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Thai cuisine is the national cuisine of Thailand. Blending elements of several Southeast Asian traditions, Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components. The spiciness of Thai cuisine is well known. As with other Asian cuisines, balance, detail and variety are of great significance to Thai chefs. Thai food is known for its balance of three to four fundamental taste senses in each dish or the overall meal: sour, sweet, salty, and bitter.[1]
As an acknowledged expert of Thai cuisine, David Thompson explains in an interview: "Thai food ain't about simplicity. It's about the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish. Like a complex musical chord it's got to have a smooth surface but it doesn't matter what's happening underneath. Simplicity isn't the dictum here, at all. Some westerners think it's a jumble of flavours, but to a Thai that's important, it's the complexity they delight in."[2]
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Thai cuisine is more accurately described as four regional cuisines corresponding to the four main regions of the country: Northern, Northeastern (or Isan), Central, and Southern, each cuisine sharing similar foods or foods derived from those of neighboring countries and regions: Burma to the northwest, the Chinese province of Yunnan and Laos to the north, Vietnam and Cambodia to the east and Malaysia to the south of Thailand.[3][4][5] In addition to these four regional cuisines, there is also the Thai Royal Cuisine which can trace its history back to the cosmopolitan palace cuisine of the Ayutthaya kingdom (1351–1767 CE). Its refinement, cooking techniques and use of ingredients were of great influence to the cuisine of the Central Thai plains.[6][7][8] Western influences from the 17th century CE onwards have also led to dishes such as foi thong and sangkhaya.[9]
Thai cuisine and the culinary traditions and cuisines of Thailand's neighbors have mutually influenced one another over the course of many centuries. Regional variations tend to correlate to neighboring states (often sharing the same cultural background and ethnicity on both sides of the border) as well as climate and geography. Southern Thai curry tend to contain coconut milk and fresh turmeric, while northeastern dishes often include lime juice. The cuisine of Northeastern (or Isan) Thailand is similar to southern Lao cuisine whereas northern Thai cuisine shares many dishes with northern Lao cuisine and the cuisine of Shan state in Burma. Many popular dishes eaten in Thailand were originally Chinese dishes which were introduced to Thailand mainly by the Teochew people who make up the majority of the Thai Chinese.[10][11] Such dishes include chok (rice porridge), kuai-tiao rat na (fried rice-noodles) and khao kha mu (stewed pork with rice). The Chinese also introduced the use of a wok for cooking, the technique of deep-frying and stir-frying dishes, and noodles, oyster sauce and soybean products.[12] Dishes such as kaeng kari (yellow curry)[13] and kaeng matsaman (massaman curry) are Thai adaptations of dishes originating in the cuisine of India and the cuisine of Persia. [14][15]
Thai cuisine only became well-known worldwide from the 1960s onwards, when Thailand became a destination for international tourism and American troops arrived in large numbers during the Vietnam War period. Never before had so many foreigners been exposed to Thai cuisine. To illustrate this appreciation of Thai cuisine: the number of Thai restaurants went up from four in 1970s London to between two and three hundred in less than 25 years. One survey held in 2003 by the Kellogg School of Management and Sasin Institute showed that Thai cuisine ranked 4th when people were asked to name an ethnic cuisine, after Italian, French and Chinese cuisine. When asked "what is your favourite cuisine?", Thailand's cuisine came in at 6th place, behind the three aforementioned cuisines, and Indian and Japanese cuisine.[16]
Two restaurants specialising in Thai cuisine have received Michelin stars: "Nahm" in London, run by David Thompson received its star in 2002, and "Kiin Kiin" in Copenhagen, run by chef Henrik Yde-Andersen and Lertchai Treetawatchaiwong, received its in 2009. Currently, "Kiin Kiin" is the only Thai restaurant with a Michelin star.
In 2011, the prestigious James Beard Foundation Award for Best Chef in Northwestern United States, was presented to Andy Ricker of restaurant "Pok Pok" in Portland, Oregon, and for Best Chef in Southwestern United States to Saipin Chutima of restaurant "Lotus of Siam" in Las Vegas.
In the list of the "World's 50 most delicious foods", compiled by CNN in 2011, som tam stands at place 46, nam tok mu at 19, tom yam kung on 8, and massaman curry stands on first place as most delicious food in the world.[17] In a reader's poll held a few months later by CNN, mu nam tok came in on place 36, Thai fried rice at 24, green curry stands on 19, massaman curry on place 10, and Thai som tam, pad Thai and tom yam kung hold places 6, 5 and 4.[18]
Thai meals typically consist of a single dish if eating alone, or rice (khao in Thai) with many complementary dishes served concurrently and shared by all. It is customary to serve more dishes than there are guests at a table.
Thai food was traditionally eaten with the right hand[19][20] while seated on mats or carpets on the floor as still happens in the more traditional households. It is now generally eaten with a fork and a [[spoon]. Tables and chairs were introduced as part of the Westernization during the reign of King Mongkut, Rama IV. The use of fork and spoon were introduced by King Chulalongkorn after his return from a tour of Europe in 1897 CE.[21] The fork, held in the left hand, is used to push food into the spoon. The spoon is then brought to the mouth. A traditional ceramic spoon is sometimes used for soup. Knives are not generally used at the table. Chopsticks are used primarily for eating noodle soups, but not otherwise used.
It is common practice for Thais and hill tribe peoples in north and northeast Thailand to use sticky rice as an edible implement by shaping it into small, and sometimes flattened, balls by hand which are then dipped into side dishes and eaten. Thai-Muslims frequently eat meals with only their right hands.
Thai food is often served with a variety of sauces (nam chim) and condiments. These may include phrik nam pla/nam pla phrik (consisting of fish sauce, lime juice, chopped chilies and garlic), dried chili flakes, sweet chili sauce, sliced chili peppers in rice vinegar, sriracha sauce, or a spicy chili sauce or paste called nam phrik. In most Thai restaurants, diners can find a selection of Thai condiments, often including sugar or MSG, available on the dining table in small containers with tiny spoons. With certain dishes, such as khao kha mu (pork trotter stewed in soy sauce and served with rice), whole Thai peppers and raw garlic are served in addition. Cucumber is sometimes eaten to cool the mouth after particularly spicy dishes. They often also feature as a garnish, especially with one-dish meals. The plain rice, sticky rice or the khanom chin (Thai rice noodles) served alongside a spicy Thai curry or stir-fry, tends to counteract the spiciness.
A Thai family meal will normally consist of rice with several dishes which form a harmonious contrast of ingredients and preparation methods. The dishes, also soups, are all served at the same time.[22][23] A meal at a restaurant for four people could, for instance, consist of fish in dry red curry (chuchi pla), a spicy green papaya salad with dried prawns, tomatoes, yardlong beans and peanuts (som tam thai), deep fried stuffed chicken wings (pik kai sot sai thot), a salad of grilled beef, shallots and celery or mint (yam nuea yang), spicy stir fried century eggs with crispy-fried holy basil (khai yiao ma phat kraphao krop), and a non-spicy vegetable soup with tofu and seaweed (tom chuet taohu kap sarai) to temper it all.
Thailand has about the same surface area as Spain and a length of approximately 1650 kilometers or 1025 miles (Italy, in comparison, is about 1250 kilometers or 775 miles long), with foothills of the Himalayas in the north, a high plateau in the northeast, a verdant river basin in the centre and tropical rainforests and islands in the south. And with over 40 distinct ethnic groups with each their own culture and even more languages,[24] it doesn't come as a surprise that Thai cuisine, as a whole, is extremely varied and features many different ingredients and ways of preparing food. Thai food is known for its enthusiastic use of fresh (rather than dried) herbs and spices. Common herbs include cilantro, lemongrass, Thai basils and mint. Some other common flavors in Thai food come from ginger, galangal, tamarind, turmeric, garlic, soy beans, shallots, white and black peppercorn, kaffir lime and, of course, chilies.
The ingredients found in almost all Thai dishes and every region of the country is nam pla, a very aromatic and strong tasting fish sauce. Fish sauce is a staple ingredient in Thai cuisine and imparts a unique character to Thai food. Fish sauce is prepared with fermented fish that is made into a fragrant condiment and provides a salty flavor. There are many varieties of fish sauce and many variations in the way it is prepared. Some fish may be fermented with shrimp and/or spices.
Pla ra is also a sauce made from fermented fish. It is more pungent than nam pla, and, in contrast to nam pla which is a clear liquid, it is opaque and often contains pieces of fish. To use it in som tam (spicy papaya salad) is a matter of choice.
Kapi, Thai shrimp paste, is a combination of fermented ground shrimp and salt. It is used, for instance, in red curry paste, in the famous chili paste called nam phrik kapi and in rice dishes such as khao khluk kapi.
Nam phrik are Thai chilli pastes, similar to the Indonesian and Malaysian sambals. Each region has its own special versions. The words "nam phrik" are used by Thais to describe many pastes containing chilies used for dipping, although the more watery version tend to be called nam chim. Thai curry pastes are normally called phrik kaeng or khrueang kaeng (lit. curry ingredients) but some people also use the word nam phrik to designate a curry paste. Red curry paste, for instance, could be called phrik kaeng phet or khrueang kaeng phet in Thai, but also nam phrik kaeng phet. Both nam phrik and phrik kaeng are prepared by crushing together chillies with various ingredients such as garlic and shrimp paste using a mortar and pestle. Some nam phrik are served as a dip with vegetables such as cucumbers, cabbage and yard-long beans, either raw or blanched. One such paste is nam phrik num, a paste of pounded fresh green chilies, shallots, garlic and coriander leaves. The sweet roasted chili paste called nam phrik phao is often used as an ingredient in Tom yam or when frying meat or seafood, and it is also popular as a spicy "jam" on bread. The dry nam phrik kung, made with pounded dried prawns (kung haeng, Thai: กุ้งแห้ง), is often eaten with rice and a few slices of cucumber.
The soy sauces which are used in Thai cuisine are of Chinese origin and the Thai names for them are (wholly or partially) loanwords from the Teochew language: si-io dam (dark soy sauce), si-io khao (light soy sauce), and taochiao (fermented whole soy beans). Namman hoi (oyster sauce) is also of Chinese origin. It is used extensively in vegetable and meat stir-fries.
