text:
Postural control while dressing on two surfaces in the elderly.
ABSTRACT Falling is a worldwide problem faced by the elderly, and it has serious consequences. The elderly falls in the bathroom very often, and this raises the concern of the connection between the high incidence of falls in the bathroom and postural control of putting on shorts. Because little is known about postural control while putting on shorts of any age group, this study investigated the effects of age and surface on postural control while putting on shorts. Healthy young adults (n =15; age range: 21-27 years) and the elderly participants (n = 15; age range: 63-78 years) were compared in the temporal-spatial parameters, movement of center of mass (COM), and its interactions with center of pressure (COP) and kinematic measures under two conditions: anti-slipping mat and tile. The results demonstrated that the elderly had lengthened cycle time, decreased single-limb-support ratio, decreased medial-lateral velocity of COM, decreased relative displacement between COM and COP, decreased hip abduction-adduction angle, knee flexion angle, and the height of foot elevation. The elderly demonstrated a conservative strategy that may reduce the mechanical load on the supporting limb but preserve medial-lateral balance during the task. The adopted strategy may be relevant to the reduction of muscle strength and proprioception loss during natural aging process. Although surface did not affect the motion patterns of participants while putting on shorts, the slippery surface should be avoided. Other environmental modification such as a grab bar and bright illumination may have advantages in reducing the risk of falls.
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- Progress in Neurobiology 02/1992; 38(1):35-56. · 10.30 Impact Factor
- SourceAvailable from: physther.net[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze balance and muscle performance data obtained from 54 men aged 60 to 90 years. Balance was tested using the sharpened Romberg test (SR) and the one-legged stance test (OLST) on each foot with eyes open and eyes closed. A strain-gauge-based quantitative muscle tester (QMT) was used to measure force production. All torque values were normalized as a percentage of body weight. A self-report of activity level also was recorded. The results indicated that OLST scores and normalized torques of the hip flexors, extensors, and abductors had a positive correlation and that SR scores and normalized torques of the hip extensors and right hip abductors had a positive correlation. Subjects who considered themselves to be very active had a significantly higher SR eyes-closed balance time as compared with those who rated themselves as less active. Subjects who considered themselves to be very active also had significantly higher normalized torque values for most muscle groups tested. Negative relationships were shown between age and balance time and between age and force production.Physical Therapy 07/1990; 70(6):348-55. · 3.25 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of fall-related fractures, and the circumstances surrounding these events, during a 5-year period among all residents of a long-term care facility. The study group was composed of residents with radiologically confirmed fractures that were the direct result of a fall occurring between the years 1988 and 1992. This group was 82% female and had a mean age of 89 +/- 6 years. The study was designed as a 5-year retrospective cohort study in a long-term care institution where annual incidence rates of fracture were assessed. There were 296 fall-related fractures during the 5-year period. Annual incidence rates remained fairly constant (72, 86, 84, 70, and 94 per 1000 person-years, respectively) despite a 54% decline in the use of physical restraints during the 5-year period. Hip fractures comprised almost 50% of all fractures. Based on incident reports of these fractures, 42% occurred during the day, 55% took place in the bedroom or adjoining bathroom. 67% occurred while the resident was ambulating, and a wet floor was in evidence in 16% of the incidents. Fracture incidence in this long-term care facility has remained stable despite reduced restraint use. The incident reporting system may contribute valuable information to the identification of factors that should receive further attention in studies of risk factors for fracture in the long-term care setting.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 01/1996; 43(12):1336-40. · 4.22 Impact Factor
Page 1
Postural control while dressing on two surfaces in the elderly
Cheng-Feng Lin & Chia-Ling Chang &
Li-Chieh Kuo & Chii-Jeng Lin & Chin-Yang Chen &
Fong-Chin Su
Received: 16 March 2009 /Accepted: 27 June 2010 /Published online: 15 July 2010
# American Aging Association 2010
Abstract Falling is a worldwide problem faced by
the elderly, and it has serious consequences. The
elderly falls in the bathroom very often, and this
raises the concern of the connection between the high
incidence of falls in the bathroom and postural control
of putting on shorts. Because little is known about
postural control while putting on shorts of any age
group, this study investigated the effects of age and
surface on postural control while putting on shorts.
Healthy young adults (n=15; age range: 21–27 years)
and the elderly participants (n=15; age range: 63–
78 years) were compared in the temporal–spatial
parameters, movement of center of mass (COM),
and its interactions with center of pressure (COP) and
kinematic measures under two conditions: anti-
slipping mat and tile. The results demonstrated that
the elderly had lengthened cycle time, decreased
single-limb-support ratio, decreased medial–lateral
velocity of COM, decreased relative displacement
between COM and COP, decreased hip abduction–
adduction angle, knee flexion angle, and the height of
foot elevation. The elderly demonstrated a conserva-
tive strategy that may reduce the mechanical load on
the supporting limb but preserve medial–lateral
balance during the task. The adopted strategy may
be relevant to the reduction of muscle strength and
proprioception loss during natural aging process.
Although surface did not affect the motion patterns
of participants while putting on shorts, the slippery
surface should be avoided. Other environmental
modification such as a grab bar and bright illumina-
tion may have advantages in reducing the risk of falls.
Keywords Falling.Puttingonshorts.Slippery.
Falling is a serious problem faced by the older
population because these accidents cause dramatic
injuries and have significant impact in health care
costs (Cali and Kiel 1995; Englander et al. 1996).
Such accidents are most commonly seen in the elderly
DOI 10.1007/s11357-010-9168-2
C.-F. Lin:C.-Y. Chen
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine,
National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan
C.-L. Chang:F.-C. Su (*)
College of Engineering, Motion Analysis Laboratory,
Institute of Biomedical Engineering,
National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan
e-mail: email@example.com
L.-C. Kuo
Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine,
National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan
C.-J. Lin
Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
National Cheng Kung University Medical Center,
Tainan, Taiwan
Page 2
(65 years and older) (Rawsky 1998; Wells and Evans
1996) and are the major cause of death for those older
than 75 years (Baker and Harvey 1985; Rubenstein
and Josephson 2002). Among falls, lateral falling is
one major contributor to femoral fracture in the
elderly and can result in subsequent complications
including daily life dependency (Cumming and
Klineberg 1994; Hayes et al. 1993; Nevitt and
Cummings 1993). About 60% of indoor falls occur
in the bathroom, based on a case series study of 319
patients (Yeh and Chou 2003). The epidemiology of
falls, especially in the bathroom, raises the concern of
why the elderly have falling accidents in the bathroom
so often.
That different balance strategies are adopted by the
young and the elderly in response to postural
perturbation has been suggested (Rogers and Mille
2003). Young adults shift their center of mass (COM)
in the direction opposite to the perturbation and take a
sidestep to increase the base of support (BOS),
whereas the elderly use the unloaded limb to take a
crossover step in the direction of the perturbation to
seek balance (Hahn and Chou 2004). The strategy
used by the elderly, however, fails to retrieve balance
and thus falls laterally. When stepping over an
obstacle, older patients with imbalance show an
increased medial–lateral COM motion positively
correlated with increased medial–lateral range of
motion of the swing foot trajectory (Chou et al.
2003). These workers suggested that increased motion
in the frontal plane is a strategy to increase the BOS
for the next step in older patients with imbalance. The
medial–lateral COM movement is a sensitive mea-
surement for dynamic instability (Hahn and Chou
2003), whereas the center of pressure (COP) is
adjusted consistently to keep the projection of COM
within the BOS (Lyon and Day 1997; Rogers and Pai
1990) and is considered as the neuromuscular
response to COM imbalance (Winter 2005). There-
fore, the relationship between COM and COP, rather
than their individual values, may provide a valuable
means for evaluating the dynamic stability of a
The effect of floor surface on postural control
during walking has been examined. A previous study
reported that subjects show different gait parameters
including step length, required coefficient of friction,
and heel contact velocity on a slippery or dry floor
surface (Lockhart et al. 2007). The subjects with
decreased values of these three parameters have a
reduced likelihood of slipping. In addition, older
subjects exhibit a more conservative pattern (with
decreased cadence, step length, and shoe–floor angle
at heel-strike) on an irregular or wet walking surface
compared with a dry level surface (Menant et al.
2009). The elderly had a greater root mean square and
maximum COP range in the anterior–posterior and
medial–lateral directions in slippery than non-slippery
gait termination (Oates et al. 2005). Furthermore, the
displacement and velocity of COM to BOS became
smaller from heel-strike to contralateral toe-off during
a slipping perturbation (You et al. 2001). Therefore,
subjects adopt a walking strategy that avoids slipping
on a slippery surface. However, it is unclear how the
slippery surface affects the movement pattern while
putting on shorts.
So far, little is known about the postural control of
the elderly during specific indoor functional activities.
Most studies focus on balance during single-limb
standing or obstacle crossing and show significant
differences between young adults and the elderly
(Hahn and Chou 2004) or differences between the
elderly with and without imbalance during obstructed
walking (Chou et al. 2003). Dressing, for example
putting on shorts, requires the ability of weight
shifting, unilateral stability, and movement coordina-
tion. Very few studies have investigated how the
COM and COP changes while dressing and the
mechanisms underlying this task. It is also important
to understand the effect of bathroom floor surface on
the postural control during dressing. Thus, the
purposes of this study were to investigate the effects
of age and surface properties on postural control
while putting on shorts. We hypothesized that the
elderly take longer to complete the dressing task
(cycle time) with a shorter single-limb-support phase
and with smaller COM displacement, velocity, and
relative displacement between COM and COP than
young adults. We also hypothesized that the task
performed on an anti-slipping mat differs from that on
tile in terms of COM displacement, velocity, and
relative displacement between COM and COP.
A group of 15 young adults (9 women, 6 men; age
range: 21–27 years) and a group of 15 elderly
Page 3
participants (9 women, 6 men; age range: 63–
78 years), free from neurological and musculoskeletal
diseases or impairments that would affect daily
activities and balance, participated in the study
(Table 1). The elderly participants were recruited
from local communities, had regular walking exer-
cise, and did not have a history of falling in the past
year. Subjects were excluded from the study if they
had a history of vestibular problems or others that
would affect balance, or if they were currently taking
medication that would affect reaction and alertness.
