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Nale and Company
A journey...
Sunday, August 31, 2014
What's the Plan for October Attune Magazine?
We have been focusing on gaining advertisers for the magazine to help support the costs.
Monday, August 18, 2014
King of Swords: The Mary El Tarot
King of Swords
What is this card trying to tell me? Over and over it keeps showing up, catching
my eye and being turned over on the table.
I like to compare the images of several decks when this happens. The
image that really speaks to me is TheMary El Tarot by Marie White:
This King leaves no doubt that he's a warrior, he's wise and
he's got a lot of experience being a leader. Notice all of those feathers
coming from his head, this is wisdom expressed in a way that indicates an
almost spiritual source. He has a fierce
dragon tattooed on his back, its yellow/gold and red. We know these are the colors of action,
passion, energy. This King is pure
energy. Look at his left hand, in it he holds an arrow and he's clearly ready
to take that shot. Notice also the tiny
words on this image. Are these
indicating psychic messages or knowledge gained through experience? I think
these are all of this and so much more.
These are the words and thoughts of someone who understands the need to
align thought and action. The words of
someone who has mastered the art of manifesting.
From Marie White's
companion book for the Mary El Tarot:
"This King is a warrior, a soldier. He is hard, lean, weathered. He has been marked with a gold dragon, gold
rays of the sun. Gold is the color of our exaltation in Air. This is something this king needed to live up
to as he acquired pinprick after pinprick of golden ink, and now in his vast
experience he has the ferocity and skill to wear his dragon proudly and with
"The rays of light coming out of his head, and the arrows
and swords with which he conquers the world are ink tipped quills."
From this image I see a person who is so ready, so able and
who IS action. Viewing this in the
context of my seeing the card over and over again I would think this means a message
that shows me the only way to get out of this terrible stagnant energy I've
been experiencing is to TAKE ACTION. It's
hard to know exactly what action to take but, as I've pondered this card,
journeyed into its image to speak with this King of Swords I've been shown a
few clues. The first clue is the most
obvious here, pen in hand, thoughts on paper.
When you look at the Keywords in The Mary El Tarot companion
book you see:
"Master the mind, control your thoughts, and hold the image
and thought you want to manifest.
Support what you want in your life with words and actions rather than
countering them with fear and doubt. Plan carefully, have a clear intent. Sharp
I don't know that I would have given so much thought if this
had been the Rider Waite image of the King of Swords. For whatever reason, The Mary El Tarot speaks
to me in a whole new language in times like this. Until now I had never thought of the King of
Swords as someone who has mastered the art of manifestation. I had never imagined a King whose sharp wit
and focus ran so much deeper than just a King on a throne with a sharp mind. Perhaps
you've already discovered this secret with the King of Swords? For me it's a very important discovery
indeed. My mind races back over the past
few months and I realize the opportunities that were missed, the chances that
were not taken and the result is that nothing changed. Given fresh information in a message from
this King has shown me tools that I have already, lessons already learned and
perhaps a new approach to old challenges.
What message does this King hold for you today?
This card image is from TheMary El Tarot
By Marie White
Published by Schiffer Books
You can order this deck HERE:
Sunday, July 21, 2013
Magical Times Empowerment Cards: A Card for Today
In order to get a better feel for Magical Times Empowerment Cards I am choosing a card for today-I
have already followed the advice given in the first paragraph of the booklet
and connected my energy with the energy of the cards.
My Single Card for
Sunday July 21:
Following the directions in the book I fanned out the cards
and chose the card that felt right-for me this is a slight tingle in my wrist.
This card's image is a dragon and the first thing that came
to mind was - this isn't a flashy dragon, this is a dragon that blends well
with the surroundings and seems to have a sense of quiet power about it. This dragon is not only sitting on top of the
world, it's also carrying the world in its hands. I definitely got an echo of being in control
of your own little world, the one you create. I can also see this dragon as only being able
to hold onto the things that really matter...
Drop the things that offend your soul. Embrace your true self. It's your life; let no one live it for you.
From the booklet:
I honor all that I am.
I am always completely myself and that is enough. Today I will honor
myself and my personal integrity and rise up in its power. I will embrace the greater part of me and
live with sincerity and honor. I will be
honest with myself, live a life of truth and I will be free.
I wasn't planning to draw another card but it seems I was
meant to see a card because as I was putting the cards back in the box I
realized one card had been left on the table.
Focus on the positive and more good will come. Give thanks for blessings and they will
multiply. Prosperity begins in the mind.
From Booklet:
Today I will focus on the good and happy moments in my life
for this is true wealth. I am a powerful
person who believes in prosperity and happiness and health. I will stay positive and prosper beyond my
wildest dreams. I give praise and thanks
for unknown blessings already on their way.
Magical Times Empowerment Cards created by Jody Bergsma and published by U.S. Games.
U.S. Games www.usgamesinc.com
Review Magical Times Empowerment Cards
Jody Bergsma
U.S. Games Systems Inc.
44 Cards & 28 Page Booklet
Watercolor Art Images
This exquisite deck presents 44 over-sized cards with
inspirational images and affirmations. The deck is accompanied by an
illustrated 28-page booklet, which provides gentle, yet powerful messages.
Choose a single card for daily inspiration or use one of the multiple-card
spreads to explore questions and visualize outcomes. Together, the Empowerment
Cards and the insightful writings help you channel the magic all around you to
achieve your greatest dreams.
44-card deck (card measure 3.5"x 5.25")
Note: I added the color to this LWB...it will be a black and white image. |
The card images consist of native wildlife, fantasy
creatures and geometric designs.
This deck comes in a sturdy box with a flip top lid. (See the image below.) Magical Times
Empowerment Cards will appeal to the very young through the very mature with
its gentle images and clear meanings. I
also think this deck will appeal to anyone who wants to develop their intuition
but for sure, this is a fantastic deck for those who want to make positive
changes in their lives. (A note for those
who only work with Angel or Fairy Decks, you will love this one.) These cards are large enough to enjoy all of
the details and layers of meaning. The true
"magic" of this deck is the way the artist has combined beauty, gentleness and
power into each and every card.
The Booklet:
I'm usually disappointed when I see a deck of this quality
with only a black and white booklet, but to be fair here, all of the
information you need is contained in the 28 pages.
Information included:
There is information right from the beginning that will help
anyone who may not have an idea of how to "connect" the deck to their own
personal energy. The suggested way to use the cards: Pull a card intuitively, read the front of the
card which contains the name of the card and a description. Look in the booklet for your card - each card
is listed alphabetically (black and white), read the affirmation and write it down
– carry your affirmation with your throughout the day. This is explained as "replacing your old
thought and action patterns". Cards can
be read upright and reversed; an upright card indicates the meaning as it appears
with a call to action, if reversed the card indicates an imbalance of energy.
There are three
spreads listed in the booklet:
The Single Card
Spread: "What path should I choose?"
Empowerment Spread: "How did I get here, what is happening?"
Five- Card Elemental
Influences Spread: "Who are my allies? Who walks beside and within me?"
Powerful words and actions are combined with beautiful
images in this deck. I can see this deck
becoming a favorite when working with energy blocks or as a way to remain "mindful"
throughout the day.
I think this deck is very well done! I encourage anyone who wants to make positive
changes in their life to use this deck and say the affirmations with
meaning. You do not need to understand
anything about the law of attraction to gain the benefits of using the Magical Times Empowerment Cards...just
draw your card, focus on the meaning and follow through with the affirmation
until you feel you have shifted the energy and removed what may be blocking
U.S. Games www.usgamesinc.com
If you would like to order a deck signed by Jody Bergsma http://www.bergsma.com/magical-times-empowerment-cards-pr-4750.html
Monday, July 15, 2013
Review: Conscious Spirit Oracle Deck
Written and Illustrated by Kim Dreyer
Published by U.S.
Oh what a lovely deck!
I'm intrigued by the idea behind this deck and I have been exploring
This luminous 44-card deck is imbued with Kim Dreyer's artistic vision
and her passion for the natural and the supernatural elements we encounter on
our soul paths. She has created Conscious Spirit Oracle Deck to help guide
others to a deeper level of consciousness and a more harmonious life. The deck
introduces chakras, angels, and spirit guides as it awakens the spirit and
rekindles the connection between the cosmos and the earth. The guidebook
contains insightful interpretations to help you discover the Divine Feminine
wisdom each card carries.
Includes 44 cards and 44-page booklet.
The purpose of these cards is also to awaken you to the beautiful,
unique human being that you are and to remind you that you have valuable gifts
and lessons to share with al of humanity.
—Kim Dreyer, from the Conscious Spirit Oracle Deck T
My first impression of this deck was that each of the 44
cards is a Journey within a bigger Journey.
