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US 4348142 A Abstract A six-axes manipulator consists of a central tubular support 30 equipped with four bearings A, B, C, D at 90° to each other, disposed in a plane XOY perpendicular to the axis ZZ' of the tubular support, a ring 110 with a diameter larger than that of a section of the tubular support, the ring carrying a gripping and control handle, and rigid and elastic means 120, 121, 122, 123 to support said ring on said tubular support, in such a manner that, at rest, said ring presents itself coaxially with said tubular support. Each bearing A, B, C, D is equipped with at least four force sensors.
Claims(7) 1. A six-axis manipulator for controlling the extremity of a robot arm, said manipulator comprising:
a central tubular support having an axis; four bearings on said support and each separated by 90° in a plane perpendicular to said support axis; a ring having a diameter larger than that of a section of said support, said section lying in said perpendicular plane; rigid and elastic means for supporting said ring on said tubular support wherein said ring and tubular support are coaxial at rest; at least four force sensors, for sensing forces in four directions, on each of said bearings; logic means for converting signals from said sensors into individual translational components along three axes and into individual rotational components about said three axes; and means for transmitting said components as command signals to said robot. 2. The manipulator of claim 1, wherein said means for supporting said ring comprise two bars crossing one another and passing through apertures in said tubular support, the ends of said bars being flexibly connected to said ring by elastic ring elements in said ring.
3. The manipulator of claim 1, wherein said means for supporting said ring comprise four piano wires, each having one end fixed to said ring at 90° intervals and each freely passing through an aperture located in said tubular support.
4. The manipulator of claim 2 or 3, wherein each said bearing is located at one of said apertures and wherein said force sensors are uniformly distributed about the periphery of said apertures.
5. The manipulator of claim 3, wherein each said aperture comprises successively from the center to the periphery thereof:
a piano wire; a conductor ring externally coated with an insulating substance which becomes a conductor above a predetermined pressure; and an insulating ring containing said force sensors, whereby an all-or-nothing signal generator is created. 6. The manipulator of claim 2, wherein each said force sensor comprises a piezoelectric sensor and all of said force sensors are fed by a high frequency generator functioning in an antiresonant mode whereby a proportional signal generator is created.
7. The manipulator of claim 6, wherein said sensors are on the rim of said apertures and are connected as inputs to the same adder-subtractor for algebraic addition of their signals before they are transmitted to said logic means.
Description 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a manipulator used to control a robot along at least six axes, also called syntaxor, which permits advanced control of a robot such as, for example, a welding robot carried by gantry, having six degrees of freedom or a painting robot having more than six degrees of freedom, with a certain redundancy of axes. 2. Description of the Prior Art From an ergonomic viewpoint, it is evident that any human being can operate with ease in a trihedron of rectangular axes with regard to displacement, and in a trihedron of orthogonal rotation axes with regard to orientation. The problem is to develop a manipulator making it possible to act with only one hand on a six-axes robot, and permitting any combination of movements between displacements and orientations. In programming a robot, the operator is particularly concerned with the tip of the tool or with a surface element related to the tool. It is this element that is referred to as the terminal of the robot. In order to facilitate the work of the operator, it is important that the movements of the terminal of the controlled robot be made in relation to the natural frame of reference of the piloting human, whatever the robot's configuration: be it, for example a robot of the Cartesian type with six axes in which the displacements are translations, or a six-axes robot in which the displacements are rotations. The operator intuitively executes rotation movements by rotating the hand in the wrist, while rectilinear movements are effected by displacing the forearm. The present invention makes available to the operator a manipulator comprising a handle that is easy to manipulate with only one hand on the basis of the movements that are ergomically natural to the operator. This manipulator enables him to visually direct the extremity of a robot comprising at least six independent axes, so that he can make said extremity follow any desired trajectory. In accordance with the invention, the six-axes manipulator enables the operator, using only one hand, to run it manually so as to direct visually the extremity of a robot comprising at least six independent axes, and to make said extremity follow any desired trajectory, thereby enabling the controlling operator to work within the frame of reference that is natural to any human being, which is of a type which includes means that can decompose and measure each desired element of trajectory according to its translation components in a first trirectangular trihedron fixed in space and simultaneously, in accordance with its components of rotation about three orthogonal axes fixed in space. The means of decomposition and of measurement along each axis are entirely uncoupled with respect to the means of decomposition and of measurement along all the other axes. Logic means, comprising in particular an interface permitting conversion, after quantization, of all the data collected by the decomposition of each desired trajectory element by means of said decomposition and measurement means into control signals directly applicable to the organs controlling the robot's movements along each of its axes, includes a central tubular support equipped with four bearings at 90° to each other, disposed essentially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tubular support; a ring with a diameter greater than that of a section of said tubular support, said ring supporting the gripping and control handle of said manipulator; rigid and elastic means for supporting said ring by said tubular support in such a manner that, at rest, the ring and its handle present themselves coaxially with respect to the tubular support. Each of the bearings is equipped with at least four force sensors. In accordance with a first embodiment, the rigid and elastic means for supporting said ring by said tubular support, comprise two bars in cross configuration, and four elastic rings flexibly supporting said bars at their extremities in said ring. The bars each pass through the tubular support by means of two openings provided in the latter and are diametrically opposed to one another on the latter. In accordance with a second embodiment, the rigid and elastic means for supporting said ring by said tubular support, comprise four piano wires each of which is embedded by one extremity in said ring and sliding by the other extremity in one of the openings provided in said central tubular support in order to insure flexing freedom for each piano wire. The expression piano wire designates a steel wire, whether stainless or not, that is cold-drawn and has great strength. In accordance with the first embodiment, each opening provided in said tubular support is equipped with a force-sensing bearing in at least four directions, depending on the number of contacts uniformly distributed at the periphery of each opening. Each force-sensing bearing for each opening provided in said tubular support comprises successively, from the center of said opening to the internal periphery of the latter, and coaxially disposed: a piano wire; a conductor ring coated with an insulating substance that becomes a conductor beyond a certain predetermined pressure and an insulating ring, the contacts of the force-sensing bearing being uniformly distributed along a circumference between the insulating substance and the insulating ring, so that a manipulator is created operating on an all-or-nothing basis. In accordance with a variant embodiment, each contact is constituted by a piezoelectric sensor fed by a high frequency generator with an antiresonant circuit, thus creating a proportionally controlled manipulator. Advantageously, the diametrically opposed sensors at the rim of a given opening are connected to input the same adder-subtractor so that their signals are added algebraically before transmission to the logic means comprising an interface that permits analog-digital conversion of the collected data. Various other objects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention will be more fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood from the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, and wherein: FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram positioning the six-axes manipulator in accordance with the invention in relation with a six-axes robot whose displacements are to be controlled; FIG. 2 is a simplified section along a symmetry plane passing through axis ZZ' of the manipulator of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a simplified section seen along line III--III in FIG. 6 of the manipulator at a position of rest; FIG. 6 is a simplified, fragmentary, section seen along line VI--VI in FIG. 3 of the manipulator at rest; FIGS. 4 and 7 on the one hand, and FIGS. 5 and 8 on the other hand, are representations similar to those of FIGS. 3 and 6, the first group in the case of rotation by angle Ω about axis ZZ' and translation parallel to this axis, the second group in the case of a rotation by angle Ω about axis YY' and translation parallel to the latter; FIG. 