All subjects read and signed the informed consent
approved by the university institutional review board.
A pair of specially made transparent plastic shorts
designed to avoid concealing markers was given to
subjects (Fig. 1a). Subjects were allowed time to
practice how to put on these shorts, but no further
instructions on the task were given. Subjects were
asked to stand on the surface with each foot placed on
one force plate and then put on the shorts as they
habitually did. Two floor surfaces, a tile and an anti-
slipping mat, were used. Eight 20×20 cm2tiles and
two 30×30 cm2anti-slipping mats were used to create
an environment similar to a bathroom floor. Water
was also spread on the tiles and anti-slipping mats to
mimic usual conditions. The tiles or anti-slipping
mats were securely fastened to the force plates just
before data collection. Subjects performed five suc-
cessful trials for each condition. Mats were placed
around the force plates to protect subjects in case of
falls. The order of the conditions was randomized.
Reflective markers were placed on the front, top,
and back of the head, the seventh cervical vertebra,
midpoint between the posterior superior iliac spines,
and bilaterally on the shoulder acromions, lateral
epicondyle of the humerus, and ulnar and radial
styloid processes, anterior superior iliac spines,
greater trochanters, lateral thighs, lateral knee joint
lines, lateral shanks, lateral malleoli, heels, and
metatarsal bases between the second and third
metatarsals (Fig. 1b) by the same investigator. Each
subject performed five successful trials of putting on
shorts in two surface conditions and rested between
each trial for 30 to 60 s. Two static standing trials
Young adults (n=15)Elderly adults (n=15)P value
Age (years)
Height (m)
Body mass (kg)
23.85 (2.15)
1.63 (0.08)
57.65 (9.64)
68.23 (6.26)
1.59 (0.08)
63.23 (10.03)
Table 1 Mean (SD) of
subjects characteristics
Fig. 1 (a) A pair of
specially made transparent
plastic shorts was designed
to avoid markers conceal-
ment. (b) Subject with
markers and shorts on
Page 4
with an additional four markers were collected before
performing the dynamic trials. These markers were
placed bilaterally on the medial knee joint lines and
medial malleoli. The same person placed the markers
for all subjects.
Three-dimensional (3-D) videographic data were
collected for each subject while putting on shorts. A
videographic acquisition system with eight Eagle
CCD cameras (Motion Analysis Corporation, Santa
Rosa, CA, USA) was used to record the real-time 3-D
trajectories of the reflective markers on the subject at
100 frames per second. Two Type 9281B Kistler force
plates (Kistler Instrument Corp., Winterhur, Switzer-
land) were used to collect the ground reaction force
(GRF) signals at 1,000 samples per second. The
videographic and ground reaction force signals were
recorded using the Motion Analysis videographic and
analog data acquisition system. The videographic and
force plate data collection were time-synchronized to
1,000 Hz using a linear interpolation method.
The raw 3-D coordinates of the markers in each
trial were processed through a GCVSPL (Woltring
1986) with a second-order low-pass filter at cutoff
frequency 6 Hz. The GCVSPL is a FORTRAN
package for generalized, cross-validatory spline
smoothing and differentiation (Woltring 1986). The
markers and estimated joint centers were used to
calculate the 3-D motion of each segment and the
segment COM. Each segment COM was adjusted by
the anthropometric data (Winter 2005). The position
of the whole-body COM was calculated as the
weighted sum of each body segment, a total of 15
segments representing the whole body: head–neck,
trunk, pelvis, bilateral upper arms, forearms, hands,
thighs, shanks, and feet. The point of application of
GRF defines the COP position. The cycle time was
the duration of putting on shorts and was defined as
the time from the initiation of head marker movement
to task completion. Each trial was defined as the
single-limb-support phase (SLS) and the double-limb-
support phase (DLS). The SLS was determined as the
time when the vertical component of ground reaction
force in one force plate became zero. The single-limb-
support ratio was defined as the duration of SLS
divided by the cycle time of the corresponding trial.
All data reduction was completed with a custom-
made algorithm using MATLAB computer program-
ming language version 7.0 (The Mathworks Inc.,
Natick, MA, USA).
The variables of interest were the cycle time, COM
displacement, and COM peak velocity in the medial–
lateral, anterior–posterior, and vertical directions,
relative displacement between COM and COP in the
medial–lateral direction and anterior–posterior direc-
tions during the task. The kinematic parameters of the
trunk and lower extremity (trunk forward lean angle,
trunk side-bending angle, maximal hip flexion angle,
maximal range of hip abduction–adduction motion,
maximal knee flexion angle, and maximal foot
elevation height) were measured to define the
movement patterns during the task. The hip flexion
angle was defined as the flexion angle of the thigh
segment relative to the pelvis segment. The trunk
forward lean angle was defined as the forward flexion
angle of the trunk segment relative to the global
coordinate system. The maximal foot elevation was
determined as the greatest displacement of the heel
marker in the vertical direction.
The independent t-test and descriptive statistics
were used to detect differences in demographic data
between groups. Data from five successful trials of
each subject under each condition were used for
analysis. Two-way analyses of variance was used to
assess differences between age and surface conditions
for the following dependent variables: cycle time;
COM displacement and peak velocity in the vertical,
anterior–posterior, and medial–lateral directions; rela-
tive displacement between COM and COP in the
anterior–posterior and medial–lateral directions;
trunk forward lean angle; trunk side-bending angle;
maximal hip flexion angle; maximal range of hip
abduction–adduction motion; maximal knee flexion
angle; and maximal height of foot elevation. In cases
where a significant interaction of a given dependent
variable was found, one-way analysis of variance was
conducted to determine the significance of differences
between conditions in this variable. A type I error rate
of 0.05 was used as an indication of statistical
significance for each analysis of variance. The power
was greater than 0.8 with 15 subjects. All statistical
analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0 (SPSS for
Windows, Chicago, IL, USA).
No interaction effect between age and surface was
found for all the parameters in this study.
Page 5
Age effect
Age had a main effect on the cycle time (P<0.001),
the COM medial–lateral velocity (P<0.001), the
relative displacement of COM to COP in the
medial–lateral direction (P<0.001), the maximum
range of hip abduction–adduction motion (P<0.01),
knee flexion angle (P<0.05), and the height of foot
elevation (P<0.001). The elderly participants took
significantly longer to complete the task of putting on
shorts but had a shorter SLS in either condition of tile
or anti-slipping mat (P<0.001; Table 2). Young adults
had a greater medial–lateral velocity of COM (P<
0.05, Table 3) and a greater relative displacement of
COM to COP in the medial–lateral direction than
elderly participants (P<0.001; Table 4, Figs. 2, 3
and 4). The elderly participants used a smaller rage of
hip abduction–adduction angle, knee flexion angle,
and height of foot elevation to complete the task
(Fig. 5). No significant difference was found in the
trunk forward lean angle and trunk side-bending angle
between elderly participants and young adults.
Surface effect
Surface had an effect on the vertical velocity of COM
(P<0.05) and the height of foot elevation (P<0.05).
The vertical velocity of COM was greater in the
condition of anti-slipping mat than of tile. A higher
foot elevation occurred with anti-slipping mat than
tile. No significant differences in cycle time and
single-limb-support time ratio was found between tile
and anti-slipping mat (P=0.57, P=0.66). Surface did
not have a significant effect on the relative displace-
ment of COM to COP in the medial–lateral direction
A trend of greater maximum COM displacement
and maximum COM velocity in the medial–lateral
direction than that in the vertical and anterior–
posterior directions for either elderly participants or
young adults was observed (Tables 3 and 5).
This study sought to determine whether age and
surface affect the balance performance and motion
pattern during a dressing task and attempted to
determine why the risk of a fall in the bathroom is
high by analyzing the motion patterns while putting
on shorts. Our findings revealed that age do affect the
postural control and motion patterns during this task,
but the effect of surface on the postural control and
motion patterns is minimal.
Age effect
Putting on shorts is a continuous dynamic motion that
shifts the body from a two-footed base of support to a
single-limb support while the other leg is moved. The
narrow base of support challenges the individual's
ability to maintain balance. Meanwhile, the single-
TileAnti-slipping mat
Young Elderly Young Elderly
Cycle time (s) *
SLS time ratio (%)*
7.17 (1.54)
58.28 (10.23)
11.09 (3.78)
41.19 (13.96)
6.09 (1.43)
55.29 (9.03)
10.54 (3.23)
42.99 (11.72)
Table 2 Mean (SD) of
cycle time and percentage
of single-limb support
*P<0.05, significant main
effect for age
Table 3 Mean (SD) of maximum COM velocity (m/s) in the tile and anti-slipping mat conditions
TileAnti-slipping mat
Med.–Lat.* Ant.–Post. Vertical**Med.–Lat.*Ant.–Post. Vertical**
0.47 (0.08)
0.39 (0.19)
0.10 (0.05)
0.10 (0.06)
0.18 (0.03)
0.20 (0.05)
0.53 (0.30)
0.37 (0.12)
0.11 (0.03)
0.10 (0.04)
0.22 (0.06)
0.23 (0.06)
*P<0.05, significant main effect for age
**P<0.05, significant main effect for surface
Page 6
limb support exposes the hip muscles to a greater
challenge than in a two-footed stance. Elderly
participants are known to show decreased vestibular
function,proprioception,andmuscle strength(Camicioli
et al. 1997; Liang and Cameron Chumlea 1998; Pai et
al. 1997). The decline in physiological functions slows
the movement time in the elderly and exposes them to a
greater risk of falling due to the lack of sufficient
proprioceptive inputs and muscle strength compared
with young adults. A study of 254 women aged 20 to
80 years showed that they could be grouped into stable
or unstable, based on balance tests (eyes closed, eyes
open, standing on firm or soft surface) (Choy et al.
