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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
How Dynamic Consumer Response, Competitor Response, Company Support, and Company Inertia Shape Long-Term Marketing Effectiveness
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Long-term marketing effectiveness is a high-priority research topic for managers, and emerges from the complex interplay among dynamic reactions of several market players. This paper introduces restricted policy simulations to distinguish four dynamic ... Keywords: company inertia and support, dynamic consumer and competitor response, impulse-response functions, long-term marketing effectiveness, policy simulation restrictions, postpromotion dip, vector autoregressive (VAR) models
Koen Pauwels
shape parameters
... Shape Parameters or Form factors. Shape parameters or form factors are derived from more basic measurements such ...
Shape of the microgrid
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Shape of the Microgrid Chris Marnay, F Javier Rubio, andautonomous neighborhood that could be termed a microgrid.A microgrid is a cluster of small (by the standards of
Marnay, Chris; Rubio, F. Javier; Siddiqui, Afzal S.
Shape Defects
...There are six major shape defects in coiled sheet, strip, or plate (Fig. 1): coil set; cross bow; camber;
Shape stability in composites
SciTech Connect
Work was undertaken to investigate shape instabilities in anisotropic laminted composites. Both theoretical and experimental studies were carried out. The experimental segments made use of carbon fiber/epoxy composites, and investigated the effects of both temperature and moisture. Long-term cyclic environmental conditioning was performed to check the reproducibility of the shape instabilities and to monitor laminate degradation. Curvatures of classical asymmetric laminates were used to aid in evaluating the internal stress of the laminates throughout the test. Safe operating conditions were determined within the time/temperature/moisture domain. This information was subsequently used to predict the long-term reproducibility of the shape instabilities. A model was derived, based on a closed-form analytical technique, which allows the prediction of the degree of shape instability and warpage in a composite semi-cylindrical shell of unsymmetric geometry.
Radford, D.W.
Badly Shaped Elements (BadlyShapedElements)
... shaped elements. Synopsis. BadlyShapedElements ( threshold ). Details. Base class: SkelModTargets; Parameters: threshold The threshold shape ...
Sparse Shape Reconstruction
This paper introduces a new shape-based image reconstruction technique applicable to a large class of imaging problems formulated in a variational sense. Given a collection of shape priors (a shape dictionary), we define our problem as choosing the right elements and geometrically composing them through basic set operations to characterize desired regions in the image. This combinatorial problem can be relaxed and then solved using classical descent methods. The main component of this relaxation is forming certain compactly supported functions which we call "knolls", and reformulating the shape representation as a basis expansion in terms of such functions. To select suitable elements of the dictionary, our problem ultimately reduces to solving a nonlinear program with sparsity constraints. We provide a new sparse nonlinear reconstruction technique to approach this problem. The performance of proposed technique is demonstrated with some standard imaging problems including image segmentation, X-ray tomography and diffusive tomography.
Alireza Aghasi; Justin Romberg
Shaping Bits
The performance of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) with bit shaping (i.e., non-equiprobable bit probabilities in the underlying binary code) is studied. For the Gaussian channel, the rates achievable with BICM and bit shaping are practically identical to those of coded modulation or multilevel coding. This identity holds for the whole range of values of signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the random coding error exponent of BICM significantly exceeds that of multilevel coding and is very close to that of coded modulation.
Fabregas, Albert Guillen i
3D Shape Research
Shape Analysis Research Project. Summary: ... We have organized two workshops on 3D shape retrieval and two shape retrieval contests. ...
Shape Memory Alloys
Scope, Shape memory alloys (SMA) have received widespread attention from ... The symposium focuses on shape memory and superelastic materials and their�...
odd shaped array
NIST. odd shaped array. (data structure). Definition: See ragged matrix. Author: PEB. Go to the Dictionary of Algorithms and ...
Shape Metamorphism Using p-Laplacian Equation
We present a new approach for shape metamorphism, which is a process of gradually changing a source shape (known) through intermediate shapes (unknown) into a target shape (known). The problem, when represented with implicit scalar function, is under-constrained, and regularization is needed. Using the p-Laplacian equation (PLE), we generalize a series of regularization terms based on the gradient of the implicit function, and we show that the present methods lack additional constraints for a more stable solution. The novelty of our approach is in the deployment of a new regularization term when p --> infinity which leads to the infinite Laplacian equation (ILE). We show that ILE minimizes the supremum of the gradient and prove that it is optimal for metamorphism since intermediate solutions are equally distributed along their normal direction. Applications of the proposed algorithm for 2D and 3D objects are demonstrated.
Cong, Ge; Esser, Mehmet; Parvin, Bahram; Bebis, George
Combinatorial shape decomposition
We formulate decomposition of two-dimensional shapes as a combinatorial optimization problem and present a dynamic programming algorithm that solves it.
Ralf Juengling; Melanie Mitchell
star-shaped polygon
NIST. star-shaped polygon. (definition). Definition: A polygon P in which there exists an interior point p such that all the boundary ...
The Shape of Things
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Privacy and Security Notice Math and Science Activities from Jefferson Lab The Shape of Things How can scientists study something they can't see? In this experiment,...
Shape memory alloys
A shape memory alloy is disclosed consisting essentially of, by weight ratio, 2 to 15% aluminium, 0.01 to 3% beryllium and the balance being substantially copper, with impurities being inevitably present in the process of preparation, and a shape memory alloy further including 0.05 to 15% zinc, both including composition ranges which allows cold work.
Suzuki, K.
Pulse shaping system
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Temporally shaped electrical waveform generation provides electrical waveforms suitable for driving an electro-optic modulator (EOM) which produces temporally shaped optical laser pulses for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The temporally shaped electrical waveform generation is carried out with aperture coupled transmission lines having an input transmission line and an aperture coupled output transmission line, along which input and output pulses propagate in opposite directions. The output electrical waveforms are shaped principally due to the selection of coupling aperture width, in a direction transverse to the lines, which varies along the length of the line. Specific electrical waveforms, which may be high voltage (up to kilovolt range), are produced and applied to the EOM to produce specifically shaped optical laser pulses. 8 figs.
Skeldon, M.D.; Letzring, S.A.
Temporally shaped electrical waveform generation provides electrical waveforms suitable for driving an electro-optic modulator (EOM) which produces temporally shaped optical laser pulses for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The temporally shaped electrical waveform generation is carried out with aperture coupled transmission lines having an input transmission line and an aperture coupled output transmission line, along which input and output pulses propagate in opposite directions. The output electrical waveforms are shaped principally due to the selection of coupling aperture width, in a direction transverse to the lines, which varies along the length of the line. Specific electrical waveforms, which may be high voltage (up to kilovolt range), are produced and applied to the EOM to produce specifically shaped optical laser pulses.
Skeldon, Mark D. (Penfield, NY); Letzring, Samuel A. (Jemez Springs, NM)
Alpha-shapes and flow shapes are homotopy equivalent
In this paper we establish a topological similarity between two apparently different shape constructors from a set of points. Shape constructors are geometric structures that transform finite point sets into continuous shapes. Due to their immense practical ...
Tamal K. Dey; Joachim Giesen; Matthias John
Shape memory polymer medical device
A system for removing matter from a conduit. The system includes the steps of passing a transport vehicle and a shape memory polymer material through the conduit, transmitting energy to the shape memory polymer material for moving the shape memory polymer material from a first shape to a second and different shape, and withdrawing the transport vehicle and the shape memory polymer material through the conduit carrying the matter.
Maitland, Duncan (Pleasant Hill, CA); Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA); Bearinger, Jane P. (Livermore, CA); Wilson, Thomas S. (San Leandro, CA); Small, IV, Ward (Livermore, CA); Schumann, Daniel L. (Concord, CA); Jensen, Wayne A. (Livermore, CA); Ortega, Jason M. (Pacifica, CA); Marion, III, John E. (Livermore, CA); Loge, Jeffrey M. (Stockton, CA)
Robust impedance shaping telemanipulation
When a human operator performs a task via a bilateral manipulator, the feel of the task is embodied in the mechanical impedance of the manipulator. Traditionally, a bilateral manipulator is designed for transparency; i.e., so that the impedance reflected through the manipulator closely approximates that of the task. Impedance shaping bilateral control, introduced here, differs in that it treats the bilateral manipulator as a means of constructively altering the impedance of a task. This concept is particularly valuable if the characteristic dimensions (e.g., force, length, time) of the task impedance are very different from those of the human limb. It is shown that a general form of impedance shaping control consists of a conventional power-scaling bilateral controller augmented with a real-time interactive task simulation (i.e., a virtual environment). An approach to impedance shaping based on kinematic similarity between tasks of different scale is introduced and illustrated with an example. It is shown that an important consideration in impedance shaping controller design is robustness; i.e., guaranteeing the stability of the operator/manipulator/task system. A general condition for the robustness of a bilateral manipulator is derived. This condition is based on the structured singular value ({mu}). An example of robust impedance shaping bilateral control is presented and discussed.
Colgate, J.E. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering] [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Hysteresis, Reversibility, and Shape Memory
Basic Properties of Shape Memory Materials from First-Principles ... Control Loops of Shape Memory Actuators by Detection of the Electrical Resistance.
Shape similarity search using XML and portal technology
This paper proposed an out-sourcing system to improve the shape recognition in terms of the accuracy, speed, and also the accessibility of such tool over the Internet. The proposed system will be implemented using XML and Java technology. It is the first ... Keywords: XML, out-source, semantic image, shape
Man Hing Yu; Chee Chern Lim; Jesse S. Jin
Object image retrieval by shape content in complex scenes using geometric constraints
This paper presents an image retrieval system based on 2D shape information. Query shape objects and database images are represented by polygonal approximations of their contours. Afterwards they are encoded, using geometric features, in terms of predefined ...
Agn�s Borr�s; Josep Llad�s
The Shapes of Animals
Shapes of Animals Shapes of Animals Nature Bulletin No. 698 December 15, 1962 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Seymour Simon, President David H. Thompson, Senior Naturalist THE SHAPES OF ANIMALS The shape of an animal tells a great deal about the kind of life it leads. Unlike common plants which stay rooted to one spot, they are active creatures that move about under their own power. They crawl, walk, run, jump, climb, dig, swim or fly. They hunt food, make homes, produce young, flee from their enemies or fight them. Certain body proportions and types of legs, wings or other features go along with each habit of life. Animals, even when they are at rest, give the impression of being ready to do something or go somewhere. For example, animals that specialize in jumping, such as the rabbit, frog, flea, grasshopper and kangaroo, have long powerful hind legs. The climbers may have the grasping feet of the opossum and raccoon; the hooked claws of tree squirrels, cats, woodpeckers and many insects; or the suction cups of the tree frog's toes, or the housefly's feet, by which they can walk up a window pane or upside down across a ceiling. The best diggers -- the mole, woodchuck, badger and the underground young of a 17-year cicada -- have short stout forelegs equipped with heavy claws for scooping earth.
Shape memory alloy thaw sensors
A sensor permanently indicates that it has been exposed to temperatures exceeding a critical temperature for a predetermined time period. An element of the sensor made from shape memory alloy changes shape when exposed, even temporarily, to temperatures above the Austenitic temperature of the shape memory alloy. The shape change of the SMA element causes the sensor to change between two readily distinguishable states.
Shahinpoor, Mohsen (Albuquerque, NM); Martinez, David R. (Albuquerque, NM)
Structure-aware shape processing
Shape structure is about the arrangement and relations between shape parts. Structure-aware shape processing goes beyond local geometry and low level processing, and analyzes and processes shapes at a high level. It focuses more on the global inter and ...
Niloy Mitra, Michael Wand, Hao (Richard) Zhang, Daniel Cohen-Or, Vladimir Kim, Qi-Xing Huang
Shape memory alloy actuator
An actuator for cycling between first and second positions includes a first shaped memory alloy (SMA) leg, a second SMA leg. At least one heating/cooling device is thermally connected to at least one of the legs, each heating/cooling device capable of simultaneously heating one leg while cooling the other leg. The heating/cooling devices can include thermoelectric and/or thermoionic elements.
Varma, Venugopal K. (Knoxville, TN)
High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys
Mar 5, 2013 ... Shape Memory Response of NiTiHfPd High Strength and High Hysteresis Shape Memory Alloys: Emre Acar1; Haluk Karaca1; Hirobumi Tobe1;�...
A sensor permanently indicates that it has been exposed to temperatures exceeding a critical temperature for a predetermined time period. An element of the sensor made from shape memory alloy changes shape when exposed, even temporarily, to temperatures above the austenitic temperature of the shape memory alloy. The shape change of the SMA element causes the sensor to change between two readily distinguishable states. 16 figs.
Shahinpoor, M.; Martinez, D.R.
Shape control of manipulators with hyper degrees of freedom
This paper provides a theoretical framework for controlling a manipulator with hyper degrees of freedom (HDOF) . An HDOF manipulator has the capability to achieve various kinds of tasks. To make full use of its capability, shape control is proposed here; that is, not only the tip of a manipulator, but also its whole body is controlled. To formulate control objectives for shape control, the authors define a shape correspondence between an HDOF manipulator and a spatial curve that prescribes a desired shape. The shape correspondence is defined by using solutions of a nonlinear optimization problem termed the shape-inverse problem. They give theorems on the existence of the solutions, and on an existence region that allows them to convert shape-control problems into more tractable ones. A shape-regulation control problem is considered first to bring an HDOF manipulator onto a given time-invariant curve. The idea of estimating the desired curve parameters is the crucial key to solving the problem by Lyapunov design. The derived shape-regulation law includes the estimator, which infers the desired curve parameters corresponding to the desired joint positions on the curve. The idea of the desired curve-parameter estimation is also effective for shape tracking where a time-varying curve is used for prescribing a moving desired shape. Considering an estimator with second-order dynamics enables the authors to find two shape-tracking control laws by utilizing conventional tracking methods in manipulator control. They show the simulation results of applying the derived shape-tracking control laws to a 20-DOF manipulator.
Mochiyama, Hiromi; Shimemura, Etsujiro [Japan Advanced Inst. of Science and Technology Hokuriku, Ishikawa (Japan). School of Information Science] [Japan Advanced Inst. of Science and Technology Hokuriku, Ishikawa (Japan). School of Information Science; Kobayashi, Hisato [Hosei Univ., Koganei, Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering] [Hosei Univ., Koganei, Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Superelastic and Shape Memory Effects of Copper-Based Shape ...
Abstract Scope, Shape memory alloys have been considered for applications as sensors, actuators, and energy-absorbing materials because of their impressive�...
Shape the light, light the shape - lighting installation in performance.
??This thesis investigates the lighting design theory Light Inside Out, which is the technique of shaping light toward a creation of lighting installation in performance� (more)
Yu, Lih-Hwa, 1972-
Free form hemispherical shaped charge
A hemispherical shaped charge has been modified such that one side of the hemisphere is spherical and the other is a spherical allowing a wall thickness variation in the liner. A further modification is to use an elongated hemispherical shape. The liner has a thick wall at its pole and a thin wall at the equator with a continually decreasing wall thickness from the pole to the equator. The ratio of the wall thickness from the pole to the equator varies depending on liner material and HE shape. Hemispherical shaped charges have previously been limited to spherical shapes with no variations in wall thicknesses. By redesign of the basic liner thicknesses, the jet properties of coherence, stability, and mass distribution have been significantly improved. It is an object of this invention to provide an improved shape charge for oil well perforation.
Haselman, L.C. Jr.
Quadrupole shape invariants in the interacting boson model
In terms of the Interacting Boson Model, shape invariants for the ground state, formed by quadrupole moments up to sixth order, are studied in the dynamical symmetry limits and, for the first time, over the whole structural range of the IBM-1. The results are related to the effective deformation parameters and their fluctuations in the geometrical model. New signatures that can distinguish vibrator and gamma-soft rotor structures, and one that is related to shape coexistence, are identified.
Werner, V; Von Brentano, P; Casten, R F; Jolos, R V
V. Werner; N. Pietralla; P. von Brentano; R. F. Casten; R. V. Jolos
Shape factor, C /SUB A/ , expressed as skin, S /SUB CA/
This work presents the conversion of the shape factor, C /SUB A/ , to a pseudosteady-state skin term, S /SUB CA/ . When the shape factor is expressed as a skin term, it becomes easier to see the effect that a well placement in a given drainage area will have on the well's performance. Skin factors for published drainage shapes and well locations are given.
Fetkovich, M.J.; Vienot, M.E.
Shape resonances in molecular fields
A shape resonance is a quasibound state in which a particle is temporarily trapped by a potential barrier (i.e., the shape of the potential), through which it may eventually tunnel and escape. This simple mechanism plays a prominent role in a variety of excitation processes in molecules, ranging from vibrational excitation by slow electrons to ionization of deep core levels by X-rays. Moreover, their localized nature makes shape resonances a unifying link between otherwise dissimilar circumstances. One example is the close connection between shape resonances in electron-molecule scattering and in molecular photoionization. Another is the frequent persistence of free-molecule shape resonant behavior upon adsorption on a surface or condensation into a molecular solid. The main focus of this article is a discussion of the basic properties of shape resonances in molecular fields, illustrated by the more transparent examples studied over the last ten years. Other aspects to be discussed are vibrational effects of shape resonances, connections between shape resonances in different physical settings, and examples of shape resonant behavior in more complex cases, which form current challenges in this field.
Dehmer, J.L.
Applications of Shape Memory Alloys
Mar 3, 2011 ... More than 50 years after the discovery of shape memory alloys, and after investments of millions of dollars, there are very few successful�...
A shape resonance is a quasibound state in which a particle is temporarily trapped by a potential barrier (i.e., the shape of the potential), through which it may eventually tunnel and escape. This simple mechanism plays a prominent role in a variety of excitation processes in molecules, ranging from vibrational excitation by slow electrons to ionization of deep core levels by x-rays. Moreover, their localized nature makes shape resonances a unifying link between otherwise dissimilar circumstances. One example is the close connection between shape resonances in electron-molecule scattering and in molecular photoionization. Another is the frequent persistence of free-molecule shape resonant behavior upon adsorption on a surface or condensation into a molecular solid. The main focus of this article is a discussion of the basic properties of shape resonances in molecular fields, illustrated by the more transparent examples studied over the last ten years. Other aspects to be discussed are vibrational effects of shape resonances, connections between shape resonances in different physical settings, and examples of shape resonant behavior in more complex cases, which form current challenges in this field.
Pulse shaping with transmission lines
A method and apparatus for forming shaped voltage pulses uses passive reflection from a transmission line with nonuniform impedance. The impedance of the reflecting line varies with length in accordance with the desired pulse shape. A high voltage input pulse is transmitted to the reflecting line. A reflected pulse is produced having the desired shape and is transmitted by pulse removal means to a load. Light activated photoconductive switches made of silicon can be utilized. The pulse shaper can be used to drive a Pockels cell to produce shaped optical pulses.
Wilcox, R.B.
Wilcox, Russell B. (Oakland, CA)
A hemispherical shaped charge has been modified such that one side of the hemisphere is spherical and the other is aspherical allowing a wall thickness variation in the liner. A further modification is to use an elongated hemispherical shape. The liner has a thick wall at its pole and a thin wall at the equator with a continually decreasing wall thickness from the pole to the equator. The ratio of the wall thickness from the pole to the equator varies depending on liner material and HE shape. Hemispherical shaped charges have previously been limited to spherical shapes with no variations in wall thicknesses. By redesign of the basic liner thicknesses, the jet properties of coherence, stability, and mass distribution have been significantly improved.
Haselman, Jr., Leonard C. (Livermore, CA)
Equilibrium Crystal Shape of Nickel
The crystal shape of Ni particles, dewetted in the solid state on sapphire substrates, was examined as a function of the partial pressure of oxygen (P(O2)) and iron content using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the surface was characterized by atom-probe tomography. Unlike other FCC equilibrium crystal shapes, the Ni crystals containing little or no impurities exhibited a facetted shape, indicating large surface anisotropy. In addition to the {111}, {100} and {110} facets, which are usually present in the equilibrium crystal shape of FCC metals, high index facets were identified such as {135} and {138} at low P(O2), and {012} and {013} at higher P(O2). The presence of iron altered the crystal shape into a truncated sphere with only facets parallel to denser planes. The issue of particle equilibration is discussed specifically for the case of solid-state dewetting.
Meltzman, Hila [Technion, Israel Institute of Technology; Chatain, Dominique [Universite d'Aix-Marseille; Avizemer, Dan [Technion, Israel Institute of Technology; Besmann, Theodore M [ORNL; Kaplan, Prof. Wayne D. [Technion, Israel Institute of Technology
Shape of optimal active flagella
Many eukaryotic cells use the active waving motion of flexible flagella to self-propel in viscous fluids. However, the criteria governing the selection of particular flagellar waveforms among all possible shapes has proved elusive so far. To address this question, we derive computationally the optimal shape of an internally-forced periodic planar flagellum deforming as a travelling wave. The optimum is here defined as the shape leading to a given swimming speed with minimum energetic cost. To calculate the energetic cost though, we consider the irreversible internal power expanded by the molecular motors forcing the flagellum, only a portion of which ending up dissipated in the fluid. This optimisation approach allows us to derive a family of shapes depending on a single dimensionless number quantifying the relative importance of elastic to viscous effects: the Sperm number. The computed optimal shapes are found to agree with the waveforms observed on spermatozoon of marine organisms, thus suggesting that the...
Eloy, Christophe
Laser fusion pulse shape controller
An apparatus for controlling the pulse shape, i.e., the pulse duration and intensity pattern, of a pulsed laser system, and which is particularly well adapted for controlling the pellet ignition pulse in a laser-driven fusion reaction system. The apparatus comprises a laser generator for providing an optical control pulse of the shape desired, a pulsed laser triggered by the control pulse, and a plurality of optical Kerr-effect gates serially disposed at the output of the pulsed laser and selectively triggered by the control pulse to pass only a portion of the pulsed laser output generally corresponding in shape to the control pulse.
Siebert, Larry D. (Ann Arbor, MI)
Matching Shapes Using Local Descriptors
We present a method for comparing shapes of grayscale images in noisy circumstances. By establishing correspondences in a new image with a shape model, we can estimate a transformation between the new region and the model. Using a cost function for deviations from the model, we can rank resulting shape matches. We compare two separate distinct region detectors: Scale Saliency and difference of gaussians. We show that this method is successful in comparing images of fluid mixing under anisotropic geometric distortions and additive gaussian noise. Scale Saliency outperforms the difference of Gaussians in this context.
White, R; Newsam, S; Kamath, C
Shape memory metals. Final report
The ability to define a manufacturing process to form, heat-treat, and join parts made of nickel-titanium and/or copper-zinc-aluminum shape memory alloys was investigated. The specific emphasis was to define a process that would produce shape memory alloy parts in the configuration of helical coils emulating the appearance of compression springs. In addition, the mechanical strength of the finished parts along with the development of a electrical lead attachment method using shape memory alloy wire was investigated.
Dworak, T.D.
Method for joining ceramic shapes
A method for joining shapes of ceramic materials together to form a unitary ceramic structure. In the method of the invention, a mixture of two or more chemical components which will react exothermically is placed between the surfaces to be joined, and the joined shapes heated to a temperature sufficient to initiate the exothermic reaction forming a joining material which acts to bond the shapes together. Reaction materials are chosen which will react exothermically at temperatures below the degradation temperature of the materials to be joined. The process is particularly suited for joining composite materials of the silicon carbide-silicon carbide fiber type.
Rabin, Barry H. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Shape optimization using reflection lines
Many common objects have highly reflective metallic or painted finishes. Their appearance is primarily defined by the distortion the curved shape of the surface introduces in the reflections of surrounding objects. Reflection lines are commonly used ...
E. Tosun; Y. I. Gingold; J. Reisman; D. Zorin
We present an efficient multi-scale scheme to adaptively approximate the continuous (or densely sampled) contour of a planar shape at varying resolutions. The notion of shape is intimately related to the notion of contour, and the efficient representation of the contour of a shape is vital to a computational understanding of the shape. Any polygonal approximation of a planar smooth curve is equivalent to a piecewise constant approximation of the parameterized X and Y coordinate functions of a discrete point set obtained by densely sampling the curve. Using the Haar wavelet transform for the piecewise approximation yields a hierarchical scheme in which the size of the approximating point set is traded off against the morphological accuracy of the approximation. Our algorithm compresses the representation of the initial shape contour to a sparse sequence of points in the plane defining the vertices of the shape's polygonal approximation. Furthermore, it is possible to control the overall resolution of the approximation by a single, scale-independent parameter.
Prasad, L.; Rao, R.
Restrictions on expansion of traditional centralized generating and delivery systems may be becoming so tight in the industrialized countries that they cannot reasonably be expected meet future electricity demand growth at acceptable cost. Meanwhile, technological advances, notably improved power electronics that permit grid interconnection of asynchronous generation sources, is tilting the economics of power generation back towards smaller scales, thereby reversing a century long trend towards the central control paradigm. Special power quality requirements or opportunities for combined heat and power applications make on-site generation an even more attractive option for customers. The existence of a significant amount of electricity sources dispersed throughout the low voltage distribution system could create a power system quite different to the one we are familiar with and creating it offers significant research and engineering challenges. Moreover, the electrical and economic relationships between customers and the distribution utility and among customers may take forms quite distinct from those we know today. For example, rather than devices being individually interconnected in parallel with the grid, they may be grouped with loads in a semi-autonomous neighborhood that could be termed a microgrid. A microgrid is a cluster of small (by the standards of current power systems, e.g. microgrid concept is the notion of a flexible, yet controllable electronic interface between the microgrid and the familiar wider power system, or macrogrid. This interface essentially isolates the two sides electrically; and yet connects them economically by allowing delivery and receipt of electrical energy and ancillary services (EE&AS) at the interface. From the customer side of the interface, the microgrid should appear as an autonomous power system meeting the power quality and reliability requirements of the customer. Such issues as local voltage, reliability, losses and quality of power should be those that support the customers' objectives. From the macrogrid side, however, the microgrid should appear as a legitimate entity akin to current interconnected generators or loads. A key distinction between microgrids and our familiar arrangements is the expanded role of electricity endusers in determining the pattern of development of the overall power system, which must not only accommodate purchases and sales of EE&AS to and from established markets but also contractual agreements between microgrids. Fundamentally, the characteristics and capabilities of the microgrid will be determined by its internal requirements together with the technical, economic, and regulatory opportunities and constraints it faces, and not by established objectives for capacity expansion and reliability of the macrogrid. The goal of Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) work underway at the Berkeley Lab is to anticipate possible patterns of microgrid development that can help focus research efforts on the key technical problems that must be solved to enable microgrid deployment.
Restrictions on expansion of traditional centralized generating and delivery systems may be becoming so tight in the industrialized countries that they cannot reasonably be expected meet future electricity demand growth at acceptable cost. Meanwhile, technological advances, notably improved power electronics that permit grid interconnection of asynchronous generation sources, is tilting the economics of power generation back towards smaller scales, thereby reversing a century long trend towards the central control paradigm. Special power quality requirements or opportunities for combined heat and power applications make on-site generation an even more attractive option for customers. The existence of a significant amount of electricity sources dispersed throughout the low voltage distribution system could create a power system quite different to the one we are familiar with and creating it offers significant research and engineering challenges. Moreover, the electrical and economic relationships between customers and the distribution utility and among customers may take forms quite distinct from those we know today. For example, rather than devices being individually interconnected in parallel with the grid, they may be grouped with loads in a semi-autonomous neighborhood that could be termed a microgrid. A microgrid is a cluster of small (by the standards of current power systems, e.g. < 500 kW) sources, storage systems, and loads which presents itself to the grid as a legitimate single entity. The heart of the microgrid concept is the notion of a flexible, yet controllable electronic interface between the microgrid and the familiar wider power system, or macrogrid. This interface essentially isolates the two sides electrically; and yet connects them economically by allowing delivery and receipt of electrical energy and ancillary services (EE&AS) at the interface. From the customer side of the interface, the microgrid should appear as an autonomous power system meeting the power quality and reliability requirements of the customer. Such issues as local voltage, reliability, losses and quality of power should be those that support the customers' objectives. From the macrogrid side, however, the microgrid should appear as a legitimate entity akin to current interconnected generators or loads. A key distinction between microgrids and our familiar arrangements is the expanded role of electricity endusers in determining the pattern of development of the overall power system, which must not only accommodate purchases and sales of EE&AS to and from established markets but also contractual agreements between microgrids. Fundamentally, the characteristics and capabilities of the microgrid will be determined by its internal requirements together with the technical, economic, and regulatory opportunities and constraints it faces, and not by established objectives for capacity expansion and reliability of the macrogrid. The goal of Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) work underway at the Berkeley Lab is to anticipate possible patterns of microgrid development that can help focus research efforts on the key technical problems that must be solved to enable microgrid deployment.
Precise shape analysis using field sensitivity
We present a static shape analysis technique to infer the shapes of the heap structures created by a program at run time. Our technique is field sensitive in that it uses field information to compute the shapes. The shapes of the heap structures are ... Keywords: Compilers, Dataflow analysis, Heap analysis, Shape analysis, Static analysis
Sandeep Dasgupta, Amey Karkare, Vinay Kr Reddy
Shape memory polymer foams for endovascular therapies
A system for occluding a physical anomaly. One embodiment comprises a shape memory material body wherein the shape memory material body fits within the physical anomaly occluding the physical anomaly. The shape memory material body has a primary shape for occluding the physical anomaly and a secondary shape for being positioned in the physical anomaly.
Wilson, Thomas S. (Castro Valley, CA); Maitland, Duncan J. (Pleasant Hill, CA)
Novel Zigzag Shape Gives Sensors Magnetic Appeal
... Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have designed tiny magnetic sensors in a "zigzag" shape that are ... Zigzag-shaped magnetic sensors. ...
NIST: Atomic Spectros. - Spectral Line Shapes, etc.
... For a Maxwellian velocity distribution, the line shape is Gaussian; the full width at ... Shapes are often approximately Lorentzian, ie, I(?) ? {1 + [(? - ? 0 ...
Characterization of Shape Memory Alloys: Deformation Behavior
Feb 28, 2011... expected that NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA) actuators would provide simple and light weight replacements for controlling chevron-shaped�...
Shaping A New Era In Energy
Shaping A New Era In Energy. In this issue of The Energy & Utilities Project, Shaping A New Era In Energy: how the Baldrige ...
2012 Near Net Shape Manufacturing Workshop: Home
2012 Near Net Shape Manufacturing Workshop April 11-13, 2012, iWireless Center, Moline, Illinois � USA. The 2012 Near Net Shape Manufacturing Workshop�...
Shape Determination for Deformed Cavities
A realistic superconducting RF cavity has its shape deformed comparing to its designed shape due to the loose tolerance in the fabrication process and the frequency tuning for its accelerating mode. A PDE-constrained optimization problem is proposed to determine the deformation of the cavity. A reduce space method is used to solve the PDE-constrained optimization problem where design sensitivities were computed using a continuous adjoint approach. A proof-of-concept example is given in which the deformation parameters of a single cavity-cell with two different types of deformation were computed.
Lee, Lie-Quan; Akcelik, Volkan; Chen, Sheng; Ge, Lixin; Li, Zenghai; Ng, Cho; Xiao, Liling; Ko, Kwok; /SLAC; Ghattas, Omar; /Texas U.
Shaping communities out of triangles
Community detection has arisen as one of the most relevant topics in the field of graph data mining due to its importance in many fields such as biology, social networks or network traffic analysis. The metrics proposed to shape communities are too lax ... Keywords: community detection, conductance, modularity, social networks
Arnau Prat-P�rez; David Dominguez-Sal; Josep M. Brunat; Josep-Lluis Larriba-Pey
Pistol-shaped dosimeter charger
A pistol-shaped charger assembly clamps a cylindrical radiation dosimeter against one edge thereof. A triggerlike lever on the handgrip of the assembly is manually pivoted to actuate a piezoelectric current generator held in the handgrip and thereby charge the dosimeter.