9 is the representation of a section seen along line IX--IX in FIG. 10 of a force-sensing bearing; FIG. 10 represents the section seen along line X--X in FIG. 9 of a force-sensing bearing in accordance with the invention; FIG. 11 is a simplified diagram of the manipulator in accordance with the invention, summing up the position of the four force-sensing bearings on each manipulator; FIG. 15 shows table 1 which recapitulates the matrices giving the state of the contacts for each elementary translation and each elementary rotation; FIG. 12 is a simplified representation of a section by the plane of symmetry XOZ in a second embodiment of the six-axes manipulator in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 13 is a simplified diagram showing one mode of grouping contacts on a bearing; FIG. 16 shows table 2 which recapitulates the new simplified matrices resulting from the contact grouping shown in FIG. 13; and FIG. 14 is a simplified diagram indicating how the contacts function in the second embodiment of the manipulator in accordance with the invention. Identical numerical references indicate identical elements in the various figures. FIG. 1 represents an embodiment of a robot 10 capable of displacing a tool 22 by the combination of six elementary motions: two rotations about respective vertical axes OZ and O"Z"; a translation of axis OZ corresponding to a raising and lowering movement; three rotations by angles α, β and γ. The robot 10 comprises an arm 11 and a forearm 12 at whose extremity a wrist 13 can pivot by an angle γ about a first axis 14. A hand 15 can pivot by an angle β about a second axis 16 and a terminal 18 to which a tool 22 can be adapted, is capable of pivoting by an angle α about a third axis 17. At each of its articulations, the robot includes a rotary motor to which is associated a position coding device. A detailed description of the structure of these elements may be found in French patent application No. 75-15 127 (publication number 2 310 842) (corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 4,047,448) and are well known in the art. The various rotary motors and their associated position coding devices are connected to a pilot computer 20 by means of a bundle of cables represented schematically by a two-way arrow 21 to indicate clearly that the connection between the computer 20 and the robot 10 operates in both directions. In accordance with the invention, the extremity 18 of the robot to which a tool 22 can be adapted, is visually piloted by a human operator by means of control device comprising a control box 23 with a broomstick 24 with six degrees of freedom which is manipulated by one hand alone thanks to a handle of easily gripped shape 25, i.e. spherical, for example. The operator handling the broomstick 24 with only one hand by means of the handle 25 makes the terminal 18 of robot 10 follow the desired trajectory. The maneuver is facilitated for the operator by the fact that the control device in accordance with the invention enables the operator using it to work in his natural frame of reference. In the case of FIG. 1, displacements of a trirectangular trihedron OXYZ are involved for the rotations of the set of the three rotations about respective axes of the preceding trihedron. The orientation of trihedron OXYZ is arbitrary but fixed in relation to the shop in which the robot is operated. The manipulator box 23 is oriented for its operations in such a manner that its own reference trihedron O'X'Y'Z' is parallel to the preceding trihedron, so that for the description which follows, the two trihedrons will be considered to be identical. The translation components and the rotation components which are detected periodically by the means contained in the control box 23, are transmitted to the computer 20 which, using an appropriate algorithm, transforms the analog data, after quantization, which are received at the input, into control signals of suitable shape so they can be applied directly, by means of the cable bundle 21, to the various motors located in the successive articulations of the robot 10. The operator, monitoring the robot visually, observes its movements, compares them to the orders he has given and corrects continuously so as to achieve the desired result. In accordance with FIG. 2, which is a simplified representation of a section by the plane of symmetry XOZ of the first embodiment of the six-axes manipulator in accordance with elements 24-25 of FIG. 1, a central tubular support 30 is pierced by four openings A, B, C, D which are all shown in FIG. 3. These four openings are at 90° with respect to each other and are all located in a plane XOY perpendicular to the axis ZZ'. A handle 35, possessing 6 degrees of freedom, whose center coincides with the point of intersection O of the three axes XX', YY' and ZZ', rests on a ring 110 supported by the central tubular support 30 by means of four deformable elements 120, 121, 122 and 123. These deformable elements are constituted, for example, by piano wire, i.e. cold-drawn, high strength steel wire that may be stainless or not. In accordance with the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 10, each piano wire 120, 121, 122 and 123 is embedded in the ring 110 at its outside extremity 80, 81, 82 and 83, respectively, while it can slide freely by its inside extremity through one of the openings A, B, C, D provided in the immediate vicinity of the upper extremity of the tubular support 30. In accordance with a second embodiment which is dealt with below in connection with the description of FIGS. 12 to 14 and table 2 shown in FIG. 16, there are only two deformable elements, i.e. two bars 120-122 on the one hand, and 121-123 on the other, disposed to cross at 90°. These two bars each pass through the tubular support 30 by means of two openings disposed in a straight line, specifically openings A and C for bar 120-122 and openings B and D for bar 121-123. In the latter case, the elasticity of ring 110 and of the manipulation handle 35 in relation to the central tubular support 30 is achieved by means of rings 80, 81, 82, 83 made of elastomer and connecting each bar to the ring at its extremities, as shown in FIG. 12. It can be noted, whatever the embodiment, that between ring 110 supporting the manipulation handle 35 and the central tubular support 30, both rigid and elastic means of support are provided so that, at rest, said ring equipped with its handle, presents itself coaxially in relation to the tubular support, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. FIGS. 3 and 6 represents in its equilibrium position sections of the manipulator in accordance with the invention. In particular, FIG. 3 shows a section by the plane whose trace is III--III in FIG. 6, corresponding to plane XOY of a trirectangular trihedron whose axis Z'Z is indentical with the vertical symmetry axis of the manipulator. FIG. 6 represents a section by the plane whose trace is VI--VI in FIG. 3, which corresponds to face XOZ of the trirectangular trihedron. FIGS. 4 and 5 represent similar sections to those of FIG. 3, while FIGS. 7 and 8 represent sections similar to that of FIG. 6. FIGS. 4 and 7 show a section through the manipulator in accordance with the first embodiment in the case where the human operator, through manipulation of handle 35, has subjected ring 110 to rotation by angle Ω about axis ZZ' (FIG. 4) and to translation parallel to axis ZZ' (FIG. 7). FIGS. 5 and 8 represent a section through the manipulator in accordance with the first embodiment in the case where the human operator has subjected ring 110 to a translation parallel to axis Y'Y (FIG. 5) and a rotation by angle α about axis Y'Y (FIG. 8). Other manipulations are imaginable such as a translation of ring 110 parallel to axis X'X and rotation of ring 110 by an angle β about axis X'X. FIG. 9 represents a section by the plane whose trace is IX--IX in FIG. 10 of a force-sensing bearing, in accordance with the first embodiment, for each of the openings A, B, C, and D. FIG. 10 represents a section by the plane whose trace is X--X in FIG. 9 of the same force-sensing bearing. In accordance with this representation, shown for the case of opening A of the preceding Figures, there are successively, going from the center of the opening to its periphery: the deformable element or piano wire 121, freely sliding in a conductor ring 124 with an angular deflection in the order of ±15°. This conductor ring 124 is coated at its outside periphery with an insulating substance 125 which becomes a conductor over a predetermined pressure. The substance 125 may be found on the market and becomes a conductor for pressures greater than 20 g/mm2. The tubular support 30 is coated, at the inside periphery of the opening pierced through it, by an insulating ring 126. The bearing comprises four contacts 31, 32, 33, 34 constituted by ball bearings disposed at 90° to each other and supported by the insulating ring 126. These ball bearings, or all-or-nothing contacts, 31, 32, 33, 34 are extended by conductors 35, 36, 37, 38 transmitting signals to the logic devices 20 of FIG. 1 which operate as obligatory intermediaries of the robot to be controlled. Four contacts have been represented, but it is evident that this number is not in any way restrictive, and those skilled in the art can readily conceive of a different number. Any radial stress transmitted by the deformable element 121 is carried to the outside ring 126 by means of the skin 125 and of the nearest ball-bearing, such as 33 for example which can then close the corresponding contact with the conductor ring 124 through skin 125. The conductor 37 attached to the ball bearing 33 then transmits a pulse to the associated logic devices 20. In FIG. 10, it can be seen that a stress along F1 closes the contact 31, providing a pulse on conductor 35, while a stress along F2 closes the contact 32 providing a pulse on conductor 36. FIG. 11 sums up the situation with a perspective view by reducing the central tubular support 30 to a simple circle on which are represented the locations of openings A, B, C and D, for