Rice is a staple grain of Thai cuisine, as in most Asian cuisines. The highly prized, sweet-smelling jasmine rice is indigenous to Thailand. This naturally aromatic long-grained rice grows in abundance in the verdant patchwork of paddy fields that blanket Thailand's central plains. Steamed rice is accompanied by highly aromatic curries, stir-fries and other dishes, sometimes incorporating large quantities of chili peppers, lime juice and lemongrass/maenglak. Curries, stir-fries and others may be poured onto the rice creating a single dish called khao rat kaeng (Thai: ข้าวราดแกง), a popular meal when time is limited. Sticky rice (khao niao) is a unique variety of rice that contains an unusual balance of the starches present in all rice, causing it to cook up to a sticky texture. Sticky rice, not jasmine rice, is the staple food in the local cuisines of Northern Thailand and of Isan (Northeastern Thailand), both regions of Thailand directly adjacent to Laos with which they share this, and many other cultural traits.
Noodles are popular as well but usually come as a single dish, like the stir-fried phat thai or in the form of a noodle soup. Many Chinese dishes have been adapted to suit Thai taste, such as kuai-tiao ruea (a sour and spicy rice noodle soup). In Northern Thailand, khao soi, a curry soup with bami (egg noodles), is extremely popular in Chiang Mai.
Noodles are usually made from either rice flour, wheat flour or mung bean flour and include six main types. Rice noodles are called kuai tiao in Thailand and comes in three varieties: sen yai are wide flat noodles, sen lek are thin flat rice noodles, and sen mi (also known as rice vermicelli in the West) is round and thin. Bami is made from egg and wheat flour and usually sold fresh. It is similar to the Chinese mee pok and lamian. Wun sen are extremely thin noodles made from mung bean flour which are sold dried. They are called cellophane noodles in English. Khanom chin is fresh Thai rice vermicelli made from fermented rice, well-known from dishes such as khanom chin kaeng khiao wan kai (rice noodles with green chicken curry).
Rice flour (paeng khao chao) and tapioca flour (paeng man sampalang) are often used in desserts and as thickening.
Thai dishes use a wide variety of herbs, spices and leaves rarely found in the West, such as kaffir lime leaves (bai makrut). The characteristic flavor of kaffir lime leaves appears in nearly every Thai soup (e.g., the hot and sour Tom yam) or curry from the southern and central areas of Thailand. The Thai lime (manao) is smaller, darker and sweeter than the kaffir lime, which has a rough looking skin with a stronger lime flavor. Kaffir lime leaves are frequently combined with garlic (krathiam), galangal (kha), lemongrass (takhrai) and/or Thai lemon basil (maenglak), turmeric (khamin) and/or fingerroot (krachai), blended together with liberal amounts of various chillies to make curry paste. Fresh Thai basils are also used to add spice and fragrance in certain dishes such as Green curry, of which kraphao has a distinctive scent of clove and leaves which are often tipped with a maroon color. Further often used herbs in Thai cuisine include phak chi, (cilantro or coriander), rak phak chi (cilantro/coriander roots), culantro (phak chi farang), spearmint (saranae), and pandanus leaves (bai toei). Other spices and spice mixtures in Thai cuisine include phong phalo (five-spice powder), phong kari (curry powder), and fresh and dried peppercorns (phrik thai)
Besides kaffir lime leaves, several other tree leaves are use in Thai cuisine such as cha-om, the young feathery leaves of the Acacia pennata tree, used cooked in omelettes, soups and curries and raw in salads of the Northern Thai cuisine. Banana leaves are often used as packaging for ready-made food or as steamer cups such as in ho mok pla, a spicy steamed paté or soufflé made with fish and coconut milk. Banana flowers are also used in Thai salads or minced and deep fried in to patties. The leaves and flowers of the neem tree (sadao) are also eaten blanched.
Five main chilies are generally used as ingredients in Thai food. One chili is very small (about 1.25 centimetres (0.49 in)) and is known as the hottest chili: phrik khi nu suan ("garden mouse-dropping chili"). The slightly larger chili phrik khi nu ("mouse-dropping chili") is the next hottest. The green or red phrik chi fa ("sky pointing chili") is slightly less spicy that the smaller chilies. The very large phrik yuak, which is pale green in color, is the least spicy and used more as a vegetable. Lastly, the dried chilies: phrik haeng are spicier than the two largest chilies and dried to a dark red color.
Other typical ingredients are the several types of eggplant (makhuea) used in Thai cuisine, such as the pea-sized makhuea phuang and the egg-sized makhuea suai, often also eaten raw. Although broccoli is often used in Asian restaurants in the west in phat thai and rat na, it was never actually used in any traditional Thai food in Thailand and is still rarely seen in Thailand. Usually in Thailand, khana is used, for which broccoli is a substitute. Other vegetables which are often eaten in Thailand are thua fak yao (yardlong beans), thua ngok (bean sprouts), no mai (bamboo shoots), tomatoes, cucumbers, phak tam leung (Coccinia grandis), kha na (Chinese kale), phak kwangtung (choy sum), cha om (tender Acacia pennata leaves), sweet potatoes (used more as a vegetable), a few types of squash, phakatin (Leucaena leucocephala), sataw (Parkia speciosa), tua phū (Winged beans) and kapōt corn.
Among the green leafy vegetables that are usually eaten raw in the meal or as a side dish in Thailand, the most important are: Phak bung (morning-glory), hōrapha (Thai basil), bai bua bok (Asian pennywort), phak kachēt (water mimosa), phak kat khao (Chinese cabbage), kra thin Thai (ipil-ipil), phak phai (Praew leaves), phak kayang (Rice Paddy Herb), phak chī farang (Eryngium foetidum), phak tiu (Cratoxylum formosum), phak "phaai" (Yellow Burr Head) and kalampī (cabbage).[25] Some of these leaves are highly perishable and must be used within a couple of days.
Several types of mushroom (het) also feature in Thai cuisine such as straw mushrooms (het fang) and white jelly fungus (het hu nu khao).[26]
Fruit forms a large part of the Thai diet and are customarily served after a meal. Although many of the exotic fruits of Thailand may have been sometimes unavailable in Western countries, many Asian markets import such fruits as rambutan and lychees. In Thailand one can find papaya, jackfruit, mango, mangosteen, langsat, longan, pomelo, pineapple, rose apples, durian and other native fruits. Chantaburi in Thailand each year holds the World Durian Festival in early May. This single province is responsible for half of the durian production of Thailand and a quarter of the world production.[27][28][29]
The fruit of the tamarind is used to make sour dishes, and palm sugar, made from the sap of certain Borassus palms, is used to sweeten dishes. From the coconut palm comes coconut sugar, coconut vinegar, and coconut milk. The juice of a green coconut can be served as a drink and the young flesh can be eaten.[citation needed]
Apples, grapes, pears and strawberries, which do not traditionally grow in Thailand, have become increasingly popular in recent years.[when?] They are being grown locally in the cooler highlands and mountains of Thailand, mainly in the North, but now most are imported from China.[citation needed]
Many Thai dishes are familiar in the West. In the many dishes below, different kinds of protein, or combinations of protein, can be chosen as ingredients, such as beef (nuea, Thai: เนื้อ), chicken (kai, Thai: ไก่), pork (mu, Thai: หมู), duck (pet, Thai: เป็ด), tofu (taohu, Thai: เต้าหู้) or seafood (ahan thale, Thai: อาหารทะเล).
Thai cuisine does not have very specific breakfast dishes. Very often, a Thai breakfast can consist of the same dishes which are also eaten for lunch or dinner. Fried rice, noodle soups and steamed rice with something simple such as an omelette, fried pork or chicken, are commonly sold from street stalls as a quick take-out. The following dishes are viewed as being specific breakfast dishes but they can also be eaten at any other moment of the day:[30][31]
The cuisine of Northeastern Thailand generally feature dishes similar to those found in Laos, as Isan people historically have close ties with Lao culture and speak a language that is generally mutually intelligible with the Lao language.
Most Thai meals finish with fresh fruit but sometimes a sweet snack will be served as a dessert.
Other alcoholic beverages from Thailand include Mekhong whisky and Sang Som. Several brands of beer are brewed in Thailand, the two biggest brands being Singha and Chang.
Certain insects are also eaten in Thailand, especially in Isan and in the North. Many markets in Thailand feature stalls which sell deep-fried grasshoppers, crickets (chingrit, Thai: จิ้งหรีด), bee larvae, silkworm (non mai, Thai: หนอนไหม), ant eggs (khai mot, Thai: ไข่มด) and termites. The culinary creativity even extends to naming: one tasty larva, which is also known under the name "bamboo worm" (non mai phai, Thai: หนอนไม้ไผ่, Omphisa fuscidentalis),[35] is colloquially called "express train" (rot duan; Thai: รถด่วน) due to its appearance.
Most of the insects taste fairly bland when deep-fried, somewhat like popcorn and prawns. But when deep-fried together with kaffir lime leaves, chilies and garlic, the insects become an excellent snack to go with a drink. In contrast to the bland taste of most of these insects, the maeng da or maelong da na (Thai: แมลงดานา, Lethocerus indicus) has been described as having a very penetrating taste, similar to that of a very ripe gorgonzola cheese. This giant water bug is famously used in a chili dip called nam phrik maengda. Some insects, such as ant eggs and silk worms, are also eaten boiled in a soup in Isan, or used in omelets in northern Thailand.
Although a vegetarian festival is celebrated each year by a portion of Thailand's population, and many restaurants in Thailand will offer vegetarian food during this festival period, pure vegetarian food is normally difficult to find in Thailand. All traditionally made Thai curries, for instance, contain shrimp paste, and fish sauce is used as salt in nearly all Thai dishes. Meat dishes are also commonly part of the alms offered to Buddhist monks in Thailand as vegetarianism is not considered obligatory in Theravada Buddhism; but having an animal killed specifically to feed Buddhist monks is prohibited.[36][37]
Traditional Thai vegetarian fare, without any meat or seafood products of any kind and also excluding certain strong tasting vegetables and spices, is sold at specialised vegetarian restaurants which can be recognised by a yellow sign with the word che (Thai: เจ; IPA: [tɕeː]; lit. "vegetarian") written on it in red. These restaurants serve what can be regarded as vegan food. Many Indian restaurants of the sizeable Thai-Indian community will also have vegetarian dishes on offer, due to the fact that vegetarianism is held as an ideal by many followers of the Hindu faith. Indian vegetarian cuisine can incorporate dairy products and honey. Due to the increased demand for vegetarian food from foreign tourists, many hotels, guesthouses and restaurants that cater to foreign tourists, will now also have vegetarian versions of Thai dishes on their menu. Pescatarians would have very few problems with Thai cuisine due to the abundance of Thai dishes which only contain fish and seafood.[38][39][40][41][42]
Culinary tours of Thailand have gained popularity in recent years. Alongside other forms of tourism in Thailand, food tours have carved a niche for themselves. Many companies offer culinary and cooking tours of Thailand and many tourists visiting Thailand attend cooking courses offered by hotels, guesthouses and cooking schools.
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text: What you guys going to do to reward yourself for hitting your goals?? I will have several mini goals lol. My first goal is one pound away but I bought this fab one shoulder red banded dress. It is HOT!!! The only issue is that I still kinda look lumpy from the back around my bra and love handles.So after I hit my next 10 pound mini goal I should be able to wear this. Best part is that I got it from Tj maxx for 19.99!! I am thinking the next goal I might get some really cute shoes to match! What are you guys doing??

