text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Hugh Outhred
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Hugh Outhred Assoc. Prof. of Electrical Engineering Centre for Photovoltaic Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Hugh Outhred is in the School of Electrical...
Hugh Chen
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Yu-Han (Hugh) Chen is the Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation (PA&E) within the Office of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) at the Department of Energy (DOE).� Prior to his...
Hugh Outhred Hugh Outhred Assoc. Prof. of Electrical Engineering Centre for Photovoltaic Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia This speaker was a visiting speaker who delivered a talk or talks on the date(s) shown at the links below. This speaker is not otherwise associated with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, unless specifically identified as a Berkeley Lab staff member. Hugh Outhred is in the School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. He is also a member of the National Electricity Tribunal (a quasi-judicial appeal body associated with Australia's National Electricity Market). His research interests are in electricity industry restructuring and sustainability.Expertise: electricity industry restructuring and
Solar for Mining Hugh Rudnick
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Solar for Mining Hugh Rudnick Professor Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile #12;Solar Energy in Mining · Solar energy is becoming affordable · Attractive potential use for mining purposes · Must solve the storage requirement to increase its participation worldwide #12;Solar Energy in Mining · Electrical Energy
Catholic University of Chile (Universidad Católica de Chile)
Hugh Chen | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Hugh Chen Hugh Chen About Us Hugh Chen - Deputy Director for Finance, Incentives, and Program Analysis Hugh Chen Hugh Chen is the Deputy Director for Finance, Incentives, and Program Analysis within the Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis (EPSA) at the U.S. Department of Energy. Within EPSA, Hugh leads an office that provides independent analysis on energy-related markets, policies, and investments that support the nation's energy goals. Prior to joining EPSA, Hugh was the Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation (PA&E) within the Office of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). At PA&E, Hugh was responsible for goals, performance, and investment decision analysis across DOE's efforts in clean energy, national security, and basic research. Prior to DOE, Hugh spent five years in the Pentagon as a Senior Analyst
FIA-12-0010 - In the Matter of Hughes Socol Piers Resnick DYM...
10 - In the Matter of Hughes Socol Piers Resnick DYM, Ltd. FIA-12-0010 - In the Matter of Hughes Socol Piers Resnick DYM, Ltd. Hughes Socol Piers Resnick DYM, Ltd. (Hughes Socol)...
The four `R's of energy security1 Larry Hughes
ERG/200902 The four `R's of energy security1 Larry Hughes Energy Research Group Department A slightly modified version of this paper was printed in Energy Policy, for copies, please visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.02.038 #12;The four `R's of energy security Larry Hughes Energy Research Group
Hughes, Larry
STATEMENT OF CONSIDERATIONS REQUES'f BY BAKER HUGHES OILFIELD OPERATIONS, INC. ('"BAKER HUGHES")
REQUES'f BY BAKER HUGHES OILFIELD OPERATIONS, INC. ('"BAKER HUGHES") REQUES'f BY BAKER HUGHES OILFIELD OPERATIONS, INC. ('"BAKER HUGHES") FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF PATENT RfGHTS UNDER DOE AWARD NO. DE- EE0005505 ; W(A) 2012-013 Baker Hughes has requested a waiver of patent ri ghts of the United States of Americ a for all s ul~ject inventions arising from its participation tmder the above referenced award entitled ·'D irectional Measurement- Wh ile-Drilling System for Geothermal Applications." The purpose of the av,rard is to develop a reliable Directional Measurement-While·· Drill ing (MWD) System for the creation of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The sys tem to be developed under this award is a probe-based MWD tool for directional drilling that is alternator or battery povvcred, contains a navigation package capable of measuring inclinati
Hughes Power & Light Co | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Hughes Power & Light Co Hughes Power & Light Co Jump to: navigation, search Name Hughes Power & Light Co Place Alaska Utility Id 9000 Utility Location Yes Ownership I NERC Location AK Operates Generating Plant Yes Activity Generation Yes Activity Distribution Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png No rate schedules available. Average Rates Residential: $0.7200/kWh Commercial: $0.7550/kWh References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Hughes_Power_%26_Light_Co&oldid=41084
Comments of Hughes Network Systems, LLC and Inmarsat Inc. | Department of
Hughes Network Systems, LLC and Inmarsat Inc. Hughes Network Systems, LLC and Inmarsat Inc. Comments of Hughes Network Systems, LLC and Inmarsat Inc. Hughes Network Systems, LLC ("Hughes") and Inmarsat Inc. ("Inmarsat") hereby submit these comments in response to the Department of Energy's Request for Information ("RFI") in the above-referenced proceeding. Hughes and Inmarsat are global leaders in providing satellite networks and services and satellite services, respectively. Hughes and Inmarsat, both global satellite communications leaders, have a long-standing commercial relationship and have worked together in various roles on a variety of satellite communications projects over many years, including in the area of Smart Grid projects. The companies submit these joint comments to explain
H-mode performance and pedestal H-mode performance and pedestal studies with enhanced particle control on Alcator C-Mod J.W. Hughes, B. LaBombard, M. Greenwald, A. Hubbard, B. Lipschultz, K. Marr, R. McDermott, M. Reinke, J.L. Terry MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center American Physical Society 49th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics Orlando, FL 14 November 2007 J.W. Hughes et al. "H-mode performance and pedestal studies with enhanced particle control on Alcator C-Mod" 49th APS-DPP, Orlando FL, 14 November 2007 Slide x of 9 Goal: Understand influences of particle control on H-mode behavior 2 Density control desirable in H-mode - Mitigate unwanted density rises that deteriorate confinement - Extend operation to lower collisionality for studies of ELMs and core density peaking
The Challenge of Greening Energy Systems1 Alain Joseph and Larry Hughes
ERG2006/11 The Challenge of Greening Energy Systems1 Alain Joseph and Larry Hughes Energy Research at the second International Green Energy Conference (IGEC) held at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in June 2006 #12;Joseph and Hughes: The Challenge of Greening Energy Systems 1 Abstract Human
Microsoft Word - Hughes + ISAT DOE NBP Smart Grid RFI comments 7-12-10 _clean_.docx
D.C. 20585 D.C. 20585 ____________________________________ In the Matter of ) ) Implementing the National Broadband ) Plan by Studying the Communications ) Docket ID: DOE-HQ-2009-0003-0819 Requirements of Electric Utilities to ) Inform Federal Smart Grid Policy ) ) Request for Information ) ____________________________________) COMMENTS OF HUGHES NETWORK SYSTEMS, LLC AND INMARSAT INC. Hughes Network Systems, LLC ("Hughes") and Inmarsat Inc. ("Inmarsat") hereby submit these comments in response to the Department of Energy's Request for Information ("RFI") in the above-referenced proceeding. 1 Hughes and Inmarsat are global leaders in providing satellite networks and services and satellite services, respectively. Hughes and Inmarsat, both global
FIA-13-0057 - In the Matter of Shawn R. Hughes | Department of Energy
FIA-13-0057 - In the Matter of Shawn R. Hughes FIA-13-0057 - In the Matter of Shawn R. Hughes FIA-13-0057 - In the Matter of Shawn R. Hughes On September 10, 2013, the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) issued a decision denying an appeal (Appeal) from a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) determination issued by the Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). The Appellant, Shawn R. Hughes, contested the adequacy of OSTI's search of records, and also argued that the Office of Information Resources (OIR) should have transferred his FOIA Request to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) to conduct a search for records. After the Appeal was filed, OIR informed OHA that it transferred the Appellant's FOIA Request to the National Nuclear Security
7 - In the Matter of Shawn R. Hughes 7 - In the Matter of Shawn R. Hughes FIA-13-0057 - In the Matter of Shawn R. Hughes On September 10, 2013, the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) issued a decision denying an appeal (Appeal) from a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) determination issued by the Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). The Appellant, Shawn R. Hughes, contested the adequacy of OSTI's search of records, and also argued that the Office of Information Resources (OIR) should have transferred his FOIA Request to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) to conduct a search for records. After the Appeal was filed, OIR informed OHA that it transferred the Appellant's FOIA Request to the National Nuclear Security
BAKER HUGHES INTEQ FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF BAKER HUGHES INTEQ FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN INVENTION RIGHTS UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC26-04NT15473: W(A)-04-068, CH-1246 The Petitioner, Baker Hughes INTEQ (BHI) was awarded this cooperative agreement for the performance of work entitled, "Microhole Smart Steering and Logging While Drilling." The purpose of the cooperative agreement is to develop a modular and effective Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD) system that allows operators to produce existing oil reservoirs, mainly on the North American continent, in a much more effective way than is possible today. The scope of work will include a project that will develop a rib steering device in conjunction with an integral high-performance downhole motor, and a resistivity sensor for formation evaluation.
Modelling the convective flow in solar thermal receivers K.C. Yeh; G. Hughes & K. Lovegrove
Modelling the convective flow in solar thermal receivers K.C. Yeh; G. Hughes & K. Lovegrove density differences produced using the varying salt concentrations in a water tank. The flow to visualise #12;Modelling the Convective Flow in Solar Thermal Receivers Yeh the flow outside the cavity mouth
ICM, Incorporated
ICM, Incorporated ICM, Incorporated Corporate Headquarters: Colwich, KS Proposed Facility Location: St. Joseph, MO Description: ICM will construct and operate a pilot integrated biorefinery using a proven biochemical platform pretreatment technology enhanced by energy recycling and process flow innovations to refine terrestrial lignocellulosic biomass into fuel ethanol. The proposed process furthers the cost effective production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. CEO or Equivalent: Dave Vander Griend, President and CEO Participants: AGCO Engineering; NCAUR-ARS-Peoria; CERES, Inc; Edenspace Systems Corporation; Novozymes North America, Inc; South Dakota State University; Sun Ethanol, Inc.; U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Lab; and VeraSun Energy
t t 0 STATEMENT OF CONSIDERATIONS REQUEST BY BAKER HUGHES INTEQ FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN INVENTION RIGHTS UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC26-05NT15488; W(A)-05-016, CH-1279 The Petitioner, Baker Hughes INTEQ (BHI) was awarded this cooperative agreement for the performance of work entitled, "Microhole Wireless Steering and Logging While Drilling System." The purpose of the cooperative agreement is to develop a modular and effective Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD) system that allows operators to produce existing oil reservoirs, mainly on the North American continent, in a much more effective way than is possible today. This will be accomplished by providing accurate and precise real-time geosteering even under conditions where the rig surface gear and equipment need to be minimized for cost
GLASS FORMULATION TESTING TO INCREASE SULFATE INCORPORATION - Final Report VSL-04R4960-1, Rev 0, 2/28/05, Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of American, Washington, D.C.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
About 50 million gallons of high-level mixed waste is currently in storage in underground tanks at The United States Department of Energy's (DOE's) Hanford site in the State of Washington. The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will provide DOE's Office of River Protection (ORP) with a means of treating this waste by vitrification for subsequent disposal. The tank waste will be separated into low- and high-activity fractions, which will then be vitrified respectively into Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) and Immobilized High Level Waste (IHLW) products. The ILAW product will be disposed of in an engineered facility on the Hanford site while the IHLW product will be directed to the national deep geological disposal facility for high-level nuclear waste. The ILAW and IHLW products must meet a variety of requirements with respect to protection of the environment before they can be accepted for disposal. The Office of River Protection is currently examining options to optimize the Low Activity Waste (LAW) facility and the LAW glass waste form. One option under evaluation is to enhance the waste processing rate of the vitrification plant currently under construction. It is likely that the capacity of the LAW vitrification plant can be increased incrementally by implementation of a variety of low-risk, high-probability changes, either separately or in combination. These changes include: (1) Operating at the higher processing rates demonstrated at the LAW Pilot Melter; (2) Increasing the glass pool surface area within the existing external melter envelope; (3) Increasing plant availability; (4) Increasing the glass waste loading; (5) Removing sulfate from the LAW stream; (6) Operating the melter at slightly higher temperature; (7) Installing the third LAW melter into the WTP plant; and (8) Other smaller impact changes. The melter tests described in this report utilized blended feed (glass formers plus waste simulant) prepared by Optima Chemicals according to VSL specifications. Sufficient feed was prepared to produce over nineteen hundred kilograms of glass during melter tests. The nominal reductant concentration (stoichiometric ratio of 0.5 {approx} 1 mole sucrose per 16 mole NOx or 3 mole carbon per 4 mole NOx) was maintained in all the tests by the addition of sugar at VSL. The DM 10 was used to screen the optimized glass formulation with two alternative aluminum sources (kyanite and zeolite) over a wide range of target sulfur concentrations. Subsequently, based on the DM10 results, nine 12- to 34-hour DM100 tests were conducted; six with kyanite as the aluminum additive at glass sulfur concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 wt.% SO{sub 3}, and the other three with zeolite as the aluminum additive at glass sulfur concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 wt. % SO{sub 3}. The DM 100-WV melter was used in order to provide a direct comparison with the LAW tests previously conducted on the same melter. Key operating parameters such as glass temperature and production rate were held constant to investigate the sulfur incorporation into the glass and the effects of varying the aluminum additive source. The bubbling rate was adjusted to achieve a production rate of 2000 kg/m{sup 2}/day with a near-complete cold cap (90-100% of melt surface covered with feed). Quantitative measurements of glass production rates, melter operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, power, flows, etc.), and off-gas characteristics (NOx, SO{sub 2}, CO, particulate load and composition, and acid gases) were made for each test. Glass samples taken from the glass pool and the discharge chamber were inspected throughout testing to determine the limit of salt-free operation in the melter.
ii. articles of incorporation
led in t.� 1'.� .l'tment of in the '. 84730357. Secretary of the Commonwealth. ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION. OF . ms PIEI'ALHIRGICAL SOCIETY, INC.
Increasing the Service Life of Bridge Decks by Incorporating ...
... to the surface, and from solar energy to the ... and 136 % that of the control mix, suggesting a ... West' states stretching from North Dakota to Arizona. ...
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
. <' ," . . * . RADIATION APPLICATIONS INCORPORATED . 370 Lexl.ngton Avenue New York 17# New York jq.5' L- Contract No. A T (30-l)-2093 with the United States Atom ic Energy Commission F O A M SEPARATION Progress Report for March, 1959 Abstract Appreciable cesium enrichment in the foam has been obtained using the system sodium tetraphenyl boron-Geigy reagent. Enrichment ratios varied from 1.5 to 3.5 depending upon operating conditions. The en- richment appears to depend on the ratio of the sodium tetraphenyl boron to Geigy reagent rather than on the absolute values of the indi- vidual concentrations. Further experiments are being conducted to verify and extend the range of results. Continuous countercurrent column operation has been continued.
DOE Patents (OSTI)
An improved distributed amplifier system employing feedback for stabilization is presented. In accordance with the disclosed invention, a signal to be amplified is applled to one end of a suitable terminated grid transmission line. At intervals along the transmission line, the signal is fed to stable, resistance-capacitance coupled amplifiers incorporating feedback loops therein. The output current from each amplifier is passed through an additional tube to minimize the electrostatic capacitance between the tube elements of the last stage of the amplifier, and fed to appropriate points on an output transmission line, similar to the grid line, but terminated at the opposite (input) end. The output taken from the unterminated end of the plate transmission line is proportional to the input voltage impressed upon the grid line.
Bell, P.R. Jr.
Hugh Hardy Achievements
Jones, project manager; Maya Schali, project architect; JohnMueller, construction architect; Kristina Walker, interiors;Lowenberg, construction architect; Douglas Stebbins, project
a solar-powered house that is energy-efficient, affordable, and attractive. ·Every graduating major of Energy Solar Decathlon 2013. Engineering and architecture students will design then build and operate to the future of Las Vegas. Their work is funded by agencies including the National Science Foundation
Hemmers, Oliver
TOXCO Incorporated | Open Energy Information
Place British Columbia, Canada Zip V1R 4L5 Product British Columbia-based, lithium battery recycling firm. References TOXCO Incorporated1 LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase...
Molex Incorporated | Open Energy Information
Molex Incorporated Molex Incorporated Jump to: navigation, search Name Molex Incorporated Place Lisle, Illinois Zip 60532-1682 Product Illinois-based supplier of electronic components and interconnect products. The firm also produces junction boxes for PV modules. Coordinates 42.351811°, -76.004643° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.351811,"lon":-76.004643,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Tremco Incorporated | Open Energy Information
Tremco Incorporated Tremco Incorporated Jump to: navigation, search Name Tremco Incorporated Place Beachwood, Ohio Zip 44122 Sector Services Product Manufactures and sells roofing materials and services, as well as industrial coatings and sealants. The company has begun an effort to commercialise next generation building integrated PV systems. Coordinates 41.486346°, -81.501319° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.486346,"lon":-81.501319,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Rotek Incorporated | Open Energy Information
Rotek Incorporated Rotek Incorporated Jump to: navigation, search Name Rotek Incorporated Address 1400 South Chillicothe Road Place Aurora, Ohio Zip 44202 Sector Services, Solar, Wind energy Product Engineering/architectural/design; Maintenance and repair; Other:Component Supplier Phone number 330-562-4000 Website http://www.rotek-inc.com Coordinates 41.2783252°, -81.3460793° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.2783252,"lon":-81.3460793,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Synthesis of Monolithic Iron Incorporated Silica Aerogels by Ambient ...
With the Fe to Si molar ratio not exceeding 0.10, the bulk density of iron incorporated silica aerogels increased to 0.55g/cm3, while the porosity reduced to 76%�...
SciTech Connect
As advanced gasification technology is increasingly adopted as an energy source, disposal of the resulting slag will become a problem. We have shown that gasifier slag can be incorporated into foamed glass, which is currently being manufactured as an abrasive and as an insulating material. The slag we add to foamed glass does not simply act as filler, but improves the mechanical properties of the product. Incorporation of gasifier slag can make foamed glass stronger and more abrasion resistant.
Olin Perry Norton; Ronald A. Palmer; W. Gene Ramsey
Enhancing the soil organic matter pool through biomass incorporation.
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
A study was installed in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA, that sought to examine the impact of incorporating downed slash materials into subsoil layers on soil chemical and physical properties as compared with the effect of slash materials left on the soil surface. Baseline levels of slash were estimated by establishing transects within harvested stands and estimating the quantity of down wood and stumps. An equivalent quantity of biomass and two times the baseline levels were incorporated into subsurface soil layers by a CMI RS 500B reclaimer/stabilizer. Two sites were examined which differed in soil textural composition: sandy vs. clay. Site differences had no impact on machine productivity and machine costs were estimated at $US 521 ha-1 and $US 633 ha-1 on the ''sandy'' and ''clay'' sites, respectively. The feasibility of the CM1 for biomass incorporation is low due to high unit area costs but increased machine productivity would reduce costs and improve its potential. Biomass incorporation improved carbon and nutrient content of each site, especially on the sandy site. Slash levels had an impact on nutrient content but the differences were not statistically significant. For the sandy site, improvements in soil physical properties were evident in response to incorporation and machine planting operations. Bulk density and soil strength were reduced in response to biomass incorporation and tillage to levels that would not limit root production. The differences in soil physical response between incorporated treatments were minimal and not statistically significant.
Sanchez, Felipe, G.; Carter, Emily, A.; Klepac, John, F.
Demonstration Assessment of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Walkway Lighting at the Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center, in Atlantic City, New Jersey
This report documents the results of a collaborative project to demonstrate a solid state lighting (SSL) general illumination product in an outdoor area walkway application. In the project, six light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires were installed to replace six existing high pressure sodium (HPS) luminaires mounted on 14-foot poles on a set of exterior walkways and stairs at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) William J. Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during December, 2007. The effort was a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) SSL Technology Gateway Demonstration that involved a collaborative teaming agreement between DOE, FAA and Ruud Lighting (and their wholly owned division, Beta LED). Pre- and post-installation power and illumination measurements were taken and used in calculations of energy savings and related economic payback, while personnel impacted by the new lights were provided questionnaires to gauge their perceptions and feedback. The SSL product demonstrated energy savings of over 25% while maintaining illuminance levels and improving illuminance uniformity. PNNL's economic analysis yielded a variety of potential payback results depending on the assumptions used. In the best case, replacing HPS with the LED luminaire can yield a payback as low as 3 years. The new lamps were quite popular with the affected personnel, who gave the lighting an average score of 4.46 out of 5 for improvement.
Kinzey, Bruce R.; Myer, Michael
Incorporating Experience Curves in Appliance Standards Analysis
The technical analyses in support of U.S. energy conservation standards for residential appliances and commercial equipment have typically assumed that manufacturing costs and retail prices remain constant during the projected 30-year analysis period. There is, however, considerable evidence that this assumption does not reflect real market prices. Costs and prices generally fall in relation to cumulative production, a phenomenon known as experience and modeled by a fairly robust empirical experience curve. Using price data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and shipment data obtained as part of the standards analysis process, we present U.S. experience curves for room air conditioners, clothes dryers, central air conditioners, furnaces, and refrigerators and freezers. These allow us to develop more representative appliance price projections than the assumption-based approach of constant prices. These experience curves were incorporated into recent energy conservation standards for these products. The impact on the national modeling can be significant, often increasing the net present value of potential standard levels in the analysis. In some cases a previously cost-negative potential standard level demonstrates a benefit when incorporating experience. These results imply that past energy conservation standards analyses may have undervalued the economic benefits of potential standard levels.
Garbesi, Karina; Chan, Peter; Greenblatt, Jeffery; Kantner, Colleen; Lekov, Alex; Meyers, Stephen; Rosenquist, Gregory; Buskirk, Robert Van; Yang, Hung-Chia; Desroches, Louis-Benoit
Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations Into Environmental Impact
Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations Into Environmental Impact Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations Into Environmental Impact Analysis Under NEPA Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations Into Environmental Impact Analysis Under NEPA This Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) report is intended to provide background on the emerging, complex subject of biodiversity, outline some general concepts that underlie biological diversity analysis and management, describe how the issue is currently addressed in NEPA analyses, and provide options for agencies undertaking NEPA analyses that consider biodiversity. Council on Environmental Quality: Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations Into Environmental Impact Analysis Under the National Environmental Policy Act More Documents & Publications Habitat Evaluation: Guidance for the Review of Environmental Impact
Incorporating Green Engineering and Sustainability into the ...
Presentation Title, Incorporating Green Engineering and Sustainability into the Engineering Curriculum. Author(s), Richard D Sisson, James C O'Shaughnessy, �...
Guidance on Incorporating EPA's Pollution Prevention Strategy...
Review Process The guidance discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's definition of pollution prevention; how to incorporate pollution prevention into the EPA...
Case Study: Fuel Cells Increase Reliability at First National...
13, 2009). 8. Personal communication with Dennis Hughes, FNBO, 2010. 9. U.S. EPA, eGrid 2007 Version 1.1, Year 2005 Summary Tables, Region MRO West (fossil fuel output)....
Comments of Qualcomm Incorporated | Department of Energy
Qualcomm Incorporated Qualcomm Incorporated Comments of Qualcomm Incorporated Qualcomm is pleased to provide these detailed comments to the Department of Energy ("DOE" or "Department") on how current and future wireless broadband communications capabilities can support the energy management needs of electric utilities, businesses, and consumers, which include requirements for the evolving and growing Smart Grid. The DOE should be applauded for timely following-up on the recommendations in the Federal Communications Commission's National Broadband Plan ("NBP") that focus on how broadband communications systems can achieve the critically important U.S. goals of energy independence and enhanced energy efficiency. See FCC NBP at 247. In this regard, Qualcomm explains how commercial
Incorporation of Cu Acceptors in ZnO Nanocrystals
Doping of semiconductor nanocrystals is an important problem in nanomaterials research. Using infrared (IR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we have observed Cu acceptor dopants that were intentionally introduced into ZnO nanocrystals. The incorporation of Cu2+ dopants increased as the diameter of the nanocrystals was increased from ~3 to 5 nm. Etching the nanocrystals with acetic acid revealed a core-shell structure, where a 2-nm lightly doped core is surrounded by a heavily doped shell. These observations are consistent with the trapped dopant model, in which dopant atoms stick to the surface of the core and are overgrown by the nanocrystal material.
Oo, W.M.H.; Mccluskey, Matthew D.; Huso, Jesse; Morrison, J.; Bergman, Leah; Engelhard, Mark H.; Saraf, Laxmikant V.
Diverse Power Incorporated | Open Energy Information
Diverse Power Incorporated Diverse Power Incorporated Jump to: navigation, search Name Diverse Power Incorporated Place Georgia Utility Id 19219 Utility Location Yes Ownership C NERC Location SERC NERC SERC Yes Activity Distribution Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png General Electric Service Commercial General Electric Service* Commercial Outdoor Lighting HPS 100 W Lighting Outdoor Lighting HPS 150 W Lighting Outdoor Lighting HPS 250 W Lighting Outdoor Lighting HPS 400 W Lighting Outdoor Lighting MH 1000 W Lighting Outdoor Lighting MH 400 W Lighting Outdoor Lighting MV 175 W Lighting
MAN Ferrostaal Incorporated | Open Energy Information
MAN Ferrostaal Incorporated MAN Ferrostaal Incorporated Jump to: navigation, search Name MAN Ferrostaal Incorporated Place Cleveland Zip 44122 Product Project developer and engineering company and US-based operating subsidiary of MAN Ferrostaal AG. Coordinates 41.504365°, -81.690459° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.504365,"lon":-81.690459,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Green River Biodiesel Incorporated | Open Energy Information
Biodiesel Incorporated Biodiesel Incorporated Jump to: navigation, search Name Green River Biodiesel Incorporated Place Houston, Texas Zip 77056 Product Biodiesel project developer and producer. Coordinates 29.76045°, -95.369784° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.76045,"lon":-95.369784,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Abstract--During the last decade, an increasing incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies
and security analysis of electrical power systems. In this paper, we present simulation results illustrating in the operation executions. Transactions on the market, load and generation profile, assets upgrades, maintenance (electrical power grid and its information and communication system (ICS)) in the modeling, design
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Combined cycle power plant incorporating coal gasification
A combined cycle power plant incorporating a coal gasifier as the energy source. The gases leaving the coal gasifier pass through a liquid couplant heat exchanger before being used to drive a gas turbine. The exhaust gases of the gas turbine are used to generate both high pressure and low pressure steam for driving a steam turbine, before being exhausted to the atmosphere.
Liljedahl, Gregory N. (Tariffville, CT); Moffat, Bruce K. (Simsbury, CT)
BIG SUN Energy Technology Incorporation | Open Energy Information
Technology Incorporation Place Taiwan Zip 303 Sector Solar Product Taiwan-based solar cell manufacturer. References BIG SUN Energy Technology Incorporation1 LinkedIn...
Flux Power Incorporated | Open Energy Information
Flux Power Incorporated Flux Power Incorporated Jump to: navigation, search Name Flux Power Incorporated Place Vista, California Zip 92081 Product California-based FLux Ppower was created in late-2009 to provide monitoring, diagnostics and charging technology aimed at extending the life of lithium-ion batteries. The company signed a supply deal with Wheego in January 2010. Coordinates 37.989712°, -93.665689° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":37.989712,"lon":-93.665689,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
General Biodiesel Incorporated | Open Energy Information
Biodiesel Incorporated Biodiesel Incorporated Jump to: navigation, search Name General Biodiesel Incorporated Place Seattle, Washington Zip 98136 Product General BioDieselâ"¢, Inc. specializes in producing high-quality biodiesel by processing vegetable oils (primarily palm, canola, soy, linseed, coconut, mustard and cotton) and by cleaning and recycling cooking oils. Coordinates 47.60356°, -122.329439° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":47.60356,"lon":-122.329439,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Energy Efficient Electrochromic Windows Incorporating Ionic Liquids
One approach to increasing the energy efficiency of windows is to control the amount of solar radiation transmitted through a window by using electrochromic technology. What is unique about this project is that the electrochromic is based on the reduction/oxidation reactions of cathodic and anodic organic semi-conducting polymers using room temperature ionic liquids as ion transport electrolytes. It is believed that these types of coatings would be a lower cost alternative to traditional all inorganic thin film based electrochromic technologies. Although there are patents1 based on the proposed technology, it has never been reduced to practice and thoroughly evaluated (i.e. durability and performance) in a window application. We demonstrate that by using organic semi-conductive polymers, specific bands of the solar spectrum (specifically visible and near infrared) can be targeted for electrochemical variable transmittance responsiveness. In addition, when the technology is incorporated into an insulating glass unit, the energy parameters such as the solar heat gain coefficient and the light to solar gain ratio are improved over that of a typical insulating glass unit comprised of glass with a low emissivity coating. A minimum of {approx}0.02 quads of energy savings per year with a reduction of carbon emissions for electricity of {approx}320 MKg/yr benefit is achieved over that of a typical insulating glass unit including a double silver low-E coating. Note that these values include a penalty in the heating season. If this penalty is removed (i.e. in southern climates or commercial structures where cooling is predominate year-round) a maximum energy savings of {approx}0.05 quad per year and {approx}801 MKg/yr can be achieved over that of a typical insulating glass unit including a double silver low-E coating. In its current state, the technology is not durable enough for an exterior window application. The primary downfall is that the redox chemistry fails to recover to a bleached state upon exposure to heat and solar radiation while being cycled over time from the bleached to the dark state. Most likely the polymers are undergoing degradation reactions which are accelerated by heat and solar exposure while in either the reduced or oxidized states and the performance of the polymers is greatly reduced over time. For this technology to succeed in an exterior window application, there needs to be more work done to understand the degradation of the polymers under real-life application conditions such as elevated temperatures and solar exposure so that recommendations for improvements in to the overall system can be made. This will be the key to utilizing this type of technology in any future real-life applications.
Cheri Boykin; James Finley; Donald Anthony; Julianna Knowles; Richard Markovic; Michael Buchanan; Mary Ann Fuhry; Lisa Perrine
Incorporation of noble metals into aerogels
Aerogels or xerogels containing atomically dispersed noble metals for applications such as environmental remediation are disclosed. New noble metal precursors, such as Pt--Si or Pd(Si--P){sub 2}, have been created to bridge the incompatibility between noble metals and oxygen, followed by their incorporation into the aerogel or xerogel through sol-gel chemistry and processing. Applications include oxidation of hydrocarbons and reduction of nitrogen oxide species, complete oxidation of volatile organic carbon species, oxidative membranes for photocatalysis and partial oxidation for synthetic applications.
Hair, L.M.; Sanner, R.D.; Coronado, P.R.
Aerogels or xerogels containing atomically dispersed noble metals for applications such environmental remediation. New noble metal precursors, such as Pt--Si or Pd(Si--P).sub.2, have been created to bridge the incompatibility between noble metals and oxygen, followed by their incorporation into the aerogel or xerogel through sol-gel chemistry and processing. Applications include oxidation of hydrocarbons and reduction of nitrogen oxide species, complete oxidation of volatile organic carbon species, oxidative membranes for photocatalysis and partial oxidation for synthetic applications.
Hair, Lucy M. (Livermore, CA); Sanner, Robert D. (Livermore, CA); Coronado, Paul R. (Livermore, CA)
Radiation collimator and systems incorporating same
A collimator including a housing having disposed therein a shield element surrounding a converter core in which a photon beam is generated from electrons emanating from a linear accelerator. A beam channeler longitudinally adjacent the shield element has a beam aperture therethrough coaxially aligned with, and of the same diameter as, an exit bore of the converter core. A larger entry bore in the converter core is coaxial with, and longitudinally separated from, the exit bore thereof. Systems incorporating the collimator are also disclosed.
Norman, Daren R. (Idaho Falls, ID); Yoon, Woo Y. (Idaho Falls, ID); Jones, James L. (Idaho Falls, ID); Haskell, Kevin J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Bennett, Brion D. (Idaho Falls, ID); Tschaggeny, Charles W. (Woods Cross, UT); Jones, Warren F. (Idaho Falls, ID)
NEVADA TEAM NEVADA TEAM AGREEMENT BETWEEN WACKENHUT SERVICES, INCORPORATED AND INDEPENDENT GUARD ASSOCIATION OF NEVADA LOCAL NO. 1 2009 - 2014 LAS VEGAS, NEVADA LAS VEGAS, NEVADA AGREEMENT BETWEEN WSI AND INDEPENDENT GUARD ASSOCIATION OF NEVADA LOCAL NO. 1 2009 - 2014 LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 1 AGREEMENT BETWEEN WSI AND INDEPENDENT GUARD ASSOCIATION OF NEVADA LOCAL NO. 1 2009 - 2014 LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 2 PREAMBLE This Agreement is entered into this first day of July 2009, by and between WSI, hereinafter referred to as the "Company" and the Independent Guard Association of Nevada, Local No. 1, hereinafter referred to as the "Union" as the sole and exclusive representative for the purposes of collective bargaining for the Company's employees employed at the locations described in
Radiation shielding materials and containers incorporating same
An improved radiation shielding material and storage systems for radioactive materials incorporating the same. The PYRolytic Uranium Compound ("PYRUC") shielding material is preferably formed by heat and/or pressure treatment of a precursor material comprising microspheres of a uranium compound, such as uranium dioxide or uranium carbide, and a suitable binder. The PYRUC shielding material provides improved radiation shielding, thermal characteristic, cost and ease of use in comparison with other shielding materials. The shielding material can be used to form containment systems, container vessels, shielding structures, and containment storage areas, all of which can be used to house radioactive waste. The preferred shielding system is in the form of a container for storage, transportation, and disposal of radioactive waste. In addition, improved methods for preparing uranium dioxide and uranium carbide microspheres for use in the radiation shielding materials are also provided.
Mirsky, Steven M. (Greenbelt, MD); Krill, Stephen J. (Arlington, VA); Murray, Alexander P. (Gaithersburg, MD)
Radiation Shielding Materials and Containers Incorporating Same
An improved radiation shielding material and storage systems for radioactive materials incorporating the same. The PYRolytic Uranium Compound (''PYRUC'') shielding material is preferably formed by heat and/or pressure treatment of a precursor material comprising microspheres of a uranium compound, such as uranium dioxide or uranium carbide, and a suitable binder. The PYRUC shielding material provides improved radiation shielding, thermal characteristic, cost and ease of use in comparison with other shielding materials. The shielding material can be used to form containment systems, container vessels, shielding structures, and containment storage areas, all of which can be used to house radioactive waste. The preferred shielding system is in the form of a container for storage, transportation, and disposal of radioactive waste. In addition, improved methods for preparing uranium dioxide and uranium carbide microspheres for use in the radiation shielding materials are also provided.
Mirsky, Steven M.; Krill, Stephen J.; and Murray, Alexander P.
Incorporating LCA tools in integrated simulation environments
In this paper we address the issue of building data schema evolution in integrated simulation environments, as seen from the perspective of incorporating LCA tools within these environments. First we describe the key features of an integrated simulation environment designed for expandability, focusing on (a) the mechanism for the expansion of the integrated environment, and (b) its overall system architecture that allows processes and data to be added to the system without modifications or restructuring of existing code. We then focus on how the data schema allows the inclusion and maintenance of specialized construction objects bearing LCA data. Finally, we discuss various integration issues that arise from modeling capabilities and idiosyncrasies of individual simulation and analysis tools.
Pal, Vineeta; Papamichael, Konstantinos; Bourassa, Norman; Loffeld, John J.
Solar cells incorporating light harvesting arrays
A solar cell incorporates a light harvesting array that comprises: (a) a first substrate comprising a first electrode; and (b) a layer of light harvesting rods electrically coupled to the first electrode, each of the light harvesting rods comprising a polymer of Formula I: X.sup.1.paren open-st.X.sup.m+1).sub.m (I) wherein m is at least 1, and may be from two, three or four to 20 or more; X.sup.1 is a charge separation group (and preferably a porphyrinic macrocycle, which may be one ligand of a double-decker sandwich compound) having an excited-state of energy equal to or lower than that of X.sup.2 ; and X.sup.2 through X.sup.m+1 are chromophores (and again are preferably porphyrinic macrocycles).
Lindsey, Jonathan S. (Raleigh, NC); Meyer, Gerald J. (Baltimore, MD)
The Recent Increase in North Atlantic Wave Heights
The nature and causes of the recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights are explored by combining a numerical hindcast with a statistical analysis. The numerical hindcast incorporates a 10-yr history (1980�89) of North Atlantic, twice daily ...
