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Home › Academics › Centers and Institutes › Institute for Biochemical and Psychological Study of Individual Differences
The goal of this Institute is to employ Biochemical and Psychological studies to analyze the structures and signals of the major adaptive emotional systems. This Institute focuses on human individual differences in the systems that control the seeking of reward opportunities, the avoidance of dangers, risk-taking, risk analyses, and an individual's capacity to build realistic cognitive models of external reality. The settings, structures and signaling in the adaptive emotional systems differ from individual to individual. Broad patterns emerge in which some individuals, for example, are highly responsive to signals of new opportunities and potential rewards, but others fail to see those possibilities. Some individuals readily detect danger and threat, but others go too far, sensing danger when none exists. Some individuals are oblivious to clues of impending danger. These enduring patterns emerge in psychological studies as personality individual differences. Personality individual differences are conceptualized as the enduring parameters of briefly acting dynamic emotion systems. The Institute works to understand the dynamic modulation of genetic and other biochemical features of these emotion systems. We are currently investigating the effects of threat signals in people with known psychological variations in the personality traits of Negative-Emotionality, and Disconstraint/Sensation Seeking and known biochemical variations in serotonergic and catecholamine systems, cortisol and corticotropic releasing hormone receptors and other hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis signals.
COMT is an enzyme that helps degrade catecholamines such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. It is also involved in degrading estrogen. Within a population the DNA for the COMT gene can vary due to Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. A SNP is when a single base in the DNA changes. In the case of COMT the base Guanine changes to an Adenine. This causes one of the Valine amino acids to change to Methionine. This change causes the normally high activity enzyme to become less active. COMT works with Monoamine Oxidase, another enzyme, to break down dopamine. First step: Polymerase Chain Reaction The DNA for the COMT gene is amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This process amplifies only the specific gene enough times for the fragments to be separated and seen. Each of the three steps are dependent on temperature, and repeated about 30 times. Each cycle doubles the amount of DNA. Viewing the results with Gel Electrophroesis After the DNA is amplified many times, gel electrophoresis is used to separate the fragments based on their length. The shorter DNA pieces will travel farther across the gel. The bands indicate what the person's genotype is.
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. The serotonin transporter known as SLC6A4 recaptures synaptic serotonin back into the pre-synaptic neuron. The gene that codes for the transporter has two important polymorphisms. These polymorphisms cause the gene to be either short or long. The short gene has lower transcriptional activity and has been linked to PTSD and other anxiety disorders.
DNA Amplification The DNA is amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction as described on the COMT page. The only major difference is in the primers used. For more SLC6A4 information: HuGENavigator.net GeneCards.org


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Cultivating the art of thinking together and strengthening the innovation ecosystem
Hello, welcome to the Avatar Research Institute website. This is the first phase of our website and there will be more to come. For starters, we would like to give you some insights about our views on situation analysis, human factors and adaptation, and innovation policies.
We live in a complex world with enormous amounts of information that is overwhelming our capacity to integrate data into useful understanding and applications. When it comes to cultural and worldview information that is based upon scholarship and thoughtful consideration it is doubly difficult to locate good resources in one place. At the moment researchers, opinion leaders, and policy makers have to cut across sectors and search engine domains to locate relevant theoretical models and interesting studies that produce useful findings. Examples of these issues are as follows:
In the months to come we will be changing the website to include more interactive material---such as hosting conversations and blogs, a news & commentary section on some of the latest research findings, and providing case study material and tools that researchers, educators, and practitioners can use.
If you have something that you would like to see please let us know at: email@example.com.
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Mini Glo-Ball C/W Ceiling or Wall LightPin It Houzz |
. |
Related Info Tools |
Design by Jasper Morrison, 2002.
By FLOS.
Wall or ceiling fixture providing diffused light. Diffuser consisting of an externally acid etched, hand blown, flashed opaline glass and a matte white, injection-molded PPS threaded ring nut. Injection-molded PPS white wall fitting designed for use with a plaster-in junction box reduction ring which is secured to the standard junction box.
Material(s): Glass, Pps
Dimensions: 4.4"D X 3.4"Ext
Lamp Type: HALOGEN
Bulbs: 1 X 25W 120V G9 halogen lamp (included)
Listing: UL
Manufacturer Specifications: Click to download specifications.
Instructions: Click to download instructions.
Model(s): FU419009


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Size isn't everything, but it is scary
The champions of our cause
Astounding armorsmith
Haven't we beaten you up before?
The weird, wacky, and wtf?! of fighting game wardrobes
The cream of the K.O.-ing crop
Unleash your competitive spirit with these contemporary hits
In which game did the wallcrawler best climb walls?
Hawkeye, Ghost Rider, Firebrand, and Strider are just the start for this retail update
The other half of UMVC3's new characters were accidentally leaked on Capcom's site, here they are
At ease, soldier! We'll handle this exhaustive look at Marvel's latest movie star
GamesCom confirms what we already knew about the fighter update
Capcom drops a ton of new Ultimate MvC3 content in Tokyo
Take a deep breath and enjoy slow pans around Ultimate MvC 3's cast of fighters
Soaring Rocky-esque saga tells of the hard downtime between adventures
Capcom-backed series teaches you the ropes
The Ace Attorney delivers the smackdown with only the law at his side
Devourer of Planets plays many roles in UMVC3 updates
Maximilian and Doctor Doom take us to school on two more of UMVC3's fighters
Photo journalists and space rodents officially join the fight
Available Platforms: | PS Vita, PS3, Xbox 360 |
Published by: | Capcom |
Developed by: | Capcom |
ESRB Rating: |
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Doggies Blog: Recent Posts |
Vermont: Pug Breeders
Below is a sample search of our Pug breeders with puppies for sale. The search tool above returns a list of breeders located listings located nearest to the zip or postal code you enter. From there you can see photos of their pups, find out detailed information on their web page and contact them by email, phonoe or even get driving directions.
(Detailed contact information has been omitted Use Enter your zip or postal code above to access our up to date directory).
This is a FREE search tool! Use the form at the top to get complete listings for breeders in your area!
Bouger & Rosey's Kennel
Additional Information: Pugs.Akc & North American Registered, shots and dewormed, paper training. Loveable little puppies.We raise both fawn and black.Home raised with children. We have puppies available now.
Booger and Roses Kennel is proud to announce our latest litter�. We raise pugs in our home and they are raised with children. We give them the best... ...
Additional Information: Litter due early in December. AKC and first shots. Contact for more info
Additional Information: 50 years of breeding we assure satisfaction.Next litter due late November,visits are encouraged and welcome by appointment.Pups are suitable for pet,show or breeding,no congenital issues.
Cold Country Pugs
Additional Information: AKC PUGS,Strong Lines,Shots,Vet Cert,Written Health Guarentee. Many Repeat Customers. Vet References Available Please See Our Website For Further Information. www.coldcountrypugs.com
AKC Reg. dogs. Our pups/dogs all live within our home. I provide a loving, safe enviroment for them. My pups are all born in our... ...
KayJo Pugs
Additional Information: PUPPIES ARE HERE! Two Litters! AVAILABLE: 2 Black males RTG March 10, 2015 and 1 BLACK MALE RTG March 18, 2015
* CALL OR EMAIL FOR MORE * Please call 207-330-8515 or text, for more info. Go to website: www.kayjopugs.webstarts.com to fill out... ...
Rainbow Pugs
Additional Information: We have NO pups at this time, breeding again in fall or 2014. When we do, we will post delivery dates...whites, brindles, fawns and blacks. Pricing from $800 up to $2500. Shipping $350 USA only.
PUPPIES WE HAVE NO PUPS AT THIS TIME. Our pups are delivered in our bedroom, and raised in our living room. Our dogs are family pets, not... ...
Zadacares Pug Puppies
Additional Information: High standards of living conditions. All pugs are kept clean, healthy, and loved.
Pug puppies 1200 ( current price )New litter born December 8 2014 1 fawn male available Still available. Our family has been... ...
Murphy's Pugs
Additional Information: I do not have any puppies at the present time you can check back I ill list what I have as it comes available pugingly yours Gloria
We are a small breeder of pugs located in Warren, Ma. We have been breeding pugs for 26 years now with much pride and satisfaction. � We usually... ...
Gifford's Pugs
Additional Information: Here at the Giffords all our adults and pups are raised in the house with access to a fully fenced in yard. No kennels.....All our pugs are part of the family. I work from home so I can dedicate my time to the puppies and the adults. All pups are paper trained, then start learning to go outside to do there business to make it easier for there new owners to continue with the training of going outside. All puppies come with AKC paperwork, vet checked,health guarantee and very pre-spoiled!!!
Puppies Born October 20th, 2013. 2 females and 1 male. 1 female available. serious inquiries only...please ...
Gifford's Pugs
Additional Information: No Puppies available at this time check back soon!!!
Here at the Giffords all our adults and pups are raised in the house with access to a fully fenced in yard. No kennels..... All our pugs are... ...
