translation in Health Care is a practical introduction to knowledge translation for everyone working and learning within health policy and funding agencies, and as researchers, clinicians and trainees. Using everyday examples, it explains how to use research findings to improve health care in real life.
This new second edition defines the principles and practice of knowledge translation and outlines strategies for successful ...
Want a NOOK? Explore Now
Knowledge Translation in Health Care is a practical introduction to knowledge translation for everyone working and learning within health policy and funding agencies, and as researchers, clinicians and trainees. Using everyday examples, it explains how to use research findings to improve health care in real life.
This new second edition defines the principles and practice of knowledge translation and outlines strategies for successful knowledge translation in practice and policy making. It includes relevant real world examples and cases of knowledge translation in action that are accessible and relevant for all stakeholders including clinicians, health policy makers, administrators, managers, researchers, clinicians and trainees.
From an international expert editor and contributor team, and fully revised to reflect current practice and latest developments within the field, Knowledge Translation in Health Care is the practical guide for all health policy makers and researchers, clinicians, trainee clinicians, medical students and other healthcare professionals seeking to improve healthcare practice.
List of contributors, ix
Section 1: Introduction
Chapter 1.1: Introduction: Knowledge translation: What it is and what it isn't, 3
Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe, and Ian D. Graham
Chapter 1.2: Integrated knowledge translation, 14
Sarah Bowen and Ian D. Graham
Section 2: Knowledge Creation
Chapter 2.0: Introduction: The K in KT: Knowledge creation, 27
Sharon E. Straus
Chapter 2.1: Knowledge synthesis, 29
Andrea C. Tricco, Jennifer Tetzlaff, and David Moher
Chapter 2.2: Knowledge translation tools, 50
Melissa Brouwers, Dawn Stacey, and Annette M. O'Connor
Chapter 2.3: Searching for research findings and KT literature, 63
K. Ann McKibbon and Cynthia Lokker
Chapter 2.4: Knowledge dissemination: End of grant knowledge translation, 75
Ian D. Graham, Jacqueline Tetroe, and Michelle Gagnon
Section 3: The Action Cycle
Chapter 3.0: Introduction, 95
Sharon E. Straus
Chapter 3.1: Identifying knowledge to action gaps, 97
Alison L. Kitson and Sharon E. Straus
Chapter 3.2: Adapting knowledge to local context, 110
Margaret B. Harrison, Ian D. Graham, Beatrice Fervers, and Joan van den Hoek
Subsection 3.3: Barriers
Chapter 3.3a: Barriers and facilitators: Strategies for identification and measurement, 121
France Legare and Peng Zhang
Chapter 3.3b: Mapping KT interventions to barriers and facilitators, 137
Heather Colquhoun, Jeremy Grimshaw, and Michel Wensing
Subsection 3.4: Selecting KT interventions
Chapter 3.4a: Developing and selecting knowledge translation interventions, 150
Michel Wensing, Marije Bosch, and Richard Grol
Chapter 3.4b: Formal educational interventions, 163
Dave Davis, Nancy Davis, and Nathan Johnson
Chapter 3.4c: Linkage and exchange interventions, 176
Jon Salsberg and Ann C. Macaulay
Chapter 3.4d: Audit and feedback interventions, 183
Robbie Foy and Martin P. Eccles
Chapter 3.4e: Informatics interventions, 189
Samir Gupta and K. Ann McKibbon
Chapter 3.4f: Patient-direct and patient-mediated KT interventions, 197
Dawn Stacey and Sophie Hill
Chapter 3.4g: Organizational interventions, 212
Ewan B. Ferlie
Chapter 3.4h: Shared decision making, 217
France Legare and Peng Zhang
Chapter 3.4i: Financial incentive interventions, 222
Gerd Flodgren, Martin P. Eccles, Anthony Scott, and Sasha Shepperd
Chapter 3.5: Monitoring knowledge use and evaluating outcomes, 227
Sharon E. Straus, Jacqueline Tetroe, Onil Bhattacharyya, Merrick Zwarenstein, and Ian D. Graham
Chapter 3.6: Sustaining knowledge use, 237
Barbara Davies and Nancy Edwards
Subsection 3.7: Case examples
Chapter 3.7a: Illustrating the knowledge to action cycle: An integrated knowledge translation research approach in wound care, 249
Ian D. Graham and Margaret B. Harrison
Chapter 3.7b: Tips on implementation, 263
Judith A. Ritchie
Section 4: Theories and Models of Knowledge to Action
Chapter 4.1: Planned action theories, 277
Ian D. Graham, Jacqueline Tetroe, and the KT Theories Group
Chapter 4.2: Cognitive psychology theories of change in provider behavior, 288
Alison M. Hutchinson and Carole A. Estabrooks
Chapter 4.3: Educational theories, 298
Alison M. Hutchinson and Carole A. Estabrooks
Chapter 4.4: Organizational theories, 308
Jean-Louis Denis and Pascale Lehoux
Chapter 4.5: Quality improvement theories, 320
Anne Sales
Section 5: Evaluation of Knowledge to Action
Chapter 5.1: Methodologies to evaluate effectiveness of knowledge translation interventions, 331
Onil Bhattacharyya, Leigh Hayden, and Merrick Zwarenstein
Chapter 5.2: Economic evaluation of knowledge translation interventions, 349
Emma Quinn, Craig Mitton, and Jeanette Ward
Section 6: Ethics
Chapter 6.1: Ethics in the science lifecycle: Broadening the scope of ethical analysis, 363
Kristiann Allen and Jaime Flamenbaum
Chapter 6.2: Ethical issues in cluster-randomized trials in knowledge translation, 378
Monica Taljaard, Charles Weijer, and Jeremy Grimshaw
Index, 393


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The Reader
Director: Stephen Daldry
Producer: Donna Gigliotti, Anthony Minghella, Henning Molfenter, Redmond Morris, Sydney Pollack and Charlie Woebcken
Cast: Ralph Fiennes, David Kross, Lena Olin, Bruno Ganz, Alexandra Maria Lara, Florian Bartholomäi, Friederike Becht, Matthias Habich, Jeanette Hain, Susanne Lothar, Alissa Wilms, Frieder Venus and Marie-Anne Fliegel
Classification: MA
Duration: 124 mins
Country: Germany
Release date: 19/02/2009
Release details: Limited National Release. Check daily newspapers for screening details.
Genre: Romantic Thriller
Lead actor: Kate Winslet
Screenplay: David Hare
Music: Nico Muhly
Distributor: Roadshow
Language: English
Movies and interviews from 18 February 2009
Zack And Miri Make A Porno | |
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The International | |
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The International Interview - Web Exclusive Extra Grabs | |
The Reader Interview - Web Exclusive Extra Grabs | |
The Reader | |
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A decade after his affair with an older woman, a law student re-encounters his former lover defending herself in a war-crime trial...