2008). About 35% of the women aged 70 to 80 years
were in the unstable group on the basis of failing all
trials in three of the balance tests. The women
categorized as unstable had weaker hip muscles, greater
joint positioning errors, and higher vibration thresholds
(representing poor peripheral sensory nerve function) as
well as decreased dynamic visual acuity than women in
the stable group. They also found that the unstable
group consisted of a large proportion of elderly
Different movement strategies used in old and
young adults affect balance performance and motion
pattern. The elderly participants used a conservative
strategy to complete the task (Fig. 2a). They flexed
the knee of the supporting limb to lower the COM
and increase stability, then reduced the distance
Table 4 Mean (SD) of maximal relative displacement of COM
to COP (cm) in the tile and anti-slipping mat conditions
TileAnti-slipping mat
Med.–Lat.* Ant.–Post.Med.–Lat.* Ant.–Post.
Elderly 10.00 (3.68) 10.30 (3.98) 13.37 (5.44) 10.82 (2.96)
12.51 (2.25)9.48 (2.26) 14.04 (1.23)8.59 (1.77)
*P<0.001, significant main effect for age
Fig. 2 COM displacement
in the (a) anterior/posterior,
(b) medial/lateral, and (c)
superior/inferior directions
during the task. An example
of one young adult and
one elderly in the tile
Page 7
Fig. 3 COM velocity in the
(a) anterior/posterior, (b)
medial/lateral, and (c)
superior/inferior directions
during the task. An example
of one young adult and
one elderly in the tile
Fig. 4 Relative COM–COP
displacement in the left
single-leg-standing phase in
the (a) anterior–posterior
and (b) medial–lateral
directions during the task.
The positive value indicates
that COM is anterior to
COP (a) or COM is lateral
to COP (b). An example
of one young adult and one
elderly in the tile condition
Page 8
between shorts and floor to shorten the single-limb
stance phase, followed by weight shifting to the
supporting limb and raising the unloaded limb to put
it into the shorts. This movement strategy allowed the
elderly participants to have a lower COM velocity, a
smaller relative displacement between COM and
COP, and a smaller hip motion in the medial–lateral
direction; knee flexion angle and height of foot
elevation were lower, but COM velocity in the
vertical direction was higher. The elderly participants
took time in transferring COM in the medial–lateral
direction to ensure the single-limb stance stability and
therefore lengthened the cycle time. This result to a
degree is consistent with the results of gait analysis in
the elderly showing that they have a shorter single
stance phase than young adults (Shkuratova et al.
2004). A shorter single stance phase means that the
time of a small base of support is shorter, and this
may protect the elderly from an unsafe condition such
as slipping or falling. This lengthened cycle time is
consistent with the finding of Blaszczyk et al. (1997)
in which a "slowness strategy" was found in a cyclic
pull-and-push arm movement.
the medial–lateral direction may be affected by the
reduced muscle strength due to aging. The reduced
musclestrengthinthe elderly(Choyetal.2008; Iverson
et al. 1990; Johnson et al. 2004), especially the hip
abductors, may be a reason why they have a smaller
relative displacement between COM and COP in the
medial–lateral direction than that of the young group
(Hahn and Chou 2004). The smaller relative displace-
ment between COM and COP in the medial–lateral
direction resulted in a stiffer posture being adopted by
the elderly participants to maintain the steadiness of
posture. A smaller relative displacement between COM
and COP indicates a reduction of the mechanical load
on the supporting limb, and this may be explained by
the reduction of muscle strength (Hahn and Chou
2004). In addition, anticipatory postural adjustment
(APA) may affect the relative displacement between
COM and COP. APA is a feed-forward postural
adjustment against anticipated destabilization (Horak
2006; Massion 1992). For example, during forward
stepping, the COM moves toward the supported leg
before the other leg lifts off. This mechanism enables
COM to travel above the base of support successfully
and helps individuals maintain stability during the
weight-transferring span. However, APA has been
reported to be reduced in magnitude and delayed in
onset in elderly participants (Inglin and Woollacott
1988; Woollacott et al. 1988). This may contribute to
the reduced relative displacement between COM and
COP observed in our elderly participants.
Surface effect
The dynamic postural control while putting on shorts
adopted by the participants was similar on the two
surfaces, i.e., the anti-slipping mat did not modify
(a) (b)
Fig. 5 Movement strategies adopted by (a) the elderly
participants and (b) young adults while putting on shorts. The
elderly participants used a conservative strategy to accomplish
the task. The conservative strategy includes knee bending to
lower their trunk and COM, lowering the pants near the ground,
transferring COM slowly, and having a smaller hip flexion
angle of the non-supporting limb. The point of application of
ground reaction force (GRF) defines the COP position
Tile Anti-slipping mat
Med.–Lat. Ant.–Post. VerticalMed.–Lat.Ant.–Post.Vertical
34.97 (5.69)
32.73 (4.43)
9.53 (3.33)
9.85 (3.13)
7.91 (1.76)
8.87 (2.23)
34.46 (5.85)
32.93 (5.88)
8.31 (3.50)
9.66 (2.31)
9.02 (4.00)
10.54 (5.52)
Table 5 Mean (SD) of
COM displacement (cm)
in the tile and anti-slipping
mat conditions
Page 9
participants' movement performance in this task. This
of healthy elderly participants using a sensory organi-
zation test found that the postural sway and balance
strategy in the standing posture are not significantly
different in the conditions of a force plate and a selected
commercial-grade carpet (Dickinson et al. 2002). This
implies that the static balance of the healthy elderly is
not affected by a carpeted surface. However, Fong et
al. (2008) reported that greater toe grip and a gentler
heel-strike was used to accommodate a slippery surface
during walking in their healthy young subjects. The
differences in the previous investigations along with
our current findings suggest that the surface effect on
the postural control may depend on the task.
Although the anti-slipping mat has higher friction
intended to lower the likelihood of slipping, its effect
on the temporospatial parameters was minimal in our
participants. A previous study found that both young
and old subjects adopt a slip avoidance strategy when
walking on different surfaces (Lockhart et al. 2007).
Putting on shorts is a more static task than walking, so
the shear force may not have reached the maximum
static friction on the anti-slipping mat during the
dressing task. This may be one reason why the anti-
slipping material had little effect on the movement
performance of the participants. In addition, subjects
in our study were asked to execute the task in the way
they usually did in the bathroom, but in a laboratory
setting. These subjects might have known the require-
mentofthe taskandthusexecuteditwitha conservative
strategy in the laboratory setting in order to be sure that
the execution of task was correct and safe.
A study investigating the risk factors of falling
demonstrated that an improper environment is the
major cause for falls (Masud and Morris 2001). In a
meta-analysis of institution-dwelling and community-
dwelling old people, 31% of the total falls compiled
from 12 studies resulted from environment-related
accidents (Oakley et al. 1996). Although the partic-
ipants in our study did not present significantly
different motion patterns between anti-slipping mat
and tile conditions, a dry bathroom is still strongly
recommended to avoid slipping. In addition, most
participants reported that they were more confident
when performing the task on the anti-slipping mat,
but it was not necessarily easier. Based on the
findings of this study, psychological confidence may
not be reflected in the motion pattern.
Several limitations need to be acknowledged. The
weight and texture of the plastic transparent shorts
may have been different from the regular shorts
subjects wear. These specially made shorts, however,
provided a way to avoid concealment of marker and
to comprehensively monitor the lower extremity
motion patterns. In addition, subjects performed the
task in a laboratory setting, and this may not reflect
their real performance.
Clinical application
Muscle strengthening of the lower extremities, espe-
cially the hip muscles, and stepping practice in
various directions should be suggested as part of
regular exercise. Environmental modification in the
bathroom should be considered for the elderly. A
grab-bar installed on the wall, bright illumination, and
a bathing chair may be provided as additional support
for the older population. Anti-slipping mats may
enhance fall prevention, but their effect was not
evident from the current findings. Longitudinal
observation on anti-slipping mat use and risk of fall
may shed light on how effective these mats are in fall
prevention. A material that provides friction should be
considered in the bathroom.
Baker SP, Harvey AH (1985) Fall injuries in the elderly. Clin
Geriatr Med 1:501–512
Blaszczyk JW, Lowe DL, Hansen PD (1997) Age-related
differences in performance of stereotype arm movements:
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(Wars) 57:49–57
Cali CM, Kiel DP (1995) An epidemiologic study of fall-
related fractures among institutionalized older people.
J Am Geriatr Soc 43:1336–1340
Camicioli R, Panzer VP, Kaye J (1997) Balance in the healthy
elderly: posturography and clinical assessment. Arch
Neurol 54:976–981
Chou LS, Kaufman KR, Hahn ME, Brey RH (2003) Medio-
lateral motion of the center of mass during obstacle
crossing distinguishes elderly individuals with imbalance.
