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Determining Cloud Ice Water Path from High-Frequency Microwave...
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Determining Cloud Ice Water Path from High-Frequency Microwave Measurements G. Liu Department of Meteorology Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida Introduction A better...
Microwave accelerator E-beam pumped laser
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A device and method for pumping gaseous lasers by means of a microwave accelerator. The microwave accelerator produces a relativistic electron beam which is applied along the longitudinal axis of the laser through an electron beam window. The incident points of the electron beam on the electron beam window are varied by deflection coils to enhance the cooling characteristics of the foil. A thyratron is used to reliably modulate the microwave accelerator to produce electron beam pulses which excite the laser medium to produce laser pulse repetition frequencies not previously obtainable. An aerodynamic window is also disclosed which eliminates foil heating problems, as well as a magnetic bottle for reducing laser cavity length and pressures while maintaining efficient energy deposition.
Brau, Charles A. (Los Alamos, NM); Stein, William E. (Los Alamos, NM); Rockwood, Stephen D. (Los Alamos, NM)
Quantitative Measurements of Path-Integrated Rain Rate by an Airborne Microwave Radiometer over the Ocean
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Data on the airborne microwave radiometer, which is one of the sensors of the airborne microwave rain-scatterometer/radiometer (AMRS) system, are analyzed to infer path-integrated rain rate measured from topside. The equation of radiative ...
Masaharu Fujita; Ken'ichi Okamoto; Harunobu Masuko; Takeyuki Ojima; Nobuyoshi Fugono
Ice Water Path Estimation and Characterization Using Passive Microwave Radiometry
Microwave emission emerging from a precipitating cloud top and lying in a radiometer's field of view represents the culmination of a complex interaction between emitted microwave radiation and its ongoing extinction through overlapping regions of ...
J. Vivekanandan; J. Turk; V. N. Bringi
Electron beam collector for a microwave power tube
This invention relates to a cylindrical, electron beam collector that efficiently couples the microwave energy out of a high power microwave source while stopping the attendant electron beam. The interior end walls of the collector are a pair of facing parabolic mirrors and the microwave energy from an input horn is radiated between the two mirrors and reassembled at the entrance to the output waveguide where the transmitted mode is reconstructed. The mode transmission through the collector of the present invention has an efficiency of at least 94%.
Dandl, Raphael A. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Microwave Power Beaming Infrastructure for Manned Lightcraft Operations: Part 2
SciTech Connect
In the past {approx}7 years, microwave gyrotron technology has rapidly evolved to a critical threshold wherein ultra-energetic space launch missions based on beamed energy propulsion (BEP) now appear eminently feasible. Over the next 20 years, hundred megawatt-class microwave power-beaming stations could be prototyped on high deserts and 3- to 4 km mountain peaks before migrating into low Earth orbit, along with their passive microwave relay satellites. Described herein is a 20 GW rechargeable nuclear power satellite and microwave power-beaming infrastructure designed for manned space launch operations in the year 2025. The technological readiness of 2500 GJ superconducting magnetic energy storage 'batteries', 433-m ultralight space structures, 100 MW liquid droplet radiators, 1-6+ MW gyrotron sources, and mega-scale arrays (e.g., 3000 phase-locked units) is addressed. Microwave BEP is 'breakthrough' technology with the very real potential to radically reduce space access costs by factors of 100 to 1000 in the forseeable future.
Myrabo, Leik N. [Lightcraft Technologies, Inc., Bennington, VT (United States)
RAPIDD Gives ALS Users a Faster Path to Beam Time
RAPIDD Gives ALS Users a Faster RAPIDD Gives ALS Users a Faster Path to Beam Time RAPIDD Gives ALS Users a Faster Path to Beam Time Print Monday, 28 October 2013 08:31 ALS users are invited to check out our web pages detailing our new RAPIDD proposal process. This combined process for Rapid Access Proposals, Industry, and Director's Discretion beam time accommodates users who require limited but rapid access to the ALS. Proposals may be submitted at any time. RAPIDD complements the existing six-month General User Proposal process, which remains the access mechanism of choice for users who require significant beam time for an extended program of research, or for those wanting to perform complex experiments involving setup or reorganization of equipment at a beamline. The ALS structural biology community has been using RAPIDD for a year, with 160 proposals receiving beam time in that period. As of July 2013, RAPIDD access was extended to beamlines 7.3.3 (SAXS/WAXS), 8.3.2 (microtomography) and 11.3.1 (small molecule crystallography) and to users from industrial groups.
SPS ionosphere/microwave beam interactions: Arecibo experimental studies
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The purpose of this program is to determine the environmental impacts associated with the operation of the proposed SPS microwave power transmission system. It is expected that thermal effects will provide the dominant force driving the nonlinear ionosphere/microwave beam interactions. Collisional damping of radio waves, producing ohmic heating of the ionospheric plasma, depends inversely on the square of the radio wave frequency. Therefore, equivalent heating and equivalent thermal forces can be generated at lower radiated power densities by using lower radio wave frequencies. This principle is fundamental to a large part of the experimental program. An understanding of the physics of the specific interactions excited by the SPS microwave beam is also an important part of the assessment program. This program is designed to determine instability thresholds, the growth rates and spatial extent of the resultant ionospheric disturbances, and the frequency and power dependences of the interactions. How these interactions are affected by variations in the natural ionospheric conditions, how different instabilities occurring simultaneously may affect each other, and how distinct microwave beams might mutually interact are studied. Status of the program is described. (WHK)
Duncan, L.M.
History of the Pulsed Power, Beams, and Microwaves Laboratory The Directed Energy Microwave Laboratory is a 4100 square foot facility located in
E-Print Network (OSTI)
History of the Pulsed Power, Beams, and Microwaves Laboratory The Directed Energy Microwave of the Directed Energy Microwave Laboratory is to: · educate MS and PhD scientists and engineers
Sen, Pradeep
Cloud Liquid Water Path from Satellite-Based Passive Microwave Observations: A New Climatology over the Global Oceans
This work describes a new climatology of cloud liquid water path (LWP), termed the University of Wisconsin (UWisc) climatology, derived from 18 yr of satellite-based passive microwave observations over the global oceans. The climatology is based ...
Christopher W. O�Dell; Frank J. Wentz; Ralf Bennartz
High-Power Microwave Switch Employing Electron Beam Triggering
A high-power active microwave pulse compressor is described that modulates the quality factor Q of the energy storage cavity by a new means involving mode conversion controlled by a triggered electron-beam discharge through a switch cavity. The electron beam is emitted from a diamond-coated molybdenum cathode. This report describes the principle of operation, the design of the switch, the configuration used for the test, and the experimental results. The pulse compressor produced output pulses with 140 - �?�?165 MW peak power, power gain of 16 - 20, and pulse duration of 16 - 20 ns at a frequency of 11.43 GHz.
Jay L. Hirshfield
Validation of Satellite-Derived Liquid Water Paths Using ARM SGP Microwave Radiometers
Satellite-Derived Liquid Water Paths Using Satellite-Derived Liquid Water Paths Using ARM SGP Microwave Radiometers M. M. Khaiyer and J. Huang Analytical Services & Materials, Inc. Hampton, Virginia P. Minnis, B. Lin, and W. L. Smith, Jr. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia A. Fan Science Applications International Corporation Hampton, Virginia A. Rapp Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Introduction Satellites are useful for monitoring climatological parameters over large domains. They are especially useful for measuring various cloud microphysical and radiative parameters where ground-based instruments are not available. The geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) has been used to retrieve cloud and radiative properties over an extended domain centered on the Atmospheric
A beam splitter to create two separated parallel beams is a critical unit of a pencil beam interferometer, for example the long trace profiler (LTP). The operating principle of the beam splitter can be based upon either amplitude-splitting (AS) or wavefront-splitting (WS). For precision measurements with the LTP, an equal optical path system with two parallel beams is desired. Frequency drift of the light source in a non-equal optical path system will cause the interference fringes to drift. An equal optical path prism beam splitter with an amplitude-splitting (AS-EBS) beam splitter and a phase shift beam splitter with a wavefront-splitting (WS-PSBS) are introduced. These beam splitters are well suited to the stability requirement for a pencil beam interferometer due to the characteristics of monolithic structure and equal optical path. Several techniques to produce WS-PSBS by hand are presented. In addition, the WS-PSBS using double thin plates, made from microscope cover plates, has great advantages of economy, convenience, availability and ease of adjustment over other beam splitting methods. Comparison of stability measurements made with the AS-EBS, WS-PSBS, and other beam splitters is presented.
High Power Microwave Switch Employing Electron Beam Triggering
A new type of switch for modulation of the Q-factor of a multi-mode storage resonator in a high-power active microwave pulse compressor is described. The operating principle of the switch is based on a sharp increase in the TE{sub 02{yields}}TE{sub 01} coupling coefficient, when an electron beam is injected into the switch cavity. The switch was tested at low power level in a compressor operated at X-band. A power gain of 19-20 in the compressed pulse with pulse duration of 40-50 ns was achieved. The proposed switch shows good prospects for use in high-power active pulse compressors.
Ivanov, O. A.; Vikharev, A. L. [Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, 603600 (Russian Federation); Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (United States); Isaev, V. A.; Lobaev, M. A. [Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, 603600 (Russian Federation); Hirshfield, J. L. [Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (United States); Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (United States)
Accurate Liquid Water Path Retrieval from Low-Cost Microwave Radiometers Using Additional Information from a Lidar Ceilometer and Operational Forecast Models
Water clouds have an important impact on the radiative balance of the earth. The use of ground-based dual-frequency microwave radiometers to derive both liquid water path (LWP) and water vapor path (WVP) is well established, but uncertainties ...
Nicolas Gaussiat; Robin J. Hogan; Anthony J. Illingworth
Future Linear Colliders have hard requirements for the beam transverse position stability in the accelerator. A beam Position Monitor (BPM) with the resolution better than 0.1 micron in the single bunch regime is needed to control the stability of the beam position along the linac. Proposed BPM is based on the measurement of the asymmetrical mode excited by single bunch in the cavity. Four stages of signal processing (space-, time-, frequency- and phase-filtering providing the required signal-to-noise ratio) are used to obtain extremely high resolution. The measurement set-up was designed by BINP and installed at ATF/BNL to test experimentally this concept. The set-up includes three two-coordinates BPM's at the frequency of 13.566 GHz, and reference intensity/phase cavity. BPM's were mounted on support table. The two-coordinates movers allow to move and align BPM's along the straight line, using the signals from the beam. The position of each monitor is controlled by the sensors with the accuracy 0.03 micron. The information from three monitors allows to exclude angle and position jitter of the beam and measure BPM resolution. In the experiments the resolution of about 0.15 micron for 0.25 nC beam intensity was obtained, that is close to the value required.
Retrieval of Cloud Ice Water Path from Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS)
The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F-16 spacecraft measures the Earth-emitted radiation at frequencies from 19 to 183 GHz. From its high-frequency channels at 91 and 150 GHz, ...
Ninghai Sun; Fuzhong Weng
CANCELLED Microwave Ion Source and Beam Injection for anAccelerator-Driven Neut ron Source
An over-dense microwave driven ion source capable of producing deuterium (or hydrogen) beams at 100-200 mA/cm{sup 2} and with atomic fraction > 90% was designed and tested with an electrostatic low energy beam transport section (LEBT). This ion source was incorporated into the design of an Accelerator Driven Neutron Source (ADNS). The other key components in the ADNS include a 6 MeV RFQ accelerator, a beam bending and scanning system, and a deuterium gas target. In this design a 40 mA D{sup +} beam is produced from a 6 mm diameter aperture using a 60 kV extraction voltage. The LEBT section consists of 5 electrodes arranged to form 2 Einzel lenses that focus the beam into the RFQ entrance. To create the ECR condition, 2 induction coils are used to create {approx} 875 Gauss on axis inside the source chamber. To prevent HV breakdown in the LEBT a magnetic field clamp is necessary to minimize the field in this region. Matching of the microwave power from the waveguide to the plasma is done by an autotuner. They observed significant improvement of the beam quality after installing a boron nitride liner inside the ion source. The measured emittance data are compared with PBGUNS simulations.
Vainionpaa, J.H.; Gough, R.; Hoff, M.; Kwan, J.W.; Ludewigt,B.A.; Regis, M.J.; Wallig, J.G.; Wells, R.
A comparison of fluctuation spectra from microwave scattering and beam emission spectroscopy on TFTR (abstract)
A comparison of fluctuation spectra from both microwave scattering and beam emission spectroscopy (BES) on TFTR has been done at similar values of {ital k} and in a plasma in which the toroidal rotation and density profile have been well characterized. The two systems measure somewhat different values of {ital k} ({ital k}{lt}1.5 cm{sup {minus}1} for BES and {ital k}{gt}2.5 cm{sup {minus}1} for microwave scattering) and average over somewhat different regions of space (2--3 cm for BES and 30--40 cm for microwave scattering). As a result, the observed spectra can be different because of intrinsic differences in {vert bar}{l angle}{delta}{ital n}{sub {ital e}}({ital k}){r angle}{vert bar}{sup 2} and because the spectra are affected differently by plasma rotation. Nevertheless, when beam induced toroidal plasma rotation is known or is minimized and the two systems are looking at similar spatial locations, the results from the two systems are similar and respond in the expected way to changes in toroidal rotation. A detailed discussion of several model cases will be presented.
Bretz, N.; Paul, S.; Nazikian, R.; Synakowski, E. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543 (United States)); Fonck, R.; Durst, R. (Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States))
Monitoring of Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Path from Scanning Microwave Radiometers During the 2003 Cloudiness Inter-Comparison Experiment
Monitoring of Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Monitoring of Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Path from Scanning Microwave Radiometers During the 2003 Cloudiness Inter-Comparison Experiment V. Mattioli Department of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Perugia Perugia, Italy E. R. Westwater Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado V. Morris Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington Introduction Ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) are widely used to measure atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) and cloud liquid path (CLP). Comparisons of PWV derived from MWRs with water vapor retrievals from instruments like radiosondes, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Raman
Linear permittivity tapering in a Cerenkov microwave source with a pre-bunched beam
Cerenkov microwave sources use a dielectric-lined waveguide to reduce the velocity of the electromagnetic wave and provide efficient energy transfer between the wave and the driving electron beam. Tapering the permittivity of the dielectric to maintain synchronism between the beam and the wave as the beam loses energy can increase the efficiency of these devices. Here, we consider such a structure driven by an electron beam with a harmonic density perturbation. Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations and a macro-particle model based on the slowly varying envelope approximation are first used to examine an un-tapered baseline case. PIC simulations of the source with linear tapers over the entire amplifier length as well as over only a section of the amplifier where the beam executes synchrotron oscillations are examined. The efficiency for the baseline un-tapered source is 18%, while efficiencies up to approximately 48% are found using a taper in dielectric permittivity. Results of the best performing cases are presented. Detailed examination of longitudinal phase space, particle energy distributions, evolution of longitudinal wavenumber, and phase dynamics are presented from the PIC simulations.
Poole, B. R. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 (United States); Harris, J. R. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 (United States)
MWRRET Value-Added Product: The Retrieval of Liquid Water Path and Precipitable Water Vapor from Microwave Radiometer (MWR) Data Sets (Revision 2)
This report provides a short description of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility microwave radiometer (MWR) Retrieval (MWRRET) value-added product (VAP) algorithm. This algorithm utilizes a complementary physical retrieval method and applies brightness temperature offsets to reduce spurious liquid water path (LWP) bias in clear skies resulting in significantly improved precipitable water vapor (PWV) and LWP retrievals. We present a general overview of the technique, input parameters, output products, and describe data quality checks. A more complete discussion of the theory and results is given in Turner et al. (2007b).
Gaustad, KL; Turner, DD; McFarlane, SA
On the Passage of Gaussian Beams through Cusps in Ray Paths
6 Glossary Of Notation . . . . . . . . . . .beam techniques. CHAPTER 6 Glossary Of Notation Conventions
Tiruviluamala, Neelesh
Plasma and Beam Production Experiments with HYBRIS, a Microwave-assisted H- Ion
Beam Results Obtained with the SNS H- Ion Source and LEBT atgenerator and coupled to an SNS-type multi-cusp H - ionin the present version of the SNS ion source. Initial tests
Keller, R. AUTHOR-Kwan, S.; Hahto, S.; Regis, M.; Wallig, J.
Microwave plasma source for neutral-beam injection systems. Quarterly technical progress report
The overall program is described and the technical and programmatic reasons for the decision to pursue both the RFI and ECH sources into the current hydrogen test stage is discussed. We consider the general characteristics of plasma sources in the parameter regime of interest for neutral beam applications. The operatonal characteristics, advantages and potential problems of RFI and ECH sources are discussed. In these latter two sections we rely heavily on experience derived from developing RFI and ECH ion engine sources for NASA.
Not Available
Microwave hemorrhagic stroke detector
The microwave hemorrhagic stroke detector includes a low power pulsed microwave transmitter with a broad-band antenna for producing a directional beam of microwaves, an index of refraction matching cap placed over the patients head, and an array of broad-band microwave receivers with collection antennae. The system of microwave transmitter and receivers are scanned around, and can also be positioned up and down the axis of the patients head. The microwave hemorrhagic stroke detector is a completely non-invasive device designed to detect and localize blood pooling and clots or to measure blood flow within the head or body. The device is based on low power pulsed microwave technology combined with specialized antennas and tomographic methods. The system can be used for rapid, non-invasive detection of blood pooling such as occurs with hemorrhagic stoke in human or animal patients as well as for the detection of hemorrhage within a patient's body.
Haddad, Waleed S. (Dublin, CA); Trebes, James E. (Livermore, CA)
High power microwave generator
A microwave generator efficiently converts the energy of an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) into a high-power microwave emission using the Smith-Purcell effect which is related to Cerenkov radiation. Feedback for efficient beam bunching and high gain is obtained by placing a cylindrical Smith-Purcell transmission grating on the axis of a toroidal resonator. High efficiency results from the use of a thin cold annular highly-magnetized REB that is closely coupled to the resonant structure.
Ekdahl, C.A.
Ekdahl, Carl A. (Albuquerque, NM)
Microwave fluid flow meter
A microwave fluid flow meter is described utilizing two spaced microwave sensors positioned along a fluid flow path. Each sensor includes a microwave cavity having a frequency of resonance dependent upon the static pressure of the fluid at the sensor locations. The resonant response of each cavity with respect to a variation in pressure of the monitored fluid is represented by a corresponding electrical output which can be calibrated into a direct pressure reading. The pressure drop between sensor locations is then correlated as a measure of fluid velocity. In the preferred embodiment the individual sensor cavities are strategically positioned outside the path of fluid flow and are designed to resonate in two distinct frequency modes yielding a measure of temperature as well as pressure. The temperature response can then be used in correcting for pressure responses of the microwave cavity encountered due to temperature fluctuations.
