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US 20020188732 A1 Abstract A system and method for allocating bandwidth across a network to and from different end point nodes improves the predictability and efficiency of best effort network architectures. Advanced traffic processors associated with end point nodes detect and classify packets transferred across a network and allocate bandwidth. A packet policy module of the advanced traffic processor allocates bandwidth by applying policy definitions, flow ID rules, and flow policy maps to prioritize packet flows. In one embodiment, bandwidth is allocated on demand on a per-download basis so that bulk file transfers are provided substantially reduced download times through allocation of bandwidth for a premium fee.
Claims(27) 1. A system for allocating bandwidth of an Internet Service Provider intranet network that provides Internet access to plural subscribers, the intranet network having plural end point nodes, the system comprising:
an advanced traffic processor associated with each end point node of the intranet network; a network processor associated with each advanced traffic processor, the network processor operable to determine classification information for packets transferred across the network; and a packet processing module associated with the network processor, the packet processing module operable to prioritize the transfer of packets across the network so that one or more tunnels having predetermined bandwidth of the network are allocated to one or more classification informations. 2. The system of
3. The system of
4. The system of
5. The system of
6. The system of
7. The system of
8. The system of
9. A method for allocating bandwidth of an Internet service provider intranet network, the method comprising:
determining classification information associated with packets ingressing the intranet; processing the packets according to their associated classification information; and transferring the packets through tunnels established in the intranet, each tunnel having a predetermined bandwidth allocation and each the packet associated with a tunnel. 10. The method of
determining classification information further comprises classifying packets in one of plural service levels based on the identity of the intranet subscriber associated with the packets; and
transferring the packets further comprises transferring packets associated with an intranet subscriber through one of plural tunnels, each tunnel having a bandwidth allocation associated with providing a predetermined service level.
11. The method of
adjusting the bandwidth allocation of the plural tunnels to maintain at least a predetermined service level as data transfer rates fluctuate across the network.
12. The method of
determining classification information further comprises classifying predetermined types of packets as associated with bulk file transfers and the identity of an intranet subscriber; and
transferring the packets further comprises transferring the bulk file transfer packets at or below a predetermined data transfer rate having a bandwidth allocation associated with providing a predetermined service level to the subscriber.
13. The method of
determining classification information further comprises classifying predetermined packets as associated with a bulk file transfer; and
transferring the packets further comprises transferring the bulk file transfer packets through a tunnel having a bandwidth allocation to provide expedited download of the bulk file transfer.
14. The method of
determining classification information further comprises classifying predetermined packets as associated with a Voice Over Internet packet flow; and
transferring the packets further comprises transferring the Voice Over Internet packets through a tunnel having a bandwidth allocation to provide predetermined latency.
15. The method of
determining classification information further comprises classifying predetermined packets as associated with an internet content provider; and
transferring the packets further comprises transferring the content provider packets through a tunnel having a bandwidth allocation to provide expedited download of content from the content provider to end user nodes of the intranet.
16. A method for transferring data over a best effort network having plural end points, the method comprising:
associating data packets ingressing each end point with classification information that associates the packet with one of plural applications; allocating predetermined bandwidth of the best effort network to each of the one or more applications; and transferring the data packets through the bandwidth allocation of the application associated with the data packets. 17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
21. A system for expedited transfer of a bulk file from a content provider to an end user node through an Internet Service provider intranet, the system comprising:
a first advanced traffic processor associated with the intranet and interfaced with the end user node; a second advanced traffic processor associated with the intranet and interfaced with the content provider; and a tunnel established through the intranet between the first and second advanced traffic processors, the tunnel having a predetermined bandwidth; wherein the first and second advanced traffic processors identify packets associated with the bulk file and route the bulk file packets through the tunnel. 22. The system of
23. The system of
24. The system of
25. The system of
26. A method for expedited transfer of bulk files through an Internet service provider intranet, the method comprising:
selecting an expedited download of a bulk file from a content provider to an end user node of the intranet; identifying packets of the bulk download with classification information; and routing packets having the bulk download classification information through a tunnel of the intranet, the tunnel having a predetermined bandwidth allocation for accomplishing the expedited transfer of the bulk file. 27. The method of
Description [0001] This invention relates generally to computer networks, and more specifically relates to a system and method for allocating bandwidth within a network. [0002] The success of the Internet has arisen largely from its use of a simple and unified protocol to exchange data. Computer systems and networks interfaced with the Internet are thus able to exchange data that in turn enables more complex applications built on top of the Internet protocol. The Internet's relatively simple underlying protocol and ability to support more complex applications has lead to an explosion of Internet usage by homes and businesses for a large variety of applications, such as banking, brokerage services, marketing, sales and news publications. As demand for Internet-based services through these applications has increased, demand for capacity to transfer data across the Internet has also increased. [0003] Initially, Internet service was provided to homes and businesses largely through dial-up connections established with analog modems over the �Plain Old Telephone System� (POTS) by Internet service providers (ISPs). ISP subscribers call into an ISP modem bank to establish an Internet interface with the ISP's intranet. ISP intranets are typically private networks that use a backhaul network, such as DS-3 or OC-12, that connects multiple �last mile� networks to a regional data center (RDC). The RDC typically hosts multiple centralized servers, such as CDN caching servers and mail servers, and provides connections to Tier 1 networks, either through peering points to access the Internet or gateways to special purpose networks such as the public service telephone network (PSTN). ISP intranets typically include multiple RDCs interfaced with high speed interconnects, such as OC-12 to OC-192. [0004] Although the Internet's relatively simple underlying protocol allows the interfacing of individual users and different intranets, one significant difficulty with the Internet is that data transfers typically are made on a �best effort� basis. In the Internet's best effort architecture, TCP\IP packets are generally transferred between routing points without prioritization, leading to unpredictable data transfer rates and the Internet's nickname of the �world wide wait�. Conventional dial-up modems typically have presented the most significant bottleneck to data transfer due to their relatively low data transfer rates of 56K or less. However, bottlenecks also occur along the Internet infrastructure when surges in activity result in delays as data transfer rates exceed infrastructure capacity at various points, including ISP intranet infrastructure. [0005] More recently, slower analog dial-up modems are being replaced with higher capacity broadband modems, such as DSL and cable modems. The high capacity of these broadband modems has increased the usefulness of the Internet for services with large data transfers, such as video, gaming, peer-to-peer applications and downloading large software files. Although these larger-capacity broadband modems have reduced bottlenecks at user end points, the introduction of significantly greater user end point capacity has exasperated delays along other points of the networks as end users take advantage of broadband services requiring large data transfers. Thus, although broadband modems are able to support relatively large data transfer rates, actual data transfers typically still occur on a best efforts basis resulting in data transfer rates at less than the capacity of the broadband modems. Thus, even though broadband cable and DSL modems provide greater end user capacity, the modems rarely maintain data transfers at their full capacity and end-users are still subject to delays in data transfer caused by bottlenecks in the infrastructure of the ISP's Intranet as well as the Internet. [0006] One solution to allocating bandwidth for ISP Intranets is to simply build more infrastructure to carry data. For instance, an Intranet infrastructure with capacity equal to the sum of its end point users would not theoretically experience delays in data transfer. However, infrastructure is expensive and the business of providing Internet access is essentially a commodity business with low margins. In addition, excess capacity often goes unused since end point users do not typically interface with the Internet simultaneously. Moreover, although building additional ISP infrastructure improves data transfer rates within the ISP Intranet, it does not necessarily improve the efficiency of the Intranet's data transfer with Tier 1 networks that may still experience delays during surges of activity. Thus, even if an end point user's Internet interface through an ISP Intranet occurs at the highest capacity available to the end point user's modem, data transfer rates are typically still unpredictable since the originating server transferring the data to the end point user may be slowed by congestion either at the originating server or in the Internet infrastructure. [0007] Therefore a need has arisen for a system and method which allocates bandwidth across an Internet network. [0008] A further need has arisen for a system and method which assigns bandwidth capacity to network end points based on priority classifications for packets communicated with the end point. [0009] In accordance with the present invention, a system and method is provided that substantially eliminates or reduces disadvantages and problems associated with previously developed systems and methods for assigning bandwidth across an Internet network. Advanced traffic processors associated with network end point nodes detect packets transferred across the nodes and select priority parameters that allocate bandwidth to the transmission of the packets across the network. [0010] More specifically, packets flowing through a network ingress end point are automatically classified, such as according to the application, origin, destination, user, time of day or other information associated with each packet. Based on classification information, an appropriate networking protocol and priority parameter are selected from a predetermined list of protocols and parameters and allocated to a predetermined bandwidth priority, thus effectively coupling classification information with allocation of bandwidth. An advanced traffic processor associated with the ingress end point applies the assigned protocol and priority parameter of the packet to prioritize the transmission of the packet, for instance by assigning the packet to one of plural priority queues or by tagging the packet with priority identifiers. [0011] The advanced traffic processor interfaces data through a programmable network processor that inspects, routes and modifies packet flows with little latency or delay. Packets flow through an upstream port interface and are inspected by a packet classification module that detects whether the packet belongs to a priority application. A packet policy module selects priority parameters based on the classification of the packets and policy definitions, flow identification rules, and flow policy maps. Based on the priority parameter, a packet processing module prioritizes the transmission of the application packet, either through specific handling or identification added to the packets. The processed application packets are then continued in the data flow through the downstream port of the network processor. [0012] A host processor associated with the advanced traffic processor supports programmability of the policy definitions, flow identification rules and flow policy maps applied by the packet policy module. The host processor also supports communication with a management server and a service provider network management system to track data flows. The management server maintains information for configuring policies, such as the priority parameters applicable to particular applications. [0013] The present invention provides a number of important technical advantages. One important technical advantage is that bandwidth within a network is allocated according to applications, origin, destination, user, time of day, etc . . . by associating application packets with priority parameters. In this manner bandwidth allocation in a network for predetermined services may be enhanced or reduced to improve the overall predictability of data flows through the network. Thus, for instance, bandwidth hogs such as large file downloads are identified and their impact is limited on other network traffic. Indeed, unauthorized network transfers may be completely stopped. [0014] Another important technical advantage of the present invention is that bandwidth may be allocated more efficiently by associating a cost structure with predetermined applications. For instance, a priority parameter may provide different levels of bandwidth allocation dependent upon the origination or destination of a packet. In one embodiment, multiple tiers of service are available to end point users with premium service providing greater bandwidth allocation for a greater cost. In another embodiment, packet flows from the Internet to an end point user are enhanced when an Internet site pays a premium to have a greater bandwidth allocation for downloads to end users. [0015] Another important technical advantage of the present invention is that the improved predictability of data flows and reduction of bottlenecks in an ISP Intranet improves reliability for services that require low latency. For instance, voice over IP (VOIP) generally requires a predictable allocation of bandwidth to obtain toll quality. Even over networks having large bandwidth capacity, voice over IP tends to have reduced quality as packets carrying voice data are transmitted over the networks at varying rates. The present invention provides improved voice over IP by allocating predetermined bandwidth resulting in improved predictability. [0016] A more complete understanding of the present invention and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numbers indicate like features and wherein: [0017]FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a network for allocating bandwidth; [0018]FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of an advanced traffic processor; [0019]FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of a network that allocates bandwidth through tunnels; [0020]FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram for content delivery from the Internet through an Intranet tunnel; and [0021]FIG. 5 depicts a block diagram for packet classification and routing through tunnels. [0022] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the figures, like numerals being used to refer to like and corresponding parts of the various drawings. [0023] Internet data transfers across networks typically use TCP\IP packets transferred with a best effort approach. The best effort approach tends to perform unpredictably at higher capacity data transfer rates since packets are transferred as capacity permits, resulting in unforeseeable delays as surges in data traffic occur. For instance, a single user can cause bottlenecks by placing large demands on capacity with large data transfers, even if the transfers occur over a relatively short time period. To provide improved predictability of data transfer rates in the best efforts architecture of the Internet, the present