Maples, Robert A. (Powell, TN)
SHREC 2009 - Shape Retrieval Contest on a New Generic ...
... SHREC 2009 - Shape Retrieval Contest on a New Generic Shape Benchmark. Call for Participation: SHREC 2009 - Shape ...
Shape memory polymer actuator and catheter
An actuator system is provided for acting upon a material in a vessel. The system includes an optical fiber and a shape memory polymer material operatively connected to the optical fiber. The shape memory polymer material is adapted to move from a first shape for moving through said vessel to a second shape where it can act upon said material.
Maitland, Duncan J. (Pleasant Hill, CA); Lee, Abraham P. (Walnut Creek, CA); Schumann, Daniel L. (Concord, CA); Matthews, Dennis L. (Moss Beach, CA); Decker, Derek E. (Byron, CA); Jungreis, Charles A. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Shape from the Light Field Boundary
Ray-based representations of shape have received little attention in computer vision. In this paper we show that the problem of recovering shape from silhouettes becomes considerably simplified if it is formulated as a reconstruction problem in the space ... Keywords: ray-based representations, 3D surface reconstruction, shape from silhouettes, shape from occluding contour
Kiriakos N. Kutulakos
NIST Highlight about investigating nanoscale pattern shape ...
NIST researchers validate new method for investigating nanoscale pattern shape evolution. NIST researchers successfully ...
Statistical shape fluctuations in /sup 166/Er
Statistical shape fluctuations are calculated for /sup 166/Er at spins 0 and 40(h/2..pi..). The fluctuations produce an average shape, which is distinct from the most probable (i.e., mean field) shape. At low temperatures the average shape is similar to the most probable shape, and the shape fluctuations are small. With increasing temperature the shape fluctuations increase, as does the difference between the average shape and the most probable shape. The fluctuations smooth out the sharp shape transitions predicted by mean field theories. Although the most probable phase at spin 40(h/2..pi..) and critical temperature 1.64 MeV is oblate noncollective rotation, the fluctuations create a high probability for prolate collective, prolate noncollective, and oblate collective rotations as well.
Goodman, A.L.
Optical and plasmonic spectroscopy with cantilever shaped materials
plasmonic spectroscopy with cantilever shaped materials plasmonic spectroscopy with cantilever shaped materials This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2011 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44 445102 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3727/44/44/445102) Download details: IP Address: 22.214.171.124 The article was downloaded on 28/12/2012 at 18:01 Please note that terms and conditions apply. View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience IOP PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44 (2011) 445102 (9pp) doi:10.1088/0022-3727/44/44/445102 Optical and plasmonic spectroscopy with cantilever shaped materials L Tetard 1 , A Passian 1,2 , R H Farahi 1 , B H Davison 1 , A L Lereu 3 and T Thundat
PowerShape Market Profiles
This guidebook contains a series of market profiles for customer segments within the commercial and residential sectors. Each profile is a stand-alone document that provides information about a sector, segment region, or technology. PowerShape Market Profiles provide key insights into the market, demographic, business, and energy characteristics of segments within the commercial and residential sectors. It provides vital information for contacting customers equipped with an understanding of their busines...
A process is presented for producing and casting high purity plutonium metal in one step from plutonium tetrafluoride. The process comprises heating a mixture of the plutonium tetrafluoride with calcium while the mixture is in contact with and defined as to shape by a material obtained by firing a mixture consisting of calcium oxide and from 2 to 10% by its weight of calcium fluoride at from 1260 to 1370 deg C.
Anicetti, R.J.
Short-Term Energy Outlook
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
(83/3Q) (83/3Q) Short-Term Energy Outlook iuarterly Projections August 1983 Energy Information Administration Washington, D.C. 20585 t rt jrt- .ort- iort- iort- iort- nort- lort- '.ort- ort- Tt- .-m .erm -Term -Term -Term -Term -Term -Term -Term -Term -Term -Term -Term -Term Term .-Term -Term xrm Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy ^nergy -OJ.UUK Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term Short-Term
Shaping Planetary Nebulae by Jets
We conduct 2D axisymmetrical hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the interaction of a collimated fast wind (CFW; wide jets) with a spherical AGB wind. The code includes radiative cooling. We find that the shape of the planetary nebula (PN) is sensitive to the exact mass loss history of the AGB wind, and the opening angle of the CFW. Some typical PN morphologies are obtained, but many other observed morphologies seem to require more ingredients than what we assume in our present simulations, e.g., equatorial AGB wind, and ionization and fast wind during the PN phase. The hot bipolar bubble formed by the jets is an X-ray source.
Muhammad Akashi
Multiscale characterization and analysis of shapes
An adaptive multiscale method approximates shapes with continuous or uniformly and densely sampled contours, with the purpose of sparsely and nonuniformly discretizing the boundaries of shapes at any prescribed resolution, while at the same time retaining the salient shape features at that resolution. In another aspect, a fundamental geometric filtering scheme using the Constrained Delaunay Triangulation (CDT) of polygonized shapes creates an efficient parsing of shapes into components that have semantic significance dependent only on the shapes' structure and not on their representations per se. A shape skeletonization process generalizes to sparsely discretized shapes, with the additional benefit of prunability to filter out irrelevant and morphologically insignificant features. The skeletal representation of characters of varying thickness and the elimination of insignificant and noisy spurs and branches from the skeleton greatly increases the robustness, reliability and recognition rates of character recognition algorithms.
Prasad, Lakshman (Los Alamos, NM); Rao, Ramana (Sunnyvale, CA)
Shape Fitting Applied to an Individual Low
Shape fitting is a method of fitting mathematical equations representing a definite shape to a meteorological field. Here, a nine-parameter vortex representation is fitted to the sea-level pressure field of a strong midlatitude low. A severe ...
Stephen Clodman
Efficient shape matching via graph cuts
Meaningful notions of distance between planar shapes typically involve the computation of a correspondence between points on one shape and points on the other. To determine an optimal correspondence is a computationally challenging combinatorial problem. ...
Frank R. Schmidt; Eno T�ppe; Daniel Cremers; Yuri Boykov
Quantization Noise Shaping on Arbitrary Frame Expansions
Quantization noise shaping is commonly used in oversampled A/D and D/A converters with uniform sampling. This paper considers quantization noise shaping for arbitrary finite frame expansions based on generalizing the view ...
Boufounos, Petros T.
3D Shape Searching for Manufacturing Apps.
3D Shape Searching for Manufacturing Applications. Principal Investigator: Afzal Godil (301) 975-4262 email@example.com. ...
Russell Kirsch The Language of Shapes
... In 1971 MIT professor George Stiny and Boston College professor lames Gips wrote "Shape Grammars and the Generative Specification of ...
A curve design method with shape control
A curve design method has been proposed which, in addition to enjoying the good features of cubic splines, possesses interested shape design features too. Two families of shape parameters have been introduced in such a way that one family of parameters ... Keywords: Bernstein-B�zier, interpolation, shape control, spline, tension
M. Sarfraz; M. Balah
Explain Spires Terms
Spires terms Enter term below Example:   index :: Browse Examples Search Help :: About Explain SPIRES TopCites HEP Reviews SPIRES News Playground Preprint listings Resources...
Status Company Terminal Term
Status of Short-Term Applications to Export Previously Imported LNG (as of March 5, 2013) Status Company Terminal Term (Years) Authorized Volume (Equivalent Bcf in natural gas)...
Glossary Term - Tritium
Titans Previous Term (Titans) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Uranus) Uranus Tritium Discovered in 1934, tritium is an unstable isotope of the element hydrogen. An atom of tritium...
Glossary Term - Pluto
Pallas Previous Term (Pallas) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Positron) Positron Pluto A computer enhanced image of Pluto made from Hubble Space Telescope images taken in 1994....
Glossary Term - Cloud Chamber
Ceres Previous Term (Ceres) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Composition of the Earth's Atmosphere) Composition of theEarth's Atmosphere Cloud Chamber A cloud chamber showing the...
Glossary Term - Beta Particle
Decay Previous Term (Beta Decay) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Bohr Radius) Bohr Radius Beta Particle Beta particles are either electrons or positrons ejected from the nucleus....
Glossary Term - Alpha Particle
Decay Previous Term (Alpha Decay) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Atomic Number) Atomic Number Alpha Particle alphaparticle.gif Produced during alpha decay, an alpha particle is a...
Glossary Term - Deuterium
Cyclotron Previous Term (Cyclotron) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Deuteron) Deuteron Deuterium Discovered in 1932 by Harold C. Urey, deuterium is a stable isotope of the element...
Glossary Term - Pallas
Nucleus Previous Term (Nucleus) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Pluto) Pluto Pallas Pallas is an asteroid located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Discovered on March 28,...
Glossary Term - Prometheus
Positron Previous Term (Positron) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Proton) Proton Prometheus In Greek mythology, Promethus was the son of the Titan Iapetus. He fought with Zeus...
Glossary Term - Neutron Emission
Neutron Previous Term (Neutron) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Niobe) Niobe Neutron Emission After neutron emission, an atom contains one less neutron. Neutron emission is one...
Glossary Term - Atomic Number
Particle Previous Term (Alpha Particle) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Avogadro's Number) Avogadro's Number Atomic Number Silver's atomic number is 47 The atomic number is equal to...
Glossary Term - Proton Emission
Proton Previous Term (Proton) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Quark) Quark Proton Emission After proton emission, an atom contains one less proton. Proton emission is one process...
Glossary Term - Cyclotron
of theEarth's Atmosphere Previous Term (Composition of the Earth's Atmosphere) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Deuterium) Deuterium Cyclotron A cyclotron is a device used to...
Glossary Term - Proton
Prometheus Previous Term (Prometheus) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Proton Emission) Proton Emission Proton A Proton Protons are positively charged particles found within atomic...
Glossary Term - Alpha Decay
Universe Previous Term (10 Most Abundant Elements in the Universe) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Alpha Particle) Alpha Particle Alpha Decay Alpha Decay Diagram Alpha decay is one...
Glossary Term - Neutron
Neutrino Previous Term (Neutrino) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Neutron Emission) Neutron Emission Neutron A Neutron Neutrons are uncharged particles found within atomic nuclei....
Glossary Term - Isotope
Helios Previous Term (Helios) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Joule) Joule Isotope The Three Isotopes of Hydrogen - Protium, Deuterium and Tritium Atoms that have the same number of...
Glossary Term - Positron
Pluto Previous Term (Pluto) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Prometheus) Prometheus Positron A Positron The antimatter counterpart of the electron, positrons were discovered in 1932...
Glossary Term - Niobe
Neutron Emission Previous Term (Neutron Emission) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Nucleus) Nucleus Niobe In Greek mythology, Niobe was the daughter of Tantalus. She was punished by...
Glossary Term - Lepton
Joule Previous Term (Joule) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Liquid Nitrogen) Liquid Nitrogen Lepton Leptons are particles with little mass that interact through the electromagnetic...
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Fall Term Spring Term
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM Fall Term Spring Term EGGG 101 Introduction to Engineering (FYE) 2 CHEG 112 Introduction to Chemical Engineering 3 CHEM 111 General Chemistry 3 CHEM 112 General Chemistry and Writing 3 Breadth Requirement Elective 1 3 15 17 CHEG 231 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 3 CHEG 325
Lee, Kelvin H.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM FALL 2010 Fall Term Spring Term EGGG 101 Introduction to Chemical Engineering 3 MATH 242 Analytic Geometry & Calculus B 4 MATH 243 Analytic Geometry & Calculus C 4 Critical Reading and Writing 3 Breadth Requirement Elective 1 3 15 17 CHEG 231 Chemical Engineering
Etched Quantum Dots Shape Up as Single Photon Emitters ...
Etched Quantum Dots Shape Up as Single ... of quantum dot can be shaped and positioned ... somewhat haphazard process results in irregular shapes. ...
Investigation of residential central air conditioning load shapes in NEMS
of Residential Central Air Conditioning Load Shapes in NEMSof Residential Central Air Conditioning Load Shapes in NEMSof Residential Central Air Conditioning Load Shapes in NEMS
Hamachi LaCommare, Kristina; Marnay, Chris; Gumerman, Etan; Chan, Peter; Rosenquist, Greg; Osborn, Julie
Financial and Economic Terms
This publication lists and defines many financial and economic terms with which producers should be familiar.
McCorkle, Dean; Klinefelter, Danny A.
Glossary of Terms
...Glossary of Terms, Surface Engineering, Vol 5, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1994, p 944�??973...
Shape Determination for Deformed Electromagnetic Cavities
The measured physical parameters of a superconducting cavity differ from those of the designed ideal cavity. This is due to shape deviations caused by both loose machine tolerances during fabrication and by the tuning process for the accelerating mode. We present a shape determination algorithm to solve for the unknown deviations from the ideal cavity using experimentally measured cavity data. The objective is to match the results of the deformed cavity model to experimental data through least-squares minimization. The inversion variables are unknown shape deformation parameters that describe perturbations of the ideal cavity. The constraint is the Maxwell eigenvalue problem. We solve the nonlinear optimization problem using a line-search based reduced space Gauss-Newton method where we compute shape sensitivities with a discrete adjoint approach. We present two shape determination examples, one from synthetic and the other from experimental data. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is very effective in determining the deformed cavity shape.
Akcelik, Volkan; Ko, Kwok; Lee, Lie-Quan; Li, Zhenghai; Ng, Cho-Kuen; Xiao, Liling; /SLAC
Influence of nosetip shape on boundary layer transition in arc heated jets
The effect of model shape on the graphite recession rate and boundary layer transition was studied in an arc jet over the pressure and enthalpy ranges of 0.99 to 20.7 MPa (9.8 to 204 atm) and 3416 to 15640J/g (1470 to 6730 Btu;lb), respectively. Hemispheric, flat-faced and conic cylindrical models were used. It was found that resistance to transition occurs in the order of flat-faced > conic > hemispheric shape. Evidence of this behavior is provided in terms of the relative ablation rates associated with each shape and the times-to-transition. The differences in resistance to transition are appreciable and suggest that reentry vehicles would benefit with respect to nosetip shape change by changing from the conventional hemispheric shape to a conic or, preferably, a flat-faced configuration.
Auerbach, I.
Wedding ring shaped excitation coil
A high frequency inductively coupled electrodeless lamp includes an excitation coil with an effective electrical length which is less than one half wavelength of a driving frequency applied thereto, preferably much less. The driving frequency may be greater than 100 MHz and is preferably as high as 915 MHz. Preferably, the excitation coil is configured as a non-helical, semi-cylindrical conductive surface having less than one turn, in the general shape of a wedding ring. At high frequencies, the current in the coil forms two loops which are spaced apart and parallel to each other. Configured appropriately, the coil approximates a Helmholtz configuration. The lamp preferably utilizes an bulb encased in a reflective ceramic cup with a pre-formed aperture defined therethrough. The ceramic cup may include structural features to aid in alignment and/or a flanged face to aid in thermal management. The lamp head is preferably an integrated lamp head comprising a metal matrix composite surrounding an insulating ceramic with the excitation integrally formed on the ceramic. A novel solid-state oscillator preferably provides RF power to the lamp. The oscillator is a single active element device capable of providing over 70 watts of power at over 70% efficiency.
MacLennan, Donald A. (Gaithersburg, MD); Tsai, Peter (Olney, MD)
Shape coexistence in atomic nuclei
Shape coexistence in nuclei appears to be unique in the realm of finite many-body quantum systems. It differs from the various geometrical arrangements that sometimes occur in a molecule in that in a molecule the various arrangements are of the widely separated atomic nuclei. In nuclei the various ''arrangements'' of nucleons involve (sets of) energy eigenstates with different electric quadrupole properties such as moments and transition rates, and different distributions of proton pairs and neutron pairs with respect to their Fermi energies. Sometimes two such structures will ''invert'' as a function of the nucleon number, resulting in a sudden and dramatic change in ground-state properties in neighboring isotopes and isotones. In the first part of this review the theoretical status of coexistence in nuclei is summarized. Two approaches, namely, microscopic shell-model descriptions and mean-field descriptions, are emphasized. The second part of this review presents systematic data, for both even- and odd-mass nuclei, selected to illustrate the various ways in which coexistence is observed in nuclei. The last part of this review looks to future developments and the issue of the universality of coexistence in nuclei. Surprises continue to be discovered. With the major advances in reaching to extremes of proton-neutron number, and the anticipated new ''rare isotope beam'' facilities, guidelines for search and discovery are discussed.
Heyde, Kris; Wood, John L. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent (Belgium); School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430 (United States)
Drop Shapes and Axis Ratio Distributions: Comparison between 2D Video Disdrometer and Wind-Tunnel Measurements
Comparisons of drop shapes between measurements made using 2D video disdrometer (2DVD) and wind-tunnel experiments are presented. Comparisons are made in terms of the mean drop shapes and the axis ratio distributions. Very close agreement of the ...
M. Thurai; V. N. Bringi; M. Szak�ll; S. K. Mitra; K. V. Beard; S. Borrmann
Assessment of Industrial-Sector Load Shapes
The load shapes of industrial-sector customers are becoming increasingly important for utility forecasting, marketing, and demand-side management planning and evaluation activities. This report analyzes load shapes for various industry segments and investigates the transfer of these load shapes across service territories. This report is available only to funders of Program 101A or 101.001. Funders may download this report at http://my.primen.com/Applications/DE/Community/index.asp .
Bird's Eggs - Their Size, Shape and Color
Search Engine Table of Contents Copyright Disclaimer Bird's Eggs - Their Size, Shape and Color Nature Bulletin No. 455-A April 29, 1972 Forest Preserve District of Cook...
Rotary actuator utilizing a shape memory alloy
An apparatus is described comprising; (a) rotary accumulator means for accumulating a length of a shape memory alloy wire; (b) the shape memory alloy wire attached at one end to a point fixed with respect to the rotary accumulator means and attached at a second end to the rotary accumulator means; (c) biasing means for biasing the rotary accumulator means to a first position; and (d) means for heating the shape memory alloy wire to cause the shape memory alloy wire to contract, thereby rotating the rotary accumulator means from the first position to a second position.
Bloch, J.T.
Shape Phase Transition of the Axially Symmetric States Between the U(5) and SU(3) Symmetries
The shape phase structure and its transition of the nucleus in the transitional region between the U(5) and SU(3) symmetries is restudied within the framework of coherent-state theory with angular momentum projection in IBM-1. The certain angular momentum (or rotation-driven) effect on the nuclear shape is discussed. A coexistence of prolate and oblate shapes is found for the ground states of the transitional nuclei. A phase diagram in terms of the deformation parameter and angular momentum is given.
Liang-zhu Mu; Yu-xin Liu
Oriented Event Shapes at N3LL + O(as^2)
We analyze oriented event-shapes in the context of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) and in Fixed-Order perturbation theory. Oriented event-shapes are distributions of event-shape variables which are differential on the angle theta_T that the thrust axis forms with the electron-positron beam. We show that at any order in perturbation theory and for any event shape, only two angular structures can appear: F_0 = 3/8(1 + cos^2 theta_T) and F_1 = (1 - 3cos^2 theta_T). When integrating over theta_T to recover the more familiar event-shape distributions, only F_0 survives. The validity of our proof goes beyond perturbation theory, and hence only these two structures are present at the hadron level. The proof also carries over massive particles. Using SCET techniques we show that singular terms can only arise in the F_0 term. Since only the hard function is sensitive to the orientation of the thrust axis, this statement applies also for recoil-sensitive variables such as Jet Broadening. We carry out resummation at N3LL of singular terms for Thrust, Heavy-Jet Mass, the sum of the Hemisphere Masses and C-parameter. We also compute the Fixed-Order distributions for these event-shapes at O(as) analytically and at O(as^2) with the program Event2.
Vicent Mateu; German Rodrigo
Shape fluctuations of a spherical surfactant shell in a ...
Page 1. 1 Shape fluctuations of a spherical surfactant shell in a microemulsion ... Micelles are closed shape structures where the ...
Finding Deformable Shapes Using Loopy Belief Propagation
A novel deformable template is presented which detects and localizes shapes in grayscale images. The template is formulated as a Bayesian graphical model of a two-dimensional shape contour, and it is matched to the image using a variant of the belief ...
James M. Coughlan; Sabino J. Ferreira
Glossary Term - Dry Ice
Deuteron Previous Term (Deuteron) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Electron) Electron Dry Ice A block of dry ice sublimating on a table. Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide...
Glossary Term - Avogadro's Number
Atomic Number Previous Term (Atomic Number) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Beta Decay) Beta Decay Avogadro's Number Avogadro's number is the number of particles in one mole of a...
Glossary Term - Vanadis
Van de Graaff Generator Previous Term (Van de Graaff Generator) Glossary Main Index Next Term (10 Most Abundant Compounds in the Earth's Crust) 10 Most Abundant Compoundsin the...
Glossary Term - Liquid Nitrogen
Lepton Previous Term (Lepton) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Mercury) Mercury Liquid Nitrogen Liquid nitrogen boils in a frying pan on a desk. The liquid state of the element...
Glossary Term - Mercury
Liquid Nitrogen Previous Term (Liquid Nitrogen) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Mole) Mole Mercury Mercury as seen by the Mariner 10 spacecraft on March 24, 1974. Mercury is the...
Glossary Term - Mole
Mercury Previous Term (Mercury) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Neptune) Neptune Mole A mole of a substance is the mass, in grams, that is numerically equal to that substance's...
Glossary Term - Helios
Half-life Previous Term (Half-life) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Isotope) Isotope Helios The sun seen in Hydrogen-alpha light. In Greek mythology, Helios was god of the sun....
Glossary Term - Nucleus
Niobe Previous Term (Niobe) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Pallas) Pallas Nucleus The nucleus of a nitrogen-14 atom. Discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, the nucleus is the...
Glossary Term - Deuteron
Deuterium Previous Term (Deuterium) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Dry Ice) Dry Ice Deuteron A Deuteron The nucleus of a deuterium atom. A deuteron consists of one proton and one...
Glossary Term - Joule
Isotope Previous Term (Isotope) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Lepton) Lepton Joule A joule is the amount of work done when a force of one Newton is applied through a distance of...
Glossary Term - Catalyst
Bohr Radius Previous Term (Bohr Radius) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Ceres) Ceres Catalyst A catalyst is a substance that increases the speed of a chemical reaction without being...
Glossary Term - Thor
Tantalus Previous Term (Tantalus) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Titans) Titans Thor In Norse mythology, Thor is the god of thunder and the son of Odin and Earth. Thor possesses a...
Glossary Term - Titans
Thor Previous Term (Thor) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Tritium) Tritium Titans In Greek mythology, the Titans are the offspring of Earth and Sky and ruled before being overthrown...
Glossary Term - Gluon
Volt (eV) Previous Term (Electron Volt (eV)) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Half-life) Half-life Gluon Gluons are the particles responsible for binding quarks to each other....
Glossary of Sewing Terms
This publication lists common terms used in sewing. It includes definitions of garment types, fabric qualities, notions and construction procedures.
Load-shape development aids planning
The concept that provides capable, load-shape development, is being adopted by several utilities and power pools. Public Service Electric and Gas Company has developed a computer simulation model that can predict a utility's load shape for up to a 30-year period. The objective of the PSE and G model, known as EICS (Electric Load-Curve Synthesis) is to provide a demand profile, to examine the impact of load mangement and other activities upon a system's load shape, and to apply appropriate forecast non-load-management and load-management impacts before finally examining the resulting revised load-shape. Other models dealing with load-shape are discussed. Specifically, the Systems Control Inc. model for EPRI (SCI/EPRI), useful in performing accurate simulations of various load-control strategies involving customer appliance control is mentioned.
Gellings, C.W.
Shape Phase Transition of the States Between the U(5) and SU(3) Symmetries and with Certain Angular Momentum
The shape phase structure and its transition of the nucleus in the transitional region between the U(5) and SU(3) symmetries is restudied within the framework of coherent-state theory with angular momentum projection in IBM-1. A phase diagram in terms of the deformation parameter and angular momentum is given. The certain angular momentum (or rotation-driven) effect on the nuclear shape is discussed. A coexistence of oblate and prolate shapes is found instead of the previous spherical and prolate shape coexistence for the ground states.
Liu, Y; Liu, Yu-xin; Mu, Liang-zhu
Thermomechanical Characterization and Modeling of Shape Memory Polymers
This work focuses on the thermomechanical characterization and constitutive model calibration of shape memory polymers (SMPs). These polymers have the ability to recover seemingly permanent large deformations under the appropriate thermomechanical load path. In this work, a contribution is made to both existing experimental and modeling efforts. First, an experimental investigation is conducted which subjects SMPs to a thermomechanical load path that includes varying the value of applied deformations and temperature rates. Specifically, SMPs are deformed to tensile extensions of 10% to 100% at temperature rates varying from 1 degree C /min to 5 degree C/min, and the complete shape recovery profile is captured. The results from this experimental investigation show that the SMP in question can recover approximately 95% of the value of the applied deformation, independent of the temperature rate during the test. The data obtained in the experimental investigation are then used to calibrate, in one-dimension, two constitutive models which have been developed to describe and predict the material response of SMPs. The models include a model in terms of general deformation gradients, thus making it capable of handling large deformations. In addition, the data are used to calibrate a linearized version of the constitutive model for small deformations. The material properties required for calibrating the constitutive models are derived from portions of the experimental results, and the model is then used to predict the shape memory effect for an SMP undergoing various levels of deformation. The model predictions are shown to match well with the experimental data.
Volk, Brent L.
A method for joining ceramic shapes
The invention is a method for joining shapes of ceramic materials together to form a unitary ceramic structure. In the method of the invention, a mixture of two or more chemical components which will react exothermically is placed between the surfaces to be joined, and the joined shapes heated to a temperature sufficient to initiate the exothermic reaction forming a joining material which acts to bond the shapes together. Reaction materials are chosen which will react exothermically at temperatures below the degradation temperature of the materials to be joined. The process is particularly suited for joining composite materials of the silicon carbide-silicon carbide fiber type.
Rabin, B.H.
Terms and Conditions
Terms and Conditions Terms and Conditions Terms and Conditions As a premier national research and development laboratory, LANL seeks to do business with qualified companies that offer value and high quality products and services. Contact Small Business Office (505) 667-4419 Email Use information below as guideline to doing business An "Appendix SFA-1" contains FAR and DEAR Clauses that are incorporated by reference into a particular subcontract. "Exhibit A General Conditions" are the general terms and conditions applicable to a particular subcontract. Note: The contents of the SFA-1 and Exhibit A (below) are not the only terms and conditions that will be in a LANS subcontract but represent the terms that generally do not change in a particular type of procurement. The
Protein structure alignment using elastic shape analysis
In this paper we present a method for flexible protein structure alignment based on elastic shape analysis of backbones, in a manner that can incorporate different characteristics of the backbones. In particular, it can include the backbone geometry, ...
Wei Liu; Anuj Srivastava; Jinfeng Zhang
Shape oscillations of a viscoelastic drop
Small-amplitude axisymmetric shape deformations of a viscoelastic liquid drop in microgravity are theoretically analyzed. Using the Jeffreys constitutive equation for linear viscoelasticity, the characteristic equation for the frequency and decay factor of the shape oscillations is derived. Asymptotic analysis of this equation is performed in the low- and high-viscosity limits and for the cases of small, moderate, and large elasticities. Elastic effects are shown to give rise to a type of shape oscillation that does not depend on the surface tension. The existence of such oscillations is confirmed by numerical solution of the characteristic equation in various regimes. A method for determining the viscoelastic properties of highly viscous liquids based upon experimental measurements of the frequency and damping rate of such shape oscillations is suggested.
Khismatullin, Damir B.; Nadim, Ali
The Shape of Averaged Drop Size Distributions
The shape of averaged drop size distributions (DSD) is studied from a large sample of data (892 h) collected at several sites of various latitudes. The results show that neither the hypothesis of an exponential distribution to represent rainfall ...
Henri Sauvageot; Jean-Pierre Lacaux
Prediction of dementia by hippocampal shape analysis
This work investigates the possibility of predicting future onset of dementia in subjects who are cognitively normal, using hippocampal shape and volume information extracted from MRI scans. A group of 47 subjects who were non-demented normal at the ...
Hakim C. Achterberg; Fedde Van Der Lijn; Tom Den Heijer; Aad Van Der Lugt; Monique M. B. Breteler; Wiro J. Niessen; Marleen De Bruijne
Hierarchical 3D diffusion wavelet shape priors
In this paper, we propose a novel representation of prior knowledge for image segmentation, using diffusion wavelets that can reflect arbitrary continuous interdependencies in shape data. The application of diffusion ...
Langs, Georg
Factors shaping the future of Cloud Computing
Many different forces are currently shaping the future of the Cloud Computing Market. End user demand and end user investment in existing technology are important drivers. Vendor innovation and competitive strategy are ...
Francis, Steven (Steven Douglas)
Long-Term Surveillance
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Long-Term Surveillance Long-Term Surveillance Operations and Maintenance Fiscal Year 2013 Year-End Summary Report September 2013 LMS/ESL/S10692 ESL-RPT-2013-03 This page intentionally left blank LMS/ESL/S10692 ESL-RPT-2013-03 Long-Term Surveillance Operations and Maintenance Fiscal Year 2013 Year-End Summary Report September 2013 This page intentionally left blank U.S. Department of Energy Long-Term Surveillance Operations and Maintenance FY 2013 Year-End Summary Report September 2013 Doc. No. S10692 Page i Contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. ii 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................1
Shape memory system with integrated actuation using embedded particles
A shape memory material with integrated actuation using embedded particles. One embodiment provides a shape memory material apparatus comprising a shape memory material body and magnetic pieces in the shape memory material body. Another embodiment provides a method of actuating a device to perform an activity on a subject comprising the steps of positioning a shape memory material body in a desired position with regard to the subject, the shape memory material body capable of being formed in a specific primary shape, reformed into a secondary stable shape, and controllably actuated to recover the specific primary shape; including pieces in the shape memory material body; and actuating the shape memory material body using the pieces causing the shape memory material body to be controllably actuated to recover the specific primary shape and perform the activity on the subject.
Buckley, Patrick R. (New York, NY); Maitland, Duncan J. (Pleasant Hill, CA)
Shape Memory Polymer Therapeutic Devices for Stroke
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are attracting a great deal of interest in the scientific community for their use in applications ranging from light weight structures in space to micro-actuators in MEMS devices. These relatively new materials can be formed into a primary shape, reformed into a stable secondary shape, and then controllably actuated to recover their primary shape. The first part of this presentation will be a brief review of the types of polymeric structures which give rise to shape memory behavior in the context of new shape memory polymers with highly regular network structures recently developed at LLNL for biomedical devices. These new urethane SMPs have improved optical and physical properties relative to commercial SMPs, including improved clarity, high actuation force, and sharper actuation transition. In the second part of the presentation we discuss the development of SMP based devices for mechanically removing neurovascular occlusions which result in ischemic stroke. These devices are delivered to the site of the occlusion in compressed form, are pushed through the occlusion, actuated (usually optically) to take on an expanded conformation, and then used to dislodge and grip the thrombus while it is withdrawn through the catheter.