Gait Posture 18:125–133
Choy NL, Brauer S, Nitz J (2008) Linking stability to
demographics, strength and sensory system function in
women over 40 to support pre-emptive preventive inter-
vention. Climacteric 11:144–154
Cumming RG, Klineberg RJ (1994) Fall frequency and
characteristics and the risk of hip fractures. J Am Geriatr
Soc 42:774–778
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of commercial-grade carpet on postural sway and
balance strategy among older adults. Gerontologist
Englander F, Hodson TJ, Terregrossa RA (1996) Economic
Fong DT, Mao DW, Li JX, Hong Y (2008) Greater toe grip and
gentler heel strike are the strategies to adapt to slippery
surface. J Biomech 41:838–844
Hahn ME, Chou L-S (2003) Can motion of individual body
segments identify dynamic instability in the elderly? Clin
Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 18:737–744
Hahn ME, Chou LS (2004) Age-related reduction in sagittal
plane center of mass motion during obstacle crossing. J
Biomech 37:837–844
(1993) Impact near the hip dominates fracture risk in elderly
Horak FB (2006) Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do
we need to know about neural control of balance to
prevent falls? Age Ageing Suppl 2:ii7–ii11
Inglin B, Woollacott M (1988) Age-related changes in
anticipatory postural adjustments associated with arm
movements. J Gerontol 43:M105–M113
Iverson BD, Gossman MR, Shaddeau SA, Turner ME Jr (1990)
Balance performance, force production, and activity levels
in noninstitutionalized men 60 to 90 years of age. Phys
Ther 70:348–355
Johnson ME, Mille ML, Martinez KM, Crombie G, Rogers
MW (2004) Age-related changes in hip abductor and
adductor joint torques. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85:593–
Liang MT, Cameron Chumlea WM (1998) Balance and
strength of elderly Chinese men and women. J Nutr
Health Aging 2:21–27
Lockhart TE, Spaulding JM, Park SH (2007) Age-related slip
avoidance strategy while walking over a known slippery
floor surface. Gait Posture 26:142–149
Lyon IN, Day BL (1997) Control of frontal plane body motion
in human stepping. Exp Brain Res 115:345–356
Massion J (1992) Movement, posture and equilibrium: interac-
tion and coordination. Prog Neurobiol 38:35–56
Masud T, Morris RO (2001) Epidemiology of falls. Age Ageing
30(Suppl 4):3–7
Menant JC, Steele JR, Menz HB, Munro BJ, Lord SR (2009)
Effects of walking surfaces and footwear on temporo-
spatial gait parameters in young and older people. Gait
Posture 29:392–397
Nevitt MC, Cummings SR (1993) Type of fall and risk of hip
and wrist fractures: the study of osteoporotic fractures. The
Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Am
Geriatr Soc 41:1226–1234
Oakley A, Dawson MF, Holland J, Arnold S, Cryer C, Doyle Y,
Rice J, Hodgson CR, Sowden A, Sheldon T, Fullerton D,
Glenny AM, Eastwood A (1996) Preventing falls and
subsequent injury in older people. Qual Health Care
Oates AR, Patla AE, Frank JS, Greig MA (2005) Control of
dynamic stability during gait termination on a slippery
surface. J Neurophysiol 93:64–70
Pai YC, Rymer WZ, Chang RW, Sharma L (1997) Effect of age
and osteoarthritis on knee proprioception. Arthritis Rheum
Rawsky E (1998) Review of the literature on falls among the
elderly. Image J Nurs Scholarsh 30:47–52
Rogers MW, Mille ML (2003) Lateral stability and falls in
older people. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 31:182–187
Rogers MW, Pai YC (1990) Dynamic transitions in stance
support accompanying leg flexion movements in man.
Exp Brain Res 81:398–402
Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR (2002) The epidemiology of
falls and syncope. Clin Geriatr Med 18:141–158
Shkuratova N, Morris ME, Huxham F (2004) Effects of age on
balance control during walking. Arch Phys Med Rehabil
Wells NM, Evans GW (1996) Home injuries of people over age
65: risk perceptions of the elderly and of those who design
for them. J Environ Psychol 16:247–257
Winter DA (2005) Biomechanics and motor control of human
movement. Wiley, Hoboken
Woltring HJ (1986) A Fortran package for generalized, cross-
validatory spline smoothing and differentiation. Adv Eng
Softw 8:104–113
Woollacott M, Inglin B, Manchester D (1988) Response
preparation and posture control. Neuromuscular changes
in the older adult. Ann NY Acad Sci 515:42–53
Yeh CB, Chou MC (2003) Epidemiological analysis of falls:
case series study of 319 patients from hospital Database.
Taiwan Crit Care Med 5:96–109
You JY, Chou YL, Lin CJ, Su FC (2001) Effect of slip on
movement of body center of mass relative to base of
support. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 16:167–173


text:
EVTN Announces New Multi-Voraxial Order For Oil Field Application; System To Be Installed On FPSO
FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla., Jan. 25, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Enviro Voraxial Technology, Inc. (OTCBB: EVTN) announced today that it has received a purchase order for multiple Voraxial® Separators for an offshore Produced Water application in South America. This order is from a joint venture company of the same South American National Oil Company that recently purchased multiple Voraxial Separators for its onshore production facility. EVTN believes there is a high potential for multiple repeat orders over the next several years.
The South American National Oil Company currently processes several hundred thousand barrels of wastewater per day. This sale further extends the use of the Voraxial to both its onshore and offshore facilities for the critical process of separating oil and sand from its produced water. The Voraxial Separators will be used on the customers FPSO (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading). This follow-on sale is the first since the initial order from the parent company 2 months ago. The system will be shipped in first quarter 2011.
"The Voraxial offers the separation industry a very cost efficient method of processing and treating wastewater. With limited space and fluid pressure, many operators are looking for a simpler solution than what is currently available in the market. The ability to treat a high volume with no pressure drop requirement and small footprint is a great selling point. Add the ease of installation and operation, energy efficiency, low maintenance and down time, the Voraxial becomes very compelling and attractive to operators," stated John A. DiBella, COO of EVTN.
For this purchase order, the Voraxial® Separators are assembled into a compact automated system consisting of a Voraxial 4000 and a Voraxial 2000 Separator, turbidity meters, flow meters and oil in water analyzers. The compactness of the Voraxial allows for complete turnkey systems to be supplied to reduce cost and increase separation efficiencies. The system is designed to remove both oil and sand from the Produced Water at rates of up to 15,000 barrels per day so that the customer can meet the required specifications to discharge the water.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Find a Contact
Juan Díaz-Laviada joined Advent International in 2002 and is Chairman of the firm's Spanish operations. He has 26 years of private equity and M&A experience. Juan was previously a founding partner and Managing Director of Dresdner Kleinwort Capital Spain, where he worked with Advent through a joint venture from 1996 to 2002.
Prior to DrKC, Juan was a co-founder of Iberfomento, an independent Spanish M&A and private equity firm, and before that worked as a manager in the audit and consulting practice of Arthur Andersen.
Juan has a degree in law and business administration (ICADE), an MBA from Keller School of Management, Chicago and is a chartered accountant.
Throughout his career, Juan has led or co-led 44 investments, including such deals as Maxam, Tinsa, Hune (formerly Euroloc) and Parques Reunidos while at Advent and Alcala Farma, Jazztel and Alta Gestion while at DrKC.
Juan sits on the board of Tinsa and Maxam
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Lifestyle Ways to beat the heat at work
With the temperatures continuing to soar, find out the best ways to manage heat-related illnesses.
Lifestyle David Hudson's life well travelled
Musician and artist David Hudson talks about his life and why he takes his cultural heritage seriously.
Demographics Material girls shock
A NEW survey has found that men and women like to spend their money on the same things.
Tourism 'Make Cairns barra capital'
THE prized barramundi is being touted as the next big thing for Far North tourism expansion.
Top chefs serve up Paleo lessons
CELEBRITY chefs Pete Evans and Luke Hines will hold paleo cooking classes in Cairns as part of a tour of Australia and New Zealand.
Mansion makes world headlines
A SPRAWLING multi-million dollar mansion at Kewarra Beach has made international headlines.
Real estate GFC gets blame as housing takes hit
A PROPERTY expert says that a quarter of residential properties in Cairns sold for a loss cannot be blamed on the mining downturn.
Real Estate Action call on 'three Ps'
TROPICAL north unit owners are being urged to have their say on new laws that could crackdown on issues that cause daily headaches.
This beauty may set sail for Cairns
A NEW ultra-luxury boutique cruise ship to be launched late next year has Cairns on its radar.
Opening minds to India
A TRAVEL expert is urging the tourism industry to embrace India after taking part in a large overseas trade mission with only two other tourism representatives.
Hunting for paradise
TEN travellers will visit Tropical North Queensland next month to help promote local tourism.
Tourism app launch a shore thing
A NEW app will guide cruise ship passengers to attractions when they arrive at Port Douglas.
Why more men are getting circumcised
MORE and more men are opting to get circumcised — and it's not just for religious or medical reasons.
Table talk: Did this kid just cure cancer?
A YOUNG girl may have accidentally come up with a cure for cancer while talking to her parents over the dinner table. Her scientist parents put her theory to the test.
Young mum left stunned by note
A STRANGER has handed money and a note to a young mum on a train, describing her mothering skills as a "credit to her generation".
Site first to rise high in suburb
IN A boost for Brisbane's south-western suburbs, Oxley's first mixed use, multi-level apartment project could be just 12 months away from reality.
How we're spending our Saturdays
MORE and more Queenslanders are turning up to these events on the weekend - and not even the state election is likely to dampen enthusiasm.
Homebuyers thinking inside the box
WITH the cost of real estate on the rise, savvy Sydney homebuilders are increasingly taking a more unorthodox approach to their dream pad — by turning industrial shipping containers into homes.
The 'other' stopovers
LOOK beyond Singapore and Bangkok — here are six alternative stopover cities on the way to Europe.
This is the beast of the skies
YOU haven't seen a true "jumbo jet" until you've laid eyes on this beauty. Built back in the 80s, this is the biggest plane to ever take to the skies. And it's one-of-a-kind.
'Her pants were around her ankles'
A FLIGHT attendant has given a graphic account of a mile-high sexual encounter between two passengers on an Air Canada plane.
Baby used to commit polling booth theft
FOLLOW IT LIVE: A thief has used a baby as a distraction to steal a wad of cash from a coffee cart at a popular Brisbane polling booth.
Excitement building over super nova
QUEENSLAND construction giant Hutchinson Builders are expecting to start work on the first stage of the $400 million Nova 8 residential and commercial tower project in Cairns tomorrow (FRI).
Unique books burnt in Moscow fire
A MOSCOW academic library - home to 14 million historic books - has partially burnt to the ground in an intense blaze.
Uke fest strings together best of laid-back vibes
WITH its tropical lifestyle and strong music culture, it's little wonder Cairns has embraced the laid-back sounds of the ukulele with enthusiasm.
LIVE RUGBY: Reds v Rebels
FOLLOW the action between the Queensland Reds and Melbourne Rebels in a live blog from 7.30pm.
Ways to beat the heat at work
With the temperatures continuing to soar, find out the best ways to manage heat-related illnesses.