Margaret: David:
The Reader
Rated MA
Review by Margaret Pomeranz
Whenever I read a great book I worry about the film adaptation. Bernhard Schlink's THE READER is one of the best books I've read in the past decade.
Various rumours were flying when the film rights were picked up and the late Anthony Mingella slated to direct.
And ultimately Stephen Daldry took the reigns. But who to cast as the thirty something tram-conductor Hanna, who seduces a 15-year-old schoolboy? KATE WINSLET was actually a good choice for this difficult and possibly unsympathetic role.
The story takes place in Germany in the late 1950's, when Hanna and Michael,
(DAVID KROSS), embark on a torrid love affair in which him reading aloud to her plays a significant role.
Hanna disappears suddenly from Michael's life leaving him bereft, but a few years later when he's a law student, he sees her in court when she's one of a group of women on trial for war crimes.
This morally complex story that explores German guilt and responsibility for the Holocaust was directed by Stephen Daldry who, to his credit, carries the spirit, if not the exact letter of the book to the film.
Performances are excellent, KATE WINSLET, newcomer DAVID KROSS and RALPH FIENNES who brings a poignant melancholy to Michael as an adult.
I was incredibly moved by this film, the way it delves into emotional investment, the power of literature to humanise, the whole ambition to encompass the responsibility of a nation for the evil that occurred.
So thankfully I wasn't disappointed by the film of The Reader.
Further comments
MARGARET: David?
DAVID: Well, unlike you, Margaret, I haven't read the book, so I came to the film with absolutely no knowledge of what it was about.
MARGARET: That's a good way to come.
DAVID: Which is a good way to come. And I was totally enthralled by it. I think it's a very powerful story. Maybe a little predictable in a certain element, which we won't go into, but certainly a fascinatingly different take on the Holocaust and that whole dreadful chapter of history. I think Kate Winslet gives a remarkably good performance.
MARGARET: She is terrific, isn't she. Yeah.
DAVID: And I think she deserve the awards she's won so far and I guess she's probably going to win the Oscar. So it's a great performance from her. But I think everybody in the film is very good. There's a really sure sense of time and place, which is always very important. I thought the court room scenes were excellent.
MARGARET: And I think Daldry's created that era very well, too.
DAVID: Well, that's what I mean. Yes, I think he has, very well indeed.
MARGARET: And he hasn't exploited the film in any way or the story in any way.
DAVID: No. It could have been, yeah.
MARGARET: I think it's very contained.
DAVID: Yeah.
MARGARET: And some people may find it unemotional but I found it so emotional.
DAVID: Oh, I agree. I found it quite emotional.
Movie details
Title:The ReaderDirector: Stephen Daldry
Producer: Donna Gigliotti, Anthony Minghella, Henning Molfenter, Redmond Morris, Sydney Pollack and Charlie Woebcken
Cast: Ralph Fiennes, David Kross, Lena Olin, Bruno Ganz, Alexandra Maria Lara, Florian Bartholomäi, Friederike Becht, Matthias Habich, Jeanette Hain, Susanne Lothar, Alissa Wilms, Frieder Venus and Marie-Anne Fliegel
Classification: MA
Duration: 124 mins
Country: Germany
Release date: 19/02/2009
Release details: Limited National Release. Check daily newspapers for screening details.
Genre: Romantic Thriller
Lead actor: Kate Winslet
Screenplay: David Hare
Music: Nico Muhly
Distributor: Roadshow
Language: English
Your rating: The Reader
(Comments are closed)
Comment: Probably one of the most powerful movies I have seen in a long time. In the film there are many different and significant themes explored, but, as with life, there is no "this is the answer", but rather a convincing and realistic presentation of the uncertainty of morality, the law and life in general, backed by excellent acting. Of the many questions this film raises, the one that is most interesting to me is 'Would Hannah have been better or worse, as a person in her situation, if she had been literate?'
Comment: I came away from this film wanting to live my life with more integrity. I was in tears the last 20 minutes, totally unexpectedly. I was gripped by the fact that this man was able to teach this woman to read and allow justice to be done at the same time. Of course this woman should have gone to jail but she was allowed to develop a love for books. I really think this is the kind of movie best watched alone in a thoughtful fashion, definately not for a crowded theatre.
Comment: This scarifying film, with outstanding performances from its principals, does justice to the morally complex issues of guilt about and culpability for the Holocaust's horrifying crimes. It has a sustained psychological credibility also exploreing the nature and dispensing of justice including a preparedness to scapegoat an illiterate, rigidly socialised person to help assuage a nation's collective trauma. In Hanna we meet a person who while capable of human warmth and able to be stirred deeply by literature, can also unquestioningly obey orders condemning innocent fellow humans to horrific deaths. Is it a case of "There but for the grace ..."?
Comment: This movie has only just made it to our town and it has stayed with me, which doesn't happen with many things for me. I'm often annoyed by incomplete endings, but as it was set up early on I found it wistful and complex. Life is complex...
Comment: As a dutchie I am used to war movies about choices and consequences, guilt and innocence instead of flying bullets.
I thought the ending was weak and too convenient. It just ducked too many issues.
Other than that it was a good movie, very well made, very well acted but not a great movie. It is restricted by the script and the silly german accents.
Comment: A moving, intelligent film. I concede Winslet's Hannah has softer edges than the novel's Hannah, though the film certainly does not excuse her behaviour. Hannah's serious moral deficiencies are evidenced by her reckless disregard for what her affair with Michael will do to his life. Ashamed of her illiteracy and terrified of exposure, so blind is she to moral insight that only Michael's "reading" can start her on the road to a humane conscience of sorts. I don't think the film veers toward revisionism - the silent outrage is palpable at the other guards on trial who get off lightly.
Comment: This movie contributes to the already growing problem of adults seducing kids. Such a movie is disturbing.
Comment: Best movie I've seen in a very long time, period.
Comment: Kate Winslet got her character absolutely right in this utterly moving, yet in no way cloying portrayal of shame, love and human tragedy in the aftermath of the black years of the Holocaust. Her acting during the love affair with a well cast David Kross was touching and sensitive, but in the courtroom she was absolutely stunning. By portraying Hanna in all her tragic complexity Winslet gave us a deserving oscar winning performance. She touched a vein which is common to all humanity, thus challenging her viewers to look not only at the screen but also at themselves. Brava!