Wilson, T S; Small IV, W; Benett, W J; Bearinger, J P; Maitland, D J
Method for net-shaping using aerogels
A method of net-shaping using aerogel materials is provided by first forming a sol, aging the sol to form a gel, with the gel having a fluid component and having been formed into a medium selected from the group consisting of a powder, bulk material, or granular aerobeads, derivatizing the surface of the gel to render the surface unreactive toward further condensation, removing a portion of the fluid component of the final shaped gel to form a partially dried medium, placing the medium into a cavity, wherein the volume of said medium is less that the volume of the cavity, and removing a portion of the fluid component of the medium. The removal, such as by heating at a temperature of approximately less than 50.degree. C., applying a vacuum, or both, causes the volume of the medium to increase and to form a solid aerogel. The material can be easily removed by exposing the material to a solvent, thereby reducing the volume of the material. In another embodiment, the gel is derivatized and then formed into a shaped medium, where subsequent drying reduces the volume of the shaped medium, forming a net-shaping material. Upon further drying, the material increases in volume to fill a cavity. The present invention is both a method of net-shaping and the material produced by the method.
Brinker, C. Jeffrey (Albuquerque, NM); Ashey, Carol S. (Albuquerque, NM); Reed, Scott T. (Albuquerque, NM); Sriram, Chunangad S. (Indianapolis, IN); Harris, Thomas M. (Tulsa, OK)
The Extended L-Shaped Method for Mid-Term Planning of ...
We assume that the thermal plant has an infinite production capacity. Fixed costs (start-up/shut-down) are assumed to be negligible. The producer can sell its�...
Shaping the terms of competition : environmental regulation and corporate strategies to reduce diesel vehicle emissions
Environmental regulations are typically portrayed as an outside force stimulating development of environmental technologies in regulated industries. In reality, firms influence regulation by communicating their technological ...
Ng, Christine Bik-Kay, 1979-
NiTiHf High-Temperature Shape-Memory Alloys for near Term ...
Development of a SMA-Based Drive Unit for Prehension Orthoses to Support Disabled People � Effect of H in Metals and Alloys: An Application to bcc W and NiTi�...
Irregular term courses (These do not roll to future terms) Irregular term courses are allowed only in fall and spring terms. Irregular term courses
Irregular term courses (These do not roll to future terms) · Irregular term courses are allowed only in fall and spring terms. Irregular term courses in spring term cannot roll into summer term(s), no exceptions. · A course ending one day or more beyond the last final exam day for the fall term is considered
Bolding, M. Chad
Measurement of b-quark Jet Shapes at CDF
The main topic of this thesis is the measurement of b-quark jet shapes at CDF. CDF is an experiment located at Fermilab, in the United States, which studies proton-antiproton collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96TeV. To reach this energy, the particles are accelerated using the Tevatron accelerator which is currently the highest energy collider in operation. The data used for this analysis were taken between February 2002 and September 2004 and represent an integrated luminosity of about 300 pb{sup -1}. This is the first time that b-quark jet shapes have been measured at hadron colliders. The basis of this measurement lies in the possibility of enhancing the b-quark jet content of jet samples by requiring the jets to be identified as having a displaced vertex inside the jet cone. Such jets are called tagged. This enhances the b-quark jet fraction from about 5% before tagging to 20-40% after tagging, depending on the transverse momentum of the jets. I verified that it is possible to apply this secondary vertex tagging algorithm to different cone jet algorithms (MidPoint and JetClu) and different cone sizes (0.4 and 0.7). I found that the performance of the algorithm does not change significantly, as long as the sub-cone inside which tracks are considered for the tagging is kept at the default value of 0.4. Because the b-quark purity of the jets is still relatively low, it is necessary to extract the shapes of b-quark jets in a statistical manner from the jet shapes both before and after tagging. The other parameters that enter into the unfolding equation used to extract the b-quark jet shapes are the b-jet purities, the biases due to the tagging requirement both for b- and nonbjets and the hadron level corrections. The last of these terms corrects the measured b-jet shapes back to the shapes expected at hadron level which makes comparisons with theoretical models and other experimental results possible. This measurement shows that, despite relatively large systematic uncertainties, the measured b-quark jet shapes are significantly different from those expected from the so-called Pythia Tune A Monte Carlo simulation, the most widely used Leading Order Monte Carlo model at CDF. This difference can be mostly attributed to the fact that the fraction of b-quark jets that originate from flavour creation (where a single b-quark is expected inside the same jet cone) over those that originate from gluon splitting (where two b-quarks are expected to be inside the same jet cone) is slightly different in the Pythia Tune A Monte Carlo predictions than in data. This measurement can help in the tuning of the fraction of gluon splitting to flavour creation b-quark jets in the Monte Carlo simulation. This tuning is particularly important for the extrapolation up to LHC energies where many searches will involve b-quark jets. During the first year of my thesis work, I worked on the implementation of a prototype detector control system for the electromagnetic calorimeter which is being built for the CMS experiment at CERN. The prototype which I implemented was used to monitor and control the high voltage, low voltage, cooling and precision temperature monitoring systems during the summer 2003 test-beam. This was one of the first, almost complete, systems implemented and used by an LHC experiment for test-beam monitoring.
Lister, Alison; /Zurich, ETH
Library Terms That Users Understand
data resources about Library Terms That Users Understand �terminology is a major factor. Terms most often cited asHumanities �� or Social Sciences Terms most often cited as
Kupersmith, John
Cornman's definition of observation terms
reconcile what is described in mentalistic terms with materialism. ... It is clearly important that the observation terms should not include terms which are�...
Crystallographic Boundary in a Magnetic Shape Memory Material
Home Science Highlights Science Briefs Crystallographic Boundary in a Magnetic Shape Memory Material Crystallographic Boundary in a Magnetic Shape Memory Material Print...
The net shape powder processing is adapted for the ready incorporation of the net shape thermoelectric elements into a ... Advanced Materials; Biomass and Biofuels;
SHREC 2010 - Shape Retrieval Contest based on Generic 3D ...
... this track is to evaluate the performance of 3D shape retrieval approaches on a Generic 3D shape benchmark based on the Google 3D Warehouse. ...
Shape Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials...
Shape Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project Shape Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project The Department of...
Terms and Conditions Terms and Conditions R&D Overview 100G Testbed Testbed Description Testbed Results Current Testbed Research Proposal Process Terms and Conditions Virtual Circuits (OSCARS) Performance (perfSONAR) Tools Development Green Networking Authentication & Trust Federation (ATF) Partnerships Contact Us Technical Assistance: 1 800-33-ESnet (Inside the US) 1 800-333-7638 (Inside the US) 1 510-486-7600 (Globally) 1 510-486-7607 (Globally) Report Network Problems: firstname.lastname@example.com Provide Web Site Feedback: email@example.com Terms and Conditions Researchers must provide ESnet copies of any articles, presentations, and publications based on testbed research for posting on the ESnet Testbed web site. All publications based on work conducted on the testbed must include the following statement:
Flu Terms Defined
Flu Terms Defined H1N1 Influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get H1N1 flu, but...
Release mechanism utilizing shape memory polymer material
Microfabricated therapeutic actuators are fabricated using a shape memory polymer (SMP), a polyurethane-based material that undergoes a phase transformation at a specified temperature (Tg). At a temperature above temperature Tg material is soft and can be easily reshaped into another configuration. As the temperature is lowered below temperature Tg the new shape is fixed and locked in as long as the material stays below temperature Tg. Upon reheating the material to a temperature above Tg, the material will return to its original shape. By the use of such SMP material, SMP microtubing can be used as a release actuator for the delivery of embolic coils through catheters into aneurysms, for example. The microtubing can be manufactured in various sizes and the phase change temperature Tg is determinate for an intended temperature target and intended use.
Lee, Abraham P. (Walnut Creek, CA); Northrup, M. Allen (Berkeley, CA); Ciarlo, Dino R. (Livermore, CA); Krulevitch, Peter A. (Pleasanton, CA); Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA)
Bunch Shape Monitor for SSCL linac
The Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory and the Institute for Nuclear Research ore collaboratively developing a Bunch Shape Monitor diagnostics for commission the SSCL linac. The Bunch Shape Monitor is designed to measure the intensity of beam as a function of time over the micro-bunch of the beam. Design resolution for the SSCL monitors is approximately 7 psec. The first monitor will operate at the fundamental frequency of 428 MHz and will be used to measure the output beam of the RFQ Linac. First available results will be presented and compared with predictions. Further development will allow the monitors to fit in a standard SSCL beam box and one will operate at the third harmonic of 428 MHz. Proposals to use the Bunch Shape Monitor to measure the longitudinal phase space distribution of the beam will be discussed.
Hurd, J.W.; Arbique, G.M.; Crist, C.E.; Guy, F.W.; Leifeste, G.T.; Raparia, D.; Saadatmand, K.; Swenson, D.A. [Superconducting Super Collider Lab., Dallas, TX (United States); Esin, S.; Feschenko, A.; Stepanov, A.; Mirzojan, A. [AN SSSR, Moscow (Russian Federation). Inst. Yadernykh Issledovanij
Shape Dynamics and Effective Field Theory
Shape Dynamics is a gauge theory based on spatial diffeomorphism- and Weyl-invariance which is locally indistinguishable form classical General Relativity. If taken seriously, it suggests that the spacetime--geometry picture that underlies General Relativity can be replaced by a picture based on spatial conformal geometry. This classically well understood trading of gauge symmetries opens new conceptual avenues in many approaches to quantum gravity. I focus on the general implications for quantum gravity and effective field theory and consider the application of the Shape Dynamics picture in the exact renormalization group approaches to gravity, loop- and polymer- quantization approaches to gravity and low energy effective field theories. I also discuss the interpretation of known results through in the Shape Dynamics picture, in particular holographic renormalization and the problem of time in canonical quantum gravity.
Tim Koslowski
Semiconductor switch geometry with electric field shaping
An optoelectric switch is disclosed that utilizes a cylindrically shaped and contoured GaAs medium or other optically active semiconductor medium to couple two cylindrically shaped metal conductors with flat and flared termination points each having an ovoid prominence centrally extending there from. Coupling the truncated ovoid prominence of each conductor with the cylindrically shaped optically active semiconductor causes the semiconductor to cylindrically taper to a triple junction circular line at the base of each prominence where the metal conductor conjoins with the semiconductor and a third medium such as epoxy or air. Tapering the semiconductor at the triple junction inhibits carrier formation and injection at the triple junction and thereby enables greater current carrying capacity through and greater sensitivity of the bulk area of the optically active medium.
Booth, Rex (Livermore, CA); Pocha, Michael D. (Livermore, CA)
Coating thermal noise for arbitrary shaped beams
Advanced LIGO's sensitivity will be limited by coating noise. Though this noise depends on beam shape, and though nongaussian beams are being seriously considered for advanced LIGO, no published analysis exists to compare the quantitative thermal noise improvement alternate beams offer. In this paper, we derive and discuss a simple integral which completely characterizes the dependence of coating thermal noise on shape. The derivation used applies equally well, with minor modifications, to all other forms of thermal noise in the low-frequency limit.
Richard O'Shaughnessy
Line Shape Broadening in Surface Diffusion of Interacting Adsorbates with Quasielastic He Atom Scattering
The experimental line shape broadening observed in adsorbate diffusion on metal surfaces with increasing coverage is usually related to the nature of the adsorbate-adsorbate interaction. Here we show that this broadening can also be understood in terms of a fully stochastic model just considering two noise sources: (i) a Gaussian white noise accounting for the surface friction, and (ii) a shot noise replacing the physical adsorbate-adsorbate interaction potential. Furthermore, contrary to what could be expected, for relatively weak adsorbate-substrate interactions the opposite effect is predicted: line shapes get narrower with increasing coverage.
R. Martinez-Casado; J. L. Vega; A. S. Sanz; S. Miret-Artes
Anomaly of the moment of inertia of shape transitional nuclei
The change in the structure of the collective levels with spin angular momentum in atomic nuclei is often expressed in terms of the classical concepts of the kinematic and the dynamic moments of inertia varying with spin. For the well deformed even-even nuclei the kinematic moment of inertia increases with spin up to 10%-20%, at say I{sup {pi}} = 12{sup +}. However, for the shape transitional nuclei, or almost spherical nuclei, it increases with spin much faster. The pitfalls of using the rotor model form of kinematic moment of inertia in such cases are pointed out here. Alternative methods of extracting the nuclear structure information are explored. The important role of the ground state deformation is illustrated. The use of the power index formula for evaluating the effective moment of inertia, free from the assumption of the rotor model, is described.
Gupta, J. B. [Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007 (India); Hamilton, J. H. [Physics Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 (United States)
Ultrafast QND measurements based on diamond-shape artificial atom
We propose a Quantum Non Demolition (QND) read-out scheme for a superconducting artificial atom coupled to a resonator in a circuit QED architecture, for which we estimate a very high measurement fidelity without Purcell effect limitations. The device consists of two transmons coupled by a large inductance, giving rise to a diamond-shape artificial atom with a logical qubit and an ancilla qubit interacting through a cross-Kerr like term. The ancilla is strongly coupled to a transmission line resonator. Depending on the qubit state, the ancilla is resonantly or dispersively coupled to the resonator, leading to a large contrast in the transmitted microwave signal amplitude. This original method can be implemented with state of the art Josephson parametric amplifier, leading to QND measurements in a few tens of nanoseconds with fidelity as large as 99.9 %.
I. Diniz; E. Dumur; O. Buisson; A. Auff�ves
Wind Effects on Shoaling Wave Shape
Near the shore, cross-shore winds strongly affect the location of the break point and the breaking-wave height. From casual observation from the beach, wind direction (onshore or offshore) and speed also appear to affect wave shape (i.e., ...
Falk Feddersen; Fabrice Veron
Airfoil shape for flight at subsonic speeds
An airfoil having an upper surface shaped to control flow accelerations and pressure distribution over the upper surface and to prevent separation of the boundary layer due to shock wave formulation at high subsonic speeds well above the critical Mach number. A highly cambered trailing edge section improves overall airfoil lifting efficiency.
Whitcomb, Richard T. (Hampton, VA)
Characterizing 3D shapes using fractal dimension
Developments in techniques for modeling and digitizing have made the use of 3D models popular to a large number of new applications. With the diffusion and spreading of 3D models employment, the demand for efficient search and retrieval methods is high. ... Keywords: 3D shape descriptor, complexity, fractal dimension
Danilo Medeiros Eler; Rosane Minghim; Odemir Martinez Bruno / Andr� Ricardo Backes
Blending implicit shapes using fuzzy set operations
Implicit modelling is a powerful technique to design geometric shapes, where a geometric object is described by a real function. In general, the real functions used in implicit modelling are unbounded and can take any values in space R. In general, ... Keywords: blending operations, fuzzy sets, generalized algebraic operations, implicit curves and surfaces, isosurfaces, piecewise algebraic operations, soft computing
Qingde Li; Jie Tian
Crystallographic attributes of a shape-memory alloy
Shape-memory alloys are attractive for many potential applications. In an attempt to provide ideas and guidelines for the development of new shape-memory alloys, this paper reports on a series of investigations that examine the reasons in the crystallography that made (i) shape-memory alloys special amongst martensites and (ii) Nickel-Titanium special among shape-memory alloys.
Bhattacharya, K. [California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA (United States). Div. of Engineering and Applied Science
The Perfect Nanocube: Precise Control of Size, Shape, and ...
The Perfect Nanocube: Precise Control of Size, Shape, and Composition. For Immediate Release: August 31, 2010. ...
Shape-based image retrieval applied to trademark images
In this chapter, we propose a new shape-based, query-by-example, image database retrieval method that is able to match a query image to one of the images in the database, based on a whole or partial match. The proposed method has two key components: ... Keywords: image databases, shape analysis, shape representation, shape-based image retrieval, trademark image retrieval
Ossama El Badawy; Mohamed Kamel
Goal Orientation as Shaping the Firm's Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance
Firms� top decision makers cannot possibly know what decisions to make. Rather, decision makers must interpret their situations and make the best possible decision based upon their interpretation of their situations. In this dissertation, I examine decision-makers� goal orientations as influencing how they interpret their situations and then respond through making decisions in terms of their firms� entrepreneurial orientations. I also examine whether these decisions influence firm performance. I surveyed top firm decision makers in the Association of Former Students� database at Texas A and M University. The hypotheses were tested using a structural equation modeling. Using a sample of 273 firms, I find that decision-makers� goal orientations shape their firm�s entrepreneurial orientations, which in turn influence firm growth, relative performance, and expected future performance. Possessing a learning goal orientation was found to be positively related to innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking. A performance prove goal orientation was positively related to innovativeness, whereas a performance avoid goal orientation was negatively related to innovativeness and risk taking. Only a proactive firm posture was found to be positively related to firm performance. The results for this dissertation provide compelling support for upper echelons theory. Decision-makers� finer-grained personal attributes are found to shape firm-level outcomes. More specifically, decision-makers� goal orientations are found to shape the firm�s entrepreneurial orientation and, to some extent, performance. Interestingly, coarse-grained personal attributes captured in demographic proxies and used as control variables in the analyses did not provide consistent support for upper echelons theory. The results suggest that scholars need to take a finer-grained perspective of upper echelons theory. A substantial amount of research has established the link between individuals� goal orientations and how they interpret and respond to their situations. The research here has extended this relationship to the top decision-making context in firms where individuals face strong situational forces caused by uncertainty, complexity, and dynamism. I hope that this research encourages other scholars to (1) examine more complex models of how decision-makers� personal attributes influence their entrepreneurial decisions in terms of both recognizing and exploiting opportunities, and (2) examine other finer-grained attributes of top decision makers within a finer-grained framework of the decision-making process.
Webb, Justin W.
Dictionary of petroleum terms
Terms included in the dictionary come from writers and contributors of the Petroleum Extension Service of Texas (PETEC), which constantly revises and updates the material to keep it current. Over 170 pages of petroleum-related words include those involving exploration, production, processing, transport, marketing, and use. Lists of abbreviations, units, and metric equivalents and prefixes follow the dictionary.
Leecraft, J. (ed.)
Attachment J TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Attachment J TERMS AND CONDITIONS AWARD # PON-10-603 #12;TERMS AND CONDITIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... 24 i #12;TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. Grant Agreement This project is being funded with a grant from is comprised of the grant funding award, the Terms and Conditions, and all attachments. These Terms
Attachment K TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Attachment K TERMS AND CONDITIONS AWARD # #12;TERMS AND CONDITIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE ............................................................................... 24 i #12;TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. Grant Agreement This project is being funded with a grant from, the Terms and Conditions, and all attachments. These Terms and Conditions are standard requirements
ShortShort--Term Energy Outlook Term Energy Outlook
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
U.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis ShortShort--Term Energy Outlook Term Energy Outlook Chart Gallery for Chart Gallery for ...
Shape memory alloy seals for geothermal applications
A shape memory radial seal was fabricated with a ''U'' cross section. Upon heating the seal recovered its original ''V'' shape and produced a high pressure seal. The sealing pressure which can be developed is approximately 41 MPa (60,000 psi), well in excess of the pressure which can be produced in conventional elastomeric seals. The low modulus martensite can conform readily to the sealing surface, and upon recovery produce a seal capable of high pressure fluid or gas confinement. The corrosion resistance of nickel-titanium in a broad range of aggressive fluids has been well established and, as such, there is little doubt that, had time permitted, a geothermal pump of flange fluid tried would have been successful.
Fabrication of trough-shaped solar collectors
There is provided a radiant energy concentration and collection device formed of a one-piece thin-walled plastic substrate including a plurality of nonimaging troughs with certain metallized surfaces of the substrate serving as reflective side walls for each trough. The one-piece plastic substrate is provided with a seating surface at the bottom of each trough which conforms to the shape of an energy receiver to be seated therein.
Schertz, William W. (Batavia, IL)
Rimmed and edge thickened Stodola shaped flywheel
A flywheel is described that is useful for energy storage in a hybrid vehicle automotive power system or in some stationary applications. The flywheel has a body composed of essentially planar isotropic high strength material. The flywheel body is enclosed by a rim of circumferentially wound fiber embedded in resin. The rim promotes flywheel safety and survivability. The flywheel has a truncated and edge thickened Stodola shape designed to optimize system mass and energy storage capability. 6 figs.
Kulkarni, S.V.; Stone, R.G.
Real-time Shape-based Particle Separation and Detailed In-situ Particle Shape Characterization
Particle shape is an important attribute that is very difficult to characterize. We present a new portable system that offers, for the first time, the opportunity to separate particles with different shapes and characterize their chemical and physical properties, including their dynamic shape factors (DSFs) in the transition and free-molecular regimes, with high precision, in-situ, and in real-time. The system uses a new generation aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM) to classify particles based on their masses and transport them to a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) that is used to select particles of one charge, one mass, and one shape. These highly uniform particles are ready for use and/or characterization by any application or analytical tool. We combine APM and DMA with our single particle mass spectrometer, SPLAT II, to form the ADS, and demonstrate its utility to measure in real-time individual particle compositions and vacuum aerodynamic diameters to yield, for each selected shape, particle DSFs in two flow regimes. We apply the ADS to characterize aspherical ammonium sulfate and NaCl particles and show that both particle types have wide distribution of particle shapes with DSFs from nearly 1 to 1.5.
Beranek, Josef; Imre, D.; Zelenyuk, Alla
Apparatus for loading shape memory gripper mechanisms
A method and apparatus for loading deposit material, such as an embolic coil, into a shape memory polymer (SMP) gripping/release mechanism. The apparatus enables the application of uniform pressure to secure a grip by the SMP mechanism on the deposit material via differential pressure between, for example, vacuum within the SMP mechanism and hydrostatic water pressure on the exterior of the SMP mechanism. The SMP tubing material of the mechanism is heated to above the glass transformation temperature (Tg) while reshaping, and subsequently cooled to below Tg to freeze the shape. The heating and/or cooling may, for example, be provided by the same water applied for pressurization or the heating can be applied by optical fibers packaged to the SMP mechanism for directing a laser beam, for example, thereunto. At a point of use, the deposit material is released from the SMP mechanism by reheating the SMP material to above the temperature Tg whereby it returns to its initial shape. The reheating of the SM material may be carried out by injecting heated fluid (water) through an associated catheter or by optical fibers and an associated beam of laser light, for example.
Lee, Abraham P. (Walnut Creek, CA); Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA); Schumann, Daniel L. (Concord, CA); Krulevitch, Peter A. (Pleasanton, CA); Fitch, Joseph P. (Livermore, CA)
Glossary Term - Neptune
Mole Mole Previous Term (Mole) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Neutrino) Neutrino Neptune Neptune as seen by the Voyager II spacecraft on August 14, 1989. Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun and takes 165 years to orbit the sun once. Neptune is about 4 times larger than the Earth and is about 17 times as massive. Neptune was discovered on September 23, 1846 based on calculations done by the French astronomer Urbain LeVerrier and the English astronomer John Adams. Neptune is also the Roman name for Poseidon, the god of the sea and earthquakes. Neptune was the son of Chronus and Rhea and carries the trident, a three pronged spear. Planetary Data Distance from Sun Length of Day Length of Year Radius Mass 30.069 AU 16.1 hours 164.79 years 24,764 km 1.02*1026 kg Known Satellites
Glossary Term - Beta Decay
Avogadro's Number Avogadro's Number Previous Term (Avogadro's Number) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Beta Particle) Beta Particle Beta Decay Beta decay results in the emission of an electron and antineutrino, or a positron and neutrino. Beta decay is one process that unstable atoms can use to become more stable. There are two types of beta decay, beta-minus and beta-plus. During beta-minus decay, a neutron in an atom's nucleus turns into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino. The electron and antineutrino fly away from the nucleus, which now has one more proton than it started with. Since an atom gains a proton during beta-minus decay, it changes from one element to another. For example, after undergoing beta-minus decay, an atom of carbon (with 6 protons) becomes an atom of nitrogen (with 7 protons).
Glossary Term - Electron Capture
Electron Electron Previous Term (Electron) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Electron Volt (eV)) Electron Volt (eV) Electron Capture After electron capture, an atom contains one less proton and one more neutron. Electron capture is one process that unstable atoms can use to become more stable. During electron capture, an electron in an atom's inner shell is drawn into the nucleus where it combines with a proton, forming a neutron and a neutrino. The neutrino is ejected from the atom's nucleus. Since an atom loses a proton during electron capture, it changes from one element to another. For example, after undergoing electron capture, an atom of carbon (with 6 protons) becomes an atom of boron (with 5 protons). Although the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus change
Glossary Term - Ceres
Catalyst Catalyst Previous Term (Catalyst) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Cloud Chamber) Cloud Chamber Ceres Ceres is an asteroid located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Discovered on January 1, 1801 by Giuseppi Piazzi, Ceres was the first asteroid ever discovered. With a diameter of 1025 kilometers (637 miles), Ceres is also the largest known asteroid. Ceres is also the Roman name for the Greek goddess Demeter, the elder sister of Zeus and daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Demeter was the goddess of grain and helped the crops grow. One day her daughter, Persephone, was abducted by Hades. While Demeter searched for her missing daughter, no crops grew and people starved. Persephone was eventually found, but Hades refused to let her leave the underworld. As a compromise, Persephone is
Long Term Innovative Technologies
DOE's Hydrogen and DOE's Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies, Fuel Cell Presolicitation Workshop Bryan Pivovar With Input/Feedback from Rod Borup (LANL), Debbie Myers (ANL), DOE and others as noted in presentation Lakewood, CO March 16, 2010 Long Term Innovative Technologies National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Innovative/Long Term and RELEVANT Mission of DOE Mission of EERE (Applied Program) Mission of HFCT To enable the widespread commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cells in diverse sectors of the economy-with emphasis on applications that will most effectively strengthen the nation's energy security and improve our stewardship of the environment-through research, development, and demonstration of critical improvements in the technologies, and through diverse activities to overcome
Glossary Term - Uranus
Tritium Tritium Previous Term (Tritium) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Van de Graaff Generator) Van de Graaff Generator Uranus Uranus as seen by the Voyager II spacecraft. Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun and takes 84 years to orbit the sun once. Uranus is about 4 times larger than the Earth and is about 14.5 times as massive. Uranus was discovered on March 13, 1781 by William Herschel. In greek mythology, Uranus was Father Sky. Planetary Data Distance from Sun Length of Day Length of Year Radius Mass 19.191 AU 17.2 hours 84.01 years 25,559 km 8.68*1025 kg Known Satellites Name Distance from Uranus Rotational Period Orbital Period Radius Cordelia 49,770 km -unknown- 0.335034 days 21 km Ophelia 53,790 km -unknown- 0.376400 days 23 km Bianca 59,170 km -unknown- 0.434579 days 27 km
Load-shape modeling in southeastern utility systems
Load models are tools which have a wide range of application in the electric-utility industry. Some uses include monitoring load-management policies and helping with on-line commitment problems. The output from a load model can be placed in a suitable software environment where daily load curves are computed and displayed. Also, load models can be extended to perform forecasting functions. A weather sensitive load model that takes into account both weekdays and weekends on an hourly basis has been developed and applied to load shape modeling and short term forecasting on three southeastern electric utilities. A software package associated with the load modeling theory was developed and tested. This load-modeling program computes the daily load curve in terms of identifiable components. The program uses historical hourly load data to compute coefficients related to load components including base, growth, seasonal and weather. These coefficients can be used in a mathematical model to compute an estimate of the daily load curve with load values for each hour of the day. The load-modeling procedure described employs a linear least squares method for computing coefficients in the mathematical model.
Lebby, G.L.
Crop Insurance Terms and Definitions
This publication is a glossary of terms used by the crop insurance industry. There are definitions for terms used in crop insurance documents and for terms pertaining to coverage levels, farming, reports, units and parties to contracts.
Stokes, Kenneth; Waller, Mark L.; Outlaw, Joe; Barnaby, G. A. Art
Glossary of nuclear criticality terms
This is a glossary of terms generally encountered in the literature of nuclear criticality and criticality safety. Terms sometimes misused are emphasized. 7 refs.
Paxton, H.C.
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
U.S. Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis Short Short- -Term Energy Outlook Term Energy Outlook Chart Gallery for Chart Gallery for November...
DRAFT Glossary of AFIS Terms
Page 1. DRAFT Glossary of AFIS Terms Latent Print AFIS Interoperability Working Group Page 2. DRAFT Glossary of AFIS Terms 2 ...
Biomedical Applications of Thermally Activated Shape Memory Polymers
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that can remember a primary shape and can return to this primary shape from a deformed secondary shape when given an appropriate stimulus. This property allows them to be delivered in a compact form via minimally invasive surgeries in humans, and deployed to achieve complex final shapes. Here we review the various biomedical applications of SMPs and the challenges they face with respect to actuation and biocompatibility. While shape memory behavior has been demonstrated with heat, light and chemical environment, here we focus our discussion on thermally stimulated SMPs.
Small IV, W; Singhal, P; Wilson, T S; Maitland, D J
Graphical technique for interpolating shape factors for peripheral waterflood systems
A method of interpolating the shape factors between already known sets of data can be utilized in peripheral waterflood systems. This graphical technique should provide reasonably reliable shape factors without necessitating further flow pattern evaluation. A set of interpolated shape factors for the constant pressure difference case is tabulated. These factors were derived from the shape factors previously determined using variation of width technique. A comparison of the interpolated shape factors and the shape factors obtained by the circling-in techniques are also shown. Good agreement was obtained in this comparison.
Kantar, K.; Helander, D.P.
Shaping the focus of the undergraduate curriculum
This paper outlines an approach to reshape the existing undergraduate CS curriculum. Based on software engineering and parallel computing concepts, the details of the new curriculum are presented in terms of educational objectives, core courses, innovations ...
Marcin Paprzycki; Janusz Zalewski
A model of shape memory materials with hierarchical twinning: Statics and dynamics
We consider a model of shape memory material in which hierarchical twinning near the habit plane (austenite-martensite interface) is a new and crucial ingredient. The model includes (1) a triple-well potential ({phi} model) in local shear strain, (2) strain gradient terms up to second order in strain and fourth order in gradient, and (3) all symmetry allowed compositional fluctuation induced strain gradient terms. The last term favors hierarchy which enables communication between macroscopic (cm) and microscopic ({Angstrom}) regions essential for shape memory. Hierarchy also stabilizes between formation (critical pattern of twins). External stress or pressure (pattern) modulates the spacing of domain walls. Therefore the ``pattern`` is encoded in the modulated hierarchical variation of the depth and width of the twins. This hierarchy of length scales provides a hierarchy of time scales and thus the possibility of non-exponential decay. The four processes of the complete shape memory cycle -- write, record, erase and recall -- are explained within this model. Preliminary results based on 2D Langevin dynamics are shown for tweed and hierarchy formation.
Saxena, A.; Bishop, A.R. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Shenoy, S.R. [International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy); Wu, Y.; Lookman, T. [Western Ontario Univ., London, Ontario (Canada). Dept. of Applied Mathematics
Flu Terms Defined Flu Terms Defined H1N1 Influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get H1N1 flu, but human infections can and do happen. H1N1 flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people. Avian flu (AI) is caused by influenza viruses that occur naturally among wild birds. Low pathogenic AI is common in birds and causes few problems. Highly pathogenic H5N1 is deadly to domestic fowl, can be transmitted from birds to humans, and is deadly to humans. There is virtually no human immunity and human vaccine availability is very limited. Pandemic flu is virulent human flu that causes a global outbreak, or pandemic, of serious illness. Because there is little natural immunity, the disease can spread easily from person to person. Currently, there is no pandemic flu.
A flywheel (10) is described that is useful for energy storage in a hybrid vehicle automotive power system or in some stationary applications. The flywheel (10) has a body (15) composed of essentially planar isotropic high strength material. The flywheel (10) body (15) is enclosed by a rim (50) of circumferentially wound fiber (2) embedded in resin (3). The rim (50) promotes flywheel (10) safety and survivability. The flywheel (10) has a truncated and edge thickened Stodola shape designed to optimize system mass and energy storage capability.