Billeter, Thomas R. (Richland, WA); Philipp, Lee D. (Richland, WA); Schemmel, Richard R. (Lynchburg, VA)
Path 15
Operations > Transmission Planning > Path 15 Path 15 Pictures and Videos Jan 04 Feb 04 Mar 04 Apr 04 May 04 Jun 04 Jul 04 Aug 04 Mar 06 Path 15 is an 84-mile stretch of electrical...
The Concept of a Microwave Radar with an Asymmetric Knifelike Beam for the Remote Sensing of Ocean Waves
The features of near-nadir probing of the ocean surface from a satellite are investigated, and a new configuration of a microwave radar for the surface slopes measurement is proposed. Numerical modeling is used to examine the feasibility of a ...
V. Yu Karaev; M. B. Kanevsky; G. N. Balandina; P. Challenor; C. Gommenginger; M. Srokosz
Gigatron microwave amplifier
An electron tube for achieving high power at high frequency with high efficiency, including an input coupler, a ribbon-shaped electron beam and a traveling wave output coupler. The input coupler is a lumped constant resonant circuit that modulates a field emitter array cathode at microwave frequency. A bunched ribbon electron beam is emitted from the cathode in periodic bursts at the desired frequency. The beam has a ribbon configuration to eliminate limitations inherent in round beam devices. The traveling wave coupler efficiently extracts energy from the electron beam, and includes a waveguide with a slot therethrough for receiving the electron beam. The ribbon beam is tilted at an angle with respect to the traveling wave coupler so that the electron beam couples in-phase with the traveling wave in the waveguide. The traveling wave coupler thus extracts energy from the electron beam over the entire width of the beam.
McIntyre, Peter M. (611 Montclair, College Station, TX 77840)
An electron tube for achieving high power at high frequency with high efficiency is described, including an input coupler, a ribbon-shaped electron beam and a traveling wave output coupler. The input coupler is a lumped constant resonant circuit that modulates a field emitter array cathode at microwave frequency. A bunched ribbon electron beam is emitted from the cathode in periodic bursts at the desired frequency. The beam has a ribbon configuration to eliminate limitations inherent in round beam devices. The traveling wave coupler efficiently extracts energy from the electron beam, and includes a waveguide with a slot there through for receiving the electron beam. The ribbon beam is tilted at an angle with respect to the traveling wave coupler so that the electron beam couples in-phase with the traveling wave in the waveguide. The traveling wave coupler thus extracts energy from the electron beam over the entire width of the beam.
McIntyre, P.M.
Emitron: microwave diode
The invention comprises a new class of device, driven by electron or other charged particle flow, for producing coherent microwaves by utilizing the interaction of electromagnetic waves with electron flow in diodes not requiring an external magnetic field. Anode and cathode surfaces are electrically charged with respect to one another by electron flow, for example caused by a Marx bank voltage source or by other charged particle flow, for example by a high energy charged particle beam. This produces an electric field which stimulates an emitted electron beam to flow in the anode-cathode region. The emitted electrons are accelerated by the electric field and coherent microwaves are produced by the three dimensional spatial and temporal interaction of the accelerated electrons with geometrically allowed microwave modes which results in the bunching of the electrons and the pumping of at least one dominant microwave mode.
Craig, G.D.; Pettibone, J.S.; Drobot, A.T.
Use of an Electron Beam for Stochastic Cooling
Microwave instability of an electron beam can be used for a multiple increase in the collective response for the perturbation caused by a particle of a co-moving ion beam, i.e. for enhancement of friction force in electron cooling method. The low scale (hundreds GHz and higher frequency range) space charge or FEL type instabilities can be produced (depending on conditions) by introducing an alternating magnetic fields along the electron beam path. Beams� optics and noise conditioning for obtaining a maximal cooling effect and related limitations will be discussed. The method promises to increase by a few orders of magnitude the cooling rate for heavy particle beams with a large emittance for a wide energy range with respect to either electron and conventional stochastic cooling.
Yaroslave Derbenev
Microwave detector
A microwave detector is provided for measuring the envelope shape of a microwave pulse comprised of high-frequency oscillations. A biased ferrite produces a magnetization field flux that links a B-dot loop. The magnetic field of the microwave pulse participates in the formation of the magnetization field flux. High-frequency insensitive means are provided for measuring electric voltage or current induced in the B-dot loop. The recorded output of the detector is proportional to the time derivative of the square of the envelope shape of the microwave pulse.
Meldner, H.W.; Cusson, R.Y.; Johnson, R.M.
A microwave detector (10) is provided for measuring the envelope shape of a microwave pulse comprised of high-frequency oscillations. A biased ferrite (26, 28) produces a magnetization field flux that links a B-dot loop (16, 20). The magnetic field of the microwave pulse participates in the formation of the magnetization field flux. High-frequency insensitive means (18, 22) are provided for measuring electric voltage or current induced in the B-dot loop. The recorded output of the detector is proportional to the time derivative of the square of the envelope shape of the microwave pulse.
Meldner, Heiner W. (Moss Beach, CA); Cusson, Ronald Y. (Chapel Hill, NC); Johnson, Ray M. (San Ramon, CA)
Retrieval of Ice Cloud Parameters Using a Microwave Imaging Radiometer
Based on the radiative transfer theory, the microwave radiance emanating from ice clouds at arbitrary viewing angles is expressed as an analytic function of the cloud ice water path (IWP), the particle effective diameter (De), and the particle ...
Fuzhong Weng; Norman C. Grody
Microwave emissions from police radar
The purpose of this study was to evaluate police officers exposures to microwaves emitted by traffic radar units at the ocular and testicular level. Additionally, comparisons were made of the radar manufacturers published maximum power density specifications and actual measured power densities taken at the antenna face of those units. Four different speed enforcement agencies and one transportation research institute provided fifty four different radar units for evaluation. Of those units, nine dash mounted. five rear mounted, and three hand held models were included. During this study, only four of the 986 measurements taken exceeded the American National Standards Institute(ANSI) limit of 5 MW/CM2 , and none exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH), Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers(IEEE), or Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) standard of 10 MW/CM2 . None of the 812 measurements taken at the officers seated ocular and testicular positions exceeded .04 MW/CM2. In fact, the highest reading observed in the drivers' position was .034 MW/CM2 taken at the 5th percentile testicular level, less than 1% of the lowest current safety standard. Because of the confusion that exists in the medical and scientific communities concerning non-ionizing radiation, the extent of health risks associated with long term exposure to police radar is not yet known. Until science has indisputably proven that long term, low power exposure is not harmful, it is recommended that police departments take steps to limit officer exposure. There are several ways that police departments can limit exposure cheaply and with minimal effort. The purchasing department should first consider radar units with the lowest published maximum power densities. New hand held radar units should not be purchased because they leave open the opportunity for operators to place their bodies in the radar beam path. Purchasing units whose antennae mount outside the patrol vehicle will also lower exposure to microwaves. Finally, training that stresses the importance of using the radar units' stand-by mode when not actually monitoring traffic will further limit exposure.
Fink, John Michael
Beam position monitor
An apparatus for determining the position of an x-ray beam relative to a desired beam axis where the apparatus is positioned along the beam path so that a thin metal foil target intersects the x-ray beam generating fluorescent radiation. A PIN diode array is positioned so that a portion of the fluorescent radiation is intercepted by the array resulting in a series of electrical signals from the PIN diodes making up the array. The signals are then analyzed and the position of the x-ray beam is determined relative to the desired beam path.
Alkire, Randy W.; Rosenbaum, Gerold; Evans, Gwyndaf
Microwave furnace having microwave compatible dilatometer
An apparatus for measuring and monitoring a change in the dimension of a sample being heated by microwave energy is described. The apparatus comprises a microwave heating device for heating a sample by microwave energy, a microwave compatible dilatometer for measuring and monitoring a change in the dimension of the sample being heated by microwave energy without leaking microwaves out of the microwave heating device, and a temperature determination device for measuring and monitoring the temperature of the sample being heated by microwave energy. 2 figs.
Kimrey, H.D. Jr.; Janney, M.A.; Ferber, M.K.
Errors and Uncertainties in Microwave Link Rainfall Estimation Explored Using Drop Size Measurements and High-Resolution Radar Data
Microwave links can be used for the estimation of path-averaged rainfall by using either the path-integrated attenuation or the difference in attenuation of two signals with different frequencies and/or polarizations. Link signals have been ...
Hidde Leijnse; Remko Uijlenhoet; Alexis Berne
Laser beam alignment apparatus and method
The disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for laser beam alignment. Thermoelectric properties of a disc in a laser beam path are used to provide an indication of beam alignment and/or automatic laser alignment.
Gruhn, Charles R. (Martinez, CA); Hammond, Robert B. (Los Alamos, NM)
Microwave assisted hard rock cutting
An apparatus for the sequential fracturing and cutting of subsurface volume of hard rock (102) in the strata (101) of a mining environment (100) by subjecting the volume of rock to a beam (25) of microwave energy to fracture the subsurface volume of rock by differential expansion; and , then bringing the cutting edge (52) of a piece of conventional mining machinery (50) into contact with the fractured rock (102).
Lindroth, David P. (Apple Valley, MN); Morrell, Roger J. (Bloomington, MN); Blair, James R. (Inver Grove Heights, MN)
Simple microwave field imaging technique using hot atomic vapor cells
We demonstrate a simple technique for microwave field imaging using alkali atoms in a vapor cell. The microwave field to be measured drives Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions, which are detected in a spatially resolved way using a laser beam and a CCD camera. Our vapor cell geometry enables single-shot recording of two-dimensional microwave field images with 350 {\\mu}m spatial resolution. Using microfabricated vapor cell arrays, a resolution of a few micrometers seems feasible. All vector components of the microwave magnetic field can be imaged. Our apparatus is simple and compact and does not require cryogenics or ultra-high vacuum.
B�hi, Pascal
We demonstrate a simple technique for microwave field imaging using alkali atoms in a vapor cell. The microwave field to be measured drives Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions, which are detected in a spatially resolved way using a laser beam and a camera. Our vapor cell geometry enables single-shot recording of two-dimensional microwave field images with 350 {\\mu}m spatial resolution. Using microfabricated vapor cell arrays, a resolution of a few micrometers seems feasible. All vector components of the microwave magnetic field can be imaged. Our apparatus is simple and compact and does not require cryogenics or ultra-high vacuum.
Pascal B�hi; Philipp Treutlein
Retrieval of Ice Cloud Parameters Using the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
An algorithm is developed to derive cloud ice water path (IWP) and ice particle effective diameters De from the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) measurements. In the algorithm, both IWP and De are related to the ice particle scattering ...
Limin Zhao; Fuzhong Weng
E-beam ionized channel guiding of an intense relativistic electron beam
An Intense Relativistic Electron Beam (IREB) is guided through a curved path by ionizing a channel in a gas with electrons from a filament, and confining the electrons to the center of the path with a magnetic field extending along the path. The magnetic field is preferably generated by a solenoid extending along the path.
Frost, C.A.; Godfrey, B.B.; Kiekel, P.D.; Shope, S.L.
Validation of Cloud Liquid Water Path Retrievals from SEVIRI Using One Year of CloudNET Observations
The accuracy and precision are determined of cloud liquid water path (LWP) retrievals from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat-8 using 1 yr of LWP retrievals from microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements of ...
R. A. Roebeling; H. M. Deneke; A. J. Feijt
A probe is described for intercepting a desired portion of a beam of charged particles and for indicating the spatial disposition of the beam. The disclosed probe assembly includes a pair of pivotally mounted vanes moveable into a single plane with adjacent edges joining and a calibrated mechanical arrangement for pivoting the vancs apart. When the probe is disposed in the path of a charged particle beam, the vanes may be adjusted according to the beam current received in each vane to ascertain the dimension of the beam.
Chesterman, A.W.
Boiling Water in Microwave
Boiling Water in Microwave A 26-year old man decided to have a cup of coffee. He took a cup of water and put it in the microwave to heat it up (something that he had done numerous...
Microwave Radiometer (MWR) Handbook
The Microwave Radiometer (MWR) provides time-series measurements of column-integrated amounts of water vapor and liquid water. The instrument itself is essentially a sensitive microwave receiver. That is, it is tuned to measure the microwave emissions of the vapor and liquid water molecules in the atmosphere at specific frequencies.
Morris, VR
Laser beam alignment system
A plurality of pivotal reflectors direct a high-power laser beam onto a workpiece, and a rotatable reflector is movable to a position wherein it intercepts the beam and deflects a major portion thereof away from its normal path, the remainder of the beam passing to the pivotal reflectors through an aperture in the rotating reflector. A plurality of targets are movable to positions intercepting the path of light traveling to the pivotal reflectors, and a preliminary adjustment of the latter is made by use of a low-power laser beam reflected from the rotating reflector, after which the same targets are used to make a final adjustment of the pivotal reflectors with the portion of the high-power laser beam passed through the rotating reflector.
Kasner, William H. (11686 Althea Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15235); Racki, Daniel J. (712 Union Cemetery Rd., Greensburg, PA 15601); Swenson, Clark E. (228 Scott Dr., Monroeville, PA 15146)
Method and apparatus for stabilizing pulsed microwave amplifiers
Phase and amplitude variations at the output of a high power pulsed microwave amplifier arising from instabilities of the driving electron beam are suppressed with a feed-forward system that can stabilize pulses which are too brief for regulation by conventional feedback techniques. Such variations tend to be similar during successive pulses. The variations are detected during each pulse by comparing the amplifier output with the low power input signal to obtain phase and amplitude error signals. This enables storage of phase and amplitude correction signals which are used to make compensating changes in the low power input signal during the following amplifier output pulse which suppress the variations. In the preferred form of the invention, successive increments of the correction signals for each pulse are stored in separate channels of a multi-channel storage. Sequential readout of the increments during the next pulse provides variable control voltages to a voltage controlled phase shifter and voltage controlled amplitude modulator in the amplifier input signal path.
Hopkins, Donald B. (Sacramento, CA)
Urban Song Paths: place resounding
The project Urban Song Paths took a traditional musical form, the Kaluli song path from Papua, New Guinea, and translated it for a contemporary urban situation. The Two Rivers Project explored a classic song path subject, the route of a ...
Viv Corringham
Compact microwave ion source for industrial applications
A 2.45 GHz microwave ion source for ion implanters has many good properties for industrial application, such as easy maintenance and long lifetime, and it should be compact for budget and space. But, it has a dc current supply for the solenoid and a rf generator for plasma generation. Usually, they are located on high voltage platform because they are electrically connected with beam extraction power supply. Using permanent magnet solenoid and multi-layer dc break, high voltage deck and high voltage isolation transformer can be eliminated, and the dose rate on targets can be controlled by pulse duty control with semiconductor high voltage switch. Because the beam optics does not change, beam transfer components, such as focusing elements and beam shutter, can be eliminated. It has shown the good performances in budget and space for industrial applications of ion beams.
Cho, Yong-Sub; Kim, Dae-Il; Kim, Han-Sung; Seol, Kyung-Tae; Kwon, Hyeok-Jung; Hong, In-Seok [Proton Engineering Frontier Project, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353 (Korea, Republic of)
Neutral particle beam intensity controller
The neutral beam intensity controller is based on selected magnetic defocusing of the ion beam prior to neutralization. The defocused portion of the beam is dumped onto a beam dump disposed perpendicular to the beam axis. Selective defocusing is accomplished by means of a magnetic field generator disposed about the neutralizer so that the field is transverse to the beam axis. The magnetic field intensity is varied to provide the selected partial beam defocusing of the ions prior to neutralization. The desired focused neutral beam portion passes along the beam path through a defining aperture in the beam dump, thereby controlling the desired fraction of neutral particles transmitted to a utilization device without altering the kinetic energy level of the desired neutral particle fraction. By proper selection of the magnetic field intensity, virtually zero through 100% intensity control of the neutral beam is achieved.
Dagenhart, W.K.
An Evaluation of MWR Retrievals of Liquid Water Path
Evaluation of MWR Retrievals Evaluation of MWR Retrievals of Liquid Water Path and Precipitable Water Vapor R. T. Marchand and T. P. Ackerman Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington Introduction This paper offers some observations on the quality of Microwave Radiometer (MWR) retrievals of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP). The paper shows case study comparisons between the standard "statistical" approach and those obtained using an iterative solution of the microwave radiative transfer equations. These examples show how improvements in the retrieval of LWP can be obtained by using an iterative approach, but that possible improvements are limited by the accuracy of the forward model absorption coefficients and errors in the brightness temperature measurements. Each of these effects limits the
First Three Years of the Microwave Radiometer aboard Envisat: In-Flight Calibration, Processing, and Validation of the Geophysical Products
The Envisat microwave radiometer is designed to correct the satellite altimeter data for the excess path delay resulting from tropospheric humidity. Neural networks have been used to formulate the inversion algorithm to retrieve this quantity ...
E. Obligis; L. Eymard; N. Tran; S. Labroue; P. Femenias
Evaluating the Quality of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Measurements and Retrievals Using Detrended Fluctuation and Spectral Analysis Methods
Time series both of microwave radiometer brightness temperature measurements at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz and of retrievals of water vapor and liquid water path from these brightness temperatures are evaluated using the detrended fluctuation analysis ...
K. Ivanova; E. E. Clothiaux; H. N. Shirer; T. P. Ackerman; J. C. Liljegren; M. Ausloos
A Steerable Dual-Channel Microwave Radiometer for Measurement of Water Vapor and Liquid in the Troposphere
An instrument that remotely senses the integrated amounts of water vapor and liquid on a path through the atmosphere is discussed. The vapor and liquid are measured simultaneously but independently by microwave radiometers. Comparison of the ...
D. C. Hogg; F. O. Guiraud; J. B. Snider; M. T. Decker; E. R. Westwater
Microwave Processing of Materials
Furthermore, lower energy consumption is another aspect that the world should consider to cope with this matter. Microwave processing of materials is a clean,�...
