text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
LOS ANGELES TIMES TIlE WASfIINGTON POST Jet Gets 'Military Escort After 'Misunderstanding'
E-Print Network (OSTI)
could collapse at any time, has begun developing plans to help Cuba manage a change in government and nudge the aging president's successor toward a U.S.-style system. Administration officials say they are trying to chart how they would react if the Cuban leader's death, for example, opened the way for a leadership more sympathetic to the United States. And they are considering what they would do if it set off a mass migration toward Florida that the United States would have to head off. From President Bush down, the administration "has come to a realization that we need to be more vigorous in thinking through what we would do in any number of contingencies, " said a senior administration official who asked to remain unidentified. "We have a number of interests in play." Many analysts say the government that succeeds Castro might permit additional limited free enterprise- perhaps focusing on small businesses- as a way of turning around the impoverished island's economy. But many also believe that it would resist political reform. WASHINGTON Two F-16 fighter jets escorted a US Airways jet to Baltimore-
World Nation
Jet Jet Jet Jet
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
protons protons top quark bottom quark muon top quark antiprotons bottom quark low energy muon quark quark - W boson + Jet Jet Jet Jet neutrino W boson particles antiparticles A Top Antitop Quark Event from the D-Zero Detector at Fermilab muon low energy muon Jet Jet Jet Jet particles antiparticles Particles Seen by the D-Zero Detector at Fermilab in a Top Antitop Quark Event. DST LEGO 16-JUL-1996 15:32 Run 92704 Event 14022 9-JUL-1995 13:17 MUON MUON Miss ET ET DST ETA-PHI 4 MUON 1 MISS ET 4 JET (HAD) (EM) D-Zero Detector at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Lego Plot CAL+TKS END VIEW 16-JUL-1996 15:33 Run 92704 Event 14022 9-JUL-1995 13:17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jet Fuel from Microalgal Lipids
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
A fact sheet on production of jet fuel or multi-purpose military fuel from lipids produced by microalgae.
Not Available
Corrosion in Military Environments
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
...occurs in many military applications, including power plants (coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear), land-based gas turbine and diesel engines, gas turbine engines for aircraft, marine gas turbine engines for shipboard use, waste incineration, high-temperature fuel cells, and missile components....
Environmental and economic assessment of microalgae-derived jet fuel
Significant efforts must be undertaken to quantitatively assess various alternative jet fuel pathways when working towards achieving environmental and economic United States commercial and military alternative aviation ...
Carter, Nicholas Aaron
FastJet user manual
FastJet is a C++ package that provides a broad range of jet finding and analysis tools. It includes efficient native implementations of all widely used 2-to-1 sequential recombination jet algorithms for pp and e+e- collisions, as well as access to 3rd party jet algorithms through a plugin mechanism, including all currently used cone algorithms. FastJet also provides means to facilitate the manipulation of jet substructure, including some common boosted heavy-object taggers, as well as tools for estimation of pileup and underlying-event noise levels, determination of jet areas and subtraction or suppression of noise in jets.
Matteo Cacciari; Gavin P. Salam; Gregory Soyez
A Theory of Military Dictatorships
We investigate how nondemocratic regimes use the military and how this can lead to the emergence of military dictatorships. The elite may build a strong military and make the concessions necessary for the military to behave ...
Acemoglu, Daron
Organic vapor jet printing system
DOE Patents (OSTI)
An organic vapor jet printing system includes a pump for increasing the pressure of an organic flux.
Forrest, Stephen R
Military installations
This report has reviewed the use of U.S. coal at DOD installations in West Germany. DOD reported that between April 1, 1988, and December 31, 1988, it had between 306,000 and 419,000 tons of U.S. coal stored in Germany. About two-thirds of that was anthracite coal. GAO visited six coal-handling locations that accounted for 72 to 79 percent of the total U.S. coal between April and December 1988. This report could not verify the official inventory records at five locations - two Air Force and three Army - for several reasons, including a lack of required physical inventories of coal for recent years. DOD's coal consumption data for fiscal year 1988 appeared to be accurate since it matched the data reported on source documents maintained at the installations and their commands. According to reported DOD coal inventory and consumption data, as of September 30, 1988, DOD had enough anthracite coal on hand to satisfy projected demands through at least fiscal year 1993, given that no additional heating plant conversions other than those already approved occur and no additional shipments of coal occur. DOD said that as of September 30, 1988, it facilities in Germany had enough anthracite coal on hand to last a minimum of five years.
Jet Observables Without Jet Algorithms
We introduce a new class of event shapes to characterize the jet-like structure of an event. Like traditional event shapes, our observables are infrared/collinear safe and involve a sum over all hadrons in an event, but like a jet clustering algorithm, they incorporate a jet radius parameter and a transverse momentum cut. Three of the ubiquitous jet-based observables---jet multiplicity, summed scalar transverse momentum, and missing transverse momentum---have event shape counterparts that are closely correlated with their jet-based cousins. Due to their "local" computational structure, these jet-like event shapes could potentially be used for trigger-level event selection at the LHC. Intriguingly, the jet multiplicity event shape typically takes on non-integer values, highlighting the inherent ambiguity in defining jets. By inverting jet multiplicity, we show how to characterize the transverse momentum of the n-th hardest jet without actually finding the constituents of that jet. Since many physics applications do require knowledge about the jet constituents, we also build a hybrid event shape that incorporates (local) jet clustering information. As a straightforward application of our general technique, we derive an event-shape version of jet trimming, allowing event-wide jet grooming without explicit jet identification. Finally, we briefly mention possible applications of our method for jet substructure studies.
Daniele Bertolini; Tucker Chan; Jesse Thaler
NNSA's Military Academic Collaborations | National Nuclear Security
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Military Academic Collaborations | National Nuclear Security Military Academic Collaborations | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > Media Room > Video Gallery > NNSA's Military Academic Collaborations NNSA's Military Academic Collaborations NNSA's Military Academic Collaborations The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of Defense Programs offers a suite of activities to enhance collaboration between NNSA's eight sites and the U.S. Military Academies and ROTC programs at other universities. These programs are administered at NNSA and executed at NNSA sites, including the labs, production facilities and the Nevada National Security Site. At each location, leading-edge research and development is carried out on key national security technologies critical to the United States and its allies.
ooo MILITARY HANDBOOK
in accordance with established procedure. 2. This publication was approved on 19 January 1978 for printing and inclusion in the military handbook series. 3. This document provides basic and fundamental information on the thermal design of military electronic equipment. It will provide information and guidance to personnel concerned with such design. The handbook is not intended to be referenced in purchase specifications except for informational purposes, nor shall it supersede any specification requirements. 4. This handbook will be reviewed periodically to insure its completeness and currency. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertipent data which may be of use in improving this document shoi$3d be addressed
unknown authors
Military Initiative | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Military Initiative Military Initiative Military Initiative 54% of the Tribes located in close proximity to military bases are located in the West, 18% in the Pacific Northwest, and 12% in New England and New York. Map from NREL 54% of the Tribes located in close proximity to military bases are located in the West, 18% in the Pacific Northwest, and 12% in New England and New York. Map from NREL The DOE Office of Indian Energy is working with the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) to help it obtain 25% of its energy from renewable energy and promote energy security by educating tribal leaders and military leaders on partnership opportunities as well as providing technical assistance to Tribes working with local military installations. More than 50 Tribes are located adjacent to or near military installations,
Tribal and Military Leaders Come Together to Talk Renewable Energy |
Tribal and Military Leaders Come Together to Talk Renewable Energy Tribal and Military Leaders Come Together to Talk Renewable Energy Tribal and Military Leaders Come Together to Talk Renewable Energy June 12, 2013 - 7:06pm Addthis The DOE Office of Indian Energy Tribal Leader Forum on "Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals" was held May 30–31 in Phoenix, Arizona. Photo by Brooke Oleen Tieperman, NCSL. The DOE Office of Indian Energy Tribal Leader Forum on "Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals" was held May 30-31 in Phoenix, Arizona. Photo by Brooke Oleen Tieperman, NCSL. Attendees included tribal, DOE, and U.S. Department of Defense representatives. Photo by Brooke Oleen Tieperman, NCSL. Attendees included tribal, DOE, and U.S. Department of Defense
Microalgal Production of Jet Fuel: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-07-208
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that can use CO2 and sunlight to generate the complex biomolecules necessary for their survival. These biomolecules include energy-rich lipid compounds that can be converted using existing refinery equipment into valuable bio-derived fuels, including jet fuel for military and commercial use. Through a dedicated and thorough collaborative research, development and deployment program, the team of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Chevron will identify a suitable algae strain that will surpass the per-acre biomass productivity of terrestrial plant crops.
Jarvis, E. E.; Pienkos, P. T.
17.950 Understanding Modern Military Operations, Spring 2005
A proper understanding of modern military operations requires a prior understanding of both the material side of war, including especially weapon, sensor, communication, and information processing technologies, and the ...
Cote, Owen R., 1960-
17.462 Innovation in Military Organizations, Spring 2001
Explores the origins, rate, and impact of innovations in military organizations, doctrine, and weapons. Emphasis on organization theory approaches. Comparisons with nonmilitary and non-US experience included. From the ...
Posen, Barry
Biofuels – Jet fuel
This is a process for producing jet fuel from biological feed stock, including animal fats and oils, vegetable oils, and crop seed oils. The aviation and fuel-producing communities would have the option of leveraging available renewable and/or ...
Cultural intelligence support for military operations
SciTech Connect
It has long been recognized that military success relies on knowledge of the enemy. In the context of standard warfare, adequate knowledge of the enemy may be gained by analyzing observable, measurable data. In the context of modern counterinsurgency operations and the global war on terror, the task of predicting the behavior of the enemy is vastly more complex and difficult. Without an understanding of the ways individuals in the host nation interpret and react to events, no amount of objective information can provide the insight required to accurately predict behavior. US military doctrine has begun to recognize the importance of the many ways that local culture can affect operation success. Increasingly military decision makers use cultural information in the service of operation planning, and troops are provided with pre-deployment cultural training. However, no amount of training can cover the breadth and depth of potentially useful cultural information, and no amount of careful planning can avoid the need to adapt as situations develop. Therefore, a critical challenge is to provide useful tools to US personnel in their efforts to collect, analyze, and utilize cultural information. Essential functions for cultural support tools include the following: (1) to narrow down a broad range of available data and focus the user's attention on context-relevant information, (2) to present cultural information in an easily understood form, (3) to prompt the user to seek relevant information in the environment, (4) to synthesize information, and (5) to predict outcomes based on possible courses of operation. In this paper, we begin by reviewing the ways in which military operations can benefit from cultural intelligence. We then discuss frameworks for analyzing cultural information in the context of a military operation. We conclude with a demonstration of our current efforts to develop a tool that meets the aforementioned functional challenges.
Guthormsen, Nay M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mac Kerrow, Edward P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Merritt, Terence [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Morgart, Ruth E [INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY
Urgency, uncertainty, and innovation: Building jet engines in postwar America
Organizational history and theory have in recent years begun to integrate the non rational dimensions of action, relationships, and problem-solving with foundational under-standings of rationality.This study demonstrates that when insufficient knowledge ... Keywords: Cold war, innovation, jet propulsion, military, non-linearity, technology, uncertainty
Philip Scranton
Military housing foam application and analysis
Sandia and Forest City have established a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), the partnership provides a unique opportunity to take technology research and development from demonstration to application in sustainable communities. This project consists of two activities conducted in Hawaii that focus on performance, integration and application of energy saving technologies. Hawaii has many energy challenges, making this location an excellent testbed for these activities. Under this project, spray foam technology was applied at military housing on Oahu and the consumption data collected. A cost benefit and operational analysis of the foam was completed. The second phase of this project included design, integration, and analysis of photovoltaic systems at a military community on Oahu. This phase of the project was conducted as part of Forest City's second Solar America Showcase Award.
Torres, J. J.
Supersonic Jet Excitation using Flapping Injection
Supersonic jet noise reduction is important for high speed military aircraft. Lower acoustic levels would reduce structural fatigue leading to longer lifetime of the jet aircraft. It is not solely structural aspects which are of importance, health issues of the pilot and the airfield per- sonnel are also very important, as high acoustic levels may result in severe hearing damage. It remains a major challenge to reduce the overall noise levels of the aircraft, where the supersonic exhaust is the main noise source for near ground operation. Fluidic injection into the supersonic jet at the nozzle exhaust has been shown as a promising method for noise reduction. It has been shown to speed up the mix- ing process of the main jet, hence reducing the kinetic energy level of the jet and the power of the total acoustic radiation. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism between the fluidic injection and the shock structure in the jet exhaust plays a crucial role in the total noise radia- tion. In this study, LES is used...
Hafsteinsson, Haukur; Andersson, Niklas; Cuppoletti, Daniel; Gutmark, Ephraim; Prisell, Erik
Armed forces, states and threats : civil-military institutions and military power in modern democracies
Two longstanding questions preoccupying political scientists, military officers and policymakers alike are how should and how do political leaders interact with military professionals? This thesis argues that historic ...
DeVore, Marc Ronald
Fourth generation nuclear weapons: Military effectiveness and collateral effects, Report ISRI-05-03
The paper begins with a general introduction and update to Fourth Generation Nuclear Weapons (FGNW), and then addresses some particularly important military aspects on which there has been only limited public discussion so far. These aspects concern the unique military characteristics of FGNWs which make them radically different from both nuclear weapons based on previous-generation nuclear-explosives and from conventional weapons based on chemical-explosives: yields in the 1 to 100 tons range, greatly enhanced coupling to targets, possibility to drive powerful shaped-charge jets and forged fragments, enhanced prompt radiation effects, reduced collateral damage and residual radioactivity, etc.
Andre Gsponer
2013 Military Webinar | Department of Energy
3 Military Webinar 2013 Military Webinar May 15, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis This Office of Indian Energy webinar originally presented on May 15, 2013, features a panel of U.S....
2013 Military Webinar 2013 Military Webinar May 15, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis This Office of Indian Energy webinar originally presented on May 15, 2013, features a panel of U.S....
Atomic Energy for Military Purposes
Atomic Energy for Military Purposes: The Official Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb member of the project, to draft a report about its activities. Smyth completed the report in the summer, in a censored version. On August 11, 1945, five days after the Allies dropped the first nuclear bomb on Japan
Landweber, Laura
Formation of Jets by Baroclinic Turbulence
Turbulent fluids are frequently observed to spontaneously self-organize into large spatial-scale jets; geophysical examples of this phenomenon include the Jovian banded winds and the earth's polar-front jet. These relatively steady large-scale ...
Brian F. Farrell; Petros J. Ioannou
Nonpetroleum mobility fuels and military-energy self-sufficiency
Nonpetroleum hydrocarbon fuels will likely serve as transition fuels for a few decades after petroleum sources become scarce. But nonpetroleum hydrocarbon fuels are ultimately either nonrenewable (e.g., coal and oil shale synfuels) or are inefficient to produce. Nuclear sources (supplemented by solar, geothermal, etc., as available) for electric power generation and hydrogen production provide a combination that can be used for military energy needs including mobility fuels, namely liquid hydrogen. This approach can give the military energy self-sufficiency for stationary needs as well as ground vehicles, ships, and aircraft. System integration concepts are discussed, and concepts for a methodology to evaluate source-to-use pathways for different classes of military bases are outlined.
Freiwald, D.A.; Barattino, W.J.
Shaping Planetary Nebulae by Jets
We conduct 2D axisymmetrical hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the interaction of a collimated fast wind (CFW; wide jets) with a spherical AGB wind. The code includes radiative cooling. We find that the shape of the planetary nebula (PN) is sensitive to the exact mass loss history of the AGB wind, and the opening angle of the CFW. Some typical PN morphologies are obtained, but many other observed morphologies seem to require more ingredients than what we assume in our present simulations, e.g., equatorial AGB wind, and ionization and fast wind during the PN phase. The hot bipolar bubble formed by the jets is an X-ray source.
Muhammad Akashi
Changes in Russia's Military and Nuclear Doctrine
In 1993, the Russian Federation set out a new military doctrine that would determine the direction of its armed forces until President Putin set out the next doctrine in 2000. The Russian Federation creating the doctrine was new; the USSR had recently collapsed, Gorbachev - the creator of the predecessor to this doctrine in 1987 - was out of office, and the new Russian military had only been formed in May, 1992.1 The analysis of the 1993 doctrine is as follows: a definition of how doctrine is defined; a short history of Russian military doctrine leading up to the 1993 doctrine (officially the Basic Provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation); and finally, what the doctrine established. An overview of the 1993 doctrine is: (1) Russia's 1993 doctrine was a return to older, more aggressive doctrine as a result of stability concerns surrounding the recent collapse of the USSR; (2) Russia turned from Gorbachev's 'defensive defense' in the 1987 doctrine to aggressive defense with the option of preempting or striking back against an aggressor; (3) Russia was deeply concerned about how nationalism would affect the former Soviet Republics, particularly in respect to the ethnic Russians still living abroad; and (4) Nuclear doctrine pledged to not be the first to use nuclear weapons but provided for the potential for escalation from a conventional to a nuclear war. The 2000 doctrine (officially the Russian Federation Military Doctrine) was created in a more stable world than the 1993 doctrine was. The Russian Federation had survived independence and the 'threat of direct military aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies' had diminished. It had secured all of the nuclear weapons from its neighbors Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, and had elected a new president, Vladimir Putin, to replace Boris Yeltsin. Yet, even as the doctrine took more defensive tones than the 1993 doctrine, it expanded its nuclear options. Below are a new definition of what doctrine meant in 2000 and an outline of the 2000 doctrine. An overview of the 2000 doctrine is: (1) The 2000 doctrine was a return to a more defensive posture; the threat of nuclear retaliation, rather than that of preemptive force, would be its deterrence; (2) In order to strengthen its nuclear deterrence, Russia extended and redefined the cases in which nuclear weapons could be used to include a wider range of conflict types and a larger spectrum of attackers; and (3) Russia's threats changed to reflect its latest fear of engaging in a limited conflict with no prospect of the use of nuclear deterrence. In 2006, the defense minister and deputy prime minister Sergei Ivanov announced that the government was starting on a draft of a future doctrine. Four years later, in 2010, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation was put into effect with the intent of determining Russian doctrine until 2020. The 2010 doctrine, like all previous doctrines, was a product of the times in which it was written. Gone were many of the fears that had followed Russia for the past two decades. Below are an examination of the 2010 definition of doctrine as well as a brief analysis of the 2010 doctrine and its deviations from past doctrines. An overview of the 2010 doctrine is: (1) The new doctrine emphasizes the political centralization of command both in military policy and the use of nuclear weapons; (2) Nuclear doctrine remains the same in many aspects including the retention of first-use; (3) At the same time, doctrine was narrowed to using nuclear weapons only when the Russian state's existence is in danger; to continue strong deterrence, Russia also opted to follow the United States by introducing precision conventional weapons; (4) NATO is defined as Russia's primary external threat because of its increased global presence and its attempt to recruit states that are part of the Russian 'bloc'; and (5) The 2000 doctrine's defensive stance was left out of the doctrine; rumored options for use of nuclear weapons in local wars and in preemptive strikes were also left out.
Wolkov, Benjamin M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Balatsky, Galya I. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Inter-Korean military confidence building after 2003.
Tensions on the Korean Peninsula remain high despite a long-term strategy by South Korea to increase inter-Korean exchanges in economics, culture, sports, and other topics. This is because the process of reconciliation has rarely extended to military and security topics and those initiatives that were negotiated have been ineffective. Bilateral interactions must include actions to reduce threats and improve confidence associated with conventional military forces (land, sea, and air) as well as nuclear, chemical, and biological activities that are applicable to developing and producing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The purpose of this project is to develop concepts for inter-Korean confidence building measures (CBMs) for military and WMD topics that South Korea could propose to the North when conditions are right. This report describes the historical and policy context for developing security-related CBMs and presents an array of bilateral options for conventional military and WMD topics within a consistent framework. The conceptual CBMs address two scenarios: (1) improved relations where construction of a peace regime becomes a full agenda item in inter-Korean dialogue, and (2) continued tense inter-Korean relations. Some measures could be proposed in the short term under current conditions, others might be implemented in a series of steps, while some require a higher level of cooperation than currently exists. To support decision making by political leaders, this research focuses on strategies and policy options and does not include technical details.
Tae-woo, Kim (Korea Institute for Defense Analyses, Seoul, Republic of Korea); Littlefield, Adriane C.; Vannoni, Michael Geoffrey; Sang-beom, Kim (Korea Institute for Defense Analyses, Seoul, Republic of Korea); Koelm, Jennifer Gay; Olsen, John Norman; Myong-jin, Kim (Korea Institute for Defense Analyses, Seoul, Republic of Korea); Sung-tack, Shin (Korea Institute for Defense Analyses, Seoul, Republic of Korea)
Military and Reservist | Department of Energy
Military and Reservist Military and Reservist Military and Reservist Documents Available for Download March 10, 2010 Rights and Benefits of Reservists Called to Active Duty Detailed description of USERRA benefits and rights for Military employees called to active duty and the HR actions which need to occur. December 23, 2009 The Reemployment Checklist (USERRA) Reemployment works differently from service activation. To exercise reemployment right and benefits, the individual Federal employee leaving active service should use this checklist. December 23, 2009 National Service Activation Checklist Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act Career, Seniority, Pay, and Benefits information December 11, 2009 OPM Reservist Differential Briefing Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act Career,
Hypervelocity impact jet formation
The hypervelocity impact of a particle on a surface generates a jet of shocked material which is thrown from the impact site. A simple analytic model has been developed to obtain expressions for the evolution of this jet of ejecta. The analysis is based on applying the conservation equations of mass and momentum to the problem of a normal impact of a sphere against a semi-infinite flat target. Expressions are developed for the evolution of the jet velocity, jet release point and the locus of points which describe the ejecta envelope. These analytical ejecta profiles are compared with high speed photographs of impact jet formation. 6 refs., 7 figs.
Ang, J.A.
AIAA Paper 2006-0102 Analysis of Jet Effects on Co-Flow Jet Airfoil
.-C. Zha, C. Paxton, A. Conley, A. Wells, and B. Carroll, "Effect of Injection Slot Size on High in this paper to analyze the jet effect on co-flow jet airfoil with injection and suction and the airfoil with injection only. The ducts reaction forces formulations to be included for lift and drag calculation
Zha, Gecheng
Effect of military training on indicators of soil quality at Fort Benning, Georgia
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of soil disturbance on several key indicators of soil quality at Fort Benning, Georgia. Military activities at Fort Benning that result in soil disturbance include infantry, artillery, wheeled, and tracked vehicle training. Soil samples were collected along a disturbance gradient that included: (1) reference sites, (2) light military use, (3) moderate military use, (4) heavy military use, and (5) remediated sites. With the exception of surface soil bulk density, measured soil properties at reference and light use sites were similar. Relative to reference sites, greater surface soil bulk density, lower soil carbon concentrations, and less carbon and nitrogen in particulate organic matter (POM) were found at moderate use, heavy use, and remediated sites. Studies along a pine forest chronosequence indicated that carbon stocks in POM gradually increased with stand age. An analysis of soil C:N ratios, as well as soil carbon concentrations and stocks, indicated a recovery of soil quality at moderate military use and remediated sites relative to heavy military use sites. Measurements of soil carbon and nitrogen are ecological indicators that can be used by military land managers to identify changes in soil from training activities and to rank training areas on the basis of soil quality.
Garten Jr, Charles T [ORNL; Ashwood, Tom L [ORNL; Dale, Virginia H [ORNL
Explaining civil-military relations in Southeast Asia
Civil-military relations describe the interactions and balance of power between the civilians and the military in a nation state. Due to the organizational apparatus and capacity for forcible coercion that the military ...
Kwok, Jia-Chuan
Massachusetts Military Reservation | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Massachusetts Military Reservation Massachusetts Military Reservation Jump to: navigation, search Name Massachusetts Military Reservation Facility Massachusetts Military Reservation Sector Wind energy Facility Type Community Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Air Force Center for Engineering & the Environment Energy Purchaser Air Force Center for Engineering & the Environment Location Massachusetts Military Reservation MA Coordinates 41.690386°, -70.550108° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.690386,"lon":-70.550108,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Jet spoiler arrangement for wind turbine
An air jet spoiler arrangement is provided for a Darrieus-type vertical axis wind-powered turbine. Air is drawn into hollow turbine blades through air inlets at the end thereof and is ejected in the form of air jets through small holes or openings provided along the lengths of the blades. The air jets create flow separation at the surfaces of the turbine blades, thereby including stall conditions and reducing the output power. A feedback control unit senses the power output of the turbine and controls the amount of air drawn into the air inlets accordingly.
Cyrus, J.D.; Kadlec, E.G.; Klimas, P.C.
Special Audit Report on the Department of Energy's Arms and Military-type Equipment, IG-0385
Department of Energy memorandum DATE: February 1, 1996 REPLY TO ATTN TO: IG-1 SUBJECT: INFORMATION: "Special Audit Report on the Department of Energy's Arms and Military-Type Equipment" TO: The Secretary BACKGROUND: The Department of Energy is responsible for over 50 major facilities across the United States, many of which use and store nuclear and other sensitive materials. The Department maintains a large inventory of arms and military-type equipment to use in protecting its nuclear weapons, materials, facilities, and classified information against theft, sabotage, espionage, and terrorist activity. The Department's inventory of arms and military-type equipment included handguns, rifles, submachine guns, grenade
Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy...
Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals The DOE Office of Indian Energy Tribal...
War Upon the Map: The Politics of Military User Innovation
While military personnel are often involved in the design of information technology, the literature on military innovation generally assumes defense contractors are the primary producers. Furthermore, general organizational ...
Lindsay, Jon R.
Electric Vehicle Grid Integration for Sustainable Military Installations (Presentation)
This presentation discusses electric vehicle grid integration for sustainable military installations. Fort Carson Military Reservation in Colorado Springs is used as a case study.
Simpson, M.
New results on jet fragmentation at CDF
Presented are the latest results of jet fragmentation studies at the Tevatron using the CDF Run II detector. Studies include the distribution of transverse momenta (Kt) of particles jets, two-particle momentum correlations, and indirectly global event shapes in p{bar p} collisions. Results are discussed within the context of recent Next-to-Leading Log calculations as well as earlier experimental results from the Tevatron and e{sup +}e{sup -} colliders.
Jindariani, Sergo; /Florida U.
The ATLAS jet trigger
The ATLAS jet trigger system has a 3-level structure, and was designed based on the concept of Regions Of Interest, where only regions of the detector around interesting Level-1 objects are reconstructed at the higher levels. This philosophy has changed during 2011, and there now exists the possibility to unpacking the full calorimeter at Event Filter. In 2012, full calorimeter unpacking is also available at Level-2, in addition jet energies are now calibrated to jet energy scale, and cleaning cuts are applied to reduce rate spikes. This paper presents the performance of the jet trigger in 2011 and an overview of the new features available for 2012.
Tamsett, M; The ATLAS collaboration
Electric Utility Terrain Vehicle Demonstration in a Military Base Application
Utility terrain vehicles (UTVs), also called all terrain vehicles (ATVs), are used for a variety of purposes ranging from transporting people and materials to recreation. Examples of uses include transportation at military bases, for beach patrols, at ports, agricultural locations, industrial sites, and local/municipal applications such as at parks and schools. As of August 30, 2012 the Federal Highway Administration estimated that annual fuel usage of All-terrain vehicles to be approximately 173 ...
Avoid painting walls with a hammer: a methodology for leveraging COTS/GOTS games for military training
Today' military faces an increasingly arduous commitment to maintain readiness for a multitude of taskings including full-scale conflicts, reconstruction and stability operations and humanitarian efforts. On a unit level, commanders often face this challenge ... Keywords: COTS, GOTS, games, military training, selection methodology
Major Joseph M. Nolan
Jet Mass Spectra in Higgs + One Jet at NNLL
The invariant mass of a jet is a benchmark variable describing the structure of jets at the LHC. We calculate the jet mass spectrum for Higgs plus one jet at the LHC at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) order using a factorization formula. At this order, the cross section becomes sensitive to perturbation theory at the soft m_jet^2/p_T^jet scale. Our calculation is exclusive and uses the 1-jettiness global event shape to implement a veto on additional jets. The dominant dependence on the jet veto is removed by normalizing the spectrum, leaving residual dependence from non-global logarithms depending on the ratio of the jet mass and jet veto variables. For our exclusive jet cross section these non-global logarithms are parametrically smaller than in the inclusive case, allowing us to obtain a complete NNLL result. Results for the dependence of the jet mass spectrum on the kinematics, jet algorithm, and jet size R are given. Using individual partonic channels we illustrate the difference between the jet mass spectra for quark and gluon jets. We also study the effect of hadronization and underlying event on the jet mass in PYTHIA. To highlight the similarity of inclusive and exclusive jet mass spectra, a comparison to LHC data is presented.
Teppo T. Jouttenus; Iain W. Stewart; Frank J. Tackmann; Wouter J. Waalewijn
Military Academic Collaborations | National Nuclear Security Administration
Academic Collaborations | National Nuclear Security Administration Academic Collaborations | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Military Academic Collaborations Home > About Us > Our Programs > Defense Programs > Military Academic Collaborations Military Academic Collaborations The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of Defense
Jet production at HERA
Recent results from jet production in deep inelastic ep scattering to investigate parton dynamics at low x are reviewed. The results on jet production in deep inelastic scattering and photoproduction used to test perturbative QCD are discussed and the values of alphas(Mz) extracted from a QCD analysis of the data are presented
C. Glasman
Internal shocks model for microquasar jets
We present an internal shocks model to investigate particle acceleration and radiation production in microquasar jets. The jet is modelled with discrete ejecta at various time intervals. These ejecta (or 'shells') may have different properties including the bulk velocity. Faster shells can catch up and collide with the slower ones, thus giving rise to shocks. The particles are accelerated inside the shocked plasma. Each collision results in a new shell, which may take part in any subsequent collisions as well as radiate due to synchrotron radiation. Almost continuous energy dissipation along the jet can be obtained with a large number of shell collisions. We investigate the spectral energy distribution of such jets as well as the physical significance of various parameters (e.g. the time interval between ejections and the shell size).
Omar Jamil; Rob Fender; Christian Kaiser
Military - Tougher tanks | ornl.gov
Military - Tougher tanks Improving welds of heavy and light armored fighting vehicles is the target of a collaboration among Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the U.S. Army Tank...
Information friction : information technology and military performance
Militaries have long been eager to adopt the latest technology (IT) in a quest to improve knowledge of and control over the battlefield. At the same time, uncertainty and confusion have remained prominent in actual experience ...
Lindsay, Jon Randall
Hybrid power technology for remote military facilities
The Department of Defense (DoD) operates hundreds of test, evaluation, and training facilities across the US and abroad. Due to the nature of their missions, these facilities are often remote and isolated from the utility grid. The preferred choice for power at these facilities has historically been manned diesel generators. The DoD Photovoltaic Review Committee, estimates that on the order of 350 million gallons of diesel fuel is burned each year to generate the 2000 GWh of electricity required to operate these remote military facilities. Other federal agencies, including the National Park Service and the USDA Forest Service use diesel generators for remote power needs as well. The generation of power diesel generators is both expensive and detrimental to the environment. The augmentation of power from diesel generators with power processing and battery energy storage enhances the efficiency and utilization of the generator resulting in lower fuel consumption and lower generator run- time in proportion to the amount of renewables added. The hybrid technology can both reduce the cost of power and reduce environmental degradation at remote DoD facilities. This paper describes the expected performance and economics of photovoltaic/diesel hybrid systems. Capabilities and status of systems now being installed at DoD facilities are presented along with financing mechanisms available within DoD.
Chapman, R.N.
Jet Quenching at LHC
We review up-to-date results on high-pt particles and jets in heavy ion collisions by three major LHC experiments, ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS. Results of analyses of 2010 and 2011 Pb+Pb data at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV are discussed. We concentrate mainly on results by fully reconstructed jets and discuss similarities and important differences in measurements among experiments. We point to the importance of understanding the results in a view of difference between quark-initiated and gluon-initiated jets
Martin Spousta
Angular Scaling In Jets
We introduce a jet shape observable defined for an ensemble of jets in terms of two-particle angular correlations and a resolution parameter R. This quantity is infrared and collinear safe and can be interpreted as a scaling exponent for the angular distribution of mass inside the jet. For small R it is close to the value 2 as a consequence of the approximately scale invariant QCD dynamics. For large R it is sensitive to non-perturbative effects. We describe the use of this correlation function for tests of QCD, for studying underlying event and pile-up effects, and for tuning Monte Carlo event generators.
Jankowiak, Martin; Larkoski, Andrew J.; /SLAC
Jets with Variable R
We introduce a new class of jet algorithms designed to return conical jets with a variable Delta R radius. A specific example, in which Delta R scales as 1/pT, proves particularly useful in capturing the kinematic features of a wide variety of hard scattering processes. We implement this Delta R scaling in a sequential recombination algorithm and test it by reconstructing resonance masses and kinematic endpoints. These test cases show 10-20% improvements in signal efficiency compared to fixed Delta R algorithms. We also comment on cuts useful in reducing continuum jet backgrounds.
David Krohn; Jesse Thaler; Lian-Tao Wang
Tribal and Military Leaders Come Together to Talk Renewable Energy...
and Military Leaders Come Together to Talk Renewable Energy Tribal and Military Leaders Come Together to Talk Renewable Energy June 12, 2013 - 7:06pm Addthis The DOE Office of...
Pantex honors military at Armed Forces Day celebration | National...
Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > NNSA Blog > Pantex honors military at Armed Forces Day celebration Pantex honors military at Armed Forces...
Military Munitions Waste Working Group report
This report presents the findings of the Military Munitions Waste Working Group in its effort to achieve the goals directed under the Federal Advisory Committee to Develop On-Site Innovative Technologies (DOIT Committee) for environmental restoration and waste management. The Military Munitions Waste Working Group identified the following seven areas of concern associated with the ordnance (energetics) waste stream: unexploded ordnance; stockpiled; disposed -- at known locations, i.e., disposal pits; discharged -- impact areas, unknown disposal sites; contaminated media; chemical sureties/weapons; biological weapons; munitions production; depleted uranium; and rocket motor and fuel disposal (open burn/open detonation). Because of time constraints, the Military Munitions Waste Working Group has focused on unexploded ordnance and contaminated media with the understanding that remaining waste streams will be considered as time permits. Contents of this report are as follows: executive summary; introduction; Military Munitions Waste Working Group charter; description of priority waste stream problems; shortcomings of existing approaches, processes and technologies; innovative approaches, processes and technologies, work force planning, training, and education issues relative to technology development and cleanup; criteria used to identify and screen potential demonstration projects; list of potential candidate demonstration projects for the DOIT committee decision/recommendation and appendices.
Construction and applicability of military ontology for semantic data processing
Recently, ontology has been utilized as a crucial element in knowledge management and knowledge representation. In the military area, the importance of ontology is also increasing. If military ontology is provided, machines will be able to understand ... Keywords: ATCIS, MOBM, military ontology, semantic data processing, semantic web
Minyoung Ra; Donghee Yoo; Sungchun No
Retrofiting survivability of military vehicles
In Iraq the terrain was such that vehicles could be distributed horizontally, which reduced the effectiveness of mines. In the mountainous terrain of Pakistan and Afghanistan vehicles are forced to use the few, passable roads, which are dirt and easily seeded with plentiful, cheap, intelligent mines. It is desirable to reduce the losses to such mines, preferably by retrofit means that do not greatly increase weight or cost or reduce maneuverability. V-bottom vehicles - A known approach to reducing vulnerability is the Buffalo, a large vehicle developed by South Africa to address mine warfare. It has large tires, high axles, and a reinforced, v-shaped bottom that deflects the blast from explosions below. It is developed and tested in combat, but is expensive and has reduced off-road mobility. The domestic MRAP has similar cost and mobility issue. The addition of v-shaped blast deflectors to vehicles such as Humvees could act much as the deflector on a Buffalo, but a Humvee is closer to the ground, so the explosive's expansion would be reduced. The deflector would also reduce a Humvee's clearance for rough terrain, and a deflector of adequate thickness to address the blast by itself could further increase cost and reduce mobility. Reactive armor is developed and has proven effective against shaped and explosive charges from side or top attack. It detects their approach, detonates, and defeats them by interfering with jet formation. If the threat was a shaped charge from below, they would be a logical choice. But the bulk of the damage to Humvees appears to be from the blast from high explosive mines for which the colliding shock from reactive armor could increase that from the explosive. Porous materials such as sand can strongly attenuate the kinetic energy and pressure of a strong shock. Figure 1 shows the kinetic energy (KE), momentum (Mu), velocity (u), and mass (M) of a spherically expanding shock as functions of radius for a material with a porosity of 0.5. Over the range from 0.5 to 4.5 cm the shock KE is attenuated by a factor of {approx}70, while its momentum is changed little. The shock and particle velocity falls by a factor of 200 while the mass increases by a factor of 730. In the limit of very porous media u {approx} 1/M, so KE {approx} 1/M, which falls by a factor of {approx}600, while momentum Mu does not change at all. Figure 2 shows the KE, Mu, u, and M for a material with a porosity of 1.05, for which the KE changes little. In the limit of media of very low porosity, u {approx} 1/{radical}M, so KE is constant while Mu {approx} {radical}M, which increases by a factor of 15. Thus, if the goal is to reduce the peak pressure from strong explosions below, very porous materials, which strongly reduce pressure but do not increase momentum, are preferred to non-porous materials, which amplify momentum but do not decrease pressure. These predictions are in qualitative accord with the results of experiments at Los Alamos in which projectiles from high velocity, large caliber cannons were stopped by one to two sandbags. The studies were performed primarily to determine the effectiveness of sand in stopping fragments of various sizes, but could be extended to study sand's effectiveness in attenuating blast pressure. It would also be useful to test the above predictions on the effectiveness of media with higher porosity. Water barriers have been discussed but not deployed in previous retrofit survivability studies for overseas embassies. They would detect the flash from the mine detonation below, trigger a thin layer of explosive above a layer of water, and drive water droplets into the approaching blast wave. The blast loses energy in evaporating the droplets and loses momentum in slowing them. Under favorable conditions that could attenuate the pressure in the blast enough to prevent the penetration or disruption of the vehicle. However, such barriers would depend on prompt and reliable detonation detection and water droplet dispersal, which have not been tested. There is a large literature on the theoretical effec
Canavan, Gregory H [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Fresh Equatorial Jets
A vertically sheared eastward jet in the equatorial Pacific in late 1991 and early 1992 carried relatively fresh water from the western Pacific overriding the saltier surface layer of the central region. Salinity anomalies of about ?1.0 psu were ...
Dean Roemmich; Michele Morris; W. R. Young; J. R. Donguy
Acculturation and Transformation among Female Immigrant Military Spouses in an ESL Learning Program at a Community College
This study was designed to explore the acculturation experiences of military-related immigrant wives enrolled in an ESL program in a selected community college. More specifically, the purpose of the study was to understand the personal and structural forces that facilitated or hindered their acculturation process into their community of residence and whether their participation and retention in ESL classes contributed to their acculturation. Using a qualitative design with the basic interpretive paradigm, data collection consisted of face-to-face interviews with 14 immigrant military wives from 10 differing countries who were either enrolled or had been enrolled in a community college ESL program. The site chosen served a multicultural population of military spouses who enrolled in educational programs that offered English language development. The nearest ESL program, located at a community college near the military base, became an information-rich site for the study. The findings from the study highlighted the role of English language as an essential element to adjustment into the society of the United States for military immigrant wives, leading to acculturation and subsequently personal transformation. The data revealed both external and internal forces that influenced the acculturation process. External (structural) forces included community, workforce, the military, and an educational institution. The secondary forces included racial discrimination, cultural differences, and social networks within the community. Internal forces included love and care and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was manifested through their persistence, patience, and resilience.
