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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Fundamental Physics Highlights | Neutron Science | ORNL
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Fundamental Physics Fundamental Physics SHARE Fundamental Physics Highlights 1-3 of 3 Results Neutron experiments give unprecedented look at quantum oscillations October 23, 2012 - Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have found that nitrogen atoms in the compound uranium nitride exhibit unexpected, distinct vibrations that form a nearly ideal realization of a physics textbook model known as the isotropic quantum harmonic oscillator. Beam Line 13 Fuels Discovery Fever for Fundamental Physicists June 01, 2011 - Kucuker Dogan (left) and Matthew Musgrave prepare a helium-3 cooling cell that is used to measure the angle at which the neutron beam strikes the liquid hydrogen sample. Fast Proton Hopping in Ice (Ih) Confirmed by Quasi-Elastic Neutron
FNPB: the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beam Line at SNS | ORNL...
the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beam Line at SNS FNPB user Elise Martin Users conduct experiments on the most basic of physics questions at the SNS Fundamental Neutron Physics Beam...
The Implementation of a Super Mirror Polarizer at the SNS Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline
SciTech Connect
A new bender supermirror polarizer is used to polarize the cold neutron beam at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source. We present the design of a compensation magnet that was built around the polarizer to minimize the polarizer fringe fields that could compromise the magnetic field requirements of the NPDGamma experiment for the field uniformity in the spin rotator and the field direction in the liquid hydrogen target located downstream from the polarizer. The entire magnetic field environment of the experiment has been analyzed using a finite-element model. Measurements of the magnetic field gradients and field direction have been carried out and the results are less than the upper limits required in the experiment. According to the results the compensated fields meet the stringent magnetic field requirements of the experiment defined by the systematic errors that have to be well below the statistical uncertainty of 10 8 in our main observable, the gamma asymmetry in neutron capture on hydrogen. We describe the design of the magnetic field, the construction of the compensation magnet, and we compare results of the field measurements with the results from the model.
Balascuta, S. [Arizona State University; Alarcon, R. [Arizona State University; Baessler, S. [University of Virginia and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Greene, Geoffrey [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Mietke, A [Technische Universitat Dresden; Crawford, C. [University of Kentucky, Lexington; Milburn, R. [University of Kentucky, Lexington; Penttila, Seppo [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Prince, J. [University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Sch�dler, J. [Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany & University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Test of some Fundamental Principles in Physics via Quantum Interference with Neutrons and Photons
E-Print Network (OSTI)
The limitations and possibilities that the concept of quantum interference offers as a tool for testing fundamental physics are explored here. The use of neutron interference as an instrument to confront against measurement readouts some of the principles behind metric theories of gravity will be analyzed, as well as some discrepancies between theory and experiment. The main restrictions that this model embodies for the study of some of the features of the structure of space--time will be explicitly pointed out. For instance, the conditions imposed by the necessary use of the semiclassical approximation. Additionally, the role that photon interference could play as an element in this context is also considered. In this realm we explore the differences between first-order and second-order coherence experiments, and underline the fact that the Hanbury--Brown--Twiss effect could open up some interesting experimental possibilities in the analysis of the structure of space--time. The void, in connection with the description of wave phenomena, implicit in the principles of metric theories is analyzed. The conceptual difficulties, that this void entails, are commented.
Abel Camacho; Abel Camacho-Galvan
Quantum Complexity and Fundamental Physics
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Quantum Complexity and Fundamental Physics. Scott Aaronson Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory ...
Gravitational waves and fundamental physics
I give an overview of the motivations for gravitational-wave research, concentrating on the aspects related to ``fundamental'' physics.
Michele Maggiore
Fundamental physics and Lorentz violation
The violation of Lorentz symmetry can arise in a variety of approaches to fundamental physics. For the description of the associated low-energy effects, a dynamical framework known as the Standard-Model Extension has been developed. This talk gives a brief review of the topic focusing on Lorentz violation through varying couplings.
Ralf Lehnert
DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Classical Physics
The Classical Physics Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of physical forces and their properties. The handbook includes information on the units used to measure physical properties; vectors, and how they are used to show the net effect of various forces; Newton`s Laws of motion, and how to use these laws in force and motion applications; and the concepts of energy, work, and power, and how to measure and calculate the energy involved in various applications. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility systems and equipment.
Not Available
The Classical Physics Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of physical forces and their properties. The handbook includes information on the units used to measure physical properties; vectors, and how they are used to show the net effect of various forces; Newton's Laws of motion, and how to use these laws in force and motion applications; and the concepts of energy, work, and power, and how to measure and calculate the energy involved in various applications. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility systems and equipment.
Physics Out Loud - Neutron
Matter Previous Video (Matter) Physics Out Loud Main Index Next Video (Niobium) Niobium Neutron Karl Slifer, a physicist based at the University of New Hampshire and who conducts...
CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical ...
Page 1. CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2002* Peter J. Mohr� and Barry N. Taylor ...
a BLACK HOLES AND FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
We give a review of classical, thermodynamic and quantum properties of black holes relevant to fundamental physics. 1.
Jos� P. S. Lemos; Centro Multidisciplinar; Astrof�sica Centra
Perspectives in Fundamental Physics in Space
We discuss the fundamental principles underlying the current physical theories and the prospects of further improving their knowledge through experiments in space.
Orfeu Bertolami; Clovis Jacinto de Matos; Jean Christophe Grenouilleau; Olivier Minster; Sergio Volonte
Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST
The NIST Reference on Constants, Units and Uncertainty, Information at the foundation of modern science and technology from the Physical ...
Light particles - A window to fundamental physics
In these proceedings we illustrate that light, very weakly interacting particles can arise naturally from physics which is fundamentally connected to very high energy scales. Searching for them therefore may give us interesting new insights into the structure of fundamental physics. Prime examples are the axion, and more general axion-like particles, as well as hidden sector photons and matter charged under them.
Joerg Jaeckel
Inflationary cosmology and fundamental physics
This thesis is a collection of several papers at the interface between cosmology, particle physics, and field theory. In the first half, we examine topics that are directly related to inflation: axions, string theory, and ...
Hertzberg, Mark Peter
Addressing the Crisis in Fundamental Physics
I present the case for fundamental physics experiments in space playing an important role in addressing the current "dark energy'' crisis. If cosmological observations continue to favor a value of the dark energy equation of state parameter w=-1, with no change over cosmic time, then we will have difficulty understanding this new fundamental physics. We will then face a very real risk of stagnation unless we detect some other experimental anomaly. The advantages of space-based experiments could prove invaluable in the search for the a more complete understanding of dark energy. This talk was delivered at the start of the Fundamental Physics Research in Space Workshop in May 2006.
Christopher W. Stubbs
Hypernuclear Physics for Neutron Stars
The role of hypernuclear physics for the physics of neutron stars is delineated. Hypernuclear potentials in dense matter control the hyperon composition of dense neutron star matter. The three-body interactions of nucleons and hyperons determine the stiffness of the neutron star equation of state and thereby the maximum neutron star mass. Two-body hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions give rise to hyperon pairing which exponentially suppresses cooling of neutron stars via the direct hyperon URCA processes. Non-mesonic weak reactions with hyperons in dense neutron star matter govern the gravitational wave emissions due to the r-mode instability of rotating neutron stars.
Jurgen Schaffner-Bielich
DOE fundamentals handbook: Nuclear physics and reactor theory. Volume 1
The Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of nuclear physics and reactor theory. The handbook includes information on atomic and nuclear physics; neutron characteristics; reactor theory and nuclear parameters; and the theory of reactor operation. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the scientific principles that are associated with various DOE nuclear facility operations and maintenance.
DOE fundamentals handbook: Nuclear physics and reactor theory
DOE fundamentals handbook: Nuclear physics and reactor theory. Volume 2
Neutron Physics Group
... spectrum and fluencies is essential for several ... Neutron Interferometer and Optics Facility performed a ... other neutron scattering facilities depends on ...
Baryogenesis and its implications to fundamental physics
In this talk I shall explain some basic concepts of baryogenesis and leptogenesis theory, and a new idea of experimental method of verification of fundamental ingredients of leptogenesis theory; the Majorana nature and the absolute magnitude of neutrino masses. Both of these are important to the quest of physics beyond the standard theory, and have far reaching implications irrespective of any particular medel of leptogenesis. If this new method works ideally, there is even a further possibility of detecting relic neutrinos.
Yoshimura, M. [Center of Quantum Universe and Department of Physics, Okayama University Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Okayama 700-8530 (Japan)
Physics of Neutron Star Crusts
The physics of neutron star crusts is vast, involving many different research fields, from nuclear and condensed matter physics to general relativity. This review summarizes the progress, which has been achieved over the last few years, in modeling neutron star crusts, both at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The confrontation of these theoretical models with observations is also briefly discussed.
N. Chamel; P. Haensel
Physics @ Oxford SCATTERING NEUTRONS
1 Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA) Purpose and New Initiatives www.neutronscattering.org SNS/ANL School on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering June 2011 Visit us now on Facebook #12;2 What is the NSSA? NSSA is an organization of scientists and engineers with a common interest in using neutron
Herz, Laura M.
Physics of solar neutron production: Questionable detection of neutrons
) A short introduction is given to astrophysics of neutron stars and to physics of dense matter in neutron stars. Observed properties of astro- physical objects containing neutron stars are discussed. Current scenarios regarding formation and evolution of neutron stars in those objects are presented. Physical
Share, Gerald
Problems of Cosmological Variability of Fundamental Physical Constants
of the fundamental constants which govern most of the common phenomena and are usually given in the handbooks. NoteProblems of Cosmological Variability of Fundamental Physical Constants #3; D. A. Varshalovich, A. Y and astronomical observations aimed at testing the possible space-time variability of fundamental physical
Nuclear Physics of Neutron Stars
Understanding the equation of state (EOS) of cold nuclear matter, namely, the relation between the pressure and energy density, is a central goal of nuclear physics that cuts across a variety of disciplines. Indeed, the limits of nuclear existence, the collision of heavy ions, the structure of neutron stars, and the dynamics of core-collapse supernova, all depend critically on the equation of state of hadronic matter. In this contribution I will concentrate on the special role that nuclear physics plays in constraining the EOS of cold baryonic matter and its impact on the properties of neutron stars.
J. Piekarewicz
CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical ...
... As noted in CODATA-06, the binding energy for tritium, 3H, is ... This more fundamental way of handling the SMILETRAP group's results is motivated ...
... However, the binding energy for tritium, 3H, is not included in that table. ... This more fundamental way of handling the SMILETRAP group's results is ...
An Analysis of Astrophysics and Fundamental Physics from the Lyman-alpha Forest /
information regarding fundamental physics that is waiting toof Astrophysics and Fundamental Physics from the Lyman-alphaof Astrophysics and Fundamental Physics from the Lyman-alpha
Day, Aaron Joseph
Neutrino Physics: Fundamentals of Neutrino Oscillations
In this lecture we review some of the basic properties of neutrinos, in particular their mass and the oscillation behavior. First we discuss how to describe the neutrino mass. Then, under the assumption that neutrinos are massive and mixed, the fundamentals of the neutrino oscillations are discussed with emphasis on subtle aspects which have been overlooked in the past. We then review the terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments in the framework of three generations of neutrinos with the standard mass hierarchy. Finally, a brief summary of the current status of the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems will be given.
C. W. Kim
Torsion-balance probes of fundamental physics
This white paper is submitted as part of Snowmass2013 (subgroup CF2). The extraordinary sensitivity of torsion-balances can be used to search for the ultra-feeble forces suggested by attempts to unify gravity with the other fundamental interactions. The motivation, the results and their implications as well as the future prospects of this work are summarized. The experiments include tests of the universality of free fall (weak equivalence principle), probes of the short-distance behavior of gravity (inverse-square law tests for extra dimensions and exchange forces from new meV scale bosons), and Planck-scale tests of Lorentz invariance (preferred-frame effects, non-commutative geometries).
E. G. Adelberger
COLLOQUIUM: Fundamental Physics and the LHC: A Progress Report...
WC17APR2013NAHamed.pdf Last July's discovery of the Higgs particle at the Large Hadron Collider was a triumph for both experiment and theory in fundamental physics. But the...
Tutorial on Neutron Physics in Dosimetry
Almost since the time of the discovery of the neutron more than 70 years ago, efforts have been made to understand the effects of neutron radiation on tissue and, eventually, to use neutrons for cancer treatment. In contrast to charged particle or photon radiations which directly lead to release of electrons, neutrons interact with the nucleus and induce emission of several different types of charged particles such as protons, alpha particles or heavier ions. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the neutron-nucleus interaction is necessary for dose calculations and treatment planning with the needed accuracy. We will discuss the concepts of dose and kerma, neutron-nucleus interactions and have a brief look at nuclear data needs and experimental facilities and set-ups where such data are measured.
S. Pomp
The Nuclear Physics of Neutron Stars
A remarkable fact about spherically-symmetric neutron stars in hydrostatic equilibrium - the so-called Schwarzschild stars - is that the only physics that they are sensitive to is the equation of state of neutron-rich matter. As such, neutron stars provide a myriad of observables that may be used to constrain poorly known aspects of the nuclear interaction under extreme conditions of density. After discussing many of the fascinating phases encountered in neutron stars, I will address how powerful theoretical, experimental, and observational constraints may be used to place stringent limits on the equation of state of neutron-rich matter.
22.05 Neutron Science and Reactor Physics, Fall 2006
This course introduces fundamental properties of the neutron. It covers reactions induced by neutrons, nuclear fission, slowing down of neutrons in infinite media, diffusion theory, the few-group approximation, point ...
Bernard, John A.
Constraints on quintessence and new physics from fundamental constant
Changes in the values of the fundamental constants mu, the proton to electron mass ratio, and alpha, the fine structure constant due to rolling scalar fields have been discussed both in the context of cosmology and in new physics such as Super Symmetry (SUSY) models. This article examines the changes in these fundamental constants in a particular example of such fields, freezing and thawing slow roll quintessence. Constraints are placed on the product of a cosmological quantity, w, the equation of state parameter, and the square of the coupling constants for mu and alpha with the field, zeta_x, x = mu,alpha, using the existing observational limits on the values of Delta x/x. Various examples of slow rolling quintessence models are used to further quantify the constraints. Some of the examples appear to be rejected by the existing data which strongly suggests that conformation to the values of the fundamental constants in the early universe is a standard test that should be applied to any cosmological model or suggested new physics.
Rodger I. Thompson
Position-sensitive detection of slow neutrons: Survey of fundamental principles
This paper sets forth the fundamental principles governing the development of position-sensitive detection systems for slow neutrons. Since neutrons are only weakly interacting with most materials, it is not generally practical to detect slow neutrons directly. Therefore all practical slow neutron detection mechanisms depend on the use of nuclear reactions to ``convert`` the neutron to one or more charged particles, followed by the subsequent detection of the charged particles. The different conversion reactions which can be used are discussed, along with the relative merits of each. This is followed with a discussion of the various methods of charged particle detection, how these lend themselves to position-sensitive encoding, and the means of position encoding which can be applied to each case. Detector performance characteristics which may be of importance to the end user are discussed and related to these various detection and position-encoding mechanisms.
Crawford, R.K.
This paper sets forth the fundamental principles governing the development of position-sensitive detection systems for slow neutrons. Since neutrons are only weakly interacting with most materials, it is not generally practical to detect slow neutrons directly. Therefore all practical slow neutron detection mechanisms depend on the use of nuclear reactions to convert'' the neutron to one or more charged particles, followed by the subsequent detection of the charged particles. The different conversion reactions which can be used are discussed, along with the relative merits of each. This is followed with a discussion of the various methods of charged particle detection, how these lend themselves to position-sensitive encoding, and the means of position encoding which can be applied to each case. Detector performance characteristics which may be of importance to the end user are discussed and related to these various detection and position-encoding mechanisms.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES OF CO2-COAL INTERACTIONS USING NEUTRON SCATTERING AT CONDITIONS RELEVANT sites CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE IN UNMINABLE COAL SEAMS IS IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF A PORTFOLIO OF CO2 AND SORPTION CAPACITY FOR CO2 IN DIFFERENT COAL SEAMS NEEDS: ACHIEVE FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF FLUID
LARES/WEBER-SAT, frame-dragging and fundamental physics
After a brief introduction on the scientific objectives of the LARES/WEBER-SAT satellite we present the recent measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect using the nodes of the LAGEOS and LAGEOS 2 satellites and using the Earth gravity model EIGENGRACE02S obtained by the GRACE space mission, we also include some determination of the rate of change of the lowest order Earth's even zonal harmonics. Finally, we describe an interesting possibility of testing the Brane-World unified theory of fundamental interactions by the use of a specially designed LARES/WEBER-SAT satellite.
Ignazio Ciufolini
Fundamentals of health physics for the radiation-protection officer
The contents of this book on health physics include chapters on properties of radioactive materials, radiation instrumentation, radiation protection programs, radiation survey programs, internal exposure, external exposure, decontamination, selection and design of radiation facilities, transportation of radioactive materials, radioactive waste management, radiation accidents and emergency preparedness, training, record keeping, quality assurance, and appraisal of radiation protection programs. (ACR)
Murphy, B.L.; Traub, R.J.; Gilchrist, R.L.; Mann, J.C.; Munson, L.H.; Carbaugh, E.H.; Baer, J.L.
Lights! speed! action!: fundamentals of physical computing for programmers
The definition of "computer graphics" as used by artists in new media and kinetic areas of the arts is much more expansive than simply rendering to a screen. A visit to the SIGGRAPH 2013 Art Gallery, for example, reveals a wide variety of uses of physical ...
Erik Brunvand
Fundamental Physics with the Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity
The Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity (LATOR) is a joint European-U.S. Michelson-Morley-type experiment designed to test the pure tensor metric nature of gravitation - a fundamental postulate of Einstein's theory of general relativity. By using a combination of independent time-series of highly accurate gravitational deflection of light in the immediate proximity to the Sun, along with measurements of the Shapiro time delay on interplanetary scales (to a precision respectively better than 0.1 picoradians and 1 cm), LATOR will significantly improve our knowledge of relativistic gravity. The primary mission objective is to i) measure the key post-Newtonian Eddington parameter \\gamma with accuracy of a part in 10^9. (1-\\gamma) is a direct measure for presence of a new interaction in gravitational theory, and, in its search, LATOR goes a factor 30,000 beyond the present best result, Cassini's 2003 test. The mission will also provide: ii) first measurement of gravity's non-linear effects on light to ~0.01% accuracy; including both the Eddington \\beta parameter and also the spatial metric's 2nd order potential contribution (never measured before); iii) direct measurement of the solar quadrupole moment J2 (currently unavailable) to accuracy of a part in 200 of its expected size; iv) direct measurement of the "frame-dragging" effect on light by the Sun's gravitomagnetic field, to 1% accuracy. LATOR's primary measurement pushes to unprecedented accuracy the search for cosmologically relevant scalar-tensor theories of gravity by looking for a remnant scalar field in today's solar system. We discuss the mission design of this proposed experiment.
LATOR Collaboration; S. G. Turyshev; H. Dittus; M. Shao; K. L. Nordtvedt, Jr.; C. Laemmerzahl; S. Theil; W. Ertmer; E. Rasel; R. Foerstner; U. Johann; S. Klioner; M. Soffel; B. Dachwald; W. Seboldt; V. Perlick; M. C. W. Sandford; R. Bingham; B. Kent; T. J. Sumner; O. Bertolami; J. Paramos; B. Christophe; B. Foulon; P. Touboul; P. Bouyer; T. Damour; S. Reynaud; C. Salomon; A. Brillet; F. Bondu; J. -F. Mangin; E. Samain; C. Erd; J. C. Grenouilleau; D. Izzo; A. Rathke; S. W. Asmar; M. Colavita; Y. Gursel
Natural Nuclear Reactor Oklo and Variation of Fundamental Constants Part 1: Computation of Neutronics of Fresh Core
Using modern methods of reactor physics we have performed full-scale calculations of the natural reactor Oklo. For reliability we have used recent version of two Monte Carlo codes: Russian code MCU REA and world wide known code MCNP (USA). Both codes produce similar results. We have constructed a computer model of the reactor Oklo zone RZ2 which takes into account all details of design and composition. The calculations were performed for three fresh cores with different uranium contents. Multiplication factors, reactivities and neutron fluxes were calculated. We have estimated also the temperature and void effects for the fresh core. As would be expected, we have found for the fresh core a significant difference between reactor and Maxwell spectra, which was used before for averaging cross sections in the Oklo reactor. The averaged cross section of Sm-149 and its dependence on the shift of resonance position (due to variation of fundamental constants) are significantly different from previous results. Contrary to results of some previous papers we find no evidence for the change of the fine structure constant in the past and obtain new, most accurate limits on its variation with time: -4 10^{-17}year^{-1} < d alpha/dt/alpha < 3 10^{-17} year^{-1} A further improvement in the accuracy of the limits can be achieved by taking account of the core burnup. These calculations are in progress.
Yu. V. Petrov; A. I. Nazarov; M. S. Onegin; V. Yu. Petrov; E. G. Sakhnovsky
Thirteenth National School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering
Spallation-Driven Cold Neutron Sources Dr. Bradley J. Micklich Senior Physicist, Physics Division physics research Want neutron wavelengths about the dimensions of interest, or neutron energies that can using an intense source of longerwavelength neutrons fundamental nuclear physics (neutron halflife
PHYSICS COLLOQUIUM Thursday, October 27, 2011
of choice for many fundamental physics investigations. A prime example is the field of neutron a particularly versatile tool for testing fundamental physics concepts. Indeed just the existence of the neutron Physics at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland
Heller, Barbara
DOE-HDBK-1010-92; Doe Fundamentals Handbook Classical Physics
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
0-92 0-92 JUNE 1992 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK CLASSICAL PHYSICS U.S. Department of Energy FSC-6910 Washington, D.C. 20585 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This document has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information. P. O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; (615) 576-8401. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161. Order No. DE92019784 CLASSICAL PHYSICS Rev. 0 CP ABSTRACT The Classical Physics Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the
Photonic Design: From Fundamental Solar Cell Physics to Computational Inverse Design
Photonic innovation is becoming ever more important in the modern world. Optical systems are dominating shorter and shorter communications distances, LED's are rapidly emerging for a variety of applications, and solar cells show potential to be a mainstream technology in the energy space. The need for novel, energy-efficient photonic and optoelectronic devices will only increase. This work unites fundamental physics and a novel computational inverse design approach towards such innovation. The first half of the dissertation is devoted to the physics of high-efficiency solar cells. As solar cells approach fundamental efficiency limits, their internal physics transforms. Photonic considerations, instead of electronic ones, are the key to reaching the highest voltages and efficiencies. Proper photon management led to Alta Device's recent dramatic increase of the solar cell efficiency record to 28.3%. Moreover, approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit for any solar cell technology will require light extraction to ...
Miller, Owen D
Physics design of a cold neutron source for KIPT neutron source facility.
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) of USA and Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) of Ukraine have been collaborating on the conceptual design development of a neutron source facility. It is based on the use of an electron accelerator driven subcritical (ADS) facility with low enriched uranium fuel, using the existing electron accelerators at KIPT of Ukraine [1]. The neutron source of the subcritical assembly is generated from the interaction of 100-KW electron beam, which has a uniform spatial distribution and the electron energy in the range of 100 to 200 MeV, with a natural uranium target [2]. The main functions of the facility are the production of medical isotopes and the support of the Ukraine nuclear power industry. Neutron beam experiments and material studies are also included. Over the past two-three decades, structures with characteristic lengths of 100 {angstrom} and correspondingly smaller vibrational energies have become increasingly important for both science and technology [3]. The characteristic dimensions of the microstructures can be well matched by neutrons with longer vibrational wavelength and lower energy. In the accelerator-driven subcritical facility, most of the neutrons are generated from fission reactions with energy in the MeV range. They are slowed down to the meV energy range through scattering reactions in the moderator and reflector materials. However, the fraction of neutrons with energies less than 5 meV in a normal moderator spectrum is very low because of up-scattering caused by the thermal motion of moderator or reflector molecules. In order to obtain neutrons with energy less than 5 meV, cryogenically cooled moderators 'cold neutron sources' should be used to slow down the neutrons. These cold moderators shift the neutron energy spectrum down because the thermal motion of moderator molecules as well as the up-scattering is very small, which provides large gains in intensity of low energy neutrons, E < 5 meV. The accelerator driven subcritical facility is designed with a provision to add a cryogenically cooled moderator system. This cold neutron source could provide the neutrons beams with lower energy, which could be utilized in scattering experiment and material structures analysis. This study describes the performed physics analyses to define and characterize the cold neutron source of the KIPT neutron source facility. The cold neutron source is designed to optimize the cold neutron brightness to the experimental instruments outside the radial heavy concrete shield of the facility. Liquid hydrogen or solid methane with 20 K temperature is used as a cold moderator. Monte Carlo computer code MCNPX [4], with ENDF/B-VI nuclear data libraries, is utilized to calculate the cold neutron source performance and estimate the nuclear heat load to the cold moderator. The surface source generation capability of MCNPX code has been used to provide the possibility of analyzing different design configurations and perform design optimization analyses with reasonable computer resources. Several design configurations were analyzed and their performance were characterized and optimized.
Zhong, Z.; Gohar, Y.; Kellogg, R.; Nuclear Engineering Division
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) of USA and Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) of Ukraine have been collaborating on the conceptual design development of a neutron source facility. It is based on the use of an electron accelerator driven subcritical (ADS) facility with low enriched uranium fuel, using the existing electron accelerators at KIPT of Ukraine [1]. The neutron source of the subcritical assembly is generated from the interaction of 100-KW electron beam, which has a uniform spatial distribution and the electron energy in the range of 100 to 200 MeV, with a natural uranium target [2]. The main functions of the facility are the production of medical isotopes and the support of the Ukraine nuclear power industry. Neutron beam experiments and material studies are also included. Over the past two-three decades, structures with characteristic lengths of 100 {angstrom} and correspondingly smaller vibrational energies have become increasingly important for both science and technology [3]. The characteristic dimensions of the microstructures can be well matched by neutrons with longer vibrational wavelength and lower energy. In the accelerator-driven subcritical facility, most of the neutrons are generated from fission reactions with energy in the MeV range. They are slowed down to the meV energy range through scattering reactions in the moderator and reflector materials. However, the fraction of neutrons with energies less than 5 meV in a normal moderator spectrum is very low because of up-scattering caused by the thermal motion of moderator or reflector molecules. In order to obtain neutrons with energy less than 5 meV, cryogenically cooled moderators 'cold neutron sources' should be used to slow down the neutrons. These cold moderators shift the neutron energy spectrum down because the thermal motion of moderator molecules as well as the up-scattering is very small, which provides large gains in intensity of low energy neutrons, E neutron source could provide the neutrons beams with lower energy, which could be utilized in scattering experiment and material structures analysis. This study describes the performed physics analyses to define and characterize the cold neutron source of the KIPT neutron source facility. The cold neutron source is designed to optimize the cold neutron brightness to the experimental instruments outside the radial heavy concrete shield of the facility. Liquid hydrogen or solid methane with 20 K temperature is used as a cold moderator. Monte Carlo computer code MCNPX [4], with ENDF/B-VI nuclear data libraries, is utilized to calculate the cold neutron source performance and estimate the nuclear heat load to the cold moderator. The surface source generation capability of MCNPX code has been used to provide the possibility of analyzing different design configurations and perform design optimization analyses with reasonable computer resources. Several design configurations were analyzed and their performance were characterized and optimized.
Neutron Scattering Studies of Fundamental Processes in Earth Materials, Final Report
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The aim of this work was to use neutron scattering techniques to explore the dynamics and structure of water in rock samples. The dynamics of water in rock at low (residual) saturation are directly related to the transport properties of fluids within the host rock. The structure of water in rock may be related to the elastic behavior of the rock, which in many cases is nonlinear and hysteretic. Neutron scattering techniques allow us to study water in intact rock samples at both the molecular and microstructural scales. Our samples were Berea sandstone, Calico Hills and Prow Pass tuffs from Yucca Mountain, NV, and pure samples of the tuff constituents, specifically mordenite and clinoptilolite. We chose Berea sandstone because its macroscopic elastic behavior is known to be highly unusual, and the microscopic mechanisms producing this behavior are not understood. We chose Yucca Mountain tuff, because the fluid transport properties of the geologic structure at Yucca Mountain, Nevada could be relevant to the performance of a high level nuclear waste repository at that site. Neutron scattering methods have a number of properties that are extremely useful for the study of earth materials. In contrast to X-rays, neutrons have very low absorption cross-sections for most elements so that entire bulk samples of considerable size can be 'illuminated' by the neutron beam. Similarly, samples that are optically opaque can be readily investigated by inelastic neutron scattering techniques. Neutrons are equally sensitive to light atoms as to heavy atoms, and can, for example, readily distinguish between Al and Si, neighboring atoms in the periodic table that are difficult to tell apart by X-ray diffraction. Finally, neutrons are particularly sensitive to hydrogen and thus can be used to study the motions, both vibrational and diffusive, of H-containing molecules in rocks, most notably of course, water. Our studies were primarily studies of guest molecules (in our case, water) in a host material (rock). We used three neutron scattering techniques: quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS), inelastic neutron scattering (INS), and neutron powder diffraction (NPD). We used QNS to measure the translational and rotational diffusional motion of water in rock; INS vibrational spectra allowed us to determine the nature of residual water in a sample (disassociated, chemisorbed, or physisorbed); and NPD measurements may allow us to determine the locations of residual water molecules (and the associated dynamic disorder), and thereby understand the binding of water molecules in our samples.
McCall, K. R.
Imaging Technique for a Neutron Based Elemental Analysis Interrogation System
: · fundamental properties of the neutron, · neutrino physics, · physics of nuclear fission, · neutron neutrons because it "sees" the reactor core. It will be used for nuclear physics. Investigation of PREACTOR PIK WHAT ARE NEUTRONS NEEDED FOR If you want to see an object, you have to illuminate it
Koltick, David
Fundamental physics at the intensity frontier. Report of the workshop held December 2011 in Rockville, MD.