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Pages 1003-1005
Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1638-1842. Originally published by Edinburgh Printing & Publishing Co, Edinburgh, 1843.
This free content was digitised by double rekeying. All rights reserved.
Table of contents
The principal acts of the general assembly, convened at Edinburgh, May 22, 1828.
I. Sess. 1, May 22, 1828.—The King's Commission to James Ochoncar Lord Forbes produced, and ordered to be recorded.
II. Sess. 1, May 22, 1828.—The King's most gracious Letter to the General Assembly, presented to them by his Majesty's Commissioner.
III. Sess. 3, May 24, 1828.—The General Assembly's Answer to the King's most gracious Letter.
May it please your Majesty, &c.
IV. Sess. 9, May 31, 1828.—Commission of the General Assembly to certain Ministers and Ruling Elders for discussing Affairs referred to them.
V. Sess. 9, May 31, 1828.—Commission to some Ministers and Ruling Elders for the Reformation of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, and for Managing his Majesty's Royal Bounty to that end.
VI. Sess. 10, May 31, 1828.—Overture and Interim Act relating to Students residing beyond the Bounds of this Church, before their entrance on the Study of Divinity.
VII. Sess. ult., June 2, 1828.—Report of the Committee of Assembly on the Returns of Presbyteries as to Schools.
The General Assembly, having heard this report, approve thereof, direct the clerks to insert the same in the printed Acts; and instruct Presbyteries to send returns, taking for their model the schedules formerly printed and circulated.
1. That returns appear from forty Presbyteries, a list of which will be found appended. That thirty-eight Presbyteries having omitted to send up returns, and this neglect having become habitual with many of them, it is for the Assembly to consider in what manner the repeated and salutary orders of the Supreme Ecclesiastical Court ought to be enforced. Your committee think it would be necessary to send copies of the printed form to each of these Presbyteries, which, if accompanied by a renewed order specially sent to them, it is humbly thought would have the effect.
2. As no less than seventeen out of the forty returns of this year are on common paper, and this mode of preparing them causes much trouble to the clerks, and is also less uniform and satisfactory, your committee hope that the Assembly will be pleased to authorise printed forms to be issued to the members of Presbyteries who may call for them, or to the clerks who may send an application for this purpose; and that in the event of any more being printed, a column be left, as formerly ordered, for the population, to be compared with the numbers of scholars. One printed report to be made up for each presbytery, duly attested.
3. That regular and most interesting reports have come up from Aberdeen, Arbroath, Ayr, Brechin, Cupar, Mull, St Andrews, and various other Presbyteries, and that, in general, these embrace not only the parish, but also the other schools in their bounds, which are supported by the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge, the Gaelic School Society, the Committee of the General Assembly, the Inverness Education Society and its auxiliaries, the Society in Glasgow, the funds mortified for that purpose, and the sums contributed by the benevolence and patriotism of individuals.
4. That, from the aspect of these returns, compared with the extent and population of nearly as many Presbyteries, who have omitted to send in reports, it appears to your committee that there are at present under the superintendence of the General Assembly, and the inspection of Presbyteries in their committees, above 5000 schools in all, containing above 250,000 scholars; and that hardly any thing can be more salutary than the moral and religious influence of an engine so extensive, and so well directed, which, with an energy even more increased of late than the augmenting population of Scotland, has been directed to the promoting of literature and science, with sound principles and habits, and all the best interests of the kingdom.
5. That your committee think it their duty to observe, that, in the remote and desolate parish of Lochs, in the Presbytery of Lewis, the report bears, that still there is no parish school erected, a circumstance which must now also deprive the people of any school from the Assembly's committee. That, in many Presbyteries, a number of the teachers have not yet qualified to Government, by taking the Oath of Allegiance before any magistrate. That the teachers ought also to qualify, by subscribing the Confession of Faith before the Presbytery, and signing the Formula, 1694. That a number of the parish teachers have been allowed only the minimum salary, and that others possess too little, and far too mean accommodation in school-houses and dwelling-houses; and that now when, by the Act, 1803, an augmentation falls to be made to the salaries of parish teachers, if landholders are pleased to give liberal attention to these objects, it may raise the character of that useful order of men, instead of depressing it, and withering the salutary influence of their labours, by leaving them so meanly endowed and accommodated as many now are.
6. Your committee are bound in duty to notice the fact, that no scholars attend the parish school of Balmerino, which, to a parish containing 965 souls, must be very highly injurious; and, in thus noticing it, your committee hope that their doing so may tend, in some degree, to correct an evil, for which, in the report, no reason is assigned.
7. That though the Episcopal teachers in Montrose made opposition to the Presbytery's committees of examination some years ago, for which an apology was made
at the bar of this House, the schools there are now regularly visited and reported
from year to year; and even the schools at New Lanark are not only open for exa
mination, but the Scriptures are daily read in them, through the Christian prudence
and attention of the minister of Lanark. That the report from Aberdeen bears, that
religious instruction is given in the ancient and flourishing High School of the New
City, where 204 scholars are learning Latin, and 80 are learning Greek, and that
your countenance and influence, it is humbly hoped, may induce other classical
schools to follow so good an example. That, in general, the number of scholars are
increasing in the numerous seminaries; an instance being reported from the academy
at Ayr, as containing 578 scholars, and being also an excellent and thriving institution.
Wm. Singer, Convener.
List of Presbyteries who have sent up Returns of Examination of the Schools in
5 Annan,
10 Chirnside,
15 Dundee,
20 Garioch,
25 Kirkcudbright,
30 Linlithgow,
35 Penpont,
St Andrews,
St Andrews,
40 Strathbogie,
And in Dunblane, for
parish of Klimadock.
VIII. Sess. ult., June 2, 1828.—Act appointing the Diet of the next General Assembly.
The next General Assembly of this National Church is to be held within the New Church Aisle of Edinburgh, on Thursday, the 21st day of May 1829.
Extracted from the Records of the General Assembly, by
John Lee, Cl. Eccl. Scot.