Darnell, Patricia
An overview of the sustainability of solid waste management at military installations
Sustainable municipal solid waste management at military solutions necessitates a combined approach that includes waste reduction, alternative disposal techniques, and increased recycling. Military installations are unique because they often represent large employers in the region in which they are located, thereby making any practices they employ impact overall waste management strategies of the region. Solutions for waste sustainability will be dependent on operational directives and base location, availability of resources such as water and energy, and size of population. Presented in this paper are descriptions of available waste strategies that can be used to support sustainable waste management. Results presented indicate source reduction and recycling to be the most sustainable solutions. However, new waste-to-energy plants and composting have potential to improve on these well proven techniques and allow military installations to achieve sustainable waste management.
Borglin, S.; Shore, J.; Worden, H.; Jain, R.
Forest City Military Communities, Hawaii | Open Energy Information
Military Communities, Hawaii Military Communities, Hawaii Jump to: navigation, search Name Forest City Military Communities, Hawaii Place Honolulu, HI Website http://www.fcnavyhawaii.com/ References Solar Technical Assistance Provided to Forest City Military Communities in Hawaii[1] Information About Partnership with NREL Partnership with NREL Yes Partnership Type Test & Evaluation Partner Partnering Center within NREL Electricity Resources & Building Systems Integration LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! Forest City Military Communities, Hawaii is a company located in Honolulu, HI. References ↑ "Solar Technical Assistance Provided to Forest City Military Communities in Hawaii" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Forest_City_Military_Communities,_Hawaii&oldid=381670"
Flow cytometer jet monitor system
A direct jet monitor illuminates the jet of a flow cytometer in a monitor wavelength band which is substantially separate from the substance wavelength band. When a laser is used to cause fluorescence of the substance, it may be appropriate to use an infrared source to illuminate the jet and thus optically monitor the conditions within the jet through a CCD camera or the like. This optical monitoring may be provided to some type of controller or feedback system which automatically changes either the horizontal location of the jet, the point at which droplet separation occurs, or some other condition within the jet in order to maintain optimum conditions. The direct jet monitor may be operated simultaneously with the substance property sensing and analysis system so that continuous monitoring may be achieved without interfering with the substance data gathering and may be configured so as to allow the front of the analysis or free fall area to be unobstructed during processing.
Van den Engh, Ger (Seattle, WA)
US military expenditures to protect the use of Persian Gulf oil for motor vehicles
US military expenditures to protect the use of Persian Gulf oil for motor vehicles Mark A. Delucchi 2008 Keywords: Oil importing cost Motor fuel social cost Energy security cost a b s t r a c t Analyses of the full social cost of motor vehicle use in the US often estimate an ``oil import premium'' that includes
Murphy, James J.
An Augmented Reality System for Military . . .
Many future military operations are expected to occur in urban environments. These complex, 3D battlefields introduce many challenges to the dismounted warfighter. Better situational awareness is required for effective operation in urban environments. However, delivering this information to the dismounted warfighter is extremely difficult. For example, maps draw a user's attention away from the environment and cannot directly represent the threedimensional nature of the terrain.
Mark A. Livingston; Lawrence J. Rosenblum; Simon J. Julier; Dennis Brown; Yohan Baillot; J. Edward; Swan Ii; Joseph L. Gabbard; Deborah Hix
Political Stability and Military Intervention in Egypt
Policy choices in the wake of recent mass protests in Egypt will determine the likelihood of civil war in the short run and the prospects for democracy in the long run. Economic conditions can be improved by international action to reduce grain-based biofuel production and finance employment generation. Creating the conditions for stable democracy requires accepting power-sharing mechanisms in which the military will have an important role.
Friedman, Casey; Bar-Yam, Yaneer
Unproven screening devices threaten the lives of police and military.
In a world plagued with improvised explosive devices, drugs and dangerous people, the desire to field technology to protect our police and military is providing a fertile market for the proliferation of protection technologies that range from the unproven to the disproven. The market place is currently being flooded with detection equipment making inflated and inaccurate marketing claims of high reliably, high detection probabilities, and ease of operation - all while offering detection capabilities at safe distances. The manufacturers of these devices have found a willing global marketplace, which includes some of the most dangerous places in the world. Despite a wealth of contradictory performance and testing data available on the Internet, sales of these devices remain brisk and profitable. Rather than enhancing the security of police and military personnel, the reliance on these unproven and disproven devices is creating a sense of false security that is actually lowering the safety of front-line forces in places like Iraq and Afghanistan. This paper addresses the development and distribution history of some of these devices and describes the testing performed by Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, and other reputable testing agencies that illustrate the real danger in using this kind of unproven technology.
Murray, Dale W.
An economic evaluation of the construction and operation of 5 to 46 Mw(e) nuclear power plants at several military installations throughout the world is presented. After an evaluation of economic factors involved, 10 sites were chosen for which the cost of nuclear power is most nearly economically competitive with conventional power costs. The 10 sites include Okinawa, Guam, Thule, Asmara (Eritrea), Inchon, McMurdo Sound (Antarctica), a barge in the Atlantic Ocean, and three sites in the U. S. (NORAD, Super Sage, and Nike-Zeus). A comparison between the capital cost for the nuclear power plant and the conventional power plant is made for all sites. Operating, maintenance, labor, supply, and fuel-oil costs were calculated for an annual cost that could be applied over the assumed 20-year life of the plant. Descriptions and designs of each site are included. (C.J.G.)
Jet initiation of PBX 9502
This report details the progress of an effort to determine the quantitative aspects of the initiation of PBX 9502 (95% TATB, 5% Kel-F 800) by copper jets. The particular jet used was that produced by the LAW warhead (66-mm diameter, 42/sup 0/ angle cone, copper-lined, conical shaped charge). Fifteen experiments, in various configurations, have been fired to define the essential parameters for quantitatively measuring the jet performance and initiation of bare PBX 9502. 7 refs., 8 figs.
McAfee, J.M.
Jet-wall interaction effects on diesel combustion and soot formation.
The effects of wall interaction on combustion and soot formation processes of a diesel fuel jet were investigated in an optically-accessible constant-volume combustion vessel at experimental conditions typical of a diesel engine. At identical ambient and injector conditions, soot processes were studied in free jets, plane wall jets, and 'confined' wall jets (a box-shaped geometry simulating secondary interaction with adjacent walls and jets in an engine). The investigation showed that soot levels are significantly lower in a plane wall jet compared to a free jet. At some operating conditions, sooting free jets become soot-free as plane wall jets. Possible mechanisms to explain the reduced or delayed soot formation upon wall interaction include an increased fuel-air mixing rate and a wall-jet-cooling effect. However, in a confined-jet configuration, there is an opposite trend in soot formation. Jet confinement causes combustion gases to be redirected towards the incoming jet, causing the lift-off length to shorten and soot to increase. This effect can be avoided by ending fuel injection prior to the time of significant interaction with redirected combustion gases. For a fixed confined-wall geometry, an increase in ambient gas density delays jet interaction, allowing longer injection durations with no increase in soot. Jet interaction with redirected combustion products may also be avoided using reduced ambient oxygen concentration because of an increased ignition delay. Although simplified geometries were employed, the identification of important mechanisms affecting soot formation after the time of wall interaction is expected to be useful for understanding these processes in more complex and realistic diesel engine geometries.
Pickett, Lyle M.; Lopez, J. Javier (Polytechnic University of Valencia)
Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals |
Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals The DOE Office of Indian Energy Tribal Leader Forum on "Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals" was held May 30-31 in Phoenix, Arizona. Photo by Brooke Oleen Tieperman, NCSL. The DOE Office of Indian Energy Tribal Leader Forum on "Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals" was held May 30-31 in Phoenix, Arizona. Photo by Brooke Oleen Tieperman, NCSL. The DOE Office of Indian Energy Tribal Leader Forum on "Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals" was held May 30-31 in Phoenix, Arizona. Photo by Brooke Oleen Tieperman, NCSL.
Diagnosing Northern Hemisphere Jet Portrayal in 17 CMIP3 Global Climate Models: Twenty-First-Century Projections
The anthropogenic climate change impacts on the eddy–jet system include an intensified midlatitude jet stream and an elevated tropopause, as well as a poleward-shifted jet. While both responses are evident in phase 3 of the Coupled Model ...
Sharon C. Delcambre; David J. Lorenz; Daniel J. Vimont; Jonathan E. Martin
Photon + jets at D0
Photon plus jet production has been studied by the D0 experiment in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider at a centre of mass energy of sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV. Measurements of the inclusive photon, inclusive photon plus jet, photon plus heavy flavour jet cross sections and double parton interactions in photon plus three jet events are presented. They are based on integrated luminosities between 0.4 fb$^-1 and 1.0 fb^-1. The results are compared to perturbative QCD calculations in various approximations.
Lars Sonnenschein
Jet p_T Resummation in Higgs Production at NNLL'+NNLO
We present predictions for Higgs production via gluon fusion with a p_T veto on jets and with the resummation of jet-veto logarithms at NNLL'+$NNLO order. These results incorporate explicit O(alphas^2) calculations of soft and beam functions, which include the dominant dependence on the jet radius R. In particular the NNLL' order accounts for the correct boundary conditions for the N3LL resummation, for which the only unknown ingredients are higher-order anomalous dimensions. We use scale variations in a factorization theorem in both rapidity and virtuality space to estimate the perturbative uncertainties, accounting for both higher fixed-order corrections as well as higher-order towers of jet-p_T logarithms. This formalism also predicts the correlations in the theory uncertainty between the exclusive 0-jet and inclusive 1-jet bins. At the values of R used experimentally, there are important corrections due to jet algorithm clustering that include logarithms of R. Although we do not sum logarithms of R, we do include an explicit contribution in our uncertainty estimate to account for higher-order jet clustering logarithms. Precision predictions for this H+0-jet cross section and its theoretical uncertainty are an integral part of Higgs analyses that employ jet binning.
Iain W. Stewart; Frank J. Tackmann; Jonathan R. Walsh; Saba Zuberi
Studying Z/gamma*+Jet Production
The production of jets in association with a Z/{gamma}* boson is an example of an important class of processes at hadron colliders, namely vector boson + jet (V + jet) production. Comparisons of measurements of this class of processes with theory predictions constitute an important, fundamental test of the Standard Model of particle physics, and of the theory of QCD in particular. While having a smaller cross section than other V +jet processes, Z/{gamma}*({yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}) + jets production, with Z/{gamma}* {yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}/{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}, has a distinct experimental signature allowing for measurements characterized by low backgrounds and a direct, precise measurement of the properties of the decay products of the Z/{gamma}* boson. In this thesis, several new measurements of the properties of jets produced in association with a Z/{gamma}* boson in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV are presented. The cross section for Z/{gamma}*({yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}) + N jet production (N {le} 3) is measured, differential in the transverse momentum of the Nth jet in the event, normalized to the inclusive Z/{gamma}* cross section. Also, the cross section for Z/{gamma}*({yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}) + N jets (N {ge} 1) is measured, differential in the difference in azimuthal angle between the di-electron system and any jet in the event, normalized to unity. The data used in the measurements were collected by the D0 experiment located at the Tevatron Collider of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb{sup -1}. The measured jet transverse momentum spectra are compared with the predictions of perturbative calculations at the next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant. Given the low sensitivity of the calculations to model parameters, these comparisons represent a stringent test of perturbative QCD. One of the main goals currently being pursued in particle physics is the discovery of the only particle predicted by the Standard Model which has so far no been detected experimentally, namely the Higgs boson. It is assumed that the ATLAS and CMS experiments located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a proton-proton collider at {radical}s = 14 TeV, will be able to detect the Higgs boson, or rule out its existence, within the next few years. The collisions delivered by the LHC will also be used to perform a long range of searches for other new particles, for instance particles predicted by models based on the principle of supersymmetry. The associated production of vector bosons with jets has relatively large production rates at the LHC and can produce a long list of different final states which can include charged leptons, missing transverse energy, as well as light- and heavy-flavour jets. This makes V + jet production a major source of background events to many searches for new particles. Most techniques used for estimating the expected number of background events to searches rely on passing the stable final-state particles of simulated hadron collisions generated using a so-called event generator code, through a simulation of the experimental detector system. The development of event generators which are capable of reliably predicting the properties of jets produced in association with a core process, e.g. the production of a vector boson, has been the subject of a large amount of research activity during the last ten years. These efforts have led to the appearance of the CKKW and MLM algorithms which are implemented in several event generators, among them SHERPA and ALPGEN + PYTHIA. The large data sample collected by the D0 experiment during Run II offers an excellent opportunity for validating these new event generators against experimental measurements of V + jet production. As argued above, the Z/{gamma}*({yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}) + jets process offers the combination of a clean experimental signature and large production rates, making it the process of choice for these studies.
Nilsen, Henrik Wold; /Freiburg U.
Puritan Military Justice: American War Crimes and the Global War on Terrorism
Exploring Puritanical cultural habits in the 21st century American military, the following study focuses on U.S. Army courts-martial in the Global War on Terrorism. The study uses Emile Durkheim's original sociological interpretation of crime and deviance. That interpretation is linked with responsibility as described by Durkheim's follower Paul Fauconnet in Responsibility: A Study in Sociology ([1928] 1978) and with a new cultural reading of Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ([1905] 1976). The study is an inductive, descriptive examination of the Puritanical aspects of American military culture based on its treatment of acts labeled as deviant and criminal in the Global War on Terrorism. Four sets of war crimes are included in the study: Abu Ghraib (which occurred in Iraq in 2004), Operation Iron Triangle (which occurred in Iraq in 2006), the Baghdad canal killings (which occurred in Iraq in 2007), and the Maywand District killings (which occurred in Afghanistan in 2010). My data include primary data collected through participation and observation as a consultant for courts-martial related to all the cases except Abu Ghraib. Records of trial, investigation reports, charge sheets, sworn statements, and other documentation are also included in the study as secondary data sources. The study illuminates how unconscious, Puritan cultural habits color and shape both military actions and their perceptions. I explore Puritanism and its influence on military law, responsibility, revenge, "magic" (in its sociological sense), and narcissism. The study concludes with observations and recommendations for changes in U.S. military law.
Lorenzo, Ronald
Loyalty for Sale? Military Spending and Coups d'Etat
, and the best suited for our purposes. The data on military spending and on the size of the military comes from the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, which is widely regarded as one of the most complete sources of historical military spending data... . Nordlinger (1977) claims that this is exactly what happened in Venezuela, where generous military allowances funded by oil revenue allowed Romulo Betancourt to avoid a coup "despite the adoption of expensive agrarian reforms and development programs" (p.70...
Leon, Gabriel
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) as Military APU Replacements
Division Propulsion Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) as Military APU Replacements Cleared For Public For Public Release: 88ABW-2010-0196 2...
Net Zero Energy Military Installations: A Guide to Assessment...
Net Zero Energy Military Installations: A Guide to Assessment and Planning Samuel Booth, John Barnett, Kari Burman, Josh Hambrick and Robert Westby Technical Report NREL...
Distance learning in advanced military education: Analysis of joint operations course in the Taiwan military
High-ranking officers require advanced military education in war tactics for future combat. However, line officers rarely have time to take such courses on campus. The conventional solution to this problem used to take the inefficient correspondence ... Keywords: Applications in subject areas, Architectures for educational technology system, Distributed learning environments
Ming-Chih Tung; Jiung-yao Huang; Huan-Chao Keh; Shu-shen Wai
Variability of Southern Ocean Jets Near Topography
The interaction of jets with topography in the Southern Ocean is investigated using 19 years of altimetry data. In particular, the "jet jumping" mode of variability, by which two or more jets passing close to the same topographic feature show ...
Christopher C. Chapman; Rosemary Morrow
Emissions characteristics of Military Helicopter Engines Fueled with JP-8 and a Fischer-Tropsch Fuel
The rapid growth in aviation activities and more stringent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations have increased concerns regarding aircraft emissions, due to their harmful health and environmental impacts, especially in the vicinity of airports and military bases. In this study, the gaseous and particulate-matter emissions of two General Electric T701C engines and one T700 engine were evaluated. The T700 series engines power the U.S. Army's Black Hawk and Apache helicopters. The engines were fueled with standard military JP-8 fuel and were tested at three power settings. In addition, one of the T701C engines was operated on a natural-gas-derived Fischer-Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene jet fuel. Test results show that the T701C engine emits significantly lower particulate-matter emissions than the T700 for all conditions tested. Particulate-matter mass emission indices ranged from 0.2-1.4 g/kg fuel for the T700 and 0.2-0.6 g/kg fuel for the T701C. Slightly higher NOx and lower CO emissions were observed for the T701C compared with the T700. Operation of the T701C with the Fischer-Tropsch fuel rendered dramatic reductions in soot emissions relative to operation on JP-8, due primarily to the lack of aromatic compounds in the alternative fuel. The Fischer-Tropsch fuel also produced smaller particles and slight reductions in CO emissions.
Corporan, E. [Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; DeWitt, M. [Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Klingshirn, Christopher D [ORNL; Striebich, Richard [Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Cheng, Mengdawn [ORNL
We present 6 and 20 cm Jansky Very Large Array/Very Large Array observations of the northern head of the HH 80/81/80N jet, one of the largest collimated jet systems known so far, aimed to look for knots farther than HH 80N, the northern head of the jet. Aligned with the jet and 10' northeast of HH 80N, we found a radio source not reported before, with a negative spectral index similar to that of HH 80, HH 81, and HH 80N. The fit of a precessing jet model to the knots of the HH 80/81/80N jet, including the new source, shows that the position of this source is close to the jet path resulting from the modeling. If the new source belongs to the HH 80/81/80N jet, its derived size and dynamical age are 18.4 pc and >9 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 3} yr, respectively. If the jet is symmetric, its southern lobe would expand beyond the cloud edge resulting in an asymmetric appearance of the jet. Based on the updated dynamical age, we speculate on the possibility that the HH 80/81/80N jet triggered the star formation observed in a dense core found ahead of HH 80N, which shows signposts of interaction with the jet. These results indicate that parsec-scale radio jets can play a role in the stability of dense clumps and the regulation of star formation in the molecular cloud.
Masque, Josep M.; Estalella, Robert [Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalunya (Spain); Girart, Josep M. [Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciencies, Torre C5-parell 2, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya (Spain); Rodriguez, Luis F. [Centro de Radioastronomia y Astrofisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 3-72, 58090 Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico); Beltran, Maria T. [INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze (Italy)
Shroud for a submerged jet cutting nozzle
A shroud for a submerged jet cutting nozzle is described which separates the jet from surrounding fluid environment and enhances the cutting effect.
Schwab, Thomas L. (1369 Windsor Way, Livermore, CA 94550)
Interferometric Visualization of Jet Flames
This paper presents visualizations of reacting, round jets of the premixed and nonpremixed type realized by using interferometry and, complementarily, direct photography. The available interferometer, proposed by Carlomagno (1986), employs low-cost components ... Keywords: coherent structures, combustion, destabilization, interferometry, jet flames
A. Stella; G. Guj; A. Mataloni
Desalination of seawater using a high-efficiency jet ejector
The ability to produce potable water economically is the primary focus of seawater desalination research. There are numerous methods to desalinate water, including reverse osmosis, multi-stage flash distillation, and multi-effect evaporation. These methods cost more than potable water produced from natural resources; hence an attempt is made in this research project to produce potable water using a modified high-efficiency jet ejector in vapor-compression distillation. The greater efficiency of the jet ejector is achieved by properly mixing propelled and motive streams. From experiments conducted using air, the pressure rise across the jet ejector is better in case of one or two mixing vanes and the highest back pressure (pinch valve closed 83.33%). At other pinch valve closings, the air velocity through the jet ejector was high, so the extra surface area from the mixing vanes caused excessive friction and lowered the efficiency.
Vishwanathappa, Manohar D.
Computer modeling of jet mixing in INEL waste tanks
The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility of using submerged jet mixing pumps to mobilize and suspend settled sludge materials in INEL High Level Radioactive Waste Tanks. Scenarios include removing the heel (a shallow liquid and sludge layer remaining after tank emptying processes) and mobilizing and suspending solids in full or partially full tanks. The approach used was to (1) briefly review jet mixing theory, (2) review erosion literature in order to identify and estimate important sludge characterization parameters (3) perform computer modeling of submerged liquid mixing jets in INEL tank geometries, (4) develop analytical models from which pump operating conditions and mixing times can be estimated, and (5) analyze model results to determine overall feasibility of using jet mixing pumps and make design recommendations.
Meyer, P.A.
Jet quenching and heavy quarks
Jet quenching and more generally physics at high transverse momentum P_T scales is a cornerstone of the heavy-ion physics program at the LHC. In this work, the current understanding of jet quenching in terms of a QCD shower evolution being modified by the surrounding medium is reviewed along with the evidence for this picture from light parton high P_T observables. Conceptually, the same QCD shower description should also be relevant for heavy quarks, but with several important modifications introduced by the quark masses. Thus especially in the limit of small jet energy over quark mass E_jet/m_q, the relevant physics may be rather different from light quark jets, and several attempts to explain the observed phenomenology of heavy quarks at high P_T are discussed here.
Thorsten Renk
Problem structuring methods in military command and control
In an authorized military hierarchy organization, the procedure of problem solving must be co-ordinated with the tasks of planning, directing, and controlling. In most combat situations, problem solving knowledge is acquired from an expert (commander) ... Keywords: Knowledge management, Knowledge-based system architecture, Military command and control, Problem structuring methods, Soft operational research
Shu-Hsien Liao
Asymmetry of will : the effect of religious radicalism on state military doctrine
How is a state's military doctrine affected by the presence of radical religious ideology in its military? Using analysis of satellite imagery, recent military exercises, and a series of source interviews, I examine the ...
Lewis, Patrick (Patrick Joseph)
Defense Office of Hearings & Appeals Decisions- Military Personnel Claim
Military Personnel Claim Military Personnel Claim Decisions - 2010 Law Data/Tools Law You are here Data.gov » Communities » Law » Data Defense Office of Hearings & Appeals Decisions- Military Personnel Claim Decisions - 2010 Dataset Summary Description decisions involve claims related to uniformed service members' pay, allowances, travel, transportation, retired pay, and survivor benefits Tags {"military personnel","government claims",pay,"military benefits","uniformed services",overpayment} Dataset Ratings Overall 0 No votes yet Data Utility 0 No votes yet Usefulness 0 No votes yet Ease of Access 0 No votes yet Dataset Additional Information Last Updated V33 Publisher Department of Defense Contact Name Contact Email email@example.com Unique Identifier DOD-4475
Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals
LEVERAGING TRIBAL RENEWABLE RESOURCES TO LEVERAGING TRIBAL RENEWABLE RESOURCES TO SUPPORT MILITARY ENERGY GOALS May 30-31, 2013 WILD HORSE PASS HOTEL AND CASINO 5040 Wild Horse Pass Blvd. Chandler, Arizona The seventh in a series of planned U.S. DOE Office of Indian Energy-sponsored strategic energy development forums, this Tribal Leader Forum is designed to provide information for western U.S. tribal leaders and military leaders on the renewable energy resource development potential on tribal lands, and the opportunities for partnerships between tribes and military installations to promote energy development on tribal lands to achieve military energy security goals. Tribal leaders will also have the opportunity to directly converse with each other and key military leadership by participating in a roundtable discussion to
Solar energy integrated at Hawaiian military housing | Department of Energy
energy integrated at Hawaiian military housing energy integrated at Hawaiian military housing Solar energy integrated at Hawaiian military housing December 9, 2009 - 11:27am Addthis What does this project do? Ohana Military Communities have applied for an additional award with the intention of installing photovoltaics on 2,317 military housing units on Oahu, as well as constructing a 3.6-megawatt solar photovoltaic farm to support 2,206 homes on the Big Island. If you ask most travelers, they would say Hawaii really is a very sunny chain of islands. Many Americans have enjoyed a relaxing day on the state's warm beaches or have been awe-inspired by its fascinating volcanoes. But that wealth of sunshine powers more than just the tourism economy - it's creating green jobs and clean, renewable solar energy.
Pantex honors military at Armed Forces Day celebration | National Nuclear
military at Armed Forces Day celebration | National Nuclear military at Armed Forces Day celebration | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > NNSA Blog > Pantex honors military at Armed Forces Day celebration Pantex honors military at Armed Forces Day celebration Posted By Office of Public Affairs Erhart Will Pantex honored employees for their military service May 16 with a flag
Water cooled steam jet
A water cooled steam jet for transferring fluid and preventing vapor lock, or vaporization of the fluid being transferred, has a venturi nozzle and a cooling jacket. The venturi nozzle produces a high velocity flow which creates a vacuum to draw fluid from a source of fluid. The venturi nozzle has a converging section connected to a source of steam, a diffuser section attached to an outlet and a throat portion disposed therebetween. The cooling jacket surrounds the venturi nozzle and a suction tube through which the fluid is being drawn into the venturi nozzle. Coolant flows through the cooling jacket. The cooling jacket dissipates heat generated by the venturi nozzle to prevent vapor lock.
Wagner, Jr., Edward P. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Jet fuel from LPG
Explains how jet fuel can be manufactured from propane and/or butane with attractive rates of return. This scheme is advantageous where large reserves of LPG-bearing gas is available or LPG is in excess. The following sequence of processes in involved: dehydrogenation of propane (and/or butane) to propylene (and/or butylene); polymerization of this monomer to a substantial yield of the desired polymer by recycling undesired polymer; and hydrotreating the polymer to saturate double bonds. An attribute of this process scheme is that each of the individual processes has been practiced commercially. The process should have appeal in those parts of the world which have large reserves of LPG-bearing natural gas but little or no crude oil, or where large excesses of LPG are available. Concludes that economic analysis shows attractive rates of return in a range of reasonable propane costs and product selling prices.
Maples, R.E.; Jones, J.R.
The military lens : doctrinal differences, misperception, and deterrence failure in Sino-American relations
Nations, because of their different strategic situations, histories, and military cultures can have dramatically different beliefs about the nature of effective military doctrine, strategy, and capabilities. This dissertation ...
Twomey, Christopher P
Outlook of the Officers: Military Thought in Chile, 1960-1990
national ideology. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 'Whether you like it orOF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Outlook of the Officers: MilitaryOF THE DISSERTATION Outlook of the Officers: Military
Bawden, John Richard
Production of jet fuel from coal-derived liquids
Amoco and Lummus Crest, under a contract with the United States Department of Energy, are evaluating the process options and economics for upgrading the naphtha, crude phenols, and tar oil by-products from the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant to jet fuels and other salable products. Task 1 of the work, in which processes to produce each of the three jet fuels, JP-4, JP-8, and JP-8X, were designed, has been completed. The formal Task 1 report should issue next quarter. Task 2 work was initiated this quarter. In Task 2, process conditions for producing jet fuel from the Great Plains tar oil stream will be verified and samples of each of the three jet fuels will be produced. Experimental work shows that the hydrotreating conditions specified in Task 1 will not convert sufficient aromatics in the tar oil to produce jet fuel. Alternative schemes have been proposed and are being tested in the laboratories at Amoco Research Center. The simplest of these schemes, in which the heavy ends from the hydrotreater are recycled to extinction, was tested and proved infeasible. A second stage, fixed bed hydrotreater will be added to the process along with the expanded bed, first-stage hydrotreater and the hydrocracker specified in the Task 1 design. Future work will include additional experiments to specify the best process configuration and production of samples of each of the three grades of jet fuel. 6 figs., 7 tabs.
Furlong, M.W.; Fox, J.D.; Masin, J.G.; Soderberg, D.J.
Testing Gamma-Ray Burst Jet Structure with the Distribution of Gamma-Ray Energy Release
We present a general method for testing gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet structure and carry out a comprehensive analysis about the prevalent jet structure models. According to the jet angular energy distribution, we can not only derive the expected distribution of the GRB isotropic-equivalent energy release for any possible jet structure, but also obtain a two-dimensional distribution including redshift z. By using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test we compare the predicted distribution with the observed sample, and find that the power-law structured jet model is most consistent with the current sample and that the uniform jet model is also plausible. However, this conclusion is tentative because of the small size and the inhomogeneity of this sample. Future observations (e.g., Swift) will provide a larger and less biased sample for us to make a robust conclusion by using the procedure proposed in this paper.
L. Xu; X. F. Wu; Z. G. Dai
We present an analysis of X-ray bright points (BPs) and X-ray jets observed by Hinode/X-Ray Telescope on 2007 November 2-4, within the solar northern polar coronal hole. After selecting small subregions that include several BPs, we followed their brightness evolution over a time interval of a few hours, when several jets were observed. We find that most of the jets occurred in close temporal association with brightness maxima in multiple BPs: more precisely, most jets are closely correlated with the brightening of at least two BPs. We suggest that the jets result from magnetic connectivity changes that also induce the BP variability. We surmise that the jets and implied magnetic connectivity we describe are small-scale versions of the active-region-scale phenomenon, whereby flares and eruptions are triggered by interacting bipoles.
Pucci, Stefano; Romoli, Marco [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Firenze, Firenze (Italy); Poletto, Giannina [INAF-Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Firenze (Italy); Sterling, Alphonse C., E-mail: email@example.com [Space Science Office, VP 62, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812 (United States)
We observe that intergranular jets, originating in the intergranular space surrounding individual granules, tend to be associated with granular fragmentation, in particular, with the formation and evolution of a bright granular lane (BGL) within individual granules. The BGLs have recently been identified as vortex tubes by Steiner et al. We further discover the development of a well-defined bright grain located between the BGL and the dark intergranular lane to which it is connected. Signatures of a BGL may reach the lower chromosphere and can be detected in off-band H{alpha} images. Simulations also indicate that vortex tubes are frequently associated with small-scale magnetic fields. We speculate that the intergranular jets detected in the New Solar Telescope (NST) data may result from the interaction between the turbulent small-scale fields associated with the vortex tube and the larger-scale fields existing in the intergranular lanes. The intergranular jets are much smaller and weaker than all previously known jet-like events. At the same time, they appear much more numerous than the larger events, leading us to the speculation that the total energy release and mass transport by these tiny events may not be negligible in the energy and mass-flux balance near the temperature minimum atop the photosphere. The study is based on the photospheric TiO broadband (1.0 nm) filter data acquired with the 1.6 m NST operating at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. The data set also includes NST off-band H{alpha} images collected through a Zeiss Lyot filter with a passband of 0.025 nm.
Yurchyshyn, V. B.; Goode, P. R.; Abramenko, V. I. [Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Big Bear City, CA 92314 (United States); Steiner, O. [Kiepenheuer-Institut fuer Sonnenphysik, Schoeneckstrasse 6, D-79104 Freiburg (Germany)
Sensitivity of Perturbation Variance and Fluxes in Turbulent Jets to Changes in the Mean Jet
Synoptic-scale eddy variance and fluxes of heat and momentum in midlatitude jets are sensitive to small changes in mean jet velocity, dissipation, and static stability. In this work the change in the jet producing the greatest increase in ...
Plasma jet ignition device
An ignition device of the plasma jet type is disclosed. The device has a cylindrical cavity formed in insulating material with an electrode at one end. The other end of the cylindrical cavity is closed by a metal plate with a small orifice in the center which plate serves as a second electrode. An arc jumping between the first electrode and the orifice plate causes the formation of a highly-ionized plasma in the cavity which is ejected through the orifice into the engine cylinder area to ignite the main fuel mixture. Two improvements are disclosed to enhance the operation of the device and the length of the plasma plume. One improvement is a metal hydride ring which is inserted in the cavity next to the first electrode. During operation, the high temperature in the cavity and the highly excited nature of the plasma breaks down the metal hydride, liberating hydrogen which acts as an additional fuel to help plasma formation. A second improvement consists of a cavity insert containing a plurality of spaced, metal rings. The rings act as secondary spark gap electrodes reducing the voltage needed to maintain the initial arc in the cavity.
McIlwain, Michael E. (Franklin, MA); Grant, Jonathan F. (Wayland, MA); Golenko, Zsolt (North Reading, MA); Wittstein, Alan D. (Fairfield, CT)
A versatile simulation tool for the design and verification of military vehicle power systems
The design of the electric platform in military vehicles requires the ability to determine the best combination of power system components that support the desired operational abilities, while minimizing the size, weight, cost, and impact of the overall power system. Because prototypes are both time consuming, rigid, and costly, they have become inadequate for verifying system performance. By using simulations, engineers can best plan for and observe the associations between missions (including modes of operation and system scenarios) and system performance in a dynamic, realistic environment. This thesis proposes a new tool to analyze and design military vehicle platforms: the Advanced Mobile Integrated Power System (AMPS). This tool is useful for design and design verification of military vehicles due to its unique incorporation of mission-specific functionality. It allows the user ease of design with the ability to customize the vehicle power system architecture and components, while permitting full control over source and load input parameters. Simulation of programmed mission sequences allows the user to ensure that the chosen vehicle architecture can provide all of the electrical power and energy needed to support the mission, thus providing adequate design verification. The present thesis includes an introduction to vehicle power systems and an outline of the need for simulation, a description of the AMPS project and vehicle specifications, analytical and numerical models of the simulated vehicle, explanation of the power management system, description of the graphical user interface, and a simulation performed with the AMPS tool.
Lipscomb, Melissa Anne
Military power requirements and backup power considerations
All US Air Force (USAF) facilities have certain critical power requirements that must be met in order to carry out their mission successfully. Internal USAF studies have shown that the mission can degrade precipitously as the available power decreases below the mission critical level. Now, more than ever before, the military and private industry are finding that certain functions, such as automated data processing and automated process control, respond catastrophically to power reductions. Furthermore, increased reliance on electrical power means, in the case of the Air Force, that critical power requirements are anticipated to increase by half over the next 15 yr. For these reasons and others, the USAF is investigating several means of improving the availability of electric power under adverse conditions above that which can be provided by an off-base supplier. Among the approaches to this problem being pursued at this time are a program to improve all sorts of generator sets on a service-wide basis and the Multimegawatt Terrestrial Power (MTP) Program, which is pursuing the design and testing of a small dedicated nuclear power source to provide critical mission power. The purpose of this paper is to provide some insight into some of the issues associated with USAF power programs.
Botts, T.E.
Military students access top R&D
Military students access top R&D Military students access top R&D Military students access top R&D Cadets and midshipmen spend summer expanding their scientific knowledge at world-class Los Alamos facilities August 27, 2013 Military students access top R&D Micah Dose, a midshipman at the U.S. Naval Academy and a SARA intern in the Laboratory's ARIES program, peers inside the glovebox where plutonium pits are dis-assembled at Los Alamos. ARIES is the only program in the nation that disassembles and destroys surplus plutonium pits. The pits are transformed into plutonium oxide powder suitable for being made into fuel for civilian nuclear reactors. "There are a lot of summer training programs out there, but most are class-like," said U.S. Air Force cadet Dale Becker, mentored by the Physics
Military Academy Cadet/Midshipman Program | National Nuclear Security
Academy Cadet/Midshipman Program | National Nuclear Security Academy Cadet/Midshipman Program | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Military Academy Cadet/Midshipman Program Home > About Us > Our Programs > Defense Programs > Military Academic Collaborations > Military Academy Cadet/Midshipman Program Military Academy Cadet/Midshipman Program
Shooting up : the impact of illicit economics on military conflict
The study explores the nexus between illicit economies and military conflicts. It investigates when and how access by belligerents to the production and trafficking of illicit substances affects the strength of belligerents ...
Felbab-Brown, Vanda
Military housing privatization & the promise of design innovation
The objective of this paper is to answer the question, "Has the military housing privatization process produced design innovation?" Secondary questions are, "What specific role has the Army's Residential Communities ...
Ellis, Jason (Jason Robert)
First War Syndrome : military culture, professionalization, and counterinsurgency doctrine
Counterinsurgency was a persistent and important challenge to military organizations in the second half of the 20th century and seems likely to continue to pose a challenge in the 21st century. This makes understanding how ...
Long, Austin G
An overview of industry-military cooperation in the development...
navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal Article: An overview of industry-military cooperation in the development of power operations at the Coso...
Colorado Total Distillate Adj Sales/Deliveries to Military ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Colorado Total Distillate Adj Sales/Deliveries to Military Consumers (Thousand Gallons) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9 ...
Establishing a virtual manufacturing environment for military robots
Recent advances in the robotics industry have given the military an opportunity to capitalize on industry's innovation. Not only has core robotics technology improved but robotics manufacturing technology has also made ...
Andersen, Ryan J. (Ryan John)
Jet Performance and Jet Energy Scale Determination at CMS
We describe the jet response of the CMS calorimeter which will be used to study pp collisions at Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland at {radical}(s) = 14 TeV. The electromagnetic section of calorimeter consists of lead tungstate crystals which gives an excellent resolution for electrons. The hadron section is brass-scintillator sampling calorimeter read by wavelength shifting fibers in the central region (vertical bar {eta} vertical bar < 3.0) and steel/quartz-fibers in the forward (3.0 < vertical bar {eta} vertical bar < 5.0) region. Extensive test beam calibration data has been collected. A GEANT-based calorimeter simulation has been tuned to reproduce the test beam measurements. The calorimeter response to jets has been determined using this tuned simulation. We describe the calorimeter response to jets, the jet energy resolution, and the procedure we plan to use to establish the jet energy scale from a combination of test beam and pp data when we start taking data in September 2007.
Bhatti, Anwar A. [Experimental Physics Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York NY 10021 (United States)
Radiant Energy Power Source for Jet Aircraft
This report beings with a historical overview on the origin and early beginnings of Radiant Energy Power Source for Jet Aircraft. The report reviews the work done in Phase I (Grant DE-FG01-82CE-15144) and then gives a discussion of Phase II (Grant DE-FG01-86CE-15301). Included is a reasonably detailed discussion of photovoltaic cells and the research and development needed in this area. The report closes with a historical perspective and summary related to situations historically encountered on projects of this nature. 15 refs.
Doellner, O.L.
Infrared safe definition of jet flavor.
(energy) and collinear (angular) divergence. For flavour algorithms one should remember that the matrix elements for g ? qqŻ or q ? qg (with a soft quark) have no soft divergence, but just the collinear divergence, [dkj]|M2g?qiqŻj(kj)| ? ?sTR 2? dEj Ei d?2... energy larger than 1TeV and the two hardest jets to have |?| < 1. Three representative channels, qq ? qq (including qqŻ ? qqŻ), qqŻ ? gg and qg ? qg are shown in fig. 6, as obtained with Herwig [15]. The standard parton showering in Pythia [23] gives...
Banfi, Andrea; Salam, Gavin P; Zanderighi, Giulia
Searches in photon and jet states
The authors present recent results from the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) and D0 experiments using data from proton-antiproton collisions with {radical}s = 1.96 TeV at Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. New physics may appear in events with high transverse momentum objects, including photons and quark or gluon jets. The results described here are of signature-based searches and model-based searches probing supersymmetry, leptoquarks, 4th generation quarks, and large extra dimensions.
Soha, A.; /UC, Davis
The Invisible Side of Military Careers : An Examination of Employment and Well-Being Among Military Spouses.