The card backs are full of interesting symbols too: The Seven Chakras,
Phases of the Moon, Sacred Geometry, The Tree of Life and Angel Wings. Look closer and you will see that the Chakras
have ribbons of color that show you what area you're working with. For Example the Root Chakra Symbol's ribbon
of color flows downward into the Earth where you see tree roots. I like this image and I feel it represents
the deck perfectly. The box is flip top
and comes with 44 cards and a 44 page guidebook. The image on the front of the box is card 24
Third Eye Chakra and the image on the back is card 18 Air Elemental. On the top
of the card you will see the card number and the card name. At the bottom you will see the interpretation. When you look up your card in the guidebook
you will see an expanded interpretation or what I would consider advice. There are no images in the booklet.
Kim Dreyer numbered these cards in the order that will take
you on a Journey to finding your unique path.
She cautions that this isn't a quick fix and the guidance they offer
requires input and work. "The cards were
designed to gently and lovingly share their wisdom and the wisdom of the
universe with you, allowing you to find your soul's purpose and in so doing,
raise the energy of earth and bring about healing, compassion, and love for all
I can't help but feel that this deck will speak to many who
will be guided by the gentle energy and wisdom it holds. The images are gentle on the eye, beautiful
and layered in a unique way that I think most people will find intriguing. Overall, I like this deck and I especially
like the way the artist has shared her vision with us.
I'm unable to pick a favorite card because each one seems to
speak volumes and I like them all!
For more information about The Conscious Spirit Oracle Deck:
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More reviews by piecesofpurple
Sadly, I'm giving this product a low rating because it's too dark for my skin tone and EDM discontinued my beloved Intensive Fair concealer, so they don't offer a concealer to replace it with! This is the lightest one they offer now and it's too orange for my NC 15, Golden Fair skin tone. Quite sad... They don't seem to discontinue things based on user reviews because they continuously get rid of products that have very high ratings on MUA. Oh well, I'm mainly writing this review to warn other pale skinned women to avoid this product and look elsewhere.
Covers acne marks/scars/pimples? Check. Covers dark undereye circles? Check. Covers redness? Check. Good price and packaging? Check. Easy to apply? Check. Better choice for your skin? Check. Amazing? CHECK CHECK CHECK!!!! This concealer (along with everything else Everyday Minerals) is top notch quality!!! Surf online and order this concealer stat!!!
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I absolutely LOVE LOVE LOVE this concealer, I am soooo happy I found it. I have tried so many expensive concealers that have just not worked, they've either been too drying and cakey looking, or too thick and have settled into my fine lines or they just haven't had enough coverage and lasted the day.
Up until now I have been using BE well rested mineral concealer over the top of my MAC studio fix concealer to give me enough coverage and to stop my MAC creasing and help it last. This has worked ok and lasted me through about half the day but I've always been on the look out for something better, something perfect, which I thought was unattainable...I was very wrong!!!
I found reviews for everyday minerals on here and boy am I glad that I did. This concealer is without a doubt a god send and my HG forever...I cant see much beating it tbh. I don't even have to use a concealer underneath this to get the coverage I want for my very dark circles...I literally put my foundation on and buff this under my eyes and over any discolorations with a small eye shadow brush. It goes on perfectly covering everything to the best level of have experienced so far. AND not only that but it does not crease or make my skin look dry. You can layer it up really easily without cakeyness if you want a high level of coverage and it looks natural, blending in with your real skin beautifully. It is also good if you only want light coverage as you can just put one coating on. And best of all it lasts the whole day!! I'm not exaggerating, this stuff is a miracle <3
I never write reviews on makeup but I felt the need to for this, as if anyone else out there is struggling to get rid of very dark circles like I was then this is the worth a try as it has been amazing for me!! Another plus is how affordable this is and you get I think triple the amount of what BE gives you (for much less) =D what more can you ask for...its 100% worth a shot =] and there are plenty of shades to choose from.
Overall Everyday Minerals I love you for inventing this concealer <3 11/10 =D
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
This might be one of the only colors for the face from EDM that *works* for my skin tone. I've actually been using it on it's own all over my face. It covers up my imperfections *enough* but doesn't make it look as if I'm wearing a mask. EDM's neutral bases actually don't work for me, it turns out kind of grey and a lot of the darker, cool colors are too orange while the "fair" color is too light. I'm considering buying some of their kaolin powder to put on top of the concealer for a little bit more coverage.
Recently, I made a switch from my Bare Minerals concealer to the Multi-Tasking Concealer from Everyday Minerals. My reason for this is even though the concealer from Bare Minerals had good coverage, it settled into creases on my face, especially under my eyes. I am 23 and don't have lines or wrinkles so I found this to be very off putting. Color-wise, the Multi-Tasking Concealer was a great match to my light skin (warm undertones). It felt very light weight and natural. I've used it for about a week and I havent noticed it settling into creases anywhere on my face. Also, I've found it works excellently on under-eye darkness. The only negative is that it has a bit of a sheen to it so putting it on a larger blemish might highlight an area you are trying to hide. Overall, I was really pleased with this concealer and I would buy it again.
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I have had the hydrating version of this ('Clear') sitting in my makeup drawer for months, and finally decided to try it - don't know why it took me so long to use it, because it's perfect! I use it over my foundation if there are any noticeable spots or blemishes left over, and it blends in so beautifully with my skin tone and gives excellent coverage. It stays put all day, and you only need the tiniest amount. I also use it under my eyes if I've had a late night, works so well and looks really natural!
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I got the "Multi-Intensive Concealer/Eye Primer" and thought I would be able to use it under my eyes and on my acne spots. Well, it works well for my under eye circles, but when I use it on my face it just breaks me out. I have incredibly sensitive skin, so finding a good concealer can be hard. I will continue to purchase this to use under my eyes, but as an all-over concealer it does not work well.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I got the Multi-tasking Concealer & the Intesive Fair Concealer about a week ago and after a few application trying out both, I've found the Multi-tasking Concealer provides more coverage to my sunspots & frekles.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I am in love with this concealer. This is a HG item for me. It hides my dark circles very well and it doesnt look cakey at all.It has a very light formula but it covers great. I just love it. I have it in the big size and i am almost done with it. I will definitely buy it again. This is the best concealer ever!
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
RIS and I am so glad that I took it when the lady offered it to me. At first glance I was bummed because it seemed awfully light in the container and even lighter once I sprinkled some into the lid. I was amazed when I applied it! Its just as soft and creamy as EDMs foundations and it covered my circles really well. It even worked really well with my skintone (I wear sandy medium in EDM). It doesn't erase it completely like when I use Bobbi Brown's two step system (corrector + concealer) but it works great for every day and unlike creamy concealers it doesn't settle into my lines. Will definitely purchase the larger size soon!!
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No

subset: commoncrawl


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Water News
Climate Patterns to Help Predict the Next Big Flood?
Scientists say flooding is tied to ocean conditions and that we may be able to prepare for the next devastating inundation.
Blog: GM Pesticides Found in Streams
Pesticides produced by genetically modified corn have been found in Indiana streams, raising new questions about water quality.
Blog: Expect More Floods
There is nearly 20 percent more water flowing into the oceans than there was 10 years ago--a sign of climate change and more flooding.
Predicting the World's Next Water Pollution Disaster
Hungary's toxic mud spill in October was a wake-up call, shining a spotlight on potential water pollution hot spots around the globe.
PHOTOS: Russia's Radioactive River
Russian nuclear facilities accidentally—and intentionally—filled the Techa River with radioactive waste and turned the region into one of the world's worst toxic dumping grounds. Decades later the people along its banks are still paying the price.
PHOTOS: 2010 a Watershed Year for Floods, Droughts?
2010 was a year of extreme water events, from dramatic hydrological changes in China and Pakistan to fracking pollution stateside and sinkholes in Guatemala.
"Alarming" Amazon Drought Photos
A megadrought has gripped the Amazon, drying up rivers and cutting off thousands dependent on boat traffic for survival.
Global Warming Burning Lakes?
Lake temperatures are rising much faster than air temperatures in many places around the world, and the fate of freshwater species hangs in the balance.
Blog: Why Rivers Need to Flow Again
A new study finds that 86 percent of U.S. rivers are impaired, with many no longer flowing the way they're supposed to—and that's changing the mix of fish and other organisms that call them home.
Blog: Sandra Postel Talks Water at TedX
National Geographic Fellow and water conservation expert Sandra Postel told the D.C. audience: "We have lost our sense of wonder" over water,... but the "tears we shed today" over the most daunting problems in our world "are comprised of molecules of water that have cycled through Earth's ecosystems forever."
Blog: The River That Runs Through Nature's Greatest Spectacle
Rivers expert Mark Angelo reflects on the role of rivers in nurturing entire ecosystems.
Turtle Herpes Tumors Due to Sewage?
Herpes tumors that have plagued green sea turtles worldwide for decades may be caused by pollution, a new study says.
Damming the Omo to Stop the Flow of Ethiopia's Cultural Diversity?
An ancient way of life that sustains 200,000 people could be lost if the Ethiopian Government can find the money to build a big new hydroelectric dam on the Omo River.
Blog: Water Crisis Looms in South Africa
Awareness of the world's mounting freshwater troubles has bubbled to the top of South Africa's political agenda.