invention couples applications to an allocation of bandwidth. Packets are classified by application and assigned an appropriate priority protocol and parameters so that packets associated with predetermined applications are handled with a predetermined priority through the network. In essence, classification and routing by applications operates as a bandwidth switch for a best efforts network. [0024] Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram depicts an ISP intranet 10 that provides Internet access from plural end point users 12 to a variety of end point Tier 1 networks, including the Internet 14, the public switch telephone network (PSTN) 16, and a game network 18. End point users 12 include residences and businesses that interface with modem plants 20. The interface between end points 12 and modem plant 20 is typically referred to as the �last mile�, and includes cable connections that use broadband cable modems and DSL connections that provide broadband interfaces over otherwise analog twisted pair telephone lines. Modem plants 20 typically terminate at an aggregation router which routes data to the ISP intranet 10. Intranet 10 typically has several geographically distributed regional data centers (RDC) 22 that each typically have large capacity routers interfaced through a backhaul network capable of transferring generally large capacities of data. [0025] On each edge of ISP intranet 10, an advanced traffic processor (ATP) 24 intercedes between the intranet 10 and the respective end point so that data packets ingressing into intranet 10 pass through an ATP and egress through an ATP. ATPs 24 allocate bandwidth to applications by creating priority tunnels across intranet 10, thus ensuring that data packets for predetermined applications have predetermined bandwidth available to them. Priority tunnels establish connections between devices and have well defined priorities to ensure appropriate levels of quality of service for predetermined applications. ATPs 24 inspect and route packets onto appropriate priority tunnels and perform network overhead functions such as traffic policing, collecting metering information for billing, and admission control to ensure that priority tunnels are not overloaded. [0026] To perform these functions each ATP acts as a bandwidth switch that determines bandwidth allocations and routes packets appropriately. Referring now to FIG. 2, a block diagram depicts components of an ATP 24 that perform the bandwidth switching functions. ATP 24 has a network processor 28 with an upstream port module 30 interfaced with end points of intranet 10 and a downstream port module 32 interfaced with intranet 10. Network processor 28 is a new generation general purpose chip that replaces standard router chips but performs the two basic functions common to router fast path, packet classification and routing. The fast path functions in network processors, such as are available from Agere, are controlled by software that allows a programmer to classify a packet on virtually any field of the packet, including the Mac address (layer 2), the source or destination IP address (layer 3), the port number (layer 4), or even the contents of the packet such as a URL (layer 5 and higher). Software controls give network processors increased flexibility to inspect, route and modify packet flows at high network speeds with virtually no latency. Each ATP 24 includes plural network processors and replaceable port modules that allow interfacing with data connections to support speeds ranging from fractional DS-3 to OC-192. [0027] Network processor 28 analyzes packet data traffic to identify packet data flows and match the packet data flows to applications, users or devices. Once analyzed and identified, the packet data flows may be counted, modified, delayed, dropped or encapsulated and then sent to a user or destination end point. A packet classification module 34 associated with network processor 28 directs inspection and classification of packets to classify packets according to the application associated with the packet. Based on these classifications, a packet policy module 36 determines an appropriate priority for the packet and a packet processing module 38 ensures proper handling of the packet by the network. [0028] Packet policy module 36 selects priority parameters for packet applications based on configurations that define policy definitions, flow identification rules, and flow policy maps. Policy definitions define the traffic shaping, metering, and tagging/encapsulation functions for packets classified according to applications. Flow identification rules include software for network processor 28 and parameters that allow network processor 28 to match packets to flows. Flow policy maps define policies for packet data traffic flows once those flows are identified. A packet processing module 38 prioritizes packet data flows based on the packet classification and the appropriate policy for that application so that bandwidth is effectively allocated for the network according to the applications based on the policies. Packet processing module 38 prioritizes packets in a number of different manners, including queuing packets until bandwidth is available, thus effectively reducing bandwidth for low priority flows, tagging packets with priority identifiers to simplify and speed processing through the network, and even deleting packets that are associated with unauthorized applications. Further, bandwidth may be dynamically allocated by altering definitions rules and maps to adapt to network use and thus more efficiently use available bandwidth. For instance, if an ATP 24 establishes a VOIP interface with an end user, the management server may increase the allocation of bandwidth upon detection of the VOIP interface to establish a VOIP tunnel between the end user and the POTS network for the duration of the call. When the call is over, dynamic allocation of bandwidth to other tunnels from the VOIP tunnel improves allocation of bandwidth for other uses. [0029] ATP 24 includes a host processor 40 interfaced with a service provider network management system 42 and a management server 44. Management server 44 monitors one or more advanced traffic processors for performance and failure, configures policies for bandwidth allocation, maps users and applications to policies, and collects metering data for billing. Management server 44 maintains and updates the policy definitions, flow identification rules and flow policy maps used by advanced traffic processors 26. These definitions, rules and maps control the establishment of tunnels for applications, thus improving data transfer predictability by allocating network bandwidth as tunnels dedicated to applications. [0030] Referring now to FIG. 3, a blocked diagram depicts plural end point user nodes 12 that, in a �best efforts� network, are essentially in competition for bandwidth to transfer data with destination end point nodes, such as nodes within intranet 10, nodes associated with other Internet 14 sites and the (PSTN) 16. Bandwidth is allocated for the transfer of data by advanced traffic processors 24 through the establishment of a series of tunnels 46 that are associated with applications, such as predetermined functions, end point users, and/or end point destinations. The tunnels 46 allocate bandwidth to improve predictability of data transfers over the network and allow an ISP to efficiently allocate bandwidth and service levels across an ISP's intranet in relationship to the cost and value of each application for subscribers and/or content providers for subscribers. [0031] One embodiment of a tunnel 46 is a fair access tunnel that dynamically and fairly allocates available bandwidth in the last mile of an ISP intranet that is associated with plural end point user nodes 12. In typical best effort broadband networks, the modems associated with �last mile� end point nodes have a considerably greater total capacity to handle data transfers than the associated modem plant 20, so that a single end point user can cause bottlenecks with extended downloads of large data files. A fair access policy monitors data transfers to and from end point nodes to limit the impact of excessive bandwidth use by a particular end point user, such as by slowing data transfer to and from such users. Thus, each end point node 12 is guaranteed that a predetermined allocation of bandwidth will be available because ATP 24 prevents any one of the end point nodes from consuming an unfair amount of bandwidth over a predetermined time period. [0032] An end point user 12 who maintains long-lived TCP connections for bulk file transfers, such as FTP transfers, can also have a negative impact on bandwidth availability throughout an ISP intranet. Packet classification module 34 of the ATP 24 that is associated with end point nodes 12 identifies bulk file transfer packets and applies flow policy maps that reduce the data transfer rates of such packet flows. For instance, packet processing module 38 directs network processor 28 to store bulk file transfer packets in queue and release those packets at a rate that consumes only a predetermined bandwidth allocation. In this way, an allocation of bandwidth to a user prevents that user from overloading other network nodes. A fair access tunnel may be established between two (ATPs) 24 or by a single ATP that reduces the rate at which bulk file transfer packets are accepted into intranet 10. Further, ATP 24 may allocate different levels of bandwidth to different types of bulk file transfer packets. For instance, an intranet 10 can allocate a predetermined bandwidth for FTP downloads with the bandwidth shared by all users while limiting or eliminating peer-to-peer downloads, such as Napster music files, during peak network usage times. Thus, peer-to-peer applications that initiate data transfers even when users are not involved at the end point node 12 will not take valuable bandwidth from applications that do involve an ISP subscriber. [0033] A tiered services tunnel allows a broadband ISP to allocate different amounts of bandwidth to different users based on different subscription costs. An end point user 12 subscription level is loaded on an ATP 24 associated with the end point user 12's IP address. If an end point user subscribes for a lower speed service, ATP 24 classifies packets originating from or destined to that end point user's IP address according to the service level. If the end point user's data transfer rate exceeds the associated subscription level data transfer rate, ATP 24 queues data associated with that IP address so that only a predetermined allocation of bandwidth is consumed by that end point user. [0034] A content broker tunnel allows for allocation of bandwidth to content providers who send content data packets through intranet 10 to an end user 12. For instance, an e-commerce site that desires high customer satisfaction may pay a premium to have its content data packets given priority through intranet 10 to end users 12. In this way, end users who access the e-commerce content provider's data receives more rapid downloads, improving the likelihood of the end user's selection of that e-commerce provider over other e-commerce sites that are less responsive. An ATP 24 that receives content data packets from a preferred Internet content provider classifies the content data packets as having a higher priority and allocates them for transfer through an appropriate content broker tunnel. Management server 44 tracks content packets that receive priority, allowing an ISP to charge a premium for the allocation of bandwidth through the content broker tunnel. [0035] A Voice Over IP tunnel allows transfer of voice data from an end point user 12 to PSTN 16 that meets toll quality standards for latency, loss and jitter characteristics. When ATP 24 detects a Voice Over IP packet transferred from or to an end point user 12, it first verifies that the end point user is authorized for Voice Over IP service, and then meters the Voice Over IP packets for billing and routes the Voice Over IP packets through a Voice Over IP tunnel. The Voice Over IP tunnel carries the Voice over IP packets to an ATP 24 associated with a gateway server to the PSTN 16. The Voice Over IP tunnel ensures toll quality voice traffic flow through the allocation of adequate bandwidth and by giving the Voice Over IP packets high priority through intranet 10. [0036] An on-demand tunnel allocates bandwidth for an application on a per-application basis that allows users or content providers to ensure a rapid transfer of a predetermined file in a desired time period. For instance, an end point user 12 who desires to purchase a large software file or multimedia file, such as a DVD movie, from an Internet content provider may purchase a bandwidth allocation to obtain an expedited download. Ordinary download times for large files may take hours even over broadband end point modems and are unpredictable due to variations in data traffic across intranet 10. To shorten the download time, the user selects a premium download service in which extra bandwidth is allocated to the bulk download from the Internet content provider. When the Internet content provider initiates the bulk download to the end point user, the bulk content packets include classification information to indicate that premium bandwidth allocation was purchased by the downloading end user. An ATP 24 receives the inbound bulk packet flow and allocates the bulk packet flow to an on-demand tunnel to ensure rapid download of the bulk file transfer to the end user. The on-demand tunnel allocates bandwidth through intranet 10 so that up to the bandwidth capacity of the end user node 12 is made available for the bulk file transfer, resulting in transfer times that are maximized for each end user. Management server 44 tracks the premium bulk transfers and bills the content provider as appropriate who can in turn pass the premium cost on to the subscriber. [0037] Management server 44 allocates bandwidth to help ensure efficient data transfer over intranet 10. For instance, during periods of low network activity, management server 44 allocates greater amounts of bandwidth for fair access tunnel and tiered service tunnels to improve service without degradation of other services. Management server 44 then reduces allocation to fair access and tiered service tunnels during times of higher network usage and when services such as on-demand tunnel requests are made that result in less bandwidth availability. [0038] Referring now to FIG. 4, a block diagram depicts one embodiment of the present invention in which a content delivery network is defined and created through an Intranet 10 with one or more ATPs 24. An end user 12 requests a predetermined content from Internet 14. Once the request is received at the Internet destination, the destination forwards the request to a content delivery network server 48 associated with Intranet 10 that has the requested content stored in an associated database. Content delivery server 48 provides the requested content to end user 12 through an appropriate tunnel 46 by identifying the content as an application for classification by an associated ATP 24. For instance, ATP 24 classifies the content by an associated IP address, port number, user identification, destination company site, URL or type of underlying application. Packets associated with the content may also be tagged or encapsulated with standard mechanisms such as MPLS, VLAN, and Diffserv. Content delivery server 48 provides improved content delivery whether requested by a user, such as with an increased bandwidth to download a file, or by a content provider, such as an internet service seeking improved timeliness for its site. Further, based on content classification, ATPs 24 can re-direct content to route the content through a desired path or to a desired destination. [0039] Referring now to FIG. 5, a block diagram depicts the flow of packets 50 through an ATP 24 for routing through tunnels 46. ATP 24 classifies packets 50 and assigns the packets to appropriate queues for rate control and priority. The rate control and priorities established by ATP 24 ensures that bandwidth allocations are enforced for tunnels 46. For example, packets classified to be associated with application server 50, such as packets associated with specific applications of Oracle, Outlook, or SAP, are transferred through an associated tunnel 46. Similarly, packets associated with a content delivery application, such as bandwidth provided on demand for a file download to a user, are classified and assigned to appropriate queues for an associated tunnel 46. The rate control provided by queuing is transparent to users and allows bandwidth allocation that improves the efficiency of best efforts networks by reducing congestion associated with bottlenecks, such as acknowledgments and re-transmission associated with lost packets. [0040] Although the present invention has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appending claims. Patent Citations
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Biography of Rev. Abraham Eads
REV. ABRAHAM EADS. – It is very fitting that in the history of the county with which we have to do at the present time, their should be incorporated a resume of the career of the beloved and esteemed gentleman, whose name appears at the head of this article, and whose life of usefulness has