??The link between employment and well-being is well-documented. However, limited research is available examining how employment affects the well-being of military spouses. Using data from… (more)
Easterling, Beth Allen
On the application of IAEA safeguards to plutonium and highly enriched uranium from military inventories
Progress toward the reduction of nuclear arsenals may render surplus hundreds of tonnes of plutonium and highly enriched uranium by the end of the century. None of the acknowledged nuclear weapon states (NWS) is under a specific obligation to submit surplus military inventories to international control. However, inviting the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to apply safeguards to the plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU) released from military use could contribute to building confidence as part of the reductions currently envisaged and could encourage further steps within the states currently planning reductions or by other NWS. If invited, specific arrangements for the application of IAEA safeguards to plutonium and highly enriched uranium from military inventories would be determined by: the institutional provisions adopted; the specified verification requirements; the amounts and forms of plutonium and HEU and the types of facilities to be safeguarded; facility-specific features for the control and accounting of the plutonium and HEU; and the number of facilities where safeguards will be applied. These considerations would be used to establish the most appropriate verificiation arrangements, including the technology to be employed and inspection scheduling arrangements, to provide effective and efficient safeguards. If an invitation is made, the IAEA Board of Governors must approve of the obligations and commitments of the states involved and of the financial arrangements that will ensure the safeguards can be implemented as agreed. 2 tabs.
Shea, T.E. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse, Vienna (Austria))
Implementation And Performance of the ATLAS Second Level Jet Trigger
ATLAS is one of the four major LHC experiments, designed to cover a wide range of physics topics. In order to cope with a rate of 40MHz and 25 interactions per bunch crossing, the ATLAS trigger system is divided in three different levels. The jet selection starts at first level with dedicated processors that search for high E{sub T} hadronic energy depositions. At the LVL2, the jet signatures are verified with the execution of a dedicated, fast jet reconstruction algorithm, followed by a calibration algorithm. Three possible granularities have been proposed and are being evaluated: cell based (standard), energy sums calculated at each Front-End Board and the use of the LVL1 Trigger Towers. In this presentation, the design and implementation of the jet trigger of ATLAS will be discussed in detail, emphasazing the major difficulties of each selection step. The performance of the jet algorithm, including timing, efficiencies and rates will also be shown, with detailed comparisons of the different unpacking modes.
Conde Muino, Patricia; /Lisbon, LIFEP; Aracena, I.; /SLAC; Brelier, B.; /Montreal U.; Cranmer, K.; /Brookhaven; Delsart, P.A.; /Montreal U.; Dufour, M.A.; /McGill U.; Eckweiler, S.; /Mainz U., Inst. Phys.; Ferland, J.; /Montreal U.; Idarraga, J.; /Montreal U.; Johns, K.; /Arizona U.; LeCompte, T.; /Argonne; Potter, C.; Robertson, S.; Santamarina Rios, C.; /McGill U.; Segura, E.; /Barcelona, IFAE; Silverstein, D.; /SLAC; Vachon, B.; /McGill U.
Calculations of slurry pump jet impingement loads
This paper presents a methodology to calculate the impingement load in the region of a submerged turbulent jet where a potential core exits and the jet is not fully developed. The profile of the jet flow velocities is represented by a piece-wise linear function which satisfies the conservation of momentum flux of the jet flow. The adequacy of the of the predicted jet expansion is further verified by considering the continuity of the jet flow from the region of potential core to the fully developed region. The jet impingement load can be calculated either as a direct impingement force or a drag force using the jet velocity field determined by the methodology presented.
Wu, T.T.
Eddy Formation in 2˝-Layer, Quasigeostrophic Jets
The formation of nonlinear eddies in unstable 2˝-layer, quasigeostrophic jets is investigated using a piecewise constant potential vorticity, "contour dynamical" model. Both infinite and semi-infinite jet dynamics are explored, considering a ...
Ilson C. A. da Silveira; Glenn R. Flierl
African Easterly Jet: Structure and Maintenance
This article investigates the African easterly jet (AEJ), its structure, and the forcings contributing to its maintenance, critically revisiting previous work that attributed the maintenance of the jet to soil moisture gradients over tropical ...
Man-Li C. Wu; Oreste Reale; Siegfried D. Schubert; Max J. Suarez; Randy D. Koster; Philip J. Pegion
Dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere Spiral Jet
The formation of the Southern Hemisphere spiral jet is investigated using observations over a 40-yr period. It is found that between late March and early April, the upper-tropospheric westerly jet in the Southern Hemisphere undergoes a transition ...
Lindsey N. Williams; Sukyoung Lee; Seok-Woo Son
BioJet Corporation | Open Energy Information
93940 Sector Carbon Product Monterey-based carbon credit developer and producer of bio-jet fuel derived from jatropha. References BioJet Corporation1 LinkedIn Connections...
Integrated coke, asphalt and jet fuel production process and apparatus
A process and apparatus for the production of coke, asphalt and jet fuel m a feed of fossil fuels containing volatile carbon compounds therein is disclosed. The process includes the steps of pyrolyzing the feed in an entrained bed pyrolyzing means, separating the volatile pyrolysis products from the solid pyrolysis products removing at least one coke from the solid pyrolysis products, fractionating the volatile pyrolysis products to produce an overhead stream and a bottom stream which is useful as asphalt for road pavement, condensing the overhead stream to produce a condensed liquid fraction and a noncondensable, gaseous fraction, and removing water from the condensed liquid fraction to produce a jet fuel-containing product. The disclosed apparatus is useful for practicing the foregoing process. the process provides a useful method of mass producing and jet fuels from materials such as coal, oil shale and tar sands.
Shang, Jer Y. (McLean, VA)
Advanced thermally stable jet fuels
The Pennsylvania State University program in advanced thermally stable coal-based jet fuels has five broad objectives: (1) Development of mechanisms of degradation and solids formation; (2) Quantitative measurement of growth of sub-micrometer and micrometer-sized particles suspended in fuels during thermal stressing; (3) Characterization of carbonaceous deposits by various instrumental and microscopic methods; (4) Elucidation of the role of additives in retarding the formation of carbonaceous solids; (5) Assessment of the potential of production of high yields of cycloalkanes by direct liquefaction of coal. Future high-Mach aircraft will place severe thermal demands on jet fuels, requiring the development of novel, hybrid fuel mixtures capable of withstanding temperatures in the range of 400--500 C. In the new aircraft, jet fuel will serve as both an energy source and a heat sink for cooling the airframe, engine, and system components. The ultimate development of such advanced fuels requires a thorough understanding of the thermal decomposition behavior of jet fuels under supercritical conditions. Considering that jet fuels consist of hundreds of compounds, this task must begin with a study of the thermal degradation behavior of select model compounds under supercritical conditions. The research performed by The Pennsylvania State University was focused on five major tasks that reflect the objectives stated above: Task 1: Investigation of the Quantitative Degradation of Fuels; Task 2: Investigation of Incipient Deposition; Task 3: Characterization of Solid Gums, Sediments, and Carbonaceous Deposits; Task 4: Coal-Based Fuel Stabilization Studies; and Task 5: Exploratory Studies on the Direct Conversion of Coal to High Quality Jet Fuels. The major findings of each of these tasks are presented in this executive summary. A description of the sub-tasks performed under each of these tasks and the findings of those studies are provided in the remainder of this volume (Sections 1 through 5).
Schobert, H.H.
Inclusive jet production at Tevatron
The CDF and D0 Collaborations have measured the inclusive jet cross section using 1992--93 collider data at {radical}s = 1,800 GeV. The D0 measurement is higher than NLO QCD predictions, though within systematic uncertainties. The CDF measurement is in very good agreement with NLO QCD predictions for transverse energies (E{sub T}) below 200 GeV. However it is systemically higher than NLO QCD predictions for E{sub T} above 200 GeV. The CDF measurement of two-jet mass and total transverse energy spectra also show a similar excess above QCD predictions at higher E{sub T}.
Bhatti, A.A.; CDF Collaboration; D0 Collaboration
Jet physics at HERA, Tevatron and LHC
In this short report, we discuss the Jet Physics results and perspectives at HERA, Tevatron and LHC.
C. Royon
Inclusive jet production at the Tevatron
Preliminary results on inclusive jet production in proton-antiproton collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV based on 1 fb{sup -1} of CDF Run II data are presented. Measurements are preformed using different jet algorithms in a wide range of jet transverse momentum and jet rapidity. The measured cross sections are compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations
Norniella, Olga; /Barcelona, IFAE
Heavy nuclei such as nickel-56 are synthesized in a wide range of core-collapse supernovae (CCSN), including energetic supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Recent studies suggest that jet-like outflows are a common feature of CCSN. These outflows may entrain synthesized nuclei at launch or during propagation, and provide interesting multi-messenger signals including heavy ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Here, we investigate the destruction processes of nuclei during crossing from the stellar material into the jet material via a cocoon, and during propagation after being successfully loaded into the jet. We find that nuclei can survive for a range of jet parameters because collisional cooling is faster than spallation. While canonical high-luminosity GRB jets may contain nuclei, magnetic-dominated models or low-luminosity jets with small bulk Lorentz factors are more favorable for having a significant heavy nuclei component.
Horiuchi, Shunsaku; Murase, Kohta [Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 (United States); Ioka, Kunihito [KEK Theory Center and Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Tsukuba 305-0801 (Japan); Meszaros, Peter [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Center for Particle Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States)
PowerJet Wind Turbine Project
PROJECT OBJECTIVE The PowerJet wind turbine overcomes problems characteristic of the small wind turbines that are on the market today by providing reliable output at a wide range of wind speeds, durability, silent operation at all wind speeds, and bird-safe operation. Prime Energy�s objective for this project was to design and integrate a generator with an electrical controller and mechanical controls to maximize the generation of electricity by its wind turbine. The scope of this project was to design, construct and test a mechanical back plate to control rotational speed in high winds, and an electronic controller to maximize power output and to assist the base plate in controlling rotational speed in high winds. The test model will continue to operate beyond the time frame of the project, with the ultimate goal of manufacturing and marketing the PowerJet worldwide. Increased Understanding of Electronic & Mechanical Controls Integrated With Electricity Generator The PowerJet back plate begins to open as wind speed exceeds 13.5 mps. The pressure inside the turbine and the turbine rotational speed are held constant. Once the back plate has fully opened at approximately 29 mps, the controller begins pulsing back to the generator to limit the rotational speed of the turbine. At a wind speed in excess of 29 mps, the controller shorts the generator and brings the turbine to a complete stop. As the wind speed subsides, the controller releases the turbine and it resumes producing electricity. Data collection and instrumentation problems prevented identification of the exact speeds at which these events occur. However, the turbine, controller and generator survived winds in excess of 36 mps, confirming that the two over-speed controls accomplished their purpose. Technical Effectiveness & Economic Feasibility Maximum Electrical Output The output of electricity is maximized by the integration of an electronic controller and mechanical over-speed controls designed and tested during the course of this project. The output exceeds that of the PowerJet�s 3-bladed counterparts (see Appendix). Durability All components of the PowerJet turbine assembly�including the electronic and mechanical controls designed, manufactured and field tested during the course of this project�proved to be durable through severe weather conditions, with constant operation and no interruption in energy production. Low Cost Materials for the turbine, generator, tower, charge controllers and ancillary parts are available at reasonable prices. Fabrication of these parts is also readily available worldwide. The cost of assembling and installing the turbine is reduced because it has fewer parts and requires less labor to manufacture and assemble, making it competitively priced compared with turbines of similar output manufactured in the U.S. and Europe. The electronic controller is the unique part to be included in the turbine package. The controllers can be manufactured in reasonably-sized production runs to keep the cost below $250 each. The data logger and 24 sensors are for research only and will be unnecessary for the commercial product. Benefit To Public The PowerJet wind-electric system is designed for distributed wind generation in 3 and 4 class winds. This wind turbine meets DOE�s requirements for a quiet, durable, bird-safe turbine that eventually can be deployed as a grid-connected generator in urban and suburban settings. Results As described more fully below and illustrated in the Appendices, the goals and objectives outlined in 2060 SOPO were fully met. Electronic and mechanical controls were successfully designed, manufactured and integrated with the generator. The turbine, tower, controllers and generators operated without incident throughout the test period, surviving severe winter and summer weather conditions such as extreme temperatures, ice and sustained high winds. The electronic controls were contained in weather-proof electrical boxes and the elec
Bartlett, Raymond J
Numerical Study on GRB-Jet Formation in Collapsars
Two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations are performed using the ZEUS-2D code to investigate the dynamics of a collapsar that generates a GRB jet, taking account of realistic equation of state, neutrino cooling and heating processes, magnetic fields, and gravitational force from the central black hole and self gravity. It is found that neutrino heating processes are not so efficient to launch a jet in this study. It is also found that a jet is launched mainly by B{sub {phi}} fields that are amplified by the winding-up effect. However, since the ratio of total energy relative to the rest mass energy in the jet is not so high as several hundred, we conclude that the jets seen in this study are not be a GRB jet. This result suggests that general relativistic effects, which are not included in this study, will be important to generate a GRB jet. Also, the accretion disk with magnetic fields may still play an important role to launch a GRB jet, although a simulation for much longer physical time {approx} 10-100 s is required to confirm this effect. It is shown that considerable amount of {sup 56}Ni is synthesized in the accretion disk. Thus there will be a possibility for the accretion disk to supply sufficient amount of {sup 56}Ni required to explain the luminosity of a hypernova. Also, it is shown that neutron-rich matter due to electron captures with high entropy per baryon is ejected along the polar axis. Moreover, it is found that the electron fraction becomes larger than 0.5 around the polar axis near the black hole by {nu}{sub e} capture at the region. Thus there will be a possibility that r-process and r/p-process nucleosynthesis occur at these regions. Finally, much neutrons will be ejected from the jet, which suggests that signals from the neutron decays may be observed as the delayed bump of the light curve of the afterglow or gamma-rays.
Nagataki, Shigehiro; /Kyoto U., Yukawa Inst., Kyoto /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Takahashi, Rohta; /Tokyo U.; Mizuta, Akira; /Garching, Max Planck Inst.; Takiwaki, Tomoya; /Tokyo U.
Production of biocomponent containing jet fuels
Recent demands for low aromatic content jet fuels have shown significant increase in the last 20 years. This was generated by the growing of aviation. Further than quality requirements were more aggravated in front of jet fuels. This was generated by ... Keywords: aromatic content, biocomponent, crystallization point, jet fuel, kerosene, vegetable oil
Z. Eller; P. Solymosi; T. Kasza; Z. Varga; J. Hancsók
Lagrangian simulation of transverse jets with a distribution-based diffusion scheme
Transverse jets form a dominant group of flow fields arising in many applications of modern energy utilization, including propulsion and effluent dispersion. Furthermore, they form canonical examples where the flow field ...
Wee, Daehyun, 1974-
Computational study of flow dynamics from a dc arc plasma jet
Plasma jets produced by direct-current (DC) non-transferred arc plasma torches, at the core of technologies ranging from spray coating to pyrolysis, present intricate dynamics due to the coupled interaction of fluid flow, thermal, and electromagnetic phenomena. The flow dynamics from an arc discharge plasma jet are investigated using time-dependent three-dimensional simulations encompassing the dynamics of the arc inside the torch, the evolution of the jet through the discharge environment, and the subsequent impingement of the jet over a flat substrate. The plasma is described by a chemical equilibrium and thermodynamic nonequilibrium (two-temperature) model. The numerical formulation of the physical model is based on a monolithic and fully-coupled treatment of the fluid and electromagnetic equations using a Variational Multiscale Finite Element Method. Simulation results uncover distinct aspects of the flow dynamics, including the jet forcing due to the movement of the electric arc, the prevalence of deviat...
Trelles, Juan Pablo
Evaporation system and method for gas jet deposition of thin film materials
A method and apparatus for depositing thin films of materials such as metals, oxides and nitrides at low temperature relies on a supersonic free jet of inert carrier gas to transport vapor species generated from an evaporation source to the surface of a substrate. Film deposition vapors are generated from solid film precursor materials, including those in the form of wires or powders. The vapor from these sources is carried downstream in a low pressure supersonic jet of inert gas to the surface of a substrate where the vapors deposit to form a thin film. A reactant gas can be introduced into the gas jet to form a reaction product with the evaporated material. The substrate can be moved from the gas jet past a gas jet containing a reactant gas in which a discharge has been generated, the speed of movement being sufficient to form a thin film which is chemically composed of the evaporated material and reactant gases.
Schmitt, Jerome J. (New Haven, CT); Halpern, Bret L. (Bethany, CT)
ENERGY STAR® Operation Change Out - The Military Challenge Campaign Launch
STAR® Operation Change Out - The Military Challenge STAR® Operation Change Out - The Military Challenge Campaign Launch ENERGY STAR® Operation Change Out - The Military Challenge Campaign Launch April 22, 2008 - 11:31am Addthis Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by Secretary Bodman Thank you, Colonel Flatau. It's a true honor and a pleasure to be here today and to be able to take part in your energy-saving efforts here on base. I want to thank all the members of our nation's armed forces, as well as their families, who are with us. And I'm especially pleased to welcome all the students who are here in celebration of Earth Day. When I think about Camp Lejeune and the United States Marine Corps one word comes to mind above all others excellence. The history of this base and the units who train and live here is long and distinguished and your
EM Helps Military Families in Need | Department of Energy
EM Helps Military Families in Need EM Helps Military Families in Need EM Helps Military Families in Need January 30, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis Pictured here are the Christmas gifts purchased with donations raised by EM staff for families of Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas. Pictured here are the Christmas gifts purchased with donations raised by EM staff for families of Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas. LAS VEGAS - Six families from Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas recently received nearly $4,000 in donations - funds that helped provide a welcome relief during the holidays. Donations raised by EM staff at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) went toward Christmas gifts for the families' 12 collective children, ranging from age 12 months to 8 years old. Donations also provided each
Wind Industry Training for Our Military Veterans | Department of Energy
Wind Industry Training for Our Military Veterans Wind Industry Training for Our Military Veterans Wind Industry Training for Our Military Veterans May 31, 2012 - 4:43pm Addthis Gemini's Wind Turbine Tower Rescue courses provide wind technicians with training in safety at height, emergency escape systems and rescue. This course is designed to prepare wind technicians with the knowledge and emergency procedures specific to wind turbines. | Photo by Claudia Trevizo. Gemini's Wind Turbine Tower Rescue courses provide wind technicians with training in safety at height, emergency escape systems and rescue. This course is designed to prepare wind technicians with the knowledge and emergency procedures specific to wind turbines. | Photo by Claudia Trevizo. Debbie Schultheis Technical Project Officer, Wind and Water Power Program
Helps Military Families in Need Helps Military Families in Need EM Helps Military Families in Need January 30, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis Pictured here are the Christmas gifts purchased with donations raised by EM staff for families of Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas. Pictured here are the Christmas gifts purchased with donations raised by EM staff for families of Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas. LAS VEGAS - Six families from Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas recently received nearly $4,000 in donations - funds that helped provide a welcome relief during the holidays. Donations raised by EM staff at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) went toward Christmas gifts for the families' 12 collective children, ranging from age 12 months to 8 years old. Donations also provided each family with a $100 gift card to the Nellis Commissary as well as a $100
6 6 Law Data/Tools Law You are here Data.gov » Communities » Law » Data Defense Office of Hearings & Appeals Decisions- Military Personnel Claim Decisions - 2006 Dataset Summary Description decisions involve claims related to uniformed service members' pay, allowances, travel, transportation, retired pay, and survivor benefits Tags {"military personnel","government claims",pay,"military benefits","uniformed services",overpayment} Dataset Ratings Overall 0 No votes yet Data Utility 0 No votes yet Usefulness 0 No votes yet Ease of Access 0 No votes yet Dataset Additional Information Last Updated 05/29/2011 Publisher Department of Defense Contact Name Contact Email email@example.com Unique Identifier DOD-4471 Public Access Level public
Energy Efficiency Upgrades Help Retired Military Officers Save Money |
Efficiency Upgrades Help Retired Military Officers Save Efficiency Upgrades Help Retired Military Officers Save Money Energy Efficiency Upgrades Help Retired Military Officers Save Money May 7, 2013 - 12:50pm Addthis A retirement community in San Antonio worked with a local Better Buildings Neighborhood Program partner, CPS Energy Saver, to make energy efficiency upgrades to 189 single-family cottages. | Photo courtesy of CPS Energy. A retirement community in San Antonio worked with a local Better Buildings Neighborhood Program partner, CPS Energy Saver, to make energy efficiency upgrades to 189 single-family cottages. | Photo courtesy of CPS Energy. Rebecca Matulka Rebecca Matulka Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What are the key facts? A retirement community in San Antonio worked with a local Better
9 9 Law Data/Tools Law You are here Data.gov » Communities » Law » Data Defense Office of Hearings & Appeals Decisions- Military Personnel Claim Decisions - 2009 Dataset Summary Description decisions involve claims related to uniformed service members' pay, allowances, travel, transportation, retired pay, and survivor benefits Tags {"military personnel","government claims",pay,"military benefits","uniformed services",overpayment} Dataset Ratings Overall 0 No votes yet Data Utility 0 No votes yet Usefulness 0 No votes yet Ease of Access 0 No votes yet Dataset Additional Information Last Updated V32 Publisher Department of Defense Contact Name Contact Email firstname.lastname@example.com Unique Identifier DOD-4474 Public Access Level public
Promoting Behavior-Based Energy Efficiency in Military Housing
The U.S. Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) helps agencies reduce the cost of doing business through energy efficiency, water conservation, and the use of solar and other renewable energy. As a large energy user, the U.S. military has been one of the government sectors of focus. Several military installations have shown substantial energy savings in past years. Most of these efficiency projects, however, have focused primarily on physical upgrades, technologies, and purchasing habits. Furthermost projects have focused on administrative and operational areas of energy use. Military residential housing, in particular, has received little formal attention for energy efficiency involving behaviors of the residents themselves. Behavior-based change is a challenging, but potentially fruitful area for energy conservation programs. However, behavioral change involves links with values, social networks and organizations, and new ways of thinking about living patterns. This handbook attempts to fill a gap by offering guidance for promoting such efforts.
AH McMakin; EL Malone; RE Lundgren
Superior orders: when and how to dissent in the military
The objective of this thesis is to determine under what circumstances a military officer should disobey or refuse to follow a superior order and also what additional actions the officer should take if he does not follow the order. Within a profession in which loyalty and obedience are valued so highly, there is often a reluctance to discuss the problem of superior orders. The problem is discussed from the perspective of the junior officer. Immanuel Kant's ethics are used as the basis for determining whether or not the order should be followed. Case studies from engineering ethics are examined to determine what avenues of dissent are available in that field. Military examples are then used to determine which of these avenues may be useful and appropriate for military officers.
Hildahl, Jessica Lynn
Energy Efficiency Upgrades Help Retired Military Officers Save Energy Efficiency Upgrades Help Retired Military Officers Save Money Energy Efficiency Upgrades Help Retired Military Officers Save Money May 7, 2013 - 12:50pm Addthis A retirement community in San Antonio worked with a local Better Buildings Neighborhood Program partner, CPS Energy Saver, to make energy efficiency upgrades to 189 single-family cottages. | Photo courtesy of CPS Energy. A retirement community in San Antonio worked with a local Better Buildings Neighborhood Program partner, CPS Energy Saver, to make energy efficiency upgrades to 189 single-family cottages. | Photo courtesy of CPS Energy. Rebecca Matulka Rebecca Matulka Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What are the key facts? A retirement community in San Antonio worked with a local Better
Numerical simulation of jet mixing concepts in Tank 241-SY-101
The episodic gas release events (GRES) that have characterized the behavior of Tank 241-SY-101 for the past several years are thought to result from gases generated by the waste material in it that become trapped in the layer of settled solids at the bottom of the tank. Several concepts for mitigating the GREs have been proposed. One concept involves mobilizing the solid particles with mixing jets. The rationale behind this idea is to prevent formation of a consolidated layer of settled solids at the bottom of the tank, thus inhibiting the accumulation of gas bubbles in this layer. Numerical simulations were conducted using the TEMPEST computer code to assess the viability and effectiveness of the proposed jet discharge concepts and operating parameters. Before these parametric studies were commenced, a series of turbulent jet studies were conducted that established the adequacy of the TEMPEST code for this application. Configurations studied for Tank 241-SY-101 include centrally located downward discharging jets, draft tubes, and horizontal jets that are either stationary or rotating. Parameter studies included varying the jet discharge velocity, jet diameter, discharge elevation, and material properties. A total of 18 simulations were conducted and are reported in this document. The effect of gas bubbles on the mixing dynamics was not included within the scope of this study.
Trent, D.S.; Michener, T.E.
Past, present and emerging toxicity issues for jet fuel
The US Air Force wrote the specification for the first official hydrocarbon-based jet fuel, JP-4, in 1951. This paper will briefly review the toxicity of the current fuel, JP-8, as compared to JP-4. JP-8 has been found to have low acute toxicity with the adverse effects being slight dermal irritation and weak dermal sensitization in animals. JP-4 also has low acute toxicity with slight dermal irritation as the adverse effect. Respiratory tract sensory irritation was greater in JP-8 than in JP-4. Recent data suggest exposure to jet fuel may contribute to hearing loss. Subchronic studies for 90 days with JP-8 and JP-4 showed little toxicity with the primary effect being male rat specific hydrocarbon nephropathy. A 1-year study was conducted for JP-4. The only tumors seen were associated with the male rat specific hydrocarbon nephropathy. A number of immunosuppressive effects have been seen after exposure to JP-8. Limited neurobehavioral effects have been associated with JP-8. JP-8 is not a developmental toxicant and has little reproductive toxicity. JP-4 has not been tested for immune, neurobehavioral or reproductive endpoints. JP-8 and JP-4 were negative in mutagenicity tests but JP-4 showed an increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis. Currently, JP-8 is being used as the standard for comparison of future fuels, including alternative fuels. Emerging issues of concern with jet fuels include naphthalene content, immunotoxicity and inhalation exposure characterization and modeling of complex mixtures such as jet fuels.
Mattie, David R., E-mail: email@example.com [Applied Biotechnology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RHPB Bldg. 837, 2729 R Street, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-5707 (United States); Sterner, Teresa R. [HJF, AFRL/RHPB Bldg 837, 2729 R Street, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-5707 (United States)
An evaluation of the reactor concepts under consideration for remote military power plants is presented. The concepts include water-cooled and - moderated reactors, both direct and indirect cycle. organic-cooled and -moderated reactors, heavy-water-cooled and -moderated reactors. gas-cooled reactors, sodium- cooled graphite-moderated reactors, fast reactors, and fluid-fuel reactors. The limitations and advantages, technological status, economics, and future potential of each reactor are reviewed. From the reviews it is concluded that direct-cycle boiling-water and pressurized-water reactors are most suitable for applications requiring power before 1965. (C.J.G.)
"The Second American School of Arms": the Virginia Military Institute and the advent of state military education, 1835-1851
The Virginia Military Institute, along with other Southern military colleges, is almost always historically viewed within the context of their contributions during the Civil War. VMI, and other "West Points of the Confederacy," were founded long before sectional tensions between North and South called these schools to provide officers for the Confederate armies. This thesis examines the social, political, and cultural factors leading to VMI's founding and initial success, not as a professional officer's school, but as a multi-faceted institution created as a solution to a collection of social, economic, and educational problems. The Institute sought to develop educated and honorable men who would provide the state with a new class of productive male citizens while using their military training to protect Virginia as officers in the militia. Those poorer youths who could not afford an education were offered a state supported tuition at VMI in exchange for teaching at a Virginia school for two years. While attending the Institute, cadets were also in charge of guarding the weapons stored in the arsenal from which the school was converted. VMI offered a multi-beneficial program in order to gain support from a state that was cynical of government-funded education. VMI was also created in response to national criticisms of the United States Military Academy at West Point. Using West Point as a model, VMI sought to create citizen-soldiers, not professionals, in their military training and aimed to educate cadets for various civilian occupations, not just that of army officers. The Institute also sought to counter the Academy's monopoly on engineering education by offering a similar curriculum to provide engineers for Virginia's internal improvements. In the decade following VMI's founding, other Southern states would utilize Virginia's archetype in creating their own state supported military schools in the hopes of reaping the same benefits.
Wineman, Bradford Alexander
Synchronization of system-of-systems interfaces in military satellite communications
Military systems continue to become more complex and nearly all are now part of one or more system of systems (SoS). Military satellite communications programs have expanded over the last decade from three distinct satellite ...
Davis, Mark J. (Mark Jeffrey)
Beaming and Jets in GRBs
The origin of GRBs have been a mystery for almost 30 years. The afterglowobserved in the last few years enabled redshift determination for a handful ofbursts, and the cosmological origin is now firmly established. Though thedistance scale is settled, there still remains orders of magnitude uncertaintyin their rate and in the total energy that is released in the explosion due tothe possibility that the emission is not spherical but jet-like. Contrary tothe GRB itself, the afterglow can be measured up to months and even years afterthe burst, and it can provide crucial information on the geometry of theejecta. We review the theory of afterglow from jets and discuss the evidencethat at least some of the bursts are not spherical. We discuss the prospects ofpolarization measurements, and show that this is a powerful tool inconstraining the geometry of the explosion.
Sari, R
Targeting Net Zero Energy for Military Installations (Presentation)
Targeting Net Zero Energy for Military Installations in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. A net zero energy installation (NZEI) is one that produces as much energy from on-site renewable sources as it consumes. NZEI assessment provides a systematic approach to energy projects.
Burman, K.
forEnvironmentalManagementofMilitaryLands Guide to Sampling Soil
forEnvironmentalManagementofMilitaryLands Guide to Sampling Soil Compaction Using Hand-Held Soil Fort Collins, CO 80523-1490 January 2004 #12;#12;1 Guide to Sampling Soil Compaction Using Hand-Held Soil Penetrometers1 Prepared by Dave Jones and Matt Kunze Center for Environmental Management
Effects of inclined jets on turbulent oxy-flame characteristics in a triple jet burner
The reactants are generally injected into the industrial furnaces by jets. An effective method to act on combustion in such systems is to control the way injection jets. The present study concerns the control of turbulent flames by the jets deflection in a natural gas-oxygen burner with separated jets. The burner of 25 kW power is constituted with three aligned jets, one central natural gas jet surrounded by two oxygen jets. The principal idea is to confine the fuel jet by oxygen jets to favour the mixing in order to improve the flame stability and consequently to reduce the pollutant emissions like NO{sub x}. The flame stability and its structural properties are analyzed by the OH chemiluminescence. The Particle Image Velocimetry technique has been used to characterize the dynamic field. Results show that the control by inclined jets has a considerable effect on the dynamic behaviour and flame topology. Indeed, the control by incline of oxygen jets towards fuel jet showed a double interest: a better stabilization of flame and a significant reduction of nitrogen oxides. Measurements showed that the deflection favours the mixing and accelerates the fusion of jets allowing the flame stabilization. (author)
Boushaki, T.; Mergheni, M.A.; Sautet, J.C. [CORIA UMR 6614 CNRS-Universite et INSA de ROUEN, Avenue de l'Universite, 76 801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, Cedex (France); Labegorre, B. [Air Liquide CRCD, Les Loges en Josas, BP 126, 78350 Jouy en Josas (France)
Simplified jet-A kinetic mechanism for combustor application
Successful modeling of combustion and emissions in gas turbine engine combustors requires an adequate description of the reaction mechanism. For hydrocarbon oxidation, detailed mechanisms are only available for the simplest types of hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, acetylene, and propane. These detailed mechanisms contain a large number of chemical species participating simultaneously in many elementary kinetic steps. Current computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models must include fuel vaporization, fuel-air mixing, chemical reactions, and complicated boundary geometries. To simulate these conditions a very sophisticated computer model is required, which requires large computer memory capacity and long run times. Therefore, gas turbine combustion modeling has frequently been simplified by using global reaction mechanisms, which can predict only the quantities of interest: heat release rates, flame temperature, and emissions. Jet fuels are wide-boiling-range hydrocarbons with ranges extending through those of gasoline and kerosene. These fuels are chemically complex, often containing more than 300 components. Jet fuel typically can be characterized as containing 70 vol pct paraffin compounds and 25 vol pct aromatic compounds. A five-step Jet-A fuel mechanism which involves pyrolysis and subsequent oxidation of paraffin and aromatic compounds is presented here. This mechanism is verified by comparing with Jet-A fuel ignition delay time experimental data, and species concentrations obtained from flametube experiments. This five-step mechanism appears to be better than the current one- and two-step mechanisms.
Lee, Chiming; Kundu, K.; Ghorashi, B.
Pulse jet mixing (PJM) tests with noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid were conducted at three geometric scales to support the design of mixing systems for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. The test data will be used to develop mixing models. The models predict the cloud height (the height to which solids will be lifted by the PJM action) and the critical suspension velocity (the minimum velocity needed to ensure all solids have been lifted from the floor. From the cloud height estimate, the concentration of solids near the vessel floor and the minimum velocity predicted to lift solids can be calculated. The test objective was to observe the influence of vertically downward-directed jets on noncohesive solids in a series of scaled tanks with several bottom shapes. The test tanks and bottom shapes included small-and large-scale tanks with elliptical bottoms, a mid-scale tank with a spherical bottom, and a large-scale tank with an F&D bottom. During testing, the downward-directed jets were operated in either a steady flow condition or a pulsed (periodic) flow condition. The mobilization of the solids resulting from the jets was evaluated based on: the motion/agitation of the particulate on the tank floor and the elevation the solids reach within the tank; the height the solids material reaches in the tank is referred to as the cloud height (HC).
Bamberger, Judith A.; Meyer, Perry A.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fort, James A.; Wells, Beric E.; Minette, Michael J.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Baer, Ellen BK; Eakin, David E.; Elmore, Monte R.; Snyder, Sandra F.
In-vessel activation monitors in JET: Progress in modeling
Activation studies were performed in JET with new in-vessel activation monitors. Though primarily dedicated to R and D in the challenging issue of lost {alpha} diagnostics for ITER, which is being addressed at JET with several techniques, these monitors provide for both neutron and charged particle fluences. A set of samples with different orientation with respect to the magnetic field is transported inside the torus by means of a manipulator arm (in contrast with the conventional JET activation system with pneumatic transport system). In this case, radionuclides with longer half-life were selected and ultralow background gamma-ray measurements were needed. The irradiation was closer to the plasma and this potentially reduces the neutron scattering problem. This approach could also be of interest for ITER, where the calibration methods have yet to be developed. The MCNP neutron transport model for JET was modified to include the activation probe and so provide calculations to help assess the new data. The neutron induced activity on the samples are well reproduced by the calculations.
Bonheure, Georges [Laboratory for Plasma Physics, Association 'Euratom-Belgian State', Avenue de la Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels (Belgium); Lengar, I. [Slovenian Fusion Association, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Syme, B.; Popovichev, S. [Euratom/UKAEA Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxon (United Kingdom); Wieslander, Elisabeth; Hult, Mikael; Gasparro, Joeel; Marissens, Gerd [EC-JRC-IRMM, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel (Belgium); Arnold, Dirk [Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 6.1 Radioactivity, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig (Germany); Laubenstein, Matthias [Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, S.S, 17/bis, km 18-910, I-67010 Assergi (Italy)
The ATLAS b-Jet Trigger
The online event selection is crucial to reject most of the events containing uninteresting background collisions while preserving as much as possible the interesting physical signals. The b-jet selection is part of the trigger strategy of the ATLAS experiment and a set of dedicated triggers was contributing to the event selection for the 2011 running. The b-jets acceptance is increased and the background reduced by lowering jet transverse energy thresholds at the first trigger level and applying b-tagging techniques at the subsequent levels. Different physics channels, especially topologies containing more than one b-jet where higher rejection factors are achieved, benefit from using the b-jet trigger. An overview of the b-jet trigger menu and performance on data is presented.
Per Hansson
Turbulent fluid jet excavation in cohesive soil : with particular application to jet grouting
This thesis reviews the jet grouting methodology, and the current state of practice and research. Current methods of prediction of jet grout diameters are highly empirical and site specific, and do not take into account ...
Ho, Chu Eu
Increasing jet entrainment, mixing and spreading
A free jet of air is disturbed at a frequency that substantially matches natural turbulences in the free jet to increase the entrainment, mixing, and spreading of air by the free jet, for example in a room or other enclosure. The disturbances are created by pulsing the flow of air that creates the free jet at the desired frequency. Such pulsing of the flow of air can be accomplished by sequentially occluding and opening a duct that confines and directs the flow of air, such as by rotating a disk on an axis transverse to the flow of air in the duct. 11 figs.
Farrington, R.B.
A free jet of air is disturbed at a frequency that substantially matches natural turbulences in the free jet to increase the entrainment, mixing, and spreading of air by the free jet, for example in a room or other enclosure. The disturbances are created by pulsing the flow of air that creates the free jet at the desired frequency. Such pulsing of the flow of air can be accomplished by sequentially occluding and opening a duct that confines and directs the flow of air, such as by rotating a disk on an axis transverse to the flow of air in the duct.
Farrington, Robert B. (Wheatridge, CO)
Safe Fluids for Jet Engine Texts
... industry and DoD use NIST calibration services for hydrocarbon liquid flow to ensure agreement and quality of measurements of jet fuel flow and ...
Expert system aid for military finance
Historically, budget preparation processes have been difficult to accomplish. Errors and inconsistencies cause problems for the analyst during budget review. This paper discusses the development and testing of an expert system to aid budget preparation. The prototyping tool, its capabilities, and their application are discussed. Shown are the pilot testing procedures and their role in system development. Current status and enhancements (including software updates and future testing) are also presented. 12 refs., 3 figs.
Morris, J.D.; Emrich, M.L.; Hwang, Ho-Ling; Meador, M.
Mechanisms of Jet Formation on the Giant Planets
The giant planet atmospheres exhibit alternating prograde (eastward) and retrograde (westward) jets of different speeds and widths, with an equatorial jet that is prograde on Jupiter and Saturn and retrograde on Uranus and Neptune. The jets are ...
Junjun Liu; Tapio Schneider
SpartyJet 4.0 User's Manual
SpartyJet is a set of software tools for jet finding and analysis, built around the FastJet library of jet algorithms. SpartyJet provides four key extensions to FastJet: a simple Python interface to most FastJet features, a powerful framework for building up modular analyses, extensive input file handling capabilities, and a graphical browser for viewing analysis output and creating new on-the-fly analyses. Many of these capabilities rely on a ROOT-based backend. Beyond finding jets, many jet tools in SpartyJet perform measurement of jet or event variables, available to subsequent tools and stored in the final output. SpartyJet can be downloaded from HepForge at http://projects.hepforge.org/spartyjet.
Pierre-Antoine Delsart; Kurtis L. Geerlings; Joey Huston; Brian T. Martin; Christopher K. Vermilion
Advanced Propulsion Concepts at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Current interest in advanced propulsion within NASA and research activities in advanced propulsion concepts at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory are reviewed. The include high power plasma thrusters such as propulsion systems, in-situ propellant utilization techniques, fusion propulsion systems and methods of using antimatter, offer the potential for either significantly enhancing space transportation capability as compared with that of traditional chemical propulsion, or enabling ambitious new missions.
Stephanie D. Leifer; Robert H. Frisbee; John R. Brophy
Engineering Technical Training Modules - Jet Impingement 1.0
The purpose of this training module is to provide an understanding to engineers on the effects jet impingement on equipment and structures in a nuclear power plant which can cause a sudden rupture of high and moderate energy systems. The topics included provide an understanding of impulsive and impactive loads, pipe break effects, structural effects, effects on steel surfaces, and design and licensing considerations that need to understood. This computer-based training (CBT) module is intended for use by...
