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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Climatic Variability at Ten Stations Across the United States
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Ten stations are chosen for a study of climatic variability in the continental United States, using as the main criteria good geographical distribution, long-period records (since before 1900), and available daily, monthly and annual values of ...
Kevin C. Vining; John F. Griffiths
Assessment of Commercial Space Conditioning Technologies: Variable Capacity Rooftop Units
Space conditioning in U.S. commercial buildings is commonly performed by a packaged air-source rooftop unit (RTU). In recent years, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) manufacturers have begun to develop RTUs with higher efficiency through the implementation of variable capacity technology. Variable capacity RTUs potentially offer electric utilities a new resource for achieving energy and peak power reduction. This document aims to serve as a resource for electric utilities in ...
Variability of winter storminess in the eastern United States during the 20th century from tide gauges
Interannual to multidecadal variability of winter storminess in the eastern United States was studied using water level measurements from coastal tide gauges. The proximity to the coast of the primary winter storm track in the region allows the ...
Philip R. Thompson; Gary T. Mitchum; Cedric Vonesch; Jianke Li
Retroactive Change in Unit Value There are times when a student has enrolled in a variable unit class for a unit value that needs to be either
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Retroactive Change in Unit Value There are times when a student has enrolled in a variable unit class for a unit value that needs to be either increased or decreased retroactively. For stipulated reasons that are documented, a student may petition to retroactively change the unit value in a variable
de Lijser, Peter
Measurement and Modeling of Solar and PV Output Variability: Preprint
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Measurement and Modeling of Measurement and Modeling of Solar and PV Output Variability Preprint M. Sengupta To be presented at SOLAR 2011 Raleigh, North Carolina May 17-21, 2011 Conference Paper NREL/CP-5500-51105 April 2011 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (Alliance), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Accordingly, the US Government and Alliance retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty,
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Implementation and Applications
The effective operation of power systems in the present and the future depends to a large extent on how well the emerging challenges are met today. Power systems continue to be stressed as they are operated in many instances at or near their full capacities. In order to keep power systems operating securely and economically, it is necessary to further improve power and control system protection. Synchronized phasor measurements8212also known as phasor measurement units (PMUs)8212are ideal for monitoring ...
Megnetic Field Based Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
Synchronous phasor measurements are critical for the wide area monitoring and control of a large interconnected power system. However, only a small number of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have been installed in the North America, mostly because of the large installation and maintenance costs of a classical PMU that uses current transformers (CT) to obtain current signal and potential transformers (PT) to obtain voltage input signals. The classical PMUs use technology developed more than 20 years ago. I...
Modeling the Variability of Sydney Harbor Wind Measurements
The time-dependent behavior in the variability of wind measurements is investigated using bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models. These models express the current level of short-timescale wind variability in terms ...
Edward Cripps; William T. M. Dunsmuir
Low-cost inertial measurement unit.
Sandia National Laboratories performs many expensive tests using inertial measurement units (IMUs)--systems that use accelerometers, gyroscopes, and other sensors to measure flight dynamics in three dimensions. For the purpose of this report, the metrics used to evaluate an IMU are cost, size, performance, resolution, upgradeability and testing. The cost of a precision IMU is very high and can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Thus the goals and results of this project are as follows: (1) Examine the data flow in an IMU and determine a generic IMU design. (2) Discuss a high cost IMU implementation and its theoretically achievable results. (3) Discuss design modifications that would save money for suited applications. (4) Design and implement a low cost IMU and discuss its theoretically achievable results. (5) Test the low cost IMU and compare theoretical results with empirical results. (6) Construct a more streamlined printed circuit board design reducing noise, increasing capabilities, and constructing a self-contained unit. Using these results, we can compare a high cost IMU versus a low cost IMU using the metrics from above. Further, we can examine and suggest situations where a low cost IMU could be used instead of a high cost IMU for saving cost, size, or both.
Deyle, Travis Jay
Interannual Climate Variability and Snowpack in the Western United States
An important part of the water supply in the western United States is derived from runoff fed by mountain snowmelt Snow accumulation responds to both precipitation and temperature variations, and forms an interesting climatic index, since it ...
Daniel R. Cayan
2000 Years of Drought Variability in the Central United States
Droughts are one of the most devastating natural hazards faced by the United States today. Severe droughts of the twentieth century have had large impacts on economies, society, and the environment, especially in the Great Plains. However, the ...
Connie A. Woodhouse; Jonathan T. Overpeck
Diurnal Variability of Precipitation in the Northeastern United States
The diurnal and semidiurnal variations of precipitation over the northeastern United States (New England, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania) are investigated using 25 years of hourly precipitation data for 271 stations. The hourly data were ...
Michael G. Landin; Lance F. Bosart
Seasonal variability of wind electric potential in the United States
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Seasonal wind electric potential has been estimated for the contiguous United States based on the methods previously used to estimate the annual average wind electric potential. National maps show estimates of the seasonal wind electric potential averaged over the state as a whole, and gridded maps show the distribution of the seasonal wind electric potential within a state. The seasons of winter and spring have highest wind electric potential for most windy areas in the United States. Summer is the season with the least potential for most of the contiguous United States. Wind electric potential patterns in autumn generally resemble the annual average potential map. Excellent matches between seasonal wind electric potential and electric energy use occur during winter for the northern parts of the nation. California has a good match between summer wind potential and electric use.
Schwartz, M.N.; Elliott, D.L.; Gower, G.L.
Characteristics of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in the United States and Mexico: Climatology and Interannual Variability
The climatology and interannual variability of landfalling tropical cyclones and their impacts on precipitation in the continental United States and Mexico are examined. The analysis is based on National Hurricane Center 6-hourly tropical cyclone ...
Joshua Larson; Yaping Zhou; R. Wayne Higgins
Variability Common to First Leaf Dates and Snowpack in the Western Conterminous United States
Singular value decomposition is used to identify the common variability in first leaf dates (FLD) and April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) for the western United States during the period 1900 through 2012. Results indicate two modes of joint ...
Gregory J. McCabe; Julio L. Betancourt; Gregory T. Pederson; Mark D. Schwartz
What Drives the Variability of Evaporative Demand across the Conterminous United States?
To understand the sources of temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric evaporative demand across the conterminous United States (CONUS), a mean-value, second-moment uncertainty analysis is applied to a spatially distributed dataset of daily ...
Michael Hobbins; Andrew Wood; David Streubel; Kevin Werner
Dominant Factors Responsible for Interannual Variability of the Summer Monsoon in the Southwestern United States
Interannual variability of the summer monsoon in the southwestern United States is controlled by various ocean- and land-based conditions (e.g., SST, soil moisture, and snow cover) that provide sources of memory of antecedent climate anomalies ...
R. W. Higgins; W. Shi
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
DOE/EIA-0555(95)/2 Distribution Category UC-950 Measuring Energy Efficiency in the United States' Economy: A Beginning Energy Consumption Series October 1995
Variability in Measured Space Temperatures in 60 Homes
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Variability in Measured Space Variability in Measured Space Temperatures in 60 Homes David Roberts National Renewable Energy Laboratory Kerylyn Lay EnerNOC (formerly of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-58059 March 2013 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Variability in Measured Space Temperatures in 60 Homes David Roberts National Renewable Energy Laboratory Kerylyn Lay EnerNOC (formerly of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Definition: Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Measurement Unit (PMU) Measurement Unit (PMU) Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Calculates voltage and current phasors based on digital sampling of alternating current (AC) waveforms and a precise time signal provided by a GPS clock. A PMU provides output data in a standard protocol at rates of at least 30 samples per second for communication to remote locations. Since voltage and current measurements are time-stamped, synchrophasor data collected across the country can be time synchronized conditions at distant locations can be accurately compared. Digital Fault Recorders, digital relays, and other devices that have PMU capability can also be considered PMUs.[1] Related Terms sustainability, smart grid References ↑ https://www.smartgrid.gov/category/technology/phasor_measurement_unit_pmu
Variability Common to Global Sea-Surface Temperatures and Runoff in the Conterminous United States
Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to identify the variability common to global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and water-balance-modeled water-year (WY) runoff in the conterminous United States (US) for the 1900 through 2012 period. Two ...
Gregory J. McCabe; David M. Wolock
Simple Procedures for Extrapolation of Humidity Variables in the Mountainous Western United States
A series of simple procedures are presented for extrapolating climatic averages of humidity variables from a reference location with long-term humidity measurements to nearby higher elevation locations. The extrapolation of monthly average ...
Kenneth E. Kunkel
Variability and Trends of Total Precipitation and Snowfall over the United States and Canada
The biases and large-scale inhomogeneities in the time series of measured precipitation and snowfall over the United States and Canada are discussed and analyzed. The spatial statistical characteristics of monthly and annual snowfall and total ...
Pavel Ya Groisman; David R. Easterling
This paper seeks to understand what temporal and spatial scales of variability in global horizontal radiation are important to a PV plants and what measurements are needed to be able to characterize them. As solar radiation measuring instruments are point receivers it is important to understand how those measurements translate to energy received over a larger spatial extent. Also of importance is the temporal natural of variability over large spatial areas. In this research we use high temporal and spatial resolution measurements from multiple sensors at a site in Hawaii to create solar radiation fields at various spatial and temporal scales. Five interpolation schemes were considered and the high resolution solar fields were converted to power production for a PV power plant. It was found that the interpolation schemes are robust and create ramp distributions close to what would be computed if the average solar radiation field was used. We also investigated the possibility of using time averaged solar data from 1 sensor to recreate the ramp distribution from the 17 sensors. It was found that the ramping distribution from using appropriately time averaged data from 1 sensor can reasonably match the distribution created using the 17 sensor network.
Sengupta, M.
Measurement and Modeling of Solar and PV Output Variability
Development of Next Generation Phasor Measurement Unit Features
This report addresses the communications and computing foundations necessary to achieve the smart transmission grid: one capable of anticipating problems and automatically reconfiguring itself after an event. Wide-Area Measurement System (WAMS) is a new technology that enables major advances in power system operation, protection, and maintenance. Key building blocks of WAMS are synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs), or synchrophasors. When linked together, they can provide a precise and comprehens...
5 5 STANDARD SYMBOLS FOR UNITS OF MEASURE ____________________________________________________________________________________ AIP IEEE CDR APS ____________________________________________________________________________________ ampere A A A A ampere hour Ah Ah A·h A·h ampere turn At A A At angstrom A · A · Å atmosphere, std atm atm atm atm atomic mass unit amu u amu atomic percent at.% - at.% atomic unit a.u. - a.u. atomic weight at.wt. - at.wt. bar bar bar bar bar British Thermal Unit Btu Btu Btu calorie (cgs) cal cal cal centimeter cm cm cm cm coulomb C C C C cubic centimeter cm 3 cm 3 cm 3 cycles per second Hz, cps, Hz, c/s Hz Hz c/s, c/sec cubic meter m 3 m 3 decibel dB dB dB dB decibel above 1 mW dBm - dBm degree (plane angle) ...°, deg ...° ...°,deg ...°, deg degree Celsius °C °C °C °C degree Fahrenheit °F °F °F °F electromagnetic unit
Measuring Cost Variability in Provision of Transit Service
pro- vide separate cost estimates for two periods�the peakvehicle-hour unit-cost estimates for the peak and base= vehicle-hour unit-cost estimate for peak, U BVH = vehicle-
Taylor, Brian D.; Garrett, Mark; Iseki, Hiroyuki
Comparing Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Patterns of Interannual Precipitation Variability over the Western United States and Northern Mexico
The ability of coupled climate models to simulate the patterns of interannual precipitation variability over the western half of the United States and northern Mexico is investigated by applying principal component analysis to observations and ...
Tyler W. Ruff; Yochanan Kushnir; Richard Seager
1 APPENDIX1 Contents A1. SHALE GAS PRODUCTION GROWTH IN THE UNITED STATES..............................1 A2. VARIABILITY IN SHALE WELL PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE ............................1 A3. GHG FOR FLOWBACK GAS CAPTURE IN SHALE PLAYS..9 A5. REFERENCES
Laboratory Performance Evaluation Report of SEL 421 Phasor Measurement Unit
PNNL and BPA have been in close collaboration on laboratory performance evaluation of phasor measurement units for over ten years. A series of evaluation tests are designed to confirm accuracy and determine measurement performance under a variety of conditions that may be encountered in actual use. Ultimately the testing conducted should provide parameters that can be used to adjust all measurements to a standardized basis. These tests are performed with a standard relay test set using recorded files of precisely generated test signals. The test set provides test signals at a level and in a format suitable for input to a PMU that accurately reproduces the signals in both signal amplitude and timing. Test set outputs are checked to confirm the accuracy of the output signal. The recorded signals include both current and voltage waveforms and a digital timing track used to relate the PMU measured value with the test signal. Test signals include steady-state waveforms to test amplitude, phase, and frequency accuracy, modulated signals to determine measurement and rejection bands, and step tests to determine timing and response accuracy. Additional tests are included as necessary to fully describe the PMU operation. Testing is done with a BPA phasor data concentrator (PDC) which provides communication support and monitors data input for dropouts and data errors.
Huang, Zhenyu; faris, Anthony J.; Martin, Kenneth E.; Hauer, John F.; Bonebrake, Christopher A.; Shaw, James M.
Detection of Rooftop Cooling Unit Faults Based on Electrical Measurements
Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is accomplished by sampling voltage and current at high rates and reducing the resulting start transients or harmonic contents to concise ''signatures''. Changes in these signatures can be used to detect, and in many cases directly diagnose, equipment and component faults associated with roof-top cooling units. Use of the NILM for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is important because (1) it complements other FDD schemes that are based on thermo-fluid sensors and analyses and (2) it is minimally intrusive (one measuring point in the relatively protected confines of the control panel) and therefore inherently reliable. This paper describes changes in the power signatures of fans and compressors that were found, experimentally and theoretically, to be useful for fault detection.
Armstrong, Peter R.; Laughman, C R.; Leeb, S B.; Norford, L K.
SciTech Connect
This report discusses the observed variability in indoor space temperature in a set of 60 homes located in Florida, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Temperature data were collected at 15-minute intervals for an entire year, including living room, master bedroom, and outdoor air temperature (Arena, et. al). The data were examined to establish the average living room temperature for the set of homes for the heating and cooling seasons, the variability of living room temperature depending on climate, and the variability of indoor space temperature within the homes. The accuracy of software-based energy analysis depends on the accuracy of input values. Thermostat set point is one of the most influential inputs for building energy simulation. Several industry standards exist that recommend differing default thermostat settings for heating and cooling seasons. These standards were compared to the values calculated for this analysis. The data examined for this report show that there is a definite difference between the climates and that the data do not agree well with any particular standard.
Roberts, D.; Lay, K.
A Variable Sky-View Platform for the Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation
One of the more difficult tasks confronting atmospheric researchers today is the acquisition of long-term radiometric measurements that encapsulate variability in the sky hemisphere as well as time. High quality spatial measurements would allow ...
Christopher Kuchinke; Manuel Nunez
On Gaussian Random Measures Generated by Empirical Distributions of Independent Random Variables
Normalized fluctuations of empirical measures converge to a law of a random measure if and only if the underlying random variable is purely discrete with square-root-summable probabilities. 1
unknown authors
Structure and Detectability of Trends in Hydrological Measures over the Western United States
This study examines the geographic structure of observed trends in key hydrologically relevant variables across the western United States at ?� spatial resolution during the period 1950�99. Geographical regions, latitude bands, and elevation ...
T. Das; H. G. Hidalgo; D. W. Pierce; T. P. Barnett; M. D. Dettinger; D. R. Cayan; C. Bonfils; G. Bala; A. Mirin
Automatic Continuous Commissioning of Measurement Instruments in Air Handling Units
This paper presents a robust strategy based on a condition-based adaptive statistical method for automatic commissioning of measurement instruments typically employed in air-handling units (AHU). The multivariate statistic method, principal component analysis (PCA), is adopted and modified to monitor the air handling process. Two PCA models are built corresponding to the heat balance and pressure-flow balance of the air-handling process. Sensor faults can be detected and isolated using the Q-statistic and the Q-contribution plot. The fault isolation ability against typical component faults is improved using knowledge-based analysis. A novel condition-based adaptive scheme is developed to update the PCA models with the operation conditions for continuous online application. A commissioning tool is developed to implement the strategy. Simulation tests and field tests in a building in Hong Kong were conducted to validate the automatic commissioning strategy for typical AHU. The integration of the tool with a building management system (BMS) and its application is demonstrated.
Xiao, F.; Wang, S.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Nonfreezing Drizzle in the United States and Canada
A climatology of nonfreezing drizzle is created using surface observations from 584 stations across the United States and Canada over the 15-yr period 1976�90. Drizzle falls 50�200 h a year in most locations in the eastern United States and ...
Addison L. Sears-Collins; David M. Schultz; Robert H. Johns
Impacts of Historic Climate Variability on Seasonal Soil Frost in the Midwestern United States
The present study examines the effects of historic climate variability on cold-season processes, including soil temperature, frost depth, and the number of frost days and freeze�thaw cycles. Considering the importance of spatial and temporal ...
Tushar Sinha; Keith A. Cherkauer; Vimal Mishra
Mechanisms of Interannual Variability of the Southwest United States Summer Rainfall Maximum
The mid-summer rainfall singularity of the Southwest United States (principally Arizona) exhibits marked variations on interannual and decadal time scales. Examination of the synoptic mechanisms involved in these variations is undertaken here. In ...
Andrew M. Carleton; Duane A. Carpenter; Paul J. Weser
An Analysis of Precipitation Variability, Persistence, and Observational Data Uncertainty in the Western United States
This paper presents an intercomparison of precipitation observations for the western United States. Using nine datasets, the authors provide a comparative climatology and season- and location-specific evaluations of precipitation uncertainty for ...
Kristen J. Guirguis; Roni Avissar
Effects of Temperature and Precipitation Variability on Snowpack Trends in the Western United States
Recent studies have shown substantial declines in snow water equivalent (SWE) over much of the western United States in the last half century, as well as trends toward earlier spring snowmelt and peak spring streamflows. These trends are ...
Alan F. Hamlet; Philip W. Mote; Martyn P. Clark; Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Multiscale Temporal Variability of Warm-Season Precipitation over North America: Statistical Analysis of Radar Measurements
Directionally averaged time series of precipitation rates for eight warm seasons (1996�2003) over the continental United States derived from Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) measurements are analyzed using spectral decomposition methods. ...
Hsiao-ming Hsu; Mitchell W. Moncrieff; Wen-wen Tung; Changhai Liu
Measurement and QCD analysis of event shape variables in deep-inelastic electron-proton collisions at HERA
Kluge, T
Battery Performance Monitoring by Internal Ohmic Measurements: Emergency Lighting Unit Batteries
Battery internal ohmic measurements offer a less expensive and technically superior alternative to the 8-hour discharge test, now required to demonstrate capacity. This report documents the initial results of internal ohmic testing on three emergency battery lighting (EBL) unit types used in nuclear power plants. In two of the three EBL unit types tested, internal ohmic measurements could replace battery capacity discharge tests.
Seasonal climate variability and change in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
Observed changes in climate of the United States Pacific Northwest since the early 20th century were examined using four different datasets. Annual mean temperature increased by approximately 0.6-0.8�C from 1901-2012, with corroborating indicators ...
John T. Abatzoglou; David E. Rupp; Philip W. Mote
Variability in United States Cloudiness and its Relation to El Niñ
Based on linear regression, during 1950�85 the year-average, United States cloudiness (defined here as an average of cloud amount and sunshine duration) increased by a significant 0.8% per decade, with the increase greatest in the South Central ...
J. K. Angell; J. Korshover
Surface Temperatures of Insulated Glazing Units: Infrared Thermography Laboratory Measurements
Infrared Thermography Measurements of Window Thermal Test Specimen Infrared Thermography Measurements of Window Thermal Test Specimen Surface Temperatures Brent T. Griffith ASHRAE Member, Howdy Goudey, and Dariush Arasteh P.E. ASHRAE Member Building Technologies Program Environment Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA August 2, 2001 This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs, Office of Building Systems of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. Surface Temperatures of Window Specimens: Infrared Thermography Laboratory Measurements Brent T. Griffith 1 , Howdy Goudey, and Dariush Arasteh
Abstract--This paper is concerned about the analysis of network observability and phasor measurement unit (PMU)
measurement unit (PMU) placement when using a mixed measurement set. The measurements will include by phasor measurement units. The observability analysis is followed by an optimal meter placement strategy for the PMUs. Index Terms--State estimation, network observability, meter placement, phasor measurement units
Disaggregating measurement uncertainty from population variability and Bayesian treatment of uncensored results
In making low-level radioactivity measurements of populations, it is commonly observed that a substantial portion of net results are negative. Furthermore, the observed variance of the measurement results arises from a combination of measurement uncertainty and population variability. This paper presents a method for disaggregating measurement uncertainty from population variability to produce a probability density function (PDF) of possibly true results. To do this, simple, justifiable, and reasonable assumptions are made about the relationship of the measurements to the measurands (the 'true values'). The measurements are assumed to be unbiased, that is, that their average value is the average of the measurands. Using traditional estimates of each measurement's uncertainty to disaggregate population variability from measurement uncertainty, a PDF of measurands for the population is produced. Then, using Bayes's theorem, the same assumptions, and all the data from the population of individuals, a prior PDF is computed for each individual's measurand. These PDFs are non-negative, and their average is equal to the average of the measurement results for the population. The uncertainty in these Bayesian posterior PDFs is all Berkson with no remaining classical component. The methods are applied to baseline bioassay data from the Hanford site. The data include 90Sr urinalysis measurements on 128 people, 137Cs in vivo measurements on 5,337 people, and 239Pu urinalysis measurements on 3,270 people. The method produces excellent results for the 90Sr and 137Cs measurements, since there are nonzero concentrations of these global fallout radionuclides in people who have not been occupationally exposed. The method does not work for the 239Pu measurements in non-occupationally exposed people because the population average is essentially zero.
Strom, Daniel J.; Joyce, Kevin E.; Maclellan, Jay A.; Watson, David J.; Lynch, Timothy P.; Antonio, Cheryl L.; Birchall, Alan; Anderson, Kevin K.; Zharov, Peter
Application of Phasor Measurement Units for Controlled System Separation
Controlled system separation is considered the final line of defense to save a power transmission system against a catastrophic blackout under severe disturbances8212for example, cascading failures. In a controlled manner, the system is separated into sustainable electrical islands, which can be resynchronized later to restore the system. This technical report gives an overview of controlled system separation and then proposes a practical controlled system separation scheme utilizing phasor measurement u...
Winter Weather Forecasting throughout the Eastern United States. Part III: The Effects of Topography and the Variability of Winter Weather in the Carolinas and Virginia
Winter weather in the Carolinas and Virginia is highly variable and influenced by the area's diverse topography and geography. The Gulf Stream, the highest mountains in the Appalachians, the largest coastal lagoonal system in the United States, ...
Kermit K. Keeter; Steven Businger; Laurence G. Lee; Jeff S. Waldstreicher
Interannual Variability of the Cyclonic Activity along the U.S. Pacific Coast: Influences on the Characteristics of Winter Precipitation in the Western United States
This study examines the observed interannual variability of the cyclonic activity along the U.S. Pacific coast and quantifies its impact on the characteristics of both the winter total and extreme precipitation in the western United States. A ...
Boksoon Myoung; Yi Deng
U.S. Economic Sensitivity to Weather Variability
To estimate the economic effects of weather variability in the United States, the authors define and measure weather sensitivity as the variability in economic output that is attributable to weather variability, accounting for changes in technology and ...
Jeffrey K. Lazo; Megan Lawson; Peter H. Larsen; Donald M. Waldman
Measuring Upper Ocean Variability from an Array of Surface Moorings in the Subtropical Convergence Zone
Measurements of upper ocean variability were made in the subtropical convergence zone southwest of Bermuda from an array of five surface moorings set with spacings of 16 to 53 km. The intent was to observe oceanic fronts and to quantify the ...
Robert A. Weller; Daniel L. Rudnick; Nancy J. Pennington; Richard P. Trask; James R. Valdes
Program on Technology Innovation: Electric Field-Based Phasor Measurement Unit
The popularity of phasor measurement units (PMUs) comes from their ability to synchronize the voltage and current phasor measurements in interconnected power systems. Those synchronized phasor measurements are critical for wide area power system monitoring and control. However, the prevailing PMU technology was developed more than 20 years ago and is usually accompanied by high installation and maintenance costs.
Inertial measurement unit calibration using Full Information Maximum Likelihood Optimal Filtering
The robustness of Full Information Maximum Likelihood Optimal Filtering (FIMLOF) for inertial measurement unit (IMU) calibration in high-g centrifuge environments is considered. FIMLOF uses an approximate Newton's Method ...
Thompson, Gordon A. (Gordon Alexander)
Energy Implications of Retrofitting Retail Sector Rooftop Units with Stepped-Speed and Variable-Speed Functionality
Commercial retailers understand that retrofitting constant-speed RTU fan motors with stepped- or variable-speed alternatives could save significant energy in most U.S. climate zones. However, they lack supporting data, both real-world and simulation based, on the cost effectiveness and climate zone-specific energy savings associated with this measure. Thus, building managers and engineers have been unable to present a compelling business case for fan motor upgrades to upper management. This study uses whole-building energy simulation to estimate the energy impact of this type of measure so retailers can determine its economic feasibility.
Studer, D.; Romero, R.; Herrmann, L.; Benne, K.
Energy sensitivity and variability analysis of Populus hybrid short-rotation plantations in northeastern United States. Final report
Production of biomass by corn-like plantations has been demonstrated by a number of researchers. These forest analogs of agronomic cropping systems have the potential to yield substantially more biomass per unit area than traditional forests. Care is needed in choosing the appropriate sites, species, spacing, and harvesting strategies. Opportunities for increased yields have been suggested for fertilization and irrigation. Utilization of the biomass from these dense plantations for energy was the focus of this study. Although the amount of energy potential of the biomass is important, the energy output must be greater than the energy input for biomass to have a positive benefit to society. Further, in order to completely evaluate the net energy of the system it is necessary to examine the energy out-to-in ratios on the basis of usable energy (for example, usable heat, process steam and electricity), as well as all of the energies expended in producing, harvesting, transporting and processing the biomass. The objective of this study is to establish and analyze the energy inputs for selected management strategies in order to evaluate the sensitivity and variability of the energy inputs in the net energy analysis, and based on the net energy analysis to recommend a management strategy that minimizes energy inputs while maximizing biomass yield for short-rotation systems of Populus spp. in the northeastern United States.
Bowersox, T.W.; Blankenhorn, P.R.
Solar Radiation Changes in the United States during the Twentieth Century: Evidence from Sunshine Duration Measurements
Changes in sunshine duration (SS) measured in the conterminous United States during the past century were used as a proxy to explore changes in shortwave forcing at the earth�s surface when and where accurate measurements of global irradiance (Eg)...
Gerald Stanhill; Shabtai Cohen
Phasor Measurement Unit-Based Out-of-Step Protection Scheme
One of the most promising applications of phasor measurement units (PMUs) or synchro-phasors with advances in wide-area communications is system stability monitoring and control. The synchronized phase information of the system (phases measured at strategically important buses) can indicate the dynamic performance of a power system. This technical report presents a practical approach for detecting and mitigating system out-of-step conditions using PMUs. The approach builds on existing knowledge accumulat...
Phasor Measurement Unit Deployment, Networking, Data Collection and Applications Utilizing the IntelliGrid Architecture - Public
The New York Power Authority (NYPA) is looking to evaluate and upgrade its existing Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) network and associated communication links to meet future needs. NYPA desires to migrate toward greater use of open standards to enable the benefits of multi-vendor procurements, higher levels of systems integration, and system robustness.
Multi-area power system state estimation utilizing boundary measurements and phasor measurement units ( PMUs)
The objective of this thesis is to prove the validity of a multi-area state estimator and investigate the advantages it provides over a serial state estimator. This is done utilizing the IEEE 118 Bus Test System as a sample system. This thesis investigates the benefits that stem from utilizing a multi-area state estimator instead of a serial state estimator. These benefits are largely in the form of increased accuracy and decreased processing time. First, the theory behind power system state estimation is explained for a simple serial estimator. Then the thesis shows how conventional measurements and newer, more accurate PMU measurements work within the framework of weighted least squares estimation. Next, the multi-area state estimator is examined closely and the additional measurements provided by PMUs are used to increase accuracy and computational efficiency. Finally, the multi-area state estimator is tested for accuracy, its ability to detect bad data, and computation time.
Freeman, Matthew A
In-situ gamma-PHA measurements to support unconditional release of 235-F chiller units
The Analytical Development Section of Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) was requested by the Facility Decommission Division (FDD) to conduct in-situ gamma-ray pulse height analysis measurements to support the unconditional release of 235-F chiller units. The chiller units were used to cool process water in the 235-F facility. The measurements' main goal is to confirm that there is no process-related contaminants present on the chillers. For each of the two F-area clean water chillers, the authors have acquired ten gamma-ray pulse height analysis spectra. This report will discuss the purpose of the measurements, the experimental setup, data acquisition, calculations and results, and a conclusion of the study.
Salaymeh, S.R.
Measurement of Temperature and Velocity Fields in a Heater Unit by Liquid Crystal Thermometry and Particle Image Velocimetry
Temperature and velocity fields in a heating unit for automobiles are measured through a model experiment in water tunnel using flow visualizations and image analysis to investigate the mixing mechanism of the flow that has passed through the heater ... Keywords: flow measurement, flow visualization, heater unit, liquid crystal, particle image velocimetry, temperature measurement
N. Fujisawa; H. Ikeda; R. Saito; M. Yokota
Continuous Ammonia Slip Measurements on a Lignite-Fired Unit with a Selective Catalytic Reduction System
Ammonia slip measurements that were made by a tunable diode laser (TDL) were conducted on a lignite-fired unit with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system using a newly developed adjustable flange assembly for dynamic alignment of cross-duct measurements. The single path optics were integrated with a fiber optic�coupled TDL system (Unisearch LasIR) and two shields to allow measurements over the 25-foot (7.62-meter) flue gas duct dimension. The nominal 4.5-foot (1.67-meter) shields were required to ...
Abstract--Heart rate variability (HRV) is frequently used to measure autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. However,
1 of 4 Abstract--Heart rate variability (HRV) is frequently used to measure autonomic nervous frequency (HF) ratio with little change in mean heart rate. Results suggest that nicotine affects both components may yield erroneous results. Keywords--Autonomic regulation, heart rate variability, Lomb
Suborbital Measurements of Spectral Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Variability at Subsatellite Grid Scales in Support of CLAMS 2001
As part of the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) experiment, 10 July�2 August 2001, off the central East Coast of the United States, the 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) was ...
J. Redemann; B. Schmid; J. A. Eilers; R. Kahn; R. C. Levy; P. B. Russell; J. M. Livingston; P. V. Hobbs; W. L. Smith Jr.; B. N. Holben
Grid Impacts of Wind Power Variability: Recent Assessments from a Variety of Utilities in the United States (Presentation)
Presentation for the European Wind Energy Conference held February 27--March 2, 2006, in Athens, Greece, showing grid impacts of wind power variability.
Parsons, B.
Measurements of Some Aerosol Properties Relevant to Radiative Forcing on the East Coast of the United States
Airborne measurements of aerosol light-scattering efficiencies are presented for a portion of the northeast Atlantic seaboard of the United State during July 1993. The measurements suggest a value for the sulfate light-scattering efficiency in ...
Dean A. Hegg; Peter V. Hobbs; Ronald J. Ferek; Alan P. Waggoner
Global Characteristics of Ocean Variability Estimated from Regional TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Measurements
Three years of altimetric data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON spacecraft have been used to study characteristics of eddy variability over the World Ocean. The nature of the variability and its spatial structure are characterized in terms of the ...
Detlef Stammer
Assessment of Drought due to Historic Climate Variability and Projected Future Climate Change in the Midwestern United States
Understanding the occurrence and variability of drought events in historic and projected future climate is essential to managing natural resources and setting policy. The Midwest region is a key contributor in corn and soybean production, and the ...
Vimal Mishra; Keith A. Cherkauer; Shraddhanand Shukla
Temporal Variability of Land�Atmosphere Coupling and Its Implications for Drought over the Southeast United States
Droughts represent a significant source of social and economic damage in the southeast United States. Having sufficient warning of these extreme events enables managers to prepare for and potentially mitigate the severity of their impacts. A ...
Joshua K. Roundy; Craig R. Ferguson; Eric F. Wood
Drought in the Southeastern United States: Causes, Variability over the Last Millennium, and the Potential for Future Hydroclimate Change
An assessment of the nature and causes of drought in the southeastern United States is conducted as well as an assessment of model projections of anthropogenically forced hydroclimate change in this region. The study uses observations of ...
Richard Seager; Alexandrina Tzanova; Jennifer Nakamura
Daily snow depth measurements from 195 stations in the United States
This document describes a database containing daily measurements of snow depth at 195 National Weather Service (NWS) first-order climatological stations in the United States. The data have been assembled and made available by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina. The 195 stations encompass 388 unique sampling locations in 48 of the 50 states; no observations from Delaware or Hawaii are included in the database. Station selection criteria emphasized the quality and length of station records while seeking to provide a network with good geographic coverage. Snow depth at the 388 locations was measured once per day on ground open to the sky. The daily snow depth is the total depth of the snow on the ground at measurement time. The time period covered by the database is 1893--1992; however, not all station records encompass the complete period. While a station record ideally should contain daily data for at least the seven winter months (January through April and October through December), not all stations have complete records. Each logical record in the snow depth database contains one station`s daily data values for a period of one month, including data source, measurement, and quality flags.
Allison, L.J. [ed.] [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; Easterling, D.R.; Jamason, P.; Bowman, D.P.; Hughes, P.Y.; Mason, E.H. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Asheville, NC (United States). National Climatic Data Center
Statistical Analysis of Precipitation Chemistry Measurements over the Eastern United States. Part II: Kriging Analysis of Regional Patterns and Trends
The regional patterns and time trends of free acidity and inorganic chemical constituents in precipitation were investigated using a new archive of daily precipitation chemistry measurements for the eastern United States. This archive contains ...
Barrett P. Eynon
Statistical Analysis of Precipitation Chemistry Measurements over the Eastern United States. Part IV: The Influences of Meteorological Factors
The influences of meteorological factors on precipitation acidity and constituent concentrations were investigated statistically using selected portions of a new archive of daily precipitation chemistry measurements for the eastern United States. ...