Method and device for generating microwaves using a split cavity modulator
This invention consists of a compact device called the split cavity modulator whose self-generated oscillating electromagnetic field converts a steady particle beam into a modulated particle beam. The particle beam experiences both signs of the oscillating electric field during the transit through the split cavity modulator. The modulated particle beam can then be used to generate microwaves as that frequency and through a series of sequential extractors, high efficiency extraction of microwave power is enabled. The modulated beam and the microwave frequency can be varied by the placement of resistive wires at nodes of oscillation within the cavity. The short beam travel length through the cavity permit higher currents because both space charge and pinching limitations are reduced. The need for an applied magnetic field to control the beam has been eliminated.
Clark, M.C.; Coleman, P.D.; Marder, B.M.
Sampling diffusive transition paths
We address the problem of sampling double-ended diffusive paths. The ensemble of paths is expressed using a symmetric version of the Onsager-Machlup formula, which only requires evaluation of the force field and which, upon direct time discretization, gives rise to a symmetric integrator that is accurate to second order. Efficiently sampling this ensemble requires avoiding the well-known stiffness problem associated with sampling infinitesimal Brownian increments of the path, as well as a different type of stiffness associated with sampling the coarse features of long paths. The fine-features sampling stiffness is eliminated with the use of the fast sampling algorithm (FSA), and the coarse-feature sampling stiffness is avoided by introducing the sliding and sampling (S&S) algorithm. A key feature of the S&S algorithm is that it enables massively parallel computers to sample diffusive trajectories that are long in time. We use the algorithm to sample the transition path ensemble for the structural interconversion of the 38-atom Lennard-Jones cluster at low temperature.
F. Miller III, Thomas; Predescu, Cristian
DRAFT Microwave Radiometer Profiler Handbook
Microwave Radiometer Profiler Handbook Evaluation of a New Multi-Frequency Microwave Radiometer for Measuring the Vertical Distribution of Temperature, Water Vapor, and Cloud...
Theoretical Overview of Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy
The theoretical basis for the prediction of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background is very well developed. Very low amplitude density and temperature perturbations produce small gravitational effects, leading to an anisotropy that is a combination of temperature fluctuations at the surface of last scattering and gravitational redshifts both at last scattering and along the path to the observer. All of the primary anisotropy can be handled by linear perturbation theory, which allows a very accurate calculation of the predicted anisotropy from different models of the Universe.
E. L. Wright
Beam History
Beam Status Beam History Print Beamline History Request Form To request a beam current histograph from the ALS storage ring beam histograph database, select the year, month, and...
Electric field measurement in microwave discharge ion thruster with electro-optic probe
In order to understand the internal phenomena in a microwave discharge ion thruster, it is important to measure the distribution of the microwave electric field inside the discharge chamber, which is directly related to the plasma production. In this study, we proposed a novel method of measuring a microwave electric field with an electro-optic (EO) probe based on the Pockels effect. The probe, including a cooling system, contains no metal and can be accessed in the discharge chamber with less disruption to the microwave distribution. This method enables measurement of the electric field profile under ion beam acceleration. We first verified the measurement with the EO probe by a comparison with a finite-difference time domain numerical simulation of the microwave electric field in atmosphere. Second, we showed that the deviations of the reflected microwave power and the beam current were less than 8% due to inserting the EO probe into the ion thruster under ion beam acceleration. Finally, we successfully demonstrated the measurement of the electric-field profile in the ion thruster under ion beam acceleration. These measurements show that the electric field distribution in the thruster dramatically changes in the ion thruster under ion beam acceleration as the propellant mass flow rate increases. These results indicate that this new method using an EO probe can provide a useful guide for improving the propulsion of microwave discharge ion thrusters.
Ise, Toshiyuki; Tsukizaki, Ryudo; Koizumi, Hiroyuki [The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Togo, Hiroyoshi [Microsystem Integration Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, Morinosato, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0198 (Japan); Kuninaka, Hitoshi [Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510 (Japan)
Microwaves and Bacteria
Microwaves and Bacteria Microwaves and Bacteria Name: mike Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Do the microwaves in a microwave kill bacteria or is it the heat that kills the bacteria? I am wondering this because i have a science fair project and i am searching for a project dealing with bacteria. Replies: As far as I'm aware it is the heat that kill bacteria in a microwave, and they need quite some time to be dead. The spores that some kind of bacteria make to survive harsh conditions do not contain much water and they might survive microwaves. I'm not sure what bacteria do that can survive high dosis of radiation, like Deinococcus radiodurans. They can do this by a very efficient repair system for their DNA. My guess is that they would also be killed by the heat generated in a microwave but I haven't found any data on this.
Microwave coupler and method
The present invention is directed to a microwave coupler for enhancing the heating or metallurgical treatment of materials within a cold-wall, rapidly heated cavity as provided by a microwave furnace. The coupling material of the present invention is an alpha-rhombohedral-boron-derivative-structure material such as boron carbide or boron silicide which can be appropriately positioned as a susceptor within the furnace to heat other material or be in powder particulate form so that composites and structures of boron carbide such as cutting tools, grinding wheels and the like can be rapidly and efficiently formed within microwave furnaces.
Holcombe, C.E.
Finding many optimal paths without growing any optimal path trees
Many algorithms seek to compute actual optimal paths in weighted directed graphs. The standard approach for reporting an actual optimal path is based on building a single-source optimal path tree. A technique was given in [1] for a class of problems ...
Danny Z. Chen; Ewa Misiolek
Cosmic Microwave Background Project at NERSC
Cosmic Microwave Background Cosmic Microwave Background CMB.jpg The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is relic radiation from a very early stage in the universe -- essentially a...
Relationships between Water Vapor Path and Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans
The relationship between water vapor path W and surface precipitation rate P over tropical oceanic regions is analyzed using 4 yr of gridded daily SSM/I satellite microwave radiometer data. A tight monthly mean relationship P (mm day?1) = exp[...
Christopher S. Bretherton; Matthew E. Peters; Larissa E. Back
Beams 92: Proceedings. Volume 1: Invited papers, pulsed power
This report contains papers on the following topics: Ion beam papers; electron beam, bremsstrahlung, and diagnostics papers; radiating Z- pinch papers; microwave papers; electron laser papers; advanced accelerator papers; beam and pulsed power applications papers; pulsed power papers; and these papers have been indexed separately elsewhere.
Mosher, D.; Cooperstein, G. [eds.] [Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC (United States)
Laser-beam-alignment system
A plurality of pivotal reflectors direct a high-power laser beam onto a workpiece, and a rotatable reflector is movable to a position wherein it intercepts the beam and deflects a major portion thereof away from its normal path, the remainder of the beam passing to the pivotal reflectors through an aperture in the rotating reflector. A plurality of targets are movable to positions intercepting the path of light traveling to the pivotal reflectors, and a preliminary adjustment of the latter is made by use of a low-power laser beam reflected from the rotating reflector, after which the same targets are used to make a final adjustment of the pivotal reflectors with the portion of the high-power laser beam passed through the rotating reflector. The system was developed to cut the casings of spent nuclear fuel elements into segments as the initial step in recovering usable fuel. (WHK)
Kasner, W.H.; Racki, D.J.; Swenson, C.E.
A Development Path for the Stabilized Spheromak
In Refs. [1] - [3], I suggest a concerted computational effort to study profile control of spheromaks, in anticipation that it is timely to incorporate the q < 1 regime of RFP's and spheromaks into an integrated advanced toroidal confinement program, together with improvements in tokamaks and stellarators now being pursued. For profile control of spheromaks by neutral beam injection, with care to avoid super-Alfvenic beam instability the main issue is excitation of tearing modes that can be studied using the NIMROD code already calibrated to MST and SSPX. In this note, I show that profile control on spheromaks could be demonstrated in a device the size of SSPX, leading ultimately to a very compact ignition facility, and possibly modular fusion reactors with a shorter development path.
Fowler, T K
Microwaves in Biology, Environmental Studies and Chemistry
Oct 30, 2013... using Microwaves, Electric and Magnetic Fields, Ultrasound, Lasers, ... Power under Microwave Irradiated Cultivation: Wataru Nagayoshi1;�...
Autogenerator of beams of charged particles
An autogenerating apparatus provides secondary intense relativistic current beam pulses in response to an injected beam pulse. One or more electromagnetic energy storage devices are provided in conjunction with gaps along a beam propagation path for the injected beam pulse. For injected beam pulses which are no longer than double the transit time of electromagnetic waves within the storage devices (which may be resonant cavities), distinct secondary beam pulses are generated by each of the energy storage devices. The beam propagation path, together with the one or more gaps provided therein, operates as a pulse forming transmission line cavity, in which the separate cavities associated with the gaps provide delays for electromagnetic waves generated at the gaps. After doubly traversing the cavity, the electromagnetic waves cause the gap to generate the secondary beam pulses, which are thus delayed by a time interval equal to the double transit time for the induced wave within the cavity.
Adler, R.J.; Mazarakis, M.G.; Miller, R.M.; Shope, S.L.; Smith, D.L.
Beam History Print Beamline History Request Form To request a beam current histograph from the ALS storage ring beam histograph database, select the year, month, and day, then...
Toward a Global Microwave Standard
... Weather and climate uses for microwave remote sensing measurements ... Sensing in PML's Electromagnetics Division, "new data coming from ...
Note: Counting humps in Motzkin paths
In this paper we study the number of humps (peaks) in Dyck, Motzkin and Schroder paths. Recently A. Regev noticed that the number of peaks in all Dyck paths of order n is one half of the number of super-Dyck paths of order n. He also computed the number ... Keywords: Dyck paths, Humps, Motzkin paths, Narayana number, Peaks, Schr�der paths
Yun Ding; Rosena R. X. Du
Microwave | OpenEI
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Microwave Microwave Dataset Summary Description The following data-set is for a benchmark residential home for all TMY3 locations across all utilities in the US. The data is indexed by utility service provider which is described by its "unique" EIA ID ( Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory Date Released April 05th, 2012 (2 years ago) Date Updated April 06th, 2012 (2 years ago) Keywords AC apartment CFL coffeemaker Computer cooling cost demand Dishwasher Dryer Furnace gas HVAC Incandescent Laptop load Microwave model NREL Residential television tmy3 URDB Data text/csv icon Residential Cost Data for Common Household Items (csv, 14.5 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Annually Time Period License License Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and Licence (PDDL)
A New Path Forward
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
4, Fourth Quarter, 2011 4, Fourth Quarter, 2011 www.fossil.energy.gov/news/energytoday.html HigHligHts inside 2 A New Path Forward A Column from the Office of Fossil Energy's Chief Operating Officer 4 A Legacy of Benefit A Look at How the Office of Fossil Energy Has Returned National Benefit 5 Increasing Production and Storage New Study Explains How CO2 Injection in Oilfield Can Increase Production 6 A Medical Improvement NETL Helps Develop Improved Coronary Stents for Heart Patients 9 International Efforts CSLF Ministerial Reinforces Support for CCUS Construction activities began at an Illinois ethanol plant that will demon- strate carbon capture and storage. The project, sponsored by the Office of Fossil Energy, is the first large-scale
Classicalization via Path Integral
Recently, it was suggested that a large class of non-renormalizable theories may need no UV completion. By analogy with gravity where classical black holes are expected to be created in high-energy scatterings, it is conjectured that similar classical solutions, so-called classicalons, should occur. In this way the theory protects itself against non-unitarity, for instead of probing small distances at high energies one enters a classical regime. An effective theory of Goldstone bosons provides and example in which the size of classicalons grows with energy, and the high energy scattering is cut-off by small momenta, inversely proportional to the classicalon size. In this note we offer an alternative, path integral discussion of this important result.
Borut Bajc; Arshad Momen; Goran Senjanovi?
Bajc, Borut; Senjanovi?, Goran
A neutral beam intensity controller is provided for a neutral beam generator in which a neutral beam is established by accelerating ions from an ion source into a gas neutralizer. An amplitude modulated, rotating magnetic field is applied to the accelerated ion beam in the gas neutralizer to defocus the resultant neutral beam in a controlled manner to achieve intensity control of the neutral beam along the beam axis at constant beam energy. The rotating magnetic field alters the orbits of ions in the gas neutralizer before they are neutralized, thereby controlling the fraction of neutral particles transmitted out of the neutralizer along the central beam axis to a fusion device or the like. The altered path or defocused neutral particles are sprayed onto an actively cooled beam dump disposed perpendicular to the neutral beam axis and having a central open for passage of the focused beam at the central axis of the beamline. Virtually zero therough 100% intensity control is achieved by varying the magnetic field strength without altering the ion source beam intensity or its species yield.
Dagenhart, William K. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Thermodynamic Metrics and Optimal Paths
Thermodynamic metrics and optimal paths David A. Sivak ? andmanifold on the space of thermodynamic states. Within theconnection to the existing thermodynamic length formalism,
Sivak, David
Collabortive Authoring of Walden's Paths
Collaborative Authoring of Walden's Paths. Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries. Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences 2012.Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences 2012
Yuanling, Dr. Li [Texas A& M University; Bogen, Paul Logasa [ORNL; Pogue, Daniel [Halliburton Energy Services; Furuta, Dr. Richard Keith [Texas A& M University; ShipmanIII, Dr. Frank Major [Texas A& M University
Local microwave background radiation
An inquiry on a possible local origin for the Microwave Background Radiation is made. Thermal MBR photons are contained in a system called {\\it magnetic bottle} which is due to Earth magnetic field and solar wind particles, mostly electrons. Observational tests are anticipated.
Domingos S. L. Soares
Variable frequency microwave furnace system
A variable frequency microwave furnace system designed to allow modulation of the frequency of the microwaves introduced into a furnace cavity for testing or other selected applications. The variable frequency microwave furnace system includes a microwave signal generator or microwave voltage-controlled oscillator for generating a low-power microwave signal for input to the microwave furnace. A first amplifier may be provided to amplify the magnitude of the signal output from the microwave signal generator or the microwave voltage-controlled oscillator. A second amplifier is provided for processing the signal output by the first amplifier. The second amplifier outputs the microwave signal input to the furnace cavity. In the preferred embodiment, the second amplifier is a traveling-wave tube (TWT). A power supply is provided for operation of the second amplifier. A directional coupler is provided for detecting the direction of a signal and further directing the signal depending on the detected direction. A first power meter is provided for measuring the power delivered to the microwave furnace. A second power meter detects the magnitude of reflected power. Reflected power is dissipated in the reflected power load. 5 figs.
Bible, D.W.; Lauf, R.J.
Contemporary data path design optimization
power consumption, instead of performance, becomes the most critical concern in many data-path designs, especially for mobile devicePower consumption becomes more critical issue than performance in modern data-path designs, especially for mobile devicepower consumption. Furthermore, we also implement the PST algorithm on both ASIC and FPGA devices
Liu, Jianhua
GPU-accelerated path rendering
For thirty years, resolution-independent 2D standards (e.g. PostScript, SVG) have depended on CPU-based algorithms for the filling and stroking of paths. Advances in graphics hardware have largely ignored accelerating resolution-independent 2D graphics ... Keywords: OpenGL, path rendering, stencil buffer, vector graphics
Mark J. Kilgard; Jeff Bolz
Path skyline for moving objects
Skyline query has been used mainly for relatively static and low dimensional data sets. We develop the Skyline query for the moving objects coping with dynamic changes efficiently. This study is focused on deriving a fundamental algorithm for extracting ... Keywords: moving objects, path skyline, shortest path
Wookey Lee; Chris Soo-Hyun Eom; Tae-Chang Jo
Investigation of Microwave Instability on Electron Storage Ring TLS
With the planned installation of a superconducting rf system, the new operation mode of TLS, the electron storage ring at NSRRC, is expected to double the beam intensity. Several accelerator physics topics need to be examined. Beam instability of single-bunch longitudinal microwave instability is one of these topics. We consider two approaches to measure the effective broad band impedance. We compare these measurement results with each other and to old data [Ref.1]. We calculate the threshold current of microwave instability with a mode-mixing analysis code written by Dr. K. Oide of KEK [Ref.2]. We also develop a multi-particle tracking code to simulate the instability. The results of simulation and measurement are compared and discussed. We conclude that doubling of beam current from 200 mA (1.5 mA/bunch) to 400 mA (3 mA/bunch) will not trigger the microwave instability even without a Landau cavity to lengthen the bunch. The benefit of Landau cavity is mainly for beam life time.
Wang, M.-H.; /NSRRC, Taiwan; Chao, A.; /SLAC
Learning for informative path planning
Through the combined use of regression techniques, we will learn models of the uncertainty propagation efficiently and accurately to replace computationally intensive Monte- Carlo simulations in informative path planning. ...
Park, Sooho, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Survivable paths in multilayer networks
We consider the problem of protection in multilayer networks. In single-layer net- works, a pair of disjoint paths can be used to provide protection for a source-destination pair. However, this approach cannot be directly ...
Parandehgheibi, Marzieh
Physarum can compute shortest paths
Physarum Polycephalum is a slime mold that apparently is able to solve shortest path problems. A mathematical model has been proposed by biologists to describe the feedback mechanism used by the slime mold to adapt its tubular channels while foraging ...
Vincenzo Bonifaci; Kurt Mehlhorn; Girish Varma
Coherence delay augmented laser beam homogenizer
The geometrical restrictions on a laser beam homogenizer are relaxed by ug a coherence delay line to separate a coherent input beam into several components each having a path length difference equal to a multiple of the coherence length with respect to the other components. The components recombine incoherently at the output of the homogenizer, and the resultant beam has a more uniform spatial intensity suitable for microlithography and laser pantogography. Also disclosed is a variable aperture homogenizer, and a liquid filled homogenizer.
Rasmussen, Paul (Livermore, CA); Bernhardt, Anthony (Berkeley, CA)
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VI.
PATH OF CkRBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. VI. * Ni. Calvin Radiationdetermination of the path of carbon in photosynthesis. Theredark fixation of photosynthesis and methods of separation
Calvin, M.
Window Function for Non-Circular Beam CMB Anisotropy Experiment
We develop computationally rapid methods to compute the window function for a cosmic microwave background anisotropy experiment with a non-circular beam which scans over large angles on the sky. To concretely illustrate these methods we compute the window function for the Python V experiment which scans over large angles on the sky with an elliptical Gaussian beam.
Tarun Souradeep; Bharat Ratra
Factors influencing the microwave pulse duration in a klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator
In this paper, we analyze the factors that affect the microwave pulse duration in a klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO), including the diode voltage, the guiding magnetic field, the electron beam collector, the extraction cavity, and the gap between the electron beam and the slow wave structure (SWS). The results show that the microwave pulse duration increases with the diode voltage until breakdown occurs on the surface of the extraction cavity. The pulse duration at low guiding magnetic field is generally 5-10 ns smaller than that at high magnetic field due to the asymmetric electron emission and the larger energy spread of the electron beam. The electron beam collector can affect the microwave pulse duration significantly because of the anode plasma generated by bombardment of the electron beam on the collector surface. The introduction of the extraction cavity only slightly changes the pulse duration. The decrease of the gap between the electron beam and the SWS can increase the microwave pulse duration greatly.