Y. Kushnir; V. J. Cardone; J. G. Greenwood; M. A. Cane
Increasing Confidence In Geothermal Heat Pump Design Methods
Sizing the ground heat exchanger is one of the most important tasks in the design of a geothermal heat pump (GHP) system. Undersizing the heat exchanger can result in poor operating efficiency, reduced comfort, and nuisance heat pump lockouts on safety controls, while an oversized heat exchanger increases the installation cost of the system. The cost of ground loop installation may mean the difference between a feasible and an unfeasible project. Thus there are strong incentives to select heat exchanger lengths which allow satisfactory performance under all operating conditions within a feasible project budget. Sizing a ground heat exchanger is not a simple calculation. In the first place, there is usually some uncertainty in the peak block and annual space conditioning loads for the building to be served by the GHPs. The thermal properties of the soil formation may be unknown as well. Drilling logs and core samples can identify the soil type, but handbook values for the thermal properties of soils vary widely. Properly-done short-term on-site tests and data analysis to obtain thermal properties provide more accurate information, but since these tests are expensive they are usually only feasible in large projects. Given the uncertainties inherent in the process, if designers were truly working 'close to the edge' - selecting the absolute minimum heat exchanger length required to meet the predicted loads - one would expect to see more examples of undersized heat exchangers. Indeed there have been a few. However, over the past twenty years GHPs have been installed and successfully operated at thousands of locations all over the world. Conversations with customers and facility managers reveal a high degree of satisfaction with the technology, but studies of projects reveal far more cases of generously sized ground heat exchangers than undersized ones. This indicates that the uncertainties in space conditioning loads and soil properties are covered by a factor of safety. These conservative designs increase the installed cost of GHP systems, limiting their use and applicability. Moreover, as ground heat exchanger sizing methods have improved, they have suggested (and field tests are beginning to verify) that standard bore backfill practices lead to unnecessarily large ground heat exchangers. Growing evidence suggests that in many applications use of sand backfill with a grout plug at the surface, or use of bottom-to-top thermally enhanced grout, may provide groundwater protection equal to current practice at far less cost. Site tests of thermal properties provides more accurate information, but since these tests are expensive they are usually only performed in large projects. Even so, because soil properties can vary over a distance as small as a few feet, the value of these tests is limited. One objective of ongoing research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is to increase designers confidence in available ground heat exchanger sizing methods that lead to reliable yet cost-effective designs. To this end we have developed research-grade models that address the interactions between buildings, geothermal heat pump systems and ground heat exchangers The first application of these models was at Fort Polk, Louisiana, where the space conditioning systems of over 4,000 homes were replaced with geothermal heat pumps (Shonder and Hughes, 1997; Hughes et. al., 1997). At Fort Polk, the models were calibrated to detailed data from one of the residences. Data on the energy use of the heat pump, combined with inlet and outlet water temperature and flow rate in the ground heat exchangers, allowed us to determine the thermal properties of the soil formation being experienced by the operating GHP system. Outputs from the models provide all the data required by the various commercially-available ground loop sizing programs. Accurate knowledge of both the building loads and the soil properties eliminated the uncertainty normally associated with the design process, and allowed us to compare the predictions of the commercially-available
Shonder, John A [ORNL; Hughes, Patrick [ORNL
Introduction: Incorporating local developments to DSpace
the install process very long Having a separate JAR for the module may be more desirable Building components into the same package increases the ease with which modules may utilise eachother's functionality makes it easier to extend existing core functionality...
Jones, Richard
Blasting detonators incorporating semiconductor bridge technology
The enormity of the coal mine and extraction industries in Russia and the obvious need in both Russia and the US for cost savings and enhanced safety in those industries suggests that joint studies and research would be of mutual benefit. The author suggests that mine sites and well platforms in Russia offer an excellent opportunity for the testing of Sandia`s precise time-delay semiconductor bridge detonators, with the potential for commercialization of the detonators for Russian and other world markets by both US and Russian companies. Sandia`s semiconductor bridge is generating interest among the blasting, mining and perforation industries. The semiconductor bridge is approximately 100 microns long, 380 microns wide and 2 microns thick. The input energy required for semiconductor bridge ignition is one-tenth the energy required for conventional bridgewire devices. Because semiconductor bridge processing is compatible with other microcircuit processing, timing and logic circuits can be incorporated onto the chip with the bridge. These circuits can provide for the precise timing demanded for cast effecting blasting. Indeed tests by Martin Marietta and computer studies by Sandia have shown that such precise timing provides for more uniform rock fragmentation, less fly rock, reduce4d ground shock, fewer ground contaminants and less dust. Cost studies have revealed that the use of precisely timed semiconductor bridges can provide a savings of $200,000 per site per year. In addition to Russia`s vast mineral resources, the Russian Mining Institute outside Moscow has had significant programs in rock fragmentation for many years. He anticipated that collaborative studies by the Institute and Sandia`s modellers would be a valuable resource for field studies.
Bickes, R.W. Jr.
Polymers with increased order
The invention features polymers with increased order, and methods of making them featuring a dense gas.
Sawan, Samuel P. (Tyngsborough, MA); Talhi, Abdelhafid (Rochester, MI); Taylor, Craig M. (Jemez Springs, NM)
Amorphous silicon Schottky barrier solar cells incorporating a thin insulating layer and a thin doped layer
Amorphous silicon Schottky barrier solar cells which incorporate a thin insulating layer and a thin doped layer adjacent to the junction forming metal layer exhibit increased open circuit voltages compared to standard rectifying junction metal devices, i.e., Schottky barrier devices, and rectifying junction metal insulating silicon devices, i.e., MIS devices.
Carlson, David E. (Yardley, PA)
Deuterium incorporation in biomass cell wall components by NMR analysis
A commercially available deuterated kale sample was analyzed for deuterium incorporation by ionic liquid solution 2H and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This protocol was found to effectively measure the percent deuterium incorporation at 33%, comparable to the 31% value determined by combustion. The solution NMR technique also suggested by a qualitative analysis that deuterium is preferentially incorporated into the carbohydrate components of the kale sample.
Foston, Marcus B [ORNL; McGaughey, Joseph [ORNL; O'Neill, Hugh Michael [ORNL; Evans, Barbara R [ORNL; Ragauskas, Arthur J [ORNL
Formation and Incorporation Energies of Fission Gases He, Xe, and ...
Presentation Title, Formation and Incorporation Energies of Fission Gases He, Xe , ... nuclear fuels are bcc alloys of uranium that swell under fission conditions,�...
a significantly improved combustion system for its Mercury 50 advanced industrial gas turbine by selectively incorporating advanced alloys, coatings, and composite and...
Glass Plates under Micro-indentation� Incorporation in Glass Ionomer
Effects of nanocrystalline calcium de?cient hydroxyapatite gnCDHAl incorporation in glass ..... K., Nishino, M., 2003. Toughness, bonding and ?uoride release.
Incorporating Genomics and Bioinformatics across the Life Sciences Curriculum
Page Incorporating Genomics and Bioinformatics across the2007) Discovering Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics,2003) Public access for teaching genomics, proteomics, and
Ditty, Jayna L.
Methods of selectively incorporating metals onto substrates
A method for forming multi-metallic sites on a substrate is disclosed and described. A substrate including active groups such as hydroxyl can be reacted with a pretarget metal complex. The target metal attached to the active group can then be reacted with a secondary metal complex such that an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction occurs to form a multi-metallic species. The substrate can be a highly porous material such as aerogels, xerogels, zeolites, and similar materials. Additional metal complexes can be reacted to increase catalyst loading or control co-catalyst content. The resulting compounds can be oxidized to form oxides or reduced to form metals in the ground state which are suitable for practical use.
Ernst; Richard D. (Salt Lake City, UT), Eyring; Edward M. (Salt Lake City, UT), Turpin; Gregory C. (Salt Lake City, UT), Dunn; Brian C. (Salt Lake City, UT)
Increased Power Flow Guidebook
The Increased Power Flow (IPF) Guidebook is a state-of-the-art and best practices guidebook on increasing power flow capacities of existing overhead transmission lines, underground cables, power transformers, and substation equipment without compromising safety and reliability. The Guidebook discusses power system concerns and limiting conditions to increasing capacity, reviews available technology options and methods, illustrates alternatives with case studies, and analyzes costs and benefits of differe...
Shale-oil-recovery systems incorporating ore beneficiation. Final report.
This study analyzed the recovery of oil from oil shale by use of proposed systems which incorporate beneficiation of the shale ore (that is concentration of the kerogen before the oil-recovery step). The objective was to identify systems which could be more attractive than conventional surface retorting of ore. No experimental work was carried out. The systems analyzed consisted of beneficiation methods which could increase kerogen concentrations by at least four-fold. Potentially attractive low-enrichment methods such as density separation were not examined. The technical alternatives considered were bounded by the secondary crusher as input and raw shale oil as output. A sequence of ball milling, froth flotation, and retorting concentrate is not attractive for Western shales compared to conventional ore retorting; transporting the concentrate to another location for retorting reduces air emissions in the ore region but cost reduction is questionable. The high capital and energy cost s results largely from the ball milling step which is very inefficient. Major improvements in comminution seem achievable through research and such improvements, plus confirmation of other assumptions, could make high-enrichment beneficiation competitive with conventional processing. 27 figures, 23 tables.
Weiss, M.A.; Klumpar, I.V.; Peterson, C.R.; Ring, T.A.
Genetic Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Proteins for Protein Function Investigation
With the objective to functionalize proteins for the understanding of their biological roles and developing protein-based biosensors, I have been developing methods to synthesize proteins with defined modifications and applying them to study protein functional roles and generate proteins with new properties. These methods rely on the read-through of an in-frame stop codon in mRNA by a nonsense suppressor tRNA specifically acylated with a noncanoncial amino acid (NAA) by a unique aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and the genetic incorporation of this NAA at the stop codon site. NAAs either provide chemical handles for site-specific manipulation or mimic the posttranslational modifications, which are critical for understanding cellular regulations and signal transduction. The pyrrolysine synthetase (PylRS) has been wildly used to incorporate NAAs into proteins in E. coli. Taking advantage of PylRS, I have developed method to genetically incorporate ketone-containing N-?-acetyl-L-lysine analog, 2-amino-8-oxononanoic acid (KetoK), into proteins for their site-specific modifications and used it to mimic the protein lysine acetylation process. I have also modified the ribosome in order to improve the amber suppression efficiency and therefore to achieve incorporation of multiple copies of NAA into one protein. By overexpressing a truncated ribosomal protein, L11C, I have demonstrated 5-fold increase of amber suppression level in E. coli, leading to higher expression levels for proteins incorporated with NAAs. I have also demonstrated this method can be applied successfully to incorporate at least 3 NAAs into one protein in E. coli. With the success of incorporating multiple NAAs into one protein, I have further introduced two distinct NAAs into one protein simultaneously. This is done by using a wild type or evolved PylRS-pylTUUA pair and an evolved M. jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (MjTyrRS)-tRNACUA pair. By suppressing both UAG and UAA stop codons in one mRNA, a protein incorporated with two NAAs is synthesized with a decent yield. There is of great interest to incorporate new NAAs into proteins, which is done by library selection. By introducing both positive and negative selective markers into one plasmid, I have developed a one-plasmid selection method. In this method, the positive and negative selections are accomplished by in a single type of cells hosting a single selection plasmid.
Huang, Ying
Guidance: Incorporating EPA's Pollution Prevention Strategy into Environmental Reviews
$'1 $'1 f%'1OIR A N Iv { JM ............................................... EiW'KRO>31ENTAL PROTECTIOX AGENCY OFF~E C)F FEI)ERAL ACTIVITIES Guidance on Incorporating EPA's Pollution Prevention Strategy ,' into EPA's Environmental Revielv Process The Office of Federal Activities (OFA) is issuing guidance which incorporates the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pollution Prevention Strategy into the Agency's National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act review processes. Prevention To implement thePollution Act of 1990, this guidance focuses primarily upon influencing federal agencies' policies, practices, and regulatory functions to incorporate pollution prevention into their planning and decision-making. IMckzround
Technical Assistance to PDMA Punjab in Incorporating Climate Compatibility
Assistance to PDMA Punjab in Incorporating Climate Compatibility Assistance to PDMA Punjab in Incorporating Climate Compatibility Considerations into Reconstruction and Village Development Planning Jump to: navigation, search Name Technical Assistance to PDMA Punjab in Incorporating Climate Compatibility Considerations into Reconstruction and Village Development Planning Agency/Company /Organization Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), United Kingdom Department for International Development Partner Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), Government of Pakistan Sector Climate, Land Focus Area Renewable Energy, Economic Development, Energy Efficiency, Greenhouse Gas, Land Use Topics Adaptation, Finance, Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://cdkn.org/project/planni
Campaigns and incentive programs that incorporate ENERGY STAR | ENERGY STAR
Campaigns and incentive programs that incorporate ENERGY STAR Campaigns and incentive programs that incorporate ENERGY STAR Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section Policies that specify the use of ENERGY STAR tools Campaigns and incentive programs that incorporate ENERGY STAR Lead by example Gather support Develop programs and policies Host a competition Use financing vehicles
Pakistan-Technical Assistance to PDMA Punjab in Incorporating Climate
Pakistan-Technical Assistance to PDMA Punjab in Incorporating Climate Pakistan-Technical Assistance to PDMA Punjab in Incorporating Climate Compatibility Considerations into Reconstruction and Village Development Planning Jump to: navigation, search Name Technical Assistance to PDMA Punjab in Incorporating Climate Compatibility Considerations into Reconstruction and Village Development Planning Agency/Company /Organization Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), United Kingdom Department for International Development Partner Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), Government of Pakistan Sector Climate, Land Focus Area Renewable Energy, Economic Development, Energy Efficiency, Greenhouse Gas, Land Use Topics Adaptation, Finance, Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://cdkn.org/project/planni
Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations into Environmental Impact Analysis under NEPA
Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations Into Environmental Impact Analysis Under the National Environmental Policy Act Incorporating Biodiversity Considerations Into Environmental Impact Analysis Under the National Environmental Policy Act CouncilonEnvironmental Quality Executive Officeof thePresident 722Jackson Place, NW Washington, DC 20503 January 1993 This report presents the results of consultations by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) concerning the consideration of biological diversity in analyses prepared under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). This report is intended to provide background on the emerging, complex subject of biodi- versity, outline some general concepts that underlie biological diversity analysis and man-
Diesel prices increase
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Diesel prices increase The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.84 a gallon on Monday. That's up 2.2 cents from a week ago, based on the weekly price...
Diesel prices increase nationally
Diesel prices increase nationally The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.91 a gallon on Monday. That's up 1.3 cents from a week ago, based on the...
Energy Security in Nova Scotia Larry Hughes
Governance Committee (EMGC) report listed 89 recommendations for changing the way the electricity. The recently proposed renewable energy standard (RES), Nova Scotia's version of RPS, has a 5 percent "new Norway to northern Europe and LNG to Spain and the U.K. are being touted as the means of helping
Ved March 30, 2007 Interest in the gas-to-liquid process (GTL) using Fischer-Tropsch reactors (F-T) has The Fischer Tropsch (F-T) synthesis was originally devel- oped in Germany in the 1920s by Franz Fischer into syngas and, then, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of syngas into synthetic liquid fuels. A first plant
Langston Hughes Elementary School Renewable Energy
_______________________________________ 24 3.1.2 Daylight _____________________________________________ 26 3.1.3 HVAC Systems-Test logistics. Gary Schmidt provided invaluable contributions in programming the survey and Mini-Test systems Support: The authors wish to thank Chris Hunt of City Visual Systems Ltd, at City College, London, for his
National Policy Assurances to be Incorporated as Award Terms | Department
National Policy Assurances to be Incorporated as Award Terms National Policy Assurances to be Incorporated as Award Terms National Policy Assurances to be Incorporated as Award Terms The following are the National Policy Assurances which are incorporated by reference as Award Terms at time of Award. The National Policy Assurances which apply to the award are those in effect on the date of award. For example, the August 2008 version applies to all awards from August 2008 through the present. National_Policy_Assurances-September_ 2011.pdf National Policy Assurances - August 2008 National Policy Assurances - September 2007 National Policy Assurances - May 2006 National Policy Assurances - July 2005 National Policy Assurances - October 2004 More Documents & Publications Microsoft Word - NationalPolicyAssurances5-06.doc
DOE Cites Bechtel National Incorporated for Price-Anderson Violations |
Incorporated for Price-Anderson Incorporated for Price-Anderson Violations DOE Cites Bechtel National Incorporated for Price-Anderson Violations March 16, 2006 - 12:46pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The Department of Energy (DOE) today notified Bechtel National Incorporated (BNI) that it will fine the company $198,000 for violations of the Department's nuclear safety requirements. BNI is the primary design and construction contractor for the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The Preliminary Notice of Violation (PNOV) issued today cited a series of violations that occurred during the design and construction of the WTP between May 2002 and September 2005. Violations include failure to abide by design codes documented in facility safety requirements, failure to abide by inspection requirements for waste processing vessels, failure to utilize
Incorporated for Price-Anderson Incorporated for Price-Anderson Violations DOE Cites Bechtel National Incorporated for Price-Anderson Violations October 4, 2007 - 3:14pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today notified Bechtel National Incorporated (BNI) that it will fine the company $165,000 for violations of the Department's nuclear safety requirements. BNI is the primary design and construction contractor for the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) located at the Hanford Site in Richland, Washington. The Preliminary Notice of Violation (PNOV) issued today cited a series of violations that occurred during the design and construction of the WTP between October 2001 and February 2006. Violations include failures in quality processes to control design changes, and to ensure vendor-supplied
Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach: Incorporating Wind in Cap and Trade
Wind Powering America (EERE)
Incorporating Wind in Cap and Trade Programs Incorporating Wind in Cap and Trade Programs There are various methods of allocating allowances to renewable energy sources under cap and trade programs, such as renewable energy set asides and output-based approaches. Background materials and presentations from the January 12, 2006 Webcast below, provide information on why it is important to include wind and other renewables in cap and trade programs and how best to incorporate them. Implications of Carbon Regulation for Green Power Markets Bird, L.; Holt, E.; Carroll, G. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, April 2007. January 12, 2006 Webcast: Incorporating Renewable Energy under the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) Co-Sponsors American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) U.S. DOE/NREL Wind Powering America
ISO New England, Incorporated Smart Grid Project | Open Energy Information
Incorporated Smart Grid Project Incorporated Smart Grid Project Jump to: navigation, search Project Lead ISO New England, Incorporated Country United States Headquarters Location Holyoke, Massachusetts Additional Benefit Places Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont Recovery Act Funding $7993714 Total Project Value $18087427 Coverage Area Coverage Map: ISO New England, Incorporated Smart Grid Project Coordinates 42.2042586°, -72.6162009° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[]}
Incorporating Non-energy Benefits into Energy Savings Performance Contracts
the purposes of this paper, non-energy benefits are definedthat Incorporate Non-energy Benefits This paper identified aPaper presented to American Council for an Energy Efficient
Larsen, Peter
Incorporating software architecture in the computer science curriculum
This workshop introduces the concepts of software architecture and how to incorporate these concepts into the computer science and software engineering curriculum. Participants will learn techniques used in industry to specify quality attributes critical ...
Martin L. Barrett; Ayse Bener; Steve Chenoweth
The Intrinsic Structure of Optic Flow Incorporating Measurement Duality
The purpose of this article is to define optic flow for scalar and density images without using a priori knowledge other than its defining conservation principle, and to incorporate measurement ...
Luc Florack; Wiro Niessen; Mads Nielsen
Effects of Incorporation of Silica and Zirconia Nanoparticles on the ...
Composites with weak interface showed essentially no change in Tg and damping or even ... On the other hand, incorporation of the particles did not alter the thermal ... of a Novel Hybrid Bimodal Network Elastomer with Inorganic Cross
Single and Multiple Heteroatom Incorporation in MFI Zeolites
Zeolites are crystalline inorganic solids that are industrially used for adsorption, ion exchange and catalysis. As catalysts, they have been particularly successful in the hydrocarbon processing industry due to their unique activities and selectivities. Zeolites are mainly used in acid catalyzed reactions, but their catalytic functionality can be diversified through the incorporation of elements that are traditionally not part of their framework. The incorporation of various elements has been studied in recent decades resulting in zeolites with potential to perform different chemistries or improve catalytic performance in existing ones. However, many of these investigations have been conducted under conditions that do not necessarily represent realistic scenarios for industrial implementation. The main objective of this dissertation was to study the single and simultaneous framework incorporation of tin, boron, germanium and aluminum in MFI zeolites under synthesis conditions that are more in line with industrial preparations. These include the use of mixtures in alkaline media with high concentration of precursor species. The interest on tin resides on its potential for Lewis acid catalysis, while boron and germanium have potential for modulating acid strength and enhancing catalytic properties respectively. Three specific systems were studied: MFI zeolites with simultaneous incorporation of germanium and aluminum (i.e. Ge-Al-MFI zeolites), MFI zeolites with simultaneous incorporation of germanium and boron (i.e. B-Ge-MFI zeolites), and MFI zeolites with single incorporation of tin (i.e. Sn-MFI zeolites). Systematic synthesis experiments were coupled with extensive analytical characterization in order to assess how element incorporation and zeolite physicochemical properties are affected by synthesis conditions. In addition, the catalytic activity of Sn-MFI zeolites for the hydroxylation of phenol was studied. The general conclusion from this work is that framework incorporation of these elements is highly influenced by pH, mixture composition and the presence of sodium cations. Sodium cations are commonly included in industrial preparations through the use of sodium hydroxide, but they were found to negatively affect framework incorporation due to a tendency to form stable extra-framework impurities with the heteroatoms, especially germanium and tin. pH and mixture composition are particularly influential in controlling germanium and boron incorporation, while the incorporation of tin, its coordination environment and catalytic performance were found to depend on synthesis conditions as well as post-synthesis treatments.
Garcia Vargas, Nataly
Incorporating Rigorous Height Determination into Unified Fracture Design
Hydraulic fracturing plays an important role in increasing production rate in tight reservoirs. The performance of the reservoir after fracturing can be observed from the productivity index. This parameter is dependent on the fracture geometry; height, length and width. Unified fracture design (UFD) offers a method to determine the fracture dimensions providing the maximum productivity index for a specific proppant amount. Then, in order to achieve the maximum productivity index, the treatment schedules including the amount of liquid and proppant used for each stage must be determined according to the fracture dimensions obtained from the UFD. The proppant number is necessary for determining the fracture geometry using the UFD. This number is used to find the maximum productivity index for a given proppant amount. Then, the dimensionless fracture conductivity index corresponding to the maximum productivity index can be computed. The penetration ration, the fracture length, and the propped fracture width can be computed from the dimensionless fracture conductivity. However, calculating the proppant number used in UFD requires the fracture height as an input. The most convenient way to estimate fracture height to input to the UFD is to assume that the fracture height is restricted by stress contrast between the pay zone and over and under-lying layers. In other words, the fracture height is assumed to be constant, independent of net pressure and equal to the thickness of the layer which has the least minimum principal stress. However, in reality, the fracture may grow out from the target formation and the height of fracture is dependent on the net pressure during the treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to couple determination of the fracture height with determination of the other fracture parameters. In this research, equilibrium height theory is applied to rigorously determine the height of fracture. Solving the problem iteratively, it is possible to incorporate the rigorous fracture height determination into the unified fracture design.
Pitakbunkate, Termpan
Disk Quota Increase Request
Disk Disk Quota Increase Disk Quota Increase Request NERSC will consider reasonable requests for changes in disk space and inode limits. Please submit a request through the "Request Forms" section at the NERSC help portal. If you select "Hopper scratch directory" from the "File System" menu below, the quota value requested applies to the combined contents of $SCRATCH and $SCRATCH2. Please ask for the least amount of resources you need, since the sum of disk space and inodes allocated to users already exceeds system capacity. In other words, system resources would be exhausted before all users could use their existing quotas. You can find out the current quotas and usage of disk space and inodes for your home and scratch file systems with the myquota command. You can find
Pemex increasing offshore activity
Although austere by boom-year standards, Mexico's National Energy Program for 1984-1988 calls for forty wildcats and 90 to 144 development wells off the coast, primarily in the prolific Campeche Bay area. Platform additions will include nine drilling platforms, each for twelve wells, and eight eight platforms to drill injection wells. Additionally, 7 production, 6 accomodation, 6 linkage and 8 compression platforms and 13 tetrapods will be installed. The main objectives of the plan are energy self-sufficiency through the turn of the century, and energy diversification, savings and productivity. The most controversial portion of Mexico's energy program is that calling for nuclear energy development. The energy program lists three basic goals in hydrocarbon production: continuing research on better techniques of secondary recovery; increasing capacity for refining primary and secondary crude products and improving production of heavy crudes; and increasing storage capacity and installing pipelines capable of carrying a greater volume of crude.
Beachy, D.
Undergraduate life sciences education needs an overhaul, as clearly described in the National Research Council of the National Academies publication BIO 2010: Transforming Undergraduate Education for Future Research Biologists. Among BIO 2010's top recommendations is the need to involve students in working with real data and tools that reflect the nature of life sciences research in the 21st century. Education research studies support the importance of utilizing primary literature, designing and implementing experiments, and analyzing results in the context of a bona fide scientific question in cultivating the analytical skills necessary to become a scientist. Incorporating these basic scientific methodologies in undergraduate education leads to increased undergraduate and post-graduate retention in the sciences. Toward this end, many undergraduate teaching organizations offer training and suggestions for faculty to update and improve their teaching approaches to help students learn as scientists, through design and discovery (e.g., Council of Undergraduate Research [www.cur.org] and Project Kaleidoscope [www.pkal.org]). With the advent of genome sequencing and bioinformatics, many scientists now formulate biological questions and interpret research results in the context of genomic information. Just as the use of bioinformatic tools and databases changed the way scientists investigate problems, it must change how scientists teach to create new opportunities for students to gain experiences reflecting the influence of genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics on modern life sciences research. Educators have responded by incorporating bioinformatics into diverse life science curricula. While these published exercises in, and guidelines for, bioinformatics curricula are helpful and inspirational, faculty new to the area of bioinformatics inevitably need training in the theoretical underpinnings of the algorithms. Moreover, effectively integrating bioinformatics into courses or independent research projects requires infrastructure for organizing and assessing student work. Here, we present a new platform for faculty to keep current with the rapidly changing field of bioinformatics, the Integrated Microbial Genomes Annotation Collaboration Toolkit (IMG-ACT). It was developed by instructors from both research-intensive and predominately undergraduate institutions in collaboration with the Department of Energy-Joint Genome Institute (DOE-JGI) as a means to innovate and update undergraduate education and faculty development. The IMG-ACT program provides a cadre of tools, including access to a clearinghouse of genome sequences, bioinformatics databases, data storage, instructor course management, and student notebooks for organizing the results of their bioinformatic investigations. In the process, IMG-ACT makes it feasible to provide undergraduate research opportunities to a greater number and diversity of students, in contrast to the traditional mentor-to-student apprenticeship model for undergraduate research, which can be too expensive and time-consuming to provide for every undergraduate. The IMG-ACT serves as the hub for the network of faculty and students that use the system for microbial genome analysis. Open access of the IMG-ACT infrastructure to participating schools ensures that all types of higher education institutions can utilize it. With the infrastructure in place, faculty can focus their efforts on the pedagogy of bioinformatics, involvement of students in research, and use of this tool for their own research agenda. What the original faculty members of the IMG-ACT development team present here is an overview of how the IMG-ACT program has affected our development in terms of teaching and research with the hopes that it will inspire more faculty to get involved.
Ditty, Jayna L.; Kvaal, Christopher A.; Goodner, Brad; Freyermuth, Sharyn K.; Bailey, Cheryl; Britton, Robert A.; Gordon, Stuart G.; Heinhorst, Sabine; Reed, Kelynne; Xu, Zhaohui; Sanders-Lorenz, Erin R.; Axen, Seth; Kim, Edwin; Johns, Mitrick; Scott, Kathleen; Kerfeld, Cheryl A.
Incorporating Aggregated PV Systems into the Power Grid | Open Energy
Incorporating Aggregated PV Systems into the Power Grid Incorporating Aggregated PV Systems into the Power Grid Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Spain Installed Wind Capacity Website Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Market Analysis Website: www.gwec.net/index.php?id=131 Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/spain-installed-wind-capacity-website Language: English Policies: Regulations Regulations: Feed-in Tariffs This website presents an overview of total installed wind energy capacity in Spain per year from 2000 to 2010. The page also presents the main market developments from 2010; a policy summary; a discussion of the revision in feed-in tariffs in 2010; and a future market outlook. References Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Incorporating_Aggregated_PV_Systems_into_the_Power_Grid&oldid=514463
Incorporating Wind Generation in Cap and Trade Programs
Incorporating Wind Generation in Incorporating Wind Generation in Cap and Trade Programs Joel Bluestein Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. Elizabeth Salerno American Wind Energy Association Lori Bird and Laura Vimmerstedt National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report NREL/TP-500-40006 July 2006 Incorporating Wind Generation in Cap and Trade Programs Joel Bluestein Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. Elizabeth Salerno American Wind Energy Association Lori Bird and Laura Vimmerstedt National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. WER6 6006 Technical Report NREL/TP-500-4006 July 2006 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Manufacturing Plants Incorporate Energy Efficiency into Business Model |
Manufacturing Plants Incorporate Energy Efficiency into Business Manufacturing Plants Incorporate Energy Efficiency into Business Model Manufacturing Plants Incorporate Energy Efficiency into Business Model April 27, 2011 - 12:15pm Addthis Participants of the Superior Energy Performance certification program | Photo Courtesy of Texas Industries of the Future/Dave Bray Participants of the Superior Energy Performance certification program | Photo Courtesy of Texas Industries of the Future/Dave Bray Lowell Sachs Lead Technology Partnership Specialist, Industrial Technologies Program Four Texas-based manufacturing plants are adopting robust energy efficiency standards as part of an energy management certification program led by the Department of Energy's Industrial Technologies Program. The certification program, called Superior Energy Performance, provides a
XANTREX TECHNOLOGY, INCORPORATED FOR AN XANTREX TECHNOLOGY, INCORPORATED FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PATENT RIGHTS UNDER DOE PRIME CONTRACT NO. DE-FC36-83CH10093 AND SUBCONTRACT NO. NREL-NDO-1-30628-02; W(A)-01-036; CH-1081 As set out in the attached waiver petition, Xantrex Technology, Incorporated (Xantrex) has requested an advance waiver of domestic and foreign patent rights for all subject inventions made by its employees under the above-identified subcontract, entitled "PV Invertor Products Manufacturing and Design Improvement for Cost Reduction and Performance Enhancement". The purpose of the subcontract encompasses the development of improved photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing processes and products while reducing costs and providing a technology foundation that supports significant manufacturing scale-up. Xantex intends to accomplish this
ACARS Aerodynamic (Research Incorporated) Communication and Recording System
ix ix Acrononyms and Abbreviations Acronyms and Abbreviations ACARS Aerodynamic (Research Incorporated) Communication and Recording System ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study AER Atmospheric Environmental Research, Inc. AERI Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer AFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific Research AGARD Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development ALFA AER Local Forecast and Assimilation (model) AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project ARCS Atmosphere Radiation and Cloud Stations ARCSS Arctic System Science (NSF) ARCSYM Arctic Regional Climate System Model ARINC Aerodynamic Research Incorporated Communication ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program AS anvil stratus ASTER Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange Research ASTEX Altantic Stratocumulus Transition EXperiment
"Violent Intent Modeling: Incorporating Cultural Knowledge into the Analytical Process
While culture has a significant effect on the appropriate interpretation of textual data, the incorporation of cultural considerations into data transformations has not been systematic. Recognizing that the successful prevention of terrorist activities could hinge on the knowledge of the subcultures, Anthropologist and DHS intern Faith Nibbs has been addressing the need to incorporate cultural knowledge into the analytical process. In this Brown Bag she will present how cultural ideology is being used to understand how the rhetoric of group leaders influences the likelihood of their constituents to engage in violent or radicalized behavior, and how violent intent modeling can benefit from understanding that process.
Sanfilippo, Antonio P.; Nibbs, Faith G.
Indium and impurity incorporation in InGaN films on polar, nonpolar, and semipolar GaN orientations grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy
The effects of NH{sub 3} flow, group III flux, and substrate growth temperature on indium incorporation and surface morphology have been investigated for bulk InGaN films grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy. The incorporation of unintentional impurity elements (H, C, O) in InGaN films was studied as a function of growth temperature for growth on polar (0001) GaN on sapphire templates, nonpolar (1010) bulk GaN, and semipolar (1122), (2021) bulk GaN substrates. Enhanced indium incorporation was observed on both (1010) and (2021) surfaces relative to c-plane, while reduced indium incorporation was observed on (1122) for co-loaded conditions. Indium incorporation was observed to increase with decreasing growth temperature for all planes, while being relatively unaffected by the group III flux rates for a 1:1 Ga:In ratio. Indium incorporation was found to increase at the expense of a decreased growth rate for higher ammonia flows; however, smooth surface morphology was consistently observed for growth on semipolar orientations. Increased concentrations of oxygen and hydrogen were observed on semipolar and nonpolar orientations with a clear trend of increased hydrogen incorporation with indium content.
Browne, David A.; Young, Erin C.; Lang, Jordan R.; Hurni, Christophe A.; Speck, James S. [Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106 (United States)
Method for incorporating radioactive phosphoric acid solutions in concrete
A method for incorporating radioactive phosphoric acid solutions in concrete is described wherein the phosphoric acid is reacted with Ca(OH)/sub 2/ to form a precipitate of hydroxyapatite and the hydroxyapatite is mixed with Portland cement to form concrete.
Wolf, G.A.; Smith, J.W.; Ihle, N.C.
Integrated Modeling of Building Energy Requirements Incorporating Solar
and Renewable Energy, Distributed Energy Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02 report LBNL-52753. February 2003. Site information and characteristics EIA (U.S. Energy InformationLBNL-58783 Integrated Modeling of Building Energy Requirements Incorporating Solar Assisted Cooling
A method for incorporating radioactive phosphoric acid solutions in concrete is described wherein the phosphoric acid is reacted with Ca(OH).sub.2 to form a precipitate of hydroxyapatite and the hydroxyapatite is mixed with portland cement to form concrete.
Wolf, Gary A. (Kennewick, WA); Smith, Jeffrey W. (Lancaster, OH); Ihle, Nathan C. (Walla Walla, WA)
23 3 9 10:39 FRO DOE-IPC-CHICAGO TO PGCP-HQ PfGE.002 23 3 9 10:39 FRO DOE-IPC-CHICAGO TO PGCP-HQ PfGE.002 STATEMENT OF CONSIDERATIONS REQUEST BY SOLAR TURBINES INCORPORATED (SOLAR) FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PATENT RIGHTS UNDER DOE CONTRACT NO: DE-AC02-92CE40960; W(A)-93-004; CH-0755 Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar), a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc., has requested a waiver of domestic and foreign patent rights for all subject inventions of its employees under this contract. In response to an RFP, Solar was awarded a letter contract on September 25, 1992. It is anticipated that the letter contract will be definitized by the end of March 1993. Solar's obligation to continue performance under the contract is contingent upon DOE granting a waiver of rights to subject inventions in
Incorporating Copyrighted Material into STI Products | Scientific and
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Incorporating Copyrighted Material into STI Products Incorporating Copyrighted Material into STI Products Print page Print page Email page Email page Most contractors have standard procedures that their researchers are not to include third-party copyrighted material within their STI products. If such material (e.g., a chart or illustration) is included, release should be obtained from the copyright holder. The permission should state the scope of the release or permission to reproduce, distribute, prepare derivative works, display, or perform publicly so that access and availability can be accurately provided in the Announcement Notice (AN 241.1 or AN 241.3). The STI product originator should maintain all documentation related to getting permission from the copyright owner or authorized representative at the originating site.
Passive Tamper Indicating Enclosures Incorporating Embedded Optical Fibre
AWE and PNNL are engaged in a technical collaboration investigating techniques to enhance continuity of knowledge over Accountable Items within a verified nuclear weapons dismantlement process. Tamper Indicating Enclosures (TIE) will likely be deployed as part of a chain of custody regime to indicate an unauthorised attempt to access an Accountable Item. This paper looks at the use of passive TIEs incorporating embedded optical fibre; concepts relating to deployment, tamper indication and unique identification will be discussed.
Wynn, Paul; White, Helen; Allen, Keir; Simmons, Kevin L.; Sliva, Paul; Benz, Jacob M.; Tanner, Jennifer E.
Hydrogen incorporation into III-V nitrides during processing
Hydrogen is readily incorporated into GaN and related alloys during wet and dry etching, chemical vapor deposition of dielectric overlayers, boiling in water and other process steps, in addition to its effects during MOCVD or MOMBE growth. The hydrogen is bound at defects or impurities and passivates their electrical activity. Reactivation occurs at 450-550{degrees}C, but evolution from the crystal requires much higher temperatures ({ge} 800{degrees}C).
Pearton, S.J.; Abernathy, C.R.; Vartuli, C.B. [Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)] [and others
Angiotensin II stimulates /sup 3/H-leucine and /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
Angiotensin II (ANG) stimulates the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate with the consequent formation of inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol in cultured smooth muscle cells derived from rat aorta. They have observed the effects of ANG on protein and DNA synthesis by measuring the incorporation of /sup 3/H-leucine and /sup 3/H-thymidine, respectively, into acid-precipitable material. Aortic muscle cells were grown to confluence in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and incubated for 24 hours in serum-free medium to arrest growth. Then fresh serum-free medium was added with the following additions: ANG (100 nM), insulin (2 ..mu..g/ml), or 10% FBS. After an additional 24 hours the cells were pulse labeled for 30 min with either /sup 3/H-leucine or /sup 3/H-thymidine. FBS increased /sup 3/H-leucine incorporation by -2.5 fold and /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation by 7-10 fold. ANG or insulin increased /sup 3/H-leucine incorporation by 40-50%, and the combination of ANG and insulin was nearly as effective as 10% FBS. ANG stimulated /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation by -2.5 fold. Insulin, which was less effective than ANG, increased /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation by about 50%. ANG and insulin added together synergistically increased /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation by 5-6 fold. An ANG antagonist, Sarl,leu8-ANG, at 2 ..mu..M markedly decreased /sup 3/H-thymidine incorporation in the presence of ANG and insulin.
