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While in law school law students are encouraged to decide what type of law that they want to practice. Most investigate the possibilities of becoming an associate in a small or large firm, a government attorney, a prosecutor or a public defender, or an attorney in the public interest sector for either a non-profit organization or a legal aid office.
In addition to the typical job options, which the career services offices typically encourage students to investigate, there are several types of non-traditional jobs. One such non-traditional option is court-appointed attorney work.
Court appointments can help an attorney who is just beginning a solo practice. Once appointed a court appointed attorney can choose the number and the type of cases to accept. If the attorney is good enough to be appointed consistently, he/she might even find it to be full time employment. This type of work also might be ideal for a seasoned attorney who wants to work only part-time in order to pursue other opportunities or goals.
There are a variety of cases that involve court-appointed attorneys. They may defend the accused in the initial trial, help convicts appeal their guilty verdicts or sentences (including death sentences), promote the interests of children in cases of abuse or neglect, or represent the interests of parents in abuse or neglect cases. Court appointed attorneys also represent the interests of people with disabilities or those who are or who may become institutionalized for mental impairments.
Such diverse populations require the attorney to be skillful and dedicated if the attorney is to represent the client in the client's best interest.
Each state and the federal government chooses the cases for which a court will appoint an attorney to represent a client. Available opportunities may vary widely. For example, the Ninth Judicial Circuit of Florida only uses court-appointed attorneys to represent indigent defendants in felony, misdemeanor, traffic and juvenile delinquency cases in Orange County when the Public Defender withdraws due to a conflict of interest.(1) In some jurisdictions the court may appoint an attorney to represent all indigent defendants in criminal cases because there is no public defender system.
Some court systems provide that in certain situations the courts must appoint attorneys to represent the indigent in certain other cases.(2)
This paper presents work as a court-appointed attorney as a viable alternative to other types of legal work. The paper stresses the economic aspects of the work but also discusses other important and related issues.
How does the court appointed attorney system work? There are primarily two types of systems. In one, a coordinator assigns an attorney to each case.(3) In the other, the court maintains a list of attorneys who either contracted or volunteered to be court appointed attorneys.(4) Those who volunteer to accept court appointments in the second system are not always required to meet specific guidelines to stay on the appointment list.
Typically the rate of pay for a court-appointed attorney is quite a bit lower than that received by an attorney working for a firm. Because of the fact that legislatures control the amount of compensation paid to court-appointed attorneys, there are very few methods of increasing revenue for the practice. For a court-appointed attorney, who is dedicated to the field and who wants to make a viable practice out of the work, the most effective way to increase revenue may be to decrease overhead costs rather than increasing work hours.
There are several different ways to decrease overhead but it does require the attorney to be creative in the way that he/she looks at cutting expenditures. Some examples of cutting overhead costs would be to work out of a home office, to do your own secretarial work or bring documents which need to be typed to a typing agency rather than employing a secretary. Other ways to decrease overhead costs are to use public law libraries for information rather than collecting your own library, share resources, like fax and copy machines, as well as other costly items such as secretaries, receptionists, office space and fax/computer lines with other sole practitioners. For an attorney simply who can not cut enough expenses to keep afloat but who still wishes to accept court appointments, one solution is to mix the court-appointed practice with private clients who are willing to pay more than the statutorily-created rates.
History of Appointed Attorneys
The origins of court appointed attorneys for indigent clients are unknown and a source of much debate.(5) As Thomas Liotti writes, "[s]ome commentators claimed to have discovered the roots of appointed counsel in Roman history. However, other commentators question the support for this premise."(6) Regardless of whether the debate about the origin of the first court-appointed attorneys ever is won, and if we never discover the actual origins of the practice, we can trace the history of the practice in this country. Although there is some debate about the history of court-appointed attorneys in the United States, we do know a lot about the origins of court-appointed attorneys in the United States. It is clear that court-appointed attorneys have existed in the United States since the country's beginning.(7) The colonies differed in their approach to court-appointed counsel for the indigent. Some colonies recognized a broad right to counsel and other colonies provided only a narrow right.(8) The first congress passed a statute requiring the appointment of counsel for indigent defendants in capital cases only.(9) Additionally, Liotti reports that "In 1964, Congress enacted the Criminal Justice Act (CJA) which regulates the appointment of counsel to indigent defendants. The CJA lists the conditions in which the a defendant may receive court appointed counsel, provides a fee schedule for appointed counsel, and orders each district court, with the approval of the Circuit Judicial Council, to operate a plan that insures representation for any person financially unable to obtain adequate representation."(10)
Other authors cite the landmark decision of Gideon v. Wainright as the case that began the current system of appointed attorneys in the United States.(11) At a minimum, Gideon affirmed the fact that indigent defendants are constitutionally entitled to the right to legal counsel.(12)
Although the court-appointed attorney system fulfills a great need in our society, there are problems with the system. One such problem is that many claim court-appointed attorneys provide ineffective assistance of council to those people that they represent. Some blame the inadequate funding and minimal compensation of court-appointed attorneys for the inadequate representation of indigent clients. Many speculate that inadequate representation of defendants or other types of indigent appointments occurs because the compensation for the work is either so low that competent attorneys do not want the work or because the appointed attorneys are so underpaid that they cannot afford to devote the required time to the cases.(13) This topic will be discussed more in depth further in the paper.
How much does it pay?
Jurisdictions typically decide to pay their court-appointed attorneys by one of two methods. Some are paid a set hourly rate for hours worked. Others receive a pre-set per-case or a flat fee payment. For example, Orange County Florida, pays its court-appointed contract attorneys on a per case basis and those without the contract on an hourly basis.(14) Those attorneys who agree to contract with the court agree to the set per-case compensation amount which the court sets. If the attorney does not contract with the court then the attorney must be paid according to administrative order guidelines.
The rate of pay for a court-appointed attorney is usually set by statute. The rate varies from the federal to the state system, from state to state, and sometimes even from county to county. Depending on where you are appointed as council, you earn more or less depending on the jurisdiction. Rates of pay vary based greatly whether the court sets the rate by the hour or on a per-case basis. The amount of pay can also vary depending on the level of the crime, the type of case, the age of the person represented, and in criminal cases whether the case is the initial trial stage or an appeal or other stage of representation.
Typically the statutes that set a flat fee per case adjust the rate of pay based on the type of case. For example, Pasco County Florida pays contract attorneys $700.00 per defendant in a non-capital felony case and only $300.00 per defendant for a misdemeanor.(15)
In this particular jurisdiction the fee is per defendant, which means that even if the defendant is charged with more than one charge, the attorney receives the same rate of pay for the case unless the attorney represents the defendant in more than one trial.(16) In the case of two or more trials, the attorney is paid $700.00 for each non-capital felony trial completed and $300.00 for each misdemeanor trial completed.(17)
Juvenile cases pay less than cases in which the attorneys represent adults. In this district, cases in juvenile court are compensated at a lower rate, only $250.00 per case.(18) If the juvenile is prosecuted as an adult then the attorney is paid $450.00 per case, unless the case goes to trial more than once.(19) In the case of additional trials, the attorney is paid $250.00 for each complete juvenile court trial, $450.00 for the first criminal court trial and $700.00 for each additional criminal court trial.(20) In addition to these basic fees, the attorney can be compensated for various expenses such as out-of-state travel, photocopying depositions in a multiple defendant case, necessary copy fees incurred from a third source, and telephone expenses (limited to $10.00 absent unusual circumstances).(21)
The rate of pay also varies depending on whether the court-appointed attorney represents a person in their initial trial or on appeal. Court-appointed attorneys for appeals of cases in Pasco and Pinellas Counties Florida are paid $600.00 per appeal for non-capital felony cases. For capital cases attorneys are paid $50.00 per hour for out-of-court services and $60.00 per hour for in-court services up to a maximum of $2000.00.(22) For capital cases, the circuit compensates the court-appointed attorney for court reporter expenses at depositions.(23) This circuit pays a flat-fee of $250.00 for appeals for county to circuit court,(24) and a flat-fee of $450.00 for appeals of juvenile delinquency cases.(25)