Comment: Good movie for lively debate
I found this strangely unmoving considering material covered. is it trying to re write history are we seeing a more sympathetic take on holocaust ? the connections between art and morality ... guilt and acceptance or not
Winslet good bad old makeup Fiennes -wooden .
need some editing, caught feel of era.
Hanna ruins Michael's life , kills 300, is unaware and unmoved ? is she morally bankrupt
when Hanna asks the judge - well what would you do ? i think it is pretty obvious most people know what they would do.
Comment: A superb film, realistic and compassionate. Not recommended if you like comforting, simplistic "good versus evil" stories and/or you have a short attention span; otherwise a must see.
Comment: I cried! Simply the most beautiful film that relates to Nazi Germany and holocaust! This was such a flowing film. I didn't get bored, I didn't get distracted. Everything made sense. Everything connected so well. Kate Winslet was amazing! Watch it!
Comment: A powerful, emotionally gripping movie, but I was totally unprepared for the naked sex scenes between a teenage boy and a woman twice his age. The use of nakedness and being clothed was a powerful device in conveying the willingness of either character to be vulnerable with each other. The movie heads towards an inevitable conclusion from the halfway point but the real dilemma that Michael faces emotionally and ethically hits the mark. Hannah is a controversial figure and Michael an ultimately wrecked one - their interplay holds that movie in binary orbit throughout the time lapse of the film.
Comment: The Reader was a very good film but way too slow.
I couldn't get emotionally involved either which is a real shame becausei wanted to and usually would.
Kate Winslet is good, especially later in the film but i had trouble understanding her rather erratic and moody character, i had no sympathy for her.
The peformance that took my breathe away was that of the fine David Kross, he was brilliant and would deserve an oscar nomination for his challenging work here.
Too slow to be a great film experience for me, but was touching at times and always good.
Comment: poignant , brillant, and intimate
Comment: Moved a bit too slowly for me, and I felt slightly irritated at the attempt at German-ness by using German accents. That was a bit silly (we know they are English actors!)and somehow limited the acting, hence my middling rating. I, too, found the 'kid' nickname unnatural and annoying.
Otherwise a moving story, especially the later part where Hannah is in jail. I especially liked the boy, David Kross, who was wonderful and believable as he struggled with his obsession. But not one of the best movies for me.
Comment: I am so glad someone else who has perfect hearing noticed how hard it was to hear. I usually don't have a problem at the movies but this one was shocking. I missed a lot which probably led to me not absorbing as much as I could.
Kate is brilliant.
Comment: This is a fabulous movie. If only the Australian & American movie makers could revert to making movies without all the obnoxious language that so pervades so many movies these days.
My most favourite movies of recent times have been "Sophie Scholl", "Downfall", The Lives of Others" and "The Reader". Others have been "The Duchess" and "Doubt". Count the swear words in these movies and be pleasantly surprised.
I saw "Gran Turino" recently and only that I was with a friend, could easily have walked out!! Serious movie-goers don't want obscenities uttered every second word....enough said??
Comment: At the heart of the story of "The reader" is the tragedy of the character of Hanna, a deeply disturbed woman clearly unable to discern right from wrong. A more enlightened society may have determined that she was mentally ill, but at a time that produced Hitler and the Nazi's, Hanna's life became a metaphor for that society. The Law professor's statement,"If you people cannot learn from my experiences, then what's the point?", may have been a little misplaced.
Comment: I haven't read the book but it must be a short story....... not much really happened. Take away the very sensitive topic and what was left? I feel that in the last few years anyone can make a movei about a sensitive topic and it is reviewed as fabulous and the only type of movie that can win awards. What happened to brilliant entertainment which can be topical (eg Slum Dog Millionaire). Didn't hate the movie but didn't really enjoy it either.....
Comment: What an unsympathetic character Hannah was - exploitating an immature boy, repeating the pattern she established in the camps with young inmates who ultimately got selected for Auschwitz while Michael only got dumped. And then opting to shoulder the full burden of 300 deaths rather than admit to her illiteracy - give me a break. Are we now seeing holocaust revisionism creeping into film. The depiction of the Jewish survivor in her luxurious setting smacked of a different kind of negative stereotype.
Comment: Looking through the other reviews I'm surprised to find some very negative ones. Some distain on moral ground but the questions of morality are the films strengths. Some claim insensitivity but I think they must have hearts of stone - the ending broke my heart. Some say it was unbelievable which is debatable but it seems to me that a tremendous amount of care has gone into making this film. It has made me think further about the deep wounds that Germany as a nation had to deal with after WW2. It looks brilliantly at the complexity of human frailty.
Comment: Kate Winslet played her role brilliantly. Her character was human, a victim of circumstance, rather than the horrific Nazi avoiding responsibility. She was incapable of independent examination of what she was required to do and because of that and her illiteracy, she became a scapegoat. She had a kind of honesty and vision of self worth which the other guards lacked, and was condemned for it. Despite his love for her, the boy lacked the strength of character to give her the support she desperately needed. He failed her and it affected the rest of his life. A great film.
Comment: I was left feeling nothing after the movie. I read the book for my bookclub and it was a great book to dissect with many themes. I still can't understand why Hanna chose to keep her illiteracy a secret and therefore volunteered for a job in the death camps. Surely she knew what was happening there. I could not conjure up a tear. The court scenes were the movie's saving grace.
Comment: Regarding Viv's concerns about the "p" word - Michael is 15 because he symbolises the "2nd generation" Germans who grew up amidst loved ones complicit in the crimes of National Socialism. The age gap by necessity is a generation's length in order for the story to make its point. As Schlink says in many interviews, those of his generation do indeed feel guilt. Yes Maria, many did resist, but many "monsters" who partook prospered after the war, had families, loved ones, etc. This does not allow them to be forgiven, just brings home the complexity of the issues.
Comment: a beautifully crafted and poignant film that tackles difficult many-layered issues with empathy and insight. a daring casting of kate winslet which absolutely succeeds even when she is so physically 'unattractive' and she is able to convince her connection to kid (which does irritate- michael would have been my preferred name as there was no doubt he was a kid; sensitive and adult in his responses to hanna's contrariness). a brilliant piece of work that won't leave my consciousness.
was gertrude his campus fling?
Comment: An interesting, thought provoking film with terrific performances, especially Kate's. But those writing here who take a position against the film because of unjustifiable acts by its characters are missing the point. And those who mention paedophilia in relation to this film don't know the meaning of the word - it refers to pre-pubescent children, not adolescents.
An adult film in the best sense of the word.