Dwyer, S.D.; Smith, J.B.
Engineering internship at Brown & Root, Incorporated: a report
An engineering intership at Brown & Root, Incorporated was completed over a period slightly in excess of one year. During his internship, the industrial engineer was assigned tasks related to the organization of a manufacturing department and the pursuit and completion of its projects. Many of his contributions were system-related and involved sales, engineering proposals, engineering economy, contract negotiations, employee merit evaluation, design, and general groundwork. He was also assigned to two engineering projects concerning the design and construction of manufacturing facilities. One of the project assignments required international travel to England and Nigeria, and almost all of the assignments involved some aspect of engineering management.
Gannaway, Randall Joe, 1952-
Ultra-Deepwater Advisory Committee Members | Department of Energy
Cooper* Professor University of California, Berkeley Dr. Quenton R. Dokken PresidentCEO Gulf of Mexico Foundation Dr. Hartley H. Downs Technology Fellow Baker Hughes Incorporated...
Yttrium Dopants in Titania: not Structurally Incorporated but Bound at
Yttrium Dopants in Titania: not Structurally Yttrium Dopants in Titania: not Structurally Incorporated but Bound at Surfaces Structurally incorporated impurities have been shown to have systematic effects on the rate of the thermally driven transformation in titania nanoparticles [1-4]. The anatase-to-rutile transformation is slowed when anatase nanoparticles are doped with a cation of valence > +4, but favored when the valence < +4. Based on these observations, Y3+ dopants should promote the anatase-to-rutile transformation. However, prior studies showed that the transformation is inhibited by Y3+ impurities [1,2], without explaining this observation. In a study led by the scientists of University of California Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments on yttrium-doped titania nanoparticles were conducted for determining the local structural environment of Y3+ impurities. The experiments were developed in collaboration with SSRL beamline scientists at BLs 10-2 and 11-2.
The effects of incorporating dynamic data on estimates of uncertainty
Petroleum exploration and development are capital intensive and smart economic decisions that need to be made to profitably extract oil and gas from the reservoirs. Accurate quantification of uncertainty in production forecasts will help in assessing risk and making good economic decisions. This study investigates the effect of combining dynamic data with the uncertainty in static data to see the effect on estimates of uncertainty in production forecasting. Fifty permeability realizations were generated for a reservoir in west Texas from available petrophysical data. We quantified the uncertainty in the production forecasts using a likelihood weighting method and an automatic history matching technique combined with linear uncertainty analysis. The results were compared with the uncertainty predicted using only static data. We also investigated approaches for best selecting a smaller number of models from a larger set of realizations to be history matched for quantification of uncertainty. We found that incorporating dynamic data in a reservoir model will result in lower estimates of uncertainty than considering only static data. However, incorporation of dynamic data does not guarantee that the forecasted ranges will encompass the true value. Reliability of the forecasted ranges depends on the method employed. When sampling multiple realizations of static data for history matching to quantify uncertainty, a sampling over the entire range of realization likelihoods shows larger confidence intervals and is more likely to encompass the true value for predicted fluid recoveries, as compared to selecting the best models.
Mulla, Shahebaz Hisamuddin
Value of storage with increased renewable penetration.
The problem statement for this project is: (1) Renewable energy portfolio standards - (a) high penetration of intermittent and variable renewable generation on the grid, (b) utilities constrained by NERC Control Performance Standards, (c) requires additional resources to match generation with load; and (2) mitigation of impacts with energy storage - at what level of renewable penetration does energy storage become an attractive value proposition. Use a simplified, yet robust dispatch model that: (a) incorporates New Mexico Balance Area load and wind generation data, (b) distributes the load among a suite of generators, (c) quantifies increased generation costs with increased penetration of intermittent and variable renewable generation - fuel, startup, shut down, ramping, standby, etc., (d) tracks and quantifies NERC pentalties and violations, and (e) quantifies storage costs. Dispatch model has been constructed and it: (a) accurately distributes a load among a suite of generators, (b) quantifies duty cycle metrics for each of the generators - cumulative energy production, ramping and non ramping duration, spinning reserves, number of start-ups, and shut down durations, etc., (c) quantifies energy exchanges - cumulative exchanges, duration, and number of exchanges, (d) tracks ACE violations.
Brainard, James Robert; Roach, Jesse Dillon
Net Metering and Interconnection Procedures-- Incorporating Best Practices
State utility commissions and utilities themselves are actively developing and revising their procedures for the interconnection and net metering of distributed generation. However, the procedures most often used by regulators and utilities as models have not been updated in the past three years, in which time most of the distributed solar facilities in the United States have been installed. In that period, the Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC) has been a participant in more than thirty state utility commission rulemakings regarding interconnection and net metering of distributed generation. With the knowledge gained from this experience, IREC has updated its model procedures to incorporate current best practices. This paper presents the most significant changes made to IREC�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?s model interconnection and net metering procedures.
Jason Keyes, Kevin Fox, Joseph Wiedman, Staff at North Carolina Solar Center
Reliability assessment of autonomous power systems incorporating HVDC interconnection links
The objective of this paper is to present an improved computational method for the overall reliability assessment of autonomous power systems that may or may not contain HVdc interconnection links. This is a hybrid method based on a Monte-Carlo simulation sequential approach which incorporates an analytical approach for the reliability modeling of the HVdc transmission links. The developed models and techniques have been implemented into a computer program that can be used to simulate the operational practices and characteristics of the overall system under study efficiently and realistically. A set of reliability indices are calculated for each load-point of interest and the entire system while a set of additional indices is calculated for quantifying the reliability performance of the interconnection links under the specified operating requirements. The analysis of a practical system is also included for a number of studies representing its various operating and design characteristics.
Dialynas, E.N.; Koskolos, N.C. [National Technical Univ., Athens (Greece). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Agoris, D. [Public Power Corp., Athens (Greece)
Incorporating uncertainty in RADTRAN 6.0 input files.
Uncertainty may be introduced into RADTRAN analyses by distributing input parameters. The MELCOR Uncertainty Engine (Gauntt and Erickson, 2004) has been adapted for use in RADTRAN to determine the parameter shape and minimum and maximum of the distribution, to sample on the distribution, and to create an appropriate RADTRAN batch file. Coupling input parameters is not possible in this initial application. It is recommended that the analyst be very familiar with RADTRAN and able to edit or create a RADTRAN input file using a text editor before implementing the RADTRAN Uncertainty Analysis Module. Installation of the MELCOR Uncertainty Engine is required for incorporation of uncertainty into RADTRAN. Gauntt and Erickson (2004) provides installation instructions as well as a description and user guide for the uncertainty engine.
Dennis, Matthew L.; Weiner, Ruth F.; Heames, Terence John (Alion Science and Technology)
Non-energy Benefits into Energy Savings Performance Contracts Non-energy Benefits into Energy Savings Performance Contracts Title Incorporating Non-energy Benefits into Energy Savings Performance Contracts Publication Type Conference Paper Year of Publication 2012 Authors Larsen, Peter H., Charles A. Goldman, Donald Gilligan, and Terry E. Singer Conference Name 2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Date Published 2012 Publisher ACEEE Conference Location Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, California Abstract This paper evaluates the issue of non-energy benefits within the context of the U.S. energy services company (ESCO) industry-a growing industry comprised of companies that provide energy savings and other benefits to customers through the use of performance-based contracting. Recent analysis has found that ESCO projects in the public/institutional sector, especially at K-12 schools, are using performance-based contracting, at the behest of the customers, to partially -- but not fully -- offset substantial accumulated deferred maintenance needs (e.g., asbestos removal, wiring) and measures that have very long paybacks (roof replacement). This trend is affecting the traditional economic measures policymakers use to evaluate success on a benefit to cost basis. Moreover, the value of non-energy benefits which can offset some or all of the cost of the non-energy measures -- including operations and maintenance (O&M) savings, avoided capital costs, and tradable pollution emissions allowances -- are not always incorporated into a formal cost-effectiveness analysis of ESCO projects. Non- energy benefits are clearly important to customers, but state and federal laws that govern the acceptance of these types of benefits for ESCO projects vary widely (i.e., 0-100% of allowable savings can come from one or more non-energy categories). Clear and consistent guidance on what types of savings are recognized in Energy Savings Agreements under performance contracts is necessary, particularly where customers are searching for deep energy efficiency gains in the building sector.
Oxygen Incorporation During Fabrication of Substrate CdTe Photovoltaic Devices: Preprint
Recently, CdTe photovoltaic (PV) devices fabricated in the nonstandard substrate configuration have attracted increasing interest because of their potential compatibility with flexible substrates such as metal foils and polymer films. This compatibility could lead to the suitability of CdTe for roll-to-roll processing and building-integrated PV. Currently, however, the efficiencies of substrate CdTe devices reported in the literature are significantly lower ({approx}6%-8%) than those of high-performance superstrate devices ({approx}17%) because of significantly lower open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). In our recent device development efforts, we have found that processing parameters required to fabricate high-efficiency substrate CdTe PV devices differ from those necessary for traditional superstrate CdTe devices. Here, we investigate how oxygen incorporation in the CdTe deposition, CdCl2 heat treatment, CdS deposition, and post-deposition heat treatment affect device characteristics through their effects on the junction. By adjusting whether oxygen is incorporated during these processing steps, we have achieved Voc values greater than 860 mV and efficiencies greater than 10%.
Duenow, J. N.; Dhere, R. G.; Kuciauskas, D.; Li, J. V.; Pankow, J. W.; DeHart, C. M.; Gessert, T. A.
Increased Power Flow Guidebook - 2012
The EPRI Increased Power Flow (IPF) Guidebook is a state-of-the-art and best- practices reference and guidebook on increasing the power flow capacities of existing overhead transmission lines, underground cables, power transformers, and substation equipment, without compromising safety and reliability. The Guidebook discusses power system concerns and limiting conditions to increasing capacity, reviews available technology options and methods, illustrates the alternatives with case ...
Instrumentation for Increased Power Flow
This report is the second Technical Update of the Instrumentation for Managing Increased Power Flow project, part of EPRI's Increased Power Flow (IPF) program. The project, initiated in 2006 and expected to continue for several years, studies the feasibility of new instrumentation to support increased power flow strategies. In 2007 the work focused on two primary developments: the Backscatter Sensor for the real-time measurement of transmission line temperature and current and the Emissivity Test Instrum...
Increased Power Flow Guidebook - 2013
U.S. households are incorporating energy�efficient features ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
... area of increased efficiency: about 60% of households use at least some energy-efficient compact fluorescent (CFL) or light-emitting diode (LED) ...
Increase Duct and Plenum Insulation
changes to the commercial provisions of the 2012 IECC: Increase Duct and Plenum Insulation R Hart Pacific Northwest National Laboratory December 2012 Proposal Description This...
Increasing State Capacity Through Clans
their role in increasing state capacity With the decline ofhere focus on state capacity and the associated discussionselements of state capacity during the transition from one
Doyle, Jr, Thomas Martin
Energy Conservation and Sustainability at Adobe Systems Incorporated
The purpose of this case study is to analyze a successful sustainability program run by an owner that has invested $23 million, received rebates of $10 million, accrued over $9 million of savings and has won top scores in LEED and Energy Star. This case study is based on project information supplied by the owner and structured interviews with the operational team. The project drivers are identified and analyzed based on payback characteristics. Finally, the case study puts Adobe Systems � results within the context of the industry by matching it to the challenges identified in other reports. The results show: (1) 40 % of projects are initiated by operation management personnel; (2) the projects with the biggest savings are supported by third-party incentives; and (3) only 10 % of projects are evaluated by simulation and account for 12 % of annual savings. Performance benchmarking, using Energy Star, is a crucial step to determine the potential and priority of energy improvements and should be run annually. LEED EB is a valuable certification process when expanding conservation efforts beyond energy aspects to sustainability. Building owners can incorporate the methodologies applied to evaluate these successful projects into their buildings. Facility managers can leverage the findings to present the advantages of recertification and commissioning.
Sustainability; Robert Graebert; Martin Fischer; Robert Graebert A; Martin Fischer B
A Mechanism for the Increase of Wind Stress (Drag) Coefficient with Wind Speed over Water Surfaces: A Parametric Model
A mechanism is proposed for a physical explanation of the increase in wind stress (drag) coefficient with wind speed over water surfaces. The formula explicitly incorporates the contribution of both winds and waves through the parameterizations ...
S. A. Hsu
Diesel prices continue to increase
Diesel prices continue to increase The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.88 a gallon on Monday. That's up 3.9 cents from a week ago, based on the...
Diesel prices continue to increase The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.98 a gallon on Labor Day Monday. That's up 6.8 cents from a week ago, based...
Diesel prices continue to increase The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.90 a gallon on Monday. That's up 3.6 cents from a week ago, based on the...
Diesel prices slightly increase nationally
Diesel prices slightly increase nationally The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose slightly to 3.90 a gallon on Monday. That's up 4-tenths of a penny from a...
Diesel prices continue to increase The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.87 a gallon on Monday. That's up 3.9 cents from a week ago, based on the...
Diesel prices continue to increase The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.92 a gallon on Monday. That's up 1.2 cents from a week ago, based on the...
Diesel prices continue to increase The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.89 a gallon on Monday. That's up 2.4 cents from a week ago, based on the...
Economics of Increased Power Flow
This report focuses on methodologies for evaluating the costs and benefits of the diverse technologies that can be used either individually or jointly to increase the flow of power through the transmission system. It begins by describing a broad slate of potential technologies and approaches for increasing transmission capacity and improving system efficiency and then provides an overall framework for assessing the benefits and costs of these technologies. Later sections cover the practical implementatio...
Gas utilities to increase outlays
Despite rising natural gas prices and falling consumer demand for gas, experts predict a 16% increase in US gas transmission and distribution expenditures for 1983. Production and storage outlays will probably decrease because of the current gas surplus. The demand for natural gas has been below production levels since 1981. Increases in residential and commercial requirements have been offset by a drop in industrial use, which represents 50% of total gas demand.
O'Donnell, J.P.
Incorporating uncertainty into electric utility projections and decisions
This paper focuses on how electric utility companies can respond in their decision making to uncertain variables. Here we take a mean- variance type of approach. The mean'' value is an expected cost, on a discounted value basis. We assume that management has risk preferences incorporating a tradeoff between the mean and variance in the utility's net income. Decisions that utilities are faced with can be classified into two types: ex ante and ex post. The ex ante decisions need to be made prior to the uncertainty being revealed and the ex post decision can be postponed until after the uncertainty is revealed. Intuitively, we can say that the ex ante decisions provide a hedge against the uncertainties and the ex post decisions allow the negative outcomes of uncertain variables to be partially mitigated, dampening the losses. An example of an ex post decision is how the system is operated i.e., unit dispatch, and in some cases switching among types of fuels, say with different sulfur contents. For example, if gas prices go up, natural gas combined cycle units are likely to be dispatched at lower capacity factors. If SO{sub 2} emission allowance prices go up, a utility may seek to switch into a lower sulfur coal. Here we assume that regulated electric utilities do have some incentive to lower revenue requirements and hence an incentive to lower the electric rates needed for the utility to break even, thereby earning a fair return on invested capital. This paper presents the general approach first, including applications to capacity expansion and system dispatch. Then a case study is presented focusing on the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments including SO{sub 2} emissions abatement and banking of allowances under uncertainty. It is concluded that the emission banking decisions should not be made in isolation but rather all the uncertainties in demand, fuel prices, technology performance etc., should be included in the uncertainty analysis affecting emission banking.
Hanson, D.A.
This paper focuses on how electric utility companies can respond in their decision making to uncertain variables. Here we take a mean- variance type of approach. The ``mean`` value is an expected cost, on a discounted value basis. We assume that management has risk preferences incorporating a tradeoff between the mean and variance in the utility`s net income. Decisions that utilities are faced with can be classified into two types: ex ante and ex post. The ex ante decisions need to be made prior to the uncertainty being revealed and the ex post decision can be postponed until after the uncertainty is revealed. Intuitively, we can say that the ex ante decisions provide a hedge against the uncertainties and the ex post decisions allow the negative outcomes of uncertain variables to be partially mitigated, dampening the losses. An example of an ex post decision is how the system is operated i.e., unit dispatch, and in some cases switching among types of fuels, say with different sulfur contents. For example, if gas prices go up, natural gas combined cycle units are likely to be dispatched at lower capacity factors. If SO{sub 2} emission allowance prices go up, a utility may seek to switch into a lower sulfur coal. Here we assume that regulated electric utilities do have some incentive to lower revenue requirements and hence an incentive to lower the electric rates needed for the utility to break even, thereby earning a fair return on invested capital. This paper presents the general approach first, including applications to capacity expansion and system dispatch. Then a case study is presented focusing on the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments including SO{sub 2} emissions abatement and banking of allowances under uncertainty. It is concluded that the emission banking decisions should not be made in isolation but rather all the uncertainties in demand, fuel prices, technology performance etc., should be included in the uncertainty analysis affecting emission banking.
Incorporating HVDC's into monitoring and power system analysis
This thesis attempts to study the effect of incorporating HVDC's into monitoring and power system analysis. Power system analysis, including load flow and stability studies, and monitoring defines a complete cycle of the impact of HVDC in a power system network. Load flow calculates the bus voltage magnitude, phase angle, active and reactive power flows based on loads and generations that are already specified. In this regard, our work presents a better way of solving AC - DC load flow equations. In our work, the active and reactive power consumptions of the HVDC link are treated as a function of AC bus voltages and some specified DC parameters. It is then easier to combine the DC part with the AC system. Traditional methods in this regard may encounter convergence problems. We expect that the method used in our work does not encounter convergence problems and is easier to implement. Whereas load flow gives us the solution for bus voltage magnitudes and angles based on certain specified loads and generations, state estimation obtains an estimate of the bus voltage magnitudes and angles based on actual measurements. A state estimator also checks consistency of instrumentation data. In our work with the state estimation, we have presented a new method to design the measurement set of an AC - DC system and explained the choice of the state variables used. The state variables and the measurement set chosen are then used to estimate the state of an AC - DC system. To complete the cycle of the effects of inclusion of a HVDC line in an AC system, we study the impact of HVDC on power system stability in the case of a fault. It should be noted that the power flow through a HVDC link is highly controllable. Accordingly, we can expect the HVDC to improve system stability if it is controlled intelligently. However, if the control measure is not properly designed, HVDC can be detrimental to the system stability. A case has been studied where the HVDC tends to make the system unstable if the setting of the line is not changed during and after a fault. We then propose a control mechanism to strengthen the system stability. Two types of controllers, namely proportional control and proportional - integral control have been studied and compared. Also we have shown their effects on the system stability.
Krishnaswamy, Vikram
System-wide emissions implications of increased wind power penetration.
This paper discusses the environmental effects of incorporating wind energy into the electric power system. We present a detailed emissions analysis based on comprehensive modeling of power system operations with unit commitment and economic dispatch for different wind penetration levels. First, by minimizing cost, the unit commitment model decides which thermal power plants will be utilized based on a wind power forecast, and then, the economic dispatch model dictates the level of production for each unit as a function of the realized wind power generation. Finally, knowing the power production from each power plant, the emissions are calculated. The emissions model incorporates the effects of both cycling and start-ups of thermal power plants in analyzing emissions from an electric power system with increasing levels of wind power. Our results for the power system in the state of Illinois show significant emissions effects from increased cycling and particularly start-ups of thermal power plants. However, we conclude that as the wind power penetration increases, pollutant emissions decrease overall due to the replacement of fossil fuels.
Valentino, L.; Valenzuela, V.; Botterud, A.; Zhou, Z.; Conzelmann, G. (Decision and Information Sciences); (Univ. of Illinois, Champaign/Urbana); (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Sulfur isotopic evidence for controls on sulfur incorporation in peat and coal
Pyritic sulfur isotope [delta][sup 34]S values were used as a measure of two principal controls on sulfur incorporation in peat and coal: the availability of sulfate, and the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the peat-forming mire. Relatively low [delta][sup 34]S values indicated an open system with a relatively abundant supply of sulfate that exceeded the rate of sulfate reduction to sulfide, whereas relatively high [delta][sup 34]S values indicated a closed system with a more limited supply of sulfate. For example, in the high-sulfur (>3% S), Holocene deposits of Mud Lake, Florida, pyritic sulfur [delta][sup 34]S values decreasing sharply across the transition from peat to the overlying lacustrine sapropel, which corresponds to an increased supply of sulfate from the lake waters. Likewise, syngenetic pyrite in the high-sulfur Minto coal bed (Pictou Group, Westphalian C) in New Brunswick, Canada, show up to 10% negative shifts in [delta][sup 34]S in attrital layers containing detrital quartz and illite, consistent with an increased supply of sulfate from streams entering the peat-forming mire. In contrast, positive pyritic sulfur [delta][sup 34]S values in high-sulfur, channel-fill coal beds (lower Breathitt Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian) in eastern Kentucky indicate that a steady supply of sulfate was exhausted by very active microbial sulfate reduction in the channel-fill peat.
Spiker, E.C.; Bates, A.L. (Geological Survey, Reston, VA (United States))
Improving Area Control Error Diversity Interchange (ADI) Program by Incorporating Congestion Constraints
The area control error (ACE) determines how much a balancing authority (BA) needs to move its regulating units to meet mandatory control performance standard requirements. Regulation is an expensive resource that could cost several hundred million dollars a year for a BA. The amount of regulation needed in a system is increasing with more intermittent generation resources added to the system. The ACE diversity interchange (ADI) program provides a tool for reducing the regulation requirement by combining ACEs from several participating BAs followed by sharing the total ACE among all participating balancing areas. The effect is achieved as a result of the low statistical correlation between the original ACEs of participating BAs. A rule-based ADI approach has already been put into practice in the US Western Interconnection. The degree of actual ACE sharing is artificially limited because of the unknown redistribution of power flows and possible system congestion (these factors are not monitored in the existing ADI). This paper proposes a two-step linear programming (LP) ADI approach that incorporates congestion constraints. In the first step of the proposed LP ADI, the line transmission limits are enforced by setting up corresponding constraints. In the second step, the business fairness is pursued. Simulation is performed to compare the properties of the proposed LP ADI and the existing rule-based ADI. Favorable features, such as avoiding line limit violations and increasing the degree of possible ACE sharing, are observed for the proposed LP ADI.
Zhou, Ning; Etingov, Pavel V.; Makarov, Yuri V.; Guttromson, Ross T.; McManus, Bart
Quantifying the system balancing cost when wind energy is incorporated into electricity generation system.
??Incorporation of wind energy into the electricity generation system requires a detailed analysis of wind speed in order to minimize system balancing cost and avoid� (more)
Issaeva, Natalia
Investigation of Molecular Magnetic Compounds Incorporating 4d and 5d Transition Metal Cyanometallates
The field of molecular magnetism has expanded rapidly since the discovery of single molecule magnets (SMMs) in the 1990�s and has witnessed extraordinary advances in the last several decades. One of the current trends in molecular magnetic research is to incorporate metal ions that have pronounced single-ion anisotropy in an effort to improve magnetic exchange interactions. The 4d and 5d transition metal ions have large spin-orbit coupling parameters which contribute to the orbital angular momentum effects that lead to anisotropic behavior. The work herein describes efforts to synthesize and characterize new cyanide-bridged molecular materials incorporating 4d and 5d transition metal ions, specifically the [Os(CN)_(6)]^(3-), [Mo(CN)_(6)]^(3-) and [W(CN)_(8)]^(3-) ions. The 5d hexacyanometallate [Os(CN)_(6)]^(3-) was incorporated into a trinuclear cyanide bridged molecule and the [Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3-) analog was prepared as a reference compound for assessing the effect of the 5d versus 3d metal ion on the magnetic properties. Both molecules exhibit SMM bistability with a pronounced increase (~90 %) in the blocking temperature (TB) of the OsIII analogue. In addition to typical SMM behavior, both compounds exhibit exchange-biased SMM behavior, a shift in the quantum tunneling of the magnetization (QTM) from zero field. This exchange-bias can be turned �on� or �off� depending on the presence of interstitial methanol molecules. New trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) molecules incorporating the rarely studies hexacyanomolybdate(III) ion are presented in chapter III of this dissertation. The molecules of general formula [M(tmphen)_(2)]_(3)[Mo(CN)_(6)]_(2) (M = V^(II), Mn^(II) and Fe^(II); tmphen = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), represent additions to a large homologous family of TBP molecules reported by the Dunbar group over the years. The [Mo(CN)_(6)]^(3-) ion was prepared in situ by loss of one cyanide ligand from [Mo(CN)_(7)]^(4-). Of particular interest among the compounds reported is the V_(3)Mo_(2) analog which exhibits extraordinarily strong antiferromagnetic coupling (estimated J = -134 cm^(-1). The observed exchange coupling parameter is more than twice the current record for the antiferromagnetic coupling parameter for a cyanide-bridged magnetic molecule. Another set of results were obtained using the octacyanometallate anion [WV(CN)_(8)]^(3-) as a building block for the synthesis and magnetic studies of a family of new cyanide-bridged magnetic materials. The compounds exhibit several different structural motifs including three 0-D molecular compounds (two pentanuclear molecules and a linear trinuclear molecule) and a 1-D chain, findings that illustrate the structural versatility of the octacyanotungstate(V) ions. The TBP molecule, [Mn(tmphen)_(2)]_(3)[W(CN)_(8)]_(2), exhibits evidence for an out-of-phase signal when subjected to ac measurements in zero applied field. The 1-D chain also reveals evidence for the beginning of an out-of-phase signal under zero applied field which hints at single chain magnet behavior.
Southerland, Heather Irene
An improved pneumatic gage is offered in which the linear range has been increased without excessive air consumption. This has been accomplished by providing an expansible antechamber connected to the nozzle of the gage so that the position of the nozzle with respect to the workpiece is varied automatically by variation in pressure within the antechamber. This arrangement ensures that the nozzle-to-workpiece clearance is maintained within certain limits, thus obtaining a linear relation of air flow to nozzle-to-workpiece clearance over a wider range.
Fowler, A.H.; Seaborn, G.B. Jr.
A generalized linear-quadratic model incorporating reciprocal time pattern of radiation damage repair
Purpose: It has been conventionally assumed that the repair rate for sublethal damage (SLD) remains constant during the entire radiation course. However, increasing evidence from animal studies suggest that this may not the case. Rather, it appears that the repair rate for radiation-induced SLD slows down with increasing time. Such a slowdown in repair would suggest that the exponential repair pattern would not necessarily accurately predict repair process. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate a new generalized linear-quadratic (LQ) model incorporating a repair pattern with reciprocal time. The new formulas were tested with published experimental data. Methods: The LQ model has been widely used in radiation therapy, and the parameter G in the surviving fraction represents the repair process of sublethal damage with T{sub r} as the repair half-time. When a reciprocal pattern of repair process was adopted, a closed form of G was derived analytically for arbitrary radiation schemes. The published animal data adopted to test the reciprocal formulas. Results: A generalized LQ model to describe the repair process in a reciprocal pattern was obtained. Subsequently, formulas for special cases were derived from this general form. The reciprocal model showed a better fit to the animal data than the exponential model, particularly for the ED50 data (reduced {chi}{sup 2}{sub min} of 2.0 vs 4.3, p = 0.11 vs 0.006), with the following gLQ parameters: {alpha}/{beta} = 2.6-4.8 Gy, T{sub r} = 3.2-3.9 h for rat feet skin, and {alpha}/{beta} = 0.9 Gy, T{sub r} = 1.1 h for rat spinal cord. Conclusions: These results of repair process following a reciprocal time suggest that the generalized LQ model incorporating the reciprocal time of sublethal damage repair shows a better fit than the exponential repair model. These formulas can be used to analyze the experimental and clinical data, where a slowing-down repair process appears during the course of radiation therapy.
Huang, Zhibin; Mayr, Nina A.; Lo, Simon S.; Wang, Jian Z.; Jia Guang; Yuh, William T. C.; Johnke, Roberta [Department of Radiation Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834 (United States); Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (United States); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 (United States); Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (United States); Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (United States); Department of Radiation Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27834 (United States)
Rotating control head applications increasing
Rotating control head technology has become an important tool for lowering drilling costs and increasing well productivity, especially in many hard-rock areas and mature oil and gas fields. Lower drilling costs are achieved primarily by the faster penetration rates, reduced nondrilling time, and reduced mud volume requirements associated with underbalanced drilling. Greater well productivity can sometimes be obtained because of reduced formation damage for mud. Recent advances in rotating head technology have increased the range of well conditions to which this technology can be applied. Even though the use of rotating control heads is growing rapidly, this topic has been largely neglected in most well control training programs. Many engineers are not yet familiar with this important emerging technology and some of the modern concepts and practices used. The paper discusses the high-pressure rotating head and its application to gas or air drilling, flow drilling, geothermal drilling, overbalanced drilling and workover operations. The paper also discusses operating guidelines and rig crew training.
Bourgoyne, A.T. Jr. [Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)
Advanced insulations for refrigerator/freezers: The potential for new shell designs incorporating polymer barrier construction
The impending phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used to expand foam insulation, combined with requirements for increased energy efficiency, make the use of non-CFC-based high performance insulation technologies increasingly attractive. The majority of current efforts are directed at using advanced insulations in the form of thin, flat low-conductivity gas-filled or evacuated orthogonal panels, which we refer to as Advanced Insulation Panels (AIPs). AIPs can be used in composite with blown polymer foams to improve insulation performance in refrigerator/freezers (R/Fs) of conventional design and manufacture. This AIP/foam composite approach is appealing because it appears to be a feasible, near-term method for incorporating advanced insulations into R/Fs without substantial redesign or retooling. However, the requirements for adequate flow of foam during the foam-in-place operation impose limitations on the allowable thickness and coverage area of AIPs. This report examines design alternatives which may offer a greater increase in overall thermal resistance than is possible with the use of AIP/foam composites in current R/F design. These design alternatives generally involve a basic redesign of the R/F taking into account the unique requirements of advanced insulations and the importance of minimizing thermal bridging with high thermal resistance insulations. The focus here is on R/F doors because they are relatively simple and independent R/F components and are therefore good candidates for development of alterative designs. R/F doors have significant thermal bridging problems due to the steel outer shell construction. A three dimensional finite difference computer modeling exercise of a R/F door geometry was used to compare the overall levels of thermal resistance (R-value) for various design configurations.
Griffith, B.T.; Arasteh, D.
Incorporating oligopoly, CO2 emissions trading and green certificates into a power generation expansion model
This paper presents a generation expansion model for the power sector which incorporates several features that make it very interesting for application to current electricity markets: it considers the possible oligopolistic behavior of firms, and incorporates ... Keywords: Carbon emissions trading, Generation-expansion modeling, Green certificates, Oligopoly
Pedro Linares; Francisco Javier Santos; Mariano Ventosa; Luis Lapiedra
Development of a dissolved carbon dioxide sensor with a HPTS-incorporated polymer membrane
In this study a dissolved carbon dioxide sensor is made by using the fluorescent dye, HPTS incorporated into a polymer matrix, polyHEMA-co-EGDA. The HPTS-incorporated polymer membrane soaking in sodium bicarbonate buffer solution is put into a well in ... Keywords: carbon dioxide, fermentation, fluorescence, polymer membrane, sensor
Ok-Jae Sohn; Jong Il Rhee
Preliminary Notice of Violation, EG&G Incorporated - EA-97-10 | Department
EG&G Incorporated - EA-97-10 EG&G Incorporated - EA-97-10 Preliminary Notice of Violation, EG&G Incorporated - EA-97-10 October 21, 1997 Preliminary Notice of Violation issued to EG&G Incorporated, related to Bioassay and Internal Dosimetry Program Deficiencies at the Mound Plant, (EA-97-10) This letter refers to the Department of Energy's (DOE) evaluation of the facts and circumstances surrounding a number of potential programmatic deficiencies involving the administration of the Mound Plant's bioassay program and methodologies used for determining and assigning internal radiation doses to workers. Preliminary Notice of Violation, EG&G Incorporated - EA-97-10 More Documents & Publications Preliminary Notice of Violation, Babcock & Wilcox of Ohio, Inc - EA-98-12
Cap and trade programs are increasingly being used to reduce emissions from electricity generation in the United States. Cap and trade programs primarily target emitting generators, but programs have also included renewable generators, such as wind generators. States cite several reasons why they have considered the policy option of including renewable generators in cap and trade programs: to provide an incentive for lower-emitting generation, to achieve emissions reductions in non-capped pollutants, and to gain local economic benefits associated with renewable energy projects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency also notes these rationales for considering this policy alternative, and the National Association of Regulatory Commissioners (NARUC) passed a resolution supporting the inclusion of renewable energy in cap and trade programs. This report explores why states consider this policy option, what participation could mean for wind generators, and how wind generation can most effectively be included in state, federal, and regional cap and trade programs.
Bluestein, J.; Salerno, E.; Bird, L.; Vimmerstedt, L.
Electrical Core Transformer for Grid Improvement Incorporating Wire Magnetic Components
The research reported herein adds to the understanding of oil-immersed distribution transformers by exploring and demonstrating potential improvements in efficiency and cost utilizing the unique Buswell approach wherein the unit is redesigned, replacing magnetic sheet with wire allowing for improvements in configuration and increased simplicity in the build process. Exploration of new designs is a critical component in our drive to assure reduction of energy waste, adequate delivery to the citizenry, and the robustness of U.S. manufacturing. By moving that conversation forward, this exploration adds greatly to our base of knowledge and clearly outlines an important avenue for further exploration. This final report shows several advantages of this new transformer type (outlined in a report signed by all of our collaborating partners and included in this document). Although materials development is required to achieve commercial potential, the clear benefits of the technology if that development were a given is established. Exploration of new transformer types and further work on the Buswell design approach is in the best interest of the public, industry, and the United States. Public benefits accrue from design alternatives that reduce the overall use of energy, but it must be acknowledged that new DOE energy efficiency standards have provided some assurance in that regard. Nonetheless the burden of achieving these new standards has been largely shifted to the manufacturers of oil-immersed distribution transformers with cost increasing up to 20% of some units versus 2006 when this investigation was started. Further, rising costs have forced the industry to look closely are far more expensive technologies which may threaten U.S. competitiveness in the distribution transformer market. This concern is coupled with the realization that many units in the nation's grid are beyond their optimal life which suggests that the nation may be headed for an infrastructure crisis that U.S. industry is ill prepared to handle which could further challenge U.S. competitiveness.
Harrie R. Buswell, PhD; Dennis Jacobs, PhD; Steve Meng
Incorporating long-term climate change in performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is developing the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico for the disposal of transuranic wastes generated by defense programs. Applicable regulations (40 CFR 191) require the DOE to evaluate disposal-system performance for 10,000 yr. Climatic changes may affect performance by altering groundwater flow. Paleoclimatic data from southeastern New Mexico and the surrounding area indicate that the wettest and coolest Quaternary climate at the site can be represented by that at the last glacial maximum, when mean annual precipitation was approximately twice that of the present. The hottest and driest climates have been similar to that of the present. The regularity of global glacial cycles during the late Pleistocene confirms that the climate of the last glacial maximum is suitable for use as a cooler and wetter bound for variability during the next 10,000 yr. Climate variability is incorporated into groundwater-flow modeling for WIPP PA by causing hydraulic head in a portion of the model-domain boundary to rise to the ground surface with hypothetical increases in precipitation during the next 10,000 yr. Variability in modeled disposal-system performance introduced by allowing head values to vary over this range is insignificant compared to variability resulting from other causes, including incomplete understanding of transport processes. Preliminary performance assessments suggest that climate variability will not affect regulatory compliance.