Angular Energy Distribution of Collapsar-Jets
Collapsars are fast-spinning, massive stars, whose core collapse liberates an energy, that can be channeled in the form of ultrarelativistic jets. These jets transport the energy from the collapsed core to large distances, where it is dissipated in the form of long-duration gamma-ray bursts. In this paper we study the dynamics of ultrarelativistic jets produced in collapsars. Also we extrapolate our results to infer the angular energy distribution of the produced outflows in the afterglow phase. Our main focus is to look for global energetical properties which can be imprinted by the different structure of different progenitor stars. Thus, we employ a number of pre-supernova, stellar models (with distinct masses and metallicities), and inject in all of them jets with fixed initial conditions. We assume that at the injection nozzle, the jet is mildly relativistic (Lorentz factor $\\sim 5$), has a finite half-opening angle ($5^\\circ$), and carries a power of $10^{51} $erg s$^{-1}$. These jets arrive intact to the stellar surface and break out of it. A large Lorentz factor region $\\Gamma\\simmore 100$ develops well before the jet reaches the surface of the star, in the unshocked part of the beam, located between the injection nozzle and the first recollimation shock. These high values of $\\Gamma$ are possible because the finite opening angle of the jet allows for free expansion towards the radial direction. We find a strong correlation between the angular energy distribution of the jet, after its eruption from the progenitor surface, and the mass of the progenitors. The angular energy distribution of the jets from light progenitor models is steeper than that of the jets injected in more massive progenitor stars. This trend is also imprinted in the angular distribution of isotropic equivalent energy.
Akira Mizuta; Miguel A. Aloy
Evaluation of low-residue soldering for military and commercial applications: A report from the Low-Residue Soldering Task Force
The LRSTF combined the efforts of industry, military, and government to evaluate low-residue soldering processes for military and commercial applications. These processes were selected for evaluation because they provide a means for the military to support the presidential mandate while producing reliable hardware at a lower cost. This report presents the complete details and results of a testing program conducted by the LRSTF to evaluate low-residue soldering for printed wiring assemblies. A previous informal document provided details of the test plan used in this evaluation. Many of the details of that test plan are contained in this report. The test data are too massive to include in this report, however, these data are available on disk as Excel spreadsheets upon request. The main purpose of low-residue soldering is to eliminate waste streams during the manufacturing process.
Iman, R.L.; Anderson, D.J. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Burress, R.V. [SEHO (United States)] [and others
Simulations of Design Modifications in Military Health Facilities
The Military Health System (MHS) is a worldwide network of healthcare facilities and personnel. The healthcare facility inventory is aging and requires extensive facility management, renovations and replacement construction to maintain the environment of a high quality of care. Recent developments in sustainability and evidence-based design (EBD) have created additional requirements for the design and construction of facilities. These areas of design emphasis, sustainability and EBD, are developing best practices according to the respective theory. Existing facilities in the MHS have been directed to undergo restoration and modernization by Department of Defense (DoD) civilian leadership. Governmental directives have mandated that these restorations and new construction complies with current building codes and that EBD design features be included in healthcare facility planning. The hospital building type has changed over history due to innovations in building technology, such as HVAC and steel frame construction, as well as healthcare initiatives, such as treatment of tuberculosis and the mentally ill. The design concepts of environmental sustainability and EBD are currently altering the hospital typology. Building professionals have found significant differences in facilities that are categorized as evidence-based and those noted as sustainable. The future of successful healthcare designs relies on a balance of these concepts. The hospital building type has one of the highest energy intensities out of all commercial building types. Hospitals have become more energy intense due to the evolution of the deep-plan hospital. The design of the building envelope is the most lasting feature affecting the energy use of a hospital, due to its service-life typically equaling the life of the facility. The building envelope design consists of the shape of the building, material selection, as well as its orientation. This research demonstrates the relationship between incorporating positive building occupant features, such as increased day lighting and views of nature, and efficient energy design choices. The use of energy simulation software and early design collaboration between multiple professional disciplines is recognized as critical to optimal design solutions.
Kiss, Christopher William
HEFA and F-T jet fuel cost analyses
Aviation and the Environment 2. HEFA jet fuel from vegetable oil bottom-up cost study 3. HEFA jet fuel from microalgae bottom-up cost
Nick Carter; Michael Bredehoeft; Christoph Wollersheim; Hakan Olcay; James Hileman; Steven Barrett; Website Lae. Mit. Edu
Enhanced boiling heat transfer by submerged, vibration induced jets .
??In this analysis, the efficacy of cavitation jets for heat transfer enhancement was demonstrated. The cavitation jet was formed from a cluster of cavitation bubbles… (more)
Tillery, Steven W.
Jet Fuel Supply/Price Outlook - Fueling the Recovery
Jet Fuel Supply/Price Outlook: Fueling the Recovery Energy Information Administration Presentation to 4th International Jet Fuel Conference February ...
Aerosol Jet® Material Deposition for High Resolution Printed ...
Abstract Scope, Aerosol Jet printing, is finding wide use in a number of ... The Aerosol Jet systems deposit a wide variety of functional materials onto a wide ...
A liquid over-feeding military air conditioner
A 3-ton military air conditioning unit has been experimentally studied for baseline and liquid over-feeding operation (LOF). The test results indicate that LOF outperforms the baseline case over a wide ambient temperature range in terms of cooling capacity, power consumption, and system coefficient of performance (COP). At 95 F test point, the COP improvement for LOF is 19.8% over that of the baseline case. However, optimal refrigerant charge is essential for LOF to work properly.
Mei, V.C.; Chen, F.C. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Bolton, C. [Army CECOM Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Fort Belvoir, VA (United States)
Electro jet drilling using hybrid NNGA approach
This paper presents a hybrid neural network and genetic algorithm (NNGA) approach for the multi-response optimization of the electro jet drilling (EJD) process. The approach first uses a neural network model to predict the response parameters of the ... Keywords: Electro jet drilling, Electrochemical machining, Genetic algorithm, Multi-response, Neural network, Optimization
Mohan Sen; H. S. Shan
Inertial Resonance Induced by an Oceanic Jet
The dynamics of the mixed layer in the presence of an embedded geostrophic jet has been investigated using a simple 1˝-layer model and a two-dimensional primitive equation model. The jet vorticity induces a spatial variability of the wind-driven ...
P. Klein; A. M. Treguier
Dynamics of the West African Westerly Jet
The West African westerly jet (WAWJ) is a low-level westerly jet located at 8°–11°N over the eastern Atlantic and the West African coast. It is clearly distinguished from the monsoon westerly flow by its structure and dynamics, and plays an ...
Bing Pu; Kerry H. Cook
Condensation enhancement on a pool surface caused by a submerged liquid jet
One advanced nuclear reactor design has a residual heat removal (RHR) pipe connected to the bottom of a steam generator outlet plenum. The water in the plenum can become thermally stratified during postulated loss of coolant accidents. Cold water injected through the RHR pipe has the potential effect of increasing the steam condensation on the pool surface due to the stirring action of the jet. The amount of increase depends on a number of factors, including the jet velocity and the pool height above the jet injection point. Prediction of steam condensation rates, before and after the jet breaks the pool surface, is the topic of this paper. Data and correlations exist for pre surface breakthrough and a method has been developed for post breakthrough. The models have been incorporated into the reactor safety analysis computer software known as RELAP5. Comparisons of predictions against data are presented.
Shumway, R.W.
Ditau jets in Higgs searches
Understanding and identifying ditau jets--jets consisting of pairs of tau particles--can be of crucial importance and may even turn out to be a necessity if the Higgs boson decays dominantly to new light scalars which, on the other hand, decay to tau pairs. As often seen in various models beyond the standard model such as in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model, Higgs portals, etc., the lightness of these new states ensures their large transverse momenta and, as a consequence, the collinearity of their decay products. We show that the nonstandard signatures of these objects, which can easily be missed by standard analysis techniques, can be superbly exploited in an analysis based on subjet observables. When combined with additional selection strategies, this analysis can even facilitate an early discovery of the Higgs boson. To be specific, a light Higgs can be found with S/{radical}(B) > or approx. 5 from L{approx_equal}12 fb{sup -1} of data. We combine all these observables into a single discriminating likelihood that can be employed toward the construction of a realistic and standalone ditau tagger.
Englert, Christoph; Roy, Tuhin S.; Spannowsky, Michael [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (United States); Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403 (United States)
Hypervelocity jets from conical hollow-charges
In this article the formation of jets by means of the implosion of conical targets is analyzed. This implosion might be induced by high intensity lasers or X rays. It is known of experiments with explosive and numeric simulations that the formation of jets depends critically on the aperture of the cone. It is found in these simulations that for a given collapsing speed an angle of the cone exists below which jet doesn't take place. This critical angle grows with the collapsing speed. The numerical simulations seem to indicate that the production of jets is related to the separation of the shock wave that takes place in the collapsing region. We will also analyze the mass and kinetic energy of the jets taken place as a function of the initial opening of the cone.
Velarde, P. M.; Martinez-Val, J. M.; Eliezer, S.; Piera, M.; Guillen, J.; Cobo, M. D.; Ogando, F.; Crisol, A.; Gonzalez, L.; Prieto, J.; Velarde, G. [Instituto de Fusion Nuclear Universidad Politecnico de Madrid Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain)
A dichotomy in radio jet orientations
We examine the relative orientations of radio jets, central dust and stars in low-power (i.e., FR I and FR I/II) radio galaxies. We use the position angles of jet and dust to constrain the three-dimensional angle $\\theta_{\\rm DJ}$ between jet and dust. For galaxies with filamentary dust 'lanes' (which tend to be misaligned with the galaxy major axis) the jet is approximately perpendicular to the dust structure, while for galaxies with elliptical dust distributions (typically aligned with the galaxy major axis) there is a much wider distribution of $\\theta_{\\rm DJ}$. nThe dust ellipses are consistent with being nearly circular thin disks viewed at random viewing angles. The lanes are likely warped, unsettled dust structures. We consider two scenarios to explain the dust/jet orientation dichotomy.
Gijs Verdoes Kleijn; Tim de Zeeuw
Preliminary assessment report for Florence Military Reservation, Installation 04080, Florence, Arizona. Installation Restoration Program
This report presents the results of the preliminary assessment (PA) conducted by Argonne National Laboratory at the Arizona Army National Guard property near Florence, Arizona. Preliminary assessments of federal facilities are being conducted to compile the information necessary for completing preremedial activities and to provide a basis for establishing corrective actions in response to releases of hazardous substances. The principal objective of the PA is to characterize the site accurately and determine the need for further action by examining site activities, quantities of hazardous substances present, and potential pathways by which contamination could affect public health and the environment. Florence Military Reservation is a 5,655-acre site located in the southern portion of Arizona, about 65 mi southeast of Phoenix, in the county of Pinal. Florence Military Reservation includes Unit Training Equipment Site (UTES) 1, an artillery firing range, and ammunition storage. The subject of this PA is the UTES. The environmentally significant operations associated with the UTES property are (1) vehicle maintenance and refueling, (2) supply/storage of materials, and (3) the vehicle washrack.
Aerial radiation survey at a military range.
Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is currently listed on the Superfund National Priorities List because of past waste handling practices at 13 'study areas.' Concern has been expressed that anthropogenic radioisotopes may have been released at some of the study areas, with the potential of posing health risks to human or ecological receptors. This concern was addressed by thoroughly searching archival records, sampling and analyzing environmental media, and performing an aerial radiation survey. The aerial radiation survey techniques employed have been used over all U.S. Department of Energy and commercial reactor sites. Use of the Aerial Measurement System (AMS) allowed investigators to safely survey areas where surveys using hand-held instruments would be difficult to perform. In addition, the AMS delivered a full spectrum of the measured gamma radiation, thereby providing a means of determining which radioisotopes were present at the surface. As a quality check on the aerial measurements, four ground truth measurements were made at selected locations and compared with the aerial data for the same locations. The results of the survey revealed no evidence of surface radioactive contamination. The measured background radiation, including the cosmic contribution, ranged from 4 to 11 {mu}R/h.
Williams, G. P.; Martino, L. E.; Wrobel, J.; Environmental Assessment; U.S. Army Aberdeen Proving Ground
Comparison of heat transfer characteristics of axisymmetric and two dimensional reattachment jet nozzles to conventional jet impingement nozzles.
??The Radial Jet Reattachment (RJR) nozzle was developed over the past decade as a modification of the In-Line Jet (ILJ) nozzle in order to enhance… (more)
Narayanan, Vinod
A process and apparatus for the production of coke, asphalt and jet fuel from a feed of fossil fuels containing volatile carbon compounds therein is disclosed. The process includes the steps of pyrolyzing the feed in an entrained bed pyrolyzing means, separating the volatile pyrolysis products from the solid pyrolysis products, removing at least some coke from the solid pyrolysis products, fractionating the volatile pyrolysis products to produce an overhead stream and a bottom stream which is useful as asphalt for road pavement, condensing the overhead stream to produce a condensed liquid fraction and a noncondensable, gaseous fraction, and removing water from the condensed liquid fraction to produce a jet fuel-containing product. The disclosed apparatus is useful for practicing the foregoing process. The process provides a useful method of mass producing these products from materials such as coal, oil shale and tar sands. 1 fig.
Shang, Jer Yu.
Recovery of precious metals from military electronic components
Sandia National Laboratories developed a process to identify and remove the hazardous sub-components from dismantled weapons components utilizing real-time radiography and abrasive water-jet cutting. The components were then crushed, granulated, screened, and separated into an aluminium and a precious-and-base-metals fraction using air-tables. Plastics were further cleaned for disposal as non- hazardous waste.
Gundiler, I.H. [New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM (United States); Lutz, J.D.; Neiswander, P.G.
Composite Octet Searches with Jet Substructure
Many new physics models with strongly interacting sectors predict a mass hierarchy between the lightest vector meson and the lightest pseudoscalar mesons. We examine the power of jet substructure tools to extend the 7 TeV LHC sensitivity to these new states for the case of QCD octet mesons, considering both two gluon and two b-jet decay modes for the pseudoscalar mesons. We develop both a simple dijet search using only the jet mass and a more sophisticated jet substructure analysis, both of which can discover the composite octets in a dijet-like signature. The reach depends on the mass hierarchy between the vector and pseudoscalar mesons. We find that for the pseudoscalar-to-vector meson mass ratio below approximately 0.2 the simple jet mass analysis provides the best discovery limit; for a ratio between 0.2 and the QCD-like value of 0.3, the sophisticated jet substructure analysis has the best discovery potential; for a ratio above approximately 0.3, the standard four-jet analysis is more suitable.
Bai, Yang; /SLAC; Shelton, Jessie; /Yale U.
Numerical Simulations of Boiling Jet Impingement Cooling in Power Electronics
This paper explores turbulent boiling jet impingement for cooling power electronic components in hybrid electric vehicles.
Narumanchi, S.; Troshko, A.; Hassani, V.; Bharathan, D.
A hydrogen jet polarimeter was developed for the RHIC accelerator to improve the process of measuring polarization. Particle beams intersecting with gas molecules can produce light by the process known as luminescence. This light can then be focused, collected, and processed giving important information such as size, position, emittance, motion, and other parameters. The RHIC hydrogen jet polarimeter was modified in 2005 with specialized optics, vacuum windows, light transport, and a new camera system making it possible to monitor the luminescence produced by polarized protons intersecting the hydrogen beam. This paper describes the configuration and preliminary measurements taken using the RHIC hydrogen jet polarimeter as a luminescence monitor.
An air jet spoiler arrangement is provided for a Darrieus-type vertical axis wind-powered turbine. Air is drawn into hollow turbine blades through air inlets at the ends thereof and is ejected in the form of air jets through small holes or openings provided along the lengths of the blades. The air jets create flow separation at the surfaces of the turbine blades, thereby inducing stall conditions and reducing the output power. A feedback control unit senses the power output of the turbine and controls the amount of air drawn into the air inlets accordingly.
Cyrus, Jack D. (Corrales, NM); Kadlec, Emil G. (Albuquerque, NM); Klimas, Paul C. (Albuquerque, NM)
Study of falling-jet flash evaporators
Experimental results of flash evaporation from sheets of water, 3.2 mm and 6.3 mm thick and 27.9 cm wide, falling freely in the presence of their own vapor, are reported. With no flashing the jets fall in coherent sheets, but with flashing the jets were observed to spread and break up into droplets. Flashing was characterized by an effectiveness parameter, which was found to increase with increasing water temperature and jet length. Variations in water flow rate and heat flux did not influence the effectiveness appreciably.
Kreith, F.; Olson, D.A.; Bharathan, D.; Green, H.J.
Appendix F Cultural Resources, Including
Appendix F Appendix F Cultural Resources, Including Section 106 Consultation STATE OF CALIFORNIA - THE RESOURCES AGENCY EDMUND G. BROWN, JR., Governor OFFICE OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION 1725 23 rd Street, Suite 100 SACRAMENTO, CA 95816-7100 (916) 445-7000 Fax: (916) 445-7053 email@example.com www.ohp.parks.ca.gov June 14, 2011 Reply in Reference To: DOE110407A Angela Colamaria Loan Programs Office Environmental Compliance Division Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave SW, LP-10 Washington, DC 20585 Re: Topaz Solar Farm, San Luis Obispo County, California Dear Ms. Colamaria: Thank you for seeking my consultation regarding the above noted undertaking. Pursuant to 36 CFR Part 800 (as amended 8-05-04) regulations implementing Section
An inhomogeneous jet model for the rapid variability of TeV blazars
We present a new time-dependent inhomogeneous jet model of non-thermal blazar emission, which reproduces the entire spectral energy distribution together with the rapid gamma-ray variability. Ultra-relativistic leptons are injected at the base of a jet and propagate along the jet structure. We assume continuous reacceleration and cooling, producing a relativistic quasi-maxwellian (or "pile-up") particle energy distribution. The synchrotron and Synchrotron-Self Compton jet emissivity are computed at each altitude. Klein-Nishina effects as well as intrinsic gamma-gamma absorption are included in the computation. Due to the pair production optical depth, considerable particle density enhancement can occur, particularly during flaring states. Time-dependent jet emission can be computed by varying the particle injection, but due to the sensitivity of pair production process, only small variations of the injected density are required during the flares. The stratification of the jet emission, together with a pile-up distribution, allows significantly lower bulk Lorentz factors, compared to one-zone models. Applying this model to the case of PKS2155-304 and its big TeV flare observed in 2006, we can reproduce simultaneously the average broad band spectrum of this source as well as the TeV spectra and TeV light curve of the flare with bulk Lorentz factor lower than 15.
Timothé Boutelier; Gilles Henri; Pierre-Olivier Petrucci
Countries Gasoline Prices Including Taxes
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Countries (U.S. dollars per gallon, including taxes) Countries (U.S. dollars per gallon, including taxes) Date Belgium France Germany Italy Netherlands UK US 01/13/14 7.83 7.76 7.90 8.91 8.76 8.11 3.68 01/06/14 8.00 7.78 7.94 8.92 8.74 8.09 3.69 12/30/13 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.68 12/23/13 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.63 12/16/13 7.86 7.79 8.05 9.00 8.78 8.08 3.61 12/9/13 7.95 7.81 8.14 8.99 8.80 8.12 3.63 12/2/13 7.91 7.68 8.07 8.85 8.68 8.08 3.64 11/25/13 7.69 7.61 8.07 8.77 8.63 7.97 3.65 11/18/13 7.99 7.54 8.00 8.70 8.57 7.92 3.57 11/11/13 7.63 7.44 7.79 8.63 8.46 7.85 3.55 11/4/13 7.70 7.51 7.98 8.70 8.59 7.86 3.61 10/28/13 8.02 7.74 8.08 8.96 8.79 8.04 3.64 10/21/13 7.91 7.71 8.11 8.94 8.80 8.05 3.70 10/14/13 7.88 7.62 8.05 8.87 8.74 7.97 3.69
Particle-jet interactions in an MHD second stage combustor
An Argonne two-phase combustion flow computer code is used to simulate reacting flows to aid in the development of an advanced combustor for magnetohydrodynamic power generation. The combustion code is a general hydrodynamics computer code for two-phase, two- dimensional, steady state, turbulent, and reacting flows, based on mass, momentum, and energy conservation laws for multiple gas species and particles. The combustion code includes turbulence, integral combustion, and particle evaporation submodels. A recently developed integral combustion submodel makes calculations more efficient and more stable while still preserving the major physical effects of the complex combustion processes. The combustor under investigation is a magnetohydrodynamic second stage combustor in which opposed jets of oxidizer are injected into a confined cross-stream of hot coal gas flow following a first stage swirl combustor. The simulation is intended to enhance the understanding the of seed particle evaporation in the combustor and evaluate the effects of combustor operating conditions on seed particle evaporation and vapor dispersion, which directly affect overall magnetohydrodynamic power generation. Computation results show that oxidizer jet angle and particle size may greatly affect particle evaporation and vapor dispersion. At a jet angle about 130 degrees, particle evaporation rate is the highest because of the highest average gas temperature. As particle size increases beyond 10 microns in diameter, the effects of particle size on wall deposition rate, evaporation delay, and downstream seed vapor dispersion become more pronounced. 16 refs., 10 figs.
Lottes, S.A.; Chang, S.L.
Amoco and Lummus Crest are evaluating the process options and economics for upgrading the naphtha, crude phenols, and tar oil by-products from the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant to jet fuels and other salable products. Analytical characterizations of these three by-products indicate the range of products that can be manufactured from each, and potential problems which could be encountered during refining. These characterizations, along with limited experimental data and Amoco's proprietary process models, were used to design conceptual processing schemes for maximizing the production of Grades JP-4, JP-8, and high density (JP-8X) jet fuels from the by-product liquids. In addition to the maximum jet fuel schemes, conceptual designs have also been formulated for maximizing profits from refining of the Great Plains by-products. Conceptual processing schemes for profitable production of JP-4, JP-8, and JP-8X have been developed, as has a maximum profit'' case. All four of these additional cases have now been transferred to Lummus for design and integration studies. Development of these schemes required the use of linear programming technology. This technology includes not only conventional refining processes which have been adapted for use with coal-derived liquids (e.g. hydrotreating, hydrocracking), but also processes which may be uniquely suited to the Great Plains by-products such as cresylic acid extraction, hydordealkylation, and needle coking. 6 figs., 3 tabs.
EA-1606: Proposed Use of Savannah River Site Lands for Military...
Environmental Assessment Proposed Use of Savannah River Site Lands for Military Training, SC September 7, 2011 EA-1606: Draft Environmental Assessment Proposed Use of Savannah...
Behavioral representation of military tactics for single-vehicle autonomous rotorcraft via statecharts
Over the past several years, aerospace companies have developed unmanned helicopters suitable for integration into military operations as reconnaissance platforms. These rotorcraft, however, require ground-based human ...
Hickie, Mark M
Jet production in muon scattering at Fermilab E665
Measurements of multi-jet production rates from Muon-Nucleon and Muon-Nuclei scattering at Fermilab-E665 are presented. Jet rates are defined by the JADE clustering algorithm. Rates in Muon-Nucleon deep-inelastic scattering are compared to Monte Carlo model predictions. Preliminary results from jet production on heavy targets, in the shadowing region, show a higher suppression of two-forward jets as compared to one-forward jet production.
Salgado, C.W.; E665 Collaboration
Stochastic Dynamics of the Midlatitude Atmospheric Jet
The innate tendency of the background straining field of the midlatitude atmospheric jet to preferentially amplify a subset of disturbances produces a characteristic response to stochastic perturbation whether the perturbations are internally ...
Brian F. Farrell; Peteros J. Ioannou
Jet Fuel from Bio-Diesel
Jet Fuel from Bio-Diesel Background Due to concerns with limited resources of petroleum-based fuels, the demand for using renewable feedstocks, such as vegetable oils and animal...
Current-driven instability of magnetic jets
MHD instabilities can be responsible for the complex morphology of astrophysical jets. We consider the stability properties of jets containing both the azimuthal and axial field of subthermal strength. The presence of the magnetic field with complex topology in jets is suggested by theoretical models and it is consistent with recent observations. Stability is discussed by means of a linear analysis of the ideal MHD equations.We argue that, in the presence of azimuthal and axial magnetic fields, the jet is always unstable to non-axisymmetric perturbations. Stabilization does not occur even if the strengths of these field components are comparable. If the axial field is weaker than the azimuthal one, instability occurs for perturbations with any azimuthal wave number $m$, and the growth rate reach a saturation value for small values of $m$. If the axial field is stronger than the toroidal one, the instability shows off for perturbations with relatively large $m$.
Bonanno, Alfio
Jets (relativistic and non) in astrophysics
Let's take stock of the situation on one of the most studied astrophysical phenomena during the latest years: the jets escaping from protostars, stellar singularities, GRB and active galactic nuclei.
Foschini, Luigi
String model for spinning quark jets
A string model of quark hadronization, taking the quark spin degree of freedom into account, is proposed. The method for using the model in a Monte-Carlo code for jet generation is given.
Artru, X.; Belghobsi, Z. [Universite de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3 and Universite Lyon 1, Institut de Physique Nucleaire de Lyon, Laboratoire de Physique Theorique, Universite de Jijel (Algeria)
Mixing Processes within the Polar Night Jet
Lagrangian material line simulations are performed using U.K. Meteorological Office assimilated winds and temperatures to examine mixing processes in the middle- and lower-stratospheric polar night jet during the 1992 Southern Hemisphere spring ...
R. Bradley Pierce; T. Duncan Fairlie; William L. Grose; Richard Swinbank; Alan O'Neill
Developments of the ATLAS Jet Trigger
There have been a lot of recent changes in the ATLAS jet trigger. The standard strategy, based on Regions Of Interest, is not well-suited for multi-jet events since it leads to pathologies and efficiency losses. This philosophy has been changed for the jet trigger, and we now have the possibility of unpacking the full calorimeter at Event Filter and (even for a small subset of the events) at an intermediate level between Level-1 and Level-2. We also moved to the use of calibrated scale at trigger level, and to the application of noise cuts to reduce rate spikes. We will present the performance of the jet trigger in 2011, when most of these changes were operational
Lopes, L; The ATLAS collaboration
Performance of the ATLAS Jet Trigger
The Initial Composition of Jet Condensation Trails
Physicochemical processes that generate and transform aerosols in jet aircraft plumes are discussed on the basis of theoretical models and recent observations of young contrails in the upper troposphere. The initial evolution of optical depth and ...
B. Kärcher; Th Peter; U. M. Biermann; U. Schumann
Persistent Multiple Jets and PV Staircase
The persistence of multiple jets is investigated with a quasigeostrophic, two-layer, ?-plane channel model. Linearly unstable normal modes are found to be capable of qualitatively describing the eddy fluxes of the nonlinear model. For a ...
Changhyun Yoo; Sukyoung Lee
Dark Matter Jets at the LHC
We argue that dark matter particles which have strong interactions with the Standard Model particles are not excluded by current astrophysical constraints. These dark matter particles have unique signatures at colliders; instead of missing energy, the dark matter particles produce jets. We propose a new search strategy for such strongly interacting particles by looking for a signal of two trackless jets. We show that suitable cuts can plausibly allow us to find these signals at the LHC even in early data.
Bai, Yang; /SLAC; Rajaraman, Arvind; /UC, Irvine
Feasibility of producing jet fuel from GPGP (Great Plains Gasification Plant) by-products
The Great Plains Gasification Plant (GPGP) in Beulah, North Dakota, is in close proximity to several Air Force bases along our northern tier. This plant is producing over 137 million cubic feet per day high-Btu SNG from North Dakota lignite. In addition, the plant generates three liquid streams, naphtha, crude phenol, and tar oil. The naphtha may be directly marketable because of its low boiling point and high aromatic content. The other two streams, totalling about 4300 barrels per day, are available as potential sources of aviation jet fuel for the Air Force. The overall objective of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing aviation turbine fuel from the by-product streams of GPGP. These streams, as well as fractions thereof, will be characterized and subsequently processed over a wide range of process conditions. The resulting turbine fuel products will be analyzed to determine their chemical and physical characteristics as compared to petroleum-based fuels to meet the military specification requirements. A second objective is to assess the conversion of the by-product streams into a new, higher-density aviation fuel. Since no performance specifications currently exist for a high-density jet fuel, reaction products and intermediates will only be characterized to indicate the feasibility of producing such a fuel. This report describes results on feedstock characterization. 6 figs., 5 tabs.
Willson, W.G.; Knudson, C.L.; Rindt, J.R.
The Great Plains Gasification Plant (GPGP) in Beulah, North Dakota, is in close proximity to several Air Force bases along our northern tier. This plant is producing over 137 million cubic feet per day of high-Btu Natural Gas from North Dakota lignite. In addition, the plant generates three liquid streams, naphtha, crude phenol, and tar oil. The naphtha may be directly marketable because of its low boiling point and high aromatic content. The other two streams, totalling about 4300 barrels per day, are available as potential sources of aviation fuel jet fuel for the Air Force. The overall objective of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing aviation turbine fuel from the by-product streams of GPGP. These streams, as well as fractions, thereof, will be characterized and subsequently processed over a wide range of process conditions. The resulting turbine fuel products will be analyzed to determine their chemical and physical characteristics as compared to petroleum-based fuels to meet the military specification requirements. A second objective is to assess the conversion of the by-product streams into a new, higher-density aviation fuel. Since no performance specifications currently exist for a high-density jet fuel, reaction products and intermediates will only be characterized to indicate the feasibility of producing such a fuel. This report discusses the suitability of the tar oil stream. 5 refs., 20 figs., 15 tabs.
U.S. Exports of Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel (Thousand Barrels per Day)
Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Exports; Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Exports by Destination; Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Supply and Disposition ...
Jet energy scale determination in the D0 experiment
The calibration of jet energy measured in the \\DZero detector is presented, based on ppbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Jet energies are measured using a sampling calorimeter composed of uranium and liquid argon as the passive and active media, respectively. This paper describes the energy calibration of jets performed with photon+jet, Z+jet and dijet{} events, with jet transverse momentum pT > 6 GeV and pseudorapidity range |eta| energy in simulation and in particular of the effects due to the flavor of the parton originating the jet, correcting biases up to 3%-4% in jets with low pT originating from gluons and up to 6%-8% in jets from b quarks.
D0 Collaboration
Radiant Energy Power Source for Jet Aircraft. Final performance report
Modeling of NOx formation in circular laminar jet flames
Emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from combustion devices is a topic of tremendous current importance. The bulk of the review of NOx emissions has been in the field of turbulent jet flames. However laminar jet flames have provided much insight into the relative importance of NOx reaction pathways in non premixed combustion for various flame conditions. The existing models include detailed chemistry kinetics for various species involved in the flame. These detailed models involve very complex integration of hundreds of chemical reactions of various species and their intermediates. Hence such models are highly time consuming and also normally involve heavy computational costs. This work proposes a numerical model to compute the total production of NOx in a non-premixed isolated circular laminar jet flame. The jet consists of the fuel rich inner region and the O2 rich outer region. The model estimates both thermal NOx and prompt NOx assuming single step kinetics for NOx formation and a thin flame model. Further the amount of air entrainment by jet depends upon the Sc number of fuel. The higher the Sc number, the higher is the air entrained which lowers the flame temperature and hence NOx formation. With increasing Sc number, flame volume increases which leads to an increase in the NOx formation. The effect of the Sc number variation on the net production of NOx and flame structure is also investigated. The effect of equilibrium chemistry for CO2 CO + 1/2 O2 and H2O H2 +1/2 O2 on total NOx emission is studied. Also the effect of both CO2 and H2O equilibrium is considered simultaneously and the net x NO formation for propane is 45 ppm. The split between pre-flame and post-flame regions is also investigated. For Propane, 96% of NO emissions occur in the pre-flame region and about 4% in the post-flame region. The model predictions are compared with experimental values of NOx missions reported elsewhere.
Siwatch, Vivek
Determination of robot drop location for military path planning using GIS application
Due to the uncertainties and higher risks of fatality in combat situations, Unmanned Ground Robots (UGR) may be proven to be a safer alternative for carrying out critical military missions, such as search and rescue, and reconnaissance operations. Among ... Keywords: military path planning, robot drop, unmanned ground robot
Min-Wook Kang; Manoj K. Jha; Gautham Karri
A novel adaptive proxy certificates management scheme in military grid environment
Proxy Certificates (PCs) is one of key mechanisms in Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI). Users need PCs to access grid service. But there is no effective mechanism to manage the PCs in GSI. In order to apply GSI in Military Grid, a novel adaptive Proxy ... Keywords: GSI, hash value, hierarchical oneway chains, military grid, proxy certificate
Ying Liu; Jingbo Xia; Jing Dai
EM Employee Serves Military in Afghanistan, Manages $5.8 Billion Army Task
Employee Serves Military in Afghanistan, Manages $5.8 Billion Employee Serves Military in Afghanistan, Manages $5.8 Billion Army Task Order EM Employee Serves Military in Afghanistan, Manages $5.8 Billion Army Task Order February 27, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis James Hawkins James Hawkins BAGRAM AIRFIELD, Afghanistan - EM employee James Hawkins is currently serving the U.S. military in Afghanistan, where he is administering a $5.8 billion task order for the Army. A major in the U.S. Air Force Reserves, Hawkins is an administrative contracting officer for the Defense Contract Management Agency, a component of the Defense Department that directly contributes to the military readiness of the U.S. and its allies. Hawkins is an acquisition planning manager and procurement analyst in the Office of Procurement Planning in EM's Office of Acquisition and Project
An Interview with Chris Gunderson: Are Militaries Lagging Their Non-State Enemies in Use of Internet?
The increasing number of cyber attacks on military networks and servers has raised the question of what the global defense community is doing to safeguard military systems and protect the larger global Internet. Ubiquity's editor interviewed Chris Gunderson, ...
Peter Denning
The weight of an assassin's mace : vulnerabilities in the US military's satellite communications and China's information warfare threat
Believing that an information Revolution of Military Affairs has occurred, the US military is currently transforming to achieve dominance over the full spectrum of deployment scenarios with a lighter, more mobile, and more ...
Brooks, Benjamin M
Testing military grade magnetics (transformers, inductors and coils).
Engineers and designers are constantly searching for test methods to qualify or 'prove-in' new designs. In the High Reliability world of military parts, design test, qualification tests, in process tests and product characteristic tests, become even more important. The use of in process and function tests has been adopted as a way of demonstrating that parts will operate correctly and survive its 'use' environments. This paper discusses various types of tests to qualify the magnetic components - the current carrying capability of coils, a next assembly 'as used' test, a corona test and inductance at temperature test. Each of these tests addresses a different potential failure on a component. The entire process from design to implementation is described.
Modern theoretical models of astrophysical jets combine accretion, rotation, and magnetic fields to launch and collimate supersonic flows from a central source. Near the source, magnetic field strengths must be large enough to collimate the jet requiring that the Poynting flux exceeds the kinetic energy flux. The extent to which the Poynting flux dominates kinetic energy flux at large distances from the engine distinguishes two classes of models. In magneto-centrifugal launch models, magnetic fields dominate only at scales {approx}< 100 engine radii, after which the jets become hydrodynamically dominated (HD). By contrast, in Poynting flux dominated (PFD) magnetic tower models, the field dominates even out to much larger scales. To compare the large distance propagation differences of these two paradigms, we perform three-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic adaptive mesh refinement simulations of both HD and PFD stellar jets formed via the same energy flux. We also compare how thermal energy losses and rotation of the jet base affects the stability in these jets. For the conditions described, we show that PFD and HD exhibit observationally distinguishable features: PFD jets are lighter, slower, and less stable than HD jets. Unlike HD jets, PFD jets develop current-driven instabilities that are exacerbated as cooling and rotation increase, resulting in jets that are clumpier than those in the HD limit. Our PFD jet simulations also resemble the magnetic towers that have been recently created in laboratory astrophysical jet experiments.
Huarte-Espinosa, M.; Frank, A.; Blackman, E. G. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, 600 Wilson Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14627-0171 (United States); Ciardi, A. [LERMA, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Observatoire de Paris, F-92195 Meudon (France); Hartigan, P. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 S. Main, Houston, TX 77521-1892 (United States); Lebedev, S. V.; Chittenden, J. P. [Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2BW London (United Kingdom)
A tool for military officers enchasing life long learning applied on the paradigm of risk preparedness and management
In this paper model for managing the Job Rotation of personnel attached to specific military units is proposed. This model aims to maintain the level of the overall preparedness of the units against known risks, by maintaining the presence of skilled ... Keywords: grid architecture, job rotation, military applications, military units, risk preparedness, training sessions, web services
Nikolaos V. Karadimas; Nikolaos Doukas; Nikolaos P. Papastamatiou
W+n-Jet Predictions With MC@NLO in Sherpa
Results for the production of W-bosons in conjunction with up to three jets including parton shower corrections are presented and compared to recent LHC data. These results consistently incorporate the full next-to leading order QCD corrections through the MC{at}NLO method, as implemented in the SHERPA event generator, with the virtual corrections obtained from the BLACKHAT library.
Hoeche, Stefan; /SLAC; Krauss, Frank; Schonherr, Marek; /Durham U., IPPP; Siegert, Frank; /Freiburg U.
Time dependent modelisation of TeV blazars by a stratified jet model
We present a new time-dependent inhomogeneous jet model of non-thermal blazar emission. Ultra-relativistic leptons are injected at the base of a jet and propagate along it. We assume continuous reacceleration and cooling, producing a relativistic quasi-maxwellian (or "pile-up") particle energy distribution. The synchrotron and Synchrotron-Self Compton jet emissivity are computed at each altitude. Klein-Nishina effects as well as intrinsic gamma-gamma absorption are included in the computation. Due to the pair production optical depth, considerable particle density enhancement can occur, particularly during flaring states.Time-dependent jet emission can be computed by varying the particle injection, but due to the sensitivity of pair production process, only small variations of the injected density are required during the flares. The stratification of the jet emission, together with a pile-up distribution, allows significantly lower bulk Lorentz factors, compared to one-zone models. Applying this model to the case of PKS 2155-304 and its big TeV flare observed in 2006, we can reproduce simultaneously the average broad band spectrum of this source from radio to TeV, as well as TeV light curve of the flare with bulk Lorentz factor lower than 15.
High energy emission from galactic jets
In this chapter we review some aspects of X-ray binaries, particularly those presenting steady jets, i.e. microquasars. Because of their proximity and similarities with active galactic nuclei (AGN), galactic jet sources are unique laboratories to test astrophysical theories of a universal scope. Due to recent observational progress made with the new generation of gamma-ray imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes and in view of the upcoming km3-size neutrino detectors, we focus especially on the possible high-energy gamma radiation and neutrino emission. In connection with this, we also comment about astrophysical jets present in young stellar objects, and we briefly discuss similarities and differences with extragalactic AGN and gamma-ray bursters.
H. R. Christiansen
The Dynamical Relationship between Subtropical and Eddy-Driven Jets
This study examines the impact of a subtropical jet on the development of baroclinic waves and polar-front jets with an idealized multilevel primitive equation model. Linear stability analysis and initial-value approaches suggest that baroclinic ...
Sukyoung Lee; Hyun-kyung Kim
Jet physics from static charges in AdS space
Soft interactions with high-energy jets are explored in radial coordinates which exploit the approximately conformal behavior of perturbative gauge theories. In these coordinates, the jets, approximated by Wilson lines, ...
Stewart, Iain
Formation of Jets and Equatorial Superrotation on Jupiter
The zonal flow in Jupiter's upper troposphere is organized into alternating retrograde and prograde jets, with a prograde (superrotating) jet at the equator. Existing models posit as the driver of the flow either differential radiative heating of ...