Comment: People in authoritarian regimes also have the option to resist, as many did. I have difficulty reconciling the romance, the eroticism and Michael's obsession with the horrors underlying the film (which are not even visually depicted, the viewer instead being left to piece together the fragments of Hannah's history and crimes through the brief court room scenes). Thus, the most important elements in this story are buried beneath the narrative of the tragedy of her illiteracy. It saddens me that such a shallow treatment of the themes in this film is being celebrated. i have lowered my rating accordingly.
Comment: The oddesy. Not the return home.
Comment: I can understand, but not condone, why people living in an authoritarian regime can do appalling things and justify them on the basis that other people are doing them, so it must be ok ,and that they are ordered to do them... The complexity of our natures: our goodness, our weakness, how we exploit others, how we are exploited, how we don't always stand up for what is right, our need for closeness and connection - all universal human traits. A great movie. I am still discovering nuances as I replay it in my mind....
Comment: At first it was annoying because of the sex and discussion in my house about double standards for the sexes especially regarding pedophilia. But the real issue was not pedophilia.
Kate Winslet became a woman continuing to act as the system required, both in the past and in the present. (Perhaps sex with the boy was her only real rebellion). She could never questioned authority. Catch 22 situation for her, given her culture. The hard reality that must be for people in these situations. Would any of us do any better. We like to hope so!
Comment: Not in the Oscars, nor in all the reviews I've read and listened to about this 'romantic' film, has anyone mentioned the 'p' word or even recognised Hannah as a paedophile. Or is 15 the age of consent in Germany? Imagine the debate if Hannah was instead a Henry in his mid 30's and 15 year old school boy Michael was school student Michelle. It was another important theme in this film that got the shallow treatment. Strange times indeed!
Comment: I am with Maria, William, Steve below. What is the message here? Why would you want to walk in this woman's uncompromising shoes? There are plenty of poor, illiterate people in the world who know the difference between right and wrong. We have certainly been conned with this film. Happy to watch a film that meaningfully examines guilt and responsiblity, culpability, remorse etc. But this film's only true moment came at the end of the film when the true hero of the film says "nothing good came out of the camps." I agree with those labelling the film "cultural pornography."
Comment: What a superb film. Oh so moving and so very, very thought provoking. Kate Winslett was wonderful; David Kross and Ralph Fiennes just beautiful. This was one of those movies where you just have to sit and think before you can move to leave the cinema.
Comment: An excellent film of young love and passion tempered by the guilt of the older woman for past wrongs. The end was her punishment for all her wrongs- the love of her "reader" would never be as it was and meant much more than 20 years in prison.
Comment: Wonderful acting and moving story. I love that the director doesn't dictate morals but rather emphasises 'grey'. Really worth seeing.
Comment: Hannah's inability to respond compassionately and rationally to the dreadful plight of others was, to me, the outcome of a life lived without the powerful influence of 'books' to mould and shape her thoughts above the mundane and towards living a life based on understanding empathy towards others. I worry that today's children, similarly deprived of good literature (replaced by electronic games and the like) may miss out on the deep connections to their own deepest instincts for good and decent living that reflective reading can provide. Wonderful movie, lots to think about.
Comment: I loved Schlink's book so was wary when I heard a film was to be made. Delighted with final product. Daldry captured the heart of the story. Kate Winslet's performance was stunning and Oscar-worthy. But equally excellent was David Kross - who captured the 15 year old Michael brilliantly. Compelling film, worth a second look.
Comment: Painful accents and over acting. Kate winslet and that "Kid" nick name she uses for the boy. Couldn't watch past 30 mins. Torture!!!
Comment: Agree with those below that find this film unsavoury. Are we really meant to feel any sympathy for this aging war criminal? The film is naive and a very shallow study of guilt and responsiblity. It left a bitter taste in my mouth...
Comment: I'm surprised the extent to which viewers attend movies to nit-pick rather than merely absorb their message. Starting from scratch, then adding everything necessary to make a movie such as this blows my mind. Some are quick to condemn Hanna. Try walking in her shoes? Query why she was illiterate? What a heavy burden that was? She was cut of from knowledge about all sorts of things? Right? Wrong? Her question of the judge "What would you have done?" From the comfort of two decades later and all his "learning", he had no answer. No one has mentioned Lynndie England.
Comment: I loved this movie and thought Kate Winslet was fabulous. David Kross was excellent and portrayed his part with sensitivity and emotion.
Comment: Same rating as Schindler's list? Gimme a break!
there were thousands of citizens in Nazi Germany who helped the oppressed, and deserve a movie.
Not a scintilla of reason to make this story, and not a true reflection of the book.
Comment: I actually found this to be a disappointing adaptation. I read and loved the book and found that the film didn't really delve into the emotional fixation that the character of Michael had with Hanna. The performances from Winslet and Kross were brilliant. Why did they have to use Ralph Fiennes. I found him to be extremely bland and added a touch of boredom to the proceedings. Lena Olin was impressive in an albeit small role. A good move. Not a great one.
Comment: Interesting film, very much enjoyed it, though I really felt that David Kross stood out, far more so than Winslet. Have definately felt more from other performances from her. I was moved by this movie though.
Comment: Kate Winslet in this film reminded me a lot of Meryl Streep in Sophie's Choice. Both played tragic characters emotionally destroyed by events related to the holocaust which left them consumed by guilt and unable to engage.
An engrossing study into overlapping moral dilemmas that would have been worth 41/2 stars if it had 10 minutes lopped off the end.
Comment: Briliant; sensitive and measured. Too few films like this around today now that the superficial, quick adrenalin hit movie seems to reign. Winslet and Fiennes both deserved an oscar.
Comment: Gutsy performances. But flawed in its basic premise of finding redeeming qualities in a woman who is really beyond sympathy. How is this about the humanising power of literature? We see a controlling woman abusing first her power as an SS guard and then her power as an older lover - hurting, abandoning and ultimately destroying those who have shown her kindness. A woman who elevates shame about her illiteracy above the lives of innocent people. I have trouble understanding Michael's obsessive investment in this woman. This is a film which doestn't connect with the horrific events underlying it.
Comment: I wish I'd been moved like those commenting before me, but I found the film curiously unaffecting, despite the excellent performances of Winslet and Kross. I suppose this was due to the repulsiveness of the former's character, and the remoteness of the latter's. Despite the shifting backwards and forwards in time there were too few resolutions of the different threads (eg Michael's relationships with his family, wife and daughter) The portrayal of the trial was superficial and unsatisfying.
Comment: I thought this was a stunning film. i liked that it made you think without being depressing. Beautiful artistic direction. I thought David Kross and Kate Winslet were amazing; a very deserving Oscar. And i loved that it centred around the Holocaust without being set at the time. Interesting that the Jewish woman survivor seemed very rich and successful but not at all happy?