Blog: Australia Takes a Bold Step To Shape its Water Future
After a decade of devastating drought in Australia's Murray-Darling River Basin, officials have issued a draft plan to save rivers and wetlands by cutting average water allocations to farmers and other water users by a whopping 22-29 percent.
Texting Program Helps African Farmers
A new Kenyan "micro-insurance" program cushions small-scale farmers against weather-related crop loss using a novel, mobile phone-based approach.
Blog: Americans Value Water More Than Energy—New Survey
Our nation's drinking water and wastewater infrastructure is aging at the cost of wasted water and the risk of contamination, according to advocates for increased public funding for repairs.
A Dream Dashed by the Rush on Gas
The shale gas industry maintains that it protects drinking water and land. But mistrust has been sown in rural communities.
Toxic Spill Latest Insult to Danube River
As cleanup continues in Hungary, experts weigh in on the environmental damage and future risks of mining and industry along Europe's rivers.
Blog: Dam Removals Open Way for Cultural and Habitat Restoration
As dams come down in different parts of the world, exciting opportunities are opened to restore lost habitats and cultural sites sacred to indigenous peoples.
Kobi the Chimp Retires
After life with Jane Goodall in Africa and then in a breeding colony for medical research in the U.S., a "tame" chimp finds new hope.
Q&A: How Autopilot Works
Pilot Patrick Smith explains why human pilots are still in control of airplanes, even when they turn on autopilot.
Top 10: Sex Selection, Iceberg Sounds
On our radar today: Mammals may be able to "choose" the sex of their offspring, melting icebergs create disruptive ocean sounds, and ...
Mexico Volcano Pictures
Popocatepetl, one of the world's most active volcanoes, has rumbled to life again, coating nearby regions with ash.
Moths Shake Genitals to Avoid Bats
Moths vibrate their genitals to jam bat sonar, making them invisible to the predators, a new study says.
Coal-Burning Shortens Lives in China
A new study shows the deadly toll of air pollution from an energy policy that created a lingering north-south disparity in life expectancy.
Roswell Celebrates Anniversary
A Google doodle commemorates the legendary alien encounter, which believers say happened 66 years ago today.
4 Sky Events This Week
This week skywatchers can spy a cosmic doughnut, among other sky treasures.
Canada Tragedy Spotlights Oil Trains
An explosive train derailment killed at least five people and left dozens missing, focusing attention the skyrocketing use of rail to move oil.
Migrants Leave Traces in the Desert
An anthropologist documents the things that migrants leave behind as they walk into the U.S. through the Sonoran Desert.
Improving 3-D Printing
Through biomimicry, design based on nature, 3-D printing technology could get safer and better.
Solar Plane's Mission Ending
The solar-powered plane will complete the final leg of its coast-to-coast journey tonight in New York City.
China's Last Gunslingers
China prohibits gun ownership by most citizens, but in the village of Baisha, guns are used openly.
Washington's Other Monuments
Proposals for some of the nation's most timeless monuments and memorials show the capital could have looked very, very different.
The World's Water
The world's increasing population and development of agricultural land are putting pressure on the Earth's limited freshwater supplies. Find out what's at stake and how you can help.
Why Should You Care?
Learn more about the world's water challenge with photos, stories, videos, and more.
Visualizing Our Water Footprint
You might be surprised to see how the daily choices you make affect critical watersheds around the world.
How Much Water Per Pound?
How much water does it take to put beef, pork, wheat, and more on your plate? Explore our water footprint interactive and find out.
Posts From National Geographic Freshwater Fellow Sandra Postel
Ireland to Charge for Water for the First Time
New plan aims to boost water conservation.
The Water Costs of the Choices We Make
Everything we do has an impact, but there are simple steps we can take to reduce water use.
Australia's Bold Plan to Save a Dying River
Authorities hope better management can restore an iconic ecosystem.
Stories From the Field
Why We Shouldn't Dam the Mekong
National Geographic Fellow Zeb Hogan tells us what needs to happen in order to save the region's giant fish.
Rainwater Harvesting in India
Sunita Narain tells us how one remote village is setting an example for the rest of the country—and world.
Boston Water Conservation
National Geographic Freshwater Fellow Sandra Postel describes one of the biggest success stories in urban water management.


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Henry Etkowitz, MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science (2007).
Abstract (from Amazon Product Description): MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science analyses the transformation of the university's role in society as an expanded one involving economic and social development as well as teaching and research. This book shows that the ground-breaking university-industry-government interactions have become one of the foundations of modern successful economies.
Henry Etkowitz, THE TRIPLE HELIX: INDUSTRY, UNIVERSITY, AND GOVERNMENT IN INNOVATION (2008).
Abstract (from product description at Amazon.com): A Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions is the key to innovation in increasingly knowledge-based societies. As the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge moves from the periphery to the center of industrial production and governance, the concept of innovation, in product and process, is itself being transformed. In its place is a new sense of "innovation in innovation"— the restructuring and enhancement of the organizational arrangements and incentives that foster innovation.
Fulfilling the Promise of Technology Transfer: Fostering Innovation for the Benefit of Society (Koichi Hishada ed., 2013).
Abstract (from publisher): Universities and research institutes are increasingly expected to contribute to society by creating innovation from the returns of their research results and the establishment of new technologies. Toward that goal, Keio University in Japan held an international symposium titled "Fulfilling the Promise of Technology Transfer: Fostering Innovation for the Benefit of Society." From that symposium the following contents are included in the present volume: 1) A showcase of ideas and case studies to promote future creation of innovation by universities and research institutes worldwide, including information on the R&D value chain, licensing, income generation, start-ups and mechanisms to encourage entrepreneurship, and the changing role of universities in fostering innovation. 2) Introduction of active research projects that aim to productize successful research results on an international level. For example, the book includes results of research on stem cell technologies and regenerative medicine as well as the realization and application of polymer photonics and the development of the core technology of polymer photonics. 3) Case studies from the U.K. in developing industry–academia collaboration with various business partners ranging from start-ups and spinout companies to large enterprises. 4) Reports of the achievements of the technological transfer activities at Keio University supported by the 5-year public fund, with suggestions for future prospects.
Gary D. Libecap, MEASURING THE SOCIAL VALUE OF INNOVATION (2009).
Abstract (from publisher): This volume presents a series of perspectives that evaluate the merits of and potential for establishing institutionalized social valuation protocols within university settings. The volumes open with a comprehensive overview of the existing literature that addresses issues related to assessing the social value of university innovations. The first section provides sociological, organizational, and economic perspectives on issues informing the forecasting and/or demonstrating the social value of university innovations. The second section explores potential metrics and measures for either forecasting or demonstrating the social and economic value of university innovations. The third section concludes by considering issues of governance over and the organizational positioning institutionalized protocol for forecasting and demonstrating the social and economic value of university innovations.
Sarfraz A. Mian, Science and Technology Based Regional Entrepreneurship: Global Experience in Policy and Program Development (2011).
Abstract (adapted from publisher): Providing a global survey of public policies and programs for building national and regional ecosystems of science and technology based entrepreneurial development, this book offers a unique analysis of the advances, over the last several decades and in light of the experiential knowledge gained in various parts of the world, in the understanding of innovation systems in the pursuit of developing these economies. Presenting nineteen case studies of diverse developed and emerging economy nations and their regions, more than thirty expert authors describe an array of policy and program mechanisms that have been implemented over the years. The in-depth analyses of the worldwide efforts featured in this volume provide the reader with several valuable lessons. There are clear indications of a trend toward better cohesion and coordination of national efforts to improve innovation but also a trend toward the broadening of regional agendas to address technology, talent, capital, innovation infrastructure and entrepreneurship culture issues – considered essential for knowledge based entrepreneurial growth. The book also offers a unique treatment of grassroots level programmatic aspects of these efforts, including some novel entrepreneurial mechanisms employed for policy implementation.
John L. Orcutt & Hong Shen, Shaping China's Innovation Future: University Technology Transfer in Transition (2012).
Abstract (from publisher): Since the 1980s, China has worked to develop the technology commercialization capacity of its universities. Progress has occurred, but university technology commercialization remains on the periphery of Chinese economic development. Because university technology commercialization is predominantly a 'law-based' strategy, the authors examine whether China's legal system adequately supports such efforts. Since the law does not operate in isolation, the authors conduct their analysis through the lens of China's overall innovation system. This holistic approach enables the authors first to provide a more accurate analysis of the Chinese legal system's ability to support university technology commercialization and also to generate useful insights on the strengths, weaknesses and future of the country's commercialization efforts.
Technology Transfer in a Global Economy (David B. Audretsch et al. eds., 2012).
Abstract (from publisher): Technology transfer—the process of sharing and disseminating knowledge, skills, scientific discoveries, production methods, and other innovations among universities, government agencies, private firms, and other institutions—is one of the major challenges of societies operating in the global economy. This volume offers state-of-the-art insights on the dynamics of technology transfer, emerging from the annual meeting of the Technology Transfer Society in 2011 in Augsburg, Germany. It showcases theoretical and empirical analyses from participants across the technology transfer spectrum, representing academic, educational, policymaking, and commercial perspectives. The volume features case studies of industries and institutions in Europe, the United States, and Australasia, explored through a variety of methodological approaches, and providing unique contributions to our understanding of how and why technology transfer is shaped and affected by different institutional settings, with implications for policy and business decision making.
