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The Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand. The Māori originated with settlers from eastern Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of canoe voyages at some time between 1250 and 1300 CE.[7][8] Over several centuries in isolation, the Polynesian settlers developed a unique culture that became known as the "Māori", with their own language, a rich mythology, distinctive crafts and performing arts. Early Māori formed tribal groups, based on eastern Polynesian social customs and organisation. Horticulture flourished using plants they introduced, and later a prominent warrior culture emerged.
The arrival of Europeans to New Zealand starting from the 17th century brought enormous change to the Māori way of life. Māori people gradually adopted many aspects of Western society and culture. Initial relations between Māori and Europeans were largely amicable, and with the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 the two cultures coexisted as part of a new British colony. Rising tensions over disputed land sales led to conflict in the 1860s. Social upheaval, decades of conflict and epidemics of introduced disease took a devastating toll on the Māori population, which went into a dramatic decline. But by the start of the 20th century the Māori population had begun to recover, and efforts were made to increase their standing in wider New Zealand society. Traditional Māori culture has enjoyed a revival, and a protest movement emerged in the 1960s advocating Māori issues.
In the 2006 census, there were an estimated 620,000 Māori in New Zealand, making up roughly 15% of the national population. They are the second-largest ethnic group in New Zealand, after European New Zealanders ("Pākehā"). In addition there are over 120,000 Māori living in Australia. The Māori language (known as Te Reo Māori) is spoken to some extent by about a quarter of all Māori, and 4% of the total population, although many New Zealanders regularly use Māori words and expressions, such as "kia ora", in normal speech. Māori are active in all spheres of New Zealand culture and society, with independent representation in areas such as media, politics and sport.
Disproportionate numbers of Māori face significant economic and social obstacles, with lower life expectancies and incomes compared with other New Zealand ethnic groups, in addition to higher levels of crime, health problems and educational under-achievement. Socioeconomic initiatives have been implemented aimed at closing the gap between Māori and other New Zealanders. Political redress for historical grievances is also ongoing.
In the Māori language the word māori means "normal", "natural" or "ordinary". In legends and oral traditions, the word distinguished ordinary mortal human beings—tāngata māori—from deities and spirits (wairua);[9][i] likewise wai māori denoted "fresh water" as opposed to salt water. There are cognate words in most Polynesian languages,[10] all deriving from Proto-Polynesian *ma(a)qoli, which has the reconstructed meaning "true, real, genuine".
Naming and self-naming
Early visitors from Europe to New Zealand generally referred to the inhabitants as "New Zealanders" or as "natives", but Māori became the term used by Māori to describe themselves in a pan-tribal sense.
Māori people often use the term tangata whenua (literally, "people of the land") to describe themselves in a way that emphasises their relationship with a particular area of land – a tribe may be the tangata whenua in one area, but not in another. The term can also refer to Māori as a whole in relation to New Zealand (Aotearoa) as a whole.
The Maori Purposes Act of 1947 required the use of the term "Maori" rather than "Native" in official usage, and the Department of Native Affairs became the Department of Māori Affairs. It is now Te Puni Kōkiri, or the Ministry for Māori Development.
Before 1974 ancestry determined the legal definition of "a Māori person". For example, bloodlines determined whether a person should enrol on the general electoral roll or the separate Māori. In 1947 the authorities determined that one man, five-eighths Māori, had improperly voted in the general parliamentary electorate of Raglan.[13] The Māori Affairs Amendment Act 1974 changed the definition to one of cultural self-identification. In matters involving money (for example scholarships or Waitangi Tribunal settlements), authorities generally require some demonstration of ancestry or cultural connection, but no minimum "blood" requirement exists.
The Māori settlement of New Zealand represents an end-point of a long chain of island hopping voyages in the South Pacific.
The most current reliable evidence strongly indicates that initial settlement of New Zealand occurred around 1280 CE at the end of the medieval warm period. Previous dating of some Kiore (Polynesian rat) bones at 50–150 CE has now been shown to have been unreliable; new samples of bone (and now also of unequivocally rat-gnawed woody seed cases) match the 1280 date of the earliest archaeological sites and the beginning of sustained deforestation by humans.
Māori oral history describes the arrival of ancestors from Hawaiki (the mythical homeland in tropical Polynesia), in large ocean-going waka. Migration accounts vary among tribes (iwi), whose members may identify with several waka in their genealogies (whakapapa). There is limited evidence of return, or attempted return voyages, from archaeological evidence in the Kermadec Islands.
No credible evidence exists of human settlement in New Zealand before the Polynesian voyagers. Compelling evidence from archaeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology indicates that the first settlers came from east Polynesia and became the Māori. Language evolution studies and mitochondrial DNA evidence suggest that most Pacific populations originated from Taiwanese aborigines around 5,200 years ago (suggesting before migration from the Asian or Chinese mainland),[18] moving down through Southeast Asia and Indonesia.
Archaic period (1280-1500)
The earliest period of Māori settlement is known as the "Archaic", "Moahunter" or "Colonisation" period. The eastern Polynesian ancestors of the Māori arrived in a forested land with abundant birdlife, including several now extinct moa species weighing from 20 to 250 kilograms (40 to 550 lb). Other species, also now extinct, included a swan, a goose and the giant Haast's Eagle, which preyed upon the moa. Marine mammals, in particular seals, thronged the coasts, with coastal colonies much further north than today. At the Waitaki river mouth huge numbers of Moa bones estimated at 29,000 to 90,000 birds have been located. Further South, at the Shag River mouth at least 6,000 moa were slaughtered over a relatively short period.
Archaeology has shown that the Otago Region was the node of Māori cultural development during this time, and the majority of archaic settlements were on or within 10 km (6 mi) of the coast, though it was common to establish small temporary camps far inland. Settlements ranged in size from 40 people (e.g., Palliser Bay in Wellington) to 300–400 people, with 40 buildings (e.g., Shag River (Waihemo)). The best known and most extensively studied Archaic site is at Wairau Bar in the South Island. The site is similar to eastern Polynesian nucleated villages. Radio carbon dating shows it was occupied from about 1288 to 1300. Due to tectonic forces, some of the Wairau Bar site is now underwater. Work on the Wairau Bar skeletons in 2010 showed that life expectancy was very short. The oldest skeleton being 39 and most people dying in their 20s. Most of the adults showed signs of dietary or infection stress. Anaemia and arthritis were common. Infections such as TB may have been present as the symptoms were present in several skeletons. On average the adults were taller than other South Pacific people at 175 for males and 161 for females.
The Archaic period is remarkable for the lack of weapons and fortifications so typical of the later "Classic" Māori, and for its distinctive "reel necklaces". From this period onward around 32 species of birds became extinct, either through over-predation by humans and the kiore and kurī they introduced, repeated burning of the grassland, or climate cooling, which appears to have occurred from about 1400–1450. Early Māori enjoyed a rich, varied diet of birds, fish, seals and shellfish. Moa were also an important source of meat, and the various species were probably wiped out within 100 years according to Professor Allan Cooper.
Work by Helen Leach shows that Māori were using about 36 different food plants, though many required detoxification and long periods (12–24 hours) of cooking. D. Sutton's research on early Māori fertility found that first pregnancy occurred at about 20 years and the mean number of births was low, compared with other neolithic societies. The low number of births may have been due to the very low average life expectancy of 31–32 years.[27] Analysis of skeletons at Wairau bar showed signs of a hard life with many having broken bones that had healed, suggesting a balanced diet and a supportive community that had the resources to support severely injured family members.
Classic period (1500-1642)
Model of a fortified pā, built on a headland. Fortified pā proliferated as competition and warfare increased among a growing population.
The cooling of the climate, confirmed by a detailed tree ring study near Hokitika, shows a significant, sudden and long-lasting cooler period from 1500. This coincided with a series of massive earthquakes in the South Island Alpine fault, a major earthquake in 1460 in the Wellington area, tsunamis that destroyed many coastal settlements, and the extinction of the moa and other food species. These were likely factors that led to sweeping changes to the Māori culture, which developed into the most well-known "Classic" period that was in place when European contact was made.
This period is characterised by finely made pounamu weapons and ornaments, elaborately carved canoes – a tradition that was later extended to and continued in elaborately carved meeting houses (wharenui), and a fierce warrior culture, with fortified hillforts known as pā, frequent cannibalism and some of the largest war canoes ever built.
Around 1500 CE a group of Māori migrated east to the Chatham Islands, where, by adapting to the local climate and the availability of resources, they developed a culture known as the "Moriori" – related to but distinct from Māori culture in mainland New Zealand. A notable feature of the Moriori culture, an emphasis on pacifism, proved disastrous when a party of invading North Taranaki Māori arrived in 1835. Few of the estimated Moriori population of 2,000 survived.
The largest battle ever fought in New Zealand, the Battle of Hingakaka occurred around 1780–90, south of Ohaupo on a ridge near Lake Ngaroto. The battle was fought between about 7,000 warriors from a Taranaki-led force and a much smaller Waikato force under the leadership of Te Rauangaanga.
Early European contact (1642-1840)
The first European impression of Māori, at Murderers' Bay in Abel Tasman's travel journal (1642).
European settlement of New Zealand occurred in relatively recent historical times. New Zealand historian Michael King in The Penguin History Of New Zealand describes the Māori as "the last major human community on earth untouched and unaffected by the wider world." Early European explorers, including Abel Tasman (who arrived in 1642) and Captain James Cook (who first visited in 1769), recorded their impressions of Māori. Initial contact between Māori and Europeans proved problematic, sometimes fatal, with several accounts of Europeans being cannibalised.