Additional Information: ALL OUR PUGS WERE RECENTLY TESTED FOR P.D.E. AND ARE ALL NON-CARRIERS. FAWN MALE PUPS AVAILABLE BORN 12/13/14
We breed Pugs for temperament and quality. We try to breed the closest we can to the AKC regulations. Our puppies are from AKC champion blood... ...
Additional Information: *** All Pups spoken for Thank You :)
Hello there, I live on a mini farm with chickens, �horses, ponies ,1 cat right now and of course Pugs. I have been breeding AKC REG>pugs for... ...
Bedrock Pugs & Puggles
Additional Information: Paco is our last puggle and ready for his new fam only $500. He is a hybrid of a pug and a beagle.He has 2 puppy shots, flee meds, heartguard,clean bill of health. He is a snuggler, loves T
Paco is ready for his forever family today is 12/08/14, call us foe more info. Our pug and puggle babies are born in our sterile puppy room and... ...
Pug Puppy Breeder of Boston
Additional Information: Champion bloodlines, 2 litters due early March 2015. Fawn & Black pug puppies. Send phone # to be added to my wait list.
Welcome to Pug Puppy Breeder of Boston. Home of quality, well cared for AKC Registered - Champion Lined Pugs. Our Pug puppies and dogs... ...
Gardners Pugs
Additional Information: We have a litter due. Taking deposits now. We should have blacks and fawns. They are $1295.00
Additional Information: I have to stop applications for adoption of this little girl. Will repost if none work out, but it is looking good for her and some lucky family. No pups at this time! Hopeful for early next year.
Valentia Golden Retrievers and Pugs
Additional Information: We're Valentia Golden Retrievers and Pugs..a small hobby kennel in NE CT. Our dogs are members of our family. AKC Champions. Pug litter due on 7/6/2013. Champion Sire and Dam.......
Valentia Golden Retrievers and Pugs.....We have been owned by our dogs for more than 30 years.� We compete in AKC conformation (Show), and most... ...
Additional Information: AKC Pug Puppies.My pugs are all Champion Sired & paired to produce the nicest puppies to the pug standard.I breed Blacks & Fawns for health & quality with fabulous pedigrees.Blacks & Fawns duein fall
Healthy Pug pups bred for show or companion.Raised in home from great AKC Champion lines as well as best care & food to... ...
Additional Information: PUPPIES due 1st week of Feb 2015 . Email me if u are interested in a puppy or to be added to my wait list .
All puppies go home being dewormed starting at 2 weeks old , first shots ,akc or ckc papers and a toy smelling like mama and siblings. Puppies are... ...
Cindy's Pugs
Additional Information: All our pups have found their furever homes. Please check back with us spring of 2015 :)
We have been breeding these adorable pugs for over 10 years. All puppies are raised under foot with lots of love and both parents as... ...
Flower Pot Pugs
Additional Information: 3/17/13 Expecting Puppies due 3/17 and 3/27 2013 AKC Fawn Pugs Champion Lines. Raised in our home with our family. Please email or call to be put on our list.
3/17/13 Puppies are Coming!!! Puppies are due 3/17 and 3/27 2013 they will be ready to go the begining of May 2013. We... ...
joan moore
Additional Information: We are full time home breeder. We have fawn and black AKC/ACA pugs. We are here to help you every step of the way with your new puppy adoption. You meet mom and dad, and see the puppy nursery.
Our pups come with veterinarian 8 week clearance checkup w/documents and complete shots, one year health guarantee, and pedigree pet papers. We... ...
Casull Pugs
Additional Information: AKC reg'd Fawn puppies available. Champion sired, Mom on premises. Adults available sometimes. AKC Champion males available for stud service to select bitches. Also some rescue Pugs who need homes.
Pugs of Course
Additional Information: We have one adorable girl left. Puppies will be 8 weeks old January 14th, 2014. Puppies receive 2 de-wormers, 1st set of shots, AKC registration papers and Health Certificate.
One adorable apricot female left. Mama Kenley has a wonderful temperament, loving to her puppies. Mama Kenley is apricot in color. Papa Packer is a... ...
Country Girlz Pugz
Additional Information: Family owned, dedicated AKC hobby pug breeder. All our dogs and pups are raised in our home not a kennel.Our dogs are all pre-spoiled, socialized up to date on shots,vet checked. Next litter August 13
All our pups are adopted and in there forever loving homes! Our next breeding is planned for October 2015..... We are now accepting... ...
Christina's Angel's/Panini Pugs
Additional Information: Panini Pugs is excited to announce that Nina and Ruckus are expecting!!!!! We are so excited for this Upcoming February 2015 litter!!!!
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR ALL YOUR INQUIRIES!!! WE ARE EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE THAT NINA IS EXPECTING A LITTER IN FEBRUARY!!! We are a... ...
Smitty's Pugs - Long Island NY 631-345-0186
Additional Information: PUGS puppies. Both parents are health checked. Our precious babies were born here. Breeding quality temperament and health for 40 years.Come see the parents and play with the puppies.Long Island, NY
PUG PUPPIES FOR SALE by Sandy: 631-345-0186 Long Island NY We have Brindle, black and fawn PUPPIES now. Lovable, playfull bundles of fun! We... ...
Additional Information: PUG PUPPIES ARE AVAILABLE NOW! PUPPIES COME PRE-SPOILED WITH LOVE AND AFFECTION AT NO ADDITIONAL CHARGE.PLEASE CLICK THE TITLE HEADING ABOVE OR PROMPTS BELOW FOR MORE INFO!!631-983-6054
Pug babies ready January 2015 $1550.00 631-983-6054 MUST SEE!!!!! Long Island Pugs has brought happiness and joy with its... ...
Additional Information: AKC PUG PUPS ALL COLORS, FAWN, BLACK, APRICOT, SILVER/GRAY, WHITE, BRINDLES. OUR PUGS ARE ADORABLE AND ARE USED FOR ADDS AND COMMERCIALS ALSO OFFER A 5YR HEALTH GUARANTEE
Additional Information: WE HAVE BABIES !!! BORN 7/25/14. 6 BEAUTIFUL BOYS AND THREE G BREEDERS OF EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY AKC REGISTERED PUGS FOR OVER 30 YEARS. SOME OF THE TOP WINNING PUGS OF ALL TIME ARE IN OUR PEDIGREES
Important: breeders.NET has not screened the listed breeders and accepts no responsibility for their reputation or quality. It is your responsibility to investigate. See How to Find a Dog.
New Articles
HEALTHDog fighting used to be a sport meant to entertain police officers and firefighters, and was advertised in police gazettes. Now that numerous laws have been passed that make dog fighting illegal, the sport has simply gone underground.
DOG HEALTH Many new puppies are adopted throughout the year, especially around Holiday time. One responsibility most first time dog owners forget to take into account is the amount of veterinary care that is necessary in keeping your puppy happy and healthy! Learn the basics of finding a vet and getting puppy vaccinated.
DOG HEALTHThere are many benefits to spaying and neutering, but there are also more than a few risks. We want to give you often overlooked information you need to make a full and informed choice.
ADOPTION Are you intimidated by the prospect of "rescuing" a dog from a shelter? One reason that you may be wary of adopting a dog from a shelter is not knowing how to choose. Adopting a dog from a shelter can be a rewarding process, if you're prepared to do a reasonable amount of research.
DOG HEALTH As we get older, most of us probably have at least one prescription medication we take regularly, and for many, some form of pain reliever is a daily necessity. We might think that these same medications can help out our dogs as they get older, but their systems react to these chemical compounds in ways much different than ours.
DOG HEALTH Bringing home a new puppy is so exciting, but it doesn't take all that long for your exuberant puppy to grow into a senior dog who may have special needs. Here are the doggies.com top ten tips for taking care of your companion who has been with you through so much.
DOG FUN Whether you like to go out on your pontoon, a fishing boat, or even a canoe, life on a boat can be even better if you bring your dog along. Here's the doggies.com guide to dogs on boats. (A little different than Snakes on a Plane.)
DOG FUN There 's no doubt about it, taking your dog to the dog park involves a certain amount of good manners. Here's our guide to "keeping your nose clean" while your dog hangs out with his or her friends.


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Bryson City Courthouse, Swain County, North Carolina, Post Office of the Agency
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Ms. Shari A. Fahey
Orthopaedic Surgery, Twin Cities Orthopedics
- 560 S Maple St Ste 200
Waconia, MN 55387 - 2 Office Locations
- (952) 442-2163
Ms. Fahey works in Waconia, MN and 1 other location and specializes in Orthopaedic Surgery. Ms. Fahey is affiliated with Glencoe Regional Health Services, Ridgeview Medical Center, Abbott Northwestern Hospital and Fairview Southdale Hospital.
Gender: Not Available
Years in Practice: Not Available
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Not Available
Graduation Date: Not Available
Hospital Affiliations: Glencoe Regional Health Services, Ridgeview Medical Center, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Fairview Southdale Hospital
Specialties: Orthopaedic Surgery
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Appointments for details.