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Hi there :)
I'm new to molds and started thinking. Until now I used simple designs couple of times, which didn't need detailing. My question is how to you apply details on your molded fondant? Do you paint it or do you patchwork it with different colors of fondant?
Example: How do you achieve results like on the photo (the ladybug, bee and pea pod)?


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ABC News' Beth Loyd reports:
A team of more than 70 people and two teams of rescue dogs narrowed their search today on Mount Rainier for the 66-year-old man who disappeared Saturday while leading a group on a snowshoe hike by focusing on two clues, park officials confirmed to ABC News.
Yong Chun Kim of Tacoma, Wash., was leading hikers in the Paradise region of Mount Rainier National Park when he slipped down a steep slope.
Instead of climbing back up to rejoin the group, Kim continued on to meet the group further down the trail. When he did not arrive 30 minutes after he radioed the group to tell them he was on his way, the park service launched a search.
Park spokeswoman Lee Taylor told ABC that one of the members of Kim's group went along on Sunday's search and took the team to the point where Kim was last seen. One of the searchers also on Sunday noticed snowshoe tracks in an area called Steven's Creek, which is where the rescue team is now focusing their search.
The search has been hampered by severe weather conditions, including temperatures as low as 10 degrees and snow and wind that have prevented a helicopter from joining the search. The weather is expected to worsen Tuesday.
"Time is not on your side in a situation like this," Taylor said. "Every day that goes by, it lessens the chance of finding him alive."
Kim is an experienced snowshoer who visited Mount Rainier nearly every weekend. He was not equipped to stay overnight in the blizzard conditions, however, and only had enough food to survive the first night, according to Taylor.
"The determining factor is team due diligence," Taylor said, adding that searches such as the one underway for Kim could take as long as a week. "We want to make sure that we've looked everywhere that we can," she said. "There must be a high level of certainty that we have done everything in our power to find him."
Kim has a son who is at the park waiting for news about his father. "He is understandably quite anxious," Taylor said.
The search for Kim is the second one in Mount Rainier Park in less than two weeks. A manhunt was launched earlier this month to find Benjamin Colton Barnes, 24, after he shot and killed park ranger Margaret Anderson on New Year's Day.
The body of Barnes, an Iraq war veteran, was found the next day, drowned in a creek after suffering from hypothermia.