example, at the intersection of circle 30 and the coordinate axes XX' and YY' and by showing, in relation to each opening, the four associated contacts forming its sensor bearings and designated in each case by numerical references 1, 2, 3, 4 turning in a clockwise direction on each circle representing an opening, the whole in the frame of reference XYZ. There is thus a set of sixteen contacts whose states can be represented in a square matrix of four lines corresponding to the four openings A, B, X, D and of four columns corresponding to the four contacts 1, 2, 3, 4. In Table 1 shown in FIG. 15, the left hand column presents the translation matrices corresponding to the following successive situations from top to bottom: rest (R); in the direction of the positive X's (X+); in the direction of the negative X's (X-); in the direction of the positive Y's (Y+); in the direction of the negative Y's (Y-) in the direction of the positive Z's (Z+); in the direction of the negative Z's (Z-). The right hand column presents the rotation matrices corresponding to the following situations from top to bottom: rotation about the Z'Z axis in the positive direction; rotation about the Z'Z axis in the negative direction; rotation about the Y'Y axis in the positive direction; rotation about the Y'Y axis in the negative direction; rotation about the X'X axis in the positive direction; rotation about the X'X axis in the negative direction. The corresponding signals are transmitted to the associated logic devices which are perfectly capable of translating them into appropriate commands for the various parts of the associated robot. FIG. 12 shows a section by the plane of symmetry XOZ with a partial cut-away in the central part of the earlier mentioned second embodiment of the six-axes manipulator in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment the contacts 31 to 34 illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 are replaced by four piezoelectric capsules 91, 92, 93, 94 per bearing. Any displacement of handle 35 that has six degrees of freedom creates a deformation of the elastomer rings 80, 81, 82, 83. This deformation is reflected by stresses applied to the two bars 120-122, 121-123. These stresses are transmitted to the piezoelectric capsules surrounding the bars. The signals picked up at the piezoelectric capsules surrounding a given bar at the level of a given opening in the central tubular support 30 are grouped as shown in FIG. 13. For example, the signal picked up at piezoelectric capsule 91 is transmitted to an input of an algebraic adder-subtractor 98 by means of an amplifier 95, while the signal picked up at piezoelectric capsule 93 diametrically opposed to capsule 91 with respect to the bar concerned is transmitted to a second input of the algebraic adder-subtractor 98 by means of a second amplifier 96 and an inverter 97. Similarly, the signals picked up at the other two piezoelectric capsules and 94 related to the same bar and to the same opening, are grouped in a second, identical, circuit. The same process is applied to all the piezoelectric capsules related to the other openings and the signals are simply picked up at the output of the adders-subtractors 98. It can readily be shown that the system of 12 matrices shown in Table 1 can be reduced to the six matrices of Table 2 seen in FIG. 16, in which the three left hand matrices correspond to three translation movements along the three axes XX', YY' and ZZ' of the trirectangular trihedron XYZ, while the three right hand matrices correspond to rotations about each of the axes of the trirectangular trihedron. For each datum provided by the manipulator there is thus a set of six alalog values corresponding to the respective extent of each of the six elementary movements. In accordance with the representation in FIG. 14, a H.F. generator 40 adjusted to avoid resonance feeds in parallel the sixteen piezoelectric capsules that the manipulator of FIG. 12 comprises. Only one of these capsules is shown in FIG. 14. Any variation of pressure on one of these capsules causes a variation of voltage Vs picked up at the terminals of a resistor 41 connected in series between the H.F. generator 40 and each capsule 91. This signal Vs is rectified in a bridge of rectifiers 42 and processed by the logic devices which comprise circuits such as those shown in FIG. 13 and an analog-digital converter. The variations of the signal Vs and of all the other analog signals are processed to obtain a velocity command for the robot terminal that is proportional to the variation of signal Vs. Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Patent Citations
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Asian mega-cities offering to/from RPKs in excess of 5 billion annually will drive demand for Airbus A380 aircraft, with Airbus predicting the number of such cities growing from 9 now to 17 by 2029.
According to Airbus, Chinese cities with RPKs of over 5 billion will double to six by 2029, while India will have two such cities - Delhi and Mumbai. Asia will also see a marked rise of cities offering to/from RPKs between 1-5 billion, as well as cities offering to/from RPKs between 250-1000 million.
Airbus senior vice president product strategy and market forecast Chris Emerson made the mega cities prediction at a media briefing at Asian Aerospace 2011. He noted that there are 43 A380s in service today, serving 28 routes and 20 destinations.
Although carriers have generally ordered the A380 for long, intercontinental routes and not for domestic services, Emerson says that carriers are still operating the A380 as a "flagship" aircraft. Over time he expects the aircraft to be increasingly used for short-haul, high density routes such as those in China.
Though Airbus views China as a key market for the A380, only one Chinese carrier has ordered the aircraft, China Southern Airlines, which has five on order.
The carrier's first A380 had its maiden flight on 3 March to Hamburg from Toulouse, after completing final assembly and system tests. In Hamburg the aircraft will be painted and its cabin will be installed. Airbus declines to provide a firm delivery date, saying only that it will be delivered in the second half of 2011.


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In this episode of The Lab, Daddy Clay and Daddy Brad tackle the subject of negotiating "me time" with your wife or spouse. The dads talk with an expert who explains the impact the energy level of a parent has on his or her children. They also share their tactics for having their own quality time. How should a dad of a newborn approach me time? Can exercise or driving to kids sports practices be good alone time for parents? What is the best way to negotiate for me time without creating conflict? If you've got thoughts on this subject, drop a comment on this video or visit us at DadLabs.com and let us know what you think. DadLabs Ep. 667 is brought to you in conjunction with Man of the House. Distributed by Tubemogul.
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William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford | |
Portrait by Anthony van Dyck.
Spouse(s) | Mary Stafford |
Noble family | House of Howard |
Father | Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel |
Mother | Alethea Talbot |
Born | 30 November 1614 |
Died | 29 December 1680 Tower Hill, London, England |
Blessed William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford | |
Martyr | |
Venerated in | Catholic Church |
Beatified | 1929, Rome, Italy by Pope Pius XI |
Feast | 29 December |
Attributes | Catholic martyr |
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, FRS (30 November 1614 – 29 December 1680) was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and his wife, the former Alethea Talbot. A Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665,.[1] he was a Royalist supporter before being falsely implicated by Titus Oates in the later discredited "Popish Plot", and executed for treason. He was beatified as a Catholic martyr in 1929.
Early life[edit]
William grew up in a nominally Anglican household, his father having converted to the Church of England in 1616.[1] William was undoubtedly exposed to Roman Catholic influences, as almost all of the Howard family remained loyal to that faith even when they conformed outwardly to the Established Church.[2]
His grandfather, Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel had been imprisoned by Elizabeth I in the Tower of London for being a Catholic and had died there after 10 years' imprisonment. In 1620, William was placed in the household of Samuel Harsnett, Bishop of Norwich for an education, then attended St John's College, Cambridge, at age 11 in 1624, but did not receive a degree.[3] He was still regarded as part of the Church of England in 1633, still listed as an Ecclesiastical Commissioner.[1]
Marriage and children[edit]
He married Mary, sister of Henry Stafford, 5th Baron Stafford by a licence granted 11 October 1637. The Staffords were Catholics and the marriage was conducted by a Catholic, not an Anglican, priest, to the reported embarrassment of the groom's father. Following the forced surrender of the barony by Roger Stafford, 6th Baron Stafford, the Howard family secured the title for William, their being created Baron and Baroness Stafford on 12 September 1640. Two months later, William was created Viscount Stafford. The couple had 3 sons and 6 daughters, of which are known:[4][5]
- Henry Stafford Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford, 2nd Viscount Stafford. Married Claude-Charlotte, daughter of Philibert de Gramont and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Hamilton; died without issue and was succeeded by his brother John's son.
- John Stafford Howard. Married firstly Mary, daughter of Sir John Southcote of Merstham; married secondly Theresa, daughter of Robert Strickland.
- Francis Stafford Howard, who married Eleanor, daughter of Henry Stafford.
- Ursula Stafford Howard, who became a nun.
- Delphina Stafford Howard, who became a nun.
- Alethea Stafford Howard, who became a nun.