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Here is Kaley Cuoco posing on the cover of "Self" magazine in January 2013. She never disappoints, sexy woman.
She tweeted the news about doing a photo shoot for the magazine and even shared a picture from the set!… hope they come out in HQ soon.
Posted in Kaley Cuoco | Comments (0)
- Kaley Cuoco Gorgeous At FHM UK July 2013
- All Of Kaley Cuoco's Maxim Pictures
- Kaley Cuoco Cleavy In Stand Up For Pits Charity Fundraising Comedy Night
- Kaley Cuoco Butt Riding her Horse in Simi Valley
- Kaley Cuoco Bikini at a Pool in Cabo Vacation with Husband Ryan Sweeting
- Kaley Cuoco Fantastic Cleavage at the Genesis Awards Benefit Gala


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Other forums started by boasting their "refreshing aspect" with claims that their boards were a place to share knowledge. The fact and truth is that they are all owned by suppliers and manufacturers. If you say something that they do not agree with, you are banned.
The new forum at WindshieldChat.com is open and unbiased.
To view the board, go to www.WindshieldChat.com and join in!
We encourage you to join the board! Upon registration, please just skip through the ads. There will be a 'skip' button on the 3 ads. These ads will not show after registration, but they allow us to keep the board otherwise ad-free.


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Hello, hello!
The return of the french player with stupid questions!
Many cards say for example "at the start of a contest...": in case of two players who should play theirs powers first? Or strategy cards?
Can we react? "Ah ha! you play your card xx so I will play this one!"


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Gun Free Zones
Kettering University Club Wants Concealed Firearms On Campus
A goal of the effort is to allow people with concealed weapons permits to carry on campus, something that is currently illegal.
Mich. Gov. To Review Concealed Weapons Bill In Wake Of Mass Shooting In Connecticut
The House gave final approval Friday to legislation that says someone who gets extra training could be allowed to have a concealed weapon in currently "gun-free" zones.


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Smithland is a populated place located in Columbia County at latitude 33.232 and longitude -93.383.
The elevation is 305 feet. Smithland appears on the Bussey U.S. Geological Survey Map. Columbia County is in the Central Time Zone (UTC -6 hours).
Columbia County: Cities & Towns | ZIP Codes | Schools | Features (airports, churches, hospitals, etc.)
BIG Map |
Driving Directions |
Data Source - USGS GNIS FID: 59930
BOUNDARY MAPS: Township of Taylor | Columbia County
Dodson, AR
(2.4 miles ENE) Box Springs, AR (2.4 miles NNE) Sharman, AR (3.4 miles SSW) Friendship, AR (3.6 miles W) Hunt, AR (4.1 miles SSE) |
Philadelphia, AR
(4.5 miles ESE) Experiment, AR (5.3 miles WSW) Macedonia, AR (6.1 miles SE) Harmony, AR (6.4 miles SSE) Rocky Mound, AR (6.4 miles S) |
Smithland, AR
(< 0.1 mile) Mount Vernon, AR (6.7 miles N) Walker Creek, AR (11 miles SW) Beech Creek, AR (11.8 miles NNE) Western, AR (13.1 miles S) |
Bright, AR
(13.5 miles NNE) |
The Demographic Data for the 2,452 Arkansas cities, towns, counties, ZIP Codes and Census Designated Places (CDPs) profiled in this gazetteer is updated annually. Last Update: July 1, 2014.
The ZIP Code maps and the data regarding the number of residential and business addresses in each ZIP Code are updated four times per year. Last Update: November 1, 2014.
The information on the 42,864 Arkansas Physical, Cultural and Historic Features is updated six times per year. Last Update: December 2, 2014.
The School Attendance Zone Maps for 1,110 Arkansas public schools are updated four times per year. Last Update: October 6, 2014.


text: The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... by SI Wire The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... by SI Wire The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... by SI Wire Faces in the Crowd: January 12, 2015 Faces in the Crowd: January 12, 2015 by Ali Fenwick SI.com's 10 most popular stories from the week ending J... SI.com's 10 most popular stories from the week ending J... Leading Off: Pictures of the Week (Jan. 14-20) Leading Off: Pictures of the Week (Jan. 14-20) Super Bowl XLIX travel guide: What to eat, see and do i... Super Bowl XLIX travel guide: What to eat, see and do i... The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... by SI Wire Rare Photos of Jeff Gordon Rare Photos of Jeff Gordon Chris Pratt and Chris Evans make superhero Super Bowl w... Chris Pratt and Chris Evans make superhero Super Bowl w... Cheerleader of the Week: Katy Cheerleader of the Week: Katy The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... by SI Wire Boston city employees prohibited from criticizing Olymp... Boston city employees prohibited from criticizing Olymp... by SI Wire Wacky Sports Photos of the Week (Jan. 14-20) Wacky Sports Photos of the Week (Jan. 14-20) The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... The Highlight Zone: Biggest plays, latest news from las... by SI Wire Five H.S. football players charged with gang rape in Fl... Five H.S. football players charged with gang rape in Fl... by SI Wire Alaska's lack of snow could again shift start of Iditar... Alaska's lack of snow could again shift start of Iditar... Have concussions stalled football's popularity at the y... Have concussions stalled football's popularity at the y... Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More More Sports Madrid and Barcelona's strong-arm tactics could cost La Liga long-term by Sid Lowe Posted: Mon Jan. 17, 2011 When 18 of Spain's 20 First Division clubs agreed to a collective TV deal that enshrined inequality, giving Madrid and Barcelona more than a third of the money all to themselves, it appeared to be definitive proof that they had finally given up. They might as well offer their congratulations to Madrid and Barcelona for winning the next 50 league titles.That, at least, was the reaction of the two clubs that did not sign the deal: Villarreal and Sevilla. Both clubs have been extremely vociferous in their complaints. Villarreal president Fernando Roig complained that if the deal went ahead there would be "no league," while Sevilla president José María Del Nido snapped that Valencia and Atlético had demonstrated a lack of ambition by signing up for third and fourth places, leaving the top two slots the preserve of the same teams forever more."If I was an Atlético or Valencia fan, I would be furious," Espanyol director Joan Collet said, "because by signing this, they have admitted that they are fighting for third at best. By signing this, they have made it absolutely impossible for there to be a league again."Atlético and Valencia had, Del Nido said, "sold themselves"; they had been "mugs." He vowed not to agree to the proposal: "I will not sell out."Del Nido's words hide an inescapable reality. It is not just that Atlético and Valencia agreed to the proposal that annoyed him but that they could agree to the proposal; not that they gave up on the chance of competing with Madrid and Barcelona but denied Sevilla and Villarreal the chance to compete with them. Had the offer been Madrid and Barcelona 35 percent, Sevilla and Villarreal 11 percent, then 45 percent split among the rest, the reaction would surely have been rather different.When talk of a collective deal first began, one high-placed source at Sevilla admitted that every club would act on self-interest. And, strikingly, that self-interest did not mean a desire to win the league. Only two clubs could aspire to that. He also admitted that Sevilla was not sure whether to push to get closer to Madrid and Barcelona -- a push that would almost certainly be rebuffed -- or consolidate its lead over Spain's other clubs.In the end, that decision was taken away from Sevilla. Atlético's and Valencia's thought process was similar: If we can't compete with the big two -- and let's face it, we know we can't -- why not at least make sure the rest can't compete with us? The difference was that while Sevilla and Villarreal have designs on being Spain's best club, they do not have the fan base, or history, or TV profitability of Valencia and Atlético.That is the reality that underlines the whole issue. Spain's league has little or no coercive power. It is simply a confederation of clubs. And those clubs do not all have the same objectives. For some, the Madrid-Barça issue is irrelevant. It is not their war. As the Villarreal president said: "It's not normal to have two clubs earning 15 times more, but it's very hard to get the clubs to agree [to anything else]. There's no unity. The LFP has a very difficult role."Every club has an equal vote, but equality is a myth. Everybody knows that Madrid and Barcelona are the most powerful -- especially Madrid and Barcelona themselves. No deal can survive, much less prosper, without Madrid and Barcelona. The league would not be the same without them -- and that is a point about which the big two are quick to remind the others clubs. The threat of losing them always hangs in the air.That is quite a threat. Madrid and Barcelona are well aware of their significance; maybe too aware. They simply could not care about the other clubs and there is logic in their intransigence. According to statistics from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Madrid have 13.2m fans while Barcelona have 10.4m. Valencia are third with 2.1m. 60 percent of all football fans in Spain support one of the big two.One of the most striking features of Spanish football -- the fact that every fan, even if he supports Sporting Gijón or Deportivo or Almería, has a built-in, immovable preference for one of the big two and really cares who wins the clásico, so he has a vested interest in the title race even if his first team is not involved -- only reinforces that dominance. Madrid and Barcelona matter even where they don't matter.That gets translated into a commercial reality. The editor of one newspaper admits that "every Madrid win is 10,000 more in sales," and the director of one TV channel insists it would be a "disaster" if anyone other than Madrid or Barça won the league. Officially, statistics for PPV hits are unknown, but industry insiders reveal one year's figures in which Madrid had an estimated €6.1 million ($8.1 million) worth of hits, while Barcelona had €4.2 million ($5.6M), Atlético Madrid had €2.8 million ($3.7M) and Athletic Bilbao and Valencia did not reach €1 million ($1.3M). According to a source at the Spanish Football Federation, a recent First