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The Himachal Government on Friday sealed the Ponta Sahib Ashram of Asaram Bapu in Sirmaur district. It was done after the State Government directions for dealing strictly with the encroachments even by religious and spiritual organisations. The incumbent Government here had already cancelled the lease of Yoga guru Ramdev's ashram in Sadhu Pul in Solan that was allotted by the previous government.
Asaram Bapu's sprawling ashram in Ponta Sahib was functioning from quite some time and constructed on about 15 bighas of land. The ashram also had some medicinal oil manufacturing factory owned by him, officials said. The land was still in the name of local farmers who are believed to be his followers.
Himachal is home to a number of religious and spiritual sects and gurus including the Tibetans.
Keywords: Asaram Bapu, Ponta Sahib Ashram, Himachal Government


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Home > Worldwide Movies > In Theaters > Sex and the City > Trailers
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Critic Review: ★★★ ★ 3/4 stars
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Four years after the earlier adventures of Carrie Bradshaw (Sarah Jessica Parker) and her best gal pals, she and her inter... (read more)
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Eventful will notify you when they are playing your area and recommend other films based on what you like.
At the New York City premiere of "Sex and the City," cast member Willie Garson (Stanford Blatch) called the highly anticipated movie "critic-proof." If the crowds at early screenings are any predictor of box office performance,... (read more)


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If there's one profession that keeps the antacid industry in business, it's probably school administration.
The job becomes more impossible by the year.
In the old days it was hard enough. You had to drill readin', writin' and 'rithmetic through the skulls of young 'uns who would much rather have been down by the fishin' hole. The big disciplinary problems were chewing gum and pigtails in the inkwell.
In the new days you still have to do the three Rs while trying to keep the learning environment safe from tidal waves of booze, drugs, tawdry dress and loose conduct. Contraband used to be a prison problem. Now it's a school problem.
To deal with contraband, schools have developed "zero tolerance" rules that can get a nipper suspended for so much as sniffing an aspirin. The problem with rules is that their inflexible application can sometimes lead to interesting situations. Ergo, school expulsions often make the news.
Take the case of one Hayley Hoffman. She's a 13-year-old eighth-grader at Greenfield Junior High in Gilbert.
Last week the kids were decorating the gym for a dance. Helium-filled balloons were part of the setup.
Now, you know what happens when helium and kids get together. It's the same thing that happens when helium and adults get together. Inhaling helium creates some of the funniest moments any of us are likely to ever have.
So Hayley did what people do with helium and, boom! She got suspended from school. The administrators said it was because she violated the zero-tolerance rule on inhalants.
That seems absurd on the surface, and no one can blame the youngster for being upset. But who'd want to be in the principal's shoes? If suspending the girl was a mistake, at least it's a mistake on the side of caution. A more flexible helium-sucking policy may soon be in place, Hayley will move on, and society will get by. No huge deal.
The other suspension that made news this week was that of John Lopez, also 13, who attends Heritage Academy in Mesa.
His suspension was painted by supporters — including his overwrought father — as the result of saying no to fellow students who offered him booze during lunch. But the school said he was suspended for lying to administrators who got wind of the drinking and thereafter pursued a legitimate investigation into lawbreaking on campus.
"I didn't know you could get suspended for not ratting on your friends," John told the Tribune.
"Not ratting" is one thing. Lying is another. The young fellow will have benefitted greatly from this experience if the responsible adults in his life help him appreciate the difference. And as for the administrators: You go, guys.
There should be no backing down on this one.


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New Century Version (NCV) | New International Version (NIV) |
8 The Lord will guard you as you come and go, both now and forever. A song for going up to worship. Of David. | 8 the LORD will watch over your coming and going both now and forevermore. |
Scripture taken from the New Century Version. Copyright © 1987, 1988, 1991 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. (New Century Version Online Bible) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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I was in Cannes for the Cannes Lions Festival. Since all the low cost hotels near the Palais des Festivals were booked, I had to stick with ResidHotel. The place is OK if you're just looking for a place to sleep. Not too many options to eat around the hotel, but there's a good number of small markets and commerce,... More
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OS X Server 2.2.1 hits the Mac App Store
If you use OS X Server, it's time to fire up Software Update. Apple has just released version 2.2.1 of its server add-on for Mountain Lion, bringing with it a number of updates, fixes and even a couple of new features like a Caching Server for Mac App Store downloads and Wiki Server support for Retina MacBook Pros. You'll find the full list below:
- Caching Server to speed up download of software distributed by Apple through the Mac App Store.
- Time Machine service monitoring of which computers have backed up, when they last backed up and size of backup.
- Wiki Server support for MacBook Pro with Retina displays.
- Fix for deleting apps uploaded to Profile Manager.
- Ability to use Active Directory groups within Profile Manager.
- Centralized Certificate management interface.
- Fix for setup failures due to an SSL error.
- Fixes for upgrading from Lion Server.
In addition to these changes, OS X Server 2.2.1 includes some security fixes intended to address issues with Ruby on Rails in Profile Manager and Wiki Server.
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more updates- Logic Pro X update brings AirDrop support, new effects, tools, and more
- Parallels Access 2.5 released, adds file manager, computer-to-computer remote access
- The Google Translate iOS app is about to get a lot smarter
- Dropbox adds file/folder renaming and Office document editing to iOS app
- Vizzywig 8xHD price tag now a very affordable $49.99
- Automatic targets teen drivers with License+ service


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follow Dictionary.com
Is it ensure, insure, or assure?
ileitis il·e·i·tis (ĭl'ē-ī'tĭs)n. Inflammation of the ileum.
chronic inflammation of one or more sections of the intestine. In its strict sense, the term refers to an inflammation of the lower, or terminal, portion of the small intestine, known as the ileum. A specific and more serious type of inflammation involving both the small and large intestines is known as regional ileitis, or Crohn disease.