Xiao Renzhen; Zhang Xiaowei; Zhang Ligang; Li Xiaoze; Zhang Lijun [National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High Power Microwave, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024 (China)
Preparation of Hydroxyapatite by Microwave Heating
HAP powders were successfully prepared in a 2.45 GHz - 900W multimode home model microwave oven. The HAP powder was prepared by microwave heating�...
A Permanent-Magnet Microwave Ion Source for a Compact High-Yield Neutron Generator
We present recent work on the development of a microwave ion source that will be used in a high-yield compact neutron generator for active interrogation applications. The sealed tube generator will be capable of producing high neutron yields, 5x1011 n/s for D-T and ~;;1x1010 n/s for D-D reactions, while remaining transportable. We constructed a microwave ion source (2.45 GHz) with permanent magnets to provide the magnetic field strength of 87.5 mT necessary for satisfying the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) condition. Microwave ion sources can produce high extracted beam currents at the low gas pressures required for sealed tube operation and at lower power levels than previously used RF-driven ion sources. A 100 mA deuterium/tritium beam will be extracted through a large slit (60x6 mm2) to spread the beam power over a larger target area. This paper describes the design of the permanent-magnet microwave ion source and discusses the impact of the magnetic field design on the source performance. The required equivalent proton beam current density of 40 mA/cm2 was extracted at a moderate microwave power of 400 W with an optimized magnetic field.
Waldmann, Ole; Ludewigt, Bernhard
Method and split cavity oscillator/modulator to generate pulsed particle beams and electromagnetic fields
A compact device called the split cavity modulator whose self-generated oscillating electromagnetic field converts a steady particle beam into a modulated particle beam. The particle beam experiences both signs of the oscillating electric field during the transit through the split cavity modulator. The modulated particle beam can then be used to generate microwaves at that frequency and through the use of extractors, high efficiency extraction of microwave power is enabled. The modulated beam and the microwave frequency can be varied by the placement of resistive wires at nodes of oscillation within the cavity. The short beam travel length through the cavity permit higher currents because both space charge and pinching limitations are reduced. The need for an applied magnetic field to control the beam has been eliminated.
Clark, M. Collins (Albuquerque, NM); Coleman, P. Dale (Albuquerque, NM); Marder, Barry M. (Albuquerque, NM)
Microwave sintering of multiple articles
Apparatus and method for producing articles of alumina and of alumina and silicon carbide in which the articles are sintered at high temperatures using microwave radiation. The articles are placed in a sintering container which is placed in a microwave cavity for heating. The rates at which heating and cooling take place is controlled.
Blake, Rodger D. (Santa Fe, NM); Katz, Joel D. (Los Alamos, NM)
Microwave sintering of multiple aritcles
Disclosed are apparatus and method for producing articles of alumina and of alumina and silicon carbide in which the articles are sintered at high temperatures using microwave radiation. The articles are placed in a sintering container which is placed in a microwave cavity for heating. The rates at which heating and cooling take place is controlled.
Blake, R.D.; Katz, J.D.
Microwave-driven ultraviolet light sources
A microwave-driven ultraviolet (UV) light source is provided. The light source comprises an over-moded microwave cavity having at least one discharge bulb disposed within the microwave cavity. At least one magnetron probe is coupled directly to the microwave cavity.
Manos, Dennis M. (Williamsburg, VA); Diggs, Jessie (Norfolk, VA); Ametepe, Joseph D. (Roanoke, VA)
Method and apparatus for laser-controlled proton beam radiology
A proton beam radiology system provides cancer treatment and proton radiography. The system includes an accelerator for producing an H{sup {minus}} beam and a laser source for generating a laser beam. A photodetachment module is located proximate the periphery of the accelerator. The photodetachment module combines the H{sup {minus}} beam and laser beam to produce a neutral beam therefrom within a subsection of the H{sup {minus}} beam. The photodetachment module emits the neutral beam along a trajectory defined by the laser beam. The photodetachment module includes a stripping foil which forms a proton beam from the neutral beam. The proton beam is delivered to a conveyance segment which transports the proton beam to a patient treatment station. The photodetachment module further includes a laser scanner which moves the laser beam along a path transverse to the cross-section of the H{sup {minus}} beam in order to form the neutral beam in subsections of the H{sup {minus}} beam. As the scanning laser moves across the H{sup {minus}} beam, it similarly varies the trajectory of the proton beam emitted from the photodetachment module and in turn varies the target location of the proton beam upon the patient. Intensity modulation of the proton beam can also be achieved by controlling the output of the laser. 9 figs.
Johnstone, C.J.
A proton beam radiology system provides cancer treatment and proton radiography. The system includes an accelerator for producing an H.sup.- beam and a laser source for generating a laser beam. A photodetachment module is located proximate the periphery of the accelerator. The photodetachment module combines the H.sup.- beam and laser beam to produce a neutral beam therefrom within a subsection of the H.sup.- beam. The photodetachment module emits the neutral beam along a trajectory defined by the laser beam. The photodetachment module includes a stripping foil which forms a proton beam from the neutral beam. The proton beam is delivered to a conveyance segment which transports the proton beam to a patient treatment station. The photodetachment module further includes a laser scanner which moves the laser beam along a path transverse to the cross-section of the H.sup.- beam in order to form the neutral beam in subsections of the H.sup.- beam. As the scanning laser moves across the H.sup.- beam, it similarly varies the trajectory of the proton beam emitted from the photodetachment module and in turn varies the target location of the proton beam upon the patient. Intensity modulation of the proton beam can also be achieved by controlling the output of the laser.
Johnstone, Carol J. (Warrenville, IL)
Profiling all paths: A new profiling technique for both cyclic and acyclic paths
As an important technique in dynamic program analysis, path profiling collects the execution frequency of different paths, and has been widely used in a variety of areas. However, existing intra-procedural profiling techniques cannot effectively deal ... Keywords: Breakpoint, Cyclic paths, Dynamic analysis, Path backwalk, Path profiling, Probe instrumentation
Bixin Li; Lulu Wang; Hareton Leung; Fei Liu
A new luminescence beam profile monitor for intense proton and heavy ion beams
A new luminescence beam profile monitor is realized in the polarized hydrogen gas jet target at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. In addition to the spin polarization of the proton beam being routinely measured by the hydrogen gas jet, the luminescence produced by beam-hydrogen excitation leads to a strong Balmer series lines emission. A selected hydrogen Balmer line is spectrally filtered and imaged to produce the transverse RHIC proton beam shape with unprecedented details on the RHIC beam profile. Alternatively, when the passage of the high energy RHIC gold ion beam excited only the residual gas molecules in the beam path, sufficient ion beam induced luminescence is produced and the transverse gold ion beam profile is obtained. The measured transverse beam sizes and the calculated emittances provide an independent confirmation of the RHIC beam characteristics and to verify the emittance conservation along the RHIC accelerator. This optical beam diagnostic technique by making use of the beam induced fluorescence from injected or residual gas offers a truly noninvasive particle beam characterization, and provides a visual observation of proton and heavy ion beams. Combined with a longitudinal bunch measurement system, a 3-dimensional spatial particle beam profile can be reconstructed tomographically.
Tsang,T.; Bellavia, S.; Connolly, R.; Gassner, D.; Makdisi, Y.; Russo, T.; Thieberger, P.; Trbojevic, D.; Zelenski, A.
Differential Microwave Radiometer and the Cosmic Microwave Background |
Office of Science (SC) Website
Differential Differential Microwave Radiometer and the Cosmic Microwave Background Laboratory Policy and Evaluation (LPE) LPE Home Staff M&O Contracts SC Laboratory Appraisal Process Laboratory Planning Process Work for Others in the Office of Science Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) DOE's Philosophy on LDRD Frequently Asked Questions Success Stories Brochures Additional Information LDRD Program Contacts Technology Transfer DOE National Laboratories Contact Information Laboratory Policy and Evaluation U.S. Department of Energy SC-32/Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (202) 586-5447 F: (202) 586-3119 Success Stories Differential Microwave Radiometer and the Cosmic Microwave Background Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds FeedbackShare Page
Ohmic heated sheet for the Ca ion beam production
The production of intense accelerated {sup 48}Ca ion beams is the key problem in the experiments on the synthesis of new superheavy nuclei. For this purpose in the FLNR (JINR), an electron cyclotron resonance ion source is used at the U-400 cyclotron. The combination of a micro oven with a hot tantalum sheet inside the discharge chamber allowed the production of the intense {sup 48}Ca{sup 5+} ion beam at the {sup 48}Ca consumption of about 0.5 mg/h. In this case, the tantalum sheet is heated by microwaves and plasma electrons. The microwave power of up to 500 W is required to heat the sheet to the temperature of about 500 deg. C. To decrease the required microwave power, a new sheet with a direct Ohmic heating was designed. The present paper describes the method, technique, and preliminary experimental results on the production of the Ca ion beam.
Efremov, A.; Bogomolov, S.; Kazarinov, N.; Kochagov, O.; Loginov, V. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow 141980 (Russian Federation)
VALIDATION OF MICROWAVE HEATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF Salmonella spp. IN MICROWAVEABLE FOODS.
??Microwave heating instructions for three products (chicken nuggets, turkey pot-pies and mashed potato) were developed and validated based on end point temperatures using two microwave� (more)
Valenzuela, Carol J
Study of federal microwave standards
Present and future federal regulatory processes which may impact the permissible levels of microwave radiation emitted by the SPS Microwave Power Transmission (MPTS) were studied. An historical development of US occupational and public microwave standards includes an overview of Western and East European philosophies of environmental protection and neurophysiology which have led to the current widely differing maximum permissible exposure limits to microwaves. The possible convergence of microwave standards is characterized by a lowering of Western exposure levels while Eastern countries consider standard relaxation. A trend toward stricter controls on activities perceived as harmful to public health is under way as is interest in improving the federal regulatory process. Particularly relevant to SPS is the initiation of long-term, low-level microwave exposure programs. Coupled with new developments in instrumentation and dosimetry, the results from chronic exposure program and population exposure studies could be expected within the next five to ten years. Also discussed is the increasing public concern that rf energy is yet another hazardous environmental agent.
David, L.
High power, high beam quality regenerative amplifier
A regenerative laser amplifier system generates high peak power and high energy per pulse output beams enabling generation of X-rays used in X-ray lithography for manufacturing integrated circuits. The laser amplifier includes a ring shaped optical path with a limited number of components including a polarizer, a passive 90 degree phase rotator, a plurality of mirrors, a relay telescope, and a gain medium, the components being placed close to the image plane of the relay telescope to reduce diffraction or phase perturbations in order to limit high peak intensity spiking. In the ring, the beam makes two passes through the gain medium for each transit of the optical path to increase the amplifier gain to loss ratio. A beam input into the ring makes two passes around the ring, is diverted into an SBS phase conjugator and proceeds out of the SBS phase conjugator back through the ring in an equal but opposite direction for two passes, further reducing phase perturbations. A master oscillator inputs the beam through an isolation cell (Faraday or Pockels) which transmits the beam into the ring without polarization rotation. The isolation cell rotates polarization only in beams proceeding out of the ring to direct the beams out of the amplifier. The diffraction limited quality of the input beam is preserved in the amplifier so that a high power output beam having nearly the same diffraction limited quality is produced.
Hackel, Lloyd A. (Livermore, CA); Dane, Clifford B. (Livermore, CA)
Hackel, L.A.; Dane, C.B.
Environmental assessment for the satellite power system-concept development and evaluation program-microwave health and ecological effects
This report is concerned with the potential health and ecological effects of the microwave beam from the microwave power transmission system (MPTS) of the satellite power system (SPS). The report is written in the form of a detailed critical review of selected scientific articles from the published literature on the biological effects of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, followed by an assessment of the possible effects of the SPS, based on exposure values for the reference system (US DOE and NASA, 1978).
Accelerating cleanup: Paths to closure
This document was previously referred to as the Draft 2006 Plan. As part of the DOE`s national strategy, the Richland Operations Office`s Paths to Closure summarizes an integrated path forward for environmental cleanup at the Hanford Site. The Hanford Site underwent a concerted effort between 1994 and 1996 to accelerate the cleanup of the Site. These efforts are reflected in the current Site Baseline. This document describes the current Site Baseline and suggests strategies for further improvements in scope, schedule and cost. The Environmental Management program decided to change the name of the draft strategy and the document describing it in response to a series of stakeholder concerns, including the practicality of achieving widespread cleanup by 2006. Also, EM was concerned that calling the document a plan could be misconstrued to be a proposal by DOE or a decision-making document. The change in name, however, does not diminish the 2006 vision. To that end, Paths to Closure retains a focus on 2006, which serves as a point in time around which objectives and goals are established.
Edwards, C.
China Energy and Emissions Path to 2030
China Energy and Emissions Path to 2030 Title China Energy and Emissions Path to 2030 Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-4866E Year of Publication 2013 Authors...
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis, Prentice-Hall, Ino. ,to StUdy the Products of Photosynthesis as Depending on the48 THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS J. A. Bassham and
Bassham, J.A.; Calvin, Melvin
The Path ot Carbon in Photosynthesis. Science" l2J. , 476 (48 THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS Melvin Calvin Nobel8-A Fig. 1. Elementary photosynthesis scheme. DES IOU OF THE
Calvin, Melvin Nobel Prize lecture
Observational Constraints on Microwave Anisotropy from Point Sources
Applying basic physical principles to recent observational results, we derive upper and lower limits on microwave anisotropy from point sources over the range of frequencies 10-1000 GHz. We examine the level of noise in the observations as a possible indication of source confusion at subarcminute scales. We also derive an upper limit on microwave anisotropy caused by the sources responsible for the Far-Infrared Background radiation detected in FIRAS data. Our upper limit on point source confusion of DeltaT/T=10^{-5} for a 10' beam at 100 GHz would cause severe foreground contamination for CMB anisotropy observations, although the actual contamination level is probably much lower. This upper limit constrains the long-feared possibility of an undetected population of sources with emission peaking near 100 GHz. Source detections closer to 100 GHz are needed to improve our knowledge of galaxy evolution at high redshift and to predict the level of point source confusion.
Eric Gawiser; Andrew Jaffe; Joseph Silk
Field Guide: Turbine Steam Path Damage
Steam path damage, particularly of blades, has long been recognized as a leading cause of steam turbine unavailability for large fossil fuel plants. Damage to steam path components by various mechanisms continues to result in significant economic impact domestically and internationally. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report TR-108943, Turbine Steam Path Damage: Theory and Practice, Volumes 1 and 2, was prepared to compile the most recent knowledge about turbine steam path damage: identifying th...
Radial electron-beam-breakup transit-time oscillator
A radial electron-beam-breakup transit-time oscillator (RBTO) provides a compact high power microwave generator. The RBTO includes a coaxial vacuum transmission line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor. The inner conductor defines an annular cavity with dimensions effective to support an electromagnetic field in a TEM.sub.00m mode. A radial field emission cathode is formed on the outer conductor for providing an electron beam directed toward the annular cavity electrode. Microwave energy is then extracted from the annular cavity electrode.
Kwan, Thomas J. T. (Los Alamos, NM); Mostrom, Michael A. (Albuquerque, NM)
Development of a Compact Rotating-Wave Electron Beam Accelerator
We present the successful prototype development results of a novel compact rotating-wave electron beam accelerator (RWA). The RWA uses a single cylindrical cavity holding a transverse-magnetic resonant mode in combination with an axial static magnetic field to accelerate electrons to higher energies. With approximately 80 kilowatts of microwave power fed into a C-band cavity, we have been able to successfully accelerate a 3 keV electron beam to {approx}760 keV. The compact RWA accelerator could be the basis for a new class of compact and affordable 1-10 MeV microwave accelerators for military, medical and industrial applications.
Velazco, Jose E.; Ceperley, Peter H. [Microwave Technologies Incorporated, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 (United States); Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 (United States)
Stochastic path tracing on consumer graphics cards
We present a path tracer using the GPU of a consumers graphics card to render images. It is implemented in Java and GLSL using GroIMP as modelling platform and runtime environment. The path tracer is capable of rendering primitives like sphere, cone, ... Keywords: GPU, HDR, global illumination, path tracing, procedural texturing, raytracing, texture mapping
Thomas Huwe; Reinhard Hemmerling
Difference between Life and Death of Bacterium against Microwave ...
... Electric and Magnetic Fields, Ultrasound, Lasers, and Mechanical Work. ... of Bacterium against Microwave Power under Microwave Irradiated Cultivation.
Microwave Off-gas srnlTechBriefp1
Microwave energy combines with infrared heating ... A modified retail microwave oven requires little space, is compatible with existing electrical ...
A pencil beam algorithm for helium ion beam therapy
Purpose: To develop a flexible pencil beam algorithm for helium ion beam therapy. Dose distributions were calculated using the newly developed pencil beam algorithm and validated using Monte Carlo (MC) methods. Methods: The algorithm was based on the established theory of fluence weighted elemental pencil beam (PB) kernels. Using a new real-time splitting approach, a minimization routine selects the optimal shape for each sub-beam. Dose depositions along the beam path were determined using a look-up table (LUT). Data for LUT generation were derived from MC simulations in water using GATE 6.1. For materials other than water, dose depositions were calculated by the algorithm using water-equivalent depth scaling. Lateral beam spreading caused by multiple scattering has been accounted for by implementing a non-local scattering formula developed by Gottschalk. A new nuclear correction was modelled using a Voigt function and implemented by a LUT approach. Validation simulations have been performed using a phantom filled with homogeneous materials or heterogeneous slabs of up to 3 cm. The beams were incident perpendicular to the phantoms surface with initial particle energies ranging from 50 to 250 MeV/A with a total number of 10{sup 7} ions per beam. For comparison a special evaluation software was developed calculating the gamma indices for dose distributions. Results: In homogeneous phantoms, maximum range deviations between PB and MC of less than 1.1% and differences in the width of the distal energy falloff of the Bragg-Peak from 80% to 20% of less than 0.1 mm were found. Heterogeneous phantoms using layered slabs satisfied a {gamma}-index criterion of 2%/2mm of the local value except for some single voxels. For more complex phantoms using laterally arranged bone-air slabs, the {gamma}-index criterion was exceeded in some areas giving a maximum {gamma}-index of 1.75 and 4.9% of the voxels showed {gamma}-index values larger than one. The calculation precision of the presented algorithm was considered to be sufficient for clinical practice. Although only data for helium beams was presented, the performance of the pencil beam algorithm for proton beams was comparable. Conclusions: The pencil beam algorithm developed for helium ions presents a suitable tool for dose calculations. Its calculation speed was evaluated to be similar to other published pencil beam algorithms. The flexible design allows easy customization of measured depth-dose distributions and use of varying beam profiles, thus making it a promising candidate for integration into future treatment planning systems. Current work in progress deals with RBE effects of helium ions to complete the model.