Division game not involving either of the big two was bought by 47 viewers. Yes, 47. Some teams fill their stadiums only twice a season -- when Madrid and Barcelona come to town.Madrid and Barcelona know that and use it to their advantage. They can hold the rest to ransom: We generate the money, we should make it. I'd like to see you try to get people excited about a league without us. There is an inescapable reality there. There are other pressures, too, other deals being brokered. A refusal to loan or sell players can be used as leverage, for instance. Madrid's and Barcelona's attitude is that the rest of the league should be grateful to play on the same pitch as them, even if it is not a level playing field: Don't go asking to compete on top of that. If you don't like it, tough. What would your league be without us?They are right, of course. But that question can be turned on its head. In fact, it has been turned on its head. Again, it is Roig and Del Nido doing so: What would you be without a league to play in?"We need to recognize that the smaller clubs are necessary for the competition," Roig said. "After all, 15 clásicos at the Bernabéu and 15 at the Camp Nou would be a bit boring, wouldn't it?"Del Nido suggested that the rest of the league send Madrid and Barcelona off to play "in Portugal or France or somewhere."That is the crux of the issue: This is a business, sure, but it is also a sport. And sport rests at least in part on being a competition. You can win, lose or draw. Madrid or Barcelona do not accept that. Not only do they have huge financial advantages, but they also wield massive political power and have huge media backing, which whinges incessantly on their behalf when the slightest decision goes against them. Despite their dominance, Madrid even adulterates the competition further by not allowing its on-loan (and in some cases, sold) players to play against it.Clubs swallow it because they have no choice, because making a competitive league is no longer their battle. They are being forced to accept Madrid's and Barcelona's agenda. Deportivo fans applauded their team's loss to Barcelona last weekend because they were resigned to their fate, with the thing all teams should aspire to do -- to win -- no longer an aspiration. And for how long will they do so before they give up completely? How long will Madrid's fans? How long will their players?As for Madrid and Barcelona, they may be creating problems for themselves. The psychological pressure of knowing you absolutely must win every week, and preferably by lots of goals, is gigantic. It is only balanced by the knowledge that unless you get it wrong, you will win. But if players always win, what will the effect be on them? Will they stay at the same level? Will they improve? If the league becomes permanently uncompetitive, if Madrid and Barça are not pushed each week, what becomes of them in Europe? What becomes of them in the long term?In the short term, you can see their argument. You can share it, even. It is a reality: They generate the money. But this is a sport, as the architects of a draft pick system have understood. And long term, it may even prove counterproductive -- the hubris that leads to nemesis.If there is no competition, it might stop becoming a business too. Would you rather watch the Harlem Globetrotters or the Los Angeles Lakers? Knowing that a 36-game season is likely to be decided in just two games becomes kind of depressing, a little tedious -- removing the value of those 36 games. In Scotland, they increased the number of Old Firm matches (between Rangers and Celtics). The result was to remove the value even of the Old Firm.Earlier this season, José Mourinho accused Sporting Gijón of deliberately losing at the Camp Nou, sending out a B team and resting its best players for a forthcoming game it thought it could win. Sporting Gijón lost 1-0. And it was the third-best result against Barcelona all season. Better even than Madrid, which went there and lost 5-0. And with no collateral damage.Soon, other teams might follow Sporting's lead -- not just against Barcelona but against Madrid too. "Ésta no es nuestra liga" is a leitmotif of resignation that's already in currency: This is not our league. Yes, we play in the same league as Madrid and Barcelona, but we don't play for the same league as them. Why risk injuries and suspensions in a game you're not going to win?"Maybe we should play our youth team against Madrid and Barcelona," Espanyol's Collet said. "That way we wouldn't run the risk of cards or injuries."Why try to climb Everest in flip-flops and Bermuda shorts? As Homer Simpson tells Bart: "Can't win, don't try."And who's going to want to watch then?Editor's note: This is Part 3 of a three-part look at the competitiveness of Spain's La Liga. Promoted Stories Comments


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The CX Journey is Always Personal – Make it Urgent
"70% of buying experiences are based on how the customer feels they are being treated"
(McKinsey & Company Consumer Report)
Simply stated, but a strong statement. Regardless of what your surveys and data tell you, insight into the customer experience is based on their personal sentiment, information that may not be accurately captured in any report. More…
Getting Personal: Making Customers Your BFF
The old adage of "you have to work for the best things in life", holds true when it comes to friends, and also when trying to build a loyal base of customers. According to Forrester Research, "42% of service agents are unable to efficiently resolve customer issues due to disconnected systems, archaic user interfaces, and multiple applications." Frustration often accompanies disconnection and it doesn't take much for unsatisfied customers to jump ship and head over to the nearest competitor. We're often judged on the first impressions we leave, don't you want to leave a positive one?
One key component to making a lasting, positive first impression on your customers is through the proper use of customer data. We all know that data is important, but as customer service professionals, we can no longer collect it carelessly. Customers are constantly contacted by brands, wanting to gather as much information as they possibly can to build out customer profiles.
However, if nothing is done with this data, all your left with is an annoyed customer and a detached experience.
Here are 7 points to focus on to make the most of your analytics and insights: More…
Do you rue? 24-7 Intouch & rue21 Present Innovating the Agent Experience at SOCAPAC14
WINNIPEG, Manitoba. October 17, 2014 – Matt Wheatley, VP of Customer Experience at 24-7 Intouch, and Lori Gillin, Senior Director, Store Operations at rue21, will host an interactive session titled,"The Innovative Agent Experience: How rue21 Drives Customer Loyalty," at the SOCAP International 2014 Annual Conference. The speaking session takes place Monday, October 27 from 11:00 A.M. to 12:15 P.M. The conference runs October 26-29 at The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs, CO.
The session will focus on strategies that have resulted in complete brand alignment and consistency through every experience touch point. Creating a transparent brand experience requires an obsession to create a memorable experience on every customer interaction. We will talk about some transformational approaches in specific areas including brand ambassador training, coaching, and recognition that have created complete brand alignment for rue 21. There will also be a group breakout activity.
Customer Service Week 2014
National Customer Service Week took place October 6-10, 2014 and we celebrated with a variety of activities throughout the week including costume day, cake and refreshments, popcorn and movies, and more. Every member of our team is a key component to our success. We are so thankful for our amazing 24-7 Intouch team! Thanks for all of your hard work!
To see more pictures from the week, visit the Customer Service Week album on our Facebook page.
Stand Up to Cancer – Team Pictures
On Sept. 5, 2014, 24-7 Intouch was proud to support the Stand Up to Cancer live televised event by providing phone support for donation calls during its airing. The telethon raised $109 million to support cancer research. To see more images of our team supporting the event visit our Facebook page.
24-7 Intouch & Orbitz Worldwide to Deliver Webinar on Global Expansion
WINNIPEG, Manitoba. September 10, 2014 – Global customer experience management company 24-7 Intouch is partnering with leading online travel company Orbitz Worldwide, Inc., to take part in SOCAP International's Webinar Series. Matt Wheatley, Director of Customer Experience at 24-7 Intouch, and Carolyne Matseshe-Crawford, VP of Global Customer Experience Services at Orbitz Worldwide, will explain how to develop, manage and expand a global customer care strategy. The webinar, titled "Navigating Your Customer Care Through Global Expansion," will take place Thursday, September 18, 2014 from 2-3 PM Eastern Time.
The webinar will explore how to effectively plan, navigate, and manage expanding teams, while maintaining transparent service standards. Specifically, attendees will gain insights into what support channels and business functions are required for expansion, what processes are most important to replicate and monitor during phased transition, and how to find
the right balance of customer care teams in terms of channels and geography.
"In order to compete effectively with many of today's leading brands, it's necessary to have a global presence and strategy in place," said Marjorie Bynum, Vice President, Education & Communications at SOCAP International. "This topic is a common and important one for the Consumer Care industry and within our SOCAP community. We're pleased to have two experienced, global brands, speaking on the subject."
SOCAP International webinars feature prominent speakers and subject matter experts on the hottest topics facing customer care today. For more information or to register for the webinar, visit http://ow.ly/AsArD. More…
24-7 Intouch is pleased to support the STAND UP TO CANCER live televised event, taking place tonight, featuring numerous Hollywood celebrities and musical performances. We will be providing phone support for donation calls during its airing.
The event supports Stand Up to Cancer's groundbreaking initiative created to accelerate innovative cancer research that will get new therapies to patients quickly and save lives now.
To watch the live event, tune in tonight at 8/7c to ABC, CBS, FOX, or NBC. To donate or learn more about this cause visit https://www.standup2cancer.org/.