Comment: I read the book about 10 years ago and really loved it. I was really disappointed with the film - it just didn't work for me; KW is good (although I thought she was better in Revolutionary Road) and yes it does raise some important moral issues surrounding individual and collective guilt/responsibility, however, the film falls short in many ways (too long; tedious; characters not believable) not the least because it should have been a German film with German actors - it was weird listening to actors with different accents (reminded me of that terrible series Holocaust with Meryl Streep).
Comment: powerful movie with great work from all the actors.I had not read the book, but was enthralled with the movie all the way through.and I found myself recounting certain pieces of the film on the way home as well, which is a good indication of the type of movie it was.the actors, especially kate , portrayed the sad Hanna very well indeed. Having seen the other films nominated for Oscars, I feel Kate winslet was a wortyh winner.
Comment: I found this movie to be very good. the love scenes were done in a very tasteful yet erotic way.
Comment: I hadnt read the book so all I knew was the synoposis on the theatre website.
The film moved me to tears a number of times.
Unlike some comments already posted, I found the sex scenes integral to my understanding of what was to come later.
The entire cast did a great job!
I loved this film.
Comment: Compared to Frost/Nixon and Rev Road I found much of this film surprisingly superficial. The last 15 minutes and the ending (ugh - did it come from Lassie?) added nothing at all and could have been deleted.
Comment: Wonderfully portrayed, directed, acted and presented. A thoughtful movie....one we will discuss for some time.
Pity though, about the sound/the mumbling of some of the actors. I'm conscious of this even though I've 110% hearing, I lose so much of the dialogue because of the fact that the younger actors are usually on their third or fourth word before one starts to hear what they are saying.
My husband is giving up up on these movies, sadly, as he hasn't a hope of hearing any dialogue despite hearing aids worth $9,000 (and that figure is correct!).
Comment: This is a fairly dreary movie with the first 20 minutes or so being almost one long sex scene with a few book readings in between. 5 minutes would have been long enough to set the scene.
Also none of the characters were very beleivable and Ralph Fiennes was his usual insipid self.
The court scene was interesting and did bring up one or two interesting points. I think it is unemotional . The only emotional part was where Fiennes goes to give the money to the Jewish woman and she takes the tea cannistor instead of the money
Comment: Another moving story about Germany and the holcaust with great acting and script. However when can we get a film about war crimes and guilt set after masscares in Rwanda Sudan Cambodia etc .
Comment: A disjoinned illogical (if there were no survivors of the fire - how did the old women write the book?) flop about a man who longs and pines for an afair he had at 15. The characters come from a comic book - flat.
We have been coned - we need better writters, music and great pictures don't do enough.
So much could have been explored.
Comment: A beautiful and thought provoking film that will stay with you. David Kross' performance is superb, but there is no doubt, this is Kate's film. She is clearly in the top 6 actors (male or female) in the world at present and deserves the Oscar. Ironically, in her hilarious cameo on "Extras" she claims, " If you do a film about the holocaust, you're guaranteed an Oscar". I think that theory is about to be proven.
Comment: A fascinating story,beautifully acted and very thought-provoking.I came home and read all the articles on the net concerning the film,the book and the author.Ultimately the film asks more questions than it answers.I love movies that keep me thinking,seeking other people's opinions,probing the deeper issues.And if kate Winslet doesn't win the Oscar it will be purely political!
Comment: Ok film, a bit slow at times. Winslett puts in a good performance as Hanna the tram conductor who seduces the 15 year old school boy.
Comment: A thought provoking and intrigueing film. Is what Hanna did any worse than the pilot who dropped the bomb on Hiroshima? Or for that matter the vast majority of Germans who went along with Hitler? No doubt many of them were just 'doing their job'.
It is also fascinating to see that to some people the stigma of illiteracy can have such profound influence on someones life.
A very moving and human story well told with great performances from the lead actors.
Comment: Towards the end the power of the film wandered off, but overall it was powerful film.For me it was about conscience as well as love and guilt.I left the cinema in a somewhat sombre mood thinking about the way the court case went and why the suicide..I am still thinking!
Comment: The film lost because of that German-accent-English which I didn't like. And all that transformation of beautiful young women into an old woman...well we've seen plenty of that...otherwise very good...
Comment: This is a very faithful adaptation of Schlink's popular novel, with a small change at the end where Hare allows a ray of hope as Michael relates the story to his daughter. But you don't have to have read the book to appreciate it. All the players were fantastic and the production design was perfect---it conjured a sense of melancholy for the awful events of last century which stayed with me for the rest of the afternoon.
If Winslet gets an Oscar for playing Hanna in this film she well deserves it.
Comment: Definitely agree with both Margaret and David. It's a very good movie with Kate Winslet giving a powerful performance. You will not come out of the cinema with a smile on your face, and judging by the woman sitting next to us, there will be more than a few tears shed. The court room scenes are terrific, but I couldn't help wondering why Michael's parents didn't insist on asking where he had been, and why he was always late for dinner!!. He definitely had a better offer, that's for sure. Four stars all the way.
Comment: David Cross deserves the best actor category for this film. Though I liked Kate Winslett, it didn't require much "acting" to be a withdrawn character. Any emotion that I felt was due to David Cross' great acting. Sometimes, I wonder if critics don't get on a bandwagon where praise is concerned?
Comment: I watched this film with no preconception on what the plot was about. I was just in anticipation of Kate Winslets performance. And it was indeed stunning. Her character always seemed real and you always wanted some way to like her despite her wrenched past. Both David Kross and Ralph Fiennes portrayed Michael and both brought a sensational anguish to the screen. A very well directed and constructed film.
Comment: Something disturbing about this film. The well to do Jew at the end - without any compassion? The character of Kate Winslet - kind of gratuitisly amped up for a modern audience? - ex Nazi doing 60's type love scenes?
Comment: Starts off slow, and then stops you in your tracks before totally absorbing you. I had no idea what the film was about before it started, and that is the best way to see this film. Incredible!
Comment: We(4 of us) enjoyed the movie and there was lively discussion afterwards. The conflict was about why Michael sent the tapes and if Hannah had real remorse or did she not want to leave the prison and again go out into the world with her secret.
All performances were excellent.
Comment: For the first hour I was absolutely rivetted. It was so moving, so beautiful yet so tragic.
How I held myself together at the cinema, I'll never know. I just felt like weeping. Although it is one of the best films I have ever seen, and I consjder myself a bit of a movie buff, I don't think I could see it again. I felt devastated at the end
Comment: A beautifully made film in every way. Brilliant performances and direction. Make way for Oscar!