Thomas B. Astebro, Pontus Braunerhjelm & Anders Broström, Does Academic Entrepreneurship Pay? (HEC Paris Research Paper No. 970/2013), available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2180223.
Abstract (adapted from author): This paper investigates the private returns for academics that start new businesses. Total earnings for the universe of 478 individuals working at Swedish universities who quit to become full-time entrepreneurs between 1999 and 2008 are compiled. The authors believe this is the first analysis to include capital gains. Entrepreneurship for academics appears a gradual process and quite episodic. Earnings are similar before and after becoming an entrepreneur and dividends and capital gains are inconsequential. But the income risk is more than three times higher in entrepreneurship.
Bart Clarysse et al., Entrepreneurial Origin, Technological Knowledge, and the Growth of Spin‐Off Companies, 48 J. Mgmt. Stud. 1420 (2011), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1895188.
Abstract (adapted from authors): The authors contribute to the literature on corporate spin‐offs and university spin‐offs by exploring how different characteristics in the technological knowledge base at start‐up influence spin‐off performance. They investigate how the technological knowledge characteristics endowed at start‐up predict growth, taking into account whether the knowledge/technology is transferred from a corporation or university. The authors use a novel, hand‐collected dataset involving 48 corporate and 73 university spin‐offs, comprising the population of spin‐offs in Flanders during 1991–2002. The authors find corporate spin‐offs grow most if they start with a specific narrow‐focused technology sufficiently distinct from the technical knowledge base of the parent company and which is tacit. University spin‐offs benefit from a broad technology which is transferred to the spin‐off. Novelty of the technical knowledge does not play a role in corporate spin‐offs, but has a negative impact in university spin‐offs unless universities have an experienced technology transfer office to support the spin‐off.
Pina D'Orazio et al., Determinants of Academic Entrepreneurial Intentions in Technology Transfer Process: An Empirical Test (2012), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2079114.
Abstract (from authors): Policy makers are increasingly recognizing the central role of technology transfer from Universities into academic spinoffs that commercially exploit the research results and new technologies developed within academic scientists. The ability of universities to stimulate entrepreneurial activity and creation of new ventures would influence the economic growth through knowledge regeneration and exploiting academic inventions. Due to the early stage and embryonic nature of university technologies (Agrawal, 2006; Jensen and Thursby, 2001), it is important to understand the predictors inside University context that influence the creation of academic spin offs. The technology transfer process is an extended course of actions that starts with opportunity identification that is clearly an intentional process (Krueger et al., 2000). The aim of the paper is to focus on the determinants of academic entrepreneurial intentions of a sample of PhD students employed on the science faculty and department of University G.d'Annunzio. This research purpose is to test the validity of a theoretical model of academic-entrepreneurial intentions (Prodan - Drnovsek, 2010) to add an empirical contribute in this field. In Academic Entrepreneurship studies, some scholars have pointed out that additional research is required at individual level (Lockett & Wright, 2005) in order to investigate the relevance of academic founders' incentives, motivations and capabilities in developing successful academic ventures (Shane, 2004). Academic scientists and in particular PhD students play an important role in determining whether spinoffs will be founded to exploit an invention. Prior studies on the opportunity recognition process, when opportunity to create future goods and services are discovered, evaluated and exploited (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000), focused on the necessity to analyze entrepreneurial intentions as a predictor of planned behavior to create new ventures (Ajzen, 1975). The academic entrepreneurial intentions, based on entrepreneurial intentions model (Bird, 1998; Kruegel, 1993), would depend from the ability to execute an intended behavior and from other variables that are a direct consequence of different environmental characteristics (Prodan & Drnovsek, 2010). In order to highlight the orientation of the academic entrepreneurial intentions of sciences research area in University G.d'Annunzio, was sent a questionnaire to PhD students to test the robustness of the model. The authors empirically test the model using structural equation modeling and a robust dataset collected in academic settings. Furthermore the finding of the paper tested in the technical faculties can add new insights where there was a lack of empirical study to confirm and improve the theoretical model.
Frédéric Delmar, Karl Wennberg & Karin Hellerstedt, Endogenous Growth through Knowledge Spillovers in Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Test, (forthcoming 2011), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1825092.
Abstract: Endogenous growth theory suggests that technological knowledge stimulates growth, yet the micro foundations of this process remain obscure. Knowledge spillover theory posits that growth is contingent on the technology dependence of industries, forming the landscape for entrepreneurs to launch and grow ventures. We investigate these theoretical contingencies with two research questions using comprehensive employee-employer data documenting the science and technology labor force in Sweden: First, do industries with a greater need for new technology-based entrepreneurship grow disproportionately faster than other industries? Second, are the knowledge spillover effects fostering the growth of new technology based firms contingent on certain industry structures?
Mark Dodgson & Jonathan Staggs, Government Policy, University Strategy and the Academic Entrepreneur: The Case of Queensland's Smart State Institutes (2012), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2026857.
Abstract: Significant new university initiatives are usually analyzed from the perspectives of government policy, university strategy or the entrepreneurship of particular individuals, but rarely from the view of their interdependencies. This paper reports on the creation of four Smart State Institutes at the University of Queensland in Australia and the concatenation of circumstances, decisions and actions that led to their formation. In the course of just over a decade, these Institutes, addressing biotechnology, nanotechnology, neuroscience and the molecular and cellular basis of disease, have developed into a cluster of scientific research of global significance, raising over $1 billion in investment and employing 1300 staff. A case study approach was employed in the analysis, involving 59 semi-structured interviews with key individuals involved at the organizational, regional and national levels. A range of archival data were collected and analyzed to help construct a rigorous chronology of the key events, reports and actions that led to the development of the Institutes. This research identifies the importance of the policy context, at both the Federal and State levels, conducive to the investment in the new Institutes. It shows how the University's leadership and strategy took advantage of policy conditions, with a number of individual academic entrepreneurs providing the actions necessary to shape and guide the creation of the Institutes. Private philanthropy played a crucial role as animateur amongst the contributors. The authors argue the importance of the mutually reinforcing and concurrent contribution of all these actors and draw lessons for future government and university policy.
Sara Fernandez Lopez, Luis Otero, David Rodeiro & Alfonso Rodriguez, Entrepreneurial University, Transfer Technology and Funding: An Empirical Analysis, 17(2) J. Enterprising Culture 147 (2009).
Abstract (from authors): Universities are now responsible for economic and social development. This new mission is transforming the traditional university into an entrepreneurial university. This entrepreneurial activity has mainly been carried out by transferring technology to industry, in particular, by patenting. The objective of this paper is to understand why some Spanish universities are more successful than others at patenting. In order to determine the factors that influence the patenting activity, we used a sample made up of 47 Spanish Public On-Campus Universities existing in 2003. Firstly, we applied the Poisson model. Secondly, after finding overdispersion in the data, the two approximations of the binomial negative were estimated (NEGBIN I and NEGBIN II). Lastly, we compared the results obtained with the three regression models. The results show that university patents are significantly positively associated with research funding, university size, technology transfer experience and resources and scientific areas with a greater market orientation. On the contrary, our results support the idea that university's research quality has a negative effect on the patent outputs. This study contributes to the literature on university patenting activity. First, there are no similar empirical studies about Spanish universities. Second, our findings provide quantitative evidence of the importance of funding research and university support policies in patent production. As a consequence, we can set out several policies to improve the dissemination of scientific knowledge and technology transfer activities.
Riccardo Fini et al., Complements or Substitutes? The Role of Universities and Local Context in Supporting the Creation of Academic Spin-offs (2010), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1719019.
Abstract (from author): In this paper, the authors analyze the extent to which University-Level Support Mechanisms (ULSMs) and Local-Context Support Mechanisms (LCSMs) complement or substitute for each other in fostering the creation of academic spin-offs. Using a sample of 404 companies spun off from the 64 Italian Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics universities (STEM universities) over the 2000-2007 period, we show that the ULSMs' marginal effect on universities' spin-off productivity may be positive or negative depending on the contribution offered by different LCSMs. Specifically, in any given region, ULSMs complement the legislative support offered to high-tech entrepreneurship whereas they have a substitution effect with regard to the amount of regional social capital, regional financial development, the presence of a regional business incubator, regional public R&D expenses as well as the level of innovative performance in the region. Results support the idea that regional settings' idiosyncrasies should be considered for universities to develop effective spin-off support policies. This paper contributes to the debate on the evaluation of economic policies supporting entrepreneurship.
Wai Fong Boh, Uzi De-Haan & Robert Strom, University Technology Transfer Through Entrepreneurship: Faculty and Students in Spinoffs (2012), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2125203.
