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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Multilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicle Applications
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This paper presents multilevel inverters as an application for all-electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) motor drives. Diode-clamped inverters and cascaded H-bridge inverters, (1) can generate near-sinusoidal voltages with only fundamental frequency switching; (2) have almost no electromagnetic interference (EMI) and common-mode voltage; and (3) make an EV more accessible/safer and open wiring possible for most of an EV'S power system. This paper explores the benefits and discusses control schemes of the cascade inverter for use as an EV motor drive or a parallel HEV drive and the diode-clamped inverter as a series HEV motor drive. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results show the superiority of these multilevel inverters for this new niche.
Habetler, T.G.; Peng, F.Z.; Tolbert, L.M.
SciTech Connect
Power inverters
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Power inverters include a frame and a power module. The frame has a sidewall including an opening and defining a fluid passageway. The power module is coupled to the frame over the opening and includes a substrate, die, and an encasement. The substrate includes a first side, a second side, a center, an outer periphery, and an outer edge, and the first side of the substrate comprises a first outer layer including a metal material. The die are positioned in the substrate center and are coupled to the substrate first side. The encasement is molded over the outer periphery on the substrate first side, the substrate second side, and the substrate outer edge and around the die. The encasement, coupled to the substrate, forms a seal with the metal material. The second side of the substrate is positioned to directly contact a fluid flowing through the fluid passageway.
Miller, David H. (Redondo Beach, CA); Korich, Mark D. (Chino Hills, CA); Smith, Gregory S. (Woodland Hills, CA)
Inverter Controlled Screw Air Compressor Manufacturers ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Inverter Controlled Screw Air Compressor, Inverter Controlled Screw Air Compressor Manufacturers & Suppliers Directory - Find here Inverter ...
Superconducting wire
This invention consists of a method of producing superconducting wire by drawing a glass fiber with a melted powder of a superconducting wire inside the glass tube. After drawing, the glass fiber is heated to crystallize the superconducting compound. The diameter of the superconducting wires is controlled by the rate at which the glass fiber s are drawn from the glass tube.
Day, D.E.; Petrovic, J.J.; Gac, F.D.; Ray, C.S.
Wire chamber
A wire chamber or proportional counter device, such as Geiger-Mueller tube or drift chamber, improved with a gas mixture providing a stable drift velocity while eliminating wire aging caused by prior art gas mixtures. The new gas mixture is comprised of equal parts argon and ethane gas and having approximately 0.25% isopropyl alcohol vapor.
Atac, Muzaffer (Wheaton, IL)
Resonant snubber inverter
A resonant, snubber-based, soft switching, inverter circuit achieves lossless switching during dc-to-ac power conversion and power conditioning with minimum component count and size. Current is supplied to the resonant snubber branches solely by the main inverter switches. Component count and size are reduced by use of a single semiconductor switch in the resonant snubber branches. Component count is also reduced by maximizing the use of stray capacitances of the main switches as parallel resonant capacitors. Resonance charging and discharging of the parallel capacitances allows lossless, zero voltage switching. In one embodiment, circuit component size and count are minimized while achieving lossless, zero voltage switching within a three-phase inverter. 14 figs.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W. Sr.; Chen, D.; Scudiere, M.B.; Ott, G.W. Jr.; White, C.P.; McKeever, J.W.
A resonant, snubber-based, soft switching, inverter circuit achieves lossless switching during dc-to-ac power conversion and power conditioning with minimum component count and size. Current is supplied to the resonant snubber branches solely by the main inverter switches. Component count and size are reduced by use of a single semiconductor switch in the resonant snubber branches. Component count is also reduced by maximizing the use of stray capacitances of the main switches as parallel resonant capacitors. Resonance charging and discharging of the parallel capacitances allows lossless, zero voltage switching. In one embodiment, circuit component size and count are minimized while achieving lossless, zero voltage switching within a three-phase inverter.
Lai, Jih-Sheng (Knoxville, TN); Young, Sr., Robert W. (Oak Ridge, TN); Chen, Daoshen (Knoxville, TN); Scudiere, Matthew B. (Oak Ridge, TN); Ott, Jr., George W. (Knoxville, TN); White, Clifford P. (Knoxville, TN); McKeever, John W. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Invertible motion blur in video
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We show that motion blur in successive video frames is invertible even if the point-spread function (PSF) due to motion smear in a single photo is non-invertible. Blurred photos exhibit nulls (zeros) in the frequency transform of the PSF, leading to ... Keywords: PSF, PSF estimation, computational photography, invertibility, motion deblurring
Amit Agrawal; Yi Xu; Ramesh Raskar
Precision wire feeder for small diameter wire
A device for feeding small diameter wire having a diameter less than 0.04 mm (16 mil) to a welding station includes a driving wheel for controllably applying a non-deforming driving force to the wire to move the free end of the wire towards the welding station; and a tension device such as a torque motor for constantly applying a reverse force to the wire in opposition to the driving force to keep the wire taut. 1 figure.
Brandon, E.D.; Hooper, F.M.; Reichenbach, M.L.
A device for feeding small diameter wire having a diameter less than 0.04 mm (16 mil) to a welding station includes a driving wheel for controllably applying a non-deforming driving force to the wire to move the free end of the wire towards the welding station; and a tension device such as a torque motor for constantly applying a reverse force to the wire in opposition to the driving force to keep the wire taut.
Brandon, Eldon D. (Albuquerque, NM); Hooper, Frederick M. (Albuquerque, NM); Reichenbach, Marvin L. (Albuquerque, NM)
Superconducting wires
The requirement of high critical current density has prompted extensive research on ceramic processing of high-T/sub c/ superconductors. An overview of wire fabrication techniques and the limitations they impose on component design will be presented. The effects of processing on microstructure and critical current density will also be discussed. Particle alignment has been observed in extruded samples which is attributed to high shear stresses during plastic forming. Composites of superconductor and silver in several configurations have been made with little deleterious effect on the superconducting properties. 35 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Lanagan, M.T.; Poeppel, R.B.; Singh, J.P.; Dos Santos, D.I.; Lumpp, J.K.; Dusek, J.T.; Goretta, K.C.
Definition: Inverter | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Inverter Inverter Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Inverter A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current either for stand-alone systems or to supply power to an electricity grid.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition A power inverter, or inverter, is an electrical power converter that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage, and frequency are dependent on design. Static inverters do not use moving parts in the conversion process. Some applications for inverters include converting high-voltage direct current electric utility line power to AC, and deriving AC from DC power sources such as batteries. Related Terms Direct current, Alternating current, Electric grid, Distributed generation, alternating current, electricity generation, power, fuel
Gemini Synchronous Inverter
The Gemini Synchronous inverter is a solid state device that, when interposed between a variable-voltage DC power source and an AC power grid, converts the DC to AC at standard line voltages and frequencies. If more power is available from the DC source than is required by the load, the excess flows into the power grid. If less power is available than is required by the load the difference is provided by the power grid in the normal fashion.
Meyer, H.
Vision Research Foundations
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Vision Research Foundations National Alliance for Eye and Vision Research www.eyeresearch.org Foundation Fighting Blindness www.blindness.org Research to Prevent Blindess...
This invention is comprised of a device for feeding small diameter wire having a diameter less than .04 mm (16 mil) to a welding station which includes a driving wheel for controllably applying a non-deforming driving force to the wire to move the free end of the wire towards the welding station; and a tension device such as a torque motor for constantly applying a reverse force to the wire in opposition to the driving force to keep the wire taut. 1 fig.
The purpose of this analysis is to design structural foundations for the Generator Pad. The equipment foundation shall be designed in Section 10 using standard foundation design hand calculations. The vertical loads reflect Mechanical/Electrical requirements. Lateral loads will be calculated using applicable codes. The soil bearing and foundation stresses will be analyzed using accepted engineering mechanics. The foundation will be designed using the Strength Design Method.
T. Saltikov
Inverters Unlimited Inc | Open Energy Information
Unlimited Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Inverters Unlimited Inc Place New York Zip 12205 Sector Solar Product US-based manufacturer of solar inverters. References...
The purpose of this analysis is to design structural foundations for the Diesel Fuel Tank and Fuel Pumps.
M. Gomez
Precision Wire Forming
An air-operated semiautomatic wire former was designed and built at Mound Laboratory to form specific types of electrodes to be molded in plastic parts. Use of the semiautomatic wire former eliminates the sliding action of tooling on the surface of the electrode wire to be formed and properly aligns the crimped electrode surfaces to within required tolerance ranges. These are difficulties which are characteristic of conventional wire forming tooling. Interchangeable tooling is provided with the semiautomatic wire former for forming electrode wires in one plane; secondary tooling was designed and bulit for forming electrode wires in two planes; and a special series of tooling was designed for forming more complex wire forms.
Weeks, J. E.; Osborne, J. M.
TMS Foundation: Donors
Corporate Contributors Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Wagstaff Inc, Foundation Founders ($1000-$2,499) Carl M. Cady Phillip J. Mackey David Alan Shifler
TMS Foundation: Programs
That's why the TMS Foundation funds student travel grants to offset the costs of attending the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition and ... SPECIAL PROJECTS.
The purpose of this analysis is to design structural foundations for the Site Lighting. This analysis is in support of design drawing BABBDF000-01717-2100-23016.
Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork, Roseville, California (Fact Sheet), Building America...
Advanced Modular Inverter Technology Development
Electric and hybrid-electric vehicle systems require an inverter to convert the direct current (DC) output of the energy generation/storage system (engine, fuel cells, or batteries) to the alternating current (AC) that vehicle propulsion motors use. Vehicle support systems, such as lights and air conditioning, also use the inverter AC output. Distributed energy systems require an inverter to provide the high quality AC output that energy system customers demand. Today's inverters are expensive due to the cost of the power electronics components, and system designers must also tailor the inverter for individual applications. Thus, the benefits of mass production are not available, resulting in high initial procurement costs as well as high inverter maintenance and repair costs. Electricore, Inc. (www.electricore.org) a public good 501 (c) (3) not-for-profit advanced technology development consortium assembled a highly qualified team consisting of AeroVironment Inc. (www.aerovironment.com) and Delphi Automotive Systems LLC (Delphi), (www.delphi.com), as equal tiered technical leads, to develop an advanced, modular construction, inverter packaging technology that will offer a 30% cost reduction over conventional designs adding to the development of energy conversion technologies for crosscutting applications in the building, industry, transportation, and utility sectors. The proposed inverter allows for a reduction of weight and size of power electronics in the above-mentioned sectors and is scalable over the range of 15 to 500kW. The main objective of this program was to optimize existing AeroVironment inverter technology to improve power density, reliability and producibility as well as develop new topology to reduce line filter size. The newly developed inverter design will be used in automotive and distribution generation applications. In the first part of this program the high-density power stages were redesigned, optimized and fabricated. One of the main tasks was to design and validate new gate drive circuits to provide the capability of high temp operation. The new power stages and controls were later validated through extensive performance, durability and environmental tests. To further validate the design, two power stages and controls were integrated into a grid-tied load bank test fixture, a real application for field-testing. This fixture was designed to test motor drives with PWM output up to 50kW. In the second part of this program the new control topology based on sub-phases control and interphase transformer technology was successfully developed and validated. The main advantage of this technology is to reduce magnetic mass, loss and current ripple. This report summarizes the results of the advanced modular inverter technology development and details: (1) Power stage development and fabrication (2) Power stage validation testing (3) Grid-tied test fixture fabrication and initial testing (4) Interphase transformer technology development
Adam Szczepanek
Wire-inhomogeneity detector
A device for uncovering imperfections in electrical conducting wire, particularly superconducting wire, by detecting variations in eddy currents. Eddy currents effect the magnetic field in a gap of an inductor, contained in a modified commercial ferrite core, through which the wire being tested is passed. A small increase or decrease in the amount of conductive material, such as copper, in a fixed cross section of wire will unbalance a bridge used to measure the impedance of the inductor, tripping a detector and sounding an alarm.
Gibson, G.H.; Smits, R.G.; Eberhard, P.H.
Update on SIC-Based Inverter Technology
This paper presents a study of silicon carbide (SiC) technology which includes device characterization and modeling, inverter simulation, and test results for several prototype inverters. The static and dynamic characteristics of discrete devices and half bridge modules are presented. Test results of a 55 kW hybrid inverter with SiC Schottky diodes and an 18 kW all-SiC inverter using SiC JFETs and Schottky diodes are demonstrated.
Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan [ORNL; Zhang, Hui [ORNL; Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL; Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL
Thermal Study of Inverter Components: Preprint
Thermal histories of inverter components were collected from operating inverters from several manufacturers and three locations. The data were analyzed to determine thermal profiles, the dependence on local conditions, and to assess the effect on inverter reliability. Inverter temperatures were shown to increase with the power dissipation of the inverters, follow diurnal and annual cycles, and have a dependence on wind speed. An accumulated damage model was applied to the temperature profiles and an example of using these data to predict reliability was explored.
Sorensen, N. R.; Thomas, E. V.; Quintana, M. A.; Barkaszi, S.; Rosenthal, A.; Zhang, Z.; Kurtz, S.
Foundations for smarter cities
This paper describes the information technology (IT) foundation and principles for Smarter Cities�. Smarter Cities are urban areas that exploit operational data, such as that arising from traffic congestion, power consumption statistics, and public ...
C. Harrison; B. Eckman; R. Hamilton; P. Hartswick; J. Kalagnanam; J. Paraszczak; P. Williams
Transmission Structure Foundation Design Guide
This guide contains the most current and comprehensive information for the design of foundations for overhead line structures. The guide covers the complete transmission structure foundation design process from the subsurface investigations and design of the foundations, to the construction and inspection of the foundation. Reference documents to assist transmission structure foundation designers in the development of specifications such as for subsurface investigations and foundation construction ...
A publication presented by the Electrical Safety Foundation International
presented by the Electrical Safety Foundation International presented by the Electrical Safety Foundation International A guide to understanding and maintaining your home's electrical system Should You Do-It-Yourself? Is a Permit or Inspection Required? How Much Energy Does My Home Use? How Does My Electrical System Work? What's Inside My Service Panel? What Kind of Wiring System is in My Home? Does My Home Have Grounded Outlets? What is a Tamper-Resistant Outlet? What is a GFCI? What is Energy Efficient Lighting? How Do I Clean Up a Broken CFL? Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5-6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Everything you need to know What's Inside? Electrical Safety Foundation International The Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI)
Effective switching frequency multiplier inverter
A switching frequency multiplier inverter for low inductance machines that uses parallel connection of switches and each switch is independently controlled according to a pulse width modulation scheme. The effective switching frequency is multiplied by the number of switches connected in parallel while each individual switch operates within its limit of switching frequency. This technique can also be used for other power converters such as DC/DC, AC/DC converters.
Su, Gui-Jia (Oak Ridge, TN); Peng, Fang Z. (Okemos, MI)
Wire-driven Parallel Robot: Permitting Collisions Between Wires
In spatial designs of wire-driven parallel robots, collisions between wires by limiting platform trajectories. The common practice for avoiding collisions between wires is by limiting the moving platform trajectories. However, as opposed to rigid ... Keywords: cable robot, collision, tangling, wire robot, workspace
Yonatan Wischnitzer; Nir Shvalb; Moshe Shoham
Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures
Page 1. CRITICAL FOUNDATIONS PROTECTING AMERICA'S INFRASTRUCTURES The Report of the President's Commission ...
System and method for regulating resonant inverters
A technique is provided for direct digital phase control of resonant inverters based on sensing of one or more parameters of the resonant inverter. The resonant inverter control system includes a switching circuit for applying power signals to the resonant inverter and a sensor for sensing one or more parameters of the resonant inverter. The one or more parameters are representative of a phase angle. The resonant inverter control system also includes a comparator for comparing the one or more parameters to a reference value and a digital controller for determining timing of the one or more parameters and for regulating operation of the switching circuit based upon the timing of the one or more parameters.
Stevanovic, Ljubisa Dragoljub (Clifton Park, NY); Zane, Regan Andrew (Superior, CO)
Shared inverter residential photovoltaic system concept
A residential photovoltaic system concept involving a number of separate roof-mounted arrays all connected to a single utility-interactive inverter is proposed and analyzed in comparison to systems employing one inverter for each array. The conclusion of significance is that such shared inverter systems offer a costs savings of approximately 10 percent. It is observed that other substantial benefits might derive from a reduction in the number of tie-in points between distributed generators and the electric utility grid.
Kern, E.C.; Solman, F.J.
Integrated Inverter Control for Multiple Electric Machines ...
Wind Energy; Partners (27 ... control for directing multiple inverters with a single ... 57, 62), which may include a three-phase main ...
Cascade Multilevel Inverters for Utility Applications
Cascade multilevel inverters have been developed by the authors for utility applications. A cascade M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 H- bridges in which each bridge has its own separate dc source. The new inverter: (1) can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage while only switching one time per fundamental cycle, (2) can eliminate transformers of multipulse inverters used in conventional utility interfaces and static var compensators, and (3) makes possible direct parallel or series connection to medium- and high-voltage power systems without any transformers. In other words, the cascade inverter is much more efficient and suitable for utility applications than traditional multipulse and pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. The authors have experimentally demonstrated the superiority of the new inverter for reactive power (var) and harmonic compensation. This paper will summarize features,feasibility, and control schemes of the cascade inverter for utility applications including utility interface of renewable energy, voltage regulation, var compensation, and harmonic filtering in power systems.Analytical, simulated, and experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the new inverters.
Peng, F.Z., McKeever, J.W., Adams, D.J.
THE AOCS FOUNDATION Mail: P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA Street: 2710 S. Boulder Drive, Urbana, IL 61802-6996 USA Phone: +1-217-359-2344; Fax: +1-217-351-8091 www.aocsfoundation.org
Wire brush fastening device
A fastening device is provided which is a variation on the conventional nut and bolt. The bolt has a longitudinal axis and threading helically affixed thereon along the longitudinal axis. A nut having a bore extending therethrough is provided. The bore of the nut has a greater diameter than the diameter of the bolt so the bolt can extend through the bore. An array of wire bristles are affixed within the bore so as to form a brush. The wire bristles extend inwardly from the bore and are constructed and arranged of the correct size, length and stiffness to guide the bolt within the bore and to restrain the bolt within the bore as required. A variety of applications of the wire brush nut are disclosed, including a bolt capture device and a test rig apparatus.
Meigs, Richard A. (East Concord, NY)
Meigs, R.A.
A fastening device is provided which is a variation on the conventional nut and bolt. The bolt has a longitudinal axis and threading helically affixed thereon along the longitudinal axis. A nut having a bore extending therethrough is provided. The bore of the nut has a greater diameter than the diameter of the bolt so the bolt can extend through the bore. An array of wire bristles are affixed within the bore so as to form a brush. The wire bristles extend inwardly from the bore and are constructed and arranged of the correct size, length and stiffness to guide the bolt within the bore and to restrain the bolt within the bore as required. A variety of applications of the wire brush nut are disclosed, including a bolt capture device and a test rig apparatus. 13 figs.
Enhanced Diffusional Processes in Wire Bonding
Presentation Title, Enhanced Diffusional Processes in Wire Bonding ... there is a tremendous need for implementation of thinner wires in wire boning processes.
Invert Effective Thermal Conductivity Calculation
The objective of this calculation is to evaluate the temperature-dependent effective thermal conductivities of a repository-emplaced invert steel set and surrounding ballast material. The scope of this calculation analyzes a ballast-material thermal conductivity range of 0.10 to 0.70 W/m {center_dot} K, a transverse beam spacing range of 0.75 to 1.50 meters, and beam compositions of A 516 carbon steel and plain carbon steel. Results from this calculation are intended to support calculations that identify waste package and repository thermal characteristics for Site Recommendation (SR). This calculation was developed by Waste Package Department (WPD) under Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) procedure AP-3.12Q, Revision 1, ICN 0, Calculations.
M.J. Anderson; H.M. Wade; T.L. Mitchell
An Investigation of Wire Breaks Created during Copper Wire ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2010. Symposium, Failure Analysis and Prevention. Presentation Title, An Investigation of Wire�...
Improved wire chamber
An improved gas mixture for use with proportional counter devices, such as Geiger-Mueller tubes and drift chambers. The improved gas mixture provides a stable drift velocity while eliminating wire aging caused by prior art gas mixtures. The new gas mixture is comprised of equal parts argon and ethane gas and having approximately 0.25% isopropyl alcohol vapor. 2 figs.
Atac, M.
Home Depot Foundation | Open Energy Information
Depot Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Name Home Depot Foundation Place Atlanta, GA Website http:www.homedepotfoundation References Home Depot Foundation1 Information...
Wire Bonder: Kulicke and Soffa Model 4526
Wire Bonder: Kulicke and Soffa Model 4526. Description: CORAL Name: Wire Bonder. Needs Description. Scientific Opportunities / Applications: ...
Superconducting magnet wire
A superconducting tape or wire with an improved critical field is formed of alternating layers of a niobium-containing superconductor such as Nb, NbTi, Nb.sub.3 Sn or Nb.sub.3 Ge with a thickness in the range of about 0.5-1.5 times its coherence length, supported and separated by layers of copper with each copper layer having a thickness in the range of about 170-600 .ANG..
Schuller, Ivan K. (Woodridge, IL); Ketterson, John B. (Evanston, IL); Banerjee, Indrajit (San Jose, CA)
Multigrid Solution of the Semigeostrophic Invertibility Relation
In semigeostrophic theory one can recover the balanced wind and mass fields from the potential vorticity by solving a nonlinear elliptic boundary-value problem. This paper describes the efficient solution of this invertibility relation in two ...
Scott R. Fulton
Integrated Inverter For Driving Multiple Electric Machines
An electric machine drive (50) has a plurality of inverters (50a, 50b) for controlling respective electric machines (57, 62), which may include a three-phase main traction machine (57) and two-phase accessory machines (62) in a hybrid or electric vehicle. The drive (50) has a common control section (53, 54) for controlling the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b) with only one microelectronic processor (54) for controlling the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b), only one gate driver circuit (53) for controlling conduction of semiconductor switches (S1-S10) in the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b), and also includes a common dc bus (70), a common dc bus filtering capacitor (C1) and a common dc bus voltage sensor (67). The electric machines (57, 62) may be synchronous machines, induction machines, or PM machines and may be operated in a motoring mode or a generating mode.
Su, Gui-Jia [Knoxville, TN; Hsu, John S [Oak Ridge, TN
Removing Barriers to Utility Interconnected Photovoltaic Inverters
The Million Solar Roofs Initiative has motivated a renewed interest in the development of utility interconnected photovoltaic (UIPV) inverters. Government-sponsored programs (PVMaT, PVBONUS) and competition among utility interconnected inverter manufacturers have stimulated innovations and improved the performance of existing technologies. With this resurgence, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a program to assist industry initiatives to overcome barriers to UIPV inverters. In accordance with newly adopted IEEE 929-2000, the utility interconnected PV inverters are required to cease energizing the utility grid when either a significant disturbance occurs or the utility experiences an interruption in service. Compliance with IEEE 929-2000 is being widely adopted by utilities as a minimum requirement for utility interconnection. This report summarizes work done at the SNL balance-of-systems laboratory to support the development of IEEE 929-2000 and to assist manufacturers in meeting its requirements.
Gonzalez, S.; Bonn, R.H.; Ginn, J.W.
G.Comer Foundation
Comer Comer Foundation Please note: I work for Pennsylvania State University, And help UN IPCC, NRC, etc., But I am not representing them, Just me. Climate Change: Opportunities in the Greenhouse Richard B. Alley, Evan Pugh Professor of Geosciences and Associate of the Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, 2010 University Turbine Systems Research Workshop, Penn State Energy * You eat about 2400 Calories per day; * You use over 240,000 Calories per day; * Like having 100+ serfs to do your bidding; * Driving, heating, cooling, pumping, plowing, trucking, flying, cooking... * Almost all from oil, coal and natural gas (fossil fuels). http://www.explorepahistory.com/ (Pennsylvania State Education Association) Settlers cut almost all Pennsylvania trees, often
Wire detecting apparatus and method
This invention is comprised of an apparatus and method that combines a signal generator and a passive signal receiver to detect and record the path of partially or completely concealed electrical wiring without disturbing the concealing surface. The signal generator applies a series of electrical pulses to the selected wiring of interest. The applied pulses create a magnetic field about the wiring that can be detected by a coil contained within the signal receiver. An audible output connected to the receiver and driven by the coil reflects the receiver`s position with respect to the wiring. The receiver`s audible signal is strongest when the receiver is directly above the wiring and the long axis of the receiver`s coil is parallel to the wiring. A marking means is mounted on the receiver to mark the location of the wiring as the receiver is directed over the wiring`s concealing surface. Numerous marks made on various locations of the concealing surface will trace the path of the wiring of interest.
Kronberg, J.W.
Dual wire welding torch and method
A welding torch includes a nozzle with a first welding wire guide configured to orient a first welding wire in a first welding wire orientation, and a second welding wire guide configured to orient a second welding wire in a second welding wire orientation that is non-coplanar and divergent with respect to the first welding wire orientation. A method of welding includes moving a welding torch with respect to a workpiece joint to be welded. During moving the welding torch, a first welding wire is fed through a first welding wire guide defining a first welding wire orientation and a second welding wire is fed through a second welding wire guide defining a second welding wire orientation that is divergent and non-coplanar with respect to the first welding wire orientation.
Diez, Fernando Martinez (Peoria, IL); Stump, Kevin S. (Sherman, IL); Ludewig, Howard W. (Groveland, IL); Kilty, Alan L. (Peoria, IL); Robinson, Matthew M. (Peoria, IL); Egland, Keith M. (Peoria, IL)
Glass Drawing for Wire Arrays
The size of the wafer is limited only by how much fiber is bundled prior to fusion. Since the wire is not actually being drawn, ...
high strength steel wire products
This Table of Contents is from Metallurgy, Processing, and Applications of Metal Wires--State of the Art Technology and Challenges for the Future published by�...
This technical report evaluates and develops options for reducing the amount of steel in the emplacement drift invert. Concepts developed in the ''Invert Configuration and Drip Shield Interface'' were evaluated to determine material properties required for the proposed invert concepts. Project requirements documents prescribe the use of a carbon steel frame for the invert with a granular material of crushed tuff as ballast. The ''Invert Configuration and Drip Shield Interface'' developed three concepts: (1) All-Ballast Invert; (2) Modified Steel Invert with Ballast; and (3) Steel Tie with Ballast Invert. Analysis of the steel frame members, runway beams, and guide beams, for the modified steel invert with ballast, decreased the quantity of steel in the emplacement drift invert, however a substantial steel support frame for the gantry and waste package/pallet assembly is still required. Use of one of the other two concepts appears to be an alternative to the steel frame and each of the concepts uses considerably less steel materials. Analysis of the steel tie with ballast invert shows that the bearing pressure on the ballast under the single steel tie, C 9 x 20, loaded with the waste package/pallet assembly, drip shield, and backfill exceeds the upper bound of the allowable bearing capacity for tuff used in this study. The single tie, C 10 x 20, will also fail for the same loading condition except for the tie length of 4.2 meters and longer. Analysis also shows that with two ties, C 9 or 10 x 20's, the average ballast pressure is less than the allowable bearing capacity. Distributing the waste package/pallet, drip shield, and backfill loads to two steel ties reduces the contact bearing pressure. Modifying the emplacement pallet end beams to a greater width, reducing the tie spacing, and increasing the width of the ties would ensure that the pallet beams are always supported by two steel ties. Further analysis is required to determine compatible tie size and spacing and pallet beam width. Testing is also required to determine the bearing capacity of the tuff materials. Analysis of the all-ballast invert shows that the waste package/pallet assembly, as currently designed, can be supported by the compacted crushed tuff. The drip shield and related backfill loads cannot be supported by the compacted crushed tuff because of the narrow base angle that currently supports the drip shield. Increasing the width of the base angle of the drip shield will better distribute the drip shield and backfill load to the compacted crushed tuff. Testing is required to determine the bearing capacity of the tuff materials. Emplacement/retrieval equipment will also require analysis and development to be compatible with the all-ballast invert.
M. E. Taylor and D. H. Tang
Improved superconducting magnet wire
This invention is directed to a superconducting tape or wire composed of alternating layers of copper and a niobium-containing superconductor such as niobium of NbTi, Nb/sub 3/Sn or Nb/sub 3/Ge. In general, each layer of the niobium-containing superconductor has a thickness in the range of about 0.05 to 1.5 times its coherence length (which for Nb/sub 3/Si is 41 A) with each copper layer having a thickness in the range of about 170 to 600 A. With the use of very thin layers of the niobium composition having a thickness within the desired range, the critical field (H/sub c/) may be increased by factors of 2 to 4. Also, the thin layers of the superconductor permit the resulting tape or wire to exhibit suitable ductility for winding on a magnet core. These compositions are also characterized by relatively high values of critical temperature and therefore will exhibit a combination of useful properties as superconductors.
Schuller, I.K.; Ketterson, J.B.
LANL Foundation conference draws teachers
LANL Foundation Conference Draws Teachers LANL Foundation Conference Draws Teachers Community Connections: Our link to Northern New Mexico Communities Latest Issue:Dec. 2013 - Jan. 2014 All Issues » submit LANL Foundation conference draws teachers The conference was made possible by a financial investment from LANS, LLC in the Foundation's Inquiry Science Education Consortium and from the Department of Energy. November 1, 2012 dummy image Read our archives Contacts Editor Linda Anderman Email Community Programs Office Kurt Steinhaus Email Close to 1,500 people, including teachers, principals, and others, attended the recent Los Alamos National Laboratory Foundation's 15th annual education conference. The speakers included Harry K. and Rosemary Wong on the subject of ""Effective Teaching."
Definition: Controllable and Regulating Inverter | Open Energy Information
Controllable and Regulating Inverter Controllable and Regulating Inverter Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Controllable and Regulating Inverter Inverters are used to convert Direct Current (DC), the form of electricity produced by solar panels and batteries, to Alternating Current (AC), the form of electricity that comes from most wall plugs. A controllable/regulating inverter can adjust its output to help control voltage and power factor, enabling it to provide grid support. This is important because today, inverter standards are designed to prevent inverters from trying to regulate power beyond the point where they are connected to the grid.[1] Related Terms Direct Current, Alternating Current, electricity generation, inverter References ↑ https://www.smartgrid.gov/category/technology/controllable_and_regulating_inverter
Deformation mechanisms beneath shallow foundations
E-Print Network (OSTI)
. Where sufficient capacity is available near the ground surface, projects such as low-rise buildings (up to about five storeys in height), houses, tanks and even wind turbines might adopt a shallow foundation system. 1.2 Shallow Foundations Shallow... and drying procedure is followed. Figures 1.1(b) and 1.1(c) show a wind turbine shallow foundation during the concrete pour stage, and a completed rectangular footing with column reinforcement respectively. Two issues are considered in the design of shallow...
McMahon, Brendan
Torpedo Speciality Wire Inc | Open Energy Information
Torpedo Speciality Wire Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Torpedo Speciality Wire Inc Place Rocky Mount, North Carolina Zip 27804 Sector Solar Product North Carolina-based maker...
Ignition and spread of electrical wire fires
pilot source, placed in the center of the wire sample to initiate ignition, which heats the wire through both convection (major) and radiation (
Huang, Xinyan
Diamond Wire Technology LLC | Open Energy Information
Wire Technology LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name Diamond Wire Technology LLC Place Colorado Springs, Colorado Zip 80916 Sector Solar Product US-based manufacturer of diamond...
Using Cascade Multilevel Inverters Fang Zheng Peng, Senior Member...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
power flows into the inverter for positive Icd and out from the inverter for negative led. The SVG generates leading reactive power when IC, is positive and lagging reactive...
Excavationless Exterior Foundation Insulation Exploratory
Excavationless Exterior Foundation Excavationless Exterior Foundation Insulation Exploratory Study NorthernSTAR Building America Team Garrett Mosiman Technical Approach The project begins with the concept of an "excavationless" exterior foundation insulation upgrade that is cost-competitive with current methods, and involves little impact to existing landscape and site features. Process: 1. Literature review to establish the building science case for the advantages of exterior foundation insulation vs. interior insulation 2. Presentation and analysis of two exterior, full-excavation exterior insulation upgrades to establish a base case for costs 3. Survey of five typical twin-cities neighborhoods to categorize and quantify typical obstructions 4. Web-based search to identify available materials and technologies that have
Charge Controller and Inverter: for Solar Panel
The main purpose of this project is to design an inverter that will enable the inversion of a DC power source, supplied by Photovoltaic (PV) Cells, to an AC power source that will be either used to supply a load or connected directly to the utility grid. ...