SOCAP International Webinar Series
"In order to compete effectively with many of today's leading brands, it's necessary to have a global presence and strategy in place," said Marjorie Bynum, Vice President, Education & Communications at SOCAP International. "This topic is a common and important one for the Consumer Care industry and within our SOCAP community. We're pleased to have two experienced, global brands, speaking on the subject."
Don't miss this upcoming webinar in the SOCAP International Webinar Series – Thursday, Sept. 18 from 2-3 PM ET. The webinar features Matt Wheatley, Director, Customer Experience at 24-7 Intouch and Carolyne Matseshe-Crawford, VP, Global Customer Experience Services at Orbitz Worldwide. Register now!
Voice of the Customer Vs. Voice of the Agent
Blog post by Matt Wheatley, Director of Customer Experience at 24-7 Intouch.
Contact centers have embraced the channel revolution. Over the past decade, we have seen the early movers adopt emerging channels from chat and mobile to the complexities of social media. With the rise of new channels, many thought voice calls would decline. However, customers are still relying on phones to communicate with customer service departments. Due to this trend, contact centers need to work even harder to provide an aligned, omnichannel experience. Data, not only mining it, but also using it in an actionable way, is an integral piece of the puzzle.
While all of this has been happening, a strong emphasis has been placed on the idea of Voice of the Agent (VoA) data. VoA data includes the information that during a phone call, chat, email, or tweet, the agents discover. Be it a customer upset about a policy, or experience, to an error with the website that prevents the completion of an order. More…
24-7 Intouch Partners With Red Robin to Drive Innovation in Customer Engagement
WINNIPEG, Manitoba. June 26, 2014 – Leading consumer affairs provider 24-7 Intouch Inc., is excited to announce its partnership with Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc. (Red Robin). The 24-7 Intouch team was chosen for their ability to drive innovation to Red Robin's evolving customer engagement strategy and leverage their expertise in analytics to enhance the end guest experience across all customer touch points, current and future state.
With nearly 500 restaurants in the United States and Canada, Red Robin saw an opportunity to add a proactive partner that is equally passionate about the quality of the brand's guest experience. By leveraging 24-7 Intouch's expertise in Voice of the Guest insights and reporting, the additional business intelligence will allow Red Robin to make quicker decisions based on direct feedback, to impact the customer experience. More…


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Howdy, have no scans but my nephew was at last All Star race & got me an '07 M.A. J.Gordon Nicorette COT & rear wing was STILL ATTACHED ! I just got it today... but am happy still !! Thanks Chris !!
TyrantHowdy, I coll. Jeff Gordon, Dale Jr, Danica & Walter Payton, Peace from Jupiter !!
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Mianwali District
ضِلع مِيانوالى | |
District | |
Mianwali District | |
Map of Punjab (white) with Mianwali District (Maroon). |
Country | Pakistan |
Province | Punjab |
Headquarters | Mianwali |
Government | |
• District Coordination Officer | Muhammad Khan Ranjha |
Area | |
• Total | 5,840 km2 (2,250 sq mi) |
Population (2010–11) | |
• Total | 14oooo0 |
Time zone | PST (UTC+5) |
Number of tehsils | 3 |
Mianwali District (Urdu: ضِلع مِيانوالى), (Pashto,Punjabi: ضلع میانوالی), is a district in the northwest of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is capital is Mianwali city.Upper Mianwali is historically known for two prominent migrant clans namely Niazis (Pashtuns) and Awan. Over the years some Baloch made Mianwali their home and Awans. The Lower side of Mianwali is dominated by two prominent Jatt tribes Bhachar and Talokar and many other small Jatt tribes.
The district is administratively divided into three tehsils and 56 union councils:[2]
Name of tehsil | No. of union councils |
Isakhel | 14 |
Mianwali | 28 |
Piplan | 14 |
Total | 56 |
Deputy commissioners served as the head of the district until 2004. The first deputy commissioner was Captain A. J. O'Brien and the first district judge was Sardar Balwant Singh. The system continued even after the creation of Pakistan as a sovereign nation. It was not until the year 2000 that the new local government system was introduced and three basic changes were implemented:
- Divisions which used to be the third tier of the government were abolished and more autonomy was given to the districts with the aim of decentralization of power.
- With this new status of the districts, nazims were to become the administrators of the districts, with more authoritative powers.
- The post of D.C. was abolished with the aim of putting an end to bureaucratic rule; however, the bureaucracy was offered an olive branch by creating the new post of District Coordinating Officer. The nazim remained the main elected representative and administrator while the D.C.O.s served as representatives of the government.
It borders eight district: Attock District in the north, Chakwal District in the northeast, Khushab District in the east, and Bhakkar District in the south, while Lakki Marwat lies to the west, Kohat and Karak districts to the northwest and Dera Ismail Khan District to the southwest.
In November 1901, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was carved out of Punjab and the present-day towns of Mianwali, Isa Khel, Kalabagh, and Kundian were separated from Bannu District (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa); hence a new district was made with the headquarters in Mianwali city and placed in Punjab province.
As per the 1998 census of Pakistan, the following are the demographics of the Mianwali district, by spoken language:
Though Mianwali is claimed an integral part of Seraiki speaking belt by the Seraiki language activists but Punjabi-Seraiki division seems to hold little influence on common people in this district. Awans, Jats, Ghakkars with various subclans living in Mianwali and Khushab always associate themselves with Punjabi identity. While Niazis associate themselves with Seraiki identity. According to 1998 census three fourth (74.2 percent) of the population named their spoken language as Punjabi while only 12 per cent answered that they speak Seraiki.[3]
Inhabitants of Mianwali district speak a great variety of Punjabi dialects.
- Jandali/Rohi (Central parts of the district)
- Awankari (Northern parts)
- Shapuri (Eastern parts)
- Thalochi (Southern parts in desert areas)
- Majhi or standard (Sizable population in cities)
Other Languages include:
- Pashto which is also spoken by sizable population in the KPK province border areas and in the cities. Khattak tribes, Chapri, Bhangi Khel, Sultan Khel, Makarwal and Bani Afghan are bilingual and Pashto is their primary language but they can easily communicate in Punjabi as well.
- Urdu is mother tongue of few people but being national language is spoken and understood by the sizeable population.
- English is also understood and spoken by few, mainly educated elite.
According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district had a population of 1,056,620,[4] out of which 20.39%[5] (i.e., 85,000 inhabitants) lived in the district capital Mianwali. The Niazi (Pathan) tribe is the most dominant tribe of this district, with an estimated 40 percent of the total population. The Niazi tribe exists in all parts of the district but most notably live in Mianwali City, Shahbaz Khel, Hotu Ram Kalra, Naiku khaillanwala,Trag, Kamar mashani, Musa Khel, Sohrabwala, GuddiKhelan Wala, Mochh, Sawans and Isakhel. Another biggest tribe of lower Mianwali Piplan tehsil known as the Talokar Jats live mostly in Ding Khola, Uttra kalan, New Ding Sharif, Saeed Abad, Hashim Naggar/Lal Wala (Saifun Pull), Khanqah Sirrajia, Bakharra/Kacha Kalo, Kacha Paar, Khita-e-Atlas, Kacha Gujrat, Kacha Shahnawaz Wala. The Joyia tribe in Phaati, Hurnoli. The Dharoee tribe in Alluwali, Duaba. The Bhachar tribe in Jaal Janub/Shumali, Piplan, Wan Bahhchran, Wichveen Bala, Moosa Khel and Shadia. Awan tribe is predominant in pakhar or salt range.
Mianwali district covers an area of 5,840 square kilometres (2,250 sq mi). The area in north is a continuation of the Pothohar Plateau and the Kohistan-e-Namak. The district consists of various towns, including Kalabagh, Isa Khel, Kundian, Paikhel, Piplan sharif, Kamar Mushani, Mochh, Swans, Bori Khel, Rokhri, Harnauli, Musakhel , Alluwali, Wan Bhachran, Daud Khel, Uttra Kalan and the district capital, Mianwali city.
- Mianwali city is the capital of Mianwali district. It is the district's largest city, with a population of about 85,000 people. It is also the economic and commercial hub of the district.
- Kundian is the second largest town, at a distance of 15 km from the city of Mianwali. Important sites such as Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (Chashnupp), Chashma Barrage, Kundian-Jehlum or Chashma-Jehlum Link Canal are located here.
- Piplan is another important town and tehsil headquarters located in the southern part of the district.
- Kalabagh is famous for the Kalabagh Dam, the Nawab of Kalabagh, the red hills of the salt range, and scenic views of the Indus River.
- Isa Khel is another important town and tehsil headquarters located in the west of Mianwali. It is a historical town named after Isa Khan, a famous Niazi chief. It is also the home town of famous folk singer Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi
- Kamar Mushani is famous for its trade and minerals.
- Tabbi Sar is another important town and the headquarters of Bangi Khel Tribe located in the northern part of the district. Missar wala is the main village of Tabbi sar. Missar Wala is located from Tabbi sar south side.