Abstract (adapted from author): Spinoffs play a critical role in moving early-stage technologies that are developed in universities to the market. This study offers a thorough analysis of the university spinoff development process, focusing in particular on student involvement in the initial phases of these technology commercialization efforts and on the impact of the larger university ecosystem. Prior research examining technology transfer and entrepreneurship in universities has neglected the important role student entrepreneurship plays in the technology transfer process (Grimaldi, Kenney, Siegel, and Wright, 2011). This study of university commercialization efforts suggests that graduate and post-doctoral students are critical participants in university spinoffs, and offers an in-depth examination of their roles, focusing on the preliminary stages of spinoffs initiated by faculty and students. This research led to a typology of spinoff development with four pathways, based on the varying functions of faculty, experienced entrepreneurs, PhD/post-doctoral students, and business students. This typology provides insight into the diverse responsibilities of students and faculty in the technology commercialization process, the different relationships between students, faculty, and entrepreneurs that can lead to successful spinoff creation, and the relative strengths and weaknesses of each arrangement. The study also found that the larger university ecosystem has a significant impact on technology transfer. Prior research on this topic suggests that the university technology transfer office (TTO) (e.g., Colyvas, et al., 2002; Jain and George, 2007) and the university's commercialization policies (e.g., Di Gregorio and Shane, 2003; Goldfarb and Henrekson, 2003) are the key institutional mechanisms influencing technology transfer. The implicit assumption is that a capable technology transfer office with effective policies and a strong incentive system will lead to successful commercialization. In this study, the authors seek to broaden this perspective, suggesting that the overall ecosystem at a university and a broad range of practices are important aspects of efforts to facilitate technology transfer. The authors consider the scope of university programs and practices that may have an influence on this process.
Brett M. Frischmann, Commercializing University Research Systems in Economic Perspective: A View from the Demand Side, in University Entrepreneurship and Technology Transfer: Process, Design, and Intellectual Property, volume 16, Elsevier Science/JAI Press Series: Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Growth (2005).
Abstract: Universities face incredibly difficult, complex decisions concerning the degree to which they participate in the process of commercializing research. The U.S. government has made an explicit policy decision to allow funded entities to obtain patents and thereby has encouraged participation in the commercialization of federally funded research. The conventional view of the role of patents in the university research context is that patent-enabled exclusivity improves the supply-side functioning of markets for university research results as well as those markets further downstream for derivative commercial end-products. Both the reward and commercialization theories of patent law take patent-enabled exclusivity as the relevant means for fixing a supply-side problem-essentially, the undersupply of private investment in the production of patentable subject matter or in the development and commercialization of patentable subject matter that would occur in the absence of patent-enabled exclusivity. While the supply-side view of the role of patents in the university research context is important, a view from the demand-side is needed to fully appreciate the role of patents in the university research context and to fully inform university decisions about the extent to which they wish to participate in the commercialization process.
Thomas Hyclak & Shima Barakat, Entrepreneurship Education in an Entrepreneurial Community, 24 Industry & Higher Ed. 475 (2010).
Abstract : This paper examines the evolution of programs of enterprise education and technology transfer at the University of Cambridge in response to the growth of the Cambridge Cluster and public policy programs designed to enhance the economic impact of higher education institutions. The authors highlight the way education programs developed by the Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning uniquely reflect the needs of nascent high-tech entrepreneurs by using local entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, angels and start-up support specialists as instructors; by gearing the curriculum to issues facing high-tech ventures; and by offering 'extra-curricular' programs that fit the scheduling needs of the PhD students, post-docs and research staff who constitute the intended audience. This examination provides an interesting case study of how a mature high-tech cluster can shape university entrepreneurship programs. It also illustrates how new educational and technology transfer programs have pulled the university and its nascent high-tech entrepreneurs into a closer relationship with the dense network of firms and people who make up the Cambridge Cluster.Bruce A. Kirchhoff, The Influence of University R & D Expenditures on New Business Formations and Employment Growth, 31(4) Entrepreneurship: Theory & Prac. 543 (July 1, 2007).
Bruce A. Kirchhoff, Scott L. Newbert, Iftekhar Hasan & Catherine Armington, The Influence of University R&D Expenditures on New Business Formations and Employment Growth, 31(4) Entrepreneurship Theory & Prac. 543 (2007).
Abstract (from authors): Since new firms generally lack the resources necessary to compete with their larger, older counterparts in the knowledge development process, we argue that they often rely on spillovers to fuel their own innovative efforts. Thus, we hypothesize that new firms will tend to form in areas characterized by high levels of university research and development (R&D) expenditures and that these births will in turn stimulate the local economy by generating increases in employment level and growth. We test our hypotheses at the U.S. labor market area level using secondary data from various government sources for the years 1990 through 1999. Our results demonstrate that university R&D expenditures are positively related to new firm formations, and that these new firm formations are positively related to employment level and change. These findings suggest that university R&D expenditures are an important indirect contributor to overall economic growth by encouraging primary and secondary firm births.
Mirjam Knockaert et al., The Relationship Between Knowledge Transfer, Top Management Team Composition, and Performance: The Case of Science‐Based Entrepreneurial Firms, 35 Entrepren. Theory & Prac. 777 (2011), also available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1885312.
Abstract (adapted from authors): The increased pressure put on public research institutes to commercialize their research results has given rise to an increased academic interest in technology transfer. The authors assess under which conditions tacit knowledge transfer contributes to the performance of academic spin ‐offs. Using an inductive case study approach, the evidence suggests that tacit knowledge is most effectively transferred when a substantial part of the original research team joins the new venture as founders. Commercial expertise and mindset are also required in the team on the condition that the cognitive distance between the scientific researchers and the person responsible for commercialization is not too large.
Irena Łącka, The Role of Academic Entrepreneurship and Spin-Off Companies in the Process of Technology Transfer and Commercialization, 8 J. Entrepren. Mgmt. & Innovation (2012), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2203372.
Abstract (by author): In developed countries, the academic entrepreneurship makes up a very important element of academic environment activities. For some time, the increase in the role of technology transfer and knowledge commercialization has been also promoted in Poland. Strong connections between the scholarship and the economy (in the future, within the university of the third generation) have a chance to build an economy based on knowledge in our country. The flow of knowledge and the introduction of new solutions (results of scholarly research) in enterprises take place through the intermediary of various methods of transfer and commercialization paths. Independent of the manner, each fulfills an important role in the public life and economy. This is confirmed by the experience of the States that are recognized as innovation leaders, and presented in the paper as examples of Polish scholars' academic entrepreneurship.
Peter Lee, Transcending the Tacit Dimension: Patents, Relationships, and Organizational Integration in Technology Transfer, 100 Cal. L. Rev. 1503 (2012).
Abstract (by author): As a key driver of innovation and economic growth, university-industry technology transfer has attracted significant attention. Commentators often characterize "formal" technology transfer, which encompasses patenting and licensing university inventions, as proceeding according to market principles. Within this dominant conception, patents disclose and "commodify" academic inventions, which universities then advertise and transfer to private firms in licensing markets. This Article challenges and refines this market-oriented model of technology transfer. Drawing from empirical studies, it shows that formal technology transfer often involves long-term personal relationships rather than discrete market exchanges. In particular, this Article explores the significant role of tacit, uncodified knowledge in effectively exploiting patented academic inventions. Markets, patents, and licenses are ill-suited to transferring such tacit knowledge, leading licensees to seek direct relationships with academic inventors themselves. Drawing on the theory of the firm, this Article then argues that these relationships often mature into deeper forms of organizational integration involving faculty inventors, universities, and licensee firms. Presenting a descriptive theory of university-industry technology transfer, it contends that the difficulties of conveying tacit knowledge encourage various forms of organizational integration by which licensees directly absorb faculty inventors (and their tacit knowledge) into their operations. From consulting arrangements to seats on boards of directors, licensees are bringing academic human capital in-house to facilitate commercialization of patented university inventions. Turning from the descriptive to the normative, this Article assesses the opportunities and drawbacks of academic-industrial integration and offers proposals to improve technology transfer while safeguarding academic norms. It concludes by exploring the implications of tacit knowledge for patent theory and the organization of technology commercialization activities.
Roman M. Lubynsky, From Lab Bench to Innovation: Critical Challenges to Nascent Academic Entrepreneurs (2013), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2259257.
Abstract (by author): University research laboratories are important sources of the inventions and discoveries that become significant innovations with broad economic and societal impact. Invention alone is not innovation; innovation is the long, hard work of taking new technologies and bringing them to commercialization. There are many pathways for the dissemination of new knowledge that arises from basic research at universities, ranging from traditional methods such as publication and training students to licensing technology to established firms or new ventures. One way to transform new knowledge into valuable innovations is for university researchers to undertake the creation of new firms based on their discoveries through academic entrepreneurship. The problem is that university scientists and inventors with a discovery made at a laboratory bench face challenges beyond those experienced by traditional high-technology venture founders: they must finish creating the technology before they can begin using it (Jensen and Thursby, 2001; Pisano, 2006). Academics typically start with inventions so immature that their commercial success cannot be predicted (Jensen and Thursby, 2001). Academic entrepreneurship is an emerging and developing phenomenon, and there is a growing body of literature about new ventures based on university academic. However, limited research has been directed toward nascent academic entrepreneurs (NAEs) to understand the key challenges of bringing innovations to market. The majority of this work has focused on the institutional experience rather than the academic entrepreneurs and their individual experiences (Rothaermel et al., 2007). Within the broader fields of entrepreneurship and innovation, it has been argued that high-potential startups such as academic ventures should receive particular attention from scholars (Davidsson and Gordon, 2011). The following research addressed this gap. Nascent academic entrepreneurship involves more than transforming an invention into a commercialized innovation. It is about the genesis of ideas and the emergence of opportunities, the birth of new organizations, their evolution into new companies, and the transformation of scientists into leaders. It also is about providing the foundation for future innovation by others. Though nascent academic entrepreneurship is increasing in frequency, it is not well understood. The dissertation examines this important topic.