C. Maxwell; B. P. Eynon; R. M. Endlich
Grid Impacts of Wind Power Variability: Recent Assessments from a Variety of Utilities in the United States; Preprint
Because of wind power's unique characteristics, many concerns are based on the increased variability that wind contributes to the grid, and most U.S. studies have focused on this aspect of wind generation. Grid operators are also concerned about the ability to predict wind generation over several time scales. In this report, we quantify the physical impacts and costs of wind generation on grid operations and the associated costs.
Parsons, B.; Milligan, M.; Smith, J. C.; DeMeo, E.; Oakleaf, B.; Wolf, K.; Schuerger, M.; Zavadil, R.; Ahlstrom, M.; Nakafuji, D. Y.
Measurement of GCM Skill in Predicting Variables Relevant for Hydroclimatological Assessments
Simulations from general circulation models are now being used for a variety of studies and purposes. With up to 23 different GCMs now available, it is desirable to determine whether a specific variable from a particular model is representative ...
Fiona Johnson; Ashish Sharma
Damage measurements on the NWTC direct-drive, variable-speed test bed
The NWTC (National Wind Technology Center) Variable-Speed Test Bed turbine is a three-bladed, 10-meter, downwind machine that can be run in either fixed-speed or variable-speed mode. In the variable-speed mode, the generator torque is regulated, using a discrete-stepped load bank to maximize the turbine`s power coefficient. At rated power, a second control loop that uses blade pitch to maintain rotor speed essentially as before, i.e., using the load bank to maintain either generator power or (optionally) generator torque. In this paper, the authors will use this turbine to study the effect of variable-speed operation on blade damage. Using time-series data obtained from blade flap and edge strain gauges, the load spectrum for the turbine is developed using rainflow counting techniques. Miner`s rule is then used to determine the damage rates for variable-speed and fixed-speed operation. The results illustrate that the controller algorithm used with this turbine introduces relatively large load cycles into the blade that significantly reduce its service lifetime, while power production is only marginally increased.
Sutherland, H.J. [Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Carlin, P.W. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)
Angular diameter measurements of evolved variables by lunar occultations at 2.2 and 3.8 micron
We report the angular diameters of two Mira variables (U Ari and Z Sco), three semiregular (SR) and irregular variables (SW Vir, eta Gem and mu Gem) and a supergiant SR variable (TV Gem) by lunar occultation observations in the near-IR broad K-band (2.2 micron). Lunar occultations of eta Gem and mu Gem were also observed for the first time simultaneously in both the K and L' bands, yielding angular diameters at 2.2 and 3.8 micron. Effective temperatures and linear radii are also derived for all the observed sources and compared with earlier measurements. The mode of pulsation of both Mira and SR sources in our sample is discussed.
Soumen Mondal; T. Chandrasekhar
Mondal, S A; Mondal, Soumen
Measure Guideline: Replacing Single-Speed Pool Pumps with Variable Speed Pumps for Energy Savings
The report evaluates potential energy savings by replacing traditional single-speed pool pumps with variable speed pool pumps, and provide a basic cost comparison between continued uses of traditional pumps verses new pumps. A simple step-by-step process for inspecting the pool area and installing a new pool pump follows.
Hunt, A.; Easley, S.
Control and Monitoring Instrumentation for the Continuous Measurement of Atmospheric CO2 and Meteorological Variables
The NOAA/GMCC program was chartered to monitor the trends in those atmospheric constituents that can cause climate change. A four-observatory network was established, and a 15-year database has resulted for selected variables. At the inception, a ...
G. A. Herbert; E. R. Green; J. M. Harris; G. L. Koenig; S. J. Roughton; K. W. Thaut
Variable Density Flow Modeling for Simulation Framework for Regional Geologic CO{sub 2} Storage Along Arches Province of Midwestern United States
The Arches Province in the Midwestern U.S. has been identified as a major area for carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) storage applications because of the intersection of Mt. Simon sandstone reservoir thickness and permeability. To better understand large-scale CO{sub 2} storage infrastructure requirements in the Arches Province, variable density scoping level modeling was completed. Three main tasks were completed for the variable density modeling: Single-phase, variable density groundwater flow modeling; Scoping level multi-phase simulations; and Preliminary basin-scale multi-phase simulations. The variable density modeling task was successful in evaluating appropriate input data for the Arches Province numerical simulations. Data from the geocellular model developed earlier in the project were translated into preliminary numerical models. These models were calibrated to observed conditions in the Mt. Simon, suggesting a suitable geologic depiction of the system. The initial models were used to assess boundary conditions, calibrate to reservoir conditions, examine grid dimensions, evaluate upscaling items, and develop regional storage field scenarios. The task also provided practical information on items related to CO{sub 2} storage applications in the Arches Province such as pressure buildup estimates, well spacing limitations, and injection field arrangements. The Arches Simulation project is a three-year effort and part of the United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE)/National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) program on innovative and advanced technologies and protocols for monitoring/verification/accounting (MVA), simulation, and risk assessment of CO{sub 2} sequestration in geologic formations. The overall objective of the project is to develop a simulation framework for regional geologic CO{sub 2} storage infrastructure along the Arches Province of the Midwestern U.S.
Joel Sminchak
Green Building Performance Evaluation in the United States: Measured Results from LEED- New Construction Buildings
Is the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design program (LEED) delivering actual energy savings? This study addresses that question with a post-occupancy assessment of 121 LEED buildings across the United State. Input to the study consisted of energy bills and brief descriptions of actual building use from owners, plus modeled energy usage information from the U.S. Green Buildings Council�s (USGBC) LEED submittal files. The actual building performance was viewed through several whole-building metrics: energy use intensity (EUI) relative to national averages, Energy Star ratings, and energy use levels relative to the initial energy modeling (covered in more detail in Frankel, 2008). Two overall results emerged. First, across each of these varied measurements, LEED building performance averaged 25 � 30% better than the benchmark. However, there is also wide variation within the individual results, even for similar building activities and climate zones, suggesting potential for significant further improvements. This paper presents general EUI patterns, Energy Star ratings, and their relationship to LEED energy credits. The discussion also covers the study process and current challenges to such efforts.
Hewitt, D.; Turner, C.; Frankel, M.
Fabrication of 3-D cubic unit cells with measured IR resonances.
3-D cubic unit cell arrays containing split ring resonators were fabricated and characterized. The unit cells are {approx}3 orders-of-magnitude smaller than microwave SRR-based metamaterials and exhibit both electrically and magnetically excited resonances for normally incident TEM waves in addition to showing improved isotropic response.
Ellis, A. Robert; Sinclair, Michael B.; Brener, Igal; Wendt, Joel Robert; Burckel, David Bruce; Ginn, James Cleveland, III; Ten Eyck, Gregory A.
Eddy Variability and Energetics from Direct Current Measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current South of Australia
Two-year time series measurements of current velocity and temperature in the Subantarctic Front (SAF) south of Australia from 1993 to 1995 provide estimates of eddy fluxes of heat and momentum across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and ...
Helen E. Phillips; Stephen R. Rintoul
Large Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Variability: Satellite and In Situ Measurements
Data from a surface mooring located in the Sargasso Sea at 34�N, 70�W between May 1982 and May 1984 were compared with satellite data to investigate large diurnal sea surface temperature changes. Mooring and satellite measurements are in ...
Lothar Stramma; Peter Cornillon; Robert A. Weller; James F. Price; Melbourne G. Briscoe
Synergistic Effect of coal blends on thermoplasticity evaluated using a temperature-variable dynamic viscoelastic measurement
To maximize the conversion of low-quality coal into good coke, we investigated the thermoplasticity of various binary blends of caking coals with slightly or noncaking coals using a dynamic viscoelastic technique with a temperature-variable rheometer. Coal blend samples were prepared by mixing two coals (1:1 by weight), which were heated from room temperature to 600 C at a rate of 3-80{sup o}C/min. At the slow rate of 3{sup o}C/min, the blends had a tan {delta} that was generally lower than the calculated value, showing that a negative interaction caused a loss of thermoplasticity. In contrast, at the rapid heating rate of 80{sup o}C/min, the tan {delta} of some blends was higher than the calculated value, indicating a positive interaction that enhanced the thermoplasticity. With rapid heating, the thermoplasticity of each coal itself increased, and their thermoplastic temperature ranges widened with rapid heating. Therefore, rapid heating was effective at converting these coal blends into good cokes. Moreover, even with slow heating, when a combination of coals (Gregory:Enshu, 1:1) showing some thermoplasticity in nearly the same temperature range was blended, a desirable synergistic effect of the blend was obtained. This suggests that blending coal with an overlapping thermoplastic temperature range is important for the synergistic effect, regardless of the heating rate. 15 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.
Toshimasa Takanohashi; Takahiro Shishido; Ikuo Saito; Kensuke Masaki; Atsushi Dobashi; Kiyoshi Fukada [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba (Japan)
Analysis of Energy Efficiency Measures in Rehabilitation of Multifamily Housing Units
An apartment building in Austin, Texas, and one in Boston, Massachusetts, were analyzed to determine the cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency measures. To determine expected energy and cost savings resulting from a set of proposed retrofit measures, hour-by-hour simulations were conducted using the DOE-2.1C building energy analysis computer program. Based on detailed audit data, supplemented by field-measurements in the case of the Austin apartment building, the simulations were run for base case (preretrofit) conditions for each building. Metered electricity and gas consumption was used to calibrate the input data. A series of proposed retrofit measures was run for each building using the calibrated preretrofit model as the reference. Annual energy and cost savings were calculated separately for each measure and for the combined set of measures. For the Austin building the combined set of 11 measures yielded expected savings of $3,710/year, a 42% savings in site energy. The combination of the 7 measures considered for the Boston building yielded expected savings of $1.292/year, and annual energy savings of nearly 75%. Measured in situ air conditioner performance for two of the Austin apartments showed EERs of 5.70 and 5.55, indicating an efficiency degradation of 22% and 24%, respectively, after 16 years of operation.
Hunn, B. D.; Silver, S. C.
Algorithm for Screening Phasor Measurement Unit Data for Power System Events and Categories and Common Characteristics for Events Seen in Phasor Measurement Unit Relative Phase-Angle Differences and Frequency Signals
A network of multiple phasor measurement units (PMU) was created, set up, and maintained at the University of Texas at Austin to obtain actual power system measurements for power system analysis. Power system analysis in this report covers a variety of time ranges, such as short- term analysis for power system disturbances and their effects on power system behavior and long- term power system behavior using modal analysis. The first objective of this report is to screen the PMU data for events. The second objective of the report is to identify and describe common characteristics extracted from power system events as measured by PMUs. The numerical characteristics for each category and how these characteristics are used to create selection rules for the algorithm are also described. Trends in PMU data related to different levels and fluctuations in wind power output are also examined.
Allen, A.; Santoso, S.; Muljadi, E.
Towards a precision measurement of theta13 with reactor neutrinos: Initiatives in the United States
in the core of a nuclear reactor. Reactor ? e are usuallybetween 0.1-3 km from a nuclear reactor to measure the rate? detectors ~1 km nuclear reactor Figure 2. Concept of a 2-
Heeger, Karsten M.
This is the final report on the INSP project entitled, ``Kola Confinement Leaktightness'' conducted by BNL under the authorization of Project Work Plan WBS 184.108.40.206. This project was initiated in February 1993 to assist the Russians to reduce risks associated with the continued operation of older Soviet-designed nuclear power plants, specifically the Kola VVER-440/230 Units 1 and 2, through upgrades in the confinement performance to reduce the uncontrolled leakage rate. The major technical objective of this-project was to improve the leaktightness of the Kola NPP VVER confinement boundaries, through the application of a variety of sealants to penetrations, doors and hatches, seams and surfaces, to the extent that current technology permitted. A related objective was the transfer, through training of Russian staff, of the materials application procedures to the staff of the Kola NPP. This project was part of an overall approach to minimizing uncontrolled releases from the Kola NPP VVER440/230s in the event of a serious accident, and to thereby significantly mitigate the consequences of such an accident. The US provided materials, application technology, and applications equipment for application of sealant materials, surface coatings, potting materials and gaskets, to improve the confinement leaktightness of the Kola VVER-440/23Os. The US provided for training of Russian personnel in the applications technology.
Anthropogenic emissions of nonmethane hydrocarbons in the northeastern United States: Measured seasonal variations from
in relative emissions for this series of trace gases. Seasonal changes in n-butane and i-butane emissions may [Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998]. [3] In this study, we present the seasonality of C2-C6 (ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane and n-hexane) hydrocarbons, NOy and CO as measured at Harvard Forest
Goldstein, Allen
First measurement of the small-scale spatial variability of the rain drop size distribution: Results from a crucial experiment and maximum entropy modeling
The main challenges of measuring precipitation are related to the spatio-temporal variability of the drop-size distribution, to the uncertainties that condition the modeling of that distribution, and to the instrumental errors present in the in situ estimations. This PhD dissertation proposes advances in all these questions. The relevance of the spatial variability of the drop-size distribution for remote sensing measurements and hydro-meteorology field studies is asserted by analyzing the measurement of a set of disdrometers deployed on a network of 5 squared kilometers. This study comprises the spatial variability of integral rainfall parameters, the ZR relationships, and the variations within the one moment scaling method. The modeling of the drop-size distribution is analyzed by applying the MaxEnt method and comparing it with the methods of moments and the maximum likelihood. The instrumental errors are analyzed with a compressive comparison of sampling and binning uncertainties that affect actual device...
Checa-Garcia, Ramiro
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act corrective measures study: Area 6 decontamination pond facility, corrective action unit no. 92
Corrective Action Unit (CAU) No. 92, the Area 6 Decontamination Pond Facility (DPF), is an historic disposal unit located at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in Nye County, Nevada (Figures 1 - 1, 1-2, and 1-3). The NTS is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office (DOE/NV), which has been required by the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) to characterize the DPF under the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Part A Permit (NDEP, 1995) for the NTS and Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 265 (1996c). The DPF is prioritized in the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFACO, 1996) but is governed by the permit. The DPF was characterized through sampling events in 1994, 1996, and 1997. The results of these sampling events are contained in the Final Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Industrial Site Environmental Restoration Site Characterization Report, Area 6 Decontamination Pond Facility, Revision I (DOE/NV, 1997). This Corrective Measures Study (CMS) for the Area 6 DPF has been prepared for the DOE/NV`s Environmental Restoration Project. The CMS has been developed to support the preparation of a Closure Plan for the DPF. Because of the complexities of the contamination and regulatory issues associated with the DPF, DOE/NV determined a CMS would be beneficial to the evaluation and selection of a closure alternative.
Characteristics of Snowfall over the Eastern Half of the United States and Relationships with Principal Modes of Low-Frequency Atmospheric Variability
Monthly data from 206 stations for the period 1947�93 are used to examine characteristics of snowfall over the eastern half of the United States and relationships with precipitation and the maximum temperature on precipitation days. Linkages ...
Mark C. Serreze; Martyn P. Clark; David L. McGinnis; David A. Robinson
Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometer to Measure the Absolute Outdoor Longwave Irradiance with Traceability to International System of Units, SI
This article describes a method of measuring the absolute outdoor longwave irradiance using an absolute cavity pyrgeometer (ACP), U.S. Patent application no. 13/049, 275. The ACP consists of domeless thermopile pyrgeometer, gold-plated concentrator, temperature controller, and data acquisition. The dome was removed from the pyrgeometer to remove errors associated with dome transmittance and the dome correction factor. To avoid thermal convection and wind effect errors resulting from using a domeless thermopile, the gold-plated concentrator was placed above the thermopile. The concentrator is a dual compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) with 180{sup o} view angle to measure the outdoor incoming longwave irradiance from the atmosphere. The incoming irradiance is reflected from the specular gold surface of the CPC and concentrated on the 11 mm diameter of the pyrgeometer's blackened thermopile. The CPC's interior surface design and the resulting cavitation result in a throughput value that was characterized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The ACP was installed horizontally outdoor on an aluminum plate connected to the temperature controller to control the pyrgeometer's case temperature. The responsivity of the pyrgeometer's thermopile detector was determined by lowering the case temperature and calculating the rate of change of the thermopile output voltage versus the changing net irradiance. The responsivity is then used to calculate the absolute atmospheric longwave irradiance with an uncertainty estimate (U{sub 95}) of {+-}3.96 W m{sup 02} with traceability to the International System of Units, SI. The measured irradiance was compared with the irradiance measured by two pyrgeometers calibrated by the World Radiation Center with traceability to the Interim World Infrared Standard Group, WISG. A total of 408 readings were collected over three different nights. The calculated irradiance measured by the ACP was 1.5 W/m{sup 2} lower than that measured by the two pyrgeometers that are traceable to WISG, with a standard deviation of {+-}0.7 W m{sup -2}. These results suggest that the ACP design might be used for addressing the need to improve the international reference for broadband outdoor longwave irradiance measurements.
Reda, I.; Zeng, J.; Scheuch, J.; Hanssen, L.; Wilthan, B.; Myers, D.; Stoffel, T.
The Effect of Intraseasonal Circulation Variability on Winter Temperature Forecast Skill
The prediction of winter in the United States from Pacific sea surface temperatures was examined using a jackknifed regression scheme and a measure of intraseasonal atmospheric circulation variability. Employing a jackknifed regression ...
Keith W. Dixon; Robert P. Harnack
Rainfall Estimation from Polarimetric Radar Measurements: Composite Algorithms Immune to Variability in Raindrop Shape�Size Relation
Polarization diversity radar measurements such as reflectivity factor, differential reflectivity, and differential propagation phase are extensively used in rainfall estimation. Algorithms to estimate rainfall from polarimetric radar measurements ...
Eugenio Gorgucci; Gianfranco Scarchilli; V. Chandrasekar; V. N. Bringi
This study aims to quantify the effects of topographic vari-ability (measured by coefficient variation of elevation, CV) and
, and topographic variability. Introduction As defined by the U.S. Geological Survey, a grid Digital Elevation Model transmission of a laser PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING June 2010 1 Sierra Nevada Research). The use of airborne lidar sensors for topographic mapping is rapidly becoming a standard practice
Guo, Qinghua
Sequence of surface meteorological variables with the passage of winter cold fronts in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains
According to the 80-year-old Norwegian cyclone model, fronts are pressure troughs, extensions of a mid-latitude cyclone. Thus, a cold frontal passage is evidenced at the surface by a minimum in air pressure and a corresponding wind shift. In addition, decreases in both temperature and humidity also occur. This conceptual model assumes that these changes are nearly coincident in time; however, this is usually not the case. Strict adherence to the model is the basis for the highly subjective single line drawn on a synoptic chart to indicate a front. To evaluate the behavior of meteorological variables with cold frontal passage, data was collected for seven American cities east of the Rocky Mountains, including NMC/NCEP 3-hourly surface analyses and NCDC archived hourly surface observations during three consecutive winters (October 1-March 31). Surface analyses were used to estimate the time of frontal passage. Using these estimates as a guide, the hourly observations were employed to determine the specific hours at which each meteorological variable demonstrated a change that could be conclusively attributed to the frontal passage. The four meteorological variables scrutinized include temperature, moisture (dew point), wind (direction), and pressure. Significance of means tests were applied to assess the statistical significance of the differences between the timing of each pair of variables (temperature vs. wind, dew point vs. pressure, etc.). Statistically significant differences mathematically validate the sequence of the means and suggest the likely repeatability of the sequence. At all locations and for all subsets of fronts, the pressure rise and the wind shift consistently precede the decreases in temperature and dew point. The timing of the pressure rise, however, is nearly indistinguishable from the wind shift, and likewise, there is rarely any significant difference between the decrease in temperature and the decrease in dew point. While all the variables are essentially coincident in time for some fronts, there is a frequent disparity between the pressure rise/wind shift and the temperature/dew point decrease. The data thus suggest a double-boundary frontal zone, a surface pressure trough/wind shift line followed by a temperature/moisture boundary.
Huckaby, Daniel Dale
High-Resolution Atmospheric Sensing of Multiple Atmospheric Variables Using the DataHawk Small Airborne Measurement System
The DataHawk small airborne measurement system provides in situ atmospheric measurement capabilities for documenting scales as small as 1 m and can access reasonably large volumes in and above the atmospheric boundary layer at low cost. The design ...
Dale A. Lawrence; Ben B. Balsley
RCRA facility investigation/corrective measures study work plan for the 200-UP-2 Operable Unit, Hanford Site, Richland, Washington
The 200-UP-2 Operable Unit is one of two source operable units at the U Plant Aggregate Area at the Hanford Site. Source operable units include waste management units and unplanned release sites that are potential sources of radioactive and/or hazardous substance contamination. This work plan, while maintaining the title RFI/CMS, presents the background and direction for conducting a limited field investigation in the 200-UP-2 Operable Unit, which is the first part of the process leading to final remedy selection. This report discusses the background, prior recommendations, goals, organization, and quality assurance for the 200-UP-2 Operable Unit Work Plan. The discussion begins with a summary of the regulatory framework and the role of the work plan. The specific recommendations leading into the work plan are then addressed. Next, the goals and organization of the report are discussed. Finally, the quality assurance and supporting documentation are presented.
Not Available
Performance Variability
Variability Variability of Highly Parallel Architectures William T.C. Kramer 1 and Clint Ryan 2 1 Department of Computing Sciences, University of California at Berkeley and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2 Department of Computing Sciences, University of California at Berkeley Abstract. The design and evaluation of high performance computers has concentrated on increasing computational speed for applications. This performance is often measured on a well configured dedicated sys- tem to show the best case. In the real environment, resources are not always dedicated to a single task, and systems run tasks that may influ- ence each other, so run times vary, sometimes to an unreasonably large extent. This paper explores the amount of variation seen across four large distributed memory systems in a systematic manner. It then
The DataHawk small airborne measurement system provides in-situ atmospheric measurement capabilities for documenting scales as small as 1 m and can access reasonably large volumes in and above the atmospheric boundary layer at low cost. The design ...
Reco level Smin and subsystem Smin: improved global inclusive variables for measuring the new physics mass scale in MET events at hadron colliders
The variable {radical}s{sub min} was originally proposed in [1] as a model-independent, global and fully inclusive measure of the new physics mass scale in missing energy events at hadron colliders. In the original incarnation of {radical}s{sub min}, however, the connection to the new physics mass scale was blurred by the effects of the underlying event, most notably initial state radiation and multiple parton interactions. In this paper we advertize two improved variants of the {radical}s{sub min} variable, which overcome this problem. First we show that by evaluating the {radical}s{sub min} variable at the RECO level, in terms of the reconstructed objects in the event, the effects from the underlying event are significantly diminished and the nice correlation between the peak in the {radical}s{sub min}{sup (reco)} distribution and the new physics mass scale is restored. Secondly, the underlying event problem can be avoided altogether when the {radical}s{sub min} concept is applied to a subsystem of the event which does not involve any QCD jets. We supply an analytic formula for the resulting subsystem {radical}s{sub min}{sup (sub)} variable and show that its peak exhibits the usual correlation with the mass scale of the particles produced in the subsystem. Finally, we contrast {radical}s{sub min} to other popular inclusive variables such as H{sub T}, M{sub Tgen} and M{sub TTgen}. We illustrate our discussion with several examples from supersymmetry, and with dilepton events from top quark pair production.
Konar, Partha; /Florida U.; Kong, Kyoungchul; /SLAC; Matchev, Konstantin T.; Park, Myeonghun; /Florida U.
Healthy transportation - healthy communities: developing objective measures of built-environment using GIS and testing significance of pedestrian variables on walking to transit
Walking to transit stations is proposed as one of the strategies to increase the use of transit. Urban planners, transportation planners, environmentalists, and health professionals encourage and support environmental interventions that can reduce the use of cars for all kinds of trips and use alternative modes of travel such as walking, biking, and mass-transit. This study investigates the influence of the built-environment on walking to transit stations. Transit-oriented communities at quarter and half-mile distances from the Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) station in Dallas, Texas, were analyzed to identify the relation of various constructs of built-environment on walking to the DART stations. Twenty-one pedestrian indices were reviewed to develop a comprehensive list of 73 built-environment variables used to measure the suitability to walk. This study aims to objectively measure built-environment using spatial data. Based on this criterion the total number of variables was narrowed to 32. Walking to transit, calculated as a percentage of transit users who walk to the DART LRT stations, was used as the dependent variable. The number of stations in operation and used for analysis in this study is 20(n). Therefore, bootstrapping was used to perform the statistical analysis for this study. The final pattern of variable grouping for the quarter-mile and the half-mile analysis revealed four principal components: Vehicle-Oriented Design, Density, Diversity, and Walking-Oriented Design. Bootstrap regression revealed that density ( = -0.767) was the only principal component that significantly (p<0.05) explained walking to transit station at quarter-mile distance from the station. At half-mile distance built-environment variables did not report any significant relation to walking to transit. The present study revealed that mere increase of density should not be taken as a proxy of increase in walking. Environmental interventions that can promote walking should be identified even at locations with high density. Further studies should use advanced statistical techniques such as Hierarchical Linear Modeling or Structural Equation Modeling to test the relationship of both the principal components and the individual variables that define the principal component to clearly understand the relationship of built-environment with walking to transit station.
Maghelal, Praveen Kumar
Variability of PV on Distribution Systems
In 2010, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) along with several utilities began collecting high-resolution monitoring data on distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems throughout the United States. Included in these monitoring data are single-module PV systems distributed along selected feeders as well as several larger PV systems (up to 1.4 MW). Utilizing data from these sites, this report focuses specifically on examining the measured variability of solar PV distributed throughout a ...
Unit Conversion
Unit Conversion. ... Unit Conversion Example. "If you have an amount of unit of A, how much is that in unit B?"; Dimensional Analysis; ...
Bias Adjustment of Satellite Precipitation Estimation Using Ground-Based Measurement: A Case Study Evaluation over the Southwestern United States
Reliable precipitation measurement is a crucial component in hydrologic studies. Although satellite-based observation is able to provide spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, the measurements tend to show systematic bias. This paper ...
Farid Ishak Boushaki; Kuo-Lin Hsu; Soroosh Sorooshian; Gi-Hyeon Park; Shayesteh Mahani; Wei Shi
united stadium. united station.
??DC United is one of Major League Soccer�s most decorated franchises, yet it still plays its home games within the crumbling confines of RFK Stadium.� (more)
Groff, David R.
Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)-based elongation measurements in Advanced Test Reactor high temperature irradiation testing
New materials are being considered for fuel, cladding, and structures in next generation and existing nuclear reactors. These materials can undergo significant dimensional and physical changes during high temperature irradiations. Currently, such changes are determined by repeatedly irradiating a specimen for a specified period of time in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) and then removing it from the reactor for evaluation. The labor and time to remove, examine, and return irradiated samples for each measurement makes this approach very expensive. In addition, such techniques provide limited data and may disturb the phenomena of interest. To resolve these issues, an instrumented creep testing capability is being developed for specimens irradiated in pressurized water reactor (PWR) coolant conditions in the ATR at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). This paper reports the status of INL efforts to develop this testing capability. In addition to providing an overview of in-pile creep test capabilities available at other test reactors, this paper focuses on efforts to design and evaluate a prototype test rig in an autoclave at INL's High Temperature Test Laboratory (HTTL).
D. L. Knudson; J. L. Rempe
New materials are being considered for fuel, cladding and structures in next generation and existing nuclear reactors. These materials can undergo significant dimensional and physical changes during high temperature irradiations. Currently, such changes are determined by repeatedly irradiating a specimen for a specified period of time in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) and then removing it from the reactor for evaluation. The labor and time to remove, examine and return irradiated samples for each measurement make this approach very expensive. In addition, such techniques provide limited data and may disturb the phenomena of interest. To resolve these issues, an instrumented creep testing capability is being developed for specimens irradiated under pressurized water reactor coolant conditions in the ATR at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). This paper reports the status of INL efforts to develop this testing capability. In addition to providing an overview of in-pile creep test capabilities available at other test reactors, this paper focuses on efforts to design and evaluate a prototype test rig in an autoclave at INL�s High Temperature Test Laboratory.
Symbol Designation Unit Variables � Latin letters
A dynamic model for the simulation of a new single-effect water/lithium bromide absorption chiller is developed. The chiller is driven by two distinct heat sources, includes a custom integrated falling film evaporator-absorber, uses mixed recirculation and is exclusively cooled by the ambient air. Heat and mass transfer in the evaporator-absorber and in the desorber are described according to a physical model for vapour absorption based on Nusselt�s film theory. The other heat exchangers are handled using a simplified approach based on the NTUeffectiveness method. The model is then used to analyze the chiller response to a step drop of the heat recovery circuit flow rate, and to a sudden reduction of the cooling need in the conditioned space. In the latter case, a basic temperature regulation system is simulated. In both simulations, the performance of the chiller is well represented and consistent with expectations.
Matthieu Zinet; Romuald Rulliere
Statistical Analysis of Precipitation Chemistry Measurements over the Eastern United States. Part I: Seasonal and Regional Patterns and Correlations
This paper describes the behavior of the chemical constituents in precipitation, including their typical concentrations and ranges, regional patterns, and seasonal changes. Daily precipitation measurements for the period 1978 through 1983 over ...
R. M. Endlich; B. P. Eymon; R. J. Ferek; A. D. Valdes; C. Maxwell
Comparison between the measured and calculated reactivity in measuring the effectiveness of the emergency protection at the stage of physical start-up of unit no. 3 at the Kalinin nuclear power plant
This paper presents comparisons between the effectiveness of the emergency protection under both stationary and nonstationary formulations calculated with the use of the RADUGA-7.5 package and experimental data obtained in measuring the 'weight' of the emergency protection in the process of physical start-up of the VVER-1000 reactor of unit no. 3 of the Kalinin NPP. On the basis of the results obtained, recommendations are given on comparing the measured and calculated reactivity and parameters determined by using its value.
Kavun, O. Yu.; Popykin, A. I.; Shevchenko, R. A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Shevchenko, S. A. [Scientific and Engineering Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (Russian Federation)
Airborne and ground-based measurements of the trace gases and particles emitted from prescribed fires in the United States
We measured the emission factors for 19 trace gas species and particulate matter (PM2.5) from 14 prescribed fires in chaparral and oak savanna in the southwestern US, as well as pine forest understory in the southeastern US and Sierra Nevada mountains of California. These are likely the most extensive emission factor field measurements for temperate biomass burning to date and the only published emission factors for temperate oak savanna fuels. This study helps close the gap in emissions data available for temperate zone fires relative to tropical biomass burning. We present the first field measurements of the biomass burning emissions of glycolaldehyde, a possible precursor for aqueous phase secondary organic aerosol formation. We also measured the emissions of phenol, another aqueous phase secondary organic aerosol precursor. Our data confirm previous suggestions that urban deposition can impact the NOx emission factors and thus subsequent plume chemistry. For two fires, we measured the emissions in the convective smoke plume from our airborne platform at the same time the unlofted residual smoldering combustion emissions were measured with our ground-based platform after the flame front passed through. The smoke from residual smoldering combustion was characterized by emission factors for hydrocarbon and oxygenated organic species that were up to ten times higher than in the lofted plume, including significant 1,3-butadiene and isoprene concentrations which were not observed in the lofted plume. This should be considered in modeling the air quality impacts of smoke that disperses at ground level, and we show that the normally-ignored unlofted emissions can also significantly impact estimates of total emissions. Preliminary evidence of large emissions of monoterpenes was seen in the residual smoldering spectra, but we have not yet quantified these emissions. These data should lead to an improved capacity to model the impacts of biomass burning in similar ecosystems.
Burling, Ian; Yokelson, Robert J.; Akagi, Sheryl; Urbanski, Shawn; Wold, Cyle E.; Griffith, David WT; Johnson, Timothy J.; Reardon, James; Weise, David
Thermal performance measurements of sealed insulating glass units with low-E coatings using the MoWiTT (Mobile Window Thermal Test) field-test facility
Using data obtained in a mobile field-test facility, measured performance of clear and low-emissivity double-glazing units is presented for south-facing and north-facing orientations. The changes in U-value and shading coefficient resulting from addition of the low-E coating are found to agree with theoretical expectations for the cold spring test conditions. Accurate nighttime U-values were derived from the data and found to agree with calculations. Expected correlation between U-value and wind speed was not observed in the data; a plausible experimental reason for this is advanced.
Klems, J.; Keller, H.
Effects of Measurement Materials and Oxygen Partial Pressure on the Viscosity of synthetic Eastern and Western United States Coal Slags
The viscosity of the molten ash (slag) resulting from the mineral constituents in carbon feedstock used in slagging gasifiers is critical for controlling the gasification process. The viscosity of two synthetic slags with compositions resembling the mineral impurities in average eastern and western coal feedstock was examined at temperatures from 1300�1500 �C using a rotating bob viscometer. A few combinations of atmospheres and experimental materials were investigated with respect to one another to determine slag viscosity. A CO/CO{sub 2} atmosphere (CO/CO{sub 2} = 1.8, corresponding to a P{sub O{sub 2}} = 10�8 atm) is required to sustain ferrous ions in FeO-containing slags, an environment that is oxidizing to most metals. Iron oxide in the slag prevents usage of Fe parts. In unpurified Ar, the Fe metal surface oxidizes. Using purified argon prevents iron measurement components from oxidation; however, the metallic surfaces act as nucleation sites for the reduction of the Fe oxide in the slag into metallic Fe. Dissolution of ceramic materials into the slag, including Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and ZrO{sub 2}, occurs in both atmospheres. Therefore, evaluating slag properties in the laboratory is challenging. The measured viscosities of two synthetic slags in this study diverged depending upon material selection. This difference is likely attributable to container/spindle-slag interactions. Viscosity measurements of the eastern coal slag using all ceramic parts agreed best with FactSage prediction above 1350 �C, with an average activation energy of 271.2 kJ. For western coal slag, the dissolution of container/spindle materials was substantial during the measurement, with precipitation of crystalline phase noted. The experimental viscosity data of the western coal slag agreed best with Kalmanovitch prediction above 1350 �C. The activation energy changed dramatically for both data sets of western coal slag, likely indicating the Newtonian-to-non-Newtonian transition.
Zhu, Jingxi; Tetsuya, Kenneth; Mu, Haoyuan; Bennett, James P.; Sridhar, Seetharaman
Measuring Radiation
Measurement Activity SI Units and Prefixes Conversions Safety Around Radiation Sources Types of Radiation Exposure Managing Radiation Emergencies Procedure Demonstration...
Legend Units
... Syntax: LEGEND UNIT units> where is an integer number or parameter in the range 1 to 100 that specifies the legend identifier; and ...
Variable Screw Compressor, Variable Screw Compressor Suppliers ...
Variable Screw Compressor Suppliers & air compressor Manufacturers Directory. Source Top Quality Variable Screw Compressor Suppliers, air ...