Kulkarni, Satish V. (San Ramon, CA); Stone, Richard G. (Oakland, CA)
Building Technologies Office: Shape-Stable and Highly Conductive
Shape-Stable and Highly Shape-Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Shape-Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Shape-Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Shape-Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Shape-Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project on Delicious Rank Building Technologies Office: Shape-Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project on Digg Find More places to share Building Technologies Office: Shape-Stable
The Role of Knowledge in Visual Shape Representation
This report shows how knowledge about the visual world can be built into a shape representation in the form of a descriptive vocabulary making explicit the important geometrical relationships comprising objects' shapes. ...
Saund, Eric
Reconstruction of shape and reflectance properties based on visual hull
A method based on Visual Hull is proposed for simultaneously recovering an object's shape and its reflectance properties from multiple images. Here, the reflectance properties are described by the Ward BRDF model. Firstly, the shape represented by voxels ...
Zuoyong Zheng; Lizhuang Ma; Zhong Li; Zhihua Chen
Stratocumulus Cloud Field Reflected Fluxes: The Effect of Cloud Shape
Reflected fluxes are calculated for stratocumulus cloud fields as a function of sky cover, cloud aspect ratio, and cloud shape. Cloud liquid water volume is held invariant as cloud shape is varied so that the results can be utilized more ...
R. M. Welch; B. A. Wielicki
Shortwave Shape Factor Inversion of Earth Radiation Budget Observations
The shape factor technique is routinely used to invert wide-angle radiometric measurements at satellite altitude to flux at the top of the atmosphere. The derivation of a shortwave shape factor requires assumptions on both the viewed radiation ...
Richard N. Green; G. Louis Smith
Heart-shaped bubbles rising in anisotropic liquids
This Letter reports on numerical simulations motivated by experimental observations of an unusual inverted-heart shape for bubbles rising in an anisotropicmicellar solution. We explain the bubble shape by assuming that the micelles are aligned into a nematic phase
Chunfeng Zhou; Pengtao Yue; James J. Feng; Chun Liu; Jie Shen
Method for fabricating uranium alloy articles without shape memory effects
Uranium-rich niobium and niobium-zirconium alloys possess a characteristic known as shape memory effect wherein shaped articles of these alloys recover their original shape when heated. The present invention circumvents this memory behavior by forming the alloys into the desired configuration at elevated temperatures with "cold" matched dies and maintaining the shaped articles between the dies until the articles cool to ambient temperature.
Banker, John G. (Boulder, CO)
Precipitate Phases in Several High Temperature Shape Memory ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Shape Memory Alloys. Presentation Title, Precipitate Phases in Several High�...
Magnetoelastic Coupling in NiMnGa Ferromagnetic Shape ...
... Magnetoelastic Coupling in NiMnGa Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys. Peng Zhao (Dept. of Materials Science and ...
Uranium-rich niobium and niobium-zirconium alloys possess a characteristic known as shape memory effect wherein shaped articles of these alloys recover their original shape when heated. The present invention circumvents this memory behavior by forming the alloys into the desired configuration at elevated temperatures with cold matched dies and maintaining the shaped articles between the dies until the articles cool to ambient temperature.
Banker, J.G.
Uniform, Shape-Specific Carriers for Vaccines, Biologics and ...
Uniform, Shape-Specific Carriers for Vaccines, Biologics and Small Molecule Drugs: Top-down Nano-fabrication Technologies. ...
Partnering with Industry to Shape the Future (Presentation)
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Keynote presentation given at the 2013 NTEA Green Truck Summit titled Partnering with Industry to Shape the Future.
Pacheco, M. A.
Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy of Shape Memory Alloys for ...
About this Symposium. Meeting, 2011 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium, Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy of Shape Memory Alloys for Actuator�...
like refrigerators, whose baseload shape is flat, a higherload, yielding a flatter (baseload) profile. However, for a
Magnetically Guided Shaping for Solar Cell Silicon Applications
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2014 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Solar Cell Silicon. Presentation Title, Magnetically Guided Shaping for Solar�...
Analysis of Two-Dimensional Non-Rigid Shapes
Analysis of deformable two-dimensional shapes is an important problem, encountered in numerous pattern recognition, computer vision and computer graphics applications. In this paper, we address three major problems in the analysis of non-rigid shapes: ... Keywords: GMDS, Gromov-Hausdorff distance, Intrinsic geometry, Multidimensional scaling, Non-rigid shapes, Pareto optimum, Partial similarity
Alexander M. Bronstein; Michael M. Bronstein; Alfred M. Bruckstein; Ron Kimmel
Guide wire extension for shape memory polymer occlusion removal devices
A flexible extension for a shape memory polymer occlusion removal device. A shape memory polymer instrument is transported through a vessel via a catheter. A flexible elongated unit is operatively connected to the distal end of the shape memory polymer instrument to enhance maneuverability through tortuous paths en route to the occlusion.
Maitland, Duncan J. (Pleasant Hill, CA); Small, IV, Ward (Livermore, CA); Hartman, Jonathan (Sacramento, CA)
Deformation and fracturing using adaptive shape matching with stiffness adjustment
This paper presents a fast method that computes deformations with fracturing of an object using a hierarchical lattice. Our method allows numerically stable computation based on so-called shape matching. During the simulation, the deformed shape of the ... Keywords: fracturing, interactive deformation, shape matching, soft body
Makoto Ohta; Yoshihiro Kanamori; Tomoyuki Nishita
Underwater locomotion from oscillatory shape deformations Patricio A. Vela
Underwater locomotion from oscillatory shape deformations Patricio A. Vela , Kristi A. firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: This paper considers underwater propulsion that is generated by variations in body shape. We underwater vehicles that propel and steer themselves by changes in shape (e.g. [11, 13, 15
Sontag, Eduardo
Final Technical Report: Nanostructured Shape Memory ALloys
With this grant we explored the properties that result from combining the effects of nanostructuring and shape memory using both experimental and theoretical approaches. We developed new methods to make nanostructured NiTi by melt-spinning and cold rolling fabrication strategies, which elicited significantly different behavior. A template synthesis method was also used to created nanoparticles. In order to characterize the particles we created, we developed a new magnetically-assisted particle manipulation technique to manipulate and position nanoscale samples for testing. Beyond characterization, this technique has broader implications for assembly of nanoscale devices and we demonstrated promising applications for optical switching through magnetically-controlled scattering and polarization capabilities. Nanoparticles of nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy were also produced using thin film deposition technology and nanosphere lithography. Our work revealed the first direct evidence that the thermally-induced martensitic transformation of these films allows for partial indent recovery on the nanoscale. In addition to thoroughly characterizing and modeling the nanoindentation behavior in NiTi thin films, we demonstrated the feasibility of using nanoindentation on an SMA film for write-read-erase schemes for data storage.
Wendy Crone; Walter Drugan; Arthur Ellis; John Perepezko
Colloidal Shape Effects in Evaporating Drops
We explore the influence of particle shape on the behavior of evaporating drops. A first set of experiments discovered that particle shape modifies particle deposition after drying. For sessile drops, spheres are deposited in a ring-like stain, while ellipsoids are deposited uniformly. Experiments elucidate the kinetics of ellipsoids and spheres at the drop's edge. A second set of experiments examined evaporating drops confined between glass plates. In this case, colloidal particles coat the ribbon-like air-water interface, forming colloidal monolayer membranes (CMMs). As particle anisotropy increases, CMM bending rigidity was found to increase, which in turn introduces a new mechanism that produces a uniform deposition of ellipsoids and a heterogeneous deposition of spheres after drying. A final set of experiments investigates the effect of surfactants in evaporating drops. The radially outward flow that pushes particles to the drop's edge also pushes surfactants to the drop's edge, which leads to a radially inward flow on the drop surface. The presence of radially outward flows in the bulk fluid and radially inward flows at the drop surface creates a Marangoni eddy, among other effects, which also modifies deposition after drying.
Peter J. Yunker; Tim Still; A. G. Yodh
Learning grasp strategies with partial shape information
We consider the problem of grasping novel objects in cluttered environments. If a full 3-d model of the scene were available, one could use the model to estimate the stability and robustness of different grasps (formalized as form/force-closure, etc); in practice, however, a robot facing a novel object will usually be able to perceive only the front (visible) faces of the object. In this paper, we propose an approach to grasping that estimates the stability of different grasps, given only noisy estimates of the shape of visible portions of an object, such as that obtained from a depth sensor. By combining this with a kinematic description of a robot arm and hand, our algorithm is able to compute a specific positioning of the robot�s fingers so as to grasp an object. We test our algorithm on two robots (with very different arms/manipulators, including one with a multi-fingered hand). We report results on the task of grasping objects of significantly different shapes and appearances than ones in the training set, both in highly cluttered and in uncluttered environments. We also apply our algorithm to the problem of unloading items from a dishwasher.
Ashutosh Saxena; Lawson L. S. Wong; Andrew Y. Ng
Shape control of solar collectors using torsional shape memory alloy actuators
Solar collectors that are focused on a central receiver are designed with a mechanism for defocusing the collector or disabling it by turning it out of the path of the sun`s rays. This is required to avoid damaging the receiver during periods of inoperability. In either of these two cases a fail-safe operation is very desirable where during power outages the collector passively goes to its defocused or deactivated state. This paper will be principally concerned with focusing and defocusing the collector in a fail-safe manner using shape memory alloy actuators. Shape memory alloys are well suited to this application in that once calibrated the actuators can be operated in an on/off mode using a small amount of electric power. Also, in contrast to other smart materials that were investigated for this application, shape memory alloys are capable of providing enough stroke at the appropriate force levels to focus the collector. In order to accommodate the large, nonlinear deformations required in the solar collector plate to obtain desired focal lengths, a torsional shape memory alloy actuator was developed that produces a stroke of 0.5 inches. Design and analysis details presented, along with comparisons to test data taken from an actual prototype, demonstrate that the collector can be repeatedly focused and defocused within accuracies required by typical solar energy systems.
Lobitz, D.W.; Rice, T.M.; Grossman, J.W. [and others
Applied Materials Switzerland SA Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA | Open
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Switzerland SA Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA Switzerland SA Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA Jump to: navigation, search Name Applied Materials Switzerland SA (Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA) Place Chezeaux, Switzerland Zip 1033 Product Manufacturer of wire saws for the semiconductor and photovoltaic wafer slicing industries. References Applied Materials Switzerland SA (Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Applied Materials Switzerland SA (Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA) is a company located in Chezeaux, Switzerland . References ↑ "[ Applied Materials Switzerland SA (Formerly HCT Shaping Systems SA)]" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Applied_Materials_Switzerland_SA_Formerly_HCT_Shaping_Systems_SA&oldid=342245"
Shaping the Phase of a Single Photon
While the phase of a coherent light field can be precisely known, the phase of the individual photons that create this field, considered individually, cannot. Phase changes within single-photon wave packets, however, have observable effects. In fact, actively controlling the phase of individual photons has been identified as a powerful resource for quantum communication protocols. Here we demonstrate the arbitrary phase control of a single photon. The phase modulation is applied without affecting the photon's amplitude profile and is verified via a two-photon quantum interference measurement, which can result in the fermionic spatial behaviour of photon pairs. Combined with previously demonstrated control of a single photon's amplitude, frequency, and polarisation, the fully deterministic phase shaping presented here allows for the complete control of single-photon wave packets.
H. P. Specht; J. Bochmann; M. Muecke; B. Weber; E. Figueroa; D. L. Moehring; G. Rempe
The Shapes and Ages of Elliptical Galaxies
In this paper we investigate the relation between the detailed isophotal shape of elliptical galaxies and the strength of the H beta absorption in their spectra. We find that disky galaxies have higher H beta indices. Stellar population synthesis models show that the H beta line is a good age indicator, hence disky galaxies tend to have younger mean ages than boxy galaxies. We show that the observed trend can be brought about by a contaminating young population, which we associate with the disky component. This population need only account for a small fraction of the total mass, for example if a contaminating population of age of 2 Gyrs is superimposed on an old (12 Gyr) elliptical galaxy, then the observed trend can be explained if it contributes only 10% to the total mass. The size of this effect is consistent with the estimates of disk-to-total light ratios from surface photometry.
Roelof S. de Jong; Roger L. Davies
Fiscal Year � The Council operates on a federal fiscal year (FFY) that begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. Focus Area � The Council has selected five areas on which to focus the remaining funds, four of which are addressed in this Invitation: herring, long-term monitoring of marine conditions and injured resources, harbor protection and marine restoration and lingering oil. Plan � is a multi-year program request for funding that includes all administrative and costs to run each program area. Preferred Proposer � after reviewing proposals submitted under this Invitation, the Council will identify a Preferred Proposer for each focus area and direct Council staff to work with each Preferred Proposer to revise the subject proposals to satisfy any scientific, technical or programmatic concerns. This identification is not a commitment to fund. Program � is a 20-year plan for spending the funds for each program area. Program Science Panel � a panel of scientific experts to review potential projects and give guidance and oversight on the direction of the program; is not required to be independent from the program.
unknown authors
U.S. Energy Information Administration | Short-Term Energy Outlook July 2013 1 July 2013 Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) Highlights The U.S. Energy Information ...
Glossary of Terms in TDE
Glossary of Terms used in ThermoData Engine (TDE): Alternative Equations (Navigation Tree item): For most properties ...
ATTACHMENT E TERMS AND CONDITIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE NO. 1. Vehicle Buy-Down Incentive Program Agreement................................................ 1 2. Term of the Agreement..................................................................................................... 14 #12;TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. Vehicle Buy-Down Incentive Program Agreement The Vehicle Buy
Long-term testing
Land-based gas turbines are significantly different from automotive gas turbines in that they are designed to operate for 50,000 h or greater (compared to 5,000--10,000 h). The primary goal of this research is to determine the long-term survivability of ceramic materials for industrial gas turbine applications. Research activities in this program focus on the evaluation of the static tensile creep and stress rupture (SR) behavior of three commercially available structural ceramics which have been identified by the gas turbine manufacturers as leading candidates for use in industrial gas turbines. For each material investigated, a minimum of three temperatures and four stresses will be used to establish the stress and temperature sensitivities of the creep and SR behavior. Because existing data for many candidate structural ceramics are limited to testing times less than 2,000 h, this program will focus on extending these data to times on the order of 10,000 h, which represents the lower limit of operating time anticipated for ceramic blades and vanes in gas turbine engines. A secondary goal of the program will be to investigate the possibility of enhancing life prediction estimates by combining interrupted tensile SR tests and tensile dynamic fatigue tests in which tensile strength is measured as a function of stressing rate. The third goal of this program will be to investigate the effects of water vapor upon the SR behavior of the three structural ceramics chosen for the static tensile studies by measuring the flexural strength as a function of stressing rate at three temperatures.
Ferber, M.; Graves, G.A. Jr.
On physical interpretation of two dimensional time-correlations regarding time delay velocities and eddy shaping
Time delay estimation (TDE) techniques are frequently used to estimate the flow velocity from fluctuating measurements. Tilted structures carried by the flow lead to misinterpretation of the time delays in terms of velocity direction and amplitude. It affects TDE measurements from probes, and is also intrinsically important for beam emission spectroscopy and gas puff imaging measurements. Local eddy shapes estimated from 2D fluctuating field are necessary to gain a more accurate flow estimate from TDE, as illustrated by Langmuir probe array measurements. A least square regression approach is proposed to estimate both flow field and shaping parameters. The technique is applied to a test case built from numerical simulation of interchange fluctuations. The local eddy shape does not only provide corrections for the velocity field but also quantitative information about the statistical interaction mechanisms between local eddies and E Multiplication-Sign B flow shear. The technique is then tested on gaz puff imaging data collected at the edge of EAST tokamak plasmas. It is shown that poloidal asymmetries of the fluctuation fields-velocity and eddy shape-are consistent at least qualitatively with a ballooning type of turbulence immersed in a radially sheared equilibrium flow.
Fedorczak, N. [Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92093 (United States); CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France); Manz, P. [Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92093 (United States); Max-Planck-Institut feur Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, 85748Garching (Germany); Thakur, S. C.; Xu, M.; Tynan, G. R. [Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92093 (United States); Xu, G. S.; Liu, S. C. [Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China)
Long-Term Stewardship Study
Office of Long Term Stewardship Office of Long Term Stewardship LONG-TERM STEWARDSHIP STUDY Volume I - Report Prepared to comply with the terms of a settlement agreement: Natural Resources Defense Council, et al. v. Richardson, et al., Civ. No. 97-936 (SS) (D.D.C. Dec. 12, 1998). Final Study October 2001 - i - Foreword The Department of Energy (DOE) has prepared this Long-term Stewardship Study ("Study" or "Final Study") to comply with the terms of a settlement agreement between DOE, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and 38 other plaintiffs [Natural Resources Defense Council, et al. v. Richardson, et al., Civ. No. 97-936 (SS) (D.D.C. Dec. 12, 1998)]. The Study describes and analyzes several issues and a variety of information associated with long-term stewardship. The Study
Quartz size/shape relationships: variable size/shape relationships of detrital quartz reflect differences in source/transport parameters
A common misconception is that as size decreases, quartz grains become progressively more angular. All possible size/shape relationships can and do occur including: 1) no relationship, 2) fine sizes, more rounded, 3) finer sized more angular, and 4) size/shape discontinuities where shape is constant over a wide range and then changes and stays constant over the remaining range. Detritus from large, long established flood plains (Mississippi, Ganges, Amazon) display a continuous change in shape with size. Detritus from primary sources generally display no size/shape effect. Small rivers commonly exhibit size/shape discontinuities. The origin of a particular size/shape relationship arises from two opposing tendencies. Finer detritus travel much faster than coarser sands. Thus silts from one provenance can overtake coarser material of different provenance. If flood plains are large and long-lived, the contribution of individual tributaries is diluted almost to indetectibility and all sizes have time enough to reach the sea. In such situations the size/shape relationship reflects a steady state of equilibrium. In smaller rivers individual tributaries can provide significant proportions of grains to flood plains with characteristic sizes and shapes leading to discrete shifts in the size/shape curve.
Ehrlich, R.; Eggers, M.R.; Goodman, E.D.
Developing Methods For Designing Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Morphing Aerostructures
The past twenty years have seen the successful characterization and computational modeling efforts by the smart materials community to better understand the Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). Commercially available numerical analysis tools, coupled with powerful constitutive models, have been shown to be highly accurate for predicting the response of these materials when subjected to predetermined loading conditions. This thesis acknowledges the development of such an established analysis framework and proposes an expanded design framework that is capable of accounting for the complex coupling behavior between SMA components and the surrounding assembly or system. In order to capture these effects, additional analysis tools are implemented in addition to the standard use of the non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) solver and a full, robust SMA constitutive model coded as a custom user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). These additional tools include a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, a cosimulation module that allows separate FEA and CFD solvers to iteratively analyze fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and conjugate heat transfer (CHT) problems, and the addition of the latent heat term to the heat equations in the UMAT to fully account for transient thermomechanical coupling. Procedures for optimizing SMA component and assembly designs through iterative analysis are also introduced at the highest level. These techniques are implemented using commercially available simulation process management and scripting tools. The expanded framework is demonstrated on example engineering problems that are motivated by real morphing structure applications, namely the Boeing Variable Geometry Chevron (VGC) and the NASA Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composite (SMAHC) chevron. Three different studies are conducted on these applications, focusing on component-, assembly-, and system-level analysis, each of which may necessitate accounting for certain coupling interactions between thermal, mechanical, and fluid fields. Output analysis data from each of the three models are validated against experimental data, where available. It is shown that the expanded design framework can account for the additional coupling effects at each analysis level, while providing an efficient and accurate alternative to the cost- and time-expensive legacy design-build-test methods that are still used today to engineer SMA actuated morphing aerostructures.
Oehler, Stephen Daniel
Nature of X-shaped sources
The nature of X-shaped sources is a matter of considerable debate: it has even been proposed that they provide evidence for black hole mergers$ / $spin reorientation, and therefore constrain the rate of strong gravitational wave events (Merritt & Ekers 2002). Based on morphological and spectral characteristics of these sources, currently a strong contender to explain the nature of these sources is the `alternative' model of Lal & Rao (2007), in which these sources consist of two pairs of jets, which are associated with two unresolved AGNs. Detailed morphological and spectral results on milliarcsecond-scales (mas) provide a crucial test of this model, and hence these sources are excellent candidates to study on mas; {\\it i.e.}, to detect he presence/absence of double nuclei/AGNs, signs of helical/disrupted jets, thereby, to investigate spatially resolved/unresolved binary AGN systems and providing clues to understanding the physics of merging of AGNs on mas. We conducted a systematic study of a large s...
Lal, D V; Kraft, R P; Cheung, C C; Lobanov, A P; Zensus, J A; Bhatnagar, S; Rao, A P
On sampling fractions and electron shower shapes
We study the usage of various definitions of sampling fractions in understanding electron shower shapes in a sampling multilayer electromagnetic calorimeter. We show that the sampling fractions obtained by the conventional definition (I) of (average observed energy in layer)/(average deposited energy in layer) will not give the best energy resolution for the calorimeter. The reason for this is shown to be the presence of layer by layer correlations in an electromagnetic shower. The best resolution is obtained by minimizing the deviation from the total input energy using a least squares algorithm. The 'sampling fractions' obtained by this method (II) are shown to give the best resolution for overall energy. We further show that the method (II) sampling fractions are obtained by summing the columns of a non-local {lambda} tensor that incorporates the correlations. We establish that the sampling fractions (II) cannot be used to predict the layer by layer energies and that one needs to employ the full {lambda} tensor for this purpose. This effect is again a result of the correlations.
Peryshkin, Alexander; Raja, Rajendran; /Fermilab
Mixing materials within zone boundaries using shape overlays
Shape overlays provide a means of statically imposing a physical region containing specified material properties onto a zoned mesh. In the most general case, material interface boundaries are unrelated to mesh zone boundaries, causing zones to contain a mixture of materials, and the mesh itself is not uniform in physical space. We develop and apply an algorithm for shape overlays on nonorthogonal, nonuniform meshes in two dimensions. Examples of shape generation in a multiblock uid dynamics code are shown.
Grandy, J.
On The Shape of the Betatron Side-Band
The shape of the betatron side-band is sensitive to the transverse rms size of colliding bunches. It is shown in this note that the transverse rms of the beam can be inferred from the shape of the betatron line. Analysis is presented which takes into account the tilt angle of the beams at the collision point and their offset. The authors discuss other effects which can change the shape of the betatron line in the spectrum.
Heifets, samuel A
A method for obtaining the true shape of x-ray spectra was developed for the particular case of dispersive distortions. The method is of value in the correction of the shape of the spectrum for the distortion introduced by the outside level of the atom and in showing the correct shape of the energy dependence of the density of states n(E)p(E) where p(E) is the probability of the corresponding transition. (J.S.R.)
Blokhin, M.A.
Method for preparing corrosion-resistant ceramic shapes
Ceramic shapes having impermeable tungsten coatings can be used for containing highly corrosive molten alloys and salts. The shapes are prepared by coating damp green ceramic shapes containing a small amount of yttria with a tungsten coating slip which has been adjusted to match the shrinkage rate of the green ceramic and which will fire to a theoretical density of at least 80% to provide a impermeable coating.
Arons, Richard M. (Wheaton, IL); Dusek, Joseph T. (Downers Grove, IL)
Ceramic shapes having impermeable tungsten coatings can be used for containing highly corrosive molten alloys and salts. The shapes are prepared by coating damp green ceramic shapes containing a small amount of yttria with a tungsten coating slip which has been adjusted to match the shrinkage rate of the green ceramic and which will fire to a theoretical density of at least 80% to provide an impermeable coating.
Arons, R.M.; Dusek, J.T.
Shape-invariance and Exactly Solvable Problems in Quantum Mechanics
Algebraic approach to the integrability condition called shape invariance is briefly reviewed. Various applications of shape-invariance available in the literature are listed. A class of shape-invariant bound-state problems which represent two-level systems are examined. These generalize the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. Coherent states associated with shape-invariant systems are discussed. For the case of quantum harmonic oscillator the decomposition of identity for these coherent states is given. This decomposition of identity utilizes Ramanujan's integral extension of the beta function.
A. B. Balantekin
Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Explains Unidirectionality
Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Explains Unidirectionality Print Hexameric motor proteins represent a complex class of molecular machines that variously push and pull on...
(Ni,Pt)Ti High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Shape Memory Alloys. Presentation Title, Phase Field Modeling of P-Phase�...
Determination of the recovery stresses developed by shape memory alloys
A simple relationship has been developed between recovery stresses, temperature, and strain, to explain the mechanical shape memory effect in some alloys which undergo thermoelastic martensitic transformation. (GHT)
Mohamed, H.A.
Peak-shape functions for Neutron Time of Flight
(Draft)-dec. 2003 Introduction A reorganization of the subroutines calculating the peak shape function and derivatives for time of flight neutron powder diffraction has been...
Simulation of Aluminum Shape Casting Processing: From Alloy - TMS
Sep 24, 2007 ... "The objective of the TMS Symposium on the "Simulation of Aluminum Shape Casting Processing" From Alloy Design to Mechanical Properties"�...
Measurements of Spin Dynamics Reveal that Shape of Excitons in...
of semiconductors that compose a quantum rod heterostructure, along with its size and shape, can change electronic properties such as tendency for electron-hole separation-a...
Novel and NiTi-based Shape Memory Alloys
Mar 4, 2013 ... Phase Constitution, Mechanical and Shape Memory Properties of (Pt,Co)Ti Alloys: Hideki Hosoda1; Satoshi Tsutsumi1; Masaki Tahara1;�...
Methods for Analyzing Electric Load Shape and its Variability
Current methods of summarizing and analyzing electric load shape are discussed briefly and compared. Simple rules of thumb for graphical display of load shapes are suggested. We propose a set of parameters that quantitatively describe the load shape in many buildings. Using the example of a linear regression model to predict load shape from time and temperature, we show how quantities such as the load?s sensitivity to outdoor temperature, and the effectiveness of demand response (DR), can be quantified. Examples are presented using real building data.
Price, Philip
Fundamentals of Shape Memory and Related Transitions (Electronic ...
Jun 1, 2007 ... These papers are based on presentations prepared for the symposium Fundamentals of Shape Memory and Related Transitions. The original�...
'Heart-shaped' plasmoid observed in the distant magnetotail
We discovered plasmoids which have the 'heart-shape' structure in the distant magnetotail by using the Geotail data. We also showed the existence of intermediate and slow shocks in the interface of heart shape structure. The plasma sheet density just before the heart-shaped plasmoid passage appeared to be larger than that of the averaged case. These results support the idea that the plasmoid generated in the near-Earth neutral line (NENL) may evolve into the heart-shape due to the nonuniform MHD velocities in the plasma sheet.
Hirai, M.; Ida, S.; Hoshino, M. [Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan); Kuroda, T. [Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan)
Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy of. Shape Memory Alloys for Actuator Applications. Sponsored by. TMS Structural Materials Division (SMD). TMS/ASM: �...
Tailoring the Shape and Structure of Supported Metal Nanocrystals ...
Material processing methods are developed to control nanocrystal size and shape in order to tune their physical and chemical properties.We observed that Pd�...
energy shaping for systems with two degrees of ... - CECM
In this thesis we are going to study the energy shaping problem on controlled ... trolled Lagrangian system so that the total energy of the feedback equivalent�...
A Bayesian Network Framework for Relational Shape Matching
entropy maximization for Bayesian belief propagation. In T.problem. Essentially, the Bayesian network searches for theof the relational shape matching Bayesian network framework.
Anand Rangarajan; James Coughlan; Alan L. Yuille
A Fabrication Technique for Metal Matrix Composites with Shape ...
Abstract Scope, Advanced metal matrix composites reinforced with shape memory ... of Metal Matrix Composites via Spark Plasma Sintering for Nuclear Energy�...
Optimal shape control of functionally graded smart plates using ...
and displacement control gains for the shape control of the functionally graded ... placement control gain values for the closed loop feedback control. The effect�...
�Heart?shaped� plasmoid observed in the distant magnetotail
We discovered plasmoids which have the �heart?shape� structure in the distant magnetotail by using the Geotail data. We also showed the existence of intermediate and slow shocks in the interface of heart shape structure. The plasma sheet density just before the heart?shaped plasmoid passage appeared to be larger than that of the averaged case. These results support the idea that the plasmoid generated in the near?Earth neutral line (NENL) may evolve into the heart?shape due to the nonuniform MHD velocities in the plasma sheet.
M. Hirai; T. Kuroda; S. Ida; M. Hoshino
Term Appointments | Department of Energy
Term Appointments Term Appointments Term Appointments A term appointment is a non-permanent time limited appointment for a period of more than 1 year but not more than 4 years. The appointment allows eiligibility for benefits and retirement coverage. Reasons for making a term appointment include but are not limited to: project work, extraordinary workload, scheduled abolishment, reorganization, uncertainty of future funding, or the need to maintain permanent positions for placement of employees who would otherwise be displaced from other parts of the organization. OPM may authorize exceptions beyond the 4-year limit when the extension is appropriately justifiable. For example, if the deadline of a major project is extended and the employee's term appointment is at the end of its time
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Shape Memory Polymers Considering Finite Deformations and Heat Transfer
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a relatively new class of active materials that can store a temporary shape and return to the original configuration upon application of a stimulus such as temperature. This shape changing ability has led to increased interest in their use for biomedical and aerospace applications. A major challenge, however, in the advancement of these applications is the ability to accurately predict the material behavior for complex geometries and boundary conditions. This work addresses this challenge by developing an experimentally calibrated and validated constitutive model that is implemented as a user material subroutine in Abaqus ? a commercially available finite element software package. The model is formulated in terms of finite deformations and assumes the SMP behaves as a thermoelastic material, for which the response is modeled using a compressible neo-Hookean constitutive equation. An internal state variable, the glassy volume fraction, is introduced to account for the phase transformation and associated stored deformation upon cooling from the rubbery phase to the glassy phase and subsequently recovered upon heating. The numerical implementation is performed such that a system of equations is solved using a Newton-Raphson method to find the updated stress in the material. The conductive heat transfer is incorporated through solving Fourier's law simultaneously with the constitutive equations. To calibrate and validate the model parameters, thermomechanical experiments are performed on an amorphous, thermosetting polyurethane shape memory polymer. Strains of 10-25% are applied and both free recovery (zero load) and constrained displacement recovery boundary conditions are considered for each value of applied strain. Using the uniaxial experimental data, the model is then calibrated and compared to the 1-D experimental results. The validated finite element analysis tool is then used to model biomedical devices, including cardiovascular tubes and thrombectomy devices, fabricated from shape memory polymers. The effects of heat transfer and complex thermal boundary conditions are evaluated using coupled thermal-displacement analysis, for which the thermal material properties were experimentally calibrated.
Volk, Brent 1985-
The role of nuclear shapes in nuclear structure (from the perspective of the Daresbury Tandem)
In specific regions of the nuclear periodic chart, large multipole moments are observed and the low-lying excitations have a rotational character. These features are understood if the nuclei in question are assumed to have a stable deformation, i.e., a non-spherical distribution of the nuclear matter. In other (transitional) regions the quasi-rotational bands are present; they are strongly coupled to low-lying vibrational modes. Those nuclei are best understood in terms of small static deformations but large dynamic fluctuations around local equilibria. As a matter of fact, the vast majority of nuclei are deformed; even in those which are spherical or almost spherical, the dynamical couplings to shape vibrations are crucial. The issue of nuclear deformation is many-faceted. If the nuclear shape (nuclear mean field) is deformed, characteristic excitation modes are present, such as rotations and vibrations built upon the non-spherical equilibrium. Through the particle-core coupling, nuclear deformations can dramatically influence the single-particle properties of nucleons moving in the average nuclear potential. Many experimental investigations using the Daresbury Tandem were related in one way or another to the physics of nuclear shapes. Fundamental discoveries from Daresbury include the observation of superdeformed structures in rapidly rotating nuclei, the observation of identical ({open_quotes}twinned{close_quotes}) rotational bands, various studies of structural changes induced by very fast rotation (band-crossings, band-terminations), the observation of the oblate-deformed {open_quotes}dipole{close_quotes} bands, studies of reflection-asymmetric shapes, studies of (quasimolecular) cluster configurations in light nuclei, and many, many others. The author reviews the forefront research at Daresbury from the global perspective; the common denominator being the nuclear shape deformation.