From the 1780s, Māori encountered European and American sealers and whalers; some Māori crewed on the foreign ships with many crewing on whaling and sealing ships in New Zealand waters. Some of the South Island crews were almost totally Maori. Between 1800 and 1820 there were 65 sealing voyages and 106 whaling voyages to New Zealand, mainly from Britain and Australia.[36] A trickle of escaped convicts from Australia and deserters from visiting ships, as well as early Christian missionaries, also exposed the indigenous population to outside influences. In the Boyd Massacre in 1809, Māori took hostage and killed 66 members of the crew and passengers in apparent revenge for the whipping of the son of a Māori chief by the captain. There were accounts of cannibalism, and this episode caused shipping companies and missionaries to be wary, and significantly reduced contact between Europeans and Māori for several years.
1846: Hone Heke, holding a musket, with his wife Hariata and his uncle Kawiti, holding a taiaha.
Early missionaries such as Kendal, Turner, Maunsel, Wade and the trader Polack, noted that the Maori population had a marked male/female differential. This was confirmed by an early census and several regional counts. It was caused by the customary practice of female infanticide. Female babies were often killed at birth by the mother by suffocation, strangulation or brain trauma. The reasons provided by Maori for this action were; that women were no use in war, the mother could not raise more than a few children and the mother is too weak to work. Infanticide is sometimes identified as a significant cause of depopulation. Bishop Selwyn who travelled widely in New Zealand said this was common throughout the country. Males made up about 60 to 75% of Maori, depending on the region. The 1858 census gave Maori population as 31,667 males and 24,303 females, confirming that the earlier imbalance persisted for many years.[37] Maori suicide was also a custom that deeply concerned missionaries. In some areas it was the normal custom for a husband or wife to suicide when their partner died. By 1830, estimates placed the number of Europeans living among the Māori as high as 2,000. In 1838 there were 1,800 to 2,000 British subjects permanently in New Zealand of which 158 were runaway convicts or seamen. In addition there were about itinerant 1000 whalers either visiting or running temporary shore stations. The runaways had varying status-levels within Māori society, ranging from slaves to high-ranking advisors. Some runaways remained little more than prisoners, while others abandoned European culture and identified as Māori. These Europeans "gone native" became known as Pākehā Māori. Many Māori valued them as a means to the acquisition of European knowledge and technology, particularly firearms. When Pomare led a war-party against Titore in 1838, he had 131 Europeans among his warriors. Frederick Edward Maning, an early settler, wrote two lively accounts of life in these times, which have become classics of New Zealand literature: Old New Zealand and History of the War in the North of New Zealand against the Chief Heke.
Maori first learnt about formal schooling in Parramatta from 1809 where Samuel Marsden had a large farm and facilities for Maori to stay. He quickly made translation sheets for Europeans to use. Most of the Maori who stayed with him were Rangatira or sons. Marsden quickly learnt that his pupils were quick witted and loved verbal debate. The Maori language was first written down by Thomas Kendall in 1815 followed 5 years later by A Grammar and Vocabulary of the New Zealand Language, compiled by Professor Samuel Lee helped by Kendall, Waikato and Hongi Hika, on a visit to England in 1820. Progress in learning literacy was slow amongst Northern Maori as pupils were often taken out of school to do other things. At times the boys from 6-9 were taken out to go on war expeditions. The first known, independent letter was written in late 1825 by Hongi, a 10 year old orphan boy from Kerikeri. The letter was in Maori. Between February 1835 and January 1840 William Colenso printed 74,000 Maori language booklets from his press at Pahia. Two new words had to be invented as there was no Maori equivalent, hope and law. From 1843 the government distributed free gazettes to Maori called Ko Te Karere O Nui Tireni. It contained information about law, crimes, explanations and remarks about European customs. In 1844 the chiefs Waikato and Manakau urged the governor to establish English style schools. In 1847 a variety of schools were set up to teach English, Christianity, arithmetic and industrial training. Tauranga had a school with 100 pupils. In 1850 St. Stephens girls school was set up in Auckland. In 1858 a grant of 7,000 pounds given to set up a more wide ranging native education system under the Native Schools Act. English language use increased in Maori districts. By 1871 Maori MP Karaitaina Tokomoana pushed for more use of English in schools, as missionary schools were still teaching in Maori. He wanted Maori to be taught in English only. In 1897 Samuel Williams estimated that 90% of Maori adults could either read or write.
During the period from 1805 to 1840 the acquisition of muskets by tribes in close contact with European visitors upset the balance of power among Māori tribes, leading to a period of bloody inter-tribal warfare, known as the Musket Wars, which resulted in the decimation of several tribes and the driving of others from their traditional territory.[42] During the Musket wars the Maori population it has been estimated that the total number dropped from about 100,000 in 1800 to between 50,000 and 80,000 at the end of the wars in 1843. The 1856-57 census of Maori which gives a figure of 56,049 suggests the lower number of around 50,000 is perhaps more accurate, as the 1850s was a decade of relative stability and Maori economic growth. The picture is confused by uncertainty over how or if Pakeha Maori were counted and the severe dislocation of many of the less powerful iwi and hapu during the wars. The smashing of normal society by the four decade wars and the driving of peaceful tribes from their productive turangawaiwai, such as the Moriori in the Chatham Islands by invading forces from North Taranaki, had a catastrophic effect on these defeated tribes. European diseases such as influenza and measles killed an unknown number of Māori: estimates vary between ten and fifty percent. Epidemics had occurred before the arrival of Europeans according to information given by Maori to missionaries in 1839. The missionary Ashwell mentioned that a type of typus was responsible for many deaths around Pahia. He and other missionaries were concerned that poor native housing and a lack of hygiene, especially the failure to wash themselves or clothing, were major contributing factors. Venereal disease was also common. Missonaries were horrified by the regular prostitution of girls as young as 8 or 10. Apirana Ngata said that prostition was notorious and lead to sterility amongst those practicing early prostitution. Epidemics were made far worse by the lack of food especially in winter. Missionaries noted that the death rate for children 5-14, was far higher than for adults East coast Maori suffered similar epidemics even though there was almost no contact with Europeans. Although the period of deaths by epidemic appears to be associated more with the later 1800s. Spread of epidemics was caused by a huge influx of European settlers in the 1870s who in many cases did not have rigorous heath checks.700 poor Scandinavian settlers who settled around Norsewood in the 1870s suffered horrendous death rates although they had almost no contact with Maori.Unlike Maori, the overall fecundity of the Scandinavians was not effected. The late 1870s saw the beginning of the Long Depression which lasted until the mid 1880s. This caused widespread hardship among Maori and the new migrants. Maori became keen sellers of land in this period .The long lasting hui associated with the land court process helped to spread infection from hapu to hapu as did the many inter hapu hui celebrations following court room success as triumphant hapu sought to expand their mana by having elaborate feasts.
Te Rangi Hīroa documents an epidemic caused by a respiratory disease that Māori called rewharewha. It "decimated" populations in the early 19th Century and "spread with extraordinary virulence throughout the North Island and even to the South…" He also says, p83: "Measles, typhoid, scarlet fever, whooping cough and almost everything, except plague and sleeping sickness, have taken their toll of Maori dead." Economic changes also took a toll: migration into unhealthy swamplands to produce and export flax led to further mortality.
British Treaty with the people of New Zealand
Meri Te Tai Mangakāhia, a member of the Kotahitanga movement in the 1890s, who argued that women should have equal voting rights in the Māori Parliament
With increasing Christian missionary activity and growing European settlement in the 1830s, and with growing lawlessness in New Zealand, the British Crown acceded to repeated requests from missionaires and some chiefs to intervene. Some freewheeling escaped convicts and seamen, as well as gunrunners and Americans actively worked against the British government by spreading rumours amongst Maori that the government would oppress and mistreat them. Tamati Waka Nene a pro government chief was angry that the government had not taken active steps to stop gunrunners selling weapons to rebels in Hokianga. As well, the French were showing imminent interest in acquiring New Zealand for Paris.It was believed that the French catholic missionaries were spreading anti British feeling. All of the chiefs who spoke against the Treaty on 5 February 1840 were catholic.Years after the treaty was signed Pompallier admitted that all the catholic chiefs and especially Rewa, had consulted him for advice. Ultimately, Queen Victoria sent Royal Navy Captain William Hobson with instructions to negotiate a treaty between Britain and the people of New Zealand.
Soon after arrival in New Zealand in February 1840, Hobson negotiated a treaty with North Island chiefs, later to become known as the Treaty of Waitangi. In the end, 500 tribal chiefs and a small number of Europeans signed the Treaty, while some chiefs — such as Te Wherowhero in Waikato, and Te Kani-a-Takirau from the east coast of the North Island — refused to sign. The Treaty gave Māori the rights of British subjects and guaranteed Māori property rights and tribal autonomy, in return for accepting British governance and sovereignty.
Considerable dispute continues over aspects of the Treaty of Waitangi. The original treaty written mainly by Busby and translated into Maori by Henry Williams who was moderately proficient in Maori and his son William who was more skilled.[51] They were handicapped by their imperfect Maori and the lack of exactly similar words in Maori(there was no word for "law" in Maori) . At Waitangi the chiefs signed the Maori translation. Several versions of the English text exist, as Hobson ordered multiple copies to be produced. At least 200 and up to 400 hand written copies were made, some of which were sent to England and Canada. The situation became complicated because more Maori chiefs than had been anticipated wanted to sign, and literally no more space on the Maori text version was left. As well food was running out at the signing, and the chiefs simply wanted the signing over so they could return with the good news to their tribal groups. Those present endorsed their signatures onto whatever incidentally-connected paper was available – and some of these signatures were collected on unofficial texts. This has led to considerable debate in recent years of the late 20th Century and early 21st Century at to what the Treaty means.R. Bennett.Treaty to Treaty .2007
Despite the different understandings of the treaty, relations between Māori and Europeans during the early colonial period were largely peaceful. Many Māori groups set up substantial businesses, supplying food and other products for domestic and overseas markets. Among the early European settlers who learnt the Māori language and recorded Māori mythology, George Grey, Governor of New Zealand from 1845–1855 and 1861–1868, stands out.