Retrieval of Atmospheric Temperature Profiles from AMSU-A Measurement Using a Neural Network Approach
Backpropagation neural networks are applied to retrieve atmospheric temperature profiles and tropopause variables from the NOAA-15 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) measurement based on two different data sources. The first case uses ...
Lei Shi
Measurements of Sea Surface Height Variability in the Eastern South Atlantic from Pressure Sensor�Equipped Inverted Echo Sounders: Baroclinic and Barotropic Components
Variability in sea surface height (SSH) can be decomposed into two contributions: one from changes in mass in the water column (barotropic) and the other from purely steric changes (baroclinic). Both contributions can be determined from data ...
Sheekela Baker-Yeboah; D. Randolph Watts; Deirdre A. Byrne
English Units
English Units. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J. 1, Steam Point Calculator: English Units, ... 6, Height of steam point apparatus above ground (ft.), 0, ft. ...
Unit Conversions
... volume flow units, which contain "atm", assume that the gas is: ideal; at a pressure of 101325 Pa; at a temperature of 0 �C. Be aware that the unit "atm ...
Variable Definitions
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Data System CSV File Documentation Data System CSV File Documentation Energy Source Tables This document explains the contents of the comma-separated value (CSV) files by energy source located on the State Energy Data System (SEDS) web page at http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-fuel.cfm. There is a CSV file for the most recent year's data for each energy source as shown in the HTML and PDF data tables. In some cases there is one data file for two tables. The first record in each file contains the column headings. The first data field is the state code (2 characters), followed by the data identifier (5-character mnemonic code, or MSN), and then the estimates for the latest year. Detailed descriptions of the state codes, data identifiers, and units are listed in the latter part of this documentation.
Ten Years of Measurements of Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Water Vapor by MOZAIC. Part I: Climatology, Variability, Transport, and Relation to Deep Convection
Ten years (1994�2004) of measurements of tropical upper-tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) by the Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) are investigated over three regions�the tropical Atlantic, tropical Africa, ...
Zhengzhao Luo; Dieter Kley; Richard H. Johnson; Herman Smit
Sources of Errors in Rainfall Measurements by Polarimetric Radar: Variability of Drop Size Distributions, Observational Noise, and Variation of Relationships between R and Polarimetric Parameters
Using a set of long-term disdrometric data and of actual radar measurements from the McGill S-band operational polarimetric radar, several sources of errors in rain measurement with polarimetric radar are explored in order to investigate their ...
Gyu Won Lee
The Ability of the United States Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center to Collect and Disseminate Environmental Measurements during Radiological Emergencies
The Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC) is the United States� response organization for radiological emergencies. The FRMAC is structured as an operations center and employs the combined resources of several federal agencies to respond to any disaster resulting in the release of radioactivity. The mission of the FRMAC is to support state and local authorities in the gathering of environmental data using an array of survey equipment ranging from alpha probes, beta/gamma probes, and high-purity germanium (HPGe) spectroscopy to the gathering of physical samples. Once collected, the data are projected on maps to assist public officials make protective action decisions. In addition to the accumulation of data, it is the legal obligation of the FRMAC to keep archival records of all data points and their actions. During an event, it is conceivable that hundreds to thousands of sample points will be recorded over a relatively short time. It is in the interest of the federal government and public that the information collected be put to the best use as fast as possible. Toward this end, the Remote Sensing Laboratory, working under the direction of the United States Department of Energy�s National Nuclear Security Administration, is investigating the use of several technologies that will accelerate data flow from field teams to the FRMAC and, finally, distribution of data to decision makers and the public. Not only can finished data products be viewed through the internet, but the actual collection of data via �real-time� telemetry can be viewed using this same method. Data from the field will be transferred directly to the FRMAC using the MCPD (multi-path communication device). This base station receives the survey information from the field teams via Bluetooth and instantly investigates the best communication pathway to transfer data to the FRMAC. Possible paths include standalone radio, commercial cellular networks (GPRS and CDMA) and satellite. Once inside the FRMAC, this information is transferred to the pertinent divisions for review, data storage, and eventual display on map products. The internet is also a powerful communications tool being utilized by the FRMAC. Using a secure internet connection, field team location and data collection can be viewed live-time by any computer attached to the internet. Similarly, survey information from our fixed-wing aircraft can be viewed while the mission is being flown. All accumulated data and maps generated in the FRMAC are disseminated on a web page through the secure FRMAC web site. Several new data communication processes are being investigated to aid the FRMAC. Each of these provides an important tool to efficiently collect, record and disseminate environmental measurements to FRMAC scientists and decision makers. The ultimate goal of these processes is to improve the flow of protection decisions and information to the public.
Craig Marianno and James Essex
United States
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
- I - I United States Department of Energy D lSCk Al M E R "This book was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency
Metric Units
... A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J. 1, Steam Point Calculator: Metric Units, Elevation Converter, ... 6, Height of steam point apparatus above ground (m), 0, m, ...
Office of Research and EPA 600/R-941209 Environmental Protection Development January 1993 Agency Washington, DC 20460 Offsite Environmental 57,,7 Monitoring Report Radiation Monitoring Around United States Nuclear Test Areas, Calendar Year 1992 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS P.O. BOX 93478 LAS VEGAS. NEVADA 891 93-3478 702/798-2100 Dear Reader: Since 1954, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its predecessor the U.S, Public Health Service (PHs) has conducted radiological monitoring in the offsite areas around United States nuclear test areas. The primary objective of this monitoring has been the protection of the health and safety of
BP Energy Company BP Energy Company OE Docket No. EA- 3 14 Order Authorizing Electricity Exports to Mexico Order No. EA-3 14 February 22,2007 BP Energy Company Order No. EA-314 I. BACKGROUND Exports of electricity from the United States to a foreign country are regulated by the Department of Energy (DOE) pursuant to sections 301(b) and 402(Q of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7 15 l(b), 7172(f)) and require authorization under section 202(e) of the Federal Power Act (FPA) (16 U.S.C.S24a(e)) . On May 22,2006, BP Energy Company (BP Energy) applied to DOE for an authorization to transmit electric energy from the United States to Mexico as a power marketer. BP Energy proposes to purchase surplus electric energy from electric utilities and other suppliers within the United States and to export that energy to ~Mexico. The cnergy
Field Measurement of Am241 and Total Uranium at a Mixed Oxide Fuel Facility with Variable Uranium Enrichments Ranging from 0.3% to 97% U235
The uranium and transuranic content of site soils and building rubble can be accurately measured using a NaI(Tl) well counter, without significant soil preparation. Accurate measurements of total uranium in uranium-transuranic mixtures can be made, despite a wide range (0.3% to 97%) of uranium enrichment, sample mass, and activity concentrations. The appropriate uranium scaling factors needed to include the undetected uranium isotopes, particularly U 234 can be readily determined on a sample by sample basis as a part of the field analysis, by comparing the relative response of the U 235 186 keV peak versus the K shell X rays of U 238 , U 235, and their immediate ingrowth daughters. The ratio of the two results is a sensitive and accurate predictor of the uranium enrichment and scaling factors. The case study will illustrate how NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometry was used to provide rapid turnaround uranium and transuranic activity levels for soil and building rubble with sample by sample determination of the appropriate scaling factor to include the U234 and Uranium238 content.
Conway, K. C.
Data Quality Evaluation of Hazardous Air Pollutants Measurements for the US Environmental Protection Agency's Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Information Collection Request
In December 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued an Information Collection Request (ICR) to owners of fossil fuel-fired, electric steam generating units. Part III of the ICR required that almost 500 selected power plant stacks be tested for emissions of four groups of substances classified as hazardous air pollutants under the Clean Air Act: acid gases and hydrogen cyanide; metals; volatile and semivolatile organics; and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlori...
WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JUNE 28, 1983 @nngmeional Ruord United States of America .__ -- . . ,- PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 9@ CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION United States Government Printing Office SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS Washmgton, D C 20402 OFFICIAL BUSINESS Penalty Ior pwate use. $xX Congresstonal Record (USPS 087-390) Postage and Fees Pad U S Government Prlnhng 0ffv.X 375 SECOND CLASS NEWSPAPER H.4578 ' C.QNGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 28, 1983 H.J. Res. 273: Mr. BOUND. Mr. W~.XMAN. Mr. OBERSTAR, Mr. BEDELL. Mr. BONER of Tennessee, Mr. OWENS. Mr. DAUB, Mr. CONTE. Mr. RAHALL; Mr. GRAY, Mr. VANDER JACT. Mr. TRAKLER, and Mr. Vxrrro. H. Con. Res. 107: Mr. KASICH. Mr. AUCOIN. Mr. CARPER, and Mr. SIZHFIJER. H. Con. Res. 118: Mr. FISH. Mr. LANTOS.
ongrees;ional Record ongrees;ional Record United States of America __._ -.. I. :- PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 9tth CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION United States Government Printing Office SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS Washmcqton. Cl C 20402 OFFICIAL BUSINESS Penalty Ior pwate use. $300 Congressmal Record (USPS 087-390) Postage and Fees Pad U S Governme3n:jPnntmg OfIce SECOND CLASS NEWSPAPER H.4578 ' June 28, 1983 -: I H.J. Res. 273: Mr. BOLAND, Mr. WA-. Mr. OBERSTAFC, M' r. BEDELL, Mr. BONER of Tennessee, Mr. OWENS. Mr. DAUB. Mr. CONTE. Mr. RAHALL,. Mr. GRAY, Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. TRAKLER. and Mr. VENTO. H. Con. Res. iO7: Mr. KASICH. Mr. ALCOIN. Mr. CARPER. and Mr. SCHEUER. H. Con. Res. 118: Mr. FISH, Mr. LANTOS. Mr. KILDEE. Mr. SOLARZ Mr. Bmrr, Mr. BELWLL, Mr. RANG~L, Mr. DYMALLY. Mr.
E-T Global Energy, LLC E-T Global Energy, LLC OE Docket No. EA-381 Order Authorizing Electricity Exports to Mexico Order No. EA-381 June 10, 2011 I. BACKGROUND E-T Global Energy, LLC Order No. EA-381 Exports of electricity from the United States to a foreign country are regulated by the Department of Energy (DOE) pursuant to sections 301(b) and 402(f) of the Department ofEnergy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7151(b), 7172(f)) and require authorization under section 202(e) ofthe Federal Power Act (FPA) (16 U.S.C.824a(e)) 1 * On May 10,2011, DOE received an application from E-T Global Energy, LLC (E-T Global) for authority to transmit electric energy from the United States to Mexico for five years as a power marketer using existing international transmission facilities. E-
The United States' Next Generation of Atmospheric Composition and Coastal Ecosystem Measurements: NASA's Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Mission
The Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission was recommended by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Earth Science Decadal Survey to measure tropospheric trace gases and aerosols and coastal ocean phytoplankton, water quality, ...
J. Fishman; L. T. Iraci; J. Al-Saadi; K. Chance; F. Chavez; M. Chin; P. Coble; C. Davis; P. M. DiGiacomo; D. Edwards; A. Eldering; J. Goes; J. Herman; C. Hu; D. J. Jacob; C. Jordan; S. R. Kawa; R. Key; X. Liu; S. Lohrenz; A. Mannino; V. Natraj; D. Neil; J. Neu; M. Newchurch; K. Pickering; J. Salisbury; H. Sosik; A. Subramaniam; M. Tzortziou; J. Wang; M. Wang
Potential Reductions in Variability with Alternative Approaches to Balancing Area Cooperation with High Penetrations of Variable Generation
The work described in this report was performed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and funded by the Office of the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy (EERE DOE). This project is a joint project with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This report evaluates the physical characteristics that improve the ability of the power system to absorb variable generation. It then uses evidence from electricity markets in the Eastern Interconnection of the United States to show how large, fast energy markets can help with integration. The concept of Virtual Balancing Area is introduced, a concept that covers a broad range of cooperative measures that can be undertaken by balancing areas to help manage variability.
Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.; Beuning, S.
Snowpack spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing
Snowpack spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing measurements spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing mea- surements and snow slope large errors in these basin estimates. Remote sensing measurements offer a promising alternative, due
Marshall, Hans-Peter
5 5 United States Department of Energy Southeastern Power Administration Wholesale Power Rate Schedule CC-1-I Availability: This rate schedule shall be available to public bodies and cooperatives served through the facilities of Carolina Power & Light Company, Western Division (hereinafter called the Customers). Applicability: This rate schedule shall be applicable to electric capacity and energy available from the Dale Hollow, Center Hill, Wolf Creek, Cheatham, Old Hickory, Barkley, J. Percy Priest, and Cordell Hull Projects (all of such projects being hereinafter called collectively the "Cumberland Projects") and sold in wholesale quantities. Character of Service: The electric capacity and energy supplied hereunder will be three-phase alternating
TexMex Energy, LLC TexMex Energy, LLC OE Docket No. EA-294-A Order Authorizing Electricity Exports to Mexico Order No. EA-294-A February 22, 2007 TexMex Energy, LLC Order No. EA-294-A I. BACKGROUND Exports of electricity from the United States to a foreign count~y are regulated by the Department of Energy (DOE) pursuant to sections 301(b) and 402(f) of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7 15 1 (b), 71 72(f)) and require authorization under section 202(e) of the Federal Power Act (FPA) (16 U.S.C.824a(e)) . On August 25,2004, DOE issued Order No. EA-294 authorizing TexMex Energy LLC (TexMex) to transmit electric energy fiom the United States to Mexico as a power marketer. That authority expired on August 25, 2006. On September 8, 2006, TexMex applied to renew the electricity export authority
United States United States Coal ................................................ 4,367 4,077 4,747 4,181 4,473 4,125 4,983 4,330 4,414 4,003 4,796 4,178 4,344 4,479 4,348 Natural Gas .................................... 2,802 2,843 3,694 2,863 2,713 2,880 3,636 2,707 2,792 2,972 3,815 2,849 3,052 2,986 3,109 Petroleum (a) .................................. 74 73 81 67 73 70 75 66 75 70 76 66 74 71 71 Other Gases ................................... 32 33 36 32 32 34 37 33 33 35 39 34 33 34 35 Nuclear ........................................... 2,176 2,044 2,257 2,170 2,106 2,037 2,167 2,010 2,144 2,074 2,206 2,055 2,162 2,080 2,120 Renewable Energy Sources: Conventional Hydropower ........... 736 886 716 633 765 887 708 646 767 919 729 659 742 751 768 Wind ............................................ 491 520 353 449 477 521 379 475
Tenaslta Power Services Co. Tenaslta Power Services Co. OE Docket No. EA-243-A Order Authorizing Electricity Exports to Canada Order No. EA-243-A March 1,2007 Tenaska Power Services Co. Order No. EA-243-A I. BACKGROUND Exports of elcctricity from the United States to a foreign country are regulated by the Department of Energy (DOE) pursuant to sections 30 I(b) and 402(f) of the Departrncnt of' Energy Organizatio~l Act (42 U, S.C. 7 15 1 (b), 7 1 72Cf)) and rcquirc authorization under section 202(e) of the Federal Power Act (FPA) ( Z 6 U. s.c.824a(e)j1. On August 16,2001, DOE issued Order No. EA-243 authorizing Tenaska Power Scrvices Co. (Tenaska) to transmit electric cncrgy from the United States to Canada as a power marketer. That authority expired on August 16,2003. On August 14,2006, Teilaska applied to renew the electricity export authority
RCS auditor trainee manual: renewable resource measures (revised). United States Department of Energy Technical Assistance Program for the Residential Conservation Service Program
This manual describes the use of renewable measures and the procedures used to audit for them. Included are active solar space and water heating systems, passive solar space and water heating systems, and wind energy systems. Sample audit forms are completed for a house in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. A summary of installation standards for active solar systems is included. (WHK)
Radiosonde measurements of turbulence
at Cranwell, Lincolnshire, W. H. Pick and G. A. Bull, 1926. 3 Talk structure * Geomagnetic sensors to measure orientation * Orientation variability as a turbulence measure *...
Compact range for variable-zone measurements
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A compact range for testing antennas or radar targets includes a source for directing energy along a feedline toward a parabolic reflector. The reflected wave is a spherical wave with a radius dependent on the distance of the source from the focal point of the reflector. 2 figs.
Burnside, W.D.; Rudduck, R.C.; Yu, J.S.
A compact range for testing antennas or radar targets includes a source for directing energy along a feedline toward a parabolic reflector. The reflected wave is a spherical wave with a radius dependent on the distance of the source from the focal point of the reflector.
Burnside, Walter D. (Columbus, OH); Rudduck, Roger C. (Columbus, OH); Yu, Jiunn S. (Albuquerque, NM)
Dimensional Measurement Services
... Figure 1. Measurement of API Rotary Master Gauge on CMM. � Robert Rathe. Lead Organizational Unit: pml. Customers/Contributors/Collaborators ...
Response of the SPND measurement system to temperature during the Three Mile Island Unit 2 accident. [Self-Powered Neutron Detector
The Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) Measuring System is evaluated to determine its ability to indicate temperatures of the fuel rods in the TMI-2 reactor core during the accident. It is concluded for the following reasons that the SPND Measuring System did not provide fuel rod temperatures during the accident: the heat transfer characteristics vary over a range of five octaves; within the range of 1200 to 1800/sup 0/F, the SPND responds to temperature from convection radiation from the fuel rods and self-heating from the gamma flux; within the range of 1200 to 1800/sup 0/F, the signal cable introduces masking signals that are a function of gamma heating, integrated temperature over the cable, and core water level velocity; the data system's worst-case signal-to-noise ratio from aliasing is 0dB; and the recorder system's worst-case signal-to-noise ratio from aliasing is -24dB.
Wilde, N.; Morrison, J.L. Jr.
7 7 United States Department of Energy Southeastern Power Administration Wholesale Power Rate Schedule CTV-1-H Availability: This rate schedule shall be available to the Tennessee Valley Authority (hereinafter called TVA). Applicability: This rate schedule shall be applicable to electric capacity and energy generated at the Dale Hollow, Center Hill, Wolf Creek, Old Hickory, Cheatham, Barkley, J. Percy Priest, and Cordell Hull Projects (all of such projects being hereafter called collectively the "Cumberland Projects") and the Laurel Project sold under agreement between the Department of Energy and TVA. Character of Service: The electric capacity and energy supplied hereunder will be three-phase alternating current at a frequency of approximately 60 hertz at the outgoing terminals of the Cumberland
United States Department of Energy Southeastern Power Administration Wholesale Power Rate Schedule CTVI-1-A Availability: This rate schedule shall be available to customers (hereinafter called the Customer) who are or were formerly in the Tennessee Valley Authority (hereinafter called TVA) service area. Applicability: This rate schedule shall be applicable to electric capacity and energy generated at the Dale Hollow, Center Hill, Wolf Creek, Old Hickory, Cheatham, Barkley, J. Percy Priest, and Cordell Hull Projects (all of such projects being hereafter called collectively the "Cumberland Projects") and the Laurel Project sold under agreement between the Department of Energy and the Customer. Character of Service: The electric capacity and energy supplied hereunder will be three-phase alternating
Bangor Hydro-Electric Company Bangor Hydro-Electric Company OE Docket No. PP-89-1 Amendment to Presidential Permit Order No. PP-89-1 December 30,2005 PRESIDENTIAL PERMIT AMENDMENT Bangor Hydro-Electric Company Order No. PP-89-1 I. BACKGROUND The Department of Energy (DOE) has responsibility for implementing Executive Order (E.O.) 10485, as amended by E.O. 12038, which requires the issuance of a Presidential permit by DOE before electric trans~nission facilities may be constructed, operated, maintained, or connected at the borders of the United States. DOE may issue such a permit if it determines that the permit is in the public interest and after obtaining favorable recommendations from the U.S. Departments of State and Defense. On December 16, 1988, Bangor Hydro-Electric Company (BHE) applied to DOE
f).~<~~ \--\c :y-,ai F p"- KG f).~<~~ \--\c :y-,ai F p"- KG WASHINOTDN 28.0. C. ' -lr ' \ ' ' --- ".I ?--" ' z I. .~;-4.' J frr*o& 2 ii, - - -4 70-147 LRL:JCD JAN !! 8 1958 Oregon Metallurgical Corporation P. 0. Box 484 Albany, Oregon Attention: Mr. Stephen M. Shelton General Manager Gentlemen: Enclosed is Special Nuclear Material License No. SNM-144, as amended. Very 33uly yours, r:; I,;, ll)~gQ""d".- Lyall Johnson Chief, Licensing Branch Division of Licensing & Regulation Enclosure: SNM-144, as amended Distribution: bRO0 Attn: Dr. H.M.Roth DFMusser NMM MMMann INS JCRyan FIN (2) HSteele LRL SRGustavson LRL Document room Formal file Suppl. file Br & Div rf's ' .b liwwArry s/VW- ' q+ ' yj/ 2; 2-' , COP' 1 J JAM01958 -- UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
United States Department of Energy Southeastern Power Administration Wholesale Power Rate Schedule JW-2-F Availability: This rate schedule shall be available to the Florida Power Corporation (or Progress Energy Florida, hereinafter called the Company). Applicability: This rate schedule shall be applicable to electric energy generated at the Jim Woodruff Project (hereinafter called the Project) and sold to the Company in wholesale quantities. Points of Delivery: Power sold to the Company by the Government will be delivered at the connection of the Company's transmission system with the Project bus. Character of Service: Electric power delivered to the Company will be three-phase alternating current at a nominal frequency of 60 cycles per second.
The Accuracy of United States Precipitation Data
Precipitation measurements in the United States (as well as all other countries) are adversely affected by the gauge undercatch bias of point precipitation measurements. When these measurements are used to obtain areas averages, particularly in ...
Pavel Ya Groisman; David R. Legates
Laser system preset unit
An electronic circuit is provided which may be used to preset a digital display unit of a Zeeman-effect layer interferometer system which derives distance measurements by comparing a reference signal to a Doppler signal generated at the output of the interferometer laser head. The circuit presets dimensional offsets in the interferometer digital display by electronically inducing a variation in either the Doppler signal or the reference signal, depending upon the direction of the offset, to achieve the desired display preset.
Goodwin, William L. (Knoxville, TN)
Definition: British thermal unit | Open Energy Information
thermal unit thermal unit Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png British thermal unit The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit; often used as a unit of measure for the energy content of fuels.[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) is a traditional unit of energy equal to about 1055 joules. It is the amount of energy needed to cool or heat one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. In scientific contexts the BTU has largely been replaced by the SI unit of energy, the joule. The unit is most often used as a measure of power (as BTU/h) in the power, steam generation, heating, and air conditioning industries, and also as a measure of agricultural energy production (BTU/kg). It is still used
On The Panel Unit Root Tests Using Nonlinear Instrumental Variables
.067 0.090 0.086 0.157 N=15 IPS 0.067 0.115 0.064 0.541 0.067 0.895 NIV 0.041 0.041 0.058 0.152 0.074 0.419 N=25 IPS 0.071 0.173 0.071 0.526 0.074 0.999 NIV 0.043 0.043 0.060 0.141 0.082 0.889 N=50 IPS 0.077 0... : With an Intercept Only T=25 T=50 T=100 SIZE POWER SIZE POWER SIZE POWER N = 5 IPS 0.098 0.204 0.097 0.336 0.095 0.654 NIV 0.083 0.412 0.091 0.591 0.094 0.893 N =15 IPS 0.180 0.370 0.181 0.733 0.180 0.998 NIV 0.157 0.591 0...
Im, Kyung So; Pesaran, M Hashem
Primary Modes and Predictability of Year-to-Year Snowpack Variations in the Western United States from Teleconnections with Pacific Ocean Climate
Snowpack, as measured on 1 April, is the primary source of warm-season streamflow for most of the western United States and thus represents an important source of water supply. An understanding of climate factors that influence the variability of ...
Gregory J. McCabe; Michael D. Dettinger
Annotation-less Unit Type Inference for C
Types in programming languages are crucial for catching errors at compile-time. Similarly, in scientific applications, the units system forms a type discipline because a correct equation must necessarily include terms with units that are equivalent on both sides. Many scientific and numerically-oriented programs are written in C, but the language provides no support for attaching units to variables. Thus, programmers
Philip Guo; Stephen Mccamant
Market Design Simulations with Variable Energy Resources (VERs) (Presentation)
Presented at the FERC Technical Conference, 29 June 2011, Washington, D.C. This presentation describes NREL research regarding variable generation resources, operating reserves, unit commitment, economic dispatch, and introduces a new and novel modeling tool called 'FESTIV.'
Ela, E.
Tropical Convective Variability as 1/f Noise
Evidence is presented that the tropical convective variability behaves as 1/f noise for a 1�30-day period. This behavior is shown by analyzing the time series of convective available potential energy, which measures the degree of convective ...
Jun-Ichi Yano; Klaus Fraedrich; Richard Blender
Natural Gas Variability In California: Environmental Impacts And Device
Natural Gas Variability In California: Environmental Impacts And Device Natural Gas Variability In California: Environmental Impacts And Device Performance - Experimental Evaluation Of Installed Cooking Exhaust Fan Performance Title Natural Gas Variability In California: Environmental Impacts And Device Performance - Experimental Evaluation Of Installed Cooking Exhaust Fan Performance Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2011 Authors Singer, Brett C., William W. Delp, and Michael G. Apte Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley, CA Keywords energy analysis and environmental impacts department Abstract The installed performance of cooking exhaust fans was evaluated through residential field experiments conducted on a sample of 15 devices varying in design and other characteristics. The sample included two rear downdraft systems, two under-cabinet microwave over range units, three different installations of an under-cabinet model with grease screens across the bottom and no capture hood, two devices with grease screens covering the bottom of a large capture hood (one under-cabinet, one wall-mount chimney), four under-cabinet open hoods, and two open hoods with chimney mounts over islands. Performance assessment included measurement of airflow and sound levels across fan settings and experiments to quantify the contemporaneous capture efficiency for the exhaust generated by natural gas cooking burners. Capture efficiency is defined as the fraction of generated pollutants that are removed through the exhaust and thus not available for inhalation of household occupants. Capture efficiency was assessed for various configurations of burner use (e.g., single front, single back, combination of one front and one back, oven) and fan speed setting. Measured airflow rates were substantially lower than the levels noted in product literature for many of the units. This shortfall was observed for several units costing more than $1000. Capture efficiency varied widely (from < 5 percent to roughly 100 percent) across devices and across conditions for some devices. As expected, higher capture efficiencies were achieved with higher fan settings and the associated higher air flow rates. In most cases, capture efficiencies were substantially higher for rear burners than for front burners. The best and most consistent performance was observed for open hoods that covered all cooktop burners and operated at higher airflow rates. The lowest capture efficiencies were measured when a front burner was used with a rear backdraft system or with lowest fan setting for above-the-range systems that do not cover the front burners.
Session 3: Impact on U.S. Ancillary Services Markets from Variable Renewable Energy (Presentation)
The presentation provides an overview of how increasing penetrations of variable renewable energy on the electricity grid are impacting ancillary services markets in the United States.
Cochran, J.
An electrically variable time delay line is described which may be readily controlled simuitaneously with variable impedance matching means coupied thereto such that reflections are prevented. Broadly, the delay line includes a signal winding about a magnetic core whose permeability is electrically variable. Inasmuch as the inductance of the line varies directly with the permeability, the time delay and characteristic impedance of the line both vary as the square root of the permeability. Consequently, impedance matching means may be varied similariy and simultaneously w:th the electrically variable permeability to match the line impedance over the entire range of time delay whereby reflections are prevented.
Clemensen, R.E.
Nonferromagnetic linear variable differential transformer
A nonferromagnetic linear variable differential transformer for accurately measuring mechanical displacements in the presence of high magnetic fields is provided. The device utilizes a movable primary coil inside a fixed secondary coil that consists of two series-opposed windings. Operation is such that the secondary output voltage is maintained in phase (depending on polarity) with the primary voltage. The transducer is well-suited to long cable runs and is useful for measuring small displacements in the presence of high or alternating magnetic fields.
Ellis, James F. (Powell, TN); Walstrom, Peter L. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Development of Clemson variable-rate lateral irrigation system
Crops in the Southern United States are generally produced in fields which are known to have a high degree of variability in soil type, water holding capacity, infiltration rates, and other major factors which affect crop production. In these fields, ... Keywords: Instrumentation, Irrigation, Lateral-move, Precision agriculture, Variable-rate irrigation
Young J. Han; Ahmad Khalilian; Tom O. Owino; Hamid J. Farahani; Sam Moore
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT: CAMPUS ADDRESS: CLASSIFICATION / TITLE: DEPARTMENT EMAIL ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE: 2011 FRANKLIN STAFF SERVICE AWARDS START DATE IN DEPARTMENT / UNIT: ACTUAL NUMBER MEMBER DEADLINE: FRIDAY MARCH 4, 2011 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Signature of Head / Director of Nominee's Unit
Arnold, Jonathan
Unit Outline Training Guide
Unit Outline Builder Training Guide Document Status: Final Revision Number: 6.0 Revision Date: 14 Approved #12;Online Unit Outline Builder Training Guide Curtin University of Technology Page 2 TABLE................................................................................................................. 4 4. Log in and Select a Unit Outline
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT: CAMPUS ADDRESS: CLASSIFICATION / TITLE: DEPARTMENT EMAIL ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE: 2013 FRANKLIN STAFF SERVICE AWARDS START DATE IN DEPARTMENT / UNIT: ACTUAL NUMBER MEMBER DEADLINE: MARCH 5, 2013 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Signature of Head / Director of Nominee's Unit
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT: CAMPUS ADDRESS: CLASSIFICATION / TITLE: DEPARTMENT EMAIL ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE: 2012 FRANKLIN STAFF SERVICE AWARDS START DATE IN DEPARTMENT / UNIT: ACTUAL NUMBER MEMBER DEADLINE: FRIDAY MARCH 2, 2012 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Signature of Head / Director of Nominee's Unit
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT: CAMPUS ADDRESS: CLASSIFICATION / TITLE: DEPARTMENT EMAIL ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE: 2014 FRANKLIN STAFF SERVICE AWARDS START DATE IN DEPARTMENT / UNIT: ACTUAL NUMBER MEMBER DEADLINE: MARCH 7, 2014 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Signature of Head / Director of Nominee's Unit
Quantum Measurement Division Homepage
... Even the kilogram (the only base unit currently defined by an artifact) is the subject of QMD measurement research, part of a worldwide effort to ...
Understanding Biomass Feedstock Variability
If the singular goal of biomass logistics and the design of biomass feedstock supply systems is to reduce the per ton supply cost of biomass, these systems may very well develop with ultimate unintended consequences of highly variable and reduced quality biomass feedstocks. This paper demonstrates that due to inherent species variabilities, production conditions, and differing harvest, collection, and storage practices, this is a very real scenario that biomass producers and suppliers as well as conversion developers should be aware of. Biomass feedstock attributes of ash, carbohydrates, moisture, and particle morphology will be discussed. We will also discuss specifications for these attributes, inherent variability of these attributes in biomass feedstocks, and approaches and solutions for reducing variability for improving feedstock quality.
Kevin L. Kenney; William A. Smith; Garold L. Gresham; Tyler L. Westover
Estimated Global Hydrographic Variability
An estimate is made of the three-dimensional global oceanic temperature and salinity variability, omitting the seasonal cycle, both as a major descriptive element of the ocean circulation and for use in the error estimates of state estimation. ...
Ga�l Forget; Carl Wunsch
Bessel-Zernike Discrete Variable Representation Basis
The connection between the Bessel discrete variable basis expansion and a specific form of an orthogonal set of Jacobi polynomials is demonstrated. These so-called Zernike polynomials provide alternative series expansions of suitable functions over the unit interval. Expressing a Bessel function in a Zernike expansion provides a straightforward method of generating series identities. Furthermore, the Zernike polynomials may also be used to efficiently evaluate the Hankel transform for rapidly decaying functions or functions with finite support.
Cerjan, C J
Temperature Variability over Africa
The variation of near-surface air temperature anomalies in Africa between 1979 and 2010 is investigated primarily using Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) total lower-tropospheric temperature data from the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) and the ...
Jennifer M. Collins
Model-Based Drought Indices over the United States
Drought indices derived from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) and Noah models from 1950 to 2000 are intercompared and evaluated for their ability to classify drought across the United ...
Kingtse C. Mo
Spatial Distribution of Precipitation Seasonality in the United States
A detailed, long term portrait of the seasonality of precipitation over the United States is developed using a 90 year climate division record. Selected decadal maps of seasonality are also presented, and their variability over time considered. ...
Peter L. Finkelstein; Lawrence E. Truppi
ENSO Influences on Agriculture in the Southeastern United States
The influence of El Ni�o�Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on crop production in the southeastern United States was studied to identify crops that are vulnerable to ENSO-related weather variability and therefore likely to benefit from application of ...
James W. Hansen; Alan W. Hodges; James W. Jones
Ancillary Services in the United States: Independent System Operator (ISO) Perspective (Presentation)
Simulating Hydrological Drought Properties at Different Spatial Units in the United States Based on Wavelet�Bayesian Regression Approach
Because of their stochastic nature, droughts vary in space and time, and therefore quantifying droughts at different time units is important for water resources planning. The authors investigated the relationship between meteorological variables ...
Ashok K. Mishra; Vijay P. Singh
Georeactor Variability and Integrity
As a deep-Earth energy source, the planetocentric nuclear-fission georeactor concept is on a more secure scientific footing than the previous idea related to the assumed growth of the inner core. Unlike previously considered deep-Earth energy sources, which are essentially constant on a human time-scale, variability in nuclear fission reactors can arise from changes in composition and/or position of fuel, moderators, and neutron absorbers. Tantalizing circumstantial evidence invites inquiry into the possibility of short-term planetocentric nuclear fission reactor variability. This brief communication emphasizes the importance of scientific integrity and highlights the possibility of variable georeactor power output so that these might be borne in mind in future investigations, especially those related to the Earth's heat flux.
J. Marvin Herndon
Herndon, J M
Tests with a line-commutated converter as a variable inductive load on the Bonneville Power Administration transmission system
A twelve-pulse, line-commutated converter, with a steady-state rating of 2.5 kV and 5.5 kA, formerly used for charging and discharging a superconducting magnet, was reconfigured as a static reactive power load. Tests staged at the Tacoma, WA, substation of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) revealed that the converter could be used as a variable inductive load, provided a stable current controller was installed. The unit was modulated as a variable VAR load following a sinusoidal VAR demand signal with an amplitude up to 14.8 MVAR. The total losses at maximum VAR output were 370 kW. This paper explains the necessary modifications of the converter to operate as a variable reactive load. Measured current waveshapes are analyzed. The effects of such a load on the BPA transmission system are presented.