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Reviewed Big Jim's - Big Jim's Meatballs
Dec 29, 2010 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"These meatballs are EXCELLENT! Easy to prepare, great for freezing and they taste GREAT! I use them as appetizers for get togethers. The only changes I make are: 1) I use 3/4 cup breadcrumbs and 1/3 romano cheese, and, 2) I did NOT let them sit for 15 minutes to soak up the juices (I find when you do that it makes them too greasy, but just personal..."
Reviewed Spinach and Potato Frittata
Dec 15, 2010 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"I'll preface this review by stating that I don't often give reviews, ratings, opinions, and the like. In fact, I had to create an account on this site in order to review this dish.
In any event, this dish was ABSOLUTELY WONDERFUL! Not only were the melange of flavours in this dish made for a culinary delight, it was so easy..."


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Goddess bless Robyn Pennacchia at Death and Taxes for allowing us to tune into her heart song as she transcended into the cosmic abyss of Free People's "Spirituality Shop." Free People, for those not in the know, is a clothing and accessories brand. Their stores look like your worst Coachella nightmare. Desperately seeking a pair of crochet pants and a feathered headpiece for some godawful reason? Free People has it ALL. It is also, as Robyn informs us, where you should go if you're looking to spend mad dough on adding some faux spiritual ephemera to your life. Like these $68 cosmic sticks (left). They are cosmic because, uh, they have a crystal attached to them with embroidery thread, I guess? Keep reading »
Zergnet: Simply Irresistible
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Good News Translation (GNT) | New International Version (NIV) |
20 He has not done this for other nations; they do not know his laws. Praise the Lord! | 20 He has done this for no other nation; they do not know his laws. Praise the LORD. |
Scripture taken from the Good News Translation - Second Edition, Copyright 1992 by American Bible Society. Used by Permission. (The Good News Translation - The Holy Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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Welcome to Smogon! Check out the Smogon Starters Hangout for everything you need to know about starting out in the community. Don't forget to introduce yourself in the Introduction and Hangout Thread, too!
Welcome to Smogon Forums! Please take a minute to read the rules.
Glaceon Anyone?
Discussion in 'BW NU' started by bobbyvaporeon, Feb 12, 2013.


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Promotion Terms & Conditions
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sb |
Written by Jon Sundquist |
Sunday, 07 July 2013 18:49 |
Mudholes galore on west side. However, most of the trail is not uniformly muddy. Mudholes will deepen with use, but probably won't lengthen. Get out and ride before it rains again. Just don't ride through, not around the mudholes! |


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The Impact of Organizational Factors on Psychological Needs and Their Relations with Well-Being
- Nicolas Gillet,
- Evelyne Fouquereau,
- Jacques Forest,
- Paul Brunault,
- Philippe Colombat
- … show all 5 hide
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Get AccessAbstract
The purpose of the present research was to examine the relationships between perceived organizational support, perceptions of supervisor's interpersonal style, psychological need satisfaction and need thwarting, and hedonic and eudaemonic well-being.
In Study 1 (n = 468), we tested a model in which workers' perceived organizational support and their perceptions of their supervisor autonomy support independently predicted satisfaction of the workers' needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which in turn predicted aspects of hedonic and eudaemonic well-being. In Study 2 (n = 650), workers' perceptions of supervisor controlling behaviors and need thwarting were added to the hypothesized model tested in Study 1. Scales of work satisfaction and positive affect were used to assess hedonic well-being, and a scale of psychological well-being was used to assess eudaemonic well-being.
Perceived organizational support and supervisors' interpersonal style related to basic need satisfaction (Studies 1 and 2) and need thwarting (Study 2). In turn, need satisfaction predicted higher levels of hedonic and eudaemonic well-being, while need thwarting was negatively associated with hedonic and eudaemonic well-being.
The present results underscore the importance of understanding the mechanisms through which organizations and managers related to workers' hedonic and eudaemonic well-being.
This is the first research to provide evidence for the mediating role of need satisfaction and need thwarting in the relationships between perceived organizational support, perceptions of supervisor's interpersonal style, and hedonic and eudaemonic well-being. The present results were obtained in two samples of employees from various small to large companies.
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- Gagné, M., Forest, J., Gilbert, M.-H., Aubé, C., Morin, E., & Malorni, A. (2010). The Motivation at Work Scale: Validation evidence in two languages. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70, 628–646. CrossRef
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- Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2008). Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory. The European Health Psychologist, 10, 2–5.
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- Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the work-related basic need satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 981–1002. CrossRef
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- Title
- The Impact of Organizational Factors on Psychological Needs and Their Relations with Well-Being
- Journal
Journal of Business and Psychology
Volume 27, Issue 4 , pp 437-450
- Cover Date
- 2012-12-01
- 10.1007/s10869-011-9253-2
- Print ISSN
- 0889-3268
- Online ISSN
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Perceived organizational support
- Interpersonal style
- Need satisfaction
- Need thwarting
- Hedonic and eudaemonic well-being
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Nicolas Gillet (1)
- Evelyne Fouquereau (1)
- Jacques Forest (2)
- Paul Brunault (1)
- Philippe Colombat (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Psychologie des Âges de la Vie E.A. 2114, Département de Psychologie, UFR Arts et Sciences Humaines, Université François Rabelais – Tours, 3, Rue des Tanneurs, 37041, Tours Cedex 1, France
- 2. Département d'Organisation et Ressources Humaines, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada


text:
- Available
- Unavailable
Durham Farmhouse Rental Rates
- $600/week; $2000/month
- US Dollars
- $600/week
- $2000/month
Sleeps | 4 |
Bedrooms | 2 |
Bathrooms | 2 |
Property type | farmhouse |
Minimum Stay | nights |
This historic 1840's farmhouse is fully updated with beautiful light and stunning views of the Catskill mountains. It is a perfect spot for families or couples. There is a large open modern kitchen/dining area with a wood burning stove, a comfortable living room with two couches, a large stone fireplace, and hardwood floors throughout the house. The downstairs bedroom has 2 twin beds and adjoins a full bathroom with a shower and tub. The master bedroom upstairs is a romantic loft-like space with sky lights, a king size bed and a full bathroom with tub/shower and jacuzzi. There is internet, dvd player, new furnace, modern plumbing, and a washer/dryer. Linens are provided, as well as all house kitchen appliances. There is a stone sitting area in back and a stone porch perched a few steps up the hill with a built-in grill.
The house is 7 minutes from Ski Windham and 15 minutes from Hunter Mountain. There is skiing, golf, swimming, fishing, hiking and biking minutes away. There are antique stores, dining, art galleries and shopping nearby. It is a great location for a ski vacation without the noisy crowds, a family trip to enjoy the spectacular fall colors, or a romantic getaway for couples. Natural beauty, quiet neighbors, excellent location and breathtaking views make this charming farmhouse a place you'll want to return to. It's an ideal place to create beautiful memories with loved ones and friends.
7 minutes to Ski Windham
15 minutes to Hunter Mountain
15 minutes to East Durham Irish Festivals & Arts
Art galleries and antique stores minutes away
Swimming holes and lakes nearby


text:
4 letters of comment by Denny Dukes, Joe Dolan, Ian W. Brown, Deeb Allen Ghannoum.
"Stan's Soapbox"; "February Cool-ometer"; miscellaneous news items, plus Spider-Man illustration.
House Advertisement (One-Pager) for Marvel Comics Series (subscription page with Iron Man and Thor illustrations).
Total of 8 one-page and 1 two-page advertisements for: Bettlejuice (Gameboy, Nintendo), Get all the action (trading cards, Score), Classic Marvel T's (t-shirts, MRI Corporation), The Rocket (trading cards, Fleer, 2 pages), James Bond Jr. (books, Puffin Books), Uncanny X-Men (trading cards, Impel), Dungeons & Dragons (role playing game, TSR), Big Shots Series II (trading cards, Impel), Forgotten Realms (role-playing game, TSR).


text:
Welcome to the School of Management & Governance
Let the Murdoch School of Management and Governance provide you with the knowledge, skills and insights to contribute to our rapidly evolving global society.
With a strong research and a multi-disciplinary focus in management, marketing, economics, finance, accounting, sustainability and politics, the School's qualified and dedicated specialists can help launch your career or enhance your professional experiences.
As assessed by Hobsons MBA Guide in 2013, our MBA graduates receive the highest increase in salary and the MBA has the highest percentage of women in the program in Australia.
From Chinese Business to our internationally respected Human Resource Management course, the School of Management and Governance offers an inclusive and highly flexible environment to support your learning needs, including after-hours classes and flexible study options.
ARC Fellow's policy contribution to Korea-Australia FTA Inquiry
Date Posted: 3rd November 2014
Dr Jeffrey Wilson of the Asia Research Centre has played a key role in policy formulation during the recent Commonwealth Senate Inquiry into the Korea-Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA).
Our disciplines
Learn about the disciplines that make up the School of Management and Governance.
Our courses
View our courses in commerce, the humanities, international studies and sustainability.
Our staff
Meet the staff from the School, find out more about them and view their profiles.


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Happy Sunday! This is a great one
for historical fans as Lloyd has
been getting really excited about
Romans and Ancient History
and loving the idea of wargaming
in not only the heyday of the
Roman Empire but also in it's
first early years too.
We're back with another bumper
episode of The Weekender
where we're kicking things
off by checking out the new
Harlequins that have popped up
from Games Workshop for
Warhammer 40,000. As well
as that a whole bunch of Eldar
arrived in the studio!
Wolsung Stratagems: Mistwalker Ability
2 days ago 3Łukasz Perzanowski from Micro Art Studio and Warren look at how to use the Mistwalker Ability in this cool Steampunk style game.
Wolsung Stratagems XLBS: Mr Cheng's Blood Magic
2 days ago 1In our XLBS episode Łukasz from Micro Art Studio walks Warren through some cool things Mr Cheng of the Triad of Lotus Dragon can do with his Blood Magic.
The Signal: Batman (Miniatures Game) Begins!
2 days ago 16We kick things off and dive into the downtrodden world of Batman's Gotham with The Signal! This new series will take a look at the Batman Miniatures Game from Knight Models and we're starting off with an overview of this ace skirmish game…
We had a Google Hangout chat with Alessio Cavatore to talk about his upcoming Terminator Genisys Miniatures Game and got some of your questions answered. [Updated with On Demand Video!]
So Duncan Rhodes has shown you how to paint a Necron Overlord and now he's going to show you what to do with the rank and file as he paints up a Necron Warrior from Games Workshop for Warhammer 40,000…
Games Workshop sit down Duncan Rhodes again today to have a look at the Necron Overlord and tell us how to paint this long dead leader for Warhammer 40,000…
We're back with another series of 3 Colours Up
and this time the master painter Romain will
be showing off how to paint up the
skin tones of all creeds, colours and nations!
It's all go today! Lloyd is gearing up to test out our new event coverage system, Warren has caught the plague, but is soldiering on to get the Dropzone Commander Boot Camp Weekend up and running while Justin and John have been in the studio filming away and having more thoughts on Bolt Action.
After a few months of being badgered about it I finally cracked and started to play some games of Malifaux by Wyrd Miniatures. I think I might have been bitten by the bug! See what my first impressions of the game have been…
Unboxing: 4Ground District I Bank
5 days ago 6We've got another amazing looking kit from 4Ground! This time it's the District I Bank, part of the Jesserai Urban Zone range designed for use with Dropzone Commander.
Pre-orders for Angel Giraldez's Masterclass Volume I: Painting Miniatures From A to Z using a bunch of Infinity miniatures will be going up for pre-order on February 2nd 2015! This is going to be a limited run and once it's gone it's gone so if you want one you better be quick…
The Tank God (John) and Justin are looking at another tank from The Plastic Solider Company. This time it's the turn of the Panther Ausf A With Zimmerit in 1/72nd Scale.


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Lake County Sheriff Mark Curran is celebrating this week endorsements from more than half of the county's mayors.
With 52 municipalities in the Lake County, Curran has secured support from 29 city and village leaders in his re-election bid. He added that some of the leaders from bigger towns like Waukegan shied away from making any endorsements.
"It's a wide array of towns," said Curran, noting that Lake Forest doesn't make endorsements and the city of Waukegan told his campaign they were remaining neutral in the race.
"We got all the big towns like Gurnee, Libertyville, Mundelein, Vernon Hills, all the Round Lakes, Fox Lake, Wauconda, Antioch and Beach Park," he said. "I think they want a sheriff who is able to protect their community. Ultimately they recognize the spirit of cooperation.
"These are people that are executives, they run operations and they know what it takes. They deal with unions and budgets. They recognize the competency I bring to the sheriff's office."
As previously reported in the News-Sun, Democratic challenger Jason Patt has been endorsed by Lake County Sheriff's Fraternal Order of Police Lodge 66, Waukegan Fraternal Order of Police Lodge 5, AFSCME Council 31, Teamsters Local 700, Gun Violence Prevention PAC (G-PAC), and Lake County Firearms and Security.
Patt is an investigator in the Lake County Coroner's Office with 18 years of law enforcement experience and more than 1,000 hours in specialized training. He also is a Navy combat veteran, according to his campaign.
In explaining his support for Curran, Libertyville Mayor Terry Weppler said he is proud to have the sheriff as a member of his community.
"Our police department enjoys a cooperative relationship with the sheriff's department and Sheriff Curran's focus on regionalized community policing enhances the safety of Lake County," he said.
Curran expressed gratitude for the endorsements.
"I am humbled by the level of support I am receiving and will continue to ensure communities receive professional law enforcement services and cooperation between departments," the Republican said.
Curran's mayoral endorsements
Antioch's Lawrence Hanson, Beach Park's John Hucker, Deer Park's Bob Kellerman, Fox Lake's Donny Schmit, Grayslake's Rhett Taylor, Green Oaks' Bernie Wysocki, Gurnee's Kristina Kovarik, Hawthorn Woods' Joseph Mancino, Highwood's Charlie Pecaro, Island Lake's Charlie Amrich, Kildeer's Nandia Black, Lake Barrington's Kevin Richardson, Lake Villa's Frank Loffredo, Lake Zurich's Tom Poynton, Libertyville's Terry Weppler, Lincolnshire's Brett Blomberg, Long Grove's Angie Underwood, Mettawa's Casey Urlacher, Mundelein's Steve Lentz, Old Mill Creek's Temple "Tim" Smith, Port Barrington's Shannon Yeaton, Round Lake's Daniel MacGillis, Round Lake Beach's Rich Hill, Round Lake Heights' Terrance Lumpkins, Round Lake Park's Linda Lucassen ,Vernon Hills' Roger Byrne, Volo's Burnell Russell, Waucondas' Frank Bart and Winthrop Harbor's Robert Loy.