Tapio Schneider; Junjun Liu
Recirculation Gyres Forced by a Beta-Plane Jet
A numerical model, with quasigeostrophic and barotropic dynamics, is used to study the forcing of mean flows by an unstable jet. The initially zonal jet has specified shape and transport at the western inflow boundary and is sufficiently intense ...
Steven R. Jayne; Nelson G. Hogg; Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli
Jet Jumping: Low-Frequency Variability in the Southern Ocean
The authors study intrinsic variability in the position of jets in a ?-plane channel ocean with simple topography using a quasigeostrophic numerical model. This study links the variability in jet position with abyssal anticyclones that form as a ...
Christopher C. Chapman; Andrew McC. Hogg
Optimized Parameters for a Mercury Jet Target
A study of target parameters for a high-power, liquid mercury jet target system for a neutrino factory or muon collider is presented. Using the MARS code, we simulate particle production initiated by incoming protons with kinetic energies between 2 and 100 GeV. For each proton beam energy, we maximize production by varying the geometric parameters of the target: the mercury jet radius, the incoming proton beam angle, and the crossing angle between the mercury jet and the proton beam. The number of muons surviving through an ionization cooling channel is determined as a function of the proton beam energy. We optimize the mercury jet target parameters: the mercury jet radius, the incoming proton beam angle and the crossing angle between the mercury jet and the proton beam for each proton beam energy. The optimized target radius varies from about 0.4 cm to 0.6 cm as the proton beam energy increases. The optimized beam angle varies from 75 mrad to 120 mrad. The optimized crossing angle is near 20 mrad for energies above 5 GeV. These values differ from earlier choices of 67 mrad for the beam angle and 33 mrad for the crossing angle. These new choices for the beam parameters increase the meson production by about 20% compared to the earlier parameters. Our study demonstrates that the maximum meson production efficiency per unit proton beam power occurs when the proton kinetic energy is in the range of 5-15 GeV. Finally, the dependence on energy of the number of muons at the end of the cooling channel is nearly identical to the dependence on energy of the meson production 50 m from the target. This demonstrates that the target parameters can be optimized without the additional step of running the distribution through a code such as ICOOL that simulates the bunching, phase rotation, and cooling.
Ding, X.; Kirk, H.
Gamma-Ray Bursts: Jets and Energetics
The relativistic outflows from gamma-ray bursts are now thought to be narrowly collimated into jets. After correcting for this jet geometry there is a remarkable constancy of both the energy radiated by the burst and the kinetic energy carried by the outflow. Gamma-ray bursts are still the most luminous explosions in the Universe, but they release energies that are comparable to supernovae. The diversity of cosmic explosions appears to be governed by the fraction of energy that is coupled to ultra-relativistic ejecta.
D. A. Frail
Gravity waves from vortex dipoles and jets
The dissertation first investigates gravity wave generation and propagation from jets within idealized vortex dipoles using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. Several initially balanced and localized jets induced by vortex dipoles are examined here. Within these dipoles, inertia-gravity waves with intrinsic frequencies 1-2 times the Coriolis parameter are simulated in the jet exit region. The ray tracing analysis reveals strong variation of wave characteristics along ray paths. The dependence of wave amplitude on the Rossby number is examined through experiments in which the two vortices are initially separated by a large distance but subsequently approach each other and form a vortex dipole with an associated amplifying localized jet. The amplitude of stationary gravity waves in the simulations with a 90-km grid spacing increases nearly linearly with the square of the Rossby number but significantly more rapidly when smaller grid spacing is used. To further address the source mechanism of the gravity waves within the vortex dipole, a linear numerical framework is developed based on the framework proposed by Plougonven and Zhang (2007). Using the nonlinearly balanced fields as the basic state and driven by three types of large scale forcing, the vorticity, divergence and thermodynamic forcing, this linear model is utilized to obtain linear wave responses. The wave packets in the linear responses compare reasonably well with the MM5 simulated gravity waves. It is suggested that the vorticity forcing is the leading contribution to both gravity waves in the jet exit region and the ascent/descent feature in the jet core. This linear model is also adopted to study inertia-gravity waves in the vicinity of a baroclinic jet during the life cycle of an idealized baroclinic wave. It is found that the thermodynamic forcing and the vorticity forcing are equally important to the gravity waves in the low stratosphere, but the divergence forcing is again playing a lesser role. Two groups of wave packets are present in the linear responses; their sources appear to locate either near the surface front or near the middle/upper tropospheric jet.
Wang, Shuguang
Centrifugally driven electrostatic instability in extragalactic jets
The stability problem of the rotation-induced electrostatic wave in extragalactic jets is presented. Solving a set of equations describing dynamics of a relativistic plasma flow of active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets, an expression of the instability rate has been derived and analyzed for typical values of AGNs. The growth rate was studied versus the wavelength and the inclination angle and it has been found that the instability process is very efficient with respect to the accretion disk evolution, indicating high efficiency of the instability.
Osmanov, Z. [Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Kazbegi ave. 2a, Tbilisi 0160 (Georgia)
The Cambridge Jet algorithm: features and applications
Jet clustering algorithms are widely used to analyse hadronic events in high energy collisions. Recently a new clustering method, known as `Cambridge', has been introduced. In this article we present an algorithm to determine the transition values of y_cut for this clustering scheme, which allows to resolve any event to a definite number of jets in the final state. We discuss some particularities of the Cambridge clustering method and compare its performance to the Durham clustering scheme for Monte Carlo generated e+e- annihilation events.
Stan Bentvelsen; Irmtraud Meyer
High pressure water jet mining machine
A high pressure water jet mining machine for the longwall mining of coal is described. The machine is generally in the shape of a plowshare and is advanced in the direction in which the coal is cut. The machine has mounted thereon a plurality of nozzle modules each containing a high pressure water jet nozzle disposed to oscillate in a particular plane. The nozzle modules are oriented to cut in vertical and horizontal planes on the leading edge of the machine and the coal so cut is cleaved off by the wedge-shaped body.
Barker, Clark R. (Rolla, MO)
Enhancement of wall jet transport properties
By enhancing the natural instabilities in the boundary layer and in the free shear layer of a wall jet, the boundary is minimized thereby increasing the transport of heat and mass. Enhancing the natural instabilities is accomplished by pulsing the flow of air that creates the wall jet. Such pulsing of the flow of air can be accomplished by sequentially occluding and opening a duct that confines and directs the flow of air, such as by rotating a disk on an axis transverse to the flow of air in the duct.
Claunch, Scott D. (Broomfield, CO); Farrington, Robert B. (Golden, CO)
A giant radio jet ejected by an ultramassive black hole in a single-lobed radio galaxy
We report the discovery of a very unusual, highly asymmetric radio galaxy whose radio jet, the largest yet detected, emits strongly polarized synchrotron radiation and can be traced all the way from the galactic nucleus to the hot spot located ~440 kpc away. This jet emanates from an extremely massive black hole (>10^9 solar mass) and forms a strikingly compact radio lobe. No radio lobe is detected on the side of the counterjet, even though it is similar to the main jet in brightness up to a scale of tens of kiloparsecs. Thus, contrary to the nearly universal trend, the brightness asymmetry in this radio galaxy increases with distance from the nucleus. With several unusual properties, including a predominantly toroidal magnetic field, this Fanaroff-Riley type II megajet is an exceptionally useful laboratory for testing the role of magnetic field in jet stabilization and radio lobe formation.
Joydeep Bagchi; Gopal-Krishna; Marita Krause; Santosh Joshi
Jets and the hadronic final state at HERA
Recent results on jets and the hadronic final state from the HERA collaborations H1 and ZEUS are reviewed.
T. Schoerner-Sadenius
Photon - Jet Correlations and Constraints on Fragmentation Functions
We study the production of a large-pT photon in association with a jet in proton-proton collisions. We examine the sensitivity of the jet rapidity distribution to the gluon distribution function in the proton. We then assess the sensitivity of various photon + jet correlation observables to the photon fragmentation functions. We argue that RHIC data on photon-jet correlations can be used to constrain the photon fragmentation functions in a region which was barely accessible in LEP experiments.
Z. Belghobsi; M. Fontannaz; J. -Ph. Guillet; G. Heinrich; E. Pilon; M. Werlen
Gauge/gravity duality and jets in strongly coupled plasma
We discuss jets in strongly coupled N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma and their dual gravitational description.
Chesler, Paul M
Paul M. Chesler
Michigan Refinery Catalytic Hydrotreating, Kerosene/Jet Fuel ...
Cat. Hydro.. Kerosene/Jet Fuel Downstream Charge Capacity (B/SD) Michigan Downstream Charge Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries ...
Puerto Rico Refinery Catalytic Hydrotreating, Kerosene/Jet Fuel ...
Puerto Rico Refinery Catalytic Hydrotreating, Kerosene/Jet Fuel Downstream Charge Capacity as of January 1 (Barrels per Stream Day)
On the Counter-jet Emission in GRB Afterglows
We investigate the dynamical evolution of double-sided jets and present detailed numerical studies on the emission from the receding jet of gamma-ray bursts. It is found that the receding jet emission is generally very weak and only manifests as a plateau in the late time radio afterglow light curves. Additionally, we find that the effect of synchrotron self-absorption can influence the peak time of the receding jet emission significantly.
Wang Xin; Huang, Y. F. [Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
Jet impact on a soap film Geoffroy Kirstetter, Christophe Raufaste,
of the micro-jet or con- versely on its destabilization through the control of the liquid jet atomization, such as impacts, have recently raised some interest and uses for sound absorp- tion or bomb explosion safety [15 can be used to guide and control the jet direction. In the second one, a new class of flow is reported
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Structure and Spacing of Jets in Barotropic Turbulence
Turbulent flows are often observed to be organized into large-spatial-scale jets such as the familiar zonal jets in the upper levels of the Jovian atmosphere. These relatively steady large-scale jets are not forced coherently but are maintained ...
Jet pump feeds corrosion inhibitor in Russian waterflood
The Russian company Orenburgneft JSC tested a proportioning jet pump for injecting corrosion inhibitor into the water injection system at its Tananykskoye waterflood. The jet pump has no moving parts and, therefore, provides an hermetic system with zero emissions of pumped and working fluid. This pump reduces weight, dimensions, and costs compared to mechanical pumps. The paper describes jet pumping and the pump design.
Yuden, I.S. [JKX Oil and Gas, Guildford (United Kingdom); Sazanov, Y.A.; Yeliseev, V.N.; Malov, B.A. [Orenburgneft JSC, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Group combustion of liquid fuel in laminar spray jet
The present study examines the global configuration, detailed structure, and combustion characteristic of sprays under various firing conditions represented by various principal parameters including group combustion number, fuel-air mass ratio, Reynolds number, and spray angle. A system of conservation equations of spray flames in an axisymmetric configuration is solved by a finite-difference method for n-Butylbenzen (C/sub 10/H/sub 14/). An extensive spray sensitivity study reveals remarkable insight into the group flame structure which can be adopted as a basic engineering criteria for spray flame classification. It can be used to develop practical guides for the design of atomizers and burners. Highlights of the study are described in the following. There are three principal spray group combustion modes that may occur independently in a spray burner. These combustion modes are external, internal and critical group combustion modes, according to the relative magnitude of the length of the flame and the spray jet. The external group flame, located outside the spray jet is deemed to be the principal combustion configuration of practical spray flame. Predicted spray structure of the external flame is found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. In particular, axial and radial distributions of major spray variables, droplet size, number density of droplet, concentration of fuel and oxidizer, velocities, and temperature, together with the flame contour and jet boundary are in qualitative agreement with the laboratory scale kerosene spray flame reported by Onuma and coworkers (1974, 1976). The existence of an air deficient fuel rich combustible mixture in the spray core is expected to provoke significant thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbon and also facilitate the formation of soot and particles.
Kim, H.Y.
Since the 1940's Mg-alloys have been used for military applications, from aircraft components to ground vehicles. The drive for usage was primarily availability and lightweighting of military systems. But the promise of widespread military usage was not met largely based on corrosion and flammability concerns, poor mechanical behavior and inferior ballistic response. This review paper will cover historical, current and potential future applications with a focus on scientific, engineering and social barriers relevant to integration of Mg-alloy. It will also present mechanical and physical property improvements solutions which are currently being developed to address these issues.
Mathaudhu, Suveen N.; Nyberg, Eric A.
Internal Wave Interactions with Equatorial Deep Jets. Part II: Acceleration of the Jets
What drives the equatorial deep jets is a puzzle because of their isolation from surface forcing by the intervening main pycnocline and the Equatorial Undercurrent, and from lateral boundaries by distances of tens of thousands of kilometers. It ...
Joanna E. Muench; Eric Kunze
The JET2000 Project: Aircraft Observations of the African Easterly Jet and African Easterly Waves
Scientific background and motivation for the JET2000 aircraft observing campaign that took place in West Africa during the last week of August 2000 are presented. The Met Research Flight C130 aircraft made two flights along the African easterly ...
C. D. Thorncroft; D. J. Parker; R. R. Burton; M. Diop; J. H. Ayers; H. Barjat; S. Devereau; A. Diongue; R. Dumelow; D. R. Kindred; N. M. Price; M. Saloum; C. M. Tayor; A. M. Tompkins
Gluon Polarization and Jet Production at STAR
I will discuss the most recent measurements of the inclusive jet longitudinal spin asymmetry A LL in polarized proton?proton collisions. STAR collected its largest data sample thus far 4.7? pb ?1 of integrated luminosity at an average beam polarization of ?57%
Pibero Djawotho; the STAR Collaboration
Online b-jets tagging at CDF
We propose a method to identify b-quark jets at trigger level which exploits recently increased CDF trigger system capabilities. b-quark jets identification is of central interest for the CDF high-P{sub T} physics program, and the possibility to select online b-jets enriched samples can extend the physics reaches especially for light Higgs boson searches where the H {yields} b{bar b} decay mode is dominant. Exploiting new trigger primitives provided by two recent trigger upgrades, the Level2 XFT stereo tracking and the improved Level2 cluster-finder, in conjunction with the existing Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT), we design an online trigger algorithm aimed at selecting good purity b-jets samples useful for many physics measurements, the most important being inclusive H {yields} b{bar b} searches. We discuss the performances of the proposed b-tagging algorithm which must guarantee reasonable trigger rates at luminosity greater than 2 x 10{sup 32} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} and provide high efficiency on H {yields} b{bar b} events.
Casarsa, M.; /Fermilab; Ristori, L.; /INFN, Pisa; Amerio, S.; Lucchesi, D.; Pagan Griso, S.; /INFN, Padua; Torre, S.T.; /Frascati; Cortiana, G.; /Padua U., Astron. Dept.
We consider the interaction between radiation, matter, and a magnetic field in a compact, relativistic jet. The entrained matter accelerates outward as the jet breaks out of a star or other confining medium. In some circumstances, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the magnetization of the jet is greatly reduced by an advected radiation field while the jet is optically thick to scattering. Where magnetic flux surfaces diverge rapidly, a strong outward Lorentz force develops and radiation and matter begin to decouple. The increase in magnetization is coupled to a rapid growth in Lorentz factor. We take two approaches to this problem. The first examines the flow outside the fast magnetosonic critical surface, and calculates the flow speed and the angular distribution of the radiation field over a range of scattering depths. The second considers the flow structure on both sides of the critical surface in the optically thin regime, using a relaxation method. In both approaches, we find how the terminal Lorentz factor and radial profile of the outflow depend on the radiation intensity and optical depth at breakout. The effect of bulk Compton scattering on the radiation spectrum is calculated by a Monte Carlo method, while neglecting the effects of internal dissipation. The peak of the scattered spectrum sits near the seed peak if radiation pressure dominates the acceleration, but is pushed to a higher frequency if the Lorentz force dominates. The unscattered seed radiation can form a distinct, low-frequency component of the spectrum, especially if the magnetic Poynting flux dominates.
Russo, Matthew [Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7 (Canada); Thompson, Christopher [Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8 (Canada)
Solid oxide fuel cells for stationary, mobile, and military applications.
Among all designs of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the most progress has been achieved with the tubular design. However, the electrical resistance of tubular SOFCs is high, and specific power output (W/cm2) and volumetric power density (W/cm3) are low. These low power densities make tubular SOFCs suitable only for stationary power generation and not very attractive for mobile applications. Planar SOFCs, in contrast, are capable of achieving very high power densities. Additionally, sizeable cost reductions are possible through a concept called''mass customization'' that is being pursued in the U.S. Department of Energy's Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA). This concept involves the development a 3-10 kW size core planar SOFC module that can be mass produced and then combined for different size applications in stationary power generation, transportation, and military market sectors, thus eliminating the need to produce custom-designed and inherently more expensive fuel cell stacks to meet a specific power rating. This paper discusses the recent work at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in support of the design and development of low-cost modular SOFC systems using lower temperature, anode-supported SOFCs.
Singhal, Subhash C. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
Energy efficiency in military housing: Monitoring to support revitalization guidebook
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is working with the US Army, the US Air Force, and the US Department of Energy to develop a guidebook to be used by architectural and engineering firms in the design phases of military family housing revitalization projects. The purpose of the guidebook is to ensure that energy efficiency is properly addressed in revitalization projects. Monitoring space-heating and cooling energy used in houses both before and after they are revitalized is necessary in order to assess the amount of energy saved by the revitalization process. Three different methods of conducting monitoring experiments are discussed, as well as the methods of data analysis to be used. Houses will be monitored individually using standard gas and electric meters to obtain heating and cooling data for the houses. The authors recommend conducting monitoring programs at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma, and Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, because of their project schedules and potential for savings. They do not recommend doing any monitoring at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana, because of the relatively small savings that they expect revitalization to accomplish there. They do not recommend seeking out alternative sites for monitoring because of the time required to become familiar with the installation and also because revitalization schedules at alternative sites may be no better than those at the sites they inspected.
Levins, W.P.; Ternes, M.P.
An augmented reality system for military operations in urban terrain
Many future military operations are expected to occur in urban environments. These complex, 3D battlefields introduce many challenges to the dismounted warfighter. Better situational awareness is required for effective operation in urban environments. However, delivering this information to the dismounted warfighter is extremely difficult. For example, maps draw a user's attention away from the environment and cannot directly represent the three-dimensional nature of the terrain. To overcome these difficulties, we are developing the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS). The system consists of a wearable computer, a wireless network system, and a tracked see-through head-mounted display (HMD). The computer generates graphics that, from the user's perspective, appear to be aligned with the actual environment. For example, a building could be augmented to show its name, a plan of its interior, icons to represent reported sniper locations, and the names of adjacent streets. This paper surveys the current state of development of BARS and describes ongoing research efforts. We describe four major research areas. The first is the development of an effective, efficient user interface for displaying data and processing user inputs. The second is the capability for collaboration between multiple BARS users and other systems. Third, we describe the current hardware for both a mobile and indoor prototype system. Finally, we
Mark A. Livingston; Mark A. Livingston; Lawrence J. Rosenblum; Simon J. Julier; Dennis Brown; Yohan Baillot; J. Edward; Swan Ii; Joseph L. Gabbard; Deborah Hix
A 3.3-ton military air conditioning unit has been studied experimentally in both baseline (as received) and as modified for liquid over-feeding (LOF) operation. Tne baseline test, using a proper refrigerant charge, showed the measured cooling capacity to be less than 1% off the rated capacity at 95{degrees}F ambient temperature. The test results indicate that LOF operation outperforms the baseline case over a wide ambient temperature range in terms of cooling capacity, power consumption, and system coefficient of performance (COP). At a 95{degrees}F test point, LOF operation has a cooling capacity of 51,100 BTU per hour, which is a 28.9% improvement over the baseline operation capacity of 39,600 BTU per hour. The COP for LOF at 95{degrees}F is 2.62, which is 29% better than the baseline COP of 2.03. However, an optimal refrigerant charge is essential for LOF to work properly.
Mei, V.C.; Chen, F.C.
GRR/Section 13-FD-b - Military Land Evaluation | Open Energy Information
b - Military Land Evaluation b - Military Land Evaluation < GRR Jump to: navigation, search GRR-logo.png GEOTHERMAL REGULATORY ROADMAP Roadmap Home Roadmap Help List of Sections Section 13-FD-b - Military Land Evaluation 13FDBMilitaryLandEvaluationProcess (1).pdf Click to View Fullscreen Contact Agencies United States Department of Defense Fish and Wildlife Service Regulations & Policies Sikes Act 10 USC 2684a - Agreements to limit encroachments and other constraints on military training, testing and operations Triggers None specified Click "Edit With Form" above to add content 13FDBMilitaryLandEvaluationProcess (1).pdf Error creating thumbnail: Page number not in range. Error creating thumbnail: Page number not in range. Error creating thumbnail: Page number not in range. Flowchart Narrative
EA-1606: Proposed Use of Savannah River Site Lands for Military Training,
06: Proposed Use of Savannah River Site Lands for Military 06: Proposed Use of Savannah River Site Lands for Military Training, South Carolina EA-1606: Proposed Use of Savannah River Site Lands for Military Training, South Carolina Summary This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of a proposal for the Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security to use the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, South Carolina, for military training purposes. For more information, contact: Mr. Andrew R. Grainger NEPA Compliance Officer U. S. Department of Energy Savannah River Operations Office Building 730-1B, Room 3150 Aiken, SC 29808 Telephone: 803-952-8001 Fax/telephone: 1-800-881-7292 Electronic mail: email@example.com Public Comment Opportunities No public comment opportunities available at this time. Documents Available for Download
Net Zero Energy Military Installations: A Guide to Assessment and Planning
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
In 2008, DoD and DOE defined a joint initiative to address military energy use by identifying specific actions to reduce energy demand and increase use of renewable energy on DoD installations.
17.953 U.S. Military Budget and Force Planning, Fall 2004
The United States is spending about $400 billion this year on national defense, some $40 billion on homeland security, and $85 billion on military operations and nation-building in Iraq and Afghanistan. This course is for ...
Williams, Cindy
recessn.html), and crude oil price histories are from thea long history of estimates of the military costs of oil usehistory: Received 7 May 2007 Accepted 3 March 2008 Available online 21 April 2008 Keywords: Oil
Delucchi, Mark; Murphy, James
Optimization-based routing and scheduling of IED-detection assets in contemporary military operations
Improvised Explosive Devices, or IEDs, have become a familiar and lethal part of contemporary military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, producing more casualties than any other weapons system. One reason for their success ...
Marks, Christopher E. (Christopher Edward)
Regime legitimacy and military resilience : lessons from World War II and Yugoslavia
This thesis argues that regime legitimacy creates military resilience. A regime is legitimate when its constituents believe-whether because of ideological solidarity, patriotism, nationalism, or good governance-that a ...
Russell, Jacob Hale
Essays using military-induced variation to study social interactions, human capital development, and labor markets
This dissertation consists of four empirical studies, each using military-induced variation to examine various aspects of human capital production and the U.S. labor market. The first two chapters study the effects of ...
Lyle, David S. (David Stephen), 1971-
Negative mood endures after completion of high-altitude military training
of High-Altitude Military Training Wayne A. Bardwell, Ph.D.mood effects strenuous training would have on Marines, whatdays after completion of training, and how mood scores would
Bardwell, Wayne A; Ensign, Wayne Y; Mills, Paul J
Politicized armies, militarized politics : civil-military relations in Turkey and Greece
Despite their common Ottoman heritage, Greece and Turkey have diverged widely in their modem history of civil-military relations. The armed forces have a long record of intervention in both countries, but there is a crucial ...
Liaras, Evangelos
Development of rapidly deployable structures for military applications : a system based approach to command post facilities
Today's battlespace is the most dynamic in recorded history. Accompanying other military improvements, Command and Control (C2) technology has also been modernized. In spite of advances in technology, it currently takes ...
Hopping, Jakob A
Magnetized and collimated millimeter scale plasma jets with astrophysical relevance
Magnetized collimated plasma jets are created in the laboratory to extend our understanding of plasma jet acceleration and collimation mechanisms with particular connection to astrophysical jets. In this study, plasma collimated jets are formed from supersonic unmagnetized flows, mimicking a stellar wind, subject to currents and magnetohydrodynamic forces. It is found that an external poloidal magnetic field, like the ones found anchored to accretion disks, is essential to stabilize the jets against current-driven instabilities. The maximum jet length before instabilities develop is proportional to the field strength and the length threshold agrees well with Kruskal-Shafranov theory. The plasma evolution is modeled qualitatively using MHD theory of current-carrying flux tubes showing that jet acceleration and collimation arise as a result of electromagnetic forces.
Brady, Parrish C.; Quevedo, Hernan J. [Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States); Valanju, Prashant M. [Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1060 (United States); Bengtson, Roger D.; Ditmire, Todd [Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States)
Military Construction Appropriations and Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005 (released in AEO2005)
Reports and Publications (EIA)
H.R. 4837, The Military Construction Appropriations and Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005 [19], was signed into law on October 13, 2004. The Act provides for construction to support the operations of the U.S. Armed Forces and for military family housing. It also provides funds to help citizens in Florida and elsewhere in the aftermath of multiple hurricanes and other natural disasters. In addition, it authorizes construction of an Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline.
Information Center
Understanding and predicting soot generation in turbulent non-premixed jet flames.
This report documents the results of a project funded by DoD's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) on the science behind development of predictive models for soot emission from gas turbine engines. Measurements of soot formation were performed in laminar flat premixed flames and turbulent non-premixed jet flames at 1 atm pressure and in turbulent liquid spray flames under representative conditions for takeoff in a gas turbine engine. The laminar flames and open jet flames used both ethylene and a prevaporized JP-8 surrogate fuel composed of n-dodecane and m-xylene. The pressurized turbulent jet flame measurements used the JP-8 surrogate fuel and compared its combustion and sooting characteristics to a world-average JP-8 fuel sample. The pressurized jet flame measurements demonstrated that the surrogate was representative of JP-8, with a somewhat higher tendency to soot formation. The premixed flame measurements revealed that flame temperature has a strong impact on the rate of soot nucleation and particle coagulation, but little sensitivity in the overall trends was found with different fuels. An extensive array of non-intrusive optical and laser-based measurements was performed in turbulent non-premixed jet flames established on specially designed piloted burners. Soot concentration data was collected throughout the flames, together with instantaneous images showing the relationship between soot and the OH radical and soot and PAH. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for ethylene combustion, including fuel-rich chemistry and benzene formation steps, was compiled, validated, and reduced. The reduced ethylene mechanism was incorporated into a high-fidelity LES code, together with a moment-based soot model and models for thermal radiation, to evaluate the ability of the chemistry and soot models to predict soot formation in the jet diffusion flame. The LES results highlight the importance of including an optically-thick radiation model to accurately predict gas temperatures and thus soot formation rates. When including such a radiation model, the LES model predicts mean soot concentrations within 30% in the ethylene jet flame.
Wang, Hai (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA); Kook, Sanghoon; Doom, Jeffrey; Oefelein, Joseph Charles; Zhang, Jiayao; Shaddix, Christopher R.; Schefer, Robert W.; Pickett, Lyle M.
A Comprehensive Program for Measurement of Military Aircraft Emissions
Emissions of gases and particulate matter by military aircraft were characterized inplume by 'extractive' and 'optical remote-sensing (ORS)' technologies. Non-volatile particle size distribution, number and mass concentrations were measured with good precision and reproducibly. Time-integrated particulate filter samples were collected and analyzed for smoke number, elemental composition, carbon contents, and sulfate. Observed at EEP the geometric mean diameter (as measured by the mobility diameter) generally increased as the engine power setting increased, which is consistent with downstream observations. The modal diameters at the downstream locations are larger than that at EEP at the same engine power level. The results indicate that engine particles were processed by condensation, for example, leading to particle growth in-plume. Elemental analysis indicated little metals were present in the exhaust, while most of the exhaust materials in the particulate phase were carbon and sulfate (in the JP-8 fuel). CO, CO{sub 2}, NO, NO{sub 2}, SO{sub 2}, HCHO, ethylene, acetylene, propylene, and alkanes were measured. The last five species were most noticeable under engine idle condition. The levels of hydrocarbons emitted at high engine power level were generally below the detection limits. ORS techniques yielded real-time gaseous measurement, but the same techniques could not be extended directly to ultrafine particles found in all engine exhausts. The results validated sampling methodology and measurement techniques used for non-volatile particulate aircraft emissions, which also highlighted the needs for further research on sampling and measurement for volatile particulate matter and semi-volatile species in the engine exhaust especially at the low engine power setting.
Cheng, Mengdawn [ORNL
Science Accelerator content now includes multimedia
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Science Accelerator content now includes multimedia Science Accelerator has expanded its suite of collections to include ScienceCinema, which contains videos produced by the U.S....
Transmission Line Analogy for Relativistic Poynting-Flux Jets
Radio emission, polarization, and Faraday rotation maps of the radio jet of the galaxy 3C 303 have shown that one knot of this jet carries a {\\it galactic}-scale electric current and that it is magnetically dominated. We develop the theory of magnetically dominated or Poynting-flux jets by making an analogy of a Poynting jet with a transmission line or waveguide carrying a net current and having a potential drop across it (from the jet's axis to its radius) and a definite impedance which we derive. Time-dependent but not necessarily small perturbations of a Poynting-flux jet are described by the "telegrapher's equations." These predict the propagation speed of disturbances and the effective wave impedance for forward and backward propagating wave components. A localized disturbance of a Poynting jet gives rise to localized dissipation in the jet which may explain the enhanced synchrotron radiation in the knots of the 3C 303 jet, and also in the apparently stationary knot HST-1 in the jet near the nucleus of t...
Lovelace, R V E
Cryogenic target formation using cold gas jets
A method and apparatus using cold gas jets for producing a substantially uniform layer of cryogenic materials on the inner surface of hollow spherical members having one or more layers, such as inertially imploded targets are disclosed. By vaporizing and quickly refreezing cryogenic materials contained within a hollow spherical member, a uniform layer of the materials is formed on an inner surface of the spherical member. Basically the method involves directing cold gas jets onto a spherical member having one or more layers or shells and containing the cryogenic material, such as a deuterium-tritium (DT) mixture, to freeze the contained material, momentarily heating the spherical member so as to vaporize the contained material, and quickly refreezing the thus vaporized material forming a uniform layer of cryogenic material on an inner surface of the spherical member. 4 figs.
Hendricks, C.D.
Event-by-event jet quenching
High momentum jets and hadrons can be used as probes for the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formed in nuclear collisions at high energies. We investigate the influence of fluctuations in the fireball on jet quenching observables by comparing propagation of light quarks and gluons through averaged, smooth QGP fireballs with event-by-event jet quenching using realistic inhomogeneous fireballs. We find that the transverse momentum and impact parameter dependence of the nuclear modification factor R{sub AA} can be fit well in an event-by-event quenching scenario within experimental errors. However the transport coefficient {cflx q} extracted from fits to the measured nuclear modification factor R{sub AA} in averaged fireballs underestimates the value from event-by-event calculations by up to 50%. On the other hand, after adjusting {cflx q} to fit R{sub AA} in the event-by-event analysis we find residual deviations in the azimuthal asymmetry v{sub 2} and in two-particle correlations, that provide a possible faint signature for a spatial tomography of the fireball. We discuss a correlation function that is a measure for spatial inhomogeneities in a collision and can be constrained from data.
Fries, R.J.; Rodriguez, R.; Ramirez, E.
Ejector device for direct injection fuel jet
Disclosed is a device for increasing entrainment and mixing in an air/fuel zone of a direct fuel injection system. The device comprises an ejector nozzle in the form of an inverted funnel whose central axis is aligned along the central axis of a fuel injector jet and whose narrow end is placed just above the jet outlet. It is found that effective ejector performance is achieved when the ejector geometry is adjusted such that it comprises a funnel whose interior surface diverges about 7.degree. to about 9.degree. away from the funnel central axis, wherein the funnel inlet diameter is about 2 to about 3 times the diameter of the injected fuel plume as the fuel plume reaches the ejector inlet, and wherein the funnel length equal to about 1 to about 4 times the ejector inlet diameter. Moreover, the ejector is most effectively disposed at a separation distance away from the fuel jet equal to about 1 to about 2 time the ejector inlet diameter.
Upatnieks, Ansis (Livermore, CA)
Petroleum Gasoline & Distillate Needs Including the Energy ...
Petroleum Gasoline & Distillate Needs Including the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) Impacts
Home > Petroleum > Analysis > Petroleum Gasoline & Distillate Needs Including the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) ...
Using 1-Jettiness to Measure 2 Jets in DIS 3 Ways
We predict cross sections in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) for the production of two jets---one along the proton beam direction created by initial state radiation (ISR) and another created by final state radiation after the hard collision. Our results include fixed order corrections and a summation of large logarithms up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy in resummed perturbation theory. We make predictions for three versions of a DIS event shape 1-jettiness, each of which constrains hadronic final states to be well collimated into two jets along the beam and final-state jet directions, but which differ in their sensitivity to the transverse momentum of the ISR from the proton beam. We use the tools of soft collinear effective theory (SCET) to derive factorization theorems for these three versions of 1-jettiness. The sensitivity to the ISR gives rise to significantly different structures in the corresponding factorization theorems---for example, dependence on either the ordinary or the generalized kperp-dependent beam function. Despite the differences among 1-jettiness definitions, we show that the leading nonperturbative correction that shifts the tail region of their distributions is given by a single universal nonperturbative parameter Omega1, even accounting for hadron mass effects. Finally, we give numerical results for Q^2 and x values explored at the HERA collider, emphasizing that the target of our factorization-based analyses is to open the door for higher-precision jet phenomenology in DIS.
Daekyoung Kang; Christopher Lee; Iain W. Stewart
Improved understanding and control of high-speed jet interaction flows
A numerical study of the flow field generated by injection through diamondshaped orifices into a high-speed flow is presented in this document. Jet interaction flows have a wide range of applications in the field of engineering. These applications include the use of jets for fuel injection in scramjets, for reaction control of high-speed aerodynamic bodies and as cooling jets for skins of high-speed vehicles. A necessary requirement in the use of transverse jets for these and other applications is a thorough understanding of the physics of the interaction between the jet and freestream. This interaction generates numerous flow structures that include multiple shocks, vortices, recirculation regions and shear layers. This study involves diamond-shaped orifices that have the advantage of generating weaker or attached interaction shocks as compared to circular injectors. These injectors also negate the effects due to the recirculation region that is formed upstream of the injector. This study was undertaken in order to gain further understanding of the flow features generated by diamond-shaped injectors in a high-speed flow. Numerical simulations were performed using two different levels of turbulence models. Reynolds? Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations were performed using the GASP flow solver while Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) runs were performed using the Cobalt flow solver. A total of fifteen diamond injector simulations were performed using the RANS model for a 15 half-angle diamond injector. The fifteen simulations spanned over five different injection angles and three jet total pressures. In addition to these, two circular injector simulations were also performed. In addition, low pressure normal injection through diamond and circular orifices simulations were performed using DES. Results obtained from CFD were compared to available experimental data. The resulting flow structure and the turbulent properties of the flow were examined in detail. The normal injection case through the diamond-shaped orifice at the lowest jet total pressure was defined as the baseline case and is presented in detail. In order to study the effect of different components of the vorticity transport equation, an in-house code was used post-process the results from the RANS runs.
Srinivasan, Ravichandra
Composition, collimation, contamination: the jet of Cygnus X-1
We model the observed size and brightness of the VLBA radio core of the jet in Cygnus X-1 to derive an expression for the jet power as a function of basic jet parameters. We apply this expression to recent constraints on the jet power from observations of a large scale shocked shell around the source by Gallo et al. 2005, which leads us to a set of alternative conclusions: either (a) the jet contains large amounts of protons: more than 2000 protons per radio emitting electron, (b) it has a very low radio volume filling factor of f source of the kinetic energy powering the ISM shell, or (d) its asymptotic behavior differs fundamentally from a broad set of plausible analytic jet models.
Sebastian Heinz
Dynamics of quasi-two-dimensional turbulent jets
they can provide, jets have been used in various indus- trial applications, such as waste water disposal (Yannopoulos, 2006), chemical reactors (Jirka & Harleman, 1979), or as a means of propulsion (Stanley, Sarkar & Mellado, 2002). In geophysical flows... .1 Introduction The study of turbulent plane jets is relevant to a wide variety of problems where both qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the concentration in time and space of tracers transported by the jet is needed (Kotsovinos, 1975). In many industrial...
Landel, Julien Rémy Dominique Gérard
Neutralization of H/sup -/ beams with gas jets
A test facility was constructed to create a compact curtain-shaped gas jet as a first-generation operational neutralizer for the 150 keV H/sup -/ beam. Different gases and vapors were considered, their optimum target thicknesses and neutralization efficiencies with respect to beam energies were explored. Two techniques of gas jet formation were compared. Multiparallel-channel effusive jets of CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/ were selected as test candidates.
Lam, C.K.
We use frequency-dependent position shifts of flat-spectrum radio cores to estimate the kinetic power of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets. We find a correlation between the derived jet powers and AGN narrow-line luminosity, consistent with the well-known relation for radio galaxies and steep spectrum quasars. This technique can be applied to intrinsically weak jets even at high redshift.
Shabala, S. S.; Santoso, J. S. [School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37, Hobart, TAS 7001 (Australia); Godfrey, L. E. H. [International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 (Australia)
A computational study of highly viscous impinging jets
Two commercially-available computational fluid dynamics codes, FIDAP (Fluent, Inc., Lebanon, NH) and FLOW-3D (Flow Science, Inc., Los Alamos, NM), were used to simulate the landing region of jets of highly viscous fluids impinging on flat surfaces. The volume-of-fluid method was combined with finite difference and finite element approaches to predict the jet behavior. Several computational models with varying degrees of physical realism were developed, and the results were compared with experimental observations. In experiments, the jet exhibited several complex behaviors. As soon as it exited the nozzle, the jet began to neck down and become narrower. When it impacted the solid surface, the jet developed an instability near the impact point and buckled to the side. This buckling became a spiraling motion, and the jet spiraled about the impact point. As the jet spiraled around, a cone-shaped pile was build up which eventually became unstable and slumped to the side. While all of these behaviors were occurring, air bubbles, or voids, were being entrapped in the fluid pool. The results obtained from the FLOW-3D models more closely matched the behavior of real jets than the results obtained from /the FIDAP models. Most of the FLOW-3D models predicted all of the significant jet behaviors observed in experiments: necking, buckling, spiraling, slumping, and void entrapment. All of the FIDAP models predicted that the jet would buckle relatively far from the point of impact, whereas the experimentally observed jet behavior indicates that the jets buckle much nearer the impact point. Furthermore, it was shown that FIDAP is incapable of incorporating heat transfer effects into the model, making it unsuitable for this work.
Silva, M.W. [Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Francis H. Smith: architect of antebellum southern military schools and educational reform
This study examines the historical significance of the Virginia Military Institute�s (VMI) first superintendent, Francis Henney Smith, and his influence not only at his home institution but also on his broader social, educational, and political importance. Historiography neglects to credit or identify Smith�s contributions to the notable expansion of military education in the antebellum South and his influence beyond VMI. Not only did he play a key role in the developing of Southern military education, but overwhelming evidence indicates that the growth of these schools in the South would not have happened without Smith acting as an influential father figure. He provided the structure, ideology and pedagogical models of these institutions and advised, guided and inspired nearly every other Southern military school in the two decades preceding the Civil War. Moreover, his innovations spread far beyond those of military schools as he promoted a new vision for Virginia and the South, one in which independence could be established through intellectual solidarity by creating a society centered on education. As a West Point graduate, Smith structured VMI on the Sylvanus Thayer educational model and sought to promote this system throughout every school in Virginia and the South, both in military and non-military institutions. He also created a network of like-minded academics, mostly with alumni from the U.S. Military Academy who launched a movement to encourage a more practical education in the South, focusing on mathematics, engineering and the sciences. VMI graduates would also spread Smith�s academic gospel throughout the state and region as he encouraged them to serve their republic as teachers rather than soldiers. In spite of the popularity of his reforms and ideologies, Smith contended with the challenges of the volatile nature of antebellum Virginia politics as well as the social constructs of his native South, particularly in the forms of honor and masculinity demonstrated by his cadets. The outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 temporarily destroyed his dreams improving VMI on the model of the most advanced scientific institutions in Europe as the Institute converted to an exclusively military mission to serve the Confederacy.