Boenig, H.J.; Hauer, J.F.; Nielsen, R.G.
2. Unit Operation Dynamic simulation Unit operation
flow heat exchanger . 2.3 Piping equipment Mixer, tee, pipe, gas pipe, valve, relief valve . 2 process compressor pump performance curve performance area, performance map . turbine driven compressor turbine performance curve motor driven variable motor turbine driven
Hong, Deog Ki
Impact of High Wind Power Penetration on Hydroelectric Unit Operations
The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS) investigated the operational impacts of very high levels of variable generation penetration rates (up to 35% by energy) in the western United States. This work examines the impact of this large amount of wind penetration on hydroelectric unit operations. Changes in hydroelectric unit operating unit patterns are examined for an aggregation of all hydro generators. The cost impacts of maintaining hydro unit flexibility are assessed and compared for a number of different modes of system operation.
Hodge, B. M.; Lew, D.; Milligan, M.
Modeling 18� Water Variability
Variability of 18� Water formation is investigated with an isopycnic-coordinate model of the North Atlantic. A 30-year spinup integration is used as a �control� experiment in which the upper water column in the Sargasso Sea is shown to be in ...
Robert Marsh; Adrian L. New
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT: CAMPUS ADDRESS: JOB TITLE: DEPARTMENT EMAIL ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE: 2014 FRANKLIN STAFF EXCELLENCE AWARDS START DATE IN DEPARTMENT / UNIT: Nominee Information NAME / RESEARCHPROFESSIONAL Signature of Head / Director of Nominee's Unit: NOMINATION PACKET DEADLINE: MARCH 7, 2014 PLEASE
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT: CAMPUS ADDRESS: JOB TITLE: DEPARTMENT EMAIL ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE: 2012 FRANKLIN STAFF EXCELLENCE AWARDS START DATE IN DEPARTMENT / UNIT: Nominee Information NAME / RESEARCHPROFESSIONAL Signature of Head / Director of Nominee's Unit: NOMINATION PACKET DEADLINE: FRIDAY MARCH 2, 2012
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT: CAMPUS ADDRESS: JOB TITLE: DEPARTMENT EMAIL ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE: 2011 FRANKLIN STAFF EXCELLENCE AWARDS START DATE IN DEPARTMENT / UNIT: Nominee Information NAME / RESEARCHPROFESSIONAL Signature of Head / Director of Nominee's Unit: NOMINATION PACKET DEADLINE: FRIDAY MARCH 4, 2011
Nomination Form DEPARTMENT / UNIT: CAMPUS ADDRESS: JOB TITLE: DEPARTMENT EMAIL ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE: 2013 FRANKLIN STAFF EXCELLENCE AWARDS START DATE IN DEPARTMENT / UNIT: Nominee Information NAME / RESEARCHPROFESSIONAL Signature of Head / Director of Nominee's Unit: NOMINATION PACKET DEADLINE: MARCH 5, 2013 PLEASE
Carderock 2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel | Open Energy
2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel 2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Carderock 2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Overseeing Organization United States Naval Surface Warfare Center Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Tunnel Beam(m) 0.6 Depth(m) 0.6 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) Contact POC Special Physical Features The 2-Foot Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel is a vertical plane, closed recirculating, variable-speed, variable-pressure, open jet test section, closed jet test section, and semi-rectangular test section. Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities None Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume Yes Velocity(m/s) 17 Recirculating Yes
Carderock 3-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel | Open Energy
Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Carderock 3-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Overseeing Organization United States Naval Surface Warfare Center Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Tunnel Beam(m) 0.7 Depth(m) 0.7 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) Contact POC Special Physical Features The 3-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel is a vertical plane, closed recirculating with resorber, variable-speed, variable-pressure, two interchangeable circular test sections. Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities None Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume Yes Velocity(m/s) 25.8 Recirculating Yes Wind Capabilities Wind Capabilities None
Dirac equation in terms of hydrodynamic variables
The distributed system $\\mathcal{S}_D$ described by the Dirac equation is investigated simply as a dynamic system, i.e. without usage of quantum principles. The Dirac equation is described in terms of hydrodynamic variables: 4-flux $j^{i}$, pseudo-vector of the spin $S^{i}$, an action $\\hbar \\phi $ and a pseudo-scalar $\\kappa $. In the quasi-uniform approximation, when all transversal derivatives (orthogonal to the flux vector $j^i$) are small, the system $\\mathcal{S}_D$ turns to a statistical ensemble of classical concentrated systems $\\mathcal{S}_{dc}$. Under some conditions the classical system $\\mathcal{S}_{dc}$ describes a classical pointlike particle moving in a given electromagnetic field. In general, the world line of the particle is a helix, even if the electromagnetic field is absent. Both dynamic systems $\\mathcal{S}_D$ and $\\mathcal{S}_{dc}$ appear to be non-relativistic in the sense that the dynamic equations written in terms of hydrodynamic variables are not relativistically covariant with respect to them, although all dynamic variables are tensors or pseudo-tensors. They becomes relativistically covariant only after addition of a constant unit timelike vector $f^{i}$ which should be considered as a dynamic variable describing a space-time property. This "constant" variable arises instead of $\\gamma $-matrices which are removed by means of zero divizors in the course of the transformation to hydrodynamic variables. It is possible to separate out dynamic variables $\\kappa $, $\\kappa ^i$ responsible for quantum effects. It means that, setting $\\kappa ,\\kappa ^i\\equiv 0$, the dynamic system $\\mathcal{S}_D$ described by the Dirac equation turns to a statistical ensemble $\\mathcal{E}_{Dqu}$ of classical dynamic systems $\\mathcal{S}_{dc}$.
Yuri A. Rylov
Variable laser attenuator
The disclosure relates to low loss, high power variable attenuators comprising one or more transmissive and/or reflective multilayer dielectric filters. The attenuator is particularly suitable to use with unpolarized lasers such as excimer lasers. Beam attenuation is a function of beam polarization and the angle of incidence between the beam and the filter and is controlled by adjusting the angle of incidence the beam makes to the filter or filters. Filters are selected in accordance with beam wavelength. 9 figs.
Foltyn, S.R.
Solar-type Variables
The rich acoustic oscillation spectrum in solar-type variables make these stars particularly interesting for studying fluid-dynamical aspects of the stellar interior. I present a summary of the properties of solar-like oscillations, how they are excited and damped and discuss some of the recent progress in using asteroseismic diagnostic techniques for analysing low-degree acoustic modes. Also the effects of stellar-cycle variations in low-mass main-sequence stars are addressed.
Houdek, Gunter
The disclosure relates to low loss, high power variable attenuators comprng one or more transmissive and/or reflective multilayer dielectric filters. The attenuator is particularly suitable to use with unpolarized lasers such as excimer lasers. Beam attenuation is a function of beam polarization and the angle of incidence between the beam and the filter and is controlled by adjusting the angle of incidence the beam makes to the filter or filters. Filters are selected in accordance with beam wavelength.
Foltyn, Stephen R. (Los Alamos, NM)
Errors in all variables
We present a thorough derivation of the posterior for the straight line fit employing the hyper-plane prior. For the example of the parabola we enlarge the scope to nonlinear problems, however simplify it to be solved resembling the straight line solution. Finally we come to the problem of determining the exponents of a scaling law, where in logarithmic form the scaling exponents are linear coefficients of logarithmic variables.
Preuss, R.; Dose, V. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, D-85748 Garching (Germany)
Variable percentage sampler
A remotely operable sampler is provided for obtaining variable percentage samples of nuclear fuel particles and the like for analyses. The sampler has a rotating cup for a sample collection chamber designed so that the effective size of the sample inlet opening to the cup varies with rotational speed. Samples of a desired size are withdrawn from a flowing stream of particles without a deterrent to the flow of remaining particles.
Miller, Jr., William H. (Knoxville, TN)
Variable frequency microwave furnace system
A variable frequency microwave furnace system designed to allow modulation of the frequency of the microwaves introduced into a furnace cavity for testing or other selected applications. The variable frequency microwave furnace system includes a microwave signal generator or microwave voltage-controlled oscillator for generating a low-power microwave signal for input to the microwave furnace. A first amplifier may be provided to amplify the magnitude of the signal output from the microwave signal generator or the microwave voltage-controlled oscillator. A second amplifier is provided for processing the signal output by the first amplifier. The second amplifier outputs the microwave signal input to the furnace cavity. In the preferred embodiment, the second amplifier is a traveling-wave tube (TWT). A power supply is provided for operation of the second amplifier. A directional coupler is provided for detecting the direction of a signal and further directing the signal depending on the detected direction. A first power meter is provided for measuring the power delivered to the microwave furnace. A second power meter detects the magnitude of reflected power. Reflected power is dissipated in the reflected power load. 5 figs.
Bible, D.W.; Lauf, R.J.
CO2 Emissions - United Korea
Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions Regional Centrally Planned Asia United Korea CO2 Emissions from United Korea Data graphic Data CO2 Emissions from United Korea...
Variables Affecting Economic Development of Wind Energy
Variables Affecting Economic Variables Affecting Economic Development of Wind Energy E. Lantz and S. Tegen National Renewable Energy Laboratory Presented at WINDPOWER 2008 Houston, Texas June 1-4, 2008 Conference Paper NREL/CP-500-43506 July 2008 NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
Review of Variable Generation Integration Charges
The growth of wind and solar generation in the United States, and the expectation of continued growth of these technologies, dictates that the future power system will be operated in a somewhat different manner because of increased variability and uncertainty. A small number of balancing authorities have attempted to determine an 'integration cost' to account for these changes to their current operating practices. Some balancing authorities directly charge wind and solar generators for integration charges, whereas others add integration charges to projected costs of wind and solar in integrated resource plans or in competitive solicitations for generation. This report reviews the balancing authorities that have calculated variable generation integration charges and broadly compares and contrasts the methodologies they used to determine their specific integration charges. The report also profiles each balancing authority and how they derived wind and solar integration charges.
Porter, K.; Fink, S.; Buckley, M.; Rogers, J.; Hodge, B. M.
BNL United Way Campaign
about Long Island issues and challenges. Because we care, we come together to raise money towards The United Way of Long Island, which provides "services to children and...
United States Government
to this report. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The European Laboratory for Particle Physics, CERN, in collaboration with the United States (U.S.) and other non-member states,...
Redefining the SI Units
... and accuracy, simplify and normalize the unit definitions, and liberate the system from dependence on the prototype kilogram, an artifact adopted in ...
Base unit definitions: Kilogram
... Unit of mass (kilogram), Abbreviations: CGPM, CIPM, BIPM. At the end of the 18th century, a kilogram was the mass of a cubic decimeter of water. ...
United States Patent
( 1 of 1 ) United States Patent 6,994,831 Gentile , et al. February 7, 2006 Oxidative tritium decontamination system Abstract The Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System, OTDS,...
" Million Housing Units, Final...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
0 Appliances in Homes in South Region, Divisions, and States, 2009" " Million Housing Units, Final" ,,"South Census Region" ,,,"South Atlantic Census Division",,,,,,"East South...
8 Home Appliances in Homes in Northeast Region, Divisions, and States, 2009" " Million Housing Units, Final" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,,,"New England Census Division",,,"Middle...
Rooftop Unit Campaign
919-943-7291 April 4, 2013 BTO Program Review 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov Purpose & Objectives - Problem Statement * Packaged rooftop units (RTUs)...
'OQOl - United States Government - Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration memorandum January 19, 201 1 DATE. REPLY TO ATTN OF: Y12-60:Gorman SUBJECT ANNUAL...
UNIT OVERVIEW A general overview of LHC physics, accelerator and detector design, and how data inform claims and reasoning begins with an exploration of the "Big Questions" that...
Jets with Variable R
We introduce a new class of jet algorithms designed to return conical jets with a variable Delta R radius. A specific example, in which Delta R scales as 1/pT, proves particularly useful in capturing the kinematic features of a wide variety of hard scattering processes. We implement this Delta R scaling in a sequential recombination algorithm and test it by reconstructing resonance masses and kinematic endpoints. These test cases show 10-20% improvements in signal efficiency compared to fixed Delta R algorithms. We also comment on cuts useful in reducing continuum jet backgrounds.
David Krohn; Jesse Thaler; Lian-Tao Wang
NREL GIS Data: Continental United States Photovoltaic Low Resolution...
the uncertainty of the modeled estimates increase with distance from reliable measurement sources and with the complexity of the terrain. Units are in kilowatt hours...
NREL GIS Data: Continental United States Photovoltaic Low Resolution
Solar Irradiance Variability
The Sun has long been considered a constant star, to the extent that its total irradiance was termed the solar constant. It required radiometers in space to detect the small variations in solar irradiance on timescales of the solar rotation and the solar cycle. A part of the difficulty is that there are no other constant natural daytime sources to which the Sun's brightness can be compared. The discovery of solar irradiance variability rekindled a long-running discussion on how strongly the Sun affects our climate. A non-negligible influence is suggested by correlation studies between solar variability and climate indicators. The mechanism for solar irradiance variations that fits the observations best is that magnetic features at the solar surface, i.e. sunspots, faculae and the magnetic network, are responsible for almost all variations (although on short timescales convection and p-mode oscillations also contribute). In spite of significant progress important questions are still open. Thus there is a debat...
Solanki, Sami K
Summary Max Total Units
Max Total Units Max Total Units *If All Splits, No Rack Units **If Only FW, AC Splits 1000 52 28 28 2000 87 59 35 3000 61 33 15 4000 61 33 15 Totals 261 153 93 ***Costs $1,957,500.00 $1,147,500.00 $697,500.00 Notes: added several refrigerants removed bins from analysis removed R-22 from list 1000lb, no Glycol, CO2 or ammonia Seawater R-404A only * includes seawater units ** no seawater units included *** Costs = (total units) X (estimate of $7500 per unit) 1000lb, air cooled split systems, fresh water Refrig Voltage Cond Unit IF-CU Combos 2 4 5 28 References Refrig Voltage C-U type Compressor HP R-404A 208/1/60 Hermetic SA 2.5 R-507 230/1/60 Hermetic MA 2.5 208/3/60 SemiHerm SA 1.5 230/3/60 SemiHerm MA 1.5 SemiHerm HA 1.5 1000lb, remote rack systems, fresh water Refrig/system Voltage Combos 12 2 24 References Refrig/system Voltage IF only
Composite stabilizer unit
This invention is comprised of an improved fin stabilized projectile including multiple stabilizer fins upon a stabilizer unit situated at the aft end of the projectile is provided, the improvement wherein the stabilizer fins are joined into the stabilizer unit by an injection molded engineering grade polymer.
Ebaugh, L.R.; Sadler, C.P.; Carter, G.D.
An improved fin stabilized projectile including multiple stabilizer fins upon a stabilizer unit situated at the aft end of the projectile is provided, the improvement wherein the stabilizer fins are joined into the stabillizer unit by an injection molded engineering grade polymer.
Ebaugh, Larry R. (Los Alamos, NM); Sadler, Collin P. (Los Alamos, NM); Carter, Gary D. (Espanola, NM)
Associative list processing unit
An associative list processing unit and method comprising employing a plurality of prioritized cell blocks and permitting inserts to occur in a single clock cycle if all of the cell blocks are not full. Also, an associative list processing unit and method comprising employing a plurality of prioritized cell blocks and using a tree of prioritized multiplexers descending from the plurality of cell blocks.
Hemmert, Karl Scott; Underwood, Keith D.
Climate Variability, Fish, and Fisheries
Fish population variability and fisheries activities are closely linked to weather and climate dynamics. While weather at sea directly affects fishing, environmental variability determines the distribution, migration, and abundance of fish. ...
P. Lehodey; J. Alheit; M. Barange; T. Baumgartner; G. Beaugrand; K. Drinkwater; J.-M. Fromentin; S. R. Hare; G. Ottersen; R. I. Perry; C. Roy; C. D. van der Lingen; F. Werner
Colorado River Basin Hydroclimatic Variability
An analysis of annual hydroclimatic variability in the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) for the period of 1906�2006 was performed to understand the dominant modes of multidecadal variability. First, wavelet-based spectral analysis was employed ...
Kenneth Nowak; Martin Hoerling; Balaji Rajagopalan; Edith Zagona
Delineation of Mesoscale Climate Zones in the Northeastern United States Using a Novel Approach to Cluster Analysis
Climate regions within the northeastern United States are defined using a combination of multivariate statistical techniques. A set of over 100 climatic variables from 641 United States and Canadian Cooperative Observer Network stations form the ...
Arthur T. Degaetano
Determining Critical Pressure and Duct Leakage in VAV Air-Handling Units
Determining Critical Pressure and Duct Leakage in VAV Air-Handling Units Determining Critical Pressure and Duct Leakage in VAV Air-Handling Units Speaker(s): Clifford Federspiel Date: December 3, 2003 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Nance Matson Fans for moving air in buildings use a significant amount of energy. It is well known that fan energy use in variable-air-volume (VAV) systems can be reduced by resetting the supply duct pressure. The standard way to reset duct pressure is by controlling the most-open terminal damper to a nearly open position. Most systems can't measure terminal damper positions, so pressures are either not reset at all or use ad hoc resetting strategies that are configured sub-optimally. In this seminar I will describe a new method of determining the critical supply duct pressure for VAV systems.
Second United Nations International Conference
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH THE FREE ANTINmpliRINO ABSORPTION CROSS SECTION - P a r t I. P a r t 1 1 . Measurement of the Free Antineutrino Absorption Cross Section. by F. Reines and C. L. Cowan, Jr., Los Almcas Scientific Laboratory. Expected Cross Sectionfrmkasurernents of Fission Fragment Electron Spectrum. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. R. E. Carter, F. Reines, J . J . Wagner, and M. E. W y m a n , Interpretation of Results. n i . DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal IiabiIity or responsibility for the accuracy, compJeteness, or usefulness of any information,
Scalable analysis of variable software
The advent of variability management and generator technology enables users to derive individual variants from a variable code base based on a selection of desired configuration options. This approach gives rise to the generation of possibly billions ... Keywords: C Preprocessor, Liveness Analysis, Software Product Lines, Type Checking, Variability-aware Analysis
J�rg Liebig; Alexander von Rhein; Christian K�stner; Sven Apel; Jens D�rre; Christian Lengauer
Symmetrization Of Binary Random Variables
A random variable Y is called an independent symmetrizer of a given random variable X if (a) it is independent of X and (b) the distribution of X Y is symmetric about 0. In cases where the distribution of X is symmetric about its mean, it is easy to see that the constant random variable Y is a minimum-variance independent symmetrizer. Taking
Abram Kagan; Colin Mallows; Larry Shepp; Robert J. Vanderbei; Yehuda Vardi
Variability within Modeling Language Definitions
We present a taxonomy of the variability mechanisms offered by modeling languages. The definition of a formal language encompasses a syntax and a semantic domain as well as the mapping that relates them, thus language variabilities are classified according ... Keywords: Modeling languages, UML, formal semantics, variability
Mar�a Victoria Cengarle; Hans Gr�nniger; Bernhard Rumpe
Window solar heating unit
The unit may be mounted either in a window or between the studs of a building that is to be supplied with solar heat. The bottom of the unit extends farther from the building than the top and is wider than the top of the unit such that the transparent side away from the building has an arcuate form and is gradually flared outwardly in a downward direction to increase the exposure to the sun during the day. A plurality of absorptive tubes within the unit are slanted from the upper portion of the unit downwardly and outwardly to the front arcuate portion of the bottom. Openings between the unit and the building are provided for air flow, and a thermostatically controlled fan is mounted in one of the openings. A baffle is mounted between the absorptive tubes and the mounting side of the solar heating unit, and the surfaces of the baffle and the absorptive tubes are painted a dull black for absorbing heat transmitted from the sun through the transparent, slanting side.
Davis, E.J.
United States Department of
....................................................................................................349 Biomass Variables indebted for his vision and energy that conceived the project and sustained its early development. Clay relationships among landscape elements, and the distribution of energy, material, and plant and animal species
Next Generation Rooftop Unit
Next Generation Rooftop Unit - Next Generation Rooftop Unit - CRADA Bo Shen Oak Ridge National Laboratory firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-574-5745 April 3, 2013 ET R&D project in support of DOE/BTO Goal of 50% Reduction in Building Energy Use by 2030. CRADA project with Trane TOP US Commercial HVAC Equipment OEM 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov Purpose & Objectives Problem Statement: half of all US commercial floor space cooled by packaged AC units, consumes more than 1.0 Quad source energy/year; highly efficient systems needed
ARM - Measurement - CO2 concentration
: CO2 concentration The amount of carbon dioxide, a heavy, colorless greenhouse gas, per unit of volume. Categories Atmospheric Carbon Instruments The above measurement is...
Development of Regional Models that Use Meteorological Variables for Predicting Stripe Rust Disease on Winter Wheat
Meteorological variables can be used to predict stripe rust, a disease of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis West., at Lind, Pullman, and Walla Walla, Washington and Pendleton, Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Regional ...
Stella Melugin Coakley; William S. Boyd; Roland F. Line
A Satellite Study of Tropical Moist Convection and Environmental Variability: A Moisture and Thermal Budget Analysis
The thermodynamic variability associated with moist convection over tropical oceans is analyzed by making use of a variety of satellite sensors including radars, an infrared and microwave sounder unit, and a microwave radiometer and scatterometer ...
Hirohiko Masunaga
The thermodynamic variability associated with moist convection over tropical oceans is analyzed by making use of a variety of satellite sensors including radars, an infrared and microwave sounder unit, and microwave radiometer and scatterometer ...
the 2009 Poverty Guidelines for families published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 3Use of heating equipment for another housing unit also includes the use...
that do not contain a storage tank. The water is only heated as it passes through the heat exchanger. 3Use of a water heater for another housing unit also includes the use of...
that do not contain a storage tank. The water is only heated as it passes through the heat exchanger. 4Use of a water heater for another housing unit also includes the use of...
United Cool Air
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
While our process may start with a "basic model" it is seldom that we fabricate more than a few units that are identical.� Therefore, the definition of "basic model" has a large impact on the...
5 Appliances in U.S. Homes, by Household Income, 2009" " Million Housing Units, Final" ,,"Household Income" ,"Total U.S.1 (millions)",,,"Below Poverty Line2" ,,"Less than...
3 Appliances in U.S. Homes, by Year of Construction, 2009" " Million Housing Units, Final" ,,"Year of Construction" ,"Total U.S.1 (millions)" ,,"Before 1940","1940 to 1949","1950...
6 Appliances in U.S. Homes, by Climate Region, 2009" " Million Housing Units, Final" ,,"Climate Region2" ,"Total U.S.1 (millions)" ,,"Very Cold","Mixed- Humid","Mixed-Dry"...
"- .-A*" (MQ) EfG (07-W) United States Government rrla.g-a Department of Energy memorandum DATE: tlEC 1 F: l??? REPLYTo EM-421 (W. A. W illiams , 903-8149) AJTN OF: SUBJECT:...
Structure and Variability of the Kuroshio Current in Tokara Strait
Four years of mooring array measurements in Tokara Strait, south of Kyushu, Japan, from 1992 to 1996 are used to analyze the structure and temporal variability of the Kuroshio Current. The mean Kuroshio current in Tokara Strait shows a nearly ...
Ming Feng; Humio Mitsudera; Yasushi Yoshikawa
Heart rate variability in mice with coronary heart disease
Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat fluctuation of the heart rate, is a non-invasive test that measures the autonomic regulation of the heart. Assessment of HRV has been shown to predict the risk of mortality ...
Zapanta, Laurence (Laurence F.)
Interannual Variability of Trace Gases in the Subtropical Winter Stratosphere
Measurements of water vapor and methane from the Halogen Occultation Experiment instrument on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite are used to study the interannual variability of trace gas distributions in the atmosphere. Particular ...
L. J. Gray; J. M. Russell Jr.
Intraseasonal Variability of the West African Monsoon and Atlantic ITCZ
Intraseasonal variability of boreal summer rainfall and winds in tropical West Africa and the east Atlantic is examined using daily Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation and the NCEP�NCAR reanalysis during 1998�2006. ...
Eric D. Maloney; Jeffrey Shaman
North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre Surface Variability (1895�2009)
Surface temperature, salinity, and density are examined in the northeastern part of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 115 years of measurements. This region presents coherent variability in space but also between different seasons, ...
G. Reverdin
Statistical Quality of Spectral Polarimetric Variables for Weather Radar
Spectral polarimetry for weather radar capitalizes on both Doppler and polarimetric measurements to reveal polarimetric variables as a function of radial velocity through spectral analysis. For example, spectral differential reflectivity at a ...
Tian-You Yu; Xiao Xiao; Yadong Wang
Estimation of Ultraviolet-B Irradiance under Variable Cloud Conditions
Methods to estimate the irradiance of ultraviolet-B (UVB; 280�320 nm) radiation are needed to assess biological effects of changes in atmospheric composition. Measurements of the spatial distribution of sky cloud cover, temporal variability of ...
Richard H. Grant; Gordon M. Heisler
Performance of ECM controlled VAV fan powered terminal units
Empirical performance models of fan airflow, primary airflow and power consumption were developed for series and parallel variable air volume fan powered terminal units. An experimental setup and test procedure were created to test the terminal units at typical design pressures and airflows. Each terminal unit observed in this study used an 8 in (20.3 cm) primary air inlet. Two fan motor control methods were considered. The primary control of interest was the electronically commutated motor (ECM) controller. Data collected were compared with previous research regarding silicon rectified control (SCR) units. Generalized models were developed for both series and parallel terminal units. Coefficients for performance models were then compared with comparable SCR controlled units. Non-linear statistical modeling was performed using SPSS software (2008). In addition to airflow and power consumption modeling, power quality was also quantified. Relationships between real power (watts) and apparent power (VA) were presented as well as harmonic frequencies and total harmonic distortion. Power quality was recorded for each ECM controlled terminal unit tested. Additional tests were also made to SCR controlled terminal units used in previous research (Furr 2006). The airflow and power consumption performance models had an R2 equal to 0.990 or greater for every terminal unit tested. An air leakage model was employed to account for leakage in the parallel designed VAV terminal units when the internal fan was turned off. For the leakage model, both ECM and SCR controlled units achieved an R2 greater than or equal to 0.918.
Cramlet, Andrew Charles
This patent relates to a pulse generator and more particularly to a time interval generator wherein the time interval between pulses is precisely determined. The variable time generator comprises two oscillators with one having a variable frequency output and the other a fixed frequency output. A frequency divider is connected to the variable oscillator for dividing its frequency by a selected factor and a counter is used for counting the periods of the fixed oscillator occurring during a cycle of the divided frequency of the variable oscillator. This defines the period of the variable oscillator in terms of that of the fixed oscillator. A circuit is provided for selecting as a time interval a predetermined number of periods of the variable oscillator. The output of the generator consists of a first pulse produced by a trigger circuit at the start of the time interval and a second pulse marking the end of the time interval produced by the same trigger circuit.
Gross, J.E.
Variability in Skill in 120 h FNOC 500 mb Height Forecasts
The variability of the 120 h 500 mb height forecasts of the Navy's Operational global model was examined for two winters. The forecasts displayed evidence of marked variability in the quality of forecasts as measured by anomaly correlations ...
J. Curtis; J. S. Boyle; C. H. Wash
Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for
Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Development Planning Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Development Planning Agency/Company /Organization: United States Agency for International Development Sector: Climate, Energy, Land, Water Topics: Adaptation Resource Type: Guide/manual Website: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADJ990.pdf References: Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Development Planning[1] "This Adaptation Guidance Manual is the first of several tools we are developing to assist planners and stakeholders as they cope with a changing climate. As we work with Missions to apply the methods described here, we
CDIAC Climate Data: Available Variables
Climate Variables Available in CDIAC Data Products Temperature Precipitation Cloudiness Sunshine Duration Snowfall and Snow Depth Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Moisture Surface...
A fast iterative solver for the variable coefficient diffusion equation on a disk
We present an efficient iterative method for solving the variable coefficient diffusion equation on a unit disk. The equation is written in polar coordinates and is discretized by the standard centered difference approximation under the grid arrangement ... Keywords: Ginzburg-Landau vortices, iterative method, polar coordinates, variable diffusion equation
Ming-Chih Lai; Yu-Hou Tseng
Second United Nations
Nations Nations . DISCLAIMER This report was prepared a s an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither t h e United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and
.2/06 WED 17:02 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG .2/06 WED 17:02 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG -** HQ . 001 United States Government Department of Energy Department of Energy memorandum DATE: February 9, 2006 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-06-07 REPLY TO ATTN OF; IG-32 (A050R014) SUBJECT: Audit of "The Department's Management of United States Enrichment Corporation Site Services" TO: Manager, Portsmouth/Paducah Project Office INTRODUCTTON AND OBJECTIVE The Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (Paducah), located in western Kentucky, was constructed by the Department of Energy (Department) in the early 1950s to enrich uranium for use in various military and commercial applications. The Department operated the plant until the Energy Policy Act of 1992 created the United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC) as a Government-owned
C. Uniform Unit Pricing Regulation
... to permit retail stores that voluntarily provide unit pricing to present prices using various ... with requirements that specify that the unit price is to be ...
United Biofuels | Open Energy Information
United Biofuels Jump to: navigation, search Name United Biofuels Place York, Pennsylvania Product Waste and animal fats to biofuel producer, switched to animal fats from soy in...
Exemplary Units Markup Language usage
Sample UnitsML tools and usage. ... Its usage is limited to demonstrating capabilities of plain XSLT processing with the data stored in UnitsML. ...
Fidelity criterion for quantum-domain transmission and storage of coherent states beyond unit-gain constraint
We generalize the experimental success criterion for quantum teleportation/memory in continuous-variable quantum systems to be suitable for non-unit-gain condition by considering attenuation/amplification of the coherent-state amplitude. The new criterion can be used for a non-ideal quantum memory and long distance quantum communication as well as quantum devices with amplification process. It is also shown that the framework to measure the average fidelity is capable of detecting all Gaussian channels in quantum domain.
Ryo Namiki; Masato Koashi; Nobuyuki Imoto
United States lubricant demand
This paper examines United States Lubricant Demand for Automotive and Industrial Lubricants by year from 1978 to 1992 and 1997. Projected total United States Lubricant Demand for 1988 is 2,725 million (or MM) gallons. Automotive oils are expected to account for 1,469MM gallons or (53.9%), greases 59MM gallons (or 2.2%), and Industrial oils will account for the remaining 1,197MM gallons (or 43.9%) in 1988. This proportional relationship between Automotive and Industrial is projected to remain relatively constant until 1992 and out to 1997. Projections for individual years between 1978 to 1992 and 1997 are summarized.
Solomon, L.K.; Pruitt, P.R.
Solving Unit Commitment by a Unit Decommitment Method
demand, and operating constraints such as spinning reserve requirements, over a short time horizon of power unit i is generating in time period t pmin i pmax i : minimum maximum rated capacity of unit i rmax i : maximum reserve for unit i ripit : reserve available from unit i in time period t minrmax i
. The CRU program expects to continue to work with cooperators in identify- ing high priority hiring actions Cooperators' Coalition (NCC) for the CRU program, which targets efforts in CRU to (i) find new ways to workCOOPERATIVE RESEARCH UNITS2009 Year In Review PROGRAM YEAR IN REVIEW In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009
Modeling of ECM Controlled Series Fan-powered VAV Terminal Units
Semi-empirical models for series fan-powered variable air volume terminal units (FPTUs) were developed based on models of the primary, plenum, fan airflow and the fan power consumption. The experimental setups and test procedures were developed respectively for primary, plenum and fan airflow to test each component of the FPTUs at typical design pressures and airflows. Two sizes of the terminal units from three manufacturers were used in this study. All of the FPTUs were equipped with electronically commutated motors (ECM). Data provided by the models were compared against the data from previous experiments to prove the models� validity. Regression modeling was performed by using SigmaStat. The model of primary airflow had an R2 above 0.948 for all the terminal units evaluated while the plenum airflow model had an R2 above 0.99. For all the terminal units, the R2 of the fan airflow model was ranged from 0.973 to 0.998. Except for one fan, the fan power consumption model was able to characterize the power performance and had an R2 above 0.986. By combining the airflow and power models, the model for series FPTU was developed. Verification was made to prove the FPTU model�s validity by comparing the measured and predicted data of airflow and power consumption. Correction factors were used in the primary airflow model to compensate for the difference caused by large measurement errors and the system effects. The predicted values were consistent with measurements and no offset was needed in the primary airflow model. Generally, the newly established model was able to describe the airflow performance as well as power consumption of series FPTUs without adding complexity.
Yin, Peng
Geothermal gradient map of the United States
A geothermal gradient map is needed in order to determine the hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal resource of the United States. Based on published and unpublished data (including new measurements) the HDR program will produce updated gradient maps annually, to be used as a tool for resource evaluation and exploration. The 1980 version of this map is presented.
Kron, A.; Heiken, G.
Variability of hot mix asphalt produced with reclaimed asphalt pavement
Pavement recycling operations have been used in the United States from the early 1900s to date. These recycling operations have been used for a variety of reasons including solid waste disposal problems, reduction of initial cost, and conservation of natural resources (aggregate, binder and energy). Adequate techniques to assess the variability of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) are lacking. The objectives of this research are to determine the variabilities of RAP and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), determine the influence of the RAP variability on the HMA variability, and compare the variability of virgin aggregates at the quarries and the aggregates that have been handled and transported to asphalt plant stockpiles. This thesis describes the compositional data analysis including the ternary diagrams for mixes and aggregates, a multivariate beta model, variability analysis using a multivariate variance assumption, and ternary quality control charts. It also describes the hypothesis tests using a k-variate student t distribution and an F-test. The following conclusions are obtained: i) RAP is better used in producing a mix with a relatively small top size 3/8" (Type S-III mix) or 1/2'' (Type S-I mix), and not with a sieve size larger than 1" (Type S-II mix); ii) RAP percent does not significantly influence the mix variability; it is desirable to use a large percentage of RAP in the Type S-I mix, i.e., more than 40% RAP; iii) On the average, the aggregate variability increases after transportation and stockpiling process; iv) On the average, the aggregate in the quarry has less variability than the same aggregate in the asphalt plant stockpile, therefore, aggregates in quarries are better controlled than aggregates in stockpiles; v) Variabilities of aggregates in quarries are slightly larger than the variability of RAP which is slightly larger than variabilities of Type S-II and S-III mixes. Type S-II and S-III mixes have the same variability and are slightly larger than the variability of the Type S-I mix; vi) The ternary diagram and the hypothesis test can be used to judge whether a contractor did a good job; vii) Ternary quality control chart shows the dynamic trend of a mix or an aggregate during the production period.