Hadaate Ullah; Golam Moktader Nayeem; Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan
Pulse width modulation inverter with battery charger
An inverter is connected between a source of DC power and a three-phase AC induction motor, and a microprocessor-based circuit controls the inverter using pulse width modulation techniques. In the disclosed method of pulse width modulation, both edges of each pulse of a carrier pulse train are equally modulated by a time proportional to sin [theta], where [theta] is the angular displacement of the pulse center at the motor stator frequency from a fixed reference point on the carrier waveform. The carrier waveform frequency is a multiple of the motor stator frequency. The modulated pulse train is then applied to each of the motor phase inputs with respective phase shifts of 120[degree] at the stator frequency. Switching control commands for electronic switches in the inverter are stored in a random access memory (RAM) and the locations of the RAM are successively read out in a cyclic manner, each bit of a given RAM location controlling a respective phase input of the motor. The DC power source preferably comprises rechargeable batteries and all but one of the electronic switches in the inverter can be disabled, the remaining electronic switch being part of a flyback'' DC-DC converter circuit for recharging the battery. 11 figs.
Slicker, J.M.
An inverter is connected between a source of DC power and a three-phase AC induction motor, and a microprocessor-based circuit controls the inverter using pulse width modulation techniques. In the disclosed method of pulse width modulation, both edges of each pulse of a carrier pulse train are equally modulated by a time proportional to sin .theta., where .theta. is the angular displacement of the pulse center at the motor stator frequency from a fixed reference point on the carrier waveform. The carrier waveform frequency is a multiple of the motor stator frequency. The modulated pulse train is then applied to each of the motor phase inputs with respective phase shifts of 120.degree. at the stator frequency. Switching control commands for electronic switches in the inverter are stored in a random access memory (RAM) and the locations of the RAM are successively read out in a cyclic manner, each bit of a given RAM location controlling a respective phase input of the motor. The DC power source preferably comprises rechargeable batteries and all but one of the electronic switches in the inverter can be disabled, the remaining electronic switch being part of a "flyback" DC-DC converter circuit for recharging the battery.
Slicker, James M. (Union Lake, MI)
A delta configured auxiliary resonant snubber inverter
A delta ({Delta}) configured auxiliary resonant snubber inverter is developed to overcome the voltage floating problem in a wye (Y) configured resonant snubber inverter. The proposed inverter is to connect auxiliary resonant branches between phase outputs to avoid a floating point voltage which may cause over-voltage failure of the auxiliary switches. Each auxiliary branch consists of a resonant inductor and a reverse blocking auxiliary switch. Instead of using an anti-paralleled diode to allow resonant current to flow in the reverse direction, as in the Y-configured version, the resonant branch in the {Delta}-configured version must block the negative voltage, typically done by a series diode. This paper shows single-phase and three-phase versions of {Delta}-configured resonant snubber inverters and describes in detail the operating principle of a single-phase version. The extended three-phase version is proposed with non-adjacent state space vector modulation. For hardware implementation, a single-phase 1-kW unit and a three-phase 100-kW unit were built to prove the concept. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed topology.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W.; Ott, G.W. Jr.; McKeever, J.W. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Engineering Technology Div.; Peng, F.Z. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)]|[Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Solar | Department...
Solar Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Solar Watch the DOE Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on solar renewable energy by clicking on the .swf link...
Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Wind...
Wind Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Wind Watch the DOE Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on wind renewable energy by clicking on the .swf...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy...
Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy Planning Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy Planning Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Hydroelectric |...
Hydroelectric Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Hydroelectric Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on hydroelectric...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Electricity Grid...
Electricity Grid Basics Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Electricity Grid Basics Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar...
Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Biomass...
Biomass Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Biomass Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on biomass renewable...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Geothermal | Department...
Other Agencies You are here Home Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Geothermal Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Geothermal Watch the U.S. Department of...
Federal Energy Management Program: National Science Foundation...
Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica to someone by E-mail Share Federal Energy Management Program: National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica on Facebook Tweet...
Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources
This report discusses issues and provides solutions for dealing with fault current contributions from inverter-based distributed energy resources.
Keller, J.; Kroposki, B.
Plasma chemistry in wire chambers
The phenomenology of wire chamber aging is discussed and fundamentals of proportional counters are presented. Free-radical polymerization and plasma polymerization are discussed. The chemistry of wire aging is reviewed. Similarities between wire chamber plasma (>1 atm dc-discharge) and low-pressure rf-discharge plasmas, which have been more widely studied, are suggested. Construction and use of a system to allow study of the plasma reactions occurring in wire chambers is reported. A proportional tube irradiated by an {sup 55}Fe source is used as a model wire chamber. Condensable species in the proportional tube effluent are concentrated in a cryotrap and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Several different wire chamber gases (methane, argon/methane, ethane, argon/ethane, propane, argon/isobutane) are tested and their reaction products qualitatively identified. For all gases tested except those containing methane, use of hygroscopic filters to remove trace water and oxygen contaminants from the gas resulted in an increase in the average molecular weight of the products, consistent with results from low-pressure rf-discharge plasmas. It is suggested that because water and oxygen inhibit polymer growth in the gas phase that they may also reduce polymer deposition in proportional tubes and therefore retard wire aging processes. Mechanistic implications of the plasma reactions of hydrocarbons with oxygen are suggested. Unresolved issues in this work and proposals for further study are discussed.
Wise, J.
Qatar Foundation | Open Energy Information
Qatar Foundation Qatar Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Name Qatar Foundation Place Doha, Qatar Sector Solar Product Qatar-based foundation that is focused on education, scientific research and community development. The foundation is involved in research on climate change and clean energy and is part owner of project developer Qatar Solar Technologies. Coordinates 25.343065°, 51.493193° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":25.343065,"lon":51.493193,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Inverter control systems in the residential heat pump air conditioner
A compressor capacity control with an inverter has been considered from the viewpoint of high energy saving in a refrigerating cycle. However, the system has not been put into practical use because of high initial cost, technical problems of electronic parts, and complexity of system control. In this connection, we developed the new inverter-controlled heat-pump air conditioner by using the latest electronics and refrigeration technology. This paper discusses the trend of energy saving in air conditioners in Japan and the objectives of developing the inverter controlled air conditioner. It also discusses the following items with respect to the inverter controlled air conditioner and the effects of employing an inverter: 1. Inverter for air conditioning; 2. Refrigeration cycle; 3. Air conditioner control with inverter.
Shimma, Y.; Tateuchi, T.; Suglura, H.
Foundation Capital.txt - Notepad
Foundation Capital.txt Foundation Capital.txt From: Michael Bauer [email@example.com] Sent: Thursday, April 16, 2009 11:20 AM To: GC-62 Subject: Fed Register comments Dear Sir or Lady, Per Wendolyn Holland's request, here are my comments: (i) What improvements to the existing transactions (e.g. CRADAs, WFOs, User Agreements, etc.) would you suggest that DOE consider? Most obvious problem is cost of resources at national labs, which is much higher than at universities and other institutions due to imputed overhead. These costs should be reviewed to find whether they're a) really reflective of real costs at the labs, b)whether they truly reflect unique capabilities that justify the higher cost vs. comparable institutions. It's telling that many of the labs themselves tend to outsource certain research
Decomposition Of Invertible And Conformal Transformations
In this article, we give a geometric description for any invertible operator on a finite dimensional inner--product space. With the aid of such a description, we are able to decompose any given conformal transformation as a product of planar rotations, a planar rotation or reflection and a scalar transformation. Also, we are able to conclude that an orthogonal transformation is a product of planar rotations and a planar rotation or a reflection.
Srikanth K. V.; Raj Bhawan Yadav
Inverter testing at Sandia National Laboratories
Inverters are key building blocks of photovoltaic (PV) systems that produce ac power. The balance of systems (BOS) portion of a PV system can account for up to 50% of the system cost, and its reliable operation is essential for a successful PV system. As part of its BOS program, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) maintains a laboratory wherein accurate electrical measurements of power systems can be made under a variety of conditions. This paper outlines the work that is done in that laboratory.
Ginn, J.W.; Bonn, R.H.; Sittler, G. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Photovoltaic System Components Dept.
Sizing of Overhead Ground Wires for Lightning
Overhead ground wires, or shield wires, are placed on transmission lines as air terminals for lightning strikes to shield the phase conductors from direct strikes. Although of short duration, lightning strikes to ground wires may result in significant damage. Utilities are increasingly using optical fiber ground wires (OPGWs), and severe damage to the OPGWs could result in failure of the communication link. There is renewed interest in the dimensioning and testing of ground wires for improved ...
Foundation Insulation for Existing Homes
How Do We Retrofit Tough Buildings? Foundation Insulation for Existing Homes Building America Technical Update April 29 & 30, 2013 Patrick H. Huelman Cold Climate Housing Coordinator University of Minnesota Extension Foundation Insulation for Existing Homes * Context - Focused on basements and crawlspaces. - Aimed at cold climates (Climate Zones 6 & 7). - Generally aimed at liquid active walls. * Approach - Managing risks - Current solutions & best practices - Evaluating new approaches * Primary focus is to reduce energy use by 30 to 50% with emphasis on existing homes. * Promote building science solutions using a systems engineering and integrated design approach. * "Do no harm" => must ensure that safety, health, and durability are maintained or improved.
Status and Needs of Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Inverters
Photovoltaics is the utility connected distributed energy resource (DER) that is in widespread use today. It has one element, the inverter, which is common with all DER sources except rotating generators. The inverter is required to transfer dc energy to ac energy. With all the DER technologies, (solar, wind, fuel cells, and microturbines) the inverter is still an immature product that will result in reliability problems in fielded systems. Today, the PV inverter is a costly and complex component of PV systems that produce ac power. Inverter MTFF (mean time to first failure) is currently unacceptable. Low inverter reliability contributes to unreliable fielded systems and a loss of confidence in renewable technology. The low volume of PV inverters produced restricts the manufacturing to small suppliers without sophisticated research and reliability programs or manufacturing methods. Thus, the present approach to PV inverter supply has low probability of meeting DOE reliability goals. DOE investments in power electronics are intended to address the reliability and cost of power electronics. This report details the progress of power electronics, identifies technologies that are in current use, and explores new approaches that can provide significant improvements in inverter reliability while leading to lower cost. A key element to improved inverter design is the systems approach to design. This approach includes a list of requirements for the product being designed and a preliminary requirements document is a part of this report. Finally, the design will be for a universal inverter that can be applied to several technologies. The objective of a universal inverter is to increase the quantity being manufactured so that mass-manufacturing techniques can be applied. The report includes the requirements and recommended design approaches for a new inverter with a ten-year mean time to first failure (MTFF) and with lower cost. This development will constitute a ''leap forward'' in capability that leverages emerging technologies and best manufacturing processes to produce a new, high reliability, inverter. The targeted inverter size is from two to ten kilowatts. The report is organized into four sections. A brief introduction by Sandia is followed by Section Two from Millennium Technologies (a company with UPS experience). Section Three is provided by Xantrex (a PV manufacturing company) and the University of Minnesota provided Section Four. This report is very detailed and provides inverter design information that is irrelevant to the layman. It is intended to be a comprehensive documentation of proven technology and the manufacturing skills required to produce a high reliability inverter. An accompanying report will provide a summary of the recommended approach for inverter development.
Plasma arc torch with coaxial wire feed
A plasma arc welding apparatus having a coaxial wire feed. The apparatus includes a plasma arc welding torch, a wire guide disposed coaxially inside of the plasma arc welding torch, and a hollow non-consumable electrode. The coaxial wire guide feeds non-electrified filler wire through the tip of the hollow non-consumable electrode during plasma arc welding. Non-electrified filler wires as small as 0.010 inches can be used. This invention allows precision control of the positioning and feeding of the filler wire during plasma arc welding. Since the non-electrified filler wire is fed coaxially through the center of the plasma arc torch's electrode and nozzle, the wire is automatically aimed at the optimum point in the weld zone. Therefore, there is no need for additional equipment to position and feed the filler wire from the side before or during welding.
Hooper, Frederick M (Albuquerque, NM)
Vehicles - ORNL inverter a boost for EVs . . . | ornl.gov
Vehicles - ORNL inverter a boost for EVs . . . Vehicles - ORNL inverter a boost for EVs . . . Less expensive, lighter and more efficient inverters could put hybrid electric vehicles on the highway to improved viability. While batteries receive a lot of attention, Oak Ridge National Laboratory inventor Gui-Jia Su noted that inverters, which convert direct current into alternating current, play an equally important role in powering hybrid electric vehicles. The patent-pending ORNL inverter is more compact, reduces battery losses, improves operating conditions and reliability, and can be operated in high-temperature conditions. The inverter also significantly reduces undesirable motor torque ripples, which increase or decrease output torque as the output shaft rotates. In addition to uses in hybrid electric
Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with seperate DC sources
A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations.
Peng, Fang Zheng (Oak Ridge, TN); Lai, Jih-Sheng (Knoxville, TN)
Peng, Fang Zheng (Knoxville, TN); Lai, Jih-Sheng (Blacksburg, VA)
Novel multilevel inverter carrier-based PWM method
The advent of the transformerless multilevel inverter topology has brought forth various pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes as a means to control the switching of the active devices in each of the multiple voltage levels in the inverter. An analysis of how existing multilevel carrier-based PWM affects switch utilization for the different levels of a diode-clamped inverter is conducted. Two novel carrier-based multilevel PWM schemes are presented which help to optimize or balance the switch utilization in multilevel inverters. A 10-kW prototype six-level diode-clamped inverter has been built and controlled with the novel PWM strategies proposed in this paper to act as a voltage-source inverter for a motor drive.
Tolbert, L.M.; Habetler, T.G.
Discrete pulse modulation strategies for high-frequency inverter systems
High-performance high-frequency inverter systems for UPS applications represent a demanding application that cannot be easily realized using conventional hard-switched PWM inverter topologies. Adoption of typical soft-switched inverters such as the resonant dc link inverter require the use of discrete pulse modulation strategies. New controller structures are necessary to cope with stringent voltage regulation and distortion constraints in the presence of unbalanced and nonlinear loads. This paper presents a controller that utilizes load current feed-forward strategy with a cost function current regulator to achieve excellent transient performance characteristics. Voltage regulation is ensured using a synchronous frame regulator. Detailed simulation and experimental results verifying the concepts are presented. Although this paper focuses on soft-switching inverters, the control concepts can be applied to conventional hard-switching inverters as well.
Venkataramanan, G. (Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering); Divan, D.M. (Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering); Jahns, T.M. (General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY (United States))
Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with separate DC sources
A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations. 15 figs.
Peng, F.Z.; Lai, J.S.
Preparation of Aluminum Nickel Nanosized Powders by Pulsed Wire ...
With the direct heating of wire by the current, the whole wire evaporates within a few microseconds and then condenses in inert gas. Wound wires with two or�...
Laser Cladding with Hybrid Hot Wire - Programmaster.org
Presentation Title, Laser Cladding with Hybrid Hot Wire ... The Laser Hot Wire process is used to deposit solid and cored wire products onto hydraulic shafts and�...
Wire Making Techniques - HTS Coated Conductors - Fact Sheet ...
Wire Making Techniques - HTS Coated Conductors - Fact Sheet Wire Making Techniques - HTS Coated Conductors - Fact Sheet Wire Making Techniques - HTS Coated Conductors - Fact Sheet...
High efficiency inverter and ballast circuits
A high efficiency push-pull inverter circuit employing a pair of relatively high power switching transistors is described. The switching on and off of the transistors is precisely controlled to minimize power losses due to common-mode conduction or due to transient conditions that occur in the process of turning a transistor on or off. Two current feed-back transformers are employed in the transistor base drives; one being saturable for providing a positive feedback, and the other being non-saturable for providing a subtractive feedback.
Nilssen, O.K.
Operating standby redundant controller to improve voltage source inverter reliability .
??This thesis presents a control architecture that achieves operating standby redundancy for a voltage source inverter controller. The system was designed to increase reliability by� (more)
Blevins, Stephen T.
Role of inverters in grid of the future
... SiC-based components Control systems for inverters Better plastics in packaging that lasts more than 10-15 years. Technology ...
Controlling engine exhaust gas recirculation and vacuum inverter
Engine manifold vacuum is inverted by an in-line vacuum inverter which provides a power source for an egr valve actuator for providing desired egr flow in a predetermined range of engine power loading and egr flow is cut off outside the range. The invention utilizes a vacuum inverter employing a pair of spaced diaphragms for controlling an atmospheric air bleed valve to a vacuum chamber powered by manifold vacuum. The diaphragms are spring loaded so as to seek equilibrium positions as vacuum in the chamber varies force. The inverter produces a vacuum output signal which changes inversely with changes in engine manifold vacuum.
Bradshaw, C.E.; Uitvlugt, M.W.
2012 SG Peer Review - Smart Inverter Controls and Microgrid Interopera...
* On-gridislanding modes * MG Energy Management * Integration of renewables d Multiple smart inverters Flexible test bed Tech transfer MG architecture FY12: 12% Load...
Lightweight PV Inverters: Dual Bi-Directional IGBTs Modules Enables Breakthrough PV Inverter Using Current Modulation Topology
Solar ADEPT Project: PV inverters convert DC power generated by modules into usable AC power. IPC�s initial 30kW 94lb. PV inverter reduces the weight of comparable 30kW PV inverters by 90%�reducing the cost of materials, manufacturing, shipping, and installation. With ARPA-E support, new bi-directional silicon power switches will be developed, commercialized, and utilized in IPC�s next-generation PV inverter. With these components, IPC will produce 100kW inverters that weight less than 100lb., reducing the weight of conventional 3,000lb. 100kW inverters by more than 95%. The new power switches will cut IPC�s $/W manufacturing cost in half, as well as further reduce indirect shipping and installation costs.
Cognitive Foundations for Visual Analytics
In this report, we provide an overview of scientific/technical literature on information visualization and VA. Topics discussed include an update and overview of the extensive literature search conducted for this study, the nature and purpose of the field, major research thrusts, and scientific foundations. We review methodologies for evaluating and measuring the impact of VA technologies as well as taxonomies that have been proposed for various purposes to support the VA community. A cognitive science perspective underlies each of these discussions.
Greitzer, Frank L.; Noonan, Christine F.; Franklin, Lyndsey
Building Momentum UC San Diego Foundation
investment vehicle for the Foundation's endowed contributions. The Short-Term Invest- ment Pool (STIP), which. The Foundation's investment in the university's STIP and HIP is considered to be an investment in an external
Russell, Lynn
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Foundation parameter study
The dynamic failure criterion governing the dimensions of prototype Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Foundations is treated as a variable parameter. The resulting change in foundation dimensions and costs is examined.
Lodde, P.F.
Electrical wire insulation and electromagnetic coil
An electromagnetic coil for high temperature and high radiation application in which glass is used to insulate the electrical wire. A process for applying the insulation to the wire is disclosed which results in improved insulation properties.
Bich, George J. (Penn Hills, PA); Gupta, Tapan K. (Monroeville, PA)
Dual Mode Inverter Control Test Verification
Permanent Magnet Motors with either sinusoidal back emf (permanent magnet synchronous motor [PMSM]) or trapezoidal back emf (brushless dc motor [BDCM]) do not have the ability to alter the air gap flux density (field weakening). Since the back emf increases with speed, the system must be designed to operate with the voltage obtained at its highest speed. Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center (PEEMRC) has developed a dual mode inverter controller (DMIC) that overcomes this disadvantage. This report summarizes the results of tests to verify its operation. The standard PEEMRC 75 kW hard-switched inverter was modified to implement the field weakening procedure (silicon controlled rectifier enabled phase advance). A 49.5 hp motor rated at 2800 rpm was derated to a base of 400 rpm and 7.5 hp. The load developed by a Kahn Industries hydraulic dynamometer, was measured with a MCRT9-02TS Himmelstein and Company torque meter. At the base conditions a current of 212 amperes produced the 7.5 hp. Tests were run at 400, 1215, and 2424 rpm. In each run, the current was no greater than 214 amperes. The horsepower obtained in the three runs were 7.5, 9.3, and 8.12. These results verified the basic operation of the DMIC in producing a Constant Power Speed Ratios (CPSR) of six.
Bailey, J.M.
Adaptable Inverter for Injection of Fuel Cell and Photovoltaic Power
important to apply renewable energies and efficient technologies. For power injection of photovoltaic with different energy sources such as photovoltaic, fuel cell and battery. It is possible to adjust active inverter. These inverters for injection of photovoltaic energy are developed only for this purpose
Kulig, Stefan
Optimal Dispatch of Photovoltaic Inverters in Residential Distribution Systems
- fined limit. The premise for these active power curtailment (APC) strategies is that the resistance method for determining the active- and reactive-power set points for PV inverters in resi- dential. Index Terms--Distribution networks, inverter control, photo- voltaic systems, optimal power flow
Giannakis, Georgios
Scalable techniques for document identifier assignment in inverted indexes
Web search engines depend on the full-text inverted index data structure. Because the query processing performance is so dependent on the size of the inverted index, a plethora of research has focused on fast end effective techniques for compressing ... Keywords: documentID reassignment, index compression
Shuai Ding; Josh Attenberg; Torsten Suel
Droop-Controlled Inverters in Microgrids are Kuramoto Oscillators
Droop-Controlled Inverters in Microgrids are Kuramoto Oscillators John W. Simpson-Porco Florian D and renewable energy, we study the parallel operation of DC/AC inverters in a lossless microgrid. We show; Electric power systems; Load flow solutions; 1. INTRODUCTION Microgrids appear to be the most natural
Bullo, Francesco
Phase Locked Loop Control of Inverters in a Microgrid
Phase Locked Loop Control of Inverters in a Microgrid Matthew Surprenant Dept of ECE University Venkataramanan Dept of ECE University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA Abstract--Microgrids are small for inverter-based microsources within a mi- crogrid. The general control philosophy within a microgrid
Hiskens, Ian A.
Results of Sandia National Laboratories grid-tied inverter testing
This paper proposes a definition for a Non-Islanding Inverter. This paper also presents methods that can be used to implement such an inverter, along with references to prior work on the subject. Justification for the definition is provided on both a theoretical basis and results from tests conducted at Sandia National Laboratories and Ascension Technology, Inc.
Kern, G.A. [Ascension Technology, Inc., Boulder, CO (United States); Bonn, R.H.; Ginn, J.; Gonzalez, S. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Zero-switching-loss inverters for high-power applications
The development of zero-switching-loss inverters has attracted much interest for industrial applications. The resonant dc link inverter (RDCLI) provides a simple and robust approach for realizing switching frequencies >20 kHz in multi-kilowatt systems but impresses substantial voltage stress (-- 2.5 supply voltage) across the devices. Two alternate topologies for realizing zero switching losses in high-power converters are proposed. The actively clamped resonant dc-link inverter (ACRLI) uses the concept of a lossless active clamp to restrict voltage stresses to only 1.3-1.5 supply voltage (V/sub s/) while maintaining a mode of operation similar to the RDCLI. For applications demanding substantially superior spectral performance, the resonant pole inverter (RPI), also called the quasi-resonant current mode inverter (QRCMI), is proposed as a viable topology. Detailed analysis, simulation, and experimental results are presented to verify operation principles of both power converters.
Divan, D.M.; Skibinski, G. (Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI (USA). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Analysis of inverter models and harmonic propagation. Part III. Transient processes in inverter models
Part III of a three part study presents the theoretical analysis and the experimental verification of transient processes that arise in the photovoltaic power system during its normal commutational operations. A general description of the transient processes problem and the method of analysis is presented. The transient processes in the inverter model with an inductive filter are analyzed for both the discontinuous and the continuous currents on the dc side of the inverter, and the problem of transient processes due to the change in illumination level is discussed. Transient processes in the inverter model with capacitive filter are analyzed with special emphasis on the process that arises in the photovoltaic power system immediately after the first ignition of the thyristors. The influence of the operating point of the solar cell array on the transient process is discussed. A sequence for optimal operations is recommended. Part I of the study (SAND 7040/1) contains a detailed description of the microcomputer based simulator that represents the output characteristics of the five commercially available types of solar cell arrays under different environmental conditions, and Part II (SAND 7040/2) describes the harmonics in the photovoltaic power system.
Slonim, M.A.; Stanek, E.K.
Experimental Analysis of Variable Capacity Heat Pump Systems equipped with a liquid-cooled frequency inverter.
?? Using an inverter-driven compressor in variable capacity heat pump systems has a main drawback, which is the extra loss in the inverter. The present� (more)
Ebraheem, Thair
Method and apparatus for laying wire arrays
Wire arrays (11) having a continuous wire (12) which is formed into a predetermined pattern and adhered to a backing material or substrate (13) are fabricated by applying adhesive material (16a, 16b) along opposite edge portions (17, 18) of the substrate, positioning a row of winding spools (21) along each of the edge portions and repeatedly extending the wire between and around successive spools at the opposite edge portions. The wound wire is then traveled along each spool toward the substrate and into contact with the adhesive. The spools are then removed and a coating of hardenable material (54) is applied to secure the wound wire to the substrate. Tension in the wire is relieved prior to contact of the wire with the adhesive and a small amount of slack is introduced into the wire before the final coating step. Mechanism (32) is provided for lifting the spools away from the substrate without disturbing the wound wire. The method and apparatus enable manufacture of precisely configured wire arrays without complex or costly equipment and do not require structural alterations in the substrate for the purpose of accommodating to fabrication equipment.
Horowitz, Seymour M. (6525 Swainland Dr., Oakland, CA 94611); Nesbitt, Dale D. (1712 Marin Ave., Berkeley, CA 94707)
Foundation and Computing Research Center.
w w w w. s a n d i a . g o v The idea drove a wave of technology that transformed society so that today, people carry cell phones that are little supercomputers. But the Moore's Law era - which lasted far longer than Moore himself expected - is coming to an end. The speed of laptops and desktops has plateaued while the power required to run systems is rising sharply. And industry can't continue cramming more transistors onto chips indefinitely. Major change is about a decade away, says Rob Leland, director of Sandia National Laboratories' Computing and information Sciences (CiS) Research Foundation and Computing Research Center. "We need a new type of computing device, new materials, new designs, and it's not at all clear what that should be," Leland says. "it has to be something
Textural break foundation wall construction modules
Below-grade, textural-break foundation wall structures are provided for inhibiting diffusion and advection of liquids and gases into and out from a surrounding hydrogeologic environment. The foundation wall structure includes a foundation wall having an interior and exterior surface and a porous medium disposed around a portion of the exterior surface. The structure further includes a modular barrier disposed around a portion of the porous medium. The modular barrier is substantially removable from the hydrogeologic environment.
Phillips, Steven J. (Kennewick, WA)
Beam buckling on random elastic foundations.
??This thesis explores the impact of the seafloor on the buckling load of an undersea pipeline via beam on elastic foundation buckling theory. Undersea pipelines� (more)
Bee, Geoffrey
Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Research Foundations...
Starodub and Kevin McCarty around the Low Energy Electron Microscope used to study graphene growth. Sandia's Materials Science Research Foundation works to understand materials...
Foundation and Moisture Control Research Project | Department...
Project The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently conducting research into building foundation and moisture control technologies. Moisture is a significant market...
Direct Comparison of Inverted and Non-Inverted Growths of GaInP Solar Cells: Preprint
The inverted growth of III-V solar cells presents some specific challenges that are not present in regular, non-inverted growths. Because the highly doped top contact layer is grown first, followed by the lengthy high-temperature growth of the remainder of the structure, there is ample time for the dopants in the contact layer to diffuse away. This leads to an increase in the contact resistance to the top layer, and a corresponding drop in voltage. The diffusion of dopants in other layers is similarly altered with respect to the non-inverted configuration because of the change in growth sequence. We compare the dopant profiles of inverted and non-inverted structures by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy and correlate the results with the observed performance of the devices. We also describe a technique for growing a GaInAsN contact layer in the inverted configuration and show that it achieves a specific contact resistance comparable to what is normally observed in non-inverted cells.
Steiner, M. A.; Geisz, J. F.; Reedy Jr, R.C.; Kurtz, S.
Spectroscopic research of underwater electrical wire explosion
Results of spectroscopic research in the visible range of light of the radiation generated by underwater electrical wire explosions (UEWE) are presented. A pulsed generator with an output voltage of {approx}110 kV, current of {approx}70 kA, and rise time of {approx}60 ns was used for electrical explosion of Cu wires 0.1 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length. It was shown that UEWE is not governed by the 'polarity' effect, which plays an important role in electrical wire explosions in vacuum. The results of detailed space- and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements show that the radiation spectrum differs significantly of the spectrum expected from the exploding wire. A model is suggested based on the formation of a few {mu}m 'water' plasma layer in the vicinity of the exploding wire plasma which efficiently absorbs the radiation of the exploding wire.
Fedotov, A.; Sheftman, D.; Gurovich, V. Tz.; Efimov, S.; Bazilitski, G.; Krasik, Ya. E. [Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa (Israel); Oreshkin, V. I. [Institute of High Current Electronics, RAS, Tomsk (Russian Federation)
Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction (IMM) Cell Processing Instructions
This technical report details the processing schedule used to fabricate Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction (IMM) concentrator solar cells at The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). These devices are used as experimental test structures to support the research at NREL that is focused on increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic power conversion. They are not intended to be devices suitable for deployment in working concentrator systems primarily because of heat sinking issues. The process schedule was developed to be compatible with small sample sizes and to afford relatively rapid turn-around times, in support of research efforts. The report describes the use of electro deposition of gold for both the back and front contacts. Electro-deposition is used because of its rapid turn around time and because it is a benign metallization technique that is seldom responsible for damage to the semiconductors. The layer transfer technique is detailed including the use of a commercially available adhesive and the etching away of the parent gallium arsenide substrate. Photolithography is used to define front contact grids as well as the mesa area of the cell. Finally, the selective wet chemical etchant system is introduced and its use to reveal the back contact is described.
Duda, A.; Ward, S.; Young, M.
Mixed and Dynamic Response of Hot Wires and Cold Wires and Measurements of Turbulence Statistics
Hot wires respond to temperature as well as to velocity, whereas cold wires respond to velocity as well as to temperature. The static and dynamic response characteristics are summarized and it is shown that the frequency transfer functions for ...
S. E. Larsen; J. Hojstrup; C. W. Fairall
High Strength Gold Wire for Microelectronics Miniaturization ...
ISU and Ames Laboratory researchers have developed a high strength gold wire for use in microelectronics that can maintain its electrical and mechanical properties ...
ORNL superconducting wire yields unprecedented performance |...
ORNL | News | News Releases | 2013 SHARE Media Contact: Morgan McCorkle Communications 865.574.7308 ORNL superconducting wire yields unprecedented performance This figure shows the...
Thin californium-containing radioactive source wires
A cermet wire includes at least 1% californium-252 and is characterized by a diameter of no more than 0.0225 inch.
Gross, Ian G (Clinton, TN); Pierce, Larry A (Kingston, TN)
Inverter Testing at Sandia National Laboratories* Jerry W. Ginn
Inverter Testing at Sandia National Inverter Testing at Sandia National Laboratories* Jerry W. Ginn Russell H. Bonn Photovoltaic System Components Department Sandia National Laboratories PO Box 5800 Albuquerque, NM 87185-0752 Abstract. Inverters are key building blocks of photovoltaic (PV) systems that produce ac power. The balance of systems @OS) portion of a PV system can account for up to 50% of the system cost, and its reliable operation is essential for a successful PV system. As part of its BOS program, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) maintains a laboratory wherein accurate electrical measurements of power systems can be made under a variety of conditions. This paper outlines the work that is done in that laboratory. TESTING ACTIVITIES Inverter testing at SNL thus far
Definition: Controllable/Regulating Inverter | Open Energy Information
Controllable/Regulating Inverter Controllable/Regulating Inverter Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Controllable/Regulating Inverter AC to DC converters that properly regulate voltage and can be controlled remotely. These devices can significantly increase the integration of renewable or intermittent sources of electricity.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Also Known As Mechanical rectifier Related Terms electricity generation References ↑ [www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/pdfs/description_of_assets.pdf SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Assets'] An LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. inline Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Controllable/Regulating_Inverter&oldid=480447" Categories:
Optically Isolated HVIGBT Based MW Cascade Inverter Building...
High-Voltage, IGBT-Based Inverter for DER Applications Presentation at DOE Energy Storage Systems Research Program Peer Review Washington, DC November 2, 2006 SBIR Phase II Grant...
Series Resonant Inverter with Contactless Transformers for Multiple LED Lamps.
??A half-bridge series-resonant inverter adopted to realize the quasi current source and the constant current source with a number of contactless transformers in series for� (more)
Cheng, Shuen-Wen
Performance model for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters.
This document provides an empirically based performance model for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters used for system performance (energy) modeling and for continuous monitoring of inverter performance during system operation. The versatility and accuracy of the model were validated for a variety of both residential and commercial size inverters. Default parameters for the model can be obtained from manufacturers specification sheets, and the accuracy of the model can be further refined using measurements from either well-instrumented field measurements in operational systems or using detailed measurements from a recognized testing laboratory. An initial database of inverter performance parameters was developed based on measurements conducted at Sandia National Laboratories and at laboratories supporting the solar programs of the California Energy Commission.