However, rising tensions over disputed land purchases and attempts by Māori in the Waikato to establish what some saw as a rival to the British system of royalty led to the New Zealand wars in the 1860s. These conflicts started when rebel Maori attacked isolated settlers in Taranaki but were fought mainly between Crown troops –from both Britain and new regiments raised in Australia, aided by settlers and some allied Māori (known as kupapa) – and numerous Māori groups opposed to the disputed land sales including some Waikato Maori.
While these conflicts resulted in few Māori (compared to the earlier Musket wars) or European deaths, the colonial government confiscated tracts of tribal land as punishment for what were called rebellions, in some cases taking land from tribes that had taken no part in the war, although this was almost immediately returned. Some of the confiscated land was returned to both kupapa and "rebel" Māori. Several minor conflicts also arose after the wars, including the incident at Parihaka in 1881 and the Dog Tax War from 1897–98.
The Native Land Acts of 1862 and 1865 established the Native Land Court, which had the purpose of transferring Māori land from communal ownership into individual title. Māori land under individual title became available to be sold to the colonial government or to settlers in private sales. Between 1840 and 1890 Māori sold 95 percent of their land (63,000,000 of 66,000,000 acres (270,000 km2) in 1890). In total 4% of this was confiscated land, although about a quarter of this was returned. 300,000 acres was also returned to Kupapa Maori mainly in the lower Waikato River Basin area. Individual Māori titleholders received considerable capital from these land sales, with some lower Waikato Chiefs being given a 1000 pounds each. Disputes later arose over whether or not promised compensation in some sales was fully delivered. Some claim that later, the selling off of Maori land and the lack of appropriate skills hampered Māori participation in growing the New Zealand economy, eventually diminishing the capacity of many Maori to sustain themselves. The Maori MP Henare Kaihau, from Waiuku, who was executive head of the King Movement worked alongside King Mahuta to sell land to the government. At that time the king sold 185,000 acres per year. In 1910 the Maori Land Conference at Waihi discussed selling a further 600,000 acres. King Mahuta had been successful in getting restitution for some blocks of land previously confiscated and these were returned to the King in his name. Henare Kaihau invested all the money- 50,000 pounds- in an Auckland land company which collapsed and all 50,000 pounds of the kingitanga money was lost.
In 1884 King Tāwhiao withdrew money from the kingitanga bank, Te Peeke o Aotearoa to travel to London to see Queen Victoria to try and persuade her to honour the Treaty between their peoples. However he did not get beyond the Secretary of State for the Colonies, who said it was a New Zealand problem. Returning to New Zealand the Premier, Robert Stout, insisted that all events happening before 1863 were the responsibility of the Imperial Government.[56]
By 1891 Maori comprised just 10% of the population but still owned 17% of the land, although much of it was of poor quality.
Decline And Revival
Sir Apirana Ngata became instrumental in the revival of traditional arts such as kapa haka and carving.
By the late 19th century a widespread belief existed amongst both Pākehā and Māori that the Māori population would cease to exist as a separate race or culture and become assimilated into the European population.[58] In 1840, New Zealand had a Māori population of about 50,000 to 70,000 and only about 2,000 Europeans. By 1860 it was estimated at 50,000. The Māori population had declined to 37,520 in the 1871 census, although Te Rangi Hīroa (Sir Peter Buck) believed this figure was too low.[59] The figure was 42,113 in the 1896 census, by which time Europeans numbered more than 700,000. Professor Ian Poole noticed that as late as 1890 40% of all female children were dead before they were one, a much higher rate than for males.
The decline of the Māori population did not continue, and levels recovered. By 1936 the Māori figure was 82,326, although the sudden rise in the 1930s was probably due to the introduction of the family benefit − only payable when a birth was registered, according to Professor Poole. Despite a substantial level of intermarriage between the Māori and European populations, many Māori retained their cultural identity. A number of discourses developed as to the meaning of "Māori" and to who counted as Māori or not.
The parliament instituted 4 Maori seats in 1867, giving all Maori men universal suffrage 12 years ahead of their European New Zealand counterparts – who until the 1879 general elections needed to be landowners. New Zealand was thus the first neo-European nation in the world to give the vote to its indigenous people,[64] but while the seats did increase Māori participation in politics, the relative size of the Māori population of the time vis à vis Pākehā would have warranted approximately 15 seats, although Maori have the option of voting in either Maori or general electorates giving them a choice.
From the late 19th century, successful Māori politicians such as James Carroll, Apirana Ngata, Te Rangi Hīroa and Maui Pomare, showing skill in the arts of Pākehā politics; at one point Carroll became Acting Prime Minister. The group, known as the Young Māori Party, cut across voting-blocs in Parliament and aimed to revitalise the Māori people after the devastation of the previous century. For them this involved assimilation – Māori adopting European ways of life such as Western medicine and education, especially the learning of English. However, Ngata in particular also wished to preserve traditional Māori culture, especially the arts. Ngata acted as a major force behind the revival of arts such as kapa haka and carving. He also enacted a programme of land development which helped many iwi retain and develop their land. Ngata became very close to Te Puea the Waikato kingite leader who was supported by the government in her attempt to improve living conditions for Waikato. Ngata transferred four blocks of land to Te Puea and her husband and arranged extensive government grants and loans. Ngata sacked the pakeha farm development officer and replaced him with Te Puea. He then arranged for her to have car to travel around the various farms.Te Puea's husband was also given a large farm at Tikitere near Rotorua. The public, media and parliament became alarmed at the flow of funds from government to Te Puea during the recession. A Royal Commission was held in 1934 that found Ngata guilty of maladministration and misappropriation of funds to the value of 500,000 pounds. Ngata was forced to resign.
During WW1 most Maori were keen to participate. This was encouraged by Maori MPs. A Maori pioneer force was taken to Egypt but quickly was turned into a successful combat infantry battalion and in the last years of the war was known as the Maori battalion. The battalion mainly comprised Arawa,Ngati Porou,NgaPuhi and later many Cook Islanders. The notable acceptions were the Waikato and Taranaki tribes which refused to enlist or be conscripted, although the Maniapoto tribe, which had been at the heart of the 1863 Maori rebellion, supplied many soldiers. The leader of the Maori king movement during WW1, Te Puea, still harbouring grievances over their defeat and loss of land in 1863, worked covertly to undermine the government's attempts to unify Maori behind the war. Her brother was one of many Waikato conscripts arrested and jailed after refusing to serve their country. The actions of Te Puea lead to Waikato tribes being ostracized to some extent by the government after the war. Te Puea's stand caused huge difficulties for Waikato Maori MP Maui Pomare who was an avid supporter of Maori involvement in WW1.
Maori were badly hit by the 1918 influenza epidemic when the Maori battalion returned from the Western Front. The death rate from influenza for Maori was 4.5 times higher than for Pakeha. Many Maori -especially in the Waikato were very reluctant to visit a doctor and only went to a hospital when the patient was nearly dead. To cope with isolation increasingly Waikato Maori, under Te Puea's leadership, returned to the old Pai Marire (Hau hau) cult of the 1860s.[66]
Until 1893,53 years after the Treaty of Waitangi, Maori did not contribute to the country's income by paying tax on land holdings at all. In 1893 a very light tax was payable only on leasehold land and it was not till 1917 that Maori were required to pay a heavier tax equal to half that paid by other New Zealanders.[67]
During WW2 the government decided to exempt Māori from the conscription that applied to other citizens in World War II, but Māori volunteered in large numbers, forming the 28th or Māori Battalion, which performed creditably, notably in Crete, North Africa and Italy. Altogether 16,000 Māori took part in the war.3,600 served in the Maori Battalion,the remainder serving in artillery,pioneers, home guard,infantry,airforce and navy. 204,000 New Zealanders served during WW2. Maori, including Cook Islanders, made up 12% of the total force.
Whina Cooper leads the Māori Land March through Hamilton in 1975, seeking redress for historical grievances.
Many Māori migrated to larger rural towns and cities during the Depression and post-WWII periods in search of employment, leaving rural communities depleted and disconnecting many urban Māori from their traditional ways of life. Yet while standards of living improved among Māori during this time, they continued to lag behind Pākehā in areas such as health, income, skilled employment and access to higher levels of education. Māori leaders and government policymakers alike struggled to deal with social issues stemming from increased urban migration, including a shortage of housing and jobs, and a rise in urban crime, poverty and health problems.
Recent history
Since the 1960s, Māoridom has undergone a cultural revival[69] concurrent with a protest movement.[70] Government recognition of the growing political power of Māori and political activism have led to limited redress for confiscation of land and for the violation of other property rights. The Crown set up the Waitangi Tribunal, a body with the powers of a Commission of Enquiry, to investigate and make recommendations on such issues, but it cannot make binding rulings. Indeed, the Government need not accept the findings of the Waitangi Tribunal, and has rejected some of them.
Since 1976, people of Māori descent choose to enroll on either the general or Māori roll, and vote in either the Maori only or general electorates but not both. After the 1993 introduction of the MMP electoral system the number of electorates floats, meaning that the electoral population of a Māori seat, (there are currently seven), can remain roughly equivalent to that of a general seat.
During the 1990s and 2000s, the government negotiated with Māori to provide redress for breaches by the Crown of the guarantees set out in the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. By 2006 the government had provided over NZ$900 million in settlements, much of it in the form of land deals. The largest settlement, signed on 25 June 2008 with seven Māori iwi, transferred nine large tracts of forested land to Māori control.[71] As a result of the redress paid to many iwi, Māori now have significant interests in the fishing and forestry industries. There is a growing Māori leadership who see the treaty settlements as a platform for economic development.
Despite a growing acceptance of Māori culture in wider New Zealand society, the settlements have courted controversy: some Māori have complained that the settlements occur at a level of between 1 and 2.5 cents on the dollar of the value of the confiscated lands; conversely, some non-Māori denounce the settlements and socioeconomic initiaves as amounting to race-based preferential treatment. Both of these sentiments were expressed during the New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy in 2004.
This Article was curated from Wikipedia.org