Particle physics aims to understand the universe around us. The Standard Model of particle physics describes the basic structure of matter and forces, to the extent we have been able to probe thus far. However, it leaves some big questions unanswered. Some are within the Standard Model itself, such as why there are so many fundamental particles and why they have different masses. In other cases, the Standard Model simply fails to explain some phenomena, such as the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, the existence of dark matter and dark energy, and the mechanism that reconciles gravity with quantum mechanics. These gaps lead us to conclude that the universe must contain new and unexplored elements of Nature. Most of particle and nuclear physics is directed towards discovering and understanding these new laws of physics. These questions are best pursued with a variety of approaches, rather than with a single experiment or technique. Particle physics uses three basic approaches, often characterized as exploration along the cosmic, energy, and intensity frontiers. Each employs different tools and techniques, but they ultimately address the same fundamental questions. This allows a multi-pronged approach where attacking basic questions from different angles furthers knowledge and provides deeper answers, so that the whole is more than a sum of the parts. A coherent picture or underlying theoretical model can more easily emerge, to be proven correct or not. The intensity frontier explores fundamental physics with intense sources and ultra-sensitive, sometimes massive detectors. It encompasses searches for extremely rare processes and for tiny deviations from Standard Model expectations. Intensity frontier experiments use precision measurements to probe quantum effects. They typically investigate very large energy scales, even higher than the kinematic reach of high energy particle accelerators. The science addresses basic questions, such as: Are there new sources of CP violation? Is there CP violation in the leptonic sector? Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? Do the forces unify? Is there a weakly coupled hidden sector that is related to dark matter? Do new symmetries exist at very high energy scales? To identify the most compelling science opportunities in this area, the workshop Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier was held in December 2011, sponsored by the Office of High Energy Physics in the US Department of Energy Office of Science. Participants investigated the most promising experiments to exploit these opportunities and described the knowledge that can be gained from such a program. The workshop generated much interest in the community, as witnessed by the large and energetic participation by a broad spectrum of scientists. This document chronicles the activities of the workshop, with contributions by more than 450 authors. The workshop organized the intensity frontier science program along six topics that formed the basis for working groups: experiments that probe (i) heavy quarks, (ii) charged leptons, (iii) neutrinos, (iv) proton decay, (v) light, weakly interacting particles, and (vi) nucleons, nuclei, and atoms. The conveners for each working group included an experimenter and a theorist working in the field and an observer from the community at large. The working groups began their efforts well in advance of the workshop, holding regular meetings and soliciting written contributions. Specific avenues of exploration were identified by each working group. Experiments that study rare strange, charm, and bottom meson decays provide a broad program of measurements that are sensitive to new interactions. Charged leptons, particularly muons and taus, provide a precise probe for new physics because the Standard Model predictions for their properties are very accurate. Research at the intensity frontier can reveal CP violation in the lepton sector, and elucidate whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles. A very weakly coupled hidden-sector that may comprise the dark matter in the univ
Hewett, J.L.; Weerts, H.; Brock, R.; Butler, J.N.; Casey, B.C.K.; Lu, Z.T.; Wagner, C.E.M.; Dietrich, M.R.; Djurcic, Z.; Goodman, M.; Green, J.P.; Holt, R.J.; Mueller, P.; Paley, J.; Reimer, P.; Singh, J.; Upadhye, A. (High Energy Physics); ( PHY); (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center); (Univ. of Michigan); (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)
Fundamental physics in space with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Successfully launched in June 2008, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, formerly named GLAST, has been observing the high-energy gamma-ray sky with unprecedented sensitivity for more than two years, opening a new window on a wide variety of exotic astrophysical objects. This paper is a short overview of the main science highlights, aimed at non-specialists, with emphasis on those which are more directly connected with the study of fundamental physics---particularly the search for signals of new physics in the diffuse gamma-ray emission and in the cosmic radiation and the study of Gamma-Ray Burst as laboratories for testing possible violations of the Lorentz invariance.
Luca Baldini for the Fermi LAT Collaboration
Tape high power neutron producing target for NCT V. Kononova
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 539 (2005) 622639 FUNSPIN polarized cold-neutron for fundamental particle physics experiments with slow neutrons. r 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS problems in, e.g. solid- state physics and medicine as well as in funda- mental physics. Cold-neutron beams
Taskaev, Sergey Yur'evich
PHYSICAL REVIEW C 83, 064612 (2011) Advanced Monte Carlo modeling of prompt fission neutrons for thermal and fast neutron-induced
PHYSICAL REVIEW C 83, 064612 (2011) Advanced Monte Carlo modeling of prompt fission neutrons of the 6th All Union Conference on Neutron Physics, Kiev, 26 October 1983, p. 285, EXFOR entry 40871, A. F. Semenov, and B. I. Starostov, Proceedings of the 6th All Union Conference on Neutron Physics
Danon, Yaron
Use of coated silicon field emitters as neutralisers for fundamental physics missions in space
Spacecraft neutralisers are required as part of the ion propulsion system for accurate station keeping in fundamental physics missions. This paper describes the use of thin layers of insulating materials as coatings for the gated silicon field emitter array structure used in a spacecraft neutraliser. These thin coatings are postulated to reduce power consumption and reduce overheating. The power consumption and lifetime of aluminium nitride and amorphous hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings have been tested by current-voltage and endurance tests. Diamond-like carbon coatings were promising, performing better in endurance tests than uncoated samples, but further work is required to characterise the coating's physical properties and its effects on field emission. The thermal conductivity of the coating material had little effect on measured sample lifetimes. Aluminium nitride had reduced power consumption compared to diamond-like carbon coated and uncoated samples. A thin (~5 nm) layer of aluminium nitride was found to be optimal, meeting European Space Agency specifications for the neutraliser engineering model.
K. L. Aplin; B. J. Kent; C. M. Collingwood; L. Wang; R. Stevens; S. E. Huq; A. Malik
Neutron Physics at NIST 8th UCN Workshop
The Neutron Scattering Society of America www.neutronscattering.org Press Release, February 4, 2008 The Neutron Scattering Society of America is pleased to announce the 2008 recipients of its 3 major prizes. The Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA) established the Clifford G. Shull Prize in Neutron Science
Titov, Anatoly
What's Cooler Than Being Cool? UltraCold Neutrons
University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland; and b Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos, we are developing a detailed model of the detector response to neutrons using high-energy physics tools which incorporate fundamental physical models of neutron interactions with nuclei. This model
Martin, Jeff
NIST Physical Constants
Fundamental Physical Constants. ... Values of Fundamental Physical Constants. ... Searchable Bibliography of Fundamental Constants. ...
Fundamental Constants on the Web
... PHYSICS Find Your Fundamental Constants on the Web. ... Use of the fundamental constants database also is growing rapidly. ...
CODATA values of the fundamental constants
CODATA values of the fundamental physical constants. Summary: ... CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants websites at: ...
The equation of state of hadronic matter in neutron stars is briefly reviewed. Uncertainties regarding the stiffness and composition of hadronic matter are discussed. Importance of poorly known short range interactions of nucleons and hyperons is emphasized. Condensation of meson fields and the role of subhadronic degrees of freedom is considered. Empirical constraints on the equation of state emerging from observations of neutron stars are discussed. The nature of the remnant of SN1987A is considered. 1.
Marek Kutschera
Engineering Fundamentals - Basic Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Version 2.0
The Basic Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory module covers basic atomic structure, fission, radioactivity, reactor operation, and nuclear safety. This course will help new engineers understand how ...
Parity Violation in Photonuclear Reactions at HIGS Submission to Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrino Physics Working Group
, National Taiwan U.; C. Crawford, University of Kentucky; N. Fomin, LANL; H. Gao, Duke; M. Gericke and Ying Wu1 1 Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA 3 Indiana University/CEEM, 2401 Milo B
DOE-HDBK-1019/2-93; DOE Fundamentals Handbook Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory Volume 2 of 2
2-93 2-93 JANUARY 1993 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND REACTOR THEORY Volume 2 of 2 U.S. Department of Energy FSC-6910 Washington, D.C. 20585 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This document has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal., Springfield, VA 22161. Order No. DE93012223 DOE-HDBK-1019/1-93 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND REACTOR THEORY ABSTRACT The Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical
DOE-HDBK-1019/1-93; DOE Fundamentals Handbook Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory Volume 1 of 2
1-93 1-93 JANUARY 1993 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND REACTOR THEORY Volume 1 of 2 U.S. Department of Energy FSC-6910 Washington, D.C. 20585 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This document has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information. P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal., Springfield, VA 22161. Order No. DE93012221 DOE-HDBK-1019/1-93 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND REACTOR THEORY ABSTRACT The Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory Handbook was developed to assist nuclear
Fundamental neutrino experiments
We review fundamental open problems in neutrino physics and propose two basic experiments for their possible resolution.
Ruggero Maria Santilli
Opportunities for Neutrino Physics at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)
In this paper we discuss opportunities for a neutrino program at the Spallation Neutrons Source (SNS) being commissioning at ORNL. Possible investigations can include study of neutrino-nuclear cross sections in the energy rage important for supernova dynamics and neutrino nucleosynthesis, search for neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, and various tests of the standard model of electro-weak interactions.
Yu Efremenko; W R Hix
Role of isospin physics in supernova matter and neutron stars
We investigate the liquid-gas phase transition of hot protoneutron stars shortly after their birth following supernova explosion and the composition and structure of hyperon-rich (proto)neutron stars within a relativistic mean-field model where the nuclear symmetry energy has been constrained from the measured neutron skin thickness of finite nuclei. Light clusters are abundantly formed with increasing temperature well inside the neutrino-sphere for an uniform supernova matter. Liquid-gas phase transition is found to suppress the cluster yield within the coexistence phase as well as decrease considerably the neutron-proton asymmetry over a wide density range. We find symmetry energy has a modest effect on the boundaries and the critical temperature for the liquid-gas phase transition, and the composition depends more sensitively on the number of trapped neutrinos and temperature of the protoneutron star. The influence of hyperons in the dense interior of stars makes the overall equation of state soft. However, neutrino trapping distinctly delays the appearance of hyperons due to abundance of electrons. We also find that a softer symmetry energy further makes the onset of hyperon less favorable. The resulting structures of the (proto)neutron stars with hyperons and with liquid-gas phase transition are discussed.
Bharat K. Sharma; Subrata Pal
Supercool Neutrons (Ultracold Neutrons)
in the USA. Why neutrons? Neutrons possess physical properties that make them valuable investigative tools Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) The world's most intense pulsed accelerator-based neutron source. High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) The highest flux reactor-based neutron source for condensed matter research
Indications for the Nonexistence of Three-Neutron Resonances near the Physical Region
The pending question of the existence of three-neutron resonances near the physical energy region is reconsidered. Finite rank neutron-neutron forces are used in Faddeev equations, which are analytically continued into the unphysical energy sheet below the positive real energy axis. The trajectories of the three-neutron S-matrix poles in the states of total angular momenta and parity J^\\pi=1/2 +- and J^\\pi= 3/2 +- are traced out as a function of artificial enhancement factors of the neutron-neutron forces. The final positions of the S-matrix poles removing the artificial factors are found in all cases to be far away from the positive real energy axis, which provides a strong indication for the nonexistence of nearby three-neutron resonances. The pole trajectories close to the threshold E=0 are also predicted out of auxiliary generated three-neutron bound state energies using the Pad\\'e method and agree very well with the directly calculated ones.
A. Hemmdan; W. Gloeckle; H. Kamada
Ultra-stable cryogenic optical resonators for tests of fundamental physics
We present the design and first measurement results for an ultra-stable cryogenically cooled optical sapphire resonator system with a potential relative frequency stability better than 3x10^-17. This level of oscillator stability allows for more precise tests of Einstein's theories of relativity and thus could help to find first hints of "new physics". We will give some details on a projected experiment to test Lorentz invariance that will utilize these cavities.
Nagel, M; D�ringshoff, K; Schikora, S; Kovalchuk, E V; Peters, A
Fundamental molecular physics and chemistry. Radiological and Environmental Research Division annual report, October 1981-December 1982. Pt. 1
This document is the twelfth Annual Report of our Fundamental Molecular Physics and Chemistry Program. Scientifically, the work of the program deals with aspects of the physics and chemistry of molecules related to their interactions with photons, electrons, and other external agents. We chose these areas of study in view of our matic goals; that is to say, we chose them so that the eventual outcome of our work meets some of the needs of the US Department of Energy (DOE) and of other government agencies that support our research. First, we endeavor to determine theoretically and experimentally cross sections for electron and photon interactions with molecules, because those cross sections are indispensable for detailed microscopic analyses of the earliest processes of radiation action on any molecular substance, including biological materials. Those analyses in turn provide a sound basis for radiology and radiation dosimetry. Second, we study the spectroscopy of certain molecules and of small clusters of molecules because this topic is fundamental to the full understanding of atmospheric-pollutant chemistry.
School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering Oak Ridge 10-24 August 2013 John M. Carpenter ANL, ORNLSNS 18 August 2013 2 Neutron Detection How does one detect a neutron? - It is...
An interdisciplinary approach to certain fundamental issues in the fields of physics and biology: towards a Unified Theory
Recent experiments appear to have revealed the possibility of quantum entanglement between spatially separated human subjects. In addition, a similar condition might exist between basins containing human neurons adhering to printed circuit boards. In both instances, preliminary data indicates what appear to be non-local correlations between brain electrical activities in the case of the human subjects, and also non-local correlations between neuronal basin electrical activities, implying entanglement at the macroscopic level. If the ongoing extended research and the analysis of same continues to support this hypothesis, it may then make it possible to simultaneously address some of the fundamental problems facing us in both physics and biology through the adoption of an interdisciplinary empirical approach based on Bell's experimental philosophy, with the goal of unifying these two fields.
Fred H. Thaheld
Neutron lifetime measurements using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons
Our experiment using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons (UCN) to measure the neutron lifetime is reviewed. Ultracold neutrons were trapped in a material bottle covered with perfluoropolyether. The neutron lifetime was deduced from comparison of UCN losses in the traps with different surface-to-volume ratios. The precise value of the neutron lifetime is of fundamental importance to particle physics and cosmology. In this experiment, the UCN storage time is brought closer to the neutron lifetime than in any experiments before:the probability of UCN losses from the trap was only 1% of that for neutron beta decay. The neutron lifetime obtained,878.5+/-0.7stat+/-0.3sys s, is the most accurate experimental measurement to date.
A. P. Serebrov; V. E. Varlamov; A. G. Kharitonov; A. K. Fomin; Yu. N. Pokotilovski; P. Geltenbort; I. A. Krasnoschekova; M. S. Lasakov; R. R. Taldaev; A. V. Vassiljev; O. M. Zherebtsov
Capabilities of the FNPB Instrument | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Capabilities of the FNPB Instrument Capabilities of the FNPB Instrument Fundamental Physics with Cold and Ultracold Neutrons Fundamental Beamline The fundamental physics beam line showing the "cold neutron" area inside the SNS Experiment Hall and the external UCN facility. For scale, the existing n+ p → d + γ apparatus is shown in the "cold beam" position, and the proposed neutron electric dipole moment apparatus is shown in the external building. Cold neutrons and ultracold neutrons (UCNs) have been employed in a wide variety of investigations that shed light on important issues in nuclear, particle, and astrophysics in the determination of fundamental constants and in the study of fundamental symmetry violation. In many cases, these experiments provide information not available from existing
The physics of photons and neutrons with applications of deuterium labeling methods to polymers
Over the past decade small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), has found numerous applications in the fields of biology, polymer science, physical chemistry, materials science, metallurgy, colloids, and solid state physics. A number of excellent references are available which contain basic neutron scattering theory though these text books reflect the origins of the technique and the examples are largely drawn from physics e.g., single crystals, simple liquids, monatomic gases, liquid metals, magnetic materials, etc. in view of the large numbers of nonspecialists who are increasingly using neutron scattering, the need has become apparent for presentations which can provide rapid access to the method without unnecessary detail and mathematical rigor. This article is meant to serve as a general introduction to the symposium ''Scattering Deformation and Fracture in Polymers,'' and is intended to aid potential users who have a general scientific background, but no specialist knowledge of scattering, to apply the technique to provide new information in areas of their own particular interests. In view of space limitations, the general theory will be given in the case for neutron scattering and analogies and differences with photon scattering (x-rays) will be pointed out at the appropriate point. 90 refs., 6 figs.
Wignall, G.D.
Neutron sources and applications
Review of Neutron Sources and Applications was held at Oak Brook, Illinois, during September 8--10, 1992. This review involved some 70 national and international experts in different areas of neutron research, sources, and applications. Separate working groups were asked to (1) review the current status of advanced research reactors and spallation sources; and (2) provide an update on scientific, technological, and medical applications, including neutron scattering research in a number of disciplines, isotope production, materials irradiation, and other important uses of neutron sources such as materials analysis and fundamental neutron physics. This report summarizes the findings and conclusions of the different working groups involved in the review, and contains some of the best current expertise on neutron sources and applications.
Price, D.L. [ed.] [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Rush, J.J. [ed.] [National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
Plans for a Neutron EDM Experiment at SNS
The electric dipole moment of the neutron, leptons, and atoms provide a unique window to Physics Beyond the Standard Model. We are currently developing a new neutron EDM experiment (the nEDM Experiment). This experiment, which will be run at the 8.9 A Neutron Line at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline (FNPB) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, will search for the neutron EDM with a sensitivity two orders of magnitude better than the present limit. In this paper, the motivation for the experiment, the experimental method, and the present status of the experiment are discussed.
Takeyasu M. Ito
Fundamental Structure of Matter and Strong Interaction
More than 99% of the visible matter in the universe are the protons and neutrons. Their internal structure is mostly governed by the strong interaction. Understanding their internal structure in terms of fundamental degrees-of-freedom is one of the most important subjects in modern physics. Worldwide efforts in the last few decades have lead to numerous surprises and discoveries, but major challenges still remain. An overview of the progress will be presented with a focus on the recent studies of the proton and neutron's electromagnetic and spin structure. Future perspectives will be discussed.
Jian-Ping Chen
Fundamental Constants Bibliography Now on the Web
... PHYSICS Fundamental Constants Bibliography Now on the Web. Some ... To help researchers working on or with fundamental. constants ...
Centrifugal quantum states of neutrons
We propose a method for observation of the quasi-stationary states of neutrons, localized near the curved mirror surface. The bounding effective well is formed by the centrifugal potential and the mirror Fermi-potential. This phenomenon is an example of an exactly solvable "quantum bouncer" problem that could be studied experimentally. It could provide a promising tool for studying fundamental neutron-matter interactions, as well as quantum neutron optics and surface physics effects. We develop formalism, which describes quantitatively the neutron motion near the mirror surface. The effects of mirror roughness are taken into account.
V. V. Nesvizhevsky; A. K. Petukhov; K. V. Protasov; A. Yu. Voronin
Opportunities for Neutrino Physics at the Spallation Neutron Source: A White Paper
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, provides an intense flux of neutrinos in the few tens-of-MeV range, with a sharply-pulsed timing structure that is beneficial for background rejection. In this document, the product of a workshop at the SNS in May 2012, we describe this free, high-quality stopped-pion neutrino source and outline various physics that could be done using it. We describe without prioritization some specific experimental configurations that could address these physics topics.
A. Bolozdynya; F. Cavanna; Y. Efremenko; G. T. Garvey; V. Gudkov; A. Hatzikoutelis; W. R. Hix; W. C. Louis; J. M. Link; D. M. Markoff; G. B. Mills; K. Patton; H. Ray; K. Scholberg; R. G. Van de Water; C. Virtue; D. H. White; S. Yen; J. Yoo
NIST Fundamental Constants Data Center - Tech. Act. 2001
Physics Laboratory home page. Fundamental Constants Data Center. ... Fundamental Constants Theory. Create an atomic theory ...
The UVES Large Program for Testing Fundamental Physics II: Constraints on a Change in ? Towards Quasar HE 0027-1836
We present an accurate analysis of the H2 absorption lines from the zabs ~ 2.4018 damped Ly{\\alpha} system towards HE 0027-1836 observed with the Very Large Telescope Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (VLT/UVES) as a part of the European Southern Observatory Large Programme "The UVES large programme for testing fundamental physics" to constrain the variation of proton-to-electron mass ratio, {\\mu} = mp/me. We perform cross-correlation analysis between 19 individual exposures taken over three years and the combined spectrum to check the wavelength calibration stability. We notice the presence of a possible wavelength dependent velocity drift especially in the data taken in 2012. We use available asteroids spectra taken with UVES close to our observations to confirm and quantify this effect. We consider single and two component Voigt profiles to model the observed H2 absorption profiles. We use both linear regression analysis and Voigt profile fitting where {\\Delta}{\\mu}/{\\mu} is explicitly considered as an additional fitting parameter. The two component model is marginally favored by the statistical indicators and we get {\\Delta}{\\mu}/{\\mu} = (-2.5 +/- 8.1(stat) +/- 6.2(sys)) ppm. When we apply the correction to the wavelength dependent velocity drift we find {\\Delta}{\\mu}/{\\mu} = (-7.6 +/- 8.1(stat) +/- 6.3(sys)) ppm. It will be important to check the extent to which the velocity drift we notice in this study is present in UVES data used for previous {\\Delta}{\\mu}/{\\mu} measurements.
H. Rahmani; M. Wendt; R. Srianand; P. Noterdaeme; P. Petitjean; P. Molaro; J. B. Whitmore; M. T. Murphy; M. Centurion; H. Fathivavsari; S. D'Odorico; T. M. Evans; S. A. Levshakov; S. Lopez; C. J. A. P. Martins; D. Reimers; G. Vladilo
Fundamentals - TMS
"The Fundamentals of Electrometallurgy in Aqueous Media" (Overview), M.L. Free, May ... "The Fundamentals of Mechanochemical Processing" (Overview), P.G.�...
Californium Neutron Irradiation Facility
Californium Neutron Irradiation Facility. Summary: ... Cf irradiation facility (Photograph by: Neutron Physics Group). Lead Organizational Unit: pml. Staff: ...
Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions
In Nuclear Physics numerous possibilities exist to investigate fundamental symmetries and interactions. In particular, the precise measurements of properties of fundamental fermions, searches for new interactions in $\\beta$-decays, and violations of discrete symmeties offer possibilities to search for physics beyond Standard Theory. Precise measurements of fundamental constants can be carried out. Low energy experiments allow to probe New Physics at mass scales far beyond the reach of present accelerators or such planned for the future and at which predicted new particles could be produced directly.
Klaus P. Jungmann
In nuclear physics numerous possibilities exist to investigate fundamental symmetries and interactions. In particular, the precise measurements of properties of fundamental fermions, searches for new interactions in ?-decays, and violations of discrete symmeties offer possibilities to search for physics beyond standard theory. Precise measurements of fundamental constants can be carried out. Low energy experiments allow to probe New Physics at mass scales far beyond the reach of present accelerators or such planned for the future and at which predicted new particles could be produced directly. 1. Fundamental Forces and Symmetries Symmetries play an important and crucial role in physics. Global symmetries give rise to conservation laws and local symmetries yield forces [ 1]. To date we know four fundamental interactions: (i) Electromagnetism, (ii) Weak Interactions, (iii) Strong Interactions, and (iv) Gravitation. These four forces are fundamental in the sense that all observed dynamical processes in physics can be traced back to one or a combination of them. Together with fundamental symmetries they from a framework on which all physical descriptions ultimately rest.
Klaus P. Jungmann A; Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut
Possibilities for a neutron-proton bremsstrahlung experiment at WNR/LAMPF (Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility)
The high energy and high intensity of the continuous energy (white) neutron source at the WNR target area of the Los alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) may make possible a direct measurement of the neutron-proton bremsstrahlung (NPB) cross section. Several recent papers have discussed the operation of the WNR white neutron source in detail so we will just include a short description of the relevant properties of the source in this article. Next we will describe one possible method of measuring the NPB cross section which is based on two calorimetric detectors that measure the energies of the scattered neutrons and the recoil protons. There are several advantages in using a white neutron source for this type of measurement. First, a wide range of incident neutron energies may be covered. In the case of the WNR, the energy range is from below 50 MeV to over 400 MeV which is above the pion production threshold. Second, all incident neutron energies are measured simultaneously. The greatly reduces the systematic errors associated with sequential measurements at different beam energies when measuring the energy dependence of the NPB cross section. Third, the neutron beam is shared amongst several experimenters at WNR. This greatly reduces the competition for beam time, so longer runs are often possible compared to facilities that require the dedicated use of the accelerator. In the past, typical experiments have run for several months. 6 refs., 5 figs.
Wender, S.A.; Nelson, R.O.; Laymon, C.M.; Schillaci, M.; Gibson, B.F.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 540 (2005) 464469 Fusion neutron detector calibration using a table-top laser
BINP accelerator based epithermal neutron source V. Aleynik a , A. Burdakov a , V. Davydenko a , A Institute of Nuclear Physics,11 Lavrentiev avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia b Neurosurgery Center, 2a: Boron neutron capture therapy Epithermal neutron source Accelerator a b s t r a c t Innovative facility
Ditmire, Todd
Research Highlights | Neutron Science | ORNL
Research Highlights Research Highlights Biology & Medicine Biotechnology & Energy Fundamental Physics Imaging Magnetism Materials Nanotechnology Superconductivity Facilities and Capabilities Instruments User Program Publications and Resources Science and Education News and Awards NScD Careers Supporting Organizations Neutron Science Home | Science & Discovery | Neutron Science | Research Highlights SHARE Research Highlights No current Research Highlights found. 1-10 of 43 Results Comprehensive phonon "map" offers direction for engineering new thermoelectric devices January 08, 2014 - To understand how to design better thermoelectric materials, researchers are using neutron scattering at SNS and HFIR to study how a compound known as AgSbTe2, or silver antimony telluride, is
About Neutrons
Neutron Basics Neutron Basics A neutron is one of the fundamental particles that make up matter. This uncharged particle exists in the nucleus of a typical atom, along with its positively charged counterpart, the proton. Protons and neutrons each have about the same mass, and both can exist as free particles away from the nucleus. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. Find Out What a Neutron Is Youtube icon Properties of Neutrons How Can Neutrons Be Used for Research? Image of glucose movement in plants Neutron imaging techniques have been able to determine the precise movement of glucose in plants. This knowledge can help scientists better understand how biomass can be efficiently converted into fuel. Neutrons have many properties that make them ideal for certain types of
Physics Physics Physics Print Because a large proportion of ALS experiments are "physics" experiments, it's useful to separate them into two categories - one focused on Materials/Condensed Matter, and this one, with a dual focus on AMO (atomic, molecular, and optical) physics and accelerator physics. Light sources such as the ALS have opened up research frontiers that may hold the answers to fundamental questions about structure and dynamics in AMO physics. The advanced spectroscopies that have been developed here provide the ability to control and probe atomic and molecular processes with unprecedented precision. In particular, the spectral resolution, brightness, broad tunability, and polarization control generate novel avenues for the study of tailored states, inner-shell processes, and nonperturbative electron interactions. Driven by the high brightness of the ALS, a whole new world of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and soft x-ray physics has emerged through the development of combined techniques to excite, select, and probe atoms, molecules, and clusters.
Neutron Physics A Revision of I. Halpern's Notes on E. Fermi's Lectures in 1945
'.. '.. iJNCLASSIFIED . UNITED x STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION . 1 I~, ., AECD-2664 ,# NEUTRON PHYSICS A Revision of I. Halpern's Notes on E. Fermi's Lectures in 1945 BY J. G. Beckerley October 16, 1951 [TIS Issuance Date] Atomic Energy Commission New York Operations :L : 't to TIC ;iiiii *=c; Technical Information Service, Oak Ridge, Tennessee . _ .._ U,NCLASSlFIEB DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 566 (2006) 598608 The number distribution of neutrons and gamma photons generated in a
that are based on nuclear physics constants (fission neutron and gamma photon multi- plicities), weighted by nonNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 566 (2006) 598608 The number distribution of neutrons and gamma photons generated in a multiplying sample Andreas Enqvista,�?, Imre Pa´ zsita , Sara
Pázsit, Imre
Neutron beta-decay, Standard Model and cosmology
The precise value of the neutron lifetime is of fundamental importance to particle physics and cosmology. The neutron lifetime recently obtained, 878.5 +/- 0.7stat +/- 0.3sys s, is the most accurate one to date. The new result for the neutron lifetime differs from the world average value by 6.5 standard deviations. The impact of the new result on testing of Standard Model and on data analysis for the primordial nucleosynthesis model is scrutinized.
A. P. Serebrov
WEB: http://www.grr.com E-MAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com. TRADEMARK FUNDAMENTALS . Materials Science & Technology 2004. September 28, 2004. New Orleans, LA.
Physics Print Physics Print Because a large proportion of ALS experiments are "physics" experiments, it's useful to separate them into two categories - one focused on Materials/Condensed Matter, and this one, with a dual focus on AMO (atomic, molecular, and optical) physics and accelerator physics. Light sources such as the ALS have opened up research frontiers that may hold the answers to fundamental questions about structure and dynamics in AMO physics. The advanced spectroscopies that have been developed here provide the ability to control and probe atomic and molecular processes with unprecedented precision. In particular, the spectral resolution, brightness, broad tunability, and polarization control generate novel avenues for the study of tailored states, inner-shell processes, and nonperturbative electron interactions. Driven by the high brightness of the ALS, a whole new world of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and soft x-ray physics has emerged through the development of combined techniques to excite, select, and probe atoms, molecules, and clusters.
Laser Ablation: Fundamentals and Applications
90 This seminar will include both experimental and theoretical topics of ultrafast laser ablation. In the first part, fundamental physics of ultrafast laser-material...
The call to adopt a nominal set of astrophysical parameters and constants to improve the accuracy of fundamental physical properties of stars
The increasing precision of astronomical observations of stars and stellar systems is gradually getting to a level where the use of slightly different values of the solar mass, radius and luminosity, as well as different values of fundamental physical constants may lead to measurable systematic differences in the determination of basic physical properties. An equivalent issue with an inconsistent value of the speed of light was resolved by adopting a nominal value that is constant and has no error associated with it. Analogously, we suggest that the systematic error in stellar parameters may be avoided if the following two conditions are met: (1) we deprecate the usage of solar quantities Msun, Rsun, and Lsun as units and replace them by the nominal values that are by definition exact and expressed in SI units: 1 MnomSun = 1.988416 x 10^{30} kg, 1 RnomSun = 6.95508 x 10^8 m, and 1 LnomSun = 3.846 x 10^{26} W; and (2) each study containing a determination of fundamental properties of stars or stellar systems s...
Harmanec, Petr
The potential of the variable DA white dwarf G117-B15A as a tool for Fundamental Physics
White dwarfs are well studied objects. The relative simplicity of their physics allows to obtain very detailed models which can be ultimately compared with their observed properties. Among white dwarfs there is a specific class of stars, known as ZZ-Ceti objects, which have a hydrogen-rich envelope and show periodic variations in their light curves. G117-B15A belongs to this particular set of stars. The luminosity variations have been successfully explained as due to g-mode pulsations. G117-B15A has been recently claimed to be the most stable optical clock ever found, being the rate of change of its 215.2 s period very small: \\dot{P}= (2.3 +- 1.4)x10^{-15} s s^-1, with a stability comparable to that of the most stable millisecond pulsars. The rate of change of the period is closely related to its cooling timescale, which can be accurately computed. In this paper we study the pulsational properties of G117-B15A and we use the observed rate of change of the period to impose constraints on the axion emissivity and, thus, to obtain a preliminary upper bound to the mass of the axion. This upper bound turns out to be 4cos^{2}{\\beta} meV at the 95% confidence level. Although there are still several observational and theoretical uncertainties, we conclude that G117-B15A is a very promising stellar object to set up constraints on particle physics.