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Question: "What does it mean to accept Jesus as your personal Savior?" Answer: Have you accepted Jesus Christ as your personal Savior? To properly understand this question, you must first understand the terms "Jesus Christ," "personal," and "Savior." Who is Jesus Christ? Many people will acknowledge Jesus Christ as a good man, a great teacher, or even a prophet of God. These things are definitely true of Jesus, but they do not fully define who He truly is. The Bible tells us that Jesus is God in the flesh, God in human form (see John 1:1, 14). God came to earth to teach us, heal us, correct us, forgive us—and die for us! Jesus Christ is God, the Creator, the sovereign Lord. Have you accepted this Jesus? What is a Savior, and why do we need a Savior? The Bible tells us that we have all sinned; we have all committed evil acts (Romans 3:10-18). As a result of our sin, we deserve God's anger and judgment. The only just punishment for sins committed against an infinite and eternal God is an infinite punishment (Romans 6:23; Revelation 20:11-15). That is why we need a Savior! Jesus Christ came to earth and died in our place. Jesus' death was an infinite payment for our sins (2 Corinthians 5:21). Jesus died to pay the penalty for our sins (Romans 5:8). Jesus paid the price so that we would not have to. Jesus' resurrection from the dead proved that His death was sufficient to pay the penalty for our sins. That is why Jesus is the one and only Savior (John 14:6; Acts 4:12)! Are you trusting in Jesus as your Savior? Is Jesus your "personal" Savior? Many people view Christianity as attending church, performing rituals, and/or not committing certain sins. That is not Christianity. True Christianity is a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. Accepting Jesus as your personal Savior means placing your own personal faith and trust in Him. No one is saved by the faith of others. No one is forgiven by doing certain deeds. The only way to be saved is to personally accept Jesus as your Savior, trusting in His death as the payment for your sins and His resurrection as your guarantee of eternal life (John 3:16). Is Jesus personally your Savior? If you want to accept Jesus Christ as your personal Savior, say the following words to God. Remember, saying this prayer or any other prayer will not save you. Only believing in Jesus Christ and His finished work on the cross for you can save you from sin. This prayer is simply a way to express to God your faith in Him and thank Him for providing for your salvation. "God, I know that I have sinned against You and deserve punishment. But I believe Jesus Christ took the punishment I deserve so that through faith in Him I could be forgiven. I receive Your offer of forgiveness and place my trust in You for salvation. I accept Jesus as my personal Savior! Thank You for Your wonderful grace and forgiveness—the gift of eternal life! Amen!" Have you made a decision to receive Jesus Christ as your personal Savior because of what you have read here? If so, please click on the "I have accepted Christ today" button below. If you have any questions, please use the question form on our Bible Questions Answered page. Abkhaz, Afrikaans, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Assamese, Azerbaijani, Balochi, Belarusian, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bodo, Bosanski, Brahui, Bulgarian, català, Cebuano, Cesky, Chichewa, Chinese-Simplified, Chinese-Traditional, Cymraeg, Dansk, Deutsch, Dogri, eesti, Español, Esperanto, euskara, Farsi, Fijian, føroyskt, Français, Frysk, Fulfulde, Gaeilge, Gaidhlig, galego, Georgian, Greek, Guarani, Gujarati, Hausa, Hebrew, Hindi, Hindko, Hindustani, Hmong, Hrvatski, Igbo, Indonesia, IsiZulu, íslenska, Italiano, Japanese, Jawi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Kazakh, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kiswahili, Konkani, Korean, Kreyòl Ayisyen, Kurdish-Kurmanji, Kurdish-Sorani, Kyrgyz, Lao, Latviesu, Lëtzebuergesch, Lietuvių, Limburgs, Lingala, Luganda, Macedonian, Magyar, Maithili, Malagasy, Malayalam, Malti, Maori, Marathi, Meitei, Melayu, Mongolian, Myanmar, Ndebele, Nederlands, Nepali, Norsk, Occitan, Oriya, Oromo, Ossetian, Papiamentu, Pashto, Polski, Português, Punjabi-Gurmukhi, Punjabi-Shamukhi, Quechua, Română, Russian, Samoan, Sango, Sanskrit, Santali, Saraiki, Sesotho, Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana, Shona, Shqip, Sicilianu, Sindhi, Sinhala, SiSwati, Slovenčina, Slovenščina, Soomaali, Srpski, Sunda, Suomi, Svenska, Tagalog, Tahitian, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Tibetan, Tigrinya, Tongan, Tshivenda, Tulu, Türkçe, Turkmen, Twi, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uyghur, Việt, isiXhosa, Xitsonga, Yiddish, Yorùbá Related Topics: What is the prayer of salvation? How can I get right with God? Got Eternal Life? What does it mean to be a born again Christian? What does it mean that Jesus saves? Return to: Questions about Salvation Return to: GotQuestions.org Home What does it mean to accept Jesus as your personal Savior?
If you have any questions, please use the question form on our Bible Questions Answered page.
Related Topics: What is the prayer of salvation? How can I get right with God? Got Eternal Life? What does it mean to be a born again Christian? What does it mean that Jesus saves?
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text:
New Revised Standard (NRS) | New International Version (NIV) |
1 Remember your creator in the days of your youth, before the days of trouble come, and the years draw near when you will say, "I have no pleasure in them"; | 1 Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the days of trouble come and the years approach when you will say, "I find no pleasure in them"-- |
2 before the sun and the light and the moon and the stars are darkened and the clouds return with the rain; | 2 before the sun and the light and the moon and the stars grow dark, and the clouds return after the rain; |
3 in the day when the guards of the house tremble, and the strong men are bent, and the women who grind cease working because they are few, and those who look through the windows see dimly; | 3 when the keepers of the house tremble, and the strong men stoop, when the grinders cease because they are few, and those looking through the windows grow dim; |
4 when the doors on the street are shut, and the sound of the grinding is low, and one rises up at the sound of a bird, and all the daughters of song are brought low; | 4 when the doors to the street are closed and the sound of grinding fades; when men rise up at the sound of birds, but all their songs grow faint; |
5 when one is afraid of heights, and terrors are in the road; the almond tree blossoms, the grasshopper drags itself along and desire fails; because all must go to their eternal home, and the mourners will go about the streets; | 5 when men are afraid of heights and of dangers in the streets; when the almond tree blossoms and the grasshopper drags himself along and desire no longer is stirred. Then man goes to his eternal home and mourners go about the streets. |
6 before the silver cord is snapped, and the golden bowl is broken, and the pitcher is broken at the fountain, and the wheel broken at the cistern, | 6 Remember him--before the silver cord is severed, or the golden bowl is broken; before the pitcher is shattered at the spring, or the wheel broken at the well, |
7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the breath returns to God who gave it. | 7 and the dust returns to the ground it came from, and the spirit returns to God who gave it. |
New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. (New Revised Standard Bible Version Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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I found these rooster plates several months ago, but since it seems like everyone is posting their rooster dishes, I thought I'd better get in line, LOL
The rooster pitcher was from Ross, and the matching
The gold plates were a GdWl find last Tues. and the little sunflower bowls were ARC last spring. They had a price tag on the bottom that was $21.99 for a pair!! I paid $1.49 ea. The burgundy chargers, blue goblets, napkins, napkin rings, candles, large candleholder holding the pitcher, and flatware are all TS treasures. The silk sunflowers were also TS finds. There are 2 of these rooster plates and the other 2 have 2 different roosters, so there are only 3 different roosters total. I'm really enjoying the colors on this table. I just bought the candles in a box of mixed candles and the yellow was perfect for the table. The yellow candles I already had were too pastel to look good with the strong colors here. So, cock-a-doodle doo from me too!! TTFN,
Follow-Up Postings:
Absolutly stunning Candy!! I looove the color combination with this table and the bright colors of the roosters all work perfectly. Using the blue flatware , glasses and napkins gave just enough of a strong blue to balance the burgandys and yellows. Fabulous as usual. |
Candy this is such a beautiful 'Country French' tablescape! I love the rooster plates, pitcher and candleholders. The color combinations of deep burgundy, touches of blue and the yellow sunflowers blend so well and create a stunning setting. Once again, 'gurl'... you got some great buys...love it all! jane |
- Posted by marlene_2008 (My Page) on Fri, Aug 31, 12 at 21:56
Beautiful!! LOVE your plates and the color scheme is so inviting and just calls for comfort food I think. You are the luckiest shopper ever...you find the coolest tableware at the TS, etc. Ours are always so picked over. |
- Posted by christmascandy (My Page) on Fri, Aug 31, 12 at 23:29
MM, thank you. I meant to say the matching sugar and creamer were from BL! Duh me! I have seen rooster S & P's, but none that spoke to me enough to buy them, LOL Jane, I am drawn more to rich deep colors than I am to pastels. Maybe because I am a "winter." ha ha, remember when we used to have our colors done to tell us what season we were based on our skin tones and hair color? The gold plates were 49c ea at GdWl and 15% off for senior discount woohoo! They are a really heavy ceramic and the label is Tabletops Gallery. Thanks ladies, |
- Posted by christmascandy (My Page) on Fri, Aug 31, 12 at 23:35
Marlene, You posted while I was responding. The number of TS's I am able to visit, greatly increase my odds, LOL I also do a lot of digging through the plates to see what I can find. I am finding too many though, I need to be more selective as the basement is quite full of dishes. Thanks for all the compliments everybody. I sure do enjoy TTFN, |
Love your table Candy. The colors are so vibrant and cheerful! It's neat that you were able to find the matching sugar bowl and creamer. The bright yellow plates set the rooster plates off perfectly. I love the blue napkins and stems and the sweet little sunflower bowls are perfect. I'm so glad you create your tables and share them with us. I LOVE looking at them!! Nana |
- Posted by jeannespines (My Page) on Sat, Sep 1, 12 at 15:11
Another 'Holiday-er' w/something to crow about ! Yay! I am lovin' this t'scape, candy! It's the sunflowers w/the roosters that certainly grabs attention! Big, bright & bold ...love those rooster plates & the centerpc plus the sugar & creamer 7 the couple of sunflower bowls! Yes, French Country, for sure! Makes me smile! Your black flatware is wonderful w/the plates as is the bold blue you used in napkins & glassware. Wow...I am glad you shared & I hope you have a big basement cause I love seein' all your tables! Jeanne S. |
Absolutely love the color combination of this table. I don't think my thrift stores even get much in the way of dishes. |
Oh Candy, love all of your roosters! They are so colorful and make this table striking. The plates, sunflower bowls, stems, flatware and layering just beautiful together. Napkin rings really caught my eye too. Guess we'll wait to see Jeanne's rooster show, then we can fly the coop and get our brooms ready!LOL Punk |
- Posted by jeannespines (My Page) on Mon, Sep 3, 12 at 22:40
Oh punk...I am so slow this summer ...hot outside again , no rain...so busy ... later in the month, I'm hoping! My DD was here a few wks back & said, "Mom, I don't think I've ever seen the buffet not decorated." (& it's still not) Aarghh...working on the garden shed re-vamp (which was actually started in April in good weather...but got side-tracked w/some volunteer work ...& then each day passes so quickly!) Gotta love it, uh...I'm lump #2 ...well, now #1 ...I think Jane is back! SMILE! Jeanne S. |
Jeanne, it's ok to play outside while you can. The fair really kicked my butt this year along with the business and DS running for Judge. Not sure when I'll find time to decorate any time soon. I'm thinking it will be fun to jump on here and enjoy everyone elses decor even if I don't do any. I may be lump#2 and then move into lump #1 soon!LOL That's what's neat about our Holiday forum. Someone always jumps in to help entertain us. Punk |
- Posted by luvstocraft (My Page) on Thu, Sep 6, 12 at 15:43
Candy, what great finds. I too love how the yellow set off those rooster plates. I have a few rooster and sunflower things in my small kitchen and they always make me smile, such bright happy colors. As always you found just the right things to go together. Awesome! |
- Posted by christmascandy (My Page) on Sun, Sep 9, 12 at 0:31
Thanks everbody. The flatware is actually navy blue but looks black in the photos. I have had a thing for roosters since I was a kid visiting DGP's farm. Except for the mean one that used to attack us when we left the fenced yard, LOL I am working on a Halloween decoration to be shared later, but obviously not ready for that decor yet, LOL Thanks again, |
- Posted by purplemoon (My Page) on Mon, Sep 10, 12 at 1:27
I must have posted on your roosters in my dreams, cause I sure don't see it here! You must know I'd love a rooster table tho ;o) Those plates are so neat and colorful, I especially like the one in the last picture! hugs, Karen |
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text:
The ear is divided into three parts:
1. The outer ear, meaning the part of the ear you can see on the side of the head plus the ear canal leading down to the ear drum
2. The middle ear, meaning the ear drum, ear bones (ossicles) and the air spaces behind the ear drum and the mastoid cavities
3. The inner ear, meaning where the nerve endings are for the organs of hearing and balance (equilibrium).
It is the middle ear that causes discomfort during air travel, and this is so because it is an air...
It's been said many times that not everything strange or odd you experienced is caused by MS. But it is highly important to repeat that... Read more »
This past week has been a "doozie", as we would say in the Midwest. I have been dealing with an insurance company change, and all... Read more »
Some people with rheumatoid arthritis complain of hearing loss, a full feeling in their ears or fluid in their ear. Although hearing loss... Read more »
Full Question: I always get an ear ache (sometimes in both ears) preceding a migraine attack. My doctor seems puzzled by this. Is ear... Read more »
Some users have been getting error messages when posting comments, questions and SharePosts, mostly an Internal Server Error. We have been... Read more »
Source: ADAM Encyclopedia
Fusion of the ear bones is the joining of the bones of the inner ear -- the incus, malleus, and stapes bones.See also:Chronic ear... Read more »
Source: ADAM Encyclopedia
The ear is the organ of hearing and balance. It has three parts: the outer, middle, and inner ear.The outer ear collects sound waves, which move... Read more »
Source: ADAM Encyclopedia
Ear infections are one of the most common reasons parents take their children to the doctor. While there are different types of ear infections, the... Read more »
Source: ADAM Encyclopedia
Hearing Loss and Speech or Developmental DelayWhile severe cases of recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) or persistent otitis media with effusion (OME)... Read more »
Source: ADAM Encyclopedia
Tinnitus is the medical term for "hearing" noises in your ears when there is no outside source of the sounds. The noises you hear can be soft or... Read more »