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Sun, Aug 10, 14 at 10:55
I have searched and found a lot of conflicting information on growing Drumstick Alliums in my area. Can I plant the bulbs this far south, outdoors? Do I have to dig them up at some point and then replant them later? Are they better grown in large pots? Has anyone actually planted them and gotten them to grow successfully? If so, please share how/where/when with me. Also, are there Alliums more suited/sure growing for south FL than the Drum Stick ones? Thanks! |
Follow-Up Postings:
I had the book out, so I looked this up in Garden Bulbs for the South by Scott Ogden. He says this species might be okay, but Ft. Lauderdale is so tropical that I wouldn't risk it. Society garlic would do well, tho. I see there are cheap used copies available of the Ogden book at Amazon, now out of print. Might want to buy one. |
Here is a link that might be useful: Garden Bulbs for the South
IITM provide the Best education in B.Tech Course.To get more information regarding admission in B.Tech to visit our site iitmanagement.com |
Here is a link that might be useful: http://www.iitmanagement.com
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Thanks in advance for any answers.
I was hoping to get my garden started early this year with greens, peas, and broccoli, and wanted some thoughts on how early I can go? It's been a warm winter, and the 10 day forecast suggests it's going to be even warmer, with virtually no below freezing temperatures. My garden is also slightly elevated and against a brick wall that gets sun all day, which may help protect against frosts/freezes. Am I crazy for thinking about starting peas, broccoli, and a bunch of greens (lettuce, kale, spinach, swiss chard, etc) this weekend? Even if we do get another hard freeze or two, most of these guys should be able to survive unless it gets into the mid to low 20s, and if worst comes to worst I have enough seeds to replant them... Thoughts? |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by atl.veggie none (My Page) on Tue, Jan 31, 12 at 8:27
last year I put broccoli, brussel sprouts ... carrot seed in the ground and even with last years above average cold everything grew well not sure I would trust lettuce to not freeze to death tried to till my garden spot last week, it was to soggy, will take a couple more dry days |
- Posted by organic_gardenhag 10 (My Page) on Wed, Feb 1, 12 at 15:29
Are you talking about direct sowing, not covering anything? Just wondering, I am anxious too, my soil is ready for anything, I want to do with it. |
- Posted by girlgroupgirl 8 ATL (My Page) on Thu, Feb 2, 12 at 0:10
It's time to plant root crops!! |
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Pursuant to the terms of the previously announced merger agreement, Hologic expects to effect a merger of the Purchaser with and into Third Wave. In the merger, the Purchaser will acquire all other Third Wave shares (other than those as to which holders properly exercise appraisal rights) at the same $11.25 per share price, without interest and less any required withholding taxes, that was paid in the tender offer. As a result of the merger, Third Wave will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hologic. Hologic intends to complete the merger as soon as practicable. If, as a result of additional shares tendered and purchased in the subsequent offering period or otherwise, the Purchaser becomes the owner of at least 90% of the outstanding Third Wave shares, the Purchaser will be able to effect the merger without the need for a meeting of Third Wave stockholders. Third Wave stockholders who continue to hold their shares at the time of the merger and fulfill certain other requirements of Delaware law will have appraisal rights in connection with the merger.
About Hologic, Inc.
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SOURCE Hologic, Inc. Copyright©2008 PR Newswire. All rights reserved |


text:
Morgan St. Bears (17-14)
@Hampton Pirates (24-8)
Saturday, March 12
Joel Coliseum - Winston-Salem, NC
Attendance: None
Morgan St.
Winston-Salem, NC (Sports Network) - Brandon Tunnell had 20 points, including six in the final minute, to help Hampton capture the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference title with a 60-55 win over Morgan State.
Darrion Pellum added 12 points while Kwame Morgan II donated nine points and nine rebounds for the second-seeded Pirates (24-8), who captured their fourth trophy and first since 2006.
Dewayne Jackson had a game-high 25 points along with six rebounds for the fourth-seeded Bears (17-14), who failed in their bid for a third straight title.
The Pirates trailed to start the second half and the game remained close for the first couple of minutes. But the Bears went 8 1/2 minutes without scoring and the Pirates scored 12 points with Charles Funches' jumper giving the team a 46-37 lead with 8 1/2 minutes remaining.
Morgan State rallied with a 10-2 run to make it a one-point game on Jackson's layup, but Pellum was fouled taking a three-point shot and he hit all three from the line.
After Kevin Thompson hit two from the stripe, Pellum countered with two at the other end, and a Jackson miss preceded Tunnell putting in a layup for a six- point lead with under a minute to play.
Aric Brooks hit three free throws and, after Tunnell made two free shots, Jackson hit a three-pointer with 25 seconds left to make it a 57-55 game, but Tunnell then hit two more from the stripe.
Jackson missed a three-pointer at the other end and Funches' free throw in the final moments sealed the win.
Hampton controlled play early and held a 10-2 lead 4 1/2 minutes in on a Tunnell three-pointer.
That was the largest lead either side had in the first half and a 7-0 run from Morgan State saw the team take a 29-26 lead on a Jackson layup with 1 1/2 minutes to play. Mike Tuitt hit two free throws to close out the scoring in the half and make it a one-point game.
Jackie Sanders, Everett Summers, Harold Harris


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How to Control Anger When It Controls You
The Hot Head is very dramatic. Victor never hit anyone when he was angry, but he massacred inanimate objects. He threw things, broke things and, before there were cordless phones, he tried to pull the family phone out of the wall in his blind rages. Victor's wife recounted a tantrum when Victor was so furious that he looked around the living room for something to hurl, but when he realized that he had broken all the ornaments and ashtrays, he raced to the kitchen, took a few packages of frozen hamburger from the freezer and hurled them out the front door!
The Potty Mouth lets fly with words. These people freely cuss and insult the objects of their rage. Frank was embarrassed when his wife Barbara would say what she felt even when it wasn't appropriate. She thought nothing of insulting or demeaning anyone who got in her way.
A variation of this verbal troublemaker is The Comedian. Comedians may have a great sense of humor, but they often joke at someone else's expense. Put downs and ridicule come naturally to them.
Instead of ridiculing, The Blamer avoids being responsible for his or her angry feelings or actions by blaming others. "See how you are," or "You made me do that" are the ways that Blamers rationalize their behavior. However, not all angry people act out or verbalize their negative feelings toward others.
The Addict suppresses his or her anger and turns it inward in ways that can cause physical harm. As a psychotherapist specializing in treating people with compulsive behaviors I have learned that most binges are temper tantrums! Although overdoing substances or activities can be destructive, each binge can also show you the way to become conscious of the amount of anger you are carrying around.