A. H. Corsico; O. G. Benvenuto; L. G. Althaus; J. Isern; E. Garcia-Berro
Atomic and Molecular Physics
... DG, * SRD 105 Physic Laboratory's Elemental ... Nuclear Physics SRD 144 Atomic Weights & ... Physical Constants SRD 121 Fundamental Physical ...
Cooling of isolated neutron stars as a probe of superdense matter physics
TO DETERMINE THE FREE NEUTRON LIFE TIME BY IN-BEAM DETECTION OF DECAY ELECTRONS P. Liaud, K. Schreckenbach , 3, France RESUME - Une mesure de la durée de vie du neutron est en préparation. Le nombre d'électrons se désintégrant par unité de temps ( e ) est obtenu en observant la désintégration d'un faisceau haché de neutrons
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 59, No. 2, August 2011, pp. 17451748 Molybdenum and Zirconium Neutron Total Cross Section Measurements in
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 59, No. 2, August 2011, pp. 17451748 Molybdenum and Zirconium Neutron Total Cross Section Measurements in the Energy Range of 0.5 to 20 MeV M. J. Rapp, Y. Danon April 2010) Neutron transmission measurements were made on natural molybdenum and zirconium samples
Comments to "Comparison of two experiments on radiative neutron decay" by R.U.Khafizov et al., published in Physics of Atomic Nuclei
Some critical comments and remarks on the article "Comparison of two experiments on radiative neutron decay" by R.U.Khafizov et al., published in Physics of Atomic Nuclei.
Kuznetsov, I A
I. A. Kuznetsov
Standard Practice for Application and Analysis of Nuclear Research Emulsions for Fast Neutron Dosimetry
1.1 Nuclear Research Emulsions (NRE) have a long and illustrious history of applications in the physical sciences, earth sciences and biological sciences (1,2) . In the physical sciences, NRE experiments have led to many fundamental discoveries in such diverse disciplines as nuclear physics, cosmic ray physics and high energy physics. In the applied physical sciences, NRE have been used in neutron physics experiments in both fission and fusion reactor environments (3-6). Numerous NRE neutron experiments can be found in other applied disciplines, such as nuclear engineering, environmental monitoring and health physics. Given the breadth of NRE applications, there exist many textbooks and handbooks that provide considerable detail on the techniques used in the NRE method. As a consequence, this practice will be restricted to the application of the NRE method for neutron measurements in reactor physics and nuclear engineering with particular emphasis on neutron dosimetry in benchmark fields (see Matrix E706). 1...
American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia
Fundamental Physics with Cold Positronium
The use of positron plasmas to produce intense positron pulses has made it possible to create relatively large instantaneous positronium densities. This in turn provides an opportunity to perform improved precision spectroscopy measurements on positronium that will be limited by systematic rather than statistical effects which will improve present QED positronium tests by orders of magnitude. Further increases in the positronium density will lead to the production of a positronium Bose-Einstein condensate, further increasing the accuracy of such measurements and making it possible to study the phase diagram of a matter-antimatter condensate for the first time.
Cassidy, D. B.; Tom, H. W. K.; Mills, A. P. Jr. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside CA 92521 (United States)
Room: 232B. Session Chairperson: Warren M. Garrison, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213�...
... (eg, electron mass, most misspellings okay). Search for value by name: Display, alphabetical list,, table (image), or, table (pdf). ...
Fundamental Studies
in Support of GEO-SEQ LBNL's Consolidated Sequestration Research Program (CSRP) Project Number FWP ESD09-056 Tom Daley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory Carbon Storage R&D Project Review Meeting Developing the Technologies and Infrastructure for CCS August 20-22, 2013 2 Presentation Outline * Benefits and Goals of Fundamental Studies * Technical Status - Petrophysical Relationships - Geochemical Processes - Monitoring Instrumentation * Accomplishments and Summary 3 Benefit to the Program * Program goals being addressed: - Develop and validate technologies to ensure 99 percent storage permanence. - Develop technologies to improve reservoir storage efficiency while ensuring containment effectiveness
The Universe Adventure - Fundamental Particles
Fundamental Particles Fundamental Particles Chart of Fundamental Particles All matter in the universe is comprised of fundamental particles. So what exactly makes up this matter? All matter is made of fundamental particles that came into being at the birth of the Universe. Quarks experience the strong force which is carried by massless particles called gluons. They bond together in specific combinations to form protons, neutrons, and other hadrons. Leptons do not experience the strong force but may interact via the electromagnetic force, the weak force, or both. Anti-quarks and anti-leptons are exactly the same as their quark and lepton counterparts, but have an opposite charge. All massive particles are influenced by the force of gravity. Quark-Gluon Plasma: 10-12 Seconds After the Big Bang
Properties of Neutron Star Critical Collapses
Critical phenomena in gravitational collapse opened a new mathematical vista into the theory of general relativity and may ultimately entail fundamental physical implication in observations. However, at present, the dynamics of critical phenomena in gravitational collapse scenarios are still largely unknown. My thesis seeks to understand the properties of the threshold in the solution space of the Einstein field equations between the black hole and neutron star phases, understand the properties of the neutron star critical solution and clarify the implication of these results on realistic astrophysical scenarios. We develop a new set of neutron star-like initial data to establish the universality of the neutron star critical solution and analyze the structure of neutron star and neutron star-like critical collapses via the study of the phase spaces. We also study the different time scales involved in the neutron star critical solution and analyze the properties of the critical index via comparisons between neutron star and neutron star-like initial data. Finally, we explore the boundary of the attraction basin of the neutron star critical solution and its transition to a known set of non-critical fixed points.
Mew-Bing Wan
LANL | Physics | High Energy Physics
Exploring high energy physics Physics Division scientists and engineers investigate the field of high energy physics through experiments that strengthen our fundamental...
Monte Carlo fundamentals
This report is composed of the lecture notes from the first half of a 32-hour graduate-level course on Monte Carlo methods offered at KAPL. These notes, prepared by two of the principle developers of KAPL`s RACER Monte Carlo code, cover the fundamental theory, concepts, and practices for Monte Carlo analysis. In particular, a thorough grounding in the basic fundamentals of Monte Carlo methods is presented, including random number generation, random sampling, the Monte Carlo approach to solving transport problems, computational geometry, collision physics, tallies, and eigenvalue calculations. Furthermore, modern computational algorithms for vector and parallel approaches to Monte Carlo calculations are covered in detail, including fundamental parallel and vector concepts, the event-based algorithm, master/slave schemes, parallel scaling laws, and portability issues.
Brown, F.B.; Sutton, T.M.
Interactions Between Fluid-Dynamics and Neutronic Phenomena in the Physics of Molten-Salt Systems
Technical Paper / Mathematics and Computation, Supercomputing, Reactor Physics and Nuclear and Biological Applications
S. Dulla; P. Ravetto
Fundamental Guided Wave Metrology
Fundamental Guided Wave Metrology. Summary: ... The program is focused on fundamental measurement research for microwave parameters. ...
Education | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Matter Physics Neutron Scattering in Quantum Condensed Matter Physics flyer The first cyber enabled collaborative graduate course was launched in Fall semester 2012. It addresses...
Science | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Science Neutron Science Neutron Scattering Science Neutrons are one of the fundamental particles that make up matter and have properties that make them ideal for certain types of research. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. Neutron scattering provides information about the positions, motions, and magnetic properties of solids. When a beam of neutrons is aimed at a sample, many neutrons will pass through the material. But some will interact directly with atomic nuclei and "bounce" away at an angle, like colliding balls in a game of pool. This behavior is called neutron diffraction, or neutron scattering. Using detectors, scientists can count scattered neutrons, measure their energies and the angles at which they scatter, and map their final position
Review of Multi-messenger observations of neutron rich matter
At very high densities, electrons react with protons to form neutron rich matter. This material is central to many fundamental questions in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Moreover, neutron rich matter is being studied with an extraordinary variety of new tools such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO). We describe the Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) that uses parity violating electron scattering to measure the neutron radius of 208Pb. This has important implications for neutron stars and their crusts. We discuss X-ray observations of neutron star radii. These also have important implications for neutron rich matter. Gravitational waves (GW) open a new window on neutron rich matter. They come from sources such as neutron star mergers, rotating neutron star mountains, and collective r-mode oscillations. Using large scale molecular dynamics simulations, we find neutron star crust to be very strong. It can support mountains on rotating neutron stars large enough to generate detectable gravitational waves. Finally, neutrinos from core collapse supernovae (SN) provide another, qualitatively different probe of neutron rich matter. Neutrinos escape from the surface of last scattering known as the neutrino-sphere. This is a low density warm gas of neutron rich matter. Neutrino-sphere conditions can be simulated in the laboratory with heavy ion collisions. Observations of neutrinos can probe nucleosyntheses in SN. We believe that combing astronomical observations using photons, GW, and neutrinos, with laboratory experiments on nuclei, heavy ion collisions, and radioactive beams will fundamentally advance our knowledge of compact objects in the heavens, the dense phases of QCD, the origin of the elements, and of neutron rich matter.
C. J. Horowitz
Materials Processing Fundamentals
Symposium, Materials Processing Fundamentals ... to be covered in the symposium are all aspects of the fundamentals, synthesis, analysis, design, monitoring,�...
Scientific opportunities with advanced facilities for neutron scattering
The present report documents deliberations of a large group of experts in neutron scattering and fundamental physics on the need for new neutron sources of greater intensity and more sophisticated instrumentation than those currently available. An additional aspect of the Workshop was a comparison between steady-state (reactor) and pulsed (spallation) sources. The main conclusions were: (1) the case for a new higher flux neutron source is extremely strong and such a facility will lead to qualitatively new advances in condensed matter science and fundamental physics; (2) to a large extent the future needs of the scientific community could be met with either a 5 x 10/sup 15/ n cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/ steady state source or a 10/sup 17/ n cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/ peak flux spallation source; and (3) the findings of this Workshop are consistent with the recommendations of the Major Materials Facilities Committee.
Lander, G.H.; Emery, V.J. (eds.)
Neutrons for Materials Science and Engineering - ASM Oak Ridge...
of NST2 Attendees Click for full Size Image Welcome Overview - Michelle Buchanon Fundamentals of Neutron Scattering Research - Ian Anderson Neutron Scattering on Magnetic...
Fundamentals of Neutron Diffraction NCNR Summer School ...
... Page 35. 1 M 2 M Transfer Matrix 1 2 MMM = 1 M 2 M 3 M 1 2 3 M MMM = :historically, also is called the "optical" matrix. M Aside Page 36. j M ...
Imaging with Scattered Neutrons
We describe a novel experimental technique for neutron imaging with scattered neutrons. These scattered neutrons are of interest for condensed matter physics, because they permit to reveal the local distribution of incoherent and coherent scattering within a sample. In contrast to standard attenuation based imaging, scattered neutron imaging distinguishes between the scattering cross section and the total attenuation cross section including absorption. First successful low-noise millimeter-resolution images by scattered neutron radiography and tomography are presented.
H. Ballhausen; H. Abele; R. Gaehler; M. Trapp; A. Van Overberghe
Neutron Scattering | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Office of Science (SC) Website
Neutron Scattering Neutron Scattering Materials Sciences and Engineering (MSE) Division MSE Home About Research Areas Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) DOE Energy Innovation Hubs BES Funding Opportunities The Computational Materials and Chemical Sciences Network (CMCSN) Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics Scientific Highlights Reports and Activities Principal Investigators' Meetings BES Home Research Areas Neutron Scattering Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds FeedbackShare Page This activity supports basic research on the fundamental interactions of neutrons with matter to achieve an understanding of the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structures and excitations of materials and their relationship to materials properties. Major emphasis is on the application of neutron scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging for materials research, primarily at
SNS Instrument System Beam Lines | ORNL Neutron Sciences
SNS Instrument Beam Lines SNS Instrument Beam Lines This diagram shows the beam lines designated for currently funded instruments. Clicking on an instrument description will take you to the page for that instrument. Clicking anywhere else on the image will open a full-size, printable PDF file. SNS Instrument Layout Backscattering Spectrometer (BASIS) Disordered Materials Diffractometer (NOMAD) Wide Angular-Range Chopper Spectrometer (ARCS) Fine-Resolution Fermi Chopper Spectrometer (SEQUOIA) Coming Soon - Vibrational Spectrometer (VISION) Neutron Spin Echo (NSE) Hybrid Spectrometer (HYSPEC) Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline (FNPB) Single Crystal Diffractometer (TOPAZ) Versatile Neutron Imaging Instrument (VENUS) Macromolecular Diffractometer (MaNDi) Powder Diffractometer (POWGEN3) Engineering Diffractometer (VULCAN) Extended Q-Range Small Angle Neutron Diffractometer (EQ-SANS) Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS) Liquids (horizontal surface) Reflectometer (LR) Magnetic Advanced Grazing InCidence Spectrometer (MAGICS) High Pressure Diffractometer (SNAP) Coming Soon - Elastic Diffuse Scattering Spectrometer (CORELLI)
NIST - Version history of the fundamental constants database
... Version history These are the 2010 CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants, the latest CODATA values available. ...
Physics Out Loud - Niobium
Neutron Previous Video (Neutron) Physics Out Loud Main Index Next Video (Nucleus) Nucleus Niobium The element niobium is often used as a superconductor. Watch as Jefferson Lab...
Physics Out Loud - Matter
Laser Previous Video (Laser) Physics Out Loud Main Index Next Video (Neutron) Neutron Matter David Lawrence, a Jefferson Lab physicist, discusses matter...
Quantum Physics Portal
... for Science and Technology (CODATA) issues recommended values of the fundamental physical constants ... see all Quantum Physics programs and ...
Optimization of the Ballistic Guide Design for the SNS FNPB 8.9 A Neutron Line
The optimization of the ballistic guide design for the SNS Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline 8.9 A line is described. With a careful tuning of the shape of the curve for the tapered section and the width of the straight section, this optimization resulted in more than 75% increase in the neutron flux exiting the 33 m long guide over a straight m=3.5 guide with the same length.
Takeyasu M. Ito; Christopher B. Crawford; Geoffrey L. Greene
Data Interpretation Fundamentals
... Unable to make Q ? K comparison Page 7. JM Butler Data Interpretation Fundamentals ... Doctrine or Dogma (why?) � A fundamental law of ...
Fundamental constants in effective theory
There is a discussion between L. B. Okun, G. Veneziano and M. J. Duff, concerning the number of fundamental dimensionful constants in physics [1]. They advocated correspondingly 3, 2 and 0 fundamental constants. Here we consider this problem on example of the effective relativistic quantum field theory, which emerges in the low energy corner of quantum liquids and which reproduces many features of our physics including chiral fermions, gauge fields and dynamical gravity. 1 Introduction. The effective relativistic quantum field theory (RQFT) arising as emergent phenomenon in quantum liquids [2], or in other condensed matter systems [3], allows us to look at the problem of fundamental constants from the outside, i.e. from the point of view of an external observer who does not
G. E. Volovik
Polarized Ultracold Neutrons: their transport in diamond guides and potential to search for physics beyond the standard model.
?? Experiments with polarized �ultracold neutrons� (UCN) offer a new way to measure the decay correlations of neutron beta decay; these correlations can be used� (more)
Makela, Mark F
High-efficiency Resonant rf Spin Rotator with Broad Phase Space Acceptance for Pulsed Polarized Cold Neutron Beams
High precision fundamental neutron physics experiments have been proposed for the intense pulsed spallation neutron beams at JSNS, LANSCE, and SNS to test the standard model and search for new physics. Certain systematic effects in some of these experiments have to be controlled at the few ppb level. The NPD Gamma experiment, a search for the small parity-violating {gamma}-ray asymmetry A{sub Y} in polarized cold neutron capture on parahydrogen, is one example. For the NPD Gamma experiment we developed a radio-frequency resonant spin rotator to reverse the neutron polarization in a 9.5 cm x 9.5 cm pulsed cold neutron beam with high efficiency over a broad cold neutron energy range. The effect of the spin reversal by the rotator on the neutron beam phase space is compared qualitatively to rf neutron spin flippers based on adiabatic fast passage. We discuss the design of the spin rotator and describe two types of transmission-based neutron spin-flip efficiency measurements where the neutron beam was both polarized and analyzed by optically polarized {sup 3}He neutron spin filters. The efficiency of the spin rotator was measured at LANSCE to be 98.8 {+-} 0.5% for neutron energies from 3 to 20 meV over the full phase space of the beam. Systematic effects that the rf spin rotator introduces to the NPD Gamma experiment are considered.
Seo, P. -N. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Barron-Palos, L. [Arizona State University; Bowman, J. D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Chupp, T. E. [University of Michigan; Crawford, C. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Dabaghyan, M. [University of New Hampshire; Dawkins, M. [Indiana University; Freedman, S. J. [University of California; Gentile, T. R. [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Gericke, M. T. [University of Manitoba, Canada; Gillis, R. C. [University of Manitoba, Canada; Greene, G. L. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) & Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Hersman, F. W. [University of New Hampshire; Jones, G. L. [Hamilton College, New York; Kandes, M. [University of Michigan; Lamoreaux, S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Lauss, B. [University of California, Berkeley; Leuschner, M. B. [Indiana University; Mahurin, R. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Mason, M. [University of New Hampshire; Mei, J. [Indiana University; Mitchell, G. S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Nann, H. [Indiana University; Page, S. A. [University of Manitoba, Canada; Penttila, S. I. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Ramsay, W. D. [University of Manitoba & TRIUMF, Canada; Salas Bacci, A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Santra, S. [Indiana University; Sharma, M. [University of Michigan; Smith, T. B. [University of Dayton, Ohio; Snow, W. [Indiana University; Wilburn, W. S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Zhu, H. [University of New Hampshire
Physical model of leptons : Massive electrons, muons, tauons and their massless neutrons
The physical model (PhsMdl) of the leptons is offered by means of the PhsMdls of the vacuum and electron,described in our recent works. It is assumed that the vacuum is consistent by dynamides, streamlined in junctions of some tight crystalline lattice. Every dynamide contains a neutral pair of massless point-like (PntLk) contrary elementary electric charges (ElmElcChrgs): electrino $(-)$ and positrino $(+)$. The PntLk ElmElcChrgs of the massless electrino and positrino of some dynamide in the fluctuated vacuum may been excited or deviated by means of some energy, introduced by some photon or other micro particles (MicrPrts). The massless leptons (neutrinos) are neutral long-living solitary spherical vortical oscillation excitations of the uncharged fluctuating vacuum. The massive leptons are charged long-living solitary spherical vortical excitations of its fine spread (FnSpr) elementary electric charge (ElmElcChrg). So-called zitterbewegung is self-consistent strong-correlated vortical harmonic oscillation motion of the FnSpr ElmElcChrg of massive leptons. Different leptons have different self-consistent strong-correlated vortical harmonic oscillation motion of different sizes of their FnSpr ElmElcChrg, which is determined by their Kompton length $\\lambda =\\frac{h}{m C} $, where $m$ is the mass of the massive leptons. At mutual transition of one massive lepton into another massive lepton its PntLk ElmElcChrg move up by dint of weak interaction in the form of the charged intermediate vector meson $W$ from one self-consistent strong-correlated vortical harmonic oscillation motion of one size into another self-consistent strong-correlated vortical harmonic oscillation motion of another size.
Josiph Mladenov Rangelov
Use of ultracold neutrons for condensed-matter studies
Ultracold neutrons have such low velocities that they are reflected by most materials at all incident angles and can be stored in material bottles for long periods of time during which their intrinsic properties can be studied in great detail. These features have been mainly used for fundamental-physics studies including the detection of a possible neutron electric dipole moment and the precise determination of neutron-decay properties. Ultracold neutrons can also play a role in condensed-matter studies with the help of high-resolution spectrometers that use gravity as a strongly dispersive medium for low-velocity neutrons. Such studies have so far been limited by the low intensity of existing ultracold-neutron sources but could be reconsidered with more intense sources, which are now envisaged. This report provides a broad survey of the properties of ultracold neutrons (including their reflectivity by different types of samples), of ultracold-neutron spectrometers that are compared with other high-resolution instruments, of results obtained in the field of condensed matter with these instruments, and of neutron microscopes. All these subjects are illustrated by numerous examples.
Michaudon, A.
Measurements of ultracold neutron lifetimes in solid deuterium
We present the first measurements of the survival time of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) in solid deuterium SD2. This critical parameter provides a fundamental limitation to the effectiveness of superthermal UCN sources that utilize solid ortho-deuterium as the source material. Superthermal UCN sources offer orders of magnitude improvement in the available densities of UCNs, and are of great importance to fundamental particle-physics experiments such as searches for a static electric dipole moment and lifetime measurements of the free neutron. These measurements are performed utilizing a SD2 source coupled to a spallation source of neutrons, providing a demonstration of UCN production in this geometry and permitting systematic studies of the influence of thermal up-scatter and contamination with para-deuterium on the UCN survival time.
C. L. Morris; J. M. Anaya; T. J. Bowles; B. W. Filippone; P. Geltenbort; R. E. Hill; M. Hino; S. Hoedl; G. E. Hogan; T. M. Ito; T. Kawai; K. Kirch; S. K. Lamoreaux; C. -Y. Liu; M. Makela; L. J. Marek; J. W. Martin; R. N. Mortensen; A. Pichlmaier; A. Saunders; S. J. Seestrom; D. Smith; W. Teasdale; B. Tipton; M. Utsuro; A. R. Young; J. Yuan
Sample Environment Equipment Categories - ORNL Neutron Sciences
Home › Instruments › Sample Environment Home › Instruments › Sample Environment Sample Environment: Categories of Equipment All Ancillary Equipment Auto Changer Closed Cycle Refrigerators Closed Cycle Refrigerators - Bottom Loading Closed Cycle Refrigerators - Top Loading Furnaces Gas Handling Gas Panel High Pressure Systems Liquid Helium Cryostats Magnet Systems Other Special Environments Sample Cell Sample Stick Ultra Low Temperature Devices Sample Environment: by Beam Line All BL-11A-POWGEN BL-11B-MANDI BL-12-TOPAZ BL-13-Fundamental Neutron Physics Beam Line BL-14A-BL-14A BL-14B-HYSPEC BL-15-Neutron Spin Echo (NSE) BL-16B-VISION BL-17-SEQUOIA BL-18-ARCS BL-1A-TOF-USANS BL-1B-NOMAD BL-2-BASIS BL-3-SNAP BL-4A-Magnetism Reflectometer BL-4B-Liquids Reflectometer BL-5-Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS) BL-6-EQ-SANS
Commissioning of the new high-intensity ultracold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institut
Commissioning of the new high-intensity ultracold neutron (UCN) source at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) has started in 2009. The design goal of this new generation high intensity UCN source is to surpass by a factor of ~100 the current ultracold neutron densities available for fundamental physics research, with the greatest thrust coming from the search for a neutron electric dipole moment. The PSI UCN source is based on neutron production via proton induced lead spallation, followed by neutron thermalization in heavy water and neutron cooling in a solid deuterium crystal to cold and ultracold energies. A successful beam test with up to 2 mA proton beam on the spallation target was conducted recently. Most source components are installed, others being finally mounted. The installation is on the track for the first cool-down and UCN production in 2010.
Bernhard Lauss
NIST Physics Laboratory: Technical Activities 2001
... atomic physics, optical technology, ionizing radiation measurements, time and frequency measurements, quantum physics, fundamental constants ...
NIST Physics Laboratory: Technical Activities 2002
of Full Professor (W3 with tenure) for Precision Physics with ultra-cold Neutrons at the Institute, nuclear chemistry, as well as precision physics with ultra-cold neutrons and ion traps. We seek physics, and neutron physics. Applicants are expected to have a Ph.D. in physics, a proven first rate
Physics Division: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Physics Division Physics home Physics Division Site Home About Us Groups Applied Modern Physics, P-21 Neutron Science and Technology, P-23 Plasma Physics, P-24 Subatomic...
The Particle Adventure | What is fundamental? | Fundamental
The Standard Model - What is fundamental? - Eternal questions People have long asked: "What is the world made of?" and "What holds it together?" Question: What is the name of this...
Fundamental geosciences program. Annual report, 1977
The geoscience program relating to geothermal energy consists of four projects. In the project on reservoir dynamics, sophisticated codes have been written to simulate the dynamics of heat flow in geothermal reservoir systems. These codes have also been applied to the investigations of natural aquifers as a storage system for thermal energy. In the second project, core samples are studied to determine the high temperature and high pressure behavior of aquifers in the presence of saturating fluids. The third project covers the systematic evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of electrolytes in order to interpret the behavior of geothermal fluids. The fourth project involves hydrothermal solubility measurements of various minerals to elucidate the chemistry and mass transfer in geothermal systems. The second major program includes four projects which involve precise measurements and analysis of physical and chemical properties of geologic materials. These include measurements of the thermodynamic properties (viscosity, density and heat capacity) of silicate materials to help understand magma genesis and evolution, high-precision neutron activation analysis of rare and trace elements in magmatic materials, and the precise measurement of seismic wave velocities near geological faults, in order to determine the buildup of stress in the earth's crust. Third, the development program in fundamental geosciences includes six innovative projects. These projects include research in the in situ leaching of uranium ore, properties of magmas, removal of pyrite from coal, properties of soils and soft rocks, stress flow behavior of fractured rock systems, and high-precision mass spectrometry.
Witherspoon, P.A.; Apps, J.A.
About this Symposium. Meeting, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium, Materials Processing Fundamentals. Sponsorship, The Minerals, Metals�...
Momentum Dependent Fundamental Action
The fundamental action is dependent on momentum. Some consequences are presented for matter waves and scalar quantum field theory.
Karl De Paepe
Method of assaying uranium with prompt fission and thermal neutron borehole logging adjusted by borehole physical characteristics
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Uranium formations are assayed by prompt fission neutron logging techniques. The uranium in the formation is proportional to the ratio of epithermal counts to thermal or eqithermal dieaway. Various calibration factors enhance the accuracy of the measurement.
Barnard, Ralston W. (Albuquerque, NM); Jensen, Dal H. (Albuquerque, NM)
Method of assaying uranium with prompt fission and thermal neutron borehole logging adjusted by borehole physical characteristics. [Patient application
Uranium formations are assayed by prompt fission neutron logging techniques. The uranium in the formation is proportional to the ratio of epithermal counts to thermal or epithermal dieaway. Various calibration factors enhance the accuracy of the measurement.
Barnard, R.W.; Jensen, D.H.
Neutron Interferometer and Optics Facility
... measurements are used to study the magnetic, nuclear, and structural properties of materials, as well fundamental questions in quantum physics. ...
Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions - Some Aspects
In the framework of nuclear physics and at nuclear physics facilities a large number of different experiments can be performed which render the possibility to investigate fundamental symmetries and interactions in nature. In particular, the precise measurements of properties of fundamental fermions, searches for new interactions in $\\beta$-decays, and violations of discrete symmetries have a robust discovery potential for physics beyond standard theory. Precise measurements of fundamental constants can be carried out as well. Low energy experiments allow probing of New Physics models at mass scales far beyond the reach of present accelerators or such planned for the future in the domain of high energy physics and at which predicted new particles could be produced directly.
Klaus Jungmann
RF Conditioning and testing of fundamental power couplers for the RIA project
The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) is the highest priority of the nuclear physics community in the United States for a major new accelerator facility. A principal element of RIA will be a superconducting 1.4 GeV superconducting ion linac accelerating ions of isotopes from hydrogen to uranium onto production targets or for further acceleration by a second superconducting linac. The superconducting linac technology is closely related to that used at existing accelerators and the Spallation Neutron Source. Taking advantage of JLAB's SRF Institute facilities and expertise for the SNS project, preparation of couplers, RF conditioning and high power tests have been performed on fundamental power couplers for RIA project.
M. Stirbet; J. Popielarski; T. L. Grimm; M. Johnson
Theory of 1964 Theory of 1964 The Theory of 1964 In 1964, six theoretical physicists hypothesized a new field (like an electromagnetic field) that would permeate all of space and solve a critical problem for our understanding of the universe. Independently, other physicists were constructing a theory of the fundamental particles, eventually called the "Standard Model," that would prove to be phenomenally accurate.* These otherwise unrelated efforts turned out to be intimately interconnected. The Standard Model needed a mechanism to give fundamental particles mass. The field theory devised by Peter Higgs, Robert Brout, François Englert, Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hagen, and Thomas Kibble did just that. Photo of Francois Englert and Peter Higgs - © CERN * Experimental tests of the accuracy of some parts of the Standard Model
Exchange Rates and Fundamentals
We show analytically that in a rational expectations present-value model, an asset price manifests near�random walk behavior if fundamentals are I(1) and the factor for discounting future fundamentals is near one. We argue that this result helps explain the well-known puzzle that fundamental variables such as relative money supplies, outputs, inflation, and interest rates provide little help in predicting changes in floating exchange rates. As well, we show that the data do exhibit a related link suggested by standard models�that the exchange rate helps predict these fundamentals. The implication is that exchange rates and fundamentals are linked in a way that is broadly consistent with asset-pricing models of the exchange rate. I.
Charles Engel; Kenneth D. West
Deterministic Multigroup Modeling of Thermal Effect on Neutron Scattering by Heavy Nuclides.
??The principal physical phenomenon underlying the computation of neutron spectra is the nuclear reaction in which neutrons lose or gain energy, i.e., the neutron scattering� (more)
Ghrayeb, Shadi
Summary of the Latin American Workshop on Fundamental Interactions
Summary of the Latin American Workshop on Fundamental Interactions held at the Physics Department of the Universidad de Buenos Aires from 26 to 30 July 2004.
C. A. Garcia Canal
2009 International Conference on Neutron Scattering (ICNS 2009)
The ICNS provides a focal point for the worldwide neutron user community to strengthen ties within this diverse group, while at the same time promoting neutron research among colleagues in related disciplines identified as �?¢�?�?�?�?would-be�?¢�?�?�? neutron users. The International Conference on Neutron Scattering thus serves a dual role as an international user meeting and a scientific meeting. As a venue for scientific exchange, the ICNS showcases recent results and provides forums for scientific discussion of neutron research in diverse fields such as hard and soft condensed matter, liquids, biology, magnetism, engineering materials, chemical spectroscopy, crystal structure, and elementary excitations, fundamental physics and development of neutron instrumentation through a combination of invited talks, contributed talks and poster sessions. Each of the major national neutron facilities (NIST, LANSCE, ANL, HFIR and SNS), along with their international counterparts, has an opportunity to exchange information with each other and to update users, and potential users, of their facility. This is also an appropriate forum for users to raise issues that relate to the facilities.