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This was our second stay and it was as pleasant and perfect as our 1st! Our 1st stay, June 2014 and this stay Jan 22 2015 were fantastic. 1st room was a king double, this stay a queen double. Both rooms were exceptionally clean, with an easy, pleasant check in. We have stayed here on our way to the Keys and plan on utilizing the hotel for an upcoming Everglades visit. Both times we encountered courteous, professional staff. A definite hidden gem on the way to the Florida Keys!!!
- Reservation Options:
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- Also Known As:
- Comfort Hotel Florida City
- Comfort Inn Florida City
- Florida City Comfort Inn


text:
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Business Edition 6000
- Mfr # BE6K-ST-BDL-K9
- Item # 03922266
Cisco Business Edition 6000 is designed for organizations with up to 1000 employees. The solution offers premium voice, video, mobility, messaging, conferencing, instant messaging and presence, and contact center features on a single, integrated platform. The solution provides core communication capabilities that midsize businesses need for improved collaboration across their value chain.


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Crochet baby blanket.
I crocheted this bird and made it in to a bag with a zipper.
Paint your vintage keys with fingernail polish for a new look!
Make a rug out of pom poms!
from rags to awesomeness
Expensive looking beaded bracelet!
A Christmas Tree with Nesting Scallops!
Give a quirky recycled look to your living room…
...or invisible shelf?
Cuteness from one sock. ^^
TEN minutes to make this...no kidding
ashtrays made from cans!!
bored of white envelopes? make your own envelopes with any images you like :)


text:
bat1 (bæt) | |
—n | |
1. | any of various types of club with a handle, used to hit the ball in certain sports, such as cricket, baseball, or table tennis |
2. | a flat round club with a short handle, resembling a table-tennis bat, used by a man on the ground to guide the pilot of an aircraft when taxiing |
3. | cricket short for batsman |
4. | any stout stick, esp a wooden one |
5. | informal a blow from such a stick |
6. | (Austral) a small board used for tossing the coins in the game of two-up |
7. | slang (US), (Canadian) a drinking spree; binge |
8. | slang speed; rate; pace: they went at a fair bat |
9. | another word for batting |
10. | cricket carry one's bat (of an opening batsman) to reach the end of an innings without being dismissed |
11. | off one's own bat |
a. of one's own accord; without being prompted by someone else | |
b. by one's own unaided efforts | |
12. | informal (US), (Canadian) off the bat, right off the bat immediately; without hesitation |
—vb , bats, batting, batted | |
13. | (tr) to strike with or as if with a bat |
14. | (intr) sport (of a player or a team) to take a turn at batting |
[Old English batt club, probably of Celtic origin; compare Gaelic bat, Russian bat] |
The Hebrew word (atalleph') so rendered (Lev. 11:19; Deut. 14:18) implies "flying in the dark." The bat is reckoned among the birds in the list of unclean animals. To cast idols to the "moles and to the bats" means to carry them into dark caverns or desolate places to which these animals resort (Isa. 2:20), i.e., to consign them to desolation or ruin.
at bat
Taking one's turn. For example, At this conference, with so many interruptions, it's hard to tell which speaker is at bat, or I was nervous while waiting to testify, but once at bat I felt better. This idiom, from baseball, was already being transferred to other enterprises by the 1880s. Also see on deck.


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Hustler Turf Equip Lawn Mowers & Turf Care Equipment |
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
Upgrade air filter now standard?
I read in a post that the upgrade to the airfilter on the Super Z is now standard. I ordered my Super Z on Monday and will be getting it next friday, will it have the upgraded air filter?
Last edited by mowerconsultant; 06-15-2002 at 12:39 AM.. |
It is not standard yet.....
Let me explain...... We have not received the engines from Kawasaki equiped with the carburetors for the heavy duty filter kit. This kit requires different jetting in the carburetor for it to run correctly and meet EPA regulations. The units that have the heavy duty filter kits on them now were installed at dealers that ordered the filter kit. We are shipping these kits for in field installation to dealers as fast as we get some of the components from Kawasaki. Installing this kit requires removing the carburetor and installing different jetting. Please call your dealer to verify if he is going to put this kit on your unit. As soon as we have the engines equiped for the heavy duty filter system, we will be installing it at the factory. The filter kit costs $149.00 plus installation if done at the dealer. When they are on the units from the factory there will be a price increase on the mowers with them. Hope this helps Pj
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Archiwum 2009/2010
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Well, ok, sure, you sound great. You have a wonderful singing voice. Thank you for sharing your talent with us, it's really a blessing, but — not to be rude, certainly — but…who's making the pizza? I'm sure you have some very capable employees, I'm not doubting that, but could you go back and see if they're making the pizza? It's just. Look, this has been an absolute joy, we love it when you sing, it's just that we came here because we were hungry for pizza and from the looks of it you're not making the pizza for us to eat right now. Just from the looks of it. Did you already put it in the oven? Are you sure it's not burning? Can you just go check on it? (Via TastefullyOffensive.)
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Do I make a Spaceballs reference or a Ninja Turtles reference? What's that? I got nothing anyway? Oh, ok.
Did you know the people who made Batman: Arkham Asylum and Batman: Arkham City are working on a similar style game for the Ninja Turtles? Entirely unrelated, but I felt you should know that.
That's crazy. I was a big fan back when I was 10, but haven't paid attention to the Turtles for a good 18 years until just recently because my friend is drawing the new comic for IDW.
Its tough to find an opera job out there. Soon there will be an opera of Whole Foods employees… There is one is this link isn't there?
And this face:


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If you like lighter, faster, and more powerful then you have at least two things to like about the new Mercedes-Benz SL 63 AMG. It gets a 537-horsepower, 590-pound-foot version of the M571 twin-turbo V8 making the rounds in AMG vehicles, but that can be bumped to 564 hp and 664 lb-ft with the AMG Performance Package.
All of that thrust works on a car that is 125 kilograms lighter than the last generation, having lost 120 kg through the use of an aluminum bodyshell and another five kg with trunk formed of carbon fiber and plastic.
read more
Mercedes revealed their new AMG convertible in the launch video for their 2012 F1 car. With a 529 horsepower, 5.5 liter twin-turbo V8 and all the customary AMG accessories, the new SL63 is going to make lot of country club show-offs... Read Post
It was inevitable. When the 2013 Mercedes-Benz SL63 AMG roadster made its debut at the 2012 Detroit Auto Show, we knew an AMG-tuned version would soon hit the road. The 2013 Mercedes Benz SL63 AMG builds on all the features of its m... Read Post
Straight out of the box the Mercedes Benz SL63 AMG is already one of the sportiest models in the carmaker's lineup, but the car's heady 525hp (392kW) output was never going to satisfy the guys at German tuner Carlsson. Applying less... Read Post


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Opened nearly three years ago, Spoonbar has always had an extensive bar program, but now the food under Louis Maldonado surpasses it. Maldonado worked at Fifth Floor and Aziza and brings high-style cooking to the reasonably priced seasonal menu. Vegetables can take center stage in such dishes as broccoli with crushed potatoes, puffed rice and tomatillo. All main courses are $23 and might include slow-poached chicken breast with a cabbage roll stuffed with braised chicken, dates, black lentils and almonds. It's some of the most satisfying and modern food in Sonoma County, and it's served in a casual, contemporary restaurant that has floor-to-ceiling doors opening to the sidewalk.
Specialties: Menu changes seasonally
Lunch noon-4 p.m. Saturday-Sunday; dinner 5-10 p.m. Sunday-Thursday, until 11 p.m. Friday-Saturday.


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
Sort by: Date | Rating | Most Helpful
"OK - I know it's a cardinal sin to give a 5 star when you alter a recipe but, I don't care! I was provided a basis for a perfect frosting & it was amazing! As someone else recommended, I subbed 1/2 cup for butter (earth balance). I then I used 1 tsp clear vanilla. Since it didn't appear vanillaie enough for me I added 1/2 ts..."
"AMAZING!! My husband & cousins husband were just diagnosed with ciliac. On Christmas Eve we always have spaghetti. I made this bread so they had something to go with their pasta. Needless to say, everyone - even the kids, wanted their bread. They all thought it was better than the Costco bakery bread. Thank you for such an awesome recipe."


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Welcome to ColorCenterOnline.com! The Color Center is a full service copy and print center located in the downtown business district of Ellwood City. Conveniently located on Lawrence Avenue, directly across the street from the Ellwood City Municipal Building, The Color Center offers an expanded menu of services and a wide array of equipment and technology that is ready to tackle any print or copy project.
The Color Center currently offers two, high-volume XEROX digital presses, and a RISOGRAPH ink press that handle your copy and print needs. Along with our copiers and presses, we offer a state-of-the-art Hewlett-Packer plotters capable of printing large, oversized prints, portraits, and blue prints. Our HP-T1100 MFP scanner and printer series offer high speed blue print scanning and printing services.
Along with our printing and copying equipment, The Color Center's experienced and knowledgeable design staff can develop a final product that best suits your needs. Our graphic designs can fulfill projects ranging from simple flyer copying or designs, to spearheading your business' marketing plan with logo design, promotional material design, and prints.
The Color Center is also a FedEx Authorized Ship Center, offering FedEx Ground and FedEx Express shipping capabilities. Come into our store to see what The Color Center can do for you.


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Authorities search for child predator suspect
UPDATED 5:33 PM CDT Jul 05, 2013Omaha and Bellevue police were searching for what authorities called a child sexual predator in Bellevue.
Video TranscriptFIRST AT FIVE: BREAKING NEWS. BELLEVUE POLICE.. ..TRACK DOWN.. ..AND ARREST A SUSPECTED CHILD PREDATOR. VIDEO FROM THE SCENE.. ..SHOWS THE MANHUNT. FROM THE AIR.. ..THE OMAHA POLICE HELICOPTER.. ..LOOKED FOR ANY SIGNS OF MOVEMENT. AND ON THE GROUND: OFFICERS ARMED WITH GUNS SEARCHED FIELDS AND WOODS.... HOPING TO SPOT HIM. IT ALL STARTED JUST AFTER 9-30.. .. ON BRYAN AVENUE. IT áENDED.. .. A LITTLE OVER TWO HOURS AGO... NEAR 25TH STREET AND HIGHWAY 370. THAT'S WHERE K-E-T-V NEWSWATCH SEVEN'S ALEX HOFFMAN IS LIVE WITH THE LATEST. TODD, WE'RE JUST NORTH OF HWY 370 ON 25TH STREET. TAKE A LOOK BEHIND ME..(step out of shot) TOWARDS THE END OF THIS TREE LINE.. IS WHERE BELLEVUE POLICE TOOK THAT MAN INTO CUSTODY AROUND 2-30 THIS AFTERNOON. ACCORDING TO BELLEVUE POLICE CHIEF MARK ELBERT... BELLEVUE POLICE WERE CALLED FOR AN ALLEGED SEXUAL ASSAULT OF AN 8- YEAR-OLD GIRL. BEFORE POLICE GOT THERE, THE SUSPECT..25 YEAR OLD DIEGO CAMPOS OF DES MOINES..RAN AWAY. AUTHORITIES SAY HE HAD A KNIFE..AND WAS THREATENING TO HARM HIMSELF! BELLEVUE POLICE, ASSISTED BY ABLE-ONE AND A CANINE UNIT, TRACKED THE SUSPECT FOR THE NEXT FIVE HOURS.. FINDING HIM IN A CULVERT MUCH LIKE THIS ONE YOU SEE HERE.. CREWS SAY THE SEARCH WAS DIFFICULT DUE TO THE LOCATION.( CHIEF MARK ELBERT / BELLEVUE POLICE DEPARTMENT: We don't do this on a regular base in the city and it has reached a height you can't see down the road and its just a giant green field and you cant see. ) ONCE AGAIN THAT SUSPECT IS 25-YEAR-OLD DIEGO CAMPOS OF DES MOINES.. AFTER BELLEVUE POLICE CAPTURED HIM AND PLACED HIM IN CUSTODY.. CAMPOS WAS TAKEN TO THE HOSPITAL TO GET CHECKED OUT.. THEN TO THE SARPY COUNTY JAIL FOR QUESTIONING. HE IS BEING CHARGED WITH SEXUAL ASSAULT OF A CHILD. WE'LL CONTINUE TO FOLLOW THIS STORY -- CHECK K-E-T-V DOT COM FOR THE LATEST. REPORTING LIVE..AH KETV NW7
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use. Your comment will not appear here until you verify your email address with Disqus. KETV NewsWatch 7 encourages users to report violations of our terms of use by flagging the inappropriate comment. Hold your mouse over the comment to reveal the flag on the right side, then click the flag.blog comments powered by Disqus


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condensation con·den·sa·tion (kŏn'děn-sā'shən, -dən-)
The act of making more solid or dense. Also called compression.
The process by which a gas or vapor changes to a liquid.
The liquid formed when a gas is condensed.
The psychological process by which a single symbol or word is associated with the emotional content of a group of ideas, feelings, memories, or impulses, especially as expressed in dreams.
The dental process of packing a filling material into a cavity.
Dictionary.com presents 366 FAQs, incorporating some of the frequently asked questions from the past with newer queries.


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A part of DM's Beatles site
A treasury and a place to meet people of all ages with various interests from all over the World
- January 28, 2015, 04:14:08 AM
- Welcome, Guest
Thank you!
Author Topic: What was the last Beatles Item you bought? (Read 90099 times)
suklpm and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.


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Jan. 12 (Bloomberg) -- Edison International's Southern California Edison has been slower than other California utilities to connect renewable energy projects to the grid, according to Senator Barbara Boxer.
At least 24 renewable energy projects in five National Park Service areas in southern California are waiting for interconnection agreements from the utility, many of them for at least two and a half years, the lawmaker said today in a letter to the utility.
"It is unacceptable that renewable energy projects that could save taxpayers money have been allowed to sit idle for so long," Boxer said.
At least 60 other projects at national parks have been connected to the grid, including six in California by PG&E Corp., according to the letter.
"I urge you to review these successful agreements and use them as a model to finalize pending interconnection agreements with the federal government so that all parties can fully realize the benefits of renewable energy," said Boxer, a California Democrat.
--Editors: Will Wade, Charles Siler
To contact the reporter on this story: Andrew Herndon in San Francisco at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Reed Landberg at email@example.com


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Pharr Police are looking for two burglary suspects
Thursday, June 17, 2010 - 8:30am
The Pharr Police Department arrested Erasmo Alvarado in connection to the burglary of the "A & E" drive thru beer barn perpetrated on Wednesday.
Police are looking for other two burglary suspects, Joshua Nathan Mata and Arnold Garcia Serrato, who are also accused of stealing money and merchandise from a building nearby North "Eye" Road last month.
Comments News Comments
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Results for ox
Who Should Pay for Our Pollution?
Originally Posted: 07/14/2011 - 7:18am | Type: Blog -
Congress is hard at work on historic energy and climate change legislation. The House of Representatives plans to vote on a bill in the next few weeks, with the Senate to follow in early fall.
 ...
My Advent Calendar: December 12
Originally Posted: 08/31/2011 - 3:39pm | Type: Blog -

Following on the theme of the last two windows, Dec. 12 on the Advent calendar opened to a picture o ...