text:
Sat, Apr 12, 14 at 10:07
My snapdragons have stopped growing. Three and a half weeks and still no true leaves. I have enclosed pics. The ones in the egg cartons and peat pots I put in two weeks ago, and they actually look healthier. I still have no true leaves on the trays and they look like they will not support any, to wispy. My ? is should I just scrap them and try again or should I give them another week or so. I think someone said snaps require patience, but still.... |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by SouthCountryGuy SE BC 5 (My Page) on Mon, Apr 14, 14 at 22:36
Again, cross posted with a reply. Moving down. |
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text:
I did the same type of thread for Gears of War 3. _________________________________________________________________________________________ - Damon Baird is the main character. - The squad you play as is called "Kilo Squad," and is made up of Damon Baird, Augustus Cole, Garron Paduk, and Sophia Hendricks - The story takes place on E-Day. - There's 2 new characters and they're both members of Kilo Squad; Garron Paduk and Sophia Hendricks _________________________________________________________________________________________ Garron Paduk: A Militia refuge from the "Union of Independent Republics." Garron comes from the other side of the "Pendulum Wars." He brings a new perspective and brush personality to Kilo Squad. Garron is the devil on Baird's shoulder that says, "Let's blow stuff up!" Sophia Hendricks: A cadet from the Onyx Guard Academy, she is more in line with colonel loomis by the book approach to combat. E-Day halted her path to graduation from the academy, but she is still worth the soldier. She is the opposite of Garron, ready to suggest informing superior officers of every deviation from protocol. ______________________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLAYER INFO: It's class based, Locust classes wretches, tickers, kantus , Grenadier mauler blood mounts, corpses and serapedes. Cog classes are as follows. Baird-engineer=Weapons: gnasher and blowtorch,Special abilities: sentry turret, tip: blowtorch repairs damaged fortifications Cole-Soldier= lancer and boomshot, deploy ammo crates, toss amo to engineer to give him infinite blowtorch ammo sofia- medic= lancer and snub pistol, stim gas gernade, toss gernade at downed allies to revive them garron-scout= longshot and snub, beacon gernade, climb perches for better sniping leverage And of ourse overrun mode - cog vs locust. similar to DOTA or Team Fortress or at least takes a mod from. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARTICLES/SOURCES: -All of the info is from July's GameInformer magazine. GAMEINFORMER WEBSITE: http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/...ust-cover-story-is-the-next-gears-of-war.aspx
hmm, not sure about this class thing, hopefully they pull it off. I gotta say I didn't see this coming, I thought it would be Adam phoenix in cuffs lol.
The GameInformer article only mentions the classes to be in Overrun, which is a mixture of Horde and Beast. The biggest speculation right now is that "Judgment" will be like ODST and come with 2 discs. Disc 1 - Campaign for "Judgment" and Overrun Multiplayer Disc 2 - Gears of War 3 Multiplayer I would them much rather do this, than to totally rebuild the PvP multiplayer from the ground up and make it a class-based online shooter.
Overrun is a merge of Horde Mode and Beast Mode. It's a whole new multiplayer experience that, going by assumptions of the merge, that has never really been done before.
I don't play the countless games of shooting russians tho well I used to and I also used to shoot locust it's old now
atm, Ghost Recon and Max Payne 3, but I don't play games much anymore, but I have played lots and lots of games
very interesting! thanks for posting this info. i dont usualy read game informer or look at its site. so....class based mode you say. like team fortress you say... count me in! SHAMELESS PLUG!!!! -----> check out my youtube channel. im going to be making more vids soon. just got my hdpvr working again! www.youtube.com/grizzlygoesrawr
I'm intrigued. It's definitely not a full fledged title this soon, so an ODST-esque game sounds about right.
Yeah I agree. Plus, they could keep the GoW3 MP going strong with support from both Epic and People Can Fly.
Epic said they weren't making anymore gears dlc with Judgment coming out, soooooo, there goes the support
interesting indeed. while i have taken a break from gears, once this comes out ill def. jump back in. and the way the classes look, it seems much like battlefield with the medic engineer support and assault. regardless i cant wait! also just a small prediction but in the last picture you see on the left, they are holding a sword so i wonder if that would be a new weapon of some sort.
Is it just me or does neither of the Baird and Cole silhouettes agree with the original teaser cover? Or am I just seeing things?
They're still going to do Weekend Events, Title Updates, tweaks, XP Event, etc. That's just a statue, but it could play some significance.
On another note idk where everyone is getting this idea of a halo odst idea, this seems like judgement is it's own game.
It looks awesome, I just hope People can fly will keep the same level of polish gears is known for... I REALLY don't want this to be a Operation raccoon city type deal.
People Can Fly is a really good company too. There wasn't really anything wrong with Bulletstorm from a technical standpoint, so polish isn't something to be worried about.
although they didn't reveal much today, im still stoked for the game. also that new shirt i must have! *chicks dig the baird*
OVERRUN GAMEPLAY Rod Fergusson also said that "Judgment" is the 4th installment in the Gears of War SAGA. 2 more Gears of War games pretty much confirmed. Rod Fergusson also said that there will be many more multiplayer gamemodes than just Overrun. It's sounding like a full game, and not an ODST-esque game.
That overrun looks fantastic. Holy crap there's even leaked campaign stuff, watch at your own risk lol
The first image I saw a few days ago and the 2nd image looks like a screenshot from the trailer. Doesn't really reveal too much.
I know people can fly is a good Dev I loved Bulletstorm Its just making a great FPS and making a great TPS is different... Also did that Longshot have a 4 round clip?!?!?!?!
People Can Fly is making Gears of War: Judgment, People Can Fly just has some kind of INVOLVEMENT. It's still Epic's baby, through and through. The 4 round clip Longshot is ONLY in Overrun.
The Campaign is what I'm mainly excited for. Cliffy B said that it's going to be a really hard campaign. He said that he's playing on Hardcore and he's died a whole bunch.
I'm not a graphics whore or anything but I couldn't help to notice they didn't do a god damn thing to change the character models, the scenery and the lighting.... I think it would make more sense to make this a DLC like they did with Shadow of Raam but hey thats me.
Nope. The only thing known about Fortnite is still the teaser trailer that was shown at the Spike VGA's last year. Which is a real shame too because I think it had lots of potential. However, with Epic hiring around 100 employees from Big Huge Games and opening up the studio "Epic Baltimore," I am speculating that the first project for Epic Baltimore will indeed be - Fortnite.
That sounds awesome... I agree about fortnight having loads of potential it just needs to be a Minecraft that focuses solely on survival, defensive structures, weapons, etc...


text:
We have a number of useful downloads to help you on your way with CREST at ALL award levels.
From project ideas you can pick up and run with to guidance documents and reports.
If you are unsure about anything, or need specific guidance please do contact your CREST Local Coordinator [1] more for details, or get in touch with us at Head Office [2].
CREST Star activities (Star, SuperStar and MegaStar levels) [3]
Free sample project ideas from the emensly popular CREST Star activity packs.
CREST Awards project resources (Discovery, Bronze, Silver and Gold) [4]
Easy to use Pick up and Run projects and a wide variety of project ideas to stimulate discussion.
Support and guidance information [5]
Information sheets, guides and forms to help you engage with the CREST Award scheme.
Flyers and reports [6]
Marketing flyers for you to put around your school and reports about the scheme.
You can also get involved with CREST through a large variety of Accredited schemes [7] providing you with a wide range of project possibilities.


text:
Order isomorphism
In the mathematical field of order theory an order isomorphism is a special kind of monotone function that constitutes a suitable notion of isomorphism for partially ordered sets (posets). Whenever two posets are order isomorphic, they can be considered to be "essentially the same" in the sense that one of the orders can be obtained from the other just by renaming of elements. Two strictly weaker notions that relate to order isomorphisms are order embeddings and Galois connections.[1]
Formally, given two posets and , an order isomorphism from to is a bijective function from to with the property that, for every and in , if and only if . That is, it is a bijective order-embedding.[2]
It is also possible to define an order isomorphism to be a surjective order-embedding. The two assumptions that cover all the elements of and that it preserve orderings, are enough to ensure that is also one-to-one, for if then (by the assumption that preserves the order) it would follow that and , implying by the definition of a partial order that .
Yet another characterization of order isomorphisms is that they are exactly the monotone bijections that have a monotone inverse.[3]
An order isomorphism from a partially ordered set to itself is called an order automorphism.[4]
- The identity function on any partially ordered set is always an order automorphism.
- Negation is an order isomorphism from to (where is the set of real numbers and denotes the usual numerical comparison), since −x ≥ −y if and only if x ≤ y.[5]
- The open interval (again, ordered numerically) does not have an order isomorphism to or from the closed interval : the closed interval has a least element, but the open interval does not, and order isomorphisms must preserve the existence of least elements.[6]
Order types[edit]
If is an order isomorphism, then so is its inverse function. Also, if is an order isomorphism from to and is an order isomorphism from to , then the function composition of and is itself an order isomorphism, from to .[7]
Two partially ordered sets are said to be order isomorphic when there exists an order isomorphism from one to the other.[8] Identity functions, function inverses, and compositions of functions correspond, respectively, to the three defining characteristics of an equivalence relation: reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity. Therefore, order isomorphism is an equivalence relation. The class of partially ordered sets can be partitioned by it into equivalence classes, families of partially ordered sets that are all isomorphic to each other. These equivalence classes are called order types.
See also[edit]
- Permutation pattern, a permutation that is order-isomorphic to a subsequence of another permutation
- ^ Block (2011); Ciesielski (1997).
- ^ This is the definition used by Ciesielski (1997). For Bloch (2011) and Schröder (2003) it is a consequence of a different definition.
- ^ This is the definition used by Bloch (2011) and Schröder (2003).
- ^ Schröder (2003), p. 13.
- ^ See example 4 of Ciesielski (1997), p. 39., for a similar example with integers in place of real numbers.
- ^ Ciesielski (1997), example 1, p. 39.
- ^ Ciesielski (1997); Schröder (2003).
- ^ Ciesielski (1997).
- Bloch, Ethan D. (2011), Proofs and Fundamentals: A First Course in Abstract Mathematics, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics (2nd ed.), Springer, pp. 276–277, ISBN 9781441971265.
- Ciesielski, Krzysztof (1997), Set Theory for the Working Mathematician, London Mathematical Society Student Texts 39, Cambridge University Press, pp. 38–39, ISBN 9780521594653.
- Schröder, Bernd Siegfried Walter (2003), Ordered Sets: An Introduction, Springer, p. 11, ISBN 9780817641283.