- Isabella Stafford Howard, who married John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester
- Anastasia Stafford Howard, who married George Holman, of Warkworth
Exile and return[edit]
Stafford and his family left England in August 1641, moving to Antwerp; his parents had also left England and were in the same area. He was allowed by Parliament to return to England with his wife, in 1646 and 1647; but in 1649 his estates were sequestered and compounded for recusancy and royalism. At his trial in 1680, he claimed to have performed many duties for King Charles I during this time, travelling between England and the Low Countries, and visiting Rome, the Palatinate and Heidelberg; in the last of which he was imprisoned for a year, allegedly for immorality. John Evelyn years later referred to the charge discreetly as "a vice that need not be named, but of which I am sure he repented." Stafford was imprisoned in 1656 in the Netherlands, this time for his father's debts. There were many quarrels over the Howard inheritance, especially between William and his elder brother's family, which had pursued a series of suits against William and their mother for additional money.[2]
During the Popish Plot he pointed out the absurdity of linking him with Lord Arundell as a co-conspirator, since they had not been on speaking terms for 25 years. Over the years he quarreled with many of his Howard relations, including Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, the head of the family, which was to prove unfortunate in 1680 when several of them sat as his peers to try him for treason. According to John Evelyn, of his close relatives in the House of Lords only the Earl of Arundel voted Not Guilty. He returned to England at the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 and was restored to his estates. He was never really prominent in political affairs nor among Catholics, although he did promote the removal of the anti-Catholic penal laws with King Charles II and James, Duke of York. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665 onwards, becoming a council member in 1672.[1]
His relative obscurity was held against him during the Plot; informers like Stephen Dugdale cunningly invented quite plausible speeches in which he lamented the King's ingratitude and the lack of reward the Howards had received for their loyalty. In fact Stafford, like his fellow Plot victim John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse thought that under the tolerant regime of Charles II, the Catholic nobility were as well off as they could reasonably expect to be; at his trial he maintained that he had always argued that: "we have no other interest than to be quiet".[6]
Popish Plot[edit]
In 1678, he was implicated by Titus Oates's later discredited "Popish Plot", and sent to the Tower of London on 31 October 1678, along with four other Catholic peers. They were due to be put on trial in early 1679, but Charles prorogued Parliament and it was delayed. Scepticism about the plot grew and it was thought that the imprisoned peers might be released, but anti-Catholic feelings revived in 1680 and Stafford was put on trial in November for treason.[7]
Evidence against Stafford came from Oates, who said he had seen a document from the Pope naming Stafford as a conspirator and from Stephen Dugdale, who testified that Stafford had tried to get him to kill the King. A third witness, Edward Turberville said he had also visited Stafford in Paris and had also been asked to kill Charles. Stafford, like all those charged with treason in that era, was denied defence counsel and forced to conduct his own defence,[8] bringing forward witnesses to counter the evidence against him. One such witness would have been Richard Gerard of Hilderstone who had come to London to testify, but was imprisoned on the word of Stephen Dugdale; Gerard died in jail before the trial.[9] Although the Lord High Steward, Heneage Finch, conducted the trial with great fairness, it was not enough: while Stafford maintained his innocence with vigour, John Evelyn, a spectator, thought his speeches "very confused and without method".
Stafford was convicted by a majority of 55 to 31 and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered, the punishment of traitors, which was commuted by the King to beheading. The King later said that he had signed the death warrant "with tears in his eyes".[10] He added that Stafford's accusers had his blood on their hands, just as he later told Lord Essex that the blood of Oliver Plunkett was on his head.[11]
Stafford was executed on Tower Hill on 29 December 1680.[1] Gilbert Burnet wrote that he was quickly forgotten, but others thought that the publication of a version of his final words, addressed to his daughter Delphina (a nun at Leuven), in which he spoke eloquently of his innocence: "My good child, I pray God bless you.... your poor old father hath this comfort, that he is totally innocent" helped turn public opinion against the Plot.[12]
Stafford was attainted and the family lost the title; the title of Baron Stafford was returned to the Howard line in 1824 with the attainder being reversed but the title of Viscount was extinct as there were no male heirs. His widow, Mary, had her titles restored with the accession of James II and she was created Countess of Stafford on 5 October 1688, at the same time her son was created Earl of Stafford.[13]
He was beatified by Pope Pius XI in 1929.
- ^ a b c d e William Howard, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ a b "Ven. William Howard". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
- ^ "Howard, William, dominus (HWRT624W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance, by John Burke. Published 1831, by Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley
- ^ Profile at Tudorplace.com[unreliable source]
- ^ Kenyon, J.P. The Popish Plot Phoenix Press reissue p.46
- ^ Kenyon p.231
- ^ 7 Howell's State Trials, 1293, 1339 (House of Lords, 1 December 1680; he could not have counsel with him while evidence being presented against him). A very detailed transcript of the proceedings is available from Google books.
- ^ John Kenyon, The Popish Plot (1972), pp. 51, 164.
- ^ Kenyon p.232
- ^ Kenyon p.234
- ^ Fraser, Antonia King Charles II Mandarin edition 1993 p.400
- ^ Kenyon p.296
- "Howard, William (1614-1680)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
External links[edit]
- Blessed William Howard High School Stafford U.K.
- Speech given from the scaffold by Blessed William Howard
This section does not cite any references or sources. (January 2015) |
Ancestors of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- 1614 births
- 1680 deaths
- Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
- English Roman Catholics
- Cavaliers
- Howard family (English aristocracy)
- Barons Stafford (1640)
- People executed under the Stuarts for treason against England
- English people executed by decapitation
- Victims of the Popish Plot
- 17th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
- 16th-century venerated Christians
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- People executed by Stuart England by decapitation
- Viscounts in the Peerage of England


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Read It-See It Films: The Indian in the Cupboard
Sunday, March 17, 2013 - 2:00pm
Your favorite books turned into Films! Make it a Sunday Funday!
Film-THE INDIAN IN THE CUPBOARD
Great stories often jump off the page. With the Ritz Film Series they are catapulted to the big screen. The Ritz will present great books, beloved narratives and recent best sellers that have beent urned into hit movies. The books will be available at the library, offering ample opportunity to "read the movie" preceding the film screening.
Make it one great weekend with the kids. Book a room Saturday and make it a family fun weekend!
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Groundhog Day with Buckeye Chuck
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Feb 07
Cooking Class
3:00 pm - 4:00 pm


text: Tim Marlow: Great Artists Rodin Facebook Google Tumblr Pinterest Blogger Reddit VKontakt Print Email About this programme The art historian takes an in-depth look at the life and career of 19th-century French sculptor Auguste Rodin, who rose from humble beginnings to become an artist often cited as one of the founders of modern art. During the course of his life, he overcame the ravages of the Franco-Prussian War and the upheaval of a move to Brussels to produce masterpieces including The Kiss and The Thinker. Cast and crew Cast Presenter Tim Marlow Crew Director Phil Grabsky Director Andrew Hutton Executive Producer Phil Grabsky Categories Arts Documentary Like this? Share it. Facebook Google Tumblr Pinterest Blogger Reddit VKontakt Print Email


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The Story: After the Obama administration's announced that health insurance coverage would require the inclusion of contraception and abortifacients, several Christian leaders---including Chuck Colson, Richard Land, and Rick Warren---called on evangelicals to stand with Catholics in civil disobedience to this law.
The Background: In a special edition of his weekly video segment, Chuck Colson said:
We have come to the point---I say this very soberly---when if there isn't a dramatic change is circumstances, we as Christians may well be called upon to stand in civil disobedience against the actions of our own government. That would break my heart as a former Marine Captain loving my country, but I love my God more . . . I've made up my mind---sober as that decision would have to be---that I will stand for the Lord regardless of what my state tells me.
On the same day, Saddleback pastor Rick Warren wrote on Twitter:
I'm not a Catholic but I stand in 100% solidarity with my brothers & sisters to practice their belief against govt pressure [...]
I'd go to jail rather than cave in to a govement mandate that violates what God commands us to do. Would you? Acts 5:29
And Richard Land and Barrett Duke wrote in an op-ed:
The Obama administration has declared war on religion and freedom of conscience. This must not stand. Our Baptist forebears died and went to prison to secure these freedoms. It is now our calling to stand in the gap and defend our priceless First Amendment religious freedoms.
Why It Matters: Because opposition to contraceptives is most closely associated with orthodox Catholics, media have portrayed the current controversy as a Roman Catholic issue. But as these evangelical leaders make clear, the direct assault on freedom of conscience should be a grave concern for all believers.
Acts 5:20 records a profession of Peter and the apostles that all evangelicals should heed: "We must obey God rather than men." In almost all cases, Christians are required to obey the laws of the state. But when we are forced to choose between obedience to God or obedience to man, we have no other recourse but to disobey the magistrate and obey King Jesus.
(Via: Denny Burk)
[Note: If you find a story our community should know about, please send the link to joe.carter *at* thegospelcoalition.org.]
Joe Carter is an editor for The Gospel Coalition and the co-author of How to Argue Like Jesus: Learning Persuasion from History's Greatest Communicator. You can follow him on Twitter.


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I certainly hope for a more diverse product line across all line and companies. This is the best for the consumer. Those of you that can remember the USSR. They had little choice, and the products were pretty much crap. No innovation, no drive to be better, a society that became weak and dull. But then again - maybe after everything is said and done - it is a phone.