Boyson, William Earl; Galbraith, Gary M.; King, David L.; Gonzalez, Sigifredo
Triple inverter pierce oscillator circuit suitable for CMOS
An oscillator circuit is disclosed which can be formed using discrete field-effect transistors (FETs), or as a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit. The oscillator circuit utilizes a Pierce oscillator design with three inverter stages connected in series. A feedback resistor provided in a feedback loop about a second inverter stage provides an almost ideal inverting transconductance thereby allowing high-Q operation at the resonator-controlled frequency while suppressing a parasitic oscillation frequency that is inherent in a Pierce configuration using a "standard" triple inverter for the sustaining amplifier. The oscillator circuit, which operates in a range of 10 50 MHz, has applications for use as a clock in a microprocessor and can also be used for sensor applications.
Wessendorf; Kurt O. (Albuquerque, NM)
Regional Characteristics for Interpreting Inverted Echo Sounder (IES) Observations
Changes in round-trip acoustc travel time (?) measured between a bottom moored inverted echo sounder and the sea surface can be interpreted as changes in dynamic height (D) with suitable calibration information. The ?, D, and isotherm and ...
Zachariah R. Hallock
The Application of Diode-Clamped Cascaded Inverter in the Direct-Driven Wind Power System
Power inverter is widely used in direct-driven variable speed constant frequency (VSVF) wind power system. With the level of wind power jumping from the kilowatt to megawatt, topologies and control of inverter have a corresponding change. Considering ... Keywords: direct-driven wind power, multi-level inverter, diode-clamped cascaded inverter, PD-SPWM and CPS-SPWM
Xianglian Xu; Pingting Xu; Zilin Tang; Gang Tang; Xiaole Ye
Smart Inverter Advanced Metering Infrastructure Integration Using Smart Energy Profile
Cost-effective integration of high penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) systems will require some level of communications and direct control of PV inverters. Approaches leveraging broadband and utility remote terminal units (RTU) are generally not scalable to smaller scale residential or small commercial inverters. Given the potential addition of many thousands of residential PV systems in the coming years, identifying a low-cost solution allowing control and communications with residential systems has ...
Smart Inverter Field Experiences: A State of the Industry Overview
The inverters that connect solar photovoltaic, battery, and other distributed resources to the power grid have the potential to provide a number of services or functions that may be useful to utilities. Inverter manufacturers have been designing and implementing these capabilities into their products for many years. During the past few years, significant industry effort has been expended in the identification of a common set of such functions that may be supported by open standards and implemented ...
Test Protocol for Smart Inverter Grid Support Functions: Version 1
Smart inverters are capable of providing grid support that is important to accommodate higher penetrations of distributed energy resources (DERs) on the distribution circuits. With the exception of a few countries in Europe, especially Germany, there are currently no clear and consistent performance requirements defined for the smart inverter advanced support functions. Currently, widely adopted grid interconnection standard IEEE Std. 1547 (2003) and the associated conformance test standard IEEE ...
Concrete Foundations in Substations and Transmission Lines
This report presents the results of surveys conducted to obtain information on the degradation of concrete foundations that support transmission towers and high-voltage substation equipment. Although concrete foundations are simple and inexpensive, their degradation or failure may have costly consequences, including potential equipment damage and the need for outages to allow movement of critical equipment so the ...
Abstract � Power inverters are used to convert the D.C power produced by the solar photovoltaic cell into AC. This paper presents a novel Adaptive Hysteresis Current Controller to control the inverter, used in the solar photovoltaic cell. The proposed controller is capable of reducing the total harmonic distortion and to provide constant switching frequency. The mathematical model of Photovoltaic array is developed using the Newton�s method using the parameter obtained from a commercial photovoltaic data sheet under variable weather conditions, in which the effect of irradiance and temperature are considered. The modeled Photovoltaic array is interfaced with DC-DC boost converter, AC-DC inverter and load. A DC-DC boost converter is used to step up the input DC voltage of the Photovoltaic array while the DC-AC single-phase inverter converts the input DC comes from boost converter into AC. The performance of the proposed controller of inverter is evaluated through MATLAB-Simulation. The results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained when using conventional fixed hysteresis current controller for single-phase photovoltaic inverter in terms of THD and switching frequency.
unknown authors
Field tests of a novel inverter for photovoltaic power conditioning
The Dickerson inverter synthesizes a sinewave current from a photovoltaic array that is segmented into a number of subarrays. These subarrays are switched among the ac phases so that the current from a given subarray is continuous, and each phase is connected at all times to one or more subarrays. The control scheme assures a near-unity power factor current with real-time phase adjustment to power-system disturbances. A prototype inverter was operated into a three-phase power system, with the dc supplied by a photovoltaic array at Sandia National Laboratories. The results of these tests under normal, abnormal and fault conditions are reported. Inversion efficiencies up to 99% were achieved with 0.97 power factor. A simple filter reduced current harmonics from 18% to 5%. The performance for the inverter was projected for a 480-V, three-phase system at the 50-kVA level. An analysis of filtering costs indicates that harmonic reduction to 5% can be achieved at under $0.003 per watt for typical central-station applications. The intended power range for these inverters is 50--250 kVA. The cost to produce the inverter at the 50-kVA level in quantities of 1000 units is estimated to be $0.05 per watt, which is less than the projected cost of other 50-kVA inverters. 22 figs., 9 tabs.
Dickerson, A.; Bower, W.; Schalles, F.
Lansce Wire Scanning Diagnostics Device Mechanical Design
The Accelerator Operations & Technology Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory operates a linear particle accelerator which utilizes 110 wire scanning diagnostics devices to gain position and intensity information of the proton beam. In the upcoming LANSCE improvements, 51 of these wire scanners are to be replaced with a new design, up-to-date technology and off-the-shelf components. This document outlines the requirements for the mechanical design of the LANSCE wire scanner and presents the recently developed linac wire scanner prototype. Additionally, this document presents the design modifications that have been implemented into the fabrication and assembly of this first linac wire scanner prototype. Also, this document will present the design for the second, third, and fourth wire scanner prototypes being developed. Prototypes 2 and 3 belong to a different section of the particle accelerator and therefore have slightly different design specifications. Prototype 4 is a modification of a previously used wire scanner in our facility. Lastly, the paper concludes with a plan for future work on the wire scanner development.
Rodriguez Esparza, Sergio [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Batygin, Yuri K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gilpatrick, John D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gruchalla, Michael E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Maestas, Alfred J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pillai, Chandra [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Raybun, Joseph L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sattler, F. D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sedillo, James Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Smith, Brian G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The National Instruments cRIO platform is used for the new LANSCE-R wire-scanner systems. All wire-scanner electronics are integrated into a single BiRa BiRIO 4U cRIO chassis specifically designed for the cRIO crate and all interface electronics. The BiRIO chassis, actuator and LabVIEW VIs provide a complete wire-scanner system integrated with EPICS. The new wire-scanner chassis includes an 8-slot cRIO crate with Virtex-5 LX 110 FPGA and Power-PC real-time controller, the LANL-developed cRIO 2-axis wire-sensor analog interface module (AFE), NI9222 cRIO 4-channel 16-bit digitizer, cRIO resolver demodulator, cRIO event receiver, front-panel touch panel display, motor driver, and all necessary software, interface wiring, connectors and ancillary components. This wirescanner system provides a complete, turn-key, 2-axis wire-scanner system including 2-channel low-noise sensewire interface with variable DC wire bias and wireintegrity monitor, 16-bit signal digitizers, actuator motor drive and control, actuator position sensing, limit-switch interfaces, event receiver, LabVIEW and EPICS interface, and both remote operation and full stand-alone operation using the touch panel.
Gruchalla, Michael E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Superconducting wire with improved strain characteristics
A superconducting wire comprising a superconducting filament and a beryllium strengthened bronze matrix in which the addition of beryllium to the matrix permits a low volume matrix to exhibit reduced elastic deformation after heat treating which increases the compression of the superconducting filament on cooling and thereby improves the strain characteristics of the wire.
Luhman, Thomas (Westhampton Beach, NY); Klamut, Carl J. (E. Patchogue, NY); Suenaga, Masaki (Bellport, NY); Welch, David (Stony Brook, NY)
A superconducting wire comprising a superconducting filament and a beryllium strengthened bronze matrix in which the addition of beryllium to the matrix permits a low volume matrix to exhibit reduced elastic deformation after heat treating which increases the compression of the superconducting filament on cooling and thereby improve the strain characteristics of the wire.
Luhman, Thomas (Westhampton Beach, NY); Klamut, Carl J. (East Patchogue, NY); Suenaga, Masaki (Bellport, NY); Welch, David (Stony Brook, NY)
Luhman, T.; Klamut, C.J.; Suenaga, M.; Welch, D.
Improved Superconducting Wire for Wind Generators: Superconducting Wires for Direct-Drive Wind Generators
REACT Project: Brookhaven National Laboratory will develop a low-cost superconducting wire that could be used in high-power wind generators. Superconducting wire currently transports 600 times more electric current than a similarly sized copper wire, but is significantly more expensive. Brookhaven National Laboratory will develop a high-performance superconducting wire that can handle significantly more electrical current, and will demonstrate an advanced manufacturing process that has the potential to yield a several-fold reduction in wire costs while using a using negligible amount of rare earth material. This design has the potential to make a wind turbine generator lighter, more powerful, and more efficient, particularly for offshore applications.
Method of preparing composite superconducting wire
An improved method of preparing composite multifilament superconducting wire of Nb.sub.3 Sn in a copper matrix which eliminates the necessity of coating the drawn wire with tin. A generalized cylindrical billet of an alloy of copper containing at least 15 weight percent niobium, present in the copper as discrete, randomly distributed and oriented dendritic-shaped particles, is provided with at least one longitudinal opening which is filled with tin to form a composite drawing rod. The drawing rod is then drawn to form a ductile composite multifilament wire containing a filament of tin. The ductile wire containing the tin can then be wound into magnet coils or other devices before heating to diffuse the tin through the wire to react with the niobium forming Nb.sub.3 Sn. Also described is an improved method for making large billets of the copper-niobium alloy by consumable-arc casting.
Verhoeven, John D. (Ames, IA); Gibson, Edwin D. (Ames, IA); Finnemore, Douglas K. (Ames, IA); Ostenson, Jerome E. (Ames, IA); Schmidt, Frederick A. (Ames, IA); Owen, Charles V. (Ames, IA)
Improved method of preparing composite superconducting wire
An improved method of preparing composite multifilament superconducting wire of Nb/sub 3/Sn in a copper matrix eliminates the necessity of coating the drawn wire with tin. A generalized cylindrical billet of an alloy of copper containing at least 15 weight percent niobium, present in the copper as discrete, randomly distributed and oriented dendritic-shaped particles, is provided with at least one longitudinal opening which is filled with tin to form a composite drawing rod. The drawing rod is then drawn to form a ductile composite multifilament wire containing a filament of tin. The ductile wire containing the tin can then be wound into magnet coils or other devices before heating to diffuse the tin through the wire to react with the niobium forming Nb/sub 3/Sn. Also described is an improved method for making large billets of the copper-niobium alloy by consumable-arc casting.
Verhoeven, J.D.; Gibson, E.D.; Finnemore, D.K.; Ostenson, J.E.; Schmidt, F.A.; Owen, C.V.
An improved method of preparing composite multifilament superconducting wire of Nb/sub 3/Sn in a copper matrix which eliminates the necessity of coating the drawn wire with tin is described. A generalized cylindrical billet of an alloy of copper containing at least 15 weight percent niobium, present in the copper as discrete, randomly distributed and oriented dendritic-shaped particles, is provided with at least one longitudinal opening which is filled with tin to form a composite drawing rod. The drawing rod is then drawn to form a ductile composite multifilament wire containing a filament of tin. The ductile wire containing the tin can then be wound into magnet coils or other devices before heating to diffuse the tin through the wire to react with the niobium forming Nb/sub 3/Sn. Also described is an improved method for making large billets of the copper-niobium alloy by consumable-arc casting.
Early expansion in exploding multiple wire arrays
A simple model is developed for the initial stage (blow-off and the onset of pinching) of a multiple exploded wire array. With obvious modifications the model can also be applied to single wires or other self-pinched plasma columns. Each wire in the array is modeled as a plasma cylinder undergoing self-similar radial motion, and the whole array is coupled self-consistently to an external circuit. The plasma expands initially; the onset of self-pinch is shown to be coincident with the plasma conductivity reaching a value large enough for skin effect to occur. The model is run for a variety of system parameters, and the choice of machine and wire parameters to attain particular objectives (e.g., rapid current rise, limited wire expansion, etc.) is discussed.
Bloomberg, H.W.; Lampe, M.; Colombant, D.G.
Strain tolerant microfilamentary superconducting wire
A strain tolerant microfilamentary wire capable of carrying superconducting currents is provided comprising a plurality of discontinuous filaments formed from a high temperature superconducting material. The discontinuous filaments have a length at least several orders of magnitude greater than the filament diameter and are sufficiently strong while in an amorphous state to withstand compaction. A normal metal is interposed between and binds the discontinuous filaments to form a normal metal matrix capable of withstanding heat treatment for converting the filaments to a superconducting state. The geometry of the filaments within the normal metal matrix provides substantial filament-to-filament overlap, and the normal metal is sufficiently thin to allow supercurrent transfer between the overlapped discontinuous filaments but is also sufficiently thick to provide strain relief to the filaments.
Finnemore, Douglas K. (Ames, IA); Miller, Theodore A. (Tuscon, AZ); Ostenson, Jerome E. (Ames, IA); Schwartzkopf, Louis A. (Mankato, MN); Sanders, Steven C. (Ames, IA)
Breaking Barriers to Low-Cost Modular Inverter Production & Use
The goal of this cost share contract is to advance key technologies to reduce size, weight and cost while enhancing performance and reliability of Modular Inverter Product for Distributed Energy Resources (DER). Efforts address technology development to meet technical needs of DER market protection, isolation, reliability, and quality. Program activities build on SatCon Technology Corporation inverter experience (e.g., AIPM, Starsine, PowerGate) for Photovoltaic, Fuel Cell, Energy Storage applications. Efforts focused four technical areas, Capacitors, Cooling, Voltage Sensing and Control of Parallel Inverters. Capacitor efforts developed a hybrid capacitor approach for conditioning SatCon's AIPM unit supply voltages by incorporating several types and sizes to store energy and filter at high, medium and low frequencies while minimizing parasitics (ESR and ESL). Cooling efforts converted the liquid cooled AIPM module to an air-cooled unit using augmented fin, impingement flow cooling. Voltage sensing efforts successfully modified the existing AIPM sensor board to allow several, application dependent configurations and enabling voltage sensor galvanic isolation. Parallel inverter control efforts realized a reliable technique to control individual inverters, connected in a parallel configuration, without a communication link. Individual inverter currents, AC and DC, were balanced in the paralleled modules by introducing a delay to the individual PWM gate pulses. The load current sharing is robust and independent of load types (i.e., linear and nonlinear, resistive and/or inductive). It is a simple yet powerful method for paralleling both individual devices dramatically improves reliability and fault tolerance of parallel inverter power systems. A patent application has been made based on this control technology.
Bogdan Borowy; Leo Casey; Jerry Foshage; Steve Nichols; Jim Perkinson
Test Report: Cost Effective Foundation Insulation
A field experiment was conducted to demonstrate and quantify the thermal effectiveness of rigid insulation board when installed on the exterior of a buried concrete foundation wall. A heated, insulated box was constructed along one wall of an existing, unheated building to simulate the living space of a home. The crawl space beneath the living space was divided into two sections. One featured external foundation insulation, while the other side had none. 36 temperature and heat flux sensors were installed at predetermined locations to measure the temperature profile and heat flow out of the living space. The temperature profile through the foundation was then used to calculate the total heat flow out of the foundation for both cases. This experiment showed that a significant energy savings is available with exterior foundation insulation. Over the course of 3 months, the heat-loss differential between the insulated and non-insulated foundations was 4.95 kilowatt-hours per lineal foot of foundation wall, for a ratio of 3:1. For a 2200 sq. ft home with a foundation perimeter 200 ft. long, this would amount to a savings of 990 kW-hrs in just 3 months, or 330 kW-hrs per month. Extrapolating to an 8-month heating year, we would expect to save over 2640 kW-hrs per year for such a home. The savings for a basement foundation, rather than a crawlspace, would be approach twice that amount, nearing 5280 kW-hr per year. Because these data were not collected during the coldest months of the year, they are conservative, and greater savings may be expected during colder periods.
Jeffrey M. Lacy; T. E. Rahl; G. A. Twitchell; R. G. Kobbe
Improvement of Descalability of High Carbon Steel Wire Rods
Presentation Title, Improvement of Descalability of High Carbon Steel Wire Rods ... In the past, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids were used for the purpose of wire�...
Material Flow and Texture in Friction Extruded Wire
Presentation Title, Material Flow and Texture in Friction Extruded Wire ... conducted during friction extrusion of AA6061 wire with AA2195 as a marker insert.
Reliability of Copper Wire Bonding on Copper Substrate with Tin ...
Suitable bonding conditions, Tin thickness, stage temperature, wire bonding power and bonding time are chosen through wire bonding tests. Peel strength of a�...
Transient Melt Pool Response in Wire Feed Electron Beam Direct ...
Presentation Title, Transient Melt Pool Response in Wire Feed Electron Beam Direct ... Abstract Scope, Wire feed electron beam direct digital manufacturing�...
Inverter/controller subsystem optimized for photovoltaic applications
Conversion of solar array dc power to ac power stimulated the specification, design, and simulation testing of an inverter/controller subsystem tailored to the photovoltaic power source characteristics. The optimization of the inverter/controller design as part of an overall Photovoltaic Power System (PPS) designed for maximum energy extraction from the solar array is discussed. The special design requirements for the inverter/controller include: (1) a power system controller (PSC) to control continuously the solar array operating point at the maximum power level based on variable solar insolation and cell temperatures; and (2) an inverter designed for high efficiency at rated load and low losses at light loadings to conserve energy. It must be capable of operating connected to the utility line at a level set by an external controller (PSC). This paper is presented in three sections: (1) the overall PPS and PSC design (Utility Mode); (2) the inverter design and test results; and (3) a PPS analysis and simulation testing, conducted at LeRC to verify the design control concepts and fix design parameters.
Pickrell, R.L.; O' Sullivan, G.; Merrill, W.C.
Efficiency consideration of DC link soft-switching inverters for motor drive applications
This paper critically evaluates efficiency of soft switching inverters including an actively clamped resonant dc link inverter and a clamped-mode resonant pole inverter. An analytical approach to evaluating efficiency of the clamped-mode soft switching inverter has been developed. The evaluation results are compared with that of the standard pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter. A 50-kW induction motor is used as the variable load, and the inverter efficiency is evaluated under different speed and torque conditions. The clamped-mode soft-switching inverter, although eliminating the switching loss, shows poor efficiency over the entire load range. Under low load conditions, the efficiency profile is even worse. The actively clamped resonant dc link inverter shows highest efficiency over the entire speed and torque range. However, its energy saving over the standard PWM inverter is marginal under full load or high speed conditions.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W.; McKeever, J.W.
United Nations Foundation (UNF) | Open Energy Information
United Nations Foundation (UNF) United Nations Foundation (UNF) Jump to: navigation, search Logo: United Nations Foundation Name United Nations Foundation Address 1800 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 400 Place Washington, DC Zip 20036 Region Northeast - NY NJ CT PA Area Coordinates 38.90879°, -77.042271° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.90879,"lon":-77.042271,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Tropical Forest Foundation | Open Energy Information
Tropical Forest Foundation Tropical Forest Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Tropical Forest Foundation Name Tropical Forest Foundation Address 2121 Eisenhower Ave. Suite 200 Place Alexandria, Virginia Zip 22314 Region Northeast - NY NJ CT PA Area Phone number 703.518.8834 Website http://tropicalforestfoundatio Coordinates 38.8013734°, -77.0668734° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.8013734,"lon":-77.0668734,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Galveston Historical Foundation | Open Energy Information
Historical Foundation Historical Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Galveston Historical Foundation Name Galveston Historical Foundation Address 502 20th St. Place Galveston, Texas Zip 77550 Region Texas Area Number of employees 11-50 Year founded 1954 Phone number 409-765-7834 Website http://www.galvestonhistory.or Coordinates 29.3054013°, -94.7900179° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.3054013,"lon":-94.7900179,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Foundations of uncertain-data integration
There has been considerable past work studying data integration and uncertain data in isolation. We develop the foundations for local-as-view (LAV) data integration when the sources being integrated are uncertain. We motivate two distinct settings ...
Parag Agrawal; Anish Das Sarma; Jeffrey Ullman; Jennifer Widom
Tribal Renewable Energy Curriculum Foundational Course: Biomass
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on biomass renewable energy by clicking on the .swf link below. You can also download the PowerPoint slides...
Theoretical foundations for the study of sociomateriality
This paper compares two alternative theoretical foundations upon which the study of sociomateriality can be built: agential realism and critical realism. It begins by providing a brief overview of the sociomaterial perspective on organizational practices ...
Paul M. Leonardi
TMS Foundation Receives Planned Gift from Dr. Martin E. Glicksman
Mr. Martin E. Glicksman, of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, recently made plans for a substantial planned gift to the TMS Foundation. The Foundation�...
Indian Renewable Energy Foundation Ltd IREF | Open Energy Information
Renewable Energy Foundation Ltd IREF Jump to: navigation, search Name Indian Renewable Energy Foundation Ltd. (IREF) Place Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Zip 400 055 Sector Wind energy...
DOE Office of Indian Energy Foundational Course on Strategic...
DOE Office of Indian Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy Planning (text version) Below is the text version of the Webinar titled "DOE Office of Indian Energy Foundational...
Invert/EE-Lab Website | Open Energy Information
Page Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Invert/EE-Lab Website Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Invert/EE-Lab Website Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Policy Impacts Website: www.invert.at Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/invertee-lab-website Language: English Policies: "Deployment Programs,Financial Incentives,Regulations" is not in the list of possible values (Deployment Programs, Financial Incentives, Regulations) for this property. DeploymentPrograms: Project Development Regulations: Mandates/Targets This tool can be used to evaluate support schemes for renewable energy heating and cooling systems. It can help users simulate the effects of promotional programs on the energy carrier mix, CO2 reductions, and costs
Inverter power module with distributed support for direct substrate cooling
Systems and/or methods are provided for an inverter power module with distributed support for direct substrate cooling. An inverter module comprises a power electronic substrate. A first support frame is adapted to house the power electronic substrate and has a first region adapted to allow direct cooling of the power electronic substrate. A gasket is interposed between the power electronic substrate and the first support frame. The gasket is configured to provide a seal between the first region and the power electronic substrate. A second support frame is adapted to house the power electronic substrate and joined to the first support frame to form the seal.
Miller, David Harold (San Pedro, CA); Korich, Mark D. (Chino Hills, CA); Ward, Terence G. (Redondo Beach, CA); Mann, Brooks S. (Redondo Beach, CA)
Modeling of Ice Accretion on Wires
A time-dependent numerical model of ice accretion on wires, such as overhead conductors, is presented. Simulations of atmospheric icing are made with the model in order to examine the dependence of the accreted ice amount on atmospheric ...
Lasse Makkonen
Phase Conductor and Shield Wire Corrosion
As new inspection technologies for conductors and shield wires develop and mature, the assessment process becomes more accurate in identifying and quantifying flaws. With better accuracy, condition assessment can be less conservative, thus allowing utilities to save money by keeping conductors in service for longer periods. This report, which includes the results of a survey of EPRI member utilities on phase conductor and shield wire installations, inspections, and failures, updates recent EPRI work on c...
Power Quality Improvement Methodology for Wires Companies
This report provides practical utility-side strategies for improving power quality. Much research has been done on the application of custom power devices to mitigate power quality events on transmission and distribution wires systems. However, these solutions can be costly and often benefit a limited number of customers. Many wires companies are looking for ways to improve the overall quality of their service using methods and equipment that are more traditional.
Energetic additive manufacturing process with feed wire
A process for additive manufacture by energetic wire deposition is described. A source wire is fed into a energy beam generated melt-pool on a growth surface as the melt-pool moves over the growth surface. This process enables the rapid prototyping and manufacture of fully dense, near-net shape components, as well as cladding and welding processes. Alloys, graded materials, and other inhomogeneous materials can be grown using this process.
Harwell, Lane D. (Albuquerque, NM); Griffith, Michelle L. (Albuquerque, NM); Greene, Donald L. (Corrales, NM); Pressly, Gary A. (Sandia Park, NM)
Chemistry of radiation damage to wire chambers
Proportional counters are used to study aspects of radiation damage to wire chambers (wire aging). Principles of low-pressure, rf plasma chemistry are used to predict the plasma chemistry in electron avalanches (1 atm, dc). (1) Aging is studied in CF{sub 4}/iC{sub 4}H{sub 10} gas mixtures. Wire deposits are analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy. An apparent cathode aging process resulting in loss of gain rather than in a self-sustained current is observed in CF{sub 4}-rich gases. A four-part model considering plasma polymerization of the hydrocarbon, etching of wire deposits by CF{sub 4}, acceleration of deposition processes in strongly etching environments, and reactivity of the wire surface is developed to understand anode wire aging in CF{sub 4}/iC{sub 4}H{sub 10} gases. Practical guidelines suggested by the model are discussed. (2) Data are presented to suggest that trace amounts of Freons do not affect aging rates in either dimethyl ether or Ar/C{sub 2}H{sub 6}. Apparent loss of gain is explained by attachment of primary electrons to a continuously increasing concentration of Freon 11 (CCl{sub 3}F) in the counter gas. An increase in the concentration of Freon 11 in dimethyl ether is caused by a distillation process in the gas supply bottle and is a natural consequence of the unequal volatilities of the two compounds.
Pulsed electromagnetic acceleration of exploded wire plasmas
A simple analysis of the dynamic state of a current-conducting high-density plasma column, resulting from an exploded wire between the conductors of a rail-gun accelerator or one or more wires strung between the anode and cathode conductors in a pulsed-power generator diode, is given on the basis of a one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics model. Spatial distributions of the current density, magnetic field, temperature, and particle density are calculated as well as the temporal current, voltage, and impedance histories. The model self-consistently treats the accelerator load transition through its solid, melt, vapor, and plasma states in the presence of its supply source and feed network. Once formed and accelerated, the plasma state calculations show expansion cooling across the self-induced magnetic field if the Bennett condition is not satisfied. The model predictions are compared to two experimental situations. The first involves the delivery of some hundreds of Joules of stored energy to the wire load. For this case, good agreement between the calculated and observed plasma state is obtained. The second situation involves the delivery of many thousands of Joules to the wire load. For this case and dependent upon the wire mass, diameter, number of wires exploded, their separation, and the pulsed energy electrical wave shapes, the magnetohydrodynamic results can be qualitatively incorrect. The necessity of an electromagnetic particle simulation approach is indicated in order to resolve the magnetic rope-like structure and filamentation observed in the very energetic plasmas.
Peratt, A.L.; Koert, P.
Efficiency modeling and evaluation of a resonant snubber based soft- switching inverter for motor drive applications
This paper establishes an analytical model for a resonant snubber based soft-switching inverter. The model adopts loss separation method to evaluate losses in individual components. Because of symmetry of the inverter circuit, the developed model is suitable for both single-phase and three-phase inverters. A single-phase inverter was built and tested with a single-phase induction motor driving a fan load to verify the developed model. The equivalent single-phase induction motor model was curve-fitted from experiment. Analytical results showed reasonable agreement with experiment. The same efficiency evaluation method was then applied to the conventional hard-switching inverter, and the results were compared with that of the soft-switching inverter. The resonant snubber base soft-switching inverter shows substantial efficiency improvement over the hard switching PWM (pulse-width-modulation) inverter, especially in low speed operation.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W.; Ott, G.W.
A multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate dc sources for static var generation
A new multilevel voltage-source inverter with a separate dc sources is proposed for high-voltage, high-power applications, such as flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) including static var generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting, voltage balancing, fuel cell and photovoltaic utility systems interfacing, etc. The new M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 single phase full bridges in which each bridge has its own separate dc source. This inverter can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per cycle as the number of levels increases. It can solve the problems of conventional transformer-based multipulse inverters and the problems of the multilevel diode-clamped inverter and the multilevel flying capacitor inverter. To demonstrate the superiority of the new inverter, a SVG system using the new inverter topology is discussed through analysis, simulation and experiment.
Peng, Fang Zheng [Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States)]|[Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Lai, Jih-Sheng; McKeever, J.; VanCoevering, J. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Acoustical Measurement of Nonlinear Internal Waves Using the Inverted Echo Sounder
The performance of pressure sensor�equipped inverted echo sounders for monitoring nonlinear internal waves is examined. The inverted echo sounder measures the round-trip acoustic travel time from the sea floor to the sea surface and thus acquires ...
Qiang Li; David M. Farmer; Timothy F. Duda; Steve Ramp
High voltage power supply with modular series resonant inverters
A relatively small and compact high voltage, high current power supply for a laser utilizes a plurality of modules containing series resonant half bridge inverters. A pair of reverse conducting thyristors are incorporated in each series resonant inverter module such that the series resonant inverter modules are sequentially activated in phases 360.degree./n apart, where n=number of modules for n>2. Selective activation of the modules allows precise output control reducing ripple and improving efficiency. Each series resonant half bridge inverter module includes a transformer which has a cooling manifold for actively circulating a coolant such as water, to cool the transformer core as well as selected circuit elements. Conductors connecting and forming various circuit components comprise hollow, electrically conductive tubes such as copper. Coolant circulates through the tubes to remove heat. The conductive tubes act as electrically conductive lines for connecting various components of the power supply. Where it is desired to make electrical isolation breaks, tubes comprised of insulating material such as nylon are used to provide insulation and continue the fluid circuit.
Dreifuerst, Gary R. (Livermore, CA); Merritt, Bernard T. (Livermore, CA)
A relatively small and compact high voltage, high current power supply for a laser utilizes a plurality of modules containing series resonant half bridge inverters. A pair of reverse conducting thyristors are incorporated in each series resonant inverter module such that the series resonant inverter modules are sequentially activated in phases 360{degree}/n apart, where n=number of modules for n>2. Selective activation of the modules allows precise output control reducing ripple and improving efficiency. Each series resonant half bridge inverter module includes a transformer which has a cooling manifold for actively circulating a coolant such as water, to cool the transformer core as well as selected circuit elements. Conductors connecting and forming various circuit components comprise hollow, electrically conductive tubes such as copper. Coolant circulates through the tubes to remove heat. The conductive tubes act as electrically conductive lines for connecting various components of the power supply. Where it is desired to make electrical isolation breaks, tubes comprised of insulating material such as nylon are used to provide insulation and continue the fluid circuit. 11 figs.
Dreifuerst, G.R.; Merritt, B.T.
Modeling the Overshooting Effect for CMOS Inverter in Nanometer Technologies
With the scaling of CMOS technology, the over-shooting time due to the input-to-output coupling capacitance has much more significant effect on inverter delay. Moreover, the overshooting time is also an important parameter in the short circuit power ...
Zhangcai Huang; Hong Yu; Atsushi Kurokawa; Yasuaki Inoue
Mono inverter Multi parallel PMSM -Structure and Control strategy
a new and original Mono inverter Multi parallel Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) system. To obtain the stability of such a system, each of the motor synchronisms should always be respected regardless of their load torque. In this case, only one motor, called "master motor", will be self
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Modelling and Control of an Inverted Pendulum Turbine
. In this project the feasibility of a new kind of wind turbine is studied. This thesis deals with the achievement of getting a proper mathematical model of a new kind of wind turbine, called the inverted pendulum turbine is inherently unstable system. In order to control this wind turbine an optimal control has been investigated
Review of PV Inverter Technology Cost and Performance Projections
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has a major responsibility in the implementation of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Solar Energy Technologies Program. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has a major role in supporting inverter development, characterization, standards, certifications, and verifications. The Solar Energy Technologies Program recently published a Multiyear Technical Plan, which establishes a goal of reducing the Levelized Energy Cost (LEC) for photovoltaic (PV) systems to $0.06/kWh by 2020. The Multiyear Technical Plan estimates that, in order to meet the PV system goal, PV inverter prices will need to decline to $0.25-0.30 Wp by 2020. DOE determined the need to conduct a rigorous review of the PV Program's technical and economic targets, including the target set for PV inverters. NREL requested that Navigant Consulting Inc.(NCI) conduct a review of historical and projected cost and performance improvements for PV inverters, including identification of critical barriers identified and the approaches government might use to address them.
Navigant Consulting Inc.
Calibrating Inverted Echo Sounders Equipped with Pressure Sensors
The addition of an accurate pressure sensor to the inverted echo sounder (IES) has allowed for the development of a new method for calibrating the IES�s acoustic travel-time record without the need for coincident conductivity�temperature�depth (...
Christopher S. Meinen; D. Randolph Watts
An Autonomously Recording Inverted Echo Sounder: ARIES II
A self-contained instrument, the Autonomously Recording Inverted Echo Sounder (ARIES II), carrying two 250-kHz beam side-scan sonars and with the capacity to record sonar data sampled at 3.2 kHz for 168 h with the sonars operating with a pulse ...