text:
Happy National Pet Day! In honor of this momentous holiday, author Anna David — her Kindle single, Animal Attraction (about being a crazy cat lady), is a must-read — has penned this list of 20 reasons why sharing a bed with a cat is better than sharing it with a man.
1. No inappropriate confessions/dirty talk if they've had too much to drink.
2. No possibility their cell phones will ring and wake you up.
3. Bored senseless by Internet porn; thus not dying to give you the money shot. Keep reading »


text: Kim M et al. – NK cells stimulated by TLR2–activating HSV Ags can present Ag alone or augment the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and perhaps in herpetic lesions or draining lymph nodes. In addition to DCs, NK cells should be considered as targets for adjuvants during HSV vaccine development.


text:
Wed, May 28, 14 at 14:35
I have a Zeiss Ikon Ikonta camera whose case is leather, I think. It is vintage 30's or 4o's and has a bit of mold or mildew on it. What is the safe way to clean this? |
Follow-Up Postings:
Maybe the link below can help. Its for saddles and tack, but should work for most leather items. |
Here is a link that might be useful: Cleaning moldy saddles
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Dr. Hector G. Cardenas, MD
Internal Medicine, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group
- 5525 Grossmont Center Dr
La Mesa, CA 91942 - 1 Office Location
- (858) 499-2711
Dr. Hector G. Cardenas graduated from the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine in 1995. He works in La Mesa, CA and specializes in Internal Medicine. Dr. Cardenas is affiliated with Sharp Mesa Vista Hospital and Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center. He speaks Chinese, English, French, Korean, Spanish and Vietnamese.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 20 Years
Languages Spoken: Chinese, English, French, Korean, Spanish, Vietnamese
Medical School: University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1995
Hospital Affiliations: Sharp Mesa Vista Hospital, Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center
Specialties: Internal Medicine


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Altuzarra Runway 2012 Fall
Altuzarra Fall 2012
>> "I just wanted to do things that women want to wear, to figure out how to make clothes that look rich but feel easy," Joseph Altuzarra said before his Fall 2012 show. Sounds simple enough, but there was a lot of depth here: the designer culled influences from Morocco, India, and the '60s-era Italian comic-book hero Corto Maltese — and it all melded together beautifully. Silk, jodhpur-shaped cargo pants — some lavishly printed — were tucked into slick, thigh-high boots and topped with Mongolian-fur vests; wrapped dresses and blouses were embroidered with dangling rows of coins; and — for those who prefer not to jingle — there were thickly knit intarsias patterned in Berber motifs.
The designer also injected a nice bit of structure into the mix, and so — for every tapestry print or bit of fringe — there was also a well-tailored naval coat, a strict-collared shirt, or a sharp black sheath. "It was really about mixing it," he explained.
Fashion Week
- Say goodbye to the affordable Kate Spade shop — The Cut
- And the next face of Chanel is . . . — Style.com
- Joe Zee is the king of fashion, but it's not all fun and games — HuffPost Style
- Now you can get your hands on Shay Mitchell's jewelry — SheFinds
- Currently coveting: all of Victoria Beckham's must haves — Who What Wear
- You have to see Sarah Jessica Parker's latest shoe collection — InStyle
- Is there any hope for Coach? — Fashionista
- Dov Charney just can't let American Apparel go — Racked
- Put down the basic blazer — your work wardrobe, revamped — Lucky


text:
Oct. 6 (Bloomberg) -- Agco Corp. said it's in talks to buy a manufacturer of sugar-cane harvesters in Brazil as it expands in the South American nation, the world's top sugar producer.
Agco, the world's third-largest farm-equipment maker, will likely reach an accord next month, Chief Executive Officer Martin Richenhagen said yesterday in an interview, declining to identify the acquisition target. The company would be absorbed by Agco's Valtra brand, he said.
"The deal should be closed within four to six weeks," Richenhagen said at Bloomberg's Sao Paulo office. The target company "has a more comprehensive product line than we have today and our development and their existing products are a very good fit."
Duluth, Georgia-based Agco is looking to acquire companies that will expands its products and geographic reach. A deal in Brazil would follow the company's announcement earlier this week that it will buy GSI Holdings Corp. from closely held Centerbridge Partners LP for $940 million.
"Today they do about 10 percent of their sales in Brazil only, and we think they can do much better because the market demand is very high," Richenhagen said about GSI.
Richenhagen said the company is also developing its own sugar-cane harvester, which it will introduce by the end of next year.
For more news and information: News about Agco: AGCO US <Equity> CN BN <GO> Top commodity stories: TOP CMD <GO> Capital structure: AGCO US <Equity> CAST <GO> Financial analysis: AGCO US <Equity> FA <GO>
--Editors: Jessica Brice, Robin Saponar
To contact the reporter on this story: Jose Sergio Osse in Sao Paulo at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Helder Marinho at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Torrey Joel Devitto (born June 8, 1984) is an American actress, former fashion model and musician. She is best known for her role as Psycho Nanny Carrie on One Tree Hill, Melissa Hastings on the ABC Family series Pretty Little Liars, as Maggie Hall on Army Wives and as Meredeth Fell on The Vampire Diaries.
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The Get with Morgan FogartyBonus Web Exclusive: Luke Kuechly on The GetOnly on the web, Luke Kuechly talks with Morgan Fogarty about how he stays humble, what he thinks about his nickname campaign, and more... The Get with Morgan Fogarty: Luke KuechlyHe has taken the NFL by storm. Voted one of the defensive captains by his teammates after only two years in the league. And, his heartthrob status doesn't hurt, either. Bonus Web Exclusive: Sheriff Chipp Bailey on The GetOnly on the web, Sheriff Chipp Bailey talks about his most memorable cases, Patrick Cannon, and more. The Get: Mecklenburg Co. Sheriff Chipp Bailey41 years in law enforcement and he says now is the time to call it a career. He's led the largest sheriff's office in the Carolinas and he led it during the department's most tenuous time. Bonus Web Exclusive: UNC Chancellor Carol Folt on The GetOnly on the web, UNC Chapel Hill Chancellor Carol Folt talks to WCCB News @ Ten anchor Morgan Fogarty about why non-student athletes were steered into the fake classes and more. The Get: UNC Chancellor Carol FoltThe NCAA could announce sanctions against the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill any day now for its massive academic fraud scandal. The woman tasked with putting the university back on track talked with WCCB News @ Ten anchor Morgan Fogarty about what's next. Bonus Web Exclusive: Dale Earnhardt, Jr. on The GetOnly on the web, Dale Earnhardt, Jr. opens up in our exclusive interview about what he would tell his 25-year-old self now, and whether or not he thinks his dad would have joined Twitter. The Get: Dale Earnhardt, Jr.NASCAR's most popular driver says he is peaking professionally and perhaps personally. He talks about his dad, his girlfriend and whether he'd give up some popularity for some more wins. Sandy Hook Parent Turns to Charlotte for HelpMichele Gay now advocates for safer schools and she's getting support from some major local leaders. The Get with Morgan Fogarty: Ryan KalilPlayers joke that the NFL stands for the "not for long league." Ryan Kalil has played his entire pro career for the Panthers. He talks in depth about growing up in a football family, why that newspaper ad wasn't meant for fans and more. Bonus Footage from The Get with Morgan Fogarty: Ryan KalilCarolina Panther Ryan Kalil talks with Morgan Fogarty about life after football and why social media can be bad for professional athletes. The Get with Morgan Fogarty: Andrew MurrayThe Mecklenburg District Attorney's office is responsible for putting away Char-Meck's most notorious criminals. It is not a job without danger. Jeremy Mayfield Talks About Dog AttackThe Mayfields talked with WCCB's Morgan Fogarty in detail about claims by a postal worker that their dogs attacked her on the Mayfield's property. The Get: Jeremy & Shana MayfieldMost everybody has an opinion about Jeremy Mayfield. The ex-NASCAR driver's and his wife want you to know that there's more to their story. The Get: George LaughrunWe take an in depth look at the man behind some of the most notorious court cases in Charlotte and who he credits with helping him succeed. |
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The Gaeltacht district of Gweedore (Gaoth Dobhair) is a loose agglomeration of small townships scattered between the N56 road and the coast. It's the most densely populated rural area in Europe, and the largest Gaelic-speaking parish in Ireland, a heartland of traditional Irish music and culture, and birthplace of Celtic bands and musicians such as Altan, Enya and Clannad.
The area is dotted with cosy pubs where the sound of fiddle, flute and penny whistle comes tumbling out of the doors and windows; ask about what's on at your accommodation, or any tourist office. Leo's Tavern has the most famous pedigree, while the bar at Teaċ Hiudái Beag is noted for its Monday- and Friday-night music sessions.
Although the scenery is wild and windswept, large parts of the coastal area have been overrun by holiday homes. Consequently, the 'villages' of Derrybeg (Doirí Beaga) and Bunbeg (Bun Beag) virtually blend into each other along the R257, and the sprawl continues north to the spectacular headland of Bloody Foreland (named for the crimson colour of the rocks at sunset).
It's a place best explored by bike, following narrow dead-end roads down to secluded coves and beaches. Away from the coast, dozens of small fishing lakes break up the bleak but beautiful landscape. If you're driving, the N56 heading east out of Gweedore is particularly scenic.


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doubles: homemade redscale and negative
This photo was shot on film. Taken by why-yu with a Lomo Smena 8M loaded with Fuji Superia 400 (35mm) film in Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation. These tags describe this photo: redscale, negative, doubles, and scooter. Date: 2011-10. This photo can also be found in the album red+negative / smena 8M.Please login to get more out of this site
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Quick View Playdoh Single Can by Hasbro In stock online $1.50 Open this can of PLAY-DOH modeling compound and unleash the power of your imagination! The sky's the limit as you create colourful animals, shapes, flowers, people or anything else you can dream up. For ages 2+. Colour may vary and will be chosen at random at time of shipping. See Details $1.50 was $1.50
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The Global Intelligence Files,
files released so far...
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The Global Intelligence Files
On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.