Gopal Rao, PhD; Donna Gillespie
High precision thermal neutron detectors
Two-dimensional position sensitive detectors are indispensable in neutron diffraction experiments for determination of molecular and crystal structures in biology, solid-state physics and polymer chemistry. Some performance characteristics of these detectors are elementary and obvious, such as the position resolution, number of resolution elements, neutron detection efficiency, counting rate and sensitivity to gamma-ray background. High performance detectors are distinguished by more subtle characteristics such as the stability of the response (efficiency) versus position, stability of the recorded neutron positions, dynamic range, blooming or halo effects. While relatively few of them are needed around the world, these high performance devices are sophisticated and fairly complex; their development requires very specialized efforts. In this context, we describe here a program of detector development, based on {sup 3}He filled proportional chambers, which has been underway for some years at Brookhaven. Fundamental approaches and practical considerations are outlined that have resulted in a series of high performance detectors with the best known position resolution, position stability, uniformity of reliability over time of this type.
Radeka, V.; Schaknowski, N.A.; Smith, G.C.; and Yu, B.
... for Mass and Related Quantities CCM W90 conventional unit of power: W90=V90 ... theoretical ex- pression for an energy level of either hydro- gen H ...
... VII. A 1. NIST: Calculable capacitor 671 2. NMI: Calculable capacitor 672 3. NPL: Calculable capacitor 672 4. NIM: Calculable capacitor 672 5. LNE ...
Postulates and Prejudices in Fundamental Physics
Abstract. A new view on quantum gravity is presented, among others a new step toward quantization of gravity is presented. A model is also developed, where the elementary particles are black holes. This disagrees with the Higgs mechanism. An explanation is also shown why three space dimensions exist, and what is uncertainty of masses of black holes. A new view on consciousness theory is shown. Regardless of the correctness of the above theories it is shown, what postulates are and what prejudices are. 1.
unknown authors
... fine splitting in hydrogen and fine-structure splitting in helium do not yield a ... and for the vacuum polarization it is Friar, 1979a, 1981; Hylton, 1985 ...
Fundamental Constants Data Center Homepage
Fundamental Constants Data Center. Welcome. ... Fundamental Constants and Tests of Theory in Rydberg States of Hydrogenlike Ions" Phys. Rev. ...
NIST Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Staff Directory
Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Staff Directory. Browse Staff by Group. Dosimetry. Neutron Physics. Radioactivity. Search for Staff Member. ...
Probing TeV scale physics via ultra cold neutron decays and calculating non-standard baryon matrix elements
We motivate undertaking precision analyses of neutron decays to look for signatures of new scalar and tensor interactions that can arise in extensions of the Standard Model at the TeV scale. The key ingrediant needed to connect experimental data with theoretical analysis are high-precision calculations of matrix elements of isovector bilinear operators between the decaying neutron and final state proton. We describe the status of our Lattice QCD program of using valence clover fermions on dynamical N_f=2+1+1 HISQ configurations generated by the MILC Collaboration. On the theoretical side we use the effective field theory method and provide both model independent and dependent analyses to obtain bounds on possible scalar and tensor interactions, both from low energy experiments and LHC data.
Rajan Gupta; Tanmoy Bhattacharya; Anosh Joseph; Huey-Wen Lin; Saul D. Cohen
Neutron Detection Efficiency of the
on improving the physical model used for neutron scattering in the resonance region. In many cases, the physical model for neutron scattering must take into account the motion of the target nuclei [2International Conference on Mathematics, Computational Methods & Reactor Physics (M&C 2009
Gilfoyle, Jerry
PHYSICAL REVIEW C 81, 014607 (2010) Fission fragment mass and energy distributions as a function of incident neutron energy measured
, and Nuclear Engineering, NES 1-25, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, USA 2 Los Alamos National Lab, Los of the light and heavy fragment and the decrease in the number of events as a function of the neutron slowing for their funding of this research, Grant No. DE-FG0303NA00079. [1] G. A. Cowan, B. P. Bayhurst, R. I. Prestwood, J
e-prints - see the 'hep' sections CERN Document Server Over a million records on high-energy physics (HEP) from CERN INSPIRE HEP papers updated daily (a collaboration of CERN,...
NIST Physics Laboratory: Technical Activities 2003 and 2004
Published Research 2007 | ORNL Neutron Sciences
7 7 Most publications are in Adobe Portable Document Format. Download Adobe Reader. For more information about any of these publications, please contact the Neutrons Sciences Communications Office. Primary Author Index: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z A R. Alarcon, "Fundamental physics with cold and ultracold neutrons," Revista Mexicana De Fisica 53, 125-127 (February 2007). Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Newsline, "RIT Targeting of HIV-Infected Cells," Journal of Nuclear Medicine 48 (1), 14N (2007). A. Aleksandrov, C. Deibele, and T. Roseberry, "New Design of the SNS MEBT Chopper Deflector," Proc. of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, 1817-1819, Albuquerque, New Mexico, June 25-29, 2007. A. Aleksandrov, S. Assadi, W. Blokland, P. Chu, S. Cousineau, V.
Why gravity is fundamental
It is argued that the existence of a minimum size of spacetime may imply the fundamental existence of gravity as a geometric property of spacetime described by general relativity.
Shan Gao
Gao, Sheldon
Spallation Neutron Source
D/gim D/gim Spallation Neutron Source SNS is an accelerator-based neutron source. This one-of-a-kind facility pro- vides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world. When ramped up to its full beam power of 1.4 MW, SNS will be eight times more powerful than today's best facility. It will give researchers more detailed snapshots of the smallest samples of physical and biological materials than ever before
of Physics and Power Engineering (Obninsk) have proposed an accelerator based neutron source for neutron for neutron capture therapy is under construction now at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, NovosibirskAccelerator based neutron source for neutron capture therapy B. Bayanov, Yu. Belchenko, V. Belov, V
Saskatchewan, University of
Michael Ohl | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Michael Ohl Lead Instrument Scientist: Neutron Spin Echo Spectrometer (NSE), SNS http:www.jcns.info Education PhD in Physics, University of Augsburg, Germany Description of...
Fundamental Thermal Fluid Physics of High Temperature Flows in Advanced Reactor Systems - Nuclear Energy Research Initiative Program Interoffice Work Order (IWO) MSF99-0254 Final Report for Period 1 August 1999 to 31 December 2002
The ultimate goal of the study is the improvement of predictive methods for safety analyses and design of advanced reactors for higher efficiency and enhanced safety and for deployable reactors for electrical power generation, process heat utilization and hydrogen generation. While key applications would be advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGCRs) using the closed Brayton cycle (CBC) for higher efficiency (such as the proposed Gas Turbine - Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR) of General Atomics [Neylan and Simon, 1996]), results of the proposed research should also be valuable in reactor systems with supercritical flow or superheated vapors, e.g., steam. Higher efficiency leads to lower cost/kwh and reduces life-cycle impacts of radioactive waste (by reducing waters/kwh). The outcome will also be useful for some space power and propulsion concepts and for some fusion reactor concepts as side benefits, but they are not the thrusts of the investigation. The objective of the project is to provide fundamental thermal fluid physics knowledge and measurements necessary for the development of the improved methods for the applications.
McEligot, D.M.; Condie, K.G.; Foust, T.D.; McCreery, G.E.; Pink, R.J.; Stacey, D.E. (INEEL); Shenoy, A.; Baccaglini, G. (General Atomics); Pletcher, R.H. (Iowa State U.); Wallace, J.M.; Vukoslavcevic, P. (U. Maryland); Jackson, J.D. (U. Manchester, UK); Kunugi, T. (Kyoto U., Japan); Satake, S.-i. (Tokyo U. Science, Japan)
Eugene Wigner and Fundamental Symmetry Principles
Eugene Wigner and Fundamental Symmetry Principles Eugene Wigner and Fundamental Symmetry Principles Patents · Resources with Additional Information · Wigner Honored "[Eugene P.] Wigner's great contribution to science, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, was his insight into the fundamental mathematics and physics of quantum mechanics. He applied and extended the mathematical theory of groups to the quantum world of the atom; specifically, he used group theory to organize the quantum energy levels of electrons in atoms in a way that is now standard. With that mathematical approach to the atom, Wigner became one of the first to apprehend the deep implications of symmetry, which has since emerged as one, if not the, key principle of 20th-century theoretical physics. ... Eugene P. Wigner
Industry - ORNL Neutron Sciences
Industry and Neutron Science Industry and Neutron Science Industry and Neutron Science: Working To Make a Match "In fundamental research, we want to know everything. Industry wants to know enough to answer a question." Research Contact: Mike Crawford September 2011, Written by Deborah Counce Mike Crawford and Souleymane Diallo Mike Crawford of Dupont (right) and Souleymane Diallo, instrument scientist for the Backscattering Spectrometer at SNS, prepare a material sample for an experiment on the instrument. Industrial users are starting to eye the potential of neutron science for solving problems that can't be solved in any other way. At the same time, the SNS and HFIR neutron science facilities at ORNL are exploring ways to woo such users and to make a match of it, to the benefit of both.
Wireless Sensor Network Fundamentals
Wireless Sensor Network Fundamentals Wireless Sensor Network Fundamentals Speaker(s): Steven Lanzisera Date: February 8, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Kevin Kircher Wireless sensor networks have been promising to provide easy data collection and control capability to applications ranging from scientific data collection, disaster recover, national security, and more. The user experience, however, has been filled with confusing terminology, complicated systems, and a lack of interoperability between vendors. Users with a background in the technology and fundamentals are better able to understand system capabilities, make decisions, and end up with a network that meets their needs. Although a sufficient coverage of this topic is at least a semester course, the goal of this talk is to give a brief
Hydrogen recycling: fundamental processes
The recycling of hydrogen at the interior surfaces of plasma devices is an important and largely uncontrolled process at present. There remain important questions concerning the fundamental processes involved in recycling phenomena and the material dependence of these pocesses. A primary aim of the fundamental studies should be to develop sufficient understanding of the influence of materials properties on hydrogen recycling so that the materials and machine operating conditions can be selected to give maximum control of hydrogen recycling. In addition, realistic models of the wall behavior under recycling conditions need to be developed. Such modeling goes hand-in-hand with both fundamental process studies and in situ measurements, and may provide sufficient overall understanding of the influence of recycling on machine operation to impact design decisions effecting such important processes as impurity control, plasma, fueling, and pulse length.
Picraux, S.T.
The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory, terminology, and application. The handbook includes information on alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors, and generators; AC power and reactive components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; transformers; and electrical test instruments and measuring devices. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical equipment.
Extracting the fundamental parameters
If supersymmetry is discovered at the LHC, the extraction of the fundamental parameters will be a formidable task. In such a system where measurements depend on different combinations of the parameters in a highly correlated system, the identification of the true parameter set in an efficient way necessitates the development and use of sophisticated methods. A rigorous treatment of experimental and theoretical errors is necessary to determine the precision of the measurement of the fundamental parameters. The techniques developed for this endeavor can also be applied to similar problems such as the determination of the Higgs boson couplings at the LHC.
Dirk Zerwas
EEE 562 Nuclear Reactor Theory and Design (3 hrs) Catalog Description: Principles of neutron chain reacting systems. Neutron diffusion and moderation.
important part of reactor physics. As the neutrons are produced in neutron induced fission of a fissile physical processes like neutron capture, elastic and inelastic scattering, upscattering, etc. Neutron technique is a scattering of free neutrons by matter. It is used in biophysics, physics, chemistry
Clifford G. Shull, Neutron Diffraction, Hydrogen Atoms, and Neutron
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Clifford Shull, Neutron Diffraction, and Neutron Scattering Clifford Shull, Neutron Diffraction, and Neutron Scattering Resources with Additional Information Clifford G. Shull was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique". 'Professor Shull's prize was awarded for his pioneering work in neutron scattering, a technique that reveals where atoms are within a material like ricocheting bullets reveal where obstacles are in the dark. Clifford Shull Photo Courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory When a beam of neutrons is directed at a given material, the neutrons bounce off, or are scattered by, atoms in the sample being investigated. The neutrons' directions change, depending on the location of the atoms they hit, and a diffraction pattern of the atoms' positions can then be obtained.
Hoisting & Rigging Fundamentals
Hoisting and Rigging Hoisting and Rigging Fundamentals for Riaaers and ODerators Pendant Control - Components TR244C, Rev. 5 December 2002 TR244C Rev . 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii HOISTING AND RIGGING OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 WIRE ROPE SLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I O CHAINSLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 METAL MESH SLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 SPREADER BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 RIGGING HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some Aspects of Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions
The known fundamental symmetries and interactions are well described by the Standard Model. Features of this powerful theory, which are described but not deeper explained, are addressed in a variety of speculative models. Experimental tests of the predictions in such approaches can be either through direct observations at the highest possible accelerator energies or through precision measurements in which small deviations from calculated values within the Standard Model are searched for. Antiproton physics renders a number of possibilities to search for new physics.
Fundamental understanding of matter: an engineering viewpoint
Fundamental understanding of matter is a continuous process that should produce physical data for use by engineers and scientists in their work. Lack of fundamental property data in any engineering endeavor cannot be mitigated by theoretical work that is not confirmed by physical experiments. An engineering viewpoint will be presented to justify the need for understanding of matter. Examples will be given in the energy engineering field to outline the importance of further understanding of material and fluid properties and behavior. Cases will be cited to show the effects of various data bases in energy, mass, and momentum transfer. The status of fundamental data sources will be discussed in terms of data centers, new areas of engineering, and the progress in measurement techniques. Conclusions and recommendations will be outlined to improve the current situation faced by engineers in carrying out their work. 4 figures.
Cullingford, H.S.; Cort, G.E.
Jul 31, 2011 ... Applications of Thermo-Chemical and Thermo-Physical Models in the ... Continuous Casting Simulation of 2304 Duplex Stainless Steel Via�...
Status of the Fundamental Laws of Thermodynamics
We describe recent progress towards deriving the Fundamental Laws of thermodynamics (the 0th, 1st and 2nd Law) from nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics in simple, yet physically relevant models. Along the way, we clarify some basic thermodynamic notions and discuss various reversible and irreversible thermodynamic processes from the point of view of quantum statistical mechanics.
Walid K. Abou Salem; Juerg Froehlich
We describe recent progress towards deriving the Fundamental Laws of thermodynamics (the 0 th,1 st, and 2 nd Law) from nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics in simple, yet physically relevant models. Along the way, we clarify some basic thermodynamic notions and discuss various reversible and irreversible thermodynamic processes from the point of view of quantum statistical mechanics. 1
Walid K. Abou Salem; J�rg Fr�hlich
Fundamentals Explain High Prices
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
9 9 Notes: One can use a simple model to deal with price/fundamental relationships. This one predicts monthly average WTI price as a function of OECD total petroleum stock deviations from the normal levels . The graph shows the model as it begins predicting prices in 1992. It shows how well the model has predicted not only the direction, but the magnitude of prices over this 8+ year period. While the model is simple and not perfect, it does predict the overall trends and, in particular, the recent rise in prices. It also shows that prices may have over-shot the fundamental balance for a while -- at least partially due to speculative concerns over Mideast tensions, winter supply adequacy, and Iraq's export policies. Prices now seem to be correcting, and may even undershoot briefly
Variation of fundamental constants
We present a review of recent works devoted to the variation of the fine structure constant alpha, strong interaction and fundamental masses. There are some hints for the variation in quasar absorption spectra, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and Oklo natural nuclear reactor data. A very promising method to search for the variation of the fundamental constants consists in comparison of different atomic clocks. Huge enhancement of the variation effects happens in transition between accidentally degenerate atomic and molecular energy levels. A new idea is to build a ``nuclear'' clock based on the ultraviolet transition between very low excited state and ground state in Thorium nucleus. This may allow to improve sensitivity to the variation up to 10 orders of magnitude! Huge enhancement of the variation effects is also possible in cold atomic and molecular collisions near Feschbach resonance.
V. V. Flambaum
Glossary Term - Neutron Emission
Neutron Previous Term (Neutron) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Niobe) Niobe Neutron Emission After neutron emission, an atom contains one less neutron. Neutron emission is one...
DOE fundamentals handbook: Material science. Volume 2
This handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of the structure and properties of metals. This volume contains the following modules: thermal shock (thermal stress, pressurized thermal shock), brittle fracture (mechanism, minimum pressurization-temperature curves, heatup/cooldown rate limits), and plant materials (properties considered when selecting materials, fuel materials, cladding and reflectors, control materials, nuclear reactor core problems, plant material problems, atomic displacement due to irradiation, thermal and displacement spikes due to irradiation, neutron capture effect, radiation effects in organic compounds, reactor use of aluminum).
Fundamental Interaction Mechanisms of Engineered ...
Fundamental Interaction Mechanisms of Engineered Nanomaterials with DNA. Summary: We utilized isotope-dilution liquid ...
Dissipative dynamics of vortex arrays in trapped Bose-condensed gases: neutron stars physics on $?$K scale
We develop a theory of dissipative dynamics of large vortex arrays in trapped Bose-condensed gases. We show that in a static trap the interaction of the vortex array with thermal excitations leads to a non-exponential decay of the vortex structure, and the characteristic lifetime depends on the initial density of vortices. Drawing an analogy with physics of pulsar glitches, we propose an experiment which employs the heating of the thermal cloud in the course of the decay of the vortex array as a tool for a non-destructive study of the vortex dynamics.
P. O. Fedichev; A. E. Muryshev
DOE fundamentals handbook: Chemistry
This handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of chemistry. This volume contains the following modules: reactor water chemistry (effects of radiation on water chemistry, chemistry parameters), principles of water treatment (purpose; treatment processes [ion exchange]; dissolved gases, suspended solids, and pH control; water purity), and hazards of chemicals and gases (corrosives [acids, alkalies], toxic compounds, compressed gases, flammable/combustible liquids).
The Chemistry Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of chemistry. The handbook includes information on the atomic structure of matter; chemical bonding; chemical equations; chemical interactions involved with corrosion processes; water chemistry control, including the principles of water treatment; the hazards of chemicals and gases, and basic gaseous diffusion processes. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the chemical properties of materials and the way these properties can impose limitations on the operation of equipment and systems.
Fundamentals versus Beliefs under Almost Common Knowledge
Fundamentals versus Beliefs under Almost Common Knowledgeabout the economic fundamentals, this indeterminacy vanishespsychology as on economic fundamentals has become widespread
Karp, Larry
Neutron Radiography
Table 8 Characteristics of neutron radiography at various neutron-energy ranges...Good discrimination between materials and ready availability
Neutron Sources
Table 1 Characteristics of neutron radiography at various neutron-energy ranges...Good discrimination between materials, and ready
Matter: the fundamental particles
"The largest particle physics centre in the world is located in Europe. It straddles the Franco-Swiss border, near Geneva. At CERN - the European Organisation for Nuclear Research , which is focused on the science of nuclear matter rather than on the exploitation of atomic energy - there are over 6 500 scientists." (1 page)
Landua, Rolf
Dr. Andrey Podlesnyak | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Andrey Podlesnyak Andrey Podlesnyak Dr. Andrey Podlesnyak Instrument Scientist: Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS), SNS Education PhD in Physics, Institute for Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg, Russia Description of Research 2008 - present Instrument Scientist, Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer, Neutron Scattering Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2006 - 2008 Instrument Scientist, single crystal diffractometer E-4, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Berlin, Germany 2002 - 2006 Instrument Scientist, TOF spectrometer FOCUS, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland 2000 - 2002 Instrument Scientist, triple-axis spectrometer TASP, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland 1994 - 2000 Physicist, Institute for Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Materials Processing Fundamentals Symposium I
Sponsored by: Jt. EPD/MDMD Synthesis, Control, and Analysis in Materials Processing Committee, EPD Process Fundamentals, Aqueous Processing, Copper,�...
ALUMINIUM REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY: V: Fundamentals
ALUMINIUM REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY: Session V: Fundamentals. Sponsored by: LMD Aluminum Committee Program Organizer: Harald A. �ye, Institute of�...
Physics Division: Subatomic Physics Group
Subatomic Physics Subatomic Physics Physics home » Subatomic Physics Site Home About Us Groups Applied Modern Physics, P-21 Neutron Science and Technology, P-23 Plasma Physics, P-24 Subatomic Physics, P-25 CONTACTS Group Leader Jon Kapustinsky (Acting) Deputy Group Leader Andy Saunders Office Administration Irene Martinez Miquela Sanchez Group Office (505) 667-6941 Physics Links Jobs in Physics Human Resources Working at Los Alamos Los Alamos resources Who we are, what we do We conduct basic research in nuclear and particle physics, applying this expertise to solve problems of national importance. By pushing the limits of our understanding of the smallest building blocks of matter through diverse experiments probing aspects of subatomic reactions, we aim to provide a more thorough understanding of the basic
Notes 01. The fundamental assumptions and equations of lubrication theory
The fundamental assumption in Lubrication Theory. Derivation of thin film flow equations from Navier-Stokes equations. Importance of fluid inertia effects in thin film flows. Some fluid physical properties
San Andres, Luis
Clifford algebras, spinors and fundamental interactions : Twenty Years After
This is a short review of the algebraic properties of Clifford algebras and spinors. Their use in the description of fundamental physics (elementary particles) is also summarized. Lecture given at the ICCA7 conference, Toulouse (23/05/2005)
Robert Coquereaux
NIST: N42-2011 Neutron Handheld Instruments
... The instrument's location and battery status is reported for each reading. Neutron handheld instrument file: http://physics ...
Glossary Term - Neutron
Neutrino Previous Term (Neutrino) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Neutron Emission) Neutron Emission Neutron A Neutron Neutrons are uncharged particles found within atomic nuclei....
2014-03-31: Fundamentals of Metrology
Fundamentals of Metrology. Purpose: The Fundamentals of Metrology seminar will introduce the participant to the concepts ...
2013-08-12: Fundamentals of Metrology
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 562 (2006) 401406 Generating a multi-line neutron beam using an electron
. Glasstone, Nuclear Reactor Theory, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company (1970). [17] W.E. Lamb, Phys. Rev with the steady-state filtered neutron beams obtained using nuclear reactors [14]. The filter materials used in conjuc- tion with nuclear reactors are scandium (producing 2.03 keV neutron beams with a width DE$1:3 ke
DOE fundamentals handbook: Material science. Volume 1
This handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of the structure and properties of metals. This volume contains the two modules: structure of metals (bonding, common lattic types, grain structure/boundary, polymorphis, alloys, imperfections in metals) and properties of metals (stress, strain, Young modulus, stress-strain relation, physical properties, working of metals, corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, tritium/material compatibility).
Fourteenth National School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering
either nuclear physics parameters such as the effective delayed neutron fraction, or the so- called several new features in the physics of the ADS that require further development of the theory of neutron / q 3.784= #12;Neutron Fluctuations in Reactors R111 The physical reason for the above
Pennycook, Steve
National School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering
Cooling of isolated neutron stars as a probe of superdense matter physics Alexander Kaminker physics Alexander Kaminker 1. Introduction Microscopic theories of superdense matter in neutron star cores #12;Cooling of isolated neutron stars as a probe of superdense matter physics Alexander Kaminker
Minimizers for the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Theory of Neutron Stars and White Dwarfs
We prove the existence of minimizers for Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) energy functionals with attractive two-body interactions given by Newtonian gravity. This class of HFB functionals serves as model problem for self-gravitating relativistic Fermi systems, which are found in neutron stars and white dwarfs. Furthermore, we derive some fundamental properties of HFB minimizers such as a decay estimate for the minimizing density. A decisive feature of the HFB model in gravitational physics is its failure of weak lower semicontinuity. This fact essentially complicates the analysis compared to the well-studied Hartree-Fock theories in atomic physics.
Enno Lenzmann; Mathieu Lewin
Fundamentals and Techniques of Nonimaging
This is the final report describing a long term basic research program in nonimaging optics that has led to major advances in important areas, including solar energy, fiber optics, illumination techniques, light detectors, and a great many other applications. The term ''nonimaging optics'' refers to the optics of extended sources in systems for which image forming is not important, but effective and efficient collection, concentration, transport, and distribution of light energy is. Although some of the most widely known developments of the early concepts have been in the field of solar energy, a broad variety of other uses have emerged. Most important, under the auspices of this program in fundamental research in nonimaging optics established at the University of Chicago with support from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences at the Department of Energy, the field has become very dynamic, with new ideas and concepts continuing to develop, while applications of the early concepts continue to be pursued. While the subject began as part of classical geometrical optics, it has been extended subsequently to the wave optics domain. Particularly relevant to potential new research directions are recent developments in the formalism of statistical and wave optics, which may be important in understanding energy transport on the nanoscale. Nonimaging optics permits the design of optical systems that achieve the maximum possible concentration allowed by physical conservation laws. The earliest designs were constructed by optimizing the collection of the extreme rays from a source to the desired target: the so-called ''edge-ray'' principle. Later, new concentrator types were generated by placing reflectors along the flow lines of the ''vector flux'' emanating from lambertian emitters in various geometries. A few years ago, a new development occurred with the discovery that making the design edge-ray a functional of some other system parameter permits the construction of whole new classes of devices with greatly expanded capabilities compared to conventional approaches. These ''tailored edge-ray'' designs have dramatically broadened the range of geometries in which nonimaging optics can provide a significant performance improvement. Considerable progress continues to be made in furthering the incorporation of nonimaging secondaries into practical high concentration and ultra-high concentration solar collector systems. In parallel with the continuing development of nonimaging geometrical optics, our group has been working to develop an understanding of certain fundamental physical optics concepts in the same context. In particular, our study of the behavior of classical radiance in nonimaging systems, has revealed some fundamentally important new understandings that we have pursued both theoretically and experimentally. The field is still relatively new and is rapidly gaining widespread recognition because it fuels many industrial applications. Because of this, during the final years of the project, our group at Chicago has been working more closely with a team of industrial scientists from Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) at first informally, and later more formally, beginning in 1998, under a formal program initiated by the Department of Energy and incrementally funded through this existing grant. This collaboration has been very fruitful and has led to new conceptual breakthroughs which have provided the foundation for further exciting growth. Many of these concepts are described in some detail in the report.
O'Gallagher, J. J.; Winston, R.
Neutron-Anti-Neutron Oscillation: Theory and Phenomenology
The discovery of neutrino masses has provided strong hints in favor of the possibility that B-L symmetry is an intimate feature of physics beyond the standard model. I discuss how important information about this symmetry as well as other scenarios for TeV scale new physics can be obtained from the baryon number violating process, neutron-anti-neutron oscillation. This article presents an overview of different aspects of neutron-anti-neutron oscillation and is divided into the following parts : (i) the phenomenon; (ii) the physics, (iii) plausible models and (iv) applications to cosmology. In particular, it is argued how the discovery of $n-\\bar{n}$ oscillation can significantly affect our thinking about simple grand unified theory paradigms for physics beyond the standard model, elucidate the nature of forces behind neutrino mass and provide a new microphysical view of the origin of matter in the universe.
R. N. Mohapatra
Measurements of the Thermal Neutron Scattering Kernel
world's most powerful neutron source, the $1.4 billion Spallation Neutron Source At 1.4MW, SNS produces. SNS will feature 24 beamlines for physics, chemistry, biology, materials research. www.sns.gov #12 · Coproduction of epithermal, thermal and cold neutrons #12;SNS Instrument Beam Lines 1st experimentproposed 2nd
The New Munich Neutron Source FRM II: Overview and Uses for Biological Studies
Neutron Physics at NIST M. Arif 8th UCN Workshop St. Petersburg Moscow, Russia June 11-21, 2011 #12;NCNR Guide Hall 20 MW Reactor #12;Neutron Physics at the NCNR Beam Flux n cm-2 s-1 Peak Wavelength Facility Low Scatter Neutron Dosimeter Calibration Facility #12;December 31, 2012 Physics Physics Physics
Doster, Wolfgang
Neutron Science | More Science | ORNL
of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics for this groundbreaking work. Today, the laboratory is home to two of the most powerful neutron science facilities in the world-the Spallation...
PNNL: Fundamental & Computational Sciences - About
About Us Organizational Chart Button The Fundamental & Computational Sciences are vital at DOE's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). We advance scientific frontiers and...
Handbook of heat transfer fundamentals
This handbook is on the fundamentals of heat transfer. It provides coverage on conduction, convection, and radiation and on thermophysical properties of materials.
Rohsenow, W.M.; Hartnett, J.P.; Ganic, E.N.
Education banner Education banner Sunil Sinha A Chat with Sunil Sinha, Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of California-San Diego and speaker at the recent CNMS-SNS Research Forum more... The purpose of the Spallation Neutron Source and the High Flux Isotope Reactor is to facilitate neutron scattering as an integral tool for scientific research and technological development across many scientific and engineering domains within the scientific, academic,and industrial communities. Coupled with this role is a recognized need to inspire, educate, and facilitate the next generation of users and hence foster enhanced use of the unique neutron scattering facilities at ORNL. This is the central theme of the education activities within the Neutron Sciences Directorate (NScD).
A fundamental approach for storage commodity classification
2.1 Fundamental23] Quintiere, J.G. , Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena. JohnOF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO A Fundamental Approach for Storage
Gollner, Michael J.
2821/2000/62#9#/092005#6#/$15.00 ©2000 The American Physical Society 62 0920051 #12; II. EXPERIMENT The measurement of the neutron and the singleneutron event is shown in the top panel of Fig. F. BOEHM et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW D 62 092005 092005 and # 2 are displayed. NEUTRON PRODUCTION BY COSMICRAY MUONS AT . . . PHYSICAL REVIEW D 62 092005 092005
Neutron dosimetry
A method of measuring neutron radiation within a nuclear reactor is provided. A sintered oxide wire is disposed within the reactor and exposed to neutron radiation. The induced radioactivity is measured to provide an indication of the neutron energy and flux within the reactor.
Quinby, Thomas C. (Kingston, TN)
The advanced neutron source research and development plan
The Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) is being designed as a user-oriented neutron research laboratory centered around the most intense continuous beams of thermal and subthermal neutrons in the world (an order of magnitude more intense than beams available from the most advanced existing reactors). The ANS will be built around a new research reactor of 330-MW fission power, producing an unprecedented peak thermal flux of >7 {center_dot} 10{sup 19} {center_dot} m{sup -2} {center_dot} s{sup -1}. Primarily a research facility, the ANS will accommodate more than 1000 academic, industrial, and government researchers each year. They will conduct basic research in all branches of science as well as applied research leading to better understanding of new materials, including high temperature super conductors, plastics, and thin films. Some 48 neutron beam stations will be set up in the ANS beam rooms and the neutron guide hall for neutron scattering and for fundamental and nuclear physics research. There also will be extensive facilities for materials irradiation, isotope production, and analytical chemistry. The top level work breakdown structure (WBS) for the project. As noted in this figure, one component of the project is a research and development (R&D) program (WBS 1.1). This program interfaces with all of the other project level two WBS activities. Because one of the project guidelines is to meet minimum performance goals without relying on new inventions, this R&D activity is not intended to produce new concepts to allow the project to meet minimum performance goals. Instead, the R&D program will focus on the four objectives described.