Yang, Guiqin
SI Units - Length
... Department of Physics); Examine Cell Size and Scale (University of Utah) using an interactive graphic; Practice measuring length ...
Measurement and Modeling of Solar and PV Output Variability:...
Cover Analysis of Hazardous Waste Sites in Utah and Arizona Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 2012 Reliability & Markets Peer Review - Full Presentations USVI Energy...
W. , and S. R. Mundle. Peak-Base Cost Allocation Models. In29�33. Reilly, J. M. Transit Costs During Peak and Off-PeakHow to Allocate Bus Route Costs. Transit, Vol. 5, No. 2,
A Stochastic Unit Commitment Model for Integrating Renewable Supply
A Stochastic Unit Commitment Model for Integrating Renewable Supply and Demand Response Anthony from the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources and deferrable demand in power systems. We- sorbing the uncertainty and variability associated with renewable supply: centralized co
Oren, Shmuel S.
The effect of temperature and humidity on formaldehyde emissions from samples collected from temporary housing units (THUs) was studied. The THUs were supplied by the U.S Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) to families that lost their homes in Louisiana and Mississippi during the Hurricane Katrina and Rita disasters. Based on a previous study 1, 2, four of the composite wood surface materials that dominated contributions to indoor formaldehyde were selected to analyze the effects of temperature and humidity on the emission factors. Humidity equilibration experiments were carried out on two of the samples to determine how long the samples take to equilibrate with the surrounding environmental conditions. Small chamber experiments were then conducted to measure emission factors for the four surface materials at various temperature and humidity conditions. The samples were analyzed for formaldehyde via high performance liquid chromatography. The experiments showed that increases in temperature or humidity contributed to an increase in emission factors. A linear regression model was built using natural log of percentage relative humidity (RH) and inverse of temperature (in K) as predictor variables, and natural log of emission factors as the target variable. The coefficients of both inverse temperature and log relative humidity with log emission factor were found to be statistically significant for all the samples at the 95percent confidence level. This study should assist to retrospectively estimate indoor formaldehyde exposures of occupants of temporary housing units (THUs).
Parthasarathy, Srinandini; Maddalena, Randy L.; Russell, Marion L.; Apte, Michael G.
Convective�Stratiform Precipitation Variability at Seasonal Scale from 8 Yr of TRMM Observations: Implications for Multiple Modes of Diurnal Variability
This study investigates the variability of convective and stratiform rainfall from 8 yr (1998�2005) of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) measurements, focusing on seasonal diurnal ...
Song Yang; Eric A. Smith
Essentials of the SI: Base & derived units
... Table 1. SI base units. SI base unit. Base quantity, Name, Symbol. length, meter, m. ... Table 2. Examples of SI derived units. SI derived unit. ...
Mathematical model of steam generator feed system at power unit of nuclear plant
A mathematical model of a steam generator feed system at a power unit of a nuclear plant with variable values of transfer function coefficients is presented. The model is realized in the MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow event-driven simulation.
E. M. Raskin; L. A. Denisova; V. P. Sinitsyn; Yu. V. Nesterov
The Influence of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones on Drought over the Eastern United States (1980�2007)
To assess the influence of Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) on the eastern U.S. drought regime, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface hydrologic model was run over the eastern United States forced by the North American Land Data ...
Jonghun Kam; Justin Sheffield; Xing Yuan; Eric F. Wood
Spatial and Elevational Variations of Summer Rainfall in the Southwestern United States
This study examines the spatial variability of mean monthly summer rainfall in the southwestern United States, with special attention given to the effect elevation. Rain gauge data from a consistent 60-yr period show that mean rainfall increases ...
Jen�D. Michaud; Brian A. Auvine; Olga C. Penalba
Hydro-Climatological Trends in the Continental United States, 1948-88
Spatial patterns in trends of four monthly variables: average temperature, precipitation, streamflow, and average of the daily temperature range were examined for the continental United States for the period 1948�88. The data used are a subset of ...
Dennis P. Lettenmaier; Eric F. Wood; James R. Wallis
Seasonal Variations in the Diurnal Characteristics of Heavy Hourly precipitation across the United States
Hourly precipitation data from 1967 to 1983 for the coterminous, United States were harmonically analyzed in order to document the diurnal variability of several categories of heavy hourly precipitation during winter, spring, summer, and autumn. ...
Julie A. Winkler; Brent R. Skeeter; Paul D. Yamamoto
A climatology of the structure, evolution and propagation of midlatitude cyclones in the Southeast United States
The seasonal and interannual variability of the structure, evolution, and propagation of midlatitude cyclones in the southeastern United States are studied using a composite analysis. Composites show that the axis of the wintertime upper-level ...
Rosana Nieto Ferreira; Linwood Hall; Thomas M. Rickenbach
Influence of Daily Rainfall Characteristics on Regional Summertime Precipitation over the Southwestern United States
The regional variability in the summertime precipitation over the southwestern United States is studied using stochastic chain-dependent models generated from 70 yr of station-based daily precipitation observations. To begin, the spatiotemporal ...
Bruce T. Anderson; Jingyun Wang; Suchi Gopal; Guido Salvucci
uv /uu/u* ±.u.. J.OJ..L rAA , *. . uv /uu/u* ±.u.. J.OJ..L rAA , *. . 'A4 .. ± OO, I U444 flmI I.j102 ' -f- $I)002 EP<.1 (o-.vu) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: January 30, 2004 REP.YTO: IG-35 (A03DN039) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-04-10 SUBJECT: Audit of the Safeguards and Security Program at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site To: Frazer Lockhart, Manager, Rocky Flats Field Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Because of the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, the Department of Energy (Department) instituted additional security requirements beyond those already in place for normal security operations. These "Security Conditions" requirements were established by Department Notice 473.8 (Notice). The requirements are based on
l UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT lb 15 SUBJECT: THORFJM PROCURENENT PMF'N:TBU Jesse C. Johnson, Gtnager of IRaw Materials Operations3s.Office 3 R. W. Cook, Director of Production ~',LL:::+ I--- DATE: MAR ! 9 1951 The following list of suppliers of thorium and the amounts of materials procured from them by the Mew York Operations Office during calendar year 1950 is being supplied in accordance with Mr. Spelmanls telephone request of March 19. Thorium Lannett Bleachery iinde Air Products Co. Lindsey Light & Chemical Co. lliscellaneous NY0 Liscensing Division Rare Earths, Inc. Wolff-Alport Total - (kilograms) 179 38,2;2 -3 4,210 /vyeoi 4 -q- 2 : i ' \ iti 1 i 0 ;;\I:' --' I F 10 i;;;?/ \ --' L & ;:I :,- :,j( EZi 5 1 :' -I I ri _ I ' R i; .- . )- .i
ng ng United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL DATE: APR 18 2003 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-34 (A02PR010) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-03-15 SUBJECT: Audit of the Weatherization Assistance Program TO: Director, Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program, EE-2K The purpose of this report is to inform you of the results of our audit of the Weatherization Assistance Program. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Weatherization Assistance Program (Program) was established to increase energy efficiency in dwellings owned or occupied by low-income persons to reduce their residential energy expenditures and improve their health and safety. Since its inception in 1976, the Program has reported that approximately 5 million dwelling units owned or occupied by low-income individuals have been weatherized.
United States Government Department
OE r 1325.0 OE r 1325.0 (01.93) United States Government Department of memorandum DATE: March 23, 2006 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-06-09 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-32 (A060R040) SUBJECT: Audit of"The Department of Energy's Management of the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve" TO, Deputy Assistant Secrctary for Petroleum Reserves INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Energy Act of 2000 authorized the Secretary of Energy to create a Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve (Reserve). The Reserve was established as an "emergency buffer" to supplement commercial supplies should a severe supply disruption occur in the heavily heating oil-dependent northeast United States. The Reserve consists of 2 million barrels of emergency home heating oil, enough to provide Northeast consumers adequate supplies for approximately
United States Government United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum DATE: July 29, 2005 REPLY TO ATTN TO: IG-34 (A05HQ002) Audit Report No. OAS-L-05-10 SUBJECT: Agreed-Upon Procedures for Federal Payroll TO: Director, Office of Management, Budget, and Evaluation/Chief Financial Officer, ME-1 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 01-02, "Audit Requirements for Federal Financial Statement," dated October 16, 2000, requires an annual audit of civilian payroll of executive departments and other Government agencies. Auditors are required to follow the agreed-upon procedures in Appendix I-1 of OMB Bulletin No. 01-02, to assess the reasonableness of life insurance, health benefits, and retirement withholdings and contributions.
Menxmmhmz 9 Menxmmhmz 9 1 / UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT i TO : ThcFFles . mx.f I A. B. Piccct, +3lation section : DATE: .@.eti 16, 1949 SUBJECT: VISIT To HAVY OFfDHAlfCE DEPOT, EARIZ, B.J. FmmlTo ,sYmOL: DH:ARP . . : OnJuly 8,&g the uriterattendedameeting at the Navy Oxdnce Depot at Farle, Ii. J. for the purpose of advising the navy on i-adlatlon hazards involved In the dmping of contadnated AEC wastes at /?ea. " Presint were: J. Cook - Traffic & Transportation, AEC ~J.Moren- Utilifation, AEC ..J. Ccnmigl.io - Chief of Middlesex Operaticns A. PIhot -~Hadiation Section, AEC Captain Blossoin - Navy Captain hall - Navy ThefoSkndngwas agreedupcmby AFC andthe l&v. 1. 2. 3. 4. Contaminatedmaterial dnmied, I (loose in case of large contaminated units) loaded on truck&and lsonltored at'
Thermal insulated glazing unit
An improved insulated glazing unit is provided which can attain about R5 to about R10 thermal performance at the center of the glass while having dimensions about the same as those of a conventional double glazed insulated glazing unit. An outer glazing and inner glazing are sealed to a spacer to form a gas impermeable space. One or more rigid, non-structural glazings are attached to the inside of the spacer to divide the space between the inner and outer glazings to provide insulating gaps between glazings of from about 0.20 inches to about 0.40 inches. One or more glazing surfaces facing each thermal gap are coated with a low emissivity coating. Finally, the thermal gaps are filled with a low conductance gas such as krypton gas.
Selkowitz, Stephen E. (Piedmont, CA); Arasteh, Dariush K. (Oakland, CA); Hartmann, John L. (Seattle, WA)
An improved insulated glazing unit is provided which can attain about R5 to about R10 thermal performance at the center of the glass while having dimensions about the same as those of a conventional double glazed insulated glazing unit. An outer glazing and inner glazing are sealed to a spacer to form a gas impermeable space. One or more rigid, non-structural glazings are attached to the inside of the spacer to divide the space between the inner and outer glazings to provide insulating gaps between glazings of from about 0.20 inches to about 0.40 inches. One or more glazing surfaces facing each thermal gap are coated with a low emissivity coating. Finally, the thermal gaps are filled with a low conductance gas such as krypton gas. 2 figs.
Selkowitz, S.E.; Arasteh, D.K.; Hartmann, J.L.
United States Environmental Monitoring
EPA 60014-91/030 EPA 60014-91/030 Environmental Protection Systems Laboratory DOE/DP00539-063 Agency P.O. Box 93478 Las Vegas NV 891 93-3478 Research and Development Offsite Environmental Monitoring Report: 1 - 3 5 Radiation Monitorina Around * / (- P 7 1 United States ~ u c l g a r Test Areas Calendar Year 1990 This page intentionally left blank EPN60014-90 DOWDP Offsite Environmental Monitoring Report: Radiation Monitoring Around United States Nuclear Test Areas, Calendar Year 1990 Contributors: D.J. Chaloud, B.B. Dicey, D.G. Easterly, C.A. Fontana, R.W. Holloway, A.A. Mullen, V.E. Niemann, W.G. Phillips, D.D. Smith, N.R. Sunderland, D.J. Thome, and Nuclear Radiation Assessment Division Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy under Interagency Agreement Number DE-A108-86-NV10522
On Sub-ENSO Variability
Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) of surface zonal wind, sea surface temperature (SST), 20� isotherm depth, and surface zonal current observations (between 1990 and 2004) identifies three coupled ocean�atmosphere modes of variability ...
Noel S. Keenlyside; Mojib Latif; Anke D�rkop
Hoechst plans Mexican unit
Hoechst is considering plans to build its first ethoxylates project in Mexico, Mark Sijthoff, head of surfactants and auxiliaries for Hoechst`s specialty chemical business unit, tells CW. The company expects to make a decision on the 30,000-m.t./year project by the end of the year. Sijthoff would not disclose the site or where ethylene oxide (EO) feed would be obtained. The plan may depend on results of the privatization of Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), which is the only producer of EO in Mexico. Hoechst is part of a consortium bidding on the privatization. Sources say the unit will be built at Quimica Hoechst`s Coatzacoalcos site, close to Pemex`s EO plants at Cangregera and Morelos. A planned EO expansion at Morelos will probably move ahead when the sell-off is completed. Sijthoff says that Hoechst is also looking at improving its US surfactants position, although the company has no plans to expand ethoxylates, as there is {open_quotes}plenty of capacity.{close_quotes} Hoechst started up a 150-million lbs/year plant at Clear Lake, TX last year, ending a tolling agreement with Union Carbide. In addition, Rhone-Poulenc recently started a unit at Marcus Hook, PA, and Condea Vista is doubling its ethoxylation capacity at Lake Charles, LA. Meanwhile, Hoechst is still considering construction of 30,000-m.t./year ethoxylation plant in India or China. A decision is expected later this year.
Wood, A.; Alperowicz, N.
Analysis and control of a nonlinear boiler-turbine unit Wen Tan a,*,1
Analysis and control of a nonlinear boiler-turbine unit Wen Tan a,*,1 , Horacio J. Marquez b, and the concept is applied to a boiler-turbine unit to analyze its dynamics. It is shown that the unit shows. Keywords: Boiler-turbine unit; Nonlinearity measure; Gap metric; Anti-windup bumpless transfer techniques
Marquez, Horacio J.
A Natural Mass Unit Hidden in the Planck Action Quantum Bernd Binder
A Natural Mass Unit Hidden in the Planck Action Quantum Bernd Binder firstname.lastname@example.com c 2003 baryon mass a natural mass unit µ can be identified by extrapolating dimensionless Planck units h = c = 1 to the System of Units (SI). Similar to quantum measurements that determine h it is only necessary to relate
Binder, Bernd
A Natural Mass Unit Hidden in the Planck Action Quantum Bernd Binder email@example.com c #2003 baryon mass a natural mass unit µ can be identified by extrapolating dimensionless Planck units h = c = 1 to the System of Units (SI). Similar to quantum measurements that determine h it is only necessary to relate
Measuring the energy efficiency of households: an application of frontier production function analysis
A new method to estimate the energy efficiency of households is presented. Households are viewed as productive units organized to provide the occupants with numerous services requiring fuel as an input: house heating to achieve a desired interior temperature, lighting for recreation, etc. The focus is on the efficiency of energy use, not the demand for energy. The approach to measuring efficiency compares a group of productive units along several dimensions of input resources and service outputs. The comparison identifies a subset of units that are considered efficient because they require the least resources per unit of service provided. The efficient units form a production possibility frontier of best practice in service provision. A regression of the two sets of efficiency scores on other variables reflecting locational, dwelling unit, and occupational characteristics is performed to identify factors accounting for differences in efficiency. The results indicate that the more efficient units used electric heat, had higher ratios of non-electric to electric fuel inputs, were owner-occupied, and were built after 1974. The findings also suggest that both family life cycle and income effects account for efficiency differences.
Baxter, L.W.
Mathematical structure of unit systems
We investigate the mathematical structure of unit systems and the relations between them. Looking over the entire set of unit systems, we can find a mathematical structure that is called preorder (or quasi-order). For some pair of unit systems, there exists a relation of preorder such that one unit system is transferable to the other unit system. The transfer (or conversion) is possible only when all of the quantities distinguishable in the latter system are always distinguishable in the former system. By utilizing this structure, we can systematically compare the representations in different unit systems. Especially, the equivalence class of unit systems (EUS) plays an important role because the representations of physical quantities and equations are of the same form in unit systems belonging to an EUS. The dimension of quantities is uniquely defined in each EUS. The EUS's form a partially ordered set. Using these mathematical structures, unit systems and EUS's are systematically classified and organized as a hierarchical tree.
Masao Kitano
Choosing the best set of variables in regression analysis using integer programming
This paper is concerned with an algorithm for selecting the best set of s variables out of k(> s) candidate variables in a multiple linear regression model. We employ absolute deviation as the measure of deviation and solve ... Keywords: 0-1 integer programming, Cardinality constraint, Least absolute deviation, Linear regression, Variable selection
Hiroshi Konno; Rei Yamamoto
Temporal Variability of Aerosol Properties during TCAP: Impact on Radiative Forcing
Ground-based remote sensing and in situ observations of aerosol microphysical and optical properties have been collected during summertime (June-August, 2012) as part of the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP; http://campaign.arm.gov/tcap/), which was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy�s (DOE�s) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (http://www.arm.gov/). The overall goal of the TCAP field campaign is to study the evolution of optical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol transported from North America to the Atlantic and their impact on the radiation energy budget. During TCAP, the ground-based ARM Mobile Facility (AMF) was deployed on Cape Cod, an arm-shaped peninsula situated on the easternmost portion of Massachusetts (along the east coast of the United States) and that is generally downwind of large metropolitan areas. The AMF site was equipped with numerous instruments for sampling aerosol, cloud and radiative properties, including a Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS), and a three-wavelength nephelometer. In this study we present an analysis of diurnal and day-to-day variability of the column and near-surface aerosol properties obtained from remote sensing (MFRSR data) and ground-based in situ measurements (SMPS, APS, and nephelometer data). In particular, we show that the observed diurnal variability of the MFRSR aerosol optical depth is strong and comparable with that obtained previously from the AERONET climatology in Mexico City, which has a larger aerosol loading. Moreover, we illustrate how the variability of aerosol properties impacts the direct aerosol radiative forcing at different time scales.
Kassianov, Evgueni I.; Barnard, James C.; Pekour, Mikhail S.; Berg, Larry K.; Fast, Jerome D.; Michalsky, Joseph J.; Lantz, K.; Hodges, G. B.
Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy
Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy Resources in Control Centers for Reliable Grid Operations: Global Best Practices, Examples of Excellence and Lessons Learned Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy Resources in Control Centers for Reliable Grid Operations: Global Best Practices, Examples of Excellence and Lessons Learned Agency/Company /Organization: United States Department of Energy Sector: Climate, Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Grid Assessment and Integration, Wind Topics: Best Practices Resource Type: Lessons learned/best practices, Publications, Technical report Website: www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/pdfs/doe_wind_integration_report.pdf
Links to on-line unit conversions
... Basic physical quantities. General unit, currency, and temperature conversion. ... Many conversions, including unusual and ancient units. ...
Mercury Emission Measurement at a CFB Plant
In response to pending regulation to control mercury emissions in the United States and Canada, several projects have been conducted to perform accurate mass balances at pulverized coal (pc)-fired utilities. Part of the mercury mass balance always includes total gaseous mercury as well as a determination of the speciation of the mercury emissions and a concentration bound to the particulate matter. This information then becomes useful in applying mercury control strategies, since the elemental mercury has traditionally been difficult to control by most technologies. In this instance, oxidation technologies have proven most beneficial for increased capture. Despite many years of mercury measurement and control projects at pc-fired units, far less work has been done on circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) units, which are able to combust a variety of feedstocks, including cofiring coal with biomass. Indeed, these units have proven to be more problematic because it is very difficult to obtain a reliable mercury mass balance. These units tend to have very different temperature profiles than pc-fired utility boilers. The flexibility of CFB units also tends to be an issue when a mercury balance is determined, since the mercury inputs to the system come from the bed material and a variety of fuels, which can have quite variable chemistry, especially for mercury. In addition, as an integral part of the CFB operation, the system employs a feedback loop to circulate the bed material through the combustor and the solids collection system (the primary cyclone), thereby subjecting particulate-bound metals to higher temperatures again. Despite these issues, CFB boilers generally emit very little mercury and show good native capture. The Energy & Environmental Research Center is carrying out this project for Metso Power in order to characterize the fate of mercury across the unit at Rosebud Plant, an industrial user of CFB technology from Metso. Appropriate solids were collected, and flue gas samples were obtained using the Ontario Hydro method, mercury continuous emission monitors, and sorbent trap methods. In addition, chlorine and fluorine were determined for solids and in the flue gas stream. Results of this project have indicated a very good mercury mass balance for Rosebud Plant, indicating 105 {+-} 19%, which is well within acceptable limits. The mercury flow through the system was shown to be primarily in with the coal and out with the flue gas, which falls outside of the norm for CFB boilers.
John Pavlish; Jeffrey Thompson; Lucinda Hamre
The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) initiated processing Sludge Batch 6 (SB6) in the summer of 2010. In support of processing, the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) provided a recommendation to utilize Frit 418 to process SB6. This recommendation was based on assessments of the compositional projections for SB6 available at the time from the Liquid Waste Organization (LWO) and SRNL (using a model-based approach). To support qualification of SB6, SRNL executed a variability study to assess the applicability of the current durability models for SB6. The durability models were assessed over the expected Frit 418-SB6 composition range. Seventeen glasses were selected for the variability study based on the sludge projections used in the frit recommendation. Five of the glasses are based on the centroid of the compositional region, spanning a waste loading (WL) range of 32 to 40%. The remaining twelve glasses are extreme vertices (EVs) of the sludge region of interest for SB6 combined with Frit 418 and are all at 36% WL. These glasses were fabricated and characterized using chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Product Consistency Test (PCT). After initiating the SB6 variability study, the measured composition of the SB6 Tank 51 qualification glass produced at the SRNL Shielded Cells Facility indicated that thorium was present in the glass at an appreciable concentration (1.03 wt%), which made it a reportable element for SB6. This concentration of ThO{sub 2} resulted in a second phase of experimental studies. Five glasses were formulated that were based on the centroid of the new sludge compositional region combined with Frit 418, spanning a WL range of 32 to 40%. These glasses were fabricated and characterized using chemical composition analysis and the PCT. Based on the measured PCT response, all of the glasses (with and without thorium) were acceptable with respect to the Environmental Assessment (EA) reference glass regardless of thermal history. All of the normalized boron releases were less than 1 g/L. While all of the targeted glass compositions were predictable with respect to the Product Composition Control System (PCCS) models for durability, a small number of the measured glass compositions were located outside of the lower prediction limit indicating poorer durability than what was actually measured. These unpredictable glasses were in the same lithium metaborate (LM) preparation block during the chemical analyses, which resulted in measured compositions that were not representative of the target compositions. A review of the data did not indicate a clear cause for the problem. Re-digestion and re-measurement of three glasses from this preparation block yielded glass compositions closer to the target values and predicted PCT responses within the PCCS model uncertainty. Therefore, it is believed that the glasses were correctly fabricated and the targeted compositions are closer representations of the true compositions. Per the requirements of the DWPF Glass Product Control Program, the PCCS durability models have been shown to be applicable for the SB6/Frit 418 glass system. PCT results from the glasses fabricated as part of the variability study were shown to be predictable and/or acceptable with respect to the DWPF PCCS models. In addition, the inclusion of ThO{sub 2} was shown to have minimal impact on the acceptability and predictability of the variability study glasses.
Johnson, F.; Edwards, T.
Improved sample size determination for attributes and variables sampling
Earlier INMM papers have addressed the attributes/variables problem and, under conservative/limiting approximations, have reported analytical solutions for the attributes and variables sample sizes. Through computer simulation of this problem, we have calculated attributes and variables sample sizes as a function of falsification, measurement uncertainties, and required detection probability without using approximations. Using realistic assumptions for uncertainty parameters of measurement, the simulation results support the conclusions: (1) previously used conservative approximations can be expensive because they lead to larger sample sizes than needed; and (2) the optimal verification strategy, as well as the falsification strategy, are highly dependent on the underlying uncertainty parameters of the measurement instruments. 1 ref., 3 figs.
Stirpe, D.; Picard, R.R.
Variable focal length deformable mirror
A variable focal length deformable mirror has an inner ring and an outer ring that simply support and push axially on opposite sides of a mirror plate. The resulting variable clamping force deforms the mirror plate to provide a parabolic mirror shape. The rings are parallel planar sections of a single paraboloid and can provide an on-axis focus, if the rings are circular, or an off-axis focus, if the rings are elliptical. The focal length of the deformable mirror can be varied by changing the variable clamping force. The deformable mirror can generally be used in any application requiring the focusing or defocusing of light, including with both coherent and incoherent light sources.
Headley, Daniel (Albuquerque, NM); Ramsey, Marc (Albuquerque, NM); Schwarz, Jens (Albuquerque, NM)
" Million U.S. Housing Units"
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Type of Housing Unit" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Single-Family Units",,"Apartments in...
Million U.S. Housing Units Total...............................
Attached 2 to 4 Units Table HC2.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit, 2005 5 or More Units Mobile Homes Type of Housing Unit Housing Units (millions)...
Rooftop package unit diagnostician
A diagnostic system for an HVAC system includes a number of sensors used to measure the operation of the HVAC system. Sensor readings are measured by timing the delay between when a strobe signal is sent to a sensor and when an interrupt signal from the sensor is received. A device driver used to measure the sensor readings stores the sensor readings in pseudo-character device files, which are universally accessible by different subsystems of the diagnostic system. Based on the readings from these sensors, this diagnostic system is able to determine the operational status of the HVAC system and if an economizer in the HVAC system is operating properly.
Chassin, David P [Pasco, WA; Pratt, Robert G [Kennewick, WA; Reid, Larry Dean [Benton City, WA
Interannual Variability of the Global Radiation Budget
Interannual variability of the global radiation budget, regions that contribute to its variability, and what limits albedo variability are investigated using Clouds and the Earth�s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data taken from March 2000 through ...
Seiji Kato
Current Name Academic Unit Request
Current Name Academic Unit Request Department/College/School/Institute/Center Names: New or Changes This form is to be used to request new academic units (departments, colleges, schools, institutes, or centers) or to request changes to existing academic units. Complete the following and submit
Hart, Gus
Quantifying decoherence in continuous variable systems
We present a detailed report on the decoherence of quantum states of continuous variable systems under the action of a quantum optical master equation resulting from the interaction with general Gaussian uncorrelated environments. The rate of decoherence is quantified by relating it to the decay rates of various, complementary measures of the quantum nature of a state, such as the purity, some nonclassicality indicators in phase space and, for two-mode states, entanglement measures and total correlations between the modes. Different sets of physically relevant initial configurations are considered, including one- and two-mode Gaussian states, number states, and coherent superpositions. Our analysis shows that, generally, the use of initially squeezed configurations does not help to preserve the coherence of Gaussian states, whereas it can be effective in protecting coherent superpositions of both number states and Gaussian wave packets.
A. Serafini; M. G. A. Paris; F. Illuminati; S. De Siena
We present a detailed report on the decoherence of quantum states of continuous variable systems under the action of a quantum optical master equation resulting from the interaction with general Gaussian uncorrelated environments. The rate of decoherence is quantified by relating it to the decay rates of various, complementary measures of the quantum nature of a state, such as the purity, some nonclassicality indicators in phase space and, for two-mode states, entanglement measures and total correlations between the modes. Different sets of physically relevant initial configurations are considered, including one- and two-mode Gaussian states, number states, and coherent superpositions. Our analysis shows that, generally, the use of initially squeezed configurations does not help to preserve the coherence of Gaussian states, whereas it can be effective in protecting coherent superpositions of both number states and Gaussian wave packets. 1
Measuring Residential Ventilation
Measuring Residential Ventilation Measuring Residential Ventilation System Airflows: Part 2 - Field Evaluation of Airflow Meter Devices and System Flow Verification J. Chris Stratton, Iain S. Walker, Craig P. Wray Environmental Energy Technologies Division October 2012 LBNL-5982E 2 Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any
The presence of both steady and transient loops in active region cores has been reported from soft X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet observations of the solar corona. The relationship between the different loop populations, however, remains an open question. We present an investigation of the short-term variability of loops in the core of two active regions in the context of their long-term evolution. We take advantage of the nearly full Sun observations of STEREO and Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft to track these active regions as they rotate around the Sun multiple times. We then diagnose the variability of the active region cores at several instances of their lifetime using EIS/Hinode spectral capabilities. We inspect a broad range of temperatures, including for the first time spatially and temporally resolved images of Ca XIV and Ca XV lines. We find that the active region cores become fainter and steadier with time. The significant emission measure at high temperatures that is not correlated with a comparable increase at low temperatures suggests that high-frequency heating is viable. The presence, however, during the early stages, of an enhanced emission measure in the ''hot'' (3.0-4.5 MK) and ''cool'' (0.6-0.9 MK) components suggests that low-frequency heating also plays a significant role. Our results explain why there have been recent studies supporting both heating scenarios.
Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio [College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 (United States); Warren, Harry P. [Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States)
Continuous variable tangle, monogamy inequality, and entanglement sharing in Gaussian states of continuous variable systems
For continuous-variable systems, we introduce a measure of entanglement, the continuous variable tangle ({\\em contangle}), with the purpose of quantifying the distributed (shared) entanglement in multimode, multipartite Gaussian states. This is achieved by a proper convex roof extension of the squared logarithmic negativity. We prove that the contangle satisfies the Coffman-Kundu-Wootters monogamy inequality in all three--mode Gaussian states, and in all fully symmetric $N$--mode Gaussian states, for arbitrary $N$. For three--mode pure states we prove that the residual entanglement is a genuine tripartite entanglement monotone under Gaussian local operations and classical communication. We show that pure, symmetric three--mode Gaussian states allow a promiscuous entanglement sharing, having both maximum tripartite residual entanglement and maximum couplewise entanglement between any pair of modes. These states are thus simultaneous continuous-variable analogs of both the GHZ and the $W$ states of three qubits: in continuous-variable systems monogamy does not prevent promiscuity, and the inequivalence between different classes of maximally entangled states, holding for systems of three or more qubits, is removed.
Gerardo Adesso; Fabrizio Illuminati
The TAOS Project Stellar Variability II. Detection of 15 Variable Stars
The Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) project has collected more than a billion photometric measurements since 2005 January. These sky survey data - covering timescales from a fraction of a second to a few hundred days - are a useful source to study stellar variability. A total of 167 star fields, mostly along the ecliptic plane, have been selected for photometric monitoring with the TAOS telescopes. This paper presents our initial analysis of a search for periodic variable stars from the time-series TAOS data on one particular TAOS field, No. 151 (RA = 17{sup h} 30{sup m} 6.67{sup s}, Dec = 27 degrees, 17 minutes, 30 seconds, J2000), which had been observed over 47 epochs in 2005. A total of 81 candidate variables are identified in the 3 square degree field, with magnitudes in the range 8 < R < 16. On the basis of the periodicity and shape of the lightcurves, 32 variables, 18 of which were previously unknown, are classified as RR Lyrae, Cepheid, {delta} Scuti, SX Phonencis, semi-regular and eclipsing binaries.
Mondal, S; Lin, C C; Zhang, Z W; Alcock, C; Axelrod, T; Bianco, F B; Byun, Y I; Coehlo, N K; Cook, K H; Dave, R; Kim, D W; King, S K; Lee, T; Lehner, M J; Lin, H C; Marshall, S L; Protopapas, P; Rice, J A; Schwamb, M E; Wang, J H; Wang, S Y; Wen, C Y
Verti Jack Pumping Unit evaluation
The Verti Jack Pumping Unit was tested primarily to establish the energy comsumption efficiency of the unit as compared with that of conventional pumping unit. Before the unit was field tested, extensive static testing was performed to determine the effect of the counterbalance system throughout the operational cycle. The field test included comparing the performance of the Verti Jack Unit and conventional pump jacks - a Bethlehem 16 and Cabot 25 pumping unit. The Verti Jack unit was operated at four different pumping conditions. The Verti Jack unit peformed satisfactorily during the testing. Only minor problems that could not be attributed to the design or operation of the unit were encountered. Changing the stroke length was difficult in the field, but such operational problems were expected in operating the first phototype and can be corrected on future models. During the higher pumping rate tests of the Verti Jack unit, the well ceased to deliver fluid quantities at rates adequate to the pumping rate. These data are shown in table 8. Therefore, evaluation data are based on theoretical pump performance and are presented in table 9. The data show that the Verti Jack is more efficient than the conventional units tested. The most direct comparison was the Verti Jack test at 36-inch stroke and 12 1/2 strokes per minute versus the Cabot unit at 37-inch stroke and 12 strokes per minute. In the comparison the Verti Jack operated about 24 percent more efficiently than the Cabot unit. Comparing the summation of all Verti Jack tests with that of all conventional unit tests, the Verti Jack operated about 15 percent more efficiently. Compared to the Cabot unit only, the Verti Jack was about 17 percent more energy efficient. 13 figs., 12 tabs.
Porter, R.; Spence, K.
Vertical Integration in Restructured Electricity Markets: Measuring Market Efficiency and Firm Conduct
Coal Natural Gas and Oil Nuclear Quantity Supplied (MWh)Units Oil Units Panel B: Summer of 1999 Variable QuantityQuantity demanded hourly a Price of: Electricity a Electricity (Q weighted) Natural Gas b Oil
Mansur, Erin T.
Mechanisms for Diurnal Variability of Global Tropical Rainfall Observed from TRMM
The behavior and various controls of diurnal variability in tropical�subtropical rainfall are investigated using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation measurements retrieved from the three level-2 TRMM standard profile ...