S. A. Thorpe; M. J. Ulloa; D. Baldwin; A. J. Hall
Nonlinear Control Techniques in Uninterruptible Power Supply Inverter: A Review
Summarizes the basic objectives of controllers for UPS system are tracking ability and robustness. To get this aims, many controllers have been proposed in the literature. In this paper a comprehensive review of the nonlinear control techniques of UPS ... Keywords: inverter, uninterruptible power supply, control techniques
Ghazanfar Shahgholian; Jawad Faiz; Pegah Shafaghi
Optimized Triple-Junction Solar Cells Using Inverted Metamorphic Approach (Presentation)
Record efficiencies with triple-junction inverted metamorphic designs, modeling useful to optimize, and consider operating conditions before choosing design.
Geisz, J. F.
Bonneville Environmental Foundation | Open Energy Information
Foundation Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Name Bonneville Environmental Foundation Address 240 SW 1st Avenue Place Portland, Oregon Zip 97204 Region Pacific Northwest Area Website https://www.b-e-f.org/ Coordinates 45.520495°, -122.671887° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.520495,"lon":-122.671887,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Synchronization and power sharing for droop-controlled inverters in islanded microgrids
Motivated by the recent and growing interest in smart grid technology, we study the operation of DC/AC inverters in an inductive microgrid. We show that a network of loads and DC/AC inverters equipped with power-frequency droop controllers can be cast ... Keywords: Coupled oscillators, Distributed control, Inverters, Kuramoto model, Power-system control, Smart power applications, Synchronization
John W. Simpson-Porco, Florian D�Rfler, Francesco Bullo
Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Research Foundations: Engineering
Engineering Science Engineering Science The Engineering Science Research Foundation is leading engineering transitions in advanced, highly critical systems by integrating theory development, experimental discovery and diagnostics, modeling, and computational approaches to refine our understanding of complex behavior in engineered systems. Why our work matters Revolutionizing the fundamental understanding of complex engineered systems can lead to enhancements that will bolster our national security stance for decades to come. Our unique value Leading-edge work on physical phenomena at the continuum and near-continuum scale Engineering expertise in national security systems that is second to none Foundational knowledge across multiple disciplines, including solid mechanics, fluid mechanics of reacting and nonreacting systems, structural
Electrical power inverter having a phase modulated, twin-inverter, high frequency link and an energy storage module
The present invention provides an electrical power inverter method and apparatus, which includes a high frequency link, for converting DC power into AC power. Generally stated, the apparatus includes a first high frequency module which produces an AC voltage at a first output frequency, and a second high frequency inverter module which produces an AC voltage at a second output frequency that is substantially the same as the first output frequency. The second AC voltage is out of phase with the first AC voltage by a selected angular phase displacement. A mixer mixes the first and second output voltages to produce a high frequency carrier which has a selected base frequency impressed on the sidebands thereof. A rectifier rectifies the carrier, and a filter filters the rectified carrier. An output inverter inverts the filtered carrier to produce an AC line voltage at the selected base frequency. A phase modulator adjusts the relative angular phase displacement between the outputs of the first and second high frequency modules to control the base frequency and magnitude of the AC line voltage.
Pitel, Ira J. (Whippany, NJ)
The present invention provides an electrical power inverter method and apparatus, which includes a high frequency link, for converting DC power into AC power. Generally stated, the apparatus includes a first high frequency module which produces an AC voltage at a first output frequency, and a second high frequency inverter module which produces an AC voltage at a second output frequency that is substantially the same as the first output frequency. The second AC voltage is out of phase with the first AC voltage by a selected angular phase displacement. A mixer mixes the first and second output voltages to produce a high frequency carrier which has a selected base frequency impressed on the sidebands thereof. A rectifier rectifies the carrier, and a filter filters the rectified carrier. An output inverter inverts the filtered carrier to produce an AC line voltage at the selected base frequency. A phase modulator adjusts the relative angular phase displacement between the outputs of the first and second high frequency modules to control the base frequency and magnitude of the AC line voltage. 19 figs.
Pitel, I.J.
American Clean Skies Foundation | Open Energy Information
Skies Foundation Skies Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Logo: American Clean Skies Foundation Name American Clean Skies Foundation Address 750 1st Street NE, Suite 1100 Place Washington, DC Zip 20002 Region Northeast - NY NJ CT PA Area Year founded 2007 Phone number (202) 682-6294 Website http://www.cleanskies.org/ Coordinates 38.899704°, -77.007068° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.899704,"lon":-77.007068,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Clean Economy Network Foundation | Open Energy Information
Clean Economy Network Foundation Clean Economy Network Foundation Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Clean Economy Network Foundation Name Clean Economy Network Foundation Address 1301 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 700 Place Washington, DC Zip 20004 Number of employees 1-10 Year founded 2009 Website http://cleaneconomynetwork.org Notes Includes what was formerly known as the Renewable Energy Business Network (REBN) Coordinates 38.89597°, -77.030353° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.89597,"lon":-77.030353,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Security Policies as the Foundation for Cryptographic
Security Policies as the Foundation for Cryptographic Key Management Elaine Barker, CKMS Project to Layered Security Policies From Information Management to Key Mngt. From Dept. of Com. To NIST Employees · Security Domains Simple to Complex · Key Management Static to Configurable to Dynamic
Foundations and Trends R Information Retrieval
Foundations and Trends R in Information Retrieval Vol. 2, No. 3 (2008) 137213 c 2008 C. Zhai DOI: 10.1561/1500000008 Statistical Language Models for Information Retrieval A Critical Review firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Statistical language models have recently been successfully applied to many information retrieval
Zhai, ChengXiang
FOUNDATIONS OF PRICING AND INVESTMENT IN ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION A thesis submitted, transmission and distribution areas. From 1984 to 1989 he worked for Chilquinta, an electricity distribution electricity markets. In that frame, open access to the transmission system is one of the fundamental topics
Rudnick, Hugh
Impact of inverter station on torsional dynamics of parallel HVdc-ac power system
This paper investigates the impact of an inverter station on the torsional dynamics of a turbine-generator set which is located at the rectifier side of a parallel HVdc-ac power system. The studies show that depending on the stiffness of the inverter ac bus and electrical coupling between the inverter and rectifier ac buses, the inverter closed loop control can have noticeable contribution to the instability of torsional dynamics. This adverse torsional impact is observed in the study results even when the inverter ac bus is fairly strong (ESCR larger than 5.0).
Iravani, M.R.; Zhao, Z.; Hamouda, R.M. (Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (Canada). Dept. of Electrical Engineering)
Method of fabricating composite superconducting wire
An improvement in the method for preparing composite rods of superconducting alloy and normal metal from which multifilament composite superconducting wire is fabricated by bending longitudinally a strip of normal metal around a rod of superconductor alloy and welding the edges to form the composite rod. After the rods have preferably been provided with a hexagonal cross-sectional shape, a plurality of the rods are stacked into a normal metal extrusion can, sealed and worked to reduce the cross-sectional size and form multifilament wire. Diffusion barriers and high-electrical resistance barriers can easily be introduced into the wire by plating or otherwise coating the faces of the normal metal strip with appropriate materials.
Strauss, Bruce P. (Downers Grove, IL); Reardon, Paul J. (Princeton, NJ); Remsbottom, Robert H. (Middleton, WI)
GAP analysis towards a design qualification standard development for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters.
A dedicated design qualification standard for PV inverters does not exist. Development of a well-accepted design qualification standard, specifically for PV inverters will significantly improve the reliability and performance of inverters. The existing standards for PV inverters such as ANSI/UL 1741 and IEC 62109-1 primarily focus on safety of PV inverters. The IEC 62093 discusses inverter qualification but it includes all the BOS components. There are other general standards for distributed generators including the IEEE 1547 series of standards which cover major concerns like utility integration but they are not dedicated to PV inverters and are not written from a design qualification point of view. In this paper some of the potential requirements for a design qualification standard for PV inverters are addressed. The missing links in existing PV inverter related standards are identified and with the IEC 62093 as a guideline, the possible inclusions in the framework for a dedicated design qualification standard of PV inverter are discussed. Some of the key missing links are related to electric stress tests. Hence, a method to adapt the existing surge withstand test standards for use in design qualification standard of PV inverter is presented.
Tamizhmani, Govindasamy (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Granata, Jennifer E.; Maracas, George (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Ayyanar, Raja (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Marinella, Matthew; Venkataramanan, Sai Balasubramanian Alampoondi (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ)
LANSCE Wire Scanner System Prototype: Switchyard Test
On November 19, 2011, the beam diagnostics team of Los Alamos National Laboratory's LANSCE accelerator facility conducted a test of a prototype wire scanner system for future deployment within the accelerator's switchyard area. The primary focus of this test was to demonstrate the wire scanner control system's ability to extend its functionality beyond acquiring lower energy linac beam profile measurements to acquiring data in the switchyard. This study summarizes the features and performance characteristics of the electronic and mechanical implementation of this system with details focusing on the test results.
Sedillo, James D [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Dynamic performance and control of a static var generator using cascade multilevel inverters
A cascade multilevel inverter is proposed for static VAR shifting, compensation/generation applications. The new cascade M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 single-phase full bridges in which each bridge has its own separate dc source. This inverter can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per cycle. It can eliminate the need for transformers in multipulse inverters. A prototype static VAR generator (SVG) system using 11- level cascade inverter (21-level line-to-line voltage waveform) has been built. The output voltage waveform is equivalent to that of a 60- pulse inverter. This paper focuses on dynamic performance of the cascade inverter based SVG system. Control schemes are proposed to achieve a fast response which is impossible for a conventional static VAR compensator (SVC). Analytical, simulated and experimental results show the superiority of the proposed SVG system.
Peng, Fang Zheng [Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States); Lai, Jih-Sheng [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
PWM Inverter control and the application thereof within electric vehicles
An inverter (34) which provides power to an A.C. machine (28) is controlled by a circuit (36) employing PWM control strategy whereby A.C. power is supplied to the machine at a preselectable frequency and preselectable voltage. This is accomplished by the technique of waveform notching in which the shapes of the notches are varied to determine the average energy content of the overall waveform. Through this arrangement, the operational efficiency of the A.C. machine is optimized. The control circuit includes a micro-computer and memory element which receive various parametric inputs and calculate optimized machine control data signals therefrom. The control data is asynchronously loaded into the inverter through an intermediate buffer (38). In its preferred embodiment, the present invention is incorporated within an electric vehicle (10) employing a 144 VDC battery pack (32) and a three-phase induction motor (18).
Geppert, Steven (Bloomfield Hills, MI)
Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Grants | Department of Energy
Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Grants Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Grants Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Grants < Back Eligibility Local Government Nonprofit Schools Savings Category Heating & Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial Weatherization Commercial Heating & Cooling Design & Remodeling Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Bioenergy Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Energy Sources Buying & Making Electricity Solar Heating Water Heating Wind Program Info Start Date 06/30/1999 State Illinois Program Type Non-Profit Grant Program Provider Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation The Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation (ICECF) was established in December 1999 as an independent foundation with a $225 million endowment
Seismic Qualification Case Study for a New Inverter
This report reviews and compares methods used for the seismic qualification of safety related equipment at nuclear power plants and examines an alternative, hybrid approach. The report investigates the costs and lead times for each seismic qualification approach and also discusses the seismic capacity definitions that result from the application of each qualification approach. The report includes a case study that applies the new approach to the seismic qualification of an inverter.
The use of wind power to generate electricity continues to grow, especially given commitments by various countries throughout the world to ensure that a significant percentage of energy comes from renewable sources. In order to meet such objectives, increasingly larger turbines with higher capacity are being developed. The engineering aspects of larger turbine development tend to focus on design and materials for blades and towers. However, foundations are also a critical component of large wind turbines and represent a significant cost of wind energy projects. Ongoing wind research at BNL is examining two areas: (a) structural response analysis of wind turbine-tower-foundation systems and (b) materials engineering of foundations. This work is investigating the dynamic interactions in wind turbine systems, which in turn assists the wind industry in achieving improved reliability and more cost efficient foundation designs. The results reported herein cover initial studies of concrete mix designs for large wind turbine foundations and how these may be tailored to reduce cost and incorporate sustainability and life cycle concepts. The approach taken was to investigate material substitutions so that the environmental, energy and CO{sub 2}-impact of concrete could be reduced. The use of high volumes of ''waste'' materials in concrete was examined. These materials included fly ash, blast furnace slag and recycled concrete aggregate. In addition, the use of steel fiber reinforcement as a means to improve mechanical properties and potentially reduce the amount of bar reinforcement in concrete foundations was studied. Four basic mixes were considered. These were: (1) conventional mix with no material substitutions, (2) 50% replacement of cement with fly ash, (3) 50% replacement of cement with blast furnace slag and (4) 25% replacement of cement with fly ash and 25% replacement with blast furnace slag. Variations on these mixes included the addition of 1% by volume steel fibers. The use of recycled concrete aggregate in the conventional and 50% slag mixes was also studied. Properties investigated included compressive and tensile strengths, elastic modulus, coefficient of permeability, thermal conductivity and durability in seawater and sulfate solutions. It was determined that the mixes containing 50% slag gave the best overall performance. Slag was particularly beneficial for concrete that used recycled aggregate and could reduce strength losses. Initial durability results indicated that corrosion of fibers in the different concrete mixes when exposed to seawater was minimal. Future research needs to include more detailed studies of mix design and properties of concrete for wind turbine foundations. Emphasis on slag-modified mixes with natural and recycled concrete aggregate is recommended. The proportion of slag that can be incorporated in the concrete needs to be optimized, as does the grading of recycled aggregate. The potential for using silica fume in conjunction with slag is worth exploring as this may further enhance strength and durability. Longer-term durability studies are necessary and other pertinent properties of concrete that require investigation include damping characteristics, pullout strength, fatigue strength and risk of thermal cracking. The properties of sustainable concrete mixes need to be integrated with studies on the structural behavior of wind turbine foundations in order to determine the optimal mix design and to examine means of reducing conservatism and cost of foundations.
Media Center - Argonne Partners with Delphi on Inverter
Argonne part of Delphi-led team to reduce cost, size of hybrid vehicle component Argonne part of Delphi-led team to reduce cost, size of hybrid vehicle component Argonne is part of a Delphi Corp.-led team that has been selected by the U.S. Department of Energy to develop the next-generation propulsion inverter for hybrid vehicles, according to an announcement by Delphi earlier this week. The project is valued at $8 million, with DOE providing $5 million and the Delphi team contributing $3 million. The team's aim is to reduce the size and cost of the inverter for electric propulsion systems by 50 percent or more. Propulsion invertors supply phased alternating current power for hybrid traction motors and generators, and enable exact control of electrical power flow from the battery to the electric motor. The small inverter would cost less and be used in the next-generation high-efficiency hybrid electric and plug-in hybrids vehicles, as well as in fuel cell-powered vehicles in the longer-term.
Conventional and fuzzy PI control of voltage-source inverter-fed induction motor drive for electric vehicle
Keywords: adaptive control, control algorithm, electric vehicle, fuzzy control, inverter drive system
Tadeusz Stefanski
Magnet Wire Plant Resolves PQ Issues
This case study presents an example of a magnet wire plant that was subject to a number of power quality (PQ) disturbances. These disturbances were severe enough to upset several manufacturing lines. A detailed audit revealed that the plant could be hardened to PQ disturbances using simple-to-implement, low-cost techniques.
Xcel Energy - Farm Re-Wiring Loan Program (Wisconsin) | Department...
Re-Wiring Loan Program (Wisconsin) Xcel Energy - Farm Re-Wiring Loan Program (Wisconsin) Eligibility Agricultural Savings For Other Maximum Rebate 23,000 loan maximum Can be...
Development program for 3. 0 kW inverter. Militarized inverter for use with fuel cell or battery power plants. Final report, December 1976--December 1978
This report describes the design, construction and testing of a static inverter rated at 3.0 kilowatts. Circuit techniques were evaluated to obtain desired results with considerations to cost, reliability, maintainability, weight, size and efficiency. The application of this portable, rugged inverter is to replace mechanical alternating generators used in the field.
Rance, J.E.
Grid Impacts of Distributed Generation with Advanced Inverter Functions: Hosting Capacity of Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Using Smart Inverters
With increasing penetration levels of solar photovoltaics (PV), the need for inverter technology to provide grid support has become more and more critical. Since 2009, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and industry partners have been working to establish a common set of functions that can provide such capability. The development of a common set of functions is complete; however, very little work to date has addressed the impact that these common functions will have on grid performance, ...
United Nations Foundation Feed | Open Energy Information
Feed Feed Jump to: navigation, search Home | About | Inventory | Partnerships | Capacity Building | Webinars | Reports | Events | News | List Serve CLEAN Member Feeds Center for Environment and National Security at Scripps Centro de Energías Renovables (CER) The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) ClimateWorks Foundation Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) Ecofys Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) Energy Sector Management Assistance Program of the World Bank (ESMAP) Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA-TM) German Aerospace Center (DLR) German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP) Information for Development Program (infoDev)
CleanTX Foundation | Open Energy Information
CleanTX Foundation CleanTX Foundation Address 3925 W Braker Lane Place Austin, Texas Zip 78759 Region Texas Area Notes Promotes entrepreneurship in the field of clean technology, by providing educational forums, content, awareness and networking opportunities Website http://cleantx.org/ Coordinates 30.396989°, -97.735768° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":30.396989,"lon":-97.735768,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Expert Meeting Report: Foundations Research Results
Foundations Research Results Foundations Research Results C. Ojczyk, P. Huelman, and J. Carmody NorthernSTAR May 2013 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, subcontractors, or affiliated partners makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
Porous coatings from wire mesh for bone implants
A method of coating areas of bone implant elements and the resulting implant having a porous coating are described. Preselected surface areas are covered by a preform made from continuous woven lengths of wire. The preform is compressed and heated to assure that diffusion bonding occurs between the wire surfaces and between the surface boundaries of the implant element and the wire surfaces in contact with it. Porosity is achieved by control of the resulting voids between the bonded wire portions.
Sump, Kenneth R. (Richland, WA)
Nuclear Maintenance Applications Center: Wire Brush and Alternatives Selection Matrix
The purpose of this product is to provide maintenance personnel guidance regarding the suitability of various non-wire filament brush products for different applications in the plant. The objective of the Wire Brush and Alternatives Selection Matrix is to provide recommendations and encourage the use of products in lieu of wire brushes. The recommendations in the matrix were developed based on the testing described EPRI report 1022273, Wire Brush Testing, Procurement and Usage Guide, and recommendations ...
Transient Melt Pool Response in Wire Feed Additive Manufacturing ...
Symposium, Advanced Materials, Processes and Applications for Additive Manufacturing ... Lubricants in Deposition and Machining of Wire and Arc Additive�...
Excavationless Exterior Foundation Insulation Exploratory Study
The key objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the feasibility of the development or adoption of technologies that would enable a large percentage of existing homes in cold climates to apply a combination 'excavationless' soil removal process with appropriate insulation and water management on the exterior of existing foundations at a low cost. Our approach was to explore existing excavation and material technologies and systems to discover whether potential successful combinations existed.
Mosiman, G.; Wagner, R.; Schirber, T.
Dylan Jones, President & CEO Canada West Foundation
's Crude Oil and North American Demand in 2011 Source: CAPP, EIA, Statistics Canada #12;US oil production and overseas crude oil prices. Sources: US EIA, CERI, Canada West Foundation. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Jul-07 Jan-08 Jul-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jan-10 Jul-10 Jan-11 Jul-11 Jan-12 Jul-12 US$/b Crude Oil Benchmark
Peak, Derek
Radiation Damping of Shallow Foundations on Nonlinear Soil Medium
to the reduction of radiation damping due to soil yielding.since the reduced radiation damping at foundation level will2007 Paper No. 1150 RADIATION DAMPING OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Zhang, Jian; Tang, Yuchuan
Integration of Xantrex HY-100 Hybrid Inverter with an AC Induction Wind Turbine
Several issues must be addressed before solid-state inverters can be used in wind-diesel systems with larger wind turbines. This project addresses those issues by using a commercial hybrid inverter designed for PV-diesel systems and modifying the inverter for use with an AC induction wind turbine. Another approach would have entailed building an inverter specifically for use with an AC induction wind turbine, but that was beyond the scope of this project. The inverter chosen for this project was a Xantrex HY-100, an inverter designed for PV systems. The unit consists of an inverter/rectifier bridge, a generator interface contactor, a battery charge controller, a hybrid controller, and the associated control electronics. Details of the inverter may be found in Appendix A. A twofold approach was taken to integrating the existing inverter for use with an AC induction wind turbine: 1) development of a detailed model to model both steady-state and transient behavior of the system, and 2) modification and testing of the inverter with an induction wind turbine based on the modeling results. This report describes these two tasks.
Corbus, D.; Newcomb, C.; Friedly, S.
Composite wire microelectrode and method of making same
A composite wire microelectrode for making electro-chemical measurements, and method of making same, are disclosed. The microelectrode includes an inner conductive sensing wire and an outer tube that is oxidized to form a dielectric, self-healing oxide layer around the sensing wire. 4 figs.
Isaacs, H.S.; Aldykiewicz, A.J. Jr.
Wire-Extrusion Process Disrupted By Voltage Sags
This PQTN Case Study investigates voltage sags originating from a utility distribution system at a wire-extrusion plant near Cleveland, Ohio that were causing a wire-drawing process to malfunction, resulting in broken tungsten wire and hours of time spent restarting the manufacturing process.
A composite wire microelectrode for making electro-chemical measurements, and method of making same. The microelectrode includes an inner conductive sensing wire and an outer tube that is oxidized to form a dielectric, self-healing oxide layer around the sensing wire.
Isaacs, Hugh S. (Shoreham, NY); Aldykiewicz, Jr., Antonio J. (Thiells, NY)
Environmental and Corrosion Effects on Reinforced Concrete Foundations
The large number of transmission structures with concrete foundations that the electric industry maintains makes it important to develop efficient ways to monitor their condition and remediate damage, especially since the largest population of concrete foundations is 20-40 years old; and almost 40 of foundations are more than 40 years old. This report discusses the environmental and corrosion effects that affect steel-reinforced concrete foundations, including problems caused by poor construction, freezi...
10-22-09 TEXAS A&M RESEARCH FOUNDATION EMAIL & FAX APPROVAL AUTHORIZATION This form serves as authorization for the Texas A&M Research Foundation to accept approvals for invoices and project payroll expenses by email or fax. I understand that by using this process the Texas A&M Research Foundation
TEXAS A&M RESEARCH FOUNDATION FAX & EMAIL APPROVAL AUTHORIZATION This form serves as authorization for the Texas A&M Research Foundation to accept approvals by fax or email for invoices, travel, and/or payroll expenses. I understand that by using this method, the Texas A&M Research Foundation will process payments
Utility-scale grid-tied PV inverter reliability workshop summary report.
A key to the long-term success of the photovoltaic (PV) industry is confidence in the reliability of PV systems. Inverters are the most commonly noted cause of PV system incidents triggered in the field. While not all of these incidents are reliability-related or even necessarily failures, they still result in a loss of generated power. With support from the U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Energy Technologies Program, Sandia National Laboratories organized a Utility-Scale Grid-Tied Inverter Reliability Workshop in Albuquerque, New Mexico, January 27-28, 2011. The workshop addressed the reliability of large (100-kilowatt+) grid-tied inverters and the implications when such inverters fail, evaluated inverter codes and standards, and provided discussion about opportunities to enhance inverter reliability. This report summarizes discussions and presentations from the workshop and identifies opportunities for future efforts.
Granata, Jennifer E.; Quintana, Michael A.; Tasca, Coryne Adelle (SRA International, Inc., Fairfax, VA); Atcitty, Stanley
High density harp or wire scanner for particle beam diagnostics
A diagnostic detector head harp (23) used to detect and characterize high energy particle beams using an array of closely spaced detector wires (21), typically carbon wires, spaced less than 0.1 cm (0.040 inch) connected to a hybrid microcircuit (25) formed on a ceramic substrate (26). A method to fabricate harps (23) to obtain carbon wire spacing and density not previously available utilizing hybrid microcircuit technology. The hybrid microcircuit (25) disposed on the ceramic substrate (26) connects electrically between the detector wires (21) and diagnostic equipment (37) which analyzes pulses generated in the detector wires (21) by the high energy particle beams.
Fritsche, Craig T. (Overland Park, KS); Krogh, Michael L. (Lee' s Summit, MO)
Towards Ontological Foundations for Agent Modeling Concepts using
Abstract: Foundational ontologies provide the basic concepts upon which any domain-specific ontology is built. This paper presents a new foundational ontology, UFO, and shows how it can be used as a foundation of agent concepts and for evaluating agent-oriented modeling methods. UFO is derived from a synthesis of two other foundational ontologies, GFO/GOL and OntoClean/DOLCE. While their main areas of application are the natural sciences and linguistics/cognitive engineering, respectively, the main purpose of UFO is to provide a foundation for conceptual modeling, including agentoriented modeling. 1
Giancarlo Guizzardi; Gerd Wagner
Ground resistance of concrete foundations in substation yards
The reinforced concrete foundations in a substation yard have extensive reinforcing steel which is in metallic connection with the laid ground conductor. The foundations may contribute significantly to the dissipation of the fault and leakage currents. Simple to use equations and graphs are presented in this paper to determine the ground resistance of various types of foundations encountered in substation yards. The validity of the analytical approach has been verified with scale model tests. The ground resistance of the foundations estimated as suggested in the paper can be used to evaluate the role of the foundations as grounding element.
Thapar, B.; Ferrer, O. (Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (USA)); Blank, D.A. (Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR (USA))
Evaluation of Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters with Grid Support Functionality
Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are capable of providing grid-friendly functionalities, including reactive current support, active power control, frequency-watt control, and ride through for abnormal grid voltage. This technical update presents laboratory test results of two three-phase inverters with several of these grid support functionalities enabled. The inverters tested in this project are Sunny Tripower 10000TL from SMA Germany and the PVI 82KW from Solectria Renewables, LLC. Sunny Tripower is ...
Conductor and Shield Wire Inspection and Assessment
With thousands of miles of transmission lines nearing the end of their expected service life, conductor life and reliability are of increasing concern to many utilities. The consequences of conductor failure can be significant and its impacts widespread. ACSR conductors have been identified as the most problematic of all the conductors because the conductor core cannot be assessed visually. ACSR conductors have a steel stranded core to carry the wire tension load and two or more layers of aluminum strand...
Developement of a digitally controlled low power single phase inverter for grid connected solar panel.
?? The work consists in developing a power conversion unit for solar panel connected to the grid. This unit will be a single phase inverter� (more)
Marguet, Raphael
Energy Capture Improvement of a Solar PV System Using a Multilevel Inverter.
??The challenges with solar energy extraction are addressed in the proposed approach through development and demonstration of multilevel inverter architecture and the associated control algorithms.� (more)
Mahmud, Nayeem
Integral inverter/battery charger for use in electric vehicles. Final report
The design and test results of a thyristor based inverter/charger are discussed. A battery charger is included integral to the inverter by using a subset of the inverter power circuit components. The resulting charger provides electrical isolation between the vehicle propulsion battery and ac line and is capable of charging a 25 kWh propulsion battery in 8 hours from a 220 volt ac line. The integral charger employs the inverter commutation components as a resonant ac/dc isolated converter rated at 3.6 kW. Charger efficiency and power factor at an output power of 3.6 kW are 86% and 95%, respectively. The inverter, when operated with a matching polyphase ac induction motor and nominal 132 volt propulsion battery, can provide a peak shaft power of 34 kW (45 hp) during motoring operation and 45 kW (60 hp) during regeneration. Thyristors are employed for the inverter power switching devices and are arranged in an input-commutated topology. This configuration requires only two thyristors to commutate the six main inverter thyristors. Inverter efficiency during motoring operation at motor shaft speeds above 450 rad/sec (4300 rpm) is 92 to 94% for output power levels above 11 KW (15 hp). The combined ac inverter/charger package weighs 47 kg (103 lbs).
Thimmesch, D.
Mathematical model for the bridge-type auxiliary impulse commutated power inverter
This paper presents analytical picture for the utilization of the auxiliary impulse commutated inverter in connection with various direct energy conversion devices. To ensure effective inversion, V-A switching characteristics as well as power handling capacities with respect to interconnected modules have to be matched with loading conditions at the inverter output. Mathematical model for this inverter could be used as the basic criterion for expressing the time varying voltage output with respect to the specific applied from the direct energy conversion device. Pure sinusoidal inverter output voltage could be secured through total neutralization of impulse and DC components by filtering.
Denno, K.
A new current source GTO inverter with sinusoidal output voltage and current
A new current source inverter with sinusoidal output voltage and current is presented. Gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control techniques are used in the current source inverter to produce the sinusoidal output voltage and current. Three capacitors are connected to the ac output terminals to absorb overvoltages which occur when the GTO current is cut off and to provide a filter function for reducing harmonics in the output current. Voltage spikes, which have been a serious problem in the practical application of this inverter, are suppressed by adding gate pulses which force the inverter into a state of shoot-through. Moreover, this inverter permits the capacitance of an ac output terminal capacitor for absorbing overvoltages to be reduced to one-tenth or less of that of a commutating capacitor in a conventional thyristor type current source inverter. A 3.7-kW induction motor is driven by the inverter. The motor efficiency and noise level are measured and compared with those obtained when the motor is driven by a conventional voltage source PWM inverter. An operating efficiency five or six percent higher and noise level 10 dB lower are obtained for the former. Therefore, this current source GTO inverter is very suitable for ac motor variable speed drives.
Hombu, M.; Matsuda, Y.; Ueda, A.; Ueda, S.
A Generalized Inverter Control Method for a Variable Speed Wind Power System Under Unbalanced Operting Conditions.
??This thesis presents a generalized control method for complete harmonic elimination and adjustable power factor of a grid side inverter under unbalanced operating conditions used� (more)
Wu, Shuang
Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Research Foundations: Nanodevices
Nanodevices and Microsystems Nanodevices and Microsystems Microsystems-enabled photovoltaics, also known as solar glitter To enable new and increasingly powerful macrosystem capabilities for critical national systems, the Nanodevices and Microsystems Research Foundation works to increase understanding of physical phenomena across the quantum- to microscale continuum, create novel nano- and microscale devices, achieve new methods of integration, and realize novel microsystems-based complex systems. Why our work matters Microelectronic circuits have a strong history of dramatically improving the performance, functionality, and reliability of national security platforms. Adding microscale sensors, photonics, and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) to such platforms enables even further improvements to ensure a more robust national security profile.
Measure Guideline: Hybrid Foundation Insulation Retrofits
This measure guideline provides recommendations for designs and variations for retrofit hybrid assemblies in improving interior foundation insulation and water management of basements. Variations include closed cell spray foam (ccSPF) with membrane waterproofing or air gap membrane drainage layers, rigid board foam insulation at flat walls (cast concrete or CMU block), a 'partial drainage' detail making use of the bulk water drainage that occurs through the field of a rubble stone wall, and non-drained spray foam assemblies (including slab insulation).
Ueno, K.; Lstiburek, J.
Fault Current Contribution from Single-Phase PV Inverters
A significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) system installations is expected to come on line in the near future and as the penetration level of PV increases, the effect of PV may no longer be considered minimal. One of the most important attributions of additional PV is what effect this may have on protection systems. Protection engineers design protection systems to safely eliminate faults from the electric power system. One of the new technologies recently introduced into the electric power system are distributed energy resources (DER). Currently, inverter-based DER contributes very little to the power balance on all but a few utility distribution systems. As DER become prevalent in the distribution system, equipment rating capability and coordination of protection systems merit a closer investigation. A collaborative research effort between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Southern California Edison (SCE) involved laboratory short-circuit testing single-phase (240 VAC) residential type (between 1.5 and 7kW) inverters. This paper will reveal test results obtained from these short-circuit tests.
Keller, J.; Kroposki, B.; Bravo, R.; Robles, S.
Cold climate foundation insulation retrofit performance
The effectiveness of foundation insulation retrofits in 15 Minnesota houses was evaluated using a before-after experimental method. Nine houses received interior retrofits; six, exterior retrofits. Foundation air leaks were sealed before the preretrofit heating season to control for inadvertent sealing during retrofit. Basement heating supply and return registers were closed in most houses for the 21-month monitoring period, and for all houses the basement was an uncontrolled zone without a thermostat. Homeowners recorded gas and electricity meter readings and furnace and water heater on-times weekly. A load vs. outdoor temperature was used to evaluate changes in energy use. The average whole-house energy savings for the interior and exterior cases were 92 and 24 therm per year, or 7.9% (range - 0.6% to 17.8%) and 3.0% (range -2.9% to 8.3%), respectively. Minimum payback periods for the interior and exterior cases were 12 and 37 years, respectively. For all houses the basement temperature increased between the pre- and post-retrofit periods, and all homeowners reported increased comfort in their basements. Average measured savings were about one-third of those predicted. The results show that the application of insulation in an uncontrolled zone produces highly variable results and has the principal effect of increasing the temperature and comfort of the basement rather than producing cost-effective whole-house energy savings.