In a similar manner, the rates of pay for hourly work also vary widely from state to state. State courts pay differently for the same type of representation. Further, some states place caps on the amount of money they will pay an attorney for a certain type of case regardless of the amount of time actually spent working on the case while some do not. A 1996 review of the court-appointed attorney program of the Fifth Circuit of Florida reported that the appointed counsel were compensated at an hourly rate of no more than $50.00 per hour with a maximum cap of $3,500 for cases appearing before a magistrate in which one or more felonies are charged, $1,000 for representation of a client charged with a misdemeanor appearing in district court or in front of a magistrate, and $2,500 for a direct appeal of a felony, excluding expenses.(26) Theses maximum limits do not apply in death penalty cases, in habeas corpus cases, or in federal capital prosecution cases.(27) In these types of cases, the judge sets the hourly rate somewhere between $75 and $125. per hour.(28) All of these fee maximums can be waived when additional payment is necessary to provide fair compensation for the attorney.(29) The circuit will compensate appointed attorneys for expenses that are reasonably incurred and necessary adequately to represent the client.(30) General office expenses and overhead, court filing fees and personal items are not considered reimbursable expenses under the statute.(31) The statute makes it clear that all costs incurred should be limited to the least amount of costs possible for the necessary representation expenses.(32)
A review of the funding of court-appointed attorneys appointed to represent indigent defendants in capital cases found the pay of these attorneys to be wholly inadequate. Alabama limits out-of court preparation pay to $20.00 per hour up to $1,000.00, regardless of the time actually spent on the case.(33) Some rural areas of Texas only compensate court-appointed attorneys $800.00 for capital cases and the author states that generally the hourly rate of pay is $50.00 per hour or less(34)
In comparison, New York Federal Courts compensate appointed attorneys at a rate of $75.00 per hour and New York State Courts pay between $25.00 to $40.00 an hour for out-of-court time and in-court-time respectively.(35)
In Iowa, statutes provide that non-contract attorneys who are appointed by the court to "represent any person charged with a crime in this state, seeking post-conviction relief, against whom a contempt action is pending, appealing a criminal conviction, appealing denial of post-conviction relief, or subject to a proceeding under chapter 229A, or to serve as counsel for any person or guardian ad litem for any child in juvenile court shall be entitled to reasonable compensation and expenses."(36) The statute describes this reasonable compensation as $60.00 per hour for a class A felony, $55.00 for class B felonies, $50.00 per hour for all other offenses.(37) The statute compensates attorneys for out-of-pocket expenses for "any sums as are necessary for investigations in the interest of justice and the cost of obtaining the transcript of the trial record and briefs if an appeal is filed."(38)
Recently, in Iowa, 2 separate attorneys, who had been appointed to represent persons in juvenile court, brought suit claiming that the statutes requiring mandatory caps on compensation for the maximum payment of court appointed attorneys is unconstitutional(39). These attorneys claim that the statutes violate the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution by denying the equal protection of laws to indigent defendants(40), the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution by denying indigents substantive and procedural due process through denying these persons effective representation,(41) and Iowa Statute §815.7 because the limit does not guarantee reasonable compensation of court appointed attorneys as required by that statute.(42)
The court first decided that the plaintiffs did have standing to sue even though they are not seeking personal relief, but rather for relief for all those who have court-appointed attorneys(43). The plaintiffs claim that due to the caps on the compensation that they are under-paid for their court-appointed work, for example, the plaintiffs claim that their office overhead amounts to an average of 50% of every $100.00 earned in gross income. The plaintiffs argue that if they only receive $60.00 per hour, their figures still are based on being paid on $100.00 per hour so that for every hour of court-appointed work, the attorney only nets $10.00 per hour after overhead payments.(44) The court reasoned that the plaintiffs did not prove indigent defendants were actually at a disadvantage by the caps on compensation or the low payments.(45)
The court further reasoned that all attorneys are required by the code of professional responsibility to provide effective representation of their clients regardless of the amount of compensation.(46) The court found that the fee payments are not "per se unreasonable" despite the fact they may be low and that indigent defendants are not prejudiced by representation compensated at a lower rate(47). Therefore, the court found that the caps on the amount of compensation for court-appointed attorneys does not violate the constitutional rights of either the court-appointed attorneys or the indigent defendants.(48)
Methods of Funding Appointed Attorneys
There are different methods of funding court-appointed attorneys. In most jurisdictions payment comes from the states. In others, the counties pay the expenses of the court-appointed attorneys.(49) The benefit to state payments is that counties with small budgets will not be as drastically affected by high use of court-appointed attorneys.
One author who recognizes a problem with different funding schemes of court-appointed attorneys says that some counties use a contract system which awards a private practice attorneys all of the indigent defenses for the county for the lowest bid.(50) This encourages appointed attorneys to lower the amounts they will charge the courts in order to come up with a competitive bid to secure the contract. These counties do not allow for extra funds for purposes of investigation or experts, and the author notes that these types of programs are known for poor representation of defendants.(51)
Payment Schemes: A look at the Advantages and Disadvantages
Payment on a per case basis and the application of caps on hourly fees can limit the quality of representation the indigent client receives. An attorney, who knows that she will not be compensated for all of the time spent preparing for a particularly difficult case or trial, may be more likely to spend less time on the case than the case actually needs to be litigated in a manner that ensures the client is effectively represented. Some authors view the lack of funds available for compensation of court-appointed attorneys and public defenders as an indicator that indigent clients are not receiving competent representation.(52) One author states that: "[i]nadequate funding has created a situation wherein overburdened defense counsel cannot possibly provide competent representation to all of the clients they are assigned to represent. Counsel who have committed their skills, energy, and careers to representing indigent defendants cannot be expected to tolerate circumstances where they are compelled to render the ineffective assistance of counsel."(53) Private court-appointed attorneys have attempted to increase funding for their work through different methods, including attempting to unite to strike to achieve their goal.(54) This attempt to increase funding was stopped by the United States Supreme Court.(55) One author quotes a recent study which claims that "'[v]irtually no assigned counsel program in the country is adequately funded. In fact, the funding situation nationally is frequently and accurately characterized as a crisis."'(56) The author goes on to say that one reason that the indigent clients receive inadequate representation is that the appointed attorney who relies on the court appointments to fund his practice take on more clients than he can handle in order to increase revenue.(57) This means that the attorney takes on more than he can handle and in turn, the indigent client suffers at the hands of the overworked attorney.
One other aspect of the cap on hourly funding effecting representation for clients is that qualified counsel are not willing to take on cases because they are paid more to work elsewhere.(58)
One study in Oregon found that "after average overhead expenses in Oregon, an attorney doing only court appointed indigent defense work would have a net annual income of $72.00."(59) A similar Virginia State Bar study found that "the effective hourly rate that was paid to a survey sample of Virginia attorneys representing indigents in capital cases at trial was approximately $13.00."(60)
The problems have become so severe that some indigent clients are not being represented adequately. One author noted that:
An evaluation of the assigned counsel program in Massachusetts found that due to inadequate compensation, 36% of the attorneys failed to perform vital and basic tasks such as interviewing witnesses, investigating the facts and filing appropriate pre-trial motions. As the Florida Supreme Court noted, the adage 'you get what you pay for' does indeed apply to legal representation.(61)Adequate Representation
Some speculate that because court-appointed attorneys are underpaid for their work that the attorneys are actually encouraged to do a poor job representing their clients. The poor quality of representation is encouraged due to the fact that court-appointed attorneys are mainly paid for their work either hourly or per case completed. An attorney who needs more money to survive than the small amounts paid by the court are actually encouraged to take on more cases so that their income increases. Because of the inherent limitation on the number of hours in a day, the more cases that an attorney works on, the less time the attorney can spend per case. A court-appointed attorney may even take on more cases than he can realistically handle, in order to earn a livable income, and this, in turn, leads to shoddy representation of the client.
As a court-appointed attorney it is important to keep in mind that it is imperative to give those who you are representing the best quality of representation possible. Attorneys must keep in mind that not only are they bound to the code of professional responsibility, but also, the attorney must remember that they are representing people who are in very vulnerable positions because they are poor and unable to afford to hire an attorney to represent them. Some speculate that those charged with crimes can be vindicated if they receive quality representation. On the flip side, it holds true that some represented by inadequate attorneys are found guilty due to their court-appointed attorney's poor quality of representation. One instance where the lack of adequate representation is especially glaring is in the realm of those who are defending offenders of capital crimes.
There are many horror stories of court-appointed attorneys neglecting their duties and ultimately leading their indigent defendants to be found guilty of crimes and sentenced to many penalties, including the ultimate penalty, the death penalty.
Some attorneys have slept through parts of trials,(62) appeared at trial drunk(63) and one who referred to his client by racial slurs.(64)
One writer noted that one woman, accused of murdering her husband, who she claimed abused her and her daughter, in Alabama may have been sentenced to death due to her court-appointed attorney's lack of quality representation this author stated:
It may have been in part because one of here court-appointed Lawyers was so drunk that the trial had to be delayed for a day after he was held in contempt and sent to jail. The next morning, he and his client were both produced from hail, the trial resumed, and the death penalty was imposed a few days later.(65) It may also have been in part because this lawyer failed to find hospital records documenting injuries received by the woman and her daughter, which would have corroborated their testimony about abuse. AndAlthough one may think that this sentence of death could be easily overturned on appeal, both the Appeals Court and the Alabama State Supreme Court upheld the verdict and sentence.(67)