Keith E. Maskus, The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Transfer, 9 Duke J. Comp. & Int'l L. 109 (1998).
Abstract (from author): This brief review of globalization suggests that emerging countries should have strong and growing interests in attracting trade, FDI, and technological expertise. However, such interests must be tempered and supported by accompanying programs to build local skills and to ensure that the benefits of globalization actually occur. Such broader programs should include 1) promoting political stability and economic growth, 2) encouraging flexible labor markets and building labor skills, 3) continued market liberalization, and 4) developing forward-looking regulatory regimes in services, investment, intellectual property, and competition policy. IPRs are an important element of this broader policy designed to maximize the benefits of expanded market access and to promote dynamic competition in which local firms can meaningfully take part. It is beyond the scope of this Article to consider each of these issues and their complex interrelationships in detail. Rather, this Article focuses on issues of attracting FDI and technology, with a particular emphasis on the role of IPRs in this process. The first section gives an overview of recent trends in international investment and licensing, using U.S. data as a particular illustration. The second section then analyzes the main determinants of FDI, both in theory and according to available economic evidence. A similar treatment is provided for licensing. The third section discusses, from the standpoint of an emerging economy, the potential benefits and costs of incoming FDI and technology transfer, focusing on issues of information spillovers and diffusion. Throughout, the impact of IPRs is considered. With this background, the fourth section presents the broad outlines of a competitive strategy for attracting investment and technology. Inevitably, such strategies vary somewhat across countries by level of economic development and technological capability, but there are important common denominators. The final section concludes with observations on the role of IPRs in linking developing countries to an information-based global economy.
Susanne Ollila & Karen Williams-Middleton, The Venture Creation Approach: Integrating Entrepreneurial Education and Incubation at the University, 13 Int'l J. of Entrepren. & Innovation Mgmt. 161 (2011).
Abstract (from author): University entrepreneurial activity strives to deliver commercial value from university research. Entrepreneurial education, while having the same fundamental purpose, focuses on the stimulus of the individual. Recognizing a gap in the literature between the fields of university entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education, this paper proposes a venture creation approach to learning within an integrated environment. A study of Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship shows how university entrepreneurship , in the form of incubation, and entrepreneurial education, can be integrated. This integration provides both opportunities and challenges, both of which are addressed by utilizing conventional problem-oriented and solution-focused learning philosophies in tandem. The venture creation approach builds upon combined learning philosophies in order to allow students to 'test the water' while reflecting upon real-life situations and explore entrepreneurial behaviors when creating new ventures. The paper concludes that actors engaged in combined entrepreneurial education and venture creation need to recognize, adapt to, and appreciate the tension and dynamics of the integrated environment.
D. Patton & S. Marlow, University Technology Business Incubators: Helping New Entrepreneurial Firms to Learn to Grow, 29 Env't & Planning C: Gov't & Pol. 911 (2011).
Abstract (from authors): With this paper the authors explore how differing forms of entrepreneurial learning are facilitated within the context of business incubation. To support new technology venturing, university business incubators offer their tenants professional support and advice plus exposure to entrepreneurial networks with the objective of assisting them to address associated liabilities of newness. Accordingly, new venture founders are offered access to a range of resources to assist them in learning how to commercialize technological ideas. Entrepreneurial learning can be deemed explorative or exploitative; the authors explore how business incubation assists entrepreneurs to leverage these differing learning approaches to generate a secure resource base within the firm. From case-study evidence the authors suggest business incubation is effective in aligning a balance of learning approaches which support future growth prospects and add competitive advantage to young, fragile firms. The paper concludes by suggesting that incubator managers are critical actors in facilitating appropriate learning environments for new technology entrepreneurs.
Edward B. Roberts & Charles E. Eesley, Entrepreneurial Impact: The Role of MIT - An Updated Report (2012), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2013399.
Abstract (from authors): The ultimate value of this study is to help us understand the economic impact of the entrepreneurial ventures of university graduates. The authors know that some universities play an important role in many economies through their core education, research and development, and other spillovers. But in order to support economic growth through entrepreneurship, universities must create a culture and programs that make entrepreneurship widely accessible to students. While MIT's leadership in developing successful entrepreneurs has been evident anecdotally, this study — one of the largest surveys of entrepreneur alumni ever conducted — quantifies the significant impact of MIT's entrepreneurial ecosystem that supports firm startups. And, while MIT is more unique and unusual in the programs it offers and in its historical culture of entrepreneurship, MIT provides a benchmark by which other institutions can gauge the economic impact of their alumni entrepreneurs. The report also provides numerous examples of programs and practices that might be adopted, intact or modified as needed, by other universities that seek enhanced entrepreneurial development. The Appendix identifies several universities that have carried out surveys of alumni entrepreneurs.
Kelly Smith & Martin Beasley, Graduate Entrepreneurs: Intentions, Barriers and Solutions, 53 Education + Training 722 (2011).
Abstract (from author): This paper aims to investigate the factors that influenced seven graduates in the creative and digital industries to start their own businesses in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK – an area with lack of employing establishments and locally registered businesses. Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews identified the constraining and enabling factors graduates may encounter when attempting to start a business, and explored the impact of support provided. Findings – Perceived constraining factors were: lack of general business knowledge, contradictory advisory support from external agencies, lack of sector-specific mentors, lack of finance, and experience of familial entrepreneurship. Perceived enabling factors were: co-mentoring from business partners, course content, financial gain, creativity and innovative ideas, control and risk taking, and the overarching package of support. Linkages between internal and external support could be improved. Research limitations/implications – The study provided insights into constraints and enablers to self-employment for a small cohort of recent graduates looking to start-up in the creative and digital industries. Further studies are required to explore the suggested effect of the "creative identity", and of sector-specific family entrepreneurial background. Practical implications – The support provided by universities can facilitate the transition from early stage ideas to actual graduate business start-up. Issues such as provision of specialist advice and links with external parallel and follow-on support need to be considered. Originality/value – University start-up units provide an important contribution to the development of graduate entrepreneurs and their role in the growth of national and global economy. Suggestions for improvements in performance, such as closer links with external business development agencies and support providers, are discussed.
Online Resources
2Market Information, Inc., Technology Transfer Tactics http://www.technologytransfertactics.com/
Association of University Technology Managers, Tech Transfer Resources, http://www.autm.net/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Technology_Transfer_Resources
National Venture Capital Association, Resources. http://www.nvca.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161&Itemid=288
Other Materials
Michael J. Malinowski, Symposium Article: Technology Transfer in Biobanking: Credits, Debits, and Population Health Futures, 33 J.L. Med. & Ethics 54 (2005).
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Tue, Nov 11, 08 at 16:31
I'm new to this forum. I LOVE IT! I'm wondering if any of you fabric loving crafters know the manufacturer of this fabric. The store no longer carries it. I'm hoping that with a name, I'll be able to find it on ebay or online. I'm wanting to use the fabric to make a dress for our 8 year old daughter who fell in love with the fabric. Thanks for any help on this! Carol |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by kathi_mdgd (My Page) on Tue, Nov 11, 08 at 18:56
Did you look on the selvage>> Most times the manufactures name is there. Kathi |
It looks like Michael Miller Daisy Delight. Not sure about the color though. |
- Posted by lindasewandsew (email@example.com) on Wed, Nov 19, 08 at 3:05
Hi Carol, I can't tell what that garment is, but if it's not too important, it could be taken apart, and the fabric used for parts of the dress. There are lots of colors choices in it for a contrast fabric. Do you know how old it is? What store did you find it in? Maybe someone here has access to the same store and could check for you. Linda |
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Recognisedcourses.net combines the traditional quality of itspartner Universities and with innovative modes of delivery on the Internet,providing students with substantial learning advantages that is relevant tocurrent environment, while balancing work, travel and family life. The resultis an interactive, dynamic brand of postgraduate education for workingprofessionals that utilises sophisticated technology and the Internet to giveyou an invaluable learning experience.Admissions are available online for various recognized coursesincluding Certificate, Diploma, Postgraduate Diploma, Under Graduation and PostGraduation programs including MPhil and PhD programs. Few of the recognisedcourses offered through the portal are; Ph.D, MPhil, MBA, M.Tech, ExecutiveMBA, MCA, M.Sc, MA, M.Com, PGDM, PGDCA,CMA-USA, B.Tech, BBA, BCA, B.Com, B.Sc,Diploma Engineering, other Diploma & certificate courses etc IIKM (Indian Institute of Knowledge Management) 91, Valluvarkottam High Road, Nungambakkam, (Near Police station) Chennai-600 034 Ph : 044 -2821 4342, 2821 4343 Mob:9445232862 /9962017100 http://www.recognisedcourses.net/
Web Id: NJC9730593
Published on NJ.com 1/23. Updated 1/23.