Re: [EastAsia] China Deals
Released on 2012-10-18 17:00 GMT
Email-ID | 1098978 |
Date | 2011-01-19 20:21:13 |
From | email@example.com |
To | email@example.com |
List-Name | firstname.lastname@example.com |
not necessarily all that unique, and may reflect more about the bad 2009
US export growth reveals re-balancing in global markets
Thursday, 28 October 2010
Edward Gresser
Published in the UAE-based THE NATIONAL on Oct. 28, 2010.Edward Gresser
served as a policy adviser on trade in the Clinton administration and is
now director of trade and global markets at the Democratic Leadership
Council in Washington, DC.
A few large industry clusters - health technologies and medical services,
energy and environmental industries, information and media - are likely to
drive much of the next decade's growth in trade.
In Asia alone, 150 million people will retire over the next decade and
tens of millions more will start college. Old and young will be massive
buyers of everything from advanced medical services to online
entertainment. Asian governments are investing billions in
telecommunications, energy, power grids and hospitals.
All of this comes at a time when, for a durable recovery, America requires
new sources of growth. There's no easy ways at home; exports are the only
Since the Second World War, U.S. exports have doubled about every 10
years, growing at about 8.3 per cent each year. To double that in five
years, as the Obama administration hopes, would require businesses and
farmers to raise this growth rate above 15 per cent annually, keeping it
there until 2014. Can the U.S. double the 1.7 million cars, 300 civilian
airplanes, 540 million kilos of almonds, 25 million kilos of lobster,
9,900 electrocardiograph machines, and $20 billion worth of semiconductors
it sent to the rest of the world last year? That's a tall order.
One way to examine how the U.S. is doing is to examine container flows.
The Port of Los Angeles in recent years has unloaded an ever-rising amount
of cargo from Asia, returning many empty containers across the Pacific
Ocean. This year that trend has been reversed: each month, the port ships
18,000 more filled containers to Asia than it receives.
America's long-suffering automakers shipped 56,000 cars to Shanghai,
Beijing and other wealthy Asian cities in the first half of this year - up
six-fold from last year's 9,000. Cotton exports to China have doubled,
medical equipment jumped from $400 million to $500 million. Shipments of
circuits, paper, and artificial limbs show the same trends. Should this
year's pace keep up - even with anxious debates over currency rates and
trade balances - U.S. exports to China will double not in five years but
in a little more than two.
China is not a unique case. American exports to Singapore, Thailand,
Indonesia and Malaysia are rising more quickly, up by 40 per cent each.
Demand for U.S. goods in Brazil and Colombia is growing just as fast, and
in South Korea and Taiwan even faster. Even with a slow year selling to
crisis-stricken Europe, U.S. exports are up by 18 per cent there this
year, well above the rate needed to double in five years, and almost
enough to double in four.
Some of this year's U.S. export growth - in particular the rising sales to
China, Brazil and ASEAN - probably reflects acquisition of new customers
as the world economy grows. But some, especially jumps to Canada, Japan
and Mexico, are the results of cyclical effects that are likely to
diminish in the next year or so. This year's jump is in part a natural
rebound from a bad 2009, when a 15 per cent drop in exports marked the
sharpest fall in U.S. trade since the 1930s. A low dollar value against
other major currencies such as the euro and yen also makes American
exports cheaper in most world markets and this trend may continue.
To keep up the pace, however, the U.S. must work harder to open more
markets. A long-overdue look at the antiquated American embargo in Cuba
and work with foreign partners to approve three improved free-trade
agreements with South Korea, Panama and Colombia will help. The U.S. and
the global economy would also benefit from pushing ahead with modernising
export-control laws and reducing the complex bureaucracy that deters
exports of less-sensitive American dual-use technologies.
But the current U.S. administration still needs to think bigger and
reshape the trade strategy inherited from its predecessors. Over the last
decade, beginning in the Clinton administration's last months and
throughout the Bush era, the U.S. trade agenda centred on free-trade
agreement relationships. The programme aroused emotion, but remains too
small for the export growth the administration wants. All 14 FTA
relationships concluded since 2000 combined cover about 5 per cent of U.S.
trade - not nearly enough to double exports. For that, negotiators must go
where the money is.
A few big economies - China, Japan, Mexico, Canada and the European Union
- account for most of American trade, buying about 65 per cent of U.S.
exports. Together with a few big middle-income countries like Brazil,
Korea, India and Russia, these largest trading partners need to return to
the centre of policy.
Trade policy, using the World Trade Organisation's Doha Round or a series
of sectoral agreements among the big countries, should direct some
spending to U.S. technologies and services. Regional initiatives can
complement this spending. Japanese interest in a nascent set of talks
known as the "Trans-Pacific Partnership" is a sign, but should not be the
centre of policy.
Such an agenda is a challenge to negotiate abroad and pass at home when
the American public is - not at all unreasonably - worried about job
Asian consumers must do more spending and American families more saving.
But that is only part of the equation. The U.S. must continue to look
abroad, tapping foreign demand through exports, for the best chance to
restore growth and reduce unemployment. Meshed with education reform and
support for scientific research, trade is the way to rebuild confidence in
America's competitiveness.
On Jan 19, 2011, at 1:17 PM, Zhixing Zhang wrote:
Export total: 1,170,932 million
To China:81,758 million (6.98%)
To EU: 217,627 million (18.59%)
To North America: 303,234 million (25.9%)
Export total: 967,801 million
To China: 61,172 million (6.32%)
To EU: 201,628 million (20.8%)
To North America: 303,234 million (31.33%)
to China itself, in the period of Jan.-Nov. export grew by 33.65% from
2009 to 2010.
On 1/19/2011 12:54 PM, Zhixing Zhang wrote:
2009 Export total: 1068499.1 million;
to China: 69496.7 million rank:3 (6.5%)
to EU: 220599.3 million (20.6%)
to ASEAN: 53778.6 million (5.0%)
to NAFTA: 200057.3 (18.72%)
On 1/19/2011 12:28 PM, Rodger Baker wrote:
need to look at the overall balance of trade between the two and
with the rest of the world.
On Jan 19, 2011, at 12:24 PM, Matt Gertken wrote:
2010 to china are est at about $100 billion
will need to look up EU
Connor will get these, he's on some other stats as well
On 1/19/2011 12:22 PM, Rodger Baker wrote:
Question - what are US exports to China valued at in 2010. What
are US exports to the EU valued at for the same year?
(can take 2009 if 10 isnt available).
On Jan 19, 2011, at 12:00 PM, Connor Brennan wrote:
A few more
Connor Brennan wrote:
*Total 45b (export?):
**19b - 200 Boeing Aircraft*
25b - spread over 70 contracts and 12 states, covering
everything from agriculture and computers to
telecommunications, auto parts, software chemicals and other
*7.5b - Alcoa clean-energy and smelting projects*
*?? - Caterpillar Inc.*
Chairman and Chief Executive Dan Ustian expects to meet
with members of the Chinese delegation to present the
company's case for a joint venture with Anhui Jianghuai
Automobile Co.(600418.SH), or JAC. Navistar announced plans
to collaborate with JAC more than a year ago. But production
remains on hold until the Chinese government signs off on
Navistar's plans with JAC to build diesel engines and
assemble and sell medium and heavy-duty trucks under a
subsidiary with construction-equipment maker Caterpillar
Inc. (CAT) known as NC2 Global LLC.
*1b - UPC management*
_*Cummins Hybrid Bus Development and Commercialization*_:
Cummins, Inc (Cummins; Columbus, Indiana) and Zhengzhou Yutong
Bus Compay, (Yutong; Zhengzhou, China) ( Cummins estimates a
potential for over $500 million in annual sales)
*400m - Navistar Inc.-- JAC Truck and Engine Joint Ventures*
*4b - General Electric Co.*
1.4b - rail deal
2b - General Electric-AVIC Avionics Joint Venture
?? - Huadian Joint Collaboration Agreement on
Decentralized Energy Combined Heat and Power Projects
?? - General Electric-Shenhua Gasification Joint Venture
*3b - **Honeywell*
*35m - **Westinghouse Electric, a unit of Toshiba Corp
*600m - Texas*
two cotton import agreements, one on import of CKD kits,
one on "development and application of efficient crystalline
silicon solar cells and photovoltaic generation system" and
a porcelain-imports deal
Duke Energy expects to announce a further deal in the
Chinese energy sector on Thursday
Charlotte-based Duke Energy Inc. and Chinese energy company
ENN Group announced Tuesday they've agreed to collaborate on
building an energy-saving "eco-city" close to Beijing. Terms
of the deal were not disclosed. Duke Energy and ENN Group
agreed in 2009 to develop commercial solar projects in the
Gentris Corp. to set up a sister company in China. (company
contracts with pharmaceutical companies to test drugs by
studying a person's genetic profile to more accurately
predict safety, toxicity, and efficacy. )
The company is already a big buyer of Sunbrella outdoor
fabrics made by a North Carolina company, Glen Raven Custom
Fabrics, both companies said. Much of that fabric is
included in the outdoor furniture and furnishings Zhengte
makes for retailers like Costco, Sam's Club, Home Depot and
Lowe's, Chen said. Zhengte was likely to buy more from U.S.
suppliers as it catered to Chinese consumers dressing up
their corner of the outdoors, Lee said.
* ?? - Kentucky*
* ?? - St Louis *
The executive director of the Midwest China Hub
Commission, Jason Van Eaton said previous delegations have
been interested in advanced electronics, agricultural
products like beef and pork and firms like Emerson, Sigma
Aldrich and Catepillar.
*_*2 million tons of Soybeans. *
The companies participating in the signing are China
National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Corp., Sinograin Oils,
Jilin Grain Group, Bunge Ltd., Chinatex Grains and Oils and
the Yihai Kerry Group, the council, a producer-funded
marketing group, said in a statement on its website. Cargill
Inc., Archer Daniels Midland Co. and CHS Inc. will also
attend the signing, the council said.**
*American Electric Power Co *signed an agreement with China's
largest power company, China Huaneng Group, to evaluate carbon
capture technology that could be used in power plants in the
United States.