- HERNOLI is a very famous town located south part of district. Known for production on peanut and grams. The judicial complexes of Piplan and Danish school system are prominent features of Hernoli.
- Uttra kalan is famous for his Agriculture areas. People are educated and civilized.
- Musakhel famous due to Niazi tribe and personnel like Dr Ghulam Akbar Khan Niazi, Maulana Kausar Niazi and Dr Ajmal Niazi.
- [piplan sharif] famous due to Peer Mazhar Qayum sahib.
- [Bori Khel] is famous tribe of Niazi (Pathans)
Mianwali district has several educational institutions from elementary up to post-graduate level, affiliated with the University of the Punjab. A private Engineering College named as NAMAL College is affiliated with University of Bradford. There are numerous other private schools and colleges in the district. Recently the University of Sargodha opened a sub-campus in Mianwali.
Mianwali district has an extreme climate, with a long, hot summer season and cold, dry winters. Summer lasts from May to September and winter lasts from November till February. June is the hottest month with average temperatures of 42 °C (highest recorded temperature 52 °C); in winter, December and January monthly average temperatures can be as low as 3 to 4 °C. The average rainfall in the district is about 385 mm.
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Avg high °C | 19 | 21 | 26 | 33 | 38 | 42 | 39 | 37 | 37 | 33 | 28 | 21 | 31 |
Avg low temperature °C | 3 | 6 | 12 | 17 | 22 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 23 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 16 |
Rainfall in. (cm) | 1.6 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 7.6 | 11 | 4.5 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 38.5 |
Source: Weatherbase |
Mianwali District was agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in Punjab region. The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas and Kurus invaded, settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overrunning the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Mianwali was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms.
In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.
Syed Mian Ali Sahib migrated from Baghdad, Iraq, who was a great spiritual saint laid the foundations of Mianwali. In those days it was called "Mian Ali Wali", which later was converted to Mianwali. After him, his son Hazrat Syed Sultan Muhammad Zikria remained the holly leader and saint of the Pathan Tribes and other tribes of the area for a long period and settled all the disputes among the tribes successfully. He is known as Sahib E Karamat wallee. His descendants are still respectable and have political influence in the area too.
Mughal era, rule of Ghakkars and invasion of Nadir Shah[edit]
Historically, all major rulers of South Asia governed this area in their turn. Mughal emperor Babur mentioned Isakhel while he was fighting against the Pakhtuns as part of his campaign to conquer the Punjab during the 1520s (ref. Baburnama). Prior to the invasion of Nadir Shah in 1738, there is little to relate concerning the history of the northern part of the district. The upper half of the district was ruled by the Gakhars, who became feudatories of the Mughal Empire, of which the district continued to form a part until the invasion of Nadir Shah. In 1738 a portion of his army entered Bannu, and by its atrocities so cowed the Bannuchis and Marwats that a heavy tribute was raised from them. Another portion of the army crossed the Darra Pezu and worked its way down to Dera Ismail Khan. Contingents raised from the neighbourhoods of Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan marched under Nadir Shah's banner to the sack of Delhi. In 1739 the area west of the Indus was surrendered by the Emperor of Delhi to Nadir Shah, and passed after his death to Ahmad Shah Abdali.
In 1748 a Durrani army under one of Ahmad Shah's generals crossed the Indus at Kalabagh, and drove out the Ghakkars, who still ruled in the cis-Indus tracts of the district, owing nominal allegiance to the Emperor at Delhi. Their stronghold, Muazzam Nagar, was razed to the ground, and with their expulsion was swept away the last vestige of authority of the Mughal Emperor in these parts. The armies of Ahmad Shah marched repeatedly through the district, the cis-Indus portion of which was, with the rest of the Punjab, incorporated in the Durrani Kingdom in 1756, and for the next sixty years a precarious hold was maintained on their eastern provinces, including this district, by Ahmad Shah and his successors to the throne of the newly created Kingdom of Kabul. Source:[1]
Sikh era and British Raj[edit]
After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh Empire invaded and occupied Mianwali District. The Muslims faced restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of British rule, Mianwali district increased in population and importance.[citation needed]
During British rule, the area was subdivided into province, divisions and districts. divisions remained the third tier of government until 2000). The British had made the towns of Mianwali and Isa Khel tehsil headquarters of Bannu District then part of Dera Ismail Khan Division of Punjab province.
Modern history[edit]
The current district of Mianwali was created in November 1901, when the North West Frontier Province was carved out of Punjab and the towns of Mianwali, Isa Khel, Kalabagh, and Kundian were separated from Bannu District. A new district, named Mianwali district, was created with its headquarters in Mianwali city and placed in Punjab, and it became a part of Multan Division. Mianwali originally contained four tehsils: Mianwali, Isa Khel, Bhakkar, and Layyah. In 1909 Layyah was transferred to Muzaffargarh District. The district became a part of Sargodha Division in 1961. In 1982 Bhakkar Tehsil was removed from Mianwali and became a separate district of Sargodha Division.
The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Mianwali District.
Tribes and clans[edit]
The populations of the district are split into four main groups: the predominant Niazi and Awan tribes who are mainly present in riverain Mianwali Tehsil and Isakhel Tehsil, Awan who are dominant mainly in the Salt Range and Kalabagh in Isakhel Tehsil. The Thal desert portion is held by Talokar Jats - Baloch - kundi and Sumbal tribes. The city of Mianwali and town of Wan Bhachran is also home to the Miana-Qureshi - Makhdooms- Bhachar - Janjua and Ghanjera tribes respectively. The district also has descendants of refugees from East Punjab and Haryana in India, who settled here after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. The Khattak tribe of the Pashtoons is also a major tribe of Mianwali District and their estimated population in Mianwali district is over 200000.
The biggest tribe of lower Mianwali is Talokar Jatts they are mostly living in Kundian (Ding Khola Talokar) (New Ding Sharif, Saeed Abad (Sharqi and Gharbi), Lal Khelan wala, Zaman Kelan wala, Hashim Naggar, Tahir Abad, Uttra kalan, Shahbaz Khelanwala and Khanqah Sirrajia, Khitta.e.atlas, Kaloo, Kachha, Kachha Gujrat, Kachha Shahnawaz wala, Kot Fateh Muhammad, Chak 5 D/B, 6 D/B, Chak 1 M/L and Chashma Barrage. Other Jatts are Aheer, Aulakh, Bathal, Bhamb, Bhachar, Darhaal, Dharoee, Dhuddi, Dhaadi, Hariyah, Mondh, Monaa, Mekan, Khar, Kaniyaal, Kaleyar, Saandh, Sandhila, Sujrah, Sial, Uttra and Awan.
The district has been settled by triple immigration from opposite directions: Niazis from the northwest of Pakistan, Awans from the northeast, and Jats, Balochs and Talokar Jatts up the valley of the Indus from the south.
Niazi immigration[edit]
The Niazis, who some hundred and fifty years later spread from Tank over the plain that was sparsely inhabited by pastoral Jats. The Niazi arrived into Marwat at first and occupied the hills of Salghar, until a feud with the Ghilzais compelled them to migrate elsewhere. Marching southeast, they found a temporary resting place in Tank. There the Niazais lived for several generations, occupying themselves as traders and carriers, as do their kinsmen the Lohani Pawindahs in the present day. Towards the end of the fifteenth century, numbers spread north into the plain, and squatted there as graziers and cultivators, on the banks of the Kurram and Gambila. There they lived in peace for about fifty years, when the Marwat Lohanis, a younger branch of the Lodi group, swarmed into the region after them, and drove them across the Kurram at Tang Darra, in the valley beyond which they found a final home. The most important sections of the expelled Niazais were the Isakhel, Mushanis and a portion of the Sarhangs. The first took root in the south of the new area and shortly developed into agriculturists ; the second settled further to the north at Kamar Mushani, and seem for a time to have led a pastoral life. Some Sarhangs took up their abode at Sultan Khel, while others, after drifting permanently established themselves cis-Indus on the destruction of the Ghakkar stronghold of Muazzam Nagar in 1748 by Niazis. The Niazis were drove out by Balochis and Jats, the remainders stayed behind as their subjects, with this the long connection of the Gakhars with Mianwali was terminated. The remains of Muazzam Nagar, their local capital, were visible on the left high bank of the Indus about six miles south of Mianwali, until the site was eroded by the river about the year 1870.
Immigration of Awans[edit]
In Mianwali, Awans are mostly known as Maliks. Awan are Syed and relate them to the Qutab Shah descended from the lin of Hazarat Ali, who had Arab ancestry thus giving a proof to their Arab origin. The Awans now occupy part of the district which lies east of the Dhak Spur of the Salt Range and is known as Khudri, Pakhar, or Awankari. "Men of Mianwali mostly know the name Pakhar; but residents of the Kacha and Isakhel generally speak of the tract and parts beyond as utrad. i.e., the high country.".[6]"DHAROEE" family lying in the alluwali village are also from awan family and known as a warrior family.