it may also have been because her lawyers did not bring their expert witness on domestic abuse to see the defendant until 8 p.m. on the night before he testified at trial.(66)
The author further points out other instances where court-appointed attorneys, due to a lack of experience or other controllable factor loose a case due to inadequate representations of their clients.(68) Further examples of inadequate court-appointed legal defense attorneys include: a sole-practitioner during her first capital trial ever led to the conviction and death sentence of the defendant even though the prosecutions case included only circumstantial evidence based on "questionable scientific evidence.(69)"
One other problem in representation of this particular defendant hinged on the funding of the defense.(70) The court-appointed attorney earned only $15 to $20 dollars per hour and the court rejected the attorney's request for co-counsel nor granted funds for co-counsel.(71); another account presents a case in which the court-appointed defense attorney, who received only $11.84 per hour, who failed to present an available alibi witness, relied upon an incorrect assumption about a key evidentiary point without doing the research that would have corrected his erroneous view of the law, and failed to interview and present witnesses who could have testified in rebuttal of the prosecutor's case.(72) This court found the defendant guilty and sentenced him to death. Fortunately, a pro bono attorney later litigated the case and the court granted the defendant habeas corpus relief.(73) After spending nine years on death row, the courts released the defendant after the grand jury refused to re-indict him.(74); in other cases, the court-appointed attorneys failed to raise and preserve issues of jury diversity,(75) and the incompetence of a court-appointed attorney who lacked any meaningful experience or knowledge of criminal law such that when later asked to name the criminal law decisions with which he was familiar, from any court, the attorney replied that he only knew about "'Miranda and Dred Scott.(76)'" The author states that the judges and juries deciding these above mentioned cases sentenced the defendants to death because of "how bad the lawyers were."(77)
The lack of funding for court-appointed attorneys can create significant problems for those who rely their work if the attorney does not take care to ensure that the indigent are represented fairly.
How Do Judges Decide Which Attorneys To Appoint?
Typically we like to think judges appoint attorneys who they know are competent and will effectively represent their clients. But one author states "[i]t is no secret that elected state court judges do not appoint the best and brightest of the legal profession to defend capital cases."(78) If judges do not appoint attorneys who they know will do a good job representing the defendants who do they appoint? One author states that "'Philadelphia's poor defendants often find themselves being represented by ward leaders, ward committeemen, failed politicians, the sons of judges and party leaders, and contributors to the judge's election campaigns."(79) Additionally, to increase their chances at reelection, some judges appoint attorneys for capital cases who are not competent to properly represent the defendant so to ensure that the defendant is found guilty.(80)
Is This the Right Work For Me?
One common perception about court-appointed counsel is that people think that they are not qualified because if they were they would not be actively seeking out work from the court.(81) Along with the low pay and stressful work, the court-appointed attorney must grapple with others' perception of the work. Some attorneys may not want to work in an environment in which the attorneys who perform the work are perceived in this manner.
If you do consider becoming a court-appointed attorney it is an excellent idea, strongly advised, and crucial that you gain experience representing people before you seek out appointments. Some ways to gain such experience is to work for awhile in a practice, or to volunteer for and job shadow with an attorney for a significant amount of time.
The court-appointed attorney system is a system which needs dedicated professional attorneys who are willing to work hard for their clients. The court-appointed attorney system must be reformed so that the attorneys are paid adequate amounts to compensate them for the work they perform. The system needs to be changed so that other funding mechanisms are used to compensate attorneys. For instance, a scheme could be used to reward attorneys with more pay for more experience and better representation of their clients.
The legislatures must create a way so that indigent defendants are afforded more than adequate representation to promote justice in the legal system. Further, the attorneys who serve as court appointed attorneys must work hard to ensure that they are dedicated to providing the best representation possible for their clients, even if they are not being compensated adequately to ensure justice for their clients. All attorneys should work to ensure the court-appointed attorney system gains respect and affords quality representation.
1. The Ninth Judicial Circuit of Florida Court Appointed Attorney Program <http://www.ninja9.com/courtadmin/courtatty/caap.htm>.
2. See Henry Gabriel & Kimber L. Tuttle, Duties of the Court Appointed Attorney, 27 Tex. Tech. L. Rev. 429 (1996) which states that the Texas Plan requires that a minimum of 25% of appointments of indigent cases go to the private bar.
3. Richard Klein, The Eleventh Commandment: Thou Shalt Not Be Compelled To Render Ineffective Assistance of Counsel, 68 Ind. L.J. 363 (1993). These coordinators design the standards attorneys must follow in order for judges to appoint them as court-appointed attorneys.
4. Richard Klein, The Eleventh Commandment: Thou Shalt Not Be Compelled To Render The Ineffective Assistance of Counsel, 68 Ind. L.J. 363 (1993).
5. Thomas F. Liotti, Does Gideon Still Make A Difference?, 2 N.Y. City L. Rev. 105, 107-8 (1998).
7. Henry Gabriel & Kimber L. Tuttle, Duties of the Court Appointed Attorney, 27 Tex. Tech. L. Rev. 429 (1996).
11. Thomas F. Liotti, Does Gideon Still Make a Difference?, 2 N.Y. City L. Rev. 105 (1998).
12. Thomas F. Liotti, Does Gideon Still Make a Difference?, 2 N.Y. City L. Rev. 105 (1998).
13. Stephen B. Bright, Essay: Counsel for the Poor: The Death Sentence Not for the Worst Crime but for the Worst Lawyer, 103 Yale L.J. 1835 at 1844.
14. Ninth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida Court Appointed Attorney Program <http://www.ninja9.com/courtadmin/courtatty/caap.htm>
15. Court Appointed Attorneys Pasco County <http://circuit6.co.pinellas.fl.us/sixth/aos/SubjectAO/Appattys/Pasco/AO98-10.html>.
22. Court Appointed Attorneys Criminal And Juvenile Delinquency Appeals <http://circuit6.co.pinellas.fl.us/sixth/aos/SubjectAO/Appattys/Appattcw/AO98-27.html>
23. Court Appointed Conflict Attorneys - Capital Cases <http://circuit6.co.pinellas.fl.us/sixth/aos/SubjectAO/Appattys/Pasco/AO96-14.html>.
24. Court Appointed Attorneys Criminal And Juvenile Delinquency Appeals <http://circuit6.co.pinellas.fl.us/sixth/aos/SubjectAO/Appattys/Appattcw/AO98-27.html>.
26. 27 Tex. Tech. L. Rev. 429, 450.
33. Stephen B. Bright, Essay: Counsel for the Poor: The Death Sentence Not for the Worst Crime but for the Worst Lawyer, 103 Yale L.J. 1835 at 1853.
34. Id. at 1853, citing Marianne Lavelle, Strong Law Thwarts Lone Star Counsel, Nat'l L.J., June 11, 1990 at 34, and citing The Spangenberg Group, A Study of Representation In Capital Cases In Texas 156, at 157 (1993) (prepared for the State Bar of Texas).
35. Thomas F. Liotti, Does Gideon Still Make a Difference?, 2 N.Y. City L. Rev. 105, 106 (1998).
39. Kent W. Lewis (plaintiff) v. Iowa District Court (defendant) Margaret E. Hasessler (plaintiff) v. Iowa District Court for Des Moines County (defendant), 555 N.W.2d 216 (Iowa 1996) at 217.
49. Carol Bryant, Court-appointed attorney fees soaring in Hall County, The Independent.com (story last updated January 10, 1999), <http://www.theindependent.com/Archive/011099/New_attorney10.html>.
50. Stephen B. Bright, Essay: Counsel for the poor: The Death Sentence Not for the Worst Crime but for the Worst Lawyer, 103 Yale L.J. 1835 at 1850.
51. Id. citing one particular contract arrangement in Georgia.
52. Richard Klein, The Eleventh Commandment: Thou Shall Not Be Compelled To Render Ineffective Assistance of Counsel, 68 Ind. L.J. 363 (1993).
56. Id, citing Nancy Gist, Assigned Counsel: Is The Representation Effective?, CRIM. JUST., Summer 1989, at 16, 18.
57. Id, citing Special Comm. On Criminal Justice In A Free Society, Am. Bar Ass'n, Criminal Justice In Crisis 41-41 (1988) which the author quotes as saying that a "common complaint of court-appointed counsel is that the low level of compensation forces them 'to carry more cases than a lawyer could effectively handle, because if you don't do that, you go broke...'"
59. Id, citing Gist, supra note 40 at 19.
62. Stephen B. Bright, Essay: Counsel for the Poor: The Death Sentence Not for the Worst Crime but for the Worst Lawyer, 103 Yale L.J. 1835, 1841, citing John Makeig, Asleep on the Job; Slaying Trial Boring, Lawyer Said, HOUS. CHRON., Aug. 14, 1992, at A35., and Harrison v. Zant, No. 88-V-1640, Order at 2 (Super. Ct. Butts County, Ga. Oct 5, 1990.), aff'd, 402 S.E. 2d 518 (Ga. 1991).
63. Id., citing Peoples v. Garrison, 254 Cal. Rptr. 257 (1986). Stating that counsel, an alcoholic was arrested en route to court one morning and found to have a blood alcohol level of .27.
64. Id., citing Goodwin v. Balkcom, 684 F.2d 794.
65. Stephen B. Bright, Essay: Counsel for the Poor: The Death Sentence Not for the Worst Crime but for the Worst Lawyer, 103 Yale L.J. 1835, 1836 (1994), citing Record at 846-49, State v. Haney, No. 7 Div. 148 (Ala. Crim. App. 1989).
67. Id., at 1836, 1883, See Footnote 2, citing Haney v. State, 603 So. 2d 368 (Ala. Crim. App. 1991) and Ex parte Haney, 603 So. 2d 412 (Ala. 1992).
73. Id., at 1839, citing Martinez-Macias v. Collins, 810 F. Supp. 782, 786-87, 796-813 (W.D. Tex. 1991), aff'd, 979 F.2d 1067 (5th Cir. 1992).
75. Id. at 1839, citing Birt v. Montgomery, 725 F.2d 587, 598 n.25 (11th Cir. 1984).
76. Id. at 1839, citing Transcript of Hearing of April 25-27, 1988 at 231, State v. Birt, (Super. Ct. Jefferson County, Ga. 1988)(No. 2360) The author notes that Dred Scott v. Sanford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1957) was not a criminal case.
78. Stephen B. Bright, Essay: Counsel for the Poor: The Death Sentence Not for the Worst Crime but for the Worst Attorney, 103 Yale L.J. 1835, 1856 citing Thomas M. Ross, Rights at the Ballot Box: The Effect of Judicial Elections on Judges' Ability to Protect Criminal Defendants' Rights, 7 Law & Ineq. J. 107 (1988).
79. Id., citing Frederic N. Tulsky, Big Time Trials, Small Time Defenses, PHILA. INQUIRER, Sep. 14 1992 At A 8.
80. Id., citing the National Law Journal and the American Bar Association.
81. Richard Klein, The Eleventh Commandment: Thou Shalt Not Be Compelled To Rendered Ineffective Assistance of Counsel, 68 Ind. L.J. 363.