The MBA Program is designed to provide both a portfolio of strong functional skills and the ability to apply, adapt and integrate those skills into different management settings. While the curriculum provides a rigorous grounding in traditional disciplines, the educational process, with its emphasis on new strategy and managerial skills, develops the skills for problem solving, decision-making and leadership of complex organizations. Medium of studies: English Duration of MBA: Two Years (Four semesters) Eligibility: Graduate and above, from a UGC recognized University. Final year graduates awaiting results also can apply. PG COURSES OFFERED MBA IN General Management Marketing Management Financial Management Industry Integrated Investment Management International Business Human Resource Management Information System Management Retail Management Entrepreneurship Management Export Management Service Management Airline and Airport Management IIKM Business School® 110, Sterling Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034 Ph: +91-44 - 28252466, 28253455 Mob:+91- 9500009915/9500009916 http://www.iikm.in/MBA-Courses-Chennai.html
Web Id: NJC11841092
Published on NJ.com 1/23. Updated 1/23.
AKC registered adorable blue eyes male and female Siberian Husky puppies. They are super sweet pups and will make great companions. Will come with registration papers, vaccination records and a vet health certificate. Text (917) 708-5006 for more info.
Web Id: NJC13388967
Published on NJ.com 1/21. Updated 1/21.
Are you facing foreclosure and overwhelmed by your current situation? Do you have a high interest rate and can't afford your payments? Is your property value less that your mortgage balance? If you are intending to keep your home, a short sale is not your best solution. We specialize in Foreclosure Defense. We'd like to extend an invitation to meet with you personally and discuss foreclosure prevention solutions and defense options. Your have rights to save your home. We offer comprehensive Foreclosure Defense Packages. We also offer CASH FOR KEYS negotiations with your lender up to $ 50,000 should you choose not to keep your home. Make an informed decision on how you would like to work out your Foreclosure. Call LINDA to schedule a FREE CONSULTATION with U.S. Standard Holdings TRUST 800-640-9529 HABLAMOS ESPANOL CONSULTA ES GRATIS
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Published on NJ.com 1/21. Updated 1/21.
Are these warning signs happening to you or someone you may know: Have a Commercial Property in Foreclosure?Having trouble paying the commercial mortgage? Are the current revenues below breaking even? Taking less than full Salary? Are you past due with one, or more loans? Receiving letters and collection calls on outstanding debt? Lis Pendens on your property? Is your property value less, than your mortgage balance?? Does your property have an Auction date?? Is your outstanding mortgage and loans more than your property current Market Value??? STOP THE BANK FROM FORECLOSING ON YOUR COMMERCIAL PROPERTY! Let us work out and restructure your commercial mortgage. Call Linda to schedule a free consultation 800 640-9529
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Published on NJ.com 1/21. Updated 1/21.
New Jersey State Licensed About Boating Safely Class (ABS)Cost: $65 Place: Red Cross Building Fairfield, New Jersey Time: evenings from 6-9 pm Date: starting February 17th for four consecutive weeks on Tuesday Contact: Bridget Benjamin via email: email@example.com Learn about boating safety before the summer boating season begins!
Web Id: NJC13386441
Published on NJ.com 1/21. Updated 1/21.
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Posttraumatic Stress and Neurobehavioral Symptoms
Date: December 2013
Creator: Klein, Robert S.
Description: The purpose of this study is to examine the structure of neurobehavioral symptoms in service members with physical and/or psychological trauma to determine the diagnostic specificity of these symptoms. Previous literature has demonstrated that orthopedic injured, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), and healthy controls shared similar levels of postconcussive symptom complaints, which suggest that postconcussion-like symptoms are not unique to MTBI. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study examining this phenomenon in a sample of recently redeployed service members. Dimensional analysis of the PCL-C and NSI using SEM did not produce a model that was consistent with previous literature and principle component analyses did not produce a simple solution for posttraumatic stress or neurobehavioral symptoms. Thus, the study does not provide evidence for construct validity for either instrument. Implications for these findings are that clinicians need to be aware that these instruments may not be measuring coherent constructs within this population as purported and should judiciously interpret and report the results of these instruments.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Examination of Resnick's Model of Malingering: a Pai Study of Feigned Ptsd
Date: August 2013
Creator: Wooley, Chelsea N.
Description: Malingered posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses a formidable clinical challenge in personal injury and disability cases because of the apparent ease in feigning PTSD and the supposed link (proximate cause) to the claimed damages. The effective assessment of feigned PTSD is particularly challenging because this diagnosis is both easier to fake than other Axis I disorders and more difficult to detect. As an additional confound, some patients with genuine PTSD produce highly variable, elevated profiles on multiscale inventories that are difficult to distinguish from feigned PTSD. The current study examined whether the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) can effectively differentiate between genuine and feigned PTSD in 109 inpatients from a trauma unit. The two most effective scales were the MAL and the NDS scales. As a primary focus, the current study was the first empirical investigation of Resnick's model of malingered PTSD that is comprised of three subtypes: pure malingering (pure-M), partial malingering (partial-M), and false imputation (false-I). The primary goal was to evaluate whether each feigning group was able to (a) effectively simulate PTSD symptoms and diagnoses and (b) avoid being classified as feigning. The partial-M group proved to be the best feigning group in achieving these two goals. Furthermore, ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Investigation of Malingering and Defensiveness Using the Spanish Pai Among Spanish-speaking Hispanic American Outpatients
Date: August 2013
Creator: Correa, Amor Alicia
Description: For response styles, malingering describes the deliberate production of feigned symptoms by persons seeking external gain such as financial compensation, exemption from duty, or leniency from the criminal justice system. In contradistinction, defensiveness occurs when patients attempt to downplay their symptoms of psychological impairment. Both of the aforementioned response styles can markedly affect the accuracy of diagnosis, especially on self-reports, such as multiscale inventories. As an important oversight, no studies have been conducted to examine the effect of culturally specific response styles on profile validity and the classification of malingering among Hispanic American clinical populations. The current study investigated whether the Spanish Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) effectively distinguished between Spanish-speaking outpatient groups randomly assigned to honest, feigning, and defensive experimental conditions. In examining the results, PAI malingering indicators utilizing Rare Symptoms strategies (NIM and MAL) demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes. For defensiveness, Spanish PAI indicators also demonstrated moderate to very large effect sizes (M d = 1.27; range from 0.94 to 1.68). Regarding psychometric properties, Spanish PAI validity scales, provide adequate to good data on reliability and discriminant validity. Clinical utility of the Spanish PAI increases as different cut scores are employed.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Correlates Between Adult Romantic Attachment Patterns and Dimensional Personality Pathology
Date: August 2013
Creator: Ernest, Kimberly Dawn
Description: Previous research has suggested that adult attachment disturbance is related to maladaptic interaction patterns and personality disorder constructs. Specifically, research indicates that those with attachment disturbance are significantly more likely to meet criteria for a number of personality disorders, including borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between adult attachment and the new dimensional model of personality disorders scheduled to be released in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Health Diosrders (5th ed.) in spring 2013. Participants completed the Schedule for Adaptive and Nonadaptive Personality (SNAP) to measure dimensional personality functioning and the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-R) and the Attachment Prototypes to measure adult attachment patterns. Additionally, select scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Five Factor Model (FFM) will be utilized as secondary measures of personality patterns. The results suggest strong associations between adult attachment orientations and specific maladaptive personality characteristics.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Female Psychopathy Predictors: Cluster B Traits and Alexithymia
Date: August 2013
Creator: Rogstad, Jill E.
Description: Psychopathy has long been lauded as a premier predictor of negative behavioral outcomes because of its demonstrated associations with violence, antisocial conduct, and institutional maladjustment. Traditional conceptualizations of psychopathy highlight the relatively equal importance placed on personality features (i.e., a grandiose, deceitful interpersonal style and deficits in affective experience) and behavioral elements (i.e., an impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle marked by social deviance) of the syndrome. However, little research to date has investigated psychopathy dimensions in female samples, particularly as they relate to maladaptive behaviors beyond forensic settings. The current study comprehensively examined personality (i.e., Axis II Cluster B traits and alexithymia) and behavioral (i.e., suicide-related behavior and aggression) expressions of psychopathy in a sample of female inpatients recruited from trauma and dual-diagnosis units at a psychiatric hospital in Dallas, Texas. Contrary to expectations, the essential components of psychopathy in female psychiatric patients emphasized APD and NPD traits over features of HPD and BPD, which were relatively similar to elements traditionally highlighted in male psychopathy. On this point, two latent dimensions comprehensively addressed female psychopathy in the current sample: impulsive antisociality and narcissistic and histrionic interpersonal style. Interestingly, psychopathy (M r = .01) and Cluster B traits (M r = .05) ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Investigation of the Phase Model of Psychotherapy Across Therapeutic Orientations: Are Different Approaches Actually All That Different?