Fuchs, Hermann; Stroebele, Julia; Schreiner, Thomas; Hirtl, Albert; Georg, Dietmar [Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna (Austria); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, 1090 Vienna (Austria) and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, 1090 Vienna (Austria); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna (Austria) and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, 1090 Vienna (Austria); PEG MedAustron, 2700 Wiener Neustadt (Austria); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna (Austria); Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna (Austria); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, 1090 Vienna (Austria) and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, 1090 Vienna (Austria)
Ignition methods and apparatus using microwave energy
An ignition apparatus for a combustor includes a microwave energy source that emits microwave energy into the combustor at a frequency within a resonant response of the combustor, the combustor functioning as a resonant cavity for the microwave energy so that a plasma is produced that ignites a combustible mixture therein. The plasma preferably is a non-contact plasma produced in free space within the resonant cavity spaced away from with the cavity wall structure and spaced from the microwave emitter.
DeFreitas, Dennis Michael (Oxford, NY); Migliori, Albert (Santa Fe, NM)
Microwave Augmented Fabrication and Evaluation of CNT ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2011 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Biological Materials Science. Presentation Title, Microwave Augmented�...
Retail beamed power using millimeter waves: Survey
Retail delivery of electric power through millimeter waves is relevant in developing areas where the market for communication devices outpaces the power grid infrastructure. It is also a critical component of an evolutionary path towards terrestrial ... Keywords: Micro renewable energy systems, millimeter wave, power beaming, rural India power, space power grid, systems
Narayanan Komerath; Aravinda Kar
Microwavable thermal energy storage material
A microwavable thermal energy storage material is provided which includes a mixture of a phase change material and silica, and a carbon black additive in the form of a conformable dry powder of phase change material/silica/carbon black, or solid pellets, films, fibers, moldings or strands of phase change material/high density polyethylene/ethylene-vinyl acetate/silica/carbon black which allows the phase change material to be rapidly heated in a microwave oven. The carbon black additive, which is preferably an electrically conductive carbon black, may be added in low concentrations of from 0.5 to 15% by weight, and may be used to tailor the heating times of the phase change material as desired. The microwavable thermal energy storage material can be used in food serving applications such as tableware items or pizza warmers, and in medical wraps and garments.
Salyer, Ival O. (Dayton, OH)
A microwavable thermal energy storage material is provided which includes a mixture of a phase change material and silica, and a carbon black additive in the form of a conformable dry powder of phase change material/silica/carbon black, or solid pellets, films, fibers, moldings or strands of phase change material/high density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate/silica/carbon black which allows the phase change material to be rapidly heated in a microwave oven. The carbon black additive, which is preferably an electrically conductive carbon black, may be added in low concentrations of from 0.5 to 15% by weight, and may be used to tailor the heating times of the phase change material as desired. The microwavable thermal energy storage material can be used in food serving applications such as tableware items or pizza warmers, and in medical wraps and garments. 3 figs.
Salyer, I.O.
Microwave treatment of vulcanized rubber
A process and resulting product is provided in which a vulcanized solid particulate, such as vulcanized crumb rubber, has select chemical bonds broken by microwave radiation. The direct application of microwaves in combination with uniform heating of the crumb rubber renders the treated crumb rubber more suitable for use in new rubber formulations. As a result, larger particle sizes and/or loading levels of the treated crumb rubber can be used in new rubber mixtures to produce recycled composite products with good properties.
Wicks, George G. (Aiken, SC); Schulz, Rebecca L. (Aiken, SC); Clark, David E. (Gainesville, FL); Folz, Diane C. (Gainesville, FL)
An Alternative Form of Laser Beam Characterization
Careful characterization of laser beams used in materials processing such as welding and drilling is necessary to obtain robust, reproducible processes and products. Recently, equipment and techniques have become available which make it possible to rapidly and conveniently characterize the size, shape, mode structure, beam quality (Mz), and intensity of a laser beam (incident power/unit area) as a function of distance along the beam path. This facilitates obtaining a desired focused spot size and also locating its position. However, for a given position along the beam axis, these devices typically measure where the beam intensity level has been reduced to I/ez of maximum intensity at that position to determine the beam size. While giving an intuitive indication of the beam shape since the maximum intensity of the beam varies greatly, the contour so determined is not an iso-contour of any parameter related to the beam intensity or power. In this work we shall discuss an alternative beam shape formulation where the same measured information is plotted as contour intervals of intensity.
RF & Microwave Systems Group The RF & Microwave Systems
for Technology Transfer. Tagging, Tracking, and Locating Systems TTL technologies are on the verge and development (R&D) geared toward supplying robust communications for extreme environments; global tagging, tracking, and locating (TTL) systems; and RF- and microwave- based measurement and processing systems
Scanning tip microwave near field microscope
A microwave near field microscope has a novel microwave probe structure wherein the probing field of evanescent radiation is emitted from a sharpened metal tip instead of an aperture or gap. This sharpened tip, which is electrically and mechanically connected to a central electrode, extends through and beyond an aperture in an endwall of a microwave resonating device such as a microwave cavity resonator or a microwave stripline resonator. Since the field intensity at the tip increases as the tip sharpens, the total energy which is radiated from the tip and absorbed by the sample increases as the tip sharpens. The result is improved spatial resolution without sacrificing sensitivity.
Xiang, Xiao-Dong (Alameda, CA); Schultz, Peter G. (Oakland, CA); Wei, Tao (Albany, CA)
Microwave scattering from laser spark in air
In this paper, microwave Mie scattering from a laser-induced plasma in atmospheric air is computed. It shows that the scattered microwave transitions from coherent Rayleigh scattering to Mie scattering based on the relative transparency of the laser-induced plasma at the microwave frequency. The microwave penetration in the plasma alters from total transparency to partial shielding due to the sharp increase of the electron number density within the avalanche ionization phase. The transition from Rayleigh scattering to Mie scattering is verified by both the temporal evolution of the scattered microwave and the homogeneity of polar scattering plots.
Sawyer, Jordan; Zhang Zhili [Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States); Shneider, Mikhail N. [Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 (United States)
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Sol Path
Sol Path Sol Path Sol Path logo. Graphically displays path of sun in the sky for any date and location. Good for quickly obtaining rough sun angle data, or understanding the general nature of the sun's motion. Screen Shots Keywords solar, sun, sun path Validation/Testing N/A Expertise Required None required. Users Several hundred regular users, split approximately evenly between U.S. and other countries. Audience Architects, energy analysts, home owners, educators. Input Location, date. Output Graphical display of sun path in the sky. Computer Platform Web Programming Language Macromedia Director / Shockwave Strengths Easy to use, instantaneous graphical output. Weaknesses Sometimes displays incomplete results for equatorial regions (latitude < 23 degrees). Contact Company: Sustainable By Design
Microwave sintering of boron carbide
A method for forming boron carbide into a particular shape and densifying the green boron carbide shape. Boron carbide in powder form is pressed into a green shape and then sintered, using a microwave oven, to obtain a dense boron carbide body. Densities of greater than 95% of theoretical density have been obtained. 1 tab.
Blake, R.D.; Katz, J.D.; Petrovic, J.J.; Sheinberg, H.
Controlled zone microwave plasma system
An apparatus and method for initiating a process gas plasma. A conductive plate having a plurality of conductive fingers is positioned in a microwave applicator. An arc forms between the conductive fingers to initiate the formation of a plasma. A transport mechanism may convey process materials through the plasma. A spray port may be provided to expel processed materials.
Ripley, Edward B. (Knoxville, TN); Seals, Roland D. (Oak Ridge, TN); Morrell, Jonathan S. (Knoxville, TN)
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) A Path to Fusion Energy
Fusion energy has long been considered a promising clean, nearly inexhaustible source of energy. Power production by fusion micro-explosions of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets has been a long term research goal since the invention of the first laser in 1960. The NIF is poised to take the next important step in the journey by beginning experiments researching ICF ignition. Ignition on NIF will be the culmination of over thirty years of ICF research on high-powered laser systems such as the Nova laser at LLNL and the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester as well as smaller systems around the world. NIF is a 192 beam Nd-glass laser facility at LLNL that is more than 90% complete. The first cluster of 48 beams is operational in the laser bay, the second cluster is now being commissioned, and the beam path to the target chamber is being installed. The Project will be completed in 2009 and ignition experiments will start in 2010. When completed NIF will produce up to 1.8 MJ of 0.35 {micro}m light in highly shaped pulses required for ignition. It will have beam stability and control to higher precision than any other laser fusion facility. Experiments using one of the beams of NIF have demonstrated that NIF can meet its beam performance goals. The National Ignition Campaign (NIC) has been established to manage the ignition effort on NIF. NIC has all of the research and development required to execute the ignition plan and to develop NIF into a fully operational facility. NIF will explore the ignition space, including direct drive, 2{omega} ignition, and fast ignition, to optimize target efficiency for developing fusion as an energy source. In addition to efficient target performance, fusion energy requires significant advances in high repetition rate lasers and fusion reactor technology. The Mercury laser at LLNL is a high repetition rate Nd-glass laser for fusion energy driver development. Mercury uses state-o-the art technology such as ceramic laser slabs and light diode pumping for improved efficiency and thermal management. Progress in NIF, NIC, Mercury, and the path forward for fusion energy will be presented.
Moses, E
Compliance Verification Paths for Residential and Commercial...
Verification Paths for Residential and Commercial Energy Codes Conformity assessment is a term used to describe the processes followed to demonstrate that a product, service,...
White Paper on Ion Beam Transport for ICF: Issues, R&D Need,and Tri-Lab Plans
To date, most resources for ion beam fusion have been devoted to development of accelerators and target physics; relatively few resources have gone into ion beam transport development. Because of theoretical studies and substantial experience with electron beam transport, the ion beam transport community is now poised to develop and optimize ion beam transport for ICF. Because of this Tri-Lab effort, a path for coordinated development of ion beam transport has been established. The rate of progress along this path will now be determined largely by the availability of resources.
Olson, C.; Lee, E.; Langdon, B.
The Air Microwave Yield (AMY) experiment - A laboratory measurement of the microwave emission from extensive air showers
The AMY experiment aims to measure the microwave bremsstrahlung radiation (MBR) emitted by air-showers secondary electrons accelerating in collisions with neutral molecules of the atmosphere. The measurements are performed using a beam of 510 MeV electrons at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of Frascati INFN National Laboratories. The goal of the AMY experiment is to measure in laboratory conditions the yield and the spectrum of the GHz emission in the frequency range between 1 and 20 GHz. The final purpose is to characterise the process to be used in a next generation detectors of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. A description of the experimental setup and the first results are presented.
K. Louedec; J. Alvarez-Mu�iz; M. Blanco; M. Boh�cov�; B. Buonomo; G. Cataldi; M. R. Coluccia; P. Creti; I. De Mitri; C. Di Giulio; P. Facal San Luis; L. Foggetta; R. Ga�or; D. Garcia-Fernandez; M. Iarlori; S. Le Coz; A. Letessier-Selvon; I. C. Mari?; D. Martello; G. Mazzitelli; M. Monasor; L. Perrone; R. Pesce; S. Petrera; P. Privitera; V. Rizi; G. Rodriguez Fernandez; F. Salamida; G. Salina; M. Settimo; P. Valente; J. R. Vazquez; V. Verzi; C. Williams
Evaluation of Calcine Disposition Path Forward
This document describes an evaluation of the baseline and two alternative disposition paths for the final disposition of the calcine wastes stored at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The pathways are evaluated against a prescribed set of criteria and a recommendation is made for the path forward.
Birrer, S.A.; Heiser, M.B.
Evaluation of Calcine Disposition - Path Forward
Steve Birrer
On-The-Fly Path Reduction
Path reduction is a well-known technique to alleviate the state-explosion problem incurred by explicit-state model checking, its key idea being to store states only at predetermined breaking points. This paper presents an adaptation of this technique ... Keywords: model checking, path reduction, state explosion, verification
Sebastian Biallas; J�rg Brauer; Dominique G�ckel; Stefan Kowalewski
Deep Space Formation Flying Spacecraft Path Planning
Efficient algorithms for collision-free energy sub-optimal path planning for formations of spacecraft flying in deep space are presented. The idea is to introduce a set of way-points through which the spacecraft are required to pass, combined with ... Keywords: formation flying spacecraft, path planning for multiple mobile robot systems, trajectory generation
Cornel Sultan; Sanjeev Seereram; Raman K. Mehra
Path dependent analysis of logic programs
This paper presents an abstract semantics that uses information about execution paths to improve precision of data flow analyses of logic programs. We illustrate the abstract semantics by abstracting execution paths using call strings of fixed length ... Keywords: Abstract interpretation, Call strings, Context sensitive analysis
Lunjin Lu
Path Dependent Analysis of Logic Programs
This paper presents an abstract semantics that uses information about execution paths to improve precision of data flow analyses of logic programs. The abstract semantics is illustrated by abstracting execution paths using call strings of fixed length ... Keywords: abstract interpretation, call strings, context sensitive analysis
Bootstrapping path-based pronoun resolution
We present an approach to pronoun resolution based on syntactic paths. Through a simple bootstrapping procedure, we learn the likelihood of coreference between a pronoun and a candidate noun based on the path in the parse tree between the two entities. ...
Shane Bergsma; Dekang Lin
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
This paper is a compilation of the essential results of our experimental work in the determination of the path of carbon in photosynthesis. There are discussions of the dark fixation of photosynthesis and methods of separation and identification including paper chromatography and radioautography. The definition of the path of carbon in photosynthesis by the distribution of radioactivity within the compounds is described.
48 THE PATH OF O Y m IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS X G Go D, Dorough andTm PATH OF O Y E I N PHOTOSYNTHESIS X G N by Go D, Doroughe s e workers found that, photosynthesis i s represented by
Dorough, G.D.; Calvin, M.
This paper is a compilation of the essential results of our experimental work in the determination of the path of carbon in photosynthesis. There are discussions of the dark fixation of photosynthesis and methods of separation and identification including paper chromatography and radioautography. The definition of the path of carbon in photosynthesis by the distribution of radioactivity Within the compounds is described.
Demonstration of an optical quantum controlled-NOT gate without path interference
We report the first experimental demonstration of an optical quantum controlled-NOT gate without any path interference, where the two interacting path interferometers of the original proposals (Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 66}, 024308 (2001), Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 65}, 012314 (2002)) have been replaced by three partially polarizing beam splitters with suitable polarization dependent transmittances and reflectances. The performance of the device is evaluated using a recently proposed method (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 94}, 160504 (2005)), by which the quantum process fidelity and the entanglement capability can be estimated from the 32 measurement results of two classical truth tables, significantly less than the 256 measurement results required for full quantum tomography.
Okamoto, R; Takeuchi, S; Sasaki, K; Okamoto, Ryo; Hofmann, Holger F.; Takeuchi, Shigeki; Sasaki, Keiji
Ryo Okamoto; Holger F. Hofmann; Shigeki Takeuchi; Keiji Sasaki
Hybrid Microwave Cavity Heat Engine
We propose and analyze the use of hybrid microwave cavities as quantum heat engines. A possible realization consists of two macroscopically separated quantum dot conductors coupled capacitively to the fundamental mode of a microwave cavity. We demonstrate that an electrical current can be induced in one conductor through cavity-mediated processes by heating up the other conductor. The heat engine can reach Carnot efficiency with optimal conversion of heat to work. When the system delivers the maximum power, the efficiency can be a large fraction of the Carnot efficiency. The heat engine functions even with moderate electronic relaxation and dephasing in the quantum dots. We provide detailed estimates for the electrical current and output power using realistic parameters.
Christian Bergenfeldt; Peter Samuelsson; Bj�rn Sothmann; Christian Flindt; Markus B�ttiker
From Microwave Anisotropies to Cosmology
Fluctuations in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background have now been detected over a wide range of angular scales, and a consistent picture seems to be emerging. This article describes some of the implications for cosmology. Analysis of all the published detections suggests the existence of a peak on degree scales of height 2.4 to 10 (90%CL) relative to the amplitude of the power spectrum at large angular scales. This result confirms an early prediction, implies that the universe did in fact recombine, and limits theories of structure formation. Illustrative examples are provided of how the comparison of microwave background and large-scale structure data will be a potentially powerful means of answering fundamental questions about the universe.
Douglas Scott; Joe Silk; Martin White
Intercalibrated Passive Microwave Rain Products from the Unified Microwave Ocean Retrieval Algorithm (UMORA)
The Unified Microwave Ocean Retrieval Algorithm (UMORA) simultaneously retrieves sea surface temperature, surface wind speed, columnar water vapor, columnar cloud water, and surface rain rate from a variety of passive microwave radiometers ...
K. A. Hilburn; F. J. Wentz
Microwave-enhanced chemical processes
A process for disposal of toxic wastes including chlorinated hydrocarbons, comprising, establishing a bed of non-metallic particulates having a high dielectric loss factor. Effecting intimate contact of the particulates and the toxic wastes at a temperature in excess of about 400.degree. C. in the presence of microwave radiation for a time sufficient to break the hydrocarbon chlorine bonds and provide detoxification values in excess of 80 and further detoxifying the bed followed by additional disposal of toxic wastes.
Varma, Ravi (Hinsdale, IL)
High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed transition-edge sensor array
We demonstrate very high resolution photon spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed two-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array. We measured a $^{153}$Gd photon source and achieved an energy resolution of 63 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 97 keV and an equivalent readout system noise of 86 pA/$\\sqrt{\\text{Hz}}$ at the TES. The readout circuit consists of superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-devices (SQUID) and transduces changes in input current to changes in phase of a microwave signal. We use flux-ramp modulation to linearize the response and evade low-frequency noise. This demonstration establishes one path for the readout of cryogenic X-ray and gamma-ray sensor arrays with more than $10^3$ elements and spectral resolving powers $R=\\lambda/\\Delta\\lambda > 10^3$.