Nazarewicz, W.
RENEWABLE ENERGY Medium-Term
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Shape Memory Behavior of Heat Treated Ni60Ti40 (wt%)
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Shape Memory Alloys. Presentation Title, Shape Memory Behavior of Heat�...
Effects of Constrained Aging on the Shape Memory Response of Nickel Rich Niti Shape Memory Alloys
Ni50.6Ti49.4 single and Ni52Ti48 polycrystalline shape memory alloy samples were subjected to aging under a uniaxial stress, to form a single Ni4Ti3 precipitate variant and to investigate the effects of single versus multi-variant coherent precipitates on the shape memory characteristics including two-way shape memory effect (TWSME). Shape memory and superelasticity properties along with the effects of stress and temperature on the transformation temperatures, strain, hysteresis, dimensional stability, and R-phase formation were investigated. This was accomplished through the use of isobaric thermal cycling and superelasticity experiments and various microscopy techniques that included transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and optical microcopy. The results showed that it is feasible to use constrained aging to bias R-phase martensite variants upon cooling from austenite without any external stress, however, accomplishing this with B19�martensite was much harder as complete TWSME was only found in the Ni50.6Ti49.4 single crystalline sample oriented along the [112] direction. The onset of irrecoverable strain corresponded to the R-phase temperature hysteresis increase in the single crystalline samples regardless of the aging conditions. Through TEM analysis it was discovered that [112] and [114] twins were found in austenite due to plastic deformation of martensite during the superelasticity experiments. Since [112] twins are theoretically impossible to form in austenite, and since martensite was plastically deformed, [112] austenite twins were attributed to the transformation of compound twins in martensite, in particular [113] martensite twins formed during the plastic deformation of martensite, into austenite twins. In the Ni52Ti48 polycrystalline samples, a compressive R-phase variant was biased through constrained aging under 100 and 200 MPa uniaxial tensile stresses at 400�C and 450�C. Aging, in all conditions, produced a high density of Ni4Ti3 precipitates that was most likely responsible for the small transformation strain observed, less that 2%, upon transformation to martensite. In the future, samples with compositions between 50.8 and 51.5 Ni atomic percent, in addition to altered solution and aging heat treatments as compared to those used in this study should be investigated as it is believed that samples with these compositions will yield better and consistent TWSME responses through constrained aging.
Barrie, Fatmata Haja
Strategies for Shape Matching using Skeletons Wooi-Boon Goh
that the incorporation of these strategies significantly improves shape database retrieval accuracy. Keywords: Shape of the possible role of medial geometry in the human visual system. Neurophysiological experiments by Lee et al or terminus point (see Fig. 14). Human visual system-based motivation for this devising this scheme
Goh, Wooi Boon
Universal features of polymer shapes in crowded environment
We study the universal characteristics of the shape of a polymer chain in an environment with correlated structural obstacles, applying the field-theoretical renormalization group approach. Our results qualitatively indicate an increase of the asymmetry of the polymer shape in crowded environment comparing with the pure solution case.
Viktoria Blavatska; Christian von Ferber; Yurij Holovatch
Nonlinear manifold learning for dynamic shape and dynamic appearance
Our objective is to learn representations for the shape and the appearance of moving (dynamic) objects that support tasks such as synthesis, pose recovery, reconstruction, and tracking. In this paper, we introduce a framework that aims to learn landmark-free ... Keywords: Appearance-based vision, Gait analysis, Human motion analysis, Manifold learning, Motion analysis, Shape analysis
Ahmed Elgammal; Chan-Su Lee
Extracting and depicting the 3D shape of specular surfaces
Many materials including water, plastic and metal have specular surface characteristics. Specular reflections have commonly been considered a nuisance for the recovery of object shape. However, the way that reflections are distorted across the surface ... Keywords: 3D shape perception, model of cortical form processing, non-photorealistic rendering
Ulrich Weidenbacher; Pierre Bayerl; Roland Fleming; Heiko Neumann
Freely movable ferromagnetic shape memory nanostructures for actuation
This paper presents the design and fabrication of freely movable ferromagnetic shape memory nanostructures for actuation in nanometer dimensions. Ni-Mn-Ga is chosen as a transducer material as it combines the shape memory effect and ferromagnetic properties. ... Keywords: Electron beam lithography, Epitaxial Ni-Mn-Ga films, Ion beam etching, Nanostructures
M. Schmitt; A. Backen; S. F�Hler; M. Kohl
Comparison of shape descriptors for mice behavior recognition
Shape representation provides fundamental features formany applications in computer vision and it is known to be important cues for human vision. This paper presents an experimental study on recognition of mice behavior. We investigate the performance ... Keywords: computer vision, mice behavior, shape descriptors
Jonathan De Andrade Silva; Wesley Nunes Gon�alves; Bruno Brandoli Machado; Hemerson Pistori; Albert Schiaveto De Souza; Kleber Padovani De Souza
Heuristic optimality criterion algorithm for shape design of fluid flow
This paper presents a heuristic optimality criterion algorithm for shape design of fluid flow. In this algorithm, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is utilized to calculate the flow field of a fluid domain which is divided into elemental cells. A heuristic ... Keywords: Fluid flow, Heuristic optimality criterion, Lattice Boltzmann method, Pressure drop, Shape design
Limin Wang; Yilin Fan; Lingai Luo
Measuring the Orientability of Shapes Paul L. Rosin
Measuring the Orientability of Shapes Paul L. Rosin School of Computer Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales, UK email@example.com Abstract. An orientability measure determines how orientable a shape is; i.e. how reliable an estimate of its orientation is likely to be. This is valuable
Rosin, Paul
A Shape Descriptor for Fast Complementarity Matching in Molecular Docking
This paper presents a novel approach for fast rigid docking of proteins based on geometric complementarity. After extraction of the 3D molecular surface, a set of local surface patches is generated based on the local surface curvature. The shape complementarity ... Keywords: Protein docking, rigid body, geometric complementarity, shape impact descriptor.
Apostolos Axenopoulos; Petros Daras; Georgios Papadopoulos; Elias Houstis
An extended level set method for shape and topology optimization
In this paper, the conventional level set methods are extended as an effective approach for shape and topology optimization by the introduction of the radial basis functions (RBFs). The RBF multiquadric splines are used to construct the implicit level ... Keywords: Extension velocity, Gradient-based optimization, Level set method, Radial basis functions, Shape optimization, Topology optimization
S. Y. Wang; K. M. Lim; B. C. Khoo; M. Y. Wang
Shape mixtures of multivariate skew-normal distributions
Classes of shape mixtures of independent and dependent multivariate skew-normal distributions are considered and some of their main properties are studied. If interpreted from a Bayesian point of view, the results obtained in this paper bring tractability ... Keywords: 62E15, 62H05, Bayes, Conjugacy, Regression model, Robustness, Shape parameter, Skew-normal distribution, Skewness
Reinaldo B. Arellano-Valle; Marc G. Genton; Rosangela H. Loschi
Semiparametric regression with shape-constrained penalized splines
In semiparametric regression models, penalized splines can be used to describe complex, non-linear relationships between the mean response and covariates. In some applications it is desirable to restrict the shape of the splines so as to enforce properties ... Keywords: Linear mixed model, MCMC, Shape constraint, Spline, Truncated multivariate normal
Martin L. Hazelton; Berwin A. Turlach
Multi-object image retrieval based on shape and topology
We aim at developing a geometry-based retrieval system for multi-object images. We model both shape and topology of image objects including holes using a structured representation called curvature tree (CT); the hierarchy of the CT reflects the inclusion ... Keywords: Attributed tree matching, Geometry-based image retrieval, Logo retrieval, Shape matching
Naif Alajlan; Mohamed S. Kamel; George Freeman
Investigation of Residential Central Air Conditioning Load Shapes in
LBNL-52235 Investigation of Residential Central Air Conditioning Load Shapes in NEMS Kristina Laboratory is an equal opportunity employer. #12;#12;LBNL-52235 Investigation of Residential Central Air;#12;Investigation of Residential Central Air Conditioning Load Shapes in NEMS i Table of Contents Acronyms
The Characterization of Micro-Channel Structure Poly Silicon Solar Cell Shaped by Laser Carving Technology
Abstract�On the increasing efficiency of solar cell manufacturing is a continuous challenge to the photovoltaic industry. This paper discusses using laser carving to shape circular micro channels on the surface of polycrystalline silicon solar cells in order to enhance their efficiency. According to the research findings, when the radius of circular-micro channels structure for 15?m, the efficiency of the solar cell is raised from 14.28 % to 15.78%. Detail features of efficiency and IV curve are also discussed. Index Terms�poly silicon, solar cell, micro channel, laser carving I.
Liann B. Chang; Hsin C. Chen; Chao S. Lai; Chung W. Liao
Global forces shape the electricity industry
Whatever scenario for electricity comes to pass - one that emphasizes richness in energy supply or productivity in demand - expect to see increased complexity in the industry and its structures. Technology will be a key subversive element of this process of Schumpeterian creation and destruction. There are powerful global forces at work that are transforming whole economies and industries. Today`s electricity industry, with a century of tradition behind it, is also likely to be transformed in terms of its structure, competitive nature and the fuels that it uses. The electricity demand-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) relationship also stems from the increased share of electricity in energy markets. Overall, energy demand is declining relative to GDP, driven by increased efficiency and economic restructuring. Eventually (as indeed is already discernible in OECD countries) electricity demand will show the same characteristics.
Rainbow, R.
Lovelock Terms and BRST Cohomology
Lovelock terms are polynomial scalar densities in the Riemann curvature tensor that have the remarkable property that their Euler-Lagrange derivatives contain derivatives of the metric of order not higher than two (while generic polynomial scalar densities lead to Euler-Lagrange derivatives with derivatives of the metric of order four). A characteristic feature of Lovelock terms is that their first nonvanishing term in the expansion of the metric around flat space is a total derivative. In this paper, we investigate generalized Lovelock terms defined as polynomial scalar densities in the Riemann curvature tensor and its covariant derivatives (of arbitrarily high but finite order) such that their first nonvanishing term in the expansion of the metric around flat space is a total derivative. This is done by reformulating the problem as a BRST cohomological one and by using cohomological tools. We determine all the generalized Lovelock terms. We find, in fact, that the class of nontrivial generalized Lovelock terms contains only the usual ones. Allowing covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor does not lead to new structure. Our work provides a novel algebraic understanding of the Lovelock terms in the context of BRST cohomology.
S. Cnockaert; M. Henneaux
Long-Term Environmental Stewardship
Long-Term Environmental Stewardship Long-Term Environmental Stewardship The Long-Term Environmental Stewardship Program ensures protection of human health and the environment, following site remediations. Contact Environmental Communication & Public Involvement P.O. Box 1663 MS M996 Los Alamos, NM 87545 (505) 667-0216 Email Continuing environmental commitment Long-term stewardship activities are designed to prevent exposures to residual contamination and waste including groundwater monitoring ongoing pump-and-treatment activities maintenance of barriers and other contaminant structures periodic inspections control of site access posted signs Long-term environmental stewardship (LTES) data access DOE requires that data used to make decisions concerning LTES conditions be readily accessible to the public. To accomplish this, sample analysis data
Automatic generation of bas-reliefs from 3D shapes
generated by our method and their profiles (middle images). A bas-relief of the Stanford Armadillo model on a bended cylinder (most-right image). In this paper, we introduce and study a new problem of converting a given 3D shape (or a 2.5D range data) into a bas-relief. The problem can be considered as a geometry counterpart of the HDR image compression problem widely studied in computer graphics. In our approach to the shape bas-reliefing problem, we combine the concepts of mesh saliency, shape exaggerating, and discrete differential coordinates. The final bas-relief has a small width, preserves salient features of the original 3D shape, and, therefore, can be used for shape decorating purposes. 1
Wenhao Song; Alexander Belyaev; Hans-peter Seidel
RMP ELM Suppression in DIII-D Plasmas with ITER Similar Shapes and Collisionalities
Large Type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) are completely eliminated with small n = 3 resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) in low average triangularity, = 0.26, plasmas and in ITER similar shaped (ISS) plasmas, = 0.53, with ITER relevant collisionalities ve 0.2. Significant differences in the RMP requirements and in the properties of the ELM suppressed plasmas are found when comparing the two triangularities. In ISS plasmas, the current required to suppress ELMs is approximately 25% higher than in low average triangularity plasmas. It is also found that the width of the resonant q95 window required for ELM suppression is smaller in ISS plasmas than in low average triangularity plasmas. An analysis of the positions and widths of resonant magnetic islands across the pedestal region, in the absence of resonant field screening or a self-consistent plasma response, indicates that differences in the shape of the q profile may explain the need for higher RMP coil currents during ELM suppression in ISS plasmas. Changes in the pedestal profiles are compared for each plasma shape as well as with changes in the injected neutral beam power and the RMP amplitude. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of requirements for optimal ELM control coil designs and for establishing the physics basis needed in order to scale this approach to future burning plasma devices such as ITER.
Evans, T.E. [General Atomics, San Diego; Fenstermacher, M. E. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); Moyer, R.A. [University of California, San Diego; Osborne, T. H. [General Atomics; Watkins, J. G. [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL); Gohil, P. [General Atomics; Joseph, I. [University of California, San Diego; Schaffer, M. J. [General Atomics, San Diego; Baylor, Larry R [ORNL; Becoulet, M. [CEA Cadarache, St. Paul lex Durance, France; Boedo, J.A. [University of California, San Diego; Burrell, K. H. [General Atomics; DeGrassie, J. S. [General Atomics, San Diego; Finken, K. H. [Max-Planck-Institute for Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, Greifswald, Germany; Jernigan, Thomas C [ORNL; Jakubowski, M. W. [Max-Planck-Institute for Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, Greifswald, Germany; Lasnier, C. J. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); Lehnen, M. [Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany; Leonard, A. W. [General Atomics; Lonnroth, J. [Association Euratom-Tekes, Finland; Nardon, E. [CEA Cadarache, St. Paul lex Durance, France; Parail, V. [EURATOM / UKAEA, UK; Schmitz, O. [Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany; Unterberg, B. [Max-Planck-Institute for Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, Greifswald, Germany; West, W.P. [General Atomics, San Diego
Atomic-phase interference devices based on ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates: Two ring case
We theoretically investigate the ground-state properties and quantum dynamics of a pair of adjacent ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates that are coupled via tunneling. This device, which is the analogue of a symmetric superconducting quantum interference device, is the simplest version of what we term an Atomic-Phase Interference Device (APHID). The two-ring APHID is shown to be sensitive to rotation.
B. P. Anderson; K. Dholakia; E. M. Wright
DOE/EIA-0202(98/3Q) Distribution Category UC-950 Short-Term Energy Outlook July 1998 Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Markets and End Use
More on the term �Fission?
information, and he certainly did. His insight into the origin of the term "fission" expanded greatly on the mere mention I had made of it in the Y-12 history column he...
Interpretations of the JEBAR Term
In diagnostic calculations of the ocean's circulation, the so-called JEBAR (joint effect of baroclinicity and relief) term may induce a significant depth-average current field, as has been noted in the oceanographic literature. Here we present ...
Gordon Mertz; Daniel G. Wright
Does the term structure forecast
provides more accurate forecasts of real consumption growth14. Harvey, C.R. (1989): \\Forecasts of economic growth fromC.R. (1993): \\Term structure forecasts economic growth", Fi-
Berardi, Andrea; Torous, Walter
Long-Term Surveillance Plan
NRC in the referenced letter have been addressed and are reflected in this submittal. This Long Term Surveillance Plan (LTSP) is intended to satisfy the requirements set forth in 10 CFR 40.28 whereby the long-term custodian must provide an LTSP to the NRC as a step in the licensing/license termination process. Please call me at (970) 248-6037 if you have questions. Sincerely, Enclosures cc w/enclosure:
Mail Stop Ta; M. Plessinger Mactec-ers
Developing shape analysis tools to assist complex spatial decision making
The objective of this research was to develop and implement a shape identification measure within a geographic information system, specifically one that incorporates analytical modeling for site location planning. The application that was developed incorporated a location model within a raster-based GIS, which helped address critical performance issues for the decision support system. Binary matrices, which approximate the object`s geometrical form, are passed over the grided data structure and allow identification of irregular and regularly shaped objects. Lastly, the issue of shape rotation is addressed and is resolved by constructing unique matrices corresponding to the object`s orientation
Mackey, H.E. [Westinghouse Savannah River Company, AIKEN, SC (United States); Ehler, G.B.; Cowen, D. [South Carolina Univ., Columbia, SC (United States)
Heart - Shaped Nuclei: Condensation of Rotational Aligned Octupole Phonons
The strong octupole correlations in the mass region $A\\approx 226$ are interpreted as rotation-induced condensation of octupole phonons carrying three units of angular momentum aligned with the rotational axis. The condensation represents a quantum phase transition. Discrete phonon energy and parity conservation generate oscillations of the rotational sequences with positive and negative parity. The phonon condensate co-rotates with quadrupole shape forming a rotating heart shape. The coupling between the quadrupole and octupole modes reaches a maximum in the $N\\approx 136$ isotones, approaching the limit of a static heart shape.
Frauendorf, S
Dynein Motor Domain Shows Ring-Shaped Motor, Buttress
Dynein Motor Domain Shows Ring-Shaped Motor, Buttress Print Movement is fundamental to life. It takes place even at the cellular level where cargo is continually being transported...
Create Property Page: Property:Has shape | Open Energy Information
Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Create Property Page: Property:Has shape Jump to: navigation, search You do not have permission to edit this page, for the...
Mathematical Description of the Shape of Conical Hydrometeors
A mathematical function is presented to approximate the shape of conical hydrometeors such as conical graupel and hailstones and large falling raindrops. The function provides a method of parametric classification of conical hydrometeors. Steps ...
Pao-Kuan Wang
Radiation phantom with humanoid shape and adjustable thickness
A radiation phantom comprising a body with a general humanoid shape and at least a portion having an adjustable thickness. In one embodiment, the portion with an adjustable thickness comprises at least one tissue-equivalent slice.
Lehmann, Joerg (Pleasanton, CA); Levy, Joshua (Salem, NY); Stern, Robin L. (Lodi, CA); Siantar, Christine Hartmann (Livermore, CA); Goldberg, Zelanna (Carmichael, CA)
Mathematical Description of the Shape of Plane Hexagonal Snow Crystals
Simple mathematical expressions are presented for describing the shapes of some plane hexagonal snow crystals. These expressions provide convenient means for cloud physical calculations and can also serve as a method for quantitative ...
P. K. Wang; S. M. Denzer
Using prior shape and intensity profile in medical image segmentation
In this note we present a coupled optimization model forboundary determination. One part of the model incorporatesa prior shape into a geometric active contour modelwith a fixed parameter. The second part determines the'best' parameter used in the first ...
Yunmei Chen; Feng Huang; Hemant D. Tagare; Murali Rao; David Wilson; Edward A. Geiser
Iran Thomas Auditorium, 8600 Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Metal...
January 25, 2013 10:00 am Iran Thomas Auditorium, 8600 Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals Younan Xia Georgia Institute of Technology CNMS D D I I S S C C O O V V E E...
Multi-range force sensors utilizing shape memory alloys
The present invention provides a multi-range force sensor comprising a load cell made of a shape memory alloy, a strain sensing system, a temperature modulating system, and a temperature monitoring system. The ability of the force sensor to measure contact forces in multiple ranges is effected by the change in temperature of the shape memory alloy. The heating and cooling system functions to place the shape memory alloy of the load cell in either a low temperature, low strength phase for measuring small contact forces, or a high temperature, high strength phase for measuring large contact forces. Once the load cell is in the desired phase, the strain sensing system is utilized to obtain the applied contact force. The temperature monitoring system is utilized to ensure that the shape memory alloy is in one phase or the other.
Shaping Gender: Vietnamese Nail Technicians in Northern California
men�and�women�enforce�gender�norms�by�stating�that�women�Phan 1 Shaping�Gender:�Vietnamese�Nail�Technicians�in�and�Zimmerman�s�concept�of��doing�gender��will�be�useful�in�
Phan, Le
The Role of Stationary Eddies in Shaping Midlatitude Storm Tracks
Transient and stationary eddies shape the extratropical climate through their transport of heat, moisture, and momentum. In the zonal mean, the transports by transient eddies dominate over those by stationary eddies, but this is not necessarily ...
Yohai Kaspi; Tapio Schneider
Compact Shock Impulses in Models with V-shaped Potentials
A new class of solutions in the signum-Klein-Gordon model is presented. Our solutions merge properties of shock waves and compactons that appear in scalar field models with V-shaped potentials.
Pawel Klimas
Lee-Wave Resonances over Double Bell-Shaped Obstacles
Lee-wave resonance over double bell-shaped obstacles is investigated through a series of idealized high-resolution numerical simulations with the nonhydrostatic Coupled Ocean�Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model using a free-slip ...
Vanda Grubi�i?; Ivana Stiperski
A Numerical Model for the Equilibrium Shape of Electrified Raindrops
The model Beard Chuang, using the differential form of Laplace's formula, has been extended to raindrop shapes under the influence of vertical electric fields and drop charges. A finite volume method was used with a boundary-fitted coordinate ...
Catherine C. Chuang; Kenneth V. Beard
On Shape Optimization for an Evolution Coupled System
A shape optimization problem in three spatial dimensions for an elasto-dynamic piezoelectric body coupled to an acoustic chamber is introduced. Well-posedness of the problem is established and first order necessary optimality conditions are derived in the framework of the boundary variation technique. In particular, the existence of the shape gradient for an integral shape functional is obtained, as well as its regularity, sufficient for applications e.g. in modern loudspeaker technologies. The shape gradients are given by functions supported on the moving boundaries. The paper extends results obtained by the authors in (Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 33(17):2118-2131, 2010) where a similar problem was treated without acoustic coupling.
Leugering, G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Department of Mathematics (Germany); Novotny, A. A., E-mail: email@example.com; Perla Menzala, G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Coordenacao de Matematica Aplicada e Computacional, Laboratorio Nacional de Computacao Cientifica LNCC/MCT (Brazil); Sokolowski, J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institut Elie Cartan, UMR 7502 (Nancy Universite, CNRS, INRIA), Laboratoire de Mathematiques, Universite Henri Poincare Nancy I (France)
Searching optimal shapes for blades of a fan
A nonlinear differential equation about optimal shapes for blades of a fan. A boundary value differential problem from engineering, geometrical or physical bonds. A relation between linear profiles and constant speed along the side under flow.
Gianluca Argentini
The Effects of Table Lamp Shade Shape and Compact Fluorescent...
The Effects of Table Lamp Shade Shape and Compact Fluorescent Lamp Burning Position on Visual Comfort Speaker(s): Zaidi Abdullah Date: March 15, 2001 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90...
Measurement of Mean Raindrop Shape from Polarimetric Radar Observations
Interpretation of polarimetric radar measurements in rainfall such as differential reflectivity and specific differential phase shifts depends on the mean raindrop shape�size relationship. Currently, semiempirical relations between the oblateness ...
Eugenio Gorgucci; Gianfranco Scarchilli; V. Chandrasekar; V. N. Bringi
A New Model for the Equilibrium Shape of Raindrops
The equilibrium shape of raindrops has been determined from Laplace's equation using an internal hydrostatic pressure with an external aerodynamic pressure based on measurements for a sphere but adjusted for the effect of distortion. The drop ...
Kenneth V. Beard; Catherine Chuang
Edge Detection and Shape Recognition in Neutron Transmission Images
Neutron transmission measurements are a valuable tool for nondestructively imaging special nuclear materials. Analysis of these images, however, tends to require significant user interaction to determine the sizes, shapes, and likely compositions of measured objects. Computer vision (CV) techniques can be a useful approach to automatically extracting important information from either neutron transmission images or fission-site-mapping images. An automatable approach has been developed that processes an input image and, through recursive application of CV techniques, produces a set of basic shapes that define surfaces observed in the image. These shapes can then be compared to a library of known shape configurations to determine if the measured object matches its expected configuration, as could be done behind an information barrier for arms control treaty verification inspections.
Sword, Eric D [ORNL; McConchie, Seth M [ORNL
Meshless modeling of deformable shapes and their motion
We present a new framework for interactive shape deformation modeling and key frame interpolation based on a meshless finite element formulation. Starting from a coarse nodal sampling of an object's volume, we formulate rigidity and volume preservation ...
Bart Adams; Maks Ovsjanikov; Michael Wand; Hans-Peter Seidel; Leonidas J. Guibas
Gas Mileage Tips - Keeping Your Vehicle in Shape
Keeping Your Car In Shape Keep Your Engine Properly Tuned Getting a tune-up Fixing a car that is noticeably out of tune or has failed an emissions test can improve its gas mileage...
The strong octupole correlations in the mass region $A\\approx 226$ are interpreted as rotation-induced condensation of octupole phonons having their angular momentum aligned with the rotational axis. Discrete phonon energy and parity conservation generate oscillations of the energy difference between the lowest rotational bands with positive and negative parity. Anharmonicities tend to synchronize the the rotation of the condensate and the quadrupole shape of the nucleus forming a rotating heart shape.
S. Frauendorf
Shaped nanocrystal particles and methods for working the same
Shaped nanocrystal particles and methods for making shaped nanocrystal particles are disclosed. One embodiment includes a method for forming a branched, nanocrystal particle. It includes (a) forming a core having a first crystal structure in a solution, (b) forming a first arm extending from the core having a second crystal structure in the solution, and (c) forming a second arm extending from the core having the second crystal structure in the solution.
Alivisatos, A. Paul (Oakland, CA); Sher, Eric C. (Menlo Park, CA); Manna, Liberato (Berkeley, CA)
Shaped nanocrystal particles and methods for making the same
Alivisatos, A. Paul (Oakland, CA); Scher, Erik C. (Menlo Park, CA); Manna, Liberato (Berkeley, CA)
Shaped Nonocrystal Particles And Methods For Making The Same
Experimental generation of ring-shaped beams with random sources
We have experimentally reproduced ring shaped beams from the scattered Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel- Gaussian beams. A rotating ground glass plate is used as a scattering medium and a plano convex lens collects the scattered light to generate ring shaped beams at the Fourier plane. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results of Mei and Korotkova (Opt. Lett. 38, 91{93 (2013)).
Reddy, Salla Gangi; Prabhakar, Shashi; Singh, R P
Argonne CNM Highlight: Understanding Nanocrystal Shapes through Simulation
Understanding Nanocrystal Shapes through Simulation Understanding Nanocrystal Shapes through Simulation A. Barnard Anatase Nanocrystals Nanoparticles of various materials have been found to possess a number of remarkable properties that depend upon their finite size. In many cases however, these desirable properties may also be a function of the morphology of the nanoparticle. Experimental evidence suggests that the shape of nanomaterials is affected by such factors as size, temperature, pressure, and the chemical environment. Observations of this type invite the question: Can the shape of nanoparticles be controlled, or do thermodynamic processes rule at the nanoscale? Researchers at the Virtual Fab Lab are using theoretical models and high-performance computing to investigate the physical principles responsible for the shape of nanocrystals and ways in which they may be manipulated. Calculations involving isolated nanoparticles (even small structures such as the anatase nanocrystals shown here) can be very computationally intensive, especially when trying to simulate the effects of particles in solution. It may also be difficult to determine whether the results of such calculations are archetypal or are representative only of the particular prototype structure. By developing a new theory for the phase stability of nanomaterials as a function of size and shape, we can eliminate much of this ambiguity. Ab initio computational methods are used to obtain a set of key parameters for the model that may then be used to examine how shape affects processes such as phase transitions. Alternatively, the model may be used to determine the experimental conditions necessary to achieve a particular shape that may be required for a specific application.
Geometry and context for semantic correspondences and functionality recognition in man-made 3D shapes
We address the problem of automatic recognition of functional parts of man-made 3D shapes in the presence of significant geometric and topological variations. We observe that under such challenging circumstances, the context of a part within a 3D shape ... Keywords: 3D shape segmentation, graph kernels, shape correspondence, shape similarity
Hamid Laga, Michela Mortara, Michela Spagnuolo
Long Term World Oil Supply
0 0 Notes: The following pages summarize a recent EIA presentation on estimates of the world conventional oil resource base and the year when production from it will peak and then begin to decline. A version of this presentation was given by former EIA Administrator Jay Hakes to the April 18, 2000 meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in New Orleans, Louisiana. Specific information about this presentation may be obtained from John Wood (firstname.lastname@example.com), Gary Long (firstname.lastname@example.com) or David Morehouse (firstname.lastname@example.com). Long Term World Oil Supply http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/presentations/2000/long_term_supply/sld001.htm [8/10/2000 4:56:23 PM] Slide 2 of 20 http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/presentations/2000/long_term_supply/sld002.htm [8/10/2000 4:56:24 PM]
EPAct Transportation Regulatory Activities: Key Terms
Key Terms Key Terms to someone by E-mail Share EPAct Transportation Regulatory Activities: Key Terms on Facebook Tweet about EPAct Transportation Regulatory Activities: Key Terms on Twitter Bookmark EPAct Transportation Regulatory Activities: Key Terms on Google Bookmark EPAct Transportation Regulatory Activities: Key Terms on Delicious Rank EPAct Transportation Regulatory Activities: Key Terms on Digg Find More places to share EPAct Transportation Regulatory Activities: Key Terms on AddThis.com... Home About Covered Fleets Compliance Methods Alternative Fuel Petitions Resources Guidance Documents Statutes & Regulations Program Annual Reports Fact Sheets Newsletter Case Studies Workshops Tools Key Terms FAQs Key Terms The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) includes specific terminology related to
Passive NMIS Measurements to Estimate the Shape of Plutonium Assemblies
A new technique to estimate the shape attribute of plutonium assemblies using the Nuclear Materials Identification System (NMIS) is described. The proposed method possesses a number of advantages. It is passive no external radiation source is required to estimate the shape of plutonium assemblies. Instead, inherent gamma and neutron emissions from spontaneous fission of {sup 240}Pu and subsequent induced fission of {sup 239}Pu are detected to estimate the shape attribute. The technique is also stationary: shape is estimated without scanning the assembly by moving the detectors relative to the assembly. The proposed method measures third order correlations between triplets of gamma/neutron-sensitive detectors. The real coincidence of a pair of gammas is used as a ''trigger'' to approximately identify the time of a spontaneous or induced fission event. The spatial location of this fission event is inferred from the real coincidence of a subsequent neutron with the initial pair of correlated gammas by using the neutron's time-of-flight (approximately the delay between the gamma pair and the neutron) and the fission neutron spectra of {sup 240}Pu and {sup 239}Pu. The spatial distribution of fission sites and hence the approximate shape of the plutonium assembly is thereby inferred by measuring the distribution of a large number of these correlated triplets. Proof-of-principle measurements were performed using {sup 252}Cf as a surrogate for {sup 240}Pu to demonstrate that the technique is feasible. For the simple shapes approximated with {sup 252}Cf sources, the measurements showed that the proposed method is capable of correctly identifying the shape and accurately estimating its size to within a few percent of actual.