text: That which is capable of existence; its synonyms are thing, something. There are two uses of the term: the participial use (see existence), and the substantival, the definition of which is the one here given. The term being in the substantival sense is applicable to anything that either actually exists or can exist, for being is either actual, i.e., existent, or merely possible. It is contrasted with absolute nothingness, such as the impossible, e.g., a square circle, rather than with the merely non-existent. This term stands for the simplest of all our concepts, viz., the mere capacity for existence, and is the widest in application since it represents substances, accidents, modes of existence, God, and creature. Briefly whatever is not absolutely nothing is something or being.New Catholic Dictionary

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Reader comments are listed below. Comments are currently closed and new comments are no longer being accepted.
It is extremely irritating to to see the Economist continue to refer to the AKP as a "mildly islamic party"
Firstly I dont know what that means, unless you are slavishly following an editorial guidance manual issued to all Economist journalists or are really seeking to reassure an increasingly concerned readership.
Are you looking for the right anodine term to describe a hardline islamist party with little tolerance for political or policy dissent, other religions, independent journalists, or independent business entities? Incidentally the latters' wives must now cover their heads if their husbands ever hope to do any business with this mildly islamic state.
May I suggest that the author as well as his/her colleague journalists get out of the office more often and travel to the Black Sea region, Anatolia and the interior rather than pontificating from the warmth of your offices about the true nature of Islam in this otherwise beautiful country.
This week there were other news from Turkey which are more important than scarves.
Today people can only be jailed for 4 years without being proven guilty in court. The people jailed 3 years ago on charges of being a part of the Ergenekon conspiracy will soon reach this limit. Their guilt can not be proven and would have to be released. So the AKP is increasing the limit to 8 years.
They will then be able to jail anyone who annoys them for 8 years.
Foreign minister tells the press that Turkey wants to start processing atom bomb material. This is wha they are fighting to allow Iran to do the same. Open the barn gate so the horses can all escape.
A PKK guided "national kongress" has demanded the establishment of an autonomous "Democratic Kurdestan". This would be fully autonomous in all domestic and foreign affairs and have its own army. The PKK, Kurdish version of the ton ton macoute, would control domestic politics and also decide which parties are allowed to participate in "democracy". Anti-capitalism would be a part of the nature of this state. Apo PKK leader who dictated the declaration then included some pseudo-marxistic stuff about how horrible it had been for mankind to change from the stone age to the bronze age. He is an expert on the stone age, anbd I am not kidding!
These were the real news. Not the stuff about scarves.
for those who may visit Turkey,
- do not say anything about AKP or Erdogan, otherwise you will be jailed for 3-8 years without being brought any charge ,and with fake charge, as in:
- do not criticise/protest AKP or Erdogan, otherwise you will be jailed, as in :
- do not join in any party or exhibition, otherwise you will be attacked by 'mildly islamists' saying you are sinners, as in:
- do not visit Turkey , if you do not comply with their way of life, otherwise you are isolated as in:
the 'mildly' economist and its pro-armenian correspondent for Turkey do not want to see that face of 'mildly' AKP, i wonder WHY ?
Up to now, based on comparisons with previous turkish politicians, I have always expressed the hope, that Recep Tayip Erdogan and his administration are more humanitarian and democratic than previous turkish governments. I am now beginning to change my mind. There are several reasons for that: in the Cyprus issue there is not the least trace of progress, even though the greek cypriot side has made remarkable efforts to move things. (One of several such steps was granting the turkish cypriots' minority the right to vote in full for the election of the common greek cypriot president in the common federal government, while each greek cypriot vote will count only abt 20% of full for the election of the turkish cypriot vice president). Turkey, who is of course behind the turkish-cypriot side talks, has not shown any trace of good will and there is a lot that could be done (reduce the huge occupation army, free the ghost-town Famagusta, perform a population count to determine the real number of settlers etc). On the contrary Turkey has systematically shown a progressively harder line.
One last out of hundreds of such examples is the sudden depriving of the few hundreds Greek Cypriots still living in the occupied area, having escaped the ethnic cleansing of 1974, of their elementary human right to celebrate a Christmas mess! The church was during the mess possessed by "policemen" and the old Greek Cypriot priest was driven by force out of the church, he was keeping a mess in for some forty years!.
On top of that none less that Mr Erdogan, Mr Davutoglu and Mr Bagis have made extremey heavy, bitter comments after a basket ball game in Nicosia: they predicted, that the greek cypriot hates Turks and side does not want a political settlement, because a few hundreds of young greek cypriot hooligans demonstrated wildly throwing stones and objects against the turkish (and other) players (nobody was hurt and on the next day the greek cypriot team was rightly heavily fined both by the Cypriot organisation and by the Euroleague).
I must confess, that the revealings of secret american diplomatic comments by "wigileaks" especially concerning Erdogan and Davutoglu, are beginning to occupy more and more my mind..
And since the article is about religious freedom, you have not said anything (as expected) about the destruction by the Turkish army of over 300 Christian churches in the Turkish occupied north of cyprus...
And for the cruel action of Turkish army on Christmas Day last week to prevent any Church mass from being started in the occupied north (actually, the army kicked the priest out of the church as he had just started the mass)....religious freedom????
And since you like so much to distort the truth, can you please explain (in your own unique way) why TURKEY, as the occupier of northern Cyprus, prevented the few dozens of Greekcypriots living in the occupied north (out of the 20000 Greekcypriots that Turkey undertook to protect when it signed the 3rd Vienna Agreement in 1975)from attending Church service on Christmas Day?
Is this a new Turkish religious-freedoms' concept???
No, Phylarchus means that Greekcypriot votes will equal to just 1/5 of Turkishcypriot votes (talk about racist policies, right?) in the proposed constitution - and this was proposed by the Cyprus Republic itself as a huge concession to Turkishcypriots...
You mean the Greek Cypriots will really let Turks vote for the government of the state they are citizens of?
I am impressed. That is real generous. Amazing!
When I see you and the other Greek Cypriots appearing on any Turkey related article attacking Turkey I understand you people hate us.
The event on Cyprus where Greeks tried to lynch Turkish basketball players simply confirms this impression.
Such Greek hate for Turks was what started the Cyprus problem. On a territory only twice as large as Cyprus Israel has ten times the population of Cyprus. And yet the Cypriot Greeks have spent the last 50 years trying to force all Turks into emigration.
There will be no peace as long as that hate continues.
To BenLondon:
As an Armenian, you should know from your history that you forefathers have been the best partner for Hitler and his NAZI-Germany.
How many Jews, how many Moslems, have been killed from Armenians??
1 Million, 10 Million, 100 Million???
And again, Mr Tahir, still no comment about the destruction by the Turkish army of over 300 Christian churches in the Turkish occupied north of cyprus...
And for the inhumane action of the Turkish occupying army on Christmas Day to prevent any Church mass from being performed in the occupied north (the army just kicked the priest out of the church as he had just started the mass)....is this Turkish respect for religious freedom????
The greatest injustice made from the Ottoman empire are -imho- the deportations to control nationality attempts of ethnic groups!
Yes, my dear BenL, this was a normal strategy/practice in this empire and the Armenians were not the last group which have suffer from this practice!
But i can't remember that at the end of the deportation more than the 5-fold which started this march was death, nice way to change history!
i cannot see the relation between Armenia, Cyprus issues and The Religion in Turkey, thakns to Economist allowing every article with turkey to be turned into irrelevant topics; however, i would like to say a few things;
- firstly, why should Turkey open the border and welcome the armenian illegal immigrants?.. already there are 150.00 illegal armenians in Turkey and stealing the works of Turkish citizens; btw , i cannot understand Armenians ; they hate Turks and always try to smear Turks in everywhere as in USA; and then want to come Turkey... Also, the reason why the border is closed is due to the fact that Armenia attacked Azerbaijan, causing 1 m. Azerbaijani to be refugees, i guess no need to mention 20-5 % of Azerbaijani land has been occupied by the Russia-supported Armenians...Turkey is open to everybody who is peacful, modest... and closed to everybody who is hostile to Turks or our Turkic brothers...
- secondly, Why should Turkey intervene Cyprus ? as i know We have some treaties signed by Turkey, Greece, England and calling Turkey as Guarantor Country along with England and Greece.so it is legal to inrevene Cyprus; cuz the both countries England and Greece did sign the same treaties. Turkey was ready to do what should be done after the referendum in 2004, but Greek cypriots did vote 'NO' that referendum, while Turkish cypriots did vote 'YES'; which means Greek cypriots is using the current situation for ulterior reasons; otherwise , They would have voted 'YES' to living with Turkish cypriots... so as in 1974, They do not want to live with Turkish cypriots, for example, in the last year, a Turkish cypriot singer was killed by greek cypriots in a festival in greek-dominated south cyprus, performing his song ; or The Turkish basketball team 'Pinar Karşiyaka' was attacked by 2000 'Greek cypriot fans'in south cyprus ; whic means Greek Cypriots want the whole island without any Turks on there, just pure greek island, some call that 'megaloidea'; for example, EOKA terror group call it 'megaloidea'...
- thirdly, the religion is far more better than the religion in other countries; for example, Muslims in Greece practice their religion in the street of Athens, even in the most importent days of Islam (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/nov/28/athens-mosque-far-right-zaha...), whereas Christians in Turkey can even pick up their own patriarch, let alone their own churches...
i am sure there are always some problems overlooked in every country, but intentionaly stopping people to practice their religion is not the one overlooked.
How many Greeks are left in Trabzon, a city that was Greek for thousands of years prior to being ethnically cleansed?
When Turks talk about religious freedom you may as well hear a lecture by Nazis on Jewish rights.
To F*Thinking:
As a "true" Cypriots you should know that you forefathers have slayed the natives of this island and that a macedon (Alexander the Great) had brought the island into the control of Greece (until the Turks came)!
Now, why should the Turks give this island completely to you?
Beside you lamentations, do you have any claim on this island?
Fahrettin TAHİR
You should not take BenLondon serious, cuz i remember S/he once wrote here that Kazak Turks or Kırgız Turks would help Armenia to fight against Azerbaijani Turks, if Armenia needed them... and i then just did laugh, as now, and whenever i see his/her message here i remember those sentences and start laughing ...
It may be the AKP that closed the churches in occupied Cyprus down on Christmas day, but the over 300 Churches desecrated and destroyed in occupied (since 1974) northern Cyprus were the work of ALL Turkish governments i.e in effect the work of the Turkish state and its institutions including the Turkish army, illegally occupying Cyprus...
We have to clarify first what is the meaning of recent liberalizm .İf we can't understand new developments in global liberalism,We couldn't fully imagine the islamist liberals who are collabarating with western finance capital today.Jonah Goldberg states that liberals have ideologic and emotional roots in 20.th century European fascism. In the recent years we will have also testify new new imperialist occupation in the middle east countries.So, many Liberals may focus their gainings at the end of the chaotic conditions in Turkey.İf Liberals are dominating the world according to their benefits.Does it make any difference whether Turkey has been ruling with very authoritarian regime or not!
You keep repeating this, but never give any numbers or dates (ie about who murdered whom)...
Can you be more specific please????
But please respect our intelligence!
BenLondon wrote: Jan 4th 2011 9:49 GMT
'' Cretan Turks were deported...A lot of them were crypto-Christians, pretending to be Muslims to avoid higher taxation and mistreatment, many converted back, the rest left.''
S/he even does not know what is the meaning of what S/he writes, contradics him/herself in his/her posts...S/he says They are deported ,cuz they are muslims,and then s/he says: but actually ''crypto-Christians'', ''many converted back'', and the rest kicked out. this statement is the second best of you rigth after your Kazak and Kırgız Turks theory about help to Armenia instead of Azerbaijani Turks.now, i start understanding why Fahrettin TAHİR is talking to you, would you consider coming Turkey and perform the same speech on the stage?
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The clairvoyant at Superior Psychic has been tapping into the psychic realm for more than 18 years. Clients seeking advice and guidance on any number of issues, ranging from romantic guidance to career advice and help overcoming all matters, can choose from psychic, palm, and tarot-card readings in order to find answers to their problems. Superior Psychic also offers aura cleansing and chakra balancing to help clients overcome obstacles and find balance and happiness.
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Overseen by Dareld R. Morris II, DO, Morris Medical Center welcomes patients for family medical care and guided weight-loss programs. As a certified civil surgeon and medical-review officer, Dr. Morris helps ensure that recruits are fit to enter the Coast Guard, that children are fit to start school, and that monsters are fit to leave children's bedroom closets. In addition to helping patients quit smoking and lose weight, Dr. Morris encourages healthy lifestyles by overseeing physical and massage therapies.
Renown for Facial, Breast and Body Cosmetic Surgery. Dr. Schneider is a pioneer in advancing the axillary incision for saline and silicone breast augmentation. He has offered state of the art laser surgery since 1994. Patients from around the world visit the practice each year.
At Cypress Beauty & Co., trained technicians wield files, clippers, and brushes in the pursuit of polished nails and peace of mind. During the 60- to 90-minute experience, a nail guru takes guardianship of hands and feet at a super-sanitized station, clipping and filing nails into perfect crescents and curtailing cuticles to expand keratin canvases. A coat of OPI polish in the desired color leaves nails as strong and sparkling as 10 diamond-encrusted box turtles. Both locations usher prettifiers in with sunny hues and glitzy displays of the 50 brands of beauty products they stock. Patrons can upgrade to french polish ($5 for mani; $10 for pedi) and add a sea extract marine-cooling mask ($10) or a complimentary round of applause.