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The Darby Translation (DBY) | New International Version (NIV) |
34 He beholdeth all high things; he is king over all the proud beasts. | 34 He looks down on all that are haughty; he is king over all that are proud." |
The Darby Translation is in the public domain. (The Darby Translation Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |

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It's Monday. Let's talk about stress.
Feb 10, 2014
The Marketplace Datebook for February 11th.
$40 million fund created for Bangladesh factory collapse victims
Dec 24, 2013
Global retailers, labor groups, and the Bangladeshi government have set aside $40 million for victims of the Rana Plaza collapse.
Could the Supreme Court deal another blow to unions?
Nov 13, 2013
The Supreme Court hears arguments Wednesday in a case that could weaken union-organizing efforts.
New campaign to help Bangladeshi workers
Oct 22, 2013
Six months after a factory collapse killed 1,100 people, there's a new international effort to help improve working conditions for garment workers in Bangladesh.


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Holm, Ian 1931-Overview
Most widely held works about
Ian Holm
Most widely held works by
Ian Holm
The Lord of the rings
by J. R. R Tolkien
18 editions published between 2002 and 2012 in English and held by 3,651 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Assisted by a fellowship of heroes, Middle-earth hobbit, Frodo Baggins, plunges into a perilous trek to take the mystical One Ring to Mount Doom so that it and its magical powers can be destroyed and never possessed by evil Lord Sauron. An epic adventure of good against evil, the power of friendship, and individual courage
by William Shakespeare
22 editions published between 1990 and 2011 in English and German and held by 3,186 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Hamlet, a prince of medieval-era Denmark, senses treachery behind his royal father's death. His mother is all too dangerously entangled in that treachery. This film portrays Shakespeare's immortal tale of high adventure and evil deeds
Henry V
by William Shakespeare
39 editions published between 1989 and 2006 in English and Undetermined and held by 2,983 WorldCat member libraries worldwide "Prince Hal" has ascended to the throne of England. He proceeds to assert his hereditary claim to the throne of France, gathers an army and embarks on a course that will lead to one of England's greatest battlefield triumphs--the bloody Battle of Agincourt--and forever change the face of Europe. King Henry V unites his people, deals justly with traitors, leads his soldiers to victory, and in the end ensures the peace by marrying the French princess Katherine
by Brad Bird
23 editions published between 2007 and 2011 in 4 languages and held by 2,846 WorldCat member libraries worldwide A rat named Remy dreams of becoming a great chef despite his family's wishes and the obvious problem of being a rat in a decidedly rodent-phobic profession. When fate places Remy in Paris, he finds himself ideally situated beneath a restaurant made famous by his culinary hero. Despite the apparent dangers of being an unwanted visitor in the kitchen of one of Paris' most exclusive restaurants, Remy forms an unlikely partnership with Linguini, the garbage boy, who inadvertently discovers Remy's amazing talents. They strike a deal, ultimately setting into motion a chain of extraordinary events that turns the culinary world of Paris upside down
The aviator
by Martin Scorsese
7 editions published between 2004 and 2005 in English and Italian and held by 1,995 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Martin Scorsese's THE AVIATOR is a lavish spectacle of a motion picture that harkens back to Hollywood's Golden Era in telling the story of Howard Hughes, one of 20th-century America's most pioneering and influential figures
by Ridley Scott
35 editions published between 1979 and 2011 in English and French and held by 1,957 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Terror begins when the crew of a spaceship investigates a transmission from a desolate planet and discovers a life form that is perfectly evolved to annihilate mankind. Ultimately, only Ripley is left to fight for her survival and all mankind's
Chariots of fire
by Hugh Hudson
21 editions published between 1981 and 2012 in English and held by 1,836 WorldCat member libraries worldwide The story, told in flashback, of two young British sprinters competing for fame in the 1924 Olympics. Eric, a devout Scottish missionary runs because he knows it must please God. Harold, the son of a newly rich Jew runs to prove his place in Cambridge society. In a warmup 100 meter race, Eric defeats Harold, who hires a pro trainer to prepare him. Eric, whose qualifying heat is scheduled for a Sunday, refuses to run despite pressure from the Olympic committee. A compromise is reached when a nobleman allows Eric to compete in his 400 meter slot. Eric and Harold win their respective races and go on to achieve fame as missionary and businessman/athletic advocate, respectively
by Terry Gilliam
41 editions published between 1985 and 2014 in 4 languages and held by 1,827 WorldCat member libraries worldwide A daydreaming bureaucrat becomes involved with an underground superhero and a beautiful mysterious woman and becomes the tragic victim of his own romantic illusions
The hobbit an unexpected journey
by Martin Freeman
8 editions published in 2013 in English and held by 1,766 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Bilbo Baggins, a peaceful hobbit living in the Shire, joins a group of thirteen dwarves in their quest to retake their home from the dangerous dragon Smaug
Garden State
by Zach Braff
18 editions published between 2004 and 2012 in 4 languages and held by 1,592 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Andrew Largeman returns from self-imposed exile in Los Angeles to his hometown in New Jersey for his mother's funeral. Andrew has spent years cut off from his darker feelings with the aid of pharmaceuticals prescribed by his father, Gideon, a coldly formal psychiatrist. Afterward, he takes to tooling around on his antique motorcycle, finding old friends and making new ones. When he meets and begins to fall for Sam, he finds himself slowly awaking not only to the pain of life but also to the life-affirming power of love
Lord of war
by Andrew Niccol
16 editions published between 2005 and 2006 in English and held by 1,552 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Chronicles the rise and fall of Yuri Orlov, from his early days in the early 1980s in Little Odessa to selling guns to mobsters in his local neighbourhood, and through to his ascension through the decade of excess and indulgence into the early 90s. He is relentlessly pursued by a determined federal agent and his inner demons sway between his drive for success and the immorality of what he does
The madness of King George
by Nicholas Hytner
44 editions published between 1994 and 2011 in English and German and held by 1,530 WorldCat member libraries worldwide When George III loses the colonies in the American Revolution, his eccentric behavior becomes nothing less than mad. With Parliament battling for increased power and the Prince of Wales plotting his own rise to the throne, King George's unpredictable behavior sets the stage for a thrilling game of betrayal, politics and palace intrigue
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
11 editions published between 1994 and 2009 in English and held by 1,371 WorldCat member libraries worldwide A scientist strives to make the perfect man in a laboratory but instead creates a bitter monster who seeks revenge on his creator and his family
Animal farm
by George Orwell
21 editions published between 1994 and 2010 in English and German and held by 1,297 WorldCat member libraries worldwide This rendering of Orwell's classic is set in the beautiful Irish countryside and populated with a wide variety of barnyard animals. Chaos ensues when the animals take over the farm
Big night
by Stanley Tucci
22 editions published between 1996 and 2007 in English and French and held by 1,284 WorldCat member libraries worldwide The story of two brothers whose Italian restaurant is on the verge of bankruptcy. Their only chance to save it is to risk everything they own on an extravagant feast for band leader Louis Prima. But their big night is complicated by a lovers' triangle, a sneaky restaurant rival, and the hilarious perfectionism of chef Primo
The sweet hereafter
by Atom Egoyan
39 editions published between 1996 and 2009 in English and held by 1,256 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Following a tragic schoolbus accident, high-profile lawyer Mitchell Stephens descends upon a small town. With promises of retribution and a class-action lawsuit filed on behalf of the grieving community, Stephens begins his investigation into the details of the crash. But beneath the town's calm, he uncovers a tangled web of lies, deceit and forbidden desires that mirrors his own troubled personal life. Gradually, we learn that Stephens has his own agenda and that everyone has secrets to keep
From hell
by Allen Hughes
41 editions published between 2001 and 2011 in 6 languages and held by 1,250 WorldCat member libraries worldwide In 1888 London's Whitechapel slums, poor women like Mary Kelly and her friends walk the streets for a living. When the streetwalkers begin to be murdered one by one, it attracts the attention of Inspector Abberline, who takes a personal interest in the case, and Mary Kelly. Now he must use his psychic abilities to stop the most notorious serial killer in history--Jack the Ripper--before Mary is killed
Lord of the rings
by Orlando Bloom
6 editions published between 2004 and 2010 in English and held by 1,083 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Frodo makes his way through the darkness to Mount Doom to destroy the One Ring. Aragon learns of his destiny as the true King and the others prepare for a massive battle that will determine the fate of Middle-Earth
The day after tomorrow
by Dennis Quaid
37 editions published between 2001 and 2012 in 4 languages and held by 959 WorldCat member libraries worldwide A dramatized global warming event triggers a barrage of epic natural disasters: tornadoes flatten Los Angeles, a tidal wave engulfs New York City and the entire Northern Hemisphere begins to freeze solid. An assortment of individual narratives are threaded together to follow the various catastrophes and their effects on local populations, including the stories of climatologist Jack Hall, his son Sam, and other small bands of survivors as they ride out the growing superstorm
Naked lunch
by David Cronenberg
44 editions published between 1991 and 2014 in 3 languages and held by 955 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Part-time pest-control man and full-time drug addict Bill Lee (Weller) seeks escape from his troubled existence in 1953 New York and flees to Interzone (a hallucinatory version of Tangiers) where reality and fantasy have merged. It's a strange, surreal landscape inhabited by mugwumps, half-alien, half-insect creatures, man-sized centipedes, carnivorous typewriters and bizarre humans. Compelled to make sense of this alien territory, he writes a book called "Naked lunch." more
Audience Level
Related Identities
Associated Subjects
Abrahams, Harold Maurice, Aeronautics--Research Air pilots Airplanes--Design and construction Baggins, Bilbo (Fictitious character) Baggins, Frodo (Fictitious character) Billionaires Businesspeople California--Los Angeles--Hollywood Celebrities Christian life Climatologists Cooking Cross-country running Denmark England Fate and fatalism Fathers and sons France--Paris Gangsters Glacial epoch Global warming Great Britain Hamlet (Legendary character) Henry--V,--King of England, Hobbits (Fictitious characters) Hughes, Howard, Human-alien encounters Illegal arms transfers Jewish athletes Kings and rulers Liddell, Eric, Manners and customs Man-woman relationships Middle Earth (Imaginary place) Monsters New Jersey Olympic athletes Olympic Games Partnership Princes Rats Restaurants Restaurants--Employees Shakespeare, William, Test pilots Tolkien, J. R. R.--(John Ronald Reuel), Track and field athletes United States Wizards
Alternative Names
Cuthbert, Ian Holm.
Cuthbert, Ian Holm 1931-
Holm, Ian.
German (23) French (9) Spanish (8) Turkish (2) Italian (2) Multiple languages (2) Chinese (1) Covers