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Hi Everyone,
My name is Mindy, I live in the Denver area. I'm new here, and completely new to flower bed gardening. The house that were are currently living in used to by my fiance's parent's house and his mom was an avid gardener and I've only had a vegetable garden last year. Both the front and back yards are completely edged in beds, and the back yard also has terraced beds. The house was vacant for a couple of years, and the beds neglected. I've tried asking my MIL what do with the beds and she was really vague about it. They used to be very beautiful and lush, and now they're in such a sorry state it just makes me sad to look at them like this! I'm now trying to bring them back to life, but really have no idea what I'm doing! I've been trying to take out the obvious weeds (haven't gotten to all of them yet), but with some of the plants, I can't tell if they're weeds or not. And there are many things coming up this year that didn't come up last year. A lot of it seems overgrown to me, so I've started taking out some of the plants that look spent, which is helping, but beyond that I'm clueless! The driveway is also lined with hedges, but it's dying and I don't know why. It doesn't appear to have any diseases, but large parts of the bushes are just dead now. If anyone can offer some advice on how to go about this, or direct me to a good place to start, I'd appreciate it! Thanks!! Mindy BTW, I'm including a link to some pictures of it. I took them mid weeding so there's stuff everywhere! |
Here is a link that might be useful: yard album
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by col_sprg_maters Front Range 5 (My Page) on Wed, Jun 2, 10 at 15:23
Taking over an In-Law's fatigued 'work of art' can be loaded with mine fields. I would start by: 1 getting a moisture meter and seeing if things are too dry 2 asking the neighbors for info/ pictures about the flower beds. Take foodie/goodies 3 consider the labor, cost, fertilizer & water to do what every you think. Our water bills are really going up in colorado and it might be time to think about a fancy xeriscape garden so get the meter and start taking readings; might ask the water company for the last 3 years bills and forecast what the worst one would be today. thats my input D in colorado springs |
- Posted by dan_staley 5b/S 2b AHS 6-7 (My Page) on Wed, Jun 2, 10 at 15:38
You want a decent ID book. There are some weeds in there, but not many; there are, however, some things starting to be shaded out, some getting too big for their spot, some inappropriate for our increasing water costs (Denver Water will, trust me, start tiering your rates and second tier - landscaping - will be designed to help you go xeric). Go to Denver Botanic Gardens or a decent library for a good book for the Denver area-xeriscape plants - go when Master Gardeners are there (weekends often). You don't want an English cottage garden in this place, you want plants adapted to our climate. Those butchered-into-poodle shapes-Ribes or whatever make me sad and they should go. You'll likely grow to dislike aspen and that silver maple. But overall not bad. Dan |
How about trying to figure out whats there. Letting it grow this yr. Get your book and label the plants. You may be very surprised at the plants that are there. Maybe MIL has some pics of the gardens. Just another thought. |
- Posted by lavender_wings (My Page) on Wed, Jun 2, 10 at 20:23
Thanks for the help everyone! I've been poking around on different sites and several of the plants out there right now are listted as xeriscape types that are good for the area. So, once I get all the junk cleared out, I'm going to just plant more xeriscape types. Water is just too expensive to do otherwise. And probably mulch too, there isn't any out there and all the areas that aren't covered with ground cover dry out really, really fast, are starting to look sandy, and in some places cracking. The butchered hedges are my FILs...he doesn't want anyone to touch them. Last summer when they were here, they cut them down and said "they'll come back!" but this year they're just even more dead and look horrid. And then the parts that are growing back are just spreading instead of staying in the hedge area. I think they're called golden privet. Should I just try and remove them and replant, or would there be too many roots in the ground? |
- Posted by greenbean08 5 CO (My Page) on Wed, Jun 2, 10 at 21:46
While the house was vacant, were the beds ever watered? If not, I'd bet that if it's still alive, it's pretty xeric :-) You might also be interested in this xeriscape site: http://www.gardencentersofcolorado.org/xratedgardening/. If the mother doesn't want to help ID, maybe the neighbors can at least tell you what are weeds. Some of them might fool you for a season, but you'll figure out pretty soon what you don't want to let grow. |
Here is a link that might be useful: X-Rated Gardening (Xeriscape)
- Posted by autodidact (My Page) on Mon, Jun 7, 10 at 18:05
Sounds fun. Where in Denver are you? Maybe some of us could make a field trip to your house and share some thoughts. *hint* Skybird *hint*. Whatever she had in there, you probably only want to keep the xeric and plant new xeric perennials. There are so many beautiful flowers that do well in Denver. Do rush down to the Botanic Gardens and make yourself absolutely sick with envy and crammed full of ideas. This sounds like a very fun project to me. Frankly I envy you. The beds are already made, and now you get to plant them! Also you should come to the Spring swap next year. Also do you know about free mulch from the city? There are so many good books for gardening in Denver, all available from our fabulous public library. They will give you lots of ideas. Colorado Gardener's Guide. Month-to-Month Gardening in Colorado, Best Garden Plants of Colorado... |
Field trip works for me, AD, if Lavender is interested! I'm sorta out of Colorado right now, and I did look at the pics when they were first posted, but didn't have time to reply before leaving, but the very first suggestion I'd have would be to start getting rid of the snow-on-the-mountain---the green and white leafy stuff that's under the tree (if I remember right) and clearly spreading all over the place-----which is exactly what that stuff does. Other than that, I agree with what others have said---get rid of as many weeds as you can (and snow-on-the-mountain definitely falls into the weed category in my book!), take care of the rest of it, and keep trying to identify exactly what you have where. There are a lot of good plants in there, and even the neglected looking ones should come around nicely with a little TLC. If AD whats to join me for a field trip and you're interested in identity on a bunch of the perennials, Lavender, let us know. Overall, you have the start for a really great garden there. Bedtime---will be driving most of tomorrow again---and will once again be computer incommunicado! Skybird |
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Senior Member
Kinda sad they've taken her in the direction of "OMG SUPAH-NUMBAH ONE DEEPS!" with some support utility on the side instead of retooling her into a useful 0 CS support champion. Lord knows we already have a ton of AP carries.
Junior Member
Excellent! As a long-time fan of Karma, I'm really excited for the remake. I also really like how her story is reflected in her new design, I love it when you guys do that! I had thought for a while that the old Karma needed some work in that area. Thanks!
Absolutely beautiful. Wow, I can't wait to see what you have in store for Trundle, Sion, and all these other champs from your relaunch team. GrumpyMonkey, you have earned my trust (along with all the other amazing artists/designers who helped make this Ionian masterpiece).
I'm glad that Traditional Karma is becoming a skin, because her new look is bloody awful. Exactly what IronStylus said it wasn't going to be. "A bit more skin" indeed.
exelsis xax
I'm gonna miss her giant fans..... I'm glad she's getting a rework however, it was really needed.
Devack The Holy


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The BH Charity Bash... proceeds go to Massachusetts Eye and Ear and the Susan G. Komen Foundation.
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Come out and party for a good cause at the BH CHARITY BASH MIAMI JUNE 6th. Lots of artists, giveaways and a great time.
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Planning on doing a Steam beer in the near future and had a question about cold crashing it. Would it even make sense?? Since I'll be using a lager yeast and fermenting at 50degrees; would cold crashing at 38 degrees make the lager yeast more active rather than settle it??
Yes cold crashing will work with lager yeast. Why do you think lowering the temp would cause the yeast to become more active? I also believe that 50 is a little low for the San Fran lager yeast (if that is what you are using). Whitelabs recommends 58-65F with WLP810. You might want to do a Diacetyl rest before you crash. Higher temps increase yeast metabolism which will help clean up the Dicetyl which can form from yeast being stressed by a lower ferm temp.


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Hey!! It's 9:39 and I'm the first post???? Up and at 'em my friends!! Lots to see and people to do... no... scratch that... reverse it!! LOL
Have a great day all!!!
Have a great day all!!!