Swift, P.N. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Baker, B.L. [Technadyne Engineering Consultants, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Economy, K. [Ecodynamics Research Associates, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Garner, J.W. [Applied Physics, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Helton, J.C. [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Rudeen, D.K. [New Mexico Engineering Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Incorporating Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms Into the Lyman Model to Improve Prediction of Radiation Pneumonitis
Purpose: To determine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle, transforming growth factor-{beta}, tumor necrosis factor and receptor, folic acid metabolism, and angiogenesis can significantly improve the fit of the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) normal-tissue complication probability (NTCP) model of radiation pneumonitis (RP) risk among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods and Materials: Sixteen SNPs from 10 different genes (XRCC1, XRCC3, APEX1, MDM2, TGF{beta}, TNF{alpha}, TNFR, MTHFR, MTRR, and VEGF) were genotyped in 141 NSCLC patients treated with definitive radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy. The LKB model was used to estimate the risk of severe (grade {>=}3) RP as a function of mean lung dose (MLD), with SNPs and patient smoking status incorporated into the model as dose-modifying factors. Multivariate analyses were performed by adding significant factors to the MLD model in a forward stepwise procedure, with significance assessed using the likelihood-ratio test. Bootstrap analyses were used to assess the reproducibility of results under variations in the data. Results: Five SNPs were selected for inclusion in the multivariate NTCP model based on MLD alone. SNPs associated with an increased risk of severe RP were in genes for TGF{beta}, VEGF, TNF{alpha}, XRCC1 and APEX1. With smoking status included in the multivariate model, the SNPs significantly associated with increased risk of RP were in genes for TGF{beta}, VEGF, and XRCC3. Bootstrap analyses selected a median of 4 SNPs per model fit, with the 6 genes listed above selected most often. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that SNPs can significantly improve the predictive ability of the Lyman MLD model. With a small number of SNPs, it was possible to distinguish cohorts with >50% risk vs <10% risk of RP when they were exposed to high MLDs.
Tucker, Susan L., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Li Minghuan [Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong (China)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong (China); Xu Ting; Gomez, Daniel [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Yuan Xianglin [Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (China)] [Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (China); Yu Jinming [Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong (China)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong (China); Liu Zhensheng; Yin Ming; Guan Xiaoxiang; Wang Lie; Wei Qingyi [Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Mohan, Radhe [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Vinogradskiy, Yevgeniy [University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (United States)] [University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (United States); Martel, Mary [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Liao Zhongxing [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)
Effect of silicate modulus and metakaolin incorporation on the carbonation of alkali silicate-activated slags
Accelerated carbonation is induced in pastes and mortars produced from alkali silicate-activated granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS)-metakaolin (MK) blends, by exposure to CO{sub 2}-rich gas atmospheres. Uncarbonated specimens show compressive strengths of up to 63 MPa after 28 days of curing when GBFS is used as the sole binder, and this decreases by 40-50% upon complete carbonation. The final strength of carbonated samples is largely independent of the extent of metakaolin incorporation up to 20%. Increasing the metakaolin content of the binder leads to a reduction in mechanical strength, more rapid carbonation, and an increase in capillary sorptivity. A higher susceptibility to carbonation is identified when activation is carried out with a lower solution modulus (SiO{sub 2}/Na{sub 2}O ratio) in metakaolin-free samples, but this trend is reversed when metakaolin is added due to the formation of secondary aluminosilicate phases. High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffractometry of uncarbonated paste samples shows that the main reaction products in alkali-activated GBFS/MK blends are C-S-H gels, and aluminosilicates with a zeolitic (gismondine) structure. The main crystalline carbonation products are calcite in all samples and trona only in samples containing no metakaolin, with carbonation taking place in the C-S-H gels of all samples, and involving the free Na{sup +} present in the pore solution of the metakaolin-free samples. Samples containing metakaolin do not appear to have the same availability of Na{sup +} for carbonation, indicating that this is more effectively bound in the presence of a secondary aluminosilicate gel phase. It is clear that claims of exceptional carbonation resistance in alkali-activated binders are not universally true, but by developing a fuller mechanistic understanding of this process, it will certainly be possible to improve performance in this area.
Bernal, Susan A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Materials Engineering Department, Composite Materials Group, CENM, Universidad del Valle, Cali (Colombia); Mejia de Gutierrez, Ruby [Materials Engineering Department, Composite Materials Group, CENM, Universidad del Valle, Cali (Colombia); Provis, John L., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 (Australia); Rose, Volker [Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)
Incorporating Carbon in Energy Planning at Industrial Facilities
Climate legislation appears increasingly likely, reflected by intensifying legislative activity and two generally supportive presidential candidates. Most who track climate legislation predict that a law will be passed in late 2009 or early 2010. Regulations and emission limits are expected in 2012 or 2013, although some mandatory pre-compliance greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting by �covered entities� will need to begin near term. The most significant ramification of climate legislation for industrial facilities will be that GHG emissions will, starting in the first compliance year, have a per tonne emission cost; this will either have to be paid for in (1) pass-through costs on more expensive power or fuel, (2) purchases of allowances for emissions, or (3) purchases of carbon offsets (i.e., CO2 reduction or sequestration projects to offset emissions). Although much remains uncertain as to the nature of the legislation, the inevitability of a per-tonne emissions cost makes it important to begin planning for this economic responsibility right away. If this future carbon liability is not considered in financial analysis, then projects that reduce future carbon-related expenditures may be overlooked in favor of those that will be less economically advantageous without pricing carbon cost. In this respect, it is important to �shadow price� carbon into financial forecasting, especially in capital planning. Heretofore, all planning for carbon reduction should be made against a properly documented emissions baseline, with full accommodation of the rules of carbon reduction project origination and monetization. If these rules are met in advance, pre-compliance carbon reduction projects may be eligible to earn bankable credits once climate legislation is in effect. However, if capital projects are planned and financed without proper accommodation of the crediting rules, then bankable credits will not be claimable, and the capital spending will not be as efficiently used. This paper speaks to methods of analyzing a facility�s potential greenhouse gas liability and establishing a system of greenhouse gas management that �shadow prices� carbon into financial planning. The lecture will also give a status report on carbon legislation, and a brief mention of the rules of carbon crediting, as spelled out in the most widely accepted protocol.
Smith, K.
Assessing Natural Isothiocyanate Air Emissions after Field Incorporation of Mustard Cover Crop
A regional air assessment was performed to characterize volatile natural isothiocyanate (NITC) compounds in air during soil incorporation of mustard cover crops in Washington State. Field air sampling and analytical methods were developed specific to three NITCs known to be present in air at appreciable concentrations during/after field incorporation. The maximum observed concentrations in air for the allyl, benzyl, and phenethyl isothiocyanates were respectively 188, 6.1, and 0.7 lg m-3 during mustard incorporation. Based on limited inhalation toxicity information, airborne NITC concentrations did not appear to pose an acute human inhalation exposure concern to field operators and bystanders.
Trott, Donna M.; LePage, Jane; Hebert, Vincent
Hydrogen incorporation induced metal-semiconductor transition in ZnO:H thin films sputtered at room temperature
The room temperature deposited ZnO:H thin films having high conductivity of 500 Ohm-Sign {sup -1} cm{sup -1} and carrier concentration reaching 1.23 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 20} cm{sup -3} were reactively sputter deposited on glass substrates in the presence of O{sub 2} and 5% H{sub 2} in Ar. A metal-semiconductor transition at 165 K is induced by the increasing hydrogen incorporation in the films. Hydrogen forms shallow donor complex with activation energy of {approx}10-20 meV at oxygen vacancies (V{sub O}) leading to increase in carrier concentration. Hydrogen also passivates V{sub O} and V{sub Zn} causing {approx}4 times enhancement of mobility to 25.4 cm{sup 2}/V s. These films have potential for use in transparent flexible electronics.
Singh, Anil; Chaudhary, Sujeet; Pandya, D. K. [Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016 (India)] [Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016 (India)
Hughes County, Oklahoma: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
96.3226072° 96.3226072° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":35.1380279,"lon":-96.3226072,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Hughes County, South Dakota: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
022°, -99.8124935° 022°, -99.8124935° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":44.3535022,"lon":-99.8124935,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
La Revolucin del Shale Gas Profesor: Hugh Rudnick
: Horizontal drilling e hydraulic fracturing Hydraulic Fracturing También llamado fracking o hydrofracking. El
Rudnick, Hugh
Market Power in Ethanol Transport Jonathan E. Hughes
. (2008) · Low sulfur coal, Busse and Keohane (forthcoming) GIS MAP OF U.S. RAILROAD NETWORK MOTIVATION, ethanol is used voluntarily in "economic blending" when the (subsidized) price of ethanol is lower than
California at Davis, University of
McHugh Energy Consultants HVAC Trajectories toward Zero
2022 2026 Required Economizer + FDD Econ Charge FDD + Multi-speed VRF VFD Fan Evap Cond SEER 10 SEER 13
effective Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD) system that allows operators to produce existing oil reservoirs, mainly on the North American continent, in a much more effective way than...
Interview with Stephen Hugh-Jones Part 1
to King's I worked on the Victoria line which was being built to save for a trip to South America; with help from parents went to Venezuela by boat; found it extraordinarily expensive; on the boat had met an English school teacher and his wife who were...
Hugh-Jones, Stephen
Hugh Rudnick Van De Wyngard Seminario Hay crisis energtica?
Licuado #12;Otras Alternativas de Expansión: ERNC · Mini hidraúlicas · Eólico · Geotérmicas · Biogas
VEE-0092 - In the Matter of Cargill, Incorporated. | Department of Energy
2 - In the Matter of Cargill, Incorporated. 2 - In the Matter of Cargill, Incorporated. VEE-0092 - In the Matter of Cargill, Incorporated. This Decision decides the merits of five Applications for Exception filed with the Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the provisions of 10 C.F.R. § 1003.20. See infra Appendix. These Applications concern annual revenues and sales data pertaining to each firm's sale of electricity that the DOE Energy Information Administration (EIA) collects through Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report." EIA publishes this data, by state, in firm-specific form. The present exception request seeks to have the Applicants' data withheld as confidential. In their Applications for Exception, the Applicants incorporated an Application for Stay to prevent release of some of the
Modifying a Mesoscale Meteorological Model to Better Incorporate Urban Heat Storage: A Bulk-Parameterization Approach
A simple bulk-parameterization scheme is implemented in modifying a mesoscale meteorological model to better incorporate urban heat storage. The objective is to improve the quantification of the fluxes associated with heat storage change and to ...
Haider Taha
Guidance on Incorporating EPA's Pollution Prevention Strategy into the Environmental Review Process
The guidance discusses the Environmental Protection Agency's definition of pollution prevention; how to incorporate pollution prevention into the EPA environmental review process and interagency liaison function; and federal pollution prevention awards programs.
Incorporation of CO2 Exchange Processes into a Multilayer Atmosphere�Soil�Vegetation Model
Carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange processes were incorporated into a multilayer atmosphere�soil�vegetation model known as SOLVEG, and its performance was examined using measurements obtained from a grassland site. It was also applied for the CO2 ...
Haruyasu Nagai
Shale oil recovery systems incorporating ore beneficiation : final report, October 1982
This study analyzed the recovery of oil from oil shale by use of proposed systems which incorporate beneficiation of the shale ore (that is, concentration of the kerogen) before the oil-recovery step. The objective was to ...
Weiss, M. A.
Source Characterization with a Genetic Algorithm�Coupled Dispersion�Backward Model Incorporating SCIPUFF
This paper extends the approach of coupling a forward-looking dispersion model with a backward model using a genetic algorithm (GA) by incorporating a more sophisticated dispersion model [the Second-Order Closure Integrated Puff (SCIPUFF) model] ...
Christopher T. Allen; Sue Ellen Haupt; George S. Young
Incorporating endogenous demand dynamics into long-term capacity expansion power system models for Developing countries
This research develops a novel approach to long-term power system capacity expansion planning for developing countries by incorporating endogenous demand dynamics resulting from social processes of technology adoption. ...
Jordan, Rhonda LeNai
Incorporation of scattered radiation into dual?energy radiologic theory and application to mammography
A previous analysis of dual?energy imaging is extended to incorporate scattered radiation. The analysis is general and can include polyenergetic beams and nonideal detectors. In the dual?material basis plane
Paul C. Johns
Incorporation of a Cloud Simulation into a Flight Mission Rehearsal System: Prototype Demonstration
One environmental parameter that has a large impact on aircraft missions for the U.S. military is clouds. This article describes an initial attempt to incorporate physically consistent clouds into a flight mission rehearsal system. A cloud model ...
Louis Hembree; Sam Brand; William C. Mayse; Maureen Cianciolo; Brian Soderberg
Incorporation of plug in hybrid electric vehicle in the reactive power market
This paper incorporates plug in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV) in the reactive power market. The PHEV capability curve is first extracted considering the operation limit of PHEV. In order to offer price in the reactive power market
H. Feshki Farahani; H. A. Shayanfar; M. S. Ghazizadeh
Preliminary Notice of Violation, Fluor Hanford, Incorporated - EA-2002-03 |
Hanford, Incorporated - Hanford, Incorporated - EA-2002-03 Preliminary Notice of Violation, Fluor Hanford, Incorporated - EA-2002-03 August 12, 2002 Preliminary Notice of Violation issued to Fluor Hanford, Incorporated, related to Quality Assurance issues at the Hanford Site. This letter refers to the Department of Energy's (DOE) investigation of the facts and circumstances concerning quality assurance issues affecting nuclear safety surrounding the discrepant nondestructive assay (NDA) data provided to Bechtel Hanford, Inc., in support of their decontamination and dismantlement activities at Building [ ]. The DOE Office of Price-Anderson Enforcement initiated an investigation of this event in July 2001. A formal request for relevant documentation was made and a full review of the documentation was conducted. In addition,
Incorporation of sulfur, chlorine, and carbon into electroplated Cu thin films
The microstructure of electroplated Cu thin films and the contamination with incorporated additives were investigated in dependence on the galvanostatic deposition parameters and thermal treatment. Sulfur, chlorine, and carbon were analysed as impurities ... Keywords: 61.72.Ss, 66.30.Jt, 68.35.Dv, 68.43.Mn, 81.15.Pq, 82.45.Vp, 85.40.Ls, Additive incorporation, Additive surface adsorption, Copper, Electrochemical deposition, Impurities
M. Stangl; J. Acker; S. Oswald; M. Uhlemann; T. Gemming; S. Baunack; K. Wetzig
Weatherization Assistance Program: Spurring Innovation, Increasing...
Weatherization Assistance Program: Spurring Innovation, Increasing Home Energy Efficiency Weatherization Assistance Program: Spurring Innovation, Increasing Home Energy Efficiency...
Linking Resources and Structures: Increasing the Effectiveness...
Linking Resources and Structures: Increasing the Effectiveness of Energy Efficient Government Procurement Programs Title Linking Resources and Structures: Increasing the...
Al2O3 incorporation in MgSiO3 perovskite and ilmenite Wendy R. Panero a,, Sofia Akber-Knutson b
Al2O3 incorporation in MgSiO3 perovskite and ilmenite Wendy R. Panero a,, Sofia Akber-Knutson b in the MgSiO3Al2O3 system predict that MgSiO3perovskite dissolves about 15 mol% Al2O3 at the top of the lower mantle, limited by coexistence with Al-rich ilmenite (corundum). The solubility increases
Stixrude, Lars
The increased efficiency of fish swimming in a school
There is increasing evidence that fish gain energetic benefits when they swim in a school. The most recent indications of such benefits are a lower tail (or fin) beat at the back of a school and reduced oxygen consumption in schooling fish versus solitary ones. How such advantages may arise is poorly understood. Current hydrodynamic theories concern either fish swimming side by side or in a diamond configuration and they largely ignore effects of viscosity and interactions among wakes and individuals. In reality, however, hydrodynamic effects are complex and fish swim in many configurations. Since these hydrodynamic effects are difficult to study empirically, we investigate them in a computer model by incorporating viscosity and interactions among wakes and with individuals. We compare swimming efficiency of mullets of 12.6 cm travelling solitarily and in schools of four different configurations at several inter-individual distances. The resulting Reynolds number (based on fish length) is approximately 1150. ...
Hemelrijk, C K; Hildenbrandt, H; Padding, J T
Incorporation of system operation strategies in water rights modeling and analysis
of the state of Texas. Effective management of this stochastic resource requires that the availability of water for various uses be estimated to a high degree of confidence. The availability of water is constrained by a variety of hydrologic, physical, environmental, and institutional factors. The adoption of the doctrine of prior appropriation by the state of Texas and the administration of the associated system of water rights places a significant institutional constraint upon the availability of water in the state. This thesis describes a generalized river basin simulation model (TAMUWRAP) capable of analyzing the hydrologic and institutional availability of water to specific users under a prior appropriative system of water rights. The model analyzes the availability of water to individual water rights considering system reservoir operations, return flows, hydroelectric power generation, negative incremental inflows between basin locations, and buffer zone operations. The model can also determine the availability of water to groups of water rights with multiple dates of priority and storage in multiple reservoirs. A case study applying TAMUWRAP to the Brazos River Basin in Texas is presented. The effects of various model options upon simulation results are demonstrated, concentrating on the system of reservoirs and water right permits owned by the Brazos River Authority. The effects of the incorporation of a system reservoir operating permit into the Texas water rights permit structure is investigated. Study results indicate that the Bmws River Authority benefits from conjunctive operation of its system of reservoir and might be able to increase its annual permitted diversion amount with a system permit.
Dunn, David Douglas
and process flow innovations to refine terrestrial lignocellulosic biomass into fuel ethanol. The proposed process furthers the cost effective production of ethanol from...
Novel approach to coal gasification using chemically incorporated catalysts (Phase II). Final report, May 1978-June 1981
Since 1974, Battelle has been developing a catalytic treatment process that would allow more economic, efficient and reliable utilization of the vast deposits of eastern coals in gasification systems. In order to keep the process simple and economic, a disposable catalyst lime (CaO), was employed. It was found that the effectiveness of low concentrations of CaO was greatly increased by thorough incorporation into the coal. As a result of these efforts, a catalytic treatment system has been developed that promises to allow simplifications and improvements in existing commercial gasification processes as well as advanced gasification systems. One gasification system that appears exceptionally attractive utilizing the treatment system is direct fluid-bed hydrogasification or hydropyrolysis. A simple pressurized fluid-bed steam/oxygen gasification system is also an attractive option which could be commercialized quickly. Data generated under this program demonstrated the technical and economic advantages of these approaches.
Feldmann, H.F.; Conkle, H.N.; Appelbaum, H.R.; Chauhan, S.P.
Incorporating voltage security into the planning, operation and monitoring of restructured electric energy markets
As open access market principles are applied to power systems, significant changes are happening in their planning, operation and control. In the emerging marketplace, systems are operating under higher loading conditions as markets focus greater attention to operating costs than stability and security margins. Since operating stability is a basic requirement for any power system, there is need for newer tools to ensure stability and security margins being strictly enforced in the competitive marketplace. This dissertation investigates issues associated with incorporating voltage security into the unbundled operating environment of electricity markets. It includes addressing voltage security in the monitoring, operational and planning horizons of restructured power system. This dissertation presents a new decomposition procedure to estimate voltage security usage by transactions. The procedure follows physical law and uses an index that can be monitored knowing the state of the system. The expression derived is based on composite market coordination models that have both PoolCo and OpCo transactions, in a shared stressed transmission grid. Our procedure is able to equitably distinguish the impacts of individual transactions on voltage stability, at load buses, in a simple and fast manner. This dissertation formulates a new voltage stability constrained optimal power flow (VSCOPF) using a simple voltage security index. In modern planning, composite power system reliability analysis that encompasses both adequacy and security issues is being developed. We have illustrated the applicability of our VSCOPF into composite reliability analysis. This dissertation also delves into the various applications of voltage security index. Increasingly, FACT devices are being used in restructured markets to mitigate a variety of operational problems. Their control effects on voltage security would be demonstrated using our VSCOPF procedure. Further, this dissertation investigates the application of steady state voltage stability index to detect potential dynamic voltage collapse. Finally, this dissertation examines developments in representation, standardization, communication and exchange of power system data. Power system data is the key input to all analytical engines for system operation, monitoring and control. Data exchange and dissemination could impact voltage security evaluation and therefore needs to be critically examined.
Nair, Nirmal-Kumar
FCT Education: Increase Your H2IQ
Increase Your H2IQ to someone by Increase Your H2IQ to someone by E-mail Share FCT Education: Increase Your H2IQ on Facebook Tweet about FCT Education: Increase Your H2IQ on Twitter Bookmark FCT Education: Increase Your H2IQ on Google Bookmark FCT Education: Increase Your H2IQ on Delicious Rank FCT Education: Increase Your H2IQ on Digg Find More places to share FCT Education: Increase Your H2IQ on AddThis.com... Home Increase Your H2IQ Fuel Cell Basics Hydrogen Production Basics Hydrogen Delivery Basics Hydrogen Storage Basics Hydrogen Safety Basics For Safety & Code Officials For State & Local Governments For Early Adopters For Students & Educators Careers in Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Quick Links Hydrogen Production Hydrogen Delivery Hydrogen Storage Fuel Cells Technology Validation Manufacturing
Al-Based Metallic Glass Incorporated Novel Ag Electrode for Si ...
... and good corrosion/oxidation resistances in the supercooled liquid state. ... Al- Based Metallic Glass Incorporated Novel Ag Electrode for Si Solar Cell ... Interfacial Free Energy and Local Order of Metallic Liquids from Elements to Alloys ... Predicting the Production of Glass Former Alloys by Mathematical Simulation of�...
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300762 Three-Dimensional Architectures Incorporating Stereoregular
molecules[2] (MIMs) have been incorporated into well-defined, extended architectures[3] of metalorganic p···p stacking of their hydroquinone (HQ) units, are sand- Abstract: We report the synthesis of two- sociated with both the DNP and hydro- quinone (HQ) units present in the crown ether, each catenane can
A General Method of Incorporating Forecast Cost and Loss in Value Scores
In this note, the author shows how to incorporate cost for correct forecasts in the skill score statistical test developed by Briggs and Ruppert and how to extend this result to another value score developed by Wilks. It is then shown that both ...
William Briggs
Quantifying the system balancing cost when wind energy is incorporated into
Quantifying the system balancing cost when wind energy is incorporated into electricity generation system Natalia Issaeva #12;Contents Notation 1 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Benefits of wind energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 Challenges of wind energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Balancing
Tanner, Jared
Wind Energy Management System EMS Integration Project: Incorporating Wind Generation and Load Forecast Uncertainties into Power Grid Operations
The power system balancing process, which includes the scheduling, real time dispatch (load following) and regulation processes, is traditionally based on deterministic models. Since the conventional generation needs time to be committed and dispatched to a desired megawatt level, the scheduling and load following processes use load and wind and solar power production forecasts to achieve future balance between the conventional generation and energy storage on the one side, and system load, intermittent resources (such as wind and solar generation), and scheduled interchange on the other side. Although in real life the forecasting procedures imply some uncertainty around the load and wind/solar forecasts (caused by forecast errors), only their mean values are actually used in the generation dispatch and commitment procedures. Since the actual load and intermittent generation can deviate from their forecasts, it becomes increasingly unclear (especially, with the increasing penetration of renewable resources) whether the system would be actually able to meet the conventional generation requirements within the look-ahead horizon, what the additional balancing efforts would be needed as we get closer to the real time, and what additional costs would be incurred by those needs. To improve the system control performance characteristics, maintain system reliability, and minimize expenses related to the system balancing functions, it becomes necessary to incorporate the predicted uncertainty ranges into the scheduling, load following, and, in some extent, into the regulation processes. It is also important to address the uncertainty problem comprehensively by including all sources of uncertainty (load, intermittent generation, generators� forced outages, etc.) into consideration. All aspects of uncertainty such as the imbalance size (which is the same as capacity needed to mitigate the imbalance) and generation ramping requirement must be taken into account. The latter unique features make this work a significant step forward toward the objective of incorporating of wind, solar, load, and other uncertainties into power system operations. Currently, uncertainties associated with wind and load forecasts, as well as uncertainties associated with random generator outages and unexpected disconnection of supply lines, are not taken into account in power grid operation. Thus, operators have little means to weigh the likelihood and magnitude of upcoming events of power imbalance. In this project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a framework has been developed for incorporating uncertainties associated with wind and load forecast errors, unpredicted ramps, and forced generation disconnections into the energy management system (EMS) as well as generation dispatch and commitment applications. A new approach to evaluate the uncertainty ranges for the required generation performance envelope including balancing capacity, ramping capability, and ramp duration has been proposed. The approach includes three stages: forecast and actual data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of future grid balancing requirements for specified time horizons and confidence levels. Assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on a histogram analysis, incorporating all sources of uncertainties of both continuous (wind and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and start-up failures) nature. A new method called the �flying brick� technique has been developed to evaluate the look-ahead required generation performance envelope for the worst case scenario within a user-specified confidence level. A self-validation algorithm has been developed to validate the accuracy of the confidence intervals.
Makarov, Yuri V.; Huang, Zhenyu; Etingov, Pavel V.; Ma, Jian; Guttromson, Ross T.; Subbarao, Krishnappa; Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B.
Production Will Meet Demand Increase This Summer
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
5 5 Notes: Production must meet increases in demand this year. Last year, increased imports met most of the summer demand increase, and increases in stock draws met almost all of the remainder. Production did not increase much. But this year, inventories will not be available, and increased imports seem unlikely. Thus, increases in production will be needed to meet increased demand. Imports availability is uncertain this summer. Imports in 1999 were high, and with Phase II RFG product requirements, maintaining this level could be challenging since not all refineries exporting to the U.S. will be able to meet the new gasoline specifications. Stocks will also contribute little supply this summer. Last year's high gasoline stocks allowed for a stock draw that was 58 MB/D higher than
Measurements and Standards to Support Increased Energy ...
Measurements and Standards to Support Increased Energy Efficiency and Reduced Environmental Impact (+$13.3 million). Challenge. ...
NIST Announces Funding Opportunity to Increase Energy ...
NIST Announces Funding Opportunity to Increase Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings. From NIST Tech Beat: February 16, 2012. ...
Increasing Global Renewable Energy Market Share
to experience even greater energy supply uncertainties and price increases from fossil fuels. Recent trendsIncreasing Global Renewable Energy Market Share: Recent Trends and Perspectives Final Report a time of growing volatility and uncertainty in world energy markets. Oil price increases, which hit oil
Damm, Werner
Marriage, Motherhood and Masculinity in the Global Economy: Reconfigurations of Personal and Economic Life
the world, led to the liberalisation of their economies andmarkets and the liberalisation of trade have increased the24; Hughes 2005). The liberalisation of sexual mores is
Kabeer, Naila
FC02-00CH11049; W(A)-01-003; CH-1056 FC02-00CH11049; W(A)-01-003; CH-1056 As set out in attached waiver petition and in subsequent discussions with Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar), Solar has requested an advance waiver of domestic and foreign patent rights for all subject inventions made under the above identified cooperative agreement by its employees and its subcontractors' employees regardless of tier, except inventions made by subcontractors eligible to retain title to inventions pursuant to P.L. 96-517, as amended, or National Laboratories. Under this agreement, Solar expects to develop and demonstrate a significantly improved combustion system for its Mercury 50 advanced industrial gas turbine by selectively incorporating advanced alloys, coatings, and composite and monolithic ceramics into
Incorporation of Multi-Member Substructure Capabilities in FAST for Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbines: Preprint
Incorporation of Multi-Member Incorporation of Multi-Member Substructure Capabilities in FAST for Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbines Preprint H. Song, A. Robertson, and J. Jonkman National Renewable Energy Laboratory D. Sewell University of Delaware Presented at the Offshore Technology Conference Houston, Texas April 30-May 3, 2012 Conference Paper NREL/CP-5000-53676 May 2012 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (Alliance), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Accordingly, the US Government and Alliance retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
One-Piece Battery Incorporating A Circulating Fluid Type Heat Exchanger
A one-piece battery comprises a tank divided into cells each receiving an electrode assembly, closure means for the tank and a circulating fluid type heat exchanger facing the relatively larger faces of the electrode assembly. The fluid flows in a compartment defined by two flanges which incorporate a fluid inlet orifice communicating with a common inlet manifold and a fluid outlet orifice communicating with a common outlet manifold. The tank comprises at least two units and each unit comprises at least one cell delimited by walls. The wall facing a relatively larger face of the electrode assembly constitutes one of the flanges. Each unit further incorporates a portion of an inlet and outlet manifold. The units are fastened together so that the flanges when placed face-to-face form a sealed circulation compartment and the portions of the same manifold are aligned with each other.
Verhoog, Roelof (Bordeaux, FR)
EPRI Increased Power Flow Guidebook -- 2011
The EPRI Increased Power Flow (IPF) Guidebook is a state-of-the-art and best-practices reference and guidebook on increasing the power flow capacities of existing overhead transmission lines, underground cables, power transformers, and substation equipment without compromising safety and reliability. The Guidebook discusses power system concerns and limiting conditions to increasing capacity, reviews available technology options and methods, illustrates the alternatives with case studies, and analyzes th...
EPRI Increased Transmission Capacity Workshop Proceedings
This report documents the proceedings of EPRI's Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Workshop. The workshop was held on September 20, 2011 at the offices of the American Transmission Company in Waukesha, Wisconsin. Participants included members of the EPRI Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Task Force. The workshop was a joint effort of two EPRI research projects: (1) Increased Power Flow Guidebook and Ratings for Overhead Lines, and (2) Impact of High Temperature Operation on Conductor Systems...
Soil carbon sequestration and changes in fungal and bacterial biomass following incorporation of forest residues.
Sequestering carbon (C) in forest soils can benefit site fertility and help offset greenhouse gas emissions. However, identifying soil conditions and forest management practices which best promote C accumulation remains a challenging task. We tested whether soil incorporation of masticated woody residues alters short-term C storage at forested sites in western and southeastern USA. Our hypothesis was that woody residues would preferentially stimulate soil fungal biomass, resulting in improved C use efficiency and greater soil C storage. Harvest slash at loblolly pine sites in South Carolina was masticated (chipped) and either (1) retained on the soil surface, (2) tilled to a soil depth of 40 cm, or (3) tilled using at least twice the mass of organics. At comparative sites in California, live woody fuels in ponderosa pine stands were (1) masticated and surface applied, (2) masticated and tilled, or (3) left untreated. Sites with clayey and sandy soils were compared in each region, with residue additions ranging from 20 to 207 Mg ha_1. Total and active fungal biomass were not strongly affected by residue incorporation despite the high input of organics. Limited response was also found for total and active bacterial biomass. As a consequence, fungal:bacterial (F:B) biomass ratios were similar among treatments at each site. Total soil C was elevated at one California site following residue incorporation, yet was significantly lower compared to surface-applied residues at both loblolly pine sites, presumably due to the oxidative effects of tilling on soil organic matter. The findings demonstrated an inconsequential effect of residue incorporation on fungal and bacterial biomass and suggest a limited potential of such practices to enhance long-term soil C storage in these forests.
Busse, Matt, D.; Sanchez, Felipe G.; Ratcliff, Alice W.; Butnor, John R.; Carter, Emily A.; Powers, Robert F.
An extension of the relational data model to incorporate ordered domains
We extend the relational data model to incorporate partial orderings into data domains, which we call the ordered relational model. Within the extended model, we define the partially ordered relational algebra (the PORA) by allowing the ordering predicate ... Keywords: Axiom system, chase rules, implication problem, language expressiveness, lexicographical ordering, mixed ordering, nonuniform completeness, order-preserving database automorphism, ordered SQL, ordered functional dependencies, ordered relational model, ordered relations, partially ordered domains, partially ordered relational algebra, pointwise ordering, tableaux, valuation mapping
Wilfred Ng
Method for increasing the rate of compressive strength gain in hardenable mixtures containing fly ash
The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction. The invention provides a method for increasing the rate of strength gain of a hardenable mixture containing fly ash by exposing the fly ash to an aqueous slurry of calcium oxide (lime) prior to its incorporation into the hardenable mixture. The invention further relates to such hardenable mixtures, e.g., concrete and mortar, that contain fly ash pre-reacted with calcium oxide. In particular, the fly ash is added to a slurry of calcium oxide in water, prior to incorporating the fly ash in a hardenable mixture. The hardenable mixture may be concrete or mortar. In a specific embodiment, mortar containing fly ash treated by exposure to an aqueous lime slurry are prepared and tested for compressive strength at early time points. 2 figs.
Liskowitz, J.W.; Wecharatana, M.; Jaturapitakkul, C.; Cerkanowicz, A.E.
The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction. The invention provides a method for increasing the rate of strength gain of a hardenable mixture containing fly ash by exposing the fly ash to an aqueous slurry of calcium oxide (lime) prior to its incorporation into the hardenable mixture. The invention further relates to such hardenable mixtures, e.g., concrete and mortar, that contain fly ash pre-reacted with calcium oxide. In particular, the fly ash is added to a slurry of calcium oxide in water, prior to incorporating the fly ash in a hardenable mixture. The hardenable mixture may be concrete or mortar. In a specific embodiment, mortar containing fly ash treated by exposure to an aqueous lime slurry are prepared and tested for compressive strength at early time points.
Liskowitz, John W. (Belle Mead, NJ); Wecharatana, Methi (Parsippany, NJ); Jaturapitakkul, Chai (Bangkok, TH); Cerkanowicz, deceased, Anthony E. (late of Livingston, NJ)
Increasing Power Plant Efficiency: Lignite Fuel Enhancement ...
Increasing Power Plant Efficiency: Lignite Fuel Enhancement (Completed March 31, 2010) Project Description The objectives of this project are to demonstrate a unique system for...
Available Technologies: Energy Crops Engineered for Increased ...
APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Biofuel feedstock plants; ADVANTAGES: Reduced lignin or phenolic compounds compared with wild type plants; Up to a 10 percent increase in ...
,"Shale Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases "
,"Worksheet Name","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Shale Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases ",36,"Annual",2011,"6302009" ,"Release...
Available Technologies: Efflux Pumps to Increase Microbial ...
Efflux Pumps to Increase Microbial Tolerance and Biofuel Production EIB-2845. ... to determining the most effective pumps for any given host and target ...
Increasing water holding capacity for irrigation
Increasing water holding capacity for irrigation Reseachers recommend solutions for sediment trapping in irrigation system LANL and SNL leveraged technical expertise to determine...
Latest Filter Developments Increasing Existing Aluminium Smelter ...
Abstract Scope, With increasing electricity costs and falling metal commodity ... and the latest extension of Ad?Flow� filter designs for even greater filtration�...
First-principles calculations of the stability and incorporation of helium, xenon and krypton in uranium
While metallic fuels have a long history of reactor use, their fundamental physical and thermodynamic properties are not well understood. Many metallic nuclear fuels are body-centered cubic alloys of uranium that swell under fission conditions, creating fission product gases such as helium, xenon and krypton. In this paper, helium, xenon, and krypton point defects are investigated in the a and ? phases of metallic uranium using first principles calculations. A density functional theory (DFT) framework is utilized with projector augmented-wave (PAW) pseudopotentials. Formation and incorporation energies of He, Xe, and Kr are calculated at various defect positions for the prediction of fission gas behavior in uranium. In most cases, defect energies follow a size effect, with helium incorporation and formation energies being the smallest. The most likely position for the larger Xe and Kr atoms in uranium is the substitutional site. Helium atoms are likely to be found in a wide variety of defect positions due to the comparable formation energies of all defect configurations analyzed. This is the first detailed study of the stability and incorporation of fission gases in uranium.
B. Beeler; B. Good; S. Rashkeev; M. Baskes; M. Okuniewski
Optimizing Development Strategies to Increase Reserves in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
The ever increasing energy demand brings about widespread interest to rapidly, profitably and efficiently develop unconventional resources, among which tight gas sands hold a significant portion. However, optimization of development strategies in tight gas fields is challenging, not only because of the wide range of depositional environments and large variability in reservoir properties, but also because the evaluation often has to deal with a multitude of wells, limited reservoir information, and time and budget constraints. Unfortunately, classical full-scale reservoir evaluation cannot be routinely employed by small- to medium-sized operators, given its timeconsuming and expensive nature. In addition, the full-scale evaluation is generally built on deterministic principles and produces a single realization of the reservoir, despite the significant uncertainty faced by operators. This work addresses the need for rapid and cost-efficient technologies to help operators determine optimal well spacing in highly uncertain and risky unconventional gas reservoirs. To achieve the research objectives, an integrated reservoir and decision modeling tool that fully incorporates uncertainty was developed. Monte Carlo simulation was used with a fast, approximate reservoir simulation model to match and predict production performance in unconventional gas reservoirs. Simulation results were then fit with decline curves to enable direct integration of the reservoir model into a Bayesian decision model. These integrated tools were applied to the tight gas assets of Unconventional Gas Resources Inc. in the Berland River area, Alberta, Canada.
Turkarslan, Gulcan
Increased efficiency of topping cycle PCFB power plants
Pressurized circulating fluidized bed (PCFB) power plants offer the power industry significantly increased efficiencies with reduced costs of electricity and lower emissions. When topping combustion is incorporated in the plant, these advantages are enhanced. In the plant, coal is fed to a pressurized carbonizer that produces a low-Btu fuel gas and char. After passing through a cyclone and ceramic barrier filter to remove gas-entrained particulates and a packed bed of emathelite pellets to remove alkali vapors. the fuel gas is burned in a topping combustor to produce the energy required to drive a gas turbine. The gas turbine drives a generator combustor, and a fluidized bed heat exchanger (FBHE). The carbonizer char is burned in the PCFB and the exhaust gas passes through its own cyclone, ceramic barrier filter, and alkali getter and supports combustion of the fuel gas in the topping combustor. Steam generated in a heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG) downstream of the gas turbine and in the FBHE associated with the PCFB drives the steam turbine generator that furnishes the balance of electric power delivered by the plant.