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Recent Comments:
Breakfast Topic: Do your WoW and real-life friendships overlap? {WoW}
Feb 1st 2012 10:55AM I've met several friends through WoW that I've now known for 2-4 years (sadly, it seems harder to make friends in WoW for me recently). In that time, I've actually hung out with them IRL, I text/talk to them daily, and am probably closer to them then several of my "RL" friends.
Apple: iPhone 4 reception problem is a software issue, fix coming in 'a few weeks' {Engadget}
Jul 2nd 2010 10:15AM That is because there is no design flaw. I've tried everything possible to replicate it and can't.
Breakfast Topic: Using "IRL," IRL {WoW}
Apr 14th 2010 9:24AM That reminded me of a time at work when my boss asked me something about RFC (we use a ton of acronyms at work) and I could NOT remember what it meant besides Ragefire Chasm.
I use WoW terminology more in writing/chatting than anything and have to always remember not to use it in work emails. But even chatting with non-WoW friends, I forget what internet terminology the average person knows versus a player.
The Queue: 92 128 154 200 251 264 {WoW}
Mar 8th 2010 4:27PM Would you happen to know what day that is and can you pm it to me? ;)
Breakfast Topic: What won't you do? {WoW}
Mar 5th 2010 3:27PM animals > gnomes
Breakfast Topic: If you could redo features in Wrath, what would they be? {WoW}
Mar 3rd 2010 11:10PM I very much agree! I'm scared to see what Tol Barad will be like if it's going to be "more like Isle." I don't want to have to engage in long PvP battles if I just have 30 minutes to log on to do my dailies.
The Queue: Earthquake bonanza {WoW}
Mar 2nd 2010 7:49PM There is a portrait that hangs above the entrance to the Orgrimmar bank. I only noticed it when my camera was zoomed in a certain amount as I walked in. Just curious who that is: Thrall? The Founder of the Bank of Orgrimmar? Random orc model?
In-game models I would change if I could {WoW}
Dec 30th 2009 5:28PM OMG. This article hit the nail on the head, but on top of that the comments were so right on. And props to the people who commented here...these comments had me laughing a lot! Either you are all great writers and/or the graphics are so bad that the hilarious analogies are really obvious.
Pilgrim's Bounty FAQ {WoW}
Nov 22nd 2009 2:36PM I tried this area too, after reading recommendations. Unfortunately, I never got above 9 and it wasn't crawling with turkeys. This achievement sucks.
Breakfast Topic: Too powerful {WoW}
Nov 10th 2009 12:25PM That does make sense! What else would the lvl1 boars be doing but leveling on the side. After all, we don't see lvl 1 gnomes pop out of the ground and suddenly appear as lvl 80s in Northrend.


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Mike Vax
Mike Vax is a jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, and clinician. A native of the San Francisco Bay Area, he performs exclusively on Getzen trumpets, cornets, and flugelhorns and has the status of an International Artist for the Getzen Company. He has played lead and solo trumpet with the Stan Kenton Orchestra, the Clark Terry Big Bad Band, and the U.S. Navy Show Band. As a recording musician, he has performed on more than 75 albums, including twenty under his own name.
Vax has performed and/or recorded with trumpeters Freddy Hubbard, Don Ellis, and Don Jacoby, vocalists Joe Williams, Anita O'Day, Barbara McNair, and The Four Freshmen, and other instrumentalists including Art Pepper, Al Grey, Gene Krupa, John Handy, and Louie Bellson. He has performed and/or recorded with jazz orchestras, armed service orchestras, and Dixieland bands including The Glenn Miller and Jimmy Dorsey Orchestras, The Navy Commodores, The Army Blues, The Army Jazz Ambassadors, The Air Force Falconaires, the Beverly Hills Unlisted Jazz Band, and The Dukes of Dixieland in New Orleans.
He has appeared as guest lead trumpet and soloist with symphony pops orchestras throughout the United States, as well as the All-American Collegiate Orchestra at Disney World. He has toured extensively in Europe, Scandinavia, South America and Japan.
Jazz education[edit]
He has presented workshops and concerts to music students in over 2500 elementary and junior high schools, high schools, colleges and universities internationally since 1970. He is active as a clinician and soloist in both the classical and jazz idioms.
Current activities[edit]
Currently (2012) he leads his own groups: The Mike Vax Big Band, The Stan Kenton Alumni Band directed by Mike Vax, TRPTS (Trumpets), The Great American Jazz Band, the Mike Vax Quintette and the Mike Vax Sextette.
External links[edit]
This article about a jazz trumpeter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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New King James Version (NKJV) | New International Version (NIV) |
15 My dishonor is continually before me, And the shame of my face has covered me, | 15 My disgrace is before me all day long, and my face is covered with shame |
Scripture taken from the New King James Version. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. (New King James Version) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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LOCAL 12 - Search Results
Chase Bank Changes Policy on Joint Credit Cards
CINCINNATI (WKRC) -- Chase Bank will no longer offer joint credit cards, saying it's trying to simplify its offerings.
Instead, you'll ed to add your spouse or anyone else as an authorized user to your account.
Existing joint account customers will not be affected.
Chase is not the first issuer to get rid of the joint credit card option. HSBC scrapped it in 2010, and Capital One stopped offering the option about ten years ago.


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My Profile
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Member since Dec 2009
Flag This ProfileFlag as Inappropriate
Reviewed Brooke's Homemade Meatloaf
Jan 8, 2012 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"I hate meatloaf and loved this one...definitely a keeper!"""
Reviewed Asian Chicken Burgers
Feb 16, 2011 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"Very tasty - a nice way to fancy up a burger and change dinner! I sauteed the mushrooms in a little olive oil and soy sauce though."


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Wycliffe (WYC) | New International Version (NIV) |
44 Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and of Peter [the city of Andrew and Peter]. | 44 Philip, like Andrew and Peter, was from the town of Bethsaida. |
Copyright © 2001 by Terence P. Noble. For personal use only. (Wycliffe Bible) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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I, Marine
By Chris Wilson
Copyright – 2011, All Rights Reserved
Smashwords Edition
The swarm is coming. Corporal Aggar and a unit of Confederation Marines have been ordered to hold back a ravenous tide of insectoid alien attackers. Each attack presses until men to the limit of their physical and mental strength. Aggar as his men fight on, in the face of certain death, as the lines break and their attackers begin to overwhelm them.
I am a Marine; I am nothing without my rifle; it is my sole value, my life, my purpose...
The ammo feed locked into the lower receiver. Without my rifle, I cease to be a Marine; I become nothing but a target, a casualty... The vented barrel slid into the floating mount and seated against the breech. I will never fail to clear, clean and maintain my rifle, to ensure that my rifle never fails in combat...
Corporal Gorman Aggar finished screwing the barrel into his ACR-14 ArmTech Autolaoding Combat Rifle. Aggar's rifle hadn't needed cleaning, but ingrained, repetitive action kept him focused and relaxed. He could identify every part by touch, even through the armored gauntlets of his Hostile Environment Combat Armor – Powered, and assemble them by reflex. Muscle memory knew the proper place and fit of each part – the feed ramps, the ammo counter, the drive piston, the cycle springs, the burst limit capacitor... well, there was really no need to keep that.