Selby, D.L.
LLNL-ABS-503471 Page 1 Opening Session Prospects for Fundamental...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
503471 Page 1 Opening Session Prospects for Fundamental High Energy Density Science Research at the National Ignition Facility W. H. Goldstein Associate Director for Physical and...
Notes on the Lumped Backward Master Equation for the Neutron Extinction/Survival Probability
The expected or mean neutron number (or density) provides an adequate characterization of the neutron population and its dynamical excursions in most neutronic applications, in particular power reactors. Fluctuations in the neutron number, originating from the inherent randomness of neutron interactions and fission neutron multiplicities, are relatively small and ignorable for operational purposes, although measurements of the variance and time correlations provide valuable diagnostic information on fundamental reactor physics parameters. However, it is well known that there exist situations of great interest and importance in which a strictly deterministic description, or even one supplemented with a knowledge of low order statistical averages (variance, correlation), provides an incomplete and very unsatisfactory description of the state of the neutron population. These situations are marked by persistent large fluctuations in the neutron number where the emergence of a deterministic phase is suppressed. Such situations are strongly stochastic and therefore unpredictable (i.e., the mean is not representative of the actual population), and can arise either by design or by accident. Examples where the stochastic behavior of neutron populations must be taken into account include: nuclear weapon single-point safety assessment; criticality excursions in spent fuel storage and in the handling of fissile solutions in fuel fabrication and reprocessing; approach to critical under suboptimal reactor start-up conditions; preinitiation in fast burst research reactors; and weak nuclear signatures in the passive detection of nuclear materials. What distinguishes strongly stochastic neutronic systems from strongly deterministic systems is that, in the former, neutron multiplication occurs in the presence of weak neutron sources, such as spontaneous fission and background (cosmic) radiation. Weak sources (in a sense that can be made quite precise) lead to well separated fission chains (a fission chain is defined as the initial source neutron and all its subsequent progeny) in which some chains are short lived while others propagate for unusually long times. Under these conditions, fission chains do not overlap strongly and this precludes the cancellation of neutron number fluctuations necessary for the mean to become established as the dominant measure of the neutron population. The fate of individual chains then plays a defining role in the evolution of the neutron population in strongly stochastic systems, and of particular interest and importance in supercritical systems is the extinction probability, defined as the probability that the neutron chain (initiating neutron and its progeny) will be extinguished at a particular time, or its complement, the time-dependent survival probability. The time-asymptotic limit of the latter, the probability of divergence, gives the probability that the neutron population will grow without bound, and is more commonly known as the probability of initiation or just POI. The ability to numerically compute these probabilities, with high accuracy and without overly restricting the underlying physics (e.g., fission neutron multiplicity, reactivity variation) is clearly essential in developing an understanding of the behavior of strongly stochastic systems.
Prinja, Anil K [Los Alamos National Laboratory
NIST Fundamental Constants Data Center 1999 - FCDC
... FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS DATA CENTER. ... The FCDC mission is to: provide an international information center on the fundamental constants; ...
The fundamental relationships between grain orientation ...
... be used to probe the fundamental relationships between ... [32] HR Piehler, Crystal-Plasticity Fundamentals, in: Metals Handbook: Fundamen- tals ...
Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons
... by Lauriston S. Taylor, who's Bureau of Standards Handbook 15, entitled X ... have helped answer some of the most fundamental questions in physics ...
MSc thesis topic: Coupled Thermal-hydraulic MC neutronic calculations
Institute of Nuclear Physics the source of epithermal neutrons based on a vacuum insulation tandem At the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the VITA-facility for the boron neutron capture therapyNew technical solution for using the time-of-flight technique to measure neutron spectra V. Aleynik
Haviland, David
Connected gradings and fundamental group.
The main purpose of this paper is to provide explicit computations of the fundamental group of several algebras. For this purpose, given a $k$-algebra $A$, we consider the category of all connected gradings of $A$ by a group $G$ and we study the relation between gradings and Galois coverings. This theoretical tool gives information about the fundamental group of $A$, which allows its computation using complete lists of gradings.
Claude Cibils (I3M); Maria Julia Redondo (Departamento De Matematica UNS); Andrea Solotar (Departamento De Matematica UBA)
Awards 2007 | ORNL Neutron Sciences
7 7 Staff Awards: 2007 Chakoumakos elected MSA Fellow Bryan Chakoumakos Neutron scientist Bryan Chakoumakos was recently elected a fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America. A member of the Neutron Scattering Science Division, Bryan leads the Single-Crystal Diffraction Group. The group has five neutron scattering instruments in various stages of design and construction, located at HFIR and SNS. The MSA was founded in 1919 and, among other goals, encourages fundamental research on natural materials and supports education through its publications, educational grants, and courses. Pharos Neutron Detector System Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have won six R&D 100 Awards, given annually by R&D Magazine to the year's
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 55, No. 4, October 2009, pp. 13891393 Measurements of the Neutron Scattering Spectrum from 238
scattering, Resonance, Time-of-flight, Depleted uranium, LINAC experiment DOI: 10.3938/jkps.55.1389 I and p = 1.2. Two different thickness depleted uranium, with 0.3% U-235, samples were used the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) method and a 6 Li scintillation detector. Two different thickness depleted
NIST Quantum Physics Division 1993 - Technical Highlights
... noise ratio, and the fundamental metrological advantage ... Avogadro's constant, physics and chemistry of isomers ... lasers from the Handbook of Laser ...
Review of Non-Neutron and Neutron Nuclear Data, 2004
Review articles are in preparation for the 2004 edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics dealing with the evaluation of both non-neutron and neutron nuclear data. Data on the discovery of element 110, Darmstadtium, and element 111 have been officially accepted, while data on element 118 have been withdrawn. Data to be presented include revised values for very short-lived nuclides, long-lived nuclides, and beta-beta decay measurements. There has been a reassessment of the spontaneous fission (sf) half-lives, which distinguishes between sf decay half-lives and cluster decay half-lives, and with cluster-fission decay. New measurements of isotopic abundance values for many elements will be discussed with an emphasis on the minor isotopes of interest for use in neutron activation analysis measurements. Neutron resonance integrals will be discussed emphasizing the differences between the calculated values obtained from the analytical integration over neutron resonances and the measured values in a neutron reactor-spectrum, which does not quite conform to the assumed 1/E neutron energy spectrum. The method used to determine the neutron resonance integral from measurement, using neutron activation analysis, will be discussed.
Holden, Norman E. [National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States)
Review articles are in preparation for the 2004 edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics dealing with the evaluation of both non-neutron and neutron nuclear data. Data on the discovery of element 110, Darmstadtium, and element 111 have been officially accepted, while data on element 11 8 have been withdrawn. Data to be presented include revised values for very short-lived nuclides, long-lived nuclides and beta-beta decay measurements. There has been a reassessment of the spontaneous fission (sf) half-lives, which distinguishes between sf decay half-lives and cluster decay half-lives and with cluster-fission decay. New measurements of isotopic abundance values for many elements will be discussed with an emphasis on the minor isotopes of interest for use in neutron activation analysis measurements. Neutron resonance integrals will be discussed emphasizing the differences between the calculated values obtained from the analytical integration over neutron resonances and the measured values in a neutron reactor-spectrum, which does not quite conform to the assumed 1/E neutron energy spectrum. The method used to determine the neutron resonance integral from measurement, using neutron activation analysis, will be discussed.
Is the notion of time really fundamental?
From the Physics point of view, time is now best described through General Relativity, as part of space-time which is a dynamical object encoding gravity. Time possesses also some intrinsic irreversibility due to thermodynamics, quantum mechanical effects... This irreversibility can look puzzling since time-like loops (and hence time machines) can appear in General Relativity (for example in the Goedel universe, a solution of Einstein's equations). We take this apparent discrepancy as a warning bell pointing to us that time as we understand it, might not be fundamental and that whatever theory, lying beyond General Relativity, may not include time as we know it as a fundamental structure. We propose therefore, following the philosophy of analog models of gravity, that time and gravity might not be fundamental per se, but only emergent features. We illustrate our proposal using a toy-model where we show how the Lorentzian signature and Nordstroem gravity (a diffeomorphisms invariant scalar gravity theory) can emerge from a timeless non-dynamical space.
Florian Girelli; Stefano Liberati; Lorenzo Sindoni
Much of our understanding of the atomic-scale magnetic structure and the dynamical properties of solids and liquids was gained from neutron-scattering studies. Elastic and inelastic neutron spectroscopy provided physicists with an unprecedented, detailed access to spin structures, magnetic-excitation spectra, soft-modes and critical dynamics at magnetic-phase transitions, which is unrivaled by other experimental techniques. Because the neutron has no electric charge, it is an ideal weakly interacting and highly penetrating probe of matter's inner structure and dynamics. Unlike techniques using photon electric fields or charged particles (e.g., electrons, muons) that significantly modify the local electronic environment, neutron spectroscopy allows determination of a material's intrinsic, unperturbed physical properties. The method is not sensitive to extraneous charges, electric fields, and the imperfection of surface layers. Because the neutron is a highly penetrating and non-destructive probe, neutron spectroscopy can probe the microscopic properties of bulk materials (not just their surface layers) and study samples embedded in complex environments, such as cryostats, magnets, and pressure cells, which are essential for understanding the physical origins of magnetic phenomena. Neutron scattering is arguably the most powerful and versatile experimental tool for studying the microscopic properties of the magnetic materials. The magnitude of the cross-section of the neutron magnetic scattering is similar to the cross-section of nuclear scattering by short-range nuclear forces, and is large enough to provide measurable scattering by the ordered magnetic structures and electron spin fluctuations. In the half-a-century or so that has passed since neutron beams with sufficient intensity for scattering applications became available with the advent of the nuclear reactors, they have became indispensable tools for studying a variety of important areas of modern science, ranging from large-scale structures and dynamics of polymers and biological systems, to electronic properties of today's technological materials. Neutron scattering developed into a vast field, encompassing many different experimental techniques aimed at exploring different aspects of matter's atomic structure and dynamics. Modern magnetic neutron scattering includes several specialized techniques designed for specific studies and/or particular classes of materials. Among these are magnetic reflectometry aimed at investigating surfaces, interfaces, and multilayers, small-angle scattering for the large-scale structures, such as a vortex lattice in a superconductor, and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy for glasses and polymers. Each of these techniques and many others offer exciting opportunities for examining magnetism and warrant extensive reviews, but the aim of this chapter is not to survey how different neutron-scattering methods are used to examine magnetic properties of different materials. Here, we concentrate on reviewing the basics of the magnetic neutron scattering, and on the recent developments in applying one of the oldest methods, the triple axis spectroscopy, that still is among the most extensively used ones. The developments discussed here are new and have not been coherently reviewed. Chapter 2 of this book reviews magnetic small-angle scattering, and modern techniques of neutron magnetic reflectometry are discussed in Chapter 3.
Argonne Chemical Sciences & Engineering - People - Fundamental Interactions
Fundamental Interactions Fundamental Interactions Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Linda Young, Argonne Distinguished Fellow and Group Leader phone: 630/252-8878, fax: 630/252-6210, e-mail: email@example.com Ph.D., Chemical Physics, University of California, Berkeley Ultrafast x-ray and laser science Strong-field control of x-ray processes Atomic and molecular behavior in strong-electromagnetic fields Precision measurements in atom traps Robert W. Dunford, Physicist phone: 630/252-4052, fax: 630/252-2864, email: email@example.com Ph.D., Physics, University of Michigan Experimental atomic physics Elliot Kanter, Physicist phone: 630/252-4050, fax: 630/252-2864, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Bertold Krässig, Physicist phone 630/252-9230, fax 630/252-6210, e-mail email@example.com Ph.D. / Dr. Rer. Nat., Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany
... for Neutron Reaction Rate Measurements, JA Grundl, V. Spiegel, CM Eisenhauer, HT Heaton II, DM Gilliam (NBS), and J. Bigelow (ORNL), Nucl. ...
Facility Representative Program: DOE Fundamentals Handbooks
Fundamentals Handbooks Fundamentals Handbooks Classical Physics (DOE-HDBK-1010-92) Volume 1 of 1 Electrical Science (DOE-HDBK-1011-92) Volume 1 of 4 Volume 2 of 4 Volume 3 of 4 Volume 4 of 4 Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow (DOE-HDBK-1012-92) Volume 1 of 3 Volume 2 of 3 Volume 3 of 3 Instrumentation and Control (DOE-HDBK-1013-92) Volume 1 of 2 Volume 2 of 2 Mathematics (DOE-HDBK-1014-92) Volume 1 of 2 Volume 2 of 2 Chemistry (DOE-HDBK-1015-93) Volume 1 of 2 Volume 2 of 2 Engineering Symbology, Prints and Drawings (DOE-HDBK-1016-93) Volume 1 of 2 Volume 2 of 2 Material Science (DOE-HDBK-1017-93) Volume 1 of 2 Volume 2 of 2 Mechanical Science (DOE-HDBK-1018-93) Volume 1 of 2 Volume 2 of 2 Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory (DOE-HDBK-1019-93) Volume 1 of 2
Spallation Neutron Source The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)
F/gim F/gim Spallation Neutron Source The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) gives researchers more detailed informa- tion on the structure and dynamics of physical and biological materials than ever before possible. This accelerator- based facility provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world. Scien- tists are able to count scattered neutrons, measure their energies and the angles at which they scatter, and map their final positions. SNS enables measurements of greater sensitivity, higher speed, higher resolution, and in more complex sample environments than have been possible at existing neutron facilities. Future Growth SNS was designed from the outset to accommodate a second target station, effectively doubling the capacity of the
New technical solution for using the time-of-flight technique to measure neutron spectra
-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia Pilot innovative facility for neutron capture. Conclusion At Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics the first experiments on generation of neutrons for BNCT772 RESULTS OF FIRST EXPERIMENTS ON NEUTRON GENERATION IN THE VITA NEUTRON SOURCE B. F. Bayanov1
NIST Fundamental Constants Bibliographic Search
Neutronic reactor
A safety rod for a nuclear reactor has an inner end portion having a gamma absorption coefficient and neutron capture cross section approximately equal to those of the adjacent shield, a central portion containing materials of high neutron capture cross section and an outer end portion having a gamma absorption coefficient at least equal to that of the adjacent shield.
Wende, Charles W. J. (West Chester, PA)
Physics Based on Physical Monism
Based on a physical monism, which holds that the matter and space are classified by not a difference of their kind but a difference of magnitude of their density, I derive the most fundamental equation of motion, which is capable of providing a deeper physical understanding than the known physics. For example, this equation answers to the substantive reason of movement, and Newton's second law, which has been regarded as the definition of force, is derived in a substantive level from this equation. Further, the relativistic energy-mass formula is generalized to include the potential energy term, and the Lorentz force and Maxwell equations are newly derived.
Seong-Dong Kim
Neutron source
A neutron source which is particularly useful for neutron radiography consists of a vessel containing a moderating media of relatively low moderating ratio, a flux trap including a moderating media of relatively high moderating ratio at the center of the vessel, a shell of depleted uranium dioxide surrounding the moderating media of relatively high moderating ratio, a plurality of guide tubes each containing a movable source of neutrons surrounding the flux trap, a neutron shield surrounding one part of each guide tube, and at least one collimator extending from the flux trap to the exterior of the neutron source. The shell of depleted uranium dioxide has a window provided with depleted uranium dioxide shutters for each collimator. Reflectors are provided above and below the flux trap and on the guide tubes away from the flux trap.
Cason, J.L. Jr.; Shaw, C.B.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 582 (2007) 629637 Monte Carlo and analytical models of neutron detection with organic
unfolding, which have a variety of applications, including nuclear nonproliferation and homeland security materials in applications such as nuclear nonproliferation, homeland security, and basic physics research
Fundamental decoherence in quantum gravity
A recently introduced discrete formalism allows to solve the problem of time in quantum gravity in a relational manner. Quantum mechanics formulated with a relational time is not exactly unitary and implies a fundamental mechanism for decoherence of quantum states. The mechanism is strong enough to render the black hole information puzzle unobservable.
Rodolfo Gambini; Rafael Porto; Jorge Pullin
Thermal neutron detection system
According to the present invention, a system for measuring a thermal neutron emission from a neutron source, has a reflector/moderator proximate the neutron source that reflects and moderates neutrons from the neutron source. The reflector/moderator further directs thermal neutrons toward an unmoderated thermal neutron detector.
Peurrung, Anthony J. (Richland, WA); Stromswold, David C. (West Richland, WA)
Slow neutron detection without 3He: far ultraviolet noble-gas-excimer radiation
that lowest end, often referred to as fast-neutron physics, falls outside the announced interests of NSSA have on neutron studies generally and on physics generally. Will it encourage formation of other spin-off groups promoting their special inter- ests--for example, an American So- ciety for Fast-Neutron Physics
Variation of fundamental constants: theory and observations
Review of recent works devoted to the variation of the fundamental constants is presented including atomic clocks, quasar absorption spectra, and Oklo natural nuclear reactor data. Assuming linear variation with time we can compare different results. From the quasar absorption spectra: $\\dot{\\mu}/\\mu=(1 \\pm 3) \\times 10^{-16}$ yr$^{-1}$. A combination of this result and the atomic clock results gives the best limt on variation of $\\alpha$: $\\dot{\\alpha}/\\alpha=(-0.8 \\pm 0.8) \\times 10^{-16}$ yr$^{-1}$. The Oklo natural reactor gives the best limit on the variation of $m_s/\\Lambda_{QCD}$ where $m_s$ is the strange quark mass. Huge enhancement of the relative variation effects happens in transitions between close atomic, molecular and nuclear energy levels. We suggest several new cases where the levels are very narrow. Large enhancement of the variation effects is also possible in cold atomic and molecular collisions near Feshbach resonance. Massive bodies (stars or galaxies) can also affect physical constants. They have large scalar charge $S$ proportional to number of particles which produces a Coulomb-like scalar field $U=S/r$. This leads to a variation of the fundamental constants proportional to the gravitational potential, e.g. $\\delta \\alpha/ \\alpha = k_\\alpha \\delta (GM/ r c^2)$. We compare different manifestations of this effect.The strongest limit $k_\\alpha +0.17 k_e= (-3.5\\pm 6) \\times 10^{-7}$.
A nuclear reactor is described wherein horizontal rods of thermal- neutron-fissionable material are disposed in a body of heavy water and extend through and are supported by spaced parallel walls of graphite.
Wigner, E.P.
Research Highlights | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron/Proton Capture Neutron/Proton Capture Beam Line 13 Fuels Discovery Fever for Fundamental Physicists Research Contact: Geoff Greene June 2011, Written by Agatha Bardoel Serpil Kucuker Dogan (left) and Matthew Musgrave prepare a helium-3 cooling cell that is used to measure the angle at which the neutron beam strikes the liquid hydrogen sample. The simplest, most sensible " Big Bang" universe, theoretical physicists believe, would be one in which equal numbers of particles and antiparticles are formed in pairs. As the universe cools, most of these particles would encounter their antiparticles, and they would annihilate. "In many ways, the most reasonable universe would be one in which there is no matter," says the University of Tennessee's Dr. Geoff Greene.
Cyclotrons to Make Neutrons & Radioactive Targets for SBSS at...
to Make Neutrons & Radioactive Targets for SBSS at LBNL Nuclear Physics (NP) NP Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of NP Spinoff Applications...
Neutron Detectors for Detection of Nuclear Materials at LANL...
Neutron Detectors for Detection of Nuclear Materials at LANL Nuclear Physics (NP) NP Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of NP Spinoff Applications Spinoff...
A neutronic reactor in which neutron moderation is achieved primarily in its reflector is described. The reactor structure consists of a cylindrical central "island" of moderator and a spherical moderating reflector spaced therefrom, thereby providing an annular space. An essentially unmoderated liquid fuel is continuously passed through the annular space and undergoes fission while contained therein. The reactor, because of its small size, is particularly adapted for propulsion uses, including the propulsion of aircraft. (AEC)
Fraas, A.P.; Mills, C.B.
A neutron source is obtained without employing any separate beryllia receptacle, as was formerly required. The new method is safer and faster, and affords a source with both improved yield and symmetry of neutron emission. A Be container is used to hold and react with Pu. This container has a thin isolating layer that does not obstruct the desired Pu--Be reaction and obviates procedures previously employed to disassemble and remove a beryllia receptacle. (AEC)
Richmond, J.L.; Wells, C.E.
NIST Fundamental Constants Data Center 1998 - FCDC
Fundamental Constants Data Center. Technical Highlights. NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. This is ...
NIST Experiments Challenge Fundamental Understanding of ...
NIST Experiments Challenge Fundamental Understanding of Electromagnetism. From NIST Tech Beat: November 27, 2012. ...
NIST Fundamental Constants Data Center 1994 - FCDC
Fundamental Constants Data Center. Technical Highlights. Measurement Uncertainty - 1994 Edition of NIST TN 1297. In ...
Disclaimer concerning the fundamental constants database
... Uncertainty Constants, Units & Uncertainty home page. Disclaimer concerning the fundamental constants database The ...
NIST Engineers Discover Fundamental Flaw in Transistor ...
NIST Engineers Discover Fundamental Flaw in Transistor Noise Theory. For Immediate Release: May 20, 2009. ...
Physics 302 Laboratory Syllabus
fundamental measuring instruments b)Compute the value of physical quantities not directly measurable from measurements taken of fundamental quantities. c) Use the PC to construct graphs and perform statistical for some. Write reports and essays Each student must read the Student Handbook and Catalog for specific
Noakes, David R.
Neutron range spectrometer
A neutron range spectrometer and method for determining the neutron energy spectrum of a neutron emitting source are disclosed. Neutrons from the source are colliminated along a collimation axis and a position sensitive neutron counter is disposed in the path of the collimated neutron beam. The counter determines positions along the collimation axis of interactions between the neutrons in the neutron beam and a neutron-absorbing material in the counter. From the interaction positions, a computer analyzes the data and determines the neutron energy spectrum of the neutron beam. The counter is preferably shielded and a suitable neutron-absorbing material is He-3. 1 fig.
Manglos, S.H.
ORNL Neutron Sciences
ORNL's Neutron Science Future: Integrating Neutron Scattering Across the Laboratory Greg Smith, HFIR Center for Neutron Scattering Upgrade Status and Scientific Opportunities...
A nuclear reactor for isotope production is described. This reactor is designed to provide a maximum thermal neutron flux in a region adjacent to the periphery of the reactor rather than in the center of the reactor. The core of the reactor is generally centrally located with respect tn a surrounding first reflector, constructed of beryllium. The beryllium reflector is surrounded by a second reflector, constructed of graphite, which, in tune, is surrounded by a conventional thermal shield. Water is circulated through the core and the reflector and functions both as a moderator and a coolant. In order to produce a greatsr maximum thermal neutron flux adjacent to the periphery of the reactor rather than in the core, the reactor is designed so tbat the ratio of neutron scattering cross section to neutron absorption cross section averaged over all of the materials in the reflector is approximately twice the ratio of neutron scattering cross section to neutron absorption cross section averaged over all of the material of the core of the reactor.
Review of Particle Physics
on High-Energy Physics, Tbilisi 1976 ; J.D. Bjorken, Phys.Fundamental Research TBIL Tbilisi State University TELA Tel-Fukushima, Japan Genova, Italy Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia
Nakamura, Kenzo
Modulating the Neutron Flux from a Mirror Neutron Source
A 14-MeV neutron source based on a Gas-Dynamic Trap will provide a high flux of 14 MeV neutrons for fusion materials and sub-component testing. In addition to its main goal, the source has potential applications in condensed matter physics and biophysics. In this report, the author considers adding one more capability to the GDT-based neutron source, the modulation of the neutron flux with a desired frequency. The modulation may be an enabling tool for the assessment of the role of non-steady-state effects in fusion devices as well as for high-precision, low-signal basic science experiments favoring the use of the synchronous detection technique. A conclusion is drawn that modulation frequency of up to 1 kHz and modulation amplitude of a few percent is achievable. Limitations on the amplitude of modulations at higher frequencies are discussed.
Ryutov, D D
Optimization of the target of an accelerator-driven neutron source through Monte Carlo numerical simulation of neutron and gamma transport by the
intense neutron beams for research on the structure and dynamics of materials in fields such as physics07-G00050D/gim SpallationNeutronSource SNS is an accelerator-based neutron source. This one-of-a-kind facility pro- vides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world. When ramped up to its full beam
Spallation-Driven Cold Neutron Sources Dr. Bradley J. Micklich
, et al. "Direct observation of fermion spin superposition by neutron interferometry," Physical ReviewNeutron Interferometry with Polarized Spin States Frank Rioux Department of Chemistry CSB|SJU The following paragraph appears in an encyclopedia entry on neutron optics.(1) A description of the original
McDonald, Kirk
Neutron Scattering Society of America Purpose and New Initiatives
's personal copy Dosimetry and spectrometry at accelerator based neutron source for boron neutron capture Institute of Nuclear Physics, 11 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia Federation a r t i c l e i n f Keywords: Epithermal neutrons Accelerator Time-of-flight technique a b s t r a c t An innovative
Research on fusion neutron sources
The use of fusion devices as powerful neutron sources has been discussed for decades. Whereas the successful route to a commercial fusion power reactor demands steady state stable operation combined with the high efficiency required to make electricity production economic, the alternative approach to advancing the use of fusion is free of many of complications connected with the requirements for economic power generation and uses the already achieved knowledge of Fusion physics and developed Fusion technologies. 'Fusion for Neutrons' (F4N), has now been re-visited, inspired by recent progress achieved on comparably compact fusion devices, based on the Spherical Tokamak (ST) concept. Freed from the requirement to produce much more electricity than used to drive it, a fusion neutron source could be efficiently used for many commercial applications, and also to support the goal of producing energy by nuclear power. The possibility to use a small or medium size ST as a powerful or intense steady-state fusion neutron source (FNS) is discussed in this paper in comparison with the use of traditional high aspect ratio tokamaks. An overview of various conceptual designs of compact fusion neutron sources based on the ST concept is given and they are compared with a recently proposed Super Compact Fusion Neutron Source (SCFNS), with major radius as low as 0.5 metres but still able to produce several MW of neutrons in a steady-state regime.
Gryaznevich, M. P. [Tokamak Solutions UK, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OXON, OX133DB (United Kingdom)
Fundamentals of horizontal well completions
Oil and gas wells are drilled horizontally for a variety of reasons, chiefly to improve production without drilling multiple vertical wells and to prevent water or gas coning. Benefits of horizontal drilling are well documented. This article addresses the fundamentals of completing a horizontal well, discussing completion by (1) open hole, (2) casing packers, (3) slotted or perforated liner, and (4) cemented casing/liner. Completion methods 1 through 3 are generally known as ''drain hole'' completions, and method 4 is commonly called the ''case hole'' or ''stimulated'' completion.
Austin, C.; Zimmerman, C.; Sullaway, B.; Sabins, F.
Simulated liquid argon interactions with neutrons
The GEANT4 physics simulation program is known to have errors in how hadronic interactions are implemented. This has the potential to cause errors in the Monte Carlos used to determine the expected neutron backgrounds in ...
Harrington, Kathleen M
Dr. Yuri B. Melnichenko | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Scientist: General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Spectrometer (CG-2GP-SANS), HFIR Senior Research Staff Education PhD in Polymer Physics, Institute for Macromolecular...
The 1986 adjustment of the fundamental physical constants
... The second algorithm, ELS2, replaces the ansatz given above by the more complete sum 0.; =a;s; +gb,jkr~rk, and from this obtains the surprisingly ...
Argonne Chemical Sciences & Engineering - Fundamental Interactions - Solar
Solar Conversion Solar Conversion * Members * Contact * Publications * Overview * Photosynthesis and Solar Fuel Hybrids * Light Induced Energy and Electron Transfer Processes * Analyses of Solar Fuels Assemblies * Redox Protein Hybrid Architectures Fundamental Interactions Home Solar Conversion The goal of this program is to identify the mechanisms responsible for optimization of photochemical energy conversion in natural photosynthesis, and to use this information for the development of artificial photochemical systems with enhanced photochemical energy conversion. Learn from Nature - build with chemistry. Strategic Focus: Fundamental structural studies and physical characterization Solar energy conversion in natural and artificial photosynthesis Comparative approach
Fundamental Studies of Diffusion and Reactions in Hydrogen Storage Materials
Fundamental Science ofEnergy 010 "Fundamental studies of diffusion and reactionsInstitute's (UCEI) Fundamental Science of Energy Working
Van de Walle, Chris G; Peles, Amra; Janotti, Anderson; Wilson-Short, Gareth
NIST Physics Lab: Tech. Activities 2001 - Introduction
... For example, the Ionizing Radiation Division is now working with Exxon at the NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility to use the Physics Laboratory's ...
Neutron Repulsion
Earth is connected gravitationally, magnetically and electrically to its heat source - a neutron star that is obscured from view by waste products in the photosphere. Neutron repulsion is like the hot filament in an incandescent light bulb. Excited neutrons are emitted from the solar core and decay into hydrogen that glows in the photosphere like a frosted light bulb. Neutron repulsion was recognized in nuclear rest mass data in 2000 as the overlooked source of energy, the keystone of an arch that locked together these puzzling space-age observations: 1.) Excess 136Xe accompanied primordial helium in the stellar debris that formed the solar system (Fig. 1); 2.) The Sun formed on the supernova core (Fig. 2); 3.) Waste products from the core pass through an iron-rich mantle, selectively carrying lighter elements and lighter isotopes of each element into the photosphere (Figs. 3-4); and 4.) Neutron repulsion powers the Sun and sustains life (Figs. 5-7). Together these findings offer a framework for understanding how: a.) The Sun generates and releases neutrinos, energy and solar-wind hydrogen and helium; b.) An inhabitable planet formed and life evolved around an ordinary-looking star; c.) Continuous climate change - induced by cyclic changes in gravitational interactions of the Sun's energetic core with planets - has favored survival by adaptation.
Oliver K. Manuel
Cold Neutron and Ultracold Neutron Sources
... Moderators � Solid Methane � CH 4 � CD 4 ... In a cold neutron flux with a continuous spectrum, more neutrons could ... Magneto-vibrational Scatt. + ...
Chapter 13 - NEUTRON AREA DETECTORS 1. NEUTRON ...
... The neutron peak corresponds to both reaction products being entirely absorbed in the ... 6. A fission chamber is a very low efficiency neutron detector ...