Injection Molding of Tungsten Powder Treated by Jet Mill
Tungsten powder was firstly treated by jet mill, resulting in the improvement of ... and Welding Conditions of Monopile and Transition for Offshore Wind Plant.
Shattering Kraft Recovery Boiler Smelt by a Steam Jet.
??Kraft recovery boiler smelt is shattered into small droplets by an impinging steam jet to prevent smelt-water explosions in the dissolving tank. Inadequate shattering increases… (more)
Taranenko, Anton
Simulations of Jets Driven by Black Hole Rotation
The origin of jets emitted from black holes is not well understood, however there are two possible energy sources, the accretion disk or the rotating black hole. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations show a well-defined jet that extracts energy from a black hole. If plasma near the black hole is threaded by large-scale magnetic flux, it will rotate with respect to asymptotic infinity creating large magnetic stresses. These stresses are released as a relativistic jet at the expense of black hole rotational energy. The physics of the jet initiation in the simulations is described by the theory of black hole gravitohydromagnetics.
Vladimir Semenov; Sergey Dyadechkin; Brian Punsly
Electronic spectroscopy of jet-cooled combustion radicals. Final report
Jet-cooled spectra of 1-methylvinoxy and 2-methylvinoxy are reported and analyzed with help from high-level electronic structure calculations.
Weisshaar, James C.
Relativistic Poynting-Flux Jets as Transmission Lines
Recent radio emission, polarization, and Faraday rotation maps of the radio jet of the galaxy 3C 303 have shown that one knot of this jet has a {\\it galactic}-scale electric current of $\\sim 3\\times 10^{18}$ Amp\\`ere flowing along the jet axis (Kronberg et al. 2011). We develop the theory of relativistic Poynting-flux jets which are modeled as a transmission line carrying a DC current $I_0$, having a potential drop $V_0$, and a definite impedance ${\\cal Z}_0 =90(u_z/c)\\Omega$, where $u_z$ is the bulk velocity of the jet plasma. The electromagnetic energy flow in the jet is ${\\cal Z}_0 I_0^2$. The observed current in 3C 303 can be used to calculate the electromagnetic energy flow in this magnetically dominated jet. Time-dependent but not necessarily small perturbations of a Poynting-flux jet - possibly triggered by a gas cloud penetrating the jet - are described by "telegrapher's equations," which predict the propagation speed of disturbances and the effective wave impedance ${\\cal Z}$. The disturbance of a Po...
Lovelace, R V E; Kronberg, P P
Thermal Behavior of a Hot Moving Steel Plate during Jet ...
Presentation Title, Thermal Behavior of a Hot Moving Steel Plate during Jet Impingement Cooling. Author(s), Amir Hossein Nobari, Vladan Prodanovic, ...
We study the collimation of a highly magnetized jet by a surrounding cocoon that forms as a result of the interaction of the jet with the external medium. We show that in regions where the jet is well confined by the cocoon, current-driven instabilities should develop over timescales shorter than the expansion time of the jet's head. We speculate that these instabilities would give rise to complete magnetic field destruction, whereby the jet undergoes a transition from high to low sigma above the collimation zone. Using this assumption, we construct a self-consistent model for the evolution of the jet-cocoon system in an ambient medium of arbitrary density profile. We apply the model to jet breakout in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and show that the jet is highly collimated inside the envelope of the progenitor star and is likely to remain confined well after breakout. We speculate that this strong confinement may provide a channel for magnetic field conversion in GRB outflows, whereby the hot, low-sigma jet section thereby produced is the source of the photospheric emission observed in many bursts.
Levinson, Amir [School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 (Israel)] [School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 (Israel); Begelman, Mitchell C., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0440 (United States)
An alternative model of jet suppression at RHIC energies
We propose a simple Glauber-type mechanism for suppression of jet production up to transverse momenta of about 10 GeV/c at RHIC. For processes in this kinematic region, the formation time is smaller than the interval between two successive hard partonic collisions and the subsequent collision influences the jet production. Number of jets then roughly scales with the number of participants. Proportionality to the number of binary collisions is recovered for very high transverse momenta. The model predicts suppression of jet production in d+Au collisions at RHIC.
Roman Lietava; Jan Pisut; Neva Pisutova; Boris Tomasik
U.S. Refinery Catalytic Hydrotreating, Kerosene/Jet Fuel ...
Cat. Hydro.. Kerosene/Jet Fuel Downstream Charge Capacity (B/SD) U.S. Downstream Charge Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries ...
Idaho Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Retail Sales by Refiners ...
Referring Pages: Idaho Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Refiner Sales Volumes; Idaho Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes of Aviation Fuels, Kerosene, ...
DOE, NREL Help DoD Enhance Energy Security (Fact Sheet), Integrated Deployment: Military, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE)
NREL Help DoD Enhance NREL Help DoD Enhance Energy Security The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are helping the U.S. government, including the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), deploy large-scale energy efficiency measures and renewable energy technologies to reduce costs, increase energy security, and meet federal mandates. As the largest energy consumer within the U.S. federal government, DoD has long recognized the strategic impor- tance of energy to its mission and is particularly challenged to address energy security, reliability, and cost concerns. DoD has more than 500 military installations encompassing nearly 2 billion square feet of space, and had an annual installations energy bill of more than $4 billion in 2010.
U.S. military action in Panama: justifying OPERATION JUST CAUSE
The project of this thesis is a moral evaluation of OPERATION JUST CAUSE, the United States' use of military force in Panama in 1989. I begin by arguing that just war theory, both in its classic and contemporary forms, needs to be revised. Present just war positions do not adequately take into account the complex, nontraditional missions that military forces are increasingly called to perform in today's ever-changing international arena. From humanitarian relief efforts in Somalia to peacekeeping missions in Kosovo, militaries today and those of the United States in particular, are serving in roles that are a sharp tactical departure from those they prepared for in the Cold War era. OPERATION JUST CAUSE is one such example of these types of nonstandard missions. I survey classic and contemporary just war theories, select and modify appropriate criteria, and restate a modified composite theory that I argue for as optimal for evaluating these new types of military actions. I then put my composite theory to the test by examining in detail U.S. motives and actions in Panama in 1989, and subsequently evaluating them against my revised criteria. Finally, given the judgment methodology that I state, I conclude that OPERATION JUST CAUSE was a justified use of military force by the United States.
Reich, Theodore Herman
Measurement of b-quark Jet Shapes at CDF
The main topic of this thesis is the measurement of b-quark jet shapes at CDF. CDF is an experiment located at Fermilab, in the United States, which studies proton-antiproton collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96TeV. To reach this energy, the particles are accelerated using the Tevatron accelerator which is currently the highest energy collider in operation. The data used for this analysis were taken between February 2002 and September 2004 and represent an integrated luminosity of about 300 pb{sup -1}. This is the first time that b-quark jet shapes have been measured at hadron colliders. The basis of this measurement lies in the possibility of enhancing the b-quark jet content of jet samples by requiring the jets to be identified as having a displaced vertex inside the jet cone. Such jets are called tagged. This enhances the b-quark jet fraction from about 5% before tagging to 20-40% after tagging, depending on the transverse momentum of the jets. I verified that it is possible to apply this secondary vertex tagging algorithm to different cone jet algorithms (MidPoint and JetClu) and different cone sizes (0.4 and 0.7). I found that the performance of the algorithm does not change significantly, as long as the sub-cone inside which tracks are considered for the tagging is kept at the default value of 0.4. Because the b-quark purity of the jets is still relatively low, it is necessary to extract the shapes of b-quark jets in a statistical manner from the jet shapes both before and after tagging. The other parameters that enter into the unfolding equation used to extract the b-quark jet shapes are the b-jet purities, the biases due to the tagging requirement both for b- and nonbjets and the hadron level corrections. The last of these terms corrects the measured b-jet shapes back to the shapes expected at hadron level which makes comparisons with theoretical models and other experimental results possible. This measurement shows that, despite relatively large systematic uncertainties, the measured b-quark jet shapes are significantly different from those expected from the so-called Pythia Tune A Monte Carlo simulation, the most widely used Leading Order Monte Carlo model at CDF. This difference can be mostly attributed to the fact that the fraction of b-quark jets that originate from flavour creation (where a single b-quark is expected inside the same jet cone) over those that originate from gluon splitting (where two b-quarks are expected to be inside the same jet cone) is slightly different in the Pythia Tune A Monte Carlo predictions than in data. This measurement can help in the tuning of the fraction of gluon splitting to flavour creation b-quark jets in the Monte Carlo simulation. This tuning is particularly important for the extrapolation up to LHC energies where many searches will involve b-quark jets. During the first year of my thesis work, I worked on the implementation of a prototype detector control system for the electromagnetic calorimeter which is being built for the CMS experiment at CERN. The prototype which I implemented was used to monitor and control the high voltage, low voltage, cooling and precision temperature monitoring systems during the summer 2003 test-beam. This was one of the first, almost complete, systems implemented and used by an LHC experiment for test-beam monitoring.
Lister, Alison; /Zurich, ETH
Scalar and Pseudoscalar Higgs Boson Plus One Jet Production at the LHC and Tevatron
The production of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson (H) in association with a jet is compared with that of the lightest scalar Higgs boson (h^0) and the pseudoscalar Higgs boson (A^0) of the Minimal Supersymmetric Model (MSSM) at both the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Fermilab Tevatron. We include both top and bottom quark loops to lowest order in QCD and investigate the limits of zero quark mass and infinite quark mass.
B. Field; S. Dawson; J. Smith
Heat transfer characteristics of circular impinging jet arrays in an annular section with cross flow effects
Jet impingement has been shown to be an effective method for enhancing convective heat transfer. There are a variety of applications of impinging jets in industry, including tempering and shaping of glass, annealing of metal and plastic sheets, cooling of electronic components and drying of paper, veneer, etc. Another application is the use of impinging jets in internal cooling channels in modern gas turbine blades. High velocity jets provide an effective way to augment the rate of heat removal from the blades to the cooling air, maintaining the blade temperatures within tolerable and metallurgical limits. This experimental research examines, for turbulent parallel and counter flows of air through an annular channel with holes for jet impingement along the inner tube, the effects of varying the geometries of the channel and the hole array, and the air flow rate, on the heat transfer distribution on the inner surfaces of the outer tube. Air enters one end of the inner tube, whose other end is closed, passes through the holes on the inner tube and exits through one end of the annular passage between the inner and outer tubes. Each hole array has inline or staggered circular holes with a given diameter and has a fixed number of holes around the circumference of the inner tube at any cross section of the annular channel. Heat transfer experiments are performed for Reynolds numbers of 5,000, 12,250 and 30,000 to determine the distribution of the regionally average Nusselt numbers along the outer tube, as a result of the impinging jets along the inner tube. Pressure measurement experiments give the pressure distributions in the airflows in the inner tube and between the inner and outer tubes. The pressure data is needed to determine the mass flow rates of the impinging jets along the inner tube. The results of the experiments are presented and discussed, the Nusselt numbers for the various cases studied are compared and major findings are reported. The results of this investigation should be particularly useful to engineers in the design of the leading edges of airfoils of modern gas turbine blades.
Mhetras, Shantanu Prakash
An overview of industry-military cooperation in the development of power
An overview of industry-military cooperation in the development of power An overview of industry-military cooperation in the development of power operations at the Coso geothermal field in southern California Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal Article: An overview of industry-military cooperation in the development of power operations at the Coso geothermal field in southern California Abstract The Coso Geothermal Field, located in east central California, hosts a world-class power-generating project that has been in continuous operation for the past 15 years. The project is located on the test and evaluation ranges of the Naval Air Weapons Station, China Lake-the Navy's premier research and development (R&D) facility for air-to-air and air-to-ground ordnance. Fully financed by private investment, the Coso geothermal power
ARPA-E and the Military Team Up on New Technologies and Summit Partnerships
and the Military Team Up on New Technologies and Summit and the Military Team Up on New Technologies and Summit Partnerships ARPA-E and the Military Team Up on New Technologies and Summit Partnerships January 31, 2013 - 1:06pm Addthis Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus speaks to attendees at the 2011 Energy Innovation Summit in Washington, DC. | Energy Department photo. Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus speaks to attendees at the 2011 Energy Innovation Summit in Washington, DC. | Energy Department photo. Alexa McClanahan Communications Support Contractor to ARPA-E What are the key facts? ARPA-E and the Navy are funding development of HVAC technology that could achieve 20-50% better fuel efficiency for soldiers in extreme conditions. Learn more about Defense Department and ARPA-E collaborations at the 2013 Energy Innovation Summit, held Feb. 25-27 outside Washington, DC.
Net Zero Energy Military Net Zero Energy Military Installations: A Guide to Assessment and Planning Samuel Booth, John Barnett, Kari Burman, Josh Hambrick and Robert Westby Technical Report NREL/TP-7A2-48876 August 2010 Technical Report Net Zero Energy Military NREL/TP-7A2-48876 Installations: A Guide to August 2010 Assessment and Planning Samuel Booth, John Barnett, Kari Burman, Josh Hambrick and Robert Westby Prepared under Task No. IDOD.1010 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
Second highest-ranking U.S. military officer gets classified briefings
U.S. military officer gets classified briefings U.S. military officer gets classified briefings Second highest-ranking U.S. military officer gets classified briefings Winnefield was at Los Alamos to receive a wide variety of classified briefings that covered the broad spectrum of national security science at the Lab. November 17, 2011 Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy
The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) recognizes the strategic importance of energy to its mission, and is working to reduce energy consumption and enhance energy self-sufficiency by drawing on local clean energy sources. A joint initiative formed between DoD and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2008 to address military energy use led to a task force to examine the potential for net zero energy military installations, which would produce as much energy on site as they consume in buildings, facilities, and fleet vehicles. This report presents an assessment and planning process to examine military installations for net zero energy potential. Net Zero Energy Installation Assessment (NZEIA) presents a systematic framework to analyze energy projects at installations while balancing other site priorities such as mission, cost, and security.
Booth, S.; Barnett, J.; Burman, K.; Hambrick, J.; Westby, R.
Modular photonic power and VCSEL-based data links for aerospace and military applications
If photonic data and power transfer links are constructed in a modular fashion, they can be easily adapted into various forms to meet a wide range of needs for aerospace and military applications. The performance specifications associated with these needs can vary widely according to application. Alignment tolerance needs also tend to vary greatly, as can requirements on power consumption. An example of a modular photonic data and/or power transfer link that can be applied to military and aerospace needs is presented. In this approach, a link is designed for low (<10 kb/s) data rates, ultra-low electrical power consumption, large alignment tolerance, and power transfer to provide complete electrical shielding in a remote module that might be found in a military or aerospace application.
Carson, R.F.
Two jet energy and rapidity distributions
The D0 detector has been recording data at the Tevatron [bar p]p Collider since May 1992. Because the D0 calorimeter is hermetic and has large acceptance it is well suited for semi-exclusive final state jet studies. We present a primary measurement of the distribution d[sup 3]N/dE[sub t1]/d[eta][sub 1]/d[eta][sub 2] at [radical]s TeV over a large range of [eta]. The sensitivity of this cross-section to parton momentum distributions and the ability of D0 to discriminate between possible parton distributions is discussed.
Blazey, G.C.
W+3 jet production at the Tevatron
We compute the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production of W bosons in association with three jets at the Tevatron in the leading color approximation, which we define by considering the number of colors and the number of light flavors as being of the same order of magnitude. The theoretical uncertainty in the next-to-leading order prediction for the cross-section is of the order of 15-25 percent which is a significant improvement compared to the leading order result.
Ellis, R Keith; Zanderighi, Giulia
R. Keith Ellis; Kirill Melnikov; Giulia Zanderighi
A DNS study on the stabilization mechanism of a turbulent lifted ethylene jet flame in highly-heated coflow
Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the near-field of a three-dimensional spatially-developing turbulent ethylene jet flame in highly-heated coflow is performed with a reduced mechanism to determine the stabilization mechanism. The DNS was performed at a jet Reynolds number of 10,000 with over 1.29 billion grid points. The results show that auto-ignition in a fuel-lean mixture at the flame base is the main source of stabilization of the lifted jet flame. The Damkoehler number and chemical explosive mode (CEM) analysis also verify that auto-ignition occurs at the flame base. In addition to auto-ignition, Lagrangian tracking of the flame base reveals the passage of large-scale flow structures and their correlation with the fluctuations of the flame base similar to a previous study (Yoo et al., J. Fluid Mech. 640 (2009) 453-481) with hydrogen/air jet flames. It is also observed that the present lifted flame base exhibits a cyclic 'saw-tooth' shaped movement marked by rapid movement upstream and slower movement downstream. This is a consequence of the lifted flame being stabilized by a balance between consecutive auto-ignition events in hot fuel-lean mixtures and convection induced by the high-speed jet and coflow velocities. This is confirmed by Lagrangian tracking of key variables including the flame-normal velocity, displacement speed, scalar dissipation rate, and mixture fraction at the stabilization point.
Yoo, Chun S [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
Missouri Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Wholesale/Resale Volume by ...
Referring Pages: Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales for Resale Refiner Sales Volumes; Missouri Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Refiner Sales Volumes; Missouri Sales for Resale ...
New Mexico Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Wholesale/Resale Volume by ...
Referring Pages: Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Sales for Resale Refiner Sales Volumes; New Mexico Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Refiner Sales Volumes; New Mexico Sales for Resale ...
Probing the Structure of Jet Driven Core-Collapse Supernova and Long Gamma Ray Burst Progenitors with High Energy Neutrinos
Times of arrival of high energy neutrinos encode information about their sources. We demonstrate that the energy-dependence of the onset time of neutrino emission in advancing relativistic jets can be used to extract important information about the supernova/gamma-ray burst progenitor structure. We examine this energy and time dependence for different supernova and gamma-ray burst progenitors, including red and blue supergiants, helium cores, Wolf-Rayet stars, and chemically homogeneous stars, with a variety of masses and metallicities. For choked jets, we calculate the cutoff of observable neutrino energies depending on the radius at which the jet is stalled. Further, we exhibit how such energy and time dependence may be used to identify and differentiate between progenitors, with as few as one or two observed events, under favorable conditions.
Imre Bartos; Basudeb Dasgupta; Szabolcs Marka
Plasma Jet Driven Magneto-Inertial Fusion (PJMIF)
National Security, LLC for NNSA LA-UR-11-07030 #12;Plasma jet experiments can provide cm National Security, LLC for NNSA Imploding plasma liner formed by 30 merging plasma jets with 1.5 MJ, LLC for NNSA MIF ICF Basko et al., Nucl. Fusion, 2000 Magnetic field reduces thermal transport
On the Disintegration of the Jet in a Plunging Breaker
An inviscid mechanism is proposed for the breakup of the jet in a plunging surface wave. Streamwise perturbations of the original surface are shown to grow rapidly owing to stretching of the thin jet and to drastic reduction in the normal ...
Michael Longuet-Higgins
Gravity waves excited by jets: Propagation versus generation R. Plougonven
Gravity waves excited by jets: Propagation versus generation R. Plougonven School of Mathematics September 2005. [1] Atmospheric jets are known to be an important source of inertia-gravity waves, yet mechanisms for the gravity waves, with the underlying assumption that the characteristics of the waves were
Plougonven, Riwal
Higgs Boson Production in Association with Three Jets
The scattering amplitudes for Higgs + 5 partons are computed, with the Higgs boson produced via gluon fusion in the large top-quark mass limit. A parton-level analysis of Higgs + 3 jet production via gluon fusion and via weak-boson fusion is presented, and the effectiveness of a central-jet veto is analysed.
V. Del Duca; A. Frizzo; F. Maltoni
Finite element analysis of the electro jet drilling process
The electro jet drilling (EJD) process is gaining prominence in the machining of micro and macro holes in difficult-to-machine materials used in aerospace, electronics and computers, medical, and automobile industries. As the trend towards miniaturization ... Keywords: electro jet drilling, electrochemical drilling, finite element method, radial overcut
M. Sen; H. S. Shan
Jet engine's speed controller with constant pressure chamber
The paper deals with an automatic system meant to control a jet engine's rotation speed, through the fuel injection's control, based on a constant pressure chamber controller. One has established the non-linear mathematical model (based on the motion ... Keywords: actuator, control, fuel injection, fuel pump, jet-engine, pressure chamber
Alexandru Nicolae Tudosie
Evaluation of Suitability of Selected Set of Department of Defense Military Bases and Department of Energy Facilities for Siting a Small Modular Reactor
This report summarizes the approach that ORNL developed for screening a sample set of US Department of Defense (DOD) military base sites and DOE sites for possible powering with an SMR; the methodology employed, including spatial modeling; and initial results for several sample sites. The objective in conducting this type of siting evaluation is demonstrate the capability to characterize specific DOD and DOE sites to identify any particular issues associated with powering the sites with an SMR using OR-SAGE; it is not intended to be a definitive assessment per se as to the absolute suitability of any particular site.
Poore III, Willis P [ORNL; Belles, Randy [ORNL; Mays, Gary T [ORNL; Omitaomu, Olufemi A [ORNL
Ammonia chemistry in a flameless jet
In this paper, the nitrogen chemistry in an ammonia (NH{sub 3}) doped flameless jet is investigated using a kinetic reactor network model. The reactor network model is used to explain the main differences in ammonia chemistry for methane (CH{sub 4})-containing fuels and methane-free fuels. The chemical pathways of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) formation and destruction are identified using rate-of-production analysis. The results show that in the case of natural gas, ammonia reacts relatively late at fuel lean condition leading to high NO{sub x} emissions. In the pre-ignition zone, the ammonia chemistry is blocked due to the absence of free radicals which are consumed by methane-methyl radical (CH{sub 3}) conversion. In the case of methane-free gas, the ammonia reacted very rapidly and complete decomposition was reached in the fuel rich region of the jet. In this case the necessary radicals for the ammonia conversion are generated from hydrogen (H{sub 2}) oxidation. (author)
Zieba, Mariusz; Schuster, Anja; Scheffknecht, Guenter [Institute of Process Engineering and Power Plant Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 23, D-70569 Stuttgart (Germany); Brink, Anders; Hupa, Mikko [Process Chemistry Centre, Aabo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Aabo (Finland)
Fort Campbell, Kentucky A Forester position is available with the Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands. This position is
and Forest Management Plan. · Integrate military training support with habitat management, sustainable timber · Experience in the design and execution of forest inventories · Experience in forest inventory data analysis for Environmental Management of Military Lands. This position is located at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. ORGANIZATION
NETL: News Release - Jet Engine Successful in Fighting Mine Fire
2, 2003 2, 2003 Jet Engine Successful in Fighting Mine Fire Energy Department's Assistance Brings West Virginia Coal Miners Back To Work One Year Early - Australian Jet Engine Successfully Fights West Virginia Mine Fire - By blowing its exhaust into the underground mine, the modified jet engine was able to snuff out the mine fire much faster than traditional methods. FAIRVIEW, WV - A modified jet engine has been used to successfully fight a West Virginia mine fire that had been burning for nearly two months and was the cause of 300 employees being temporarily laid off when mine operations were idled. Positioned at the mouth of the one of the mineshafts, the jet engine was used to blow water vapor and inert gases into the mine to smother the fire by creating an inert environment underground. It was the
Inductive and Electrostatic Acceleration in Relativistic Jet-Plasma Interactions
We report on the observation of rapid particle acceleration in numerical simulations of relativistic jet-plasma interactions and discuss the underlying mechanisms. The dynamics of a charge-neutral, narrow, electron-positron jet propagating through an unmagnetized electron-ion plasma was investigated using a three-dimensional, electromagnetic, particle-in-cell computer code. The interaction excited magnetic filamentation as well as electrostatic (longitudinal) plasma instabilities. In some cases, the longitudinal electric fields generated inductively and electrostatically reached the cold plasma wave-breaking limit, and the longitudinal momentum of about half the positrons increased by 50% with a maximum gain exceeding a factor of two. The results are relevant to understanding the micro-physics at the interface region of an astrophysical jet with the interstellar plasma, for example, the edge of a wide jet or the jet-termination point.
Ng, Johnny S.T.; Noble, Robert J.; /SLAC
The evolution of magnetic tower jets in the laboratory
The evolution of laboratory produced magnetic jets is followed numerically through three-dimensional, non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The experiments are designed to study the interaction of a purely toroidal field with an extended plasma background medium. The system is observed to evolve into a structure consisting of an approximately cylindrical magnetic cavity with an embedded magnetically confined jet on its axis. The supersonic expansion produces a shell of swept-up shocked plasma which surrounds and partially confines the magnetic tower. Currents initially flow along the walls of the cavity and in the jet but the development of current-driven instabilities leads to the disruption of the jet and a re-arrangement of the field and currents. The top of the cavity breaks-up and a well collimated, radiatively cooled, 'clumpy' jet emerges from the system.
A. Ciardi; S. V. Lebedev; A. Frank; E. G. Blackman; J. P. Chittenden; C. J. Jennings; D. J. Ampleford; S. N. Bland; S. C. Bott; J. Rapley; G. N. Hall; F. A. Suzuki-Vidal; A. Marocchino; T. Lery; C. Stehle
Open cycle OTEC system with falling jet evaporator and condenser
A configuration for the open cycle (OC) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system is presented incorporating a countercurrent falling jet evaporator and a concurrent falling jet condenser. The parameters governing performance of the proposed configuration are discussed and the sizing of equipment for a 100-MWe net power output OC OTEC plant is performed, based on recent experimental falling jet heat and mass transfer results. The performance of an OC OTEC plant with falling jet evaporator-condenser is compared with the Westinghouse conceptual design that uses an open-channel evaporator and a surface condenser. Preliminary calculations indicate that falling jet heat and mass transfer, when applied in the proposed configuration, leads to a very simple and compact plant assembly resulting in substantial capital cost savings.
Kogan, A.; Johnson, D. H.; Green, H. J.; Olson, D. A.
Gravitational Wave Memory of Gamma-Ray Burst Jets
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are now considered as relativistic jets. We analyze the gravitational waves from the acceleration stage of the GRB jets. We show that (i) the point mass approximation is not appropriate if the opening half-angle of the jet is larger than the inverse of the Lorentz factor of the jet, (ii) the gravitational waveform has many step function like jumps, and (iii) the practical DECIGO and BBO may detect such an event if the GRBs occur in Local group of galaxy. We found that the light curve of GRBs and the gravitational waveform are anti-correlated so that the detection of the gravitational wave is indispensable to determine the structure of GRB jets.
Norichika Sago; Kunihito Ioka; Takashi Nakamura; Ryo Yamazaki
Measurement of jet multiplicity in top pair events
The normalized differential $t\\bar t$ cross section in jet multiplicity bins is presented, measured in proton-proton collisions using 5.0~fb$^{-1}$ of data collected at $\\sqrt{s}$ = 7~\\TeV. The analysis is performed in the electron + jets and the muon + jets channels. The jet multiplicity distribution is sensitive to initial state radiation. A comparison of the data with different Monte Carlo generators is shown. After background subtraction, the data are in agreement with $t\\bar t$ signal Monte Carlo distributions. Additionally, the measurement of the top quark pair differential cross-section in the number of radiated additional hard partons in the muon + jets channel is presented. The measured fractions of events with $t\\bar t$ + 0, 1, and $\\geq$ 2 additional partons are in good agreement with different Monte Carlo predictions.
CMS Collaboration
We propose a model to explain the ultra-bright GeV gamma-ray flares observed from the blazar 3C454.3. The model is based on the concept of a relativistic jet interacting with compact gas condensations produced when a star (a red giant) crosses the jet close to the central black hole. The study includes an analytical treatment of the evolution of the envelope lost by the star within the jet, and calculations of the related high-energy radiation. The model readily explains the day-long that varies on timescales of hours, GeV gamma-ray flare from 3C454.3, observed during 2010 November on top of a plateau lasting weeks. In the proposed scenario, the plateau state is caused by a strong wind generated by the heating of the stellar atmosphere due to nonthermal particles accelerated at the jet-star interaction region. The flare itself could be produced by a few clouds of matter lost by the red giant after the initial impact of the jet. In the framework of the proposed scenario, the observations constrain the key model parameters of the source, including the mass of the central black hole: M{sub BH} {approx_equal} 10{sup 9} M{sub Sun }, the total jet power: L{sub j} {approx_equal} 10{sup 48} erg s{sup -1}, and the Doppler factor of the gamma-ray emitting clouds: {delta} {approx_equal} 20. Whereas we do not specify the particle acceleration mechanisms, the potential gamma-ray production processes are discussed and compared in the context of the proposed model. We argue that synchrotron radiation of protons has certain advantages compared to other radiation channels of directlyaccelerated electrons. An injected proton distribution {proportional_to}E {sup -1} or harder below the relevant energies would be favored to alleviate the tight energetic constraints and to avoid the violation of the observational low-energy constraints.
Khangulyan, D. V. [Institute of Space and Astronautical Science/JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 (Japan); Barkov, M. V. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Bosch-Ramon, V. [Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICC), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Marti i Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona (Spain); Aharonian, F. A. [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2 (Ireland); Dorodnitsyn, A. V. [Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States)
Acid Placement in Acid Jetting Treatments in Long Horizontal Wells
In the Middle East, extended reach horizontal wells (on the order of 25,000 feet of horizontal displacement) are commonly acid stimulated by jetting acid out of drill pipe. The acid is jetted onto the face of the openhole wellbore as the drill pipe is withdrawn from the well. The jetting action helps to remove the drilling fluid filter cake and promote the acid to penetrate into the formation and form wormholes to stimulate the well. However, with very long sections of wellbore open to flow, the acid placement and subsequent wormhole distribution and penetration depths are uncertain. This study has modeled the acid jetting process using a comprehensive model of acid placement and wormhole propagation in a horizontal well. It is presumed that the acid jetting tool removes the drilling mud filter cake, so that no filter cake exists between the end of the drill pipe and the toe of the well. Correspondingly, the model also assumes that there is an intact, low-permeability filter cake on the borehole wall between the end of the drill pipe and the heel of the well. The drill pipe is modeled as being withdrawn from the well during the acid jetting treatment, as is done in practice. The acidizing simulator predicts the distribution of acid and the depths of wormholes formed as functions of time and position during the acid jetting treatment. The model shows that the acid jetting process as typically applied in these wells preferentially stimulates the toe region of the horizontal well. Comparisons of the simulation predictions with published data for acid jetting treatments in such wells showed good general agreement. Based on the simulation study, this study presents recommendations for improved acid jetting treatment procedures to improve the distribution of acid injected into the formation.
Sasongko, Hari
jet-compressible-gas-july25.tex 1 Liquid jet in a high Mach number air stream
jet-compressible-gas-july25.tex 1 Liquid jet in a high Mach number air stream T.Funada, D velocity airstream is studied assuming that the flow of the viscous gas and liquid is irrotational for the perturbations which depend on all the material properties of the incompressible liquid and compressible gas
Joseph, Daniel D.
Gas storage materials, including hydrogen storage materials
A material for the storage and release of gases comprises a plurality of hollow elements, each hollow element comprising a porous wall enclosing an interior cavity, the interior cavity including structures of a solid-state storage material. In particular examples, the storage material is a hydrogen storage material such as a solid state hydride. An improved method for forming such materials includes the solution diffusion of a storage material solution through a porous wall of a hollow element into an interior cavity.
Mohtadi, Rana F; Wicks, George G; Heung, Leung K; Nakamura, Kenji
Cooperation and Collaboration among the Nation's Meteorology, Oceanography, and Satellite Operational Processing Centers: An Evolving Era in U.S. Civilian-Military Partnerships
The United States has several meteorological, oceanographic, and satellite operational processing centers (OPCS) in the military and civilian sectors. Separate cooperative and complementary military and civilian OPCs provide sufficient redundancy ...
Robert J. Dumont; Cynthia A. Nelson; Donald G. Caviness; Carl D. Thormeyer; David L. Martin; John J. Pereira
Advanced thermally stable jet fuels. Technical progress report, April 1995--June 1995
Research continued on thermally stable jet fuel from coal liquids and petroleum distillates. The oxidative and thermal stabilities of ten fuels have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and in microautoclave reactors. The compositions of the stressed fuels (as well as the unreacted fuels) were characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In addition, simulated distillation curves were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The product distributions and reaction mechanisms for the thermal decomposition of n-alkanes in near-critical and supercritical regions were studied. The emphasis of the work in this reporting period has been placed on reaction mechanisms and product distributions. Work is continuing on obtaining additional {sup 13}C-labeled jet fuel components for future thermal stressing studies. Compounds of current interest include 6-{sup 13}C-dodecane and 1-cyclohexyl-1-{sup 13}C-hexane. Further analysis of the formation of solids from the thermal stressing of decane and decalin has been performed.
Schobert, H.H.; Eser, S.; Boehman, A.; Song, C. [and others
Direct numerical simulation of temporally evolving luminous jet flames with detailed fuel and soot chemistry
Direct numerical simulations of 2D temporally-evolving luminous turbulent ethylene-air jet diffusion flames are performed using a high-order compressible Navier-Stokes solver. The simulations use a reduced mechanism derived from a detailed ethylene-air chemical kinetic mechanism that includes the reaction pathways for the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The gas-phase chemistry is coupled with a detailed soot particle model based on the method of moments with interpolative closure that accounts for soot nucleation, coagulation, surface growth through HACA mechanism, and oxidation. Radiative heat transfer of CO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}O, and soot is treated by solving the radiative transfer equation using the discrete transfer method. This work presents preliminary results of radiation effects on soot dynamics at the tip of a jet diffusion flame with a particular focus on soot formation/oxidation.
Sankaran, Ramanan [ORNL
The Optimizing-Simulator: An Illustration Using the Military Airlift Problem
and WARREN B. POWELL Princeton University and ALAN WHISMAN Air Mobility Command Retired There have been two, optimizing-simulator ACM Reference Format: Wu, T. T., Powell, W. B., and Whisman, A. 2009. The optimizing-simulator: An illustration using the military airlift problem. ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul., 19, 3, Article 14 (June 2009
Powell, Warren B.
The future of components for high reliability military and space applications
Military specified, ceramic packaged and radiation hardened components will disappear before the end of the century. The only long-term sustainable alternative may well be to use plastic packaged Commercial Components. The material in this report comes from the Defense Logistics Agency sponsored Plastic Package Availability Program and from an AT and T field reliability study. It summarizes Case Studies from companies which have been building and fielding highly reliable commercial and DOD military systems using plastic commercial components. Findings are, that when properly selected commercial components are operated within the true limitations of their design and packaging, they are as reliable as today`s Mil Spec components. Further, they offer cost, space and weight savings, shared manufacturing and field test experience with industry, and access to the most modern technology. Also reported are potential problems that may be encountered when using commercial components, their long term storage and use reliability characteristics, recommended design processes and supplier selection practices, commercial best business practices, and a semiconductor manufacturer`s view of the military`s switch to commercial plastic microcircuits.
Hanlon, J.T. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Component Information and Management Dept.
Applying advanced user models and input technologies to augment military simulation-based training
The paper presents the current state of requirement specification for an initiative based tactics virtual training environment. The methodology for collecting requirements followed three concurrent processes of task analysis, simulated firearms specification, ... Keywords: agent-based combat modeling, exercises, military operations, requirements, simulation and modeling for acquisition, simulation/exercise integration, simulations in training, training, training (SMART), virtual training environment
Bruno Emond; Hélčne Fournier; Jean-François Lapointe
Intentionally Including - Engaging Minorities in Physics Careers |
Intentionally Including - Engaging Minorities in Physics Careers Intentionally Including - Engaging Minorities in Physics Careers Intentionally Including - Engaging Minorities in Physics Careers April 24, 2013 - 4:37pm Addthis Joining Director Dot Harris (second from left) were Marlene Kaplan, the Deputy Director of Education and director of EPP, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Claudia Rankins, a Program Officer with the National Science Foundation and Jim Stith, the past Vice-President of the American Institute of Physics Resources. Joining Director Dot Harris (second from left) were Marlene Kaplan, the Deputy Director of Education and director of EPP, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Claudia Rankins, a Program Officer with the National Science Foundation and Jim Stith, the past Vice-President of the
Transmission line including support means with barriers
A gas insulated transmission line includes an elongated outer sheath, a plurality of inner conductors disposed within and extending along the outer sheath, and an insulating gas which electrically insulates the inner conductors from the outer sheath. A support insulator insulatably supports the inner conductors within the outer sheath, with the support insulator comprising a main body portion including a plurality of legs extending to the outer sheath, and barrier portions which extend between the legs. The barrier portions have openings therein adjacent the main body portion through which the inner conductors extend.
Cookson, Alan H. (Pittsburgh, PA)
DISASTER POLICY Including Extreme Emergent Situations (EES)
on the ACGME website with information relating to the ACGME response to the disaster. 3. The University-specific Program Requirements. Defined Responsibilities Following the Declaration of a Disaster or Extreme EmergentPage 123 DISASTER POLICY Including Extreme Emergent Situations (EES) The University of Connecticut
Oliver, Douglas L.
The X-ray Emissions from the M87 Jet: Diagnostics and Physical Interpretation
We reanalyze the deep Chandra observations of the M87 jet, first examined by Wilson & Yang (2002). By employing an analysis chain that includes image deconvolution, knots HST-1 and I are fully separated from adjacent emission. We find slight but significant variations in the spectral shape, with values of $\\alpha_x$ ranging from $\\sim 1.2-1.6$. We use VLA radio observations, as well as HST imaging and polarimetry data, to examine the jet's broad-band spectrum and inquire as to the nature of particle acceleration in the jet. As shown in previous papers, a simple continuous injection model for synchrotron-emitting knots, in which both the filling factor, $f_{acc}$, of regions within which particles are accelerated and the energy spectrum of the injected particles are constant, cannot account for the X-ray flux or spectrum. Instead, we propose that $f_{acc}$ is a function of position and energy and find that in the inner jet, $f_{acc} \\propto E_\\gamma^{-0.4 \\pm 0.2} \\propto E_e^{-0.2 \\pm 0.1}$, and in knots A and B, $f_{acc} \\propto E_\\gamma^{-0.7 \\pm 0.2} \\propto E_e^{-0.35 \\pm 0.1}$, where $E_\\gamma$ is the emitted photon energy and and $E_e$ is the emitting electron energy. In this model, the index $p$ of the injected electron energy spectrum ($n(E_{e}) \\propto E_{e}^{-p}$) is $p=2.2$ at all locations in the jet, as predicted by models of cosmic ray acceleration by ultrarelativistic shocks. There is a strong correlation between the peaks of X-ray emission and minima of optical percentage polarization, i.e., regions where the jet magnetic field is not ordered. We suggest that the X-ray peaks coincide with shock waves which accelerate the X-ray emitting electrons and cause changes in the direction of the magnetic field; the polarization is thus small because of beam averaging.