30-Somethings - 30 Something Chat Fri.. Aug 29thView Full Version : 30 Something Chat Fri.. Aug 29th poppyseeds 08-29-2008, 10:40 AM Hey!! It's 9:39 and I'm the first post???? Up and at 'em my friends!! Lots to see and people to do... no... scratch that... reverse it!! LOL Have a great day all!!! KarenK 08-29-2008, 11:00 AM Morning all. I hope everyone is having a super Friday. I'm doing laundry so, whoohooo!! The kids are fighting over what to watch on TV, so it's going to be a super day here, NOT!! LOL. I'm in for a wonderful day. Have a great day!! milleradah 08-29-2008, 11:26 AM good morning all not much going on here doing lots of cleaning. we are 2 weeks into school and got 2 sick kids with high fevers....ohhhh sooo fun. i think it will be a long weekend around here. will drop back in later off too give out meds have a great day adah PearFreak 08-29-2008, 11:28 AM :hat:Morning Ladies!! Getting ready to head off to the gym in a few :tread: . Then will do a few errands to get ready for the long weekend. DH will be home YAHOO!!! :dancer: :dancer: :dancer: We are going to go out to eat tonight- not sure where to yet- but hoping I can keep it on the healthier side--- *fingers crossed* :o Well I need to finish chugging the coffee so I can get going... :yikes: Chat at you all later. CaffeineIV 08-29-2008, 12:07 PM Getting ready to head out, first going to the fair with the boys. I have some photography in the photography salon so I wanted to go pop in. :) Then, a couple rides with my sister-in-law and the boys, and off to the coast. I'm going to get there, and totally crash! Karen - I was just thinking this morning that maybe the next time the boys start arguing about something I'd just wait till the dust cleared, see who won and leave it at that. :) I wonder what it was like for my dad's mom having 13 kids...think that really IS what they did. Heck, maybe they started out with 25 kids and got it down to 13. :D Adah - I'm sorry about the fevers! Is that the worst of their problem or do they have stomach flu or serious cold or what? I'm nervous about those is another reason I'm a bit freaked out by getting my youngest into school. He gets a 104 degree fever at the drop of a hat (always around 3 in the morning) but hasn't been in school or pre-school or anything other than kid's church before. Germs LOVE pre-K and with as many times as we've been to the ER with him for croup...well, I'm just making sure we have gas in the car all year. Pear - do Thai or Japanese if you like either...or maybe Greek. Ooh...or you could REALLY splurge :D hehe :D and go to Chipotle if you have one there. Split a fajita burrito and with the sour cream and guacamole (but without the cheese) you'll be running around 500 calories...but pretty healthy still. RLK2005 08-29-2008, 12:59 PM Hi everyone! Sorry I have been MIA. What a week. I need to know who thinks it's crazy to get a puppy now if I am going to be having another baby in the spring? Anyone? Trying to make that decision today. And, yes, I may be pregnant again--shocking. Waiting to hear my results from the blood test. I did lose a small amount again this week. I better go--sorry to rush! GatorgalstuckinGA 08-29-2008, 03:26 PM afternoon all....have another day off today. Got up and took the dog to the barn with me. I enjoyed a nice morning ride before it got warm. Dog enjoyed roling in the manure and then found a dead squirrel to roll around in...yuck dogs can be soooo gross LOL. So another bath for the doggie. But it was a great morning. Then dh txt me and wanted me to meet him for lunch...awww how sweet. He know i was going to run errands down by his work/school..so we met for lunch...tried a new place for lunch...it had good food but man it was expensive. 12.95$ for chicken quesadillas...and that was the lunch menu...wow that's expensive...maybe i'm just cheep LOL. Then i check out a few motorcycles as the shop down the street. My motorcycle course is next week...and i'm really itching for a bike. I looked at a few....DH and i were thinking of a Honda rebel since its lightweight...but i also looked at a honda shadow (just a bit bigger bike) and it was nice...and I was able to pick up the bike without too much issues. So we'll see what we find. I then ran a bunch of errands. Now i'm home..and tonight is the 80's concert....nice weather for an outdoor concert. rlk=here's my opinion about a puppy with kids...i don't recommended it. I see so many dog's who dont get the socialization and training needed due to lack of time. Kids take time...puppies take time. Now don't get me wrong, i won't look down on you if you decided to get one...but you need to do some serious soul searching...do you have the time????? Puppies require lots of time...and many time i see clients who get a puppy thinking it would be great for the kids...but honestly...babies requrie work as do dogs. And i see tomany that people don't have enough time....and then they wonder why the dog's have behavior issues. If you think you have the time...then maybe...but remember you are probably already tired with one kid and possibly another on the way (congrats if so). Just some thing to think about (: Alright all..check back later! LBH 08-29-2008, 08:24 PM HI All, Sorry, got busy today and didn't check in! :( Rikki, DON'T DO IT! :lol: We got our puppy in April at 13 wks. old. He's a black lab mix and he's a complete nut case! :lol: Cute, but completely out of control. He's doing well clicker training, but definitely has selective hearing! I would not recommend getting a puppy now. I wish we had waited a few more years. CONGRATS if you're PG! RLK2005 08-29-2008, 08:45 PM Thanks for the advice! I AM pregnant so that's exciting. And I actually have 3 other kids so I am a little busy. I will keep you posted!! milleradah 08-29-2008, 09:02 PM caffeineiv well after a very long trip to the er my dd has strep. it was the same way with her the only group of kids she was around was at church too. her first year was so bad i thought i was going too go crazy. really all you can do it make sure they eat and get good sleep. i wish i could tell you it gets better but now with 2 in school it seems like one of them is sick. rlk2005 congrats to you!!!!! hope everyone has a good night adah CaffeineIV 08-29-2008, 09:26 PM Well, the beach trip is very much on hold right now. My mom is on her way to the doctor. He thinks she might have a DVT (deep vein thrombosis). Hopefully she's fine, but I'm hovering by the phone a bit right now. Ok, on dieting topic here. Have any of you done the "rotation diet"? I'm doing it though I feel a bit guilty admitting it. It is pretty much a few weeks of ****. I know it is really really rigid and a bit insane. My problem is though that doing things like WW or calorie counting doesn't work. I'm a bit OCD and have to fight to keep from turning anorexic. Doing WW I would start counting points and doing fine for a bit, then start seeing if I could ONLY eat the minimum number. Then, I'd start eating less than the minimum and it would go downhill from there and I'd have to force myself to stop. Counting calories is even worse. I was doing that once, finally, after about 3 months of eating only 200 calories a day (and making sure it was 1 gram of fat or less) I realized I had to stop. That was back when I didn't even need to lose weight, but I still do that sort of thing if I don't pay attention. I'm fat because of seizure medication...gaining 50 pounds in one month after another 2 months of gaining about 20-25. I've just never gotten it off. I HAVE to do something but I have to do it without letting myself turn anorexic. The Rotation diet has a menu you follow. I can do it, I like the food, it is healthy food, and then you get a break. I don't want to do something like Nutrisystem because for one reason...can't afford it. For another though, it doesn't really help me because I need to just do food we have around the house since I also make food for the boys and my DH. Anyway, just wondering if anyone else has even remotely similar experiences and how others have done with the rotation diet. My best friend's friend lost over 100 and has kept it off for 7+ years, but still...I'd like to know another person. :) poppyseeds 08-30-2008, 10:22 AM Rikki... NO puppy. I speak from experience. Please... do yourself a favor... enjoy the pregnancy... quietly!! 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Submitted by booksgirl on
About This Project
This took me an afternoon because I have never used a compound mitre saw before so I was teaching myself through trial & error.
It was really fun to try and I will definitly be making more!
Required Skill Level:
Starter Project
Estimated Time Investment:
Afternoon Project (3-6 Hours)
Finish Used:
Minwax stain
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Pam the Goatherd replied on Permalink
Good job!
Good job!
booksgirl replied on Permalink
Thank you Pam :)
Thank you Pam :)


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Why join SPEA's Alumni Association?
When you become a member of the IU Alumni Association, you also become a member of the SPEA Alumni Association and your local alumni chapter—perfect ways to network!
The SPEA Alumni Association provides alumni with networking events, prestigious speakers, career enhancing opportunities, and many ways to re–connect with the School. All of this is made possible by dues–paying members.
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I'm looking for a set (rims and tires) of 18" 4runner limited wheels from '06 to '09. The wheels need to be in good condition with no bends, no major dings, no deep scratches, tire size of 265/60/18 and good even tread depth 70%+. I perfer 5 would be interested in a set of 4.
I perfer someone that is within 250 miles from Boston, MA so I can drive there and pickup, but I'll be willing to pay for shipping if you meet the following conditions: 1) your an active member on this forum with a high post count or can have other members with high post count vouch for you and 2) your willing to receive payment by paypal.