Relativistic shocks in electron-positron plasmas, and polar cap accretion onto neutron stars: Two non-linear problems in astrophysical plasma physics
I outline particle simulations and theory of relativistic shock waves in an e/sup +-/ plasma. Magnetic reflection of particles is an essential role in the shock structure. Instability of the reflected particles in the shock front produces intense extraordinary mode radiation. Such shocks are candidates for the particle accelerator in plerions and in extragalactic jets only if the upstream Poynting flux composes no more than 10% of the total. I summarize analytical and numerical studies of radiation dominated accretion onto the magnetic poles of neutron stars. The upper limit to the photon luminosity depends upon magnetic confinement, not upon the dragging of photons into the star. Numerical solutions show the plasma forms large scale ''photon bubbles.'' I suggest the percolative loss of radiation controls the pressure and therefore the limits of magnetic confinement. Loss of magnetic confinement through resistive interchange instability is suggested as a means of generating TeV to PeV voltage drops along the magnetic field. 34 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Arons, J.
A nuclear reactor which uses uranium in the form of elongated tubes as fuel elements and liquid as a coolant is described. Elongated tubular uranium bodies are vertically disposed in an efficient neutron slowing agent, such as graphite, for example, to form a lattice structure which is disposed between upper and lower coolant tanks. Fluid coolant tubes extend through the uranium bodies and communicate with the upper and lower tanks and serve to convey the coolant through the uranium body. The reactor is also provided with means for circulating the cooling fluid through the coolant tanks and coolant tubes, suitable neutron and gnmma ray shields, and control means.
Wigner, E.P.; Weinberg, A.W.; Young, G.J.
From Fundamentals to Nanoscale Dynamics
This text book gives a comprehensive account of magnetism, one of the oldest yet most vibrant fields of physics. It spans the historical development, the physical foundations and the continuing research underlying the subject. The book covers both the classical and quantum mechanical aspects of magnetism and novel experimental techniques. Perhaps uniquely, it discusses spin transport and magnetization dynamics phenomena associated with atomically and spin engineered nano-structures against the backdrop of spintronics and magnetic storage and memory applications. The book is for students, and serves as a reference for scientists in academia and research laboratories.
Stohr, J.; Siegmann, H.C.
Sixty Years of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1945-2005 (The Role of Young Men in the Creation and Development of this Institute)
interests were in solid-state physics, reactor physics and multi- particle production in nuclear of Mathematics (>1973) continuing 2. Theoretical Physics: Particle Physics, Nuclear physics, Solid State Theory to fundamental research, especially in the newest branches of physics, namely, nuclear physics and high energy
Udgaonkar, Jayant B.
Dr. Georg Ehlers - ORNL Neutron Sciences
Georg Ehlers Georg Ehlers Lead Instrument Scientist: Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS), SNS Education PhD in Experimental Condensed Matter Physics, the Hahn Meitner Institut, in Berlin, Germany Description of Research Dr. Ehlers joined the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in 2003 as the lead instrument scientist for beam line 5, the Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS). CNCS is a high-resolution, direct geometry, cold neutron, inelastic multi-chopper spectrometer, designed to make use of neutrons with an energy of <50 meV. Before joining the SNS, Dr. Ehlers worked at the Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL), a leading European neutron research facility situated in Grenoble, France for six years. At the ILL, he was instrument-responsible for the spin-echo spectrometers IN11 and IN15, and established a strong research
A system for fast neutron radiography
A system has been designed and a neutron generator installed to perform fast neutron radiography. With this sytem, objects as small as a coin or as large as a waste drum can be radiographed. The neutron source is an MF Physics A-711 neutron generator which produces 3x10{sup 10} neutrons/second with an average energy of 14.5 MeV. The radiography system uses x-ray scintillation screens and film in commercially available cassettes. The cassettes have been modified to include a thin sheet of plastic to convert neutrons to protons through elastic scattering from hydrogen and other low Z materials in the plastic. For film densities from 1.8 to 3.0, exposures range from 1.9x10{sup 7} to 3.8x10{sup 8} n/cm{sup 2} depending on the type of screen and film.
Klann, R.T.
Cold neutrons trapped in external fields
The properties of inhomogeneous neutron matter are crucial to the physics of neutron-rich nuclei and the crust of neutron stars. Advances in computational techniques now allow us to accurately determine the binding energies and densities of many neutrons interacting via realistic microscopic interactions and confined in external fields. We perform calculations for different external fields and across several shells to place important constraints on inhomogeneous neutron matter, and hence the large isospin limit of the nuclear energy density functionals that are used to predict properties of heavy nuclei and neutron star crusts. We find important differences between microscopic calculations and current density functionals; in particular the isovector gradient terms are significantly more repulsive than in traditional models, and the spin-orbit and pairing forces are comparatively weaker.
S. Gandolfi; J. Carlson; Steven C. Pieper
NIST Standard Reference Database Journal of Physical and ...
... If you have any questions regarding this ... recommended values of the fundamental physical constants ... Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data ...
"Doublet", Neutron and Neutron stars --- An essay on Landau and Neutron stars
The concept of extremely dense matter at supra-nuclear density was first speculated by L. Landau in the beginning of 1930s when neutron was just discovered. A historical review on these issues not only explains the interaction between micro and cosmic physics, but also has profound implications for scientific innovation. It is surely meaningful in realistic physics education to look back to this history. (The review was published in Chinese.)
Renxin Xu
NIST Fundamental Constants Data Center 1997 - FCDC
Fundamental Constants Data Center. Technical Highlights. New ANSI Standard: US GUM. The ISO Guide to the Expression ...
A Study of the Fundamental Relationships between ...
Page 1. A Study of the Fundamental Relationships between Deformation- Induced Surface Roughness and Strain Localization in AA5754 ...
Fundamental Constants Data Center. Technical Highlights. Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty. In 1991, the FCDC, in ...
FUNDAMENTALS OF GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES: Session VI: Microstructure/Property Relationships--Creep and Environmental Effects. Sponsored by:�...
Fundamentals of Fatigue and Corrosion Fatigue
...to be responsible for SCC (see the section �??Fundamentals of Stress-Corrosion Cracking�?� in this article),
FUNDAMENTALS OF GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES: Session IV: Microstructure/Property Relationships--Strength, Plasticity, and Toughness. Sponsored by:�...
FUNDAMENTALS OF GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES: Session III: Processing, Microstructure and Properties. Sponsored by: MSD Flow & Fracture and Phase�...
FUNDAMENTALS OF GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES: Session V: Microstructure/Property Relationships--Fatigue, Fracture, and Damage Modeling.
The design of control rods for nuclear reactors are described. In this design the control rod consists essentially of an elongated member constructed in part of a neutron absorbing material and having tube means extending therethrough for conducting a liquid to cool the rod when in use.
Anderson, H.L.
The Noncommutative Geometry Generalization of Fundamental Group.
A notion of fundamental group of spectral triples has been introduced. The notion uses a noncommutative analogue of unramified coverings. It was shown that in commutative case this fundamental group is a profinite completion of fundamental group of corresponding Riemann manifold.
Petr R. Ivankov; Nickolay P. Ivankov
Methods for absorbing neutrons
A conduction cooled neutron absorber may include a metal matrix composite that comprises a metal having a thermal neutron cross-section of at least about 50 barns and a metal having a thermal conductivity of at least about 1 W/cmK. Apparatus for providing a neutron flux having a high fast-to-thermal neutron ratio may include a source of neutrons that produces fast neutrons and thermal neutrons. A neutron absorber positioned adjacent the neutron source absorbs at least some of the thermal neutrons so that a region adjacent the neutron absorber has a fast-to-thermal neutron ratio of at least about 15. A coolant in thermal contact with the neutron absorber removes heat from the neutron absorber.
Guillen, Donna P. (Idaho Falls, ID); Longhurst, Glen R. (Idaho Falls, ID); Porter, Douglas L. (Idaho Falls, ID); Parry, James R. (Idaho Falls, ID)
BINP accelerator based epithermal neutron source V. Aleynik a
medical physics to Homeland security. Summary: Neutrons are a powerful tool for the identificationImaging Technique for a Neutron Based Elemental Analysis Interrogation System D. S. Koltick* and I. S. Novikov Purdue University, Physics Department and Center for Sensing Science and Technology 525
Neutron Interferometry with Polarized Spin States Frank Rioux
assistance. #12;U N C O R R EC TED PR O O F A neutron producing target for BINP accelerator-based neutron,�? a Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lavreniev ave., 11, Novosibirsk, Russia b All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics, Vasiliev str., 13, Snezhinsk, Russia c Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov
Rioux, Frank
Features of MCNP6 Relevant to Medical Radiation Physics
MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle) is a general-purpose Monte Carlo code for simulating the transport of neutrons, photons, electrons, positrons, and more recently other fundamental particles and heavy ions. Over many years MCNP has found a wide range of applications in many different fields, including medical radiation physics. In this presentation we will describe and illustrate a number of significant recently-developed features in the current version of the code, MCNP6, having particular utility for medical physics. Among these are major extensions of the ability to simulate large, complex geometries, improvement in memory requirements and speed for large lattices, introduction of mesh-based isotopic reaction tallies, advances in radiography simulation, expanded variance-reduction capabilities, especially for pulse-height tallies, and a large number of enhancements in photon/electron transport.
Hughes, H. Grady III [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Goorley, John T. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Materials Science and Technology Division - Physical Sciences Directorate -
TFN TFN For the Public Visiting ORNL For Researchers Profiles Group Leader Staff Members For Industry Core Compentencies Our People Group Leader, Staff Members Find People Energy Frontier Research Center Center for Defect Physics (EFRC) User Facilities High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML) Shared Research Equipment User Facility (ShaRE) Related User Facilities Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Seminars and Announcements MSTD Internal Recent News & Features News Releases Archive | Features Archive PSD Directorate › MST Division › Thin Films and Nanostructures Group Complex oxide thin films and heterostructures are important for not only fundamental physics, but also a wide range of exciting opportunities in
Neutron reflecting supermirror structure
An improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure comprising a plurality of stacked sets of bilayers of neutron reflecting materials. The improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure is adapted to provide extremely good performance at high incidence angles, i.e. up to four time the critical angle of standard neutron mirror structures. The reflection of neutrons striking the supermirror structure at a high critical angle provides enhanced neutron throughput, and hence more efficient and economical use of neutron sources.
Wood, James L. (Drayton Plains, MI)
An improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure comprising a plurality of stacked sets of bilayers of neutron reflecting materials. The improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure is adapted to provide extremely good performance at high incidence angles, i.e. up to four time the critical angle of standard neutron mirror structures. The reflection of neutrons striking the supermirror structure at a high critical angle provides enhanced neutron throughput, and hence more efficient and economical use of neutron sources. 2 figs.
Wood, J.L.
Neutron Interferometry: Lessons in Experimental Quantum Mechanics Helmut Rauch and Samuel A. Werner
University Of Richmond - Department of Physics Software We simulated the neutron detection efficiency physics program. Specifically, we are simulating the neutron detection efficiency of the forward TOFSimulating the Neutron Detection Efficiency of the CLAS12 Detector M. Moog and G. Gilfoyle
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Selected Aspects of Neutron Decay
Precision measurements of neutron decay offer complementary access to particle physics at small distance scales or high energies. In particular they allow tests of the V-A structure of the weak interaction. Among many experimental activities which are ongoing around the world we present two new experiments which are planned or studied for the near future. While the neutron lifetime still bears significant experimental uncertainties and thus has to be studied with greatest precision the two-body decay ($n\\to H\\bar\
Stephan Paul
Physics Folklore
Physics Folklore Physics Folklore By Lynne Zielinski       Sometime after World War II physicists began to change their way of giving names to theoretical ideas. Before then, new ideas were given titles such as "special relativity theory" or "neutrons." A precursor of the new kinds of names came in 1953 when Murray Gell-Mann and Kazuhiko Hishijima decided to name one of the properties of subatomic particles "strangeness." Gell-Mann accelerated the trend in 1961 by calling his group-theoretic way of explaining the properties of particles "The Eightfold Way." Gell-Mann's crazy names finally reached the consciousness of the general public in 1964 when he described the particles involved in the next stage of his thinking as "quarks." p. 508, source B
Neutron Scattering Facilities 1982
NEUTRON SOURCES NEUTRON SOURCES Types of Sources U.S. Sources Available for Users Plans for the Future The Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA) SNS/ANL School on Neutron and x-Ray Scattering, June 2011 Jim Rhyne Lujan Neutron Scattering Center Los Alamos National Lab. What do we need to do neutron scattering? * Neutron Source - produces neutrons * Diffractometer or Spectrometer - Allows neutrons to interact with sample - Sorts out discrete wavelengths by monochromator (reactor) or by time of flight (pulse source) - Detectors pick up neutrons scattered from sample * Analysis methods to determine material properties * Brain power to interpret results Sources of neutrons for scattering * Nuclear Reactor - Neutrons produced from fission of 235 U - Fission spectrum neutrons
Ultrasonics: Fundamentals, Technologies, and Applications
This is a new edition of a bestselling industry reference. Discusses the science, technology, and applications of low and high power ultrasonics, including industrial implementations and medical uses. Reviews the basic equations of acoustics, starting from basic wave equations and their applications. New material on property determination, inspection of metals (NDT) and non-metals, imaging, process monitoring and control. Expanded discussion of transducers, transducer wave-fields, scattering, attenuation and measurement systems and models. New material that discusses high power ultrasonics - in particular using mechanical effects and sonochemistry, including applications to nano-materials. Examines diagnosis, therapy, and surgery from a technology and medical physics perspective.
Ensminger, Dale; Bond, Leonard J.
Review of recent works devoted to the variation of the fundamental constants is presented including atomic clocks, quasar absorption spectra, and Oklo natural nuclear reactor data. Assuming linear variation with time we can compare different results. From the quasar absorption spectra: $\\dot{\\mu}/\\mu=(1 \\pm 3) \\times 10^{-16}$ yr$^{-1}$. A combination of this result and the atomic clock results gives the best limt on variation of $\\alpha$: $\\dot{\\alpha}/\\alpha=(-0.8 \\pm 0.8) \\times 10^{-16}$ yr$^{-1}$. The Oklo natural reactor gives the best limit on the variation of $m_s/\\Lambda_{QCD}$ where $m_s$ is the strange quark mass. Huge enhancement of the relative variation effects happens in transitions between close atomic, molecular and nuclear energy levels. We suggest several new cases where the levels are very narrow. Large enhancement of the variation effects is also possible in cold atomic and molecular collisions near Feshbach resonance. Massive bodies (stars or galaxies) can also affect physical constants....
Flambaum, V V
Fast Proton Hopping in Ice Fast Proton Hopping in Ice Fast Proton Hopping in Ice (Ih) Confirmed by Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering "With these results, we have an experimental proof of fast proton hopping in ice," researcher says Research Contact: Alexander Kolesnikov June 2011, Written by Agatha Bardoel Protons (positive hydrogen ions) in an ice lattice have been "seen" to fast hop from one water molecule to another, using quasi-elastic neutron scattering at the SNS Backscattering Spectrometer, BASIS. This fundamental phenomenon that occurs at very low temperatures has important consequences for future investigations of proton conductivity in solids. The research could open the door to a new understanding of how electrolytes work in a system. Proton hopping in ice occurs when "extra" protons diffuse through
Lighting fundamentals handbook: Lighting fundamentals and principles for utility personnel
Lighting accounts for approximately 30% of overall electricity use and demand in commercial buildings. This handbook for utility personnel provides a source of basic information on lighting principles, lighting equipment, and other considerations related to lighting design. The handbook is divided into three parts. Part One, Physics of Light, has chapters on light, vision, optics, and photometry. Part Two, Lighting Equipment and Technology, focuses on lamps, luminaires, and lighting controls. Part Three, Lighting Design Decisions, deals with the manner in which lighting design decisions are made and reviews relevant methods and issues. These include the quantity and quality of light needed for visual tasks, calculation methods for verifying that lighting needs are satisfied, lighting economics and methods for evaluating investments in efficient lighting systems, and miscellaneous design issues including energy codes, power quality, photobiology, and disposal of lighting equipment. The handbook contains a discussion of the role of the utility in promoting the use of energy-efficient lighting. The handbook also includes a lighting glossary and a list of references for additional information. This convenient and comprehensive handbook is designed to enable utility lighting personnel to assist their customers in developing high-quality, energy-efficient lighting systems. The handbook is not intended to be an up-to-date reference on lighting products and equipment.
Eley, C.; Tolen, T. (Eley (Charles) Associates, San Francisco, CA (United States)); Benya, J.R. (Luminae Souter Lighting Design, San Francisco, CA (United States))
Fundamental & Applied Bioenergy | Clean Energy | ORNL
a new generation of efficient bioenergy strategies that will reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil and help curb carbon emissions. Fundamental and applied bioenergy research at...
Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition, Second Edition - TMS
Jul 25, 2007 ... Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition, 2nd Edition by Milan Paunovic and Mordechay Schlesinger provides a ... This is not a handbook.
PNNL: Computational Sciences & Mathematics - Fundamental and...
(CM4) Northwest Institute for Advanced Computing Seminar Series Frontiers in Computational and Information Sciences Lecture Series Fundamental & Computational Sciences Home...
PNNL: Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate - Atmospheric...
and complete data to another process without synchronization. Fundamental & Computational Sciences Home About Us Research Highlights Search for Staff Publications & Journal...
Fundamentals in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals
Presentation Title, Fundamentals in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Metals. Author(s), Xinjin Cao, Yinan Zhang, Priti Wanjara, Mamoun Medraj. On-Site Speaker�...
Facility Representative Program: Nuclear Safety Basis Fundamentals...
Qualification Information Qualification Standards DOE Order Self-Study Modules DOE Fundamentals Handbooks Nuclear Safety Basis Self-Study Guide Energy Online Courses Available...
"Fundamental Challenges in Solar Energy Conversion" workshop...
Fundamental Challenges in Solar Energy Conversion" workshop hosted by LMI-EFRC Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) EFRCs Home Centers Research Science Highlights News & Events...
Materials Tribology: Fundamentals, Applications and Solutions
Thomas W. Scharf, University of North Texas. Scope, This symposium seeks to address the fundamental materials issues governing adhesion, friction and wear
Materials Processing Fundamentals - Programmaster.org
Justin Mandel Crapps, ExxonMobil. Scope, The key interest areas to be covered in this symposium are all aspects of the fundamentals, synthesis, analysis,�...
Metal Micromachining Program - Fundamental Science - Sandia National...
> Fundamental Science Microsystems Home Custom Microsystems Solutions Microsystems R&D Services Capabilities and Technologies Facilities Trusted Microsystems General Info About Us...
Neutron Cross Section Measurements at the Spallation Neutron Source
With the prospect of construction of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL, and the fantastic high neutron flux, new, up to now impossible, experiments seem to be feasible in the fields of applied nuclear physics and astrophysics. These experiments will supply crucial neutron-induced cross section data for radionuclides, which are badly needed by many applied physics programs. The SNS will be uniquely suited for measuring the cross sections of interest to nuclear criticality safety, accelerator transmutation of nuclear waste (ATW), and heavy element nucleosynthesis for astrophysics. Because the sample sizes required at current facilities are usually too large for practical measurements, scarce information of these cross sections is available. Using the high neutron flux at the SNS will allow these measurements to be made with samples about 40 times smaller than at the next best facility. The large reduction in sample size at the SNS will result in orders of magnitude reduction in background from the radioactive samples and make them much easier to produce; hence, a much wider range of samples will be accessible for measurement at the SNS than at any other facility.
Guber, K.H.
Gravitational field energy contribution to the neutron star mass
Neutron stars are discussed as laboratories of physics of strong gravitational fields. The mass of a neutron star is split into matter energy and gravitational field energy contributions. The energy of the gravitational field of neutron stars is calculated with three different approaches which give the same result. It is found that up to one half of the gravitational mass of maximum mass neutron stars is comprised by the gravitational field energy. Results are shown for a number of realistic equations of state of neutron star matter.
M. Dyrda; B. Kinasiewicz; M. Kutschera; A. Szmaglinski
Contact ORNL Neutron Sciences
Sciences Organization Charts Neutron Sciences Directorate Associate Laboratory Director for Neutron Sciences, Kelly Beierschmitt Biology and Soft Matter Division Director, Paul...
A Double-Pulsar System - A Rare Laboratory for Relativistic Gravity and Plasma Physics
The clock-like properties of pulsars moving in the gravitational fields of their unseen neutron-star companions have allowed unique tests of general relativity and provided evidence for gravitational radiation. We report here the detection of the 2.8-sec pulsar J0737-3039B as the companion to the 23-ms pulsar J0737-3039A in a highly-relativistic double-neutron-star system, allowing unprecedented tests of fundamental gravitational physics. We observe a short eclipse of J0737-3039A by J0737-3039B and orbital modulation of the flux density and pulse shape of J0737-3039B, probably due to the influence of J0737-3039A's energy flux upon its magnetosphere. These effects will allow us to probe magneto-ionic properties of a pulsar magnetosphere.
A. G. Lyne; M. Burgay; M. Kramer; A. Possenti; R. N. Manchester; F. Camilo; M. A. McLaughlin; D. R. Lorimer; N. D'Amico; B. C. Joshi; J. Reynolds; P. C. C. Freire
Breast Tissue Imaging | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron scattering measures samples too hot to hold Neutron scattering measures samples too hot to hold Research Contact: Kenneth Kelton August 2013 Liquids and glasses can have unique optical, electronic, and structural applications but are poorly understood compared to crystalline materials, limiting the ability to take advantage of the characteristics of glasses in a range of applications. Containers can react with molten samples at high temperatures or can favor the growth of crystals over the formation of glasses. Using the chemical and isotopic sensitivity of neutron scattering to understand these disordered structures requires a new capability to hold samples in a neutron beam at high temperature without using a solid physical container. New sample environment equipment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) enables scientists to
Science Opportunities at ORNL's Neutron Sources
The Neutron Sciences Directorate at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) operates two of the world's most advanced neutron scattering research facilities: the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Our vision is to provide unprecedented capabilities for understanding structure and properties across the spectrum of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering, and to stay at the leading edge of neutron science by developing new instruments, tools, and services. This talk will provide an update on the operations of the two research facilities and highlight the significant research that is emerging. For example, scientists from ORNL are at the forefront of research on a new class of iron-based superconductors based on experiments performed at the Triple-Axis Spectrometer at HFIR and ARCS at SNS. The complementary nature of neutron and x-ray techniques will be discussed to spark discussion among attendees.
Anderson, Ian [ORNL, SNS
A neutron source of the antimony--beryllium type is presented. The source is comprised of a solid mass of beryllium having a cylindrical recess extending therein and a cylinder containing antimony-124 slidably disposed within the cylindrical recess. The antimony cylinder is encased in aluminum. A berylliunn plug is removably inserted in the open end of the cylindrical recess to completely enclose the antimony cylinder in bsryllium. The plug and antimony cylinder are each provided with a stud on their upper ends to facilitate handling remotely.
Reardon, W.A.; Lennox, D.H.; Nobles, R.G.
Fundamental limits and insights: from wireless communication to DNA sequencing
Fundamental limits and insights: from wireless communicationDavid Aldous Fall 2012 Fundamental limits and insights: fromGuy Bresler Abstract Fundamental limits and insights: from
Bresler, Guy
Fundamental challenges for hybrid electrical/optical datacenter networks
OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Fundamental Challenges for Hybridthe Optical Divide: Fundamental Challenges for Hy- bridthe Optical Divide: Fundamental Challenges for Hybrid
Bazzaz, Hamid Hajabdolali
Large wireless networks : fundamental limits and design issues
wireless networks: fundamental limits and design issues Awireless networks: fundamental limits and design issues bythesis we demonstrate how fundamental questions arising in
Minero, Paolo
Feedback communication systems : fundamental limits and control-theoretic approach
to communication with feedback: Fundamental limits and codeand P. Viswanath. Fundamentals of Wireless Communication.Communication Systems: Fundamental Limits and Control-
Ardestanizadeh, Ehsan
A fundamental study on analyte adsorption onto metallophthalocyanines
OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON ANALYTETHE DISSERTATION A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON ANALYTE ADSORPTIONof the material or on the fundamental understanding xviii of
Tran, Ngoc L.
The fundamentals of configuration in face perception and discrimination
THE DISSERTATION The Fundamentals of Configuration in FaceCALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The Fundamentals of Configuration inorganization of a face are fundamental to daily human
Pallett, Pamela Mitchell
Problem Sets: Fundamentals Of Transportation And Traffic Operations
P ROBLEM S ETS : Fundamentals of Transportation and TrafficCN-98-1 February, 1998 Fundamentals of Transportation andcomprise a supplement to Fundamentals of Transportation and
Daganzo, Carlos F.
Introduction and Fundamentals: Course on Advances in Radiation
INTRODUCTION AMD FUNDAMENTALS: Course on Advances inUSA "Conception, my boy, fundamental brain work, is whatthat a lecture on "fundamentals" is perhaps inconsistent
Thomas, Ralph H.
Spallation Neutron Source | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Spallation Neutron Source SNS site, Spring 2012 The 80-acre SNS site is located on the east end of the ORNL campus and is about a three-minute drive from her sister neutron...
Physics Division progress report, January 1, 1984-September 30, 1986
This report provides brief accounts of significant progress in development activities and research results achieved by Physics Division personnel during the period January 1, 1984, through September 31, 1986. These efforts are representative of the three main areas of experimental research and development in which the Physics Division serves Los Alamos National Laboratory's and the Nation's needs in defense and basic sciences: (1) defense physics, including the development of diagnostic methods for weapons tests, weapon-related high-energy-density physics, and programs supporting the Strategic Defense Initiative; (2) laser physics and applications, especially to high-density plasmas; and (3) fundamental research in nuclear and particle physics, condensed-matter physics, and biophysics. Throughout the report, emphasis is placed on the design, construction, and application of a variety of advanced, often unique, instruments and instrument systems that maintain the Division's position at the leading edge of research and development in the specific fields germane to its mission. A sampling of experimental systems of particular interest would include the relativistic electron-beam accelerator and its applications to high-energy-density plasmas; pulsed-power facilities; directed energy weapon devices such as free-electron lasers and neutral-particle-beam accelerators; high-intensity ultraviolet and x-ray beam lines at the National Synchrotron Light Source (at Brookhaven National Laboratory); the Aurora KrF ultraviolet laser system for projected use as an inertial fusion driver; antiproton physics facility at CERN; and several beam developments at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility for studying nuclear, condensed-matter, and biological physics, highlighted by progress in establishing the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center.
Keller, W.E. (comp.)
ORNL neutron facilities deliver neutrons
The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) resumed full power operations on May 16, 2007. There were three experiment cycles of 23 to 25 days in FY2007 and another six are proposed for FY2008 beginning in November 2007. During FY 2007, the High Flux Isotope Reactor delivered 1178 operating hours to users. Commissioning of two SANS instruments is under way and these instruments will join the user program in 2008. The Neutron Scattering Science Advisory Committee endorsed language encouraging development of the science case for two instruments proposed for HFIR.
Ekkebus, Allen E [ORNL
The accretion process in neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries
There had been long-standing fundamental problems in the spectral studies of accreting neutron stars (NSs) in low-mass X-ray binaries involving the X-ray spectral decomposition, the relations between subtypes (mainly atoll ...
Lin, Dacheng
A method is presented for loading and unloading rod type fuel elements of a neutronic reactor of the heterogeneous, solld moderator, liquid cooled type. In the embodiment illustrated, the fuel rods are disposed in vertical coolant channels in the reactor core. The fuel rods are loaded and unloaded through the upper openings of the channels which are immersed in the coolant liquid, such as water. Unloading is accomplished by means of a coffer dam assembly having an outer sleeve which is placed in sealing relation around the upper opening. A radiation shield sleeve is disposed in and reciprocable through the coffer dam sleeve. A fuel rod engaging member operates through the axial bore in the radiation shield sleeve to withdraw the fuel rod from its position in the reactor coolant channel into the shield, the shield snd rod then being removed. Loading is accomplished in the reverse procedure.
Wigner, E.P.; Young, G.J.
The Fundamental Scaling Relations of Elliptical Galaxies
(ABRIDGED) We examine the fundamental scaling relations of elliptical galaxies formed through mergers. Using hundreds of simulations to judge the impact of progenitor galaxy properties on merger remnants, we find that gas dissipation provides an important contribution to tilt in the Fundamental Plane relation. Dissipationless mergers of disks produce remnants that occupy the virial plane. As the gas content of disk galaxies is increased, the tilt of the Fundamental Plane relation increases and the slope of the Re-M_* relation steepens. For gas fractions fgas > 30%, the simulated Fundamental Plane scalings approach those observed in the K-band. In our simulations, feedback from supermassive black hole growth has only a minor influence on the stellar-mass scaling relations of spheroidal galaxies, but may play a role in maintaining the observed Fundamental Plane tilt at optical wavelengths by suppressing residual star formation in merger remnants. We estimate that \\approx 40-100% of the Fundamental Plane tilt induced by structural properties owes to trends in the central total-to-stellar mass ratio M_total/M_* produced by dissipation. Lower mass systems obtain greater phase- space densities than higher mass systems, producing a galaxy mass-dependent central M_total/M_* and a corresponding tilt in the Fundamental Plane.
B. Robertson; T. J. Cox; L. Hernquist; M. Franx; P. F. Hopkins; P. Martini; V. Springel
NIST Fundamental Constants Data Center - Tech. Act. 2000
... Fundamental Constants Data Center. ... Mission. The FCDC mission is to: provide an international information center on the fundamental constants; ...
MS&T '04 Volume 2: Continuous Casting Fundamentals, Engineered
Continuous Casting Fundamentals I � Initial Solidification and Interfacial .... Continuous Casting Fundamentals II � Mold Fluid Flow and Water Spray Cooling.
An improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure comprising a plurality of stacked sets of bilayers of neutron reflecting materials. The improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure is adapted to provide extremely good performance at high incidence angles, i.e. up to four time the critical angle of standard neutron mirror structures. The reflection of neutrons striking the supermirror structure at a high critical angle provides enhanced neutron throughput, and hence more efficient and economical use of neutron sources. One layer of each set of bilayers consist of titanium, and the second layer of each set of bilayers consist of an alloy of nickel with carbon interstitially present in the nickel alloy.
From nuclear matter to Neutron Stars
Neutron stars are the most dense objects in the observable Universe and conventionally one uses nuclear theory to obtain the equation of state (EOS) of dense hadronic matter and the global properties of these stars. In this work, we review various aspects of nuclear matter within an effective Chiral model and interlink fundamental quantities both from nuclear saturation as well as vacuum properties and correlate it with the star properties.