Mattingly, J.K.; Chiang, L.G.; March-Leuba, J.A.; Mihalczo, J.T.; Mullens, J.A.; Perez, R.B.; Valentine, T.E.
Most radiation from galaxies containing active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is emitted not by the stars composing the galaxy, but from an active source at the galactic center, most likely a supermassive black hole. Of particular interest are radio galaxies, active galaxies that emit much of their radiation at radio wavelengths. Within each radio galaxy, an AGN powers a pair of collimated jets of relativistic particles, forming a pair of giant lobes at the end of the jets and thus giving a characteristic double-lobed appearance. A particular class of radio galaxies has an �X�-or winged-shaped morphology: in these, two pairs of lobes appear to originate from the galactic center, producing a distinctive X-shape. Two main mechanisms have been proposed to explain the X-shape morphology: one being a realignment of the black hole within the AGN and the second positing that the radio jets are expanding into an asymmetric medium, causing backflow and producing secondary wings. By analyzing radio host galaxy shapes, the distribution of the stellar mass is compared to the differing model expectations regarding the distribution of the surrounding gas and stellar material about the AGN. Results show elliptical host galaxies with an orthogonal offset between the semi-major axis of the host galaxy and the secondary radio wings, which lends support to the hydrodynamical model. However, results also show circular host galaxies with radio wings, making the realignment scenario a more likely model to describe the formation of these X-shaped radio sources.
Springmann, A.; Cheung, C.
Method for fabrication of cylindrical microlenses of selected shape
The present invention provides a diffraction limited, high numerical aperture (fast) cylindrical microlens. The method for making the microlens is adaptable to produce a cylindrical lens that has almost any shape on its optical surfaces. The cylindrical lens may have a shape, such as elliptical or hyperbolic, designed to transform some particular given input light distribution into some desired output light distribution. In the method, the desired shape is first formed in a glass preform. Then, the preform is heated to the minimum drawing temperature and a fiber is drawn from it. The cross-sectional shape of the fiber bears a direct relation to the shape of the preform from which it was drawn. During the drawing process, the surfaces become optically smooth due to fire polishing. The present invention has many applications, such as integrated optics, optical detectors and laser diodes. The lens, when connected to a laser diode bar, can provide a high intensity source of laser radiation for pumping a high average power solid state laser. In integrated optics, a lens can be used to couple light into and out of apertures such as waveguides. The lens can also be used to collect light, and focus it on a detector.
Snyder, James J. (San Jose, CA); Baer, Thomas M. (San Jose, CA)
The present invention provides a diffraction limited, high numerical aperture (fast) cylindrical microlens. The method for making the microlens is adaptable to produce a cylindrical lens that has almost any shape on its optical surfaces. The cylindrical lens may have a shape, such as elliptical or hyperbolic, designed to transform some particular given input light distribution into some desired output light distribution. In the method, the desired shape is first formed in a glass preform. Then, the preform is heated to the minimum drawing temperature and a fiber is drawn from it. The cross-sectional shape of the fiber bears a direct relation to the shape of the preform from which it was drawn. During the drawing process, the surfaces become optically smooth due to fire polishing. The present invention has many applications, such as integrated optics, optical detectors and laser diodes. The lens, when connected to a laser diode bar, can provide a high intensity source of laser radiation for pumping a high average power solid state laser. In integrated optics, a lens can be used to couple light into and out of apertures such as waveguides. The lens can also be used to collect light, and focus it on a detector. 11 figs.
Snyder, J.J.; Baer, T.M.
GMRT study of X-shaped radio sources
Context. The nature of X-shaped sources is a matter of considerable debate in the literature: it has even been proposed that they provide evidence for black-hole-mergers/spin-reorientation, and therefore constrain the rate of strong gravitational wave events. Aim. To explore the nature of these X-shaped radio galaxies. Method. We conduct a systematic study of a large sample of known and newly discovered X-shaped sources along with a comparison sample. We used the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope with resolution of $\\sim6^{\\prime\\prime}$ to $\\sim15^{\\prime\\prime}$ at 610 MHz and 240 MHz in the dual-frequency mode. Preliminary Result. Based on our careful analysis and estimation of the possible systematic errors, the known X-shaped sources divide into the following three categories: (i) the wings have flatter spectral indices than the active lobes, (ii) the wings and the active lobes have comparable spectral indices, and (iii) the wings have steeper spectral indices than the active lobes. In addition, based on our preliminary analysis, one sample source from our comparison sample shows a spectral index result belonging to category (i). Future. Milliarcsecond scale imaging will be conducted on some of these X-shaped sources to investigate if they are examples of binary AGN systems and thereby understand the nature of these sources.
Dharam Vir Lal; A. Pramesh Rao; Martin J. Hardcastle; C. C. Cheung; Sanjay Bhatnagar; Ralph P. Kraft; Andrei P. Lobanov; Anton J. Zensus
Modeling reducibility on ground terms using constraints
Modeling reducibility on ground terms using constraints Isabelle GNAEDIGa , H´el`ene KIRCHNERb a on ground terms using (dis)equational constraints. We show in particular that innermost (ir)reducibility can on the ground term algebra that any rewriting chain starting from any term termi- nates, provided that terms
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Asymptotically almost all -terms are strongly normalizing
Asymptotically almost all -terms are strongly normalizing Ren´e David, Christophe Raffalli) properties of random -terms. Our main results show that asymptotically, almost all terms are strongly normalizing and that any fixed closed term almost never appears in a random term. Surprisingly, in combinatory
Asymptotically almost all -terms are strongly normalizing Ren´e David, Christophe Raffalli) properties of random -terms. Our main results are that asymptotically all the terms are strongly normalizing and that any fixed closed term almost never appears in a random term. Surprisingly, in combinatory logic (the
In-Situ Synthesis of Shape Memory Alloy-Nitinol by Laser Direct ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Shape Memory Alloys. Presentation Title, In-Situ Synthesis of Shape Memory�...
Dynein Motor Domain Shows Ring-Shaped Motor, Buttress Print Dynein Motor Domain Shows Ring-Shaped Motor, Buttress Print Movement is fundamental to life. It takes place even at the cellular level where cargo is continually being transported by motor proteins. These tiny machines convert the energy gained from hydrolysing ATP into a series of small conformational changes that allow them to literally "walk" along microscopic tracks. Motor proteins (in the kinesin and myosin families) have been extensively studied by x-ray crystallography, but until recently there was little molecular structural information for dyneins, another type of motor protein. A group from the University of California, San Francisco, working at ALS Beamline 8.3.1 has reported the 6-Å-resolution structure of the motor domain of dynein in yeast. It reveals details of the ring-shaped motor as well as a new, unanticipated feature called the buttress that may play an important role in dynein's mechanical cycle.
L-Shaped Flume Wave Basin | Open Energy Information
L-Shaped Flume Wave Basin L-Shaped Flume Wave Basin Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name L-Shaped Flume Wave Basin Overseeing Organization United States Army Corp of Engineers (ERDC) Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Wave Basin Length(m) 76.2 Beam(m) 15.2 Depth(m) 1.8 Water Type Freshwater Special Physical Features Contact POC Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities Yes Maximum Wave Height(m) 0.6 Maximum Wave Height(m) at Wave Period(s) 10.0 Wave Period Range(s) 10.0 Current Velocity Range(m/s) 0.0 Programmable Wavemaking Yes Wave Direction Uni-Directional Simulated Beach No Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume None Wind Capabilities Wind Capabilities None Control and Data Acquisition Description Automated data acquisition and control sys
Method and system for producing complex-shape objects
A method and system are provided for producing complex, three-dimensional, net shape objects from a variety of powdered materials. The system includes unique components to ensure a uniform and continuous flow of powdered materials as well as to focus and locate the flow of powdered materials with respect to a laser beam which results in the melting of the powdered material. The system also includes a controller so that the flow of molten powdered materials can map out and form complex, three-dimensional, net-shape objects by layering the molten powdered material. Advantageously, such complex, three-dimensional net-shape objects can be produced having material densities varying from 90% of theoretical to fully dense, as well as a variety of controlled physical properties. Additionally, such complex, three-dimensional objects can be produced from two or more different materials so that the composition of the object can be transitioned from one material to another.
Jeantette, Francisco P. (Albuquerque, NM); Keicher, David M. (Albuquerque, NM); Romero, Joseph A. (Albuquerque, NM); Schanwald, Lee P. (Albuquerque, NM)
Industrial Load Shaping: A Utility Strategy to Deal with Competition
In recent years competition from various sources such as cogeneration and bypass has led many utilities to refocus attention on their large industrial customers. Industrial load shaping is a customized program involving cost-effective process modifications and operational changes which result in a restructuring of the electric load profile of individual manufacturing facilities. Both the customer and the utility should realize benefits from these changes. There are five generic load shaping categories: rescheduling operations, capacity additions, product storage, automation and flexible manufacturing and electrotechnologies. The customized nature of the program requires that the utility work with industry experts to help customers identify specific load shape opportunities. The remainder of this paper provides guidelines for utility planners interested in developing such a program. It begins with an overview of general objectives, technology alternatives, market evaluation and selection criteria, and program implementation and monitoring procedures. The paper concludes with two utility case studies.
Bules, D.
Electron beam machining using rotating and shaped beam power distribution
An apparatus and method for electron beam (EB) machining (drilling, cutting and welding) that uses conventional EB guns, power supplies, and welding machine technology without the need for fast bias pulsing technology. The invention involves a magnetic lensing (EB optics) system and electronic controls to: 1) concurrently bend, focus, shape, scan, and rotate the beam to protect the EB gun and to create a desired effective power-density distribution, and 2) rotate or scan this shaped beam in a controlled way. The shaped beam power-density distribution can be measured using a tomographic imaging system. For example, the EB apparatus of this invention has the ability to drill holes in metal having a diameter up to 1000 .mu.m (1 mm or larger), compared to the 250 .mu.m diameter of laser drilling.
Elmer, John W. (Pleasanton, CA); O' Brien, Dennis W. (Livermore, CA)
A Bayesian Approach for Image Segmentation with Shape Priors
Color and texture have been widely used in image segmentation; however, their performance is often hindered by scene ambiguities, overlapping objects, or missingparts. In this paper, we propose an interactive image segmentation approach with shape prior models within a Bayesian framework. Interactive features, through mouse strokes, reduce ambiguities, and the incorporation of shape priors enhances quality of the segmentation where color and/or texture are not solely adequate. The novelties of our approach are in (i) formulating the segmentation problem in a well-de?ned Bayesian framework with multiple shape priors, (ii) ef?ciently estimating parameters of the Bayesian model, and (iii) multi-object segmentation through user-speci?ed priors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a set of natural and synthetic images.
Chang, Hang; Yang, Qing; Parvin, Bahram
Method of preparing a two-way shape memory alloy
A two-way shape memory alloy, a method of training a shape memory alloy, and a heat engine employing the two-way shape memory alloy to do external work during both heating and cooling phases are disclosed. The alloy is heated under a first training stress to a temperature which is above the upper operating temperature of the alloy, then cooled to a cold temperature below the zero-force transition temperature of the alloy, then deformed while applying a second training stress which is greater in magnitude than the stress at which the alloy is to be operated, then heated back to the hot temperature, changing from the second training stress back to the first training stress. 8 figs.
Johnson, A.D.
A two-way shape memory alloy, a method of training a shape memory alloy, and a heat engine employing the two-way shape memory alloy to do external work during both heating and cooling phases. The alloy is heated under a first training stress to a temperature which is above the upper operating temperature of the alloy, then cooled to a cold temperature below the zero-force transition temperature of the alloy, then deformed while applying a second training stress which is greater in magnitude than the stress at which the alloy is to be operated, then heated back to the hot temperature, changing from the second training stress back to the first training stress.
Johnson, Alfred D. (5383 Bancroft Ave., Oakland, CA 94601)
Long-Term Surveillance Plan...
AL/62350-235 AL/62350-235 REV. 1 LONG-TERM SURVEILLANCE PLAN FOR THE ESTES GULCH DISPOSAL SITE NEAR RIFLE, COLORADO November 1997 DOE and DOE contractors can obtain copies of this report from: Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (615) 576-8401 This report is publicly available from: National Technical Information Service Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 (703) 487-4650 Long-Term Surveillance Plan for the Estes Gulch Disposal Site Near Rifle... http://lts1.lm.doe.gov/documents/rfl/ltsp.html 1 of 25 5/20/2009 1:38 PM Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Restoration Division UMTRA Project Team Albuquerque, New Mexico Prepared by Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. Albuquerque, New Mexico
3 3 1 Short-Term Energy Outlook April 2003 Overview World Oil Markets. Crude oil prices fell sharply at the onset of war in Iraq, but the initial declines probably overshot levels that we consider to be generally consistent with fundamental factors in the world oil market. Thus, while near-term price averages are likely to be below our previous projections, the baseline outlook for crude oil prices (while generally lower) is not drastically different and includes an average for spot West Texas Intermediate (WTI) that is close to $30 per barrel in 2003 (Figure 1). The mix of uncertainties related to key oil production areas has changed since last month, as Venezuelan production has accelerated beyond previous estimates while Nigerian output has been reduced due to internal conflict.
Dirac bound state solutions of spherically ring-shaped q-deformed Woods-Saxon potential for any L-state
Approximate bound state solutions of the Dirac equation with -deformed Woods-Saxon plus a new generalized ring-shaped potential are obtained for any arbitrary L-state. The energy eigenvalue equation and corresponding two-component wave function are calculated by solving the radial and angular wave equations within a shortcut of the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The solutions of the radial and polar angular parts of the wave function are expressed in terms of the Jacobi polynomials. A new approximation being expressed in terms of the potential parameters is carried out to deal with the strong singular centrifugal potential term L(L+1)/r^2. Under some limitations, we can obtain solution for the ring-shaped Hulth\\'en potential and the standard usual spherical Woods-Saxon potential (q=1).
Sameer M. Ikhdair; Majid Hamzavi
One: The California Long-Term Outlook
THE CALIFORNIA LONG-TERM OUTLOOK Tom K. Lieser, ExecutiveThe California Long-Term Outlook: Projections to 2020," TheThe California Long-Term Outlook: Projections to 2020," The
Lieser, Tom K
GLOSSARY OF WATER RESOURCES TERMS Compiled by
#12;GLOSSARY OF WATER RESOURCES TERMS Compiled by WRRC Staff D.C. Water Resources Research Center.........................................................................................................................03 Part I Glossary of Terms;PREFACE The glossary of water research terms was compiled from a variety of other glossaries, dictionaries
District of Columbia, University of the
Glossary of Health Coverage and Medical Terms
Glossary of Health Coverage and Medical Terms Page 1 of 4 Glossary of Health Coverage and Medical Terms * This glossary has many commonly used terms, but isn't a full list. These...
Applications of shape analysis to domestic and international security.
The rapidly growing area of cooperative international security calls for pervasive deployment of smart sensors that render valuable information and reduce operational costs and errors. Among the sensors used, vision sensors are by far the most versatile, tangible, and rich in the information they provide about their environment. On the flip side, they are also the most complex to analyze automatically for the extraction of high-level information. The ability to process imagery in a useful manner requires at least partial functional emulation of human capabilities of visual understanding. Of all visual cues available in image data, shape is perhaps the most important for understanding the content of an image. In this paper we present an overview of ongoing research at LANL on geometric shape analysis. The objective of our research is to develop a computational framework for multiscale characterization, analysis, and recognition of shapes. This framework will enable the development of a comprehensive and connected body of mathematical methods and algorithms, based on the topological, metrical, and morphological properties of shapes. We discuss its potential applications to automated surveillance, monitoring, container tracking and inspection, weapons dismantlement, and treaty verification. The framework will develop a geometric filtering scheme for extracting semantically salient shape features. This effort creates a paradigm for solving shape-related problems in Pattern Recognition, Computer Vision, and Image Understanding in a conceptually cohesive and algorithmically amenable manner. The research aims to develop an advanced image analysis capability at LANL for solving a wide range of problems in automated facility surveillance, nuclear materials monitoring, treaty verification, and container inspection and tracking. The research provides the scientific underpinnings that will enable us to build smart surveillance cameras, with a direct practical impact on LANL's capabilities in domestic and international safeguards and security.
Prasad, Lakshman; Skourikhine, A. N. (Alexei N.); Doak, J. E. (Justin E.)
Plate-shape voids in neutron irradiated boron carbide
From symposium on pore structures and properties of materials; Prague, Czechoslovakia (18 Sep 1973). Several processes are known to produce lattice vacancies in sufficient excess of the thermal equilibrium concentration that they precipitate out as voids. In the case of certain nuclear transmutations, a solid solution of gas is simultaneously produced at a concentration corresponding to a high equilibrium pressure and, if this gas diffuses into the voids, the equilibrium shape for the void is a thin flat cavity. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine both the nucleation of such voids in neutron- irradiated boron carbide and their transformation to more compact shapes during fission gas release. (auth)
Ashbee, K.H.G.; DuBose, C.K.H.
Source shape determination with directional fragment-fragment velocity correlations
Correlation functions, constructed from directional projections of the relative velocities of fragments, are used to determine the shape of the breakup volume in coordinate space. For central collisions of 129Xe + natSn at 50 MeV per nucleon incident energy, measured with the 4pi multi-detector INDRA at GSI, a prolate shape aligned along the beam direction with an axis ratio of 1:0.7 is deduced. The sensitivity of the method is discussed in comparison with conventional fragment-fragment velocity correlations.
A. Le Fevre; C. Schwarz; G. Auger; M. L. Begemann-Blaich; N. Bellaize; R. Bittiger; F. Bocage; B. Borderie; R. Bougault; B. Bouriquet; J. L. Charvet; A. Chbihi; R. Dayras; D. Durand; J. D. Frankland; E. Galichet; D. Gourio; D. Guinet; S. Hudan; P. Lautesse; F. Lavaud; R. Legrain; O. Lopez; J. Lukasik; U. Lynen; W. F. J. Mueller; L. Nalpas; H. Orth; E. Plagnol; E. Rosato; A. Saija; C. Sfienti; B. Tamain; W. Trautmann; A. Trzcinski; K. Turzo; E. Vient; M. Vigilante; C. Volant; B. Zwieglinski
Equation; Pore Pressure Generation; Sources; Source Terms)In this paper, sources involving the generation of mass areincludes source terms for both fluid mass generation and
Narasimhan, T.N.
Glossary of Terms | Data.gov
Glossary of Terms Term Definition API (source: howto.govapi) An Application Programming Interface, or API, is a set of software instructions and standards that allows machine to...
EMSL: User Access: Terms and Conditions
Terms and Conditions The following terms and conditions apply for using EMSL resources. Additional Information User Portal 2014 Call for Proposals 2014 Proposal Guidance 2014...
Lighting Principles and Terms | Department of Energy
Principles and Terms Lighting Principles and Terms July 29, 2012 - 5:20pm Addthis Light quantity, energy consumption, and light quality are the basic principles of lighting. |...
Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Explains Unidirectionality Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Explains Unidirectionality Print Wednesday, 28 April 2010 00:00 Hexameric motor proteins represent a complex class of molecular machines that variously push and pull on biological molecules using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as chemical fuel. A specialized class of ring-shaped motor proteins, hexameric helicases, can unwind DNA strands and perform large-scale manipulations of single-stranded nucleic acids in processes such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and gene expression. To understand how certain hexameric helicases walk with directional polarity along single-stranded nucleic acids, Berkeley researchers used x-ray crystallography at the ALS to solve the structure of a hexameric helicase, the Rho transcription termination factor (from E. coli), bound to both ATP mimics and an RNA substrate. The results showed that Rho functions like a rotary engine: as the motor spins, it pulls RNA strands through its interior. Interestingly, the rotary firing order of the motor is biased so that the Rho protein can walk in only one direction along the RNA chain.
Crystallographic Boundary in a Crystallographic Boundary in a Magnetic Shape Memory Material Crystallographic Boundary in a Magnetic Shape Memory Material Print Wednesday, 18 April 2012 11:37 A research team has shown the existence of a special structural boundary in an intermetallic compound by combining the unique measurement facilities at the ALS, the single-crystal production capabilities of Tohoku University (Japan), and the materials science expertise of Johannes-Gutenberg-University (Germany). Conventional shape memory materials, such as the commercially available Nitinol (an alloy of nickel and titanium used in microsensing, actuation, and medical devices), undergo a phase transformation with cooling or heating when large areas of a sample distort along a single axis, and where the atomic-unit cell "stretching" from a cube to a rectangular prism occurs. In contrast, magnetic shape memory (MSM) materials are much more rare but have an advantage: The axis of magnetic anisotropy is coupled to the direction of stretching, so a perfect MSM crystal can be made to flex and bend reversibly by applying an external magnetic field.
Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Explains Unidirectionality Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Explains Unidirectionality Print Wednesday, 28 April 2010 00:00 Hexameric motor proteins represent a complex class of molecular machines that variously push and pull on biological molecules using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as chemical fuel. A specialized class of ring-shaped motor proteins, hexameric helicases, can unwind DNA strands and perform large-scale manipulations of single-stranded nucleic acids in processes such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and gene expression. To understand how certain hexameric helicases walk with directional polarity along single-stranded nucleic acids, Berkeley researchers used x-ray crystallography at the ALS to solve the structure of a hexameric helicase, the Rho transcription termination factor (from E. coli), bound to both ATP mimics and an RNA substrate. The results showed that Rho functions like a rotary engine: as the motor spins, it pulls RNA strands through its interior. Interestingly, the rotary firing order of the motor is biased so that the Rho protein can walk in only one direction along the RNA chain.
Fermi acceleration in chaotic shape-preserving billiards
We study theoretically and numerically the velocity dynamics of fully chaotic time-dependent shape-preserving billiards. The average velocity of an ensemble of initial conditions generally asymptotically follows the power law $v = n^{\\beta}$ with respect to the number of collisions n. If the shape of the chaotic time-dependent billiard is not preserved it is well known that the acceleration exponent is $\\beta = 1/2$. We show, on the other hand, that if the shape of the billiard is preserved then the only possible values of $\\beta$ are $1/4$, $1/6$ and in a special case $0$. We show that the value of $\\beta$ is determined solely by whether the angular momentum of the billiard is preserved or not. Our theory is centered around the detailed study of the energy fluctuations in the adiabatic limit. We show that three quantities, two scalars and one tensor, completely determine the energy fluctuations of the billiard for arbitrary time-dependent shape-preserving transformations. Finally we provide several interesting numerical examples all in a perfect agreement with the theory.
Benjamin Batisti?
Host Galaxies of X-Shaped Radio Sources
The majority of radiation from galaxies containing active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is emitted not by the stars composing the galaxy, but from an active source at the galactic center, most likely a supermassive black hole. Of particular interest are radio galaxies, the active galaxies emitting much of their radiation at radio wavelengths. Within each radio galaxy, an AGN powers a pair of collimated jets of relativistic particles, forming a pair of giant lobes at the end of the jets and thus giving a characteristic double-lobed appearance. A particular class of radio galaxies have an ''X''-shaped morphology: in these, two pairs of lobes appear to originate from the galactic center, producing a distinctive X-shape. Two main mechanisms have been proposed to explain the X-shape morphology: one being through the merger of a binary supermassive black hole system and the second being that the radio jets are expanding into an asymmetric medium. By analyzing radio host galaxy shapes, we probe the distribution of the stellar mass to compare the differing model expectations regarding the distribution of the surrounding gas and stellar material about the AGN.
Springmann, Alessondra; /Wellesley Coll. /SLAC
Power Shape Monitoring System (PSMS), Volume 1: Overview and Performance
Volume 1 provides an overview of the first-generation power shape monitoring system (PSMS) for BWRs, which has been undergoing field testing at the Oyster Creek nuclear plant. The system's functional requirements and its hardware and software are described. The accuracy of the Oyster Creek PSMS is evaluated--specifically, its power prediction capabilities.
Retrographic sensing for the measurement of surface texture and shape
We describe a novel device that can be used as a 2.5D "scanner" for acquiring surface texture and shape. The device consists of a slab of clear elastomer covered with a reflective skin. When an object presses on the skin, ...
Adelson, Edward H.
The shapes, orientation, and alignment of Galactic dark matter subhalos
We present a study of the shapes, orientations, and alignments of Galactic dark matter subhalos in the ``Via Lactea'' simulation of a Milky Way-size LCDM host halo. Whereas isolated dark matter halos tend to be prolate, subhalos are predominantly triaxial. Overall subhalos are more spherical than the host halo, with minor to major and intermediate to major axis ratios of 0.68 and 0.83, respectively. Like isolated halos, subhalos tend to be less spherical in their central regions. The principal axis ratios are independent of subhalo mass, when the shapes are measured within a physical scale like r_Vmax, the radius of the peak of the circular velocity curve. Subhalos tend to be slightly more spherical closer to the host halo center. The spatial distribution of the subhalos traces the prolate shape of the host halo when they are selected by the largest V_max they ever had, i.e. before they experienced strong tidal mass loss. The subhalos' orientation is not random: the major axis tends to align with the direction towards the host halo center. This alignment disappears for halos beyond 3 r_200 and is more pronounced when the shapes are measured in the outer regions of the subhalos. The radial alignment is preserved during a subhalo's orbit and they become elongated during pericenter passage, indicating that the alignment is likely caused by the host halo's tidal forces. These tidal interactions with the host halo act to make subhalos rounder over time.
M. Kuhlen; J. Diemand; P. Madau
ShapingTHE FUTURE Biofuels or food? Quest for land
ShapingTHE FUTURE Biofuels or food? Quest for land poses a threat to poor women in Africa. PAGE 4 an impetus both for biofuels and for `green artificial fertiliser'." n TEXT: DAVID STEPHANSSON Even better countries. It is estim- ated that biofuels accounted for 30 per cent of the increase in grain prices from
A traffic shaping optimization methodology for web systems
In recent years, computer networks have been characterized by heterogeneous traffic and dynamic management of different kinds of services. The web and network requirements have increased within time and, since bandwidth is limited, it becomes necessary ... Keywords: QoS, internet services, optimization, traffic shaping, world wide web
Caio Mesquita, Ulisses Cavalca, Adriano C.M. Pereira, Eduardo G. Carrano
Small Cloud Particle Shapes in Mixed-Phase Clouds
The shapes of cloud particles with maximum dimensions Dmax between 35 and 60 ?m in mixed-phase clouds were studied using high-resolution particle images collected by a cloud particle imager (CPI) during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-...
Greg M. McFarquhar; Junshik Um; Robert Jackson
On Crevecoeur's bathtub-shaped failure rate model
Crevecoeur (1993) developed a three-parameter bathtub-shaped failure rate model that enjoys nice mathematical properties and justification from engineering perspectives. In this paper, we derive the explicit formulas for the maximum likelihood estimation ... Keywords: Bathtub curve, Censoring, Failure rate, Lifetime failure data, Maximum likelihood estimation, Poisson process, Reliability, Repairable system
Junfeng Liu; Yi Wang
Microwave sintering of single plate-shaped articles
Apparatus and method for high temperature sintering of plate-shaped articles of alumina, magnesia, silica, yttria, zirconia, and mixtures thereof using microwave radiation. An article is placed within a sintering structure located within a sintering container which is placed in a microwave cavity for heating. The rates at which heating and cooling take place is controlled.
Katz, Joel D. (Los Alamos, NM); Blake, Rodger D. (Tucson, AZ)
China's News Media: Transition Shaped by Power and Money
China's News Media: Transition Shaped by Power and Money EAST ASIA INSTITUTE of CommunicaDon, gave a lecture on August 31, 2010 Dtled China's News Media: Transi1on Dr. Zhang examined the changes made throughout China's history. Many guests
Dodla, Ramana
Non-Axisymmetric Shaping of Tokamaks Preserving Quasi-Axisymmetry
If quasi-axisymmetry is preserved, non-axisymmetric shaping can be used to design tokamaks that do not require current drive, are resilient to disruptions, and have robust plasma stability without feedback. Suggestions for addressing the critical issues of tokamaks can only be validated when presented with sufficient specificity that validating experiments can be designed. The purpose of this paper is provide that specificity for non-axisymmetric shaping. To our knowledge, no other suggestions for the solution of a number of tokamak issues, such as disruptions, have reached this level of specificity. Sequences of three-field-period quasi-axisymmetric plasmas are studied. These sequences address the questions: (1) What can be achieved at various levels of non-axisymmetric shaping? (2) What simplifications to the coils can be achieved by going to a larger aspect ratio? (3) What range of shaping can be achieved in a single experimental facility? The sequences of plasmas found in this study provide a set of interesting and potentially important configurations.
Long-Poe Ku and Allen H. Boozer
Pennsylvania Source Term Tracking System
The Pennsylvania Source Term Tracking System tabulates surveys received from radioactive waste generators in the Commonwealth of radioactive waste is collected each quarter from generators using the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Quarterly Report Form (hereafter called the survey) and then entered into the tracking system data base. This personal computer-based tracking system can generate 12 types of tracking reports. The first four sections of this reference manual supply complete instructions for installing and setting up the tracking system on a PC. Section 5 presents instructions for entering quarterly survey data, and Section 6 discusses generating reports. The appendix includes samples of each report.
Deriving the shape factor of a fractured rock matrix
Fluid flow from a fractured rock matrix was investigated for accurately predicting oil recovery from fractured reservoirs. To relate the oil rate with rock geometry and average rock matrix pressure, a shape factor is used in the mathematical model of fractured reservoirs. The shape factor in the transfer function was derived by solving the three-dimensional diffusivity equation of a rock matrix block under unsteady-state production, in contrast to the quasi-steady-state condition assumed by most previous studies denoted in the literature. The diffusivity equation in the x, y, and z coordinate was solved in four cases by assuming different boundary conditions of (1) constant fracture pressure; (2) constant flow rate; (3) constant fracture pressure followed by linearly declining fracture pressure; and (4) linearly declining fracture pressure followed by constant fracture pressure. Shape factor values are high at the initial depletion stage under an unsteady-state condition. When the fracture pressure is constant, the shape factor converges to {pi}{sup 2}/L{sup 2}, 2{pi}{sup 2}/L{sup 2}, and 3{pi}{sup 2}/L{sup 2} for one-, two-, and three-dimensional rock matrix, respectively, at the dimensionless time ({tau}) of about 0.1. When the flow rate between the rock matrix and the fracture is constant, the fracture pressure varies with location on the rock surface. Based on the average fracture pressure, the shape factor decreases with production time until a {tau} value of 0.1 is reached. The boundary conditions of constant fracture pressure followed by a constant decline in fracture pressure are equivalent to the condition of a constant fracture pressure followed by a period of constant flow rate.
Chang, Ming-Ming
Command shaping for residual vibration free crane maneuvers
Cranes used in the construction and transportation industries are generally devices with multiple degrees of freedom including variable load-line length, variable jib length (usually via a trolley), and variable boom angles. Point-to-point payload maneuvers using cranes are performed so as not to excite the spherical pendulum modes of their cable and payload assemblies. Typically, these pendulum modes, although time-varying, exhibit low frequencies. Current crane maneuvers are therefore performed slowly contributing to high construction and transportation costs. This investigation details a general method for applying command shaping to various multiple degree of freedom cranes such that the payload moves to a specified point without residual oscillation. A dynamic programming method is used for general command shaping for optimal maneuvers. Computationally, the dynamic programming approach requires order M calculations to arrive at a solution, where M is the number of discretizations of the input commands. This feature is exploited for the crane command shaping problem allowing for rapid calculation of command histories. Fast generation of commands is a necessity for practical use of command shaping for the applications described in this work. These results are compared to near-optimal solutions where the commands are linear combinations of acceleration pulse basis functions. The pulse shape is required due to hardware requirements. The weights on the basis functions are chosen as the solution to a parameter optimization problem solved using a Recursive Quadratic Programming technique. Simulation results and experimental verification for a variable load-line length rotary crane are presented using both design procedures.