These wheels will be going on my Lex GX470, I'm an active and longtime member of www.clublexus.com, feel free to send me PM here or on clublexus (same user handle - kphu)
attached pic of wheels I'm looking for.


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a couple years ago we posted a question concerning our patio the had an area where about a 6' x 6' area of the concrete had crumbled/broken up ,,, due to temp. or moisture when it was poured?
Some one gave a procedure that we followed & the area to this day has held up fine. Now we can't remember the procedure?!! First we cleaned it up as much as possible of the loose rubble & then we remember we poured muriatic acid on the area... but after that we don't recall the next steps we used & the final mix of concrete poured on the area. Would anyone heard of this or have any idea how this procedure worked? Neighbor has the similar concrete problem & would like to tell them what we did! Thanks for any ideas! |
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Ximena travels to Beijing, China to announce Yue-Sai Kan as the new national director for the Miss Universe China Pageant.
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More reviews by cutelildeadbear
Okay so I have to edit my initial review on this product after using it for a few months. I started to wonder if my scalp itching was not due to the shampoo but something else. I still don't know, but what I do know is that after using the shampoo for about 3 weeks to a month, my scalp no longer itched. So either it was not caused by the shampoo, or my scalp had to acclimate to it. This sometimes happens to certain people when they switch products. Anyway, I loved this product from the beginning aside from the itching and now that it doesn't make my head itch anymore I love it even more. I have already bought it 2 more times.
It smells amazing to me. Like roses and oranges. I don't find the fragrance too overwhelming though. Not perfumelike.
It really makes my hair feel clean yet very very soft and moisturized. I feel as if I could use the poo without the conditioner (sometimes- I love my conditioner).
It is a creamy texture- not runny and not too thick either, and it has a nice lather, which isn't very common for the natural/sulfate/paraben free shampoos. I don't have to use very much either, it lasts forever.
Lastly, I am a sucker for cool packaging, and it needs to be functional, meaning I want to get every last drop out of the bottle. The bottles are very sleek and stylish and unique and the way they are designed, you will get all of the product out because the cap is at the bottom so it doesn't get stuck in there. Gravity does all the of the work.
I have been telling everyone about this 'poo and I recommend everyone try it. Just make sure you get the right one for your hair type.
I have long highlighted blond hair. It's chronically dry. I have dry skin as well so it's not a chemically damaged situation, just dry. I've used every top end hair care line and even hydrating shampoos felt like they were stripping my hair. I had to use gobs of thick conditioner to get my hands through it after rinsing. With hydrate. Me. my hair feels nourished before getting near the hydrate.me. rinse that closes the cuticle. It's the most impressive shampoo I've ever used. It's a pretty decent value as well because although you only get 250ml of product for around $28 CAD, only a dime size amount of product is needed. The amount of lather is ridiculous. I have had my bottle for around 5 months and still have at least 1/4 left using it 2-3 times a week. This shampoo and the accompanying rinse are amazing. It will absolutely transform your hair.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Love this product. Name says it all. Just a little expensive. I find the redken extreme range much better value
I had two problems with this shampoo. First, it was just mediocre. I did not get anything I don't get from my AG Colour Savour or my L'Anza Healing Moisture. Well, that is a lie, I did get one thing from KM that I didn't get from the others...an allergic reaction. Nothing too major, but a super itchy head. When I returned it to the salon for this reason, the receptionist said I am not alone. Even the salon owner can not be too close to the stuff when they are doing practice sessions with these products because of reactions. So, here in lies the end of my KM obsession. Lemmings killed.
For this price, the shampoo should really wow. This did not. I was so excited to try this too, because my first KM product was the blonde.angel treatment and I really liked it (especially the smell). This doesnt have an awesome herb/natural oils fragrance like the blonde.angel treatment. It doesnt smell bad by any means, but Im hard pressed to describe what it does smell like. Kind of earthy-fruity. I was surprised at how well it cleaned my hair. For a heavy moisturizing shampoo, it definitely was too heavy handed in the cleansing department. Sometimes my hair is so damaged and frail, it can handle only the slightest amount of cleaning, which is really where I feel this shampoo should be. I used it with the corresponding conditioner, and Im not sure which is to blamr, but my hair definitely ended up with a weird heavy feeling on top and a kind of stiffness. It made drying my hair difficult, and after just 3 uses, I had lost a very significant amount of hair. My hair had a tough, inflexible feel, and would not brush, dry, or style properly. I am very disappointed with this product. Because I liked the blonde.angel treatment so much though, I am still tempted to try the blond.angel wash and rinse or the luxury wash and rinse. Maybe my hair will like one of those better. Although it is an expensive gamble.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I don't know how this stuff does it but this shampoo somehow cleans my hair without stripping, soften and moisturize without weighing it down, and somehow detangles my locks without the need of conditioner. it smells good, not great, to me at least and has sleek, unique packaging. I love using this stuff. it's been my favorite shampoo I've used and can see using this and recommending this for a long time.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Excellent, hydrating shampoo that masks fried hair ends. Hair appears thicker without being weighed down. I have fine hair but preferred this to the Angel Wash.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
It is exactly what it claims: hydrating. If your hair is in need of serious TLC then this is your shampoo. However, if you have long hair and your ends are fried despite getting copious hair cuts (such as myself) then you probably want to stay away from this. The smell is a different kind of scent and quite frankly it's something you'll have to smell for yourself but I do find it pleasant. It's thick and you don't need too much to lather. You get a standard 8 ounces but if you wash your hair every day or every other day because you work out like I do, this is far from budget friendly and not the most cleansing shampoo. Even when I took a few weeks off from working out I find that it significantly weighs down my roots even after just blow drying it and almost makes them looking oily (and no, I am not applying conditioner or any other products at or near my roots, thank you very much.) This is not the shampoo for me but it is a great shampoo if you need some serious hydrating. I absolutely love the conditioner. I will gladly repurchase that because I don't even need a deep conditioner after using that sucker.
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Ouch! Happy hair, miserable scalp. This made my hair shiny, moisturized and smooth- amazing! But after one use the itchiness started and after two, I had a rash on my scalp. Too bad! I love the conditioner, though, and will continue to buy.
HG. I use this in winter for extra moisture, and switch to the Angel wash in warmer weather. My hair has never looked or felt better. And it's gorgeous smelling, with the best ingredients and none of the baddies. You only need a tiny amount, so while it's expensive, the bottle lasts a really long time. Thank you Kevin Murphy.
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Understanding how complex Genuity trait technologies use innovative science has never been simpler.
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New Revised Standard (NRS) | New International Version (NIV) |
16 One day, as we were going to the place of prayer, we met a slave-girl who had a spirit of divination and brought her owners a great deal of money by fortune-telling. | 16 Once when we were going to the place of prayer, we were met by a slave girl who had a spirit by which she predicted the future. She earned a great deal of money for her owners by fortune-telling. |
New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. (New Revised Standard Bible Version Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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"Extremely easy and taste great. I added 1/2 tsp of garlic salt and onion powder, a little extra pepper, parmesan cheese shavings, parsley and a little lemon at the end to finish it. This went wonderfully with some lobster tortellini. Thanks for posting."
"Made this recipe for Thankgiving and my dad, who hated sweet potatoes in everything, went crazy over it and made everyone taste it! Needless to say it was a success, it tasted delicious, and changed some people's view of sweet potatoes. I liked the marshmallows on top, they added a gooey sweetness."
"Great recipe! I was surprised that they turned out so well, usually I have trouble with crepes, but the texture and flavor was right on. I let the batter sit in the fridge overnight and it was very smooth. They were great with bananas, choclate syrup, and whip cream. Yummy"
"This is the first bread machines recipe that has ever worked out for me. The texture was so even and soft, and it tasted wonderful with even a bit more cinnamon. I added 1/4 cup more sugar and maybe will add more in the future. Thanks for sharing this recipe :) It was great."
"So easy and very delicious. LOVE it!!"
"This definitly deserves the title. It was delicious. Very moist and rich."
"Very delicious. Even when it was baking the smell was amazing, it filled the house. Also, although it was genereously spiced the herbs did not overwhelm the chicken which was tender and buttery."
"What an awesome pie! I appreciated the easy to handle, flaky, and buttery crust. I used gala apples which turned out tender and sweet..It was just perfect^_^"
"This was a hit with my family. Instead of cream of chicken I used roasted garlic cream of mushroom and 2 chicken breast, and it still turned out great! The chicken was very tender too, delicious meal overall."