Robinson, D.A. (Robinson Technical Services, St. Paul, MN (US)); Goldberg, L.F.; Shen, L.S. (Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (US)); Nelson, G.D. (Energy Conservatory, Minneapolis, MN (US)); Hewett, M.J. (Center for Energy and the Urban Environment, Minneapolis, MN (US)); Noble, M.T. (Natural Resources Corp., Minneapolis, MN (US))
Study on the Harmonics of Photovoltaic Generation SPWM Inverting Power Supplies
Harmonics are the main polluting source of affecting the power energy quality. In this paper, the causes that SPWM inverter power supply produces the harmonics are analyzed firstly and then a new three-phase ?-band-pass filter is designed to improve ... Keywords: harmonious, solar energy photovoltaic power, inverter, current ripples component
Jianqu Zhu; Feng Wang; Taiqiang Cao
Performance Test Protocol for Evaluating Inverters Used in Grid-Connected
Performance Test Protocol for Evaluating Inverters Used in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems....................................................................................................................................... 36 A1 Simplified Photovoltaic I-V Curve Model Inverters Used in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems 1 Overview One measure of the maturity of an industry
Switching response modeling of the CMOS inverter for sub-micron devices
In this paper an accurate, analytical model for the evaluation of the CMOS inverter delay in the sub- micron regime, is presented. A detailed analysis of the inverter operation is provided which results to accurate expressions describing the output waveform. ... Keywords: CMOS circuits timing analysis, Propagation delay modeling, Sub-micron devices.
L. Bisdounis; S. Nikolaidis; O. Koufopavlou; C. E. Goutis
A New Multi-level Inverter with FACTS Capabilities for Wind Applications
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an attractive topology for HVDC/FACTS systems. In this paper a new single-phase MMC-based D-STATCOM inverter for grid connection is proposed. The proposed inverter is designed for grid-connected wind turbines ... Keywords: D-STATCOM, Modular Multi-level Converter, Renewable Energy Source
Pedram Sotoodeh, Ruth Douglas Miller
Towards an understanding of light activation processes in titanium oxide based inverted organic solar cells
, 233903 (2012) Thin-film encapsulation of inverted indium-tin-oxide-free polymer solar cells by atomic structures.25 In an inverted PSC, electrons are collected by the indium tin oxide (ITO) bottom electrode of increasing attention around the world for the last 20 years as a potential source of renewable energy. PSC
Different methods for direct torque control of induction motor fed from current source inverter
Two different methods for direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor fed from current source inverter (CSI) is analyzed in the paper. The first one is derived from well-known DTC strategy developed for voltage inverter drives. This type of control ... Keywords: CSI, DTC, constant switching, hysteresis comparator, induction motor
Aleksandar Nikolic; Borislav Jeftenic
Influence of voltage drop to electric drive with induction motor and voltage sourced inverter
This paper solves problematic of immunity from the voltage drop of the power supply of the electric drive with induction motor with Voltage-Fed inverter. There are reflected opportune control algorithms for the quickly to change of working regime from ... Keywords: electric drive with induction motor, electric drive with voltage sourced inverter, voltage drop
P. Bene�; J. Fo?t; M. Pittermann
Ligand chemistry of titania precursor affects transient photovoltaic behavior in inverted organic solar cells
transient photovoltaic behavior in inverted organic solar cells Jong Bok Kim,1,a) Seokhoon Ahn,2,b) Seok JuLigand chemistry of titania precursor affects transient photovoltaic behavior in inverted organic solar cells Jong Bok Kim, Seokhoon Ahn, Seok Ju Kang, Colin Nuckolls, and Yueh-Lin Loo Citation: Appl
A model reduction approach for constructing compact dynamic thermal models of IGBT-modules of inverters
This paper presents a model reduction approach for constructing lumped RC thermal networks of IGBT-modules of inverters for which heat and subsequent temperature increases vary with time on different scales ranging from nanosecond to second. It was observed ... Keywords: Compact thermal modelling, Electro-thermal simulation, IGBT-modules, Inverters, Thermal analysis
J. Antonios; N. Ginot; C. Batard; Y. Scudeller; M. Machmoum
Synchronization and Power Sharing for Droop-Controlled Inverters in Islanded Microgrids
Synchronization and Power Sharing for Droop-Controlled Inverters in Islanded Microgrids John W in an inductive microgrid. We show that a network of loads and DC/AC inverters equipped with power-frequency droop model, distributed control. 1 Introduction A microgrid is a low-voltage electrical network, hetero
Inverted Troughs and Cyclogenesis over Interior North America: A Limited Regional Climatology and Case Studies
A limited regional climatology of cyclones with and without inverted troughs that form in the Colorado region is presented along with case study results from two major cyclone events in which an inverted trough plays a prominent role in the life ...
Len G. Keshishian; Lance F. Bosart; W. Edward Bracken
Status and Needs of Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Inverters: Summary Document
Photovoltaic inverters are the most mature of any DER inverter, and their mean time to first failure (MTFF) is about five years. This is an unacceptable MTFF and will inhibit the rapid expansion of PV. With all DER technologies, (solar, wind, fuel cells, and microturbines) the inverter is still an immature product that will result in reliability problems in fielded systems. The increasing need for all of these technologies to have a reliable inverter provides a unique opportunity to address these needs with focused R&D development projects. The requirements for these inverters are so similar that modular designs with universal features are obviously the best solution for a ''next generation'' inverter. A ''next generation'' inverter will have improved performance, higher reliability, and improved profitability. Sandia National Laboratories has estimated that the development of a ''next generation'' inverter could require approximately 20 man-years of work over an 18- to 24-month time frame, and that a government-industry partnership will greatly improve the chances of success.
Noise-Tolerant Model of a Ternary Inverter Based on Markov Random Field
A noise-tolerant model of a ternary inverter is proposed based on extension of Markov Random Field (MRF). Simulation results are reported to justify the noise immunity of this model using PSPICE and 16-nm Berkeley CMOS technology. Keywords: ternary inverter, noise-tolerance, Markov random field model
Golam Tangim, Svetlana N. Yanushkevich, Seiya Kasai, Vlad P. Shmerko
Evaluation tests of Abacus 6 kVA utility-interactive inverter
The voltage pattern spectra were analyzed for 100% and 50% pattern ratios and harmonics analyses are provided for the Abacus inverter. The harmonics are compared with those calculated for a simple model with no agreement. AC waveforms and inverter current spectra are given as well as basic electrical data. (LEW)
Landsman, E.E.
An SCR inverter with an integral battery charger for electric vehicles
A thyristor-based inverter/charger for use in electric passenger vehicles is described, and prototype charger test results are presented. A battery charger is included integral to the inverter by using a subset of the inverter power circuit components. The integral charger employs the inverter commutation components as a resonant ac/dc converter rated at 3.6 kW. The resulting charger provides electrical isolation between the vehicle propulsion battery and ac line and is capable of charging a 25kWh propulsion battery in 8 h from a 220-V ac line. Charger efficiency and power factor at an output power of 3.6 kW are 86 and 95 percent, respectively. The inverter, when operated with a matching polyphase ac induction motor and nominal 132-V propulsion battery, can provide a peak shaft power of 34 kW (45 hp) during motoring operation and 45 kW (60 hp) during regeneration. Thyristors are employed for the inverter power switching devices and are arranged in an input-commutated topology. This configuration requires only two thyristors to commutate the six main inverter thyristors. The combined ac inverter/charger package weighs 47 kg (103 lb).
''Water bath'' effect during the electrical underwater wire explosion
The results of a simulation of underwater electrical wire explosion at a current density >10{sup 9} A/cm{sup 2}, total discharge current of {approx}3 MA, and rise time of the current of {approx}100 ns are presented. The electrical wire explosion was simulated using a one-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic model. It is shown that the radiation of the exploded wire produces a thin conducting plasma shell in the water in the vicinity of the exploding wire surface. It was found that this plasma shell catches up to 30% of the discharge current. Nevertheless, it was shown that the pressure and temperature of the wire material remain unchanged as compared with the idealized case of the electrical wire explosion in vacuum. This result is explained by a 'water bath' effect.
Oreshkin, V. I.; Chaikovsky, S. A.; Ratakhin, N. A.; Grinenko, A.; Krasik, Ya. E. [High Current Electronic Institute SB RAS, Tomsk (Russian Federation); Physics Department, Technion, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Research Foundations: Radiation
Radiation Effects and High Energy Density Science Radiation Effects and High Energy Density Science Rings of Saturn, Sandia's workhorse pulsed-power machine. The Radiation Effects and High Energy Density Science Research Foundation seeks to advance science and engineering in the areas of radiation effects sciences, high energy density science, and pulsed-power science and technology to address critical national security issues. Why our work matters We address several issues key to nuclear security and maintaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear stockpile. For example, radiation effects science ensures that engineered systems are able to operate as intended in the radiation environments they encounter. In addition, high energy density science validates models that are used to certify the performance of the
In the Expert Meeting Plan, the NorthernSTAR Team proposed to host two Expert Meetings in calendar year 2011. Invitees to the meetings would include experts in the current field of study, other BA team members, and representatives from DOE and NREL. They will invite leading industry experts to present at these meetings. The Expert Meetings will focus on key systems areas that will be required to meet the Building America performance goals and shall be sufficiently narrow in scope that specific conclusions, action items, and delegation of future tasks can be identified and completed. The two expert meeting topics are 'Foundations' and 'Window Retrofit.' The first session is designed as a webinar only and the second will be a live meeting.
Ojczyk, C.; Huelman, P.; Carmody, J.
Information architecture. Volume 1, The foundations
The Information Management Planning and Architecture Coordinating Team was formed to establish an information architecture framework to meet DOE`s current and future information needs. This department- wide activity was initiated in accordance with the DOE Information Management Strategic Plan; it also supports the Departmental Strategic Plan. It recognizes recent changes in emphasis as reflected in OMB Circular A-130 and the Information Resources Management Planning Process Improvement Team recommendations. Sections of this document provides the foundation for establishing DOE`s Information Architecture: Background, Business Case (reduced duplication of effort, increased integration of activities, improved operational capabilities), Baseline (technology baseline currently in place within DOE), Vision (guiding principles for future DOE Information Architecture), Standards Process, Policy and Process Integration (describes relations between information architecture and business processes), and Next Steps. Following each section is a scenario. A glossary of terms is provided.
Soldering Small Beads to Fine Wires
One method suggested for soldering small beads to fine wires using a torch to heat the bead, flux, and magnesia brick did not prove entirely satisfactory in this case. It was found the brick would draw heat away from the bead and flux at too fast a rate resulting in a poor weld, a rough surface, and an excessive accumulation of flux on the bead. Secondly, removal of the depleted flux presented a problem when the welding was done on the surface of the brick.
Stanton, J. S.
Investigating the Use of Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Aging Wire
Aging wiring has become a critical issue to DoD, NASA, FAA, and Industry. The problem is that insulation on environmentally aged wire becomes brittle and cracks. This exposes the underlying conductive wire to the potential for short circuits and fire. The difficulty is that techniques to monitor aging wire problems focus on applying electrical sensing techniques that are not very sensitive to the wire insulation. Thus, the development of methods to quantify and monitor aging wire insulation is highly warranted. Measurement of wire insulation stiffness by ultrasonic guided waves is being examined. Initial laboratory tests were performed on a simple model consisting of a solid cylinder and then a solid cylinder with a polymer coating. Experimental measurements showed that the lowest order axisymmetric mode may be sensitive to stiffness changes in the wire insulation. To test this theory, mil-spec wire samples MIL-W-81381, MIL-W-22759/34, and MIL-W-22759/87 (typically found in aircraft) were heat-damaged in an oven, in a range of heating conditions. The samples were 12, 16, and 20 gauge and the heat-damage introduced material changes in the wire-insulation that made the originally flexible insulation brittle and darker in color. Axisymmetric mode phasevelocity increased for the samples that were exposed to heat for longer duration. For example, the phase velocity in the 20-gauge MIL-W-22759/34 wire changed from a baseline value of 2790m/s to 3280m/s and 3530m/s for one-hour exposures to 349 C and 399 C, respectively. Although the heat-damage conditions are not the same as environmental aging, we believe that with further development and refinements, the ultrasonic guided waves can be used to inspect wire-insulation for detrimental environmental aging conditions.
Insulation Assessment Robert; Robert F. Anastasi A; Eric I. Madaras B
CEBAF 200 kV Inverted Electron Gun
Two DC high voltage GaAs photoguns have been built at Jefferson Lab based on a compact inverted insulator design. One photogun provides the polarized electron beam at CEBAF and operates at 130 kV bias voltage. The other gun is used for high average current lifetime studies at a dedicated test facility and has been operated at bias voltage up to 225 kV. The advantages of higher DC voltage for CEBAF include reduced space-charge emittance growth and the potential for prolonged photocathode lifetime. However, a consequence of operating at higher voltages is the increased likelihood of field emission or breakdown, both of which are unacceptable. Highlights of the R&D studies leading toward a production 200keV GaAs photogun for CEBAF will be presented.
J.M. Grames, P.A. Adderley, J. Clark, J. Hansknecht, M. Poelker, M.L. Stutzman, R. Suleiman, K.E.L. Surles-Law
Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) is currently developing a new 500kV DC electron gun for future use with the FEL. The design consists of two inverted ceramics which support a central cathode electrode. This layout allows for a load-lock system to be located behind the gun chamber. The electrostatic geometry of the gun has been designed to minimize surface electric field gradients and also to provide some transverse focusing to the electron beam during transit between the cathode and anode. This paper discusses the electrode design philosophy and presents the results of electrostatic simulations. The electric field information obtained through modeling was used with particle tracking codes to predict the effects on the electron beam.
P. Evtushenko ,F.E. Hannon, C. Hernandez-Garcia
EV drivetrain inverter with V/HZ optimization
An inverter (34) which provides power to an A.C. machine (28) is controlled by a circuit (36) employing PWM control strategy whereby A.C. power is supplied to the machine at a preselectable frequency and preselectable voltage. This is accomplished by the technique of waveform notching in which the shapes of the notches are varied to determine the average energy content of the overall waveform. Through this arrangement, the operational efficiency of the A.C. machine is optimized. The control circuit includes a micro-computer which calculates optimized machine control data signals from various parametric inputs and during steady state load conditions, seeks a best V/HZ ratio to minimize battery current drawn (system losses) from a D.C. power source (32). In the preferred embodiment, the present invention is incorporated within an electric vehicle (10) employing a 144 VDC battery pack and a three-phase induction motor (18).
Gritter, David J. (Southfield, MI); O' Neil, Walter K. (Birmingham, MI)
Thin films flowing down inverted substrates: two dimensional flow
We consider free surface instabilities of films flowing on inverted substrates within the framework of lubrication approximation. We allow for the presence of fronts and related contact lines, and explore the role which they play in instability development. It is found that a contact line, modeled by a commonly used precursor film model, leads to free surface instabilities of convective type without any additional natural or excited perturbations. A single parameter D=(3Ca)^{1/3}cot\\alpha, where Ca is the capillary number and \\alpha is the inclination angle, is identified as a governing parameter in the problem. This parameter may be interpreted to reflect the combined effect of inclination angle, film thickness, Reynolds number and the fluid flux. Variation of D leads to change of the wave-like properties of the instabilities, allowing to observe traveling wave behavior, mixed waves, and the waves resembling solitary ones.
Lin, Te-sheng
DOE Office of Indian Energy Foundational Course on Geothermal
DOE OFFICE OF INDIAN ENERGY Foundational Courses Renewable Energy Technologies GEOTHERMAL Presented by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Course Outline What we will cover......
Foundation Analysis and Design (FAD) Tools Version 5.1
Foundation Analysis and Design (FAD) Tools is a software package that provides for the design of transmission line foundations for single pole structures (MFAD), H-frame structures (HFAD) and steel towers (TFAD). The FAD Tools software provides for the design of drilled shafts and direct embedded poles in soil and rock for single pole foundations (MFAD), and drilled shafts and direct embedded poles in soil and rock for H-frame foundations (HFAD) and drilled shafts for steel towers (TFAD). The software ha...
NETL: News Release - Kentucky Research Foundation Signs $9 Million...
Will Make Commercial Use of Coal Combustion Byproduct WASHINGTON, DC - A team led by the University of Kentucky Research Foundation of Lexington, Ky., recently signed an agreement...
News and Update: National Science Foundation Responds to ...
National Science Foundation Responds to Terrorist Assault with Emergency Research, .... the WTC and the response of hospitals and other emergency services.
Corrosion Behavior of Twin Wire Arc Sprayed Inconel Coating
Presentation Title, Corrosion Behavior of Twin Wire Arc Sprayed Inconel Coating. Author(s), Sofiane Djeraf, Yamina Mebdoua, Hadj Lahmar, Rachid Lakhdari.
Challenges of Using Copper as a Bonding Wire Material
Due to its malleability and surface properties, gold as a wire material is ideally suited for the bonding process. However, the cost of gold has increased�...
Microstructural Evolution in TWIP Steels during Wire Drawing
The results obtained by wire drawing have been compared with those by uniaxial tension and cold rolling. It has been shown that the evolution of texture and�...
Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Structure in Gallium Selenide...
Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Structure in Gallium Selenide Layers Print Low-dimensional materials have gained much attention not only because of the nonstop march toward...
Control of Wire Rod Physical Properties Like Ultimate Tensile ...
Sep 1, 2001 ... Control of Wire Rod Physical Properties Like Ultimate Tensile Strength and Elongation by Close Monitoring of Rolling Energy Input
Characterization of Wire Bonds Sujected to Ultrasonic ... - TMS
May 1, 2007 ... Characterization of Wire Bonds Sujected to Ultrasonic Welding and Thermal Cycling by Anil Saigal, Peterson Silva, Robert Greif and Michael�...
The Superelastic Behavior of Ti-Ni Superelastic Wire Rope
The advantages of superelastic wire ropes are better fatigue life, increase bending flexibility and increase responsively. There are few studies of superelastic�...
An Updated Assessement of Copper Wire Thefts from Electric Utilities...
infrastructure in the United States. This report updates a previously published report on copper wire theft. The combined efforts of electric utilities, lawmakers, scrap metal...
Numerical Simulations of Wire and Foil Behaviors under Megaampere...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
2: High Energy Density, Plasmas, Magnetic Fields Numerical Simulations of Wire and Foil Electrical Explosion under Helical EMG Current Drive for Warm Dense Matter Generation S.F....
Electrical and capacitive methods for detecting degradation in wire insulation.
??Motivated by a need within the aerospace industry to detect and characterize degradation in the insulation of onboard wires, this thesis reports testing of several� (more)
Sheldon, Robert Thomas
Processing of Aluminum Wires and Its Effect on Their Electrical ...
The treated specimens were mechanically tested and their electrical resistivity was measured and compared with pure aluminum wires. The highest electrical�...
ORNL and SuperPower Sign Superconducting Wire Agreement
for more efficient transmission of electricity. ... line networks; and increase power-transmission capacity. Second-generation (2G) wires made by
Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition with Carbide Filaments ...
Many of the current industry cells in production have come through NREL, ... One deposition technology utilized at NREL deals with hot wire chemical ...
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light)- Farm Wiring Financing Program
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power & Light) offers a farm wiring financing program to increase farm safety, productivity and efficiency, while decreasing the potential for stray voltage on...
Bimetallic steel/aluminum wire for overhead telecommunication lines
for power transmission and overhead telecommunication lines and other .... " Method of manufacture of bimetallic wire for, e.g., trolley-bus cable or rods, n Inven-.
Humidity effects on wire insulation breakdown strength.
Methods for the testing of the dielectric breakdown strength of insulation on metal wires under variable humidity conditions were developed. Two methods, an ASTM method and the twisted pair method, were compared to determine if the twisted pair method could be used for determination of breakdown strength under variable humidity conditions. It was concluded that, although there were small differences in outcomes between the two testing methods, the non-standard method (twisted pair) would be appropriate to use for further testing of the effects of humidity on breakdown performance. The dielectric breakdown strength of 34G copper wire insulated with double layer Poly-Thermaleze/Polyamide-imide insulation was measured using the twisted pair method under a variety of relative humidity (RH) conditions and exposure times. Humidity at 50% RH and below was not found to affect the dielectric breakdown strength. At 80% RH the dielectric breakdown strength was significantly diminished. No effect for exposure time up to 140 hours was observed at 50 or 80%RH.
Appelhans, Leah
WPET '98, Dearborn, Michigan, October 22-23, 1998, pp. 79-84. Multilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicle Applications
) and hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) motor drives. Diode-clamped inverters and cascaded H-bridge inverters, (1 and many military combat vehicles that have large electric drives will require advanced power firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract This paper presents multilevel inverters as an application for all-electric vehicle (EV
Tolbert, Leon M.
TMS320F2812 DSP controller for dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) application for improving of a three phase inverter
This paper discusses a control technique improvement of a three-phase inverter using TMS320F2812 DSP controller for Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) applications. The output of the inverter is then connected to a voltage grid via a second order filter ... Keywords: TMS320F2812 DSP, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), filter, inverters, total harmonic distortion (THD)
R. Omar; N. A. Rahim
Understanding and managing the effects of battery charger and inverter aging
An aging assessment of battery chargers and inverters was conducted under the auspices of the NRC's Nuclear Plant Aging Research (NPAR) Program. The intentions of this program are to resolve issues related to the aging and service wear of equipment and systems at operating reactor facilities and to assess their impact on safety. Inverters and battery chargers are used in nuclear power plants to perform significant functions related to plant safety and availability. The specific impact of a battery charger or inverter failure varies with plant configuration. Operating experience data have demonstrated that reactor trips, safety injection system actuations, and inoperable emergency core cooling systems have resulted from inverter failures; and dc bus degradation leading to diesel generator inoperability or loss of control room annunication and indication have resulted from battery and battery charger failures. For the battery charger and inverter, the aging and service wear of subcomponents have contributed significantly to equipment failures. This paper summarizes the data and then describes methods that can be used to detect battery charger and inverter degradation prior to failure, as well as methods to minimize the failure effects. In both cases, the managing of battery charger and inverter aging is emphasized. 5 refs.
Gunther, W. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)); Aggarwal, S. (Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC (United States))
An aging assessment of battery chargers and inverters was conducted under the auspices of the NRC`s Nuclear Plant Aging Research (NPAR) Program. The intentions of this program are to resolve issues related to the aging and service wear of equipment and systems at operating reactor facilities and to assess their impact on safety. Inverters and battery chargers are used in nuclear power plants to perform significant functions related to plant safety and availability. The specific impact of a battery charger or inverter failure varies with plant configuration. Operating experience data have demonstrated that reactor trips, safety injection system actuations, and inoperable emergency core cooling systems have resulted from inverter failures; and dc bus degradation leading to diesel generator inoperability or loss of control room annunication and indication have resulted from battery and battery charger failures. For the battery charger and inverter, the aging and service wear of subcomponents have contributed significantly to equipment failures. This paper summarizes the data and then describes methods that can be used to detect battery charger and inverter degradation prior to failure, as well as methods to minimize the failure effects. In both cases, the managing of battery charger and inverter aging is emphasized. 5 refs.
Gunther, W. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States); Aggarwal, S. [Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC (United States)
WireGL: a scalable graphics system for clusters
We describe WireGL, a system for scalable interactive rendering on a cluster of workstations. WireGL provides the familiar OpenGL API to each node in a cluster, virtualizing multiple graphics accelerators into a sort-first parallel renderer with a parallel ... Keywords: cluster rendering, parallel rendering, remote graphics, scalable rendering, tiled displays, virtual graphics
Greg Humphreys; Matthew Eldridge; Ian Buck; Gordan Stoll; Matthew Everett; Pat Hanrahan
Comparison of quantum confinement effects between quantum wires and dots
? wire . Si GaAs InAs InP CdSe CdS CdTe ? dot ? dot ? wire ?systems like InP and CdSe. Here, we like to address thesematerials: Si, InP, InAs, GaAs, CdSe, CdS, and CdTe. Unlike
Li, Jingbo; Wang, Lin-Wang
Review of Polyimide Insulated Wire in Nuclear Power Plants
Because of its toughness and other desirable properties, Kapton insulated wire has been test-qualified for use in nuclear power plants; however, failures of this material in military aircraft have raised safety questions. This report identifies the conditions of proper use and handling that will ensure reliable functioning of the wire under nuclear plant operating and accident conditions.
Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Meeting
Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Meeting Held in Hiroshima Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Meeting Held in Hiroshima July 22, 2013 - 4:54pm Addthis Third Radiation Effects Research Foundation Board of Councilors Meeting Held in Hiroshima The third Board of Councilors (BOC) meeting was held on June 18-19 at the Hiroshima Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), a bi-national U.S.-Japan research organization. The BOC is the highest decision-making body at RERF, consisting of eight Councilors elected from the United States and Japan. A total of 23 participants, including 8 Councilors from the United States and Japan and officials from the U.S. and Japanese Governments, were present at the meeting. The Office of Health, Safety and
Arizona Foundation Expands Weatherization Training Center | Department of
Arizona Foundation Expands Weatherization Training Center Arizona Foundation Expands Weatherization Training Center Arizona Foundation Expands Weatherization Training Center September 22, 2010 - 10:21am Addthis Stephen Graff Former Writer & editor for Energy Empowers, EERE To an outsider, Arizona's Foundation for Senior Living (FSL) probably sounds like an organization that deals just with retired folks. But a closer look reveals a more diverse organization. Not only does the 35-year-old nonprofit perform energy upgrades for low-income residents, but in Maricopa County and the Phoenix area it also trains a good part of the weatherization workforce to do that. Expanding building science Since 2004, more than 1,450 people have completed programs at the Foundation's weatherization training center. Now, because of Weatherization
Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees | Open Energy
Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees Jump to: navigation, search Name Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees Agency/Company /Organization U.S. Agency for International Development Sector Energy Topics Finance, Co-benefits assessment, Background analysis Website http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/ Country Honduras UN Region Latin America and the Caribbean References Honduras-Evaluation of Covelo Foundation DCA Guarantees[1] Background "This report presents findings and conclusions from an evaluation, carried out in March and April of 2009, of DCA guarantees used by the José Maria Covelo Foundation (FJMC) in Honduras. The evaluation sought to answer seven evaluation questions concerning the outputs, outcomes, and impact of the
A Preliminary Cost Study of the Dual Mode Inverter Controller
In 1998, the Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center (PEEMRC) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) started a program to investigate alternate field weakening schemes for permanent magnet (PM) motors. The adjective ''alternate'' was used because at that time, outside research emphasis was on motors with interior-mounted PMs (IPMs). The PEEMRC emphasis was placed on motors with surface-mounted PMs (SPMs) because of the relative ease of manufacturing SPM motors compared with the IPM motors. Today the PEEMRC is continuing research on SPMs while examining the IPMs that have been developed by industry. Out of this task--the goal of which was to find ways to drive PM motors that inherently have low inductance at high speeds where their back-emf exceeds the supply voltage--ORNL developed and demonstrated the dual mode inverter control (DMIC) [1,2] method of field weakening for SPM motors. The predecessor of DMIC is conventional phase advance (CPA), which was developed by UQM Technologies, Inc. [3]. Fig. 1 shows the three sets of anti-parallel thyristors in the dashed box that comprise the DMIC. If one removes the dashed box by shorting each set of anti-parallel thyristors, the configuration becomes a conventional full bridge inverter on the left driving a three phase motor on the right. CPA may be used to drive this configuration ORNL's initial analyses of CPA and DMIC were based on driving motors with trapezoidal back-emfs [4-6], obtained using double layer lapped stator windings with one slot per pole per phase. A PM motor with a sinusoidal back-emf obtained with two poles per slot per phase has been analyzed under DMIC operation as a University of Tennessee-Knoxville (UTK) doctoral dissertation [7]. In the process of this research, ORNL has completed an analysis that explains and quantifies the role of inductance in these methods of control. The Appendix includes information on the equations for the three components of phase inductance, L{sub gap}, L{sub slot}, and L{sub endturns}. PM motors inherently have a lower inductance because of the increase in effective air gap caused by the magnet, which is in the denominator of the equation for L{sub gap}. L{sub gap} accounts for about half of the phase inductance. Because of the low inductance, there is a propensity for currents to exceed the motor's rated value. DMIC solves this problem for low-inductance PM motors and, in addition, provides a number of safety features that protect against uncontrolled generator mode operation [8,9]; however, the DMIC topology adds a pair of anti-parallel thyristors in each of the three phases, thereby introducing additional silicon costs as well as additional voltage drops during operation. It poses the tradeoff question; under what conditions can the beneficial features of DMIC offset its additional silicon cost and voltage drop losses? The purpose of this report is to address the tradeoff question. Sections of the report will: (1) review the role of self-inductance in performance and control of PM motors, (2) discuss the bounding inductances for motors with trapezoidal back-emfs under CPA control, (3) discuss the bounding inductances for trapezoidal back-emfs under DMIC, (4) discuss the bounding inductances for the PM synchronous motor (PMSM), (5) present the analysis showing how DMIC minimizes current in PMSMs, (6) present the results of a cost study conducted for two motors driven using a CPA inverter and for two motors driven using DMIC, (7) discuss estimating life cycle cost benefits, and (8) present conclusions.
McKeever, J.W.
Loss of line shutdown for line-commutated utility-interactive inverter
The line-commutated, single-phase, utility-interactive inverter has been used in utility-connected photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems because it is commercially available at an attractive price. If unity power factor operation is required, a shunt capacitor can be used. This causes a problem if the utility line is disconnected; the inverter can continue to run and can thus be a hazard. This can be solved by using a fast-acting overvoltage detection circuit which operates directly on the inverter control electronics.
A method for reducing harmonics in output voltages of a double-connected inverter
A new method for reducing harmonics involved in output voltages of the double-connected inverter is proposed. By adding four auxiliary switching devices and an interphase transformer with secondary winding to the conventional 12-step inverter, output voltages of the proposed circuit can be almost the same waveforms as a conventional 36-step inverter. In this paper, circuit performances and output voltage waveforms are discussed, and the optimum parameters are derived. Then, effects on harmonic reductions can be clarified by theoretical and experimental results, and ratings of system components are investigated.
Masukawa, Shigeo; Iida, Shoji (Tokyo Denki Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Electrical Engineering)
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) - Farm Wiring Grant Program |
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) - Farm Wiring Grant Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) - Farm Wiring Grant Program Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) - Farm Wiring Grant Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Maximum Rebate $9,000 Program Info State Wisconsin Program Type Utility Grant Program Rebate Amount $1,000 plus 50% of remaining costs Provider Alliant Energy Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) offers a Farm Wiring Grant program to increase farm safety, productivity and efficiency. The first $1,000 of the cost of the project is covered by a grant, as well as 50% of the remaining costs (up to $9,000), for a maximum grant incentive of $10,000. Alliant Energy will inspect the facility for stray voltage and recommend improvements. Alliant's Farm Wiring Financing Program also offers
ORNL Publishes Study on Superconducting Wire Performance | Department of
ORNL Publishes Study on Superconducting Wire Performance ORNL Publishes Study on Superconducting Wire Performance ORNL Publishes Study on Superconducting Wire Performance August 23, 2013 - 4:06pm Addthis The Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) recently released a new study on advances in superconducting wire technology. A team led by ORNL's Amit Goyal demonstrated that the ability to control nanoscale imperfections in superconducting wires results in materials with excellent and customized performance. The team's findings are published in Nature Publishing Group's Scientific Reports. The full press release and link to the new report are available on ORNL's website. Dr. Goyal, a high temperature superconductivity (HTS) research at ORNL, won the Department's 2011 E.O. Lawrence Award in the inaugural category of
Intermetallic alloy welding wires and method for fabricating the same
Welding wires for welding together intermetallic alloys of nickel aluminides, nickel-iron aluminides, iron aluminides, or titanium aluminides, and preferably including additional alloying constituents are fabricated as two-component, clad structures in which one component contains the primary alloying constituent(s) except for aluminum and the other component contains the aluminum constituent. This two-component approach for fabricating the welding wire overcomes the difficulties associated with mechanically forming welding wires from intermetallic alloys which possess high strength and limited ductilities at elevated temperatures normally employed in conventional metal working processes. The composition of the clad welding wires is readily tailored so that the welding wire composition when melted will form an alloy defined by the weld deposit which substantially corresponds to the composition of the intermetallic alloy being joined. 4 figs.
Santella, M.L.; Sikka, V.K.
Welding wires for welding together intermetallic alloys of nickel aluminides, nickel-iron aluminides, iron aluminides, or titanium aluminides, and preferably including additional alloying constituents are fabricated as two-component, clad structures in which one component contains the primary alloying constituent(s) except for aluminum and the other component contains the aluminum constituent. This two-component approach for fabricating the welding wire overcomes the difficulties associated with mechanically forming welding wires from intermetallic alloys which possess high strength and limited ductilities at elevated temperatures normally employed in conventional metal working processes. The composition of the clad welding wires is readily tailored so that the welding wire composition when melted will form an alloy defined by the weld deposit which substantially corresponds to the composition of the intermetallic alloy being joined.