Eric S. Perlman; Andrew S. Wilson
Efficient Acceleration of Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Jets
Relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei, galactic microquasars, and gamma-ray bursts are widely considered to be magnetohydrodynamically driven by black hole accretion systems, although conversion mechanism from Poynting into particle kinetic energy flux is still open. Recent detailed numerical and analytical studies of global structures of steady, axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows with specific boundary conditions have not reproduced as rapid an energy conversion as required by observations. In order to find more suitable boundary conditions, we focus on the flow along a poloidal magnetic field line just inside the external boundary, without treating transfield force balance in detail. We find some examples of the poloidal field structure and corresponding external pressure profile for an efficient and rapid energy conversion as required by observations, and that the rapid acceleration requires a rapid decrease of the external pressure above the accretion disk. We also clarify the differences ...
Toma, Kenji
Two-phase jet loads. [PWR
Two-phase jets are currently being studied to improve engineering models for the prediction of loads on pipes and structures during LOCAs. Multi-dimensional computer codes such as BEACON/MOD2, CSQ, and TRAC-P1A are being employed to predict flow characteristics and flow-structure loading. Our ultimate goal is to develop a new approximate engineering model which is superior to the F.J. Moody design model. Computer results are compared with data obtained from foreign sources, and a technique for using the TRAC-P1A vessel component as a containment model is presented. In general, good agreement with the data is obtained for saturated stagnation conditions; however, difficulties are encountered for subcooled stagnation conditions, possibly due to nucleation delay and non-equilibrium effects.
Tomasko, D.
Solar flare emissions in the chromosphere often appear as elongated ribbons on both sides of the magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL), which has been regarded as evidence of a typical configuration of magnetic reconnection. However, flares having a circular ribbon have rarely been reported, although it is expected in the fan-spine magnetic topology involving reconnection at a three-dimensional (3D) coronal null point. We present five circular ribbon flares with associated surges, using high-resolution and high-cadence H{alpha} blue wing observations obtained from the recently digitized films of Big Bear Solar Observatory. In all the events, a central parasitic magnetic field is encompassed by the opposite polarity, forming a circular PIL traced by filament material. Consequently, a flare kernel at the center is surrounded by a circular flare ribbon. The four homologous jet-related flares on 1991 March 17 and 18 are of particular interest, as (1) the circular ribbons brighten sequentially, with cospatial surges, rather than simultaneously, (2) the central flare kernels show an intriguing 'round-trip' motion and become elongated, and (3) remote brightenings occur at a region with the same magnetic polarity as the central parasitic field and are co-temporal with a separate phase of flare emissions. In another flare on 1991 February 25, the circular flare emission and surge activity occur successively, and the event could be associated with magnetic flux cancellation across the circular PIL. We discuss the implications of these observations combining circular flare ribbons, homologous jets, and remote brightenings for understanding the dynamics of 3D magnetic restructuring.
Wang Haimin; Liu Chang, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Space Weather Research Laboratory, Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102-1982 (United States)
Westinghouse Hanford Company plans to install mixer pumps in double-shell waste tanks to mobilize and suspend settled sludge to allow eventual retrieval for treatment and permanent storage. The mixer pumps produce high momentum, horizontally directed jets that impact and mobilize the sludge and mix it into slurry for removal. There is concern that the force of the jet may damage tank internal components in its path. This test plan describes scaled experiments designed to characterize the velocity profiles of a near floor jet and to quantify the impact farces and drag coefficients of three tank components: radiation dry well, airlift circulator, and steam coil. The experiments will be conducted in water, at approximately 1/6-scale, using one stationary nozzle to simulate the jet. To measure and confirm the velocity profile of the free, submerged jet, the horizontal and vertical velocity profiles will be measured at several distances from the nozzle. The profile will also be measured after the jet impinges upon the tank floor to determine the·extent of the change in the profile caused by impingement. The jet forces upon the test articles will be measured at a maximum of four velocities and a variety of test article orientations. Each orientation will represent a unique position of the test article relative to the jet and the tank floor. In addition, the steam coil will be tested in three rotational orientations because it is not symmetric. The highest jet velocity will be selected so that the Reynolds number of the test article in the model will match that of the prototype when operating at design conditions. The forces measured upon the model components will be used to calculate the force on the prototype components using geometric scaling factors. In addition, the model force measurements will be used to calculate the component's drag coefficient as a function of the component Reynolds number.
Bamberger, J. A.
"Deadman Island Lock and Dam, Ohio River" The Military Engineer
of a concrete gravity dam. It is important to use best estimates of loadings and properties and masonry gravity dams for all failure modes including overtopping (Douglas et al 1999). Table 4 Historic annual frequency of failure of concrete and masonry gravity dams Frequency of Failure x 10-5 Concrete
US Army Corps of Engineers
Photon plus Jet Cross Sections at the Tevatron
Photon plus jet production has been studied by the D0 and CDF experiments in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider at a center of mass energy of sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV. Measurements of the inclusive photon plus jet, di-photon and photon plus b jet cross section are presented. They are based on integrated luminosities between 0.2 fb^-1 and 1.1 fb^-1. The results are compared to perturbative QCD calculations in various approximations.
ePLAS Development for Jet Modeling and Applications
Plasma jets provide an alternate approach to the creation of high energy density laboratory plasmas (HEDLP). For the Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX), typically 30 partially ionized argon jets, produced with mini-rail guns, will be focused into a central volume for subsequent magnetic compression into high density plasma liners that can reach high (0.1 Mbar) peak pressures upon stagnation. The jets are typically 2.5 cm in radius traveling at Mach number 30. Ultimate success will require optimized tuning of the rail configurations, the nozzles injecting the gases, and the careful implementation of pre-ionization. The modeling of plasma jet transport is particularly challenging, due the large space (100 sq cm) and time scales (microseconds) involved. Even traditional implicit methods are insufficient, due to the usual need to track electrons explicitly on the mesh. Wall emission and chemistry must be managed, as must ionization of the jet plasma. Ions in the jets are best followed as particles to account properly for collisions upon jet merger. This Phase I Project developed the code ePLAS to attack and successfully surmount many of these challenges. It invented a new 'super implicit' electromagnetic scheme, using implicit electron moment currents that allowed for modeling of jets over multi-cm and multi-picoseconds on standard, single processor 2 GHz PCs. It enabled merger studies of two jets, in preparation for the multi-jet merger problem. The Project explored particle modeling for the ions, and prepared for the future addition of a grid-base jet ion collision model. Access was added to tabular equations of state for the study of ionization effects in merging jets. The improved code was discussed at the primary plasma meetings (IEEE and APS) during the Project period. Collaborations with National Laboratory and industrial partners were nurtured. Code improvements were made to facilitate code use. See: http://www.researchapplicationscorp.com. The ePLAS code enjoys EAR99 export control treatment, permitting distribution to most foreign countries without a license.
Dr. Rodney J. Mason
On k-jet field approximations of geodesic deviation equations
Let M be a smooth manifold and S a spray defined on the convex cone C of the tangent bundle TM. It is proved that the only non-trivial k-jet approximation of the exact geodesic deviation equation of S, linear on the deviation functions and invariant under arbitrary local coordinate transformations corresponds to the Jacobi equation. However, if linearity in the deviation functions is not required, there are differential equations whose solutions admit k-jet approximations and are invariant under arbitrary coordinate transformations. As an example of higher order geodesic deviation equations we study the first and second order jet geodesic deviation equations for a Finsler spray.
Torromé, Ricardo Gallego
Piloted jet flames of CH{sub 4}/H{sub 2}/air: Experiments on localized extinction in the near field at high Reynolds numbers
Measurements of temperature and major species concentrations, based on the simultaneous line-imaged Raman/Rayleigh/CO-LIF technique, are reported for piloted jet flames of CH{sub 4}/H{sub 2} fuel with varying amounts of partial premixing with air (jet equivalence ratios of {phi}{sub j} = 3.2, 2.5, 2.1 corresponding to stoichiometric mixture fraction values of {xi}{sub st} = 0.35, 0.43, 0.50, respectively) and varying degrees of localized extinction. Each jet flame is operated at a fixed and relatively high exit Reynolds number (60,000 or 67,000), and the probability of localized extinction is increased in several steps by progressively decreasing the flow rate of the pilot flame. Dimensions of the piloted burner, originally developed at Sydney University, are the same as for previous studies. The present measurements complement previous results from piloted CH{sub 4}/air jet flames as targets for combustion model calculations by extending to higher Reynolds number, including more steps in the progression of each flame from a fully burning state to a flame with high probability of local extinction, and adding the degree of partial premixing as an experimental parameter. Local extinction in these flames occurs close to the nozzle near a downstream location of four times the jet exit diameter. Consequently, these data provide the additional modeling challenge of accurately representing the initial development of the reacting jet and the near-field mixing processes. (author)
Barlow, R.S. [Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551-0969 (United States); Ozarovsky, H.C.; Lindstedt, R.P. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7-2AZ (United Kingdom); Karpetis, A.N. [Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 778453-3141 (United States)
Buildings Included on EMS Reports"
Office of Legacy Management Office of Legacy Management Buildings Included on EMS Reports" "Site","Property Name","Property ID","GSF","Incl. in Water Baseline (CY2007)","Water Baseline (sq. ft.)","Water CY2008 (sq. ft.)","Water CY2009 (sq. ft.)","Water Notes","Incl. in Energy Baseline (CY2003)","Energy Baseline (sq. ft.)","CY2008 Energy (sq. ft.)","CY2009 Energy (sq. ft.)","Energy Notes","Included as Existing Building","CY2008 Existing Building (sq. ft.)","Reason for Building Exclusion" "Column Totals",,"Totals",115139,,10579,10579,22512,,,3183365,26374,115374,,,99476 "Durango, CO, Disposal/Processing Site","STORAGE SHED","DUD-BLDG-STORSHED",100,"no",,,,,"no",,,,"OSF","no",,"Less than 5,000 GSF"
Power generation method including membrane separation
A method for generating electric power, such as at, or close to, natural gas fields. The method includes conditioning natural gas containing C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons and/or acid gas by means of a membrane separation step. This step creates a leaner, sweeter, drier gas, which is then used as combustion fuel to run a turbine, which is in turn used for power generation.
Lokhandwala, Kaaeid A. (Union City, CA)
Electric power monthly, September 1990. [Glossary included
The purpose of this report is to provide energy decision makers with accurate and timely information that may be used in forming various perspectives on electric issues. The power plants considered include coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydroelectric, and nuclear power plants. Data are presented for power generation, fuel consumption, fuel receipts and cost, sales of electricity, and unusual occurrences at power plants. Data are compared at the national, Census division, and state levels. 4 figs., 52 tabs. (CK)
Nuclear reactor shield including magnesium oxide
An improvement in nuclear reactor shielding of a type used in reactor applications involving significant amounts of fast neutron flux, the reactor shielding including means providing structural support, neutron moderator material, neutron absorber material and other components as described below, wherein at least a portion of the neutron moderator material is magnesium in the form of magnesium oxide either alone or in combination with other moderator materials such as graphite and iron.
Rouse, Carl A. (Del Mar, CA); Simnad, Massoud T. (La Jolla, CA)
Thermal Interaction Between Molten Metal Jet and Sodium Pool: Effect of Principal Factors Governing Fragmentation of the Jet
To clarify the effects of the principal factors that govern the thermal fragmentation of a molten metallic fuel jet in the course of fuel-coolant interaction, which is important in evaluating the sequence of core disruptive accidents (CDAs) for metallic fuel fast reactors, basic experiments were carried out using molten metallic fuel simulants (copper and silver) and a sodium pool.Fragmentation of a molten metal jet with a solid crust was caused by internal pressure produced by the boiling of sodium, which is locally entrapped inside the jet due to hydrodynamic motion between the jet and the coolant. The superheating and the latent heat of fusion of the jet are the principal factors governing this type of thermal fragmentation. On the other hand, the effect of the initial sodium temperature is regarded as negligible in the case of thermal conditions expected to result in CDAs for practical metallic fuel cores. Based on the fragmentation data for several kinds of jets (Cu, Ag, SUS, U, and U-5 wt% Zr alloy), an empirical correlation is proposed that is applicable to the calculation of a mass median diameter of fragments produced by the thermal fragmentation of the jet with a solid crust under low ambient Weber number conditions.
Nishimura, Satoshi [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) (Japan); Kinoshita, Izumi [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) (Japan); Sugiyama, Ken-Ichiro [Hokkaido University (Japan); Ueda, Nobuyuki [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) (Japan)
Realistic Probability Estimates For Destructive Overpressure Events In Heated Center Wing Tanks Of Commercial Jet Aircraft
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) identified 17 accidents that may have resulted from fuel tank explosions on commercial aircraft from 1959 to 2001. Seven events involved JP 4 or JP 4/Jet A mixtures that are no longer used for commercial aircraft fuel. The remaining 10 events involved Jet A or Jet A1 fuels that are in current use by the commercial aircraft industry. Four fuel tank explosions occurred in center wing tanks (CWTs) where on-board appliances can potentially transfer heat to the tank. These tanks are designated as ''Heated Center Wing Tanks'' (HCWT). Since 1996, the FAA has significantly increased the rate at which it has mandated airworthiness directives (ADs) directed at elimination of ignition sources. This effort includes the adoption, in 2001, of Special Federal Aviation Regulation 88 of 14 CFR part 21 (SFAR 88 ''Fuel Tank System Fault Tolerance Evaluation Requirements''). This paper addresses SFAR 88 effectiveness in reducing HCWT ignition source probability. Our statistical analysis, relating the occurrence of both on-ground and in-flight HCWT explosions to the cumulative flight hours of commercial passenger aircraft containing HCWT's reveals that the best estimate of HCWT explosion rate is 1 explosion in 1.4 x 10{sup 8} flight hours. Based on an analysis of SFAR 88 by Sandia National Laboratories and our independent analysis, SFAR 88 reduces current risk of historical HCWT explosion by at least a factor of 10, thus meeting an FAA risk criteria of 1 accident in billion flight hours. This paper also surveys and analyzes parameters for Jet A fuel ignition in HCWT's. Because of the paucity of in-flight HCWT explosions, we conclude that the intersection of the parameters necessary and sufficient to result in an HCWT explosion with sufficient overpressure to rupture the HCWT is extremely rare.
Alvares, N; Lambert, H
Tank 241-AZ-101 criticality assessment resulting from pump jet mixing: Sludge mixing simulation
Tank 241-AZ-101 (AZ-101) is one of 28 double-shell tanks located in the AZ farm in the Hanford Site`s 200 East Area. The tank contains a significant quantity of fissile materials, including an estimated 9.782 kg of plutonium. Before beginning jet pump mixing for mitigative purposes, the operations must be evaluated to demonstrate that they will be subcritical under both normal and credible abnormal conditions. The main objective of this study was to address a concern about whether two 300-hp pumps with four rotating 18.3-m/s (60-ft/s) jets can concentrate plutonium in their pump housings during mixer pump operation and cause a criticality. The three-dimensional simulation was performed with the time-varying TEMPEST code to determine how much the pump jet mixing of Tank AZ-101 will concentrate plutonium in the pump housing. The AZ-101 model predicted that the total amount of plutonium within the pump housing peaks at 75 g at 10 simulation seconds and decreases to less than 10 g at four minutes. The plutonium concentration in the entire pump housing peaks at 0.60 g/L at 10 simulation seconds and is reduced to below 0.1 g/L after four minutes. Since the minimum critical concentration of plutonium is 2.6 g/L, and the minimum critical plutonium mass under idealized plutonium-water conditions is 520 g, these predicted maximums in the pump housing are much lower than the minimum plutonium conditions needed to reach a criticality level. The initial plutonium maximum of 1.88 g/L still results in safety factor of 4.3 in the pump housing during the pump jet mixing operation.
Onishi, Y.; Recknagle, K.
The Daytime Evolution of the East African Jet
We present a combined observational and theoretical study of the daytime evolution of the equatorial East African low-level jet stream. During the daytime, as the flow advects from a suppressed marine environment across the East African coastline ...
David M. Rubenstein
Horizontal and Vertical Structure of the Lake Turkana Jet
An observational study was undertaken at selected sites in north Kenya (Turkana channel) in February 1983 and in June–July 1984 to investigate the horizontal and vertical extent of the Turkana low-level jet. Observations indicate that strong ...
Joseph Hiri Kinuthia
Jet Formation and Evolution in Baroclinic Turbulence with Simple Topography
Satellite altimetry and high-resolution ocean models indicate that the Southern Ocean comprises an intricate web of narrow, meandering jets that undergo spontaneous formation, merger, and splitting events, as well as rapid latitude shifts over ...
Andrew F. Thompson
Horizontal Divergence Associated with Zonally Isolated Jet Streams
Horizontal divergence in the upper troposphere associated with zonally isolated jet streams in the climatological-mean fold for the Northern Hemisphere winter is examined by using the wind fields obtained from the NMC operational analyses in the ...
Hisashi Nakamura
The Effect of Jet-Streak Curvature on Kinematic Fields
A simple two-layer primitive equation (PE) model is used to study the effect of curvature on jet-streak kinematics, specifically vertical motion. Three types of vertical motion are studied: kinematic (PE) vertical motion, quasigeostrophic (QG) ...
James T. Moore; Glenn E. Vanknowe
The reduction of supersonic jet noise using pulsed microjet injection
This thesis is concerned with the active control of supersonic jet noise using pulsed microjet injection at the nozzle exit. Experimental investigations were carried out using this control method on an ideally expanded ...
Ragaller, Paul Aaron
Jet Stream Winds: Comparisons of Aircraft Observations with Analyses
Wind measurements have been obtained from commercial aircraft crossing the 1992 winter subtropical jet streams over southwest and east Asia. Comparisons of these data with new, high-resolution analyses from four of the major operational centers ...
J. Tenenbaum
Production of jets at forward rapidities in hadronic collisions
We discuss high-pT production processes at forward rapidities in hadron-hadron collisions, and describe recent results from using QCD high-energy factorization in forward jet production at the LHC.
F. Hautmann
Tracking Gravity Waves in Baroclinic Jet-Front Systems
Using a two-dimensional Fourier decomposition and a four-dimensional ray-tracing technique, the propagating characteristics and source mechanisms of mesoscale gravity waves simulated in idealized baroclinic jet-front systems are investigated. The ...
Yonghui Lin; Fuqing Zhang
A Transect of the Southern Circumpolar Jet Stream
Aitken nuclei and ozone concentrations were measured, in concert with meteorological variables, while flying beneath the core of a jet stream at the 400 mb level. Stratospheric air which subsided to the flight level was richer in ozone, but ...
A. W. Hogan
A Newly Found Jet in North Kenya (Turkana Channel)
On the basis of recent pilot balloon observations which have become available in northern Kenya, it is shown that there exists a strong southeasterly low-level jet in the Turkana Channel which separates the Ethiopian Highlands the East African ...
J. H. Kinuthia; G. C. Asnani
Lagrangian Motion and Fluid Exchange in a Barotropic Meandering Jet
Kinematic models predict that a coherent structure, such as a jet or an eddy, in an unsteady flow can exchange fluid with its surroundings. The authors consider the significance of this effect for a fully nonlinear, dynamically consistent, ...
A. M. Rogerson; P. D. Miller; L. J. Pratt; C. K. R. T. Jones
Ooishi's Observation: Viewed in the Context of Jet Stream Discovery
Although aircraft encounters with strong westerly winds during World War II provided the stimulus for postwar research on the jet stream, Wasaburo Ooishi observed these winds in the 1920s. Ooishi's work is reviewed in the context of earlier work ...
John M. Lewis
University of Michigan-Flint Turbo Jet Engine
University of Michigan-Flint Turbo Jet Engine Leon LaVene III, Steven Skorski Michael Isaac, Kyle Stokes & Quamrul Mazumder Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan-Flint Flint
Farmer, Michael E.
Method and apparatus for water jet drilling of rock
Rock drilling method and apparatus utilizing high pressure water jets for drilling holes of relatively small diameter at speeds significantly greater than that attainable with existing drilling tools. Greatly increased drilling rates are attained due to jet nozzle geometry and speed of rotation. The jet nozzle design has two orifices, one pointing axially ahead in the direction of travel and the second inclined at an angle of approximately 30.degree. from the axis. The two orifices have diameters in the ratio of approximately 1:2. Liquid jet velocities in excess of 1,000 ft/sec are used, and the nozzle is rotated at speeds up to 1,000 rpm and higher.
Summers, David A. (Rolla, MO); Mazurkiewicz, Marian (Wroclaw, PL); Bushnell, Dwight J. (Corvallis, OR); Blaine, James (Rolla, MO)
JET physics in support of ITER: Results and future work
The JET Programme to 1999 concentrates on issues that must be solved before a decision to construct ITER can be taken. The paper discusses three areas representative of the physics support provided: confinement studies
M. Keilhacker; and the JET Team
Geographic Area Month Aviation Gasoline Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel
Gallon Excluding Taxes) - Continued Geographic Area Month Aviation Gasoline Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Kerosene Sales to End Users Sales for Resale Sales to End Users Sales for Resale...
Exhaust-gas measurements from NASAs HYMETS arc jet.
Arc-jet wind tunnels produce conditions simulating high-altitude hypersonic flight such as occurs upon entry of space craft into planetary atmospheres. They have traditionally been used to study flight in Earth's atmosphere, which consists mostly of nitrogen and oxygen. NASA is presently using arc jets to study entry into Mars' atmosphere, which consists of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. In both cases, a wide variety of chemical reactions take place among the gas constituents and with test articles placed in the flow. In support of those studies, we made measurements using a residual gas analyzer (RGA) that sampled the exhaust stream of a NASA arc jet. The experiments were conducted at the HYMETS arc jet (Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System) located at the NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. This report describes our RGA measurements, which are intended to be used for model validation in combination with similar measurements on other systems.
Miller, Paul Albert
The physical nature of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is believed to involve an ultra-relativistic jet. The observed complex structure of light curves motivates the idea of jet precession. In this work, we study the gravitational waves of jet precession based on neutrino-dominated accretion disks around black holes, which may account for the central engine of GRBs. In our model, the jet and the inner part of the disk may precess along with the black hole, which is driven by the outer part of the disk. Gravitational waves are therefore expected to be significant from this black-hole-inner-disk precession system. By comparing our numerical results with the sensitivity of some detectors, we find that it is possible for DECIGO and BBO to detect such gravitational waves, particularly for GRBs in the Local Group.
Sun Mouyuan; Liu Tong; Gu Weimin; Lu Jufu, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (China)
Divergent Barotropic Instability of the Tropical Asymmetric Easterly Jet
The divergent barotropic instability of a zonally averaged, observed, tropical, upper tropospheric, monsoon easterly jet is investigated by numerical integration of a linear spectral model. The Rossby radius of deformation for the upper ...
S. K. Mishra; D. Subrahmanyam; M. K. Tandon
Jet Structure and Scaling in Southern Ocean Models
The jet structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) simulated by two general circulation models (GCMs), FRAM (Fine Resolution Antarctic Model) and POP (Parallel Ocean Program), is examined in relation to the bottom topography field. ...
B. Sinha; K. J. Richards
A critical review of world jet transport safety
This thesis is intended to serve as a comprehensive introduction to world jet transport safety and aviation fire safety. Divided into six sections, this thesis contains: 1) a statistical review of overall levels of safety ...
Achtmann, Eric D.
Control of flames by tangential jet actuators in oxy-fuel burners
The active control of oxy-fuel flames from burners with separated jets is investigated. The control system consists of four small jet actuators, placed tangential to the exit of the main jets to generate a swirling flow. These actuators are able to modify the flow structure and to act on mixing between the reactants and consequently on the flame behavior. The burner (25 kW) is composed of separated jets, one jet of natural gas and one or two jets of pure oxygen. Experiments are conducted with three burner configurations, according to the number of jets, the jet exit velocities, and the separation distance between the jets. OH chemiluminescence measurements, particle image velocimetry, and measurements of NO{sub x} emissions are used to characterize the flow and the flame structure. Results show that the small jet actuators have a significant influence on the behavior of jets and the flame characteristics, particularly in the stabilization zone. It is shown that the control leads to a decrease in lift-off heights and to better stability of the flame. The use of jet actuators induces high jet spreading and an increase in turbulence intensity, which improves the mixing between the reactants and the surrounding fluid. Pollutant measurements show important results in terms of NO{sub x} reductions (up to 60%), in particular for low swirl intensity. The burner parameters, such as the number of jets and the spacing between the jets, also impact the flame behavior and NO{sub x} formation. (author)
Boushaki, Toufik [CORIA UMR 6614 CNRS-Universite et INSA de ROUEN, Site Universitaire du Madrillet, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, Cedex (France); Universite de Toulouse-INPT-UPS, IMFT (Institut de Mecanique des Fluides de Toulouse), Allee Camille Soula, F-31400 Toulouse, Cedex (France); Sautet, Jean-Charles [CORIA UMR 6614 CNRS-Universite et INSA de ROUEN, Site Universitaire du Madrillet, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, Cedex (France); Labegorre, Bernard [Air Liquide, Centre de Recherche Claude-Delorme, Les Loges-en-Josas, B.P. 126 78354 Jouy-en-Josas, Cedex (France)
Jet Production in Polarized pp Collisions at RHIC
The STAR Collaboration has measured the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for inclusive jet production in polarized p+p collisions at sqrt{s} = 200 GeV. The results set significant new constraints on the gluon polarization within the nucleon. Future measurements of asymmetries for di-jet production will provide direct access to the momentum dependence of the gluon polarization, Delta g(x,Q^2).
C. A. Gagliardi; for the STAR Collaboration
Very Light Jets I. Axisymmetric Parameter Study and Analytic Approximation
The propagation of extragalactic jets is studied by a series of twelve axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations. Motivated by observational constraints, but unlike most previous simulations, the regime of jet to external medium density (eta) from 10^-5 to 10^-2 is explored, for Mach numbers (M) between 2.6 and 26. The computational domain contained the bow shocks for the whole simulation time. The bow shocks are found to be spherical at source sizes below a critical value r1 (blastwave phase), which can reach up to 10 jet radii. [...] The numerical work is complemented by an analytic approach for the spherical phase. Extending previous work, the radial force balance could be integrated for arbitrary background density and energy input, which results in a global solution. The analytic results are shown to be consistent with the numerical work, and a lower limit to r1 can be calculated, which falls below the numerical results by a few jet radii. It is shown explicitely how a King density distribution changes the discussed aspects of the bow shock propagation. Because the jet head propagates very fast in the blastwave phase, it turns out that it is not possible to ``frustrate'' a jet by a high density environment. This is very important for the class of small radio galaxies (compact symmetric objects / GHz peaked sources): They have to be young. During its blastwave phase, a powerful jet can transfer typically 10^60 erg to the environmental gas. This is enough to balance the radiative losses in a cooling flow, if one of the cluster galaxies harbours a powerful jet every Gigayear.
Martin Krause
Thermovoltaic semiconductor device including a plasma filter
A thermovoltaic energy conversion device and related method for converting thermal energy into an electrical potential. An interference filter is provided on a semiconductor thermovoltaic cell to pre-filter black body radiation. The semiconductor thermovoltaic cell includes a P/N junction supported on a substrate which converts incident thermal energy below the semiconductor junction band gap into electrical potential. The semiconductor substrate is doped to provide a plasma filter which reflects back energy having a wavelength which is above the band gap and which is ineffectively filtered by the interference filter, through the P/N junction to the source of radiation thereby avoiding parasitic absorption of the unusable portion of the thermal radiation energy.
Baldasaro, Paul F. (Clifton Park, NY)
Minkowski's Object: A Starburst Triggered by a Radio Jet, Revisited
We present neutral hydrogen, ultraviolet, optical and near-infrared imaging, as well as optical spectroscopic observations of Minkowski's Object (MO), a star forming system at the end of a radio jet associated with NGC541 at the center of a cluster of galaxies, Abell 194. The observations strengthen the evidence, first presented in 1985, that MO is a small, peculiar galaxy in which the star formation has been triggered by the radio jet. Key new results are the discovery of a double H I cloud with a mass of 4.9 x 10{sup 8} M{sub {circle_dot}} straddling the radio jet downstream from MO at the location where the jet changes direction and decollimates; a strong detection of MO at near- and far-UV wavelengths and in H{alpha}, both of which also show a double structure; and what appear to be numerous H II regions and associated clusters in MO. The UV morphology of MO along the radio jet resembles the radio-aligned, rest-frame UV morphologies seen in many high redshift radio galaxies, which are also thought to be caused by jet-induced star formation. The UV, optical, and near-IR data show that the stellar population is dominated by a 7.5Myr-old instantaneous burst, with a total stellar mass of 1.9 x 10{sup 7} M{sub {circle_dot}}.
Croft, S; van Breugel, W; de Vries, W; Dopita, M; Martin, C; Morganti, R; Neff, S; Oosterloo, T; Schiminovich, D; Stanford, S A; van Gorkom, J
Jet plume injection and combustion system for internal combustion engines
An improved combustion system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed wherein a rich air/fuel mixture is furnished at high pressure to one or more jet plume generator cavities adjacent to a cylinder and then injected through one or more orifices from the cavities into the head space of the cylinder to form one or more turbulent jet plumes in the head space of the cylinder prior to ignition of the rich air/fuel mixture in the cavity of the jet plume generator. The portion of the rich air/fuel mixture remaining in the cavity of the generator is then ignited to provide a secondary jet, comprising incomplete combustion products which are injected into the cylinder to initiate combustion in the already formed turbulent jet plume. Formation of the turbulent jet plume in the head space of the cylinder prior to ignition has been found to yield a higher maximum combustion pressure in the cylinder, as well as shortening the time period to attain such a maximum pressure.
Oppenheim, Antoni K. (Kensington, CA); Maxson, James A. (Berkeley, CA); Hensinger, David M. (Albany, CA)
Ultraviolet and optical spectroscopy of the R Aquarii symmetrical jet
The first ultraviolet spectrum of the southwest (SW) component of the symmetrical jet in the R Aquarii binary system has been obtained in the range 1200-2000 A with the IUE. These results are compared to more encompassing spectra of the central H II region taken at the same time and also similar spectra of the northeast (NE) jet component obtained six months earlier. Moreover, optical spectra of both the NE and SW jet components in the range 3400-9800 A were obtained within about 6 months and about 1 month, respectively, of the ultraviolet spectra. These highly complementary observations argue that excitation of the symmetrical jet may be due to shock excitation as the jet components overtake and impact the previously ionized material associated with the expanding inner nebulosity. The problems with this shock model as well as problems with competing photoionization models are discussed. It is suggested that the jet components were ejected less than 90 years ago. 28 refs.
Hollis, J.M.; Oliversen, R.J.; Michalitsianos, A.G.; Kafatos, M.; Wagner, R.M. (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States) George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA (United States) Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ (United States))
This invention is comprised of an improved combustion system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed wherein a rich air/fuel mixture is furnished at high pressure to one or more jet plume generator cavities adjacent to a cylinder and then injected through one or more orifices from the cavities into the head space of the cylinder to form one or more turbulent jet plumes in the head space of the cylinder prior to ignition of the rich air/fuel mixture in the cavity of the jet plume generator. The portion of the rich air/fuel mixture remaining in the cavity of the generator is then ignited to provide a secondary jet, comprising incomplete combustion products which are injected into the cylinder to initiate combustion in the already formed turbulent jet plume. Formation of the turbulent jet plume in the head space of the cylinder prior to ignition has been found to yield a higher maximum combustion pressure in the cylinder, as well as shortening the time period to attain such a maximum pressure.
Oppenheim, A.K.; Maxson, J.A.; Hensinger, D.M.
An improved combustion system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed wherein a rich air/fuel mixture is furnished at high pressure to one or more jet plume generator cavities adjacent to a cylinder and then injected through one or more orifices from the cavities into the head space of the cylinder to form one or more turbulent jet plumes in the head space of the cylinder prior to ignition of the rich air/fuel mixture in the cavity of the jet plume generator. The portion of the rich air/fuel mixture remaining in the cavity of the generator is then ignited to provide a secondary jet, comprising incomplete combustion products which are injected into the cylinder to initiate combustion in the already formed turbulent jet plume. Formation of the turbulent jet plume in the head space of the cylinder prior to ignition has been found to yield a higher maximum combustion pressure in the cylinder, as well as shortening the time period to attain such a maximum pressure. 24 figures.
Pulse Jet Mixing Tests With Noncohesive Solids
This report summarizes results from pulse jet mixing (PJM) tests with noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid conducted during FY 2007 and 2008 to support the design of mixing systems for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Tests were conducted at three geometric scales using noncohesive simulants. The test data were used to independently develop mixing models that can be used to predict full-scale WTP vessel performance and to rate current WTP mixing system designs against two specific performance requirements. One requirement is to ensure that all solids have been disturbed during the mixing action, which is important to release gas from the solids. The second requirement is to maintain a suspended solids concentration below 20 weight percent at the pump inlet. The models predict the height to which solids will be lifted by the PJM action, and the minimum velocity needed to ensure all solids have been lifted from the floor. From the cloud height estimate we can calculate the concentration of solids at the pump inlet. The velocity needed to lift the solids is slightly more demanding than "disturbing" the solids, and is used as a surrogate for this metric. We applied the models to assess WTP mixing vessel performance with respect to the two perform¬ance requirements. Each mixing vessel was evaluated against these two criteria for two defined waste conditions. One of the wastes was defined by design limits and one was derived from Hanford waste characterization reports. The assessment predicts that three vessel types will satisfy the design criteria for all conditions evaluated. Seven vessel types will not satisfy the performance criteria used for any of the conditions evaluated. The remaining three vessel types provide varying assessments when the different particle characteristics are evaluated. The assessment predicts that three vessel types will satisfy the design criteria for all conditions evaluated. Seven vessel types will not satisfy the performance criteria used for any of the conditions evaluated. The remaining three vessel types provide varying assessments when the different particle characteristics are evaluated. The HLP-022 vessel was also evaluated using 12 m/s pulse jet velocity with 6-in. nozzles, and this design also did not satisfy the criteria for all of the conditions evaluated.
Meyer, Perry A.; Bamberger, Judith A.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fort, James A.; Wells, Beric E.; Sundaram, S. K.; Scott, Paul A.; Minette, Michael J.; Smith, Gary L.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Greenwood, Margaret S.; Morgen, Gerald P.; Baer, Ellen BK; Snyder, Sandra F.; White, Michael; Piepel, Gregory F.; Amidan, Brett G.; Heredia-Langner, Alejandro; Bailey, Sharon A.; Bower, John C.; Denslow, Kayte M.; Eakin, David E.; Elmore, Monte R.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Guzman, Anthony D.; Hatchell, Brian K.; Hopkins, Derek F.; Hurley, David E.; Johnson, Michael D.; Kirihara, Leslie J.; Lawler, Bruce D.; Loveland, Jesse S.; Mullen, O Dennis; Pekour, Mikhail S.; Peters, Timothy J.; Robinson, Peter J.; Russcher, Michael S.; Sande, Susan; Santoso, Christian; Shoemaker, Steven V.; Silva, Steve M.; Smith, Devin E.; Su, Yin-Fong; Toth, James J.; Wiberg, John D.; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Zuljevic, Nino
them. A French military officer noted in 1750 that Indians living near Fort Figu
them. A French military officer noted in 1750 that Indians living near Fort Figure 11. Petroleum Production and Consumption them. A French military officer noted in 1750 that Indians living near Fort Figure 11. Petroleum Production and Consumption Duquesne (now the site of Pittsburgh) set fire to an oil-slicked creek as part of a religious ceremony. As settlement by Europeans proceeded, oil' was discovered in many places in northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York-to tile frequent dismay of the well-owners, who were drilling for salt brine./ >' Cons umption/ In the mid-1800s expanding uses for oil extracted from coal and shale began to hint at the value of rock oil and encouraged the search for readily accessible A Production supplies. This impetus launched the modem petroleum age, which began on a t 10 - Sunday afternoon in August 1859 at Oil Creek, near Titusville in northwestern-\
UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, PRATT & UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, PRATT & WHITNEY MILITARY ENGINES, FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FORE IGN RIGHTS IN SUBJECT INVENTIONS MADE IN THE COURSE OF OR UNDER UT-BATTELLE, LLC SUBCONTRACT NO. 40001Q288 UNDER PRIME CONTRACT NO. DE-AC05-000R22725; DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (D OE) WAIVER DOCKET W(A)201 0-051 [OR0-800] Uniteo Technolog ies , Pratt & Whitney Military Eng ines (Petitioner) has made a timely request for an advance wa iver to worldwide rights in Su bject Inventions made in the course of or under UT -Battelle , LLC Subcontract No. 400010288 entitled , and "Bulk Amorphous Alum inum Program" unde r UT -Battelle Prime Contract No . DE-AC05-000R22725 . The scope of work involves the production of eng ine components using a conventional powder metallurgy
Military Base Off-Taker Opportunities for Tribal Renewable Energy Projects
This white paper surveys DOD installations that could have an increased potential interest in the purchase of energy from renewable energy projects on tribal lands. Identification of likely purchasers of renewable energy is a first step in the energy project development process, and this paper aims to identify likely electricity customers that tribal commercial-scale projects could serve. This white paper builds on a geospatial analysis completed in November 2012 identifying 53 reservations within 10 miles of military bases (DOE 2012). This analysis builds on those findings by further refining the list of potential opportunity sites to 15 reservations (Table ES-1), based on five additional factors: 1) The potential renewable resources required to meet the installation energy loads; 2) Proximity to transmission lines; 3) Military installation energy demand; 4) State electricity prices; 5) Local policy and regulatory environment.
Nangle, J.
The United States Military Assistance Advisory Group in French Indochina, 1950-1956
This thesis examines the American Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) sent to French Indochina, from 1950 to 1956, when the United States provided major monetary and material aid to the French in their war against the communist Viet Minh. MAAG observed French units in the field and monitored the flow of American materiel into the region. Relying upon primary research in the National Archives, the thesis departs from previous interpretations by showing that MAAG held generally positive assessments of France?s performance in Indochina. The thesis also argues that MAAG personnel were more interested in getting material support to the French, than in how that material was used, to the point of making unrealistic assessments of French combat abilities. By connecting primary research with the greater history of Cold War American military assistance, the thesis contributes to the scholarship on American involvement in Vietnam.
Weber, Nathaniel R.
Lessons Learned from Net Zero Energy Assessments and Renewable Energy Projects at Military Installations
Lessons Learned from Lessons Learned from Net Zero Energy Assessments and Renewable Energy Projects at Military Installations Michael Callahan, Kate Anderson, Sam Booth, Jessica Katz, and Tim Tetreault Technical Report NREL/TP-7A40-51598 Revised September 2011 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Lessons Learned from Net Zero Energy Assessments and Renewable Energy Projects at Military Installations Michael Callahan, Kate Anderson, Sam Booth, Jessica Katz, and Tim Tetreault
Advanced natural gas fuel technologies for military installations. Final report
Energy conservation efforts reduced Department of Defense (DoD) fossil fuel consumption considerably between FYX5 and FY9 I, yet electricity consumption increased. Electricity consumption accounts for only one-third of DoD energy use, but over half of DoD energy costs. In addition, the production of electricity at coal or nuclear plants often creates environmental concerns, while the use of clean-burning natural gas does not; its use can help DoD bases comply with increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Recent developments in natural gas-fired technologies also demonstrate improved efficiency and productivity at lower costs. This report identifies state-of-the-art and emerging natural gas utilization technologies with potential application on DoD installations. This report describes various technologies that have potential residential, commercial, or industrial applications on DoD installations. Applications include heating, cooling, power generation, food preparation, and several industrial processes.
Savoie, M.J.; Freeman, P.M.; Blazek, C.F.; Potts, N.L.