Robertson, A.; Domeracki, W.; Horazak, D. [and others
Security enhanced with increased vehicle inspections
Security enhanced with increased vehicle inspections Security enhanced with increased vehicle inspections Security measures increase as of March: vehicle inspections won't delay traffic New increased security procedures meet LANL's security objectives while minimizing impacts on local businesses and tourists. March 23, 2012 The most prominent change is the increase of random inspections of all vehicles transiting the Laboratory, to include West and East Jemez Roads and roadways leading to the main Laboratory administrative area, Technical Area 3 Expect random inspections of all vehicles transiting the Laboratory, to include West and East Jemez Roads and roadways leading to the main Laboratory administrative area, Technical Area 3. Contact Kevin Roark Communications Office (505) 665-9202 Email "We're doing our best to meet our security objectives while minimizing
Test Procedure for 170.302.h Incorporate Laboratory Test Results APPROVED Version 1.1 September 24, 2010
Test Procedure for §170.302.h Incorporate Laboratory Test Results APPROVED Version 1.1 September 24, 2010 1 Test Procedure for §170.302 (h) Incorporate Laboratory Test Results This document describes the test procedure for evaluating conformance of complete EHRs or EHR modules1
Wind Energy Management System Integration Project Incorporating Wind Generation and Load Forecast Uncertainties into Power Grid Operations
The power system balancing process, which includes the scheduling, real time dispatch (load following) and regulation processes, is traditionally based on deterministic models. Since the conventional generation needs time to be committed and dispatched to a desired megawatt level, the scheduling and load following processes use load and wind power production forecasts to achieve future balance between the conventional generation and energy storage on the one side, and system load, intermittent resources (such as wind and solar generation) and scheduled interchange on the other side. Although in real life the forecasting procedures imply some uncertainty around the load and wind forecasts (caused by forecast errors), only their mean values are actually used in the generation dispatch and commitment procedures. Since the actual load and intermittent generation can deviate from their forecasts, it becomes increasingly unclear (especially, with the increasing penetration of renewable resources) whether the system would be actually able to meet the conventional generation requirements within the look-ahead horizon, what the additional balancing efforts would be needed as we get closer to the real time, and what additional costs would be incurred by those needs. In order to improve the system control performance characteristics, maintain system reliability, and minimize expenses related to the system balancing functions, it becomes necessary to incorporate the predicted uncertainty ranges into the scheduling, load following, and, in some extent, into the regulation processes. It is also important to address the uncertainty problem comprehensively, by including all sources of uncertainty (load, intermittent generation, generators� forced outages, etc.) into consideration. All aspects of uncertainty such as the imbalance size (which is the same as capacity needed to mitigate the imbalance) and generation ramping requirement must be taken into account. The latter unique features make this work a significant step forward toward the objective of incorporating of wind, solar, load, and other uncertainties into power system operations. In this report, a new methodology to predict the uncertainty ranges for the required balancing capacity, ramping capability and ramp duration is presented. Uncertainties created by system load forecast errors, wind and solar forecast errors, generation forced outages are taken into account. The uncertainty ranges are evaluated for different confidence levels of having the actual generation requirements within the corresponding limits. The methodology helps to identify system balancing reserve requirement based on a desired system performance levels, identify system �breaking points�, where the generation system becomes unable to follow the generation requirement curve with the user-specified probability level, and determine the time remaining to these potential events. The approach includes three stages: statistical and actual data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of future grid balancing requirements for specified time horizons and confidence intervals. Assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on a histogram analysis incorporating all sources of uncertainty and parameters of a continuous (wind forecast and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and failures to start up) nature. Preliminary simulations using California Independent System Operator (California ISO) real life data have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach. A tool developed based on the new methodology described in this report will be integrated with the California ISO systems. Contractual work is currently in place to integrate the tool with the AREVA EMS system.
Weatherization Assistance Program: Spurring Innovation, Increasing Home
Weatherization Assistance Program: Spurring Innovation, Increasing Weatherization Assistance Program: Spurring Innovation, Increasing Home Energy Efficiency Weatherization Assistance Program: Spurring Innovation, Increasing Home Energy Efficiency October 31, 2013 - 5:01pm Addthis The Intermountain Weatherization Training Center in Clearfield, Utah. Weatherization Training Centers throughout the nation teach workers valuable skills needed to improve energy efficiency of homes. | Photo courtesy of Intermountain Weatherization Training Center The Intermountain Weatherization Training Center in Clearfield, Utah. Weatherization Training Centers throughout the nation teach workers valuable skills needed to improve energy efficiency of homes. | Photo courtesy of Intermountain Weatherization Training Center Bob Adams Supervisor, Weatherization Assistance Program
In this paper we discuss the possibility of increasing the energy of beams in RHIC by as much as 30% with a modest trade-off in luminosity. The arc dipoles and quadrupoles were designed with considerable margin. For higher energies (>100 GeV/nucleon) the minimum {beta}* may be required to increase as the interaction region triplets saturate. The separator magnets (DX) have the least margin for increased field, so we consider three scenarios: allowing for a small crossing angle with the present DX magnets, upgrading the DX magnets to higher strength, and permitting a crossing angle of {approximately}1{degree} by removing the DX magnets altogether.
Increased Radical Cation Yields: Arenes in DCE
Increased Yields of Radical Cations by Arene Addition to Irradiated Increased Yields of Radical Cations by Arene Addition to Irradiated 1,2-Dichloroethane Alison M. Funston and John R. Miller Radiat. Phys. Chem., 72, 601-611 (2005). [Find paper at Elsevier Science Direct] Abstract: Pulse radiolysis in chlorinated hydrocarbon liquids such as 1,2-dichloroethane is a versatile and effective method for the generation of solute radical cations. The addition of a large concentration of toluene or benzene to solutions of 1,2-dichloroethane is found to increase the yield of solute radical cations (G = 0.68 molecules/100 eV in 1,2-dichloroethane (Wang et al., 1979) by a factor of 2.5. The increased yield is found for solutes which have a potential of ~ 1.1 V (vs SCE) or below for the S+·/S couple and is due to reaction of the chlorine
Increasing Energy Security | Department of Energy
Increasing Energy Security Increasing Energy Security Increasing Energy Security January 20, 2012 - 4:01pm Addthis Increasing Energy Security Heather Zichal Deputy Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change Editor's note: This article is cross-posted from WhiteHouse.gov. There is a lot of discussion lately about domestic energy production and American energy security. For the Obama Administration, moving towards the goal of energy independence has been a clear priority since day one. When President Obama took office, the United States imported 11 million barrels of oil a day. The President has put forward a plan to cut that by one-third by 2025 by strengthening domestic production of our energy resources, making our homes and buildings more efficient, and transitioning to a wide
Tutorial on Increased Power Flow Guidebook
This project developed an annotated presentation of key material from the Increased Power Flow Guidebook that was published by EPRI in 2006. The presentation includes both power point and acrobat files on a CD accompanying the report.
Cloning humans, increasing intelligence, and AIDS money
Cloning humans, increasing intelligence, and AIDS money Name: Eric T Jenes Status: NA Age: NA Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: How close are we to cloning humans?...
Increasing Evapotranspiration from the Conterminous United States
Recent research suggests that evapotranspiration (ET) rates have changed over the past 50 years; however, some studies conclude ET has increased, and others conclude that it has decreased. These studies were indirect, using long-term observations ...
M. Todd Walter; Daniel S. Wilks; J-Yves Parlange; Rebecca L. Schneider
Suppose that, 0 = ?o increasing ... - CECM
We see, from the results, a dramatic increase in si ze between ( 5 ) (around 7 thousand) and ( 6 ) (around 11 billion) . I f the growth rate maintains then the size.
Distillate Prices Increasing With Crude Oil
8 Notes: This slide shows the strong influence crude oil prices have on retail distillate prices. Distillate tracks the crude price increases seen in 1996 and the subsequent fall...
Rapid increases in electricity demand challenge both ...
... on April 1 was the steepest so far this year in SPP. The rate of increase in electricity demand peaked at 12.4% between 6 a.m. and 7 a.m. ...
Proceedings of the Increased Power Flow Workshop
This report documents the proceedings of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Workshop. The workshop was held on August 13, 2013, at the offices of City Public Service in San Antonio, Texas. Participants included members of the EPRI Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Task Force. The workshop was a joint effort of two EPRI research projects: (1) Ratings for Overhead Lines, and (2) Impact of High-Temperature Operation of Overhead ...
Determining the Effectiveness of Incorporating Geographic Information Into Vehicle Performance Algorithms
This thesis presents a research study using one year of driving data obtained from plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) located in Sacramento and San Francisco, California to determine the effectiveness of incorporating geographic information into vehicle performance algorithms. Sacramento and San Francisco were chosen because of the availability of high resolution (1/9 arc second) digital elevation data. First, I present a method for obtaining instantaneous road slope, given a latitude and longitude, and introduce its use into common driving intensity algorithms. I show that for trips characterized by >40m of net elevation change (from key on to key off), the use of instantaneous road slope significantly changes the results of driving intensity calculations. For trips exhibiting elevation loss, algorithms ignoring road slope overestimated driving intensity by as much as 211 Wh/mile, while for trips exhibiting elevation gain these algorithms underestimated driving intensity by as much as 333 Wh/mile. Second, I describe and test an algorithm that incorporates vehicle route type into computations of city and highway fuel economy. Route type was determined by intersecting trip GPS points with ESRI StreetMap road types and assigning each trip as either city or highway route type according to whichever road type comprised the largest distance traveled. The fuel economy results produced by the geographic classification were compared to the fuel economy results produced by algorithms that assign route type based on average speed or driving style. Most results were within 1 mile per gallon ({approx}3%) of one another; the largest difference was 1.4 miles per gallon for charge depleting highway trips. The methods for acquiring and using geographic data introduced in this thesis will enable other vehicle technology researchers to incorporate geographic data into their research problems.
Sera White
Site specific incorporation of heavy atom-containing unnatural amino acids into proteins for structure determination
Translation systems and other compositions including orthogonal aminoacyl tRNA-synthetases that preferentially charge an orthogonal tRNA with an iodinated or brominated amino acid are provided. Nucleic acids encoding such synthetases are also described, as are methods and kits for producing proteins including heavy atom-containing amino acids, e.g., brominated or iodinated amino acids. Methods of determining the structure of a protein, e.g., a protein into which a heavy atom has been site-specifically incorporated through use of an orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl tRNA-synthetase pair, are also described.
Xie, Jianming (San Diego, CA); Wang, Lei (San Diego, CA); Wu, Ning (Boston, MA); Schultz, Peter G. (La Jolla, CA)
Dynamic modelling of a double-pendulum gantry crane system incorporating payload
The natural sway of crane payloads is detrimental to safe and efficient operation. Under certain conditions, the problem is complicated when the payloads create a double pendulum effect. This paper presents dynamic modelling of a double-pendulum gantry crane system based on closed-form equations of motion. The Lagrangian method is used to derive the dynamic model of the system. A dynamic model of the system incorporating payload is developed and the effects of payload on the response of the system are discussed. Extensive results that validate the theoretical derivation are presented in the time and frequency domains.
Ismail, R. M. T. Raja; Ahmad, M. A.; Ramli, M. S.; Ishak, R.; Zawawi, M. A. [Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang (Malaysia)
Galanin Microinjection in the Third Ventricle Increases
Background: The neuropeptide galanin increases food intake. Chronic ethanol (EtOH) increases the expression of galanin in the hypothalamus. The research presented here examines the effects of microinjection of galanin in the third ventricle on voluntary alcohol intake. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats with a cannula in the third ventricle were given access to increasing concentrations of EtOH for 12 hr/day until all acquired a preference for 7 % EtOH over water in a two-bottle choice. Rats then received a microinjection of galanin (0, 1, and 3 nmol) alone or in combination with the galanin antagonist M40 (1 nmol) and with M40 alone to determine the effects on EtOH and water intake. Tests were conducted during both the light and dark periods of a 12:12-hr light-dark cycle with food available ad libitum. As a control for galanin-induced calorie intake, both EtOH and food were measured in a subset of rats during the dark. Results: Microinjections of galanin (1.0 and 3.0 nmol) increased EtOH consumption during both periods of the light-dark cycle. Galanin�s effect on ethanol intake during the light was large relative to the very low intake of food and water during this period. Rats increased their intake of EtOH but not food. Receptor specificity for galanin (3 nmol) was shown by the galanin antagonist M40, which blocked the increase in EtOH intake. M40 alone decreased EtOH intake slightly. Conclusions: These data show that galanin injected in the third ventricle increases EtOH consumption and that the effect can occur during both the light and the dark periods of the diurnal cycle in the presence of food and water. This suggests that galanin may play a role in augmenting voluntary alcohol intake and perhaps the development of alcohol dependence.
Voluntary Ethanol Intake; Michael J. Lewis; Deanne F. Johnson; Daniel Waldman; Sarah F. Leibowitz; Bartley G. Hoebel
Increased Cytotoxicity of Oxidized Flame Soot
Increased Cytotoxicity of Oxidized Flame Soot Increased Cytotoxicity of Oxidized Flame Soot Title Increased Cytotoxicity of Oxidized Flame Soot Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2012 Authors Holder, Amara L., Brietta J. Carter, Regine Goth-Goldstein, Donald Lucas, and Catherine P. Koshland Journal Atmospheric Pollution Research Volume 3 Start Page 25 Issue 1 Pagination 25-31 Date Published 01/2012 Keywords health effects, ozone, soot, toxicity Abstract Combustion-generated particles released into the atmosphere undergo reactions with oxidants, which can change the particles' physiochemical characteristics. In this work, we compare the physical and chemical properties and cellular response of particles fresh from a flame with those oxidized by ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The reaction with ozone and nitrogen dioxide does not significantly modify the physical characteristics of the particles (primary particle size, fractal dimension, and surface area). However, oxidation affects the chemical characteristics of the particles, creating more oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups, and increases their hydrophilicity. In addition, oxidized soot generates more reactive oxygen species, as measured by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Furthermore, oxidized soot is 1.5-2 times more toxic than soot that was not reacted with ozone, but the inflammatory response, measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion, is unchanged. These results imply that combustion-generated particles released into the atmosphere will have an increased toxicity on or after high ozone days.
STEO January 2013 - oil production increase
oil production to increase in 2013 and 2014 oil production to increase in 2013 and 2014 U.S. crude oil production is expected to keep rising over the next two years. America's oil output will jump nearly 900,000 barrels per day in 2013 to an average 7.3 million barrels a day, according to the latest monthly forecast from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. This would mark the biggest one-year increase in output since U.S. commercial crude oil production began in 1859. U.S. daily oil production is expected to rise by another 600,000 barrels in 2014 to nearly 8 million barrels a day, the highest level since 1988. Most of America's oil production growth over the next two years will come from more drilling activity in tight shale rock formations located in North Dakota and Texas
Increasing Scientific Productivity by Tracking Data
Data Tracking Data Tracking Increases Scientific Productivity Data Tracking Increases Scientific Productivity July 20, 2011 | Tags: HPSS, NERSC Linda Vu, email@example.com, +1 510 486 2402 HPSS Storage New supercomputers and networks are contributing to record levels of scientific productivity. In fact, every new system installed at NERSC over the last 10 years has generated about 50 percent more data than its predecessor. To effectively meet the increasing scientific demand for storage systems and services, the center's staff must first understand how data moves within the facility. Until recently, the process of obtaining these insights was extremely tedious because the statistics came from multiple sources, including network router statistics, client and server transfer logs, storage and accounting reports-all saved as very
Increased demand spurs gas compression industry
The increasing demand for natural gas in the last five years has led to dynamic development in the gas compression industry as producers and transmission companies expand operations to supply gas. To handle the increase, for example, transmission companies have been steadily adding new lines to the pipeline infrastructure--3,437 miles in 1995 and an estimated 4,088 miles in 1997. New compression for pipelines has also increased from 212,637 horsepower added in 1989 to an estimated 311,685 horsepower to be added in 1997. Four key trends which influence the gas compression business have developed since the mid 1980s: first, a steady resurgence of demand for natural gas each year; second, a phenomenal number of mergers and buyouts among gas compression companies; third, an alarming drop in average daily gas production per well since 1972; and fourth, high drilling activity in the Gulf of Mexico.
Honea, M. [Weatherford Enterra, Inc., Houston, TX (United States)
Self-Consistent C-V Characterization of Depletion Mode Buried Channel InGaAs/InAs Quantum Well FET Incorporating Strain Effects
We investigated Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) characteristics of the Depletion Mode Buried Channel InGaAs/InAs Quantum Well FET by using Self-Consistent method incorporating Quantum Mechanical (QM) effects. Though the experimental results of C-V for enhancement type device is available in recent literature, a complete characterization of electrostatic property of depletion type Buried Channel Quantum Well FET (QWFET) structure is yet to be done. C-V characteristics of the device is studied with the variation of three important process parameters: Indium (In) composition, gate dielectric and oxide thickness. We observed that inversion capacitance and ballistic current tend to increase with the increase in Indium (In) content in InGaAs barrier layer.
Imtiaz Ahmed; Iftikhar Ahmad Niaz; Md. Hasibul Alam; Nadim Chowdhury; Zubair Al Azim; Quazi Deen Mohd Khosru
Ahmed, Imtiaz; Alam, Md Hasibul; Chowdhury, Nadim; Azim, Zubair Al; Khosru, Quazi Deen Mohd
Sodium-Doped Molybdenum Targets for Controllable Sodium Incorporation in CIGS Solar Cells: Preprint
The efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is enhanced when Na is incorporated in the CIGS absorber layer. This work examines Na incorporation in CIGS utilizing Na-doped Mo sputtered from targets made with sodium molybdate-doped (MONA) powder. Mo:Na films with varying thicknesses were sputtered onto Mo-coated borosilicate glass (BSG) or stainless steel substrates for CIGS solar cells. By use of this technique, the Na content of CIGS can be varied from near-zero to higher than that obtained from a soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate. Targets and deposition conditions are described. The doped Mo films are analyzed, and the resulting devices are compared to devices fabricated on Mo-coated SLG as well as Mo-coated BSG with NaF. Completed devices utilizing MONA exceeded 15.7% efficiency without anti-reflective coating, which was consistently higher than devices prepared with the NaF precursor. Strategies for minimizing adhesion difficulties are presented.
Mansfield, L. M.; Repins, I. L.; Glynn, S.; Carducci, M. D.; Honecker, D. M.; Pankow, J.; Young, M.; DeHart, C.; Sundaramoorthy, R.; Beall, C. L.; To, B.
FAST, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), is an aero-hydro-servo-elastic tool widely used for analyzing onshore and offshore wind turbines. This paper discusses recent modifications made to FAST to enable the examination of offshore wind turbines with fixed-bottom, multi-member support structures (which are commonly used in transitional-depth waters).; This paper addresses the methods used for incorporating the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loading on multi-member structures in FAST through its hydronamic loading module, HydroDyn. Modeling of the hydrodynamic loads was accomplished through the incorporation of Morison and buoyancy loads on the support structures. Issues addressed include how to model loads at the joints of intersecting members and on tapered and tilted members of the support structure. Three example structures are modeled to test and verify the solutions generated by the modifications to HydroDyn, including a monopile, tripod, and jacket structure. Verification is achieved through comparison of the results to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-derived solution using the commercial software tool STAR-CCM+.
Song, H.; Robertson, A.; Jonkman, J.; Sewell, D.
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF WINDOW�S� VIRTUAL MEMORY INCORPORATING THE SYSTEM�S PAGEFILE Computer Forensics is concerned with the use of computer investigation and analysis techniques in order to collect evidence suitable for presentation in court. The examination of volatile memory is a relatively new but important area in computer forensics. More recently criminals are becoming more forensically aware and are now able to compromise computers without accessing the hard disk of the target computer. This means that traditional incident response practice of pulling the plug will destroy the only evidence of the crime. While some techniques are available for acquiring the contents of main memory, few exist which can analyze these data in a meaningful way. One reason for this is how memory is managed by the operating system. Data belonging to one process can be distributed arbitrarily across physical memory or the hard disk, making it very difficult to recover useful information. This report will focus on how these disparate sources of information can be combined to give a single, contiguous address space for each process. Using address translation a tool is developed to reconstruct the virtual address space of a process by combining a physical memory dump with the page-file on the hard disk. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE THROUGH MALICIOUS CODE ANALYSIS As computer network technology continues to grow so does the reliance on this technology for everyday business functionality. To appeal to customers and employees alike, businesses are seeking an increased online prescience, and to increase productivity the same businesses are computerizing their day-to-day operations. The combination of a publicly accessible interface to the businesses network, and the increase in the amount of intellectual property present on these networks presents serious risks. All of this intellectual property now faces constant attacks from a wide variety of malicious software that is intended to uncover company and government secrets. Every year billions of dollars are invested in preventing and recovering from the introduction of malicious code into a system. However, there is little research being done on leveraging these attacks for counterintelligence opportunities. With the ever-increasing number of vulnerable computers on the Internet the task of attributing these attacks to an organization or a single person is a daunting one. This thesis will demonstrate the idea of intentionally running a piece of malicious code in a secure environment in order to gain counterintelligence on an attacker.
Jared Stimson Edward Murphy
Increased Power Flow Guidebook - Underground Cables
Utilities must consider a number of factors when evaluating uprating and upgrading options for underground transmission cables. This comprehensive guidebook documents the state-of-science for increasing power flow capacities of underground transmission cables. It provides an overview of underground transmission cable ratings and uprating techniques so that the maximum utilization can be obtained from the existing underground transmission infrastructure.
Sensitivity of Global Climate Model Simulations to Increased Stomatal Resistance and C02 Increases*
Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 will not only modify climate, they will also likely increase the water-use efficiency of plants by decreasing stomatal openings. The effect of the imposition of �doubled stomatal resistance� on climate is ...
A. Henderson-Sellers; K. McGuffie; C. Gross
Effect of incorporating cellulose nanocrystals from corncob on the tensile, thermal and barrier properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites
The effect of incorporating cellulose nanocrystals fromcorncob (CNC) on the tensile, thermal, and barrier properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites was evaluated. The CNC were prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 45�C for 60 minutes, ...
Hudson Alves Silv�rio, Wilson Pires Flauzino Neto, Daniel Pasquini
Increasing CO2 Storage in Oil Recovery
Increasing CO Increasing CO 2 Storage in Oil Recovery Kristian Jessen (firstname.lastname@example.com, 650-723-6348) Linda C. Sam-Olibale (email@example.com, 650-725-0831) Anthony R. Kovscek (firstname.lastname@example.com, 650-723-1218) Franklin M. Orr, Jr. (email@example.com, 650-723-2750) Department of Petroleum Engineering, Stanford University 65 Green Earth Sciences Building 367 Panama Street Stanford, CA 94305-2220 Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) injection has been used as a commercial process for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) since the 1970's. Because the cost of oil recovered is closely linked to the purchase cost of the CO 2 injected, considerable reservoir engineering design effort has gone into reducing the total amount of CO 2 required to recover each barrel of oil. If,
Increasing TCP�s initial window
The initial window MAY be two packets (instead of the current initial window of one packet). For packets of at most 1460 bytes, the initial window MAY be three packets. For packets of at most 1095 bytes, the initial window MAY be four packets. 2 The Burstiness of Current TCP in Slow-Start: cwnd = 1 packet:) send one data packet ( receive one ACK increase cwnd to 2 packets:) send two back-to-back packets ( receive one ACK (a delayed ACK) increase cwnd to 3 packets:) send three back-to-back packets 3 The Burstiness of Current TCP with a Dropped Ack: cwnd = N packets, N packets are in pipe: ( receive one ACK, acking two packets) send two back-to-back packets ( receive one ACK, acking two packets) send two back-to-back packets ONE ACK IS DROPPED IN THE NETWORK
Sally Floyd
Dynamical overlap fermions with increased topological tunnelling
We present two improvements to our previous dynamical overlap HMC algorithm. We introduce a new method of differentiating the eigenvectors of the Kernel operator, which removes an instability in the fermionic force. Secondly, by simulating part of the fermion determinant exactly, without pseudo-fermions, we are able to increase the rate of topological tunnelling by a factor of more than ten, reducing the auto-correlation.
N. Cundy; S. Krieg; T. Lippert; A Schaefer
WAIVER OF DOMESTIC WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN INVENTION RIGHTS UNDER DOE CONTRACT NO. DE-FC26- 05NT42461, SUBCONTRACT QZ001; W(A)-05-040, CH-1322 The Petitioner, Corning Incorporated (Corning) was awarded a subcontract under a cooperative agreement for the performance of work entitled, "Advanced Gasification Mercury/Trace Metal Control with Monolith Traps". The prime contract is with the University of North Dakota Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC). The purpose of the project is to develop effective, economical technology to enable the removal of mercury from syngas created when coal is gasified. Under the subcontract, Corning will conduct research into whether Corning's impregnated monolith technology, in conjunction with the University of North Dakota's
Microsoft Word - Satchwell Analytical Frameworks to Incorporate DR FINAL for RCO.docx
Analytical Frameworks to Analytical Frameworks to Incorporate Demand Response in Long-term Resource Planning Andrew Satchwell 1 and Ryan Hledik 2 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2 The Brattle Group Environmental Energy Technologies Division September 2013 Preprint of article submitted to Utilities Policy Journal. The work described in this report was funded by the National Electricity Delivery Division of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability under Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither
Wind Developer's Perspective on Incorporating Wind in Cap and Trade Program
Developer's Perspective Developer's Perspective on Incorporating Wind in Cap & Trade Programs January 12, 2006 Kevin Rackstraw Clipper Windpower, Inc. Clipper Windpower, Inc. 301/263 301/263- -0028 0028 firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com About Clipper Windpower * Founded by James Dehlsen, a wind energy pioneer and recognized world leader in the wind industry, and founder of the company that is now GE Wind * Team is one of the most experienced in the business * Both a developer of wind projects and manufacturer of large wind turbines * Over $1.5 billion of wind projects developed * Another $4 billion of wind projects in the development pipeline Motivations * Emissions reduction claims: * In cap and trade states, neither we nor our marketers can state that we reduce capped emissions w/out allowances
TM-11118 TM-11118 RESULTS OF THE RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY AT METPATH INCORPORATED, 1 MALCOLM AVENUE, TETERBORO, NEW JERSEY (TJOO3) FL D. Foley L. M. Floyd, Printed in the United States of America. Available from National Technical Information Serwce U.S. Department of Commerce I 5265 Port Royal Road. Springfield, Virginia 22161 NTIS price codes-Printed Copy:A03 Microfiche A01 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an 8ge"cy of the UnitedSlaterGovernmenl.NeithertheUnitedStatesGovernmen~no,anyagency thereof. nor any 01 their employees. makes any warranty. express 0, implied. 0, assumes any legal liabhty or responsibility lo, the accuracy. completeness. 0, UJB~U~WSJ of any information. apparatus. product. or process disClosed. or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein
Hr. Michael Esposito Audio-Tex Industries, Incorporated 4555 West Addison Street
-- -- Hr. Michael Esposito Audio-Tex Industries, Incorporated 4555 West Addison Street Chicago, Illinois 60641 Dear Mr. Esposito: Enclosed is a copy of the final survey report for your facility in Chicago,. Illinois , which is the site of the former ERA Tool & Engineering Company. The survey report documents the fact that the radiological condition of your facility is in compliance with applicable Department of Energy Guidelines and that no remedial action or further investigaticns are necessary. If you have any questions regarding the survey results or our dssociated actions, contact Mr. James Wagoner of my staff at 301-353-2802. Sincerely, James 3. Fiore, Director Division of Facility and Site Decommissioning Projects Office of Kuclear Energy
FG02-00CH11062; W(A)-01-007; CH-1060 FG02-00CH11062; W(A)-01-007; CH-1060 As set out in attached waiver petition and in subsequent discussions with Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar), Solar has requested an advance waiver of domestic and foreign patent rights for all subject inventions made under the above identified cooperative agreement by its employees and its subcontractors' employees, regardless of tier, except inventions made by subcontractors eligible to retain title to inventions pursuant to P.L. 96-517, as amended, or National Laboratories. The objective of the cooperative agreement is to develop new alloys for use in high temperature turbomachinery, and specifically, in the Primary Surface Recuperator (PSR) in Solar's Mercury 50 gas turbine. As brought out in paragraph 2 of Solar's petition, the new material will be used in
Incorporating ecological risk assessment into remedial investigation/feasibility study work plans
This guidance document (1) provides instructions on preparing the components of an ecological work plan to complement the overall site remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) work plan and (2) directs the user on how to implement ecological tasks identified in the plan. Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), and RI/FS work plan will have to be developed as part of the site-remediation scoping process. Specific guidance on the RI/FS process and the preparation of work plans has been developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1988a). This document provides guidance to US Department of Energy (DOE) staff and contractor personnel for incorporation of ecological information into environmental remediation planning and decision making at CERCLA sites.
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Incorporating Radiation Effects into Edge Plasma Transport Models with Extended Atomic Data Tables
Plasmas at the tokamak edge can be very optically thick to hydrogen resonance lines. The resulting strong line radiation can significantly affect the ionization and energy balance in these plasmas. One method of account for effects is to self-consistently couple a partially ionized plasma transport model with a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model incorporating line radiation transfer. This approach has been implemented in one dimension, but would be computationally challenging and expensive to implement in multiple dimensions. Approximate treatments of radiation transfer can decrease the computational time, but would still require coupling to a multidimensional plasma transport model to address realistic geometries, e.g. the tokamak divertor. Here, we consider the development of atomic hydrogen data tables that include radiation interactions and can be easily applied to multidimensional geometries.
Scott, H A; Adams, M L
Incorporation of Novel Nanostructured Materials into Solar Cells and Nanoelectronic Devices
Each of the investigators on this project has had significant accomplishments toward the production of semiconductor nanoparticles, particles, and thin films and attempts to incorporate these materials into photovoltaics or sensors; to use them for improving fluorescence diagnostics; or to employ them as cancer fighting agents. The synthesis and characterization of the nanomaterials, and more recently the device construction and testing of these materials, have been the subject of several publications and presentations by team members. During the course of the investigations, several students were fully involved as part of their graduate and undergraduate training. The nature of these projects in material development dictates that the students have gained significant experience in a diverse array of material-related topics.
Rodriguez, Rene; Pak, Joshua; Holland, Andrew; Hunt, Alan; Bitterwolf, Thomas; Qiang, You; Bergman, Leah; Berven, Christine; Punnoose, Alex; Tenne, Dmitri
Incorporation of catalytic dehydrogenation into fischer-tropsch synthesis to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions
A new method of producing liquid transportation fuels from coal and other hydrocarbons that significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions by combining Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with catalytic dehydrogenation is claimed. Catalytic dehydrogenation (CDH) of the gaseous products (C1-C4) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) can produce large quantities of hydrogen while converting the carbon to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Incorporation of CDH into a FTS-CDH plant converting coal to liquid fuels can eliminate all or most of the CO.sub.2 emissions from the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction that is currently used to elevate the H.sub.2 level of coal-derived syngas for FTS. Additionally, the FTS-CDH process saves large amounts of water used by the WGS reaction and produces a valuable by-product, MWCNT.
Huffman, Gerald P.
Ionic liquid pretreatment of poplar wood at room temperature: swelling and incorporation of nanoparticles
Lignocellulosic biomass represents a potentially sustainable source of liquid fuels and commodity chemicals. It could satisfy the energy needs for transportation and electricity generation, while contributing substantially to carbon sequestration and limiting the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Potential feedstocks are abundant and include crops, agricultural wastes, forest products, grasses, and algae. Among those feedstocks, wood is mainly constituted of three components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The conversion process of lignocellulosic biomass typically consists of three steps: (1) pretreatment; (2) hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars; and (3) fermentation of the sugars into liquid fuels (ethanol) and other commodity chemicals. The pretreatment step is necessary due to the complex structure of the plant cell wall and the chemical resistance of lignin. Most current pretreatments are energy-intensive and/or polluting. So it is imperative to develop new pretreatments that are economically viable and environmentally friendly. Recently, ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest, due to their ability to dissolve biopolymers, such as cellulose, lignin, native switchgrass, and others. Ionic liquids are also considered green solvents, since they have been successfully recycled at high yields for further use with limited efficiency loss. Also, a few microbial cellulases remain active at high ionic liquid concentration. However, all studies on the dissolution of wood in ionic liquids have been conducted so far at high temperatures, typically above 90 C. Development of alternative pretreatments at room temperature is desirable to eliminate the additional energy cost. In this study, thin sections of poplar wood were swollen at room temperature by a 3 h ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate or EMIMAc) pretreatment. The pretreated sample was then exposed to an aqueous suspension of nanoparticles that resulted in the sample contraction and the deposition of nanoparticles onto the surface and embedded into the cell wall. To date, both silver and gold particles ranging in size from 40-100 nm have been incorporated into wood. Penetration of gold nanoparticles of 100 nm diameter in the cell walls was best confirmed by near-infrared confocal Raman microscopy, since the deposition of gold nanoparticles induces a significant enhancement of the Raman signal from the wood in their close proximity, an enhancement attributed to the surface-enhanced Raman effect (SERS). After rinsing with water, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman images of the same areas show that most nanoparticles remained on the pretreated sample. Raman images at different depths reveal that a significant number of nanoparticles were incorporated into the wood sample, at depths up to 4 {micro}m, or 40 times the diameter of the nanoparticles. Control experiments on an untreated wood sample resulted in the deposition of nanoparticles only at the surface and most nanoparticles were removed upon rinsing. This particle incorporation process enables the development of new pretreatments, since the nanoparticles have a high surface-to-volume ratio and could be chemically functionalized. Other potential applications for the incorporated nanoparticles include isotope tracing, catalysis, imaging agents, drug-delivery systems, energy-storage devices, and chemical sensors.
Lucas, Marcel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Macdonald, Brian A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Wagner, Gregory L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Joyce, Steven A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rector, Kirk D [Los Alamos National Laboratory
WAIVER WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PATENT RIGHTS UNDER DOE CONTRACT NO. B29143; DOE WAIVER NO. W(A)-95-029 The Petitioner, Corning Incorporated, has requested an Advance Waiver of the Government's domestic and foreign rights to inventions made under the above cited research and development contract (R&D Contract). The objective of the R&D Contract issued by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) on behalf of DP-11 is to reduce the costs associated with the manufacturing of large size high quality fused silica transmissive optics utilized in advanced Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) laser systems. The present cost of laser optics used in the ICF laser system is between $1.7/cm 3 to $2.0/cm 3 . After completion of the R&D Contract, it is believed that a 50% reduction in cost for the
Incorporation of 4d and 5d Transition Metal Cyanometallates into Magnetic Clusters and Materials.
The work presented herein describes efforts to synthesize and characterize new types of cyanide-bridged molecular materials encompassing both discrete clusters and extended solids. This investigation focused on the incorporation of anisotropic 4d and 5d transition metal ion building blocks into such materials. In this vein, systematic studies on the magnetic properties of families of these cyano-bridges species were conducted and these new materials represent a new addition to the field of cyanide chemistry incorporating for the first time the hexacyanometallates of [Ru(CN)6]3- and [Os(CN)6]3- into discrete molecules and extended networks. These compounds will serve as models for new theoretical studies in understanding the role of magnetic exchange interactions, both isotropic and anisotropic, in the study of nanomagnetic materials. Results were obtained from using the well known octacyanometallates of MoV and WV as building blocks for the synthesis and the magnetic investigation of both trigonal bipyramidal and pentadecanuclear clusters including the discovery of a new SMM. By expanding the research to previously unused hexacyanometallates, the synthesis and characterization of the first known examples of clusters based on hexacyanoosmate(III) and hexacyanoruthenate(III) building blocks and their use in preparing new theoretical models of magnetic species. A novel pair of clusters is further detailed in the study of the trigonal bipyramidal clusters of [Fe(tmphen)2]3[Os(CN)6]2 and [Fe(tmphen)2]3[Ru(CN)6]2 and an in depth study of the CTIST behavior of these clusters using Mossbauer spectroscopy, variable temperature crystallography, epr, and variable temperature IR measurements. Finally, this work discusses new magnetic Prussian Blue analogs prepared from the hexacyanoosmate(III) and hexacyanoruthenate(III) anions with a comparison to the trigonal bipyramidal clusters presented based on these hexacyanoosmate(III) and hexacyanoruthenate(III) building blocks.
Hilfiger, Matthew Gary
Increasing jet entrainment, mixing and spreading
A free jet of air is disturbed at a frequency that substantially matches natural turbulences in the free jet to increase the entrainment, mixing, and spreading of air by the free jet, for example in a room or other enclosure. The disturbances are created by pulsing the flow of air that creates the free jet at the desired frequency. Such pulsing of the flow of air can be accomplished by sequentially occluding and opening a duct that confines and directs the flow of air, such as by rotating a disk on an axis transverse to the flow of air in the duct. 11 figs.