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We Only Have Ourselves to Blame if Lady Gaga Murders Kermit Again
Then again, Gaga seems to prefer a more "au naturale" look these days, so maybe Kermit's hide is safe. But Gaga's unpredictable, so who can say for sure? I'm scared. I can't watch. Let's change the subject and check out today's winning captions.
"Which one is the puppet" - Anne
"You'd make a great purse" - Clare
"Kermit: I get to wear u this time" - Nelson
"and that's when I said 'that's not ms piggy that's lady gaga'" - Rose
Congrats to our winners! Visit our Facebook page for a new Caption Contest each and every weekday. It's never too late to add a caption, so do so in the comments!
Image Source: ABC


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Rick Smith Jr. is THE card throwing champion for speed, distance and accuracy. Not only that, he is a WORLD RECORD HOLDER for throwing a playing card 216 feet and 4 inches at a top speed of 92 miles per hour. Now, he's ready to give you the secrets to the most effective techniques in card throwing-- transforming you into a card-throwing ninja in minutes. You don't have to be Rick Smith Jr. in order to throw like him. Just a few secret techniques and styles, taught in this video, will bring you from zero to Pro in no time. In Velocity, you will quickly learn:


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Sick-o originated at or was at least popularized in Oakville, Canada. It's variations include sick-ass. It has the same meaning as sick, only slightly better.
Yo man, that concert was sick-o!
Cheerleading is sick-o!
Cheerleading is sick-o!
Por DefinitionGuru3597043057293
08 de agosto de 2005
A man aged over 18 attempting to seduce a vulnerable 15 year old overexcited at sneaking into a venue serving alcohol.
An Adult hitting on a 15 year old girl, what a "sicko"
Por frothies
16 de mayo de 2011
when u get fuckin sick of everything, everyone and all that has to do with ur surroundings
im so fuckin sick-o everything!
Por Namdor11
29 de marzo de 2006
Friends that send other friends terrifying videos to derive sick pleasure from their fear. Often have long blonde hair, short shorts, and boyfriends whose last names rhyme with Beagle.
Davidinsobrah: Hey, did Laura send you that link?
Stefanocus: She sure did! What a sicko!
Stefanocus: She sure did! What a sicko!
Por DefinitelyNotChloe
24 de febrero de 2013
Fart with the nastiest smell imaginable.
J: "who's dropping SICKO'S in here"
Por Terryfunksasshole
06 de enero de 2012
A feeling of pure elation. Better than the commonly used sick. Could be used to describe something you have done personally.
"Man, did you see that goal last night, it was sicko !"
Por JNeewwmmaann
19 de agosto de 2009
A propaganda film by Michael Moore that tries to show how bad the American health care system is though slander and exaggerations.
Sicko uses rare cases and implies that that is the norm.
Por Davis Finch
29 de junio de 2007


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Is Your Web Hosting Eco-Friendly?
Spring Hill Farms -
Thursday January 20, 2011 - By David
Wind Power Ever since Spring Hill Farms has been on the world wide web we have used Hypermart as our web hosting service. We have always been happy with their service and pricing. An added bonus is they are wind powered! We feel this in keeping with...


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Jervis Bay Kayak Co Hire
Jervis Bay Kayak Co, a kayak service centre, offers sit on top kayaks, sea kayaks and stan-up paddle boards.
Jervis Bay Kayak Beach Fleet of Sit On Top Kayaks are based at Huskisson White Sands Park (opposite the Store), or at the Huskisson Wharf Boat Ramp dependent on prevailing weather conditions. Kayaks are hired straight off the Hire Rig ,complete with PFD II, paddle, and a Dry Bag.
Delivery to holiday houses, camp grounds and caravan parks can be prearranged and *conditions apply.
Jervis Bay Kayak Co is a proven, trusted provider for tourism, schools and military for hire, training and tours.
Hire Product
Name |
Product / Type |
Features |
Kayak Hire | Boats | Single and double sit on top kayak hire. Hire includes personal flotation device (PFD - child sizes are available), paddle and dry bag. Sea kayak hire - a range of double and single fibreglass and plastic from Seawared, wilderness, prijon and quality kayaks. Hire includes sprayskirt, paddle, dry bag, PFD, pump. Camping and additional safety equipment available for hire on request. Facilities: Unlimited Kilometres. |
Jervis Bay Kayak Co |
Huskisson | More Hide |
Address: | Contact: | |
Shop 1, 13 Hawke Street Huskisson, NSW 2540 | Website: www.jervisbaykayaks.com.au |


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Contact this shelter/rescue group to see their pets for adoption. |
Our Featured Richmond Hill, GA Partner:
Bryan Animal Caregivers
Dog adoption and cat adoption saves lives. Adopt a dog or adopt a cat and you'll have a friend for life! Contact us, or contact another local humane society, animal shelter or SPCA.
P.O. Box 104 Richmond Hill, GA 31320 (912) 727-2694 |
Email: |
Pets at Our Rescue Group:
About Our Rescue Group:
Bryan Animal Caregivers, located in Richmond Hill, Georgia, is committed to activities that promote healthy, happy lives for cats and dogs in coastal Georgia, and to reducing the number of unwanted animals throughout the area.Our Reduced-Cost Spay/Neuter Program is available to residents of Bryan and Liberty Counties.
Come Meet our Pets:
Come meet some of our adorable adoptables at PETsMART on Abercorn St. in Savannah. We are there on the 1st and 3rd Sundays of each month from 11 a.m. until 2 p.m.If you see a pet you're interested in, please email us and we may be able to arrange for a private viewing.
Our Adoption Process:
Our adoption process begins with our Adoption Questionnaire, which allows us to learn about your family and home and helps us determine which pet will be a good fit in your family.After we've reviewed your Adoption Questionnaire, one of our volunteers will discuss the potential adoption with you and answer any questions you may have about the pet or the process.
If you and your family and our volunteer representatives agree that the pet is a good fit for your family and that you will be able to provide a forever home for the pet, we'll ask you to complete an Adoption Contract and pay the adoption fee. The fees are $75 for mixed breed cats, $85 for mixed breed dogs and $125 for purebred dogs or cats. All pets are dewormed, current on vaccinations and if old enough, spayed or neutered. Unaltered kittens and puppies come with a voucher to have them spayed or neutered at no cost to the adopter and the adopter must sign a contract to have the procedure done by a specific date. Cats are tested for Feline Leukemia and dogs are tested for Heartworms.


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Expanding div problem (IExplorer)
I am building a new website using Jquery to add some interactive effects and although things work perfectly in firefox and chrome, explorer is handling things incorrectly.
My problem, I have a menu that expands to show additional options when it is clicked. Explorer drops this menu down correctly but the content below it fails to move.
This results in the menu being hidden behind the content below.
Firefox and chrome work fine.
I am not using any absolutely positioned divs, all floats should have been cleared (Ive put more clears in than needed).
Anyone got any ideas?
I remember having similar problems with IE before but cant remember if I ever found a solution or not.
Im using IE7.
(I know Im using Jquery and this isnt the javascript section, I can make a Jquery hack if needed but would prefer a proper fix. I believe this is a problem with the HTMl/CSS in IE.)
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I've attached a screen shot taken from my FF2.I am building a new website using Jquery to add some interactive effects and although thingswork perfectly in firefox
and chrome, explorer is handling things incorrectly.
Have a look at a good 2 column layout at http://bonrouge.com/2c-hf-fluid.php
The Dream is not what you see in sleep; Dream is the thing which doesn't let you sleep. --(Dr. APJ. Abdul Kalam)
Users who have thanked abduraooft for this post:
ipmark (02-21-2009)
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Cheers for pointing that out, another fix to sort, hadn't got round to cross version testing yet. (using FF3)
Could you please let me know if the (misaligned) content is moving down with the expanding menu in FF2?
Edit: Yes it does, so this problem (seems) limited to IE.
But differences in margins rendering between FF2 and FF3....
Last edited by ipmark; 02-21-2009 at 10:17 AM. Reason: Downloaded FF2 standalone
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Ok, so Im getting very strange behaviour here.
FF3 and chrome - as designed.
IE6 Displays the right column (main content) BELOW the bottom of the left sidebar. The expanding menu pushes the 2 columns down as expected.
Edit: Fixed, needed an extra float.
IE7 displays the content correctly but the expanding menu is hidden behind a STATIONARY sidebar and content.
Edit: Fixed, was using 'height' instead of 'min-height' for the header containing the menu.
I thought IE treated height as others treat min-height anyway?
FF2 works the menu as expected but the margins are different to FF3 and chrome. (Noticeable on the menu bar and the scrollbars placed on the sidebar)
FF2 & 3 rendering differently really surprises me.
And the fact my menu worked fine in IE6 but not IE7 seems odd too.
Last edited by ipmark; 02-22-2009 at 08:56 AM.