Parker, G.G.; Petterson, B.; Dohrmann, C.; Robinett, R.D.
Advanced shape context for plant species identification using leaf image retrieval
This paper presents a novel method for leaf species identification combining local and shape-based features. Our approach extends the shape context model in two ways. First of all, two different sets of points are distinguished when computing the shape ... Keywords: image retrieval, plant species identification, shape context
Sofiene Mouine; Itheri Yahiaoui; Anne Verroust-Blondet
Spectral-Driven Isometry-Invariant Matching of 3D Shapes
This paper presents a matching method for 3D shapes, which comprises a new technique for surface sampling and two algorithms for matching 3D shapes based on point-based statistical shape descriptors. Our sampling technique is based on critical points ... Keywords: 3D model retrieval, Feature points, Isometry-invariant matching, Laplace-Beltrami operator, Local statistical shape descriptors
Mauro R. Ruggeri; Giuseppe Patan�; Michela Spagnuolo; Dietmar Saupe
Shape prior model for media-adventitia border segmentation in IVUS using graph cut
We present a shape prior based graph cut method which does not require user initialisation. The shape prior is generalised from multiple training shapes, rather than using singular templates as priors. Weighted directed graph construction is used to ... Keywords: IVUS, graph cut, image segmentation, shape prior
Ehab Essa; Xianghua Xie; Igor Sazonov; Perumal Nithiarasu; Dave Smith
Global structure constrained local shape prior estimation for medical image segmentation
Organ shape plays an important role in clinical diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment evaluation. Shape modeling is a critical factor affecting the performance of deformable model based segmentation methods for organ shape extraction. In most existing ... Keywords: Manifold assumption, Manifold learning, Medical image segmentation, Target-oriented shape modeling
Pingkun Yan, Wuxia Zhang, Baris Turkbey, Peter L. Choyke, Xuelong Li
Glossary of Metallurgical and Metalworking Terms
...A melting or holding furnace in which the molten metal is contained in a pot-shaped (hemispherical) shell. Electric heaters or fuel-fired burners outside the shell generate the heat that passes through the shell (crucible)
Counting and generating lambda terms Katarzyna Grygiel
Counting and generating lambda terms Katarzyna Grygiel Theoretical Computer Science Department assistants. However, few is known about combinatorial properties of lambda terms, in particular, about many terms of a given size are there? What is a "typical" structure of a simply typed term? Despite
On counting untyped lambda terms Pierre Lescanne
On counting untyped lambda terms Pierre Lescanne University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, 46 all´ee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France Abstract We present several results on counting untyped lambda terms, i.e., on telling how many terms belong to such or such class, according to the size of the terms and
On linear combinations of -terms Lionel Vaux
On linear combinations of -terms Lionel Vaux Institut de Math´ematiques de Luminy, CNRS UMR 6206, endowing the set of terms with a structure of R-module, where R is a fixed set of scalars. Terms with values in a vector space. We then extend -reduction on those algebraic -terms as follows: at + u reduces
Attachment 14 Special Terms and Conditions
Attachment 14 Exhibit D Special Terms and Conditions Exhbit D PON-12-605 Special Terms. By accepting this grant, Recipient as a material term of this agreement shall be fully responsible wage. Therefore, as a material term of this grant, Recipient must either: (a) Proceed on the assumption
Outlook positive over long term
The trends established in 1987 will be very important in reestablishing some level of confidence in future price expectations. The authors expect prices to fluctuate widely in the coming year as OPEC makes and breaks various production quota agreements. Continued price instability will certainly all but negate short term marginally economic exploration and development prospects. Utilization rates will suffer accordingly. But on the positive side, the long term outlook is considerably more stable. Rock-bottom prices will increase the demand for cheap oil substantially. We're already seeing world demand figures rise. Increased demand will cause the world's (mainly OPEC's) excess production to be depleted over the next three to five years. Prices will rise slowly in parallel with the decline in excess production capacity over several years. Banking on upward price pressure, financially sound operators with solid cash flow will want to take advantage of low exploration and development costs. Utilization, then, can be expected to follow oil prices in a slow upward spiral over the next three to five years. Next year, the industry should begin to feel the effect of the beginning of that upward trend.
Not Available
Wind Power Integration: Energy Storage for Firming and Shaping
With the rapid growth of wind power generation, utility systems are beginning to experience the intermittent and variable nature of wind resources in electricity transmission and distribution system operations. Both short-term power fluctuations resulting from gusty winds and longer term power output variations resulting from diurnal wind speed variations and shifting weather patterns can affect utility power delivery as well as grid operations. This report addresses the longer-term power variations of w...
Structure Function Analysis of Long Term Quasar Variability
In our second paper on long-term quasar variability, we employ a much larger database of quasars than in de Vries, Becker & White. This expanded sample, containing 35165 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 2, and 6413 additional quasars in the same area of the sky taken from the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey, allows us to significantly improve on our earlier conclusions. As before, all the historic quasar photometry has been calibrated onto the SDSS scale by using large numbers of calibration stars around each quasar position. We find the following: (1) the outbursts have an asymmetric light-curve profile, with a fast-rise, slow-decline shape; this argues against a scenario in which micro-lensing events along the line-of-sight to the quasars are dominating the long-term variations in quasars; (2) there is no turnover in the Structure Function of the quasars up to time-scales of ~40 years, and the increase in variability with increasing time-lags is monotonic and constant; and consequently, (3) there is not a single preferred characteristic outburst time-scale for the quasars, but most likely a continuum of outburst time-scales, (4) the magnitude of the quasar variability is a function of wavelength: variability increases toward the blue part of the spectrum, (5) high-luminosity quasars vary less than low-luminosity quasars, consistent with a scenario in which variations have limited absolute magnitude. Based on this, we conclude that quasar variability is intrinsic to the Active Galactic Nucleus, is caused by chromatic outbursts / flares with a limited luminosity range and varying time-scales, and which have an overall asymmetric light-curve shape. Currently the model that has the most promise of fitting the observations is based on accretion disk instabilities.
W. H. de Vries; R. H. Becker; R. L. White; C. Loomis
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
~- ~- 1 .. I I . I I I ' I I I I I t I ' 1 .. ~ * -. . * * , . -. * . - l' ** ... * . DOE/Al/62350-60F ~--- - · ---,~REV. 1 CONTROLLED COPY NO. United States Department of Energy LONG-TERM SURVEILLANCE PLAN fOR THE SHIPROCK DISPOSAL SITE; SHIPROCK, NEW MEXICO September 1994 Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project INTENDED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE This report has been reproduced from the best available copy. Available in paper copy and microfiche. Number of pages in this report: 1 1 3 DOE and DOE contractors can obtain copies of this report from: Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (615) 576-8401 This report is publicly available from: National Technical Information Service Department of Commerce
Efficient Computation of Topological Features from Point Data and Shapes |
Efficient Computation of Topological Features from Point Data and Shapes Efficient Computation of Topological Features from Point Data and Shapes January 16, 2014 10:30AM to 11:30AM Presenter Fengtao Fan, Postdoc Interviewee Location Building 240, Room 1404-1405 Type Seminar Series Abstract: The topological features of an object are features which are preserved while continuously deforming the object. Examples are the dimension of an object and the number of holes in it. In contrast, the geometric features of an object such as its volume can dramatically change under such deformations. The robustness of topological features makes them more appealing for analyzing objects in the presence of noise, which is inevitable in practice. Researchers in various areas such as topological data analysis, computer graphics, visualization, and sensor networks have
Neutron and Gamma Ray Pulse Shape Discrimination with Polyvinyltoluene
The goal of this was research effort was to test the ability of two poly vinyltoluene research samples to produce recordable, distinguishable signals in response to gamma rays and neutrons. Pulse shape discrimination was performed to identify if the signal was generated by a gamma ray or a neutron. A standard figure of merit for pulse shape discrimination was used to quantify the gamma-neutron pulse separation. Measurements were made with gamma and neutron sources with and without shielding. The best figure of merit obtained was 1.77; this figure of merit was achieved with the first sample in response to an un-moderated 252Cf source shielded with 5.08 cm of lead.
Lintereur, Azaree T.; Ely, James H.; Stave, Jean A.; McDonald, Benjamin S.
Effect of geometric shape on two-dimensional finite elements
Three quadrilateral elements are defined. These are an eight-nodal-point serendipity element (QUAD8s), a nine-nodal-point serendipity element (QUAD9s), and a nine-nodal-point quadrilateral element composed of two six-nodal-point triangular elements (QUAD9t). The effect that the geometric shape of the element has on the approximation function of each element is discussed. Two beam problems demonstrate that when the shape of the elements becomes skewed, the QUAD9t element significantly improves the calculated results. Finally, a recommendation is made for the QUAD8s and QUAD9t to be used together for the most efficient and accurate results.
Cook, W.A.
Scintillation time dependence and pulse shape discrimination in liquid argon
Using a single-phase liquid argon detector with a signal yield of 4.85 photoelectrons per keV of electronic-equivalent recoil energy (keVee), we measure the scintillation time dependence of both electronic and nuclear recoils in liquid argon down to 5 keVee. We develop two methods of pulse shape discrimination to distinguish between electronic and nuclear recoils. Using one of these methods, we measure a background- and statistics-limited level of electronic recoil contamination to be 7.6x10{sup -7} between 52 and 110 keV of nuclear recoil energy (keVr) for a nuclear recoil acceptance of 50% with no nuclear recoil-like events above 62 keVr. Finally, we develop a maximum likelihood method of pulse shape discrimination based on the measured scintillation time dependence.
Lippincott, W. H.; McKinsey, D. N.; Nikkel, J. A. [Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (United States); Coakley, K. J. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305 (United States); Gastler, D.; Kearns, E. [Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 (United States); Hime, A.; Stonehill, L. C. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)
Models for Metal Hydride Particle Shape, Packing, and Heat Transfer
A multiphysics modeling approach for heat conduction in metal hydride powders is presented, including particle shape distribution, size distribution, granular packing structure, and effective thermal conductivity. A statistical geometric model is presented that replicates features of particle size and shape distributions observed experimentally that result from cyclic hydride decreptitation. The quasi-static dense packing of a sample set of these particles is simulated via energy-based structural optimization methods. These particles jam (i.e., solidify) at a density (solid volume fraction) of 0.665+/-0.015 - higher than prior experimental estimates. Effective thermal conductivity of the jammed system is simulated and found to follow the behavior predicted by granular effective medium theory. Finally, a theory is presented that links the properties of bi-porous cohesive powders to the present systems based on recent experimental observations of jammed packings of fine powder. This theory produces quantitative experimental agreement with metal hydride powders of various compositions.
Kyle C. Smith; Timothy S. Fisher
Shape Tracking Methods for Graphics Recognition: a Short Survey
This paper deals with the first step. This one extracts graphical primitives which compose the graphical shapes of document images [9] [7]. This step employs many methods in order to extract different graphical primitive types : pixel, vectorial (vector, arc, and curve), region (subset of connected pixels on image), and symbol (a symbolic label). These graphical primitives are next organized into higher-level structures like graph
Mathieu Delalandre; Tony Pridmore; Eric Trupin; Jean-marc Ogier
This memo explains what Berkeley Lab has learned about how the residential central air-conditioning (CAC) end use is represented in the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). NEMS is an energy model maintained by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) that is routinely used in analysis of energy efficiency standards for residential appliances. As part of analyzing utility and environmental impacts related to the federal rulemaking for residential CAC, lower-than-expected peak utility results prompted Berkeley Lab to investigate the input load shapes that characterize the peaky CAC end use and the submodule that treats load demand response. Investigations enabled a through understanding of the methodology by which hourly load profiles are input to the model and how the model is structured to respond to peak demand. Notably, it was discovered that NEMS was using an October-peaking load shape to represent residential space cooling, which suppressed peak effects to levels lower than expected. An apparent scaling down of the annual load within the load-demand submodule was found, another significant suppressor of the peak impacts. EIA promptly responded to Berkeley Lab's discoveries by updating numerous load shapes for the AEO2002 version of NEMS; EIA is still studying the scaling issue. As a result of this work, it was concluded that Berkeley Lab's customary end-use decrement approach was the most defensible way for Berkeley Lab to perform the recent CAC utility impact analysis. This approach was applied in conjunction with the updated AEO2002 load shapes to perform last year's published rulemaking analysis. Berkeley Lab experimented with several alternative approaches, including modifying the CAC efficiency level, but determined that these did not sufficiently improve the robustness of the method or results to warrant their implementation. Work in this area will continue in preparation for upcoming rulemakings for the other peak coincident end uses, commercial air conditioning and distribution transformers.
Rimmed and edge thickened stodola shaped flywheel. [Patent application
A flywheel is described that is useful for energy storage in a hybrid vehicle automotive power system or in some stationary applications. The flywheel has a body composed of essentially planar isotropic high strength material. The flywheel body is enclosed by a rim of circumferentially wound fiber embedded in resin. The rim promotes flywheel safety and survivability. The flywheel has a truncated and edge thickened Stodola shape designed to optimize system mass and energy storage capability.
Optimal Heat Collection Element Shapes for Parabolic Trough Concentrators
For nearly 150 years, the cross section of the heat collection tubes used at the focus of parabolic trough solar concentrators has been circular. This type of tube is obviously simple and easily fabricated, but it is not optimal. It is shown in this article that the optimal shape, assuming a perfect parabolic figure for the concentrating mirror, is instead oblong, and is approximately given by a pair of facing parabolic segments.
Bennett, C
What Have Spacetime, Shape and Symmetry to Do with Thermodynamics?
Some highly speculative and serendipitous ideas that might relate thermodynamics, spacetime, shape and symmetry are brought together. A hypothetical spacetime comprising a pointwise lattice with a fixed metric is considered. If there were absolute symmetry between displacement and time it is suggested that the velocity of light would be an integer conversion factor between the units of these quantities. In the context of such outlandish hypotheses the answer to the question posed would be 'everything'.
Jim McGovern
Spectral Line Shapes as a Diagnostic Tool in Magnetic Fusion
Spectral line shapes and intensities are used for obtaining information on the various regions of magnetic fusion devices. Emission from low principal quantum numbers of hydrogen isotopes is analyzed for understanding the complex recycling mechanism. Lines emitted from high principal quantum numbers of hydrogen and helium are dominated by Stark effect, allowing an electronic density diagnostic in the divertor. Intensities of lines emitted by impurities are fitted for a better knowledge of ion transport in the confined plasma.
Stamm, R; Capes, H; Demura, A; Godbert-Mouret, L; Koubiti, M; Marandet, Y; Mattioli, M; Rosato, J; Rosmej, F; Fournier, K B
Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Explains Unidirectionality Print Rotary Firing in Ring-Shaped Protein Explains Unidirectionality Print Hexameric motor proteins represent a complex class of molecular machines that variously push and pull on biological molecules using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as chemical fuel. A specialized class of ring-shaped motor proteins, hexameric helicases, can unwind DNA strands and perform large-scale manipulations of single-stranded nucleic acids in processes such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and gene expression. To understand how certain hexameric helicases walk with directional polarity along single-stranded nucleic acids, Berkeley researchers used x-ray crystallography at the ALS to solve the structure of a hexameric helicase, the Rho transcription termination factor (from E. coli), bound to both ATP mimics and an RNA substrate. The results showed that Rho functions like a rotary engine: as the motor spins, it pulls RNA strands through its interior. Interestingly, the rotary firing order of the motor is biased so that the Rho protein can walk in only one direction along the RNA chain.
Distributed Sensing and Shape Control of Piezoelectric Bimorph Mirrors
As part of a collaborative effort between Sandia National Laboratories and the University of Kentucky to develop a deployable mirror for remote sensing applications, research in shape sensing and control algorithms that leverage the distributed nature of electron gun excitation for piezoelectric bimorph mirrors is summarized. A coarse shape sensing technique is developed that uses reflected light rays from the sample surface to provide discrete slope measurements. Estimates of surface profiles are obtained with a cubic spline curve fitting algorithm. Experiments on a PZT bimorph illustrate appropriate deformation trends as a function of excitation voltage. A parallel effort to effect desired shape changes through electron gun excitation is also summarized. A one dimensional model-based algorithm is developed to correct profile errors in bimorph beams. A more useful two dimensional algorithm is also developed that relies on measured voltage-curvature sensitivities to provide corrective excitation profiles for the top and bottom surfaces of bimorph plates. The two algorithms are illustrated using finite element models of PZT bimorph structures subjected to arbitrary disturbances. Corrective excitation profiles that yield desired parabolic forms are computed, and are shown to provide the necessary corrective action.
Redmond, James M.; Barney, Patrick S.; Henson, Tammy D.
Method for loading shape memory polymer gripper mechanisms
A method and apparatus for loading deposit material, such as an embolic coil, into a shape memory polymer (SMP) gripping/release mechanism. The apparatus enables the application of uniform pressure to secure a grip by the SMP mechanism on the deposit material via differential pressure between, for example, vacuum within the SMP mechanism and hydrostatic water pressure on the exterior of the SMP mechanism. The SMP tubing material of the mechanism is heated to above the glass transformation temperature (Tg) while reshaping, and subsequently cooled to below Tg to freeze the shape. The heating and/or cooling may, for example, be provided by the same water applied for pressurization or the heating can be applied by optical fibers packaged to the SMP mechanism for directing a laser beam, for example, thereunto. At a point of use, the deposit material is released from the SMP mechanism by reheating the SMP material to above the temperature Tg whereby it returns to its initial shape. The reheating of the SMP material may be carried out by injecting heated fluid (water) through an associated catheter or by optical fibers and an associated beam of laser light, for example.
High-speed pulse-shape generator, pulse multiplexer
The invention combines arbitrary amplitude high-speed pulses for precision pulse shaping for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The circuitry combines arbitrary height pulses which are generated by replicating scaled versions of a trigger pulse and summing them delayed in time on a pulse line. The combined electrical pulses are connected to an electro-optic modulator which modulates a laser beam. The circuit can also be adapted to combine multiple channels of high speed data into a single train of electrical pulses which generates the optical pulses for very high speed optical communication. The invention has application in laser pulse shaping for inertial confinement fusion, in optical data links for computers, telecommunications, and in laser pulse shaping for atomic excitation studies. The invention can be used to effect at least a 10.times. increase in all fiber communication lines. It allows a greatly increased data transfer rate between high-performance computers. The invention is inexpensive enough to bring high-speed video and data services to homes through a super modem.
Burkhart, Scott C. (Livermore, CA)
User terms & conditions v1.2-27 April 2004.doc USER TERMS AND CONDITIONS
User terms & conditions v1.2- 27 April 2004.doc 1 USER TERMS AND CONDITIONS The following Terms and Conditions will apply to Your use of the Website and the Service:- 1. Definitions In these Terms the detailed information and conditions relating to a Lot, including the relevant online purchase terms
Jonsson Terms Imply Cyclic Terms For Finite Libor Barto, Marcin Kozik, Todd Niven
J´onsson Terms Imply Cyclic Terms For Finite Algebras Libor Barto, Marcin Kozik, Todd Niven Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic J´onsson implies cyclic #12;Cyclic terms DEFINITION n-ary cyclic term = term t(x1, . . . , xn) satisfying t is idempotent . . . t(x, x, . . . , x) x t(x1, x2, . . . , xn
Barto, Libor
Improving term extraction with terminological resources
Studies of different term extractors on a corpus of the biomedical domain revealed decreasing performances when applied to highly technical texts. Facing the difficulty or impossibility to customize existing tools, we developed a tunable term extractor. ...
Sophie Aubin; Thierry Hamon
On Superspace Chern-Simons-like Terms
We search for superspace Chern-Simons-like higher-derivative terms in the low energy effective actions of supersymmetric theories in four dimensions. Superspace Chern-Simons-like terms are those gauge-invariant terms which cannot be written solely in terms of field strength superfields and covariant derivatives, but in which a gauge potential superfield appears explicitly. We find one class of such four-derivative terms with N=2 supersymmetry which, though locally on the Coulomb branch can be written solely in terms of field strengths, globally cannot be. These terms are classified by certain Dolbeault cohomology classes on the moduli space. We include a discussion of other examples of terms in the effective action involving global obstructions on the Coulomb branch.
Philip C. Argyres; Adel M. Awad; Gregory A. Braun; F. Paul Esposito
Analytical modeling of pulse-pileup distortion using the true pulse shape; applications to Fermi-GBM
Pulse-pileup affects most photon counting systems and occurs when photon detections occur faster than the detector's registration and recovery time. At high input rates, shaped pulses interfere and the source spectrum, as well as intensity information, get distorted. For instruments using bipolar pulse shaping there are two aspects to consider: `peak' and `tail' pileup effects, which raise and lower the measured energy, respectively. Peak effects have been extensively modeled in the past. Tail effects have garnered less attention due to the increased complexity: bipolar tails mean the tail pulse-height measurement depends on events in more than one time interval. We leverage previous work to derive an accurate, semi-analytical prediction for peak and tail pileup, up to high orders. We use the true pulse shape from the detectors of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. The measured spectrum is calculated by writing exposure time as a state-space expansion of overlapping pileup states and is valid up to very high rates. This expansion models losses due to fixed and extendable deadtime by averaging overlap configurations. Additionally, the model correctly predicts energy-dependent losses due to tail subtraction (sub-threshold) effects. We discuss pileup losses in terms of the true rate of photon detections versus the recorded count rate.
Vandiver Chaplin; Narayana Bhat; Michael Briggs; Valerie Connaughton
V-shaped resonators for addition of broad-area laser diode arrays
A system and method for addition of broad-area semiconductor laser diode arrays are described. The system can include an array of laser diodes, a V-shaped external cavity, and grating systems to provide feedback for phase-locking of the laser diode array. A V-shaped mirror used to couple the laser diode emissions along two optical paths can be a V-shaped prism mirror, a V-shaped stepped mirror or include multiple V-shaped micro-mirrors. The V-shaped external cavity can be a ring cavity. The system can include an external injection laser to further improve coherence and phase-locking.
Liu, Bo; Liu, Yun; Braiman, Yehuda Y.
Long-Term Engineered Cap Performance
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Summary Notes from 22 July 2008 Generic Technical Issue Discussion on Long-Term Engineered Cap Performance
Glossary of terms related to load management
Part I of the Glossary of Terms related to Load Management has been prepared by the Terminology Task Force of the Load Management Subcommittee. The glossary contains many definitions of terms used by the electric utility industry concerning the subject of Load Management. The terms are listed in alphabetical order and cross-referenced where necessary.
Use of elliptic curves in term discrimination
Detection of discriminant terms allow us to improve the performance of natural language processing systems. The goal is to be able to find the possible term contribution in a given corpus and, thereafter, to use the terms of high contribution for representing ...
Darnes Vilari�o; David Pinto; Carlos Balderas; Mireya Tovar; Beatriz Beltr�n; Sofia Paniagua
On counting untyped lambda terms Pierre Lescanne University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, 46 all´ee d counting -terms has been proposed yet, and the combinatorics of -calculus is considered a hard problem. The difficulty lies in the fact that the recursive expression of the numbers of terms of size n with at most m
eoretical Terms without Analytic Truths Michael Strevens
eoretical Terms without Analytic Truths Michael Strevens To appear in Philosophical Studies A When new theoretical terms are introduced into scienti c discourse, pre- vailing accounts imply, analytic a new account of the intro- duction of theoretical terms that avoids both de nition and reference- xing
Strevens, Michael
EXHIBIT C TERMS AND CONDITIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE NO. 1. Grant Agreement .......................................................................... 19 i #12;EXHIBIT C TERMS AND CONDITIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS ii 21. Confidentiality..................................................................................................................... 33 #12;EXHIBT C TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. Grant Agreement This project is being funded with a grant
Unification of Concept Terms --Extended Abstract --
Unification of Concept Terms -- Extended Abstract -- Franz Baader \\Lambda LuFg Theoretical Computer of the domain can be described by concept terms, i.e., expressions that are built from atomic concepts (unary. The atomic concepts and concept terms represent sets of individuals, whereas roles represent binary relations
Baader, Franz
California�s Economic Outlook: Short-term Recovery But Longer-term Uncertainties
The Long-Term Demographic Outlook for California and LosCALIFORNIA�S ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: SHORT-TERM RECOVERY BUTCalifornia�s short-term outlook remains one of expansion,
Hurd, Joseph; Mitchell, Daniel J.B.
Terms and Conditions for Site Transition | Department of Energy
Terms and Conditions for Site Transition Terms and Conditions for Site Transition Terms and Conditions for Site Transition Terms and Conditions for Site Transition More Documents &...
Characterization of shape memory alloys for safety mechanisms.
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are metals that exhibit large recoverable strains and exert large forces with tremendous energy densities. The behavior of SMAs is thermomechanically coupled. Their response to temperature is sensitive to their loading condition and their response to loading is sensitive to their thermal condition. This coupled behavior is not to be circumvented, but to be confronted and understood, since it is what manifests SMA's superior clamping performance. To reasonably characterize the coupled behavior of SMA clamping rings used in safety mechanisms, we conduct a series of experiments on SMA samples. The results of the tests will allow increased fidelity in modeling and failure analysis of parts.
McLaughlin, Jarred T.; Buchheit, Thomas Edward; Massad, Jordan Elias
Reconstruction of shapes of near symmetric and asymmetric objects
A system processes 2D images of 2D or 3D objects, creating a model of the object that is consistent with the image and as veridical as the perception of the 2D image by humans. Vertices of the object that are hidden in the image are recovered by using planarity and symmetry constraints. The 3D shape is recovered by maximizing 3D compactness of the recovered object and minimizing its surface area. In some embodiments, these two criteria are weighted by using the geometric mean.
Pizlo, Zygmunt; Sawada, Tadamasa; Li, Yunfeng
Sealed One Piece Battery Having A Prism Shape Container
A sealed one-piece battery having a prism-shaped container including: a tank consisting of a single plastic material, a member fixed and sealed to the tank and to partitions on the side of the tank opposite the transverse wall to seal the tank, two flanges fixed and sealed to longitudinal walls defining flow compartments for a heat-conducting fluid, and two tubes on the transverse wall of the tank forming an inlet and an outlet for fluid common to the compartments.
Verhoog, Roelof (Bordeaux, FR); Barbotin, Jean-Loup (Pompignac, FR)
Light emission patterns from stadium-shaped semiconductor microcavity lasers
We study light emission patterns from stadium-shaped semiconductor (GaAs) microcavity lasers theoretically and experimentally. Performing systematic wave calculations for passive cavity modes, we demonstrate that the averaging by low-loss modes, such as those realized in multi-mode lasing, generates an emission pattern in good agreement with the ray model's prediction. In addition, we show that the dependence of experimental far-field emission patterns on the aspect ratio of the stadium cavity is well reproduced by the ray model.
Susumu Shinohara; Takehiro Fukushima; Takahisa Harayama
New methods of repairing mis-machined components are always of interest. In this study, an innovative method using Laser Engineered Net Shape{trademark} (LENS{reg_sign}) forming was used to repair intentionally mis-machined test articles. The components were repaired and subsequently hydrogen charged and burst tested. The LENS repair did not have an adverse effect on the solid state weld process that was used to repair the components. Hydrogen charged samples failed in a similar manner to the uncharged samples. Overall, the prospects for LENS repairing similar products are favorable and further work is encouraged.
Korinko, P; Thad Adams, T
Shape memorry allow heat engines and energy harvesting systems
A heat engine includes a first rotatable pulley and a second rotatable pulled spaced from the first rotatable pulley. A shape memory alloy (SMA) element is disposed about respective portions of the pulleys at an SMA pulley ratio. The SMA element includes first spring coil and a first fiber core within the first spring coil. A timing cable is disposed about disposed about respective portions of the pulleys at a timing pulley ratio, which is different than the SMA pulley ratio. The SMA element converts a thermal energy gradient between the hot region and the cold region into mechanical energy.
Browne, Alan L; Johnson, Nancy L; Keefe, Andrew C; Alexander, Paul W; Sarosi, Peter Maxwell; Herrera, Guillermo A; Yates, James Ryan
An Optical Array Instrument for Shape and Fall Velocity Measurements of Hydrometeors
A ground-based optical array instrument for the measurement of shapes, sizes, and fall velocities of freely falling hydrometeors is presented. The instrument, the Hydrometeor Velocity and Shape Detector (HVSD), is designed to accurately measure ...
E. Barthazy; S. G�ke; R. Schefold; D. H�gl
Simple Models of Coastal-Trapped Waves Based on the Shape of the Bottom Topography
Solutions of barotropic coastal-trapped waves in the shallow-water context are discussed for different shapes of the bottom topography. In particular, an infinite family of topographic waves over continental shelves characterized by a shape ...
L. Zavala Sans�n
Experimental Demonstration of X-Ray Drive Enhancement with Rugby-Shaped Hohlraums
Rugby-shaped hohlraums have been suggested as a way to enhance x-ray drive in the indirect drive approach to inertial confinement fusion. This Letter presents an experimental comparison of rugby-shaped and cylinder hohlraums ...
Philippe, F.
Virtual Shikki and Sazaedo: Shape Modeling in Digital Preservation of Japanese Lacquer Ware and Temples
Abstract: Issues of digital preservation of shapes and internal structures of culturally valuable objects are discussed. An overview of existing approaches to digital shape preservation as well as corresponding problems is given. Our approach is based ...
G. Pasko; A. Pasko; T. Ikedo; C. Vilbrandt
Independent control of the shape and composition of ionic nanocrystals through sequential cation exchange reactions
shape-controlled colloidal CdSe quantum rods. Nano Lettersextinction coefficient of CdTe, CdSe, and CdS nanocrystals.teardrop-, and tetrapod-shaped CdSe nanocrystals. Journal of
Luther, Joseph Matthew
Abstract Moving average algorithms for diamond, hexagon, and general polygonal shaped window operations
This paper presents fast moving window algorithms for calculating local statistics in a diamond, hexagon, and general polygonal shaped windows of an image which is important for real-time applications. The algorithms for a diamond shaped window requires only seven or eight additions and subtractions per pixel. A fast sparse algorithm only needs four additions and subtractions for a sparse diamond shaped window. A number of other shapes of diamond windows such as skewed or parallelogram shaped diamond, long diamond, and lozenged diamond shaped, are also investigated. Similar algorithms are also developed for hexagon shaped windows. The computation for a hexagon window only needs eight additions and subtractions for each pixel. Fast algorithms for general polygonal shaped windows are also developed. The computation cost of all these algorithms is independent of the window size. A variety of synthetic and real images have been tested.
Changming Sun
The immediacy of the artist's mark in shape computation : from visualization to representation
Approaches to shape computation and algorithmic art-making within the fields of shape grammars and computer graphics still do not consider the immediacy of the artist's mark in drawing and painting. This research examines ...
Martino, Jacquelyn A
Medial Spheres for Shape Approximation Svetlana Stolpner, Paul Kry, Kaleem Siddiqi
distance tests than the state-of-the-art method for sphere set approximation for the class of (, )-fat-of-detail rendering [4], shape matching [5], and shape deformation [6]. In the above applications, it is desirable
Dudek, Gregory
Design and testing of a biomimetic tuna using shape memory alloy induced propulsion
Current unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) are almost exclusively propeller driven designs, which must inherently be optimized for a particular speed, sacrificing low speed manoeuvrability for cruising efficiency. Recently, biomimetic approaches to underwater ... Keywords: Shape memory alloys, Shape propulsion, Smart structures
Afzal Suleman; Curran Crawford
ATP-Induced Shape Change in a Model Protein Complexed in ...
ATP-Induced Shape Change in a Model Protein Complexed in Chaperonins. The role of molecular chaperones in mediating ...