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Mon, Aug 6, 12 at 18:26
I have many dahlias around my house and the three in the front of my house look like this. They are for lack of a better term, stunted but only at the top. They are growing funny at the top. The blooms are very funny too with the middle section very large. The bottoms are fine. What could be the problem? |
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> In my distress, I cr..." HNV - Online Bible Study" />
Why Is Jeremiah Called the "Weeping Prophet"?
Why Did God Care Enough about Nineveh to Send Jonah?
What Are We to Make of the Abrupt Finish to the Book of Jonah?
The Hebrew Names Version is in the public domain. (Hebrew Names Version - The Holy Bible Online)


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Jeannette McClintock Nicol, 90, of Longboat Key, died Thursday, Nov. 5.
Born March 16, 1919, in Detroit, she graduated in 1937 from the Grier School, in Birmingham, Penn., and attended Wellesley College, in Wellesley, Mass. She returned to Bloomfield Hills, Mich., where she grew up and worked for more than a decade as a volunteer for the Detroit League for the Handicapped.
In 1955, Ms. Nicol joined her parents, Frank and Elsie, in their retirement to Bayou Hammock on Longboat Key. She cared for both parents until their deaths in 1963 and 1985, respectively.
Ms. Nicol was active in island politics and the Longboat Key Center for the Arts, where she enjoyed the study of enamel-on-copper art. She was a lifelong conservationist and worked to preserve Sister Keys as well as the natural environment of barrier islands. She loved all animals, especially raccoons and cats. She was a member of the Junior League of Sarasota and the Wellesley Club of Sarasota.
Ms. Nicol is survived by her nephew, Dwight McClintock Moore, of Houston.
At Ms. Nicol's request, no services are planned. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions can be made in her name to the charity of your choice.
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- Jan
29 LBK Chamber Annual Awards Luncheon
11:30 am - 1:30 pm - Jan
30 AJC's 2015 Winter Lunch & Learn
11:30 am - 1:30 pm - Feb
8 Sarasota Music Half Marathon
7:00 am - 6:00 am - Feb
12 Longboat Key Chamber of Commerce Networking Luncheon
11:30 am - 1:30 pm
Gauls celebrate sweet 60
On Jan. 29, Jack and Joan Gaul will celebrate their 60th anniversary. -
Dora Walters goes by the book for readers
You saw her byline countless times during her 26 years at the Longboat Observer, but now, retired Senior Editor Dora Walters' byline appears on her new book, "Rewind…Playback: A Collection of Life's 'Little' Memories." -
Encore opening celebration
Members of the Longboat Key Chamber of Commerce gathered for a ribbon-cutting event Jan. 20, at Amore by Andrea.


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Thread: Windows network stopped working
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- Jan 2004
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Windows network stopped working
After I ran windows update my network stopped working. I'm connected through a router and set up a workgroup on my windows machine. When I try to view work group computers I get the error:
Code:Mshome is not accessible. You might not have permission to use the network resource. Contact the administrator of this server to find out if you have access permissions. Windows cannot find the network path. Verify that the network path is correct and the destination computer is not busy or turned off. If Windows still cannot find the network path, contact your network administrator.
It's not the exact problem but I figured worth a try.
I've made sure the browser, server, anything network related services were running. I turned off windows firewall. Nothing.
This is all trying to view the workgroup computers from the windows computer where I set it up. On the linux computer I can view the linux computer but the windows one is not shown. Both computers are connected through the router.
I had this working before and was able to share files perfectly.
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Right Click on My Computer, then check under Computer Name that your workgroup name is correct. If is not, you will need to re-join the workgroup. Otherwise, try making a brand new Workgroup to see if that works.
Other thing you could try:
Start-->Programs-->Accesories-->System Tools-->System Restore
Then select a date before the upgrade
Last edited by daniel_g; 06-24-2006 at 06:20 AM.


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What To Do About an Asteroid That Has a 1 In 625 Chance of Hitting Us In 2040?
Re:I will be doing one thing about it. (412 comments)
Interesting fact: "Telephone sanitizer" is actually a euphemism for toilet cleaner. The term came about when indoor plumbing was popularized. Women who couldn't afford servants but still had money would hire out people to come in and clean their toilets. Nobody wanted a truck parked outside of their house that had "WC cleaner" written on it, so one enterprising businessman put "Telephone Sanitizing" on the side of his truck, which implied that these middle class housewives had adopted another new technology: the telephone. Thus, a euphemism was born.
Source: http://tlb.org/telsan.html


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Showcased here is a wonderfully restored Early 20's Buick 22-44 roadster. The 22-44 series was just introduced for this model year, powered by the... More
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This Beautiful Right Hand Drive Sedan is ready for a nice Sunday Cruise.... More


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Builders Association Of The Twin Cities
In-Home Sprinkler Systems Now Required In New Homes
If you're looking to build a new home next year, a new rule might cost you. On Monday, Minnesota legislators published a new mandate that will require sprinklers in new homes that are larger than 4,500 square feet.
Hit And Run Victim Now Has A Place To Call Home
A South St. Paul man who was nearly killed by a hit and run driver now has a new place to call home. Zach Mohs, 28, did the official ribbon cutting on his new home on 12th Avenue North Saturday.