Omid Noroozian; John A. B. Mates; Douglas A. Bennett; Justus A. Brevik; Joseph W. Fowler; Jiansong Gao; Gene C. Hilton; Robert D. Horansky; Kent D. Irwin; Zhao Kang; Daniel R. Schmidt; Leila R. Vale; Joel N. Ullom
Microwave Tokamak Experiment: Overview and status
The Microwave Tokamak Experiment, now under construction at the Laboratory, will use microwave heating from a free-electron laser. The intense microwave pulses will be injected into the tokamak to realize several goals, including a demonstration of the effects of localized heat deposition within magnetically confined plasma, a better understanding of energy confinement in tokamaks, and use of the new free-electron laser technology for plasma heating. 3 figs., 3 tabs.
Microwave Application to Environmental Problems : Model ...
Difference between Life and Death of Bacterium against Microwave Power under ... Sintering and Plastic Deformation of Ceramics under Pulsed Electric Current.
Application of Microwave Heating for Reduction of ...
Rapid Baking of Friction Material with Microwaves
The curing is followed by baking in electrical oven with multistage heating for ... Difference between Life and Death of Bacterium against Microwave Power under
Process for microwave sintering boron carbide
A method of microwave sintering boron carbide comprises leaching boron carbide powder with an aqueous solution of nitric acid to form a leached boron carbide powder. The leached boron carbide powder is coated with a glassy carbon precursor to form a coated boron carbide powder. The coated boron carbide powder is consolidated in an enclosure of boron nitride particles coated with a layer of glassy carbon within a container for microwave heating to form an enclosed coated boron carbide powder. The enclosed coated boron carbide powder is sintered within the container for microwave heating with microwave energy.
Holcombe, C.E.; Morrow, M.S.
Investigation on Microstructural Characterization of Microwave ...
... substrate have been developed through home microwave oven at frequency ... On the Interrelationship of Applied Fields and Heating Rates during Electric�...
Innovative Microwave Technology - Energy Innovation Portal
Hadron Technologies, Inc. has signed an exclusive license for a Hybrid Microwave and Off-Gas Treatment System ... within the commercial and ... Buildi ...
Microwave Spectra of Molecules of Astrophysical Interest. ...
Page 1. Microwave Spectra of Molecules of Astrophysical Interest. XXVI. Acetic Acid �CH3COOH� ... 100 3. Acetic Acid Spectral Tables. . . . . ...
New Energy Efficiency Standards for Microwave Ovens to Save Consumers...
New Energy Efficiency Standards for Microwave Ovens to Save Consumers on Energy Bills New Energy Efficiency Standards for Microwave Ovens to Save Consumers on Energy Bills May 31,...
EETD Assists in Analysis of Microwave Oven Energy Efficiency...
EETD Assists in Analysis of Microwave Oven Energy Efficiency Standard June 2013 The Department of Energy recently announced new energy efficiency standards for microwave ovens....
Near-Instantaneous Microwave Heating and Cooling for Microfluidic ...
home \\ technologies \\ microwave heating of microfluidics. Technologies: Ready-to-Sign Licenses: Software: Patents: Near-Instantaneous Microwave Heating and Cooling ...
NERSC Continues Tradition of Cosmic Microwave Background Data...
Tradition of Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analysis with the Planck Cluster NERSC Continues Tradition of Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analysis with the Planck...
Scaling studies and time-resolved microwave measurements on a relativistic backward-wave oscillator
The authors built a relativistic backward-wave oscillator (BWO) operating at a frequency near 8 GHz. In the experiments, the parameters of the 60-ns electron beam driving this microwave source were varied over the ranges 0.8--1.5 MV and 2--10 kA. Also, they tried several different annular cathodes for launching the electron beam varying the outer radius and shape. The axial magnetic field guiding the beam through the BWO was varied between 0.6 and 3 T. Finally, they investigated the power transfer downstream to an output waveguide as a function of the shape of the transition from the BWO to the waveguide. They discuss the scaling of the output power and frequency with these variations. In addition, they show time-resolved measurements of 2-ns-long segments of the microwave output. In observations of the microwave signal, they found the frequency shifted as the output power envelope passed through a sharp dip; they propose that this shift corresponds to a change in the longitudinal operating mode of the BWO.
Swegle, J.A.; Anderson, R.A.; Camacho, J.F.; Poole, B.R.; Rhodes, M.A.; Rosenbury, E.T.; Shaeffer, D.L. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
Definition: Scheduling Path | Open Energy Information
Scheduling Path Scheduling Path Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Scheduling Path The Transmission Service arrangements reserved by the Purchasing-Selling Entity for a Transaction.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, Purchasing-Selling Entity, Transmission Service, transmission line References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Scheduling_Path&oldid=480301" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation:
Path inference in data center networks
Path inference is the ability to determine the sequence of devices traversed by a packet within an IP network. This is a fundamental building block for several network and service management applications such as troubleshooting, planning, and ...
Kyriaki Levanti, Vijay Gopalakrishnan, Hyong S. Kim, Seungjoon Lee, Emmanuil Mavrogiorgis, Aman Shaikh
Path integration for light transport in volumes
Simulating the transport of light in volumes such as clouds or objects with subsurface scattering is computationally expensive. We describe an approximation to such transport using path integration. Unlike the more commonly used diffusion approximation, ...
Simon Premo�e; Michael Ashikhmin; Peter Shirley
Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis III
TIIE PAT3 OF C R O IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS A B K A. A. Benson andin the early products of photosynthesis, we Stepka, W. , inP THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. 111. BY A. A. Benson
Benson, A.A.; Calvin, M.
An experiment is described in which an attempt is made to follow the path of oxygen in photosynthesis by the use of O{sup 18} as a tracer.
Geomagnetic Reversals: Rates, Timescales, Preferred Paths,
Geomagnetic Reversals: Rates, Timescales, Preferred Paths, Statistical Models and Simulations: Geomagnetic reversals, Reversal rates, Paleointensity, Statistics of Geodynamo September 30, 2001 #12;Abstract Paleomagnetic data on geomagnetic reversals are divided into two general categories: times of occurrence
Constable, Catherine G.
Steam Path Audits on Industrial Steam Turbines
The electric utility industry has benefitted from steam path audits on steam turbines for several years. Benefits include the ability to identify areas of performance degradation during a turbine outage. Repair priorities can then be set in accordance with quantitative results from the steam path audit. As a result of optimized repair decisions, turbine efficiency increases, emissions decrease, and maintenance expenses decrease. These benefits can be achieved by using a computer program Encotech, Inc. developed for the utility industry to perform steam path audits. With the increased emphasis on industrial turbine efficiency, and as a result of the experience with the Destec Operating Company, Encotech is adapting the computer program to respond to the needs of the industrial steam turbine community. This paper describes the results of using the STPE computer program to conduct a steam path audit at Destec Energy's Lyondell Cogeneration power plant.
Mitchell, D. R.
EnerPath | Open Energy Information
EnerPath EnerPath Jump to: navigation, search Logo: EnerPath Name EnerPath Address 1758 Orange Tree Lane Place Redlands, California Zip 92374 Sector Buildings, Efficiency, Services Product Energy Efficiency Programs Number of employees 51-200 Website http://www.enerpath.com Coordinates 34.0678193°, -117.2147181° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":34.0678193,"lon":-117.2147181,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Method of sintering materials with microwave radiation
A method of sintering ceramic materials following: A compacted article comprising inorganic particles coated with carbon is provided, the carbon providing improved microwave coupling. The compacted article is then heated by microwave radiation to a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to sinter the compacted article.
Kimrey, Jr., Harold D. (Knoxville, TN); Holcombe, Jr., Cressie E. (Farragut, TN); Dykes, Norman L. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes in microwaves
The electromagnetic (EM) response of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) prepared by chemical vapor decomposition (CVD) method has been analyzed in the microwave frequency range. EM absorption properties of MWCNT depend on their medium diameter related ... Keywords: carbon nanotube, coating, electromagnetic absorption, microwave
S. Moseenkov; V. Kuznetsov; A. Usoltseva; I. Mazov; A. Ischenko; T. Buryakov; O. Anikeeva; A. Romanenko; P. Kuzhir; D. Bychenok; K. Batrakov; S. Maksimenko
Event:Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting...
Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in Promoting Advanced Lighting Technologies Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png Lighting Our Path: The Philips Experience in...
Feasible Offset Region Based Tool Path Planning for Face Milling
Path Planning for Face Milling, Masters Report, UniversityPath Planning for Face Milling Prabhu Ramachandran Sponsoredburr formation while face milling powertrain components in
Ramachandran, Prabhu; Dornfeld, David A
BrightPath Energy LLC | Open Energy Information
New York . References "BrightPath Energy LLC" Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleBrightPathEnergyLLC&oldid343040" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations...
Briefing: DOE EM Landfill Workshop & Path Forward | Department...
Landfill Workshop & Path Forward Briefing: DOE EM Landfill Workshop & Path Forward By: Office of Groundwater and Soil Remediation Where: SSAB Teleconference 2 Subject: DOE EM...
A process is disclosed for the disposal of toxic wastes including chlorinated hydrocarbons, comprising, establishing a bed of non-metallic particulates having a high dielectric loss factor. Intimate contact of the particulates and the toxic wastes at a temperature in excess of about 400 C in the presence of microwave radiation for a time sufficient breaks the hydrocarbon chlorine bonds. Detoxification values in excess of 80 are provided and further detoxification of the bed is followed by additional disposal of toxic wastes. 1 figure.
Varma, R.
This invention pertains to a process for disposal of toxic wastes including chlorinated hydrocarbons, comprising, establishing a bed of non-metallic particulates having a high dielectric loss factor. Effecting intimate contact of the particulates and the toxic wastes at a temperature in excess of about 400{degree}C. In the presence of microwave radiation for a time sufficient to break the hydrocarbon chlorine bonds and provide detoxification values in excess of 80 and further detoxifying the bed followed by additional disposal of toxic wastes.
Microwave-triggered laser switch
A high-repetition rate switch for delivering short duration, high-power electrical pulses from a pulsed-charged dc power supply. The present invention utilizes a microwave-generating device such as a magnetron that is capable of producing high-power pulses at high-pulse repetition rates and fast-pulse risetimes for long periods with high reliability. The rail-gap electrodes provide a large surface area that reduces induction effects and minimizes electrode erosion. Additionally, breakdown is initiated in a continuous geometric fashion that also increases operating lifetime of the device.
Piltch, Martin S. (Los Alamos, NM)
A high-repetition rate switch is described for delivering short duration, high-powered electrical pulses from a pulsed-charged dc power supply. The present invention utilizes a microwave-generating device such as a magnetron that is capable of producing high-power pulses at high-pulse repetition rates and fast-pulse risetimes for long periods with high reliability. The rail-gap electrodes provide a large surface area that reduces induction effects and minimizes electrode erosion. Additionally, breakdown is initiated in a continuous geometric fashion that also increases operating lifetime of the device.
Piltch, M.S.
BEAM LINE BEAM LINE 45 W ILHELM ROENTGEN'S INITIAL DISCOVERY of X-radiation in 1895 led immediately to practical applications in medicine. Over the next few decades X rays proved to be an invaluable tool for the investigation of the micro-world of the atom and the development of the quantum theory of matter. Almost a century later, telescopes designed to detect X-radiation are indispensable for understanding the structure and evolution of the macro-world of stars, galaxies, and the Universe as a whole. The X-Ray Universe by WALLACE H. TUCKER X-ray images of the Universe are strikingly different from the usual visible-light images. 46 SUMMER 1995 did not think: I investigated." Undeterred by NASA's rejection of a proposal to search for cosmic X-radiation, Giacconi persuaded the
Microwave generated plasma light source apparatus
A microwave generated plasma light source including a microwave generator, a microwave cavity having a light reflecting member forming at least a portion of the cavity, and a member transparent to light and opaque to microwaves disposed across an opening of the cavity opposite the feeding opening through which the microwave generator is coupled. An electrodeless discharge bulb is disposed at a position in the cavity such that the cavity operates as a resonant cavity at least when the bulb is emitting light. In the bulb is encapsulated at least one discharge light emissive substance. The bulb has a shape and is sufficiently small that the bulb acts substantially as a point light source.
Yoshizawa, K.; Ito, H.; Kodama, H.; Komura, H.; Minowa, Y.
Tandem microwave waste remediation and decontamination system
The invention discloses a tandem microwave system consisting of a primary chamber in which microwave energy is used for the controlled combustion of materials. A second chamber is used to further treat the off-gases from the primary chamber by passage through a susceptor matrix subjected to additional microwave energy. The direct microwave radiation and elevated temperatures provide for significant reductions in the qualitative and quantitative emissions of the treated off gases. The tandem microwave system can be utilized for disinfecting wastes, sterilizing materials, and/or modifying the form of wastes to solidify organic or inorganic materials. The simple design allows on-site treatment of waste by small volume waste generators.
Wicks, George G. (North Aiken, SC); Clark, David E. (Gainesville, FL); Schulz, Rebecca L. (Gainesville, FL)
Microwave Emission at High Galactic Latitudes
We use the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) 4-year sky maps to model Galactic microwave emission at high latitudes (|b| > 20 deg). Cross-correlation of the DMR maps with Galactic template maps detects fluctuations in the high-latitude microwave sky brightness with the angular variation of the DIRBE far-infrared dust maps and a frequency dependence consistent with a superposition of dust and free-free emission. We find no significant correlations between the DMR maps and various synchrotron templates. On the largest angular scales (e.g., quadrupole), Galactic emission is comparable in amplitude to the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The CMB quadrupole amplitude, after correction for Galactic emission, has amplitude $Q_{rms}$ = 10.7 uK with random uncertainty 3.6 uK and systematic uncertainty 7.1 uK from uncertainty in our knowledge of Galactic microwave emission.
A. Kogut; G. Hinshaw; A. J. Banday; C. L. Bennett; K. Gorski; G. F. Smoot; E. L. Wright
A Microwave Thruster for Spacecraft Propulsion
This presentation describes how a microwave thruster can be used for spacecraft propulsion. A microwave thruster is part of a larger class of electric propulsion devices that have higher specific impulse and lower thrust than conventional chemical rocket engines. Examples of electric propulsion devices are given in this presentation and it is shown how these devices have been used to accomplish two recent space missions. The microwave thruster is then described and it is explained how the thrust and specific impulse of the thruster can be measured. Calculations of the gas temperature and plasma properties in the microwave thruster are discussed. In addition a potential mission for the microwave thruster involving the orbit raising of a space station is explored.
Chiravalle, Vincent P [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Accelerator beam profile analyzer
A beam profile analyzer employing sector or quadrant plates each servo controlled to outline the edge of a beam.
Godel, Julius B. (Bayport, NY); Guillaume, Marcel (Grivegnee, BE); Lambrecht, Richard M. (East Quogue, NY); Withnell, Ronald (East Setauket, NY)
Rapid cycling medical synchrotron and beam delivery system
A medical synchrotron which cycles rapidly in order to accelerate particles for delivery in a beam therapy system. The synchrotron generally includes a radiofrequency (RF) cavity for accelerating the particles as a beam and a plurality of combined function magnets arranged in a ring. Each of the combined function magnets performs two functions. The first function of the combined function magnet is to bend the particle beam along an orbital path around the ring. The second function of the combined function magnet is to focus or defocus the particle beam as it travels around the path. The radiofrequency (RF) cavity is a ferrite loaded cavity adapted for high speed frequency swings for rapid cycling acceleration of the particles.
Peggs, Stephen G. (Port Jefferson, NY); Brennan, J. Michael (East Northport, NY); Tuozzolo, Joseph E. (Sayville, NY); Zaltsman, Alexander (Commack, NY)
New and improved apparatus and method for monitoring the intensities of charged-particle beams
Charged particle beam monitoring means are disposed in the path of a charged particle beam in an experimental device. The monitoring means comprise a beam monitoring component which is operable to prevent passage of a portion of beam, while concomitantly permitting passage of another portion thereof for incidence in an experimental chamber, and providing a signal (I/sub m/) indicative of the intensity of the beam portion which is not passed. Caibration means are disposed in the experimental chamber in the path of the said another beam portion and are operable to provide a signal (I/sub f/) indicative of the intensity thereof. Means are provided to determine the ratio (R) between said signals whereby, after suitable calibration, the calibration means may be removed from the experimental chamber and the intensity of the said another beam portion determined by monitoring of the monitoring means signal, per se.
Varma, M.N.; Baum, J.W.
Floating data acquisition system for microwave calorimeter measurements on MTX
A microwave calorimeter has been designed for making 140-GHz absorption measurements on the MTX. Measurement of the intensity and spatial distribution of the FEL-generated microwave beam on the inner wall will indicate the absorption characteristics of the plasma when heated with a 140 GHz FEL pulse. The calorimeter works by monitoring changes of temperature in silicon carbide tiles located on the inner wall of the tokamak. Thermistors are used to measure the temperature of each tile. The tiles are located inside the tokamak about 1 cm outside of the limiter radius at machine potential. The success of this measurement depends on our ability to float the data acquisition system near machine potential and isolate it from the rest of the vault ground system. Our data acquisition system has 48 channels of thermistor signal conditioning, a multiplexer and digitizer section, a serial data formatter, and a fiber-optic transmitter to send the data out. Additionally, we bring timing signals to the interface through optical fibers to tell it when to begin measurement, while maintaining isolation. The receiver is an HP 200 series computer with a serial data interface; the computer provides storage and local display for the shot temperature profile. Additionally, the computer provides temporary storage of the data until it can be passed to a shared resource management system for archiving. 2 refs., 6 figs.
Sewall, N.R.; Meassick, S. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA))
Application of reactor-pumped lasers to power beaming
Power beaming is the concept of centralized power generation and distribution to remote users via energy beams such as microwaves or laser beams. The power beaming community is presently performing technical evaluations of available lasers as part of the design process for developing terrestrial and space-based power beaming systems. This report describes the suitability of employing a nuclear reactor-pumped laser in a power beaming system. Although there are several technical issues to be resolved, the power beaming community currently believes that the AlGaAs solid-state laser is the primary candidate for power beaming because that laser meets the many design criteria for such a system and integrates well with the GaAs photodiode receiver array. After reviewing the history and physics of reactor-pumped lasers, the advantages of these lasers for power beaming are discussed, along with several technical issues which are currently facing reactor-pumped laser research. The overriding conclusion is that reactor-pumped laser technology is not presently developed to the point of being technially or economically competitive with more mature solid-state technologies for application to power beaming. 58 refs.
Repetti, T.E.