When clients share that they lost control over food, spending, drinking, drug using, etc I don't ask how much they ate, spent, drank, used, I inquire how strong their urge to comfort themselves was. How intense was the "gotta have it?" When Joe or Jane rates a binge on a scale of #1-10 and says #9, I ask: "What in your life at that time was a #9?" The person then pinpoints the distress. Most of the time it has to do with anger or resentment.
Somatizers are people who suppress anger in other ways that stress their bodies. These people get a variety of aches and pains, like headaches, stomachaches, asthma attacks or more serious conditions. Accident-prone folks may experience sprains, strains or broken bones.
One of my clients had to cancel when severe excruciating sciatica laid her low. The pain radiated from her hip down her thigh and leg. When I saw her again she explained that she was in the midst of a lawsuit with someone who was a "pain in the ass!" Her body was obviously reflecting her feelings.


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Jan. 26 (Bloomberg) -- Treasuries rallied for a second day as the Federal Reserve's pledge to keep borrowing rates low and consider additional asset purchases pushed the yield to a record low at today's auction of $29 billion in seven-year notes.
The securities drew a yield of 1.359 percent, compared with the previous record low auction yield of 1.415 percent in November. Yields on five-year notes fell to all-time lows for a second consecutive day after Fed Chairman Ben S. Bernanke yesterday unexpectedly said that bond buying is "an option that's certainly on the table."
"Bernanke gave people a free pass to buy the belly of the curve," Dan Mulholland, a Treasury trader in New York at RBC Capital Markets LLC, one of 21 primary dealers required to bid at government-debt auctions, said referring Treasuries maturing in the medium term. "Yesterday's Fed announcement caught the market off guard."
Current seven-year notes yields fell seven basis points, or 0.07 percentage point, to 1.32 percent at 5 p.m. New York time, according to Bloomberg Bond Trader prices. The 1.375 percent note due December 2018 rose 14/32, or $4.38 per $1,000 face value, to 100 11/32.
The 10-year note yield fell six basis points to 1.93 percent. It fell seven basis points yesterday, the most since Jan. 11. Five-year yields fell four basis points to 0.77 percent after earlier touching a record low of 0.75.
Assets Soar
Investors who snapped up the Treasury's $35 billion auction of five-year notes sold yesterday saw the assets soar as much as $238 million after the Fed pledged to keep interest rates low at least through late 2014.
The securities were auctioned at higher-than-average demand to yield 0.899 percent before touching a record 0.7601 percent in less than two hours.
"When you don't have to worry about interest-rate policy, it makes it much easier," said William Larkin, a fixed-income money manager who helps oversee $500 million at Cabot Money Management Inc. in Salem, Massachusetts. "There are lots of inflows going into fixed income, so the auctions get eaten up because of an appetite for safety."
Today's record low yield on the seven-year note was higher than the forecast of 1.346 percent in a Bloomberg News survey of eight of the Fed's primary dealers.
"The auction tailed a little bit, but it's not a disaster by any means," said RBC's Mulholland. A tail is a yield result higher than where the securities were trading before the auction.
Indirect Bidders
Indirect bidders, an investor class that includes foreign central banks, purchased 31.8 percent of the notes, the lowest since March 2009, compared with an average of 41.7 percent for the past 10 offerings. Direct bidders, non-primary-dealer investors that place their bids directly with the Treasury, purchased 11.6 percent, the same as the average at the past 10 auctions.
Treasury seven-year notes have dropped 0.3 percent this year after gaining 13.7 percent in 2011, according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch indexes. The overall Treasury market dropped 0.5 percent as of yesterday, after rising 9.8 percent last year.
Treasury market volume rose yesterday to the highest since Nov. 1 after policy makers said the Fed will remain accommodative. About $381 billion of Treasuries changed hands through ICAP Plc, the world's largest interdealer broker, above the one-year average of $282 billion. Volume fell to about $320 billion today.
'Monetary Accommodation'
Bernanke said yesterday the central bank is considering additional bond purchases to boost growth after extending its pledge to keep interest rates low through at least late 2014. The Fed has already purchased $2.3 trillion of debt in two rounds of quantitative easing known as QE1 and QE2. U.S. policy makers are "prepared to provide further monetary accommodation," Bernanke said after officials completed a two- day meeting yesterday.
"There certainly still could be a rally," said Ian Lyngen, a government-bond strategist at CRT Capital Group LLC in Stamford, Connecticut. "That said, we have priced in a fair amount of negative economic sentiments as well potential for the Fed to increase its balance sheet still further."
The Fed bought $2.522 billion of Treasuries due from February 2036 to November 2041 today as part of its program to replace $400 billion of short-term debt in its portfolio with longer-term Treasuries in an effort to reduce borrowing costs further and counter rising risks of a recession.
Double Top
Treasury 30-year bond yields may fall below 2 percent as the Fed is more likely to extend the average maturity of its holdings than to buy more securities, according to Citigroup Global Markets.
A technical indicator known as a double top in a chart of long-bond yields indicates a decrease to as low as 1.8 percent with a drop "at least" to 2.1 percent, Tom Fitzpatrick, chief technical analyst at the Citigroup Inc. unit in New York, wrote today in a research note with colleagues.
Yields on 30-year bonds dropped six basis points to 3.09 percent today. Yields fell to a record low 2.51 percent in December 2008.
Shorter-term Treasuries tend to track what the central bank does with its target for overnight lending, while longer maturities are more influenced by the inflation outlook.
Fannie Yields
Yields on Fannie Mae's current coupon 30-year fix-rate mortgage bond declined to 2.7 percent today, the lowest ever, as investors bet the Fed will continue easing. The yield declined to 78 basis points more than 10-year U.S. government debt, the tightest so-called spread since February.
The difference between yields on 10-year notes and Treasury Inflation Protected Securities, a gauge of trader expectations for consumer prices over the life of the debt, was 2.12 percentage points, under just the 10-year average of 2.13 percentage points.
The U.S. Senate voted today to permit a $1.2 trillion increase in the nation's debt limit designed to be large enough to accommodate borrowing through the November election.
Fed policy makers set a long-term goal of 2 percent inflation yesterday, and forecast that price increases would fall short of that target this year and next.
Today's sale was the final of three note auctions this week totaling $99 billion. The U.S. sold $35 billion of five-year debt yesterday at a yield of 0.899 percent, close to the record low yield of 0.88 percent reached at the Dec. 20 auction of the securities. It auctioned an equal amount of two-year notes the previous day at a yield of 0.25 percent, drawing stronger-than- average demand of 3.75 versus an average of 3.43 for the previous 10 sales.