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'Not the right time'
Rec center group to discuss delaying tax campaign
Monday, October 20, 2008
If you go
What: Community Recreation Center Steering Committee meeting
When: 7 p.m. Oct. 29
Where: Craig City Hall
The group will plan whether to slow down its campaign because of struggling national economic. The meeting is open to the public.
Tony St. John knows first-hand that problems on Wall Street easily find their way into the pocketbooks of people across the country.
For that reason, he thinks the Community Recreation Center Steering Committee - which he is a part of - should slow down its campaign for a tax-funded rec center in Craig.
The latest plans would have residents vote on a 1-cent sales tax increase on all goods purchased. If approved, residents would pay an extra penny for every dollar they spend.
"All I'm saying is a lot of us lost a lot of money these last three weeks in our 401(k)s and profit-sharing and all that," St. John said. "I wouldn't want someone to come to me and say, 'We're gonna spend so many millions of dollars on a rec center,' and here I am, and I just lost a whole bunch of money."
St. John is not alone in his concern - other members of the steering committee and the city Parks and Recreation Department agree.
Erin Miller, who sits on the steering committee and the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board, likewise thinks now is the wrong time to ask local residents to approve a tax increase.
"I don't think we should proceed at this time," she said. "It's something I believe in and think we should pursue at a later time, but now is not the right time."
St. John also is not willing to give up on plans for a future rec center.
"The city of Craig desperately needs a community recreation center, and it's going to come together at some point," he said. "We're just concerned about what's going on with the stock market and the economy, and my opinion is, it's not the right time to ask the citizens for money until we stabilize the economy."
The steering committee plans to meet at 7 p.m. Oct. 29 at City Hall to discuss the issue at length and put together a plan to move forward.
Professional campaign consultants and architects from Denver-based Sink Combs Dethlefs will not be there, although they initially expected to appear.
Dave Pike, Parks and Recreation Department director, took the initiative to ask them not to come after meeting with the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board.
Pike and the Advisory Board feel it would be a good decision to slow the campaign.
"We don't want the community to think we're jamming this down their throats," he said.
Regardless of the timing decision, Pike said the committee likely will go forward with a public and private gift-giving campaign to see if local business and/or government would donate to building a recreation center.
The gift-giving idea first was brought up by Lynne Herring, a local resident who appeared at the steering committee's September meeting, though she is not part of the group.
She asked the committee to consider people's personal finances before asking them to raise taxes on themselves.
Collin Smith can be reached at 875-1794 or firstname.lastname@example.com
More like this story
George Robertson 6 years, 3 months ago
"The city of Craig desperately needs a community recreation center, and it's going to come together at some point," If Craig was in desperate NEED of a recreation center then private industry would see a profit potential and build one. A persons recreation isn't what tax dollars are for!
grannyrett 6 years, 3 months ago
At last, someone woke up and saw the light. It's about time. But, don't worry. They will be back.
lonelyone 6 years, 3 months ago
I think Mr. Pike is a tad bit late in saying we don't want people to think they are trying to cram it down our thoats! After voting this down, what two times already, bringing it up a thrid time really feels like it's being crammed down our throats. BUT I do thank them for backing off for now. Times are tough on many people right at the moment and I am very glad they have taken that into concideration.
als362 6 years, 3 months ago
Looking at the comments here it is obvious to me that this rec center crap should be junked. I do not understand why these people keep planning this thing. Haven't the people spoken enough? Don't the ones on this planning board read these comments? And if they do, don't they get it?
What vested interest does this splinter group have, and for what stupid reason did the city leaders allow $20,000.00 of tax dollars to be wasted on an issue that has been voted done and should be dead as a door nail? It makes me wonder if someone isn't getting a kick back from this deal. If these people want this thing then they should pay for it NOT the community.
There was a recent poll in this paper asking people what they would vote to rasie taxes for and it was an overwhelming vote of NOTHING is worth raising taxes of any kind. So these people that in my opinion that are wasting their time planning a rec center better start saving their dimes and nickles to pay for it.
grannyrett 6 years, 3 months ago
Gee Al-Go talk to Dave Pike. He seems to be the one pushing it all the time.
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San-Cap Optimist's Road Rally celebrates 35 years
June 6, 2014 The Sanibel-Captiva Optimist Club's longest-running 4th of July event celebrates 35 years of fun for teams and families as they puzzle out the clues while following a prescribed driving course aroun... more »»
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June 4, 2014 The City of Sanibel is now part of a consortium of ten counties, cities, and organizations seeking to educate residents on the responsible use of fertilize. more »»
Fourth graders visit Sanibel Historical Village
May 30, 2014 The Sanibel Historical Village hosted two fourth-grade classes from The Sanibel School. more »»
Library book group to discuss 'Ordinary Grace'
May 22, 2014 Readers are invited to discuss Ordinary Grace by Willam Kent Krueger. It's the focus of the Wednesday, May 28 book discussion meeting at the Sanibel Public Library. more »»
Offshore fishing tournament to benefit Ronald McDonald House
May 22, 2014 Ronald McDonald House Charities of Southwest Florida is hosting its second annual offshore fishing tournament to raise money for helping local families. more »»
San-Cap Rotary welcomes new members
May 22, 2014 Sanibel-Captiva Rotary Club current President Scot Congress aided by John Pryor, club membership committee member, and Janet Strickland, club membership chair, recently inducted two new club member. more »»
Sanibel Secrets: Former mayor combats human trafficking
May 16, 2014 Right at an age where we're supposed to be pausing to reflect on the road we've traveled, Nola Theiss is stepping on the gas pedal. more »»
Islanders to make the Ride of Silence
May 16, 2014 Local cyclists are invited to ride with the Sanibel Bicycle Club on May 21 for the annual "Ride of Silence. more »»
Community Church honors graduating island seniors
May 16, 2014 Sanibel Community Church's youth ministry H20 is honored to congratulate this year's high school graduates. They are Brodie Burns, David Fastenau, Porter Goss, Abby Haas, Mariah Budd and Kate Sto. more »»
Young visitors find Sea School's painted coconut on the beach
May 16, 2014 The Hamel family were strolling the beach of Sanibel Island when they found what appeared to be a balloon on the beach. more »»
'Ding' Darling's Indigo Trail to be resurfaced before National Trails Day
May 15, 2014 Staff at the J.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge will be resurfacing Indigo Trail before National Trails Day on June 7. more »»
Peters family recognized as Members of the Month
May 9, 2014 The City of Sanibel Recreation Department would like to recognize the Members of the Month: Kurt and Nilou Peters. Kurt and Nilou Peters have been Sanibel property owners since 1986. more »»
SCCF: Nesting seasons begin for sea turtles and snowy plovers
May 9, 2014 The beginning of sea turtle nesting season in Southwest Florida is upon us once again. This year, SCCF welcomes new Sea Turtle Coordinator Kelly Sloan, who joined SCCF in December 2013. more »»
Historic church celebrates its 100-year anniversary
May 7, 2014 A small notice in a May 1914 issue of a Fort Myers newspaper had this information: "For the last week or ten days Rev. Mr. Day and his wife and Rev. more »»
Cypress Cove appoints new executive director
May 5, 2014 Cypress Cove at HealthPark Florida, a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) located in south Fort Myers, has appointed Michele S. Wasserlauf as executive director. more »»
San-Cap Rotary installs new officers
May 5, 2014 The installation of new Sanibel-Captiva Rotary Club officers serving for the year 2014-2015 took place at the Captiva Yacht Club. more »»
Nola Theiss awarded Silver Good Citizenship Award
May 5, 2014 Nola Theiss, executive director and founder of Human Trafficking Awareness Partnerships, made a presentation on the current status of human trafficking locally and globally to the Caloosa Chapter of... more »»
Web feedback a topic at chamber's annual recognition dinner
May 1, 2014 A surprising and relevant issue arose April 29 with the changing of leadership at the Sanibel-Captiva Chamber of Commerc. more »»
SCCF benefit exceeds expectations
April 28, 2014 Music, food and fun were on tap Saturday at the annual Beer in the Bushes event to benefit the Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation on Sanibel Island. more »»
Hole-in-one at the Dunes Golf Club
April 25, 2014 Jack Stahl, island resident and employee at the Dunes Golf and Tennis Club, got his sixth hole-in-one on the 11th hole of the Dunes course, on Saturday, April 5. more »» |


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Converse PRODUCT (RED) – 1HUND(RED) Artist #80 – Lupe Fiasco 100 Supplementaire All-Star | Available Now
Invitation #80 from Converse PRODUCT (RED) – 1HUND(RED) Project goes to Hip-Hop star Lupe Fiasco, who exercised his self-expression of positive thoughts, activist messages, and raising awareness in 100 Supplementaire All-Star. White cotton canvas top, silk-screened with classic Times Roman fonts in black. A clear … READ MORE
SWAGGER 10th Anniversary Party | Featuring Lupe Fiasco, The Cool Kids + Mickey Factz
SWAGGER is definitely showing the other brands of the world how to celebrate a decade in the game, not only has the brand collaborated with Nike Sportswear on one of the craziest shoes we've seen to date in the Nike Sportswear x SWAGGER Terminator High Supreme QK, … READ MORE
Honeyee Feature – Introduction of Hi + Lo
The details were scarce around the collaboration project between two of Japan's most influential figureheads, Hiroshi Fujiwara and Takashi Murakami, whose influence and notoriety has spread worldwide due to co-signs by Lupe Fiasco, Kanye West, Nike, Supreme, and more. Honeyee has just released a feature on the … READ MORE
Complex x REAS x Lupe Fiasco
For Complex's annual Style and Design Collector's Issue, the magazine founded by Marc Ecko, sought out the help of both musicians and artists'. The two covers we've seen thus far include this Complex x Todd "REAS" James x Lupe Fiasco cover as well as the Complex x … READ MORE
Dita x Lupe Fiasco – Midnight Special
To celebrate Lupe Fiasco's appearance on Kanye West's highly successful, Glow in the Dark Tour, Dita got together with Lupe to collaborate on a pair of Midnight Special sunglasses that are hand crafted and extremely limited (1o pairs total). The sunglasses come equipped with a Red plated … READ MORE
Lupe Fiasco x Maharishi x Dr. Romanelli
To commemorate the release of Lupe Fiasco's sophomore album, The Cool, Maharishi along with custom clothier Dr. Romanelli created 2 reversible jacket. Made of quilted silk satin, each embroidered, all by hand, with symbolisms from The Cool, which expanded and continued the plot from Fiasco's debut album, … READ MORE
False x Lupe Fiasco – The Cool Tee
False and Lupe Fiasco have gotten together to release this, The Cool t-shirt, that is now available at select retailers. False is known for their hand screened shirts and superior quality. Lupe Fiasco just released his sophomore album, The Cool, which is one of the better Hip-Hop … READ MORE
Fresh Celeb: Lupe Fiasco Rocks Trilly + Truly by SWAGGER
Perhaps the hardest working man in Hip-Hop, Lupe Fiasco, was recently spotted sporting the latest collection from his Trilly & Truly line with SWAGGER in the recently released "Dumb It Down" music video. The Stadium Jacket, with gold letterings embossed on the sleeves and large Roman numeral … READ MORE
SWAGGER x Lupe Fiasco – "HARU'S Chicken" T-Shirt
Our friends at SWAGGER and Chicago native Lupe Fiasco are due to release a second collaboration. The "HARU'S – Tokyo The Best Chicken Wings in Town Chicago" t-shirt plays on an inside joke by Lupe Fiasco, who thought the irony that chicken wings are both a main … READ MORE
Fresh Celeb: Lupe Fiasco + Co. Rocks Complete Technique
Recently spotted by our friends at Complete Technique are several celebrities sporting Complete Technique pendants. On that list include Chicago native Lupe Fiasco, proudly displaying the Complete Technique x Kidrobot pendant, Big-O (co-founder of SWAGGER/PHENOMENON) with the Notorious BIG tribute pendant, Iggy (co-founder of SWAGGER) with a … READ MORE
Trilly + Truly x SWAGGER: Lupe Fiastroboy Tee
Lupe Fiasco's clothing line Trilly & Truly joined hands with SWAGGER to create this limited edition t-shirt for his upcoming Japan tour this year. The back of the t-shirt says, "Lupe Flastroboy Japan Tour '07 Tee", cop it at the SWAGGER shops in Japan. via: Hypebeast. > … READ MORE