United States Government Memorandum
Department of Energy Department of Energy United States Government Memorandum DATE: March 21, 2008 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-08-08 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-321 (A07LV042) SUBJECT: Audit Report on "Accountability of Sensitive and High Risk Property at the Nevada Site Office" TO: Acting Manager, Nevada Site Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE and control over sensitive and high risk property because of the vulnerability to loss, theft or misuse and its potential impact on national security interests or proliferation concerns. Items such as portable and desktop computers, ammunition. and firearms are examples of sensitive property. In addition, federal regulations require that Departmental organizations and designated contractors account for and control govemroent-owned high risk property, such as body armor and gas masks,
United States Government DATE:
5oE(E;,8 ' 0 H .2+ L-1 5oE(E;,8 ' 0 H .2+ L-1 United States Government DATE: MAR 0 8 1994 REPLY TO AlTN OF: EM-421 (W. A. Williams, 903-8149) SUBJECT: Authority Determination -- Former Herring-Hall-Marvin Safe Co., Hamilton, Ohio TO: The File The attached review documents the basis for determining whether the Department of Energy (DOE) has authority for taking remedial action at the former Herring-Hall-Marvin Safe Co. facility in Hamilton, Ohio, under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). The facility was used for the shaping and machining of uranium metal by the Manhattan Engineer District (MED) during the Second World War. The following factors are significant in reaching a decision and are discussed in more detail in the attached authority review:
D;il$;,8 p! A . I I& - ' D;il$;,8 p! A . I I& - ' z United States Government &mtrne&' of Energy DATE: &uG 3, 9 394 REPLY TO AITN OF: EH-421 (W. A. Williams, 427-1719) SUBJECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program To' The File In 1990, with the assistance of Mr. Doug Toukay and Ms. Michelle Landis, I reviewed a number of sites that had formerly provided goods and/or services to the Fernald facility as subcontractors. For 24 of.these sites, recommdations were made to eliminate them from further consideration under Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more formal record of the decision on these sites and to ratify and confirm the
Unite2 States Government
+39J +39J t% (3740~ - Unite2 States Government m e m o randuin L3 DATE: AU6 3, 9 %g4 REPLY TO All-N OF: m -421 (U. A. W illiams, 427-1719) -. - >' SUBJECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program To' The File In 1990, with the assistance of Hr. Doug Toukay and Ms. M ichelle Landis, I reviewed a number of sites that had formerly provided goods and/or services to the Fernald facility as subcontractors. For 24 of.these sites, recouwndations were made to eliminate them from further consideration under Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more formal record of the decision on these sites and to ratify and confirm the
LICE F 137: r.e Electr LICE F 137: r.e Electr onic Form App roved by CllR - 1010fJI2002 i/JI~~I United States Government Department of Energy Bonneville Power Admi istration memorandum DATE : REPLY TO AnN OF : KEPR-4 SUBJECT: Environmental Clearance Memorandum TO: Stephen Duncan Project Manager - TERS-3 Proposed Action: Removal of de-stabilized and downed trees resulting from a December 200 8 wind storm on the de-energized Lyons Ultra High Voltage Test Line NO.1. PP&A Project No.: PP&A 1309 Budget Information: Work Order # 184006 Categorical Exclusion Applied (from Subpart 0, 10 C.F.R. Part 1021): B 1.3 Routine maintenance/custodial services for buildings, structures, infrastructures, equipment. Location: Fee-owned ROW on the de-energized Lyons UHV Te st Line No .1 to the south of
B.89) B.89) EFO (07-90) United States Government Department of Energ Memorandum SEP 24 20t DATE: REPLY TO: IG-34 (A04TG032) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-04-21 SUBJECT: Evaluation of "The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Cyber Security Program - 2004" TO: Chairman, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission The purpose of this report is to inform you of the results of our annual evaluation of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's unclassified cyber security program. This evaluation was initiated in June 2004 and our field work was conducted through September 2004. The evaluation methodology is described in the attachment to this report. Introduction and Objective The Commission's increasing reliance on information technology (IT) is consistent with satisfying the President's Management Agenda initiative of expanding electronic
/18/04 THU 11:31 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG -- /18/04 THU 11:31 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG -- + HQ 1002 DOE F 1325.8 (08-93) United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum DATE: March 17, 2004 Audit Report No. OAS-L-04-1 1 REPLY TO IG-36 (A04DN003) ATTN OF: SUBJECT; Audit of "Requests for Equitable Adjustment at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site" TO: Frazer R. Lockhart, Manager, Rocky Flats Project Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Effective February 1, 2000, the Department of Energy's (Department) Rocky Flats Project Office (RFPO) and Kaiser-Hill Co., LLC (Kaiser-Hill), entered into a cost- plus-incentive-fee contract to close the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (Rocky Flats) by December 15, 2006. Under the contract terms, Kaiser-Hlill's final incentive fee earned will be based on how well it meets established cost targets. For
. . . .... ...... ..... .. . .. . . .. . , . . . . ..- - --. -- -. , . . DOEF 1325,8 (08.93) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: August 13, 2007 1 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-07-21 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-32 (A06PR047) SUBJECT: Audit of Executive Compensation at Selected National Nuclear Security Administration Sites TO: Director, Policy and Internal Controls Management, NA-66 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE As part of a Department of Energy-wide audit of executive compensation, we reviewed fourN* Lti nai-.AL 4 ... :.. ,._*i Amiinistration (NiNSA)SsitCe. Speuiiiu-~l we reviewed executive cormpeisation costs incurred and claimed for Fiscal Years 2003, 2004, and 2005 at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Sandia National Laboratories, and the Y-12
4 DOE F 1325.8 (08-93) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: April 23, 2004 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-04-16 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-35 (A04YT023) SUBJECT: Audit Report on "Modernization Activities at the Y-12 National Security Complex" TO: Richard Speidel, Director, Policy and Internal Controls Management, NA-66 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE As part of the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) nuclear weapons complex, the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) performs critical roles in strengthening national security and reducing the global threat from weapons of mass destruction. The Y-12 modernization plan (plan) seeks to foster the development of a physical plant that is efficient and effective in serving its national security missions. The
. United States Government
,:n5.5.8 ,:n5.5.8 ,849, EfG pw, . United States Government DATE: AUG 2 i994 y#J;; EM-421 (W. A. Williams, 427-1719) sUBJECT: -Elimination of the Robbins & Myers Site, Springfield, Ohio 11179 I The File TO: I have reviewed the attached elimination recommendation and the original historical records for the Myers & Robbins facility in Springfield, Ohio. I have determined that there is little likelihood of radioactive contamination at these sites. The only record of activity at this site by Department of Energy predecessors is an equipment test of a pump in March 1975. This test involved limited amounts of radioactive materials and there was a serious effort to decontaminate the equipment at the conclusion of the tests. Based on the above, the Myers & Robbins site in Springfield, Ohio, is
DOE F 1325.8 DOE F 1325.8 E&M&& +\A .wz United States Government Department of Energy DATE: RUG 3, 9 %g4 y;;;; EM-421 (W. A. W illiaas, 427-1719) "; :+ 1 SUBJECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program To' The File In 1990, with the assistance of M r. Doug Tohkay and Ms. M ichelle Landis, I reviewed a number of sites that had formerly provided goods and/or services to the Fernald facility as subcontractors. For 24 of.these sites, recomendations were made to eliminate then from further consideration under Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more formal record of the decision on these sites and to ratify and confirm the
Uniter+ States Government
EFG (07-90) EFG (07-90) Uniter+ States Government ~L.aQ-i; Department of Energy inemorandum DATE: SEP 2 5 1992 REPLY TO Al-fN OF: EM-421 (W. A. W illiams, 903-8149) SUBJECT: Authorization for Remedial Action at the Former Dow Chemical Company Facility in M a d ison, Illinois TO: L. Price, OR The site of the Former Dow Chemical Company in M a d ison, Illinois, which is currently owned and operated by the Spectrulite Consortium, is designated for inclusion in the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). This designation is based upon the results of a preliminary radiological survey and other information described in the attached Designation Summary. The authority determination and preliminary survey report also are attached for information. The site has been assigned a low priority under the FUSRAP protocol, as
# Xx i' # Xx i' !325 8 I c&egJw, i&l d, 4 -1 United States Government Department of Energy DATE; AUG 3, 9 !gg4 I REPLYTo m-421 (W. A. Williams, 427-1719) sy I AlTN OF: SUBJECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program To' The File In 1990, with the assistance of Mr. Doug Tonkay and Ms. Nichelle Landis, I reviewed a number of sites that had formerly provided goods a&/or services to the Fernald facility as subcontractors. For 24 of these sites, recoumendations were made to eliminate them from further consideration under Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more
EFS (07-W EFS (07-W United States Government memorandukn Department of Energy j ; I.-- ' -i;: /J DATE: j.gjG 2 9 1994 REPLY TO En-421 (W. A. Williams, 427-1719) AlTN OF: h p)\;--/ ;,;' J ( SUBJECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program To' The File In 1990, with the assistance of Ur. Doug Tonkay and Us. Michelle Landis, I reviewed a number of sites that had formerly provided goods and/or services to the Fernald facility as subcontractors. For 24 of.these sites, recoPraendations were made to eliminate them from further consideration under Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more
nUnited States Government Department of Energy Bonneville Power Administration memorandum REPLY TO AnN OF: KEP-4 SUBJECT: Environmental Clearance Memorandum TO: Robert Macy Project Manager - TELF-TPP-3 Proposed Action: Access road improvement and bridge replacement for the Raver-Paul No. transmission line structure 18/1. Budget Information: Work Order # 00220048 PP&A Project No.: 954 Proposed by: Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Categorical Exclusion Applied (from Subpart D, 10 C.F.R. Part 1021): B1.3, Routine maintenance activities .. .for structures, rights-of-way, infrastructures such as roads, equipment. .. routine maintenance activities, corrective ....are required to
8/16/07 09:15 FAX 301 903 4656 CAPITAL REGION 8/16/07 09:15 FAX 301 903 4656 CAPITAL REGION * 002 DOE F 1325.8 (08-93) Department of Energy United States Government Memorandum DATE: August 15, 2007 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-07-22 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-34 (A06GT006) SUBJECT: Report on "Hazardous Chemicals Inventory Management at the Savannah River Site" TO: Manager, Savannah River Operations Office BACKGROUND The Savannah River Site (Savannah River) maintains large inventories of hazardous chemicals for its scientific, environmental cleanup and production operations. Many of these chemicals are known carcinogens; some are corrosive, while others are highly flammable. As such, these chemicals can pose serious health and safety risks to workers and members of the public, the environment, and to emergency first responders if not properly managed and controlled.
,. United States Government
i. 001 i. 001 DOE F 1325.8 (8-89) EFG (07-90) ,. United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: September 11, 2003 REPLYTO: IG-34 (A03NE045) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-03-20 SUBJECT: Audit of Procurement Administration at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory TO: Director, Office of Management, Budget and Evaluation/Chief Financial Officer, ME-1 The purpose of this report is to inform you of the results of our survey of procurement administration at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Laboratory). This review was initiated in May 2003 and fieldwork was conducted through August 2003. Our review methodology is described in an attachment to this report. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE In Fiscal Year (FY) 2002, the Department of Energy's (Department) management contractors procured approximately $6.4 billion worth of goods and services from
31/07 THU 18:20 FAX 865 241 3897 OIG --- HQ 31/07 THU 18:20 FAX 865 241 3897 OIG --- HQ 00 DOE F 1325.8 (08&93) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: May 31, 2007 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-07-13 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-32 (A07RL048) SUBJECT: Audit of Safety Allegations Related to the Waste Treatment Plant at the Hanford Site TO: Manager, Office of River Protection INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Department of Energy's (Department) Hanford Site is responsible for treating and preparing 53 million gallons of radioactive and chemically hazardous waste for disposal. Bechtel National, Inc. (Bechtel) is designing, building and commissioning the Waste Treatment Plant (Plant), a category II nuclear facility, which is comprised of a complex of treatment facilities to vitrify and immobilize radioactive waste into a
OEF 1325.8 OEF 1325.8 (U8-93) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: April 11, 2007 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-07-I1 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-32 (A07DN056) SUSJECT: Audit of the Department of Energy's Community and Regulatory Support Funding at the Richland Operations Office TO: Manager, Richland Operations Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Department of Energy's (Department) Office of Environmental Management provided $60.1 million in Community and Regulatory Support funding in Fiscal Year (FY) 2005 to a number of Departm- nt sites. The funding is intended to be used for activities indirectly related to nuclear and hazardous waste cleanup, such as agreements with state regulatory agencies and transportation departments. During FY 2005, the Department's Richland
a . a . r-z . "*& ., . .. uoi UA o. --.- flI gj UUX DOE F 1325.8 (08.93) United States Government Department of Ene memorandum DATE: August 19, 2004 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-04-18 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-36 (A03IF009) SUBJECT: Audit of the "Revised Pit 9 Cleanup Project at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory" TO: Paul Golan, Acting Assistant Secretary, Office of Environmental Management INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory's (iNEEL) subsurface disposal area was established in 1952 for disposal of solid radioactive waste and now encompasses an area of approximately 88 acres. Wastes from the INEEL and other Department of Energy (Department) sites, rmost notably Rocky Flats, were buried in
vu & . vu & . ,I / v a L U ; .8 " ',X v &..'*. "o uu V"x Ijo tf J ,*- , , i 4 w i tiJ U U 1 OEF S.a 135 (0B93) United States Government - Department of Energy memorandum DATE: February 27, 2007 REPLY TO Audit Repor Number: OAS-L-07-08 ATTN OF: IG-32 (A06ID015) SUBJECT: Audit of the "Design of the Engineered Barrier System at the Yucca Mountain Site" TO: Principal Deputy Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTrVE In accordance with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, the Department of Energy's (Department) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) is responsible for designing, licensing, constructing, and operating a repository, known as Yucca Mountain, for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level -
F 1325.8 F 1325.8 (08-93) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: August 13, 2007 . . Audit Report Number: OAS-L-07-18 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-32 (A07PR061) SUBJECT: Audit of Executive Compensation at Brookhaven National Laboratory TO: Manager, Brookhaven Site Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE As part of a Department of Energy-wide audit of executive compensation, we reviewed executive compensation at the Office of Science's Brookhaven National La --- _ .r . . tc. av .... n . Ou audit covered executive cuupoci'A ;is in curred and claimed for Fiscal Years 2003, 2004, and 2005. Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, operated Brookhaven under Department of Energy (Department) contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886. The amount of executive compensation that can be reimbursed to Department
')/06 MON 14:28 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG ')/06 MON 14:28 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG --- HQ 1o001 ,O " F 1325.8 (08-93) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: April 10, 2006 Audit Report No.: OAS-L-06-11 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-32 (A05ID043) SUBJECT: Audit of "Contract Transition Activities at the Idaho Operations Office" TO: Manager, Idaho Operations Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Department of Energy's Idaho Operations Office has ongoing missions focused primarily in the areas of nuclear energy and environmental cleanup. From October 1, 1999 to February 1, 2005, Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC (Bechtel) managed facility operations for both of these missions. In Fiscal Year 2005, two separate contracts began in order to add focus and clarity to each respective mission. First, the Idaho National
-93) -93) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: July 12, 2007 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-07-15 REPLY TO ATnN OF: IG-32 (A07ID055) SUBJECr: Audit of the Idaho National Laboratory Facility Footprint Reduction TO: Manager, Idaho Operations Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTTVE On February 1, 2005, Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) assumed responsibility for managing and operating the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for the Department of Energy (Department) under a new 10 year contract. ThI m.ion for ,the L s to nntance the Nation's energy security by becoming the preeminent, internationally recognized nuclear energy research, development, and demonstration laboratory.. To accomplish this mission, BEA proposed aggressive infrastructure initiatives
United States Government Departmen
7/05 TUE 07:58 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG -** HQ @]002 7/05 TUE 07:58 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG -** HQ @]002 DOE F 1325.8 (08-93) United States Government Departmen of Energy memorandum DATE: December 20, 2005 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-06-03 REPLY TO A1TN OF; IG-36 (A05SR025) SUBJECT: Audit of "Defense Waste Processing Facility Operations at the Savannah River Site" TO: Jeffrey M. Allison, Manager, Savannah River Operations Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Department of Energy's (Department) Savannah River Site stores approximately 36 million gallons of liquid, high-level radioactive waste in 49 underground waste storage tanks. The contents of the waste tanks are broadly characterized as either "sludge waste" or "salt waste". Sludge waste is insoluble and settles to the bottom of a waste tank, beneath a layer of liquid supernate. Salt
* United States Government
-- -- DE;$r,e /q f-j * I3 - I * United States Government memorandum MAY 21 I991 DATE: REPLY TO Al-fN OF: 4ih55YhL Department of Energy JT:,i 5, f&A 0 ' - j4.~, ' -/ jl.a' \ A t -3 __..-_-. EM-421 SUBJECT: Elimination of the American Potash and Chemical Site The File TO: I have reviewed the attached site summary and elimination recommendation for the American Potash and Chemical Company Site in West Hanover, Massachusetts. I have determined that there is little likelihood of radioactive contamination at this site. Based on the above, the American Potash and Chemical Company site is hereby eliminated from further consideration under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program. W. Alexander Williams, PhD Designation and Certification Manager
United States Goveinment
,325.B ,325.B jO8.93) United States Goveinment ~~~rntir-andu~rvi Depr?rtnient of Energy \L, IO' " 1' !ATE:' MAY i o 1995 ,' Kzb9. ":cz$ EM-421 (W.,A. Williams, 301-903-8149) SUBJECT: Records for the West Chicago Site .The File TO: After review.of the available r&rds concerning the former 'Lindsay Light and Chemical.Corhpany site in West Chicago, Illinois. I have determined that it is not necessary to transmit Department of Energy (DOE) records to the municipa,llty to inform public officials of the activities at this ~ site. This site has been licgnsed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for many.years, and the nature of the. rare'earth and thorium production at the site, are well known. Remediation of this faci'lity ii~ being addressed by the current owner, 'the NRC, the U.S; Environmental
; United States Government
Don F 1328.8 Don F 1328.8 . . .449J ' Em wm ; United States Government , % - memorandum L c*m Al.)G 2 9 a34 yz;; EM-421 (If. A. Willlams, 427-1719) lq,iMAL Department of Energy m5 MA, \i& SUBJECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utllized Sites Remedial A&Ion Prograa ' a The File In 1990, with the assistance of Hr. Doug Tonkay and Ms. Htchelle L&is, I reviewed a number of sites that had fomerly provided goods and/or services to the Fernald faclllty as subcontractors. For 24 of.these sites, recoarwndations were ude to eliainate thm from further consideratton under Formerly Utilized Sites Reaedial Actlon Progrm (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or revlewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more
'.... '|le , * f C. '.... '|le , * f C. Office Memorandum · UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT .-- J TO ' Leo Graup, Chief, DATE: September 29, 1958 Property Management Branch rFi0 : M. S. Weinstein Industrial Hygiene Branch, HASL SUBJBT: SURVEY AT HAIST PROPETIY SYMBOL: HSH:MSW. Thisl property was purchased during MED operation and used as a dumping ground for refinery residues generated by Linde Air Products during their period of participation in the refinery operations program. \It 2 consists of 10 acres in addition to a perpetual .ease- ment right to a strip of land, 10 feet wide and 3600 feet long. The area is located in North Tonawanda, New York near the Niagara River. Because of the growth of adjacent industries, this particular piece of property has appreciated in value. During its tenure as responsible property management office, Oak
OOE F 1325.8 OOE F 1325.8 - EFgzk3) United States Government tiemorandum 0 wt;? -J Department of Energy DATE: SEP 2 5 1992 REPLY TO Al-TN OF: EM-421 (W. A. W illiams, 903-8149) SUBJECT: Authorization for Remedial Action at Diamond Magnesium Site in Painesville, Ohio TO: L. Price, OR The former Diamond Magnesium Company site located at 720 Fairport-Nursery Road in Painesville, Ohio, is designated for remedial action under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). The site is owned by Uniroyal Chemical Company and by Lonza Chemical, Incorporated. This designation is based on the results of a radiological survey and conclusions from an authority review as noted in the attached Designation Summary. Copies of the radiological survey reports and the authority
Z&Et,? y-p . c' Z&Et,? y-p . c' )7q/ I cuq,~ United States Government Department of Energy memoranduin I " . : I ;/ ,I DATE: hufi 2 9 1594 \ ' - y:oTFq M-421 (W. A. Ylllius, 427-1719) ' ii Y - SIJWECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utilfzed Sites Remedial Actjon Progru TO The File In 1990, with the assistance of Mr. reviewed a number of sites that had services to the Fernald facility as sites, recommendations were made to ___ _- _ consideration under Formerly Utiltzed Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more formal record of the decision on these sites and to ratify and confirm the prior elimination of each site froa FUSRAP.
DOE F t325.8 DOE F t325.8 (s8s) Dl? l 36-z EFG (07-90) United States Government m e m o randum Department of Energy DATE: LUG 2 ' 3 1394 ",cl,'," EM-421 (W. A. W illiams, 427-1719) SUBJECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program To' The File In 1990, with the assistance of M r. Doug Tonkay and Ms. M ichelle Landis, I reviewed a number of sites that had formerly provided goods and/or services to the Fernald facility as subcontractors. For 24 of these sites, recoamnendations were aade to eliminate them from further consideration under Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more
- United States Government
8 8 my EFG (07.90) . - United States Government . * Department of. Energy * inemorandum DATE: DEC :! ;j 1993 REPLY TO ATTN OF: EM-421 (W.'A. W illiams, 903-8149) : NY 41 I .' 41 G I? SUBJECT: Elimination of the T itanium Alloy Manufacturing Co., Niagara Falls, New York TO: The F ile I have reviewed the attached site. summary and elimination recommendation for the T itanium Alloy Manufacturing Company. I have determined that the potential for radiological contamination is low because of the lim ited duration of the activities at the site. Further, at least some of the contractual activities at the site were licensed under the Atomic Energy Act, and the licensed activities are thereby disqualified from further consideration under the Department of Energy's Formerly Utilized Sites
UOEF 1325.8 UOEF 1325.8 (5831 , - a.. L . . L. . c ,, . . . t ,' <, .* -,. .--1^ a "-2 (J 7 , pe-;L, United States Government memorandum Departmen: of Energy DATEAUG 1 0 1984 REPLY TO Al-fN OF: NE-20 SUBJECT: Action Description Memorandum (ADM) Review: Wayne, New Jersey Proposed 1984 Remedial Actions at TO: File After reviewing all of the pertinent facts including the attached Action Description Memorandum (ADM), I have determined that the remedial action described in the subject ADM is an action which in and of itself will have a clearly insignificant impact on the quality of the human environment within the meaning of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. The Conference Report accompanying the Energy and Water Appropriation Act
I8 891 I8 891 EFG (07.90) United States Government m e m o randum bepartrne% of Energy -P ' ; N. A *I Pi id : DATE: AUG 3, 9 1994 REPLY TO Al-iN OF: EM-421 (W. A. W illiams, 427-1719) r, )' \, ! c ' d, ' t ' 3 ' 2 -L SUBJECT: Elimination of the Sites from the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program To' The File In 1990, with the assistance of M r. Doug Tonlsay and Ms. M ichelle Landis, I reviewed a nmber of sites that had formerly provided goods and/or services to the Fernald facility as subcontractors. For 24 of.these sites, recommdations were made to eliminate them from further consideration under Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more
81278 81278 United States Government Department of Energy memorandum - ?71 S.EP 23 F; i: 54 DATE: SEP 1 8 1991 REPLY TO ATTNOF: EM-421 (P. Blom, 3-8148) SUBJECT: Approved Categorical Exclusion for Removal Actions at Elza Gate, Tennessee TO: Lester K. Price, OR Attached is a copy of the approved Categorical Exclusion (CX) for removal of contaminated material at the Elza Gate site in Tennessee. The removal action involves the removal of radioactive contaminated soil and concrete as well as the removal of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) contaminated soil. This CX was approved by Carol Borgstrom, Office of National Environmental Policy Act Oversight (EH-25), September 9, 1991. Paul F. Blom Off-Site Branch Division of Eastern Area Programs Office of Environmental Restoration
D;F&g,8 C-r-I 3-3 D;F&g,8 C-r-I 3-3 .*. United States Government . memorandum DATE: JUNZO 1994 -... REPLY TO A?TN OF: EM-421 (W. A. Williams, 903-8149) Authority Determination -- Combustion Engineering Site, Windsor, SUBJECT: Connecticut To' The File The attached review, documents the basis for determining whether the Department of Energy (DOE) has authority for taking remedial action at the Combustion Engineering (CE) Site in Windsor, Connecticut, under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program. CE was a prime contractor for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and performed high-enriched uranium fuel fabrication work from 1955 to 1967. The services furnished at the CE site included some experimental work; however, it primarily consisted of fabrication of high-enriched uranium
DOEF1325.8 P4 0 * 1 - 1 DOEF1325.8 P4 0 * 1 - 1 - Iq \ b- United States Government memorandum pJ .T\ \b Department of Energy DATE: OCT 9 1984 REPLY TO NE-20 All-N OF: .- Authorizations for Actions Under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action SUBJECT: Program (FUSRAP) at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site, St. Louis, MO. and the W. R. Grace Site at Curtis Bay, Md. To: J. LaGrone, Manager Oak Ridge Operations Office St. Louis Airport Storage Site, MO The House and Senate Reports for the Energy and Water Development Appropriation Act (P.L. 98-360) directed the Department of Energy "...to take the necessary steps to consolidate and dispose of the waste material from the Latty Avenue site and nearby St. Louis Airport vicinity properties locally, by reacquiring, stabilizing, and using the old 21.7
ooc F r325.8 ooc F r325.8 imo, EFO ,ww United States Government memorandum Department of Energy -fw?w 81ua DATE: FEB 1 5 1991 l+Ks6 sUsJECT: Elimination of the Buflovak Company Site from FUSRAP ho: The File I have reiiewed the attached preliminary site summary and recommendation for the Buflovak Company site in Buffalo, New York. I have determined that there is little likelihood of contamination at this site. Based on the above, the Buflovak Company site is hereby eliminated from further consideration under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program. W. Alexander Williams Designation and Certification Manager Off-Site Branch Division of Eastern Area Programs Office of Environmental Restoration Attachment - I . b e e : W e s to n E M - 4 0 ( 3 ) E M - 4 2 ( 2 ) W illiams r
United States Attorney General
93, 5 U.S. Op. Off. Legal Counsel 1, 1981 WL 30865 (U.S.A.G.) 93, 5 U.S. Op. Off. Legal Counsel 1, 1981 WL 30865 (U.S.A.G.) United States Attorney General ***1 *293 January 16, 1981 **1 The President The White House Washington, D.C. 20500 MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: You have asked my opinion concerning the scope of currently existing legal and constitutional authorities for the continuance of government functions during a temporary lapse in appropriations, such as the Government sustained on October 1, 1980. As you know, some initial determination concerning the extent of these authorities had to be made in the waning hours of the last fiscal year in order to avoid extreme administrative confusion that might have arisen from Congress' failure timely to enact 11 of the 13 anticipated regular appropriations bills, FN;B1[FN1]FN;F1 or a
3/02 TUE 08:59 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG *-* HQ 00o2 3/02 TUE 08:59 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG *-* HQ 00o2 DOE F 132,.8 W.I: ((07.9u) United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum DATE: December 2, 2002 REPLY TO REPLY TO -36 (A02SR013) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-03-07 ATTN OF: SUBJECT: Audit of Subcontracting Practices at the Savannah River Site TO: Jeffrey M. Allison, Acting Manager, Savannah River Operations Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Department of Energy (Department) has contracted with Westinghouse Savannah River Company, LLC (Westinghouse) to manage and operate the Savannah River Site (Savannah River) through September 30, 2006. As of August 2, 2002, Westinghouse had 534 open and active service procurements worth $100,000 or more each, with a total value of about $518 million, that it had awarded since October 1996.
United States Goverment
6/03 15:37 FAX 301 903 4656 _ CAPITAL REGION * FORS FIVEA 91002/004 6/03 15:37 FAX 301 903 4656 _ CAPITAL REGION * FORS FIVEA 91002/004 DOE-F 1325.8 (68-93) Depament of Energy United States Goverment Department of Energy Memorandum OFFICE OF .NSPECTOR GENERAL DATE: February 26, 2003 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-34 (A02CG004) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-03-11 SUBJECT: Audit of the Office of Science Infrastructure Modernization Initiatives TO: Acting Associate Director, Office of Laboratory Operations and Environment, Safety and Health, SC-80 The purpose of this report is to inform you of the results of our audit of the Office of Science's infrastructure modernization initiatives. The audit was performed between May and September 2002 at Departmental Headquarters, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Argonne National Laboratory. The audit methodology is described in
. v-w. . v-w. ' ;H; (07.901 United States Government 0' ; Td 2, <.<~ Department of Energy ' m e m o randum DATE: REPLY TO Al-TN OF: EM-421 (W. A. W illiams, 903-8149) SUBJECT: Authorization for Remedial Action at Alba Craft Laboratory in Oxford, Ohio L. Price, OR TO: The former Alba Craft Laboratory site at lo-14 West Rose Avenue, Oxford, Ohio, is designated for remedial action under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). Dr. and M rs. Gilbert Pacey, of Oxford, Ohio, own the site. This designation is based on the results of a radiological survey and conclusions from an authority review as noted in the attached Designation Summary. Copies of the radiological survey letter report and the authority review are provided for your information.
Ojice Memornndz~nz 0 Ojice Memornndz~nz 0 UNITED STATES GOVERKMENT By application dated ;!ay 11, 1959, as a~zen:ii:d Hay 25, 1959, the a--T+- I-r-- cant requests that its license SW-33 be amend,ed to authorizt? proced- ures for t>e CCLl-ect conversion of LT6 to '3$ and by applicaticn datzci June 29, 1959, a.3 n:odifizd July 15, 1059, the shipment of uranium rdioxide pellets. Based on our rexiew of the information finished by the applicant, it is hereby determined that the applicant is qualified, by training and experience, to use special nuclear material for the pwpose requested and that the ap@icant's procedures, facilities and equip- ment are adequate to protect health and minimize danger to life and property. It is, therefore, determined that ~NM-33 may be amended to
ocy F 1325.8 ocy F 1325.8 rcro1 . 6Fo0?-001 w 2 3-q United States Government Department of Energ) ~mc DATE: AUG 3,9 1994 y$Jf EH-421 (W. A. Yllliams, 427-1719) MA. \tQ SUBJECT: _ Elirinrtion of the Sites froa the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program TQ The File In 1990, with the assistance of Hr. Doug Tonkay and Hr. Nlchelle Landis, I reviewed a number of sites that had fomerly provided goods and/or services to the Fernald facility as subcontractors. For 24 of.these sites, recomendations were made to eliminate them from further consideration under Forwrly Utilized Sites Remedial A&Ion Program (FUSRAP). In each case, I made or reviewed the evaluation, and, in each case, a handwritten evaluation was prepared. This is to provide a more formal record of the decision on these sites l hd to ratify and confim the
:)£ F 13 :)£ F 13 ;' 5 H e Etectroou: Form Approved by CGJR - 01120195 (n·/w! United States Government Department of Energy Bonneville Power Administration memorandum DATE: 0 I. 7 20D 9 REPLY TO AnN OF: KEP-4 SUBJECT: Environmental Clearance Memorandum TO : Robert Macy Project Manager - TELF-TPP-3 Proposed Action: Perform routine access road maintenance to the Rockdale Microwave site . Budget Information: Work Order #180709 PP&A Project No.: 1389 Categorical Exclusions Applied (from Subpart D, 10 C.F.R. Part 1021): B1.3, Routine maintenance activities .. .for structures, rights-of-way, infrastructures such as roads, equipment. .. routine maintenance activities, corrective .... are required to maintain ... infrastructures . ..in a condition suitable for a facility to be used for its designed purpose.
DOE:F 1325.8 7 DOE:F 1325.8 7 (08-93) United States Government Department of Energy memorandum DATE: April 10, 2006 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-32 (A05AL045) Audit Report Number: OAS-L-06-12 SUBJECT: Audit of Sandia National Laboratories' Safeguards and Security Path Forward Management Plan TO: Associate Administrator for Defense Nuclear Security INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE From 2001 to 2003, approximately 500 security-related findings and observations were identified at Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) by the Department of Energy's Office of Independent Oversight and Performance Assurance (OA), the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) Sandia Site Office (SSO), and Sandia's self assessments. Sandia senior management acknowledged the significance of the numerous findings and, in
Department of Energy United States Government Memorandum DATE: January 26, 2007 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-07-05 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-34 (A06GT035) SUBJECT: Report on "The Department of Energy's Implementation of Revised OMB Circular No. A-123" TO: Acting Chief Financial Officer, CF-1 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Office of Management arid Budget's (OMB) revised Circular No. A-123 (Circular) requires Federal agencies to assess the adequacy of their internal controls. Beginning in Fiscal Year (FY) 2006, the Circular requires agencies to strengthen their assessment, documentation and testing of internal controls over financial reporting and prepare an annual assurance statement on the operating effectiveness of those controls. In August 2005, the Department of Energy's
w w f.b wr w f k--w .^^- - w w f.b wr w f k--w .^^- - - r - T- - * -* p -ldt - f f - - -J -vv- A n JV DOE F 1325.8 (08-93) United States Government ------- Department of Energy memorandum DATE: June 15, 2006 REPLY TO Audit Report Number: OAS-L-06-15 ATTN OF: IG-32 (A05SR029) SUBJECT Audit of "Storage Capacity of the Iligh Level Waste Tanks at the Savannah River TO: Manager, Savannah River Operations Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Savannah River Site in South Carolina currently stores about 36 million gallons of waste in 49 active underground storag,* .ks. Twenty-two of these .anks do not meet Environmcntal Protection A&-.y (EPA) requirements ybr full secondary containment and must be emptied and closed by 2022 in accordance with a closure schedule approved by the EPA and the 5oith Carolina Department
0/02 WED 09:58 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG 0/02 WED 09:58 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG -.- +-+ HQ ]002 rFG (07-;1) United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum DATE: October 29, 2002 REPLY TO 1G-36 (A02DN028) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-03-01 ATTN OF; SUBJECT: Audit of Procurement at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site TO: Eugene Schmitt, Manager, Rocky Flats Field Office ' INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Department of Energy (Department) and its site contractor, Kaiser-Hill Company, LLC (Kaiser-Hill), contracted in January 2000 to close the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (Rocky Flats) by a target date of December'15, 2006. As of May 2002, Kaiser-Hill had awarded 784 procurements worth more than $25,000 each, with a total value of about $368.6 million, to support the complex activities required for site closure.
uV,./ J.r./ i L .. * i. uV,./ J.r./ i L .. * i. 0 r '± J o ,. NL . Jurt -. rur.mO rI[ V Jg, ]VJUU"/UU4 DOE F 1325.8 (08-93) United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL DATE: January 10, 2006 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-34 (A06GT029) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-06-06 SUBJECT: Review of the Independent Auditor's Report on The Institute for Genomic Research for the Year Ending December 31, 2004 * TO: Manager, Chicago Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Institute for Genomic Research (Institute) in Rockville, Maryland is a not-for- profit center that studies areas such as plant, microbial and mammalian genomics. The Institute receives funding from seven Federal agencies to advance its research and development. As required by the Office of Management and Budget (0MB)
Operating Reserves and Variable Generation
This report tries to first generalize the requirements of the power system as it relates to the needs of operating reserves. It also includes a survey of operating reserves and how they are managed internationally in system operations today and then how new studies and research are proposing they may be managed in the future with higher penetrations of variable generation.