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The following is an excerpt by late Aikido master Terry Dobson in the anthology "The Peaceful Warrior," edited by Rick Fields (Tarcher/Putnam, 1994) as retold by Ram Dass in An Experiment in Awareness – Mile High Church, Colorado, June 24, 1994. The train clanked and rattled through the suburbs of Tokyo on a drowsy Spring afternoon…. Read more »
Posts Tagged: love
Winning the Battle, Losing the War: A Spiritual Perspective
If you tune in to the BBC or read newspapers from around the world, you will realize that we in the U.S. are seen as an economically exploitive and not very compassionate nation, and yet we are made up of people who are compassionate. It's an interesting paradox. It's like seeing a big bully beat… Read more »
The Idea of Soul Mates
Question: The problem seems to be that when you are in a relationship, in the beginning everything is happening, but when you marry that person it changes. I've been in several relationships, major relationships, I've been married and divorced twice and I'm searching for something special. Something I'm told is called a "soul mate". Do… Read more »
Compassionate Action and Suffering
Question: How do you visualize taking compassionate action into the field to those that appear to be creating suffering? Ram Dass: In doing social action, you are often dealing with people who, by the nature of the way they are living their lives, are creating suffering. And how you do social action is like… Read more »


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Although I�ve grown Dahlias for the past several years I have to be candid in saying I unfortunately never took it seriously. It�s to my on fault for a number of reasons and I always envy the veteran growers when it comes to their knowledge.
Even though I�ve had success planting and storing over those years I�d like to point out that I live just outside of Syracuse NY and we started off the season with probably the worst (by way of wettest) early Spring I�ve ever experienced. Being in some sense the novice I am I had loads of problems trying to keep up with the weather situations going from cold and damp to 90 degree heat. It took its toll and sadly caused me to lose some of my prized plants. Now we�re dealing with wet weather again for the past several weeks since Irene. In late May and early June I purchased a few tubers that were on Sale at Home Dept. It was as a means of salvaging some of the hope I lost during the early season. The tubers in the bag looked more like they were ready for the compost pile. I cut back the overgrowth, lightly sprayed for two or three days to get out the wilt and then started them in doors in pots. After they got off to a good start I transplanted. In fact I have to be honest the ones I purchased that way did very well and beyond my expectations. Overall in fact they did better than a majority of my yearly carry overs that as of yet haven�t even bloomed at it�s Oct 4th. To make a long story short several of the Home Depot tubers were mixed. Out of those I got back two Akita�s that I lost, a Thomas Edison, a beautiful informal decorative Mauve/Purple, a real healthy looking Duet and one that I found strikingly beautiful that I�ve never seen before. Not even when I�ve attended the local State Fair Show. I have a Swan Island Catalog that shows a similar looking one called an ID Ryn Fou that�s listed as - A - 8" to 10". It�s apparent mine is ID but only 6" across is it the same plant pictured below? Thanks in Advance
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After searching for rural property for over a year in Northern California, we purchased the yet-unnamed Kalikai Farm in July 2008. The farm consists of 12 acres of flat, agricultural land, located in Middle Creek Valley in the town of Upper Lake. Nestled in the Coast Range in Lake County, the property boasts abundant, clean water, fertile clay loam soil, and is embraced by mountain vistas. With a mild to moderate climate and a high water table, the pasture is nearly always green without irrigation. Twenty walnut trees adorn the west side and provide the house with much-needed shade from the late summer sun. Numerous young redwood trees grace the curving driveway, with a few others scattered about the property. The previous owner planted all of these, as redwoods normally occur at higher elevations and closer to the coast. The predominant native species here is the Valley Oak (Quercus lobata), which incessantly tries to reestablish itself, to my delight.
A single-story stucco-and-beam house sits on the northern five acres closest to the road, while the southern seven acres sits fallow for now, previously used for oat hay cultivation. A summer dry channel bisects the property (with running water fed by a natural spring until mid-June), with a wild willow thicket on a good portion of the eastern boundary. An organic vineyard planted in Syrah is our neighbor to the west, with an extensive walnut orchard to our east. The vacant 8-acre property to the south used to be a part of this one, but was split off to be sold separately. If ever we are financially able, we hope to acquire the parcel. Combined, the property would go all the way to Clover Creek.


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Potato filling |
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You're leaving Wedding Paper Divas to see the Deal of the Day at our parent site, Tiny Prints.
You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"Easy to use and navigate when creating the design. Arrived in a timely manner. Great customer service overall. Wished the printing of our faces would have been just a little clearer but overall very satisfied with this product."
"ordered these because we needed have save the dates out yesterday and didn't have time to wait for a picture. yes, there are cuter, trendier save the dates but these were printed perfectly, delivered quickly, and are great quality. super excited. wouldn't change a thing!"
"First and foremost, I just want to say I am very pleased with the quality of the service I have received. My save the dates arrived earlier than expected even after the terrible snowstorm the northeast has just experienced. My save the dates are absolutely beautiful. The quality is better than most I have seen. I love the colors. I would definitely recommend this product to all the soon to be brides out there. It will be worth it."
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"Our Save the Dates came out better than expected! They are fun and everyone loved them. We have received so many compliments!"


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Article Index |
Whirlwind Intro to Audacity on Linux: From Recording to CD in One Lesson |
Intro to Audacity: Page 2 |
All Pages |
Audacity has nearly unlimited undo; still, it might be wise to make a backup copy of your original raw recording. I use the simple naming convention of projectname-orig-backup.
Now it's time to polish up your fab recording. Audacity has a very few functions that work during playback or recording, so always click Stop before you try to edit.
Start with deleting any sections of your new track that you don't want to keep — click and drag with the mouse cursor to select, then press the Delete key. All gone! What if you have deletion remorse and want it back? Audacity is forgiving and keeps a long Undo history, even between saves. It persists until you close Audacity. Press Ctrl+z or use Edit -> Undo to go back in time.
Audacity installs with a selection of special effects, and there is a whole world of special effect plugins for all occasions. On Debian and Debian-derivative distros try installing swh-plugins, tap-plugins, and invada-studio-plugins-ladspa. Fedora users check out the Planet CCRMA repos. The Plugins and Libraries page on Audacity.com has good information. Any Nyquist or Ladspa plugins should work on Linux, and installing third-party plugins or plugins you write yourself is easy — just copy them into /usr/share/audacity/.
Most times it is best to apply any effects before you make volume level corrections. I would love to go into detail on special effect plugins, but alas I am about to run out of paper. Don't be afraid to try them out; as long as you have backup copies of your original audio files you can go wild.
Next, adjust the volume. Maybe some parts are too loud in relation to the others, maybe some parts need a little boost. Use Effect -> Amplify for this. Enter an unsigned value like 3.0 in the Amplification box to raise the volume of your selection by three decibels, or a signed value like -3 to reduce the volume. (Of course you may use as many decibels as you want, and even fractions of decibels.) Never go over zero because this causes clipping, which creates distortion. Unlike analog audio, digital audio is unforgiving of distortion and it sounds pretty bad. There are good special effects for applying nice crunchy on-purpose distortion.
When your volume levels are all shipshape it's time to smooth out the intro and end, and any cuts in between, with fades. The easiest way to fade out or in is to select the part you want to fade, then click Effect -> Fade In or Fade Out. All you do is control the duration and the Fade effects do the rest.
Finally, apply normalization to bring the overall volume level up to the maximum. Select the whole track by double-clicking anywhere in the blue waveform, click Effect -> Normalize, check the "Remove any DC offset" box, check the "Normalize maximum amplitude to" box, set the value to zero, and click OK. (Figure 4.)
Exporting to CD-Quality WAV
Now we're in the homestretch. When your recording is all spiffed up and ready to be preserved for posterity on a CD, go to File -> Export. Choose the directory, give the file a name, and save it as a "WAV (Microsoft) signed 16-bit PCM" file (Figure 5). Then write this file to a CD using any CD-writing software you like, such as Brasero or K3B, and be sure to create a new audio project. Don't burn it as a data CD or it won't be a universal Red Book audio CD.
And that is your whirlwind introduction to the wonderful Audacity. Here some additional resources to help you get started:
- Book of Audacity, by me!
- Audacity documentation
- Audacity mailing lists
- Audio RecordingTerms Glossary