Farrington, R.B.
A free jet of air is disturbed at a frequency that substantially matches natural turbulences in the free jet to increase the entrainment, mixing, and spreading of air by the free jet, for example in a room or other enclosure. The disturbances are created by pulsing the flow of air that creates the free jet at the desired frequency. Such pulsing of the flow of air can be accomplished by sequentially occluding and opening a duct that confines and directs the flow of air, such as by rotating a disk on an axis transverse to the flow of air in the duct.
Farrington, Robert B. (Wheatridge, CO)
Increasing the Efficiency of Energy Scavengers
In this paper, a methodology for designing efficient energy scavengers is proposed. The scavenger consists of a cantilever beam on which piezoelectric films and a mass are mounted. The mass at the tip of the beam is known as the proof mass and the device is called either an energy scavenger or a beam-mass system. The proof mass is a permanent magnet, where in its vicinity attracting permanent magnets are placed. It is shown that when the magnets have appropriate strengths and are placed appropriately, the vibration of the beam-mass system can be amplified, thereby the scavenged energy is increased. Examples are given throughout the paper.
Shahram M. Shahruz
Environmental implications of increased biomass energy use
This study reviews the environmental implications of continued and increased use of biomass for energy to determine what concerns have been and need to be addressed and to establish some guidelines for developing future resources and technologies. Although renewable biomass energy is perceived as environmentally desirable compared with fossil fuels, the environmental impact of increased biomass use needs to be identified and recognized. Industries and utilities evaluating the potential to convert biomass to heat, electricity, and transportation fuels must consider whether the resource is reliable and abundant, and whether biomass production and conversion is environmentally preferred. A broad range of studies and events in the United States were reviewed to assess the inventory of forest, agricultural, and urban biomass fuels; characterize biomass fuel types, their occurrence, and their suitability; describe regulatory and environmental effects on the availability and use of biomass for energy; and identify areas for further study. The following sections address resource, environmental, and policy needs. Several specific actions are recommended for utilities, nonutility power generators, and public agencies.
Miles, T.R. Sr.; Miles, T.R. Jr. (Miles (Thomas R.), Portland, OR (United States))
Currently multi-tubular fixed bed reactors, fluidized bed reactors, and slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) are used in commercial Fischer Tropsch (FT) synthesis. There are a number of advantages of the SBCR compared to fixed and fluidized bed reactors. The main advantage of the SBCR is that temperature control and heat recovery are more easily achieved. The SBCR is a multiphase chemical reactor where a synthesis gas, comprised mainly of H2 and CO, is bubbled through a liquid hydrocarbon wax containing solid catalyst particles to produce specialty chemicals, lubricants, or fuels. The FT synthesis reaction is the polymerization of methylene groups [-(CH2)-] forming mainly linear alkanes and alkenes, ranging from methane to high molecular weight waxes. The Idaho National Laboratory is developing a computational multiphase fluid dynamics (CMFD) model of the FT process in a SBCR. This paper discusses the incorporation of absorption and reaction kinetics into the current hydrodynamic model. A phased approach for incorporation of the reaction kinetics into a CMFD model is presented here. Initially, a simple kinetic model is coupled to the hydrodynamic model, with increasing levels of complexity added in stages. The first phase of the model includes incorporation of the absorption of gas species from both large and small bubbles into the bulk liquid phase. The driving force for the gas across the gas liquid interface into the bulk liquid is dependent upon the interfacial gas concentration in both small and large bubbles. However, because it is difficult to measure the concentration at the gas-liquid interface, coefficients for convective mass transfer have been developed for the overall driving force between the bulk concentrations in the gas and liquid phases. It is assumed that there are no temperature effects from mass transfer of the gas phases to the bulk liquid phase, since there are only small amounts of dissolved gas in the liquid phase. The product from the incorporation of absorption is the steady state concentration profile of the absorbed gas species in the bulk liquid phase. The second phase of the model incorporates a simplified macrokinetic model to the mass balance equation in the CMFD code. Initially, the model assumes that the catalyst particles are sufficiently small such that external and internal mass and heat transfer are not rate limiting. The model is developed utilizing the macrokinetic rate expression developed by Yates and Satterfield (1991). Initially, the model assumes that the only species formed other than water in the FT reaction is C27H56. Change in moles of the reacting species and the resulting temperature of the catalyst and fluid phases is solved simultaneously. The macrokinetic model is solved in conjunction with the species transport equations in a separate module which is incorporated into the CMFD code.
Anastasia Gribik; Doona Guillen, PhD; Daniel Ginosar, PhD
Solar energy: some variables influencing increased utilization
The mid 1970s energy crisis encouraged the growth of alternative fuels. Through the late 1970s and 1980s, solar energy was the primary alternative fuel. Federal and state programs encouraged the growth of residential solar installations through the use of tax credits. This dissertation used data from the eleven western states to assess tax credits' influence on residential solar installations. A Spearman's r was used to evaluate the role of tax credits on the percent increase in solar systems from 1980 to 1984. The r/sub s/ was .93. The second portion of the analysis used contingency tables to see if variables other than tax credits influence solar installations; the results showed tax credits + solar radiation and fuel mix are the significant variables. The final chapter looks at municipal solar utilities, tax on excessive energy use, a public/private solar research lab, and building rating system as means to supplement solar energy tax credits.
Born, B.E.
Improvement to Chinese information retrieval by incorporating word segmentation and query expansion.
??The increasing diversity of the Internet has created a vast number of multilingual resources on the Web. A huge number of these documents are written� (more)
Li, Zhihan
Incorporating Equipment Condition Assessment in Risk Monitors for Advanced Small Modular Reactors
Advanced small modular reactors (aSMRs) can complement the current fleet of large light-water reactors in the USA for baseload and peak demand power production and process heat applications (e.g., water desalination, shale oil extraction, hydrogen production). The day-to-day costs of aSMRs are expected to be dominated by operations and maintenance (O&M); however, the effect of diverse operating missions and unit modularity on O&M is not fully understood. These costs could potentially be reduced by optimized scheduling, with risk-informed scheduling of maintenance, repair, and replacement of equipment. Currently, most nuclear power plants have a �living� probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), which reflects the as-operated, as-modified plant and combine event probabilities with population-based probability of failure (POF) for key components. �Risk monitors� extend the PRA by incorporating the actual and dynamic plant configuration (equipment availability, operating regime, environmental conditions, etc.) into risk assessment. In fact, PRAs are more integrated into plant management in today�s nuclear power plants than at any other time in the history of nuclear power. However, population-based POF curves are still used to populate fault trees; this approach neglects the time-varying condition of equipment that is relied on during standard and non-standard configurations. Equipment condition monitoring techniques can be used to estimate the component POF. Incorporating this unit-specific estimate of POF in the risk monitor can provide a more accurate estimate of risk in different operating and maintenance configurations. This enhanced risk assessment will be especially important for aSMRs that have advanced component designs, which don�t have an available operating history to draw from, and often use passive design features, which present challenges to PRA. This paper presents the requirements and technical gaps for developing a framework to integrate unit-specific estimates of POF into risk monitors, resulting in enhanced risk monitors that support optimized operation and maintenance of aSMRs.
Coble, Jamie B.; Coles, Garill A.; Meyer, Ryan M.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep
Incorporation of HPAC 5.0 Transport Phenomenology to RASCAL's Radiological Releases
The purpose of this paper is to describe the incorporation of DTRA's HPAC (Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability) code under the NRC's code RASCAL (Radiological Assessment System for Consequence AnaLysis). The current version of RASCAL (version 3.0.5) evaluates releases from: nuclear power plants, spent fuel storage pools and casks, fuel cycle facilities, and radioactive material handling facilities. It appears to be a single piece of software; however, it is a set of inter-linked modules. These elements include: (1) Source term: this module calculates a time-dependent source term, which for nuclear power plants, is composed of about 50 radionuclides including parents and daughters; (2) Meteorological data processor: this module interrupts weather observations and forecasts along with local topography to generate time-dependent wind fields used in the transport of the plume; (3) Atmospheric transport and diffusion: this module uses the wind fields with a two-dimensional Gaussian puff model to transport the plume downwind and to calculate concentrations of each radionuclide as a function of time and location; (4) Dose calculator: this module calculates various types of doses resulting from airborne releases (TEDE, thyroid, acute, etc.) to individuals at each location from three dose pathways--inhalation, cloudshine, and groundshine. It also calculates the longer-term intermediate phase doses from deposited radionuclides. The calculations are completely consistent with the EPA protective action guide manual and the methods adopted by the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC); (5) Display of results: this module allows the user to display a wide variety of calculated results as either a picture of the plume footprint on a map background for each of the result types or as numeric table; and (6) Uranium hexafluoride module: for uranium hexafluoride releases, RASCAL contains a heavy gas model to account for the exothermic reaction with air and gravitational slumping of the plume. In summary, the incorporation of HPAC transport methodology under RASCAL provides for a much more defined prediction of the dispersion of the radiological material as well as the latest dose conversion factors following a postulated accident.
Sanders, Robert Lon [ORNL
Incorporation of Integral Fuel Burnable Absorbers Boron and Gadolinium into Zirconium-Alloy Fuel Clad Material
Long-lived fuels require the use of higher enrichments of 235U or other fissile materials. Such high levels of fissile material lead to excessive fuel activity at the beginning of life. To counteract this excessive activity, integral fuel burnable absorbers (IFBA) are added to some rods in the fuel assembly. The two commonly used IFBA elements are gadolinium, which is added as gadolinium-oxide to the UO2 powder, and boron, which is applied as a zirconium-diboride coating on the UO2 pellets using plasma spraying or chemical vapor deposition techniques. The incorporation of IFBA into the fuel has to be performed in a nuclear-regulated facility that is physically separated from the main plant. These operations tend to be very costly because of their small volume and can add from 20 to 30% to the manufacturing cost of the fuel. Other manufacturing issues that impact cost and performance are maintaining the correct levels of dosing, the reduction in fuel melting point due to gadolinium-oxide additions, and parasitic neutron absorption at fuel's end-of-life. The goal of the proposed research is to develop an alternative approach that involves incorporation of boron or gadolinium into the outer surface of the fuel cladding material rather than as an additive to the fuel pellets. This paradigm shift will allow for the introduction of the IFBA in a non-nuclear regulated environment and will obviate the necessity of additional handling and processing of the fuel pellets. This could represent significant cost savings and potentially lead to greater reproducibility and control of the burnable fuel in the early stages of the reactor operation. The surface alloying is being performed using the IBEST (Ion Beam Surface Treatment) process developed at Sandia National Laboratories. IBEST involves the delivery of energetic ion beam pulses onto the surface of a material, near-surface melting, and rapid solidification. The non-equilibrium nature of such processing allows for surface alloying well in excess of the thermodynamically dictated solubility limits, an effect that is particularly relevant to this research due to the negligible solubility of boron and gadolinium in zirconium. University of Wisconsin is performing the near surface materials characterization and analysis, aiding Sandia in process optimization, and promoting educational activities. Westinghouse is performing process manufacturability and scale-up analysis and is performing autoclave testing of the surface treated samples. The duration of this NERI project is 2 years, from 9/2002 to 9/2004.
Sridharan, K.; Renk, T.J.; Lahoda, E.J.; Corradini, M.L
Increased Water Use Efficeincy Through Trickle Irrigation
The gap between supply and demand of water for agricultural and municipal uses is rapidly closing at a time when world food requirements are increasing at an alarming rate. To meet the demand for agricultural products, new lands must be brought into production or higher yields must be realized from existing lands. In either case, more efficient use of water is prerequisite. Trickle irrigation is an approach to obtain increased water use efficiencies (ratio of weight of grain harvested to weight of total crop water use) and therefore a way to increase food production with our limited water resources. The ultimate goal of this investigation was the development of required crop inputs for selected crops to optimize the design of trickle irrigation systems and obtain an optimum water balance for living plants. Specific objectives were as follows: 1. To quantitatively determine optimum irrigation timing and necessary water application amounts for selected crops when using trickle irrigation; and 2. To develop a general method for the hydraulic design of trickle irrigation systems using inputs from the first objective for optimizing the system. To achieve these objectives, experiments were conducted in field lysimeters and in a well-instrumented field plot installation for evaluating the crop inputs. Complete control of the soil water balance can be achieved by the use of these facilities. By knowing the required crop inputs and utilizing known principles of fluid mechanics proper design procedures were developed to provide optimum design for trickle irrigation systems. To achieve the first objective, three research experiments were conducted at the research lysimeters of the Department of Agricultural Engineering at Texas A&M University for which grain sorghum was selected as the experimental crop. The first two experiments were designed to study the response of grain sorghum to trickle and subsurface irrigation. A comparison of water use efficiencies under well-watered conditions using both intensified and conventional water application methods and the evaluation of water use efficiencies with trickle irrigation applications designed to limit the availability of water were the specific objectives. The results indicated higher water use efficiencies and better crop response when the trickle method of application was used. Also, the results showed that higher water use efficiencies can be obtained by applying sparing amounts. An additional investigation carried out under a different research project of the Texas Water Resources Institute (TWRI Project No. A024TEX) was designed to develop a computer model to simulate grain sorghum yield and water use under high frequency irrigation. The simulation methods used in this study can be used to simulate a complete irrigation experiment greatly reducing research costs and allowing the determination of water requirements for many crops under many different soil and climatic conditions. The objective of the third research experiment conducted in 1974 was to determine if different irrigation frequencies would influence the growth and water use efficiency of grain sorghum when irrigated at optimum levels. Results indicated that frequency of application had no significant effect on the water use efficiency of grain sorghum for irrigation intervals up to 7 days. To attain the second goal of this investigation two trickle irrigation lateral design methods were developed. With the first method the pressure loss and emitter flow ratio for trickle irrigation laterals can be determined. The design method is based upon known principles of fluid mechanics. A computer program was written to determine the lateral pressure loss and emitter flow ratio at a given design length as function of pipe size, tree spacing, number of emitters per tree, emitter spacing, downstream lateral pressure and lateral slope. For a given set of design inputs, the program can be used to determine if the given pipe size will be adequate to li
Hiler, E. A.
Coal liquefaction process with increased naphtha yields
An improved process for liquefying solid carbonaceous materials wherein the solid carbonaceous material is slurried with a suitable solvent and then subjected to liquefaction at elevated temperature and pressure to produce a normally gaseous product, a normally liquid product and a normally solid product. The normally liquid product is further separated into a naphtha boiling range product, a solvent boiling range product and a vacuum gas-oil boiling range product. At least a portion of the solvent boiling-range product and the vacuum gas-oil boiling range product are then combined and passed to a hydrotreater where the mixture is hydrotreated at relatively severe hydrotreating conditions and the liquid product from the hydrotreater then passed to a catalytic cracker. In the catalytic cracker, the hydrotreater effluent is converted partially to a naphtha boiling range product and to a solvent boiling range product. The naphtha boiling range product is added to the naphtha boiling range product from coal liquefaction to thereby significantly increase the production of naphtha boiling range materials. At least a portion of the solvent boiling range product, on the other hand, is separately hydrogenated and used as solvent for the liquefaction. Use of this material as at least a portion of the solvent significantly reduces the amount of saturated materials in said solvent.
Ryan, Daniel F. (Friendswood, TX)
Thailand gas prospects continue to increase
This article describes Thailand's gas surplus that is occurring after years of energy importation. Between 1975 and 1983, energy consumption increased by 76.8%. At the end of 1983, petroleum accounted for 64% of all energy consumed. Demand was met in part by awarding 96,500 sq. miles offshore for petroleum exploration. As a result, Union Oil Thailand is preparing to produce 500 MMcfgd by the end of the year. Thai officials question whether the country can absorb that much gas. Local demand is expected to rise to over 700 MMcfd by 1990. The way to the development of even more offshore gas was opened when Thailand and Malaysia ended a five year dispute and decided to develop an area claimed by both countries together. The disputed area is thought to contain 14 tcfg, about as much as has been found by Union Oil and Texas Pacific so far. The article discusses other companies that have joined the offshore search as well.
Yankee links computing needs, increases productivity
Yankee Atomic Electric Company provides design and consultation services to electric utility companies that operate nuclear power plants. This means bringing together the skills and talents of more than 500 people in many disciplines, including computer-aided design, human resources, financial services, and nuclear engineering. The company was facing a problem familiar to many companies in the nuclear industry.Key corporate data and applications resided on UNIX or other types of computer systems, but most users at Yankee had personal computers on their desks. How could Yankee enable the PC users to share the data, applications, and resources of the larger computing environment such as UNIX, while ensuring they could still use their favorite PC applications? The solution was PC-NFS from Sunsoft, of Chelmsford, Mass., which links PCs to UNIX and other systems. The Yankee computing story is an example of computer downsizing-the trend of moving away from mainframe computers in favor of lower-cost, more flexible client/server computing. Today, Yankee Atomic has more than 350 PCs on desktops throughout the company, using PC-NFS, which enables them t;o use the data, applications, disks, and printers of the FUNIX server systems. This new client/server environment has reduced Yankee`s computing costs while increasing its computing power and its ability to respond to customers.
Backsurging perforations can increase production rates
Subjecting formations to a large pressure differential or underbalance is a common means of surging perforations to remove damage and increase flow from oil and gas wells. Underbalanced perforating, a standard industry completion technique, is normally used to obtain the pressure differentials intended to dislodge debris from perforations and flush the surrounding compacted zone. Gradually applied pressure underbalance can be achieved by swabbing or jetting to reduce hydrostatic head. Suddenly applied underbalance is achieved by evacuating the tubing in conjunction with a rupture disc, tubing-conveyed perforating systems or by using a new wireline-set, through-tubing backsurge tool. These techniques, except for the through-tubing method, are often utilized only during later workovers due to the expense and difficulty of achieving an adequate underbalance. Many operators prefer to perforate in balanced or overbalanced pressures conditions. This typically leaves perforations completely or partially plugged with gun debris, mud solids and shattered formation material that has been recompacted. Production logging shows that wells often produce from only 10 to 20% of the total interval apparently because of ineffective, plugged perforations.
Brieger, E.F.
Properties of concrete incorporating high volumes of ASTM Class F fly ash
This thesis presents the results of research performed in developing high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete incorporating ASTM Type I cement and ASTM Class F fly ash from Big Brown Power Plant of TU Electric, Texas. In HVFA concrete, the proportion of fly ash was 58 percent by weight of the total cementitious materials, the water and cement content were kept low at 115 and 155 k g/M3 , respectively. A broad range of engineering properties was investigated including compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting-tensile strength, Young's modulus of elasticity, drying shrinkage, resistance to freeze-thaw cycling, pore structure and activation energy. A preliminary economic analysis was also performed on HVFA concrete. The HVFA concrete evaluated in this study had satisfactory workability and setting characteristics. It also exhibited excellent mechanical properties with satisfactory early age strength and good long-term strength development. The HVFA concrete had relatively low drying shrinkage and a very fine pore system. Excellent durability under freeze-thaw cycling was also found for the air-entrained HVFA concrete. Results from activation energy test show that strength gain of the HVFA concrete under isothermal curing conditions could be modeled appropriately using Plowman's logarithmic strength-age model. The relative strength-maturity relationship was established for the HVFA concrete containing various percentages of additional gypsum. The HVFA concrete investigated was determined to be cost effective. It was shown that about two and half dollars per cubic meter could be saved through savings on portland cement.
Li, Wei Tung
Stability of uranium incorporated into Fe(hydr)oxides under fluctuating redox conditions
Reaction pathways resulting in uranium bearing solids that are stable (i.e., having limited solubility) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions will limit dissolved concentrations and migration of this toxin. Here we examine the sorption mechanism and propensity for release of uranium reacted with Fe (hydr)oxides under cyclic oxidizing and reducing conditions. Upon reaction of ferrihydrite with Fe(II) under conditions where aqueous Ca-UO{sub 2}-CO{sub 3} species predominate (3 mM Ca and 3.8 mM CO{sub 3}-total), dissolved uranium concentrations decrease from 0.16 mM to below detection limit (BDL) after 5 to 15 d, depending on the Fe(II) concentration. In systems undergoing 3 successive redox cycles (15 d of reduction followed by 5 d of oxidation) and a pulsed decrease to 0.15 mM CO{sub 3}-total, dissolved uranium concentrations varied depending on the Fe(II) concentration during the initial and subsequent reduction phases - U concentrations resulting during the oxic 'rebound' varied inversely with the Fe(II) concentration during the reduction cycle. Uranium removed from solution remains in the oxidized form and is found both adsorbed on and incorporated into the structure of newly formed goethite and magnetite. Our 15 results reveal that the fate of uranium is dependent on anaerobic/aerobic conditions, aqueous uranium speciation, and the fate of iron.
Stewart, B.D.; Nico, P.S.; Fendorf, S.
Incorporating qualitative objectives in integrated resource planning: Application of analytic hierarchy process and compromise programming
This article proposes a multiobjective methodology for the integrated resource planning (IRP) problem using a combined analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-compromise programming (CP) model. Six objectives, of which five are qualitative in nature, have been considered to select demand and supply-side resources for meeting future electricity demand. The quantitative objective (viz., cost) is employed directly in the CP model. AHP priorities are derived for the qualitative objectives (e.g., technological maturity) after eliciting expert judgments. These priorities are employed as coefficients of the decision variables in the objective functions corresponding to the qualitative objectives of the model. The two distinct advantages of this method are (1) explicit consideration of all important qualitative and quantitative aspects of demand-side management (DSM) and supply-side options, and (2) consideration of specific characteristics of various types of DSM options. An illustrative application is provided for an Indian utility (Maharashtra State Electricity System) for its integrated resource plan for the period 1990--2000. The results show that the AHP-CP model incorporating qualitative objectives selects a different portfolio of DSM and supply options, as compared with single-criterion solutions. Compromise among the conflicting objectives leads to significant cost savings as well as qualitative benefits like improved system reliability, reduced environmental impact, fewer problems related to fuel supply, and shorter project installation times.
Koundinya, S.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Ramanathan, R. [Indira Gandhi Inst. of Development Research, Bombay (India)
Stochastic modelling of landfill leachate and biogas production incorporating waste heterogeneity. Model formulation and uncertainty analysis
A mathematical model simulating the hydrological and biochemical processes occurring in landfilled waste is presented and demonstrated. The model combines biochemical and hydrological models into an integrated representation of the landfill environment. Waste decomposition is modelled using traditional biochemical waste decomposition pathways combined with a simplified methodology for representing the rate of decomposition. Water flow through the waste is represented using a statistical velocity model capable of representing the effects of waste heterogeneity on leachate flow through the waste. Given the limitations in data capture from landfill sites, significant emphasis is placed on improving parameter identification and reducing parameter requirements. A sensitivity analysis is performed, highlighting the model's response to changes in input variables. A model test run is also presented, demonstrating the model capabilities. A parameter perturbation model sensitivity analysis was also performed. This has been able to show that although the model is sensitive to certain key parameters, its overall intuitive response provides a good basis for making reasonable predictions of the future state of the landfill system. Finally, due to the high uncertainty associated with landfill data, a tool for handling input data uncertainty is incorporated in the model's structure. It is concluded that the model can be used as a reasonable tool for modelling landfill processes and that further work should be undertaken to assess the model's performance.
Zacharof, A.I.; Butler, A.P
Four series of glass compositions were selected, fabricated, and characterized as part of a study to determine the impacts of the addition of Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) and Monosodium Titanate (MST) from the Small Column Ion Exchange (SCIX) process on the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) glass waste form and the applicability of the DWPF process control models. All of the glasses studied were considerably more durable than the benchmark Environmental Assessment (EA) glass. The measured Product Consistency Test (PCT) responses were compared with the predicted values from the current DWPF durability model. One of the KT01-series and two of the KT03-series glasses had measured PCT responses that were outside the lower bound of the durability model. All of the KT04 glasses had durabilities that were predictable regardless of heat treatment or compositional view. In general, the measured viscosity values of the KT01, KT03, and KT04-series glasses are well predicted by the current DWPF viscosity model. The results of liquidus temperature (T{sub L}) measurements for the KT01-series glasses were mixed with regard to the predictability of the T{sub L} for each glass. All of the measured T{sub L} values were higher than the model predicted values, although most fell within the 95% confidence intervals. Overall, the results of this study show a reasonable ability to incorporate the anticipated SCIX streams into DWPF-type glass compositions with TiO{sub 2} concentrations of 4-5 wt % in glass.
Fox, K.; Johnson, F.; Edwards, T.
Incorporating Wind Generation Forecast Uncertainty into Power System Operation, Dispatch, and Unit Commitment Procedures
In this paper, an approach to evaluate the uncertainties of the balancing capacity, ramping capability, and ramp duration requirements is proposed. The approach includes three steps: forecast data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of grid balancing requirements for a specified time horizon and a given confidence level. Assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on histogram analysis, incorporating sources of uncertainty of both continuous (wind and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and start-up failures) nature. A new method called the "flying-brick" technique is developed to evaluate the look-ahead required generation performance envelope for the worst case scenario within a user-specified confidence level. A self-validation process is used to validate the accuracy of the confidence intervals. To demonstrate the validity of the developed uncertainty assessment methods and its impact on grid operation, a framework for integrating the proposed methods with an EMS system is developed. Demonstration through integration with an EMS system illustrates the applicability of the proposed methodology and the developed tool for actual grid operation and paves the road for integration with EMS systems from other vendors.
Makarov, Yuri V.; Etingov, Pavel V.; Huang, Zhenyu; Ma, Jian; Subbarao, Krishnappa
Incorporating Uncertainty of Wind Power Generation Forecast into Power System Operation, Dispatch, and Unit Commitment Procedures
An approach to evaluate the uncertainties of the balancing capacity, ramping capability, and ramp duration requirements is proposed. The approach includes three steps: forecast data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of grid balancing requirements for a specified time horizon and a given confidence level. An assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on histogram analysis, incorporating sources of uncertainty - both continuous (wind and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and start-up failures). A new method called the 'flying-brick' technique is developed to evaluate the look-ahead required generation performance envelope for the worst case scenario within a user-specified confidence level. A self-validation process is used to validate the accuracy of the confidence intervals. To demonstrate the validity of the developed uncertainty assessment methods and its impact on grid operation, a framework for integrating the proposed methods with an EMS system is developed. Demonstration through EMS integration illustrates the applicability of the proposed methodology and the developed tool for actual grid operation and paves the road for integration with EMS systems in control rooms.
Makarov, Yuri V.; Etingov, Pavel V.; Ma, Jian; Huang, Zhenyu; Subbarao, Krishnappa
Incorporation of oxidized uranium into Fe (hydr)oxides during Fe(II) catalyzed remineralization
The form of solid phase U after Fe(II) induced anaerobic remineralization of ferrihydrite in the presence of aqueous and absorbed U(VI) was investigated under both abiotic batch and biotic flow conditions. Experiments were conducted with synthetic ground waters containing 0.168 mM U(VI), 3.8 mM carbonate, and 3.0 mM Ca{sup 2+}. In spite of the high solubility of U(VI) under these conditions, appreciable removal of U(VI) from solution was observed in both the abiotic and biotic systems. The majority of the removed U was determined to be substituted as oxidized U (U(VI) or U(V)) into the octahedral position of the goethite and magnetite formed during ferrihydrite remineralization. It is estimated that between 3% and 6% of octahedral Fe(III) centers in the new Fe minerals were occupied by U(VI). This site specific substitution is distinct from the non-specific U co-precipitation processes in which uranyl compounds, e.g. uranyl hydroxide or carbonate, are entrapped with newly formed Fe oxides. The prevalence of site specific U incorporation under both abiotic and biotic conditions and the fact that the produced solids were shown to be resistant to both extraction (30 mM KHCO{sub 3}) and oxidation (air for 5 days) suggest the potential importance of sequestration in Fe oxides as a stable and immobile form of U in the environment.
Nico, Peter S.; Stewart, Brandy D.; Fendorf, Scott
Quantum mechanical analogue of the zeroth law of thermodynamics. (On the problem of incorporating Thermodynamics into Quantum Theory)
This approach to the incorporation of stochastic thermodynamics into quantum theory is based on the conception of consistent inclusion of the holistic stochastic environmental influence described by wave functions of the arbitrary vacuum, which was proposed in our paper previously. In this study, we implement the possibility of explicitly incorporating the zeroth law of stochastic thermodynamics in the form of the saturated Schr\\"odinger uncertainty relation into quantum theory. This allows comparatively analyzing the sets of states of arbitrary vacuums, namely, squeezed coherent states (SCSs) and correlated coherent states (CCSs). In addition, we compare the results of the construction of stochastic thermodynamics using SCSs and TCCSs with the versions involving the incorporation of thermodynamics into quantum theory developed previously and based on thermofield dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics.
O. N. Golubjeva; A. D. Sukhanov
Increased radiation dose at mammography due to prolonged exposure, delayed processing, and increased film darkening
Four single-emulsion films introduced over the past 2 years--Du Pont Microvision, Fuji MiMa, Konica CM, and Eastman Kodak OM--were compared with Eastman Kodak OM SO-177 (Min-RE) film to evaluate their varying effects on mean glandular dose of reciprocity law failure due to prolonged exposure, delayed processing, and increased film darkening as a result of increased radiation exposure to improve penetration of glandular tissue. Exposures over 1.3 seconds led to increased radiation doses of 20%-30%. Delays in processing of 6 hours decreased processing speed by 11%-32% for all films except Du Pont Microvision. Optical density increases of 0.40 required 20%-30% more skin exposure for all five films. Optimal viewing densities were also evaluated and found to be different for each of the five films. Mammographers need to be aware of these differences in mammographic films to achieve maximum contrast at mammography.
Kimme-Smith, C.; Bassett, L.W.; Gold, R.H.; Chow, S. (UCLA Medical Center (USA))
Clustering incorporating shortest paths identifies relevant modules in functional interaction networks
Many biological systems can be modeled as networks. Hence, network analysis is of increasing importance to systems biology. We describe an evolutionary algorithm for selecting clusters of nodes within a large network based upon network topology together ...
Jennifer Hallinan; Matthew Pocock; Stephen Addinall; David A. Lydall; Anil Wipat
Nitrogen-incorporation induced changes in the microstructure of nanocrystalline WO3 thin films
Nitrogen doped tungsten oxide (WO3) films were grown by reactive magnetron sputter-deposition by varying the nitrogen content in the reactive gas mixture keeping the deposition temperature fixed at 400 C. The crystal structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and electrical resistivity of nitrogen doped WO3 films were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical conductivity measurements. The results indicate that the nitrogen-doping induced changes in the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3 films are significant. XRD measurements coupled with SEM analysis indicates that the increasing nitrogen content decreases the grain size and crystal quality. The nitrogen concentration increases from 0 at.% to 1.35 at.% with increasing nitrogen flow rate from 0 to 20 sccm. The corresponding dc electrical conductivity of the films had shown a decreasing trend with increasing nitrogen content.
Vemuri, Venkata Rama Sesha R.; Noor-A-Alam, M.; Gullapalli, Satya K.; Engelhard, Mark H.; Ramana, C.V.
Incorporating Variable Generation and Controllable Loads into Risk-Based Transmission Planning
As the penetration and size of renewable generation resources increase, transmission infrastructure must be expanded to accommodate increasing renewable resource output. Conventional transmission expansion planning requires sufficient transmission capacities to transfer the full name-plate capacity of all power plants at the same time to load centers. However, renewable resources, such as wind and solar, have highly variable output and are spatially diversified. Thus, transmission expansion planning with...
Incorporating Active-learning into a Web-based Ethics Course
This report explores the development of interactive, web-based activities in a Computer Science course for majors that meets the requirements of the Computer Science Accreditation Commission (CSAC) for a course in computer ethics and social impact. Starting from a project to develop a digital library to support a longstanding course in "Professionalism in Computing", this web-based version has steadily evolved into a modular resource that permits teachers at other institutions to construct their own versions of an ethics and social impact course. For the past two years the passive nature of the digital library approach has been revised to incorporate active-learning concepts. While maintaining the belief that the teaching of ethics and social impact still requires some classroom interaction between participants and collaborative development activities, each topical module has been augmented by on-line active-learning plans that involve pre-class, in-class, and post-class projects. The preclass activities allow participants to gain a basic understanding of the topic prior to the class, to review assigned readings from the library, to surf the web for additional resources, and possibly to participate in an opinion survey that can be used as the basis for an in-class discussion. Post-class projects involve the application of learned concepts to the lives of the participants and the institution. An on-line debate system that emulates an "Oxford Union" style debate, forcing participants to clearly take pro or con positions on arguments, is an integral part of the course, though also available as an independent module. Used asynchronously, the debate system gives the opportunity for discussions to extend beyond the time limit of a class period, can involve several sections of...
John A. N. Lee
Incorporating supercritical steam turbines into molten-salt power tower plants : feasibility and performance.
Sandia National Laboratories and Siemens Energy, Inc., examined 14 different subcritical and supercritical steam cycles to determine if it is feasible to configure a molten-salt supercritical steam plant that has a capacity in the range of 150 to 200 MWe. The effects of main steam pressure and temperature, final feedwater temperature, and hot salt and cold salt return temperatures were determined on gross and half-net efficiencies. The main steam pressures ranged from 120 bar-a (subcritical) to 260 bar-a (supercritical). Hot salt temperatures of 566 and 600%C2%B0C were evaluated, which resulted in main steam temperatures of 553 and 580%C2%B0C, respectively. Also, the effects of final feedwater temperature (between 260 and 320%C2%B0C) were evaluated, which impacted the cold salt return temperature. The annual energy production and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) were calculated using the System Advisory Model on 165 MWe subcritical plants (baseline and advanced) and the most promising supercritical plants. It was concluded that the supercritical steam plants produced more annual energy than the baseline subcritical steam plant for the same-size heliostat field, receiver, and thermal storage system. Two supercritical steam plants had the highest annual performance and had nearly the same LCOE. Both operated at 230 bar-a main steam pressure. One was designed for a hot salt temperature of 600%C2%B0C and the other 565%C2%B0C. The LCOEs for these plants were about 10% lower than the baseline subcritical plant operating at 120 bar-a main steam pressure and a hot salt temperature of 565%C2%B0C. Based on the results of this study, it appears economically and technically feasible to incorporate supercritical steam turbines in molten-salt power tower plants.
Pacheco, James Edward; Wolf, Thorsten [Siemens Energy, Inc., Orlando, FL; Muley, Nishant [Siemens Energy, Inc., Orlando, FL
Incorporating uncertainties into risk assessment with an application to the exploratory studies facilities at Yucca Mountain
A methodology that incorporates variability and reducible sources of uncertainty into the probabilistic and consequence components of risk was developed. The method was applied to the north tunnel of the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. In this assessment, variability and reducible sources of uncertainty were characterized and propagated through the risk assessment models using a Monte Carlo based software package. The results were then manipulated into risk curves at the 5% and 95% confidence levels for both the variability and overall uncertainty analyses, thus distinguishing between variability and reducible sources of uncertainty. In the Yucca Mountain application, the designation of the north tunnel as an item important to public safety, as defined by 10 CFR 60, was determined. Specifically, the annual frequency of a rock fall breaching a waste package causing an off-site dose of 500 mrem (5x10{sup -3} Sv) was calculated. The annual frequency, taking variability into account, ranged from 1.9x10{sup -9} per year at the 5% confidence level to 2.5x10{sup -9} per year at the 95% confidence level. The frequency range after including all uncertainty was 9.5x10{sup -10} to 1.8x10{sup -8} per year. The maximum observable frequency, at the 100% confidence level, was 4.9x10{sup -8} per year. This is below the 10{sup -6} per year frequency criteria of 10 CFR 60. Therefore, based on this work, the north tunnel does not fall under the items important to public safety designation for the event studied.
Fathauer, P.M.
Issues and methods in incorporating environmental externalities into the integrated resource planning process
This report is a review of current practices and policies in considering environmental externalities in the integrated resource planning and performance based regulation (IRP/PBR) process. The following issues are presented and examined: What are the pros and cons of treating environmental externalities in the IRP process? How are potential future environmental regulations being treated? Are externalities being qualitatively or quantitatively considered, or monetized? Are offsets being allowed? How are externality policies being coordinated among different levels and branches of governments? Should environmental externalities be considered in dispatching a utility`s existing resources? What are the procedures for addressing uncertainty in incorporating environmental externalities into IRP? How are externalities valued? What are other approaches to addressing environmental externalities. This report describes seven major approaches for addressing environmental externalities in the IRP process: qualitative treatment, weighting and ranking, cost of control, damage function, percentage adders, monetization by emission, and multiattribute trade-off analysis. The discussion includes a taxonomy of the full range of alternative methods for addressing environmental externalities, a summary of state PUC actions, the role of state laws, the debate on environmental adders, and the choice of methodologies. In addition, this report characterizes the interests of stakeholders such as the electric industry, fuel suppliers, energy consumers, governmental agencies, public interest groups, consultants, and others. It appears that the views, positions, and interests of these stakeholders are affected by their perceptions of the potential impacts on their economic interests or the viability of their position on environmental policy, by the societal perspective they take, and by the orientation of the analysts toward market competition and their respective accumulated expertise.