The Awans were among those who formed an important part of the British Indian army, serving with distinction during World Wars I and II. Along with Rajputs, Awans occupy the highest ranks of the Pakistani army.Also jaura Awans tribes are settled in central and western salt range.Some of Jaura Awan tribes belong to Musakhel,ghundi and Swans.Mostly jaura tribes came from central salt range khushab in place of Jaura kalan.
Jat and Baloch immigration[edit]
Before the fifteenth century, the lower parts of the district were probably occupied by a few scattered tribes of Jats, depending on their cattleship. After these came the Balochis. They also came from the south direction. It is probable that the Jat immigration continued for sometime after the Balochis first came into this area. However it may have been, all the Kachha, immediately adjoining the Thal bank, seems to have been parcelled off to Jat families. Each block was accompanied with a long strip of Thal to the back. These estates are the origin of the present mauzas as far north as Kundian in the Mianwali Tehsil. They are almost all held by Jats except few which are occupied by Sumbals and The Kundi tribe. Both of these tribes are Pashtun. Here and there, shares are held by Balochis, but these have mostly been acquired in later times by purchase. In the same way the unoccupied lands towards the river were divided off into blocks, and formed into separate estates; and sometimes; where the hads first, formed had too much waste land, new hads were formed in later times by separating off outlying portions of the old estates. This division into hads extended right up to Kundian. In course of time, as the Balochis settled down in the area, individuals acquired plots of land for wells, but generally in subordination to the head proprietors or lords of manors. Here and there a small clan settled down together, but this was the exception. Balochis are still numerous all through the southern part of the Kachha, up to Darya Khan; but though they were originally the ruling race, still, as regards proprietary rights in the land they hold a position inferior to that of the Jats and Sayyals, by whom the superior proprietorship of hads is generally held. North of Darya Khan there are very few Balochis. In Thal, the population is almost entirely Jat. A few families of Balochi Pashtuns came across the Indus River from the Paniala Hills. Of these, one became dominant at Piplan, while the others moved on into the Thal and took up their abode eventually in and around Jandanwala.
Talokar Immigration[edit]
In the sixteenth century, The Talokar Jatts came from East Punjab in India, and first settled near Bhera Khushab. Their first villages were Kalara and Kurrar Talokar. From there, they spread to the east side of the Indus River and drove out the Baloch Syed, Pashtoon and other tribes, founding the villages of Bakhra (Kacha), Ding and Khola (Thal) and Talokaranwala in Mianwali District. Also they spread in west side of India founding village Akolkhed and Dalmbi Kolambi. Some of them even reached as far as the Attock area and Hazara District of the former North-West Frontier Province as attested by the name of Talokar village in Haripur area. The some of tribe is said to have accepted Islam at the hands of the famous saint Fariduddin Ganjshakar. In 1947 at the time of formation of Pakistan the Talokars was among the 22 richest families of newly formed country the largest land owners in the lower Mianwali, the six branches Jamal Khel, Jalal Khel, Mirza Khel, Yaroo Khel, Latto Khel and Dharma owns 1 lac acres of land on the river banks of Indus named as Talokaranwala, but in 1967 when Chashma Barrages construction started, 1st time they migrated from Talokranwala to Ding Khola Talokar, Bhakhra Mauza, Kachha, Kaloo, and Kachha Gujrat owing eight thousand acers of fertile land, again in 1985-87 when government planned to build Nuclear Complex and Power Generation Units, they bought the Ding and Khola villages from Talokar family and all their land after that 2nd time they migrated to Saeed Abad (Sharqi and Gharbi), Lal Khelan wala, Zaman Kelan wala, Hashim Naggar, Tahir Abad, Shahbaz Khelanwala, Kot Fateh Muhammad, Khanqah Sirrajia, Kachha Chashma Barrage and to different areas of Bhakkar, Jhang, Khushab, Layyah, Khanewal and Multan. On 10 May 2011 when the former Prime Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani visited Chashnupp-2 for its inauguration he announces to form SPD Cantt for the protection of Nuclear Units, they inforce the inhabitants of Lal Khelanwala, 3rd time to migrate to the Southern Punjab district Muzaffargarh. At that time Talokar Jatts are the biggest tribe in lower Mianwali.
[7]==Notable personalities==
- Tilok Chand Mehroom - He was a famous Urdu poet of India.
- Jagannath Azad - He was a famous Urdu-Speaking poet of Hindu academic. He was son of famous Urdu poet Tilok Chand Mehroom
- Maulana Kausar Niazi He was a famous poet + writer and former federal minister.
- Khawaja Khurshid Anwar - He was a filmmaker, writer, director and music composer.
- Amir Mohammad Khan - Nawab of Kalabagh and Ex-Governor of West Pakistan
- Imran Khan - The former captain of Pakistan cricket team who won 1992 Cricket World Cup and Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and Chancellor of Bradford University. He also involved Social work he had founded the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre. Pakistan Government awarded with Pride of Performance and Hilal-i-Imtiaz
- Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi - He is a Pride of Performance award winning musician. He has the world record on Guinness World Records for the highest number of audio albums (over 400 albums) ever released by a singer.
- Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi - He was a religious and political leader of Pakistan
- Misbah-ul-Haq - Pakistani Cricketer
- Tariq Niazi - Olympian Gold Medalist in Field and Track
- Dr Ghulam Akbar Khan Niazi Renowned physician, ex-physician of Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz and chairman Islamabad Medical and Dental College.
- Sher Afgan Niazi - The Ex-Minister of Law and Member of Parliament
- Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri - He was a politician and was involved in the Pakistan Movement. He was also known as "Khan Sahab", a title given by the British to him and to his father.
- Professor Muhammad Saleem Ahsan famous Saraki poet (Presidential award holder)
- Dr. Sufiana Khatoon Malik (Ph. D Education) Famous Educationist
Places of interest[edit]
- Kalabagh Dam is located about 40 km north of Mianwali city. The proposed dam site is located between beautiful mountains narrowing down on the River Indus at an ancient town known as Kalabagh.
- Chahshma Barrage and Lake is located south of Mianwali city and is a beautiful lake.
- Jinnah Barrage
- Namal Lake: Namal or (Nammal) lake is a place of interest located at the foot of Namal mountain near Musakhel, Punjab and Chakrala. It is a beautiful scenic place frequented by hikers and holiday-makers. In 2008, Namal College was established by Namal Lake at the base of the Salt Range.
- Thal Desert: It is a large area which is mostly desert and semi-arid. It is located between the Jhelum and Indus river (The Sindh-Saagar Doab). The boundaries of the old district established in 1901 included almost 70% of this great area, but after the separation of Layyah and then Bhakkar Tehsils, only about 20% remains in this district. First deputy commissioner A J O'Brien wrote in his memoirs: "In 1901 the District of Mianwali was formed out of the two Punjab halves of two older districts, and I had the good fortune to be put in charge. It was a lonely District with, as my Assistant Mr. Bolster called it, 'three white men in a wilderness of sand'."[8]
- River Indus
- Kalabagh Old Town
- Ruins at Mari Indus and Mari City: At Mari in the Mianwali Tehsil, there is a picturesque Hindu ruin, crowning the gypsum hill, locally called Maniot (from Manikot, meaning fort of jewels), on which the Kalabagh diamonds are found. The ruins themselves must once have been extensive. It appears that the very top of the hill was built over with a large palace or fort.
- Architectural objects and remains: In the southern part of the district the general absence of antiquarian remains tends to prove that it can never have been the site of a rich and populous government. In the Kachhi tract, of course, such remains could not survive the action of river floods, and this tract must, at one time, have been much wider than it is now. The Thal, however, is admirably suited for the preservation of antiquarian relics, had any such ever existed, but there are none that date from earlier than the fourteenth century.
- Ruins of Sirkapp Fort: Overlooking the village site of Namal in the Khudri Dhoke Majhwan Dhoke Ayyub Saandh Dhoke Wahab kheil are the ridge of great natural strength, cut off on three sides by hill torrents. On the top of this ridge there are extensive ruins of what is said to have been the stronghold of Sirkapp, Raja of the country, who was a contemporary of Raja Risalu of Sialkot, by whom he was vanquished. The outer wall of the fort still exists in part in a dilapidated condition, but the enclosure, which must once have contained accommodation for a fairly large garrison, is now one mass of fallen houses and piles of hewn or chiselled stones. The series of lifts, made for carrying water from the bed of the stream to the top of the hill, have left their marks.
- Other antiquities: The above, together with two sentry-box like buildings, supposed to be dolmens, midway between Namal and Sakesar, and several massive looking tombs, constructed of large blocks of dressed stones in the Salt Range, comprise all the antiquities above ground in the district. No doubt many remain concealed beneath the surface. The encroachments of the Indus and even of the Kurram near Isakhel often expose portions of ancient masonry arches and wells. The only other antiquity worth mentioning is a monster baoli at Wanbhachran, said to have been built by order of Sher Shah Suri. It is well preserved and similar to those in Shahpur District.