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Select Text fields: Case-insensitive
Searching for strings is cumbersome if the table field isn't defined as Case-insensitive. By using EXEC-SQL there's a way to do this selection case-insensitive.
Searching for strings (parts or with pattern) is cumbersome if the table field isn't defined as case-insensitive.
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Search all requests in "E07T" where "AS4TEXT" contains "Sales."
With a normal SELECT * FROM E070T WHERE AS4TEXT LIKE gv_text" values like SALES or sales will not be found.
By using EXEC-SQL, there's a way to do this selection Case-insensitive:
REPORT xy. DATA: gt_e07t TYPE TABLE OF e07t WITH HEADER LINE, gv_reqtxt(60). PARAMETERS p_text TYPE rzielort. *** Selection by Request text *** Native SQL needed since as4text is case sensitive but we *** want to search case-insensitive gv_reqtxt = p_text. TRANSLATE gv_reqtxt TO UPPER CASE. CONCATENATE '%' gv_reqtxt '%' INTO gv_reqtxt. *** Change SAP-wildcards to DB-wildcards TRANSLATE gv_reqtxt USING '*%'. TRANSLATE gv_reqtxt USING '+_'. EXEC SQL PERFORMING append_e07t. SELECT * FROM e07t INTO :gt_e07t WHERE upper(as4text) LIKE :gv_reqtxt ENDEXEC. DESCRIBE TABLE gt_e07t LINES sy-dbcnt. CHECK sy-dbcnt GT 0. LOOP AT gt_e07t. WRITE: / gt_e07t-trkorr, gt_e07t-as4text. ENDLOOP. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form append_e07t *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *-----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM append_e07t. APPEND gt_e07t. ENDFORM. "append_e07t
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Key Leaders: Immigration Reform 'Will Pass' Soon
Key Leaders: Immigration Reform 'Will Pass' Soon
132 results for 'hispanic'. Showing results 19 - 36
Key Leaders: Immigration Reform 'Will Pass' Soon
Cherry Farmer Schools GOP in Winning Hispanics
He went from obscure cherry farmer to California state senator in a Hispanic district against a Hispanic opponent....
La Doctora Marta Rivera, Internista, nos habla de la obesidad, problema que afecta a una gran parte de la...
New LGBT Protection Law Criminalizing Believers?
A new LGBT protection law in San Antonio has critics saying the ordinance protects sexual minorities while criminalizing biblical beliefs.
Will Immigration Reform Kill the Republican Party?
Hope, faith and love were in great abundance as Hispanic Christians from across the U.S. joined together for a...
On CBN News Channel Morning News, June 21: Markets show signs of recovery after Dow drop, Hispanics gather for...
Hispanics Gather for Prayer amid Immgration Debate
On CBN Newswatch, June 20: Immigration bill moving forward in Congress, Biden invokes Bible at Hispanic prayer breakfast, Exodus...
IRS, Obamacare 'Unprecedented' Threat to Liberty
Public Checked Out on Immigration Reform Debate
Author Samuel Rodriguez discusses the connection between Godly obedience and service to others.
Heartland Hispanics Bolstering Local Economies
More than 50 million Latinos live in the United States. In the Midwest, Hispanics are not only propping up...
Caring for the Stranger: Immigration Reform in the Pews
Cruz's Conservatism Designed to Cross Party Lines


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Blog | Comments |
WoW | 73 Comments |
Recent Comments:
The Queue: Patch 4.3's release date {WoW}
Nov 23rd 2011 5:08PM was naming my son Brenden a mistake then? Its a mix of Brendig and Beldin from David Eddings "the Belgariad". I liked both of the characters very much and thought it would make for a interesting yet not a "luk at mii"ish name
Chuck Norris plays a melee hunter in latest WoW commercial {WoW}
Nov 20th 2011 6:00PM wow... just wow. awesome! new human model and monk moves in this vid. also @ 0:21 u get to see "action boots" on the bottom of his... action boot!
Survey reveals player wealth disparity {WoW}
Nov 11th 2011 11:32PM we are the 75%!!!
Know Your Lore: Illidan Stormrage, The Betrayer {WoW}
Nov 9th 2011 4:34PM i want the demon hunter as the next hero class so much... it would be an awesome starting chain like the dks had where Illidan teaches players how to be bad ass anti heroes like him.
both elf races would be able to be demon hunters and maybe a couple other races as well (i personally think orcs with fel orc skins and draenei with the broken skins would be great). they would probably play much the same as the upcoming monk class (now that i think of it monks embrace balance while demon hunters feed off of chaotic (fel) energy, kinda makes an interesting contrast). also demon hunters get usable wings (if druids have instant flight forms then y not?)
Know Your Lore, Tinfoil Hat Edition: The genesis of Azeroth, page 2 {WoW}
Nov 7th 2011 2:20AM The Wheel of Time turns, and Ages come and pass, leaving memories that become legend. Legend fades to myth, and even myth is long forgotten when the Age that gave it birth comes again. In one Age, called the Third Age by some, an Age yet to come, an Age long past, a wind rose across the world known as Azeroth. The wind was not the beginning. There are neither beginnings nor endings to the turning of the Wheel of Time. But it was a beginning.
Lichborne: Soloing old content for fun and profit {WoW}
Nov 1st 2011 7:13PM @haro thats a recolor of the hunter t4 demonstalker set
Patch 4.3 PTR: Heart of the Aspects and other new mounts {WoW}
Oct 26th 2011 3:08PM seems to me that the chromatic dragon should be for MoP. def has a asian look to it.
Twice-weekly raid resets being tested in Taiwan and Korea starting this week {WoW}
Oct 25th 2011 11:24PM i totally agree. i love getting a couple of friends and running old raids!
Twice-weekly raid resets being tested in Taiwan and Korea starting this week {WoW}
Oct 25th 2011 11:21PM my comment was in b4 the clarification by Zarhym. my curiosity was founded in the odd translation given at the time. so yeah, i read the article. -_-
Twice-weekly raid resets being tested in Taiwan and Korea starting this week {WoW}
Oct 25th 2011 10:50PM wonder if its just cata raids...


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January 29, 2015 While growing up, Debbie Hurwitz, of Loyalsock Township, didn't hear much about the Nazi atrocities from her parents. more »»
Minnesota tops Penn State again
January 25, 2015 UNIVERSITY PARK – Twice Jordan Conaway brought a season-high crowd to its feet inside Rec Hall. more »
Worldwide knitting 02-02
Montgomery House Warrior Run Area Public Library, 20 Church St., McEwensville. more »


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Variations for blue cheese dressing |
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text: Hirsch S et al. – Measuring volumetric strain by MRI provides a compression–sensitive parameter of tissue mechanics, which varies with the respiratory state in the lungs. In future clinical applications for diagnosis and characterization of lung emphysema, fibrosis, or cancer, divergence–sensitive MRI may serve as a noninvasive marker sensitive to disease–related alterations of regional elastic recoil pressure in the lungs.