Santella, Michael L. (Knoxville, TN); Sikka, Vinod K. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Investigating The Use Of Ultrasound For Evaluating Aging Wiring Insulation
This paper reviews our initial efforts to investigate the use of ultrasound to evaluate wire insulation. Our initial model was a solid conductor with heat shrink tubing applied. In this model, various wave modes were identified. Subsequently, several aviation classes of wires (MIL-W81381, MIL-W-22759/34, and MIL-W-22759/87) were measured. The wires represented polyimide and ethylene-tetraflouroethylene insulations, and combinations of polyimide and flouropolymer plastics. Wire gages of 12, 16, and 20 AWG sizes were measured. Finally, samples of these wires were subjected to high temperatures for short periods of time to cause the insulation to degrade. Subsequent measurements indicated easily detectable changes.
Eric I. Madaras; Robert F. Anastasi
Smart Wires Demo March 17, 2004 REVISED
Intelligent Power Infrastructure Consortium Intelligent Power Infrastructure Consortium Smart Wires Dynamically Controllable Grid Assets Prof. Deepak Divan Associate Director, Strategic Energy Institute Director, Intelligent Power Infrastructure Consortium School of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 777 Atlantic Drive NW email@example.com Atlanta, GA 2 Power Delivery - Major Challenge for Sustainable Energy * Wind at price parity with natural gas, retail price parity imminent for solar PV. Binding RPS mandates of 10-40% in 27 states. * To meet current reliability standards, new solar/wind plants need energy storage, back-up fossil plants & spinning reserve. * EVs require spinning reserve and back-up generation. * Excessive new T&D buildout with RPS and EVs to meet energy
Analysis of Supercooled Liquid Water Measurements Using Microwave Radiometer and Vibrating Wire Devices
A review is made of the theoretical basis for using a vibrating wire to measure supercooled liquid water in clouds. The device consists of a vibrating wire and associated electronics added to radiosondes. The sensing wire that collects ...
Geoffrey E. Hill
Soil structure interaction for shrink-swell soils a new design procedure for foundation slabs on shrink-swell soils
Problems associated with shrink-swell soils are well known geotechnical problems that have been studied and researched by many geotechnical researchers for many decades. Potentially shrink-swell soils can be found almost anywhere in the world especially in the semi-arid regions of the tropical and temperate climate. Foundation slabs on grade on shrink-swell soils are one of the most efficient and inexpensive solutions for this kind of problematic soil. It is commonly used in residential foundations or any light weight structure on shrink-swell soils. Many design methods have been established for this specific problem such as Building Research Advisory Board (BRAB), Wire Reinforcement Institute (WRI), Post- Tensioning Institute (PTI), and Australian Standards (AS 2870) design methods. This research investigates most of these methods, and then, proposes a moisture diffusion soil volume change model, a soil-weather interaction model, and a soil-structure interaction model. The proposed moisture diffusion soil volume change model starts with proposing a new laboratory test to determine the coefficient of unsaturated diffusivity for intact soils. Then, it introduces the development of a cracked soil diffusion factor, provides a chart for it, and explains a large scale laboratory test that verifies the proposed moisture diffusion soil volume change model. The proposed soil-weather interaction model uses the FAO 56-PM method to simulate a weightless cover performance for six cities in the US that suffer significantly from shallow foundation problems on shrink-swell soils due to seasonal weather variations. These simulations provide more accurate weather site-specific parameters such as the range of surface suction variations. The proposed weather-site specific parameters will be input parameters to the soil structure models. The proposed soil-structure interaction model uses Mitchell (1979) equations for moisture diffusion under covered soil to develop a new closed form solution for the soil mound shape under the foundation slab. Then, it presents a parametric study by carrying out several 2D finite elements plane strain simulations for plates resting on a semiinfinite elastic continuum and resting on different soil mounds. The parametric study outcomes are then presented in design charts that end with a new design procedure for foundation slabs on shrink-swell soils. Finally, based on the developed weather-soil-structure interaction models, this research details two procedures of a proposed new design method for foundation slabs on grade on shrink-swell soils: a suction based design procedure and a water content based design procedure.
Abdelmalak, Remon Melek
Further Characterization of New NiTi Wire and Rotary Endodontic ...
Presentation Title, Further Characterization of New NiTi Wire and Rotary ... Higher-resolution transmission electron microscopy examination of M-Wire used to�...
Nuclear Maintenance Applications Center: Wire Brush Testing, Procurement, and Usage Guide
Improper design, selection, or use of wire brushes will cause the loss of wire brush filaments and can result in damage to plant equipment and nuclear fuel.
Selection of ENRAF gauge wire material compatible with the Hanford waste tank environment
This document describes the selection of the wire material that will replace the 316 SS wire in the ENRAF level indicators.
Anantatmula, R.P.
Inverted Metamorphic Cell Development: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-05-156
This CRADA targeted technology transfer of the inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) solar cell innovation from NREL to Emcore Photovoltaics. The technology transfer was successfully completed. Additionally, NREL provided materials characterization of solar cell structures produced at Emcore.
Wanlass, M.
MOVPE Growth of High Efficiency Inverted Metamorphic 1.1eV Solar ...
This paper focuses on the 1.1ev Ga0.77In0.23As inverted metamorphic solar cell grown with AlGaInAs quarternary step graded buffer on 6o miscut (001) thin Ge�...
Monitoring Gulf Stream Transport by Radar Altimeter and Inverted Echo Sounders
Profiles of the Gulf Stream sea surface height (SSH) from the Geosat altimeter were compared with thermocline depth measurements from inverted echo sounders (IES) for a period of about 19 months. The correlation between SSH anomalies and ...
Kathryn A. Kelly; D. Randolph Watts
Commercialization of a 2.5kW Utility Interactive Inverter for Distributed Generation
Through this project, Advanced Energy Conversion (AEC) has developed, tested, refined and is preparing to commercialize a 2.5kW utility-interactive inverter system for distributed generation. The inverter technology embodies zero-voltage switching technology that will ultimately yield a system that is smaller, less expensive and more efficient than existing commercial technologies. This program has focused on commercial success through careful synthesis of technology, market-focus and business development. AEC was the primary participant. AEC is utilizing contract manufacturers in the early stages of production, allowing its technical staff to focus on quality control issues and product enhancements. The objective of this project was to bring the AEC inverter technology from its current pre-production state to a commercial product. Federal funds have been used to build and test production-intent inverters, support the implementation of the commercialization plan and bring the product to the point of UL certification.
Torrey, David A.
Observational Analysis of an Upper-Level Inverted Trough during the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment
Upper-level inverted troughs (IVs) associated with midlatitude breaking Rossby waves or tropical upper-troposphere troughs (TUTTs) have been identified as important contributors to the variability of rainfall in the North American monsoon (NAM) ...
Zachary O. Finch; Richard H. Johnson
The Processing and Application of Inverted Echo Sounder Data from Drake Passage
Bottom pressure recorders (BPRs) have been deployed at Drake Passage (DP) to monitor changes in the volume transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) through the passage. The use of inverted echo sounders (IESs) in assisting the ...
Michael P. Meredith; John M. Vassie; Robert Spencer; Karen J. Heywood
High Voltage Thermal Battery Reliability Required to Equal Inverter-Converter Systems
MC-583 and XMC-650 circuits, including associated pulse transformers, are compare with the inverter-converter system typical of present fuses. The required probabilities of thermal battery shorts and opens are determined.
Deadbeat control of a three-phase inverter with an output LC filter
The discrete-time control of a three-phase inverter with an output LC filter is described based on space vectors. The mathematical model of the inverter-filter system is first obtained by using space vectors to represent three-phase quantities. Deadbeat control laws are derived for no-load and resistive-load cases. Then, a deadbeat control law is obtained for the case when the load draws current of any waveshape from the inverter-filter. It is shown that deadbeat control of output voltage can be achieved in two control steps. The manipulated variable, which is the voltage vector demanded from the inverter, is implemented using the space vector modulation technique. Simulation results for various operating conditions are presented.
Kuekrer, O. [Eastern Mediterranean Univ., G. Magosa (Turkey). Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Low-Frequency Sea Level Variability and the Inverted Barometer Effect
For a dynamical interpretation of sea level records, estimates are needed of the isostatic, or so-called inverted barometer, signals (?ib) associated with the ocean response to atmospheric loading. Seasonal and longer-period ?ib signals are ...
Rui M. Ponte
Investigation of Converting an AS-281 to an MC-762 Sealed Inverter
This memorandum is a summary of the techniques, problems, and tests associated with enclosing an SA-381 inverter in a hermetically sealed container for long time storage in any environment without testing.
Roh, V.J.; Lange, D.F.; Schneemann, H.
Capped ED-Mode AlN/GaN Inverters - Programmaster.org
The demonstrated inverter is operating at VDD = 5 V and consists of an enhancement- and depletion-mode HEMT with 1.5 nm thin subcritical AlN�...
Power-installed streetlight foundations lower substation construction costs
The Alabama Power Company's power-installed streetlight foundation (SLF) saves 85% of labor costs and is practical as well as economical. After several foundation designs were tried, the multi-helix proved best for swampy terrain. A test of substation structure support began with soil testing to locate any rock on the site. Standard tubular-steel structures with modified baseplates were used. A truck-mounted derrick proved better for installation than a drill rig. Slight corrosive currents are not expected to cause appreciable deterioration to the foundation. (DCK)
Beason, D.
Engineering Technical Training Modules - Battery Chargers and Inverters (ETTM - BSI) Version 1.0
ETTM Battery Chargers and Inverters is a computer based training module that allows users to access training when desired and review it at their own pace. It provides graphics and limited interactive features to enhance learning. The scope and purpose of this training module is to discuss the principles involved in the operations of battery chargers and inverters, and to consider industry practices used in employing these components in a typical nuclear power plant application. Although the battery is an...
Application Guide for Integration of Grid-Supportive Inverters: Version 1
This application guide provides a reference for the integration of grid-supportive inverters.�The guide is concise to serve as a quick reference, but also comprehensive in addressing the range of topics that utilities should consider when developing an integration strategy.Improvements in photovoltaic technology and renewable energy policies have greatly increased the number of inverter-based systems that are being connected to the grid.�The vast majority of these are ...
Modeling and dynamic performance of a line-commutated photovoltaic inverter system
In this paper, a three-phase line-commutated utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system is described. A simplified computer code of this system is established and presented in block-diagram form. This model is suitable for use in transient stability programs. The accuracy of the simplified model is verified by comparing the response calculated therefrom with that of a highly detailed photovoltaic system model in which the inverter is represented in valve-by-valve detail.
Wasynczuk, O. (Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN (USA). School of Electrical Engineering)
Modeling of nonstationary phenomena in the MHD-channel-inverter-substation system
A method for constructing a mathematical model of nonstationary phenomena in a system consisting of an MHD channel and an inverter substation, operating on a powerful ac grid, is examined. The variants of the realization of the model on a computer are discussed. Results of the solution of model problems with a diagonal MHD channel are presented. It is found that there is a significant coupling between the MHD channel and the inverter substation in transient processes.
Gusev, Y.P.; Zatelepin, V.N.; Kuznetsova, T.N.; Medin, S.A.; Pishchikov, V.I.
Beam Position and Phase Monitor - Wire Mapping System
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) deploys many cylindrical beam position and phase monitors (BPPM) throughout the linac to measure the beam central position, phase and bunched-beam current. Each monitor is calibrated and qualified prior to installation to insure it meets LANSCE requirements. The BPPM wire mapping system is used to map the BPPM electrode offset, sensitivity and higher order coefficients. This system uses a three-axis motion table to position the wire antenna structure within the cavity, simulating the beam excitation of a BPPM at a fundamental frequency of 201.25 MHz. RF signal strength is measured and recorded for the four electrodes as the antenna position is updated. An effort is underway to extend the systems service to the LANSCE facility by replacing obsolete electronic hardware and taking advantage of software enhancements. This paper describes the upgraded wire positioning system's new hardware and software capabilities including its revised antenna structure, motion control interface, RF measurement equipment and Labview software upgrades. The main purpose of the wire mapping system at LANSCE is to characterize the amplitude response versus beam central position of BPPMs before they are installed in the beam line. The wire mapping system is able to simulate a beam using a thin wire and measure the signal response as the wire position is varied within the BPPM aperture.
Watkins, Heath A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Shurter, Robert B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gilpatrick, John D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kutac, Vincent G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martinez, Derwin [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Resonant snubber based soft-switching inverters for electric propulsion drives
This paper summarizes recently developed soft-switching inverters and proposes two alternative options for electric propulsion drives. The newly developed soft-switching inverter employs an auxiliary switch and a resonant inductor per phase to produce a zero voltage across the main switch so that the main switch can turn on at the zero-voltage condition. Both the auxiliary switch and the resonant inductor are operating at a fractional duty, and thus are small in size as compared to the main inverter circuit components. Operation modes in a complete zero-voltage switching cycle for the single-phase soft-switching inverter are described in detail with graphical explanations. The circuit operation was first verified by a computer simulation and then tested with an 1-kW single-phase and an 100-kW three-phase inverters. Experimental results are presented to show the superior performance in efficiency improvement, EMI reduction, and dv/dt reduction of the proposed soft-switching inverters.
Lai, J.S.
Evaluation of Islanding Detection Methods for Utility-Interactive Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems
This report describes the various methods and circuits that have been developed to detect an islanding condition for photovoltaic applications and presents three methods that have been developed to test those methods and circuits. Passive methods for detecting an islanding condition basically monitor parameters such as voltage and frequency and/or their characteristics and cause the inverter to cease converting power when there is sufficient transition from normal specified conditions. Active methods for detecting the island introduce deliberate changes or disturbances to the connected circuit and then monitor the response to determine if the utility grid with its stable frequency, voltage and impedance is still connected. If the small perturbation is able to affect the parameters of the load connection within prescribed requirements, the active circuit causes the inverter to cease power conversion and delivery of power to the loads. The methods not resident in the inverter are generally controlled by the utility or have communications between the inverter and the utility to affect an inverter shut down when necessary. This report also describes several test methods that may be used for determining whether the anti-islanding method is effective. The test circuits and methodologies used in the U.S. have been chosen to limit the number of tests by measuring the reaction of a single or small number of inverters under a set of consensus-based worst-case conditions.
Analysis of inverter models and harmonic propagation. Part II. Harmonic propagation
Part II of a three part study describes the harmonic propagation in the photovoltaic power system consisting of the solar cell array, the inverter, and the ac side of the inverter up to the infinite bus of the utility. Propagation of the harmonics in the utility system are not addressed. Two main problems are analyzed: power in the converter system and harmonics of the current and voltage waveforms of the single-phase, dependent inverter. Relationships between the different components of the converter power - active, reactive and disturbance - are discussed. All formulas necessary for calculating the power components are given, assuming the harmonics of the current and voltage waveforms are known. The theoretical and experimental investigation of the single-phase, dependent inverter is described. The ac and dc terminal voltage of the inverter are analyzed and their harmonics are obtained. These data determine the harmonic propagation on both the dc and ac sides and may be useful for equipment design. Part I of the study (SAND 7040/1) contains a detailed description of the microcomputer based simulator that represents the output characteristics of the five commercially available types of solar cell arrays under different environmental conditions, and Part III (SAND 7040/3) presents an analysis of the transient and steady-state processes of inverter modules.
The Modeling of Vibration Damping in SMA Wires
Through a mathematical and computational model of the physical behavior of shape memory alloy wires, this study shows that localized heating and cooling of such materials provides an effective means of damping vibrational energy. The thermally induced pseudo-elastic behavior of a shape memory wire is modeled using a continuum thermodynamic model and solved computationally as described by the authors in [23]. Computational experiments confirm that up to 80% of an initial shock of vibrational energy can be eliminated at the onset of a thermally-induced phase transformation through the use of spatially-distributed transformation regions along the length of a shape memory alloy wire.
Reynolds, D R; Kloucek, P; Seidman, T I
Wire bond vibration of forward pixel tracking detector of CMS
Wire bonds of the Forward Pixel (FPix) tracking detectors are oriented in the direction that maximizes Lorentz Forces relative to the 4 Tesla field of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Detector's magnet. The CMS Experiment is under construction at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. We were concerned about Lorentz Force oscillating the wires at their fundamental frequencies and possibly fracturing or breaking them at their heels, as happened with the CDF wire bonds. This paper reports a study to understand what conditions break such bonds.
Atac, M.; /Fermilab; Gobbi, B.; /Northwestern U.; Kwan, S.; Pischalnikov, Y.; /Fermilab; Spencer, E.; /Northwestern U.; Sellberg, G.; Pavlicek, V.; /Fermilab
Plasmon hybridization in parallel nano-wire systems
We apply the plasmon hybridization method to a double-nano-wire system, providing a simple and intuitive description of the plasmon excitations in the system. We apply the two-center cylindrical coordinate system for mathematical convenience and find an explicit form of the surface plasmon oscillations, in terms of the interaction between the bare plasmon modes of the individual surfaces of the nano-wires. We present numerical results to display how the plasmon excitations of the system depend on nano-wire separation when there is no angular momentum transfer, i.e., when m = 0.
Moradi, Afshin [Department of Nano Science, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah 67178-63766 (Iran, Islamic Republic of) and Department of Nano Science, Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Addressing water vaporization in the vicinity of an exploding wire
The phase state of thin ({approx}1 {mu}m) layer of water adjacent to the surface of rapidly heated thin wire 100{+-}50 {mu}m in radius is analyzed by computer hydrodynamic calculation. It is shown that when heating of a wire to a temperature of 420 deg. C is achieved in less than {approx}500 ns, the trajectory of the phase state is contained in the liquid part of the phase diagram. This suggests additional proof of and an explanation for the absence of shunting plasma discharge in fast underwater electrical wire explosions.
Grinenko, A.; Gurovich, V. Tz.; Krasik, Ya. E.; Dolinsky, Yu. [Physics Department, Technion, 32000 Haifa (Israel); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben Gurion University, 84105 Beer-Sheva (Israel)
The Effects of a Hydrogen Environment on the Lifetime of Small-Diameter Drift Chamber Anode Wires
Possible deterioration of anode sense wires used in a hydrogen-filled neutron detector is investigated. Wires were loaded with free weights and put into a wire detector environment. Stainless Steel, Tungsten, and Platinum wires did not break after exposure to charge equivalent to many wire lifetimes. Furthermore, exposure to hydrogen gas caused no noticeable surface degradation or change in wire yield strength.
King, J; Smith, T; Kunkle, J; Castelaz, J; Thomson, S; Burstein, Z; Bernstein, A; Rosenberg, L; Hefner, M
The Children's Investment Fund Foundation Feed | Open Energy Information
The Children's Investment Fund Foundation Feed The Children's Investment Fund Foundation Feed Jump to: navigation, search Home | About | Inventory | Partnerships | Capacity Building | Webinars | Reports | Events | News | List Serve CLEAN Member Feeds Center for Environment and National Security at Scripps Centro de Energías Renovables (CER) The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) ClimateWorks Foundation Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) Ecofys Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) Energy Sector Management Assistance Program of the World Bank (ESMAP) Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA-TM) German Aerospace Center (DLR) German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP)
American Clean Skies Foundation | OpenEI Community
American Clean Skies Foundation Home Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 2 October, 2012 - 14:01 Nominations open for 250,000 Multimedia Clean...
Research: US National Science Foundation: $19m security research programme
The US National Science Foundation (NSF) plans to set up a research programme for long-term solutions to computer security problems. The NSF - an independent federal agency that supports research and education in science and engineering - expects to ...
Terry Ernest-Jones
The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | Open Energy Information
Place San Francisco, California Zip 94129-0910 Product Aims to improve the quality of life for future generations. References The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation1 LinkedIn...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Electricity Grid Basics
Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on electricity grid basics by clicking on the .swf link below. You can also download the PowerPoint slides...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Assessing Energy Needs and Resources
Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on Assessing Energy Needs and Resources by clicking on the .swf link below. You can also download the...
Tribal Renewable Energy Foundational Course: Strategic Energy Planning
Watch the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy foundational course webinar on Strategic Energy Planning by clicking on the .swf link below. You can also download the PowerPoint slides...
Experimental determination of foundation properties without shaker tests
The foundation of a rotating machine can contribute to the dynamics of the system, and therefore it becomes essential to include the foundation in the model to predict the correct response of the system. The primary objective of this research is to develop and implement a method to extract foundation properties without resorting to shaker or impedance hammer testing. The method developed in this research uses the rotor vibration data and requires knowledge of bearing coefficients. The results for the foundation stiffness, damping and mass are much higher than the values extracted from impedance hammer tests at the bearing interface. Sources of errors include application of the excitation forces, measurement errors, accuracy of bearing coefficients and modal interaction between the pedestals. The concept of using fiber optic sensors to measure bearing forces is studied. Calibration and dynamic testing of the FFPI sensors is conducted. Results from this testing are encouraging and are in acceptable range of predicted values.
Sampathkumar, Varadharajan
14.74 Foundations of Development Policy, Spring 2004
Explores the foundations of policy making in developing countries. Goal is to spell out various policy options and to quantify the trade-offs between them. Special emphasis on education, health, gender, fertility, adoption ...
Duflo, Esther, 1972-
THE FOUNDATION, INC. THE ALLEN SHACKELFORD AIFD MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIP FUND THE EULALAH OVERMEYER of an application for scholarship under The Allen Shackelford AIFD Memorial Scholarship Fund, The Eulalah Overmeyer
Schweik, Charles M.
Georgia Cities Foundation - Green Communities Revolving Loan Fund (Georgia)
Georgia Cities Foundation - Green Communities Revolving Loan Fund Georgia Cities Foundation - Green Communities Revolving Loan Fund (Georgia) Georgia Cities Foundation - Green Communities Revolving Loan Fund (Georgia) < Back Eligibility Commercial Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Heating Home Weatherization Commercial Weatherization Sealing Your Home Cooling Appliances & Electronics Construction Design & Remodeling Other Ventilation Heat Pumps Commercial Lighting Lighting Insulation Water Heating Solar Maximum Rebate $250,000 Program Info Funding Source Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority State Georgia Program Type State Loan Program Rebate Amount $10,000-$250,000 Provider Georgia Cities Foundation The Green Communities Fund is a revolving loan fund providing low-interest loans to businesses located within the city limits of any city in Georgia.
Coupled Site Characterization and Foundation Analysis Research Project
Analysis Research Project: Rational Selection of for Drained-Strength Bearing Capacity Analysis Manhattan Research Project: Rational Selection of for Drained-Strength Bearing Capacity Analysis Manhattan CollegeCoupled Site Characterization and Foundation Analysis Research Project: Rational Selection
Horvath, John S.
Two DC high volt�age GaAs pho�to�guns have been built at Jef�fer�son Lab based on a com�pact in�vert�ed in�su�la�tor de�sign. One pho�to�gun pro�vides the po�lar�ized elec�tron beam at CEBAF and op�er�ates at 130 kV bias volt�age. The other gun is used for high av�er�age cur�rent life�time stud�ies at a ded�i�cat�ed test fa�cil�i�ty and has been op�er�at�ed at bias volt�age up to 225 kV. The ad�van�tages of high�er DC volt�age for CEBAF in�clude re�duced space-charge emit�tance growth and the po�ten�tial for pro�longed pho�to�cath�ode life�time. How�ev�er, a con�se�quence of op�er�at�ing at high�er volt�ages is the in�creased like�li�hood of field emis�sion or break�down, both of which are un�ac�cept�able. High�lights of the R&D stud�ies lead�ing to�ward a pro�duc�tion 200keV GaAs pho�to�gun for CEBAF will be pre�sent�ed.
Grames, J M; Clark, J; Hansknecht, J; Poelker, M; Stutzman, M L; Suleiman, R; Surles-Law, K.E.L.; BastaniNejad, M
Electrical Resistivity Imaging for Unknown Bridge Foundation Depth Determination
Unknown bridge foundations pose a significant safety risk due to stream scour and erosion. Records from older structures may be non-existent, incomplete, or incorrect. Nondestructive and inexpensive geophysical methods have been identified as suitable to investigate unknown bridge foundations. The objective of the present study is to apply advanced 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) in order to identify depth of unknown bridge foundations. A survey procedure is carried out in mixed terrain water and land environments with rough topography. A conventional resistivity survey procedure is used with the electrodes installed on the stream banks. However, some electrodes must be adapted for underwater use. Tests were conducted in one laboratory experimentation and at five field experimentations located at three roadway bridges, a geotechnical test site, and a railway bridge. The first experimentation was at the bridges with the smallest foundations, later working up in size to larger drilled shafts and spread footings. Both known to unknown foundations were investigated. The geotechnical test site is used as an experimental site for 2D and 3D ERI. The data acquisition is carried out along 2D profile with a linear array in the dipole-dipole configuration. The data collections have been carried out using electrodes deployed directly across smaller foundations. Electrodes are deployed in proximity to larger foundations to image them from the side. The 2D ERI can detect the presence of a bridge foundation but is unable to resolve its precise shape and depth. Increasing the spatial extent of the foundation permits better image of its shape and depth. Using electrode < 1 m to detect a slender foundation < 1 m in diameter is not feasible. The 2D ERI method that has been widely used for land surface surveys presently can be adapted effectively in water-covered environments. The method is the most appropriate geophysical method for determination of unknown bridge foundations. Fully 3D ERI method at bridge sites is labor intensive, time consuming, and does not add enough value over 2D ERI to make it worthwhile.
Arjwech, Rungroj
Low-cost light-weight efficient 1. 5 kW inverters with and without output transformers. Final report, January 1976--June 1977
Optimization efforts were completed on the 1.5 kW inverter described in report DECC-61098-003 (September 1975). A second inverter design was developed; in the second design the output transformer was eliminated. Tests were performed on both the optimized transformer-output inverter and the transformerless-output inverter. Tests included environmental tests on the transformer-output inverter. (Author)
Suelzle, L.R.; Suelzle, J.S.
Exploiting level sensitive latches in wire pipelining
The present research presents procedures for exploitation of level sensitive latches in wire pipelining. The user gives a Steiner tree, having a signal source and set of destination or sinks, and the location in rectangular plane, capacitive load and required arrival time at each of the destinations. The user also defines a library of non-clocked (buffer) elements and clocked elements (flip-flop and latch), also known as synchronous elements. The first procedure performs concurrent repeater and synchronous element insertion in a bottom-up manner to find the minimum latency that may be achieved between the source and the destinations. The second procedure takes additional input (required latency) for each destination, derived from previous procedure, and finds the repeater and synchronous element assignments for all internal nodes of the Steiner tree, which minimize overall area used. These procedures utilize the latency and area advantages of latch based pipelining over flip-flop based pipelining. The second procedure suggests two methods to tackle the challenges that exist in a latch based design. The deferred delay padding technique is introduced, which removes the short path violations for latches with minimal extra cost.
Seth, Vikram
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) - Farm Wiring Financing Program
Financing Financing Program Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) - Farm Wiring Financing Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Savings Category Other Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Maximum Rebate $20,000 Program Info State Wisconsin Program Type Utility Loan Program Rebate Amount Varies Provider Alliant Energy Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) offers a farm wiring financing program to increase farm safety, productivity and efficiency, while decreasing the potential for stray voltage on livestock farms. To start, Alliant Energy will inspect the facility for stray voltage and recommend improvements. Loans of up to $20,000 at 3% are available for wiring or efficiency equipment as part of this program. In addition to this program, Alliant-WP&L offers the Farm Wiring Grant
An Updated Assessement of Copper Wire Thefts from Electric Utilities -
An Updated Assessement of Copper Wire Thefts from Electric An Updated Assessement of Copper Wire Thefts from Electric Utilities - October 2010 An Updated Assessement of Copper Wire Thefts from Electric Utilities - October 2010 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability monitors changes, threats, and risks to the energy infrastructure in the United States. This report updates a previously published report on copper wire theft. The combined efforts of electric utilities, lawmakers, scrap metal dealers, and local law enforcement have succeeded in reducing the problem. Updated Assessment-Copper-Final October 2010.pdf More Documents & Publications Investigation Letter Report: I11IG002 Semiannual Report to Congress: for the first half of Fiscal Year (FY) 1998 Energy Infrastructure Events and Expansions Year-in-Review 2010
Building quantum wires: the long and the short of it
As quantum computing moves closer to reality the need for basic architectural studies becomes more pressing. Quantum wires, which transport quantum data, will be a fundamental component in all anticipated silicon quantum architectures. In this paper, ...
Mark Oskin; Frederic T. Chong; Isaac L. Chuang; John Kubiatowicz
Ductile alloy and process for preparing composite superconducting wire
An alloy for the commercial production of ductile superconducting wire is prepared by melting together copper and at least 15 weight percent niobium under non-oxygen-contaminating conditions, and rapidly cooling the melt to form a ductile composite consisting of discrete, randomly distributed and orientated dendritic-shaped particles of niobium in a copper matrix. As the wire is worked, the dendritric particles are realigned parallel to the longitudinal axis and when drawn form a plurality of very fine ductile superconductors in a ductile copper matrix. The drawn wire may be tin coated and wound into magnets or the like before diffusing the tin into the wire to react with the niobium. Impurities such as aluminum or gallium may be added to improve upper critical field characteristics.
Verhoeven, John D. (Ames, IA); Finnemore, Douglas K. (Ames, IA); Gibson, Edwin D. (Ames, IA); Ostenson, Jerome E. (Ames, IA)
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light)- Farm Wiring Grant Program
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power & Light) offers a Farm Wiring Grant program to increase farm safety, productivity and efficiency. The first $1,000 of the cost of the project is covered by a...
Reliability of Wedge Wire Bonds Subjected to Ultrasonic Welding ...
This paper presents the effect of the ultrasonic welding lid attachment process on the reliability and mechanical strength of 1.0 and 1.5 mil gold wedge wire�...
Delivery optimization for a make to order custom wire mill
In the face of growing competition in the Tantalum business, H.C.Starck's management is minimizing the delivery time for custom-made capacitor-grade tantalum wire products. H.C. Starck, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts faces ...
Slivinskiy, Andrey L
Wire rope superconducting cable for diurnal load leveling SMES
The design of a wire rope cable for a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is discussed. The superconducting wires in the rope permit the passage of large currents in the relatively small conductors of the windings and hence cause large electromagnetic forces to act on the rope. The diameter of the rope, from a strength point of view, can be considerably reduced by supporting the rope at various points along its length.
Costello, G.A.
Process for producing fine and ultrafine filament superconductor wire
A process for producing a superconductor wire made up of a large number of round monofilament rods is provided for, comprising assembling a multiplicity of round monofilaments inside each of a multiplicity of thin wall hexagonal tubes and then assembling a number of said thin wall hexagonal tubes within an extrusion can and subsequently consolidating, extruding and drawing the entire assembly down to the desired wire size.
Kanithi, Hem C. (15 Briar Ct., Chesire, CT 06410)
Repeatability of measurements of residential magnetic fields and wire codes
Several epidemiological studies have been based on wire codes (i.e., categories of electrical wiring configurations near residences) or on in-home spot measurements of magnetic flux density (MFD) as surrogates for short- and long-term exposure of children and adults to residential magnetic fields. We used wire code and MFD measurements that were made in 81 Colorado homes in 1985 and again in 1990 to assess their repeatability over periods of 0-24 h and 5 years. These homes, a subset of those lived in by subjects from the case-control study of Savitz et al. [Am J Epidemiol 128:21-38, 1988], were divided into four approximately equally sized groups that were differentiated by wire code and by case-control status. Eight homes were assigned wire codes in 1990 that differed from the 1985 coding of Savitz and colleagues [1988]; of these, seven were coded as high-current configuration (HCC) and one as low-current configuration (LCC) in 1985. Overall, 37 homes were coded as HCC in 1990 compared with 38 homes in 1985. Coding differences were due to differing distance measurements (four homes), differing thick vs. thin categorization of primary-distribution line-conductor sizes (two homes), differing first-span vs. second-span categorization of secondary wires (one home), and physical changes in proximate electrical wiring (one home). Coefficients of correlation between MFD spot measurements that were separated in time by 0-24 h range between 0.70 and 0.90. The coefficient between spot measurements made in 1985 and then again in 1990 is 0.70. These coefficients are similar for HCC and LCC homes and do not depend on whether residential appliances were turned on or off. The data show (at least for the portion of Colorado studied) that residential wire code and, more surprisingly, spot MFD measurements, are fairly reliable over 0-24-h and 5-year periods.
Dovan, T.; Kaune, W.T.; Savitz, D.A. (ENERTECH Consultants, Campbell, CA (United States))
A process for producing a superconductor wire made up of a large number of round monofilament rods is provided for, comprising assembling a multiplicity of round monofilaments inside each of a multiplicity of thin wall hexagonal tubes and then assembling a number of said thin wall hexagonal tubes within an extrusion can and subsequently consolidating, extruding and drawing the entire assembly down to the desired wire size. 8 figs.
Kanithi, H.C.
Closed form solutions to simultaneous buffer insertion/sizing and wire sizing
In this paper, we consider the delay minimization problem of an interconnect wire by simultaneously considering buffer insertion, buffer sizing and wire sizing. We consider three cases, namely using no buffer (i.e., wire sizing alone), using a given ... Keywords: buffer insertion, buffer sizing, closed form solution, interconnect optimization, wire sizing
Chris Chu; D. F. Wong
Correlation of the electrical and space-time characteristics during electrical explosion of wires
The electrical and space-time characteristics during electrical explosion of wires is studied. (AIP)
Litvinenko, V.P.; Koval' , S.V.