Identifying and estimating the distributional effects of unionization and the long-term consequences of military service
This thesis is concerned with the economic consequences for individuals of two important U.S. labor market institutions: unionization and the military draft. The first chapter develops an econometric procedure for estimating ...
Frandsen, Brigham R
Unit Social Cohesion in the Israeli Military as a Case Study of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell"
in an Israeli military unit. Oxford, UK: Berghahn Books.group cohesion in U.S. Army units. Basic and Applied Socialand war in Israeli combat units. New York: Haworth Press.
Kaplan, Danny; Rosenmann, Amir
Partners in Freedom: Contributions of the Langley Research Center to U.S. Military Aircraft of the 1990''s
Established in 1917 as the nation''s first civil aeronautics research laboratory under the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), Langley was a small laboratory that solved the problems of flight for military and civil aviation. Throughout ...
Chambers Joseph R.
Models of Procyon A including seismic constraints
Detailed models of Procyon A based on new asteroseismic measurements by Eggenberger et al (2004) have been computed using the Geneva evolution code including shellular rotation and atomic diffusion. By combining all non-asteroseismic observables now available for Procyon A with these seismological data, we find that the observed mean large spacing of 55.5 +- 0.5 uHz favours a mass of 1.497 M_sol for Procyon A. We also determine the following global parameters of Procyon A: an age of t=1.72 +- 0.30 Gyr, an initial helium mass fraction Y_i=0.290 +- 0.010, a nearly solar initial metallicity (Z/X)_i=0.0234 +- 0.0015 and a mixing-length parameter alpha=1.75 +- 0.40. Moreover, we show that the effects of rotation on the inner structure of the star may be revealed by asteroseismic observations if frequencies can be determined with a high precision. Existing seismological data of Procyon A are unfortunately not accurate enough to really test these differences in the input physics of our models.
P. Eggenberger; F. Carrier; F. Bouchy
The Legal-Military Dilemma in the Response to International Terrorism
Historically, the US appears to have responded inconsistently to similar acts of terrorism in two different ways, using either a law enforcement or military response. These legal and military responses can be either unilateral or multilateral. This study attempts to determine when each type of response is preferred by decisionmakers, both political leaders and their citizens. The hypotheses suggesting that a response is preferred depending upon terrorist attack success, location, and the terrorists' sociocultural similarities are tested in three experiments and examined in a case study. These three variables are believed, as suggested by the Cognitive Calculus concept, to cause an emotional reaction amongst the respondents resulting in them having a higher preference for the military and unilateral options. Whether or not the respondents were experiencing an emotional reaction was studied in each experiment as well as being tested in the third experiment by examining the respondents? selection of options based upon their success rates. The case study examined US government responses to the First World Trade Center bombing, the Bojinka Plot, the Khobar Towers bombing, and the September 11, 2001 attacks. The results of the experiments and case study suggest a calm and deliberative response by the respondents to acts of terrorism, with a greater preference for legal and multilateral responses to terrorism.
Allan, Matthew W.
Role of military scientists and engineers in space (1980-2000)
The Space Transportation System provides military scientists and engineers exciting new capabilities to conduct a variety of pioneering experiments on orbit, taking unique advantage of the space environment itself or observing the planet firsthand from the vantage point of space. The reusable Shuttle/Spacelab configuration permits a more effective use of the human and material resources being committed to the space program in the next decade, and ensures the presence of man in space on a routine basis. However, full-scale exploitation of space for national defense will depend to a great extent on the skillful and successful utilization of the military payload specialists, who will fly and operate various Shuttle-based DoD experiments. This paper explores the doctrine, role, function, and training requirements for DoD payload specialists. The unique advantage of man-in-the-loop activities and the orbiting military scientist conducting experiments in situ is addressed in light of previous US manned space flight experience and the projected capabilities of the Shuttle. 4 figures.
Angelo, J.A. Jr
Acting alone: U.S. unilateral uses of force, military revolutions, and hegemonic stability theory
The premise of this dissertation is straight-forward – the U.S., as hegemon, acts unilaterally given the power disparity between it and the rest of the world. In solving the puzzle of why presidents make the "wrong" decision to act alone, I organize international conflict literature along traditional lines – international and domestic explanations – and use Gilpin's (1981) hegemonic stability theory to test a theory of unilateral use of force decision making. In order to overcome a lack of scientific study on unilateralism, I devise a definition and coding rules for unilateral use of force, develop a sequential model of presidential use of force decision making, and construct a new, alternative measure of military power, a Composite Indicator of Military Revolutions (CIMR). I then use three methods – a statistical test with a heckman probit model, an experiment, and case studies – to test U.S. crisis behavior since 1937. I find that presidents are realists and make an expected utility calculation to act unilaterally or multilaterally after their decision to use force. The unilateral decision, in particular, positively correlates with a wide military gap vis-ŕ-vis an opponent, an opponent located in the Western hemisphere, and a national security threat.
Podliska, Bradley Florian
A Mechanism for Coronal Hole Jets
Bald patches are magnetic topologies in which the magnetic field is concave up over part of a photospheric polarity inversion line. A bald patch topology is believed to be the essential ingredient for filament channels and is often found in extrapolations of the observed photospheric field. Using an analytic source-surface model to calculate the magnetic topology of a small bipolar region embedded in a global magnetic dipole field, we demonstrate that although common in closed-field regions close to the solar equator, bald patches are unlikely to occur in the open-field topology of a coronal hole. Our results give rise to the following question: What happens to a bald patch topology when the surrounding field lines open up? This would be the case when a bald patch moves into a coronal hole, or when a coronal hole forms in an area that encompasses a bald patch. Our magnetostatic models show that, in this case, the bald patch topology almost invariably transforms into a null point topology with a spine and a fan. We argue that the time-dependent evolution of this scenario will be very dynamic since the change from a bald patch to null point topology cannot occur via a simple ideal evolution in the corona. We discuss the implications of these findings for recent Hinode XRT observations of coronal hole jets and give an outline of planned time-dependent 3D MHD simulations to fully assess this scenario.
D. A. N. Mueller; S. K. Antiochos
Spectrometric Analysis for Pulse Jet Mixer Testing
The Analytical Development Section (ADS) was tasked with providing support for a Hanford River Protection Program-Waste Treatment Program (RPP-WTP) project test involving absorption analysis for non-Newtonian pulse jet mixer testing for small scale (PJM) and prototype (CRV) tanks with sparging. Tanks filled with clay were mixed with various amounts of powdered dye as a tracer. The objective of the entire project was to determine the best mixing protocol (nozzle velocity, number of spargers used, total air flow, etc.) by determining the percent mixed volume through the use of an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The dye concentration within the sample could be correlated to the volume fraction mixed in the tank. Samples were received in vials, a series of dilutions were generated from the clay, allowed to equilibrate, then centrifuged and siphoned for the supernate liquid to analyze by absorption spectroscopy. Equilibration of the samples and thorough mixing of the samples were a continuous issue with dilution curves being difficult to obtain. Despite these technical issues, useful data was obtained for evaluation of various mix conditions.
Molecular Jet of IRAS 04166+2706
The molecular outflow from IRAS 04166+2706 was mapped with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at 350 GHz continuum and CO J = 3$-$2 at an angular resolution of ~1 arcsec. The field of view covers the central arc-minute, which contains the inner four pairs of knots of the molecular jet. On the channel map, conical structures are clearly present in the low velocity range (|V$-$V$_0$|$$|V$-$V$_0$|$>$30 km $s^{-1}$). The higher angular resolution of ~1 arcsec reveals the first blue-shifted knot (B1) that was missing in previous PdBI observation of Sant\\'iago-Garc\\'a et al. (2009) at an offset of ~6 arcsec to the North-East of the central source. This identification completes the symmetric sequence of knots in both the blue- and red-shifted lobes of the outflow. The innermost knots R1 and B1 have the highest velocities within the sequence. Although the general features appear to be similar to previous CO J = 2$-$1 images in Sant\\'iago-Garc\\'a et al. (2009), the emission in CO J = 3$-$2 almost always peaks further away ...
Wang, Liang-Yao; Su, Yu-Nung; Santiago-García, Joaquín; Tafalla, Mario; Zhang, Qizhou; Hirano, Naomi; Lee, Chin-Fei
Hadronic production of a Higgs boson and two jets at next-to-leading order
We perform an update of the next-to-leading order calculation of the rate for Higgs boson production in association with two jets. Our new calculation incorporates the full analytic result for the one-loop virtual amplitude. This new theoretical information allows us to construct a code including the decay of the Higgs boson without incurring a prohibitive penalty in computer running time. Results are presented for the Tevatron, where implications for the Higgs search are sketched, and also for a range of scenarios at the LHC.
Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R.Keith; Williams, Ciaran
H-mode fueling optimization with the supersonic deuterium jet in NSTX
High-performance, long-pulse 0.7-1.2 MA 6-7 MW NBI-heated small-ELM H-mode plasma discharges are developed in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) as prototypes for confinement and current drive extrapolations to future spherical tori. It is envisioned that innovative lithium coating techniques for H-mode density pumping and a supersonic deuterium jet for plasma refueling will be used to achieve the low pedestal collisionality and low n{sub e}/n{sub G} fractions (0.3-0.6), both of which being essential conditions for maximizing the non-inductive (bootstrap and beam driven) current fractions. The low field side supersonic gas injector (SGI) on NSTX consists of a small converging-diverging graphite Laval nozzle and a piezoelectric gas valve. The nozzle is capable of producing a deuterium jet with Mach number M {le} 4, estimated gas density at the nozzle exit n {le} 5 x 10{sup 23} m{sup -3}, estimated temperature T {ge} 70 K, and flow velocity v = 2:4 km/s. The nozzle Reynolds number Reis {approx_equal} 6000. The nozzle and the valve are enclosed in a protective carbon fiber composite shroud and mounted on a movable probe at a midplane port location. Despite the beneficial L-mode fueling experience with supersonic jets in limiter tokamaks, there is a limited experience with fueling of high-performance H-mode divertor discharges and the associated density, MHD stability, and MARFE limits. In initial supersonic deuterium jet fueling experiments in NSTX, a reliable H-mode access, a low NBI power threshold, P{sub LH} {le} 2 MW, and a high fueling efficiency (0.1-0.4) have been demonstrated. Progress has also been made toward a better control of the injected fueling gas by decreasing the uncontrolled high field side (HFS) injector fueling rate by up to 95 % and complementing it with the supersonic jet fueling. These results motivated recent upgrades to the SGI gas delivery and control systems. The new SGI-Upgrade (SGI-U) capabilities include multi-pulse ms-scale controls and a reservoir gas pressure up to P{sub 0} = 5000 Torr. In this paper we summarize recent progress toward optimization of H-mode fueling in NSTX using the SGI-U.
Soukhanovskii, V A; Bell, M G; Bell, R E; Gates, D A; Kaita, R; Kugel, H W; LeBlanc, B P; Lundberg, D P; Maingi, R; Menard, J E; Raman, R; Roquemore, A L; Stotler, D P
Composition-explicit distillation curves of aviation fuel JP-8 and a coal-based jet fuel
We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis); (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points; (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for an equation of state development; (4) consistency with a century of historical data; (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction; (6) a trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction; and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The most significant modification is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasoline, and jet fuels. In this paper, we present the application of the technique to representative batches of the military aviation fuel JP-8, and also to a coal-derived fuel developed as a potential substitute. We present not only the distillation curves but also a chemical characterization of each fraction and discuss the contrasts between the two fluids. 26 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs.
Beverly L. Smith; Thomas J. Bruno [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO (United States). Physical and Chemical Properties Division
Measurement of Hadronic Event Shapes and Jet Substructure in Proton-Proton Collisions at 7.0 TeV Center-of-Mass Energy with the ATLAS Detector at the Large Hadron Collider
This thesis presents the first measurement of 6 hadronic event shapes in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of {radical}s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Results are presented at the particle-level, permitting comparisons to multiple Monte Carlo event generator tools. Numerous tools and techniques that enable detailed analysis of the hadronic final state at high luminosity are described. The approaches presented utilize the dual strengths of the ATLAS calorimeter and tracking systems to provide high resolution and robust measurements of the hadronic jets that constitute both a background and a signal throughout ATLAS physics analyses. The study of the hadronic final state is then extended to jet substructure, where the energy flow and topology within individual jets is studied at the detector level and techniques for estimating systematic uncertainties for such measurements are commissioned in the first data. These first substructure measurements in ATLAS include the jet mass and sub-jet multiplicity as well as those concerned with multi-body hadronic decays and color flow within jets. Finally, the first boosted hadronic object observed at the LHC - the decay of the top quark to a single jet - is presented.
Miller, David Wilkins
Evaluation of the computerized utilities energy monitoring and control system installed at the US Military Community at Goeppingen, Germany
Under the provisions of an Interagency Agreement between the US Army and the Department of Energy, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is evaluating the Utilities and Energy Monitoring and Control System (UEMCS) installed at the US Military Community Activity at Goeppingen, Germany. This evaluation relies on examination of existing data and information to determine the effectiveness of the UEMCS. The Goeppingen UEMCS is an integral part of a combined UEMCS/district heating system which includes the UEMCS at Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany. The system was installed during 1985 and 1986. The UEMCS at Goeppingen and Schwaebisch Gmuend are both well designed, implemented, and maintained. The UEMCS is operated in a supervisory mode with distributed intelligence in local controllers. At present, the UEMCS is operated in a supervisory mode with distributed intelligence in local controllers. At present, the UEMCS at Schwaebisch Gmuend does not have a central computer, but requires only a dedicated phone line to couple with the one at Goeppingen. Though the conversion to district heat has produced the majority of energy savings, the UEMCS day/night setback program also contributes substantially, with additional savings from start/stop programs, such as seasonal switchover, and various temperature control programs. Further opportunities for savings exist in increasing monitoring and control of water usage and connecting the community`s electrical network to the UEMCS, permitting demand limiting and increased power factor control.
Purucker, S.L.; Gettings, M.B.
Sooting characteristics of surrogates for jet fuels
Currently, modeling the combustion of aviation fuels, such as JP-8 and JetA, is not feasible due to the complexity and compositional variation of these practical fuels. Surrogate fuel mixtures, composed of a few pure hydrocarbon compounds, are a key step toward modeling the combustion of practical aviation fuels. For the surrogate to simulate the practical fuel, the composition must be designed to reproduce certain pre-designated chemical parameters such as sooting tendency, H/C ratio, autoignition, as well as physical parameters such as boiling range and density. In this study, we focused only on the sooting characteristics based on the Threshold Soot Index (TSI). New measurements of TSI values derived from the smoke point along with other sooting tendency data from the literature have been combined to develop a set of recommended TSI values for pure compounds used to make surrogate mixtures. When formulating the surrogate fuel mixtures, the TSI values of the components are used to predict the TSI of the mixture. To verify the empirical mixture rule for TSI, the TSI values of several binary mixtures of candidate surrogate components were measured. Binary mixtures were also used to derive a TSI for iso-cetane, which had not previously been measured, and to verify the TSI for 1-methylnaphthalene, which had a low smoke point and large relative uncertainty as a pure compound. Lastly, surrogate mixtures containing three components were tested to see how well the measured TSI values matched the predicted values, and to demonstrate that a target value for TSI can be maintained using various components, while also holding the H/C ratio constant. (author)
Mensch, Amy; Santoro, Robert J.; Litzinger, Thomas A. [Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, and The Propulsion Engineering Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); Lee, S.-Y. [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 (United States)
This report summarizes results from pulse jet mixing (PJM) tests with noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid. The tests were conducted during FY 2007 and 2008 to support the design of mixing systems for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Tests were conducted at three geometric scales using noncohesive simulants, and the test data were used to develop models predicting two measures of mixing performance for full-scale WTP vessels. The models predict the cloud height (the height to which solids will be lifted by the PJM action) and the critical suspension velocity (the minimum velocity needed to ensure all solids are suspended off the floor, though not fully mixed). From the cloud height, the concentration of solids at the pump inlet can be estimated. The predicted critical suspension velocity for lifting all solids is not precisely the same as the mixing requirement for 'disturbing' a sufficient volume of solids, but the values will be similar and closely related. These predictive models were successfully benchmarked against larger scale tests and compared well with results from computational fluid dynamics simulations. The application of the models to assess mixing in WTP vessels is illustrated in examples for 13 distinct designs and selected operational conditions. The values selected for these examples are not final; thus, the estimates of performance should not be interpreted as final conclusions of design adequacy or inadequacy. However, this work does reveal that several vessels may require adjustments to design, operating features, or waste feed properties to ensure confidence in operation. The models described in this report will prove to be valuable engineering tools to evaluate options as designs are finalized for the WTP. Revision 1 refines data sets used for model development and summarizes models developed since the completion of Revision 0.
Meyer, Perry A.; Bamberger, Judith A.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fort, James A.; Wells, Beric E.; Sundaram, S. K.; Scott, Paul A.; Minette, Michael J.; Smith, Gary L.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Greenwood, Margaret S.; Morgen, Gerald P.; Baer, Ellen BK; Snyder, Sandra F.; White, Michael K.; Piepel, Gregory F.; Amidan, Brett G.; Heredia-Langner, Alejandro
Formation and destruction of jets in X-ray binaries
Neutron-star and black-hole X-ray binaries (XRBs) exhibit radio jets, whose properties depend on the X-ray spectral state and history of the source. In particular, black-hole XRBs emit compact, steady radio jets when they are in the so-called hard state, the jets become eruptive as the sources move toward the soft state, disappear in the soft state, and re-appear when the sources return to the hard state. On the other hand, jets from neutron-star X-ray binaries are typically weaker radio emitters than the black-hole ones at the same X-ray luminosity and in some cases radio emission is detected in the soft state. Significant phenomenology has been accumulated so far regarding the spectral states of neutron-star and black-hole XRBs, and there is general agreement about the type of the accretion disk around the compact object in the various spectral states. Our aim is to investigate whether the phenomenology regarding the X-ray emission on one hand and the jet appearance and disappearance on the other can be put...
Kylafis, N D; Kazanas, D; Christodoulou, D M
Amoco and Lummus Crest, under a contract with the United States Department of Energy, are evaluating the process options and economics for upgrading the naphtha, crude phenols, and tar oil by-products from the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant to jet fuels and other salable products. Conceptual processing schemes for maximizing the production of Grades JP-4, JP-8, and high-density (JP-8X) jet fuels, for maximizing profits, and for profitable production of each of the three jet fuels from the by-product liquids have been developed. Economic analyses of the designs show that jet fuel can be produced from the by-products, but not economically. However, jet fuel production could be subsidized profitably by processing the phenolic and naphtha streams to cresols, phenols, BTX, and other valuable chemical by-products. Uncertainties in the studies are marketability of the chemical by-products, replacement fuel costs, and viable schemes to process the phenol stream, among others. 8 figs., 2 tabs.
Aspects of jet quenching as a diffractive phenomenon
We argue that the collisional aspects of jet quenching in a high energy nuclear collision are perhaps best understood as a diffractive phenomenon. The jet has a large energy, and acquires momentum transverse to its axis more effectively by multiple soft collisions than by few hard scatterings (as known from analogous systems such as $J/\\psi$ production at Hera). Such regime of large E and small momentum transfer is characteristically dominated by the pomeron. From this insight we estimate the jet quenching parameter in the hadron medium (largely a pion gas) at the end of the collision, which is naturally small and increases with temperature in line with the gas density. The treatment of diffraction in the quark-gluon plasma/liquid phase is beset with uncertainties, but we provide a couple of preliminary guesses that suggest indeed that the pomeron-mediated interactions are very relevant and provide a further handle on the jet quenching parameter, that perturbation theory seems to underestimate. Finally, the ocasional hard collisions produce features characteristic of a L\\'evy flight in the ${\\bf q}_\\perp^2$ plane perpendicular to the jet axis. We suggest one- and two-particle ${\\bf q}_\\perp$ correlations as interesting experimental probes.
Carlos Hidalgo-Duque; Felipe J. Llanes-Estrada
Commissioning of the ITER-like ICRF antenna for JET
The new JET ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) ITER-like antenna (ILA), which was assembled during 2006, was commissioned on the JET RF testbed prior to installation on the JET torus. The 4 resonant double loops (RDL) of the ILA were tested at high power at 42 MHz up to 42 kV for 5 s in 10 min intervals. Low power matching studies using a saltwater load placed in front of the ILA have allowed testing and optimizing proposed matching algorithms on single RDLs, paired RDLs and finally on the full array. The upper limit of the frequency range of the ILA appears to be limited to 47 49 MHz due to the effect on the electrical lengths of the connection between the capacitors and the conjugate T point. Capacitor position scans have allowed obtaining the necessary data to confirm the RF model of the RDL which is necessary for the scattering matrix arc detection. The latter is deemed necessary in order to detect arcs at the low impedance conjugate T of the circuit. The antenna was installed onto JET during August 2007 and commissioning on plasma started May 2008. At present the commissioning of the ILA on JET is ongoing in a series of dedicated experimental campaigns.
Durodie, F. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Dumortier, P. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Huygen, S. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Jachmich, S. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Lerche, E. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Messiaen, A. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Ongena, J. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Van Eester, D. [Laboratory for Plasma Physics-ERM/KMS (LPP-ERM/KMS), Brussels, Belgium; Vervier, M. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Vrancken, M. [ERM-KMS, Association EURATOM-Belgian State, Brussels, Belgium; Nightingale, M. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Blackman, T. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Edwards, P. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Fanthome, J. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Graham, M. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Jacquet, P. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Kaye, A. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Mayoral, M. -L. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Monakhov, I. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Nicholls, K. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Stork, D. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Walden, A. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Whitehurst, A. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Zastrow, K. -D. [EURATOM / UKAEA, Abingdon, UK; Argouarch, A. [CEA-Cadarache, St. Paul lex Durance, France; Berger-By, G. [CEA-Cadarache, St. Paul lex Durance, France; Loarer, T. [CEA-Cadarache, St. Paul lex Durance, France; Rimini, F. [CEA-Cadarache, St. Paul lex Durance, France; Castano-Giraldo, C. [University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Caughman, John B [ORNL; Goulding, Richard Howell [ORNL; Cocilovo, V. [Association Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, Italy; Frigione, D. [Association Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, Italy; Sozzi, C. [Association Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, Italy; Hobrik, J. [Max-Planck-Institut fu?r Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Garching, Germany; Lamalle, Philippe [ITER Joint Work Site, Cadarache; Nave, M. F. F. [Association EURATOM/IST, Lisbon, Portugal; Tsalas, M. [Association EURATOM-Hellas, Attica, Greece
We argue that the collisional aspects of jet quenching in a high energy nuclear collision are perhaps best understood as a diffractive phenomenon. The jet has a large energy, and acquires momentum transverse to its axis more effectively by multiple soft collisions than by few hard scatterings (as known from analogous systems such as J/psi production at Hera). Such regime of large E and small momentum transfer is characteristically dominated by the pomeron. From this insight we estimate the jet quenching parameter in the hadron medium (largely a pion gas) at the end of the collision, which is naturally small and increases with temperature in line with the gas density. The treatment of diffraction in the quark-gluon plasma/liquid phase is beset with uncertainties, but we provide a couple of preliminary guesses that suggest indeed that the pomeron-mediated interactions are very relevant and provide a further handle on the jet quenching parameter, that perturbation theory seems to underestimate. Finally, the ocasional hard collisions produce features characteristic of a L\\`evy flight in the q_perp^2 plane perpendicular to the jet axis. We suggest one- and two-particle q_perp correlations as interesting experimental probes.
The San Andres Formation is one of the major hydrocarbon-producing units in the Permian Basin, with multiple reservoirs contained within the dolomitized subtidal portions of upward shoaling carbonate shelf cycles. The test well is located in Tedbit (San Andres) Field in northeastern Gaines County, Texas, in an area of scattered San Andres production associated with local structural highs. Selected on the basis of geological and historical data, the Oil and Gas Properties Wood No. 1 well is considered to be typical of a large number of San Andres stripper wells in the Permian Basin. Thus, successful completion of horizontal drain holes in this well would demonstrate a widely applicable enhanced recovery technology. Water-jet horizontal drilling is an emerging technology with the potential to provide significant economic benefits in marginal wells. Forecast benefits include lower recompletion costs and improved hydrocarbon recoveries. The technology utilizes water under high pressure, conveyed through small-diameter coiled tubing, to jet horizontal drain holes into producing formations. Testing of this technology was conducted with inconclusive results. Paraffin sludge and mechanical problems were encountered in the wellbore, initially preventing the water-jet tool from reaching the kick-off point. After correcting these problems and attempting to cut a casing window with the water-jet milling assembly, lateral jetting was attempted without success.
Michael W. Rose
An Independent Derivation of the Oxford Jet Kinetic Luminosity Formula
This letter presents a theoretical derivation of an estimate for a radio source jet kinetic luminosity. The expression yields jet powers that are quantitatively similar to a more sophisticated empirical relation published by the Willott, Blundell and Rawlings at Oxford. The formula allows one to estimate the jet kinetic luminosity from the measurement of the optically thin radio lobe emission in quasars and radio galaxies. Motivated by recent X-ray observation, the derivation assumes that most of the energy in the lobes is in plasma thermal energy with a negligible contribution from magnetic energy (not equipartition). The close agreement of the two independent expressions makes the veracity of these estimates seem very plausible.
Brian Punsly
Production of jet fuels from coal derived liquids
Amoco and Lummus Crest have developed seven cases for upgrading by-product liquids from the Great Plains Coal Gasification Plant to jet fuels, and in several of the cases, saleable chemicals in addition to jet fuels. The analysis shows that the various grades of jet fuel can be produced from the Great Plains tar oil, but not economically. However, the phenolic and naphtha streams do have the potential to significantly increase (on the order of $10--15 million/year) the net revenues at Great Plains by producing chemicals, especially cresylic acid, cresol, and xylenol. The amount of these chemicals, which can be marketed, is a concern, but profits can be generated even when oxygenated chemical sales are limited to 10 percent of the US market. Another concern is that while commercial processes exist to extract phenolic mixtures, these processes have not been demonstrated with the Great Plains phenolic stream. 9 refs., 24 figs., 14 tabs.
Fleming, B.A.; Fox, J.D.; Furlong, M.W.; Masin, J.G.; Sault, L.P.; Tatterson, D.F. (Amoco Oil Co., Naperville, IL (USA). Research and Development Dept.); Fornoff, L.L.; Link, M.A.; Stahlnecker, E.; Torster, K. (Lummus Crest, Inc., Bloomfield, NJ (USA))
Effects of geometry on slot-jet film cooling performance
Physics of film cooling for shaped, inclined slot-jets with realistic slot-length-to-width ratios is studied for a range of blowing ratio and density ratio parameters typical of gas turbine operations. Effect of inlet and exit shaping of the slot-jet on both flow and thermal field is isolated, and the dominant mechanisms responsible for differences in these items are documented. A computation method was used to study 4 configurations. Field results and surface phenomena are presented. Both adiabatic film effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient are vital in assessing film cooling performance. Performance of two popular turbulence models were studied to evaluate ability to handle highly elliptic jet/crossflow interaction type processes. The simulations were consistent.
Hyams, D.G.; McGovern, K.T.; Leyiek, J.H. [Clemson Univ., SC (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
The Design and Performance of the ATLAS jet trigger
The ATLAS jet trigger, in combination with other triggers, provides an important ingredient to studies of Standard Model physics and searches for new physics at the LHC. The ATLAS jet trigger system has undergone substantial modifications over the past few years of LHC operations, as experience developed with triggering in a high luminosity and high event pileup environment. In particular, the region-of-interest (ROI) based strategy has been replaced by a full scan of the calorimeter data at the third trigger level, and by a full scan of the level-1 trigger input at level-2 for some specific trigger chains. Hadronic calibration and cleaning techniques are applied in order to provide improved performance and increased stability in high luminosity data taking conditions. In this presentation we describe the structure and performance of the jet trigger in recent data taking conditions.
Rubbo, F; The ATLAS collaboration
Physical properties of blazar jets from VLBI observations
(abridged) Relativistic jets, formed in the vicinity of central supermassive black holes in AGN, show ample evidence connecting them to physical conditions in the accretion disc and broad-line region. The jets are responsible for a large fraction of non-thermal continuum emission (particularly during powerful flares), which makes understanding their physics an important aspect of studies of blazars characterised by profound flaring activity arising from extremely compact regions. Imaging and polarimetry of radio emission on milliarcsecond scales provided by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) offers a range of possibilities for studying ultra-compact regions in relativistic jets and relating them to main manifestations of the blazar activity in AGN. Simultaneous monitoring of optical/high energy variability and evolution of parsec-scale radio structures yields arguably the most detailed picture of the relation between acceleration and propagation of relativistic flows and non-thermal continuum generation...
Lobanov, Andrei
Heavy Rain in the Middle East Related to Unusual Jet Stream Properties
A major and fatal flooding event illustrative of rare similar cases in the Middle East was related to unusual characteristics of the jet stream. Contrary to the usual conditions, the jet stream had anticyclonic curvature and sloped northward with ...
Uri Dayan; Richard Abramski
On the Mechanism Underlying the Spontaneous Emergence of Barotropic Zonal Jets
Zonal jets are commonly observed to spontaneously emerge in a ?-plane channel from a background of turbulence that is sustained in a statistical steady state by homogeneous stochastic excitation and dissipation of vorticity. The mechanism for jet ...
Nikolaos A. Bakas; Petros J. Ioannou
Asymmetry of an Equilibrated Gulf Stream–Type Jet over Topographic Slope
The symmetry properties of the Gulf Stream–type jet equilibrated over topographic slope are investigated in a series of idealized numerical experiments. A baroclinically unstable zonal jet equilibrates over a sloping bottom through the process of ...
Sergei A. Frolov; Georgi G. Sutyrin; Isaac Ginis
Gas jet disruption mitigation studies on Alcator C-Mod and DIII-D
High-pressure noble gas jet injection is a mitigation technique which potentially satisfies the requirements of fast response time and reliability, without degrading subsequent discharges. Previously reported gas jet ...
Hollmann, E. M.
Active noise control in supersonic impinging jets using pulsed microjets : actuator design, reduced-order modeling
In recent years, it has been demonstrated that direct microjet injection into the shear layer of the main jet disrupts the feedback loop inherent in high speed impinging jet flows, thereby significantly reduces the adverse ...
Choi, Jae Jeen, 1975-
Climatology of Storm Reports Relative to Upper-Level Jet Streaks
Using quasigeostrophic arguments and numerical simulations, past works have developed conceptual models of vertical circulations induced by linear and curved jet streaks. Because jet-induced vertical motion could influence the development of ...
Adam J. Clark; Christopher J. Schaffer; William A. Gallus Jr.; Kaj Johnson-O'Mara
The Hydraulics of an Evolving Upwelling Jet Flowing around a Cape
Upwelling jets flow alongshore in approximate geostrophic balance with the onshore pressure gradient induced by coastal upwelling. Observations of such jets have shown that they often move offshore downstream of capes, leaving a pool of upwelled ...
Andrew C. Dale; John A. Barth
Generation and Propagation of Inertia–Gravity Waves from Vortex Dipoles and Jets
This study investigates gravity wave generation and propagation from jets within idealized vortex dipoles using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. Two types of initially balanced and localized jets induced by vortex dipoles are examined here. ...
Shuguang Wang; Fuqing Zhang; Chris Snyder
Equatorial Jets in Decaying Shallow-Water Turbulence on a Rotating Sphere
Ensemble experiments of decaying shallow-water turbulence on a rotating sphere are performed to confirm the robustness of the emergence of an equatorial jet. While previous studies have reported that the equatorial jets emerging in shallow-water ...
Yuji Kitamura; Keiichi Ishioka
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF CHEMILUMINESCENCE SENSING FOR SYNGAS, METHANE AND JET-A COMBUSTION of Technology August 2008 #12;MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF CHEMILUMINESCENCE SENSING FOR SYNGAS, METHANE AND JET
Seitzman, Jerry M.
Emergence of Jets from Turbulence in the Shallow-Water Equations on an Equatorial Beta Plane
Coherent jets, such as the Jovian banded winds, are a prominent feature of rotating turbulence. Shallow-water turbulence models capture the essential mechanism of jet formation, which is systematic eddy momentum flux directed up the mean velocity ...
Large Scale Simulations of Jets in Dense and Magnetised Environments
We report two simulations that have been carried out at the SX-5 at HLRS (Stuttgart). One simulation is axisymmetric and purely hydrodynamic, but with a resolution of 20 points per beam-radius (ppb). The bipolar jet is injected in the center of a spherically symmetric King profile, initially underdense to its environment by a factor of 10,000. As expected from our previous work, the jet starts with producing a spherical bubble around it, bounded by the bow shock. The bubble slowly elongates, first with roughly elliptical shape, and then forms narrower extensions in beam direction. The final aspect ratio of the bow shock is 1.8. We have transformed the results on a 3D-rectangular grid and integrated the emission properties to compare the results with observed central cluster radio galaxies. In the particular case of Cygnus A, we come to convincing consistency, morphologically, regarding the size of the influenced region by the jet, size, and cylindrical shape of the radio cocoon, and source age. This strongly supports our earlier hypothesis on the nature of the jet in Cygnus A, and the derived constraints on other jet parameters like a power of $8 \\times 10^{46}$ erg/s and an age of 27 Myr. But, the simulation also clearly shows the shortcoming of the model: The jet's beam is very unstable, reaching the tip of the bow shock only very seldom. Also, the contact discontinuity between shocked beam plasma and shocked ambient gas is quite disrupted by the action of the Kelvin-Helmholtz-instability. This is not seen in observations, and necessitates the presence of dynamically important magnetic fields or an at least moderately relativistic flow, or both. [abridged
Martin G. H. Krause; Max Camenzind
Water is used for many purposes, includ-ing growing crops, producing copper,
WATER USES Water is used for many purposes, includ- ing growing crops, producing copper, generating electricity, watering lawns, keeping clean, drinking and recreation. Bal- ancing the water budget comes down of the water budget. Reducing demand involves re- ducing how much water each person uses, lim- iting the number
QCD Corrections to Jet Correlations in Weak Boson Fusion
Higgs boson production via weak boson fusion is sensitive to the tensor structure of the HVV (V=W,Z) couplings, which distinguishes loop induced vertices from SM expectations. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider this information shows up most clearly in the azimuthal angle correlations of the two forward and backward quark jets which are typical for weak boson fusion. We calculate the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to this process, in the presence of anomalous HVV couplings. Gluon emission does not significantly change the azimuthal jet correlations.
Terrance Figy; Dieter Zeppenfeld
Upgrade of the JET far infrared interferometer diagnostic
In recent years there has been a major upgrade of the JET far infrared diagnostic system consisting of a new laser system with the wavelength at 118.8 {mu}m at and more advanced processing electronics for phase counting. This provides a second colour measurement of the electron plasma density on the vertical system. Due to the shorter wavelength, the plasma induced laser beam refraction is reduced by a factor of three alleviating density errors caused by loss of signal (so-called 'fringe jumps'[A. Murari et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 073505 (2006)]), in particular during high performance plasmas experiments in JET.
Boboc, A.; Edlington, T.; Dorling, S. [EURATOM/CCFE Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB (United Kingdom); Gil, C.; Pastor, P.; Spuig, P. [CEA, IRFM, Cadarache F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France); Collaboration: JET-EFDA Contributors
Velocity Profiles in a Cylindrical Liquid Jet by Reconstructed Velocimetry
in such a way that the jet boundaries appeared sharply focused. The Newtonian liquid used in all the experiments was a mixture of 74.7% glycerol (99.9% pure) with 25.3% tri- distilled water (weight percentage). Its measured properties were: density ? = 1250... dynamics theory (or numerical simulations) for un-wetted nozzles, but to explore the effects of nozzle wetting on the velocity profiles. It is well-known that nozzle face wetting slightly enlarges the jet diameter for some distance down- stream from...
Castrejon-Pita, J.R.; Hoath, S.D.; Hutchings, I.M.
SUBJECT: Manual of Military Decorations and Awards: General Information, Medal of
a. Manual. In accordance with the authority in DoD Directive 5124.02 (Reference (a)) and the guidance in DoD Instruction (DoDI) 1348.33 (Reference (b)), this Manual implements the DoD Military Awards Program policies and procedures. b. Volume. This Volume: (1) Provides procedures for preparation and submittal of: recommendations for the Medal of Honor (MOH) and Defense/Joint decorations and awards; out-of-Service requests for awards; lost award recommendations; posthumous awards; award replacement; and reconsideration of award recommendations. (2) Provides detailed information regarding DoD MOH criteria. (3) Provides detailed information regarding Defense/Joint decorations and awards,
Technical analysis of US Army Weapons Systems and related advanced technologies of military interest. Final report
This report summarizes the activities and accomplishments of an US Army technology security project designed to identify and develop effective policy guidelines for militarily critical technologies in specific Army systems and in broad generic technology areas of military interest, Individual systems analyses are documented in separate Weapons Systems Technical Assessments (WSTAs) and the general generic technology areas are evaluated in the Advanced Technology Assessment Reports (ATARs), However, specific details of these assessments are not addressed here, only recommendations regarding aspects of the defined approach, methodology, and format are provided and discussed.
South Carolina Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel All Sales/Deliveries by ...
South Carolina Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel All Sales/Deliveries by Prime Supplier (Thousand Gallons per Day)
Single-Phase Self-Oscillating Jets for Enhanced Heat Transfer: Preprint
Self-oscillating jets have potential to cool insulated gate bipolar transistors in vehicle power electronics modules.
Narumanchi, S.; Kelly, K.; Mihalic, M.; Gopalan, S.; Hester, R.; Vlahinos, A.
Azimuthal decorrelations and multiple parton interactions in photon+2 jet and photon+3 jet events in ppbar collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
Samples of inclusive {gamma} + 2 jet and {gamma} + 3 jet events collected by the D0 experiment with an integrated luminosity of about 1 fb{sup -1} in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV are used to measure cross sections as a function of the angle in the plane transverse to the beam direction between the transverse momentum (p{sub T}) of the {gamma} + leading jet system (jets are ordered in p{sub T}) and p{sub T} of the other jet for {gamma} + 2 jet, or p{sub T} sum of the two other jets for {gamma} + 3 jet events. The results are compared to different models of multiple parton interactions (MPI) in the pythia and sherpa Monte Carlo (MC) generators. The data indicate a contribution from events with double parton (DP) interactions and are well described by predictions provided by the pythia MPI models with p{sub T}-ordered showers and by sherpa with the default MPI model. The {gamma} + 2 jet data are also used to determine the fraction of events with DP interactions as a function of the azimuthal angle and as a function of the second jet p{sub T}.
Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich; /Dubna, JINR; Abbott, Braden Keim; /Oklahoma U.; Acharya, Bannanje Sripath; /Tata Inst.; Adams, Mark Raymond; /Illinois U., Chicago; Adams, Todd; /Florida State U.; Alexeev, Guennadi D.; /Dubna, JINR; Alkhazov, Georgiy D.; /St. Petersburg, INP; Alton, Andrew K.; /Michigan U. /Augustana Coll., Sioux Falls; Alverson, George O.; /Northeastern U.; Alves, Gilvan Augusto; /Rio de Janeiro, CBPF; Ancu, Lucian Stefan; /Nijmegen U. /Serpukhov, IHEP
Fighting For the Nation: Military Service, Popular Political Mobilization and the Creation of Modern Puerto Rican National Identities: 1868-1952.
??This project explores the military and political mobilization of rural and urban working sectors of Puerto Rican society as the Island transitioned from Spanish to… (more)
Franqui, Harry
Stocks of Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel
-No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: Stocks include