Fang, J.M.; Galen, P.S.
Algorithms for Incorporation of Dynamic Recovery in Estimating Frequency of Critical Station Blackout
This thesis involves exploring enhancement of estimating the probability of a critical station blackout in nuclear power plant operations by the use of direct numerical evaluation of multidimensional nonrecovery integrals. This requires development of computational methods with data provided from South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company (STPNOC). Several methods that are currently used in the industry to estimate such probabilities often overestimate the value substantially. The computational integral method developed in the thesis will reduce excess conservatism while maintaining plant safety standards. This computational integral is calculated using a MATLAB research code referred to generally as "STP-TAMIL" which is for South Texas Project --Texas A&M Improved LOOP. The code itself (along with the user manual) was developed in conjunction with this Thesis. STP-TAMIL is successful in reducing the estimated probability of critical station blackout by a significant amount (about 88.47 percent ) with the incorporation of recovery of offsite and onsite power for South Texas Project? s nuclear plants, and results were verified. This thesis also describes an asymptotic justification for to the non-recovery integral used. Applications to the industry, or STPNOC, which will use the "TAMIL" code are addressed. Some assumptions used throughout the problem suggest that if more dynamic rates or distributions are used then more recovery can be obtained, which will decrease the probability of critical station blackout. Methodology developed in this thesis will be used in future work to develop this STP-TAMIL research code into a model used industry wide in commercial nuclear power plants.
Rodi, Paul J.
Abstract--An optimization model that incorporates demand in the paradigm of smart grids and distributed generation is
, Maximum expected demand in the optimization period Cost associated to energy generated by demand from1 Abstract--An optimization model that incorporates demand in the paradigm of smart grids and distributed generation is formulated. The objective is to transform the demand into an active agent that helps
1 to be published in Wind Energy Many engineering systems incorporate prognostics and health management (PHM), which consists of technologies
1 to be published in Wind Energy ABSTRACT Many engineering systems incorporate prognostics exist for wind energy systems, they do not specifically quantify the value of decisions after: firstname.lastname@example.com. 1. INTRODUCTION Wind energy is at the forefront of alternative energy sources. The US
Sandborn, Peter
Studies of pure and nitrogen-incorporated hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films and their possible application for amorphous silicon solar cells
Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) and nitrogen-incorporated a-C:H (a-C:N:H) thin films were deposited using radio frequency-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique and studied for their electrical, optical, and nano-mechanical properties. Introduction of nitrogen and increase of self bias enhanced the conductivity of a-C:H and a-C:N:H films, whereas current-voltage measurement reveals heterojunction formation due to their rectifying behavior. The bandgap of these films was changed over wide range from 1.9 eV to 3.45 eV by varying self bias and the nitrogen incorporation. Further, activation energy was correlated with the electronic structure of a-C:H and a-C:N:H films, and conductivity was discussed as a function of bandgap. Moreover, a-C:N:H films exhibited high hardness and elastic modulus, with maximum values as 42 GPa and 430 GPa, respectively, at -100 V. Observed fascinating electrical, optical, and nano-mechanical properties made it a material of great utility in the development of optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells. In addition, we also performed simulation study for an a-Si:H solar cell, considering a-C:H and C:N:H as window layers, and compared their performance with the a-Si:H solar cell having a-SiC:H as window layer. We also proposed several structures for the development of a near full-spectrum solar cell. Moreover, due to high hardness, a-C:N:H films can be used as a protective and encapsulate layer on solar cells, especially in n-i-p configuration on metal substrate. Nevertheless, a-C:H and a-C:N:H as a window layer can avoid the use of additional hard and protective coating and, hence, minimize the cost of the product.
Dwivedi, Neeraj [Physics of Energy Harvesting Division, National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012 (India); Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016 (India); Kumar, Sushil [Physics of Energy Harvesting Division, National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012 (India); Malik, Hitendra K. [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016 (India)
Impact evaluation of an Energy $avings Plan project at Holnam Incorporated
This impact evaluation of four energy conservation measures (ECMs) that were recently installed at Holnam Incorporated (Holnam) was conducted for the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville) as part of an evaluation of its Energy $avings Plan (E$P) Program. The Program makes acquisition payments to firms that install energy conservation measures in their industrial processes. The objective of this impact evaluation was to assess how much electrical energy is being saved at Holnam as a result of the E$P and to determine how much the savings cost Bonneville and the region. The impact of the ECMs was evaluated with a combination of engineering analysis, financial analysis, site visit and interview, and review of previous program submittals (Holnam`s Proposals and Completion Reports). The four ECMs were all electronic power control devices that replaced less efficient technologies for controlling power to the kiln drive motors, cooler grate drive motors, cooler fan motors, and kiln stack gas precipitators. Energy savings from this project are expected to be 1,782,000 kWh/yr or 0.20 average megawatts. On a unit production basis, this project will save 3.4 kWh/ton of cement, based on Holnam`s projected average annual future production rate. The four ECMs cost a total of $248,232 to install, and Holnam received payment of $115,615 from Bonneville for the acquisition of energy savings. Program administrative costs incurred by Bonneville, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), and Seattle City Light (SCL) were estimated to be $29,362. The real levelized cost (1992 $) of these energy savings to Bonneville will be 6.2 mills/kWh over the project`s expected 15-year life, and the real levelized cost (1992 $) to the region will be 14.1 mills/kWh. Based on expected ECM installation costs and energy savings benefits alone, none of the four ECMs would have been implemented by Holnam without the E$P acquisition payment.
Brown, D.R.; Spanner, G.E.
This impact evaluation of four energy conservation measures (ECMs) that were recently installed at Holnam Incorporated (Holnam) was conducted for the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville) as part of an evaluation of its Energy $avings Plan (E$P) Program. The Program makes acquisition payments to firms that install energy conservation measures in their industrial processes. The objective of this impact evaluation was to assess how much electrical energy is being saved at Holnam as a result of the E$P and to determine how much the savings cost Bonneville and the region. The impact of the ECMs was evaluated with a combination of engineering analysis, financial analysis, site visit and interview, and review of previous program submittals (Holnam's Proposals and Completion Reports). The four ECMs were all electronic power control devices that replaced less efficient technologies for controlling power to the kiln drive motors, cooler grate drive motors, cooler fan motors, and kiln stack gas precipitators. Energy savings from this project are expected to be 1,782,000 kWh/yr or 0.20 average megawatts. On a unit production basis, this project will save 3.4 kWh/ton of cement, based on Holnam's projected average annual future production rate. The four ECMs cost a total of $248,232 to install, and Holnam received payment of $115,615 from Bonneville for the acquisition of energy savings. Program administrative costs incurred by Bonneville, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), and Seattle City Light (SCL) were estimated to be $29,362. The real levelized cost (1992 $) of these energy savings to Bonneville will be 6.2 mills/kWh over the project's expected 15-year life, and the real levelized cost (1992 $) to the region will be 14.1 mills/kWh. Based on expected ECM installation costs and energy savings benefits alone, none of the four ECMs would have been implemented by Holnam without the E$P acquisition payment.
Incorporating energy efficient data structures into modular software implementations for internet-based embedded systems
In current day software design of Internet applications, a lot of attention is paid to the reusability and extensibility of the design. However, due to an increased participation of embedded, hand-held devices in Internet activity, migrating code on ... Keywords: energy consumption, on-chip memory footprint, partitioned data structure
E. G. Daylight; T. Fermentel; C. Ykman-Couvreur; F. Catthoor
The generic genetic algorithm incorporates with rough set theory - An application of the web services composition
Evolutionary computing (EC) techniques have been used traditionally used for solving challenging optimization problems. But the increase in data and information has reduced the performance capacity of the GA, but highlighted the cost of finding a solution ... Keywords: Generic, Genetic algorithm, Rough set, Web services, Web services composition
Wen-Yau Liang; Chun-Che Huang
Incorporating household structure into a discrete-event simulation model of tuberculosis and HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risks of developing tuberculosis (TB) disease following infection, and speeds up disease progression. This has had a devastating effect on TB epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa, where incidence rates have ... Keywords: Disease modeling, HIV, developing countries, health, simulation, tuberculosis
Georgina R. Mellor; Christine S. M. Currie; Elizabeth L. Corbett
Increasing Confidence of LC-MS Identifications by Utilizing Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Ion mobility spectrometry in conjunction with liquid chromatography separations and mass spectrometry offers a range of new possibilities for analyzing complex biological samples. To fully utilize the information obtained from these three measurement dimensions, informatics tools based on the accurate mass and time tag methodology were modified to incorporate ion mobility spectrometry drift times for peptides observed in human serum. A reference human serum database was created using 12,139 peptides, tracking the monoisotopic mass, liquid chromatography normalized elution time, and ion mobility spectrometry drift time(s) for each peptide. We demonstrate that the use of three dimensions for peak matching during the peptide identification process resulted in increased numbers of identifications and lower false discovery rates relative to the use of only the mass and normalized elution time dimensions.
Crowell, Kevin L.; Baker, Erin Shammel; Payne, Samuel H.; Ibrahim, Yehia M.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Slysz, Gordon W.; Lamarche, Brian L.; Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Piehowski, Paul D.; Danielson, William F.; Anderson, Gordon A.; Smith, Richard D.
Attitudes of Texas agrilife extension 4-H agents on incorporating science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) in 4-H youth development.
??The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of Texas Agrilife Extension county 4-H agents on incorporating science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM)� (more)
[No author
Structural and optical studies of nitrogen incorporation into GaSb-based GaInSb quantum wells
We investigate the incorporation of nitrogen into (Ga,In)Sb grown on GaSb and report room temperature photoluminescence from GaInSb(N) quantum wells. X-ray diffraction and channeling nuclear reaction analysis, together with Rutherford backscattering, were employed to identify the optimal molecular beam epitaxial growth conditions that minimized the incorporation of non-substitutional nitrogen into GaNSb. Consistent with this hypothesis, GaInSb(N) quantum wells grown under the conditions that minimized non-substitutional nitrogen exhibited room temperature photoluminescence, indicative of significantly improved radiative efficiency. Further development of this material system could enable type-I laser diodes emitting throughout the (3-5 {mu}m) wavelength range.
Nair, Hari P.; Crook, Adam M.; Bank, Seth R. [Microelectronics Research Center, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States); Yu, Kin M. [Electronic Materials Program, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)
Impact of the Ga/In ratio on the N incorporation into (In,Ga)(As,N) quantum dots
In this work, we demonstrate the dependence of the nitrogen incorporation on the Ga/In content into (In,Ga)(As,N) quantum dots (QDs) grown on GaAs (100) by radio-frequency plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Morphological analysis by atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, together with an estimation of the transition thickness, monitored in situ during the growth, predict a maximum in the N incorporation for 30% Ga content. This result is confirmed by photoluminescence measurements of the as-grown and post-growth annealed samples. We attribute this behavior to a trade off between two mechanisms depending on the Ga/In content: one related to the stability of the Ga-N bond, and the other related to the surface strain and/or In segregation.
Gargallo-Caballero, R.; Guzman, A.; Ulloa, J. M.; Hierro, A. [Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectronicos y Microtecnologia (ISOM)-Departamento de Ingenieria Electronica, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Hopkinson, M. [Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD (United Kingdom); Luna, E.; Trampert, A. [Paul Drude Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin (Germany)
Is Increased Low-dose somatic Radiosensitivity Associated with Increased Transgenerational Germline Mutation
Using single-molecule polymerase chain reaction, the frequency of spontaneous and radiation-induced mutation at an expanded simple tandem repeat (ESTR) locus was studied in DNA samples extracted from sperm and bone marrow of Atm knockout (Atm+/�) heterozygous male mice. The frequency of spontaneous mutation in sperm and bone marrow in Atm+/� males did not significantly differ from that in wild-type BALB/c mice. Acute gamma-ray exposure did not affect ESTR mutation frequency in bone marrow and resulted in similar increases in sperm samples taken from Atm+/� and BALB/c males. Taken together, these results suggest that the Atm haploinsufficiency analyzed in our study does not affect spontaneous and radiation-induced ESTR mutation frequency in mice.
Brenner, David J.
Incorporating Perceptual Task Effort into the Recognition of Intention in Information Graphics
The rapidly increasing availability of electronic publications containing information graphics poses some interesting challenges in terms of information access. For example, visually impaired individuals should ideally be provided with access to the knowledge that would be gleaned from viewing the information graphic. Similarly, digital libraries must take into account the content of information graphics when constructing indices. This paper outlines our approach to recognizing the intended message of an information graphic, focusing on the concept of perceptual task e#ort, its role in the inference process, our rules for estimating e#ort, and the results of an eye tracking experiment conducted in order to evaluate and modify those rules.
Stephanie Elzer; Nancy Green; Sandra Carberry; Ra Carberry; James Hoffman
SBA Increases Size Standards for Waste Remediation Services ...
Increases Size Standards for Waste Remediation Services & InformationAdmin Support SBA Increases Size Standards for Waste Remediation Services & InformationAdmin Support December...
Department of Energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission Increase...
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Increase Cooperation to Advance Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Department of Energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission Increase Cooperation to...
DOE Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Cybersecuri...
Innovations to Increase Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems DOE Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems February 11,...
Federal Government Increases Renewable Energy Use Over 1000 Percent...
Government Increases Renewable Energy Use Over 1000 Percent since 1999; Exceeds Goal Federal Government Increases Renewable Energy Use Over 1000 Percent since 1999; Exceeds Goal...
Increase in IO Bandwidth to Enhance Future Understanding of Climate...
Increase in IO Bandwidth to Enhance Future Understanding of Climate Change Increase in IO Bandwidth to Enhance Future Understanding of Climate Change August 6, 2009...
Department of Energy Finalizes Regulations to Increase Energy...
of Energy Finalizes Regulations to Increase Energy Efficiency in New Federal Buildings by 30% Department of Energy Finalizes Regulations to Increase Energy Efficiency in...
Fact Sheet: Gas Prices and Oil Consumption Would Increase Without...
Fact Sheet: Gas Prices and Oil Consumption Would Increase Without Biofuels Fact Sheet: Gas Prices and Oil Consumption Would Increase Without Biofuels Secretary of Energy Samuel W....
Aerial survey finds no increase in radioactivity for Los Alamos...
Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > NNSA Blog > Aerial survey finds no increase in radioactivity ... Aerial survey finds no increase in...
NERSC Increases System Storage and Security for Users
Increases System Storage and Security for Users NERSC Increases System Storage and Security for Users April 28, 2009 Franklin Upgrades Improve IO Performance Throughout the month...
Golbal Economic and Environmental Impacts of Increased Bioenergy Production
The project had three main objectives: to build and incorporate an explicit biomass energy sector within the GTAP analytical framework and data base; to provide an analysis of the impact of renewable fuel standards and other policies in the U.S. and E.U, as well as alternative biofuel policies in other parts of the world, on changes in production, prices, consumption, trade and poverty; and to evaluate environmental impacts of alternative policies for bioenergy development. Progress and outputs related to each objective are reported.
Wallace Tyner
SOLERAS - Solar Controlled Environment Agriculture Project. Final report, Volume 6. Science Applications, Incorporated system analysis
This report summarizes the results of the systems analysis task for the conceptual design of a commercial size, solar powered, controlled environment agriculture system. The baseline greenhouse system consists of a 5-hectare growing facility utilizing an innovative fluid roof filter concept to provide temperature and humidity control. Fresh water for the system is produced by means of a reverse osmosis desalination unit and energy is provided by means of a solar photovoltaic array in conjunction with storage batteries and a power conditioning unit. The greenhouse environment is controlled via circulation of brackish groundwater in a closed system, which permits water recovery during dehumidification as well as CO/sub 2/ enrichment for increased crop productivity.
Increase Natural Gas Energy Efficiency | OpenEI Community
Increase Natural Gas Energy Efficiency > Posts by term Content Group Activity By term Q & A Feeds...
Electric supply additions are not keeping pace with increased ...
... potentially leading to increased calls on emergency demand response programs or even rolling blackouts. ...
Memo, "Incorporation of HLW Glass Shell V2.0 into the Flowsheets," to ED Lee, CCN: 184905, October 20, 2009
Efforts are being made to increase the efficiency and decrease the cost of vitrifying radioactive waste stored in tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site. The compositions of acceptable and processable high-level waste (HL W) glasses need to be optimized to minimize the waste-form volume and, hence, to reduce cost. A database of glass properties of waste glass and associated simulated waste glasses was collected and documented in PNNL 18501, Glass Property Data and Models for Estimating High-Level Waste Glass Volume and glass property models were curve-fitted to the glass compositions. A routine was developed that estimates HL W glass volumes using the following glass property models: II Nepheline, II One-Percent Crystal Temperature (T1%), II Viscosity (11) II Product Consistency Tests (PCT) for boron, sodium, and lithium, and II Liquidus Temperature (TL). The routine, commonly called the HL W Glass Shell, is presented in this document. In addition to the use of the glass property models, glass composition constraints and rules, as recommend in PNNL 18501 and in other documents (as referenced in this report) were incorporated. This new version of the HL W Glass Shell should generally estimate higher waste loading in the HL W glass than previous versions.
Gimpel, Rodney F.; Kruger, Albert A.
Incorporating Peptides in the Outer Coordination Sphere of Bio-inspired Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production
Four new cyclic 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane ligands have been prepared and used to synthesize [Ni(PPh2NR2)2]2+ complexes in which R is a mono- or dipeptide. These complexes represent a first step in developing an outer coordination sphere for this class of complexes that can mimic the outer coordination sphere of the active sites of hydrogenase enzymes. Importantly, these complexes retain the electrocatalytic activity of the parent [Ni(PPh2NPh2)2]2+ complex in acetonitrile solution with turnover frequencies (TOF) for hydrogen production ranging from 14 to 25 s-1 in the presence of p-cyanoanilinium trifluoromethanesulphonic acid and 135-1000 s-1 in the presence of triflic acid salt of protonated dimethylformamide, with moderately low overpotentials, ~0.3 V. The addition of small amounts of water result in rate increases of 5-7 times. Unlike the parent complex, these complexes demonstrate dynamic structural transformations in solution whereby the dipeptide tail interacts with the nickel center. These results establish a building block from which larger peptide scaffolding can be added to allow the [Ni(PR2NR�2)2]2+ molecular catalytic core to begin to mimic the multifunctional outer coordination sphere of enzymes. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences' Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy.
Jain, Avijita; Lense, Sheri; Linehan, John C.; Raugei, Simone; Cho, Herman M.; DuBois, Daniel L.; Shaw, Wendy J.
Human error modeling predictions: increasing occupational safety using human performance modeling tools
Abstract: The use of computer-aided job analysis tools has been increasing in the recent past as a result of decreases in computational costs, augmentations in the reality of the computer-aided job analysis tools, and usefulness of the output generated from these tools. One tool set known as integrated Human Performance Modeling (HPM) is a humanout-of-the-loop (HOOTL) computational methodology used to generate predictions of complex human-automation integration and system flow patterns. These tools provide computational representations of humans incorporating physical, cognitive, perceptual, and environmental characteristics. Increasingly complex automation leads to a new class of errors and error vulnerabilities. Hollnagel�s (1993) Contextual Control Model (CoCoM) will be used as the human error theory behind a HOOTL simulation using Air Man-machine Integration Design and Analysis System (Air MIDAS) to evaluate complex humanautomation integration considerations currently underway at NASA Ames Research Center. This paper will highlight the importance of the physical and cognitive link of a specific task and will outline attempts being made to understand the factors underlying human error, a critical consideration of human-complex system performance.
Edited B. Das; Brian F. Gore; Kevin M. Corker
Increasing the Fuel Economy and Safety of New Light-Duty Vehicles
drivers. They let the vehicle manufacturers off the hook. Weon their website. Vehicle manufacturers have striven toand manufacturers to see them incorporated in new vehicles.
Wenzel, Tom; Ross, Marc
Incorporating Stakeholder Decision Support Needs into an Integrated Regional Earth System Model
A new modeling effort exploring the opportunities, constraints, and interactions between mitigation and adaptation at regional scale is utilizing stakeholder engagement in an innovative approach to guide model development and demonstration, including uncertainty characterization, to effectively inform regional decision making. This project, the integrated Regional Earth System Model (iRESM), employs structured stakeholder interactions and literature reviews to identify the most relevant adaptation and mitigation alternatives and decision criteria for each regional application of the framework. The information is used to identify important model capabilities and to provide a focus for numerical experiments. This paper presents the stakeholder research results from the first iRESM pilot region. The pilot region includes the Great Lakes Basin in the Midwest portion of the United States as well as other contiguous states. This geographic area (14 states in total) permits cohesive modeling of hydrologic systems while also providing gradients in climate, demography, land cover/land use, and energy supply and demand. The results from the stakeholder research indicate that iRESM should prioritize addressing adaptation alternatives in the water resources, urban infrastructure, and agriculture sectors, such as water conservation, expanded water quality monitoring, altered reservoir releases, lowered water intakes, urban infrastructure upgrades, increased electric power reserves in urban areas, and land use management/crop selection changes. Regarding mitigation alternatives, the stakeholder research shows a need for iRESM to focus on policies affecting the penetration of renewable energy technologies, and the costs and effectiveness of energy efficiency, bioenergy production, wind energy, and carbon capture and sequestration.
Rice, Jennie S.; Moss, Richard H.; Runci, Paul J.; Anderson, K. L.; Malone, Elizabeth L.
Utah Natural Gas Liquids Lease Condensate, Proved Reserves Increases...
Increases (Million Barrels) Utah Natural Gas Liquids Lease Condensate, Proved Reserves Increases (Million Barrels) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7...
Utah Coalbed Methane Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Utah Coalbed Methane Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8...
Utah Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic...
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Utah Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9...
Utah Crude Oil + Lease Condensate Reserves Revision Increases...
Increases (Million Barrels) Utah Crude Oil + Lease Condensate Reserves Revision Increases (Million Barrels) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8...
U.S. Coalbed Methane Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) U.S. Coalbed Methane Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8...
U.S. Natural Gas Plant Liquids, Reserves Revision Increases ...
Increases (Million Barrels) U.S. Natural Gas Plant Liquids, Reserves Revision Increases (Million Barrels) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8...
San Antonio spurs increase in solar energy production | Department...
San Antonio spurs increase in solar energy production San Antonio spurs increase in solar energy production January 13, 2010 - 4:54pm Addthis San Antonio is using these unique...
Energetics Responses to Increases in Greenhouse Gas Concentration
Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations warm the troposphere. However, it is not clear whether this implies changes in the energetics. To study the energetics responses to CO2 increases, changes in the Lorenz energy cycle (LEC) are evaluated ...
Daniel Hern�ndez-Deckers; Jin-Song von Storch
Miscellaneous States Shale Gas Proved Reserves Revision Increases...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Miscellaneous States Shale Gas Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7...
California Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) California Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8...
Ohio Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Ohio Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9...
Audit of Department of Energy's Contractor Salary Increase Funds...
Department of Energy's Contractor Salary Increase Funds, CR-B-97-02 Audit of Department of Energy's Contractor Salary Increase Funds, CR-B-97-02 cr-b-97-02.pdf More Documents &...
Computational Challenges and Analysis under Increasingly Dynamic and Uncertain
Computational Challenges and Analysis under Increasingly Dynamic and Uncertain Electric Power Empowering Minds to Engineer the Future Electric Energy System #12;Thrust Area 5 White Paper Computational Challenges and Analysis Under Increasingly Dynamic and Uncertain Electric Power System Conditions Project
Michigan Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Michigan Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8...
U.S. Shale Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic...
View History: Annual Download Data (XLS File) U.S. Shale Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) U.S. Shale Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet)...
U.S. Crude Oil + Lease Condensate Reserves Revision Increases...
Increases (Million Barrels) U.S. Crude Oil + Lease Condensate Reserves Revision Increases (Million Barrels) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8...
New Mexico - West Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) New Mexico - West Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7...
New Mexico Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) New Mexico Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8...
New Mexico - East Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) New Mexico - East Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7...
Texas Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic...
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Texas Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9...
Equity Effects of Increasing-Block Electricity Pricing
Increasing-Block Residential Electricity Rates in CaliforniaResidential Demand for Electricity under Inverted Block Rates:
Borenstein, Severin
Increased power production through enhancements to the Organic ...
beyond conventional fossil fuels will become inevitably necessary in order to meet increasing global energy demands. Ef?cient and
Conceptual design study on incorporating a 25-ton/day pyrolysis unit into an operating total energy system. Final report
The results of a conceptual design study on incorporating a pyrolysis unit into an existing total energy plant are presented. The objectives of this study were to examine the institutional, technical and economic factors affecting the incorporation of a 25-ton/day pyrolysis unit into the Indian Creek Total Energy Plant. The Indian Creek total energy plant is described. Results of the conceptual design are presented. A survey of the availability of waste materials and a review of health and safety ordinances are included. The technical aspects of the pyrolysis system are discussed, including the results of the review of facilities requirements for the pyrolysis unit, the analysis of necessary system modification, and an estimate of the useful energy contribution by the pyrolysis unit. Results of the life-cycle cost analysis of the pyrolysis unit are presented. The major conclusions are that: there appears to be no institutional or technical barriers to constructing a waste pyrolysis unit at the Indian Creek Total Energy Plant; pyrolysis gas can be consumed in the engines and the boilers by utilizing venturi mixing devices; the engines can consume only 5% of the output of the 25-ton/day pyrolysis unit; Therefore, consumption of pyrolysis gas will be controlled by boiler energy demand patterns; a waste pyrolysis unit is not cost effective at the current natural gas price of $0.90/10/sup 6/ Btu; and pyrolysis is economically attractive at natural gas prices above $3.00/10/sup 6/ Btu.
Evaluation of sintering effects on SiC incorporated UO2 kernels under Ar and Ar-4%H2 environments
Silicon carbide (SiC) is suggested as an oxygen getter in UO2 kernels used for TRISO particle fuels to lower oxygen potential and prevent kernel migration during irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry analyses performed on sintered kernels verified that internal gelation process can be used to incorporate SiC in urania fuel kernels. Sintering in either Ar or Ar-4%H2 at 1500 C lowered the SiC content in the UO2 kernels to some extent. Formation of UC was observed as the major chemical phase in the process, while other minor phases such as U3Si2C2, USi2, U3Si2, and UC2 were also identified. UC formation was presumed to be occurred by two reactions. The first was the SiC reaction with its protective SiO2 oxide layer on SiC grains to produce volatile SiO and free carbon that subsequently reacted with UO2 to form UC. The second process was direct UO2 reaction with SiC grains to form SiO, CO, and UC, especially in Ar-4%H2. A slightly higher density and UC content was observed in the sample sintered in Ar-4%H2, but the use of both atmospheres produced kernels with ~95% of theoretical density. It is suggested that incorporating CO in the sintering gas would prevent UC formation and preserve the initial SiC content.
Silva, Chinthaka M [ORNL] [ORNL; Lindemer, Terrence [Harbach Engineering and Solutions] [Harbach Engineering and Solutions; Hunt, Rodney Dale [ORNL] [ORNL; Collins, Jack Lee [ORNL] [ORNL; Terrani, Kurt A [ORNL] [ORNL; Snead, Lance Lewis [ORNL] [ORNL
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Weight Restriction Increase for Natural Gas
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Weight Restriction Weight Restriction Increase for Natural Gas Vehicles to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Weight Restriction Increase for Natural Gas Vehicles on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Weight Restriction Increase for Natural Gas Vehicles on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Weight Restriction Increase for Natural Gas Vehicles on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Weight Restriction Increase for Natural Gas Vehicles on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Weight Restriction Increase for Natural Gas Vehicles on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Weight Restriction Increase for Natural Gas Vehicles on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search
Incorporating TOMS Ozone Measurements into the Prediction of the Washington, D.C., Winter Storm during 24�25 January 2000
In this study, a methodology is proposed for incorporating total column ozone data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) into the initial conditions of a mesoscale prediction model. Based on the strong correlation between vertical mean ...
Kun-Il Jang; X. Zou; M. S. F. V. De Pondeca; M. Shapiro; C. Davis; A. Krueger
The Elastic�Viscous�Plastic Sea Ice Dynamics Model in General Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates on a Sphere�Incorporation of Metric Terms
A new discretization for the elastic�viscous�plastic (EVP) sea ice dynamics model incorporates metric terms to account for grid curvature effects in curvilinear coordinate systems. A fundamental property of the viscous�plastic ice rheology that ...
Elizabeth C. Hunke; John K. Dukowicz
Increase of Cloud Droplet Size with Aerosol Optical Depth: An Observational and Modeling Study
Cloud droplet effective radius (DER) is generally negatively correlated with aerosol optical depth (AOD) as a proxy of cloud condensation nuclei. In this study, cases of positive correlation were found over certain portions of the world by analyzing the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products, together with a general finding that DER may increase or decrease with aerosol loading depending on environmental conditions. The slope of the correlation between DER and AOD is driven primarily by water vapor amount, which explains 70% of the variance in our study. Various potential artifacts that may cause the positive relation are investigated including water vapor swelling, partially cloudy, atmospheric dynamics, cloud three-dimensional (3-D) and surface influence effects. None seems to be the primary cause for the observed phenomenon, although a certain degree of influence exists for some of the factors. Analyses are conducted over seven regions around the world representing different types of aerosols and clouds. Only two regions show positive dependence of DER on AOD, near coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and South China Sea, which implies physical processes may at work. Using a 2-D spectral-bin microphysics Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model (GCE) which incorporated a reformulation of the K�hler theory, two possible physical mechanisms are hypothesized. They are related to the effects of slightly soluble organics (SSO) particles and giant CCNs. Model simulations show a positive correlation between DER and AOD, due to a decrease in activated aerosols with an increasing SSO content. Addition of a few giant CCNs also increases the DER. Further investigations are needed to fully understand and clarify the observed phenomenon.
Yuan, Tianle; Li, Zhanqing; Zhang, Renyi; Fan, Jiwen
Solar energy and multi-storey residential buildings Larry Hughes and Tylor Wood
Factsheet on Summer Heat Gain and Winter Heat Loss In the summer we often feel warm in buildings and in the winter we may feel cold. This may be due to heating from solar gain and heat loss during the winter (see that you stay cool or warm. You can: · Draw blinds to stop solar gain and winter losses · You can wear
New Regional Employment Dynamics? By James W. Hughes and Joseph J. Seneca
into the Garden State. As prime midtown Manhattan office rentals trend above $80 per square foot, the attraction efficient and cost- competitive place of doing postindustrial business in the region. However, following and growing business costs, Manhattan remains in hot demand. The positive side of this for New Jersey
Direct detection of dark matter with liquid argon and neon Walter Hugh Lippincott
Lippincott Dissertation Director: Professor Daniel McKinsey December 2010 #12;i c Copyright 2010 by Walter
McKinsey, Daniel
50 IEEE power & energy magazine july/august 2007 by Hugh Rudnick,
claims arising from events and transactions in Western electricity markets during the period from Jan. 1 will be transferred to the CAISO to be distributed in a manner consistent with the CAISO's Commission-approved tariff Parties include: Pacific Gas and Electric Company; Southern California Edison Company; San Diego Gas
Space Heating Trends in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia1 Mandeep Dhaliwal and Larry Hughes
in energy intensity. The residential sector uses energy for space heating, water heating, appliances Heating 60% Water Heating 21% Appliances 13% Lighting 5% Space Cooling 1% Figure 1: Residential Sector Scotia's energy policy goes one step further and supports R-2000 and Energuide for new houses (NSDOE
Preparing for the Peak: Energy Security and Atlantic Canada 1 Larry Hughes
region that will be particularly vulnerable to peak oil, since almost all of the region's oil is imported is destined for markets outside the region. This paper examines some of the potential impacts of peak oil the reliance on refined petroleum products for space heating and transportation. When peak oil production
The Femme Fatale Tells Her Story: Dorothy Hughes and WWII Crime Fiction
Most studies of feminism in crime fiction begin with authorsand 80s. However, popular crime fiction of the noir andmale- only� roots of the crime novel cannot be ignored, but
Rolens, Claire
On the (Dis)similarity of Transactional Memory Workloads Clay Hughes
characterization techniques will help TM architects select a small, diverse, set of TM workloads for their design to their similarities outside of the traditional lock/barrier model. This is a pitfall for computer architects. If too that architects can use to choose which programs to run based on the transactional feature that needs
Roy, Subrata
Review, reduce, and replace: The three `R's of energy security Larry Hughes
of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in the eastern part of the Arctic Slope comes a heightened concern
The challenge of meeting Canada's greenhouse gas reduction Larry Hughes and Nikhil Chaudhry
; Vlosky 2002 #12;s The first MDF plant started up four years ago and now there are 3 or 4, so furniture for exotic wood veneer layup. Pressing veneer on MDF will give the most defect-free, flat and smooth surface
Future world oil production: Growth, plateau, or peak?1 Larry Hughes and Jacinda Rudolph
" and "Unconventional." Conventional oil is typically the highest quality, lightest oil, which flows from underground reservoirs with comparative ease, and it is the least expensive to produce. Unconventional oils are heavy the problem will be pervasive and long lasting. Oil peaking repre- sents a liquid fuels prob- lem
By James W. Hughes and Joseph J. SenecaA quarterly and Central
, such as the availability of skilled labor, available utilities for power, fiber infrastructure, connectivity--a full six years. Thus, it is no longer youthful, but has firmly entered middle age. And it is slowing
Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Outages
Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Outages Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Outages In June 2011, President Obama released A Policy Framework for the 21st Century Grid which set out a four-pillared strategy for modernizing the electric grid. The initiative directed billions of dollars toward investments in 21st century smart grid technologies focused at increasing the grid's efficiency, reliability, and resilience, and making it less vulnerable to weather-related outages and reducing the time it takes to restore power after an outage occurs. Grid resilience is increasingly important as climate change increases the frequency and intensity of severe weather. Greenhouse gas emissions are elevating air and water temperatures around the world. Scientific research
SES Performance-Based Pay Increase | Department of Energy
Performance-Based Pay Increase Performance-Based Pay Increase SES Performance-Based Pay Increase An agency may provide a pay increase to allow a senior executive to advance his or her relative position with the SES rate range only upon a determination by the authorized agency official that the executive's individual performance and/or contribution to agency performance so warrant. A senior executive who receives an annual summary rating of Outstanding or equivalent may be considered for an annual pay increase. A senior executive who receives an annual summary rating of less than Fully Successful or equivalent may not receive an increase in pay for the current appraisal period. The expectation is that executives who are paid consistent with their current level of responsibilities and who receive an
Department of Energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission Increase Cooperation
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Increase Nuclear Regulatory Commission Increase Cooperation to Advance Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Department of Energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission Increase Cooperation to Advance Global Nuclear Energy Partnership July 17, 2007 - 2:55pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) expanded cooperation for President Bush's Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that was signed on Friday by DOE's GNEP Deputy Program Manager Paul Lisowski and NRC Executive Director for Operations Luis Reyes. The MOU establishes the foundation for increased cooperation between DOE and NRC on technological research and engineering studies and marks another important milestone
President Truman Increases Production of Uranium and Plutonium | National
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Increases Production of Uranium and Plutonium | National Increases Production of Uranium and Plutonium | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > About Us > Our History > NNSA Timeline > President Truman Increases Production of Uranium and Plutonium President Truman Increases Production of Uranium and Plutonium October 09, 1950
DOE Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Cybersecurity
Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems DOE Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems February 11, 2013 - 10:53am Addthis The Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability issued a new Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), Innovation for Increasing Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems, on February 8. The announcement is seeking applications to conduct research, development and demonstrations leading to next generation tools and technologies that will become widely adopted to enhance and accelerate deployment of cybersecurity capabilities for the U.S energy infrastructure, including cyber secure integration of smart grid technologies.
Factors Associated with Increasing Teacher Retention in Rural Schools.
??This paper seeks to identify school-based factors associated with increasing teacher retention in rural public schools. Though there is a large body of research that� (more)
Rutenberg, David
ORNL DAAC, Effects of Increased Carbon Dioxide, Dec. 11, 2002
Increased Carbon Dioxide on Vegetation The ORNL DAAC announces the release of a data set entitled "Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Litter Chemistry and Decomposition." The...
KIVA: Increases engine efficiency while improving fuel economy
in automotive catalytic converters Design of fire suppression systems Pulsed detonation propulsion systems design Benefits: Increases engine efficiency while reducing harmful...
,"U.S. Coalbed Methane Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
ame","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Coalbed Methane Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet)",1,"Annual",2011 ,"Release...
Study on Aluminum Foam with Fly Ash Increase Viscosity
May 1, 2007 ... Study on Aluminum Foam with Fly Ash Increase Viscosity by Yong Wang, Guang- chun Yao, and Bing Li. Publisher: TMS. Product Format: PDF.
,"U.S. Shale Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic...
Name","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Shale Proved Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet)",1,"Annual",2011 ,"Release...