Ela, E.; Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.
Length�Evolution from Measurement Standard to a ...
... measurements. References. [1] HG Jarrard, DB McNeill, A Dictionary of Scientific Units, Chapman and Hall, 1964, p. 85. ...
Underwater measuring gage
A device for remotely measuring the diameter of wire rope. The device includes a linear variable differential tansducer, a mechanism to guide and clamp the rope in relation to the anvil of the transducer, an elongated handle for manually manipulating the transducer and the guide and clamp mechanism.
Lockhart, James L. (Pocatello, ID)
The Future of Commercial and Military Measurements ...
... base units so that one can accurately measure electricity, chemical concentration ... institute realizes the definitions of the various basic and derived ...
all of the direct solar radiation (that originating from thea suitable site for solar radiation measurements. A requestused to estimate the solar radiation per unit wavelength at
Grether, D.F.
Accurate Characteristic Impedance Measurement on Silicon
... The resistance R per unit length of a transmission line can be determined from the lines' measured characteristic impedance Z and propagation ...
Heart Rate Variability in Mice with Coronary Heart Disease
Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat fluctuation of the heart rate, is a noninvasive test that measures the autonomic regulation of the heart. Assessment of HRV has been shown to predict the risk of mortality in patients after an acute myocardial infarction. Recently, the Krieger lab at MIT developed genetically engineered double knockout (dKO) mice that develop coronary artery disease accompanied by spontaneous myocardial infarctions and die at a very young age. This thesis investigated whether HRV could function as a prognostic indicator in the dKO mouse. A novel method for estimating physiological state of the mouse from the electrocardiogram using an innovative activity index was developed in order to compare HRV variables at different times while controlling for physiologic state. Traditional time and frequency domain variables were used to assess the prognostic power of HRV. Results have shown that none of the HRV variables were helpful in predicting
Laurence Zapanta; Roger G. Mark
Summary of QM02 Measurements
This note summarizes both the beam-based and various laboratory measurements of quadrupole magnets, units 387 and 428, used for QM02 in the LCLS Injector. These were undertaken because of a consistent discrepancy between accelerator model predictions and beam observations which seemed to indicate a weak QM02. A report 'QM02 Strength Measurement', by Welch and Wu, describes the discrepancy and beam-based measurements on unit 387. Subsequently, unit 387 was replaced by unit 428, refinements were made to analysis of the beam-based measurements were made, and additional magnetic measurements were made on unit 387 in the lab. These new results are summarized in this note. The principle results are: (1) Laboratory measurements of integrated gradient for the same magnet, or for different magnets of the same type, are all within 1% of each other at gradients of interest. These cases cover three independent types of measurements, disassembly/reassembly of the units, and extended periods of time between measurements. (2) Standardization, or lack thereof, can cause integrated gradient errors of approximately 0.2 kG, which can amount to a few percent of the strength of the magnet depending on the setting. (3) Model-independent beam-based measurements indicate the magnets are actually weaker than expected by about 2 percent, but these measurements are subject to the uncertainty of the BPMS1 location. (4) The standardization cycle is effective. (5) The stainless steel BPM vacuum chamber inside the magnets has no significant effect on the beam. The discrepancy between the accelerator model predictions and the actual orbit response is not resolved, but the evidence points away from magnetic strength errors as the source. Differences between the model locations and effective locations of BPM's is a possible culprit. This idea is explored in Section 2. Table 1 summarizes the measurement activities that were performed on the units. The dates listed correspond to the date when the relevent series of runs was completed.
Fisher, Andrew
uq/Uu.3/uo U-L:i ' rAA OuL a uo oUu. 0tri.l± i m,.i,*, u". run.' r.yrcir V e.u uq/Uu.3/uo U-L:i ' rAA OuL a uo oUu. 0tri.l± i m,.i,*, u". run.' r.yrcir V e.u O000DOE F 1325.8 (08-93) Department of Energy United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL DATE: March 31,2006 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-34 (A05TG028) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-06-10 SUBJECT: Report on Audit of "The Department's Information Technology Capital Planning and Investment Control Process" TO: Chief Information Officer, IM-1 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Federal guidance requires that Agencies develop and implement capital planning and investment control (CPIC) processes to help ensure that their major information technology investments achieve intended outcomes, represent the best allocation of resources, and reach strategic goals and objectives. The Department of Energy
2/04 THU 14:52 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG -**- HQ l015 2/04 THU 14:52 FAX 423 241 3897 OIG -**- HQ l015 ol: Fi 13 5.8 (8-09) £1*G (in'mi^)) United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum DATE: April. 22, 2004 REPLY TO ATTN OF: T -36 (A04RL018) Audit Report No.: OAS-L-04-15 SUBJECT: Audit of Disposition of Excess Facilities at the Hanford Site TO: Keith A. Klein, Manager, Richland Operations Office INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Hanford Site (Hanford) is the largest of the three original defense production sites founded during World War II. Between 1943 and 1963, nine plutonium production reactors were built along the Columbia River and five processing facilities were built on the site's Central Plateau, with about 1,000 support facilities. Currently, Hanford has a total of 1,500 facilities of which an estimated 1,000 are excess to current and future mission
UO/J±0ou4 TcdJ ± O:S'. Aa. ou* o *.I. I 01j ' . UO/J±0ou4 TcdJ ± O:S'. Aa. ou* o *.I. I 01j ' . - - 00E F 1325,8 (08-93) United States Goverment Department of Energy memorandum DATE: August 13, 2007 Audit Report Number: OAS-L-07-19 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-32 (A07PR059) SUBJECT: Audit of Executive Compensation at Selected Office of Science Sites TO: Chief Operating, Officer, Office of Science INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE As part of a Department of Energy-wide audit of executive compensation, we reviewed seven Office of Science sites. Specifically, we reviewed executive compensation costs incurred ~,r claim~.- fr- F".*l*- Y. rs 2003, 2 , and 2005 at - Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne), Brookhaven National Laboratory (Brookhaven), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Princeton Plasma Physics
1/03 07:45 FAX 301 903 4656 CAPITAL REGION -* FORS FIVEA I002/004 1/03 07:45 FAX 301 903 4656 CAPITAL REGION -* FORS FIVEA I002/004 DOE F 1325 ' (8-69) EFO (07-90) United States Government Department of Eneray memorandum DATE: PR17 2003 Audit Report No.: OAS-L-03-14 REPLY TO ATTN OF: IG-34 (A03PT040) SUBJECT: Audit of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's (EE) Grants, Subsidies, and Cost Sharing Arrangements TO: Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, EE-1 The purpose of this report is to inform you of the results of our review of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's (EE) incentive payments and cost-share arrangements. The review was initiated in February 2003, and fieldwork was conducted through April 2003 at Department of Energy (Department) Headquarters. Our methodology is described in the attachment to this report.
Solar heating unit
A solar heating unit is disclosed for disposition exteriorly of a building window for heating the air within the space interiorly of the window embodying a casing with a transverse divider for creating a rear passage and a front passage which are in communication in their lower portions. The upper end of the rear passage connects with the forward end of a rearwardly extending lower duct having a cool air inlet at the rearward end thereof. The upper end of the front passage connects with the forward end of an upper duct progressing rearwardly above the lower duct and with there being a warm air outlet at the rearward extremity thereof. A heat exchanger is disposed within the front passage for impingement thereon of solar radiation passing through a transparent panel defining the front of said casing. A thermal responsive closure is provided at the upper end of said front passage for closing same when the temperature within the front passage has descended to a predetermined level.
Grisbrook, R.B.
i' i' Second United Nations t Jnternational Conference 1 , of Atomic Energy on the Peaceful Uses 4 i \ Confidential until official release during Conference ORIGINAL: ENGLISH METHODS O F PARTICLE DETECTION FOR HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS t * H. B r a d n e r and D. A. Glaser - INTRODUCTION J 1 % c Recent advances in our knowledge of t h e phenomena of high-energy physics and o'f the e l e m e n t a r y p a r t i c l e s h a s r e s u l t e d f r o m rapid advances in the technology of p a r t i c l e a c c e l e r a t o r s and the art of p a r t i c l e detection. cl'asses: (1) the "track-imaging" device in which one s e e s o r photographs t r a c k s which coincide with the a c t u a l path taken by the p a r t i c l e s , and ( 2 ) counting d e - v i c e s which give only an indication that the p a r t i c l e s p a s s somewhere in the
Total U.S. Housing Units.................................
Housing Units (millions) Single-Family Units Apartments in Buildings With-- Space Heating Usage Indicators Million U.S. Housing Units Detached Attached Energy Information...
Maximal Reliability for Unit-weighted Composites
Maximal Reliability for Unit-weighted Composites Peter M.Maximal Reliability for Unit-weighted Composites Althoughconsistency coefficient for a unit-weighted composite. The
Peter M. Bentler
Collaborative Unit Construction in Korean: Pivot Turns
A. (1996). Interactional units in conversation: Syntactic,M. (2000). The construction of units in conversational talk.character of grammatical units in conversation: Conditional
Ju, Hee
Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism in Observation Unit Patients
department observation unit. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2001;ED) managed acute care unit on ED overcrowding and emergencyof a chest pain observation unit compared with routine care.
Limkakeng, Alexander T.; Glickman, Seth W; Cairns, Charles B; Chandra, Abhinav
Massive Variability Surveys from Venezuela
At the Venezuela National Astronomical Observatory we are carrying out variability surveys spanning many hundreds of square degrees near the celestial equator, using an 8k x 8k CCD Mosaic Camera optimized for drift-scanning on a 1m Schmidt telescope. Among the initial efforts was a project to obtain the first moderately deep, homogeneous sample of young stars over an area of ? 180sqr.deg. encompassing the entire Orion OB1 association, one of the nearest and most active regions of star formation. The results show that variability is a powerful technique to identify pre-main sequence populations, specially in sparse areas devoid of gas and dust. We are currently developing a massive database, equipped with web-based data mining tools, that will make our data and results available to the astronomical community. 1.
C. D. Impey; C. E. Petry; C�sar Brice�o
At the Venezuela National Astronomical Observatory we are carrying out variability surveys spanning many hundreds of square degrees near the celestial equator, using an 8k x 8k CCD Mosaic Camera optimized for drift-scanning on a 1m Schmidt telescope. Among the initial efforts was a project to obtain the first moderately deep, homogeneous sample of young stars over an area of ~180sqr.deg. encompassing the entire Orion OB1 association, one of the nearest and most active regions of star formation. The results show that variability is a powerful technique to identify pre-main sequence populations, specially in sparse areas devoid of gas and dust. We are currently developing a massive database, equipped with web-based data mining tools, that will make our data and results available to the astronomical community.
Brice�o, C
Cesar Briceno
Measurement Errors and Outliers in Seasonal Unit Root Testing
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Haldrup, Niels Prof.; Montanes, Antonio; Sans�, Andreu
Measuring Energy Security: Can the United States Achieve Oil Independence?
Stochasticsimulationofthedirecteconomiccostsofoildependenceinanuncertainfutureisproposed as ausefulmetricofoildependence.Themarketfailurefromwhichthesecostsariseisimperfect competitionintheworldoilmarket,chieflyasaconsequenceoftheuseofmarketpowerbythe OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries(OPEC)cartel.Oildependencecostscanbe substantial.ItisestimatedthatoildependencecoststotheUSeconomyin2008willexceed$500 billion.Othercosts,suchasmilitaryexpendituresorforeignpolicyconstraintsaredeemedtobelargely derivativeoftheactualorpotentialeconomiccostsofoildependence.Theuseofquantifiableeconomic costs asasecuritymetricleadstoameasurabledefinitionofoilindependence,oroilsecurity,whichcan be usedtotesttheabilityofspecificpoliciestoachieveoilindependenceinanuncertainfuture.
Greene, David L [ORNL
Lecture 2227 Continuous Random Variables
-x/100 dx = -e-x/100 100 0 = 1 - e-1 = .632 text typo Example 3 (Light Bulb): The lifetime X, in hours, of a certain kind of light bulb is a continuous random variable with density f(x) = 1500 x2 I(1500,) Check = 1 4 = p Let B denote the number of failures before 2000 hours among 5 light bulbs. Then P(B 1) = P
Scholz, Fritz
) = 100 0 1 100 e-x/100 dx = -e-x/100 100 0 = 1 - e-1 = .632 text typo Example 3 (Light Bulb): The lifetime X, in hours, of a certain kind of light bulb is a continuous random variable with density f 2000 1500 = 1 - 3 4 = 1 4 = p Let B denote the number of failures before 2000 hours among 5 light bulbs
Ultrasonic Transducers and Search Units
Table 2 Primary applications of ultrasonic search units...tears, seams, cracks Castings�??slag, porosity, cold shuts, tears, shrinkage cracks,
OpenEI - United Nations
http:en.openei.orgdatasetstaxonomyterm5810 en Overview of the United Nations Environment Programme's Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) Project http:...
Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps for Commercial Buildings
Multi-split heat pumps have evolved from a technology suitable for residential and light commercial buildings to variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems that can provide efficient space conditioning for large commercial buildings. VRF systems are enhanced versions of ductless multi-split systems, permitting more indoor units to be connected to each outdoor unit and providing additional features such as simultaneous heating and cooling and heat recovery. VRF systems are very popular in Asia and Europe and...
Coherent State Distinguishability in Continuous Variable Quantum Cryptography
We use the probability of error as a measure of distinguishability between two pure and two mixed symmetric coherent states in the context of continuous variable quantum cryptography. We show that the two mixed symmetric coherent states (in which the various components have the same real part) never give an eavesdropper more information than two pure coherent states.
Christian Weedbrook; Mile Gu; Andrew M. Lance; Thomas Symul; Ping Koy Lam; Timothy C. Ralph
3 Household Characteristics by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Owner-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Owner-Occupied Housing Unit"...
An Innovative Method for Dynamic Characterization of Fan Filter Unit Operation.
transformer, and additional accessories attached to the unit. 6.5 Ambient conditionstransformer when applicable. Total electric power demand can be measured and characterized for any operable condition -
Xu, Tengfang
NIST: Hydrocarbons - Special Units, ... and Useful Conv. ...
5. Special Units, Fundamental Constants, and Useful Conversion Factors. 5.a. Special Units. ... 5.b. Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors. ...
International System of Units from NIST
... Background Definitions of the SI base units and their historical context International aspects of the SI Unit conversions. Bibliography ...
A Real-Time Gridded Crop Model for Assessing Spatial Drought Stress on Crops in the Southeastern United States
The severity of drought has many implications for society. Its impacts on rain-fed agriculture are especially direct, however. The southeastern United States, with substantial rain-fed agriculture and large variability in growing-season ...
Richard T. McNider; John R. Christy; Don Moss; Kevin Doty; Cameron Handyside; Ashutosh Limaye; Axel Garcia y Garcia; Gerrit Hoogenboom
Identification and characterization of Hydraulic Flow Units in the San Juan Formation, Orocual Field, Venezuela
This thesis focuses on the integration of core and well log data in order to provide a petrophysical characterization of the Hydraulic Flow Units (HFU) in the San Juan Formation, Orocual Field, Venezuela. We used three separate approaches to correlate/ integrate these data from Orocual Field. The first method uses the concept of Hydraulic Flow Units (HFU). The second method uses non-parametric transformation and regression, and the third method estimates permeability using polynomial and power law-type functions. We provide a comparison of these methods - and we believe that the HFU and non-parametric regression techniques give the most representative results. In this study we have core data for four wells and well log data for sixteen wells. The core permeability data were adjusted (in this work) to compensate for the Klinkenberg effect (a low pressure gas flow phenomena) and to relate porosity and permeability from laboratory to in-situ (net overburden stress) conditions. To model the stress correction we use the original reservoir pressure of 7470 psia and a two-point stress model. For well logs, we use a quality control method based on depth shift, depth match, environmental corrections, and core-log correlation. Finally, core permeability data were correlated to multiple well log suites (density, neutron, gamma ray, and resistivity). The HFU concept provides a deterministic approach for combining the geological attributes with available petrophysical data to delineate the reservoir into "units" of similar fluid flow characteristics. The HFU method does not presume a relationship between variables. The non-parametric regression/transform technique is based on using variable transformations to generate relationship between dependent and independent variables. This iterative, non-parametric procedure is called the Alternating Conditional Expectation (or ACE) method. Additional deterministic models based on polynomial, power law, and modified power law relations are also used to estimate permeability. The methodologies demonstrated in this work can be applied to any reservoir system having a significant population of permeability measurements and well log data.
Deghirmandjian, Odilia
United States Environmental Protection Agency
, University of Salford, Salford, UK. Nigel Langford is in the BNFL Corporate Communication Research Unit, University of Salford, Salford, UK. Richard J. Varey is in the BNFL Corporate Communication Research Unit University Press . ISSN 1356-3289 #12;As organizations grow and segment through specialization, so do zones
MASe UCRL-15037 CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSIONS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
^ . S7l MASe UCRL-15037 CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSIONS: THEORY AND PRACTICE August 1979 Norman H. Beachley Andrew A. Frank College of Engineering University of Wisconsin, Madison n LAWRENCE UVERMORE LABORATORY vmrnm IP T H I S 8ocu«arr ii mmm NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal Uability or responsibility for any third party's use, or the results of such use, of any information, ap- paratus, product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights.
Quantum computation and hidden variables
Many physicists limit oneself to an instrumentalist description of quantum phenomena and ignore the problems of foundation and interpretation of quantum mechanics. This instrumentalist approach results to "specialization barbarism" and mass delusion concerning the problem, how a quantum computer can be made. The idea of quantum computation can be described within the limits of quantum formalism. But in order to understand how this idea can be put into practice one should realize the question: "What could the quantum formalism describe?", in spite of the absence of an universally recognized answer. Only a realization of this question and the undecided problem of quantum foundations allows to see in which quantum systems the superposition and EPR correlation could be expected. Because of the "specialization barbarism" many authors are sure that Bell proved full impossibility of any hidden-variables interpretation. Therefore it is important to emphasize that in reality Bell has restricted to validity limits of the no- hidden-variables proof and has shown that two-state quantum system can be described by hidden variables. The later means that no experimental result obtained on two-state quantum system can prove the existence of superposition and violation of the realism. One should not assume before unambiguous experimental evidence that any two-state quantum system is quantum bit. No experimental evidence of superposition of macroscopically distinct quantum states and of a quantum bit on base of superconductor structure was obtained for the present. Moreover same experimental results can not be described in the limits of the quantum formalism.
V. V. Aristov; A. V. Nikulov
Trends and interannual variability in snowpack and spring season hydroclimatology in the southwestern United States.
??By virtue of its relatively low latitude and already marginal snowpack, especially in Arizona and much of New Mexico, the southwestern U.S. is a compelling� (more)
Keller, Sarah J.
Intra- to Multidecadal Climate Variability over the Continental United States: 1932�99
Trend analysis is used frequently in climate studies, but it is vulnerable to a number of conceptual shortcomings. This analysis of U.S. climate division data uses an alternate approach. The method used here subjects time series of annual average ...
Steven A. Mauget
Method and apparatus for calibrating a linear variable differential transformer
A calibration apparatus for calibrating a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) having an armature positioned in au LVDT armature orifice, and the armature able to move along an axis of movement. The calibration apparatus includes a heating mechanism with an internal chamber, a temperature measuring mechanism for measuring the temperature of the LVDT, a fixture mechanism with an internal chamber for at least partially accepting the LVDT and for securing the LVDT within the heating mechanism internal chamber, a moving mechanism for moving the armature, a position measurement mechanism for measuring the position of the armature, and an output voltage measurement mechanism. A method for calibrating an LVDT, including the steps of: powering the LVDT; heating the LVDT to a desired temperature; measuring the position of the armature with respect to the armature orifice; and measuring the output voltage of the LVDT.
Pokrywka, Robert J. (North Huntingdon, PA)
Method and Appartus for Calibrating a Linear Variable Differential Transformer
A calibration apparatus for calibrating a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) having an armature positioned in au LVDT armature orifice, and the armature able to move along an axis of movement. The calibration apparatus includes a heating mechanism with an internal chamber, a temperature measuring mechanism for measuring the temperature of the LVDT, a fixture mechanism with an internal chamber for at least partially accepting the LVDT and for securing the LVDT within the heating mechanism internal chamber, a moving mechanism for moving the armature, a position measurement mechanism for measuring the position of the armature, and an output voltage measurement mechanism. A method for calibrating an LVDT, including the steps of powering the LVDT; heating the LVDT to a desired temperature; measuring the position of the armature with respect to the armature orifice; and measuring the output voltage of the LVDT.
Pokrywka, Robert J.
United Nations Environment Programme: Global Environment Outlook | Open
Nations Environment Programme: Global Environment Outlook Nations Environment Programme: Global Environment Outlook Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: United Nations Environment Programme: Global Environment Outlook Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Environment Programme Topics: Co-benefits assessment, Policies/deployment programs, Resource assessment, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Dataset, Maps Website: geodata.grid.unep.ch/ United Nations Environment Programme: Global Environment Outlook Screenshot References: UNEP Data[1] Overview "The GEO Data Portal is the authoritative source for data sets used by UNEP and its partners in the Global Environment Outlook (GEO) report and other integrated environment assessments. Its online database holds more than 500 different variables, as national, subregional, regional and global
Unit Commitment Considering Generation Flexibility and Environmental Constraints
This paper proposes a new framework for power system unit commitment process, which incorporates the generation flexibility requirements and environmental constraints into the existing unit commitment algorithm. The generation flexibility requirements are to address the uncertainties with large amount of intermittent resources as well as with load and traditional generators, which causes real-time balancing requirements to be variable and less predictable. The proposed flexibility requirements include capacity, ramp and ramp duration for both upward and downward balancing reserves. The environmental constraints include emission allowance for fossil fuel-based generators and ecological regulations for hydro power plants. Calculation of emission rates is formulated. Unit commitment under this new framework will be critical to the economic and reliable operation of the power grid and the minimization of its negative environmental impacts, especially when high penetration levels of intermittent resources are being approached, as required by the renewable portfolio standards in many states.
Lu, Shuai; Makarov, Yuri V.; Zhu, Yunhua; Lu, Ning; Prakash Kumar, Nirupama; Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B.
Variable Average Absolute Percent Differences
Variable Variable Average Absolute Percent Differences Percent of Projections Over- Estimated Gross Domestic Product Real Gross Domestic Product (Average Cumulative Growth)* (Table 2) 1.0 42.6 Petroleum Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil (Constant $) (Table 3a) 35.2 18.6 Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil (Nominal $) (Table 3b) 34.7 19.7 Total Petroleum Consumption (Table 4) 6.2 66.5 Crude Oil Production (Table 5) 6.0 59.6 Petroleum Net Imports (Table 6) 13.3 67.0 Natural Gas Natural Gas Wellhead Prices (Constant $) (Table 7a) 30.7 26.1 Natural Gas Wellhead Prices (Nominal $) (Table 7b) 30.0 27.1 Total Natural Gas Consumption (Table 8) 7.8 70.2 Natural Gas Production (Table 9) 7.1 66.0 Natural Gas Net Imports (Table 10) 29.3 69.7 Coal Coal Prices to Electric Generating Plants (Constant $)** (Table 11a)
We present variability analysis of data from the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS). Using the clustering method, which defines variable candidates as outliers from large clusters, we cluster 16,189,040 light curves having data points at more than 15 epochs as variable and non-variable candidates in 638 NSVS fields. Variable candidates are selected depending on how strongly they are separated from the largest cluster and how rarely they are grouped together in eight-dimensional space spanned by variability indices. All NSVS light curves are also cross-correlated with IRAS, AKARI, Two Micron All Sky Survey, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and GALEX objects, as well as known objects in the SIMBAD database. The variability analysis and cross-correlation results are provided in a public online database, which can be used to select interesting objects for further investigation. Adopting conservative selection criteria for variable candidates, we find about 1.8 million light curves as possible variable candidates in the NSVS data, corresponding to about 10% of our entire NSVS sample. Multi-wavelength colors help us find specific types of variability among the variable candidates. Moreover, we also use morphological classification from other surveys such as SDSS to suppress spurious cases caused by blending objects or extended sources due to the low angular resolution of the NSVS.
Shin, Min-Su [Department of Astronomy, The University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Yi, Hahn; Kim, Dae-Won; Chang, Seo-Won [Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Byun, Yong-Ik, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Astronomy and University Observatory, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of)
Field Derived Emission Factors For Formaldehyde and other Volatile Organic Compounds in FEMA Temporary Housing Units
Sixteen previously occupied temporary housing units (THUs) were studied to assess emissions of volatile organic compounds. The whole trailer emission factors wereevaluated for 36 VOCs including formaldehyde. Indoor sampling was carried out in the THUs located in Purvis staging yard in Mississippi, USA. Indoor temperature andrelative humidity (RH) were also measured in all the trailers during sampling. Indoor temperatures were varied (increased or decreased) in a selection of THUs using theheating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Indoor temperatures during sampling ranged from 14o C to 33o C, and relative humidity (RH) varied between 35percentand 74percent. Ventilation rates were increased in some trailers using bathroom fans and vents during some of the sampling events. Ventilation rates measured during some aselection of sampling events varied from 0.14 to 4.3 h-1. Steady state indoor formaldehyde concentrations ranged from 10 mu g-m-3 to 1000 mu g-m-3. The formaldehyde concentrations in the trailers were of toxicological significance. The effects of temperature, humidity and ventilation rates were also studied. A linearregression model was built using log of percentage relative humidity, inverse of temperature (in K-1), and inverse log ACH as continuous independent variables, trailermanufacturer as a categorical independent variable, and log of the chemical emission factors as the dependent variable. The coefficients of inverse temperature, log relativehumidity, log inverse ACH with log emission factor were found to be statistically significant for all the samples at the 95percent confidence level. The regression model wasfound to explain about 84percent of the variation in the dependent variable. Most VOC concentrations measured indoors in the Purvis THUs were mostly found to be belowvalues reported in earlier studies by Maddalena et al.,1,2 Hodgson et al.,3 and Hippelein4. Emissions of TMPB-DIB (a plasticizer found in vinyl products) were found to be higher than values reported in comparable housing by Hodgson et al.,3. Emissions of phenol were also found to be slightly higher than values reported in earlier studies1,2,3. This study can assist in retrospective formaldehyde exposure assessments of THUs where estimates of the occupants indoor formaldehyde exposures are needed.
Variability of black-hole accretion discs: a theoretical study
modified by over 400 active volcanoes. The Sun changes its spots during the 11-year cycle while other stars vary strongly in brightness as they pulsate. In the solar case, variability is intrinsic to the astrophysical object. It can also be extrinsic if, e... of relativistic compact objects with their surroundings. Measurements of X-ray variability and theoretical studies of black-hole disc accretion have therefore been intimately related for the past 30 or 40 years. Combined, they provide a unique window...
Ferreira, B�rbara Trov�o
Modeling the Effect of Land Surface Evaporation Variability on Precipitation Variability. Part I: General Response
This is the first of a two-part article that investigates the impact of land surface evaporation variability on the interannual variability of precipitation and compares it with the impact caused by sea surface temperature variability. Previous ...
Oreste Reale; Paul Dirmeyer
Maximizing Energy Capture of Fixed-Pitch Variable-Speed Wind Turbines
Field tests of a variable-speed, stall-regulated wind turbine were conducted at a US Department of Energy Laboratory. A variable-speed generating system, comprising a doubly-fed generator and series-resonant power converter, was installed on a 275-kW, downwind, two-blade wind turbine. Gearbox, generator, and converter efficiency were measured in the laboratory so that rotor aerodynamic efficiency could be determined from field measurement of generator power. The turbine was operated at several discrete rotational speeds to develop power curves for use in formulating variable-speed control strategies. Test results for fixed-speed and variable-speed operation are presented along with discussion and comparison of the variable-speed control methodologies. Where possible, comparisons between fixed-speed and variable-speed operation are shown.
Pierce, K.; Migliore, P.
,"Housing Units1","Average Square Footage Per Housing Unit",...
the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy and Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). 5Rented includes households that occupy their primary housing unit without payment of...
Advanced Unit Commitment Strategies in the United States Eastern Interconnection
This project sought to evaluate the impacts of high wind penetrations on the U.S. Eastern Interconnection and analyze how different unit commitment strategies may affect these impacts.
Meibom, P.; Larsen, H. V.; Barth, R.; Brand, H.; Tuohy, A.; Ela, E.
Sources of Variability of Evapotranspiration in California
The variability (1990�2002) of potential evapotranspiration estimates (ETo) and related meteorological variables from a set of stations from the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS) is studied. Data from the National Climatic Data ...
Hugo G. Hidalgo; Daniel R. Cayan; Michael D. Dettinger
Thermocline Variability in Different Dynamic Regions
The response of thermocline circulation to a variable wind forcing is investigated with quasigeostrophic models. The physical mechanism responsible for the different variability features in various dynamic regions has been highlighted. Special ...
Zhengye Liu
Incremental Closure of Free Variable Tableaux
This paper presents a technique for automated theorem proving with free variable tableaux that does not require backtracking. Most existing automated proof procedures using free variable tableaux require iterative deepening and backtracking over applied ...
Martin Giese
Multiplexer and time duration measuring circuit
A multiplexer device is provided for multiplexing data in the form of randomly developed, variable width pulses from a plurality of pulse sources to a master storage. The device includes a first multiplexer unit which includes a plurality of input circuits each coupled to one of the pulse sources, with all input circuits being disabled when one input circuit receives an input pulse so that only one input pulse is multiplexed by the multiplexer unit at any one time.
Gray, Jr., James (Downers Grove, IL)
ARM - Measurements
Select below to highlight measurements in specified measurement categories. Aerosols The effect of aerosols is measured by instrument systems and lidars that provide data...
Efficiency United (Gas) - Residential Efficiency Program | Department of
Efficiency United (Gas) - Residential Efficiency Program Efficiency United (Gas) - Residential Efficiency Program Efficiency United (Gas) - Residential Efficiency Program < Back Eligibility Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Residential Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Heating Home Weatherization Commercial Weatherization Sealing Your Home Appliances & Electronics Construction Design & Remodeling Other Ventilation Manufacturing Water Heating Windows, Doors, & Skylights Maximum Rebate Weatherization Measures: 50% of the cost Windows: $150 Water Heaters/Clothes Washers: 1 Pipe Wrap: Limit of 10 linear ft. Faucet Aerators: 2 High Efficiency Shower Head: 2 Program Info State Michigan Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Boiler: $200 Furnace: $100 - $200
Daylighting techniques used in indigenous buildings in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), an investigative approach
This study investigated the potential of the daylighting systems used in the indigenous architecture of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), located in Dubai (latitude 25� N longitude 55� E). The analysis tested the lighting performance of three daylighting systems under UAE climatic conditions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the daylighting performance of three of the most common daylighting systems found in the indigenous buildings of the UAE, traditional windows (Dreeshah), gypsum decorative panels and wind tower (Barjeel). The lighting performance of each of the three lighting systems was examined. The lighting performance parameters examined were illuminance level, light distribution, uniformity, and glare. IESNA standards, CIBSE guidelines and LEED 2.2 daylighting credit and recommendations were used as the minimum recommended level for all analyzed variables. On-site measurements (illuminance and luminance) were conducted to compare measured versus simulated measurements inside the space. Desktop Radiance 2.0 Beta was used as the lighting performance analysis tool under clear sky conditions. Results have shown that the gypsum decorative panel performs better than the other two systems in terms of light uniformity and distribution, regardless of a lower illuminance level. The double panel window prototype has poor lighting performance in terms of glare, light distribution and uniformity. Wind tower performed well under the area of the wind tower itself. Apart from that it also had a poor lighting performance in terms of glare, light distribution, and uniformity.
Alnuaimi, Maitha Mohammed
Temporal variability of uranium concentrations and 234 activity ratios in the Mississippi river and its tributaries
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States c-basins exert the greatest control on Lower Mississippi River uranium concentration and isotope signatures; Uranium isotope ratios; Temporal variability; Tributary sources; Global riverine uranium flux 1
Studies on selection of controlled variables
Studies on selection of controlled variables by Vidar Alstad A Thesis Submitted for the Degree. Thus, the selection of controlled variables integrates the optimization and the control layer. Selecting the right controlled variables can be of paramount importance. Many chem ical processes
Skogestad, Sigurd
Studies on selection of controlled variables by Vidar Alstad A Thesis Submitted for the Degree. Thus, the selection of controlled variables integrates the optimization and the control layer. Selecting the right controlled variables can be of paramount importance. Many chem- ical processes
Adaptive sampling for Bayesian variable selection
Adaptive sampling for Bayesian variable selection DAVID J. NOTT Department of Statistics for variable selection and for dealing with model un- certainty have become increasingly popular in recent consider adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo schemes for Bayesian variable selection in Gaussian linear
Blennerhassett, Peter
Rapid Oscillations in Cataclysmic Variables
I give an overview of the rich phenomenology of dwarf nova oscillations (DNOs) and Quasi-periodic Oscillations (QPOs) observed in cataclysmic variable stars (CVs). The favoured interpretation of these rapid brightness modulations (3 - >1000 s time scales) is that they are magnetic in nature - magnetically channelled accretion from the inner accretion disc for DNOs and possible magnetically excited travelling waves in the disc for QPOs. There is increasing evidence for the magnetic aspects, which extend to lower field the well known properties of strong field (polars) and intermediate strength field (intermediate polars) CVs. The result is that almost all CVs show the presence of magnetic fields on their white dwarf primaries - though for many the intrinsic field may be locally enhanced by the accretion process itself. There are many parallel behaviours with the QPOs seen in X-Ray binaries, with high and low frequency X-Ray QPOs resembling respectively the DNOs and QPOs in CVs.
Brian Warner
Variable ratio regenerative braking device
Disclosed is a regenerative braking device (10) for an automotive vehicle. The device includes an energy storage assembly (12) having a plurality of rubber rollers (26, 28) mounted for rotation between an input shaft (36) and an output shaft (42), clutches (38, 46) and brakes (40, 48) associated with each shaft, and a continuously variable transmission (22) connectable to a vehicle drivetrain and to the input and output shafts by the respective clutches. The rubber rollers are torsionally stressed to accumulate energy from the vehicle when the input shaft is clutched to the transmission while the brake on the output shaft is applied, and are torsionally relaxed to deliver energy to the vehicle when the output shaft is clutched to the transmission while the brake on the input shaft is applied. The transmission ratio is varied to control the rate of energy accumulation and delivery for a given rotational speed of the vehicle drivetrain.