T. K. Jha
Modeling of fundamental phenomena in welds
Recent advances in the mathematical modeling of fundamental phenomena in welds are summarized. State-of-the-art mathematical models, advances in computational techniques, emerging high-performance computers, and experimental validation techniques have provided significant insight into the fundamental factors that control the development of the weldment. The current status and scientific issues in the areas of heat and fluid flow in welds, heat source metal interaction, solidification microstructure, and phase transformations are assessed. Future research areas of major importance for understanding the fundamental phenomena in weld behavior are identified.
Zacharia, T.; Vitek, J.M. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Goldak, J.A. [Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ontario (Canada); DebRoy, T.A. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Rappaz, M. [Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland); Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H. [Cambridge Univ. (United Kingdom)
Fundamentals of preparative and nonlinear chromatography
The second edition of Fundamentals of Preparative and Nonlinear Chromatography is devoted to the fundamentals of a new process of purification or extraction of chemicals or proteins widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and in preparative chromatography. This process permits the preparation of extremely pure compounds satisfying the requests of the US Food and Drug Administration. The book describes the fundamentals of thermodynamics, mass transfer kinetics, and flow through porous media that are relevant to chromatography. It presents the models used in chromatography and their solutions, discusses the applications made, describes the different processes used, their numerous applications, and the methods of optimization of the experimental conditions of this process.
Guiochon, Georges A [ORNL; Felinger, Attila [ORNL; Katti, Anita [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) & Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Shirazi, Dean G [unknown
The Versatile Neutron Imaging Instrument at SNS | ORNL Neutron...
The Versatile Neutron Imaging Instrument at SNS VENUS: Neutron imaging to advance energy efficiency VENUS: Neutron imaging to advance energy efficiency. As its name indicates,...
CHAPTER 1 PERSPECTIVES Since the discovery of the neutron in 1932 by Chadwick, neutron spectroscopy
GLAS-PPE/2008-32 24th November 2008 Department of Physics and Astronomy Experimental Particle Physics Group Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland Telephone: +44 (0)141 330 2000 Fax: +44 (0)141 330 5881 Evaluation of Silicon Monolithic APS as a Neutron Detector Dzmitry
Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit
EIS-0247: Construction and Operation of the Spallation Neutron Source |
247: Construction and Operation of the Spallation Neutron 247: Construction and Operation of the Spallation Neutron Source EIS-0247: Construction and Operation of the Spallation Neutron Source SUMMARY The United States needs a high-flux, short- pulsed neutron source to provide its scientific and industrial research communities with a much more intense source of pulsed neutrons for neutron scattering research than is currently available. This source would assure the availability of a state-of-the-art neutron research facility in the United States in the decades ahead. This facility would be used to conduct research in areas such as materials science, condensed matter physics, the molecular structure of biological materials, properties of polymers and complex fluids, and magnetism. In addition to creating new scientific and
The electric charge and magnetic moment of neutral fundamental particles
The article focuses on the issue of the two definitions of charge, mainly the gauge charge and the effective charge of fundamental particles. Most textbooks on classical electromagnetism and quantum field theory only works with the gauge charges while the concept of the induced charge remains unattended. In this article it has been shown that for intrinsically charged particles both of the charges remain the same but there can be situations where an electrically neutral particle picks up some electrical charge from its plasma surrounding. The physical origin and the scope of application of the induced charge concept has been briefly discussed in the article.
Kaushik Bhattacharya
Some fundamental issues in General Relativity and their resolution
The purpose of this article is to draw attention to some fundamental issues in General Relativity. It is argued that these deep issues cannot be resolved within the standard approach to general relativity that considers {\\em every} solution of Einstein's field equations to be of relevance to some, hypothetical or not, physical situation. Hence, to resolve the considered problems of the standard approach to general relativity, one must go beyond it. A possible approach, a theory of everything, is outlined in the present article and will be developed in details subsequently.
Sanjay M. Wagh
The Fundamentals of Forensic Investigation Procedures Guidebook
No reference or guideline for the practice of or procedure for analyzing equipment failures and accidents involving electric utility distribution systems has been available until publication of "The Fundamentals of Forensic Investigation Procedures Guidebook."
Group homology and ideal fundamental cycles.
We prove that the group-homological version of the generalized Goncharov invariant of finite-volume locally rank one symmetric spaces determines their generalized Neumann-Yang invariant, which is defined using ideal fundamental cycles.
Thilo Kuessner.; Volume 40 (2012); Pages 239-258
Resistance Welding: Fundamentals and Applications - TMS
Apr 5, 2006 ... If you are seeking welding basics, then this is the book for you. It covers the fundamentals of resistance spot welding (RSW) and applies them in�...
Free Material Optimization with Fundamental Eigenfrequency ...
�School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT, UK, and In- stitute of Information ..... The square root of the smallest well- defined eigenvalue will be called fundamental ...... Handbook on Semidefinite Pro-.
Protons and Neutrons for Testing at LBNL | U.S. DOE Office of...
Protons and Neutrons for Testing at LBNL Nuclear Physics (NP) NP Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of NP Spinoff Applications SBIRSTTR Applications of...
Directorate Organization | ORNL Neutron Sciences
ORNL Neutron Sciences Directorate The Neutron Sciences Directorate (NScD) manages and operates the Spallation Neutron Source and the High Flux Isotope Reactor, two of the world's...
Fundamental combustion and diagnostics research at Sandia. Progress report, April-June 1980
The combustion research emphasizes basic research into fundamental problems associated with combustion. The overall program addresses detailed chemistry of combustion, fundamental processes associated with laminar and turbulent flames, development of research techniques specifically applicable to combustion environments, and operation of the user-oriented Combustion Research Facility. The first section of this report contains activities in Combustion Research, the second section contains activities in Molecular Physics and Spectroscopy, and the third section contains activities in Diagnostics Research.
Gusinow, M.A. (ed.)
Impact of delayed neutron precursor mobility in fissile solution systems
A research version of the Monte Carlo software package MCNP6 is modified to incorporate advection and diffusion of delayed neutron precursors, resulting in the emission of delayed neutrons at locations different from the original fission sites. Results of two test problems, a pipe carrying flowing fissile solution and a sphere of fissile solution with precursor diffusion, show that the fission product mobility tends to perturb the fundamental mode, has a negative reactivity effect, and, perhaps most importantly, causes a decrease in the effective delayed neutron fraction. (authors)
Kiedrowski, B. C. [X-Computational Physics Div., Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS A143, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States)
Physical Model Explaining the Periodic Pattern of the Chemical Elements
The fundamental organizing principle resulting in the periodic table is the nuclear charge. Arranging the chemical elements in an increasing atomic number order, a symmetry pattern known as the Periodic Table is detectable. The correlation between nuclear charge and the Periodic System of the Chemical Elements (PSCE) indicates that the symmetry emerges from the nucleus. Nuclear symmetry can only be developed if the positions of the nucleons are preserved. Thus the phase of the nucleus must be solid where the positions of the nucleons are preserved in a lattice. A lattice model, representing the protons and the neutrons by equal spheres and arranging them alternately in a face centered cubic structure forming a double tetrahedron, is able to reproduce all of the properties of the nucleus including the quantum numbers and the periodicity of the elements. Using this nuclear structure model, an attempt is made here to give a physical explanation for the periodicity of the chemical elements.
Jozsef Garai
Development of a 2-D 2-group neutron noise simulator
Development of a 2-D 2-group neutron noise simulator C. Demazie` re* Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Reactor Physics, SE-412 96 Go¨teborg, Sweden Received 10 May 2003; accepted 27 August 2003 Abstract In this paper, the development of a so-called neutron noise simulator is reported
Demazière, Christophe
The Neutron Scattering Society www.neutronscattering.org
Abstract submitted to the XXXIst International Conference on High Energy Physics 24--31 July 2002, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract: 000 Parallel Sessions: 0,0 Leading neutron production in e + p collisions at HERA ZEUS Collaboration Abstract The production of neutrons carrying at least 20% of the proton
Chen, Sow-Hsin
Flexible polyvinyl chloride neutron guides for transporting ultracold and very cold neutrons
The transmission of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) through flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes with lengths of up to 3 m and an internal diameter of 6-8 mm has been studied. High UCN transmission is found even for arbitrarily bent tubes (single bend, double bend, triple bend, figure eight, etc.). The transmission can be improved significantly by coating the inner surface of the tube with a thin layer of liquid fluorine polymer. The prospects of these neutron guides in fundamental and applied research are discussed.
Arzumanov, S. S., E-mail: email@example.com; Bondarenko, L. N. [Russian Research Center Kurchatov Institute (Russian Federation); Geltenbort, P. [Institut Laue-Langevin (France); Morozov, V. I. [Russian Research Center Kurchatov Institute (Russian Federation); Nesvizhevsky, V. V. [Institut Laue-Langevin (France); Panin, Yu. N.; Strepetov, A. N.; Chuvilin, D. Yu. [Russian Research Center Kurchatov Institute (Russian Federation)
This patent relates to neutronic reactors of the heterogeneous water cooled type, and in particular to a fuel element charging and discharging means therefor. In the embodiment illustrated the reactor contains horizontal, parallel coolant tubes in which the fuel elements are disposed. A loading cart containing a magnzine for holding a plurality of fuel elements operates along the face of the reactor at the inlet ends of the coolant tubes. The loading cart is equipped with a ram device for feeding fuel elements from the magazine through the inlot ends of the coolant tubes. Operating along the face adjacent the discharge ends of the tubes there is provided another cart means adapted to receive irradiated fuel elements as they are forced out of the discharge ends of the coolant tubes by the incoming new fuel elements. This cart is equipped with a tank coataining a coolant, such as water, into which the fuel elements fall, and a hydraulically operated plunger to hold the end of the fuel element being discharged. This inveation provides an apparatus whereby the fuel elements may be loaded into the reactor, irradiated therein, and unloaded from the reactor without stopping the fiow of the coolant and without danger to the operating personnel.
Ohlinger, L.A.; Wigner, E.P.; Weinberg, A.M.; Young, G.J.
Opportunities for Probing Fundamental Gravity with Solar System Experiments
The recent discovery of "dark energy" has challenged Einstein's general theory of relativity as a complete model for our macroscopic universe. From a theoretical view, the challenge is even stronger: general relativity clearly does not extend to the very small, where quantum mechanics holds sway. Fundamental physics models thus require some major revisions. We must explore deeper to both constrain and inspire this needed new physics. In the realm of the solar-system, we can effectively probe for small deviations from the predictions of general relativity: Technology now offers a wide range of opportunities to pursue experiments with accuracies orders of magnitude better than yet achieved. We describe both the relevant theoretical backgrounds and the opportunities for far more accurate solar system experiments.
Turyshev, Slava G; Adelberger, Eric G; Battat, James; Currie, Douglas; Folkner, William M; Gundlach, Jens; Merkowitz, Stephen M; Nordtvedt, Kenneth L; Reasenberg, Robert D; Shapiro, Irwin I; Shao, Michael; Stubbs, Christopher W; Tinto, Massimo; Williams, James G; Yu, Nan
Neutron streak camera
Apparatus for improved sensitivity and time resolution of a neutron measurement. The detector is provided with an electrode assembly having a neutron sensitive cathode which emits relatively low energy secondary electrons. The neutron sensitive cathode has a large surface area which provides increased sensitivity by intercepting a greater number of neutrons. The cathode is also curved to compensate for differences in transit time of the neutrons emanating from the point source. The slower speeds of the secondary electrons emitted from a certain portion of the cathode are matched to the transit times of the neutrons impinging thereupon.
Wang, C.L.
Organic metal neutron detector
A device for detection of neutrons comprises: as an active neutron sensing element, a conductive organic polymer having an electrical conductivity and a cross-section for said neutrons whereby a detectable change in said conductivity is caused by impingement of said neutrons on the conductive organic polymer which is responsive to a property of said polymer which is altered by impingement of said neutrons on the polymer; and means for associating a change in said alterable property with the presence of neutrons at the location of said device.
Butler, M.A.; Ginley, D.S.
Layered semiconductor neutron detectors
Room temperature operating solid state hand held neutron detectors integrate one or more relatively thin layers of a high neutron interaction cross-section element or materials with semiconductor detectors. The high neutron interaction cross-section element (e.g., Gd, B or Li) or materials comprising at least one high neutron interaction cross-section element can be in the form of unstructured layers or micro- or nano-structured arrays. Such architecture provides high efficiency neutron detector devices by capturing substantially more carriers produced from high energy .alpha.-particles or .gamma.-photons generated by neutron interaction.
Mao, Samuel S; Perry, Dale L
Vol. 29 (1998) ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B No 12 NEUTRON STARS: FORMATION AND STRUCTURE
Slow neutron detection without 3He: far ultraviolet noble-gas-excimer radiation induced by neutron McComb,3 Amy Beasten,3 Mohamad I. Al-Sheikhly3 and Charles W. Clark1,2,4 1 Institute for Physical (NIST) 3 Nuclear Engineering Program, UMD 4 Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and UMD Slow neutron detection
Magiera, Andrzej
Naysaying the Neutron Scattering Society Lawrence Cranberg, Jill Trewhella, and Henry R. Glyde
The New Munich Neutron Source FRM II: Overview and Uses for Biological Studies Wolfgang Doster Technical University Munich, Physics Department E 13, D-85748 Garching, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. The application of neutron scattering to biological systems using the new neutron source in Munich is discussed
Glyde, Henry R.
Author's personal copy Determination of Resonance Parameters and their Covariances from Neutron Induced
component tt. Consequently, response functions will strongly depend on the neutron physics propertiesAuthor's personal copy Determination of Resonance Parameters and their Covariances from Neutron AT A WHITE NEUTRON SOURCE 3056 A. Time-of-Flight Facilities 3056 B. Time-of-Flight Technique 3056 C. Response
MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES: IV: Neutronics
The Department of Energy has initiated a pre-conceptual design study for the National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) and given preliminary approval for the�...
Characterization of a ballistic supermirror neutron guide
We describe the beam characteristics of the first ballistic supermirror neutron guide H113 that feeds the neutron user facility for particle physics PF1B of the Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble (ILL). At present, the neutron capture flux density of H113 at its 20x6cm2 exit window is 1.35x10^10/cm^2/s, and will soon be raised to above 2x10^10/cm^2/s. Beam divergence is no larger than beam divergence from a conventional Ni coated guide. A model is developed that permits rapid calculation of beam profiles and absolute event rates from such a beam. We propose a procedure that permits inter-comparability of the main features of beams emitted from ballistic or conventional neutron guides.
H. Abele; D. Dubbers; H. Haese; M. Klein; A. Knoepfler; M. Kreuz; T. Lauer; B. Maerkisch; D. Mund; V. Nesvizhevsky; A. Petoukhov; C. Schmidt; M. Schumann; T. Soldner
Fundamental Scratch Behavior of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Random Copolymers
The present study employs a standardized progressive load scratch test (ASTM D7027/ISO 19252) to investigate the fundamental physical and mechanistic origins of scratch deformation in styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) random copolymers. Previous findings from numerical simulation using finite element methods are used to establish correlation between mechanical properties and key scratch deformation mechanisms of the SAN model systems. For SAN, the acrylonitrile (AN) content and molecular weight (MW) can be changed to alter mechanical properties such as tensile strength and ductility. The key scratch deformation mechanisms are identified as: scratch groove formation, scratch visibility, periodic micro-cracking and plowing. Groove formation has been correlated to the secant modulus at the compressive yield point while micro-cracking and plowing are related to the tensile strength of the material. The fundamentals and physical origins of scratch visibility are discussed. It is explained how unbiased evaluation is accomplished by means of an automatic digital image analysis software package (ASV�). Frictional behavior and the effects of scratch speed and moisture absorption are also addressed. Increasing the AN content and/or the MW of the SAN random copolymers generally enhances the scratch resistance of the material with regard to the onset of the key deformation mechanisms. Increasing the scratch speed increases the brittleness of the material, resulting in failure at lower applied loads. Moisture absorption increases with AN content and imparts a degree of plasticization as the moisture diffuses into the sub-surface. This plasticization initially results in a degradation of scratch resistance with respect to the key deformation mechanisms, but then, after saturation, the moisture on the surface provides lubrication and improves the scratch resistance. It is important to note that polymers are fundamentally different in nature, but the findings of this study serve as an important stepping stone down the path to a deeper understanding of polymer scratch behavior.
Browning, Robert Lee
Photon and neutron active interrogation of highly enriched uranium.
The physics of photon and neutron active interrogation of highly enriched uranium (HEU) using the delayed neutron reinterrogation method is described in this paper. Two sets of active interrogation experiments were performed using a set of subcritical configurations of cocentric HEU metal hemishells. One set of measurements utilized a pulsed 14-MeV neutron generator as the active source. The second set of measurements utilized a linear accelerator-based bremsstrahlung photon source as an active interrogation source. The neutron responses were measured for both sets of experiments. The operational details and results for both measurement sets are described.
Myers, W. L. (William L.); Goulding, C. A. (Charles A.); Hollas, C. L. (Charles L.); Moss, C. E. (Calvin E.)
Neutron capture rates and r-process nucleosynthesis
Simulations of r-process nucleosynthesis require nuclear physics information for thousands of neutron-rich nuclear species from the line of stability to the neutron drip line. While arguably the most important pieces of nuclear data for the r-process are the masses and beta decay rates, individual neutron capture rates can also be of key importance in setting the final r-process abundance pattern. Here we consider the influence of neutron capture rates in forming the A~80 and rare earth peaks.
Surman, R; McLaughlin, G C; Sinclair, R; Hix, W R; Jones, K L
R. Surman; M. Mumpower; G. C. McLaughlin; R. Sinclair; W. R. Hix; K. L. Jones
Advanced High Temperature Reactor Neutronic Core Design
The AHTR is a 3400 MW(t) FHR class reactor design concept intended to serve as a central generating station type power plant. While significant technology development and demonstration remains, the basic design concept appears sound and tolerant of much of the remaining performance uncertainty. No fundamental impediments have been identified that would prevent widespread deployment of the concept. This paper focuses on the preliminary neutronic design studies performed at ORNL during the fiscal year 2011. After a brief presentation of the AHTR design concept, the paper summarizes several neutronic studies performed at ORNL during 2011. An optimization study for the AHTR core is first presented. The temperature and void coefficients of reactivity are then analyzed for a few configurations of interest. A discussion of the limiting factors due to the fast neutron fluence follows. The neutronic studies conclude with a discussion of the control and shutdown options. The studies presented confirm that sound neutronic alternatives exist for the design of the AHTR to maintain full passive safety features and reasonable operation conditions.
Ilas, Dan [ORNL; Holcomb, David Eugene [ORNL; Varma, Venugopal Koikal [ORNL
Dr. Michael Agamalian | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Dr. Michael Agamalian Dr. Michael Agamalian Lead Scientist, Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (USANS), SNS Education PhD in Physics, St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia Description of Research Michael Agamalian and collaborators have made important contributions to the development of the ORNL Bonse-Hart Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering instrument (USANS). In particular, they adopted the classical X-ray Bonse-Hart technique for neutrons by modifying the Si channel-cut crystal and introducing an additional element, a Cd absorber. This innovation, combined with application of a specialized chemical-mechanical treatment of the diffractive surfaces of the Si channel-cut crystal, has increased the sensitivity of the ORNL USANS instrument by three orders of magnitude. This
Christmas burst reveals neutron star collision
Christmas burst reveals neutron star collision Christmas burst reveals neutron star collision Christmas burst reveals neutron star collision Called the Christmas Burst, GRB 101225A was freakishly lengthy and it produced radiation at unusually varying wavelengths. December 1, 2011 Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Contact
Fundamental Tradeoffs on Green Wireless Networks
Traditional design of mobile wireless networks mainly focuses on ubiquitous access and large capacity. However, as energy saving and environmental protection become a global demand and inevitable trend, wireless researchers and engineers need to shift their focus to energy-efficiency oriented design, that is, green radio. In this paper, we propose a framework for green radio research and integrate the fundamental issues that are currently scattered. The skeleton of the framework consists of four fundamental tradeoffs: deployment efficiency - energy efficiency tradeoff, spectrum efficiency - energy efficiency tradeoff, bandwidth - power tradeoff, and delay - power tradeoff. With the help of the four fundamental tradeoffs, we demonstrate that key network performance/cost indicators are all stringed together.
Chen, Yan; Xu, Shugong; Li, Geoffrey Ye
Instruments | Neutron Science | ORNL
NScD Careers NScD Careers Supporting Organizations Neutron Science Home | Science & Discovery | Neutron Science | Instruments SHARE Instruments at SNS and HFIR SNS Instrument Name HFIR Instrument Name 1B NOMAD - Nanoscale-Ordered Materials Diffractometer CG-1 Development Beam Line 2 BASIS - Backscattering Spectrometer CG-1D IMAGING - Neutron Imaging Prototype Facility 3 SNAP - Spallation Neutrons and Pressure Diffractometer CG-2 GP-SANS - General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer 4A MR - Magnetism Reflectometer CG-3 Bio-SANS - Biological Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument 4B LR - Liquids Reflectometer CG-4C CTAX - Cold Neutron Triple-Axis Spectrometer 5 CNCS - Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer HB-1 PTAX - Polarized Triple-Axis Spectrometer
Ultrafast neutron detector
A neutron detector of very high temporal resolution is described. It may be used to measure distributions of neutrons produced by fusion reactions that persist for times as short as about 50 picoseconds.
Procurement - ORNL Neutron Sciences
for the acquisition of goods and services for neutron scattering operations at SNS and HFIR. If you're interested in conducting business with the Neutron Sciences Directorate or...
Facilities | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Isotope Reactor. The pulsed neutron source at SNS and the continuous neutron source at HFIR complement each other well and, along with their state-of-the-art instruments, provide...
Pulsed-neutron monochromator
In one aspect, the invention is an improved pulsed-neutron monochromator of the vibrated-crystal type. The monochromator is designed to provide neutron pulses which are characterized both by short duration and high density. A row of neutron-reflecting crystals is disposed in a neutron beam to reflect neutrons onto a common target. The crystals in the row define progressively larger neutron-scattering angles and are vibrated sequentially in descending order with respect to the size of their scattering angles, thus generating neutron pulses which arrive simultaneously at the target. Transducers are coupled to one end of the crystals to vibrate them in an essentially non-resonant mode. The transducers propagate transverse waves in the crystal which progress longitudinally therein. The waves are absorbed at the undriven ends of the crystals by damping material mounted thereon. In another aspect, the invention is a method for generating neutron pulses characterized by high intensity and short duration.
Mook, H.A. Jr.
Unconventional Superconductors Unconventional Superconductors Doug Scalapino discusses "common thread" linking unconventional superconducting materials Dec 2011, Written by Deborah Counce Douglas Scalapino Professor Emeritus Douglas Scalapino. Douglas Scalapino was the inaugural speaker for a new joint lecture series sponsored by the Spallation Neutron Source and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He is Research Professor of Physics at the University of California-Santa Barbara. A leading theorist in condensed matter physics, he has been a fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the National Academy Sciences. He has been awarded the John Bardeen Prize for theoretical work in superconductivity and the Julius Lilienfeld Prize for outstanding
NIST Accepting Proposals for Fundamental Measurement ...
... and other research laboratories and to ... Visit the Physical Measurement Laboratory Web pages ... institutions of higher education; hospitals; nonprofit ...
Modeling of Geothermal Reservoirs: Fundamental Processes, Computer
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Page Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Modeling of Geothermal Reservoirs: Fundamental Processes, Computer Simulation and Field Applications Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal Article: Modeling of Geothermal Reservoirs: Fundamental Processes, Computer Simulation and Field Applications Abstract This article attempts to critically evaluate the present state of the art of geothermal reservoir simulation. Methodological aspects of geothermal reservoir modeling are briefly reviewed, with special emphasis on flow in fractured media. We then examine some applications of numerical simulation to studies of reservoir dynamics, well test design and analysis, and modeling of specific fields. Tangible impacts of reservoir simulation
Argonne Chemical Sciences & Engineering - Fundamental Interactions
* Chemical Dynamics * Chemical Dynamics * Solar Conversion Fundamental Interactions flame photosynthesis icon Chemical Dynamics Work focuses on theoretical and experimental investigation of the thermochemistry, dynamics, and kinetics of chemcial reactions in the gas phase, with a particular emphasis on reactions that are important to understanding combusion. Solar Conversion Work focuses on developing a fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships in biological photosynthesis and establishing principles for the design of biomimetic systems for solar energy conversion. Current funding for this work comes primarily from the Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Divisions. April 2011
DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Electrical Science, Volume 4
The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory, terminology, and application. The handbook includes information on alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors, and generators; AC power and reactive transformers; and electrical test components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; instruments and measuring devices. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical equipment.
DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Electrical Science, Volume 2
The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding terminology, and application. The handbook includes information on alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors, and generators; AC power and reactive components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; transformers; and electrical test instruments and measuring devices. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical equipment.
DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Mathematics, Volume 1
The Mathematics Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of mathematics and its application to facility operation. The handbook includes a review of introductory mathematics and the concepts and functional use of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Word problems, equations, calculations, and practical exercises that require the use of each of the mathematical concepts are also presented. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding and performing basic mathematical calculations that are associated with various DOE nuclear facility operations.
DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Mathematics, Volume 2
DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Electrical Science, Volume 3
The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory, terminology, and application. The handbook includes information on alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors and generators; AC power and reactive components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; transformers; and electrical test instruments and measuring devices. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical equipment.
DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Electrical Science, Volume 1
Physics Division progress report for period ending June 30, 1981
Progress is reported in detail in the following areas: Holifield Heavy-Ion Research Facility, nuclear physics, the UNISOR program, neutron physics, theoretical physics, the Nuclear Data Project, atomic and plasma physics, and high energy physics. Publications are listed. Separate abstracts were prepared for 34 papers. (WHK)
Advanced neutron absorber materials
A neutron absorbing material and method utilizing rare earth elements such as gadolinium, europium and samarium to form metallic glasses and/or noble base nano/microcrystalline materials, the neutron absorbing material having a combination of superior neutron capture cross sections coupled with enhanced resistance to corrosion, oxidation and leaching.
Branagan, Daniel J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Smolik, Galen R. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Arsenic activation neutron detector
A detector of bursts of neutrons from a deuterium-deuteron reaction includes a quantity of arsenic adjacent a gamma detector such as a scintillator and photomultiplier tube. The arsenic is activated by the 2.5-MeV neutrons to release gamma radiation which is detected to give a quantitative representation of detected neutrons.
Jacobs, E.L.
LANL | Physics | Quantum Information
Breakthrough quantum information Breakthrough quantum information science and technology Physics Division's quantum information science and technology capability supports present and future Laboratory missions in cyber-security, sensing, nonproliferation, information science, and materials. Collaborating with researchers throughout Los Alamos and leading institutions in the nation, Physics Division scientists are involved in projects in quantum communications, including quantum key distribution and quantum-enabled security and networking, and in quantum cold-atom physics. Recent fundamental science results include the ability to "paint" potentials that can trap Bose-Einstein condensates into geometric forms, such as the toroidal ring of clusters, the density of which is measured in
XII SoNS School of Neutron Scattering
XII School of Neutron Scattering (SoNS) XII School of Neutron Scattering (SoNS) "Francesco Paolo Ricci" "Introduction to the theory and techniques of neutron scattering and applications to Cultural Heritage" 30 April - 9 May 2014 A Course within the International School of Solid State Physics ETTORE MAJORANA FOUNDATION AND CENTRE FOR SCIENTIFIC CULTURE, Erice (I) Application deadline: 1 st April 2014 Application is now open for the XII School of Neutron Scattering (SoNS) "Francesco Paolo Ricci": Introduction to the theory and techniques of neutron scattering and applications to Cultural Heritage. The school will be held at the ETTORE MAJORANA FOUNDATION AND CENTRE FOR SCIENTIFIC CULTURE, Erice (Sicily, I) as a specialized course within the International School of Solid State Physics (Director: Giorgio Benedek), between the 30
DOE Science Showcase - Neutron Science Research from DOE Databases | OSTI,
DOE Science Showcase - Neutron Science Research from DOE Databases DOE Science Showcase - Neutron Science Research from DOE Databases Additional neutron science research in DOE Databases Information Bridge Neutron scattering research was pioneered in 1946 by ORNL's Clifford G. Shull, winner of 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics. Access Shull's early research records in Energy Citations Database. Neutron scattering research was pioneered in 1946 by ORNL's Clifford G. Shull, winner of 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics. Access Shull's early research records in Energy Citations Database. Energy Citations Database DOE R&D Accomplishments DOE R&D Project Summaries DOE Data Explorer DOepatents Researchers at DOE labs, including Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Please refer to the disclaimer at the end of this document. The Fundamentals of Fundamental Factor
Fundamental analysis is the process of determining a security�s future value by analyzing a combination of macro and microeconomic events and company specific characteristics. Though fundamental analysis focuses on the valuation of individual companies, most institutional investors recognize that there are common factors 1 affecting all stocks. For example,
Jennifer Bender; Frank Nielsen
A State Space Model of the Economic Fundamentals
Asset Values and Economic Fundamentals, Economics Department28, Key words: ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS Dynamic programming, smodel o f the economic fundamentals. In t h e o r y t h e
Craine, Roger; Bowman, David
R. B. Adams and J. A. Pask, "Fundamentals of Glass-to-Metalapplied glass. The same fundamentals and requirements applyand R. M. Fulrath, "Fundamentals of Glass-to-Metal Bonding:
Pask, J.A.