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Charleston County deputies say robbery was the motive behind a shooting in North Charleston that left one man hospitalized Wednesday night.
Deontra Venkio Bowens, 27, was shot at his home on Elegans Drive in North Charlestons Hub Village about 8:30 p.m., deputies said.
Bowens received gunshot wounds to his chin and leg and had cuts on his head, Sheriffs Office Maj. Jim Brady said.
A family member saw Bowens limping down Accabee Road and transported him to Medical University Hospital for treatment, according to an incident report.
Deputies found shell casings for what appeared to be a .45-caliber gun, a baseball cap, and a jacket at the scene, the report said.
Authorities are searching for a red pickup truck the suspect was driving, the report said.
Anyone with information can call Crime Stoppers at 554-1111.
Check back with postandcourier.com as more details become available.
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tweet Print This! Dodgers Lose 7-1 Posted by: hometown in Santa Clarita Sports May 9, 2008 - 3:00 pm 0 0 Views On Friday night the Dodgers lost to Houston, 7-1. You can hear the next game live, Saturday May 10th, at 6:30pm only on KHTS. The boys in blue will face Houston once again. 2008-05-09 hometown Dodgers Lose 7-1 Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Name * Email * Website Comment You may use these HTML tags and attributes:   <acronym title="">
      <q cite="">   tweet Print This!


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Iconfactory : Search : How do I use your desktop pictures on my Mac? The Iconfactory Contact About Us Preferences Search: Home Freeware Software Stock Icons Design Services Search Results 5 items in cart - View Cart Similar Results Similar Results The following items are similar to How do I use your desktop pictures on my Mac?: Home Search for similar items Mindy Weaver releases her latest desktop picture inspired by Yukari from the hit Japanese Anime Azumanga Daioh. Freeware Search for similar items Starships Compare sizes and designs of several starships of the Federation in this technical desktop picture from Corey. Search for similar items Dark Kaitou Dark contemplates his next art heist in this desktop picture inspired by the anime series D.N. Angel. Search for similar items Yukari Yukari gives a helpful tip in this light and fun desktop picture inspired by the anime series Azumanga Daioh. Support Search for similar items How do I use your wallpapers on my iPhone? Save the picture to either your iPhoto library (Mac) or your My Pictures folder (PC), sync via iTunes and set the wallpaper. Search for similar items How do I use desktop pictures on my Windows PC? There are several easy steps you can take to make use of the desktop pictures or wallpapers, at the Iconfactory. Search for similar items What is iPulse? iPulse is a compact and clever application that monitors the inner workings of Mac OS X like CPU usage, RAM and more. Search for similar items Why don't my Finder icons display and update properly? The Mac Finder has an unfortunate tendency to cache icons instead of updating them as it is supposed to. Search for similar items Can I add a background picture to an OS X disk image? Yes, but the trick is to make sure the picture you are adding is in a subfolder of the disk you are creating. Search for similar items What are custom icons used for exactly? Custom icons are a visual way to quickly identify and locate various files and folders on your computer's desktop. About Searching The Iconfactory search engine is a great tool to help you find whatever you are looking for. We have associated keywords with all of the content available on the site. These keywords span icon sets, desktop pictures, iPulse Jackets, software products, support items, design services projects and even news page postings. In order to make it easy for you to find what you are looking for, we have built some features into our search engine that allow you to customize your search: Helpful Search Tips Try different terms: There are many words to describe content. For example, television or TV. Try several different words and/or combinations, to vary the results.
Clker.com is owned by Rolera LLC, 2270 Route 30, Oswego, IL 60543 support\at\clker\dot\com


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Friday, 13 June 2014
A thing about writing.
No new pictures to show this week, but hey, words are exciting too right? And I haven't talked much about the writing process yet, cause the drawing had been so all-consuming up until now.
Last time I checked in, I mentioned having to redraft chapter 2. The redraft was necessary because actually knuckling down and drawing the first chapter of this story has had a much more profound impact on the way I think about the characters and their environment than I expected. Bringing the little nuances of finished storytelling into being - like contemplating the small, practical details of finished environments - has set all sorts of ideas tumbling in my head, and brought my grasp of the wholeness of the world of The Firelight Isle into sharp focus.
This may sound pretty vague... I mean the story has been written and thumbnailed, already. None-the-less, there are scenes later on in the story that I struggled with whilst writing them, and this nebulous new understanding I've arrived at has shed light on why that was the case. I've also worried on and off that the middle third of the story lacks focus, and the reasons for that have suddenly become very clear!
In what has been a slightly fevered few weeks of writing, I've dragged together all my old notes and put together a comprehensive and organised database of info on the story, updating details that have changed and adding new entries on culture, tradition, character and theme when appropriate.
Having done this means that I've been able to dig into the story, tighten up all the loose bolts and restructure the weaker sections... all without running into any frustrations other than the regular interruptions of life!
The rewrite is still in progress... I've restructured the whole story in synopsis form, and am now going through each chapter in detail, writing new scenes and editing dialogue on old ones. The final result will be a real Frankenstein's monster of script, cut-up thumbnails, and notes-to-self, but I can't wait to have it finished so I can start bringing life to Chapter 2!