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Top Celebrity Style Looks From the Week
Fab's Top 10 Celebrity Looks of the Week — Kate, Natalia, Mila, and More!
Fab's Top 10 Celebrity Looks of the Week — Kate, Natalia, Mila, and More!
This week, the last of Fashion Week brought models and celebs to Paris, while other Fab faces we love stepped out for premieres and press dates. As you'd expect for the Parisian style gatherings, looks were impeccably chic and some fabulously fashion-forward. We spotted Natalia Vodianova looking relaxed and pulled-together in stripes and shorts, Natasha Poly and Jennifer Aniston going sheer, and Mila Kunis rocking a creamy white suit. It's an inspired group of styling — click through to see the 10 celebrity looks we're gushing over this week!
Read More Fab's Top Celebrity Looks Of The Week2011 Fall Paris Fashion WeekFab Faves2011 Paris Fashion WeekGeorgia May JaggerNatasha PolyNatalia VodianovaRed CarpetMila KunisEmmy RossumCelebrityGinnifer GoodwinKate MossJennifer Aniston
Emmy Rossum
Mila Kunis
Kate Moss
Jennifer Aniston
Natasha Poly
Link Love
- Iggy Azalea is P.O.'d about her leaked Steve Madden line photos — HuffPost Style
- It might be time to get your man a murse — The Cut
- Fast fashion vs investment pieces: this infographic breaks it down — Racked
- Lions, fire, and Lenny Kravitz? Katy Perry's halftime show sounds wild — InStyle
- What will it take for Gap to make a comeback? — Style.com
- Pregnant ladies, rejoice: Rachel Zoe has a maternity line — SheFinds
- Oops — you might be ruining your jewelry and not even know — Who What Wear
- Stock-photo models are people too! — Lucky
- Say goodbye to another brand: Jones New York is no longer — Fashionista
Latest Fashion


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Tue, Nov 14, 06 at 16:26
I have a Snapper hi vac that I'm using to mulch and pickup leaves. I run over the leaves with the mulch plate and a gator blade and then come back with the bagger setup and the same blade. It works pretty well leaving just a few fine leaf particles on the lawn. I find that this shreds the leaves finer then one pass with the bagger. I use the mulch in my garden and compost the rest. Is anyone else doing this with a different blade? Is there a mulching blade that works better at shredding the leaves? Would switching to a hi lift blade for the 2nd pass do a better job picking up the leaves? The setup works pretty well but I'm always interested in fine tuning. |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by krislu2003 L.I.NY (My Page) on Sat, Nov 18, 06 at 7:04
It doesn't look like anyone is doing better than you. Doesn't seem like it is worth changing blades to me. - Kris |
- Posted by tekumcman Upstate SC (email@example.com) on Tue, Nov 21, 06 at 8:34
Snapper's NINJA blade works GREAT, though...EXPENSIVE. There is also a blade called a GATOR BLADE, which works quite well. They are supplied by Oregon Outdoor Parts suppliers. Go to oregonchain.com to find a Dealer near you. T-Man |
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Cheyenne, WY -- (ReleaseWire) -- 05/15/2014 -- DEALCODEHUB.COM is a website that was established to provide savvy online shoppers with a resource providing the most extensive inventory of accurate and valid coupon codes available in one place. "We created DealCodeHub.Com because we felt that there was a serious need for an online coupon and promo code resource that was constantly updated with the newest and most extensive promocodes available. For example, in the past, if a consumer wanted to look for an active code for iStockPhoto PromoCode they would enter in their search term and then visit a list of websites that popped up. They would then have to search through a dozen websites in order to find a valid code. We eliminate that wasted time, because when a consumer visits DealCodeHub.Com they can quickly find any active coupon code and they know that it is going to be valid," explained Erin White of DealCodeHub.Com.
The site wide search feature on DEALCODEHUB.COM allows users to quickly locate any coupon code that they specifically are looking for, or they can search the categories to see what is currently available within specific industries. "Not all of our website visitors are looking for something specific, such as 6PM Coupon Codes. Many of our visitors will come to the site knowing that they will be shopping for clothes, so they will see what retailers are currently offering the largest savings. On average, our visitors save over $25 every time they visit DealCodeHub.Com and we feel like that is an exceptional value we are providing to consumers," stated Mrs. White.
While DEALCODEHUB.COM employs a full time staff that constantly updates the website with new coupon codes and removes expired ones, consumers are also encouraged to take advantage of the free email alert service offered. "We have a very popular online coupon email newsletter that we send out to our subscribers that features the top saving coupons and deals available online. This is a completely free service that we provide, and signing up is as simple as entering in your email address. Amazon Coupons are one of our most searched coupons, and as one of the largest retailers you can see why this would be one of the most popular. When a popular retailer such as Amazon releases a new promo code that provides incredible value we include that not only on the website, but in our email newsletter as well. We make sure to keep consumers informed on the latest and greatest online savings available."
About DEALCODEHUB.COM
DealCodeHub.Com is a website that assists consumers save money by providing the most extensive and up to date coupon code resource available online. The staff at DealCodeHub.Com works around the clock to constantly source the best coupons for immediate online savings, allowing consumers to save time by only having to visit one website in order to find the most current coupon codes that provide the largest savings. Consumers can search the current available coupon codes and promo codes by visiting DEALCODEHUB.COM.


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Shipping firm Stolt-Nielsen reported fourth quarter earnings below forecasts on Thursday and said it was concerned about the outlook for the chemical tanker market,
CEO cautious on 2015 outlook. Finnish ship engine and power plant maker Wartsila reported a smaller-than-expected quarterly profit and warned lower crude prices
Fastnet, the UK and Irish listed E&P company focused on near-term exploration and appraisal acreage in Morocco and the Celtic Sea, announces certain management
Disney Ship is "Frozen" in Alaska. Nay...The ships are not really stuck — being "Frozen" is all about Disney's blockbuster movie and it's now spreading to the ships especially,
Fincantieri shipyard to equip in-board propulsion for Carnival and Costa vessels, GE's Power Conversion business has helped the shipyard successfully deliver the
MOU will explore both Port & Destination Development and Ship-Owning joint ventures with the goal of potentially launching China's first world-class domestic cruise brand.


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Submitted by Knot Perfect on
About This Project
I bought some cool Parson Chairs to use with my grandparent's 1950s style porcelain top table. Unfortunately, the chairs were way too big to fit between the legs of the table. My friend said she was surprised I didn't build my own chairs in the first place... that's when I remembered seeing a Parson Chair plan on Ana White! I liked the overall design of the chair in the plan, but I wanted to make some changes to make it my own. I made the chair narrower to fit between the legs of my table, changed the angle of the rear legs from 15 degrees to 10 degrees, increased the rear legs from 2x2s to 2x3s and made the back taller. This was my FIRST sewing project and I'm really pleased with the way it turned out!
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mikejillnelson replied on Permalink
A question, please...
These look beautiful! Would you mind giving me your opinion on their comfort to sit in? Also, do you mind sharing where and what kind of foam padding you used for the seat? Thank you - and great job!
Knot Perfect replied on Permalink
Thank you! They are actually
Thank you! They are actually really comfortable to sit in and no one believes I made them! I'm 5' 4", so I should mentioned that I shortened the leg to 14.5" and also shortened the measurement for the depth of the seat to 14". I got a high density foam chair pad from joann.com, but they are also available in the JoAnn store. I cut the chair pad to fit my seat with an electric kitchen knife then wrapped the chair pad with 1/2" batting (got that in the JoAnn store). Hope that helps. Let me know if you have any other questions. Thank you again for your compliments!
amstan103 replied on Permalink
How much narrower and how much taller did you make the chair? I LOVE your design much more than the original. The narrower frame and taller back make it look much classier in my opinion. Please get back to me when you can. Thank you!!
Knot Perfect replied on Permalink
Sorry I didn't see your
Sorry I didn't see your question earlier... thank you for the compliments on my redesign :) I posted a new pic with the dimensions for the back and seat. Thank you again and let me know if you have any other questions.


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Desperate love story about love taken over by addiction
"Just as appetite comes by eating, so work brings inspiration, if inspiration is not discernible at the beginning."
- Igor Stravinsky
"Simply, Gunshot by a killer against bad guy in enemy's base." - Expermental short video from Hong Kong students,... more
A catagory more befitting this video would be expertimental, but since Thai and Japanese is used I enter this into... more
What happens when you miss a day? One morning Sylvie's alarm clock fails and she sleeps through an entire day... more
a stale bagel, and starving musician and oh so much fun to review
spoof on German surealism films. Guy wanders around the woods searching for answers.
Shortfilm/Musicvideo Ubah (Change)
An ordinary guy tries to get to work in order to give an important presentation. The only trouble is that his car... more
While a man is making a drawing all become real but just for a moment.
A first-time robber holds up a 7Eleven with karmic consequences.
Ghana's unique culture fades as its younger generation becomes a product of westernization. IF BLUE "Q" PRESENT,... more


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London Theatre & Music Venues' Expert Seat Reviewer and Discount Deal Hunter. The Trusted Independent Insider Listings Guide since 2000.
THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET Box Office telephone 0845 481 1870
Paying FULL PRICE for tickets? Site writers and contributing guests have created this colour-coded plan, considering factors like views, comfort and value-for-money compared with other same-priced seats available.
Please remember that cheaper seats often do not offer the same view / location quality as top price ones, and that ticket prices are designed to reflect this difference.
Seats in GREEN many feel may offer either noticeable value, or something to compensate for a problem; for example, being a well-priced restricted view ticket. Any seats coloured LIGHT GREEN are sold at "premium" prices because the show producer thinks they are the best. The monkey says "you are only getting what you pay for" but uses this colour to highlight the ones it feels best at the price, and help everybody else find equally good seats nearby at lower prices. To find out why they have this colour click here.
Seats in WHITE, many feel, provided about what they pay for. Generally unremarkable, to find out why they have this colour, click here.
Seats in RED are coloured to draw attention. Not necessarily to be avoided - maybe nothing specific is wrong with them, other than opinions that there are better seats at the same price. Other times there may be something to consider before buying – perhaps overpricing, obstructed views, less comfort etc. To find out why they have this colour, click here.
The Dress Circle is called the "ROYAL CIRCLE" in this theatre. The Balcony is called the "GALLERY" in this theatre.
Some details may change. The monkey will update as available.
Be aware that reader feedback varies enormously on balcony (gallery) seats and front two rows of the Stalls. Click here to find out more.
(FREE call if using BT.com Calling Plan at your chosen times)


text:
From prominent political thinker and widely followed Slate columnist, a polemic on high rents and housing costs-and how these costs are hollowing out communities, thwarting economic development, and rendering personal success and fulfillment increasingly difficult to achieve.
Rent is an issue that affects nearly everyone. High rent is a problem for all of us, extending beyond personal financial strain. High rent drags on our country's overall rate of economic growth,… (more)
Publisher: Simon & Schuster (March 06, 2012)
Format: EPUB
Page count: 80 pages
File size: 1 MB
Protection: DRM
Language: English