Durable Goods
U.S. government-debt yields earlier fell as orders for U.S. durable goods rose more than forecast in December and claims for jobless benefits increased last week.
"The data has less importance in the market because the Fed has made an effort to say that, even if things improve, they still expect to remain accommodative for a considerable period of time," said Thomas Simons, a government-debt economist in New York at Jefferies Group Inc., a primary dealer.
--Editors: Kenneth Pringle, Paul Cox
To contact the reporter on this story: Susanne Walker in New York at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Dave Liedtka at email@example.com


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Hebrew Names Version (HNV) | New International Version (NIV) |
14 The LORD will enter into judgment with the Zakenim of his people, And their leaders: "It is you who have eaten up the vineyard. The spoil of the poor is in your houses. | 14 The LORD enters into judgment against the elders and leaders of his people: "It is you who have ruined my vineyard; the plunder from the poor is in your houses. |
The Hebrew Names Version is in the public domain. (Hebrew Names Version - The Holy Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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GOAL POST A melting pot of diverse cultures, Harvard University provides an opportunity to bring out the globizen in you.
It was on a visit to MIT, Boston, for my brother's graduation ceremony that my family and I visited Harvard. I was then in the ninth grade. The university, having impressed upon us its grandeur through magnificent red-brick buildings, hardly ever figured in our discussions until it was time for me to decide where I wanted to attend college. Just having entered the eleventh grade, I had already plunged into preparing for IIT when I thought of taking the SAT exam as well. Attending a college in the United States was, to me, a viable second option. After two years of SAT and IIT going hand-in-hand, I got admitted to Harvard, that too with a full scholarship. It seemed like my decision had been made for me.
Widening my horizon
A complicated application process and a 14-hour-long journey are not the only obstacles for an Indian student who wants to study in the United States. My first cultural shock came when Juan, a friend of mine, introduced me to his boyfriend Andio. Having never been confronted with homosexuality before, I could barely manage to suppress an embarrassed giggle as I wished Andio and fled the conversation. My transition to a society which expected unconditional equality for all races, nationalities, and sexualities was a troubled process to say the least.
Now, looking back on my first days at Harvard, I find it difficult to recall the number of times we discussed the concept of equality during the opening days at Harvard. The first of the many discussions to come was called "Community Conversations." Members of each hostel, among which were Asian, Indian, white American, black American, Hawaiian, latino, and bi-racial students, sat together and talked about the discrimination they had faced in their lives. Eddy, a friend of mine who is Asian, talked about his classmates mocking him for his small eyes. D'Joy talked about being lonely as the only black girl in an honors class. Juan confessed to having been ostracized by family and friends for "coming out of the closet," for being gay. These confessions were important. They made each student sitting there aware of the possibility of being judged and being discriminated against. Such conversations were happening in each of the 17 hostels on campus and, simultaneously, were knitting together a community which would stand for equality come what may.
Freedom of choice
Being politically correct is only one of the several changes that a desi student is confronted with on a firang campus. Since Harvard is a liberal arts college, the students are given freedom to choose four or five courses each semester out of the hundreds that are offered. This trend is in confirmation with the American schooling system in which high school students don't have to pursue a single 'stream' like we do in India, but can concentrate only on those subjects that interest them. It took me a year to catch up with this unfamiliar freedom of choice and, when I did, I found it rewarding and fulfilling.
In the first semester itself, I was studying Mathematics, English, Indian History, and Economics. A similar sense of freedom exists inside the classroom as well in which professors and students learn in an open and interactive setting. It is a must to respect the opinion of the other and care is taken to ensure that no discussion turns ugly. Even though attendance is not mandatory, all students attend class without fail. All courses are administered independently and with each having its own weakly assignments, they ensure semester-long hard work for the students.
Cultural activities
All the studying is punctuated by several parties that Harvard hosts on its grounds. On Halloween, Annenberg, the dining hall, was turned into a giant horror house and had a dance a party. In the spring, there was a spring carnival full of barbecues, concerts, and swings attached to large trees. The breadth and depth of the involvement of the university in building the student experience is exemplary. If fun and frolic is not enough to de-stress a student, she can visit any of the three advisers that the university assigns to each student. A senior student, a dean, and a warden work closely with each other to ensure that each student finds them easily accessible and has all the resources she might want to make her college experience fruitful and happy.
However, despite all the support, I often felt lonely on the campus. The Americans have a strict concept of "privacy" and do not appreciate constant company. My brother's Indian college experience was vastly different; he would tell me about the several hours that his friends would spend in each other's rooms. When I reached college, I would find it disheartening to be rejected when I would ask a friend to go with me to buy something. Most, if not all, students there are financially independent from their parents and have learnt to lead an individual's life. It takes time and heart to get used to this abject independence.
A salad bowl
Having finished a year at a university in a foreign country, I realise what helped me the most was my realisation that I was now a part of a heterogeneous society. American campuses are beautiful melting pots of diversity but this beauty is maintained only when every student is willing to contribute to it. Being welcoming and appreciating of differences in the people can go a long way in establishing long lasting friendships. You should be ready to stead the fine line between maintaining your identity as an Indian and also as a global citizen. When this receptivity to differences develops, you'll find the American student experience to be a fantastic one.
Lastly, what is the best remedy for loneliness, you ask? Well, as they say, when in Rome, use Skype.
Keywords: Harvard University, overseas education


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Yum Tools BLD050 Big Twist Blade for Curly Zest Strands, Garnish
- Product Code: 018-BLD050
- Typically ships within 1 - 3 business days
Yum Tools BLD050 Description
The Big Twist Blade produces large, curly zest strands that are perfect for wrapping food, garnishing drinks, and accompanying deserts.
Yum Tools BLD050 Specifications
- Manufacturer: Yum Tools


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Ti lego io!
Hoppipolla, uno spettacolo per bambini nel centro di Como
Taken by sirio174 with a Zorki 5 loaded with Ilford HP5 Plus 400 film in Como, Italy. These tags describe this photo: italy, italia, como, artists, street, spettacolo, street artists, festival, pozzanghere, and hoppipolla. Date: 2010-10-02. Time: Afternoon. This photo can also be found in the album Hoppipolla.Please login to get more out of this site
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1996 Tacoma, I did a radio install (blew 1 fuse to dome light) but after, my signals don't work:
- My hazards work (the arrows light up as well)
- Checked fuses both place inside the car and under hood
- I've switch the other relays and found no change.
- replaced flasher (part #ep 35 from autozone).
- bought a used junk yard turn signal switch
- i've also pulled my radio to look for exposed wires, looked fine from what i could tell.
Any Suggestions or ideas?