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GLORY showdown: Heavyweight kickboxing's bitter rivalry between Daniel Ghita and Rico Verhoeven set to explode
The world's greatest fighting dance partners have often been separated by life itself, two adverse forces colliding, yet creating an irresistible lure of fists – and sometimes feet.
So it was with Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in boxing; Anderson Silva and Chael Sonnen in the UFC; and in kickboxing, we have Daniel Ghita, ranked No. 1 in the world, and Rico Verhoeven, ranked No. 2.
They will put meat and bone on the rivalry in Los Angeles on Saturday night GLORY 17 and LAST MAN STANDING event.
They are former training partners, turned rivals. And it has been a build-up of bitterness and ill-will. Bragging rights will be secured at The Forum, but the rivalry is set to run and run.
They are head and shoulders above the chasing pack in kickboxing's heavyweight division. Yet they are chalk and cheese; light and dark. They both crave the same prize: to be 'Lord of the Ring'. And with it, bragging rights.
Little phases Ghita, renowned by those who know him as a brooding force; yet the light to his dark is a human being who donates some of his money to Romanian orphan charities. A compelling juxtaposition of ideals.
Verhoenen is the antithesis: a new-era fighter; modern and media savvy, who enjoys the limelight, an athlete/fighter who has trained so rigorously from the age of 5 that he is only just discovering there is more to life than gyms, that neon and nightclubs have treasure to behold as much as the crunch of bone and glove on body, or the absorption of fist and fury into pads.
So much so that Rico has a friend who dances and who works for Madonna. In recent times, he took Madonna's son, Rocco Ritchie, in a training session in New York city.
Ghita usually doesn't speak to the media much, being a fighter who prefers to do his talking in the ring. Ghita (50-10-0, 39 KOs) is in deep, mentally, about his rematch with "The Prince" Verhoeven (43-9-0, 10 KOs) at Glory "Last Man Standing".
Their first fight was the final of the Glory 11 heavyweight championship tournament. Verhoeven (43-9, 10 KOs) won the decision from the judges after three rounds of fighting; Ghita was furious.
He insists that this time, there will be no judges decision and no room for doubt. He believes he won the first two rounds in the first encounter. This one, he says, will not go to the judges. If so, fans are in for an explosive spectacle.
Kickboxers tend to trashtalk on fewer occasions than boxers, or mixed martial artists. Therefore, when Ghita says Verhoeven is "boring" and "a jet-set diva taking limousines to nightclubs" he means it. He has also questioned Verhoeven's power, given the stats from their first fight.
For his part Verhoeven believes Ghita is "struggling with the pressure". It seems as if the younger man is just managing to creep under the skin of Ghita.
Age ought not to be an issue. At 33, he is eight years older than Verhoeven but is as dangerous as ever. His last fight saw him take out the durable and dangerous Errol Zimmerman in an incredible 35 seconds of one-sided violence.
The expectations are for a brutal Ghita finish or an accomplished Rico decision, though Rico will be forced to take some damage if it goes the distance.
"I am going 55-45 in favour of a Ghita stoppage but I am not putting money on it; it's going to be a razor close fight," John Joe O'Regan, the knowledgeable combat sports writer and practitioner told me this week.
"Ghita is gonna look to hurt and intimidate, the earlier the better. The longer the fight goes I am seeing it more favourable for Rico." The way O'Regan sees it indicates a perfect style match-up.
What could be key in this one is that it is five three minute rounds. Those championship rounds may yet prove crucial. It's likely to be a cracker.
GLORY: Last Man Standing, also features Joseph Valtellin against Marc De Bonte, the current welterweight king. It marks the first real shot for an North American fighter to win one of modern kickboxing's biggest titles in a straight title fight.
Earlier, GLORY 17 will mark the rematch between Jarrell 'Big Baby' Miller against fighting legend Mirko CroCop, his nemesis on the judges' cards in May last year in the Croat's homeland.
The 8-man tournament, similar to boxing's Prizefighter in the UK, includes but with the world's top kickboxers, with some top names in there. Melvin Manhoef is the biggest name in the 8-man tournament but Russia's Artem Levin is the big talent. He is regarded as a quirky showboater, like Floyd Mayweather in boxing.
Each one of the protagonists in the 8-man tournament are champions in their own right, or in their homeland. This is a real-life Bloodsport/Van Damme movie, bringing champions together, to find a champion of champions.
GLORY 17 LOS ANGELES takes place Saturday June 21 in Los Angeles, California.
The card's centerpiece is a four-man Featherweight Contender Tournament, the winner of which will go forward to a title shot. Top prospects Yodkhunpon (Thailand), Shane Oblonsky (California, USA), Gabriel Varga (Canada) and Marcus Vinicius (Brazil) take part.
After GLORY 17 LOS ANGELES the event continues on the Big GLORY: LAST MAN STANDING pay-per-view, which features three world titles (Heavyweight, Middleweight Welterweight) and an eight-man tournament.
GLORY 17 is being shown live on BT Sport 1 on Saturday night from 1am.
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"The harder you work, the luckier you get." by Gary Player
Below is the poem entitled The Empty Nest which was written by poet Veronica Aicher. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by Veronica Aicher
Best Veronica Aicher Poems
As we keep getting older And of coarse our children do to We cannot stop the ageing process So what are we to do We put them through school Watched their games and plays Taught them good morals, independence And now it's time for them To leave and fly away We will always have the pride of knowing We raised them well and did our very best So here we are together In our cozy empty nest And now is the time for all of us To take that long awaited and well deserved little rest