Mechanical Properties of High Strength NiTiHfPd Shape Memory ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Shape Memory Alloys. Presentation Title, Mechanical Properties of High�...
Efficient network QoS provisioning based on per node traffic shaping
Keywords: ATM, QoS provisioning, end-to-end delay guarantees, real-time traffic, scheduling, traffic shaping
Leonidas Georgiadis; Roch Gu�rin; Vinod Peris; Kumar N. Sivarajan
Shape Stable and Highly Conductive Nano-Phase-Change Materials Research Project
The Department of Energy is currently conducting research into shape-stable and highly conductive nano-phase change materials.
Linearizer for pulse-shaping of received pulse in ultra-wideband radio systems
This paper presents a novel concept of pulse-shaping in an ultra-wide band radio system. Instead of attempting to design an antenna with flat group delay, the emphasis has been shifted to the signal processing aspect of pulse shaping. The received pulse ... Keywords: Group delay, Linearizer, Pulse shaping, Radar, Radio systems, Ultra-wideband
Ajay K. Singh; Pradeep Kumar; G. Singh; T. Chakravarty
Numerical methods for shape-from-shading: A new survey with benchmarks
Many algorithms have been suggested for the shape-from-shading problem, and some years have passed since the publication of the survey paper by Zhang et al. [R. Zhang, P.-S. Tsai, J.E. Cryer, M. Shah, Shape from shading: a survey, IEEE Transactions on ... Keywords: Algorithms comparison, Eikonal equation, Numerical methods, Shape-from-shading
Jean-Denis Durou; Maurizio Falcone; Manuela Sagona
Brief paper: Power-shaping control of reaction systems: The CSTR case
Power-shaping control is a recent approach for the control of nonlinear systems based on the physics of the dynamical system. It rests on the formulation of the dynamics in the Brayton-Moser form. One of the main obstacles for using the power-shaping ... Keywords: Brayton-Moser form, Non-isothermal CSTR, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Power-shaping control
A. Favache; D. Dochain
Motor driven microtubule shape fluctuations - force from within the lattice
We develop a general theory of microtubule (MT) deformations by molecular motors generating internal force doublets within the MT lattice. We describe two basic internal excitations, the S and V shape, and compare them with experimental observations from literature. We explain the special role of tubulin vacancies and the dramatic deformation amplifying effect observed for katanin acting at positions of defects. Experimentally observed shapes are used to determine the ratio of MT shear and stretch moduli ($\\approx 6\\times10^{-5}$) and to estimate the forces induced in the MT lattice by katanin (10's of pN). For many motors acting on a single MT we derive expressions for the end-to-end distance reduction and provide criteria for dominance of this new effect over thermal fluctuations. We conclude that molecular motors if acting cooperatively can ''animate'' MTs from within the lattice and induce slack even without cross-bridging to other structures, a scenario very much reminiscent of the motor driven axoneme.
Herve Mohrbach; Igor M. Kulic
Numerical Prediction of Springback Shape of Severely Bent Sheet Metal
In the sheet metal forming simulation, the shell element widely used is assumed as a plane stress state based on the Mindlin-Reissner theory. Numerical prediction with the conventional shell element is not accurate when the bending radius is small compared to the sheet thickness. The main reason is because the strain and stress formulation of the conventional shell element does not fit the actual phenomenon. In order to predict precisely the springback of a bent sheet with a severe bend, a measurement method for through-thickness strain has been proposed. The strain was formulated based on measurement results and calculation results from solid element. Through-thickness stress distribution was formulated based on the equilibrium. The proposed shell element based on the formulations was newly introduced into the FEM code. The accuracy of this method's prediction of the springback shape of two bent processes has been confirmed. As a result, it was found that the springback shape even in severe bending can be predicted with high accuracy. Moreover, the calculation time in the proposed shell element is about twice that in the conventional shell element, and has been shortened to about 1/20 compared to a solid element.
Iwata, Noritoshi; Murata, Atsunobu; Yogo, Yasuhiro [Advanced Metal Lab., Toyota Central R and D Labs., Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192 (Japan); Tsutamori, Hideo [Stamping Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation, 1, Motomachi-cho, Toyota, Aichi, 471-8573 (Japan); Niihara, Masatomo [Chassis Production Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation, 1, Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi, 471-8571 (Japan); Ishikura, Hiroshi [Measurement and Instrumentation Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation, 1, Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi, 471-8571 (Japan); Umezu, Yasuyoshi [Engineering Technology Div., JRI Solutions, Ltd., 3-10-19 Minami-semba, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 542-0081 (Japan)
While gold and platinum have long been recognized for their beauty and value, researchers at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) are working on the nano-level to use these elements for creative solutions to our nation's energy and security needs. Multiinterdisciplinary teams consisting of chemists, materials scientists, physicists, computational scientists, and engineers are exploring unchartered territories with shape-selective nanocatalysts for the development of novel, cost effective and environmentally friendly energy solutions to meet global energy needs. This nanotechnology is vital, particularly as it relates to fuel cells.SRNL researchers have taken process, chemical, and materials discoveries and translated them for technological solution and deployment. The group has developed state-of-the art shape-selective core-shell-alloy-type gold-platinum nanostructures with outstanding catalytic capabilities that address many of the shortcomings of the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). The newly developed nanostructures not only busted the performance of the platinum catalyst, but also reduced the material cost and overall weight of the fuel cell.
Murph, S.
Development of a shape memory alloy actuated biomimetic hydrofoil
The development of an active biomimetic hydrofoil that utilizes Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuator technology is presented herein. This work describes the design and testing of two experimental hydrofoils. The first model had a trailing edge flap deflected by a pair of SMA wires and demonstrated the feasibility of using SMAs in an aquatic environment. The second hydrofoil had a skeletal structure similar to a fish with internal SMA muscles. This hydrofoil was able to deform to several shapes mimicking aquatic animals with controlled oscillation frequencies of up to 1 Hz, with 1/2 Hz oscillation producing the largest useful amplitudes. Measurable force was generated when the biomimetic hydrofoil was defected underwater. The magnitude of the force was limited by the high flexibility of the tail. An adaptive model for control of SMA actuators is also presented. The control method combines predetermined open-loop modeling with an error feedback for updating of the hysteresis model. The model was capable of tracking a single SMA wire up to 20 Hz, but had trouble simultaneously controlling six wires.
Wilson, Larry Nixon
Proceedings of EACL '99 Finding content-bearing terms using term similarities
Proceedings of EACL '99 Finding content-bearing terms using term similarities Justin firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract This paper explores the issue of using dif- ferent co-occurrence similarities between terms for separating query terms that are useful for retrieval from those that are harmful. The hypothesis under
NEW TERMS OF ACCOMMODATION: BENJAMIN ELMANS ON THEIR OWN TERMS AND EARLY MODERN GLOBAL NETWORK-1850, the subtitle of Benjamin Elmans On Their Terms, hardly captures the depth of the historiographic revision role to science, that the very idea that Chinese developed science ,,on their own terms
Elman, Benjamin
Parallel Performance We multiplied random univariate polynomials with 8192 terms.
Parallel Performance We multiplied random univariate polynomials with 8192 terms. Typical problems run 5x faster with 4 cores on a Core i7 CPU. parallelspeedup threads 4 5 6 3 8192 x 8192 terms SPARSE DENSE 2 1 4321 = 33000 terms = 502000 terms = 1.63 M terms = 3.09 M terms = 6.01 M terms = 11.4 M terms
Property:Incentive/Terms | Open Energy Information
Terms Terms Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Incentive/Terms Property Type Text Description Terms. Pages using the property "Incentive/Terms" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) A AEP Ohio - Renewable Energy Credit (REC) Purchase Program (Ohio) + RECs must be registered in the PJM-GATS Customer must have an interconnection agreement with AEP Ohio. APS - Solutions for Business Financing (Arizona) + 3.99% or higher (see website for details)Available for retrofit projects only through the comprehensive Solutions for Business program. Projects must qualify for a rebate under the Solutions for Business program. Work must be performed by Solutions for Business Trade Ally. Adams Electric Cooperative - Energy Efficiency Loan Program (Pennsylvania) + Rate: 4.5%-5% Repayment Terms: up to 7 years
HTGR Mechanistic Source Terms White Paper
The primary purposes of this white paper are: (1) to describe the proposed approach for developing event specific mechanistic source terms for HTGR design and licensing, (2) to describe the technology development programs required to validate the design methods used to predict these mechanistic source terms and (3) to obtain agreement from the NRC that, subject to appropriate validation through the technology development program, the approach for developing event specific mechanistic source terms is acceptable
Wayne Moe
User's Guide Short-Term Energy Model
Reports and Publications (EIA)
The personal computer version of the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Short Term Energy Outlook, known simply as the Short-Term Energy Model, is a modeling system used to forecast future values for key energy variables. It replicates in a Windows environment most features of EIA's mainframe-based short-term modeling system, and adds capabilities that allow the user substitute assumptions to calculate alternative projections.
Information Center
Definitions of Petroleum Products and Other Terms
Definitions of Petroleum Products and Other Terms (Revised January 2001) Alcohol. The fa mily name of a group of organic chemical
Industry Terms and Definitions | Open Energy Information
2007 DOI Not Provided Check for DOI availability: http:crossref.org Online Internet link for Industry Terms and Definitions Citation Liberty Pioneer educational...
Term Energy Outlook Supplement: Motor Gasoline Consumption
Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook Supplement � April 2008 1 ... Source: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, National Transportation Data Book.
EIA Short -Term and Winter Fuels Outlook
Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2008 NASEO 2008/09 Winter Fuels Outlook Conference October 7, 2008 Washington, DC Howard Gruenspecht Acting ...
Export.gov - Terms of Trade
to Your Market Conduct Business Online Get Logistical Support Secure Export Financing Terms of Trade Related Topics Four Ways to Learn How to Export Attend Online or Classroom...
Short Term Energy Outlook - Energy Information Administration
Projections: EIA, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System database, and Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (hydroelectric and nuclear).
Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook�February 2008 2 Global Petroleum OPEC left production targets unchanged at its February 1st ...
Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook�March 2008 2 Diesel prices are projected to show larger gains in 2008, averaging $3.45 per
Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook�January 2009 2 Global Petroleum Overview. The downward trend in oil prices continued in ...
Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook�December 2008 2 Global Petroleum Overview The increasing likelihood of a prolonged global ...
Mass terms in the Skyrme Model
We consider various forms of the mass term that can be used in the Skyrme model and their implications on the properties of baryonic states. We show that, with an appropriate choice for the mass term, without changing the asymptotic behaviour of the profile functions at large $r$, we can considerably reduce or increase the mass term's contribution to the classical mass of the solitons. We find that multibaryon configurations can be classically bound at large baryon numbers for some choices of this mass term.
V. B. Kopeliovich; B. Piette; W. J. Zakrzewski
devil's dictionary of security terms (nov 2013)
Devil's Dictionary of Security Terms November 2013 Roger Johnston Vulnerability Assessment Team Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Persistent Threat: (1) A buzzword to...
Why Do Emerging Economies Borrow Short Term?
We argue that emerging economies borrow short term due to the high risk premium charged by international capital markets on long-term debt. First, we present a model where the debt maturity structure is the outcome of a risk sharing problem between the government and bondholders. By issuing long-term debt, the government lowers the probability of a liquidity crisis, transferring risk to bondholders. In equilibrium, this risk is reflected in a higher risk premium and borrowing cost. Therefore, the government faces a trade-off between safer long-term borrowing and cheaper short-term debt. Second, we construct a new database of sovereign bond prices and issuance. We show that emerging economies pay a positive term premium (a higher risk premium on long-term bonds than on short-term bonds). During crises, the term premium increases, with issuance shifting toward shorter maturities. This suggests that changes in bondholders � risk aversion are important to understand emerging market crises.
A study of coal particle shape and three-body wear
Research on coal particle shape and wear continued. Testing with the three-body wear test machine is well underway. Two radically different particle shapes (utilizing aluminium oxide particles) are being used to compare the effects of shape on wear rates. Shape analysis is also underway on smaller particles. Changes made in the vision system will allow the complete particle to be analyzed for shape factors. A detailed description of work accomplished is given in the following sections. 2 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Clark, N.N.; Means, K.H.
Versatile shaping of a relativistic laser pulse from a nonuniform overdense plasma
We studied the versatile shaping of a petawatt laser pulse using its relativistic transparency in a thin overdense plasma slab. The novel concept here is to use the nonuniformity of the plasma slab in its density or thickness in the transverse direction to control the pulse shaping in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. From 2-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we succeeded in fabricating a front shape concave to the propagation direction, an extreme case of transverse shaping. A 1-dimensional analytic formula was then applied to predict the transverse shape, which showed good agreement with the simulations.
Hur, Min Sup; Kim, Young-Kuk [School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, BanYeon-Ri 100, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798 (Korea, Republic of); Kulagin, Victor V. [Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Universitetsky prosp. 13, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Nam, Inhyuk; Suk, Hyyong [APRI, GIST, 261 Cheomdan-gwangiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712 (Korea, Republic of)
First `Winged' and `X'-shaped Radio Source Candidates
A small number of double-lobed radio galaxies (17 from our own census of the literature) show an additional pair of low surface brightness ''wings'', thus forming an overall ''X''-shaped appearance. The origin of the wings in these radio sources is unclear. They may be the result of back-flowing plasma from the currently active radio lobes into an asymmetric medium surrounding the active nucleus, which would make these ideal systems in which to study thermal/non-thermal plasma interactions in extragalactic radio sources. Another possibility is that the wings are the aging radio lobes left over after a (rapid) realignment of the central supermassive black-hole/accretion disk system due perhaps to a merger. Generally, these models are not well tested; with the small number of known examples, previous works focused on detailed case studies of selected sources with little attempt at a systematic study of a large sample. Using the VLA-FIRST survey database, we are compiling a large sample of winged and X-shaped radio sources for such studies. As a first step toward this goal, an initial sample of 100 new candidate objects of this type are presented in this paper. The search process is described, optical identifications from available literature data, and basic radio data are presented. From the limited resolution FIRST images ({approx} 5''), we can already confidently classify a sufficient number of these objects as having the characteristic wing lengths >80% of the active lobes to more than double the number of known X-shaped radio sources. We have also included as candidates, radio sources with shorter wings (<80% wing to lobe length ratios), or simply ''winged'' sources, as it is probable that projection effects are important. Finally, among the candidates are four quasars (z=0.37 to 0.84), and several have morphologies suggestive of Fanaroff-Riley type-I (low-power) radio galaxies. While followup observations are necessary to confirm these identifications, this stresses the importance of source orientation and imaging limitations in finding these enigmatic objects.
Cheung, C.C.
Shape memory effect associated with a deformation at a temperature just below A[sub S] in a Fe-Mn-Cr-Si-Ni shape memory alloy
The shape memory effect of Fe-Mn based shape memory alloys is due to the formation of stress-induced [var epsilon]-martensite by deformation and to its reversion by heating over A[sub f], which permit it to recover a part of the original shape. The shape memory effect is directly associated with the [gamma][yields][var epsilon] transformation. For this reason, the authors have established the best conditions to induce the [var epsilon]-martensite inside an austenitic matrix: the deformation must take place at a temperature close to the M[sub s]. It has been established that a deformation made at a higher temperature degrades the shape memory effect. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the shape memory effect in the case of a deformation applied at a relatively high temperature (just below A[sub s]) on samples containing a high volume fraction of [var epsilon]-martensite before the deformation. It is shown that an other mechanism of shape memory effect occurs in these conditions and allows to reach an interesting shape memory effect ([approximately]2%).
Federzoni, L.; Guenin, G. (G.E.M.P.P.M., Villeurbanne (France))
Shape Selection and Multi-stability in Helical Ribbons
Helical structures, almost ubiquitous in biological systems, have inspired the design and manufacturing of helical devices with applications in nanoelecromechanical systems (NEMS), morphing structures, optoelectronics, micro-robotics and drug delivery devices. Meanwhile, multi-stable structures, represented by the Venus flytrap and slap bracelet, have attracted increasing attention due to their applications in making artificial muscles, bio-inspired robots, deployable aerospace components and energy harvesting devices. Here we show that the mechanical anisotropy pertinent to helical deformation, together with geometric nonlinearity associated with multi-stability, can lead to novel selection principle of the geometric shape and multi-stability in spontaneous helical ribbons. Simple table-top experiments were also performed to illustrate the working principle. Our work will promote understanding of spontaneous curling, twisting, wrinkling of thin objects and their instabilities, and serve as a tool in developing functional structures and devices with tunable, morphing geometries and smart actuation mechanism that can be applied in a spectrum of areas.
Qiaohang Guo; Anil K. Mehta; Martha A. Grover; Wenzhe Chen; David G. Lynn; Zi Chen
Unconsolidated sand grain shape, size impact frac-pack design
The shape and size of sand grains, as well as the saturating fluid, influence the mechanical properties of unconsolidated sands and need to be considered in frac-pack design. These mechanical properties of unconsolidated properties of unconsolidated sands play an important role in determining the geometry of frac-pack treatments. Stress-strain curves obtained for unconsolidated sands at elevated stresses show highly nonlinear hysteretic behavior. The impact of these findings on frac-pack design can be significant. The nonlinear elastic properties of unconsolidated sand can give rise to some unique features in the pressure response and in the fracture geometry that may not be observed in hard rocks. This article focuses on the impact of mechanical properties of poorly consolidated and unconsolidated sands on the geometry of frac packs. The paper discusses frac packs, mechanical properties (Young`s modulus, shear failure) and effective treatments.
Wang, E.; Sharma, M.M. [Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Zinc electrode shape change. 1; In situ monitoring
This paper reports on zinc electrode shape change, the redistribution of zinc material over the electrode during repeated cycling, identified as one of the main life-limiting factors for alkaline nickel oxide/zinc secondary batteries. To investigate this phenomenon in situ, a radiotracer, {sup 65}Zn, is incorporated in the battery and its movement monitored during repeated cycling of the battery. The changes in the distribution of {sup 65}Zn over the electrode during battery operation are attributed to the displacement of radioactive zincate ions via the battery electrolyte. It is shown that the spatial distribution of {sup 65}Zn offers a reliable indication for the zinc material distribution over the electrode, provided an electrode with uniformly specific radioactivity is used in the measurements. Radiotracer experiments using zinc electrodes containing 2 weight percent HgO as an additive and uniformly labeled with {sup 203}Hg, have revealed that during battery cycling no substantial net transport of mercury species occurs.
Visschev, W.; Barendrecht, E.; Einerhand, R.E.F.; deGoeij, J.J.M. (Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven (NL))
Size, shape, and appearance of the normal female pituitary gland
One hundred seven women 18-65 years old were studied who were referred for suspected central nervous system disease not related to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. High-resolution, direct, coronal, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was used to examine the size; shape, and density of the normal pituitary gland. There were three major conclusions: (1) the height of the normal gland can be as much as 9 mm; (2) the superior margin of the gland may bulge in normal patients; and (3) both large size and convex contour appear to be associated with younger age. It was also found that serum prolactin levels do not appear to correlate with the CT appearances. Noise artifacts inherent in high-detail, thin-section, soft-tissue scanning may be a limiting factor in defining reproducible patterns in different parts of the normal pituitary gland.
Wolpert, S.M.; Molitch, M.E.; Goldman, J.A.; Wood, J.B.
A Single Crystal Niobium RF Cavity of the TESLA Shape
A fabrication method for single crystal niobium cavities of the TESLA shape was proposed on the basis of metallographic investigations and electron beam welding tests on niobium single crystals. These tests showed that a cavity can be produced without grain boundaries even in the welding area. An appropriate annealing allows the outgassing of hydrogen and stress relaxation of the material without destruction of the single crystal. A prototype single crystal single cell cavity was built. An accelerating gradient of 37.5 MV/m was reached after approximately 110 mu-m of Buffered Chanical Polishing (BCP) and in situ baking at 120�C for 6 hrs with a quality factor exceeding 2x1010 at 1.8 K. The developed fabrication method can be extended to fabrication of multi cell cavities.
W. Singer; X. Singer; P. Kneisel
Artificial Skin Ridges Enhance Local Tactile Shape Discrimination
One of the fundamental requirements for an artificial hand to successfully grasp and manipulate an object is to be able to distinguish different objects' shapes and, more specifically, the objects' surface curvatures. In this study, we investigate the possibility of enhancing the curvature detection of embedded tactile sensors by proposing a ridged fingertip structure, simulating human fingerprints. In addition, a curvature detection approach based on machine learning methods is proposed to provide the embedded sensors with the ability to discriminate the surface curvature of different objects. For this purpose, a set of experiments were carried out to collect tactile signals from a 2 \\times 2 tactile sensor array, then the signals were processed and used for learning algorithms. To achieve the best possible performance for our machine learning approach, three different learning algorithms of Na\\"ive Bayes (NB), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were implemented and compared ...
Salehi, Saba; Ge, Shuzhi Sam; 10.3390/s110908626
Calculating nonlocal optical properties of structures with arbitrary shape.
In a recent Letter [J. M. McMahon, S. K. Gray, and G. C. Schatz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 097403 (2009)], we outlined a computational method to calculate the optical properties of structures with a spatially nonlocal dielectric function. In this paper, we detail the full method and verify it against analytical results for cylindrical nanowires. Then, as examples of our method, we calculate the optical properties of Au nanostructures in one, two, and three dimensions. We first calculate the transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra of thin films. Because of their simplicity, these systems demonstrate clearly the longitudinal (or volume) plasmons characteristic of nonlocal effects, which result in anomalous absorption and plasmon blueshifting. We then study the optical properties of spherical nanoparticles, which also exhibit such nonlocal effects. Finally, we compare the maximum and average electric field enhancements around nanowires of various shapes to local theory predictions. We demonstrate that when nonlocal effects are included, significant decreases in such properties can occur.
McMahon, J. M.; Gray, S. K.; Schatz, G. C.; Northwestern Univ.
Fan-shaped and toric textures of mesomorphic oxadiazoles
When a family of non symmetrical heterocycled compounds is investigated, a variety of mesophases can be observed with rather different features. Here we report the behaviour of seven different members among a family of such materials, that consists of mesomorphic oxadiazole compounds. In two of these compounds, the optical microscope investigation shows very interesting behaviours. In their smectic phases, fan-shaped and toric textures, sometimes with periodic instability, are observed. Moreover, the nematic phase displays a texture transition. Texture transitions have been previously observed only inside the nematic phase of some compounds belonging to the families of the oxybenzoic and cyclohexane acids. In these two oxadiazole compounds we can observe what we define as a "toric nematic phase", heating the samples from the smectic phase. The toric nematic texture disappears as the sample is further heated, changing into a smooth texture.
A. Sparavigna; A. Mello; B. Montrucchio
Segmented saddle-shaped passive stabilization conductors for toroidal plasmas
A large toroidal vacuum chamber for plasma generation and confinement is lined with a toroidal blanket for shielding using modules segmented in the toroidal direction. To provide passive stabilization in the same manner as a conductive vacuum chamber wall, saddle-shaped conductor loops are provided on blanket modules centered on a midplane of the toroidal chamber with horizontal conductive bars above and below the midplane, and vertical conductive legs on opposite sides of each module to provide return current paths between the upper and lower horizontal conductive bars. The close proximity of the vertical legs provided on adjacent modules without making physical contact cancel the electromagnetic field of adjacent vertical legs. The conductive bars spaced equally above and below the midplane simulate toroidal conductive loops or hoops that are continuous, for vertical stabilization of the plasma even though they are actually segmented. 5 figs.
Leuer, J.A.
A large toroidal vacuum chamber for plasma generation and confinement is lined with a toroidal blanket for shielding using modules segmented in the toroidal direction. To provide passive stabilization in the same manner as a conductive vacuum chamber wall, saddle-shaped conductor loops are provided on blanket modules centered on a midplane of the toroidal chamber with horizontal conductive bars above and below the midplane, and vertical conductive legs on opposite sides of each module to provide return current paths between the upper and lower horizontal conductive bars. The close proximity of the vertical legs provided on adjacent modules without making physical contact cancel the electromagnetic field of adjacent vertical legs. The conductive bars spaced equally above and below the midplane simulate toroidal conductive loops or hoops that are continuous, for vertical stabilization of the plasma even though they are actually segmented.
Leuer, James A. (Encinitas, CA)
Reducing Turbulent Transport in Toroidal Configurations via Shaping
Recent progress in reducing turbulent transport in stellarators and tokamaks by 3D shaping using a stellarator optimization code in conjunction with a gyrokinetic code is presented. The original applications of the method focussed on ion temperature gradient transport in a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator design. Here, an examination of both other turbulence channels and other starting configurations is initiated. It is found that the designs evolved for transport from ion temperature gradient turbulence also display reduced transport from other transport channels whose modes are also stabilized by improved curvature, such as electron temperature gradient and ballooning modes. The optimizer is also applied to evolving from a tokamak, finding appreciable turbulence reduction for these devices as well. From these studies, improved understanding is obtained of why the deformations found by the optimizer are beneficial, and these deformations are related to earlier theoretical work in both stellarators and tokamaks.
H.E. Mynick, N. Pomphrey and P. Xanthopoulos
A method to repair mismatched or damaged components using Laser Engineered Net Shaping{sup R} (LENS) technology to apply material was investigated for its feasibility for components exposed to hydrogen. The mechanical properties of LENS bulk materials were also tested for hydrogen compatibility. The LENS process was used to repair simulated and actual mismachined components. These sample components were hydrogen charged and burst tested in the as-received, as-damaged, and as-repaired conditions. The testing showed that there was no apparent additional deficiency associated with hydrogen charging compared to the repair technique. The repair techniques resulted in some components meeting the requirements while others did not. Additional procedure/process development is required prior to recommending production use of LENS.
Korinko, P.; Adams, T.
Computation of term dominance in text documents
An improved entropy-based term dominance metric useful for characterizing a corpus of text documents, and is useful for comparing the term dominance metrics of a first corpus of documents to a second corpus having a different number of documents.
Bauer, Travis L. (Albuquerque, NM); Benz, Zachary O. (Albuquerque, NM); Verzi, Stephen J. (Albuquerque, NM)
Skyrme Model with Different Mass Terms
We consider a one parameter family of mass terms for the Skyrme model that disfavours shell-like configurations for multi-baryon classical solutions. We argue that a model with such mass terms can provide a better description of nuclei as shell like configurations are now less stable than in the traditional massive Skyrme model
Bernard Piette; Wojtek J. Zakrzewski
Terms with unbounded demonic and angelic nondeterminacy
We show how to introduce demonic and angelic nondeterminacy into the term language of each type in typical programming or specification language. For each type we introduce (binary infix) operators @? and @? on terms of the type, corresponding to demonic ... Keywords: Angelic nondeterminacy, Demonic nondeterminacy, Free completely distributive lattice, Nondeterminism
Joseph M. Morris; Malcolm Tyrrell
Shaping Sustainable Energy Use in Chinese Cities The Relevance of Community Energy Management
significant share of future urban energy consumption is predetermined when land-use and urban form are designated. Community Energy Management (CEM) is a sustainable energy strategy which looks at how shaping the built environment and designing urban services in consideration of energy production, distribution and use could affect both the long term demand for energy and the type of energy supplied. This energy policy perspective is particularly relevant to China as that country is experiencing rapid urbanisation and significant urban air quality issues. A spreadsheet model is used to evaluate aggregate energy-related emissions in the year 2015 from two alternative scenarios of urban growth throughout China. The model focuses on how energy demand, residential energy technology penetration and transportation mode choices are affected by factors of density and mix of use in neighbourhood development. Results from this exercise suggest that China can achieve urban residential and transportation emission reductions of approximately 14 % for CO2, 10 % for SO2, 40 % for NOX and 14 % for particulate emissions in 2015 by adopting certain aspects of CEM. Issues around the implementation of CEM are also addressed in this study by examining key institutional and policy issues involved in land-use planning, site and building design, alternative energy supply and transportation management. Recommendations and implementation strategies are suggested. 1
Bryn Sadownik; Mark Jaccard
How Many Performance Shaping Factors are Necessary for Human Reliability Analysis?
It has been argued that human reliability analysis (HRA) has expended considerable energy on creating detailed representations of human performance through an increasingly long list of performance shaping factors (PSFs). It is not clear, however, to what extent this refinement and expansion of PSFs has enhanced the quality of HRA. Indeed, there is considerable range in the number of PSFs provided by individual HRA methods, ranging from single factor models such as time-reliability curves, up to 50 or more PSFs in some current HRA models. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission advocates 15 PSFs in its HRA Good Practices (NUREG-1792), while its SPAR-H method (NUREG/CR-6883) espouses the use of eight PSFs and its ATHEANA method (NUREG-1624) features an open-ended number of PSFs. The apparent differences in the optimal number of PSFs can be explained in terms of the diverse functions of PSFs in HRA. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of PSFs across different stages of HRA, including identification of potential human errors, modeling of these errors into an overall probabilistic risk assessment, quantifying errors, and preventing errors.
Ronald L. Boring
Seven-Dimensional Gravity with Topological Terms
We construct new seven-dimensional gravity by adding two topological terms to the Einstein-Hilbert action. For certain choice of the coupling constants, these terms may be related to the R^4 correction to the 3-form field equation of eleven-dimensional supergravity. We derive the full set of the equations of motion. We find that the static spherically-symmetric black holes are unmodified by the topological terms. We obtain squashed AdS_7, and also squashed seven spheres and Q^{111} spaces in Euclidean signature.
H. Lu; Yi Pang
Mechanistic facility safety and source term analysis
A PC-based computer program was created for facility safety and source term analysis at Hanford The program has been successfully applied to mechanistic prediction of source terms from chemical reactions in underground storage tanks, hydrogen combustion in double contained receiver tanks, and proccss evaluation including the potential for runaway reactions in spent nuclear fuel processing. Model features include user-defined facility room, flow path geometry, and heat conductors, user-defined non-ideal vapor and aerosol species, pressure- and density-driven gas flows, aerosol transport and deposition, and structure to accommodate facility-specific source terms. Example applications are presented here.
Term extraction + term clustering: an integrated platform for computer-aided terminology
A novel technique for automatic thesaurus construction is proposed. It is based on the complementary use of two tools: (1) a Term Extraction tool that acquires term candidates from tagged corpora through a shallow grammar of noun phrases, and (2) a Term ...
Didier Bourigault; Christian Jacquemin
BEDES Terms and Definitions | Department of Energy
Terms and Definitions Terms and Definitions BEDES Terms and Definitions On this page you'll find terms and definitions associated with the Building Energy Data Exchange Specification (BEDES). Data Specification, or spec A data spec establishes clear field names, definitions, formats (e.g. number, text) and enumerations (categorical lists) It serves as a guide to ensure that data is consistent among a range of sources and uses. For example, Green Button is a data specification that is used for utility customers' energy consumption information. Data Schema A data schema (or model) describes the structural relationships, hierarchies, and dependencies between data fields. For example, a schema might dictate that energy consumption data should be associated with a meter and a space in a building. A data specification could be used as the
Principles and Terms Principles and Terms Lighting Principles and Terms July 29, 2012 - 5:20pm Addthis Light quantity, energy consumption, and light quality are the basic principles of lighting. | Photo courtesy of Tadson Bussey. Light quantity, energy consumption, and light quality are the basic principles of lighting. | Photo courtesy of Tadson Bussey. Learn More Find out how to shop for lights by lumens, not watts. To choose the best energy-efficient lighting options for your home, you should understand basic lighting principles and terms. Light Quantity Illumination The distribution of light on a horizontal surface. The purpose of all lighting is to produce illumination. Lumen A measurement of light emitted by a lamp. As reference, a 100-watt