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- "Gazzeter of the Mianwali district 1915" by Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, Pakistan
- "Tareekh-e-Niazi Qabail"
- "Tareekh-e-Alvi Awan"
- "Wichara Watan" By Harish Chander Nakra, New Delhi, India
- "Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan" by Major Henry George Raverty, Indus Publications, Karachi, Pakistan.
- ^ South Asia Partnership-Pakistan (sappk.org): Profile of district Mianwali
- ^ Tehsils & Unions in the District of Mianwali - Government of Pakistan
- ^ sappk.org: Profile of district Mianwali
- ^ http://census.gov.pk/PUNJAB/MIANWALI.htm
- ^ Urban resource centre
- ^ Bannu district Gazetter
- ^ http://www.numl.edu.pk/NUML-Faculty-Profile.aspx?dn=Department%20of%20Education%20&pid=195
- ^ Mianwali Folklore Notes
External links[edit]


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Oct. 17 (Bloomberg) -- Swedish house price gains eased in September, giving the central bank more scope to scale back its monetary tightening plans and adapt policy to the fallout of Europe's deepening debt crisis.
House prices rose 1 percent in the three months through September both from the previous quarter and from a year earlier, Stockholm-based Statistics Sweden said in a statement on its website today. The average price of a one- or two- dwelling building was 2.05 million kronor ($311,639) last quarter, the office said.
Sweden's Riksbank shelved a cycle of seven rate increases last month, citing a flare-up in global market turmoil and deteriorating recovery prospects in Europe and the U.S. The bank had previously signaled it would need to continue raising interest rates to ward off credit-driven imbalances in the property market. Policy makers have since also scaled back planned rate increases for next year.
"There shouldn't be any drastic fall" in house prices, Riksbank Deputy Governor Barbro Wickman-Parak told reporters on Oct. 14. "That's not what we're counting on."
The krona gained 0.2 percent against the euro to trade at 0.1314 as of 10:32 a.m. in Stockholm. Versus the dollar, the krona rose 0.3 percent to 6.5739.
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In a time where newspapers around the country are laying off dozens of staffers or closing altogether, the Torch, the independent, student-run publication at St. John's University, has had no problem growing.
So when the school informed the Torch's editorial board last week of its plan to move the newspaper's office from its spacious room in the first floor of the recently constructed D'Angelo Center to a much smaller space across the hallway, many current and former Torch staffers cried foul.
"What the Torch wants and needs is a space to manage the growing staff and writers," Samantha Albanese, the incoming editor-in-chief, said. "With the growing staff, as any other group, we would love to have a larger space, but the current space models a newsroom and is suitable for the Torch's needs."
After strong backlash from dozens of students and alumni, the school met with the editorial board again on Monday to discuss a compromise, with another meeting scheduled for later this week.
The school's original plan was to move the Torch, made up of 13 editors, five copy editors, two business managers and various staff writers, from a large, conference room-like space it shares with two other student organizations to a room about 30 percent of the size.
According to a Torch article written last week by former editor-in-chief Kieran Lynch, a senior at St. John's, the students were not involved in the decision-making process and were informed of the move only after the decision had been finalized.
The university said in a statement the move is a part of "a larger realignment to maximize space efficiency on the first floor of the D'Angelo Center," but Lynch's article still became a rallying point on social media for students angry with the decision.
Jim Baumbach, the faculty advisor to the Torch and a former journalism professor at St. John's, doesn't classify the newspaper's move as being detrimental, but he expects a deal that satisfies both sides to emerge from the discussions.
"Change is a part of life. If you work at the same company for 40 years, you won't be sitting at the same desk in the same office," Baumbach said. "The administration heard them loud and clear. I think both sides are on the road to a compromise."
Mark Prendergast, the director of the journalism program at St. John's, opposes the newspaper's potential move to a smaller office. While not directly affiliated with the Torch, he feels a proper office helps facilitate the success of a student newspaper.
"Journalism is not a solitary pursuit. It's not a writer in a cabin in the woods writing the next great American novel," Prendergast said. "One of the ways you build a first-class journalism program is by giving the students a place to gather and to use the occasion to discuss a mutual interest in journalism.
"I certainly support them," he said of the students. "I would like to see the Torch remain visible and viable in its surroundings."
Originally, some students speculated the school's move was retaliatory in nature. They claimed it was made in response to the Torch's coverage of the embezzlement scandal that resulted in the arrest, trial and eventual suicide of former dean Cecilia Chang and the retirement of disgraced former university president Rev. Donald Harrington last year.
However, Baumbach believes that is far from the case.
"There's not one part of me that believes it's retaliation on the school's part," he said. "I'm more than happy with the way the university has let the Torch go its own way."
Albanese is hoping for a resolution of the issue before the school year ends next week.
"We hope to come to a solution by either the end of this week or early next week," she said. "The administration seems to be very willing to accommodate the Torch's needs in a timely manner."


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We are getting set to do a major remodel of a split level. We are opening up the main level. Kitchen section is an L-shaped with 15 and 10.5 of wall. We are getting a CD FD 36' fridge, a 36' range and under counter MW or 36' rangetop and 30' wall oven/convection MW combo and a big single basin sink. The plans are just basic...nothing set in stone other than the walls. Having trouble coming up with layouts that make the most sense. |
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- Posted by wannaknow1 (My Page) on Wed, Feb 19, 14 at 6:41
PudgeDiddy, Unfortunately a Google search for just 'Gardenweb Kitchen' directs you to this site if you click on the second Kitchen Forum choice instead of the first. You will get answers by posting on the Kitchen MESSAGE (link below) -- NOT the Kittchen IMAGE forum. I hope it is not too late for you. There's lots of great and experienced help available on the Message board, whereas the Image page is visited less frequently, or at least responded to less often. |
Here is a link that might be useful: Gardenweb Kitchen Forum MESSAGE (not Image) board
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When a war ends, how does a government improve people's personal security – and how can it sustain that progress? A new set of case studies examines the experiences of post-conflict Liberia and Timor-Leste, from the role of UN peacekeeping missions to government attempts to 'buy peace' with oil and gas reserves.
As economic growth slows, over-borrowing and irresponsible spending of sovereign bonds threatens Africa's financial stability.
How will we finance the Sustainable Development Goals? Join us next week at ODI for the launch of our new debate series.


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Tabloids are having a bit of a dark week, so don't expect celebrity vacation photos and conversations about fuchsia lipstick. Instead, the mags are breaking out specials about the dangers of bullying and Michael Douglas losing his battle to cancer. Of course, there are still the big issues, like Audrina Patridge's boyfriend and how Carrie Underwood's marriage is doing. So you won't use the whole box of tissues. After the jump, we handpicked the gossip mags' must-know news. Keep reading »
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We stayed at another hotel last year which was very good. We saw this when we were walking around Valkenburg and Marjolein, the owner, let us look at the rooms. We liked it so much we made a provisional booking to stay when the 2012 Andre Rieu concerts were on. The "room with a balcony" is really good value. Well... More
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Pregnant with her first son and less able to move around large canvasses, French-American painter Sydney Albertini turned to decorating the stock in her mother's ceramics store. The response was overwhelming enough to begin her own business. Importing unfinished pottery from Italy, she glazes and paints them here, applying playful abstract and natural designs in a variety of methods. Lacking her own brick-and-mortar shop, her work can be purchased at Barneys New York, Kuhl-Linscomb in Houston, Gumps in San Francisco, and of course, online.
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Tue, Jun 13, 06 at 19:53
I'm very happy with this area. This is a photo taken down from the deck. I recently put in the 'Gold Standard' hosta to complete the color scheme I've been going for. I can officially say that this area of my yard is done. Okay, it's only about 6' square, but hey, it's done!
The various pots are strays that have not found a home yet, but will definitely be moved out into other areas of the yard by next year. (Please ignore the crispy edges on the 'Gold Standard'; it was being displayed for sale in the middle of a sea of asphalt in direct sun for who knows how long before I rescued it.) |
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Very nice, love the color contrast. Kymmie |
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For those who have already registered, thank you!
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The controversy over educational programming for very young children may have reached a crescendo when the Walt Disney Company decided to refund products they had been advertising as brain boosters.
According to some, the acknowledgment that the videos do not promote better brain development among young children is more than just false advertising. It is a salient indicator of how parents have replaced one-to-one contact with a DVD.
Lucia French, Ph.D., a developmental psychologist who studies language and cognitive development in young children at the University of Rochester, says nothing contributes more to a child's early development than actual parent-child interaction.
"Babies learn language best when adults spend time with them, talking about things other than behavior," says French.
French, who does not recommend any screen time for babies, says that research on language development has shown that young children acquire language from interaction with other people.
"They may acquire a few individual words from a television show or video, but to learn to use language to communicate effectively, they need to interact with other people who are interested in communicating with them," she notes.
She stresses that most children learn language readily if they are in a language-rich environment and that strong language skills are an essential foundation for eventual academic success.
Parents can interact with infants and toddlers, and there are lots of ways to do that without using a video as a prop.
She offers parents the following tips to help enhance young children's language skills:
Source: University of Rochester