Microwave combustion and sintering without isostatic pressure
In recent years interest has grown rapidly in the application of microwave energy to the processing of ceramics, composites, polymers, and other materials. Advances in the understanding of microwave/materials interactions will facilitate the production of new ceramic materials with superior mechanical properties. One application of particular interest is the use of microwave energy for the mobilization of uranium for subsequent redeposition. Phase III (FY98) will focus on the microwave assisted chemical vapor infiltration tests for mobilization and redeposition of radioactive species in the mixed sludge waste. Uranium hexachloride and uranium (IV) borohydride are volatile compounds for which the chemical vapor infiltration procedure might be developed for the separation of uranium. Microwave heating characterized by an inverse temperature profile within a preformed ceramic matrix will be utilized for CVI using a carrier gas. Matrix deposition is expected to commence from the inside of the sample where the highest temperature is present. The preform matrix materials, which include aluminosilicate based ceramics and silicon carbide based ceramics, are all amenable to extreme volume reduction, densification, and vitrification. Important parameters of microwave sintering such as frequency, power requirement, soaking temperature, and holding time will be investigated to optimize process conditions for the volatilization of uranyl species using a reactive carrier gas in a microwave chamber.
Ebadian, M.A.
Modelling pronunciation variation with single-path and multi-path syllable models: Issues to consider
In this paper, we construct context-independent single-path and multi-path syllable models aimed at improved pronunciation variation modelling. We use phonetic transcriptions to define the topologies of the syllable models and to initialise the model ... Keywords: ASR, HMM, Pronunciation variation, Syllable, Topology
Annika H�m�l�inen; Louis ten Bosch; Lou Boves
A survey on coverage path planning for robotics
Coverage Path Planning (CPP) is the task of determining a path that passes over all points of an area or volume of interest while avoiding obstacles. This task is integral to many robotic applications, such as vacuum cleaning robots, painter robots, ... Keywords: Coverage path planning, Motion planning, Path planning
Enric Galceran, Marc Carreras
Integration of Global Positioning System and Scanning Water Vapor Radiometers for Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Path Estimates
Integration of Global Positioning System and Scanning Integration of Global Positioning System and Scanning Water Vapor Radiometers for Precipitable Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Path Estimates V. Mattioli and P. Basili Department of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Perugia Perugia, Italy E. R. Westwater Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado Introduction In recent years the Global Positioning System (GPS) has proved to be a reliable instrument for measuring precipitable water vapor (PWV) (Bevis et al. 1992), offering an independent source of information on water vapor when compared with microwave radiometers (MWRs), and/or radiosonde
Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager
Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) Global Gridded Products Agriculture Community Menu DATA APPS EVENTS DEVELOPER STATISTICS COLLABORATE ABOUT Agriculture You are here Data.gov » Communities » Agriculture » Data Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) Global Gridded Products Dataset Summary Description The SSM/I products are useful for evaluating the mean climate state, it's interannual and seasonal variations, and the detection of anomalies associated with ENSO and regional climatic variations. The Hydrology Team has assembled a time series of the entire SSM/I archive, now entering it's 16th year, which includes data from July 1987 to the present. Monthly average products are produced for precipitation, cloud liquid water, total precipitable water, snow cover, sea-ice cover, and oceanic surface wind speed.
A taxonomy of integral reaction path analysis
W. C. Gardiner observed that achieving understanding through combustion modeling is limited by the ability to recognize the implications of what has been computed and to draw conclusions about the elementary steps underlying the reaction mechanism. This difficulty can be overcome in part by making better use of reaction path analysis in the context of multidimensional flame simulations. Following a survey of current practice, an integral reaction flux is formulated in terms of conserved scalars that can be calculated in a fully automated way. Conditional analyses are then introduced, and a taxonomy for bidirectional path analysis is explored. Many examples illustrate the resulting path analysis and uncover some new results about nonpremixed methane-air laminar jets.
Grcar, Joseph F.; Day, Marcus S.; Bell, John B.
Planar slot coupled microwave hybrid
A symmetrical 180.degree. microwave hybrid is constructed by opening a slot line in a ground plane below a conducting strip disposed on a dielectric substrate, creating a slot coupled conductor. Difference signals propagating on the slot coupled conductor are isolated on the slot line leaving sum signals to propagate on the microstrip. The difference signal is coupled from the slot line onto a second microstrip line for transmission to a desired location. The microstrip branches in a symmetrical fashion to provide the input/output ports of the 180.degree. hybrid. The symmetry of the device provides for balance and isolation between sum and difference signals, and provides an advantageous balance between the power handling capabilities and the bandwidth of the device.
Petter, Jeffrey K. (Williston, VT)
Preliminary experimental investigation of a dual-band relativistic backward wave oscillator with dual beams
A dual-band relativistic backward wave oscillator with dual electron beams generating C-band and X-band microwaves is investigated experimentally. The frequencies, powers, and radiation patterns of the dual-band microwaves are measured. With the diode voltage of 657 kV and the total beam current of 14 kA guided by a magnetic field of about 1.7 T, the dual-band microwaves are generated with dominant frequencies of 4.58 and 8.30 GHz close to the results from the particle-in-cell simulation. The powers of the C-band and X-band microwaves are 520 and 113 MW, respectively. The effects of variations in the guiding magnetic field and diode voltage on the powers of the dual-band microwaves are presented and discussed. The radiation patterns of the dual-band microwaves from the radiating antenna are tested both corresponding to a TM{sub 01} mode and the independency of the operation processes of them is discussed.
Wang Ting; Qian Baoliang; Zhang Jiande; Zhang Xiaoping; Cao Yibing; Zhang Qiang [College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073 (China)
Scattering apodizer for laser beams
A method is disclosed for apodizing a laser beam to smooth out the production of diffraction peaks due to optical discontinuities in the path of the laser beam, such method comprising introduction of a pattern of scattering elements for reducing the peak intensity in the region of such optical discontinuities, such pattern having smoothly tapering boundaries in which the distribution density of the scattering elements is tapered gradually to produce small gradients in the distribution density, such pattern of scattering elements being effective to reduce and smooth out the diffraction effects which would otherwise be produced. The apodizer pattern may be produced by selectively blasting a surface of a transparent member with fine abrasive particles to produce a multitude of minute pits. In one embodiment, a scattering apodizer pattern is employed to overcome diffraction patterns in a multiple element crystal array for harmonic conversion of a laser beam. The interstices and the supporting grid between the crystal elements are obscured by the gradually tapered apodizer pattern of scattering elements.
Summers, Mark A. (Livermore, CA); Hagen, Wilhelm F. (Livermore, CA); Boyd, Robert D. (Livermore, CA)
Summers, M.A.; Hagen, W.F.; Boyd, R.D.
Space Charge Correction on Emittance Measurement of Low Energy Electron Beams
The goal of any particle accelerator is to optimize the transport of a charged particle beam along a set path by confining the beam to a small region close to the design trajectory and directing it accurately along the beamline. To do so in the simplest fashion, accelerators use a system of magnets that exert approximately linear electromagnetic forces on the charged beam. These electromagnets bend the beam along the desired path, in the case of bending magnets, and constrain the beam to the desired area through alternating focusing and defocusing effects, in the case of quadrupole magnets. We can model the transport of such a beam through transfer matrices representing the actions of the various beamline elements. However, space charge effects, produced from self electric fields within the beam, defocus the beam and must be accounted for in the calculation of beam emittance. We present below the preliminary results of a MATLAB code built to model the transport of a charged particle beam through an accelerator and measure the emittance under the influence of space charge effects. We demonstrate the method of correctly calculating the emittance of a beam under space charge effects using a least square fit to determine the initial properties of the beam given the beam size measured at a specific point after transport.
Treado, Colleen J.; /Massachusetts U., Amherst
Modulated microwave microscopy and probes used therewith
A microwave microscope including a probe tip electrode vertically positionable over a sample and projecting downwardly from the end of a cantilever. A transmission line connecting the tip electrode to the electronic control system extends along the cantilever and is separated from a ground plane at the bottom of the cantilever by a dielectric layer. The probe tip may be vertically tapped near or at the sample surface at a low frequency and the microwave signal reflected from the tip/sample interaction is demodulated at the low frequency. Alternatively, a low-frequency electrical signal is also a non-linear electrical element associated with the probe tip to non-linearly interact with the applied microwave signal and the reflected non-linear microwave signal is detected at the low frequency. The non-linear element may be semiconductor junction formed near the apex of the probe tip or be an FET formed at the base of a semiconducting tip.
Lai, Keji; Kelly, Michael; Shen, Zhi-Xun
Satellite Microwave Surface Observations in Tropical Cyclones
Sea surface estimates of local winds, waves, and rain-rate conditions are crucial to complement infrared/visible satellite images in estimating the strength of tropical cyclones (TCs). Satellite measurements at microwave frequencies are thus key ...
Yves Quilfen; Bertrand Chapron; Jean Tournadre
Chemical vapor infiltration using microwave energy
This invention is comprised of a method for producing reinforced ceramic composite articles by means of chemical vapor infiltration and deposition in which an inverted temperature gradient is utilized. Microwave energy is the source of heat for the process.
Devlin, D.J.; Currier, R.P.; Laia, J.R.; Barbero, R.S.
Beamfilling Errors in Passive Microwave Rainfall Retrievals
There are currently large numbers of rainfall retrieval algorithms based upon passive microwave radiances. Most of these algorithms are physically based in that they use explicit physical assumptions to derive relationships between brightness ...
Christian Kummerow
Detection of contraband using microwave radiation
The present invention relates to a method and system for using microwave radiation to detect contraband hidden inside of a non-metallic container, such as a pneumatic vehicle tire. The method relies on the attenuation, retardation, time delay, or phase shift of microwave radiation as it passes through the container plus the contraband. The method is non-invasive, non-destructive, low power, and does not require physical contact with the container.
Toth, Richard P. (Albuquerque, NM); Loubriel, Guillermo M. (Albuquerque, NM); Bacon, Larry D. (Albuquerque, NM); Watson, Robert D. (Tijeras, NM)
PHAST: Hardware-Accelerated Shortest Path Trees
We present a novel algorithm to solve the nonnegative single-source shortest path problem on road networks and other graphs with low highway dimension. After a quick preprocessing phase, we can compute all distances from a given source in the graph with ...
Daniel Delling; Andrew V. Goldberg; Andreas Nowatzyk; Renato F. Werneck
VC-dimension and shortest path algorithms
We explore the relationship between VC-dimension and graph algorithm design. In particular, we show that set systems induced by sets of vertices on shortest paths have VC-dimension at most two. This allows us to use a result from learning theory to improve ...
Ittai Abraham; Daniel Delling; Amos Fiat; Andrew V. Goldberg; Renato F. Werneck
Path specialization: reducing phased execution overheads
As garbage collected languages become widely used, the quest for reducing collection overheads becomes essential. In this paper, we propose a compiler optimization called path specialization that shrinks the cost of memory barriers for a wide ... Keywords: c#, garbage collection, memory management, read barriers, write barriers
Filip Pizlo; Erez Petrank; Bjarne Steensgaard
Path selection in multi-layer networks
Multi-layer networks are computer networks where the configuration of the network can be changed dynamically at multiple layers. However, in practice, technologies at different layers may be incompatible to each other, which necessitates a careful choice ... Keywords: Multi-layer network, Network description, Path selection
Fernando Kuipers; Freek Dijkstra
Learning to improve path planning performance
In robotics, path planning refers to finding a short. collision-free path from an initial robot configuration to a desired configuratioin. It has to be fast to support real-time task-level robot programming. Unfortunately, current planning techniques are still too slow to be effective, as they often require several minutes, if not hours of computation. To remedy this situation, we present and analyze a learning algorithm that uses past experience to increase future performance. The algorithm relies on an existing path planner to provide solutions to difficult tasks. From these solutions, an evolving sparse network of useful robot configurations is learned to support faster planning. More generally, the algorithm provides a speedup-learning framework in which a slow but capable planner may be improved both cost-wise and capability-wise by a faster but less capable planner coupled with experience. The basic algorithm is suitable for stationary environments, and can be extended to accommodate changing environments with on-demand experience repair and object-attached experience abstraction. To analyze the algorithm, we characterize the situations in which the adaptive planner is useful, provide quantitative bounds to predict its behavior, and confirm our theoretical results with experiments in path planning of manipulators. Our algorithm and analysis are sufficiently, general that they may also be applied to other planning domains in which experience is useful.
Chen, Pang C.
Current SPE Hydrodynamic Modeling and Path Forward
Extensive work has been conducted on SPE analysis efforts: Fault effects Non-uniform weathered layer analysis MUNROU: material library incorporation, parallelization, and development of non-locking tets Development of a unique continuum-based-visco-plastic strain-rate-dependent material model With corrected SPE data path is now set for a multipronged approach to fully understand experimental series shot effects.
Knight, Earl E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rougier, Esteban [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Simple beam profile monitor
An inexpensive beam profile monitor is based on the well proven rotating wire method. The monitor can display beam position and shape in real time for particle beams of most energies and beam currents up to 200{mu}A. Beam shape, position cross-section and other parameters are displayed on a computer screen.
Gelbart, W.; Johnson, R. R.; Abeysekera, B. [ASD Inc. Garden Bay, BC (Canada); Best Theratronics Ltd Ottawa Ontario (Canada); PharmaSpect Ltd., Burnaby BC (Canada)
Microwave proton source development for a high-current linac injector
Powerful CW proton linear accelerators (100-mA at 0.5--1.0 GeV) are being proposed for spallation neutron-source applications. A 75-keV, 110-mA dc proton injector using a microwave ion source is being tested for these applications. It has achieved 80-keV, 110-mA hydrogen-ion-beam operation. Video and dc beam-current toroid diagnostics are operational, and an EPICS control system is also operational on the 75-keV injector. A technical base development program has also been carried out on a 50-keV injector obtained from Chalk River Laboratories, and it includes low-energy beam transport studies, ion source lifetime tests, and proton-fraction enhancement studies. Technical base results and the present status of the 75-keV injector will be presented.
Sherman, J.; Bolme, G.; Geisik, C. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Accelerator Operations and Technology Div.] [and others
Relativistic electron beam generator
A relativistic electron beam generator for laser media excitation is described. The device employs a diode type relativistic electron beam source having a cathode shape which provides a rectangular output beam with uniform current density.
Mooney, L.J.; Hyatt, H.M.
RF plasma sources for neutral-beam-injection systems. Phase I: definition study. Final report
The key design issues driving the selection of a plasma generation method are discussed. The main programmatic issue in source selection was ease of implementation on existing and planned neutral beam systems. The two source concepts selected for detailed consideration, one employing electron cyclotron heating at microwave frequencies and one employing radio frequency induction heating, are described. Preliminary RFI hydrogen discharge experiments in a geometry suitable for neutral beam system application are described.
Characteristics and potential applications of an ORNL microwave ECR multicusp plasma ion source
A new microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) multicusp plasma ion source that has two ECR plasma production regions and uses multicusp plasma confinement has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This source has been operated to produce uniform and dense plasma over large areas of 300 to 400 cm{sup 2} and could be scaled up to produce uniform plasma over 700 cm{sup 2} or larger. The plasma source has been operated with continuous argon gas feed and pulsed microwave power. The working gases used were argon, helium, hydrogen, and oxygen. The discharge initiation phenomena and plasma properties have been investigated and studied as functions of the discharge parameters. The discharge characteristics and a hypothetical discharge mechanism for this plasma source are described and discussed. Potential applications, including plasma and ion-beam sources for manufacturing advanced microelectronics, for space electric propulsion, and for fusion research, are discussed. 10 refs., 10 figs.
Tsai, C.C.
Potential applications of a new microwave ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) multicusp plasma ion source
A new microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) multicusp plasma ion source using two ECR plasma production regions and multicusp plasma confinement has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This source has been operated to produce uniform and dense plasmas over large areas of 300 to 400 cm{sup 2}. The plasma source has been operated with continuous argon gas feed and pulsed microwave power. The discharge initiation phenomena and plasma properties have been investigated and studied as functions of discharge parameters. Together with the discharge characteristics observed, a hypothetical discharge mechanism for this plasma source is reported and discussed. Potential applications, including plasma and ion-beam processing for manufacturing advanced microelectronics and for space electric propulsion, are discussed. 7 refs., 6 figs.
A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil EnergyA Potential Path...
3 A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil Energy The National Energy Technology Laboratory's chemical looping reactor, above, is the only one of its kind in the Western...
NK Muon Beam
The NK Muon Beam will be a modified version of the existing NT beam line. The decision to employ a modified version of the NT beam line was made based on considerations of cost and availability of the beam line. Preliminary studies considered use of other beam lines, e.g., the NW beam line, and even of moving the bubble chamber with its superconducting coils but were rejected for reasons such as cost, personnel limitations, and potential conflicts with other users.
Koizumi, G.
Energy Efficient Microwave Hybrid Processing of Lime for Cement, Steel, and Glass Industries
In this study, the microwave materials interactions were studied through dielectric property measurements, process modeling, and lab scale microwave hybrid calcination tests. Characterization and analysis were performed to evaluate material reactions and energy usage. Processing parameters for laboratory scale and larger scale calcining experiments were developed for MAT limestone calcination. Early stage equipment design concepts were developed, with a focus on microwave post heating treatment. The retrofitting of existing rotary calcine equipment in the lime industry was assessed and found to be feasible. Ceralink sought to address some of the major barriers to the uptake of MAT identified as the need for (1) team approach with end users, technology partners, and equipment manufacturers, (2) modeling that incorporates kiln materials and variations to the design of industrial microwave equipment. This project has furthered the commercialization effort of MAT by working closely with an industrial lime manufacturer to educate them regarding MAT, identifying equipment manufacturer to supply microwave equipment, and developing a sophisticated MAT modeling with WPI, the university partner. MAT was shown to enhance calcining through lower energy consumption and faster reaction rates compared to conventional processing. Laboratory testing concluded that a 23% reduction in energy was possible for calcining small batches (5kg). Scale-up testing indicated that the energy savings increased as a function of load size and 36% energy savings was demonstrated (22 kg). A sophisticated model was developed which combines simultaneous microwave and conventional heating. Continued development of this modeling software could be used for larger scale calcining simulations, which would be a beneficial low-cost tool for exploring equipment design prior to actual building. Based on these findings, estimates for production scale MAT calcining benefits were calculated, assuming uptake of MAT in the US lime industry. This estimate showed that 7.3 TBTU/year could be saved, with reduction of 270 MMlbs of CO2 emissions, and $29 MM/year in economic savings. Taking into account estimates for MAT implementation in the US cement industry, an additional 39 TBTU/year, 3 Blbs of CO2 and $155 MM/year could be saved. One of the main remaining barriers to commercialization of MAT for the lime and cement industries is the sheer size of production. Through this project, it was realized that a production size MAT rotary calciner was not feasible, and a different approach was adapted. The concept of a microwave post heat section located in the upper portion of the cooler was devised and appears to be a more realistic approach for MAT implementation. Commercialization of this technology will require (1) continued pilot scale calcining demonstrations, (2) involvement of lime kiln companies, and (3) involvement of an industrial microwave equipment provider. An initial design concept for a MAT post-heat treatment section was conceived as a retrofit into the cooler sections of existing lime rotary calciners with a 1.4 year payback. Retrofitting will help spur implementation of this technology, as the capital investment will be minimal for enhancing the efficiency of current rotary lime kilns. Retrofits would likely be attractive to lime manufacturers, as the purchase of a new lime kiln is on the order of a $30 million dollar investment, where as a MAT retrofit is estimated on the order of $1 million. The path for commercialization lies in partnering with existing lime kiln companies, who will be able to implement the microwave post heat sections in existing and new build kilns. A microwave equipment provider has been identified, who would make up part of the continued development and commercialization team.