Understanding Devaluations in Latin America: A 'Bad Fundamentals' Approach
the changes and lags of fundamentals Eq. (6.1) Eq. (6.2)Comparing the effect of fundamentals over the full spell vs.in Latin America: A "Bad Fundamentals" Approach by Maria
Martinez Peria, Maria Soledad
Asset Prices and the Fundamentals: A Q Test
Asset Prices and the Fundamentals: A Q Test." Roger Craine.214 Asset Prices and the Fundamentals: A Q Test Roger Craineasset values and the fundamentals. The test is an indirect
Craine, Roger
201/span>3 Short Course Applied Fundamentals in Interfacial Phenomena
Applied Fundamentals in Interfacial Phenomena Short Course held at the 104th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo. 201/span>3 Short Course Applied Fundamentals in Interfacial Phenomena Applied Fundamentals in Interfacial Phenomena Saturday �
2013 Short Course Fundamentals of Edible Oil Processing and Refining
Fundamentals of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Short Course held at the 104th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo. 2013 Short Course Fundamentals of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Fundamentals of Edible Oil Processing and Refining S
Questions and Answers - Why do protons and neutrons stay together in the
Charge of proton and neutron? Charge of proton and neutron? Previous Question (Charge of proton and neutron?) Questions and Answers Main Index Next Question (How many times bigger is a proton than an electron?) How many times bigger isa proton than an electron? Why do protons and neutrons stay together in the nucleus? The nucleus of an atom is held together by the strong nuclear force that binds together protons and neutrons. Although the strong nuclear force is the strongest of the four fundamental forces, it acts only over very short - typically nuclear - distances. It binds together the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. It also holds together the quarks that make up those protons and neutrons and the other hadrons. Author: Mac Mestayer, Staff Scientist (Other answers by Mac Mestayer)
Reflected Neutron Effects in Multiplicity Measurements of Bare HEU Assemblies
In a passive multiplicity characterization of highly enriched uranium (HEU) assemblies, fission chains are initiated by the characteristically fast neutrons from spontaneous fission of {sup 238}U and {sup 235}U as well as cosmic-ray spallation neutrons. Active interrogation of HEU uses other physical mechanisms for starting chains by inducing fission from high-energy neutrons, high-energy gamma-rays, delayed neutrons, or thermal neutrons. In all cases a contribution to the initiation of fission chains is the reflection of neutrons that initially escape the assembly and re-enter it after undergoing some scattering. The reflected neutron flux is geometry dependent and a combination of fast and thermal energies. The reflected thermal neutron contribution occurs hundreds of microseconds after the beginning of the fission chain and can be distinguished from the cosmic-ray spallation neutrons unrelated to fission chains, resulting in an HEU detection signature with high signal-to-noise. However, the reflected thermal neutron flux can be eliminated with an efficient thermal neutron absorber to investigate reflected neutron effects. In this paper, active and passive multiplicity measurements with HEU oxide assemblies of up to 16 kg of fuel pins and HEU metal assemblies of up to five 18 kg storage castings are reported. Each case demonstrates the differences in HEU signature when a borated thermal neutron absorber is present and shows the various detectable signatures with 3He proportional counters, the standard detector for differential die-way and neutron multiplicity measurements, and liquid scintillators, a detector capable of operating on the timescale of fission chains.
McConchie, Seth M [ORNL; Hausladen, Paul [ORNL; Mihalczo, John T [ORNL
Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences | ornl.gov
Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences SHARE Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences JINS is located on Chestnut Ridge within the 80-acre SNS site, part of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences (JINS) was founded as a collaborative effort between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and The University of Tennessee to promote the use of neutron scattering in various fields of research. Through worldwide collaborations between researchers of the biological and life sciences, energy sciences, polymer science, condensed matter physics and computational sciences, a synergistic consortium will be created at ORNL to elevate the field of neutron sciences to a new level of efficacy for industry, medicine and frontier research. The goal of JINS is to serve as a gateway for users of the Spallation
Early Science Instruction Addressing Fundamental Issues
Commentary Early Science Instruction Addressing Fundamental Issues David Klahr Carnegie Mellon (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Child psychology in practice (6th ed.). New York acquisition in foundational domains. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & D. Kuhn & R.S. Siegler (Vol. Eds.), Handbook
Klahr, David
Fundamental solutions of homogeneous elliptic differential operators
We compute fundamental solutions of homogeneous elliptic differential operators, with constant coefficients, on $\\mathbb{R}^n$ by mean of analytic continuation of distributions. The result obtained is valid in any dimension, for any degree and can be extended to pseudodifferential operators of the same type.
Brice Camus
Tate motives and the fundamental group.
Let k be a number field, and let S be a finite set of k-rational points of P^1. We relate the Deligne-Goncharov contruction of the motivic fundamental group of X:=P^1_k- S to the Tannaka group scheme of the category of mixed Tate motives over X.
H�l�ne Esnault; Marc Levine
Prequantum Classical Statistical Field Theory: Fundamentals
We present fundamentals of a prequantum model with hidden variables of the classical field type. In some sense this is the comeback of classical wave mechanics. Our approach also can be considered as incorporation of quantum mechanics into classical signal theory. All quantum averages (including correlations of entangled systems) can be represented as classical signal averages and correlations.
Khrennikov, Andrei [International Center for Mathematical Modelling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences, Linnaeus University, Vaexjoe, S-35195 (Sweden)
of the grounding systems is to dissipate a current injection* * at an electrical substation produced A COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURE TO ESTIMATE THE FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS IN GROUNDING. Abstract The grounding grid design must be made in such a way that the funda- mental parameters do
Bendito, Enrique
High energy neutron dosimeter
A device for measuring dose equivalents in neutron radiation fields is described. The device includes nested symmetrical hemispheres (forming spheres) of different neutron moderating materials that allow the measurement of dose equivalents from 0.025 eV to past 1 GeV. The layers of moderating material surround a spherical neutron counter. The neutron counter is connected by an electrical cable to an electrical sensing means which interprets the signal from the neutron counter in the center of the moderating spheres. The spherical shape of the device allows for accurate measurement of dose equivalents regardless of its positioning. 2 figures.
Rai, K.S.F.
A device for measuring dose equivalents in neutron radiation fields. The device includes nested symmetrical hemispheres (forming spheres) of different neutron moderating materials that allow the measurement of dose equivalents from 0.025 eV to past 1 GeV. The layers of moderating material surround a spherical neutron counter. The neutron counter is connected by an electrical cable to an electrical sensing means which interprets the signal from the neutron counter in the center of the moderating spheres. The spherical shape of the device allows for accurate measurement of dose equivalents regardless of its positioning.
Sun, Rai Ko S.F. (Albany, CA)
Solution of a Linearized Model of Heisenberg's Fundamental Equation II
A linearized version of Heisenberg's fundamental equation is solved, and the solutions satisfy the axioms of a relativistic quantum field theory with a fundamental length.
E. Br�ning; S. Nagamachi
Vol. 38 (2007) ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B No 4 NEUTRON AND PROTON SEPARATION IN DENSE
for high energy physics experi- ments. The Large Area Neutron Detector (LAND) at GSI also makes useNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 505 (2003) 2528 Using passive converters to enhance detection efficiency of 100-MeV neutrons$ T. Baumanna, *, H. Ikedab,c , M. Kurokawab,c , M. Miurab
22.101 Applied Nuclear Physics, Fall 2004
Fundamentals of nuclear physics for engineering students. Basic properties of the nucleus and nuclear radiations. Elementary quantum mechanical calculations of bound-state energies and barrier transmission probability. ...
Yip, Sidney
Spallation Neutron Source, SNS
Spallation Neutron Source Spallation Neutron Source Providing the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world... Accumulator Ring Commissioning Latest Step for Spallation Neutron Source The Spallation Neutron Source, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has passed another milestone on the way to completion this year--the commissioning of the proton accumulator ring. Brookhaven led the design and construction of the accumulator ring, which will allow an order of magnitude more beam power than any other facility in the world. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source being built in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, by the U.S. Department of Energy. The figure on the right shows a schematic of the accumulator ring and transport beam lines that are being designed and built by Brookhaven
Superfluidity of $?$ hyperons in neutron stars
We study the $^1S_0$ superfluidity of $\\Lambda$ hyperons in neutron star matter and neutron stars. We use the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory to calculate the properties of neutron star matter. In the RMF approach, the meson-hyperon couplings are constrained by reasonable hyperon potentials that include the updated information from recent developments in hypernuclear physics. To examine the $^1S_0$ pairing gap of $\\Lambda$ hyperons, we employ several $\\Lambda\\Lambda$ interactions based on the Nijmegen models and used in double-$\\Lambda$ hypernuclei studies. It is found that the maximal pairing gap obtained is a few tenths of a MeV. The magnitude and the density region of the pairing gap are dependent on the $\\Lambda\\Lambda$ interaction and the treatment of neutron star matter. We calculate neutron star properties and find that whether the $^1S_0 $ superfluidity of $\\Lambda$ hyperons exists in the core of neutron stars mainly depends on the $\\Lambda\\Lambda$ interaction used.
Y. N. Wang; H. Shen
The method and means for controlling the neutron density in a nuclear reactor is described. It describes the method and means for flattening the neutron density distribution curve across the reactor by spacing the absorbing control members to varying depths in the central region closer to the center than to the periphery of the active portion of the reactor to provide a smaller neutron reproduction ratio in the region wherein the members are inserted, than in the remainder of the reactor thereby increasing the over-all potential power output.
Young, G.J.
Imaging and Neutrons - IAN 2006 - Neutron Sciences
SNS Home Saturday, January 11, 2014 SNS Home Saturday, January 11, 2014 Go IAN 2006 Imaging and Neutrons 2006 October 23-25, 2006 Iran Thomas Auditorium Central Laboratory and Office Building Spallation Neutron Source Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Who Should Attend Synopsis Goals and Expected Outcomes Application Areas Techniques International Advisory Committee Local Organizing Committee Agenda with Presentations NEW Confirmed Speakers Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ Satellite Workshop - Progress in Electron Volt Neutron Spectroscopy eV Worshop Agenda presentations NEW Lodging, Transportation, Bus Schedule Location Directions and Map Registration CLOSED Abstracts, Posters, Contributed Talks Scholarships Sponsors Vendors May Attend Relevant Reports Important Dates Weather Attractions
PNNL: Chemical & Materials Sciences - Fundamental & Computational...
& Journal Cover Gallery CMSD Job Openings Links Seminar Series Frontiers in Geochemistry Frontiers in Catalysis Science and Engineering Frontiers in Chemical Physics &...
Fundamentals of a fuzzy-logic-based generalized theory of stability
Stability is one of the fundamental concepts of complex dynamical systems including physical, economical, socioeconomical, and technical systems. In classical terms, the notion of stability inherently associates with any dynamical system and determines ... Keywords: Lipschitz stability, Lyapunov stability, control system, degree of stability, fuzzy differential equations (FDEs), fuzzy dynamical systems, fuzzy functions, fuzzy stability, human centricity, precisiated natural language (PNL), stability
Rafik A. Aliev; Witold Pedrycz
Souleymane Omar Diallo | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Souleymane Omar Diallo Souleymane Omar Diallo Quantum Condensed Matter Division Education Ph.D. Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA (2007). BSc. Physics, Université Cadi-Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco (1999). Description of Research Dynamics of Water in Confinement, Proteins Dynamics, Porous Materials, Neutron and X-ray Scattering, Soft Condensed Matter Physics, Supefluidity and Superconductivity, Quantum Fluids and Solids, Ferroelectricity. Selected Publications J. Charmichael and S.O. Diallo, "A cryogenic high pressure cell for neutron scattering measurements of quantum fluids and solids", submitted Review of Scientific Instruments (2012) S.O. Diallo, E. Mamontov, S. Inagaki, Y. Fukushima, and N. Wada, "Enhanced Translational Dynamics of Water under Electric Field" Phys.
Types of Paradox in Physics
Paradoxes are a relatively frequent occurrence in physics. The nature of their genesis is diverse and they are found in all branches of physics. There are a number of general and special classifications of paradoxes, but there are no classifications of paradoxes in physics. Nowadays, physics is a fundamental and rather formalized science, the paradoxes of which imply falsity and imprecision. One of the basic methods of addressing a problem is to present classifications that facilitate its formulation and study. This work groups together the paradoxes in physics according to certain common characteristics, which should assist in explaining the causes for paradox formation.
Dragoljub A. Cucic
Fundamentals Explain High Crude Oil Prices
6 6 Notes: One can use a simple model to deal with price/fundamental relationships. This one predicts monthly average WTI price as a function of OECD total petroleum stock deviations from the normal levels. The graph shows the model as it begins predicting prices in 1992. It shows how well the model has predicted not only the direction, but the magnitude of prices over this 8+ year period. While the model is simple and not perfect, it does predict the overall trends and, in particular, the recent rise in prices. It also shows that prices may have over-shot the fundamental balance for a while -- at least partially due to speculative concerns over Mideast tensions, winter supply adequacy, and Iraq's export policies. Prices moved lower in December, and even undershot briefly the
Bioenergy Bioenergy SHARE Fundamental and Applied Bioenergy Steven Brown (left) and Shihui Yang have developed a microbial strain with an improved ability to convert wood products to biofuel as part of research within the DOE BioEnergy Science Center.Source: ORNL News article ORNL researchers are investigating the biological mechanisms underlying production of biofuels so that those mechanisms can be improved and used to develop a new generation of efficient bioenergy strategies that will reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil and help curb carbon emissions. Fundamental and applied bioenergy research at ORNL includes studies conducted within the BioEnergy Science Center and the following research areas: Bioconversion Science and Technology Plant-Microbe Interfaces
The Mechanical Science Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of mechanical components and mechanical science. The handbook includes information on diesel engines, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, and miscellaneous mechanical components. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the construction and operation of mechanical components that are associated with various DOE nuclear facility operations and maintenance.
DOE fundamentals handbook: Mechanical science. Volume 2
The Mechanical Science Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of mechanical components and mechanical science. The handbook includes information diesel engines, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, and miscellaneous mechanical components. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding the construction and operation of mechanical components that are associated with various DOE nuclear facility operations and maintenance.
Engineering Fundamentals - Chemistry, Version 3.0
The Chemistry module of Engineering Fundamentals is intended to provide a basic overview of this topic for individuals, from all engineering disciplines, beginning their career in the nuclear power industry.The Chemistry module covers basic terms and concepts as well as their applications in nuclear power plants. This course will help new engineers understand some of the basic processes and equipment that are critical to the operation of nuclear power plants, how their job might affect ...
Fundamentals of a Third-Party Cogeneration Project
There is an increasing number of 2-10 MW cogeneration projects involving retrofits at institutional and industrial installations. This type of project requires that the cogeneration equipment be (a) designed and sized to match the electrical and thermal usage of the facility and (b) retrofitted or integrated physically with the facility. Third-party ownership and operation of these installations offer significant advantages such as no capital investment and no risk by the user, technical expertise to handle the more involved implementation of retrofit projects, and the ability to combine cogeneration with other energy conservation measures to reduce total energy costs for many facilities by 15-30%. This paper describes certain fundamentals required for the successful implementation of a third-party cogeneration project such as the 2.5 MW installation at York Hospital in York, Pennsylvania. The most significant fundamentals are the contract between the user and the third party, early contact with the electric utility and gas distribution companies, the ability to keep the capital cost low, the selection of a contractor with retrofit experience, the capability to obtain fuel at favorable terms and conditions, and a practical approach toward operation and maintenance.
Grantham, F.; Stovall, D.
Fundamental and composite scalars from extra dimensions
We discuss a scenario consisting of an effective 4D theory containing fundamental and composite fields. The strong dynamics sector responsible for the compositeness is assumed to be of extra dimensional origin. In the 4D effective theory the SM fermion and gauge fields are taken as fundamental fields. The scalar sector of the theory resembles a bosonic topcolor in the sense there are two scalar Higgs fields, a composite scalar field and a fundamental gauge-Higgs unification scalar. A detailed analysis of the scalar spectrum is presented in order to explore the parameter space consistent with experiment. It is found that, under the model assumptions, the acceptable parameter space is quite constrained. As a part of our phenomenological study of the model, we evaluate the branching ratio of the lightest Higgs boson and find that our model predicts a large FCNC mode h -> tc, which can be as large as O(10^{-3}). Similarly, a large BR for the top FCNC decay is obtained, namely B.R.(t -> c + H) \\simeq 10^{-4}
Alfredo Aranda; J. L. Diaz-Cruz; J. Hernandez-Sanchez; R. Noriega-Papaqui
Is there further evidence for spatial variation of fundamental constants?
Indications of spatial variation of the fine-structure constant, {alpha}, based on study of quasar absorption systems have recently been reported [J. K. Webb, J. A. King, M. T. Murphy, V. V. Flambaum, R. F. Carswell, and M. B. Bainbridge, arXiv:1008.3907.]. The physics that causes this {alpha}-variation should have other observable manifestations, and this motivates us to look for complementary astrophysical effects. In this paper we propose a method to test whether spatial variation of fundamental constants existed during the epoch of big bang nucleosynthesis and study existing measurements of deuterium abundance for a signal. We also examine existing quasar absorption spectra data that are sensitive to variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio {mu} and x={alpha}{sup 2{mu}}g{sub p} for spatial variation.
Berengut, J. C.; Flambaum, V. V.; King, J. A.; Curran, S. J.; Webb, J. K. [School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 (Australia)
A Fundamental Study of the Conformational Phase Behavior ...
A Fundamental Study of the Conformational Phase Behavior of Chain Molecules at Interfaces. Summary: Chain molecules ...
Hydrogen Production: Fundamentals and Case Study Summaries (Presentation)
This presentation summarizes hydrogen production fundamentals and case studies, including hydrogen to wind case studies.
Harrison, K.; Remick, R.; Hoskin, A.; Martin, G.
The synchronous active neutron detection system for spent fuel assay
The authors have begun to develop a novel technique for active neutron assay of fissile material in spent nuclear fuel. This approach will exploit the unique operating features of a 14-MeV neutron generator developed by Schlumberger. This generator and a novel detection system will be applied to the direct measurement of the fissile material content in spent fuel in place of the indirect measures used at present. The technique they are investigating is termed synchronous active neutron detection (SAND). It closely follows a method that has been used routinely in other branches of physics to detect very small signals in the presence of large backgrounds. Synchronous detection instruments are widely available commercially and are termed {open_quotes}lock-in{close_quotes} amplifiers. The authors have implemented a digital lock-in amplifier in conjunction with the Schlumberger neutron generator to explore the possibility of synchronous detection with active neutrons. This approach is possible because the Schlumberger system can operate at up to a 50% duty factor, in effect, a square wave of neutron yield. The results to date are preliminary but quite promising. The system is capable of resolving the fissile material contained in a small fraction of the fuel rods in a cold fuel assembly. It also appears to be quite resilient to background neutron interference. The interrogating neutrons appear to be nonthermal and penetrating. Although a significant amount of work remains to fully explore the relevant physics and optimize the instrument design, the underlying concept appears sound.
Pickrell, M.M.; Kendall, P.K.
Physics Portal
... A new calibration service for 14 MeV neutron generators is being developed. The calibrations may be done at NIST or at a customer site, � more. ...
The Neutron Residual Stress Mapping Facility at HFIR | ORNL Neutron...
Neutron Residual Stress Mapping Facility at HFIR Neutron Residual Stress Mapping Facility (HB-2B) Neutron Residual Stress Mapping Facility (HB-2B). The HB-2B beam port is optimized...
Industry banner Industry banner Neutron scattering research has applications in practically every field, and neutron research at ORNL is leading to productive partnerships with the industrial and business communities. We welcome proposals for all types of research, including those involving proprietary work. Recent studies have led to discoveries with potential applications in fields such as medicine, energy, and various metals technologies. For more information, please see our recent research highlights. Research Collaborations Industry-Driven Research Benefits Plastics Manufacturing Corning uses VULCAN to test limits of ceramic material for car emission controls, filtration devices Neutrons Probe Inner Workings of Batteries Industry and Neutron Science: Working To Make a Match
Neutron-detection apparatus
An atomic fission counting apparatus used for neutron detection is provided with spirally curved electrode plates uniformly spaced apart in a circular array and coated with fissile material.
Kopp, M.K.; Valentine, K.H.
Neutron Scattering Web
at neutronsources.org. The information contained here in the Neutron Scattering Web has been transferred to the new site. We will leave the current content here for...
Magnetization of neutron matter
In this paper, we compute magnetization of neutron matter at strong magnetic field using the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) technique.
Bigdeli, M. [Department of Physics, Zanjan University, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Neutron Scattering Facilities
Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA Peruvian Institute of Nuclear Energy (IPEN), Lima, Peru Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA University of...
Neutron Activation Calculator
... and incoherent scattering cross sections). Source neutrons (Ang, meV or m/s), Density (g/cm 3 or lattice), Thickness (cm). ...
Neutron Spin Filters
... many nice scientific results from the use of high intensity polarized neutrons ... Electromagnetic radiation of exactly the right energy can exert a sort of ...
Neutron Scattering Template
Acknowledgements The graphics used on the Neutron Scattering Web Pages were designed by Tami Sharley (Information and Publishing Services Division) and Jack Carpenter (Intense...
Neutrons in Biology, ORNL
Scattering Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Phone: 865.241.2897 SNS Logo HFIR Logo General Information The unique potential of neutron scattering in structural...
Scattering Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Phone: 865.576.2779 SNS Logo HFIR Logo General Information The unique potential of neutron scattering in structural...
Materials Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Phone: 865.241.5176 SNS Logo HFIR Logo General Information The unique potential of neutron scattering in structural...
ORNL Neutron Sciences Publications
at other facilties by Neutron Sciences Directorate staff. We strongly encourage SNS and HFIR users to submit citation information, including URLs, for all publications regarding...
Towards a Neutron Microscope
Towards a Neutron Microscope. Summary: ... The novel lens is a Wolter Optic similar in design to the telescope of the CHANDRA x-ray observatory. ...
NCNR Neutron Spin Filters
... be characterized either by the transmission asymmetry A ... defined to be the transmissions for neutrons ... P sub n, (solid thick line), transmission T sub n ...
Neutron detection apparatus
Kopp, Manfred K. (Oak Ridge, TN); Valentine, Kenneth H. (Lenoir City, TN)
Chemical and Engineering Materials | Neutron Science | ORNL
Chemical and Engineering Materials Chemical and Engineering Materials SHARE Chemical and Engineering Materials Neutron-based research at SNS and HFIR in Chemical and Engineering Materials strives to understand the structure and dynamics of chemical systems and novel engineering materials. The user community takes advantage of capabilities of neutron scattering for measurements over wide ranges of experimental and operating conditions, including studies of chemical and physical changes in situ. User experiments with diffraction, small-angle scattering, inelastic and quasi-elastic scattering, and neutron imaging instruments address a range of problems in chemistry and in engineering materials research. Current areas of research supported within Chemical and Engineering Materials include: The structure and dynamics of electrical energy storage materials
Forecasting neutron star temperatures: predictability and variability
It is now possible to model thermal relaxation of neutron stars after bouts of accretion during which the star is heated out of equilibrium by nuclear reactions in its crust. Major uncertainties in these models can be encapsulated in modest variations of a handful of fudge parameters that change the crustal thermal conductivity, specific heat, and heating rates. Observations of thermal relaxation constrain these fudge parameters and allow us to predict longer term variability in terms of the neutron star core temperature. We demonstrate this explicitly by modeling ongoing thermal relaxation in the neutron star XTE J1701-462. Its future cooling, over the next 5 to 30 years, is strongly constrained and depends mostly on its core temperature, uncertainties in crust physics having essentially been pinned down by fitting to the first three years of observations.
Dany Page; Sanjay Reddy
Neutrons in Soft Matter Science | Education | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Complex Materials on Mesoscopic Scales Neutron in Soft Matter Science flyer The new cyber-enabled collaborative graduate course "Neutrons in Soft Matter Science: Complex...
Neutron Science Facilities Operating Status | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Science Facilities Operating Status High Flux Isotope Reactor The reactor is currently operating at 100% power for fuel cycle 449. Spallation Neutron Source SNS is shutdown...
Electric Dipole Moments of Fundamental Particles
Electric dipole moment (EDM) experiments are at the fore-front of search for physics beyond the standard model. The next generation searches promise to improve by several orders of magnitude the current EDM sensitivity levels.
Yannis K. Semertzidis
Argonne Chemical Sciences & Engineering - Publications - Fundamental...
Moore, K. Bailey, J. Greene, Z.-T. Lu, P. Mueller, T. P. O'Connor, C. Geppert, K. D. A. Wendt, and L. Young: Counting individual 41Ca atoms with a magneto-optical trap. Physical...
FCSD Fy 12 Key Accomplishments. Fundamental Science
Physics 11:12437-12451. DOI: 0.5194acp-11-12437-2011. Sponsors: Department of Energy Office of Science Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing, the National Natural...
2010 Neutron Review: ORNL Neutron Sciences Progress Report
During 2010, the Neutron Sciences Directorate focused on producing world-class science, while supporting the needs of the scientific community. As the instrument, sample environment, and data analysis tools at High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR ) and Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) have grown over the last year, so has promising neutron scattering research. This was an exciting year in science, technology, and operations. Some topics discussed are: (1) HFIR and SNS Experiments Take Gordon Battelle Awards for Scientific Discovery - Battelle Memorial Institute presented the inaugural Gordon Battelle Prizes for scientific discovery and technology impact in 2010. Battelle awards the prizes to recognize the most significant advancements at national laboratories that it manages or co-manages. (2) Discovery of Element 117 - As part of an international team of scientists from Russia and the United States, HFIR staff played a pivotal role in the discovery by generating the berkelium used to produce the new element. A total of six atoms of ''ununseptium'' were detected in a two-year campaign employing HFIR and the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the heavy-ion accelerator capabilities at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. The discovery of the new element expands the understanding of the properties of nuclei at extreme numbers of protons and neutrons. The production of a new element and observation of 11 new heaviest isotopes demonstrate the increased stability of super-heavy elements with increasing neutron numbers and provide the strongest evidence to date for the existence of an island of enhanced stability for super-heavy elements. (3) Studies of Iron-Based High-Temperature Superconductors - ORNL applied its distinctive capabilities in neutron scattering, chemistry, physics, and computation to detailed studies of the magnetic excitations of iron-based superconductors (iron pnictides and chalcogenides), a class of materials discovered in 2008. This research is yielding new insights into the relationship between magnetism and superconductivity and has established several key features of this family of high-temperature superconducting (HTS ) materials: the maximum magnetic field at which they can function, the nature of the electrons involved in the superconductivity, the dependence of the properties upon chemical substitution, and the character of the magnetic fluctuations in the material. The results suggest that despite important differences between these materials and the HTS copper oxides, a universal mechanism may be responsible for the unconventional superconductivity. (4) Coal Sequestration Research: A New Home for Greenhouse Gases - One possibility for slowing down the increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) in the atmosphere is to capture the gas in natural underground features such as coal seams. Critical to the feasibility of this technology is determining how much CO{sub 2} can be stored, no method for which has been found - until now. (5) Accelerator Reliability Passes 92% - In December 2010, SNS set a new record for itself when the accelerator ran at 1 MW with 100% reliability. Target Performance Exceeds All Expectations - The mercury target used at SNS is the first of its kind. During the design and planning for SNS, many people were skeptical that the target would work. In 2010, it was confirmed that the target was working not only well but much better than anyone would have imagined. (6) Changing the World of Data Acquisition - Researchers at SNS are starting to benefit from event-based data analysis. Event data mode captures and stores an individual data set for every single neutron that strikes a detector - precisely when and where the neutron is detected. This technique provides numerous advantages over traditional methods. Event data mode allows researchers to process their data at the highest resolution possible with no loss of data. This method of data collection provides a much more efficient way for users to gather data a
Bardoel, Agatha A [ORNL; Counce, Deborah Melinda [ORNL; Ekkebus, Allen E [ORNL; Horak, Charlie M [ORNL; Nagler, Stephen E [ORNL; Kszos, Lynn A [ORNL
DOE fundamentals handbook: Chemistry. Volume 2
DOE fundamentals handbook: Chemistry. Volume 1
Charged fundamental particles in Wesson's IMT
In the framework of the Weyl-Dirac version of Wesson's Induced Matter Theory, spherically symmetric entities filled with an electrically charged substance are obtained in the empty 4D space-time, the brane. The substance, characterized by mass and charge density as well by pressure, is induced by the 5D bulk. The entity is separated from the surrounding vacuum by a boundary surface, where the metric satisfy the Schwarzschild conditions. Outside one has the Reissner-Nordstroem metric with M=Q. These entities may be regarded as classical (non-quantum) fundamental particles serving as constituents of quarks and leptons.
Mark Israelit
Fundamental limits on NOx reduction by plasma
This paper discusses the gas-phase reaction mechanisms for removal of NO{sub x} in a plasma. The effect of oxygen content on the competition between the reduction and oxidation processes is discussed. The effect of the electron kinetic energy distribution on the radical production and subsequent chemistry is then discussed in order to predict the best performance that can be achieved for NO{sub x} reduction using the plasma alone. The fundamental limit on the minimum electrical energy consumption that will be required to implement NO{sub x} reduction in any type of plasma reactor is established.
Penetrante, B. M., LLNL
Directional Response of Microstructure Solid State Thermal Neutron Detectors Justin Dingleya
A STUDY OF THE SAL NEUTRON DETECTOR EFFICIENCY USING PHOTODISINTEGRATION OF THE DEUTERON A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W0 i #12;Abstract
Physics Department
Find people (by last name) Go Advanced search Physics Home High Energy & Nuclear Physics Directorate Research Current Research Areas BNL Physics Timeline Administrative...
BABAR Physics
Physics A BABAR event display. BABAR physics results span a broad range of topics, including B, charm, and tau physics; CP violation; precision CKM measurements; charmonium and...
painless physics
Division Head RF August 30, 1996 By Pat Colestock, Accelerator Division FIXED TARGET PHYSICS September 20, 1996 By Peter H. Garbincius, Physics Section FIXED TARGET PHYSICS PART...
Neutronic Aspects and Recent Experimental Results with ...
... Neutronic Aspects and Recent Experimental Results with Methane Moderators at IUCF Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS). ...
Demonstration of a solid deuterium source of ultra-cold neutrons
Ultra-cold neutrons (UCN), neutrons with energies low enough to be confined by the Fermi potential in material bottles, are playing an increasing role in measurements of fundamental properties of the neutron. The ability to manipulate UCN with material guides and bottles, magnetic fields, and gravity can lead to experiments with lower systematic errors than have been obtained in experiments with cold neutron beams. The UCN densities provided by existing reactor sources limit these experiments. The promise of much higher densities from solid deuterium sources has led to proposed facilities coupled to both reactor and spallation neutron sources. In this paper we report on the performance of a prototype spallation neutron-driven solid deuterium source. This source produced bottled UCN densities of 145 +/-7 UCN/cm3, about three times greater than the largest bottled UCN densities previously reported. These results indicate that a production UCN source with substantially higher densities should be possible.
A. Saunders; J. M. Anaya; T. J. Bowles; B. W. Filippone; P. Geltenbort; R. E. Hill; M. Hino; S. Hoedl; G. E. Hogan; T. M. Ito; K. W. Jones; T. Kawai; K. Kirch; S. K. Lamoreaux; C. -Y. Liu; M. Makela; L. J. Marek; J. W. Martin; C. L. Morris; R. N. Mortensen; A. Pichlmaier; S. J. Seestrom; A. Serebrov; D. Smith; W. Teasdale; B. Tipton; R. B. Vogelaar; A. R. Young; J. Yuan
Combinatorial evaluation of systems including decomposition of a system representation into fundamental cycles
One embodiment of the present invention includes a computer operable to represent a physical system with a graphical data structure corresponding to a matroid. The graphical data structure corresponds to a number of vertices and a number of edges that each correspond to two of the vertices. The computer is further operable to define a closed pathway arrangement with the graphical data structure and identify each different one of a number of fundamental cycles by evaluating a different respective one of the edges with a spanning tree representation. The fundamental cycles each include three or more of the vertices.
Oliveira, Joseph S. (Richland, WA); Jones-Oliveira, Janet B. (Richland, WA); Bailey, Colin G. (Wellington, NZ); Gull, Dean W. (Seattle, WA)