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Content Category: Policy Watch |
Rhode Island Net-Metering Legislation Is Designed To Encourage Renewable Energy Production |
on Wednesday July 22 2009 by NAW Staff |
Gov. Donald L. Carcieri, R-R.I., has signed net-metering legislation into law. H-5461A, sponsored by Rep. David Segal, encourages renewable energy production by enabling those who [read more] |
FERC Issues Smart Grid Policy Statement Designed To Accelerate Development |
on Tuesday July 21 2009 by NAW Staff |
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has released the Smart Grid Policy Statement, which sets priorities for work on development of standards crucial to a [read more] |
Subcommittee Investigates Ways To Improve Wind Energy; Introduces Research Bill |
on Wednesday July 15 2009 by NAW Staff |
The U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science and Technology's Energy and Environment subcommittee held a hearing to examine the status of wind and solar [read more] |
Tennessee Governor Signs Clean Energy Future Act Of 2009 |
on Thursday July 09 2009 by NAW Staff |
Gov. Phil Bredesen, D-Tenn., has ceremonially signed into law the Tennessee Clean Energy Future Act of 2009. In signing the act, Bredesen was joined by [read more] |
EEA Draft Includes Areas Designated For Offshore Wind |
on Thursday July 02 2009 by NAW Staff |
Massachusetts Energy and Environmental Affairs (EEA) Secretary Ian Bowles has released the first draft of the agency's comprehensive ocean management plan for public review and [read more] |
ITC: House Climate Bill Lacks Necessary Transmission Reforms |
on Tuesday June 30 2009 by NAW Staff |
ITC Holdings Corp., an independent electricity transmission company based in Novi, Mich., has raised concerns about the lack of comprehensive electricity transmission policy reforms included [read more] |
House Passes Waxman-Markey Clean Energy Bill |
on Monday June 29 2009 by NAW Staff |
The House of Representatives has passed H.R.2298, the American Clean Energy and Security Act, sponsored by Rep. Henry A. Waxman, chairman of the House Energy [read more] |
EPA Releases Analysis Of House Energy Bill |
on Thursday June 25 2009 by NAW Staff |
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has completed an analysis of the American Clean Energy and Security Act (H.R.2454), as reported by the House Energy [read more] |
DOI Issues Five Exploratory Leases For Offshore Wind Energy Development |
on Wednesday June 24 2009 by NAW Staff |
Secretary of the Department of Interior (DOI) Ken Salazar has issued five exploratory leases for renewable wind energy production on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), [read more] |
Senate Energy Bill Includes Renewable Electricity Standard |
on Thursday June 18 2009 by Mark Del Franco |
By a vote of 15 to 8, the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources has approved the American Clean Energy Leadership Act, which [read more] |
Ontario Energy Board Issues Distribution System Plan Guidelines |
on Wednesday June 17 2009 by NAW Staff |
The Ontario Energy Board has issued initial guidelines related to accounting, funding and planning for distribution system development to accommodate renewable generation. The guidelines comprise [read more] |
PennFuture Praises Clean Energy Bills |
on Wednesday June 17 2009 by NAW Staff |
Citizens for Pennsylvania's Future (PennFuture), a public interest membership organization, has praised the House Environmental and Energy Committee for passing H.B.80, the Green Jobs/Clean Energy [read more] |
Maine Governor, Congressional Delegation Propose Offshore Wind Center |
on Wednesday June 17 2009 by NAW Staff |
Maine Gov. John Baldacci joined Sens. Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins and Reps. Mike Michaud and Chellie Pingree at a meeting with Energy Secretary Steven [read more] |
Obama Officials, WGA Announce Clean Energy Initiatives |
on Tuesday June 16 2009 by NAW Staff |
Senior Obama administration officials have announced a number of steps that will help the West tap its clean energy potential and create green jobs. The [read more] |
Maine Governor Signs Energy Legislation |
on Monday June 15 2009 by NAW Staff |
Gov. John E. Baldacci, D-Maine, has signed into law L.D.1485, legislation regarding Maine's energy future. The law establishes the Efficiency Maine Trust and Board, [read more] |


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$20 off glasses & free shipping for new prescription glasses customers // use code: first20 ✂
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If you want style and comfort, then you must have these Michael Stars Radiant Black Violet eyeglasses. These eyeglasses frames only use the best material to ensure high quality while giving you the best comfort.About the Brand
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Displaying review 1


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Fri, May 21, 10 at 11:54
Some plants are 50% off, some 40%, some 30%. Now until Monday. |
Follow-Up Postings:
thank you for posting this!! |
- Posted by prairiemoon2 zone 6a/MA (My Page) on Fri, May 21, 10 at 12:38
Your welcome...hurry over while they have everything! lol |
Put my order in this evening! :) |
No need to have bothered ordering, Dee. . .my order went in BEFORE yours and I took everything that was left ! :-) Carl |
Why am I not surprised, Carl? ;) |
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Clinical Trials
Without clinical trials, we would not have many of the medications and vaccines that we use every day to protect our health. Without participants, there would be no clinical trials.
Banner Research is dedicated to making sure our research is conducted ethically, safely and efficiently and that patients are protected throughout the clinical-trials process.
Your safety in a research study
We protect patient safety and rights by:
Research Review Process
Before a clinical trial can begin, it must first be approved by the Banner Health Institutional Review Board, which is made up of Banner Health care professionals and others who are responsible for protecting clinical trial participants and making sure that the trials follow federal laws.
After a clinical trial begins, the IRB monitors the trial. The Food and Drug Administration regulates all IRBs every five years. FDA officials also can visit facilities at any time and review anything they choose related to clinical trials.
The informed consent process is designed to make sure patients understand the clinical trial's plan before agreeing to participate.
For every study in which a patient participates, they receive a document called "Consent to Participate in a Clinical Research Study" that explains the study in straightforward language. A member of the research team discusses the protocol with the patient, explains its details, and answers their questions.
We realize that participating in research is unique and may generate questions about the patients' role in the research process. If you are considering participating in a clinical trial and if you have any any unanswered question or a problem you would like to discuss, please feel free to call the research directors.
Points to consider:
A research study may or may not help you personally
In the future, the results could help others who have a health problem
Taking part in a research study is voluntary
Research is conducted in several phases, understand what phase is being evaluated and how it affects your treatment
Discussions with your family, friends, physician, or patient representative are important in the decision making process
Questions to ask your doctor or the researcher conducting the research study
What is the purpose of the research?
Who is doing the study?
Will I be able to continue with my own doctor?
Is there any cost to me?
Do the researchers have any incentives or conflict of interests in enrolling me?
Do the researchers have any incentives or conflict of interests in enrolling me?
Will my health insurance pay for this?
How long will the study last?
What kinds of tests and exams will I have to take while I'm on the study? How long will they take?
What other treatment choices do I have? How do they compare with the treatment being studied?
Is it possible I will receive a placebo? (A placebo is a pill that contains no medicine). Are there risks? If so, what are they and what are the chances they will occur?
Can I stop participating if I change my mind? What could happen if I stop?
What if I am injured?
What happens at the end of the study? Will I be told the results?
Whom do I contact for answers to my questions?


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Tags psychedelic, low fi, electronica, folk, trippy
Genres experimental, indie, electronic, post-rock, psychedelic (beta) (flag as incorrect)
Published October 29, 2010
Eight tracks including music by Avey Tare & Kría Brekkan, Fleet Foxes and Gang Gang Dance.
Brainfeeding II by madamehusseim
Including music by Tokimonsta, Jeremiah Jae, Lapalux, Teebs.
brainfeeder, experimental, chill, psychedelia, electronica
Echoes by madamehusseim
Extreme reverb by Balam Acab, Blind Man's Colour, Idiot Glee, Big Spider's Back, Panda Bear and others.
jelly, ambient electronica, echoes, experimental, psych folk
* by madamehusseim
Eight tracks including music by Ochre, Juana Molina and Moskitoo.
electronic, idm, glitch, electronica
Holy Winter II by madamehusseim
Eight tracks including music by Astrud & Col·lectiu Brossa, The Go Find and Deapartment Of Eagles.
indietronica, electronica, indie, winter, lo-fi