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Reach for the Riding Sport™ Fleece Jacket to take off the chill. This budget-friendly piece is lightweight, soft and versatile. It's constructed with flattering princess seams and a semi-fitted cut.
The Striped Cap and Scarf set from Horseware® Ireland keeps you warm as it adds style to your look.
The Riding Sport™ Fleece Turtleneck is a staple for your winter riding wardrobe. Designed with a slightly elongated hem in back and doubled at the neck for warmth, this cozy fleece pullover combines value, comfort and versatile style.
Riding Sport™ Cruiser Socks incorporate bamboo fibers for natural moisture wicking and antimicrobial properties. These crew-height boot socks have stay-put cuffs and thick cushioned soles for added comfort.
Cozy inside with a resilient exterior, Riding Sport™ Power Fleece Tights keep you riding comfortably on cold winter days. These warm knee-patch tights feature four-way stretch, double-layer fleece construction. The inner layer wicks perspiration while the outer surface resists debris, abrasions and water. Styled with gripper elastic ankles and Clarino™ knee patches. Order one size up for the most comfortable fit.
The Rider's International Supreme Combo Turnout Blanket offers your horse complete coverage from the elements. This waterproof and breathable heavy turnout blanket has an attached neck cover and tail flap. It features a 1200 denier Teflon® coated ripstop outer shell, 340 grams of poly fill and a nylon lining.
Completely waterproof, the Mountain Horse® Forest Highlander is a fashionable and sturdy full-grain leather boot. A great choice in footwear for riding and so many occasions, this boot has a tartan lining, Heel-slide™ for easy on/off, a cushioned footbed and a steel shank for stability. A special tread offers grip in the stirrups.
Lightweight and durable, the Kerrits® Venti Short Sleeve Shirt is cut a little longer for the full coverage any rider will appreciate. Cooltek™ fabric offers exceptional breathability and superior moisture wicking. A touch of stretch adds comfort. This riding shirt has a zipper, stock tie loop and an invisible side zip pocket.
The Symphony™ No. 2 Azzura Full-Seat Breech by Tredstep Ireland™ features active motion features that are designed for free and fluid movement. Complete with exclusive Tredstep Evolution stretch woven fabric, modified mid-rise, belt loops, articulated knee with Silicone Friction Shield, MicroSuede full seat.
The Wahl® Stable Pro Horse Clipper quickly cleans up legs, fetlocks & bridle paths. Lightweight and balanced to fit hand. These clippers are smooth and quiet with a long cord to accommodate poorly placed outlets. Includes adjustable blade, bonus tool tote, grooming DVD, 3 stainless steel combs, blade oil, blade guard and cleaning brush.
Kerrits® Sit Tight 'N Warm Full Seat Riding Breeches provide superior warmth and wind protection. Forget all about the cold when wearing these warm breeches made of Malden Mills Wind Pro™, a breathable fabric that blocks 95% of wind and sheds moisture. Full seat provides extra grip in the saddle.
The Tredstep Symphony No. 2 Azzura Men's Breech is made of Tredstep Evolution four-way stretch fabric for comfort. This men's breech has Tredstep's Motion Fit Design, silicone friction-shield knee patches and more. Slanted front pockets and two rear flap pockets add the finishing touch.
The TuffRider® Winter Full-Seat Breech is ideal for schooling. Designed to keep you warm and comfortable, this pull-on full-seat breech is made of four-way stretch fabric with a smooth outer layer and a warm, fleece inner layer. UltraGripp™ full seat, tube bottoms and slant zip pocket.
Irideon® Polartec® Power Stretch® 3-Season Breeches keep you warm and moving freely. In soft and comfortable fabric that offers warmth without bulk, this knee-patch breech has a smooth outer layer and a soft fleece inner layer.
Ovation® Coolmax® Boot Socks provide for a slim fit inside tall riding boots. Coolmax wicks moisture to keep you comfortable.


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Privacy and Cookies
After weeks of growing uncertainty about the future of bankrupt and grounded Oneworld carrier Mexicana, Mexican financial services group IXE has arisen as a potential new investor to relaunch the airline.
Last week, IXE president Enrique Castillo Sanchez declared that his group is "evaluating the possibility of acquiring a stake in Mexicana", in order to attract the interest of other investors in the carrier's relaunch.
After its bankruptcy, Mexicana was formally acquired by Tenedora K, an investment group which never materialised its initial commitment of injecting liquidity into the airline.
While Castillo does not discard using Tenedora K as a vehicle for IXE's investment, he sees his role in acting as an investment banker "attracting the interest of [new] investors [for Mexicana".
He also outlined his vision for the "new Mexicana", explaining the carrier would concentrate on its historic core market "where the brand is well known and appreciated", slashing flights to Europe and Southern South America, and leaving the airline with a "unified fleet" of its Airbus A320 family aircraft. This is in line with negotiations held earlier between Tenedora K and Mexicana's pilots and cabin crew unions, which pointed at reducing the airline's original production by up to 70%, using a single fleet of aircraft.
Prior to its grounding, Mexicana operated two Airbus A330s to London Gatwick and Madrid and four Boeing 767s to long haul destinations in South America.
On 4 October, IXE confirmed in a communication to the Mexican Stock Exchange BMV that it is "evaluating different possibilities of investment in Mexicana". However, it stresses that an investment is "far from being a certainty" since "finding a good solution for everybody involved is a big challenge".
IXE also points out that its own investment "would be a minor minority stake", seeing its role in attracting external investors.


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King James Version (KJV) | New International Version (NIV) |
1 And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him. | 1 In the seventh year Jehoiada showed his strength. He made a covenant with the commanders of units of a hundred: Azariah son of Jeroham, Ishmael son of Jehohanan, Azariah son of Obed, Maaseiah son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat son of Zicri. |
2 And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the chief of the fathers of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem. | 2 They went throughout Judah and gathered the Levites and the heads of Israelite families from all the towns. When they came to Jerusalem, |
3 And all the congregation made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king's son shall reign , as the LORD hath said of the sons of David. | 3 the whole assembly made a covenant with the king at the temple of God. Jehoiada said to them, "The king's son shall reign, as the LORD promised concerning the descendants of David. |
4 This is the thing that ye shall do ; A third part of you entering on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the doors; | 4 Now this is what you are to do: A third of you priests and Levites who are going on duty on the Sabbath are to keep watch at the doors |
5 And a third part shall be at the king's house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LORD. | 5 a third of you at the royal palace and a third at the Foundation Gate, and all the other men are to be in the courtyards of the temple of the LORD. |
6 But let none come into the house of the LORD, save the priests, and they that minister of the Levites; they shall go in , for they are holy: but all the people shall keep the watch of the LORD. | 6 No one is to enter the temple of the LORD except the priests and Levites on duty; they may enter because they are consecrated, but all the other men are to guard what the LORD has assigned to them. |
7 And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever else cometh into the house, he shall be put to death : but be ye with the king when he cometh in , and when he goeth out . | 7 The Levites are to station themselves around the king, each man with his weapons in his hand. Anyone who enters the temple must be put to death. Stay close to the king wherever he goes." |
8 So the Levites and all Judah did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest had commanded , and took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that were to go out on the sabbath: for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses. | 8 The Levites and all the men of Judah did just as Jehoiada the priest ordered. Each one took his men--those who were going on duty on the Sabbath and those who were going off duty--for Jehoiada the priest had not released any of the divisions. |
9 Moreover Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David's, which were in the house of God. | 9 Then he gave the commanders of units of a hundred the spears and the large and small shields that had belonged to King David and that were in the temple of God. |
10 And he set all the people, every man having his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the temple, along by the altar and the temple, by the king round about. | 10 He stationed all the men, each with his weapon in his hand, around the king--near the altar and the temple, from the south side to the north side of the temple. |
11 Then they brought out the king's son, and put upon him the crown, and gave him the testimony, and made him king . And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and said , God save the king. | 11 Jehoiada and his sons brought out the king's son and put the crown on him; they presented him with a copy of the covenant and proclaimed him king. They anointed him and shouted, "Long live the king!" |
12 Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD: | 12 When Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and cheering the king, she went to them at the temple of the LORD. |
13 And she looked , and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise . Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said , Treason, Treason. | 13 She looked, and there was the king, standing by his pillar at the entrance. The officers and the trumpeters were beside the king, and all the people of the land were rejoicing and blowing trumpets, and singers with musical instruments were leading the praises. Then Athaliah tore her robes and shouted, "Treason! Treason!" |
14 Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth of the ranges : and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword. For the priest said , Slay her not in the house of the LORD. | 14 Jehoiada the priest sent out the commanders of units of a hundred, who were in charge of the troops, and said to them: "Bring her out between the ranks and put to the sword anyone who follows her." For the priest had said, "Do not put her to death at the temple of the LORD. |
15 So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there. | 15 So they seized her as she reached the entrance of the Horse Gate on the palace grounds, and there they put her to death. |
16 And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the people, and between the king, that they should be the LORD'S people. | 16 Jehoiada then made a covenant that he and the people and the king would be the LORD's people. |
17 Then all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down , and brake his altars and his images in pieces , and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. | 17 All the people went to the temple of Baal and tore it down. They smashed the altars and idols and killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altars. |
18 Also Jehoiada appointed the offices of the house of the LORD by the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as it was ordained by David. | 18 Then Jehoiada placed the oversight of the temple of the LORD in the hands of the priests, who were Levites, to whom David had made assignments in the temple, to present the burnt offerings of the LORD as written in the Law of Moses, with rejoicing and singing, as David had ordered. |
19 And he set the porters at the gates of the house of the LORD, that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in | 19 He also stationed doorkeepers at the gates of the LORD's temple so that no one who was in any way unclean might enter |
20 And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of the LORD: and they came through the high gate into the king's house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom. | 20 He took with him the commanders of hundreds, the nobles, the rulers of the people and all the people of the land and brought the king down from the temple of the LORD. They went into the palace through the Upper Gate and seated the king on the royal throne, |
21 And all the people of the land rejoiced : and the city was quiet , after that they had slain Athaliah with the sword. | 21 and all the people of the land rejoiced. And the city was quiet, because Athaliah had been slain with the sword. |
The King James Version is in the public domain. (The King James Bible Version Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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