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Calypso Control Systems and SchoolView Technologies Partner to Implement the 21st Century School Vision
HUDSON, WIS., July 24, 2008 â The idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts extends into and beyond the classroom. This principle is evident in a new partnership between classroom technology leader Calypso Control Systems and K-12 enterprise software development leader SchoolView Technologies.
The result of the partnership is the development of a single, fully-integrated platform for managing school technologies â from classroom A/V technology to bell, clock, public address, digital signage and emergency alert systems. Unlike any solution currently available, the integration of SchoolView Technologiesâ CampusSV⢠and Calypsoâs ezRoom⢠Classroom system produces a comprehensive school and classroom management solution that embodies the vision of the 21st Century School.
âWith both organizations singularly focused on delivering on the vision of the 21st Century School, the synergy is enormous,â? said David H. Parish, Ph.D., president of Calypso Control Systems. âNot only are we striving for the same goal, both organizations place a high value on the use of technology to help strengthen the education infrastructure in North America and around the world.â?
Calypso and SchoolView Technologies recognize that as technology becomes more prevalent in the classrooms, it is critical that the technical infrastructure is in place to support the learning process. As such, the companies have developed innovative technology solutions:
⢠SchoolView Technologiesâ CampusSV is the only solution available that modernizes and combines traditional and 21st Century School technologies into a single, networked comprehensive school management platform.
⢠Calypsoâs ezRoom Classroom system brings together state-of-the-art control, interface, audio and connectivity products quickly, reliably and cost effectively. With the addition of a projector, screen and A/V source devices, the ezRoom provides administrators and faculty with the tools necessary to build, use and manage â21st Century Classroomsâ?.
âThe partnership provides a complete solution for the management and control of technology in schools today and well into the future,â? said Michael A. Yonks, president of SchoolView Technologies. âThe combination of our technologies opens up the classroom, campus and district to the full benefits of the network environment.â?
Inside the classroom, CampusSV integrates closely with ezRoom to provide an intuitive and secure browser-based interface for control of all A/V devices. When the streaming video option is in use, instructors have full control of video-on-demand content from their computers. Administrators have full remote monitoring, control and reporting capabilities that can be used to troubleshoot problems, broadcast content and interface with security features through the system.
The first school district to benefit from the partnership is the Franklin Independent School District (ISD) in Franklin, Texas. A leader in the area of instructional technology, the Franklin ISD system utilizes CampusSV as a single integrated platform with a simple GUI from which district administrators can distribute audio, video and control signals through the schools. The solution has been installed in 68 classrooms with an additional 30 rooms being installed before classes begin this fall.
More than a product development partnership, the relationship extends to marketing efforts as well. Calypso and SchoolView Technologies are actively promoting the total solution and the collective components to dealers, consultants, administrators and technology directors in promotional materials, Web sites, trade shows and demo rooms.
About SchoolView Technologies
Located in Plano, Texas, SchoolView Technologies, LLC, is a software provider of advanced applications to schools through intuitive and secure user interface controls. SchoolView Technologiesâ CampusSV provides an efficient, flexible and intuitive school management solution, while fully addressing the requirements of the 21st Century Classroom. For more information on SchoolView Technologies, please visit www.schoolviewtech.com or call (972) 403-7778.
About Calypso Control Systems
Calypso Control Systems, headquartered in Hudson, WI, is a manufacturer of a full range of open architecture control, user interface, audio, microphone and connectivity products designed to make it easier to build, manage and use 21st Century Classrooms. Calypso products are sold exclusively through commercial audio-video electronics dealers throughout North America and around the world. For more information on Calypso Control Systems, please visit www.calypsocontrol.com or call (715) 381-9646.
Related Topics: AV Control Systems, Education, News
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- / Are there any specific issues I should be concerned about in buying a used one w/175,000 miles on i...
Are there any specific issues I should be concerned about in buying a used one w/175,000 miles on it?
5 Answers
Tom answered about a year ago
Are you saying it has a salvage title? If so, I wouldn't personal purchase it, but if you want to save some money by purchasing it, then have a local mechanic look it over for you to assure you it is safe to drive and nothing is currently wrong with it. At least for piece of mind and your wallet.
Racer_X answered about a year ago
Don't do it! I just answered your other question about the airbags being deployed on this Volvo. I had an '06 Volvo S40 and I can personally tell you that repairs on this European car AREN'T cheap. Plus, with mileage THAT high + damage it sustained, you're looking at a money pit that you REALLY don't want to be in.
Js08016 answered about a year ago
If you're planning to resurrect it to drive, be CAREFUL! Here in NJ there is a LONG list of things that must be done before a salvage title can be changed to a rebuilt title. In NJ a salvage title vehicle can NEVER again have a clear title. Only a rebuilt title can be issued. This will absolutely kill it's resale value. Check the DMV laws where you're at before you proceed!! HTH. -Jim
Michael answered about a year ago
Duck and RUN! With the residual value of he car, the damage is very severe to warrant a salvage title. There is likely no way to get that car completely back to the way it should be, and repairs to them are EXPENSIVE. So expensive I would never consider owning any Volvo, no matter the history.
Jesse answered about a year ago
I agree with most of these guys, just walk away. If the air bags have been deployed then that alone is costly enough. I'd look into your states DMV laws before going to far.
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2002 Volvo V70 2.4T
Shopping & Pricing
about to buy a used Volvo. Need some honest info/advice 2 answers
Hi, My husband is about to purchase what he thinks is a great find. It is a 1999 Volvo XC70 or V70 Cross Country AWD Wagon. I am worried we will make a mistake again (we bought a used car some years...
1999 Volvo V70 4 Dr T5 Turbo Wagon
Shopping & Pricing
engine turns over, but won't fire...why? 18 answers
1998 Volvo V70 XC AWD 2.4L, 5 cyl. I recently pulled the engine and transmission in order to replace old seals and gaskets. The car has 225,000 miles and was leaking everywhere, but other than that,...
1998 Volvo V70 4 Dr XC Turbo AWD Wagon
Maintenance & Repair
Help!!! My ac on my 98 V70 does not work. Not a bad problem if the power windows work, but sometimes when my car is sitting in the heat and sun I get in and the radio won't work, the windows won't w 6 answers
1998 Volvo V70
Maintenance & Repair
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Elk Lighting Emilion Emilion 2183/6 6 Light Chandelier in Burnt Bronze Finish Burnt Bronze
Item #: 34821836CH-P
Description: Drawing Its Inspiration From The Creative Spirit Of The French Renaissance,Emilion Incorporates Styles Indicative Of The Era,Blending Natural Influences With Elegant Charm. The Burnt Bronze Finished Metalwork Allows The Crystal Embellishments To Radiate. The Distinctive Attributes Meld Together To Form A Compelling Statement Of Originality.
- Collection: Emilion
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- Dimension: 28" H x 23" W
- Light Type: Chandeliers
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The island is small so it did not take us long to get to the opposite end. The light house is anti-climatic. The view from the bluff just past the light is awesome. It was nice being that high off the water to enjoy the view.
we traveled a good section of the footpath looking for the yellow footed brown boobies and we actually did see three even though they usually don't come until november
Terrific walk to see the brown boobies up close. Some fluffy babies, as well as adults nesting and soaring on the wind currents. They are not shy, and I was able to get some super photos. We started at Peter's cave, hiked thru the treed pasture then over the open bluff to the light house. Took us about 3 hrs... More
Be sure to wear good shoes, pack water & snacks. Most of all be in shape, the walk takes up to 1-2 hours depending on your level of health, time you want to spend. This is really a nice walk to break up diving.
Our family hiked a portion of the lighthouse trail and had amazing views of many nesting Brown Boobies. Our daughter loved being able to see eggs and baby chicks. Be sure to wear proper footwear and bring water and sunscreen.
If you join the trail at the lighthouse end then it is a 20-30 minute drive down a straight road at the top of the brac through the woods. We enjoyed seeing the farm animals along the way and searching for the parrots at the reserve. (No luck spotting them, however.) The view is amazing along the trail (or off... More
Very rugged and a wonderful way to pass a couple of hours on the bluff. Watch your step though because while there is a path it is quite grown-over in places and it is easy to put a foot wrong.
You don't go to this site for the lighthouse. Its just a steel structure but the view over the cliff is pretty cool. It is very hot on this end of the island so take water and good shoes, no sandals the iron shore will not be kind.
I am not sure which is the foothpath. I drove to the top of the brac where the light house is and walked all the way but did not go down to Peters cave. It was really hot so take an umbrella and water. At some point there are weeds covering the path so you have to traipse through weeds.... More
This was a nice little find, we could get some hiking in, between laying on the beach! Saw baby boobi's on the cliff edges, beautiful view of the ocean.
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Bic Flex 4 Men's Shaver - 3 pack
Find shaving and hair removal at Target.com! The flex 4 men's shaver from bic is designed for sensitive skin. Equipped with four flexible blades, the shaver provides you with an ultra-smooth shave. Its pivoting head helps you shave those hard-to-reach spots.


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I've ordered several things from MJM Magic and have been more than happy with the service. Orders are sent quickly even using the free shipping. The...Read More ->
I received several e-mails from customer service letting me know the status of my orders and keeping me informed every step of the way when my Lefler...Read More ->


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New International Reader's Version (NIRV) | New International Version (NIV) |
11 The people of Israel gave them Kiriath Arba and the grasslands that were around it. Kiriath Arba is also called Hebron. It's in the hill country of Judah. Anak came from the family line of Arba. | 11 They gave them Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron), with its surrounding pastureland, in the hill country of Judah. (Arba was the forefather of Anak.) |
Holy Bible, New International Reader's Version® Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1998 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Reader's Version Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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"This was a delightful treat. The wrap was fresh, light and delicious. It was as though you were eating a freshly prepared salad with all of the fixins. Loved it and will add it to my list of "keepers". Thanks for sharing.""


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Western dress codes
Sportswear or activewear is clothing, including footwear, worn for sport or physical exercise. Sport-specific clothing is worn for most sports and physical exercise, for practical, comfort or safety reasons.
The social impact of the thong has been covered extensively in the media, ranging from a ban on wearing thongs to thongs for the underaged. The rise of thong usage has been linked to a rise of sexual fetish in society and a rise in the desire to go unclothed.
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You'll be hard-pressed to find another site that is so dedicated to customer satisfaction as is MJM Magic. The staff at MJM Magic go out of their way...Read More ->
I must confess I hate to do any of these types of testimonials and such. I avoid them like the plague or door-to-door solicitors. 8^) However,...Read More ->


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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
Beltzville Lake Travel Tips
Get the family together at Beltzville Lake cabins for a fun-filled celebration! Whether you are looking for a peaceful week surrounded by natural beauty, or if you are eager to get some exercise, you should discover Beltzville Lake house rentals.
Find Fun-Filled Vacations at Beltzville Lake Cabins
You can explore the towns that surround the Beltzville Lake house rentals, each full of shops, stores and restaurants. For a family adventure, tour The Old Jail Museum which is only 20 minutes away. The lake also provides ample opportunity to rediscover water skiing, take an evening for fishing, or an afternoon of sunbathing. Winter months mean plenty of cross country skiing, snowboarding, tubing and snowmobiling. There's also rock climbing for the most adventurous, and golfing for the most relaxed.
Discover the Activities of Beltzville Lake
Getting your whole family to agree on what to do for fun can be more than difficult when bringing together different age groups and interests. This makes it especially important that you pick a vacation spot that will be enjoyable for everyone. This is precisely what makes Poconos vacation rentals such a gem. There is hiking for the active members of the group, beaches for those who enjoy swimming and tanning, and even the Crossing Premium Outlets in Scotrun, Pennsylvania, for those who crave a shopping excursion.
Stay Occupied even When Staying In
Spending a whole day in one of the Beltzville Lake cabins won't drag by either. Walking trails riddle the area, and open spaces for sports or picnics are perfect for group activities. A living area means great movie marathons, and equally wonderful is a large kitchen. Your Beltzville Lake cabins could include just these things, making your vacation the perfect gathering place. With Beltzville Lake house rentals, you can choose the type of vacation you want to have, and never lose the convenience of space for you and your guests.