Increasing wind capacity requires new approaches to electricity ...
Electric power generation from wind is increasing rapidly in the United States. Wind power is attractive for its lack of emissions and low operating costs, but its ...
Increased Energy Efficiency and Reduced HF Emissions with New ...
Presentation Title, Increased Energy Efficiency and Reduced HF Emissions with New Heat Exchanger. Author(s), Anders Kenneth Sorhuus, Geir Wedde, Ketil A.
Uprates can increase U.S. nuclear capacity substantially without ...
The electrical output of the nuclear power plant fleet can be increased either by constructing new plants or by 'uprating' operating plants.
Increased cycling efficiency and rate capability of copper-coated...
cycling efficiency and rate capability of copper-coated silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries Title Increased cycling efficiency and rate capability of copper-coated silicon...
ARTICLE: Abradable Coatings Increase Gas Turbine Engine Efficiency
Oct 11, 2007 ... Topic Title: ARTICLE: Abradable Coatings Increase Gas Turbine Engine Efficiency Topic Summary: F. Ghasripoor et. al. article from Materials�...
Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset...
In addition, increasing urban albedo can result in less absorption of incoming solar radiation by the surface-troposphere system, countering to some extent the global scale...
Increasing Use of Secondary Materials in Production Planning
There are several barriers to increased use of secondary materials, particularly in metal systems, that can be addressed through innovative production�...
President Truman Increases Production of Uranium and Plutonium...
Increases Production of Uranium and Plutonium | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy...
OSTP Directs Federal Agencies to Increase Public Access to Scientific...
OSTP Directs Federal Agencies to Increase Public Access to Scientific Publications open book The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) has issued a major...
of increasing-block electricity rate schedules in the Unitedfrom the analysis of electricity rates, this approach toBlock Residential Electricity Rates in California The
"Increasing Solar Panel Efficiency And Reliability By Evaporative...
Increasing Solar Panel Efficiency And Reliability By Evaporative Cooling" Inventors..--.. Lewis Meixler, Charles Gentile, Patricia Hillyer, Dylan Carpe, Jason Wang, Caroline Brooks...
Method to Increase Stabilization Rate of Lignin for Carbon ...
Method to Increase Stabilization Rate of Lignin for Carbon Fiber Production Note: The technology described above is an early stage opportunity.
Overview: The Increasing Importance and Capabilities of Biomass...
IB IN DEPTH-Special Section on Advances in Biomass Characterization Technology brian h. davison, guest editor Overview: The Increasing Importance and Capabilities of Biomass...
Increase energy efficiency in systems and buildings and improve...
Increase energy efficiency in systems and buildings and improve indoor environment: How to validate comfort and energy reduction Speaker(s): Wouter Borsboom Date: December 8, 2009...
,"California Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
Name","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","California Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet)",1,"Annual",2011...
DOE Announces $14 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase...
Administration Other Agencies You are here Home DOE Announces 14 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase Fuel Efficiency DOE Announces 14 Million Industry...
This year's gasoline price increase not unusual - Today in ...
... and trends. FAQs ... although in some years, including this year, the price increase ... Over the past 20 years, the average period of rising prices in the ...
Increase Natural Gas Energy Efficiency Home > Features > Groups Content Group Activity By term Q & A Feeds Content type Blog entry Discussion Document Event Poll Question...
content Facebook Flickr RSS Twitter YouTube President Truman Increases Production of Uranium and Plutonium | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the...
Changing World Product Markets and Potential Refining Capacity Increases
Reports and Publications (EIA)
The presentation explores potential refinery capacity increases over the next 5 years in various world regions, based on changing demand patterns, changing price incentives, and capacity expansion announcements.
Information Center
Order (EO 13423), announced earlier this year, which directed federal agencies to reduce energy intensity and greenhouse gas emissions; substantially increase use and efficiency...
Maximizing the Productive Uses of Electricity to Increase the...
Maximizing the Productive Uses of Electricity to Increase the Impact of Rural Electrification Programs Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Maximizing the Productive Uses...
Energy Crops Engineered for Increased Sugar Extraction through ...
Energy Crops Engineered for Increased Sugar Extraction through Inhibition of snl6 Expression Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Contact LBL About This ...
Increasing Energy Efficiency and Reducing Emissions from China...
from China's Cement Kilns: Audit Report of Two Cement Plants in Shandong Province, China Title Increasing Energy Efficiency and Reducing Emissions from China's Cement Kilns:...
NETL: News Release - DOE Seeks Proposals to Increase Investment...
15, 2009 DOE Seeks Proposals to Increase Investment in Industrial Carbon Capture and Sequestration Projects Paves Way for First U.S. Commercial Scale Carbon Capture and Storage...
Increases in oil prices affect broader measures of inflation ...
Over the past ten years, the Chained Consumer Price Index (C-CPI-U) ... oil price increases boost freight transportation costs�for example, ...
Industrial sector drives increase in North Dakota electricity ...
Increased oil and natural gas production in North Dakota has driven the state's growth in industrial demand for electricity. Rising economic activity and population ...
,"Texas Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
,"Worksheet Name","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Texas Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet)",1,"Annual",2011...
Increase in the Stability of Gravimetric Classification System of ...
Abstract Scope, After the installation of coarse seed filtration at lines 1, 2 and 3 from Hydro Alunorte, the precipitation productivity was increased, however the�...
Lawrence Livermore increases contracts awarded to small businesses...
standing in front of the NIF diagnostics that she works on. Photos by Julie KorhummelLLNL Lawrence Livermore increases contracts awarded to small businesses for third straight...
Staging laser plasma accelerators for increased beam energy
Staging Laser Plasma Accelerators for Increased Beam Energy94720, USA Abstract. Staging laser plasma accelerators is anefficient way of mitigating laser pump depletion in laser
Panasenko, Dmitriy
,"U.S. Crude Oil + Lease Condensate Reserves Revision Increases...
Name","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Crude Oil + Lease Condensate Reserves Revision Increases (Million Barrels)",1,"Annual",2011...
,"New Mexico Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion...
Name","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","New Mexico Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet)",1,"Annual",2011...
Increasing Coke Impurities � Is this Really a Problem for Metal ...
Abstract Scope, Increases in the Vanadium and Nickel content of anode grade coke in recent years have predictably affected smelter metal quality. This has now�...
Incorporating global warming risks in power sector planning: A case study of the New England region. Volume 1
Growing international concern over the threat of global climate change has led to proposals to buy insurance against this threat by reducing emissions of carbon (short for carbon dioxide) and other greenhouse gases below current levels. Concern over these and other, non-climatic environmental effects of electricity generation has led a number of states to adopt or explore new mechanisms for incorporating environmental externalities in utility resource planning. For example, the New York and Massachusetts utility commissions have adopted monetized surcharges (or adders) to induce emission reductions of federally regulated air pollutants (notably, SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, and particulates) beyond federally mandated levels. These regulations also include preliminary estimates of the cost of reducing carbon emissions, for which no federal regulations exist at this time. Within New England, regulators and utilities have also held several workshops and meetings to discuss alternative methods of incorporating externalities as well as the feasibility of regional approaches. This study examines the potential for reduced carbon emissions in the New England power sector as well as the cost and rate impacts of two policy approaches: environmental externality surcharges and a target- based approach. We analyze the following questions: Does New England have sufficient low-carbon resources to achieve significant reductions (10% to 20% below current levels) in fossil carbon emissions in its utility sector? What reductions could be achieved at a maximum? What is the expected cost of carbon reductions as a function of the reduction goal? How would carbon reduction strategies affect electricity rates? How effective are environmental externality cost surcharges as an instrument in bringing about carbon reductions? To what extent could the minimization of total electricity costs alone result in carbon reductions relative to conventional resource plans?
Krause, F.; Busch, J.; Koomey, J.
Bubble statistics and coarsening dynamics for quasi-two dimensional foams with increasing liquid content
We report on the statistics of bubble size, topology, and shape and on their role in the coarsening dynamics for foams consisting of bubbles compressed between two parallel plates. The design of the sample cell permits control of the liquid content, through a constant pressure condition set by the height of the foam above a liquid reservoir. We find that in the scaling state, all bubble distributions are independent not only of time but also of liquid content. For coarsening, the average rate decreases with liquid content due to the blocking of gas diffusion by Plateau borders inflated with liquid. By observing the growth rate of individual bubbles, we find that von Neumann's law becomes progressively violated with increasing wetness and with decreasing bubble size. We successfully model this behavior by explicitly incorporating the border blocking effect into the von Neumann argument. Two dimensionless bubble shape parameters naturally arise, one of which is primarily responsible for the violation of von Neumann's law for foams that are not perfectly dry.
A. E. Roth; C. D. Jones; D. J. Durian
Final report for LDRD project 11-0783 : directed robots for increased military manpower effectiveness.
The purpose of this LDRD is to develop technology allowing warfighters to provide high-level commands to their unmanned assets, freeing them to command a group of them or commit the bulk of their attention elsewhere. To this end, a brain-emulating cognition and control architecture (BECCA) was developed, incorporating novel and uniquely capable feature creation and reinforcement learning algorithms. BECCA was demonstrated on both a mobile manipulator platform and on a seven degree of freedom serial link robot arm. Existing military ground robots are almost universally teleoperated and occupy the complete attention of an operator. They may remove a soldier from harm's way, but they do not necessarily reduce manpower requirements. Current research efforts to solve the problem of autonomous operation in an unstructured, dynamic environment fall short of the desired performance. In order to increase the effectiveness of unmanned vehicle (UV) operators, we proposed to develop robots that can be 'directed' rather than remote-controlled. They are instructed and trained by human operators, rather than driven. The technical approach is modeled closely on psychological and neuroscientific models of human learning. Two Sandia-developed models are utilized in this effort: the Sandia Cognitive Framework (SCF), a cognitive psychology-based model of human processes, and BECCA, a psychophysical-based model of learning, motor control, and conceptualization. Together, these models span the functional space from perceptuo-motor abilities, to high-level motivational and attentional processes.
Rohrer, Brandon Robinson; Rothganger, Fredrick H.; Wagner, John S.; Xavier, Patrick Gordon; Morrow, James Dan
Solar collector apparatus having increased energy rejection during stagnation
The disclosure relates to an active solar collector having increased energy rejection during stagnation. The collector's glazing is brought into substantial contact with absorber during stagnation to increase re-emittance and thereby to maintain lower temperatures when the collector is not in operation.
Moore, Stanley W. (Los Alamos, NM)
An active solar collector having increased energy rejection during stagnation is disclosed. The collector's glazing is brought into substantial contact with absorber during stagnation to increase re-emittance and thereby to maintan lower temperatures when the collector is not in operation.
Moore, S.W.
How California Can Increase Investments in Public Transit
All Aboard How California Can Increase Investments in Public Transit July 2011 #12;About \\ Berkeley Law All Aboard: How California Can Increase Investments in Public Transit Executive Summary: The Importance of Public Transit The buses, passenger rail cars, and shuttle vans that serve California
Militzer, Burkhard
Beyond Competition for Incorporation
to prepare two sets of financial statements. See Eric Nowak,of the two sets of financial statements that used to beTelekom Consolidated Financial Statements for 1996, at 61-
Kamar, Ehud
Texas Instruments Incorporated provides
entirely new ones. A constant thread throughout our history has been our use of progressively more complex to the revolutionary to literally and repeatedly change the world. History: · Founded in 1930 as a geophysical exploration company that used seismic signalprocessing technology to search for oil · Adopted the name Texas
Mellor-Crummey, John
Electric Power Research Institute Cooperation to Increase Energy
Research Institute Cooperation to Increase Energy Research Institute Cooperation to Increase Energy Efficiency, March 6, 2008 Electric Power Research Institute Cooperation to Increase Energy Efficiency, March 6, 2008 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) strengthened cooperation for research, development and deployment of energy technologies aimed at promoting increased energy efficiency. DOE and EPRI yesterday signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) establishing a framework for close coordination to advance the common goal of satisfying the nation's growing electricity needs by improving energy efficiency and promoting the widespread adoption of electric energy demand response programs in an effort to curtail energy use during peak periods. Electric Power Research Institute Cooperation to Increase Energy
Powerpedia - Using Technology to Increase Transparancy | Department of
- Using Technology to Increase Transparancy - Using Technology to Increase Transparancy Powerpedia - Using Technology to Increase Transparancy May 18, 2011 - 4:42pm Addthis The OCIO established a Department-wide wiki, Powerpedia, in early 2010 to help facilitate knowledge capture, collaboration, and increased efficiency. Leveraging many of the lessons learned from the intelligence community's Intellipedia effort, the Department implemented Powerpedia to increase the level of transparency and connect people and information together. Built on the same open source software underpinning Wikipedia, called MediaWiki, the Department is rapidly building a large corpus of information that is enabling the organization to "know what it knows". As of May 2011, Powerpedia has over 7,500 total pages and 45,000 page
Public Finance Mechanisms to Increase Investment in Energy Efficiency |
Public Finance Mechanisms to Increase Investment in Energy Efficiency Public Finance Mechanisms to Increase Investment in Energy Efficiency Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Public Finance Mechanisms to Increase Investment in Energy Efficiency Agency/Company /Organization: United Nations Environment Programme Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency Topics: Finance Resource Type: Publications Website: www.sefalliance.org/fileadmin/media/base/downloads/pfm_EE.pdf Public Finance Mechanisms to Increase Investment in Energy Efficiency Screenshot References: Public Finance Mechanisms to Increase Investment in Energy Efficiency[1] Background "The report identifies the market barriers and financing gaps that energy efficiency technologies, companies and projects encounter on the way from conception to commercialisation and highlights existing public sector
Linearity of Climate Response to Increases in Black Carbon Aerosols
The impact of absorbing aerosols on global climate are not completely understood. Here, we present results of idealized experiments conducted with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4) coupled to a slab ocean model (CAM4-SOM) to simulate the climate response to increases in tropospheric black carbon aerosols (BC) by direct and semi-direct effects. CAM4-SOM was forced with 0, 1x, 2x, 5x and 10x an estimate of the present day concentration of BC while maintaining their estimated present day global spatial and vertical distribution. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcing of BC in these experiments is positive (warming) and increases linearly as the BC burden increases. The total semi-direct effect for the 1x experiment is positive but becomes increasingly negative for higher BC concentrations. The global average surface temperature response is found to be a linear function of the TOA radiative forcing. The climate sensitivity to BC from these experiments is estimated to be 0.42 K $\\textnormal W^{-1} m^{2}$ when the semi-direct effects are accounted for and 0.22 K $\\textnormal W^{-1} m^{2}$ with only the direct effects considered. Global average precipitation decreases linearly as BC increases, with a precipitation sensitivity to atmospheric absorption of 0.4 $\\%$ $\\textnormal W^{-1} \\textnormal m^{2}$ . The hemispheric asymmetry of BC also causes an increase in southward cross-equatorial heat transport and a resulting northward shift of the inter-tropical convergence zone in the simulations at a rate of 4$^{\\circ}$N $\\textnormal PW^{-1}$. Global average mid- and high-level clouds decrease, whereas the low-level clouds increase linearly with BC. The increase in marine stratocumulus cloud fraction over the south tropical Atlantic is caused by increased BC-induced diabatic heating of the free troposphere.
Evans, Katherine J [ORNL; Hack, James J [ORNL; Truesdale, John [National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Helping Wisconsin Small Businesses Increase Sustainability | Department of
Wisconsin Small Businesses Increase Sustainability Wisconsin Small Businesses Increase Sustainability Helping Wisconsin Small Businesses Increase Sustainability June 28, 2012 - 3:51pm Addthis The Wisconsin Profitable Sustainability Initiative (PSI), an innovative, customizable and highly-effective program of the Wisconsin Manufacturing Extension Partnership (WMEP), demonstrates the range of economic, social and environmental benefits that can be realized by the state's small and midsize manufacturers through the implementation of sustainable business practices. Kristin Swineford Communication Specialist, Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs What Does the Future Look Like? Electricity demand from these participants will be reduced by nearly 13 million kilowatt hours. 9,000 tons of solid waste will be diverted from landfills.
Implications of Increasing U.S. Crude Oil Production
Implications of Increasing U.S. Crude Implications of Increasing U.S. Crude Oil Production By John Powell June 18, 2013 U.S. crude oil production is up dramatically since 2010 and will continue to grow rapidly; this has implications for: John Powell June 18, 2013 2 * Refinery operations * Refinery investment * Logistics infrastructure investment * Exports of petroleum products * Exports of crude oil Increased U.S. crude oil production has resulted in: John Powell June 18, 2013 3 * Declines in U.S. crude imports * Changes to refinery operations * Logistical constraints in moving crude from production areas to refining areas * Discounted prices for domestic "landlocked" crude vs. international seaborne crude
Using Transportation Technology to Increase Efficiencies in Shipping: Real
Using Transportation Technology to Increase Efficiencies in Using Transportation Technology to Increase Efficiencies in Shipping: Real Life Experience in Oak Ridge Using Transportation Technology to Increase Efficiencies in Shipping: Real Life Experience in Oak Ridge RFITS has enabled DOE ORO to establish a complex-wide initiative, supporting on-site electronic shipping and transportation of waste while utilizing industry best practices to develop and maintain a cost effective and sustainable logistics and inventory management system. Using Transportation Technology to Increase Efficiencies in Shipping: Real Life Experience in Oak Ridge More Documents & Publications Above on the left is K-25, at Oak Ridge before and after the 844,000 sq-ft demolition. In addition, on the right: K Cooling Tower at Savannah River Site demolition.
Department of Energy Launches Major Initiative to Increase Energy Savings
Major Initiative to Increase Energy Major Initiative to Increase Energy Savings Across the Nationwide DOE Complex by 30 Percent Department of Energy Launches Major Initiative to Increase Energy Savings Across the Nationwide DOE Complex by 30 Percent August 8, 2007 - 3:16pm Addthis NEW ORLEANS, LA - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Samuel W. Bodman today launched the Transformational Energy Action Management (TEAM) Initiative, a Department-wide effort aimed at reducing energy intensity across the nationwide DOE complex by 30 percent. The TEAM Initiative aims to meet or exceed the aggressive goals for increasing energy efficiency throughout the federal government already laid out by President Bush. Reducing energy intensity by 30 percent across the DOE complex will save approximately $90 million in taxpayer dollars per year, after projects are
Mentoring and Educating to Increase Diversity in Science, Tech, Engineering
Mentoring and Educating to Increase Diversity in Science, Tech, Mentoring and Educating to Increase Diversity in Science, Tech, Engineering and Math Mentoring and Educating to Increase Diversity in Science, Tech, Engineering and Math October 12, 2011 - 9:19am Addthis Mentoring and Educating to Increase Diversity in Science, Tech, Engineering and Math Bill Valdez Bill Valdez Principal Deputy Director "The next two decades of global diversity and inclusion will present unprecedented opportunities and challenges," began the description of one of yesterday's panels at the 2011 National Diversity Women's Business Leadership Conference. Yesterday I had the opportunity to present on that panel, joined by thought leaders in diversity such as Rosalyn Taylor O'Neale, VP and Chief Diversity & Inclusion Officer at Campbell Soup Company and Dr. Johnnetta Cole, the
Electric Power Research Institute Cooperation to Increase Energy Electric Power Research Institute Cooperation to Increase Energy Efficiency, March 6, 2008 Electric Power Research Institute Cooperation to Increase Energy Efficiency, March 6, 2008 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) strengthened cooperation for research, development and deployment of energy technologies aimed at promoting increased energy efficiency. DOE and EPRI yesterday signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) establishing a framework for close coordination to advance the common goal of satisfying the nation's growing electricity needs by improving energy efficiency and promoting the widespread adoption of electric energy demand response programs in an effort to curtail energy use during peak periods.
Technological Opportunities to Increase the Proliferation Resistance of
Technological Opportunities to Increase the Proliferation Technological Opportunities to Increase the Proliferation Resistance of Global Civilian Nuclear Power Systems (TOPS) Technological Opportunities to Increase the Proliferation Resistance of Global Civilian Nuclear Power Systems (TOPS) In 1999 the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) formed a special task force, called the TOPS Task Force, from the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee (NERAC) to identify near- and long-term technical opportunities to further increase the proliferation resistance of global civilian nuclear power systems. Recommendations on specific areas of research were called for, as well as on areas where international collaboration could be most productive. This report is the response to this ambitious charge and is essentially a work in progress, suggesting directions of effort for the
DOE Announces 12 Projects To Increase Vehicle Efficiency | Department of
Announces 12 Projects To Increase Vehicle Efficiency Announces 12 Projects To Increase Vehicle Efficiency DOE Announces 12 Projects To Increase Vehicle Efficiency February 16, 2005 - 10:16am Addthis Industry Partners to Cost-Share Funding on $175 Million in Research Projects WASHINGTON, DC -- Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman today announced the selection of projects that will increase the energy efficiency of passenger and commercial vehicles while maintaining low emissions. Twelve projects, with a total value of $175 million (50 percent, or $87.5 million contributed by the private sector) will focus on development of advanced combustion engine and waste heat recovery technologies. "Together with our private sector partners, the Department of Energy is pursuing innovative new technologies to improve vehicle fuel efficiency and
DOE Announces $14 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase Fuel
4 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase 4 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase Fuel Efficiency DOE Announces $14 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase Fuel Efficiency May 26, 2005 - 1:02pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman today announced a public-private partnership between the Department of Energy, industry and academia aimed at significantly improving the vehicle efficiency of cars and trucks through advances in technology. The partnership consists of six projects with a value including cost share of over $14 million. "Achieving the goal of increased vehicle efficiency will require a coordinated approach involving government agencies, private companies and researchers. Partnerships like this will propel innovation, and eventually lead to a day when our children and grandchildren will call the
DOE Announces $14 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase DOE Announces $14 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase Fuel Efficiency DOE Announces $14 Million Industry Partnership Projects to Increase Fuel Efficiency May 26, 2005 - 1:02pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman today announced a public-private partnership between the Department of Energy, industry and academia aimed at significantly improving the vehicle efficiency of cars and trucks through advances in technology. The partnership consists of six projects with a value including cost share of over $14 million. "Achieving the goal of increased vehicle efficiency will require a coordinated approach involving government agencies, private companies and researchers. Partnerships like this will propel innovation, and
Increases Increases System Storage and Security for Users NERSC Increases System Storage and Security for Users April 28, 2009 Franklin Upgrades Improve I/O Performance Throughout the month of March the Cray XT4 machine Franklin underwent a series of upgrades and improvements, including a major I/O upgrade. The disk capacity of the scratch file system was increased by 30% to 460 TB, and the I/O bandwidth was nearly tripled to an aggregate write performance of 32 GB/sec, compared to 11 GB/s before the upgrade. Instead of adding the new hardware to the existing scratch file system, NERSC chose to implement a second scratch file system so that Franklin now has two scratch file systems, each with a peak write bandwidth of 16 GB/sec. "We doubled the amount of I/O hardware and nearly tripled the bandwidth,
DOE Increases Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Furnaces &
DOE Increases Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Furnaces DOE Increases Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Furnaces & Boilers DOE Increases Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Furnaces & Boilers November 19, 2007 - 4:31pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced it has increased the energy efficiency standards for residential furnaces and boilers, underscoring the Department's commitment to meet its aggressive, five-year appliance standard rulemaking schedule, as established in its January 31, 2006, Report to Congress. The Department estimates that these amended standards, which become effective in 2015, will save the equivalent of the total amount of energy consumed by 2.5 million American households in one year, or approximately 0.25 quadrillion (10x15) British thermal
Benin: Increased Access to Modern Energy Project | Open Energy Information
Benin: Increased Access to Modern Energy Project Benin: Increased Access to Modern Energy Project Jump to: navigation, search Name of project Benin: Increased Access to Modern Energy Project Location of project Benin Energy Services Lighting, Cooking and water heating, Space heating, Information and communications Year initiated 2009 Organization World Bank Website http://documents.worldbank.org Coordinates 9.30769°, 2.315834° References The World Bank[1] The objective of the Increased Access to Modern Energy Project is to improve reliability, efficiency, and access to modern energy services in Benin. There are three components to the project, the first component being electrical network upgrading. This component will provide for necessary investments to allow for continued operation of the existing transmission
SBA Increases Size Standards for Waste Remediation Services &
SBA Increases Size Standards for Waste Remediation Services & SBA Increases Size Standards for Waste Remediation Services & Information/Admin Support SBA Increases Size Standards for Waste Remediation Services & Information/Admin Support December 12, 2012 - 10:22am Addthis John Hale III John Hale III Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization Earlier this week, the U.S. Small Business Administration announced that they have revised size definitions for small businesses in Administrative and Support & Waste Management and Remediation Services categories, saying these revisions "reflect changes in marketplace conditions." The new standards are published in the Federal Register. Increases to size standards will enable some growing small businesses in these sectors to retain their small business status; will give federal
Global and Local Effect of Increasing Land Surface Albedo as...
Global and Local Effect of Increasing Land Surface Albedo as a Geo-Engineering AdaptationMitigation Option: A Case Study of Mediterranean Greenhouse Farming Speaker(s): Pablo...
Research Commentary: Increasing the Flexibility of Legacy Systems
Flexibility is what people seek when striving to increase or expand economic and social choices, equity, and technological innovations. Flexibility provides the robustness needed to adjust to changes such as those arising from a warmer/colder world, ...
Barry Wellar; William L. Garrison; Ross MacKinnon; William R. Black; Arthur Getis
A Transformed Lagged Ensemble Forecasting Technique for Increasing Ensemble Size
An ensemble-based data assimilation approach is used to transform old ensemble forecast perturbations with more recent observations for the purpose of inexpensively increasing ensemble size. The impact of the transformations are propagated ...
Andrew R. Lawrence; James A. Hansen
System for increasing corona inception voltage of insulating oils
The Corona Inception Voltage of insulating oils is increased by repetitive cycles of prestressing the oil with a voltage greater than the corona inception voltage, and either simultaneously or serially removing byproducts of corona by evacuation and heating the oil.
Rohwein, Gerald J. (Albuquerque, NM)
Climate Change Institute director wants to increase information...
Climate Change Science Institute director wants to increase information Jack Fellows Jack Fellows (hi-res image) Listen to the audio OAK RIDGE, Tenn., Nov. 21, 2013 - Jack Fellows,...
Protect the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due...
Protect the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to Climate Change, Says Joint White House and Department of Energy Report Print E-mail Using Technology to Bring...
Groups > Groups > Increase Natural Gas Energy Efficiency Content Group Activity By term Q & A Feeds There are no feeds from external sites for this group. Groups Menu You must...
EIA forecasts increased oil demand, need for additional supply ...
World oil demand is forecast to increase by 1.7 million barrels per day (bbl/d) ... Cooling demand in the Middle East is expected to rise to record levels this summer.
Supporting small-scale dairy farmers in increasing milk production ...
Jul 13, 2010 ... (irrigation scheme, plant supply area, national production) while alleviating the ... The recent increase in food demand and the consequences this has for prices ..... selection and management of forage crops, design of dietary.
Increasing power of groupwise association test with likelihood ratio test
Sequencing studies have been discovering a numerous number of rare variants, allowing the identification of the effects of rare variants on disease susceptibility. As a method to increase the statistical power of studies on rare variants, several groupwise ...
Jae Hoon Sul; Buhm Han; Eleazar Eskin
Does Increasing Horizontal Resolution Produce More Skillful Forecasts?
This paper examines the impacts of increasing horizontal resolution on the performance of mesoscale numerical weather prediction models. A review of previous studies suggests that decreasing grid spacing to approximately 10 km orless generally ...
Clifford F. Mass; David Ovens; Ken Westrick; Brian A. Colle
Have Disaster Losses Increased Due to Anthropogenic Climate Change?
The increasing impact of natural disasters over recent decades has been well documented, especially the direct economic losses and losses that were insured. Claims are made by some that climate change has caused more losses, but others assert ...
Laurens M. Bouwer
Decreasing Reliability and Increasing Synchroneity of Western North American Streamflow
Assessing climate-related societal vulnerability and mitigating impacts requires timely diagnosis of the nature of regional hydrologic change. A late-twentieth-century emergent trend is discovered toward increasing year-to-year variance (...
Shaleen Jain; Martin Hoerling; Jon Eischeid
Evaluating Policies to Increase Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy
Building on a review of experience in the United States and the European Union, this article advances four main propositions concerning policies aimed at increasing electricity generation from renewable energy. First, who ...
Schmalensee, Richard
Wrapping Up: Our Conversation on Increasing Diversity in STEM...
Last week, I hosted a panel of science, technology and innovation experts for a live Google+ Hangout on increasing diversity in STEM education and the workforce. To discuss what...
Applications of Increased Power Flow Strategies for Underground Cables
In 2003, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) recognized that there were no detailed resources on the topic of increased power flow (sometimes called uprating) for underground cable systems. Transmission cables were often the focus of evaluations where utilities were seeking to get the greatest improvement in load transfer for a given investment. The 2003 EPRI report, Increased Power Flow Guidebook: Underground Cables, describes basic cable rating principles and ...
The outer-coordination sphere: incorporating amino acids and peptides as ligands for homogeneous catalysts to mimic enzyme function
Great progress has been achieved in the field of homogeneous transition metal-based catalysis, however, as a general rule these solution based catalysts are still easily outperformed, both in terms of rates and selectivity, by their analogous enzyme counterparts, including structural mimics of the active site. This observation suggests that the features of the enzyme beyond the active site, i.e. the outer-coordination sphere, are important for their exceptional function. Directly mimicking the outer-coordination sphere requires the incorporation of amino acids and peptides as ligands for homogeneous catalysts. This effort has been attempted for many homogeneous catalysts which span the manifold of catalytic reactions and often require careful thought regarding solvent type, pH and characterization to avoid unwanted side reactions or catalyst decomposition. This article reviews the current capability of synthesizing and characterizing this often difficult category of metal-based catalysts. This work was funded by the DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program through the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy.
Shaw, Wendy J.
Effect of nitrogen incorporation on improvement of leakage properties in high-k HfO{sub 2} capacitors treated by N{sub 2}-plasma
The nitrogen incorporation into the HfO{sub 2} films with an EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) of 9 A was performed by N{sub 2}-plasma to improve the electrical properties. The dielectric properties and a leakage current characteristics of the capacitors were investigated as a function of plasma power and plasma treatment temperature. The dielectric constant of the capacitors is not influenced by nitrogen incorporation. The N{sub 2}-plasma treatment at 300 deg. C and 70 W exhibits the most effective influence on improvement of the leakage current characteristics. Leakage current density of the capacitors treated at 300 deg. C and 70 W exhibits a half order of magnitude lower than that without plasma treatment. Nitrogen incorporated into the HfO{sub 2} films possesses the intrinsic effect that drastically reduce the electron leakage current through HfO{sub 2} dielectrics by deactivating the V{sub O} (oxygen vacancy) related gap states.
Seong, Nak-Jin; Yoon, Soon-Gil; Yeom, Seung-Jin; Woo, Hyun-Kyung; Kil, Deok-Sin; Roh, Jae-Sung; Sohn, Hyun-Chul [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daeduk Science Town, 305-764, Daejon (Korea, Republic of); Hynix Semiconductor Inc., San 136-1 Ami-ri Bubal-eub Icheon-si Kyoungki-do, 467-701 (Korea, Republic of)
The Potential Impact of Increased Renewable Energy Penetrations on Electricity Bill Savings from Residential Photovoltaic Systems
on spot market prices in Germany, Energy Policy, 36: 3086-energy and ancillary services, incorporating operational constraints and hourly time resolution, to determine long-term economic generation investments and resulting hourly wholesale market prices.
Barbose, Galen
Response of a Coupled Ocean�Atmosphere Model to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Sensitivity to the Rate of Increase
The influence of differing rates of increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration on the climatic response is investigated using a coupled ocean�atmosphere model. Five transient integrations are performed each using a different constant ...
Ronald J. Stouffer; Syukuro Manabe
Natural Gas - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - U.S. Energy
23, 2012 | Release Date: May 24, 23, 2012 | Release Date: May 24, 2012 | Next Release: May 31, 2012 Previous Issues Week: 01/19/2014 (View Archive) JUMP TO: In The News | Overview | Prices/Demand/Supply | Storage In the News: Natural Gas Rig Count Briefly Drops Below 600. The natural gas rotary rig count, as reported by Baker Hughes Incorporated, rose by 2 this week to 600, after falling to a 10-year low of 598 last week. After increasing modestly to 936 active rigs in the fall of 2011, the natural gas rig count has dropped sharply. The oil rig count, currently at 1,382, has generally risen steadily since 2009, largely in response to increasing crude oil prices. Natural gas rigs are currently down about 31 percent from their level at the same time last year, while oil rigs have risen by 45 percent over the
Colorado Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet)
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Colorado Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9 1970's 116 226 373 1980's 250 131 322 167 160 368 372 340 473 431 1990's 394 719 718 1,000 696 555 802 959 1,898 2,788 2000's 1,825 1,882 2,029 2,114 1,505 2,018 1,178 3,924 3,244 1,601 2010's 2,973 2,509 - = No Data Reported; -- = Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Release Date: 8/1/2013 Next Release Date: 8/1/2014 Referring Pages: Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases Colorado Dry Natural Gas Proved Reserves Dry Natural Gas Proved Reserves Revision Increases
Oklahoma Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet)
Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Oklahoma Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases (Billion Cubic Feet) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9 1970's 837 962 1,026 1980's 1,293 1,262 2,374 2,189 2,245 2,357 2,158 2,251 2,538 1,984 1990's 1,803 1,710 1,988 1,554 1,580 1,892 1,886 2,396 2,995 3,029 2000's 2,498 1,458 2,159 2,892 2,173 3,064 1,515 2,115 2,786 2,894 2010's 3,224 5,142 - = No Data Reported; -- = Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Release Date: 8/1/2013 Next Release Date: 8/1/2014 Referring Pages: Dry Natural Gas Reserves Revision Increases Oklahoma Dry Natural Gas Proved Reserves Dry Natural Gas Proved Reserves Revision Increases
Property Accountability and Protection of Federal Sensitive Unclassified Information Under the Cooperative Agreement with the Incorporated County of Los Alamos, IG-0859
Inspection Report Property Accountability and Protection of Federal Sensitive Unclassified Information Under the Cooperative Agreement with the Incorporated County of Los Alamos DOE/IG-0859 February 2012 U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inspector General Office of Audits and Inspections Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 February 17, 2012 MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY FROM Gregory H. Friedman Inspector General SUBJECT: INFORMATION: Inspection Report on "Property Accountability and Protection of Federal Sensitive Unclassified Information Under the Cooperative Agreement with the Incorporated County of Los Alamos" BACKGROUND On September 30, 2008, the National Nuclear Security Administration entered into a 5-year
Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to
Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to Climate Change Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to Climate Change August 12, 2013 - 5:25pm Addthis Transmission lines along Highway 15 outside Victorville, California. | Photo courtesy of Abby Rowling. Transmission lines along Highway 15 outside Victorville, California. | Photo courtesy of Abby Rowling. Patricia A. Hoffman Patricia A. Hoffman Assistant Secretary, Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability Jim Stock Member - White House Council of Economic Advisers EDITOR'S NOTE: This article originally appeared on WhiteHouse.gov. This week marks the tenth anniversary of one of the worst power outages in the United States, during which tens of millions of Americans were affected
West Virginia Agency Increases Staff to Meet Weatherization Needs |
West Virginia Agency Increases Staff to Meet Weatherization Needs West Virginia Agency Increases Staff to Meet Weatherization Needs West Virginia Agency Increases Staff to Meet Weatherization Needs April 2, 2010 - 11:54am Addthis Joshua DeLung In the river city of Huntington, W.Va., there exists an eclectic brand of people, ranging from college students and businessmen to steel workers and coal miners. The city sits along the banks of the Ohio River. Like other cities, though, unemployment has taken its toll. One 25-year-old resident there, Dan Hardy, has worked his entire life to make life better for others. He became unemployed for about eight months after his plumbing and auto repair jobs disappeared. He didn't have much luck finding a job until the weatherization program at Southwest Community Action Council (SCAC) in Huntington, W.Va., called him for an interview.
Worldwide Carbon Capture and Storage Projects on the Increase | Department
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DOE Award Results in Several Patents, Potential Increased Coal Recovery |
Award Results in Several Patents, Potential Increased Coal Award Results in Several Patents, Potential Increased Coal Recovery DOE Award Results in Several Patents, Potential Increased Coal Recovery February 9, 2009 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, D.C. -- A $13 million cooperative effort with the Office of Fossil Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) over the past seven years has resulted in the successful demonstration of a novel technology that addresses a problem plaguing coal operators and environmentalists alike: separating fine coal particles from water and their ultimate use as a significant energy resource. Researchers at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Va., have developed and patented an advanced technology called a hyperbaric centrifuge that can successfully remove
Effect of Increased Natural Gas Exports on Domestic Energy Markets
Effect of Increased Natural Gas Effect of Increased Natural Gas Exports on Domestic Energy Markets as requested by the Office of Fossil Energy J