Battery maker *Ener1 *signed a joint venture with Wanxiang
Group to make electric vehicle batteries for sale in China.
*LP Amina MOU with Beijing Energy*
*LanzaTech-- Wuhan Kaidi General Research Institute of
Engineering and Technology Company Limited Ethanol Production
Letter of Intent
In addition, China has committed to more than $3 billion in
additional investments in the U.S., the official said,
briefing reporters on condition of anonymity.
Matt Gertken
Asia Pacific analyst
office: 512.744.4085
cell: 512.547.0868


text:
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"Pefect...the only thing I changed was I added Vegeta insted of salt."
"I did not use any parmesan but melted a little goat cheese on at the end. I used a bit more oil and they turned out perfect. I took a pastry brush and brushed oil on each piece (both sides before putting it in the oven. Came out perfect and crispy!! Love this recipe :)"
"I made half the recipe and only used a touch of cream at the end. So good!!!!!! Even those who don't like cauliflower will love the this soup."


text:
The original deal pioneer keeps on pinching pennies and cracking wise. No, that price isn't a typo.
Go to Woot
Candlepower and puppet shows are so passé. Get the newest TVs, speakers, home theater gear, and more.
Go to Electronics.Woot
The robots are coming! And so are the laptops, the tablets, the chargers, and all sorts of other gadgets!
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High living at low prices with name-brand deals for your pad, crib, nest, or castle - inside and out.
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Make it, build it, improve it. But whatever home project you've got in mind, start by saving money on it.
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You don't have to spend a lot to look like you do. Werk it and twerk it with amazing deals on designer watches, handbags and more.
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448,620 deals (and counting) from around the web, shared and ranked by a community of deal fiends like you. Go to Deals.Woot.
burnapaperzach wrote:haha cool
Thanks little buckaroo! Glad you like it!
Re: Inspired By The Angry Girlfriend
an alternate solution...couldn't resist a remix
Re: Inspired by In the World Of Black and White
cool work, Midge!
Re: Inspired by Flower Carrier
Everything about this design works. Kudos!
Re: Inspired by One of those days
Shouldn't the heartbeat thingy be flat lined? Otherwise good design.
Re: inspired by deep blue space
very nice
Re: inspired by you'll catch your death
HA ha ha I like this one.
Re: Inspired by Coffee Stain Cats
I want this. That is my cat. I have to keep lids on my coffee to keep her out...
Re: Inspired by Cloak of Visibility (RESUB)
People want to be seen. Well, ghosts are people too.
P.S. Thanks for the helpful advice Adder!
ooo, creepy awesome
lonelypond wrote:very nice
Wow, I love your stuff, but this one especially. Any chance you could post a larger detail pic? +1
laggyg wrote:Epic comment is epic. Now I want to see him breathing confetti on the shirt! GMV even without the confetti though. =D I see myself buying one if it prints. Good luck!
Yes, yes I would buy it either way! Hope you win! :D
maverik1390 wrote:Wow, I love your stuff, but this one especially. Any chance you could post a larger detail pic? +1
Here's a larger image
Re: Inspired by King of the Beasts
Cream. *so so sad*
Rhonwyn22 wrote:Jerry Garcia as a gnome!
haha yeah!
Re: Inspired By How Rainbows Are Made
so much fun
Re: Inspired by Feed the Whale
darn cute. I want a pizza buddy.
nicely shady
Re: INSPIRED BY THE ANGRY GIRLFRIEND
I don't date girls with machine guns because when I piss them off they have machine guns... i'm tired now, mommy needs a drinkie
Your designs regularly have such a unique approach. I don't always feel like they are wearable, but I would absolutely wear this.
I wish the design was just a little bigger on the shirt, but it still has my vote! Very cute!
Re: Inspired by Cat Carrier
this is awesome!!! love me some kitties! :D
intriguing image
Re: Inspired by Taking Flight
How is this not a sequel?
Re: Inspired by Ill-Gotten Trinkets
really nice take on the theme
Re: Inspired by Delusions of Grandeur
so cute!
Re: Inspired by I Like Them On The Grill
beautifully sinister!
Thanks mateys! Especially for the liberal use of the word "boobslicious"- those pirates would surely approve :D
Re: Inspired By Mission Pigpossible
A piggy bank that cant carry money?
Re: Inspired by Flora and Phonograph
This is lovely
Re: Inspired by Si Turtles
Tiled turtles from south of the border...
Re: Inspired by Grilled Cheese
They are putting the heat on... and there are holes in his story. Original "Grilled Cheese" Shirt Design By: Dan Zettwoch (detail below)
I love him!
lonelypond wrote:pretty
Thanks LP!
And here's the alternate treasure map version (click to see all the detail bigger) Ill-Gotten Trinkets- Treasure Map Edition by vonMonkey, on Flickr
Re: Inspired by Reality Isn't for Everyone
My daughter loves this one.She LOL"d!!Pointed to it, demanded that I click on it and really got a kick out of it.
There are many great submissions to woot every week but very few I would actually wear. This however is one of those awesome designs that look fantastic and that I could wear any day of the week.
Re: Inspired by Deep Blue Death Squad
Super pretty!! I love the colors you chose!
Re: inspired by spicy meal
Funny! Beautifully done and totally makes me want tacos!!!!
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"The first time I made these cookies, I made them as posted except I didn't have any butter flavor extract and I used my stand mixer to mix the ingredients. They came out really good. The second time I made this recipe, I made a few changes to tweak it just a bit:I used Pure Canadian Maple Syrup instead of the corn syrup/honey.I reduced the sugar..."
"Great low-fat recipe. Thanks for posting!"
"My family has been making this recipe for long before I can remember (and I can remember as far back as 30+ years). I don't think there's any point making ham without it. We always make it ahead and serve it as a cold accompaniment to baked ham. I don't let my sauce come to a boil or I find it gets too thick, rather just cook it slow and stir cons..."
"Very good soup! I made it exactly as directed. I will definitely make this again! Thank you for sharing your recipe."
"I just made this today. I used "Annie's white shells and cheese sauce" and red pepper instead of green since that's what I had in the house. I didn't have any mushrooms but I'll try to use them next time. It was very good. Thanks for the recipe."
"These were very, very good, but I personally would like them better without the cinnamon. It's not necessary, they are great without it."
"Very good but my husband found them to be 'a wee bit sweet'. Could reduce the sugars a smidge, I suppose. Very chocolatey. Yummy. Will make again and again. (Maybe I'll leave the sugars as is, to heck with him!)"


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It's a bustle of premieres, returns, and hiatuses in the entertainment world this week — not to mention a new Zac Efron movie! Our advice after an emotionally draining week: for every dark piece of entertainment, balance it with two pieces of light.
Tag: Phoenix (1-3 of 3)
'Saturday Night Live' recap: Melissa McCarthy brought the heat and hammed it up
And that, ladies and gentlemen, is how an episode of Saturday Night Live is done. Was it perfect? No, but compared to a lot of what we've seen this season, it was downright awards-worthy. Here's hoping we see a lot more of the lovely Ms. Melissa McCarthy on SNL. The actress, who next graces our movie screens in June's The Heat opposite Sandra Bullock (a dream team if there ever was one), infused the show with a much-needed energy, giving it her all, even when that all meant face-planting on the sticky stage floor.
The night kicked off with a Kim Jong-un-centered cold open, in which the North Korean leader addressed his subjects on two important topics. First, the reopening of the Yongbyong nuclear complex that will leave his "enemies chagrined and discombobulated," and second, that he had "decided to lift [the] nation's ban on same-sex marriage." Bobby Moynihan as Jong-un insisted that the change in views was not because he had a nephew who happened to be gay (he was executed anyway), nor was it because of his own personal preferences ("I'm about as heterosexual as a person can be."), but simply because it seemed like the right thing to do. How progressive of him! All in all, it was a decent start to the night, made better by Dennis Rodman's cameo at the end. (A quick aside: Am I the only one who thinks of Rodman not as a basketball player, but as Jean-Claude Van Damme's sidekick in Double Team? Ah, a true classic, that one.) READ FULL STORY
Melissa McCarthy hosts tonight's 'Saturday Night Live': Talk about it here!
Melissa McCarthy has already proven herself. She won our hearts on Gilmore Girls, turned Mike & Molly into something actually worth watching, and broke through on film in the mega 2011 hit Bridesmaids.
Best of all, she showed herself to be a capable and nimble host the last time she stopped by SNL. In 2011, McCarthy's first night at the rodeo won critical praise and high ratings. It may have spiked Hidden Valley's salad dressing sales as well. (Er, maybe not.) This time around, she comes to the show as an even bigger star: McCarthy has both The Hangover III and a big movie with Sandra Bullock (The Heat) out this summer, she's supposedly snagged the female lead in the Oscar-ready dramedy St. Vincent de Van Nuys, and she's starting production on her directorial debut, Tammy — a film McCarthy also wrote (with husband Ben Falcone, who's co-directing as well). Oh, and did I mention she's starring in that one too?
Does McCarthy's increased celebrity mean she may not be as fearless and game as she was when she hosted just two years ago? READ FULL STORY


text:
acrylic on canvas
130 × 140 cm
Indie artist who lives and works in Norway.
Welcome to visit my homepage:
Randi Antonsen
great work Randi!!!!hope the exhibit went well!!!
hi agnès! Thanks for the comment! Yes, my exhibition is well and still going on :)
– Randi Antonsen
many thanks, Adam!
– Randi Antonsen
I love your composition!
many thanks, littlearty!
– Randi Antonsen
stunning x 34432423234 and it looks amazing in that white wall!
so many thanks, my friend!
xxx 34432423234
– Randi Antonsen
creativitve interesting piece
thank you, Reynaldo!
– Randi Antonsen
amazing piece….you just keep on moving into other orbits of brilliance….love seeing it in gallery space too…
thanks, avalyn!
– Randi Antonsen
Very nice, innovative piece of art.
thanks :)
– Randi Antonsen
Such awesome colors and details!
Thank you so much!
– Randi Antonsen
u never fail 2 B amazing! great work Randi :)
thank you so much, Robert!
Nice to hear form you :)
Thanks, much appreciated!