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Fri, Apr 23, 10 at 0:23
I have a few corms of a few different species to trade - albus, atroviridis, konjac, symonianus, thaiensis. Anyone interested? Would always be interested in Amorpophallus species I don't have or other surprises. |
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FW police say officer fired shot when gunman charged, Tex.
By Nancy Calaway
The Dallas Morning News
March 24, 2001
(Fort Worth, TX) - Fort Worth police said an officer feared for his life Thursday night when he shot and killed a man who ran toward him with a shotgun.
Jonathan R. Carlson, 21, of Fort Worth died after being shot once in the neck.
Officer J.G. Holman, a seven-year member of the Fort Worth department, was placed on administrative leave, a routine procedure in all officer-involved shootings. He could not be reached for comment.
Police officials said a south Fort Worth traffic stop went awry when Mr. Carlson fired a shotgun blast into Officer Holman's car before chasing the officer around a gas station and then aiming the gun at the officer.
"It really was a scary situation for the officer," said Lt. Duane Paul, a police spokesman. "We haven't gotten anything that would help the detectives with what was going on with Mr. Carlson or his motivation."
A family friend at Mr. Carlson's residence Friday said the family is trying to cope with Mr. Carlson's unexpected death and declined to comment further.
Officer Holman, a neighborhood police officer in the south division, was working a special assignment Thursday night targeting burglaries along the Interstate 35W business corridor.
About 11:40 p.m., Officer Holman pulled over a car that he said was weaving in and out of traffic. They stopped at the Texaco gas station at 414 E. Seminary Drive, police said. Before the officer could get out of his squad car, the car's driver stood up through the sunroof and fired one shotgun blast, hitting the police car's windshield, Lt. Paul said. Officer Holman was inside the car but was not injured.
The officer began to back his patrol car up, and the other car's driver followed it around the gas station at least twice, police said. The driver then pulled away from the gas station in the wrong direction on Seminary Drive.
The driver stopped his car about a block away in front of a restaurant, police said. Officer Holman pulled in front of the driver, who police said immediately got out of his car and ran toward the officer while aiming the shotgun at him, Lt. Paul said.
Officer Holman fired once with his department-issued handgun. The driver, later identified as Mr. Carlson, died at the scene.
"There's no such thing as a routine traffic stop because you just don't know what someone has or what they might do," Lt. Paul said. About "99.9 percent of the time, things go smoothly, but in that one-tenth of 1 percent, things can go bad very quickly."
A warrant for Mr. Carlson's arrest had been issued in Johnson County for probation violation. Officials said he was on probation for unlawfully carrying a weapon and had a previous arrest for aggravated assault on a peace officer.
Officer Holman's record of any commendations or discipline was not available Friday, but officials said he had not been involved in a shooting since he joined the force in 1993.
Separate criminal and internal investigations into the officer's use of deadly force will be conducted, police said.
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Carmike Cinemas Announces Pricing Of $210 Million Of Senior Secured Notes Due 2019
Carmike Cinemas, Inc. (NASDAQ: CKEC) today announced the pricing of its previously announced unregistered offering of $210 million aggregate principal amount of 7.375% Senior Secured Notes Due 2019, pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The notes were priced at par and will bear an interest rate of 7.375% per annum payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15, beginning on November 15, 2012. Carmike expects to close the offering of the notes on or about April 27, 2012, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.
Carmike also expects to enter into a new $25 million senior secured revolving credit facility to replace its existing revolving credit facility. Carmike expects the new credit facility to remain undrawn at closing.
The net proceeds from the offering will be used to retire Carmike's existing term loan and to pay related fees and expenses, and any remaining net proceeds will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
The notes will not be registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any state and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws.
This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the notes, nor shall it constitute an offer, solicitation or sale in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale is unlawful. About Carmike Cinemas ( www.carmike.com ) Carmike Cinemas, Inc. is a U.S. leader in digital cinema and 3-D cinema deployments and one of the nation's largest motion picture exhibitors. As of December 31, 2011, Carmike had 237 theatres with 2,254 screens in 35 states. Carmike's digital cinema footprint reached 2,128 screens, including 210 theatres with 744 screens that are also equipped for 3-D. Carmike's focus for its theatre locations is small to mid-sized communities.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Inspiring And Enabling People
To Make A Difference
The Magic 10 Tips on Networking
Having interviewed nearly 50 networking experts from around the world it was clear that there are some clear operating principles...
Simon Phillips is the leading authority on how to turn your dreams into reality – both in business and in life. His practical tools and techniques have been shared with thousands of personal clients and major corporates. Whether your challenge is balancing your life, fulfilling your potential or doubling the effectiveness of your teams, Simon can help you get there…quickly and painlessly.


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Phone: (501) 771-8200
School Type: Regular
School Level:
Other or Ungraded School
School Status: Operational
School District: N. Little Rock School District
County: Pulaski
Location: Small City (less than 100,000)
Students: 1,371
Teachers: 99
Student-Teacher Ratio: 13.8 to 1
Lowest Grade in School: 09
Highest Grade in School: 10
Students by Grade
Grade 9: 853
Grade 10: 518
Corrections to the school database are encouraged! School Edit Form.
Nlr High School-East Campus, AR
(< 0.1 mile) Lakewood Middle School, AR (0.2 miles E) Lakewood Elementary School, AR (0.9 miles WNW) Crestwood Elementary School, AR (1.3 miles NNW) Lisa Academy North Elem School, AR (1.4 miles NE) |
Lisa Academy North High School, AR
(1.4 miles NE)
Lisa Academy North Middle School, AR (1.4 miles NE) Park Hill Elementary School, AR (1.7 miles W) Glenview Elementary School, AR (1.7 miles SE) Pike View Elementary School, AR (1.9 miles WNW) |
Calvary Academy, AR
(1.2 miles WSW)
Immaculate Conception School, AR (2.2 miles N) Levy Christian Kindergarten, AR (2.2 miles WNW) Full Counsel Preparatory Academy, AR (2.4 miles WSW) North Little Rock Montessori Sch, AR (2.7 miles NNW) |
North Little Rock Catholic Acade, AR
(3.1 miles WSW)
St. Edwards School, AR (3.8 miles SSW) The Episcopal Collegiate School, AR (4 miles SW) The Cathedral School, AR (4.5 miles SW) Victory Baptist School, AR (4.8 miles NNE) |
The Demographic Data for the 2,452 Arkansas cities, towns, counties, ZIP Codes and Census Designated Places (CDPs) profiled in this gazetteer is updated annually. Last Update: July 1, 2014.
The ZIP Code maps and the data regarding the number of residential and business addresses in each ZIP Code are updated four times per year. Last Update: November 1, 2014.
The information on the 42,864 Arkansas Physical, Cultural and Historic Features is updated six times per year. Last Update: December 2, 2014.
The School Attendance Zone Maps for 1,110 Arkansas public schools are updated four times per year. Last Update: October 6, 2014.


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Featured Article
In a report released today Environment Connecticut is calling on factories and other industrial facilities to reduce their use of toxic chemicals. The group is also asking the US Environmental Protection Agency to be more restrictive when it issues permits to industry.
In its report, Environment Connecticut says businesses dumped nearly 440,000 pounds of toxic chemicals into the state's waterways in 2007. The group based its findings on the most recent statistics from the US Environmental Protection Agency. The agency got their numbers from the companies themselves, who have legal permits for these discharges. Environment Connecticut calls Pfizer the states "largest reported polluter in Connecticut in 2007", pointing to the 178,000 pounds of waste legally released into the Thames River that year. In a written statement Pfizer said the releases were conducted in accordance with all applicable permits and regulations. And that since this data was collected the company has stopped manufacturing next to the river.
Environment Connecticut also points out that 1300 pounds of waste were released by other companies into the Quinnipiac River. Despite these numbers fewer pollutants are dumped into rivers and streams in Connecticut than most states in the country. But Nancy Pyne of Environment Connecticut said no waterways should be polluted.
"None of the states in the country should have to be dealing with water contamination, especially contaminants that can cause cancer, reproductive issues and developmental issues as well. "
Environment Connecticut is calling on the government to require chemical manufacturers to test all the chemicals they make for safety and provide that information to the public.


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I tried to install Linux Fedora on my P3 700 Mhz PC on VIA board to the new slave hard disk of 80 Gb capacity.Windows Xp Sp2 was installed on my 20 Gb Maxtor hard disk and my Pc bios is Award Bios V4.51 PG.
After installation I could boot both operating systems without any problem.
But after few booting I found that old Maxtor hard disks Shown as "Maxtor Draco" and fails to boot with Boot failure message.
This problem occurs only when both hard disks are connected at a time, and I found that the Maxtor hard disk no more functional.
I tried to format the hard disk tusing windows Xp sp2 CD o NTFs and failed.
But later I succeded to re format in FAT32 format. I then installed Win Xp SP2 on the system in my new 80 GB Hard disk.
But the old hard disk some times not detected by Bios and if detected it appears as Maxtor DRACO.
But in the both cases hard disk not found in Windows. In few cases it is Ok but when restarted after power failure such problems re appear. In few cases CD ROm was also not detected after this incident.
More over I could here some bleep sounds(two successive bleeps) occassionaly and at that time Pc not starting normal.
Now I doubt my System Bios corrupted due to some conflict beween Win Xp SP2 and Linux.
Any solution for this problem, Any Expert opinion is highly appreciated.