Processing and mechanical behavior of hypereutectoid steel wires
Hypereutectoid steels have the potential for dramatically increasing the strength of wire used in tire cord and in other high strength wire applications. The basis for this possible breakthrough is the elimination of a brittle proeutectoid network that can form along grain boundaries if appropriate processing procedures and alloy additions are used. A review is made of work done by Japanese and other researchers on eutectoid and mildly hypereutectoid wires. A linear extrapolation of the tensile strength of fine wires predicts higher strengths at higher carbon contents. The influence of processing, alloy additions and carbon content in optimizing the strength, ductility and fracture behavior of hypereutectoid steels is presented. It is proposed that the tensile strength of pearlitic wires is dictated by the fracture strength of the carbide lamella at grain boundary locations in the carbide. Methods to improve the strength of carbide grain boundaries and to decrease the carbide plate thickness will contribute to enhancing the ultrahigh strength obtainable in hypereutectoid steel wires. 23 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.
Lesuer, D.R.; Syn, C.K.; Sherby, O.D.; Kim, D.K.
Method of fabricating a homogeneous wire of inter-metallic alloy
A method for fabricating a homogeneous wire of inter-metallic alloy comprising the steps of providing a base-metal wire bundle comprising a metal, an alloy or a combination thereof; working the wire bundle through at least one die to obtain a desired dimension and to form a precursor wire; and, controllably heating the precursor wire such that a portion of the wire will become liquid while simultaneously maintaining its desired shape, whereby substantial homogenization of the wire occurs in the liquid state and additional homogenization occurs in the solid state resulting in a homogenous alloy product.
Ohriner, Evan Keith (Knoxville, TN); Blue, Craig Alan (Knoxville, TN)
Development of a dc-to-ac inverter based on waveshaping
A new topology for utility-interactive, dc-ac inverters is explored. The approach is presently limited by available devices to the single-phase, 2 to 10 kW power levels typical of residential photovoltaic applications. The approach combines two of the three basic inverter operations - waveshaping and regulation - in a single dc-dc converter stage. The output of this stage is a full-wave rectified (unipolar) sine wave. An inversion stage follows, performing the third basic inverter operation. The output is a current sine wave. This approach features unity power factor and less than 2% total current harmonic distortion. A 1-kW prototype was constructed, using a buck (down) converter for the dc-dc stage switching at approximately 20 kHz. Efficiency was generally above 90% with a peak efficiency of 94%. A cost breakdown of the prototype indicated the inverter could be built to meet the DOE cost goals for this class of inverter.
Cox, C.H. III; Landsman, E.E.; Rasmussen, N.E.
Proof of feasibility of a novel inverter for photovoltaic power conditioning
The Dickerson inverter concept obtains a sinewave current from an array that is segmented into a number of subarrays. These subarrays are switched among the ac phases so that the current from a given subarray is continuous and each phase is connected at all times to one or more subarrays. The control scheme assures a unity power factor currrent with real-time adjustment to power-system disturbances. A proof-of-concept inverter has been operated into a three-phase power system, with the dc supplied from a motor-generator set plus regulators that closely simulated the current-voltage characteristics of a photovoltaic array. The performance for the inverter has been projected for a 480V, three-phase system at the 50 kVA level. Computer simulations showed 98% utilization of array power was possible with efficiency better than 98% and harmonic content of 18% without filtering. An analysis of filtering costs indicates that reduction to 5% can be achieved at under $0.003 per watt for typical central-station applications. A more complex configuration was also analyzed with results of 99% utilization, 8% harmonic content, and the same efficiency. The intended power range for these inverters is 50 to 250 kVA per unit. The cost to produce the inverter at the 50 kVA level in quantities of 1000 units is estimated to be $0.05 per watt.
Dickerson, A.
A Soft-Switching Inverter for High-Temperature Advanced Hybrid Electric Vehicle Traction Motor Drives
The state-of-the-art hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) require the inverter cooling system to have a separate loop to avoid power semiconductor junction over temperatures because the engine coolant temperature of 105?C does not allow for much temperature rise in silicon devices. The proposed work is to develop an advanced soft-switching inverter that will eliminate the device switching loss and cut down the power loss so that the inverter can operate at high-temperature conditions while operating at high switching frequencies with small current ripple in low inductance based permanent magnet motors. The proposed tasks also include high-temperature packaging and thermal modeling and simulation to ensure the packaged module can operate at the desired temperature. The developed module will be integrated with the motor and vehicle controller for dynamometer and in-vehicle testing to prove its superiority. This report will describe the detailed technical design of the soft-switching inverters and their test results. The experiments were conducted both in module level for the module conduction and switching characteristics and in inverter level for its efficiency under inductive and dynamometer load conditions. The performance will be compared with the DOE original specification.
None, None
Diamond Wire Saw for Precision Machining of Laser Target Components
The fabrication of precision laser targets requires a wide variety of specialized mesoscale manufacturing techniques. The diamond wire saw developed in this study provides the capability to precisely section meso-scale workpieces mounted on the assembly stations used by the Target Fabrication Group. This new capability greatly simplifies the fabrication of many types of targets and reduces the time and cost required to build the targets. A variety of materials are used to fabricate targets, including metals, plastics with custom designed chemical formulas, and aerogels of various densities. The materials are usually provided in the form of small pieces or cast rods that must be machined to the required shape. Many of these materials, such as metals and some plastics, can be trimmed using a parting tool on a diamond turning machine. However, other materials, such as aerogels and brittle materials, cannot be adequately cut with a parting tool. In addition, the geometry of the parts often requires that the workpieces be held in a special assembly station, which excludes the use of a parting tool. In the past, these materials were sectioned using a small, handheld coping saw that used a diamond-impregnated wire as a blade. This miniature coping saw was effective, but it required several hours to cut through certain materials. Furthermore, the saw was guided by hand and often caused significant damage to fragile aerogels. To solve these problems, the diamond wire saw shown in Figure 1 was developed. The diamond wire saw is designed to machine through materials that are mounted in the Target Fabrication Group's benchtop assembly stations. These assembly stations are the primary means of aligning and assembling target components, and there is often a need to machine materials while they are mounted in the assembly stations. Unfortunately, commercially available saws are designed for very different applications and are far too large to be used with the assembly stations. Therefore, a custom diamond wire saw was designed and constructed. The diamond wire saw cuts through workpieces using a continuous loop of diamond-impregnated wire of length 840 mm. The wire loop runs around several idler pulleys and is driven by a simple geared DC motor that rotates at 17 rpm. The linear speed of the wire is 107 inches/minute. The saw is oriented at an angle of 20{sup o} from horizontal, so the operator can view the wire through the cutout at the front end of the saw. When looking through a microscope or camera with a horizontal line of sight, the operator can clearly see the wire as it cuts through the workpiece, as shown in the right side of Figure 1. The saw is mounted on a two-axis stage that allows the operator to align the wire with the workpiece. To cut through the workpiece, the operator drives the wire through the workpiece by turning the feed micrometer. An image of the interior of the diamond wire saw appears in Figure 2. This picture was taken after removing the protective cover plate from the saw.
Bono, M J; Bennett, D W
A progress report on philanthropy of the UC Santa Cruz Foundation, 200708
ExxonMobil Foundation Norval and Mary Fairman Federal Republic of Germany Kenneth and Moira Feingold
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Highlighting High Performance: The Philip Merrill Environmental Center; Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Annapolis, Maryland
Case study on high performance building features of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation's Philip Merrill Environmental Center.
Not Available
2012 SG Peer Review - Smart Inverter Controls and Microgrid Interoperation at DECC - Tom Rizy, ORNL
g g Peer Review Meeting Smart Inverter Controls & Microgrid Interoperation at the Distributed Energy Communications & Controls (DECC) Lab ( ) D. Tom Rizy Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) June 7 th 2012 June 7 th , 2012 Smart Inverter (SI) Controls and Microgrid (MG) Interoperation Microgrid (MG) Interoperation Objectives * D l d SI l f l i l DECC Microgrid * Develop and test SI controls for multiple renewable/nonrenewable DER. * Develop MG controls and communication requirements for high penetration DER. * I l t MG t DECC L b Technical Scope * Implement MG at DECC Lab. * Transfer technology to industry. Life-cycle Funding Summary ($K) Prior to FY12 FY13 Out- Technical Scope * Develop advanced smart inverter control consisting of local droop (P-f, Q-V) control integrated with secondary closed
Japanese power electronics inverter technology and its impact on the American air conditioning industry
Since 1983, technological advances and market growth of inverter- driven variable-speed heat pumps in Japan have been dramatic. The high level of market penetration was promoted by a combination of political, economic, and trade policies in Japan. A unique environment was created in which the leading domestic industries-- microprocessor manufacturing, compressors for air conditioning and refrigerators, and power electronic devices--were able to direct the development and market success of inverter-driven heat pumps. As a result, leading US variable-speed heat pump manufacturers should expect a challenge from the Japanese producers of power devices and microprocessors. Because of the vertically-integrated production structure in Japan, in contrast to the out-sourcing culture of the United States, price competition at the component level (such as inverters, sensors, and controls) may impact the structure of the industry more severely than final product sales. 54 refs., 47 figs., 1 tab.
Ushimaru, Kenji.
Photovoltaic power system tests on an 8-kilowatt single-phase line-commutated inverter
A commercially available single-phase line-commutated inverter has been tested in a photovoltaic power system. Efficiency and power factor were measured as functions of solar array voltage and current. Also, the effects of input shunt capacitance and series inductance were determined. Tests were conducted from 15 to 75 percent of the 8 kW rated inverter input power. Measured efficiencies ranged from 76 percent (at 160 V and 8.0 A) to 88 percent (at 200 V and 18.7 A) at about 50 percent of rated inverter input power. Power factor ranged from 36 percent (at 160 V and 8.0 A) to 72 percent (at 200 V and 28.6 A).
Stover, J.B.
Optimum system design of a three-phase rectifier-inverter type of frequency changer
Steadily decreasing prices and improved performance of semiconductor devices have raised expectations towards the development and large-scale application of motor-mounted static converters. In view of this, the design of a rectifier-inverter type of frequency changer which requires very small reactive components is considered. Accordingly, rectifier and inverter PWM schemes which generate the minimum possible harmonic distortion are first discussed. By using a suitable analysis method, ''optimum'' design data are obtained for every major system component. Resulting reactive component values are shown to be considerably smaller than the ones required by typical rectifier-inverter structures. Predicted key results are verified by computer simulation.
Ziogas, P.D.; Kang, Y-G.; Stefanovic, V.R.
Multilevel DC Link Inverter for Brushless Permanent Magnet Motors with Very Low Inductance
Due to their long effective air gaps, permanent magnet motors tend to have low inductance. The use of ironless stator structure in present high power PM motors (several tens of kWs) reduces the inductance even further (< 100 {micro}H). This low inductance imposes stringent current regulation demands for the inverter to obtain acceptable current ripple. An analysis of the current ripple for these low inductance brushless PM motors shows that a standard inverter with the most commonly used IGBT switching devices cannot meet the current regulation demands and will produce unacceptable current ripples due to the IGBT's limited switching frequency. This paper introduces a new multilevel dc link inverter, which can dramatically reduce the current ripple for brushless PM motor drives. The operating principle and design guidelines are included.
Su, G.J.
Seasonal efficiencies of residential heat pump air conditioners with inverter-driven compressors
This paper describes a study to experimentally determine the steady-state characteristics, cyclic effect, and frosting/defrosting effect of a inverter heat pump currently available on the Japanese market and compute its seasonal efficiency based on the local outdoor air temperature data. It has been found that the APF of this heat pump is higher by 15% than that of the conventional fixed-speed heat pump. If cyclic and frosting/defrosting losses are eliminated, the APF of the inverter heat pump will be further improved by 2% to 6%. For the evaluation of an inverter heat pump, APF alone is not sufficient, and an additional parameter such as an annual comfort factor (ACF) is needed.
Hori, M.; Akamine, I.; Sakai, T.
National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica | Department of Energy
National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica National Science Foundation - Lake Hoare, Antarctica October 7, 2013 - 9:57am Addthis Photo of a Photovoltaic System Located at Lake Hoare, Antarctica Lake Hoare is a scientific research site located in Antarctica. Research at this large field site is conducted all summer and requires an energy source that does not cause pollution or engine noise. The photovoltaic system (PV) that was installed at this site is 1.2 kW PV and was one of 10 PV systems purchased for use in Antarctica. Each system has eight 55 W panels that use a manual tracking system to optimize performance and provide power to the site. The system includes 1,000 amp-hours of deep-cycled gel batteries. The site operates all summer using only PV energy except for a three-day cloudy period when scientists
Extrusion of metal oxide superconducting wire, tube or ribbon
A process for extruding a superconducting metal oxide composition YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x provides a wire (tube or ribbon) having a cohesive mass and a degree of flexibility together with enhanced electrical properties. Wire diameters in the range of 6-85 mils have been produced with smaller wires on the order of 10 mils in diameter exhibiting enhanced flexibility for forming braided, or multistrand, configurations for greater current carrying capacity. The composition for extrusion contains a polymeric binder to provide a cohesive mass to bind the particles together during the extrusion process with the binder subsequently removed at lower temperatures during sintering. The composition for extrusion further includes a deflocculent, an organic plasticizer and a solvent which also are subsequently removed during sintering. Electrically conductive tubing with an inner diameter of 52 mil and an outer diameter of 87-355 mil has also been produced. Flat ribbons have been produced in the range of 10-125 mil thick by 100-500 mil wide. The superconducting wire, tube or ribbon may include an outer ceramic insulating sheath co-extruded with the wire, tubing or ribbon.
Dusek, Joseph T. (Lombard, IL)
A process and apparatus for extruding a superconducting metal oxide composition YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} provides a wire (tube or ribbon) having a cohesive mass and a degree of flexibility together with enhanced electrical properties. Wire diameters in the range of 6--85 mils have been produced with smaller wires on the order of 10 mils in diameter exhibiting enhanced flexibility for forming braided, or multistrand, configurations for greater current carrying capacity. The composition for extrusion contains a polymeric binder to provide a cohesive mass to bind the particles together during the extrusion process with the binder subsequently removed at lower temperatures during sintering. The composition for extrusion further includes a deflocculent, an organic plasticizer and a solvent which also are subsequently removed during sintering. Electrically conductive tubing with an inner diameter of 52 mil and an outer diameter of 87--335 mil has also been produced. Flat ribbons have been produced in the range of 10--125 mil thick by 100--500 mil wide. The superconducting wire, tube or ribbon may include an outer ceramic insulating sheath co-extruded with the wire, tubing or ribbon.
Dusek, J.T.
First Measurements and Results With a Stretched Wire Test Setup
The LINAC Coherent Light Source [LCLS] is a free electron laser, designed to produce high brilliant X-ray beams using Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission [SASE]. Due to the physics of SASE, the electron beam has to be held very precisely on the same trajectory as the X-ray light beam generated by the undulator magnets. To optimize the SASE output, trajectory deviations between both beams have to be minimized to a few micrometers along the entire undulator section and held stable over the time period between beam-based-alignment processes. Consequently, extremely high position stability of all magnets in the undulator section is required to operate the LCLS successfully. The knowledge of any magnet movement exceeding few micrometers during periods of several weeks is essential for efficient X-ray generation. A well known principle of monitoring transverse component positions along beam lines is the application of stretched wires, associated with suitable wire position sensors and electronics. The particular challenge at LCLS is the required wire system performance in conjunction with the length of the undulator section and the large number of monitors. Verification of system stability and resolution under real conditions is the primary goal of this test setup. A stretched wire test setup has been implemented to gain experience for the final design of a wire system, which will meet the position monitoring requirements in the LCLS undulator section. The report briefly introduces the system's architecture and describes first measurements and results.
Peters, Franz
Agelidis, �Inverter for Single-Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems � An Overview,� Power Electron
Abstract- An overview on recent developments and a summary of the state-of-the-art of inverter technology in Europe for single-phase grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems for power levels up to 5 kW is provided in this paper. The information includes details not only on the topologies commercially available but also on the switching devices employed and the associated switching frequencies, efficiency, price trends and market share. Finally, the paper outlines issues associated with the development of relevant international industry standards affecting PV inverter technology. I.
Martina Calais; Johanna Myrzik; Ted Spoone; Vassilios G. Agelidis
Next-generation three-phase inverters. Phase one annual report, 1996
The PV-MaT 4A subcontract addresses the cost effective manufacture of PV related end-products. Advanced Energy Systems Inc. (AES Inc.) has undertaken NREL contract No. ZAF-4-14271-10, {open_quotes}Next Generation Three Phase Inverter{close_quotes}, to combine leading industry skill with state-of-the-art technologies to realize cutting-edge PV inverter related products. To this end, in phase one of the PV-MaT contract, AES Inc. has made significant inroads toward establishing low cost manufacture of an intelligent controller PV-hybrid product.
Wesley, A.; Wills, R. [Advanced Energy Systems Inc., Wilton, NH (United States)
Testing and Development of a 30-kVA Hybrid Inverter: Lessons Learned and Reliability Implications
A 30-kVA Trace Technologies hybrid power processor was specified and tested at the Sandia inverter test facility. Trace Technologies involving the control system, in response to suggestions made modifications, primarily by Sandia and Arizona Public Service (APS) personnel. The modifications should make the inverter more universally applicable and less site-specific so that it can be applied in various sites with minimal field interaction required from the design engineer. The project emphasized the importance of battery management, generator selection, and site load management to the performance and reliability of hybrid power systems.
Ginn, J.W.
A PWM method for reduction of switching loss in a full-bridge inverter
This paper presents the ``hybrid pulsewidth modulation`` (HPWM) method which requires only two of the four switches in a full-bridge inverter to be pulsewidth-modulated at high frequency, thus significantly reducing the switching losses in the other two switches. For triangular carriers, HPWM has the same frequency spectrum and switching losses as the conventional unipolar PM (UPWM). A low-frequency model for a fast-switching HPWM full-bridge inverter with high-quality output is described, and is substantiated by experimental data.
Lai, R.S.; Ngo, K.D.T. [Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Annual Coded Wire Program Missing Production Groups, 1996 Annual Report.
In 1989 the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) began funding the evaluation of production groups of juvenile anadromous fish not being coded-wire tagged for other programs. These groups were the ``Missing Production Groups``. Production fish released by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) without representative coded-wire tags during the 1980`s are indicated as blank spaces on the survival graphs in this report. The objectives of the ``Missing Production Groups`` program are: to estimate the total survival of each production group, to estimate the contribution of each production group to various fisheries, and to prepare an annual report for all USFWS hatcheries in the Columbia River basin. Coded-wire tag recovery information will be used to evaluate the relative success of individual brood stocks. This information can also be used by salmon harvest managers to develop plans to allow the harvest of excess hatchery fish while protecting threatened, endangered, or other stocks of concern.
Pastor, S.M. [Fish and Wildlife Service, Vancouver, WA (United States). Columbia River Fisheries Program Office
Wired World-Wide Web Interactive Remote Event Display
WIRED (World-Wide Web Interactive Remote Event Display) is a framework, written in the Java{trademark} language, for building High Energy Physics event displays. An event display based on the WIRED framework enables users of a HEP collaboration to visualize and analyze events remotely using ordinary WWW browsers, on any type of machine. In addition, event displays using WIRED may provide the general public with access to the research of high energy physics. The recent introduction of the object-oriented Java{trademark} language enables the transfer of machine independent code across the Internet, to be safely executed by a Java enhanced WWW browser. We have employed this technology to create a remote event display in WWW. The combined Java-WWW technology hence assures a world wide availability of such an event display, an always up-to-date program and a platform independent implementation, which is easy to use and to install.
De Groot, Nicolo
Strongly coupled copper plasma generated by underwater electrical wire explosion
A number of theoretical approaches to the analysis of the parameters of a discharge channel consisting of strongly coupled plasma generated in the process of underwater electrical wire explosion are presented. The analysis is based on experimental results obtained from discharges employing Cu wire. The obtained experimental data included electrical measurements and optical observations from which information about the dynamics of the water flow was extrapolated. Numerical calculation based on a 1D magnetohydrodynamic model was used to simulate the process of underwater wire explosion. A wide range conductivity model was applied in this calculation and good agreement with a set of experimental data was obtained. A method of determining the average temperature of the discharge channel based on this model and experimental results is proposed, and the limits of this method's applicability are discussed.
Grinenko, A.; Gurovich, V.Tz.; Saypin, A.; Efimov, S.; Krasik, Ya.E.; Oreshkin, V.I. [Physics Department, Technion, 32000 Haifa (Israel); Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAN, 634055 Tomsk (Russian Federation)
Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Structure in Gallium Selenide Layers
Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Structure in Gallium Selenide Layers Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Structure in Gallium Selenide Layers Print Wednesday, 21 December 2005 00:00 Low-dimensional materials have gained much attention not only because of the nonstop march toward miniaturization in the electronics industry but also for the exotic properties that are inherent in their small size. One approach for creating low-dimensional structures is to exploit the nanoscale or atomic-scale features that exist naturally in the three-dimensional (bulk) form of materials. By this means, a group from the University of Washington has demonstrated a new way of creating one-dimensional nanoscale structures (nanowires) in the compound gallium selenide. In short, ordered lines of structural vacancies in the material stimulate the growth of "one-dimensional" structures less than 1 nanometer in width.
Modeling and simulation of a single phase photovoltaic inverter and investigation of switching strategies for harmonic minimization
The aim of this paper is to build an EMTDC model of a single phase photovoltaic inverter and to investigate switching strategies for harmonic minimisation. For the simulation of this model, the PSCAD/EMTDC software package was used and the waveforms ... Keywords: EMTDC model, harmonic minimization, single-phase photovoltaic inverter
St. Kourtesi; L. Ekonomou; A. Nakulas; G. P. Fotis; E. Zoulias
A three-level buck converter to regulate a high-voltage DC-to-AC inverter
A three-level buck converter is designed and analyzed, and shown to be suitable as a high-voltage down converter as a pre-regulation stage for a 600 watt DC-to-AC power inverter. Topology selection for the inverter is ...
Schrock, Kenneth C
DC-AC Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Boost Inverter With No Inductors for Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications
This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter for electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid EV (HEV) applications implemented without the use of inductors. Currently available power inverter systems for HEVs use a dc-dc boost converter to boost the battery voltage for a traditional three-phase inverter. The present HEV traction drive inverters have low power density, are expensive, and have low efficiency because they need a bulky inductor. A cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter design for EV and HEV applications implemented without the use of inductors is proposed in this paper. Traditionally, each H-bridge needs a dc power supply. The proposed design uses a standard three-leg inverter (one leg for each phase) and an H-bridge in series with each inverter leg which uses a capacitor as the dc power source. A fundamental switching scheme is used to do modulation control and to produce a five-level phase voltage. Experiments show that the proposed dc-ac cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter can output a boosted ac voltage without the use of inductors.
Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL; Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL; Du, Zhong [ORNL; Chiasson, John N [ORNL
Analysis of Compact Cylindrical Wire Array Implosions with Brass and also by Alternating Brass and Al wires on the 1-MA COBRA Generator
Implosions from compact cylindrical wire arrays (CCWA) with mid-Z and low-Z wires were carried out on the 1-MA COBRA generator at Cornell University. In particular, the CCWA used either Brass 310 (70% Cu, 30% Zn) wires or a combination of Brass 310 and Al 5056 (95% Al, 5% Mg) wires arranged in an alternating pattern. A total of 16 wires were used on either a 6 or 4 mm diameter array. The diagnostic suite included a bolometer, fast x-ray detectors, a time-integrated spectrometer, and a streak camera. A higher energy output was observed from bolometer measurements when alternating the brass and Al wires compared to using only the brass wires. This study will focus mainly on the spectroscopy of the brass and alternating brass and Al CCWA by applying the non-LTE kinetic models of Cu and Zn to account for the L-shell radiation. The resulting plasma parameters, electron density and electron temperature, will be discussed and compared for the CCWA with only brass wires and alternating brass and Al wires. The simulations with the novel Wire Ablation Dynamics Model that account for wire ablation will be performed to analyze the differences in implosion dynamics of the uniform and alternating compact cylindrical arrays.
Ouart, N. D.; Yilmaz, M. F.; Safronova, A. S.; Kantsyrev, V. L.; Esaulov, A. A.; Williamson, K. M.; Osborne, G. C.; Shrestha, I.; Weller, M. E. [Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 (United States); McBride, R. D.; Knapp, P. F.; Bell, K. S.; Pikuz, S. A.; Shelkovenko, T. A.; Greenly, J. B.; Hammer, D. A.; Kusse, B. R. [Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (United States)
Web Development and Design Foundations with XHTML, 5th edition
Using Hands-On Practice exercises and Web Site Case Studies to motivate readers, Web Development and Design Foundations with XHTML includes all the necessary lessons to guide students in developing highly effective Web sites. A well-rounded balance of ...
Terry Felke-Morris
Vietnam Education Foundation U.S. FACULTY SCHOLAR PROGRAM
Vietnam Education Foundation U.S. FACULTY SCHOLAR PROGRAM ***** CALL FOR PROPOSALS For the 2013 Cohort For Academic Year 2013-2014 #12;2 | P a g e U . S . F a c u l t y S c h o l a r P r o g r a m f o .......................................................................................... 14 14. Timeline for 2013 Cohort for AY 2013
Reisslein, Martin
Exemplary documents: a foundation for information retrieval design
Exemplary documents: a foundation for information retrieval design David C. Blair a,*, Steven O 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Information, or document, retrieval retrieval systems are often rapidly Information Processing and Management 38 (2002) 363±379 www
Kimbrough, Steven Orla
Using a Foundational Ontology for Reengineering a Software Enterprise Ontology
The knowledge about software organizations is considerably relevant to software engineers. The use of a common vocabulary for representing the useful knowledge about software organizations involved in software projects is important for several reasons, ... Keywords: Enterprise Ontology, Foundational Ontology, Ontology Reengineering
Monalessa Perini Barcellos; Ricardo Almeida Falbo
Fan Foundation Systems--Analysis and Design Guidelines
Dynamic analysis is the most effective tool for determining the root causes of excessive fan vibration. This study demonstrated the importance of using such analysis in conjunction with a "total systems" approach that considers how the properties of all major fan system components, including foundation, piles, and soil conditions, contribute to vibration.
Foundation Heat Exchanger Model and Design Tool Development and Validation
. Feasibility of foundation heat exchangers in ground source heat pump systems in the United States. ASHRAE systems, with an estimated 1.7 million installed units with total installed heating capacity on the order Heat Exchangers for Residential Ground Source Heat Pump Systems - Numerical Modeling and Experimental
Coupled Site Characterization and Foundation Analysis Research Project: Further Research into the Rational Selection of for Bearing Capacity Analysis under Drained-Strength Conditions Manhattan College Research Report No. CE/GE-00-3 by John S. Horvath, Ph.D., P.E. Professor of Civil Engineering Manhattan
Advanced, High-Reliability, System-Integrated 500kW PV Inverter Development: Final Subcontract Report, 29 September 2005 - 31 May 2008
Xantrex Technology accomplished subcontract goals of reducing parts cost, weight, and size of its 500-kW inverter by 25% compared to state-of-the-art PV inverters, while extending reliability by 25%.
West, R.
Fundamental Frequency Switching Control of Seven-Level Hybrid Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter
This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that can be implemented using only a single dc power source and capacitors. Standard cascaded multilevel inverters require n dc sources for 2n + 1 levels. Without requiring transformers, the scheme proposed here allows the use of a single dc power source (e.g., a battery or a fuel cell stack) with the remaining n-1 dc sources being capacitors, which is referred to as hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (HCMLI) in this paper. It is shown that the inverter can simultaneously maintain the dc voltage level of the capacitors and choose a fundamental frequency switching pattern to produce a nearly sinusoidal output. HCMLI using only a single dc source for each phase is promising for high-power motor drive applications as it significantly decreases the number of required dc power supplies, provides high-quality output power due to its high number of output levels, and results in high conversion efficiency and low thermal stress as it uses a fundamental frequency switching scheme. This paper mainly discusses control of seven-level HCMLI with fundamental frequency switching control and how its modulation index range can be extended using triplen harmonic compensation.
Du, Zhong [ORNL; Chiasson, John N [ORNL; Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL; Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL
Modeling the overshooting effect for CMOS inverter delay analysis in nanometer technologies
With the scaling of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology into the nanometer regime, the overshooting effect due to the input-to-output coupling capacitance has more significant influence on CMOS gate analysis, especially on CMOS ... Keywords: CMOS inverter, gate delay, nanometer technology, overshooting time, switch-resistor model, timing analysis
Zhangcai Huang; Atsushi Kurokawa; Masanori Hashimoto; Takashi Sato; Minglu Jiang; Yasuaki Inoue
Dynamic Model Validation of PV Inverters under Short-Circuit Conditions
Photovoltaic (PV) modules have dramatically decreased in price in the past few years, spurring the expansion of PV deployment. Residential and commercial rooftop installations are connected to the distribution network, large-scale installation PV power ... Keywords: photovoltaic, PV, dynamic model, validation, solar PV inverter, renewables
E. Muljadi, M. Singh, R. Bravo, V. Gevorgian
Control of Inverter-Connected Sources in Autonomous Microgrids Ian A. Hiskens Eric M. Fleming
Control of Inverter-Connected Sources in Autonomous Microgrids Ian A. Hiskens Eric M. Fleming interconnection strate- gies. The resulting microgrid concept allows sub-networks of sources and loads to maintain to a microgrid, explores controller behaviour. The investigation considers disconnection from the main grid
Late miocene/pliocene origin of the inverted metamorphism of the Central Himalaya
The spatial association of intracontinental thrusting and inverted metamorphism, recognized in the Himalaya more than a century ago, has inspired continuing efforts to identify their causal relationship. Perhaps the best known sequence of inverted metamorphism is that found immediately beneath the Himalayan Main Central Thrust (MCT), generally thought to have been active during the Early Miocene. It has been widely assumed that the pattern of inverted metamorphism also developed at that time. Using a new approach, in situ Th-Pb dating of monazite included in garnet, we have discovered that the peak metamorphic recrystallization recorded in the footwall of the MCT fault occurred at ca. 5 Ma. The apparent inverted metamorphism resulted from activation of a broad shear zone beneath the MCT zone which juxtaposed two right-way-up metamorphic sequences. Recognition of this remarkably youthful phase of metamorphism resolves outstanding problems in Himalayan tectonics, such as why the MCT (and not the more recently initiated thrusts) marks the break in slope of the present day mountain range, and transcends others, such as the need for exceptional conditions to explain Himalayan anatexis.
Harrison, T.M.; Ryerson, F.J.; LeFort, P.; Yin, A. Lovera, O.M.
Multilevel Cascade H-bridge Inverter DC Voltage Estimation Through Output Voltage Sensing
- level inverters with symmetric supply," in Proc. 35th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, vol Knoxville,USA firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Burak Ozpineci Energy & Transportation Science Division Oak total harmonic distortion), and have less switching losses. However, they need more components, driver
Improving tide-gauge data processing: A method involving tidal frequencies and inverted barometer effect
Sea level measured at tide-gauge stations is affected by undesired events such as spikes, gaps, steps and time shifts. The presence of these instrumental failures seriously decreases the quality of each analysis done using the record. Furthermore, they ... Keywords: Data processing, Inverted barometer effect, Ocean tides, Sea-level changes, Tide-gauge observations
E. Gil; C. de Toro
On the invertibility of the XOR rotations of a binary word
We prove the following result regarding operations on a binary word whose length is a power of two: computing the exclusive-or of a number of rotated versions of the word is an invertible (one-to-one) operation if and only ...
Rivest, Ronald L.
Conditions for the invertibility of the isoparametric mapping for hexahedral finite elements
We consider the isoparametric mapping, which maps a given reference element onto a global element given by its vertices, for trilinear finite elements on hexahedra. We present an algorithm that checks the positivity of the Jacobian determinant depending ... Keywords: hexahedral finite elements, invertibility, isoparametric mapping
P. Knabner; S. Korotov; G. Summ
CANDLE BURNING IN AN INVERTED JAR OVER WATER IN A TROUGH EXPERIMENT: SCIENCE TEACHERS' CONCEPTIONS contains about 20% oxygen despite our knowledge that burning in a closed environment does not consume during burning of carbon in oxygen (air) and the solubility rate of carbon dioxide in water
Knill, Oliver
Common Mode Voltage in case of Transformerless PV Inverters Connected to the Grid
through the parasitic capacitance of the PV panels, can reach very high values. A common-mode model based grid connected PV system with the modeled parasitic capacitances, marked with grey lines, presentCommon Mode Voltage in case of Transformerless PV Inverters Connected to the Grid T. KEREKES* R
Kerekes, Tamas
Economical design of gate-commutated inverters for the grid-tied distributed generators
The cost-effectiveness of small distributed generating resources is vital to the success of the high penetration of distributed generators within the microgrid concept. A common mechanism is the use of highly efficient inverters following the electrical storage systems. In this paper
Mujahidul Islam; Adedamola Omole; Arif Islam; Alexander Domijan Jr.