Hoppie, Lyle O. (Birmingham, MI)
Variable residence time vortex combustor
A variable residence time vortex combustor including a primary combustion chamber for containing a combustion vortex, and a plurality of louvres peripherally disposed about the primary combustion chamber and longitudinally distributed along its primary axis. The louvres are inclined to impel air about the primary combustion chamber to cool its interior surfaces and to impel air inwardly to assist in driving the combustion vortex in a first rotational direction and to feed combustion in the primary combustion chamber. The vortex combustor also includes a second combustion chamber having a secondary zone and a narrowed waist region in the primary combustion chamber interconnecting the output of the primary combustion chamber with the secondary zone for passing only lower density particles and trapping higher density particles in the combustion vortex in the primary combustion chamber for substantial combustion.
Melconian, Jerry O. (76 Beaver Rd., Reading, MA 01867)
Method and system to estimate variables in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant
System and method to estimate variables in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant are provided. The system includes a sensor suite to measure respective plant input and output variables. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) receives sensed plant input variables and includes a dynamic model to generate a plurality of plant state estimates and a covariance matrix for the state estimates. A preemptive-constraining processor is configured to preemptively constrain the state estimates and covariance matrix to be free of constraint violations. A measurement-correction processor may be configured to correct constrained state estimates and a constrained covariance matrix based on processing of sensed plant output variables. The measurement-correction processor is coupled to update the dynamic model with corrected state estimates and a corrected covariance matrix. The updated dynamic model may be configured to estimate values for at least one plant variable not originally sensed by the sensor suite.
Kumar, Aditya; Shi, Ruijie; Dokucu, Mustafa
Benchmarking Variable Cost Performance in an Industrial Power Plant
One of the most perplexing problems for industrial power plants committed to improving competitiveness is measuring variable cost performance over time. Because variable costs like fuel and electricity represent the overwhelming majority of power plant expenses, it is imperative to develop and deploy a tool that can help plants benchmark operating performance. This paper introduces a benchmarking methodology designed to meet this need. The "Energy Conversion Index" (ECI) ratios the "value" of utilities exported from the power plant to the actual cost of the fuel and electricity required to produce them, generating a single number or "index." Variable cost performance is benchmarked by comparing the index from one period of time to the index of another comparable period of time. Savings (or costs) attributable to excellent (or poor) performance can easily be calculated by using the former period's index to project the current period's cost.
Kane, J. F.; Bailey, W. F.
New Mexico grape growers unite
New Mexico grape growers unite, increase production New Mexico grape growers unite, increase production Grape Growers Association enlivens agriculture Growers association unites small parcels of land, enlivens production, protects water rights for Northern New Mexico agriculturists. August 6, 2012 Northern New Mexico Micro Grape Growers Association The NMSBA Entrepreneurial Networking program is helping Lucia Sanchez (C) Tim Martinez (R) and Robert Naranjo, the Northern New Mexico Micro Grape Growers Association, put small parcels of land back into production in Rio Arriba County. Contact Mariann Johnston (505) 667-4391 Email New Mexico grape growers unite to increase production, with help of Northern New Mexico Connect Over the last decade, a string of wineries has come to grace the scenic High Road to Taos. In 2010, Robert Naranjo, network facilitator for the
Energy Management in Olefins Units
The previous generations of olefin units were typically importers of utilities such as high pressure steam and electricity. But, in the new generation of units, diligent energy conservation efforts have reduced the high pressure steam demand to the point where waste heat from pyrolysis generates more than enough steam to power the olefins unit recovery section. Furthermore, incorporating gas turbine driven electrical generators or process compressors adds to the utility export potential of the unit. It is necessary, therefore, to consider utility export as a valuable byproduct of olefins production and incorporate it within the utility network of the petrochemical complex. As with any byproduct of a process, it is necessary to be able to control its production and distribution.
Wells, T. A.
Using state monthly values of the Palmer Drought Index from January 1895 through April 1981, thespatial and temporal features of dry and wet episodes over the contiguous United States were analyzed. Thevariance spectrum of the area under both ...
Henry F. Diaz
(12) United States Patent x ...................................
... The electrical resistance per unit length of each section ... 4(b): T2>TI' The electric field in each ... 0I holes were drilled through the cooling copper blocks ...
Performance of Variable Capacity Heat Pumps in a Mixed Humid Climate
Variable capacity heat pumps represent the next wave of technology for heat pumps. In this report, the performance of two variable capacity heat pumps (HPs) is compared to that of a single or two stage baseline system. The units were installed in two existing research houses located in Knoxville, TN. These houses were instrumented to collect energy use and temperature data while both the baseline systems and variable capacity systems were installed. The homes had computer controlled simulated occupancy, which provided consistent schedules for hot water use and lighting. The temperature control and energy use of the systems were compared during both the heating and cooling seasons. Multiple linear regression models were used along with TMY3 data for Knoxville, TN in order to normalize the effect that the outdoor air temperature has on energy use. This enables a prediction of each system's energy use over a year with the same weather. The first system was a multi-split system consisting of 8 indoor units and a single outdoor unit. This system replaced a 16 SEER single stage HP with a zoning system, which served as the baseline. Data was collected on the baseline system from August 2009 to December 2010 and on the multi-split system from January 2011 to January 2012. Soon after the installation of the multi-split system, some of the smaller rooms began over-conditioning. This was determined to be caused by a small amount of continuous refrigerant flow to all of the indoor units when the outdoor unit was running regardless of whether they were calling for heat. This, coupled with the fact that the indoor fans run continuously, was providing enough heat in some rooms to exceed the set point. In order to address this, the indoor fans were disabled when not actively heating per the manufacturer's recommendation. Based on the measured data, the multi-split system was predicted to use 40% more energy in the heating season and 16% more energy in the cooling season than the baseline system, for the typical meteorological year weather data. The AHRI ratings indicated that the baseline system would perform slightly better than the multi-split system, but not by as large of a margin as seen in this study. The multi-split system was able to maintain more consistent temperature throughout the house than the baseline system, but it did allow relative humidity levels to increase above 60% in the summer. The second system was a split system with an inverter driven compressor and a single ducted air handler. This unit replaced a 16 SEER two stage HP with a zoning system. Data was collected on the baseline system from July 2009 to November 2010 and on the ducted inverter system from December 2010 to January 2012. The ducted inverter system did not offer a zone controller, so it functioned as a single zone system. Due to this fact, the registers had to be manually adjusted in order to better maintain consistent temperatures between the two levels of the house. The predicted heating season energy use for the ducted inverter system, based on the measured energy use, was 30% less than that of the baseline system for the typical meteorological year. However, the baseline system was unable to operate in its high stage due to a wiring issue with the zone controller. This resulted in additional resistance heat use during the winter and therefore higher energy use than would be expected in a properly performing unit. The AHRI ratings would indicate that the baseline system would use less energy than the ducted inverter system, which is opposite to the results of this study. During the cooling season, the ducted inverter system was predicted to use 23% more energy than the baseline system during the typical meteorological year. This is also opposite of the results expected by comparing the AHRI ratings. After a detailed comparison of the ducted inverter system's power use compared to that of a recently installed identical system at a retro-fit study house, there is concern that the unit is not operating as intended. The power use and cycles indicate t
Munk, Jeffrey D [ORNL; Gehl, Anthony C [ORNL; Jackson, Roderick K [ORNL
Variable capacity heat pumps represent the next wave of technology for heat pumps. In this report, the performance of two variable capacity heat pumps (HPs) is compared to that of a single or two stage baseline system. The units were installed in two existing research houses located in Knoxville, TN. These houses were instrumented to collect energy use and temperature data while both the baseline systems and variable capacity systems were installed. The homes had computer controlled simulated occupancy, which provided consistent schedules for hot water use and lighting. The temperature control and energy use of the systems were compared during both the heating and cooling seasons. Multiple linear regression models were used along with TMY3 data for Knoxville, TN in order to normalize the effect that the outdoor air temperature has on energy use. This enables a prediction of each system's energy use over a year with the same weather. The first system was a multi-split system consisting of 8 indoor units and a single outdoor unit. This system replaced a 16 SEER single stage HP with a zoning system, which served as the baseline. Data was collected on the baseline system from August 2009 to December 2010 and on the multi-split system from January 2011 to January 2012. Soon after the installation of the multi-split system, some of the smaller rooms began over-conditioning. This was determined to be caused by a small amount of continuous refrigerant flow to all of the indoor units when the outdoor unit was running regardless of whether they were calling for heat. This, coupled with the fact that the indoor fans run continuously, was providing enough heat in some rooms to exceed the set point. In order to address this, the indoor fans were disabled when not actively heating per the manufacturer's recommendation. Based on the measured data, the multi-split system was predicted to use 40% more energy in the heating season and 16% more energy in the cooling season than the baseline system, for the typical meteorological year weather data. The AHRI ratings indicated that the baseline system would perform slightly better than the multi-split system, but not by as large of a margin as seen in this study. The multi-split system was able to maintain more consistent temperature throughout the house than the baseline system, but it did allow relative humidity levels to increase above 60% in the summer. The second system was a split system with an inverter driven compressor and a single ducted air handler. This unit replaced a 16 SEER two stage HP with a zoning system. Data was collected on the baseline system from July 2009 to November 2010 and on the ducted inverter system from December 2010 to January 2012. The ducted inverter system did not offer a zone controller, so it functioned as a single zone system. Due to this fact, the registers had to be manually adjusted in order to better maintain consistent temperatures between the two levels of the house. The predicted heating season energy use for the ducted inverter system, based on the measured energy use, was 30% less than that of the baseline system for the typical meteorological year. However, the baseline system was unable to operate in its high stage due to a wiring issue with the zone controller. This resulted in additional resistance heat use during the winter and therefore higher energy use than would be expected in a properly performing unit. The AHRI ratings would indicate that the baseline system would use less energy than the ducted inverter system, which is opposite to the results of this study. During the cooling season, the ducted inverter system was predicted to use 23% more energy than the baseline system during the typical meteorological year. This is also opposite of the results expected by comparing the AHRI ratings. After a detailed comparison of the ducted inverter system's power use compared to that of a recently installed identical system at a retro-fit study house, there is concern that the unit is not operating as intended. The power use and cy
Measuring Devices
... Compressed Natural Gas Retail Motor-Fuel Dispensers; Hydrogen Measuring Devices; Liquefied Petroleum Gas Liquid-Measuring Devices; Loading ...
OpenEI - United States
United States United States Renewable Energy Technical Potential http://en.openei.org/datasets/node/912 License
ARM - Measurement - Shortwave narrowband radiance
narrowband radiance narrowband radiance ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Measurement : Shortwave narrowband radiance A measure of the intrinsic radiant energy flux intensity, at wavelengths between 0.4 and 4 {mu}, emitted by a radiator in a given direction, expressed in units of energy per unit time per unit solid angle. Categories Radiometric Instruments The above measurement is considered scientifically relevant for the following instruments. Refer to the datastream (netcdf) file headers of each instrument for a list of all available measurements, including those recorded for diagnostic or quality assurance purposes. ARM Instruments CSPHOT : Cimel Sunphotometer SWS : Shortwave Spectroradiometer
Capital Requirements, Risk Measures and Comonotonicity
In this paper we examine and summarize properties of several well-known risk measures, with special attention given to the class of distortion risk measures. We investigate the relationship between these risk measures and theories of choice under risk. We also consider the problem of evaluating risk measures for sums of nonindependent random variables and propose approximations based on the concept of comonotonicity.
Jan Dhaene; Steven Vanduffel; Qihe Tang; Marc J. Goovaerts; Rob Kaas; David Vyncke; Robkaas Davidvyncke
Characterizing Coal-Fired Power Plant Mercury Emissions Variability at Low Concentrations
This technical update presents a further evaluation of the variability of mercury emission from coal-fired power plants, based on additional measurements by continuous mercury monitors (CMMs) at two coal-fired power plants with low-level mercury emissions. Emissions variability is important for control technology selection as well as regulatory considerations.
Million U.S. Housing Units Total............................................................................
Attached Attached 2 to 4 Units Table HC2.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit, 2005 5 or More Units Mobile Homes Type of Housing Unit Housing Units (millions) Single-Family Units Apartments in Buildings With-- Home Electronics Usage Indicators Detached Energy Information Administration: 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Preliminary Housing Characteristics Tables Million U.S. Housing Units Attached 2 to 4 Units Table HC2.12 Home Electronics Usage Indicators by Type of Housing Unit, 2005 5 or More Units Mobile Homes Type of Housing Unit Housing Units (millions) Single-Family Units Apartments in Buildings With-- Home Electronics Usage Indicators Detached Status of PC When Not in Use Left On..............................................................
Helium Isotopes In Geothermal And Volcanic Gases Of The Western United
Helium Isotopes In Geothermal And Volcanic Gases Of The Western United Helium Isotopes In Geothermal And Volcanic Gases Of The Western United States, I, Regional Variability And Magmatic Origin Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Helium Isotopes In Geothermal And Volcanic Gases Of The Western United States, I, Regional Variability And Magmatic Origin Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Helium isotope ratios in gases of thirty hot springs and geothermal wells and of five natural gas wells in the western United States show no relationship to regional conductive heat flow, but do show a correlation with magma-based thermal activity and reservoir fluid temperature (or total convective heat discharge). Gases from high-T (> 200°C) reservoirs have 3He/4He > 2 _ the atmospheric value, with high He
Osprey: a practical type system for validating dimensional unit correctness of C programs
Misuse of measurement units is a common source of errors in scientific applications, but standard type systems do not prevent such errors. Dimensional analysis in physics can be used to manually detect such errors in physical equations. It is, however, ... Keywords: Gaussian elimination, constraint-based analysis, dimensional analysis, measurement units, type systems
Lingxiao Jiang; Zhendong Su
Sensors and Measurements Discussion
Measurements for Assessment of Measurements for Assessment of Hydrate Related Geohazards" Report Type: Topical No: 41330R07 Starting March 2002 Ending September 2004 Edited by: R.L. Kleinberg and Emrys Jones September 2004 DOE Award Number: DE-FC26-01NT41330 Submitting Organization: ChevronTexaco Energy Technology Company 2811 Hayes Road Houston, TX 77082 ii DISCLAIMER "This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not
Coal Distribution Assesment at Martin Lake Unit 1
The measurement and control of pulverized coal in the conduits of power boilers has been the subject of several recent EPRI studies. Results from these studies have made clear the extent and limitations of many measurement approaches through the work conducted at EPRI's Coal Flow Laboratory. This project is the first to apply concepts learned from coal loop studies in the field. The candidate unit is a 750-MW twin-tangential boiler equipped with 10 coal elevations. Because this unit fires a high-moisture...
Technical Subtopic 2.1: Modeling Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Equipment in EnergyPlus
The University of Central Florida/Florida Solar Energy Center, in cooperation with the Electric Power Research Institute and several variable-refrigerant-flow heat pump (VRF HP) manufacturers, provided a detailed computer model for a VRF HP system in the United States Department of Energy's (U.S. DOE) EnergyPlus? building energy simulation tool. Detailed laboratory testing and field demonstrations were performed to measure equipment performance and compare this performance to both the manufacturer's data and that predicted by the use of this new model through computer simulation. The project goal was to investigate the complex interactions of VRF HP systems from an HVAC system perspective, and explore the operational characteristics of this HVAC system type within a laboratory and real world building environment. Detailed laboratory testing of this advanced HVAC system provided invaluable performance information which does not currently exist in the form required for proper analysis and modeling. This information will also be useful for developing and/or supporting test standards for VRF HP systems. Field testing VRF HP systems also provided performance and operational information pertaining to installation, system configuration, and operational controls. Information collected from both laboratory and field tests were then used to create and validate the VRF HP system computer model which, in turn, provides architects, engineers, and building owners the confidence necessary to accurately and reliably perform building energy simulations. This new VRF HP model is available in the current public release version of DOE?s EnergyPlus software and can be used to investigate building energy use in both new and existing building stock. The general laboratory testing did not use the AHRI Standard 1230 test procedure and instead used an approach designed to measure the field installed full-load operating performance. This projects test methodology used the air enthalpy method where relevant air-side parameters were controlled while collecting output performance data at discreet points of steady-state operation. The primary metrics include system power consumption and zonal heating and cooling capacity. Using this test method, the measured total cooling capacity was somewhat lower than reported by the manufacturer. The measured power was found to be equal to or greater than the manufacturers indicated power. Heating capacity measurements produced similar results. The air-side performance metric was total cooling and heating energy since the computer model uses those same metrics as input to the model. Although the sensible and latent components of total cooling were measured, they are not described in this report. The test methodology set the thermostat set point temperature very low for cooling and very high for heating to measure full-load performance and was originally thought to provide the maximum available capacity. Manufacturers stated that this test method would not accurately measure performance of VRF systems which is now believed to be a true statement. Near the end of the project, an alternate test method was developed to better represent VRF system performance as if field installed. This method of test is preliminarily called the Load Based Method of Test where the load is fixed and the indoor conditions and unit operation are allowed to fluctuate. This test method was only briefly attempted in a laboratory setting but does show promise for future lab testing. Since variable-speed air-conditioners and heat pumps include an on-board control algorithm to modulate capacity, these systems are difficult to test. Manufacturers do have the ability to override internal components to accommodate certification procedures, however, it is unknown if the resulting operation is replicated in the field, or if so, how often. Other studies have shown that variable-speed air-conditioners and heat pumps do out perform their single-speed counterparts though these field studies leave as many questions as they do provide answers. The measure
Raustad, Richard; Nigusse, Bereket; Domitrovic, Ron
Analysis of Short Space�Time-Scale Variability of Oceanic Rain Using TOPEX/Jason
Information on the spatial and temporal variability of rain rate is important not only for meteorology and hydrology but also for the design of remote sensing and in situ measuring or of millimeter wave communication systems. The Ocean Topography ...
J. Tournadre; S. Bhandari
Sources of Mesoscale Variability of Gravity Waves. Part I: Topographic Excitation
Aircraft measurements of winds and temperatures collected during the GASP program are used to study the effects of topography as a source of mesoscale variability. Variances of fluctuations at the mesoscale over rough terrain are enhanced up to ...
Gregory D. Nastrom; David C. Fritts
Variability of Absorption and Optical Properties of Key Aerosol Types Observed in Worldwide Locations
Aerosol radiative forcing is a critical, though variable and uncertain, component of the global climate. Yet climate models rely on sparse information of the aerosol optical properties. In situ measurements, though important in many respects, ...
Oleg Dubovik; Brent Holben; Thomas F. Eck; Alexander Smirnov; Yoram J. Kaufman; Michael D. King; Didier Tanr�; Ilya Slutsker
A Preliminary Analysis of Spatial Variability of Raindrop Size Distributions during Stratiform Rain Events
The spatial variability of raindrop size distributions (DSDs) and precipitation fields is investigated utilizing disdrometric measurements from the four Precipitation Occurrence Sensor Systems (POSS) and radar reflectivity fields from S-band dual-...
Choong Ke Lee; Gyu Won Lee; Isztar Zawadzki; Kyung-Eak Kim
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Great Lakes Ice Cover, 1973�2010
In this study, temporal and spatial variability of ice cover in the Great Lakes are investigated using historical satellite measurements from 1973 to 2010. The seasonal cycle of ice cover was constructed for all the lakes, including Lake St. ...
Jia Wang; Xuezhi Bai; Haoguo Hu; Anne Clites; Marie Colton; Brent Lofgren
Statistical Tests for Comparison of Daily Variability in Observed and Simulated Climates
Tests for differences in daily variability based on the jackknife are presented. These tests properly account for the effect of autocorrelation in the data and are reasonably robust against departures from normality. Three measures for the daily ...
T. Adri Buishand; Jules J. Beersma
Alongfront Variability of Precipitation Associated with a Midlatitude Frontal Zone: TRMM Observations and MM5 Simulation
On 19 February 2001, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observed complex alongfront variability in the precipitation structure of an intense cold-frontal rainband. The TRMM Microwave Imager brightness temperatures suggested ...
Mei Han; Scott A. Braun; P. Ola G. Persson; Jian-Wen Bao
Is the Interannual Variability of the Summer Asian�Pacific Oscillation Predictable?
The summer (June�August) Asian�Pacific Oscillation (APO) measures the interannual variability of large-scale atmospheric circulation over the Asian�North Pacific Ocean sector. In this study, the authors assess the predictability of the summer APO ...
Yanyan Huang; Huijun Wang; Ping Zhao
Variability of Earth-Emitted Radiation from One Year of Nimbus-6 ERB Data
Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) measurements from the Nimbus-6 ERR wide field-of-view (WFOV) instrument are used to study daytime and nighttime radiation variability on a 15� regional, zonal and global scale. An analysis of components of ...
T. Dale Bess
Temporal Variability of Fair-Weather Cumulus Statistics at the ACRF SGP Site
Continental fair-weather cumuli exhibit significant diurnal, day-to-day, and year-to-year variability. This study describes the climatology of cloud macroscale properties, over the U.S. Department of Energy�s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (...
Larry K. Berg; Evgueni I. Kassianov
Optimal control system design of an acid gas removal unit for an IGCC power plants with CO2 capture
Future IGCC plants with CO{sub 2} capture should be operated optimally in the face of disturbances without violating operational and environmental constraints. To achieve this goal, a systematic approach is taken in this work to design the control system of a selective, dual-stage Selexol-based acid gas removal (AGR) unit for a commercial-scale integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with pre-combustion CO{sub 2} capture. The control system design is performed in two stages with the objective of minimizing the auxiliary power while satisfying operational and environmental constraints in the presence of measured and unmeasured disturbances. In the first stage of the control system design, a top-down analysis is used to analyze degrees of freedom, define an operational objective, identify important disturbances and operational/environmental constraints, and select the control variables. With the degrees of freedom, the process is optimized with relation to the operational objective at nominal operation as well as under the disturbances identified. Operational and environmental constraints active at all operations are chosen as control variables. From the results of the optimization studies, self-optimizing control variables are identified for further examination. Several methods are explored in this work for the selection of these self-optimizing control variables. Modifications made to the existing methods will be discussed in this presentation. Due to the very large number of candidate sets available for control variables and due to the complexity of the underlying optimization problem, solution of this problem is computationally expensive. For reducing the computation time, parallel computing is performed using the Distributed Computing Server (DCS�) and the Parallel Computing� toolbox from Mathworks�. The second stage is a bottom-up design of the control layers used for the operation of the process. First, the regulatory control layer is designed followed by the supervisory control layer. Finally, an optimization layer is designed. In this paper, the proposed two-stage control system design approach is applied to the AGR unit for an IGCC power plant with CO{sub 2} capture. Aspen Plus Dynamics� is used to develop the dynamic AGR process model while MATLAB is used to perform the control system design and for implementation of model predictive control (MPC).
Jones, D.; Bhattacharyya, D.; Turton, R.; Zitney, S.
Hard X-ray Variability of AGN
Aims: Active Galactic Nuclei are known to be variable throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. An energy domain poorly studied in this respect is the hard X-ray range above 20 keV. Methods: The first 9 months of the Swift/BAT all-sky survey are used to study the 14 - 195 keV variability of the 44 brightest AGN. The sources have been selected due to their detection significance of >10 sigma. We tested the variability using a maximum likelihood estimator and by analysing the structure function. Results: Probing different time scales, it appears that the absorbed AGN are more variable than the unabsorbed ones. The same applies for the comparison of Seyfert 2 and Seyfert 1 objects. As expected the blazars show stronger variability. 15% of the non-blazar AGN show variability of >20% compared to the average flux on time scales of 20 days, and 30% show at least 10% flux variation. All the non-blazar AGN which show strong variability are low-luminosity objects with L(14-195 keV) < 1E44 erg/sec. Conclusions: Concerning the variability pattern, there is a tendency of unabsorbed or type 1 galaxies being less variable than the absorbed or type 2 objects at hardest X-rays. A more solid anti-correlation is found between variability and luminosity, which has been previously observed in soft X-rays, in the UV, and in the optical domain.
V. Beckmann; S. D. Barthelmy; T. J. -L. Courvoisier; N. Gehrels; S. Soldi; J. Tueller; G. Wendt
Variability of Load and Net Load in Case of Large Scale Distributed Wind Power
Large scale wind power production and its variability is one of the major inputs to wind integration studies. This paper analyses measured data from large scale wind power production. Comparisons of variability are made across several variables: time scale (10-60 minute ramp rates), number of wind farms, and simulated vs. modeled data. Ramp rates for Wind power production, Load (total system load) and Net load (load minus wind power production) demonstrate how wind power increases the net load variability. Wind power will also change the timing of daily ramps.
Holttinen, H.; Kiviluoma, J.; Estanqueiro, A.; Gomez-Lazaro, E.; Rawn, B.; Dobschinski, J.; Meibom, P.; Lannoye, E.; Aigner, T.; Wan, Y. H.; Milligan, M.
Transfer Rate vs. I/O Units
O Units Transfer Rate vs. IO Units These plots show the transfer rate from the IO benchmarks as a function of the number of elizaio units in use for each particular eliza at the...
Based on detailed steady-state system and component modeling, we developed a rooftop unit system design, which is able to achieve IEER (Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio) higher than 20. We modeled fin-&-tube and micro-channel heat exchangers using segment-to-segment approach, and use ARI 10-coefficient compressor map to simulate compressor performance. The system modeling is based on a component-based modeling approach, which facilitates flexible simulation of complicated system configurations. Starting with a baseline system having IEER of 16.6, we extensively investigated numerous technical options, i.e. varying compressor sizes, heat exchanger fin densities, fin-&-tube or micro-channel heat exchanger, suction line heat exchanger, desiccant wheel, tandem compressor, variable-speed compressor, and condenser evaporative pre-cooling; and developed an innovative system configuration combining a tandem compression system with a variable-speed compression system. The combined system can achieve high IEER as well as process the outdoor ventilation air over an extensive range. We successfully evaluated the design concept for a 20-ton unit as well as a 10-ton unit. All the selected components are readily accessible on the market, and we validated the performance predictions against existing RTU products at the rating condition. This paper illustrates a potentially cost-effective high IEER RTU design.
Shen, Bo [ORNL; Rice, C Keith [ORNL; Vineyard, Edward [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Quantification and scaling of multipartite entanglement in continuous variable systems
We present a theoretical method to determine the multipartite entanglement between different partitions of multimode, fully or partially symmetric Gaussian states of continuous variable systems. For such states, we determine the exact expression of the logarithmic negativity and show that it coincides with that of equivalent two--mode Gaussian states. Exploiting this reduction, we demonstrate the scaling of the multipartite entanglement with the number of modes and its reliable experimental estimate by direct measurements of the global and local purities.
Gerardo Adesso; Alessio Serafini; Fabrizio Illuminati
United Energy | Open Energy Information
United Energy United Energy Name United Energy Address 284, Old Deal Rd Place Eatontown, New Jersey Zip 07722 Sector Solar Product Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy Year founded 2009 Number of employees 1-10 Phone number 201-697-8770 Website http://www.unitedenergypro.com Coordinates 40.2785975°, -74.0359722° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":40.2785975,"lon":-74.0359722,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
United States Environmental Monitoring EPA
United United States Environmental Monitoring EPA 600/R-93/141 Environmental Protection Systems Laboratory January 1992 Agency P.O. Box 93478 Las Vegas NV 89193-3478 Research and Development _EPA Offsite Environmental Monitoring Report: Radiation Monitoring Around United States Nuclear Test Areas, Calendar Year 1991 Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientificand Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak ridge,TN 39831; pricesavailablefrom (615) 576-8401 Availableto the publicfrom the NationalTechnicalInformationService, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 Price Code: PrintedCopyof MicroficheA01 Frontand back cover: CommunityMonitorStation (front) and Whole BodyLaboratory(back), Craig A. Tsosle EnvironmentalMonitoringSystemsLaboratory-LasVegas, Nevada Offsite Environmental Monitoring Report:
unit process | OpenEI
unit process unit process Dataset Summary Description Datasets are for the US electricity grid system interconnect regions (ASCC, FRCC, HICC, MRO, NPCC, RFC, SERC, SPP, TRE, WECC) for 2008. The data is provided in life cycle inventory (LCI) forms (both xls and xml). A module report and a detailed spreadsheet are also included. Source US Life Cycle Inventory Database Date Released May 01st, 2011 (3 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords ASCC FRCC HICC interconnect region LCI life cycle inventory MRO NPCC RFC SERC SPP TRE unit process US utilities WECC Data application/zip icon interconnect_lci_datasets_2008.zip (zip, 6.3 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period License License Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and Licence (PDDL)
Definition: Variable Peak Pricing | Open Energy Information
Variable Peak Pricing Variable Peak Pricing Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Variable Peak Pricing Variable Peak Pricing (VPP) is a hybrid of time-of-use and real-time pricing where the different periods for pricing are defined in advance (e.g., on-peak=6 hours for summer weekday afternoon; off-peak= all other hours in the summer months), but the price established for the on-peak period varies by utility and market conditions.[1] Related Terms real-time pricing References ↑ https://www.smartgrid.gov/category/technology/variable_peak_pricing [[C LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ategory: Smart Grid Definitionssmart grid,off-peak,on-peak,smart grid, |Template:BASEPAGENAME]]smart grid,off-peak,on-peak,smart grid, Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Variable_Peak_Pricing&oldid=50262
Did You Know, BNL United Way Campaign
and independent United Ways in the nation. The United Way of Long Island raises money for over 180+ health and human service agencies, which provide services to children...
United Oil Company | Open Energy Information
United Oil Company Jump to: navigation, search Name United Oil Company Place Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Product Vegetable-Oil producer Biodiesel producer based in Pittsburgh, PA...
3 Lighting Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Number of Households With --" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"1 Member","2...
Units (millions) Single-Family Units Apartments in Buildings With-- Home Electronics Usage Indicators Detached Energy Information Administration: 2005 Residential Energy...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Number of Households With --" ,"Housing Units (millions)" ,,"1 Member","2...
GEO UNIT AGREEMENT | Open Energy Information
UNIT AGREEMENT Jump to: navigation, search GEO UNIT AGREEMENT Mineral interest joined together to explore, develop and produce geothermal resources Retrieved from "http:...
NIST Realization of related photometric units
... Luminance units are commonly established using a white reflectance standard or ... the NIST standard photometers to realize the luminance unit on a ...
... time the United States became a dominant force in world trade and was able to impose its products, manufactured in their unconventional units, on ...
United Biofuels Private Limited | Open Energy Information
Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon United Biofuels Private Limited Jump to: navigation, search Name United Biofuels Private Limited Place Tamil Nadu, India...
United Biofuels Inc | Open Energy Information
United Biofuels Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name United Biofuels Inc Place Plover, Wisconsin Zip 54467 Sector Biomass Product Wisconsin-based manufacturer and distributor of...
Envera Variable Compression Ratio Engine
Aggressive engine downsizing, variable compression ratio and use of the Atkinson cycle are being combined to improve fuel economy by up to 40 percent relative to port fuel injected gasoline engines, while maintaining full engine power. Approach Engine downsizing is viewed by US and foreign automobile manufacturers as one of the best options for improving fuel economy. While this strategy has already demonstrated a degree of success, downsizing and fuel economy gains are currently limited. With new variable compression ratio technology however, the degree of engine downsizing and fuel economy improvement can be greatly increased. A small variable compression ratio (VCR) engine has the potential to return significantly higher vehicle fuel economy while also providing high power. Affordability and potential for near term commercialization are key attributes of the Envera VCR engine. VCR Technology To meet torque and power requirements, a smaller engine needs to do more work per stroke. This is typically accomplished by boosting the incoming charge with either a turbo or supercharger so that more energy is present in the cylinder per stroke to do the work. With current production engines the degree of engine boosting (which correlates to downsizing) is limited by detonation (combustion knock) at high boost levels. Additionally, the turbo or supercharger needs to be responsive and efficient while providing the needed boost. VCR technology eliminates the limitation of engine knock at high load levels by reducing compression ratio to {approx}9:1 (or whatever level is appropriate) when high boost pressures are needed. By reducing the compression ratio during high load demand periods there is increased volume in the cylinder at top dead center (TDC) which allows more charge (or energy) to be present in the cylinder without increasing the peak pressure. Cylinder pressure is thus kept below the level at which the engine would begin to knock. When loads on the engine are low the compression ratio can be raised (to as much as 18:1) providing high engine efficiency. It is important to recognize that for a well designed VCR engine cylinder pressure does not need to be higher than found in current production turbocharged engines. As such, there is no need for a stronger crankcase, bearings and other load bearing parts within the VCR engine. The Envera VCR mechanism uses an eccentric carrier approach to adjust engine compression ratio. The crankshaft main bearings are mounted in this eccentric carrier or 'crankshaft cradle' and pivoting the eccentric carrier 30 degrees adjusts compression ratio from 9:1 to 18:1. The eccentric carrier is made up of a casting that provides rigid support for the main bearings, and removable upper bearing caps. Oil feed to the main bearings transits through the bearing cap fastener sockets. The eccentric carrier design was chosen for its low cost and rigid support of the main bearings. A control shaft and connecting links are used to pivot the eccentric carrier. The control shaft mechanism features compression ratio lock-up at minimum and maximum compression ratio settings. The control shaft method of pivoting the eccentric carrier was selected due to its lock-up capability. The control shaft can be rotated by a hydraulic actuator or an electric motor. The engine shown in Figures 3 and 4 has a hydraulic actuator that was developed under the current program. In-line 4-cylinder engines are significantly less expensive than V engines because an entire cylinder head can be eliminated. The cost savings from eliminating cylinders and an entire cylinder head will notably offset the added cost of the VCR and supercharging. Replacing V6 and V8 engines with in-line VCR 4-cylinder engines will provide high fuel economy at low cost. Numerous enabling technologies exist which have the potential to increase engine efficiency. The greatest efficiency gains are realized when the right combination of advanced and new technologies are packaged together to provide the greatest gains at the least cost. Aggressive engine downsiz
Charles Mendler
Energy Audits in Process Units
Emphasis is placed on practical considerations in the effective organization and execution of a successful in-house energy audit of a process unit, based upon experience gained in several such audits of Gulf Coast petrochemical units. Staffing requirements, membership qualifications, probable time span for the audit, cost-benefit ratios, and necessary line management commitment are discussed. The scope and importance of pre-audit preparation and related responsibilities are explained. Activities of the Audit Team are likely to fall naturally into six general phases, each of which is reviewed in detail.
Corwin, J. D.
Monitoring of Photovoltaic Plant Output and Variability
The performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems, including variability characteristics, is of increasing interest to utilities as they integrate more solar energy onto the electric grid. This study is part of a multi-year research series to investigate influencing factors that affect PV plant output, variability, and approaches to system management. It explores PV variability both from a grid perspective and through examination of project design aspects that can affect annual power production. ...