Date: August 2013
Creator: Herbert, Gregory L.
Description: The current study investigated the process of change underlying two different evidence-based treatments that yield similar outcome effectiveness in the treatment of depression: Cognitive Therapy (CT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). The phase model of psychotherapeutic change (Howard et al., 1993) change is used to provide both a theoretical and practical framework in which to assess different patterns of change across the treatment modalities. The phase model posits that recovery from distress occurs in three sequential stages: remoralization, remediation and rehabilitation. CT can be conceptualized as a treatment in which the primary focus is on the treatment of symptoms (remediation), whereas IPT can typically be conceptualized as focusing on interpersonal conflicts and functioning (rehabilitation). The study utilized the TDCRP dataset (Elkin et al., 1985). Survival analysis indicated no significant difference in terms of onset or pattern of improvement across treatment orientations. Chi square analyses indicated individuals treated with IPT spend significantly more time engaged in rehabilitation compared to their CT counterparts. Taken together, these findings represent evidence that the process of therapeutic change is similar, if not virtually identical, across therapeutic orientation. The analyses also indicate that the phases of therapy may not necessarily be mutually exclusive and sequential, but may ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Values and Valuing in a College Population
Date: August 2013
Creator: Hernandez, Nikki C.
Description: Values and valuing behavior have many conceptualizations. Despite how they are defined, values have a significant impact on behavior and are idiosyncratic in nature. The present study reviewed values research and sought to explore values identification and successful valued living among an archived sample of university students. Specifically, in a convenience sample of 282 undergraduate students, variables that affect values identification and behavior such as ethnicity, gender, psychological distress, and psychological flexibility were identified. Results indicated that university students identified with more than one valued living domain (as measured by the PVQ) and that contextual factors such as ethnicity, gender, age, and religiosity/spirituality were associated with specific values endorsed. Furthermore, psychological distress, including depression and anxiety (as measured by the DASS) was negatively correlated with values purity – the extent to which values are freely chosen. Finally, psychological flexibility (low experiential avoidance as measured by the AAQ-2), predicted values purity and successful living in accordance with identified values, and the relationship between these two variables was mediated by psychological flexibility.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Altruism and Depression: Exploring This Relationship and the Mechanisms Behind It
Date: August 2013
Creator: Wright, Brittney, C.
Description: The impact of environmental influences on depression has been well established by research. In particular, it is known that receiving/perceiving adequate social support has a protective influence on depression. Less is known about the protective benefits of providing support to others, namely in the form of altruistic, empathetic, or prosocial behavior. While research has shown that having altruistic attitudes and engaging in altruistic behaviors has a positive impact on physical health and mental well-being, studies on the association between altruistic attitudes and/or behavior and depression are limited. The present study examined the relationship between altruism and depression, and hypotheses were tested that allow for explanation of why altruism may protect against depression. A sample of 303 participants was recruited from the University of North Texas and the surrounding community. Participants completed an online survey that examined their altruistic activities, details regarding these activities, their prosocial attitudes, and their current level of depression. Results did not support that level of involvement in altruistic activities is directly related to depression severity. However, outcomes from involvement in altruistic activities, including sense of overburden from participating in altruistic activities, level of social interaction with other helpers and those helped during altruistic activities, and sense ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of the Performance of a Clinical Sample of African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic Children on the WISC-III
Date: December 1998
Creator: Ewing, Melissa L. (Melissa Lynn)
Description: The goals of revision for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition included enhancement of the factor structure, improvement of subtests, and revision of norms. The researchers reported that the very few items that were found to be biased were replaced. The WISC-III performance of a clinical sample of African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic children was analyzed to determine if the test bias was eliminated as claimed in the goals of the revision.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Detection of Malingering on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and the Booklet Category Test
Date: December 1997
Creator: Isler, William C. (William Charles)
Description: The capacity of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) and the Booklet Category Test (BCT) to discriminate between groups of brain-injured, simulated malingering, and normal participants was investigated in this study. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to examine the differences between groups categorized as sophisticated and naive fakers. Clinical decision rules and discriminant function analyses were utilized to identify malingerers. Clinical decision rules ranged in hit rates from 41% to 78%, in sensitivity from 2% to 100%, and in specificity from 86% to 100%. Discriminant functions ranged in hit rates from 81% to 86%, in sensitivity from 68% to 73% and in specificity from 82% to 87%. Overall, the least helpful detection method examined was below chance responding on either measure, while the most efficient was gross errors for SPM.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


text:
Despite being vastly outnumbered, reformers made a real difference.
There's little support among the wealthiest Americans for policy reforms to reduce income inequality.
Even non-believers can't deny the inherent wisdom and clarity of the pontiff's critique of the modern capitalist economy.
An initiative to do just that failed at the ballot box, but gave us all some welcome inspiration.
The late organizer helped pave a progressive path forward for New York and elsewhere.
My life as a temp in California's Inland Empire, the belly of the online shopping beast.
This time it's securities bundled from rentals, rather than mortgages.
Passenger service workers earn significantly lower wages than the largely unionized airline employees with whom they work. Now they're organizing to change that.


text:
hazel park
$600,000 EPA Grant Could Help Development of Oakland Brownfields
Oakland County will receive a $600,000 federal grant to help local communities and developers determine if contaminated land can be reclaimed and redeveloped.
Hazel Park Man Arrested On Child Porn Charges
Marc Barron was arraigned Thursday on a total of 12 counts.
Upcoming Clinics Offer Affordable Pet Care
The Michigan Humane Society will host clinics offering low-cost vaccinations and microchipping.
Overnight Chill Leads To Icy Roads, Multiple Crashes
Snow and below-freezing temperatures combined to create icy conditions on the roads which led to several accidents Wednesday morning.
Court: Drug Charge OK In Worried Neighbor Case
In a split decision, the Michigan Court of Appeals says a local man can face drug charges even though police entered his home without a search warrant.
Declining Enrollment May Spell Doom For Districts
Swift declines in school enrollment across the Detroit area are driving school districts into debt and forcing administrators to make cuts to avoid greater financial disaster – or a state takeover.
Boy Hospitalized After Being Hit By Truck
Police say the Hazel Park boy was trying to run through a busy intersection when he was hit by a truck that couldn't stop in time.
Movies Go Mobile: 'Urban Drive-In' Delights Hazel Park With Free Showings
A young man has turned the back of his pickup truck into a "movie theatre," popping up each Friday in Hazel Park so residents can take a break from real life and watch a drive-in movie for free.
Man Loses Part Of Leg In Fireworks Explosion
Police in suburban Detroit say a paraplegic man's leg was blown off as he sat in a wheelchair setting off explosives on the Fourth of July.
Shooting Suspect Found In Same Hospital As Victims
Police say they found a suspect in a Detroit-area shooting in the same hospital emergency department as two victims.


text:
I've got a possible Rebel list that raises a question. If two things happen "at the start of the combat phase" can I resolve them both? I want to use the new R3-A2 to give a stress to someone and then get rid of the stress I would take with Wingman.
I don't believe that will work. Wingman triggers at the start of the combat phase (before any attacks have begun), whereas R3-A2 triggers when you declare target of your attack.
I agree with this.


text:
Hello Gabbe1
Thanks for sharing with us. It's good to hear you back. Although this track
is too repetitive for my taste, at least withot vocals. Still the sound is
nice. It might have used a little more bass, yet that is a question of taste,
I guess.
Is it intentional, that the guitar isn't really tuned? My ears prick and
have a problem with that. :-)
The orchestral string section is lovely. Where did you get that from? It
sounds good and it is well used in that song.
Warmly yours
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text:
San Francisco Beer Week is only a few weeks away, and we're already excited about all of the great events surrounding this year's celebration, and we're especially excited to be able to give away two tickets to the Opening Gala to one lucky winner!
The Opening Gala kicks off all of the festivities on February 11 at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. More than 35 Northern California breweries and their brewmasters will be on hand to pour their unique, rare, and collaboration beers and there will be live music from the Whisky Pills and The Brothers Comatose. There's even a lovely stemmed keepsake glass included.This is always one of the most fun parts of San Francisco Beer Week and a great way to gear up for the rest of the events.
To enter for your chance to win the two tickets to the Gala, all you have to do is click here and tell us about your favorite Northern California Beer. The deadline for entries is Sunday, January 16 at 11:59 p.m. and one randomly chosen winner will be notified by Tuesday January 18.
We hope to see you at the Gala, and to check out the rest of the SF Beer Week line-up, click here.
Welcome to Imbibe Magazine's between-issues look at liquid culture with drink recipes, news and more. From coffee to cocktails, Imbibe celebrates your world in a glass.