The Control Strategy Based on Improved Droop Method of Microgrid-Connected Inverters
A control strategy of inverters is proposed based on the control requirements of the distributed power sources in the microgrid, which realizes the seamless transition between the grid-connected mode and islanding mode. When the microgrid is connected ... Keywords: improved droop method, tranditional droop method, PQ control, V/f control
Sha Tian; Xiangqian Tong; Biying Ren
Using the Inverted Echo Sounder to Measure Vertical Profiles of Gulf Stream Temperature and Geostrophic Velocity
The methodology for converting the travel time measurement of the inverted echo sounder (IES) into an amplitude of the first baroclinic dynamical mode, A1, is presented. For a Gulf Stream IES record the so-generated A1(t) time series is used to ...
Robert S. Pickart; D. Randolph Watts
Early Swedish Contribution to Oceanography: Nils Gissler (1715�71) and the Inverted Barometer Effect
Nils Gissler (1715�71) was a remarkable Swedish scientist and physician who appears to be the first to describe the inverted barometer effect, based on joint observations of sea level and atmospheric pressure at H�rn�sand, a small town on the ...
Gunnar I. Roden; H. Thomas Rossby
Observations of Inertia-Gravity Waves in the Atlantic from Inverted Echo Sounders during FGGE
The study is based on observations from inverted echo sounders anchored near the equator in the western Atlantic Ocean. It appears to be a good method of detecting inertia-gravity waves with large vertical scale. The spectral analysis of the ...
Silvia Garzoli; Eli Joel Katz
FPGA Implementation of Space Vector PWM Technique for Voltage Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive
This paper presents implementation of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for three phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Variable voltage and frequency supply to ac drives is invariably obtained ... Keywords: VSI, SVPWM, FPGA, Induction Motor
R. Rajendran; N. Devarajan
Optimal Inverter VAR Control in Distribution Systems with High PV Penetration
The intent of the study detailed in this paper is to demonstrate the benefits of inverter var control on a fast timescale to mitigate rapid and large voltage fluctuations due to the high penetration of photovoltaic generation and the resulting reverse power flow. Our approach is to formulate the volt/var control as a radial optimal power flow (OPF) problem to minimize line losses and energy consumption, subject to constraints on voltage magnitudes. An efficient solution to the radial OPF problem is presented and used to study the structure of optimal inverter var injection and the net benefits, taking into account the additional cost of inverter losses when operating at non-unity power factor. This paper will illustrate how, depending on the circuit topology and its loading condition, the inverter's optimal reactive power injection is not necessarily monotone with respect to their real power output. The results are demonstrated on a distribution feeder on the Southern California Edison system that has a very ...
Farivar, Masoud; Clarke, Christopher; Low, Steven
DC-AC Inverters for Static Condenser and Dynamic Voltage Restorer Applications
There has been significant recent interest in general classes of power electronic-based active power conditioners such as static condensers and dynamic voltage restorers. These systems are discussed in this paper with a focus on the inverter output stage. ... Keywords: Power Quality, Static var Compensators, Custom Power
Steven R. Ashcraft; S. Mark Halpin
Optimizing the panel area of a photovoltaic system in relation to the static inverter - practical results
Due to poor sizing grid-connected photovoltaic systems often underexploit the capacity of the static inverter resulting in reduced efficiency and an increase in the cost of energy. The objectives of the present project are: to show the effects of an oversized solar module area on the efficiency and profitability of a system, and to define the conditions required for oversizing. The simulations performed in a previous phase of the project showed that higher profitability was attained with the power of the photovoltaic field area sized between 40 and 80% (depending on the conditions) above the nominal power of the static inverter. The validation of these results was obtained from two sites: Herdern (near Zurich/Switzerland/lat 47.5 {degree}N/long 8.4 {degree}E/410 m above sea level) with three installations of 4.4, 3.8 and 3.4 kW S.T.C. for an inverter of nominal 3.3 kW a.c.; and Lausanne (Switzerland/lat 46.6 {degree}N/long 6.6 {degree}E/410 m above sea level) with three installations of 5.6, 4.0 and 2.4 kW S.T.C. for a static inverter of nominal 3.4 kW a.c. Detailed results are available for tests performed on both installations. The results clearly demonstrate the difference between optimal energy production and optimal energy cost. Finally, recommendations are given for optimization calculations of the photovoltaic module area and new construction directives for static inverters with a view to oversizing are issued. 5 refs., 6 figs., 8 tabs.
Keller, L. [Bureau d`Etudes Keller-Burnier, Lavigny (Switzerland); Affolter, P. [Ecole Polytechnique Federale, Lausanne (Switzerland)
Extended Constant Power Speed Range of the Brushless DC Motor Through Dual Mode Inverter Control
The trapezoidal back electromotive force (emf) brushless direct current (dc) motor (BDCM) with surface-mounted magnets has high-power density and efficiency especially when rare-earth magnet materials are used. Traction applications, such as electric vehicles, could benefit significantly from the use of such motors. Unfortunately, a practical means for driving the motor over a constant power speed ratio (CPSR) of 5:1 or more has not yet been developed. A key feature of these motors is that they have low internal inductance. The phase advance method is effective in controlling the motor power over such a speed range, but the current at high speed may be several times greater than that required at the base speed. The increase in current during high-speed operation is due to the low motor inductance and the action of the bypass diodes of the inverter. The use of such a control would require increased current rating of the inverter semiconductors and additional cooling for the inverter, where the conduction losses increase proportionally with current, and especially for the motor, where the losses increase with the square of the current. The high current problems of phase advance can be mitigated by adding series inductance; however, this reduces power density, requires significant increase in supply voltage, and leaves the CPSR performance of the system highly sensitive to variations in the available voltage. A new inverter topology and control scheme has been developed that can drive low-inductance BDCMs over the CPSR that would be required in electric vehicle applications. This new controller is called the dual-mode inverter control (DMIC). It is shown that the BDCM has an infinite CPSR when it is driven by the DMIC.
Lawler, J.S.
First Test Results of the New LANSCE Wire Scanner
The Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation Team (BDIT) at Los Alamos National Laboratory's LANSCE facility is presently developing a new and improved wire scanner diagnostics system controlled by National Instrument's cRIO platform. This paper describes the current state of development of the control system along with the results gathered from the latest actuator motion performance and accelerator-beam data acquisition tests.
Sedillo, James Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory
A Laser-Wire System at the ATF Extraction Line
A new laser-wire (LW) system has been installed at the ATF extraction line at KEK, Tsukuba. The system aims at a micron-scale laser spot size and employs a mode-locked laser system. The purpose-built interaction chamber, light delivery optics, and lens systems are described, and the first results are presented.
Boogert, S.T.; Blair, G.; Boorman, G.; Bosco, A.; Deacon, L.; Driouichi, C.; Karataev, P.; /Royal Holloway, U. of London; Kamps, T.; /BESSY, Berlin; Delerue, N.; Dixit, S.; Foster, B.; Gannaway, F.; Howell, D.F.; Qureshi, M.; Reichold, A.; Senanayake, R.; /Oxford U.; Aryshev, A.; Hayano, H.; Kubo, K.; Terunuma, N.; Urakawa, J.; /KEK, Tsukuba /Liverpool U. /Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. /SLAC
Leaching Studies for Metals Recovery from Waste Printed Wiring ...
Presentation Title, Leaching Studies for Metals Recovery from Waste Printed Wiring ... of the Chemical Changes and Surface Properties of Carbonated Waste Cement ... Flux for Basic Oxygen Steel Making Using Waste Oxides of Steel Plant ... Heat Treatment of Black Dross for the Production of a Value Added Material - A
Finite Element Simulation of Residual Stresses in Thermo-coupled Wire Drawing Process
The objective of this paper is to calculate residual stress in drawn wire taking into account induced temperature due to plastic dissipation energy. Finite element analysis (FEA) for the simulation of wire drawing is applied. The general purpose FEA ...
R. Iankov; A. Van Bael; P. Van Houtte
THE EFFECT OF PRIVATE WIRE LAWS ON DEVELOPMENT OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER FACILITIES THE EFFECT OF PRIVATE WIRE LAWS ON DEVELOPMENT OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER FACILITIES Section...
The Effect of Prongs in the Measurement of Atmospheric Turbulence with Fine-Wire Resistance Transducers
The response of the fine-wire resistance temperature transducer was analyzed including the effects of (i) conducive heat transfer between wire and the supporting prong and (ii) a thermal boundary layer, which can form around the prongs especially ...
V. P. Singh; F. Eaton; R. Rubio
EAC Recommendations for DOE Action Regarding Non-Wires Solutions - October 17, 2012
EAC Recommendations for DOE Action Regarding Non-Wires Solutions, approved at the October 15-16, 2012 EAC Meeting.
Study of operation of a current-controlled power inverter with hysteretic current controllers under various control options
Inverters with hysteretic current controllers have constituted one of the most common types of CD/AC power converters. They are used in high-performance AC drive systems and as a source of reactive power of power-conditioning systems. Their main feature consists in the presence of a current feedback which allows the avoidance sophisticated open-loop control strategies. Existing current-controlled inverters with hysteretic current controllers (CCI-HCC) result in the dependence of the inverter on its load characteristics, poor inverter utilization due to too much or too little supply voltage, and the current error in the tolerance band which causes deterioration of operation of the supplied motor. In this work, techniques and results of modeling the operation of a current-controlled three-phase power inverter with hysteretic current controllers are presented. Four symmetrical control options are considered: the so called independent type, semi-dependent type (a), semi-dependent type (b), and dependent type, each using three current controllers. Performance indices of an exemplary inverter-induction motor set and a RL-loaded inverter with two different mechanical loads and time constants, otherwise difficult to compute, were determined.
Rashidi, N.H.
Beam profile measurement with flying wires at the Fermilab Recycler Ring
Flying wires were installed at the Fermilab Recycler Ring for transverse beam profile measurement for both proton and antiproton beams. The following note describes the system configuration, calibration and resolution of the flying wire system, interactions between the wires and the beam, as well as analysis of the transverse beam profile in the presence of a stochastic cooling system.
Carcagno, R.; Pishchalnikov, Yu.; Krider, J.; Hu, M.; Lorman, E.; Marchionni, A.; Pordes, S.; Wilson, P.; Zagel, J.; /Fermilab
Evaluation of the Effect of LOCA Testing on Polyimide Insulated Wire Subjected to Bending: Volume 2
Due in part to mishandling and improper installation, polyimide insulated wire has exhibited degradation in some military aircraft and power plant applications. This report presents the results of a Rochester Gas & Electric (RG&E) test program to determine the effects of bending on aged polyimide lead wire and subsequent performance of this wire during a nuclear plant design basis accident.
Foundation for Offshore Wind Energy | Open Energy Information
Offshore Wind Energy Offshore Wind Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name Foundation for Offshore Wind Energy Place Varel, Germany Zip D-26316 Sector Wind energy Product Foundation established to operate the 60MW Borkum West Offshore Wind Farm. Coordinates 53.393773°, 8.13759° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":53.393773,"lon":8.13759,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Northern New Mexico College Foundation honors LANL's Richard Marquez with
Rich Marquez honored with leadership, service award Rich Marquez honored with leadership, service award LANL's Richard Marquez honored with leadership, service award Northern New Mexico College Foundation honors LANL's Richard Marquez. October 4, 2012 Rich Marquez Rich Marquez, LANL Executive Director Contact Steve Sandoval Communications Office (505) 665-9206 Email Barcelo said Marquez has "dedicated his career and personal life to the advancement of educational and economic opportunities for Northern New Mexico." Northern New Mexico College Foundation honors LANL's Richard Marquez with leadership, service award LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO, October 5, 2012-Los Alamos National Laboratory Executive Director Richard Marquez is the namesake for a new leadership and service award at Northern New Mexico College (NNMC) in Española.
Synthetic nanotubes lay foundation for new technology: Artificial pores
Synthetic nanotubes lay foundation for new technology: Artificial pores Synthetic nanotubes lay foundation for new technology: Artificial pores mimic key features of natural pores By Tona Kunz * July 17, 2012 Tweet EmailPrint Scientists have overcome key design hurdles to expand the potential uses of nanopores and nanotubes. The creation of smart nanotubes with selective mass transport opens up a wider range of applications for water purification, chemical separation and fighting disease. Nanopores and their rolled up version, nanotubes, consist of atoms bonded to each other in a hexagonal pattern to create an array of nanometer-scale openings or channels. This structure creates a filter that can be sized to select which molecules and ions pass into drinking water or into a cell. The same filter technique can limit the release of chemical by-products
Time and Entropy in the Foundations of Mechanics
This contribution analyses the classical laws of motion by means of an approach relating time and entropy. We argue that adopting the notion of change of states as opposed to the usual derivation of Newton's laws in terms of fields a broader picture is obtained, suggesting that diverse branches of physics- classical, quantum, relativistic and statistical mechanics - turn out to be related by a common foundation.
R Assumpcao
SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency
Solar Foundational Program to Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Solar Foundational Program to Advance Cell Efficiency on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Research & Development Competitive Awards Diversity in Science and Technology Advances National Clean Energy
U.S. Department of Energy and the Automotive X PRIZE Foundation...
the Automotive X PRIZE Foundation to Promote Clean, Energy-Efficient Vehicles U.S. Department of Energy and the Automotive X PRIZE Foundation to Promote Clean, Energy-Efficient...
Business Case Slide 3: DU Uses R&D Program Foundation
DU Uses R&D Program Foundation Previous Slide Next Slide Table of Contents DU Uses R&D Program Foundation Based on DU materials use "roadmap" developed by DOE and lab staff from...
WPF Programmer's Reference: Windows Presentation Foundation with C# 2010 and .NET 4, 1st edition
Build effective user interfaces with Windows Presentation Foundation Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is included with the Windows operating system and provides a programming model for building applications that provide a clear separation between ...
Rod Stephens
A Five-Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter Three-Phase Motor Drive Using a Single DC Source
A method is presented showing that a 5-level cascade multilevel inverter for a three-phase permanent magnet sychronous motor drive can be implemented using only a single DC link to supply a standard 3-leg inverter along with three full H-bridges supplied by capacitors. It is shown that the capacitor voltages can be regulated while achieving an output voltage waveform that is 20% greater than that obained using the standard 3-leg inverter alone. Finally conditions are given in terms of the power factor and modulation index that determine when the capacitor voltage can regulated.
Chiasson, J. N. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
Analysis, design and optimization of the LCC resonant inverter as a high-intensity discharge lamp ballast
A complete study of the clamped-mode (CM) series-parallel (LCC) resonant inverter together with some of the control-to-output characteristics are presented in this paper. Also, a new control method for the CM LCC resonant inverter is introduced. With this method, the inverter is forced to operate with optimum commutations and without handling reactive energy, thus minimizing both switching and conduction losses. The corresponding design procedure is illustrated with a design example. Finally, some experimental results obtained from a prototype at the laboratory are also shown to validate the analysis and evaluate the proposed control method.
Alonso, J.M.; Blanco, C.; Lopez, E.; Calleja, A.J.; Rico, M. [Univ. de Oviedo, Gijon (Spain). Dept. de Ingenieria Electrica y Electronica
Hardware Development of a Laboratory-Scale Microgrid Phase 1--Single Inverter in Island Mode Operation: Base Year Report, December 2000 -- November 2001
This report summarizes the activities of the first year of a three-year project to develop control software for micro-source distributed generation systems. The focus of this phase was on internal energy storage requirements, the modification of an off-the-shelf motor drive system inverter to supply utility-grade ac power, and a single inverter system operating in island mode. The report provides a methodology for determining battery energy storage requirements, a method for converting a motor drive inverter into a utility-grade inverter, and typical characteristics and test results of using such an inverter in a complex load environment.
Venkataramanan, G.; Illindala, M. S.; Houle, C.; Lasseter, R. H.
A Five-Level Three-Phase Cascade Multilevel Inverter Using a Single DC Source for a PM Synchronous Motor Drive
The interest here is in using a single DC power source to construct a 3-phase 5-level cascade multilevel inverter to be used as a drive for a PM traction motor. The 5-level inverter consists of a standard 3-leg inverter (one leg for each phase) and an H-bridge in series with each inverter leg, which use a capacitor as a DC source. It is shown that one can simultaneously maintain the regulation of the capacitor voltage while achieving an output voltage waveform which is 25% higher than that obtained using a standard 3-leg inverter by itself.
Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL; Chiasson, John N [ORNL; Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL
Cold Climate Foundation Retrofit Energy Savings: The Simulated Energy and Experimental Hygrothermal Performance of Cold Climate Foundation Wall Insulation Retrofit Measures -- Phase I, Energy Simulation
A split simulation whole building energy/3-dimensional earth contact model (termed the BUFETS/EnergyPlus Model or BEM) capable of modeling the full range of foundation systems found in the target retrofit housing stock has been extensively tested. These foundation systems that include abovegrade foundation walls, diabatic floors or slabs as well as lookout or walkout walls, currently cannot be modeled within BEopt.
Goldberg, L. F.; Steigauf, B.
Towards ontological foundations for agent modelling concepts using the unified fundational ontology (UFO)
Foundational ontologies provide the basic concepts upon which any domain-specific ontology is built. This paper presents a new foundational ontology, UFO, and shows how it can be used as a foundation of agent concepts and for evaluating agent-oriented ...
Program on Technology Innovation: Five-Wire Feasibility on Con Edison's Distribution Systems
The feasibility of a five-wire distribution system has gained interest in recent years. The five-wire distribution system features an isolated neutral that carries unbalanced load current. The main advantages of the five-wire distribution system include lower stray voltage and magnetic fields and easier detection of high-impedance faults. Under normal conditions, the five-wire design operates very similar to the four-wire design with one major exception all the return current is confined to the neutral t...
Dynamic Model Validation of PV Inverters Under Short-Circuit Conditions: Preprint
Photovoltaic (PV) modules have dramatically decreased in price in the past few years, spurring the expansion of photovoltaic deployment. Residential and commercial rooftop installations are connected to the distribution network; large-scale installation PV power plants (PVPs) have benefited from tax incentives and the low cost of PV modules. As the level penetration of PV generation increases, the impact on power system reliability will also be greater. Utility power system planners must consider the role of PV generation in power systems more realistically by representing PV generation in dynamic stability analyses. Dynamic models of PV inverters have been developed in the positive sequence representation. NREL has developed a PV inverter dynamic model in PSCAD/EMTDC. This paper validates the dynamic model with an actual hardware bench test conducted by Southern California Edison's Distributed Energy Resources laboratory. All the fault combinations -- symmetrical and unsymmetrical -- were performed in the laboratory. We compare the simulation results with the bench test results.
Muljadi, E.; Singh, M.; Bravo, R.; Gevorgian, V.
An Inverter Packaging Scheme for an Integrated Segmented Traction Drive System
The standard voltage source inverter (VSI), widely used in electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle (EV/HEV) traction drives, requires a bulky dc bus capacitor to absorb the large switching ripple currents and prevent them from shortening the battery s life. The dc bus capacitor presents a significant barrier to meeting inverter cost, volume, and weight requirements for mass production of affordable EVs/HEVs. The large ripple currents become even more problematic for the film capacitors (the capacitor technology of choice for EVs/HEVs) in high temperature environments as their ripple current handling capability decreases rapidly with rising temperatures. It is shown in previous work that segmenting the VSI based traction drive system can significantly decrease the ripple currents and thus the size of the dc bus capacitor. This paper presents an integrated packaging scheme to reduce the system cost of a segmented traction drive.
Su, Gui-Jia [ORNL; Tang, Lixin [ORNL; Ayers, Curtis William [ORNL; Wiles, Randy H [ORNL
Fabrication and Evaluation of a High Performance SiC Inverter for Wireless Power Transfer Applications
In this study, a high power density SiC high efficiency wireless power transfer converter system via inductive coupling has been designed and developed. The detailed power module design, cooling system design and power stage development are presented. The successful operation of rated power converter system demonstrates the feasible wireless charging plan. One of the most important part of this study is the wind bandgap devices packaged at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using the in-house packaging technologies by employing the bare SiC dies acquired from CREE, which are rated at 50 A / 1200 V each. These packaged devices are also inhouse tested and characterized using ORNL s Device Characterization Facility. The successful operation of the proposed inverter is experimentally verified and the efficiency and operational characteristics of the inverter are also revealed.
Onar, Omer C [ORNL] [ORNL; Campbell, Steven L [ORNL] [ORNL; Ning, Puqi [ORNL] [ORNL; Miller, John M [ORNL] [ORNL; Liang, Zhenxian [ORNL] [ORNL
Hydrodynamics of adiabatic inverted annular flow: an experimental study. [PWR; BWR
For low-quality film boiling in tubes or rod bundles, the flow pattern may consist of a liquid jet-like core surrounded by a vapor annulus, i.e., inverted annular flow. The stability, shape, and break-up mechanisms of this liquid core must be understood in order to model correctly this regime and to develop appropriate interfacial transfer correlations. This paper reports on a study in which inverted annular flow was simulated in an adiabatic system. Turbulent water jets, issuing downward from long-aspect nozzles were enclosed within cocurrent gas annuli. Jet-core diameter and velocity, and gas-annulus diameter, velocity, and species were varied, yielding liquid Reynolds numbers up to 33,000, void fractions from 0.29 to 0.95, and relative velocities from near zero to over 80 m/s. Jet-core break-up lengths and secondarily, core break-up mechanisms, were observed visually, using strobe lighting.
De Jarlais, G.; Ishii, M.
Shootthrough fault protection system for bipolar transistors in a voltage source transistor inverter
Faulted bipolar transistors in a voltage source transistor inverter are protected against shootthrough fault current, from the filter capacitor of the d-c voltage source which drives the inverter over the d-c bus, by interposing a small choke in series with the filter capacitor to limit the rate of rise of that fault current while at the same time causing the d-c bus voltage to instantly drop to essentially zero volts at the beginning of a shootthrough fault. In this way, the load lines of the faulted transistors are effectively shaped so that they do not enter the second breakdown area, thereby preventing second breakdown destruction of the transistors.
Wirth, W.F.
Theoretical analysis and experimental validation of a novel multilevel inverter topology for renewable energy interfacing applications
This paper presents a new topological structure for symmetrical cascaded multilevel inverters. The proposed circuit consists of cross-connected separate symmetrical DC sources which can generate number of levels equal to that of a cascaded H-bridge topology with reduced number of power switches. It is especially suitable for utility interfacing of renewable energy sources. It also offers the possibility of a transformer less and filter less operation. The working principle of the proposed topology is explained with the help of a single-phase five level inverter. Simulation results are obtained in matlab/simulink environment and are verified experimentally on a laboratory prototype. An exhaustive comparison of the proposed topology is made with the classical cascaded H-bridge topology
Krishna Kumar Gupta
Specification for Smart Inverter Interactions with the Electric Grid Using International Electrotechnical Commission 61850
This document contains a specification for communication with smart inverters. The communications enable a range of common functions for photovoltaic and storage systems. This specification is the work product of an industry collaborative activity that was managed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in coordination with the Department of Energy, Sandia National Laboratories, and the Solar Electric Power Association. The activity was managed as an open process, ultimately engaging more than 35...
Plant Support Engineering: Guidance for Replacing Inverters and Battery Chargers at Nuclear Power Plants
Utilities are continuing to pursue license renewal applications and power uprates, and these initiatives are being undertaken on an aging fleet of nuclear plants. Many plants must replace inverters and battery chargers to support these initiatives. However, industry expertise to support such activities has diminished since the days of plant constructionthere are fewer qualified vendors and equipment manufacturers, materials have changed in many cases, and licensees are typically not currently staffed for...
Policy Strategies and Paths to promote Sustainable Energy Systems- The dynamic Invert Simulation Tool
The European Union has established a number of targetsregarding energy efficiency, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and CO2reductions as the 'GREEN PAPER on Energy Efficiency', the Directive for'promotion of the use of bio-fuels or other renewable fuels fortransport' or 'Directive of the European Parliament of the Council on thepromotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internalenergy market'. A lot of the according RES and RUE measures are notattractive for investors from an economic point of view. Thereforegovernmentsall over the world have to spend public money to promotethese technologies/measures to bring them into market. These expenditureshave to be adjusted to budget concerns and should be spent mostefficiently. Therefore, the spent money has to be dedicated totechnologies and efficiency measures with the best yield in CO2 reductionwithout wasting money. The core question: "How can public money - forpromoting sustainable energy systems - be spent most efficiently toreduce GHG-emissions?" has been well investigated by the European projectInvert. In course of this project a simulation tool has been designed toanswer this core question. This paper describes the modelling with theInvert simulation tool and shows the key features necessary forsimulating the energy system. A definition of 'Promotion SchemeEfficiency' is given which allows estimating the most cost effectivetechnologies and/or efficiency measures to reduce CO2 emissions.Investigations performed with the Invert simulation tool deliver anoptimum portfolio mix of technologies and efficiency measures for eachselected region. Within Invert seven European regions were simulated andfor the Austrian case study the detailed portfolio mix is shown andpolitical conclusions are derived.
Stadler, Michael; Kranzl, Lukas; Huber, Claus; Haas, Reinhard; Tsioliaridou, Elena
Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Structure in Gallium Selenide Layers Print Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Structure in Gallium Selenide Layers Print Low-dimensional materials have gained much attention not only because of the nonstop march toward miniaturization in the electronics industry but also for the exotic properties that are inherent in their small size. One approach for creating low-dimensional structures is to exploit the nanoscale or atomic-scale features that exist naturally in the three-dimensional (bulk) form of materials. By this means, a group from the University of Washington has demonstrated a new way of creating one-dimensional nanoscale structures (nanowires) in the compound gallium selenide. In short, ordered lines of structural vacancies in the material stimulate the growth of "one-dimensional" structures less than 1 nanometer in width.
Wire Making Techniques - HTS Coated Conductors - Fact Sheet
Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates (RABiTS Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates (RABiTS TM ) coated conductors, characterized by their low cost and simple architecture, promise to meet industry price and performance targets. Introduction Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductors (HTS), notably YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO), researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) national laboratories have searched for ways to manufacture affordable flexible wires with high current density. One of the chief obstacles to the manufacture of commercial lengths of YBCO wire has been the phenomenon of weak links, which exist where current crosses a non-superconducting region such as a grain boundary. By aligning grains carefully, low angle boundaries between superconducting grains are assured, which
Dissipation in a Quantum Wire: Fact and Fantasy
Where, and how, does energy dissipation of electrical energy take place in a ballistic wire? Fully two decades after the advent of the transmissive phenomenology of electrical conductance, this deceptively simple query remains unanswered. We revisit the quantum kinetic basis of dissipation and show its power to give a definitive answer to our query. Dissipation leaves a clear, quantitative trace in the non-equilibrium current noise of a quantum point contact; this signature has already been observed in the laboratory. We then highlight the current state of accepted understandings in the light of well-known yet seemingly contradictory measurements. The physics of mesoscopic transport rests not in coherent carrier transmission through a perfect and dissipationless metallic channel, but explicitly in their dissipative inelastic scattering at the wire's interfaces and adjacent macroscopic leads.
Das, Mukunda P. [Department of Theoretical Physics, IAS, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 (Australia); Green, Frederick [School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 (Australia)
Wrapping process for fabrication of A-15 superconducting composite wires
A method for fabricating superconducting wires wherein a billet of copper containing filaments of niobium or vanadium is rolled to form a strip which is wrapped about a tin-alloy core to form a composite. The alloy is a tin-copper alloy for niobium filaments and a gallium-copper alloy for vanadium filaments. The composite is then drawn down to a desired wire size and heat treated. During the heat treatment process, the tin in the bronze reacts with the niobium to form the superconductor niobium tin. In the case where vanadium is used, the gallium in the gallium bronze reacts with the vanadium to form the superconductor vanadium gallium. This new process eliminates the costly annealing steps, external tin plating and drilling of bronze ingots required in a number of prior art processes.
Suenaga, M.; Klamut, C.J.; Luhman, T.S.
Wire Scanner Beam Profile Measurements: LANSCE Facility Beam Development
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is replacing Wire Scanner (WS) beam profile measurement systems. Three beam development tests have taken place to test the new wire scanners under beam conditions. These beam development tests have integrated the WS actuator, cable plant, electronics processors and associated software and have used H{sup -} beams of different beam energy and current conditions. In addition, the WS measurement-system beam tests verified actuator control systems for minimum profile bin repeatability and speed, checked for actuator backlash and positional stability, tested the replacement of simple broadband potentiometers with narrow band resolvers, and tested resolver use with National Instruments Compact Reconfigurable Input and Output (cRIO) Virtual Instrumentation. These beam tests also have verified how trans-impedance amplifiers react with various types of beam line background noise and how noise currents were not generated. This paper will describe these beam development tests and show some resulting data.
Gilpatrick, John D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Batygin, Yuri K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gonzales, Fermin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gruchalla, Michael E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kutac, Vincent G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martinez, Derwin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sedillo, James Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pillai, Chandra [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodriguez Esparza, Sergio [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Smith, Brian G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
We report on the world s first experiment of a parallel profile scan of the hydrogen ion (H-) beam using a laser wire system. The system was developed at the superconducting linac of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex. The laser wire profile scanner is based on a photo-detachment process and therefore can be conducted on an operational H- beam in a nonintrusive manner. The parallel profile scanning system makes it possible to simultaneously measure profiles of the 1-MW neutron production H- beam at 9 different locations of the linac by using a single light source. This paper describes the design, optical system and software platform development, and measurement results of the parallel profile scanning system.
Liu, Yun [ORNL; Aleksandrov, Alexander V [ORNL; Huang, Chunning [ORNL; Long, Cary D [ORNL; Dickson, Richard W [ORNL
Modification of the spontaneous emission of CdTe nanocrystals in TiO 2 inverted opals
A light source in a three-dimensional photonic crystal has been realized by depositing CdTenanocrystals on the inner surface of TiO 2 inverted opalfilms. Two effects
V. G. Solovyev; S. G. Romanov; C. M. Sotomayor Torres; M. M�ller; R. Zentel; N. Gaponik; A. Eychm�ller; A. L. Rogach
Discrete sliding-mode control of a PWM inverter for sinusoidal output waveform synthesis with optimal sliding curve
This paper presents a discrete sliding-mode control scheme with feedforward compensation for the closed-loop regulation of the pulse-width modulated (PWM) inverter used in an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The proposed feedforward controller can effectively improve the tracking performance of the PWM inverter. In designing the sliding-mode controller, the authors have taken load disturbance into consideration to enhance the robustness of the PWM inverter. Moreover, the upper bound of the load disturbance under which the sliding condition can be maintained has also been derived. The sliding curve of the sliding-mode controller is designed such that the behavior of the controlled PWM inverter is optimal subject to the selected cost function. Due to the coordinate transformation proposed in this paper, only the output voltage needs to be measured as feedback for the purpose of closed-loop regulation. Simulation and experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Jung, S.L.; Tzou, Y.Y. [National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu (Taiwan, Province of China). Dept. of Control Engineering
A 55 kW Three-Phase Inverter With Si IGBT s and SiC Schottky Diodes
Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices are expected to have an impact on power converter efficiency, weight, volume, and reliability. Currently, only SiC Schottky diodes are commercially available at relatively low current ratings. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has collaborated with Cree and Semikron to build a Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor-SiC Schottky diode hybrid 55-kW inverter by replacing the Si p-n diodes in Semikron's automotive inverter with Cree's made-to-order higher current SiC Schottky diodes. This paper presents the developed models of these diodes for circuit simulators, shows inverter test results, and compares the results with those of a similar all-Si inverter.
Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL; Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan [ORNL; Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL; Kashyap, Avinash S [ORNL; Mantooth, Homer A [ORNL
An Acoustic Telemetry System Implemented for Real-Time Monitoring of the Gulf Stream with Inverted Echo Sounders
From August 1989 until August 1990, a simple acoustic telemetry system was used for obtaining real-time data from four inverted echo sounders (IESs) deployed in the Synoptic Ocean Prediction Experiment (SYNOP) inlet array in the Gulf Stream east ...
Stephan D. Howden; D. Randolph Watts; Karen L. Tracey; H. Thomas Rossby
A 55-kW Three-Phase Inverter with Si IGBTs and SiC Schottky Diodes
Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL; Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL; Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan [ORNL; Mantooth, Homer A [ORNL; Kashyap, Avinash S [ORNL
Precipitation Regimes during Cold-Season Central U.S. Inverted Trough Cases. Part I: Synoptic Climatology and Composite Study
This paper is the first of two papers that examines the organization of the precipitation field in central U.S. cold-season cyclones involving inverted troughs. The first portion of the study examines the varying precipitation distribution that ...
Robert A. Weisman; Keith G. McGregor; David R. Novak; Jason L. Selzler; Michael L. Spinar; Blaine C. Thomas; Philip N. Schumacher
Advanced Photovoltaic Inverter Functionality using 500 kW Power Hardware-in-Loop Complete System Laboratory Testing: Preprint
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