Fall, Morgana L; Yakovlev, Vadim; Sahi, Catherine; Baranova, Inessa; Bowers, Johnney G; Esquenazi , Gibran L
The path forward: Monte Carlo Convergence discussion
This is a summary of 'the path forward' discussion session of the NuInt09 workshop which focused on Monte Carlo event generators. The main questions raised as part of this discussion are: how to make Monte Carlo generators more reliable and how important it is to work on a universal Monte Carlo generator of events? In this contribution, several experts in the field summarize their views, as presented at the workshop.
Andreopoulos, Costas [Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC Oxfordshire OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Gallagher, Hugh [Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (United States); Hayato, Yoshinari [Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, University of Tokyo Higashi-Mozumi 456, Kamioka-cho, Hida-city Gifu 506-1205 (Japan); Sobczyk, Jan T. [Institute of Theoretical Physics, Wroclaw, University Poland (Poland); Walter, Chris [Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 (United States); Zeller, Sam [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Free Energy Changes, Fluctuations, and Path Probabilities
We illustrate some of the static and dynamic relations discovered by Cohen, Crooks, Evans, Jarzynski, Kirkwood, Morriss, Searles, and Zwanzig. These relations link nonequilibrium processes to equilibrium isothermal free energy changes and to dynamical path probabilities. We include ideas suggested by Dellago, Geissler, Oberhofer, and Schoell-Paschinger. Our treatment is intended to be pedagogical, for use in an updated version of our book: Time Reversibility, Computer Simulation, and Chaos. Comments are very welcome.
William G. Hoover; Carol G. Hoover
Automatic tool path generation for finish machining
A system for automatic tool path generation was developed at Sandia National Laboratories for finish machining operations. The system consists of a commercially available 5-axis milling machine controlled by Sandia developed software. This system was used to remove overspray on cast turbine blades. A laser-based, structured-light sensor, mounted on a tool holder, is used to collect 3D data points around the surface of the turbine blade. Using the digitized model of the blade, a tool path is generated which will drive a 0.375 inch diameter CBN grinding pin around the tip of the blade. A fuzzified digital filter was developed to properly eliminate false sensor readings caused by burrs, holes and overspray. The digital filter was found to successfully generate the correct tool path for a blade with intentionally scanned holes and defects. The fuzzified filter improved the computation efficiency by a factor of 25. For application to general parts, an adaptive scanning algorithm was developed and presented with simulation results. A right pyramid and an ellipsoid were scanned successfully with the adaptive algorithm.
Kwok, Kwan S.; Loucks, C.S.; Driessen, B.J.
Experimental and numerical investigation of phonon mean free path distribution
Knowledge of phonon mean free path (MFP) distribution is critically important to engineering size effects. Phenomenological models of phonon relaxation times can give us some sense about the mean free path distribution, ...
Zeng, Lingping
Terminal area flight path generation using parallel constraint propagation
A Flight Path Generator is defined as the module of an automated Air Traffic Control system which plans aircraft trajectories in the terminal area with respect to operational constraints. The flight path plans have to be ...
Sadoune, Michel
China Energy and Emissions Paths to 2030 (2nd Edition)
China Energy and Emissions Paths to 2030 (2nd Edition) Title China Energy and Emissions Paths to 2030 (2nd Edition) Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2012 Authors...
A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil Energy | Department...
A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil Energy A Potential Path to Emissions-Free Fossil Energy August 20, 2013 - 10:00am Addthis The National Energy Technology Laboratory's...
Parametric Rainfall Retrieval Algorithms for Passive Microwave Radiometers
A methodology is described to construct fully parametric rainfall retrieval algorithms for a variety of passive microwave sensors that exist today and are planned for the future. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (...
Dong-Bin Shin; Christian Kummerow
A Statistical Modeling Approach to Passive Microwave Rainfall Retrieval
A new empirical algorithm for retrieving rainfall rates from passive microwave (particularly Special Sensor Microwave/Imager) data is presented. Errors caused by spatial and temporal variation of surface temperature, emissivity, and atmospheric ...
Douglas M. Smith; Dominic R. Kniveton; Eric C. Barrett
An Improved Microwave Radiative Transfer Model for Tropical Oceanic Precipitation
In preparation for the launch of TRMM, new algorithms must be created that take advantage of the combined data from radar and microwave radiometers that will be on board the satellite. A microwave radiative transfer algorithm with a one-...
Jeffrey R. Tesmer; Thomas T. Wilheit
Microwave quantum logic spectroscopy and control of molecular ions
A general method for rotational microwave spectroscopy and control of polar molecular ions via direct microwave addressing is considered. Our method makes use of spatially varying ac Stark shifts, induced by far off-resonant, ...
Drewsen, M
Satellite Rainfall Estimation Using Combined Passive Microwave and Infrared Algorithms
The development of a combined infrared and passive microwave satellite rainfall estimation technique is outlined. Infrared data from geostationary satellites are combined with polar-orbiting passive microwave estimates to provide 30-min rainfall ...
Chris Kidd; Dominic R. Kniveton; Martin C. Todd; Tim J. Bellerby
A Method for Combining Passive Microwave and Infrared Rainfall Observations
Passive microwave observations of rainfall offer the ability to obtain very accurate instantaneous estimates of rainfall. Because passive microwave instruments are confined to polar-orbiting satellites, however, such estimates must interpolate ...
Christian Kummerow; Louis Giglio
A Passive Microwave Algorithm for Tropical Oceanic Rainfall
This study discusses a rainfall algorithm utilizing six channels of microwave radiance data from the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multifrequency Microwave Radiometer. The algorithm is intended for short-term climate studies over the ocean at low latitudes. ...
Barry B. Hinton; William S. Olson; David W. Martin; Brian Auvine
Some Comments on Passive Microwave Measurement of Rain
It is argued that because microwave radiation interacts much more strongly with hydrometeors than with cloud particles, microwave measurements from space offer a significant chance of making global precipitation estimates. Over oceans, passive ...
Thomas T. Wilheit
Passive-Microwave-Enhanced Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme
The formulation and testing of an enhanced Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) using new predictors derived from passive microwave imagery is presented. Passive microwave imagery is acquired for tropical cyclones in the ...
Thomas A. Jones; Daniel Cecil; Mark DeMaria
An Observationally Generated A Priori Database for Microwave Rainfall Retrievals
The combination of active and passive microwave sensors on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite have been used to construct observationally constrained databases of precipitation profiles for use in passive microwave ...
Christian D. Kummerow; Sarah Ringerud; Jody Crook; David Randel; Wesley Berg
Microwave Heating, Energy and Environment - Programmaster.org
Mar 7, 2013 ... Microwave Reflection Loss of Ferric Oxide: Zhiwei Peng1; ... heat rapidly by microwave (MW) irradiation generating plasma during oxidation of surfaces. .... Co-Gasification Behavior of Metallurgical Coke with High and Low�...
Global estimation of precipitation using opaque microwave bands
This thesis describes the use of opaque microwave bands for global estimation of precipitation rate. An algorithm was developed for estimating instantaneous precipitation rate for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) ...
Chen, Frederick Wey-Min, 1975-
A secure alternate path routing in sensor networks
This paper presents a secure alternate path routing in sensor networks. Our alternate path scheme makes the routing protocol resilient in the presence of malicious nodes that launch selective forwarding attacks. SeRINS (a Secure alternate path Routing ... Keywords: Secure routing, Sensor network security
Suk-Bok Lee; Yoon-Hwa Choi
A Novel Microwave Assisted Phosphate Coating Process for ...
Microstructural Characteristics of Nano Calcium Phosphates Doped with Fluoride and Titanium Ions � Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Nano Hydroxyapatite�...
Microwave Brazing of Gas Turbine Components - Programmaster.org
Presentation Title, Microwave Brazing of Gas Turbine Components ... A Breakthrough Application of Electricity at High Temperature for Steel Production: Molten�...
Processing and Performance of Materials using Microwaves, Electric ...
Symposium, Rustum Roy Memorial Symposium: Processing and Performance of Materials using Microwaves, Electric and Magnetic Fields, Ultrasound, Lasers,�...
Microwave Effect on Densification Kinetics during the Sintering of ...
Mechanism of Microwave Heating of Dielectric and Magnetic
New Saccharification Process of Cellulosic Biomass by Microwave Irradiation � Novel Lamination Method for Large Armor Panels � Raman Spectroscopy for�...
Reduction Behavior of TiO 2 during Microwave Heating
Microwave Heating Of Copper Powders in a Single Mode Cavity
An Explanation of Microwave Effects by Expansion of Transit State ...
... State Theories with Disturbed Velocity Distributions by Microwave. Author(s), Motoyasu Sato, Jun Fukushima, kyouichiro Kashimura, Sadatugu Takayama.
The Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Permitivity and Microwave ...
Dielectric property and microwave absorption property of anthracite were measured ... Effect of Continuous Cooling Rate on Microstructural Transformation of�...
Microwave off-gas treatment apparatus and process
The invention discloses a microwave off-gas system in which microwave energy is used to treat gaseous waste. A treatment chamber is used to remediate off-gases from an emission source by passing the off-gases through a susceptor matrix, the matrix being exposed to microwave radiation. The microwave radiation and elevated temperatures within the combustion chamber provide for significant reductions in the qualitative and quantitative emissions of the gas waste stream.
Schulz, Rebecca L. (Aiken, SC); Clark, David E. (Gainesville, FL); Wicks, George G. (North Aiken, SC)
Open Ended Microwave Oven for Packaging
A novel open waveguide cavity resonator is presented for the combined variable frequency microwave curing of bumps, underfills and encapsulants, as well as the alignment of devices for fast flip-chip assembly, direct chip attach (DCA) or wafer-scale level packaging (WSLP). This technology achieves radio frequency (RF) curing of adhesives used in microelectronics, optoelectronics and medical devices with potential simultaneous micron-scale alignment accuracy and bonding of devices. In principle, the open oven cavity can be fitted directly onto a flip-chip or wafer scale bonder and, as such, will allow for the bonding of devices through localised heating thus reducing the risk to thermally sensitive devices. Variable frequency microwave (VFM) heating and curing of an idealised polymer load is numerically simulated using a multi-physics approach. Electro-magnetic fields within a novel open ended microwave oven developed for use in micro-electronics manufacturing applications are solved using a de icated Yee sche...
Sinclair, K I; Desmulliez, M Y P; Goussetis, G; Bailey, C; Parrott, K; Sangster, A J
High power linear pulsed beam annealer
A high power pulsed electron beam is produced in a system comprised of an electron gun having a heated cathode, control grid, focus ring, and a curved drift tube. The drift tube is maintained at a high positive voltage with respect to the cathode to accelerate electrons passing through the focus ring and to thereby eliminate space charge. A coil surrounding the curved drift tube provides a magnetic field which maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the tube and imparts motion on electrons in a spiral path for shallow penetration of the electrons into a target. The curvature of the tube is selected so there is no line of sight between the cathode and a target holder positioned within a second drift tube spaced coaxially from the curved tube. The second tube and the target holder are maintained at a reference voltage that decelerates the electrons. A second coil surrounding the second drift tube maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the second drift tube and compresses the electron beam to the area of the target. The target holder can be adjusted to position the target where the cross section of the beam matches the area of the target.
Strathman, Michael D. (Concord, CA); Sadana, Devendra K. (Berkeley, CA); True, Richard B. (Sunnyvale, CA)
Apparatus for microwave heat treatment of manufactured components
An apparatus for heat treating manufactured components using microwave energy and microwave susceptor material. Heat treating medium such as eutectic salts may be employed. A fluidized bed introduces process gases which may include carburizing or nitriding gases. The process may be operated in a batch mode or continuous process mode. A microwave heating probe may be used to restart a frozen eutectic salt bath.
Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, LLC (Oak Ridge, TN)
Methods for microwave heat treatment of manufactured components
Ripley, Edward B. (Knoxville, TN)
During stores, the beam-beam interaction has a significant impact on the beam and luminosity lifetimes in RHIC. This was observed in heavy ion, and even more pronounced in proton collisions. Observations include measurements of beam-beam induced tune shifts, lifetime and emittance growth measurements with and without beam-beam interaction, and background rates as a function of tunes. In addition, RHIC is currently the only hadron collider in which strong-strong beam-beam effects can be seen. Coherent beam-beam modes were observed, and suppressed by tune changes. In this article we summarize the most important beam-beam observations made during stores so far.
Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Measurements
Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Measurements Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Measurements and Radiosonde Comparisons During the WVIOP2000 Field Experiment D. Cimini University of L'Aquila L'Aquil, Italy E. R. Westwater Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences University of Colorado National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, Colorado Y. Han Science System Applications National Aeronautics Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland S. Keihm Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Introduction During September to October 2000, a water vapor intensive operational period (WVIOP) was conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and
Microwave remote sensing of ionized air.
We present observations of microwave scattering from ambient room air ionized with a negative ion generator. The frequency dependence of the radar cross section of ionized air was measured from 26.5 to 40 GHz (Ka-band) in a bistatic mode with an Agilent PNA-X series (model N5245A) vector network analyzer. A detailed calibration scheme is provided to minimize the effect of the stray background field and system frequency response on the target reflection. The feasibility of detecting the microwave reflection from ionized air portends many potential applications such as remote sensing of atmospheric ionization and remote detection of radioactive ionization of air.
Liao, S.; Gopalsami, N.; Heifetz, A.; Elmer, T.; Fiflis, P.; Koehl, E. R.; Chien, H. T.; Raptis, A. C. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
Numerical and experimental modelling of microwave applicators
area of use is for the processing of food, the tempering of fruit, meat, fish and dairy produce, for the heating and cooking of meals and for sterilisation and pasteurisation. The domestic microwave oven is now a common household appliance throughout... the world and many food producers are turning to microwave heating as a means of achieving the high quality products demanded by todays consumers. The sizes of these systems can range from a few hundred watts for a domestic oven to over 250 kilowatts for a...
Dibben, David
Synthesis of ultrafine powders by microwave heating
A method of synthesizing ultrafine powders using microwaves is described. A water soluble material is dissolved in water and the resulting aqueous solution is exposed to microwaves until the water has dissolved. The resulting material is an ultrafine powder. This method can be used to make Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, NiO /plus/ Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and NiO as well as a number of other materials including GaBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/. 1 tab.
Meek, T.T.; Sheinberg, H.; Blake, R.D.
Beamed Energy Propulsion: Research Status And Needs--Part 1
One promising solution to the operationally responsive space is the application of remote electromagnetic energy to propel a launch vehicle into orbit. With beamed energy propulsion, one can leave the power source stationary on the ground or space, and direct heat propellant on the spacecraft with a beam from a fixed station. This permits the spacecraft to leave its power source at home, saving significant amounts of mass, greatly improving performance. This concept, which removes the mass penalty of carrying the propulsion energy source on board the vehicle, was first proposed by Arthur Kantrowitz in 1972; he invoked an extremely powerful ground based laser. The same year Michael Minovich suggested a conceptually similar 'in-space' laser rocket system utilizing a remote laser power station. In the late 1980's, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funded continuous, double pulse laser and microwave propulsion while Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) funded ablative laser rocket propulsion. Currently AFOSR has been funding the concept initiated by Leik Myrabo, repetitively pulsed laser propulsion, which has been universally perceived, arguably, to be the closest for mid-term applications. This 2-part paper examines the investment strategies in beamed energy propulsion and technical challenges to be overcome. Part 1 presents a world-wide review of beamed energy propulsion research, including both laser and microwave arenas.
Birkan, Mitat [Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, Virginia, 22203 (United States)
Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward?
Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward? Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward? Title Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward? Publication Type Conference Paper LBNL Report Number LBNL-2511E Year of Publication 2008 Authors Nordman, Bruce Conference Name 2008 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Conference Location Pacific Grove, CA Keywords communication and standards, technologies Abstract To date, digital networks have principally been installed for connecting information technology devices, with more modest use in consumer electronics, security, and large building control systems. The next 20 years will see much greater deployment of networks in buildings of all types, and across all end uses. Most of these are likely to be introduced primarily for reasons other than energy efficiency, and add energy use for network interfaces and network products. Widespread networking could easily lead to increased energy use, and experience with IT and CE networks suggests this may be likely. Active engagement by energy efficiency professionals in the architecture and design of future networks could lead to their being a large and highly cost-effective tool for efficiency. However, network standards are complex and take many years to develop and negotiate so that lack of action on this in the near term may foreclose important opportunities for years or decades to come. Digital networks need to be common globally, providing another challenge to building systems and elements that are more commonly designed only for national or regional markets. Key future networks are lighting, climate control, and security/presence. This paper reviews some examples of past network designs and use and the lessons they hold for future building networks. It also highlights key needed areas for research, policy, and standards development.
1E 1E Networks in Buildings: Which Path Forward? B. Nordman Environmental Energy Technologies Division August 2008 Presented at the 2008 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings Pacific Grove, CA, August 17-22, 2008, and published in the Proceedings DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes
Turbine Steam Path Damage: Theory and Practice
Historically, most treatises about steam turbines have concentrated on thermo-dynamics or design. In contrast, the primary focus of this book is on the problems that occur in the turbine steam path. Some of these problems have been long known to the industry, starting as early as A. Stodola's work at the turn of the century in which mechanisms such as solid particle erosion, corrosion and liquid droplet damage were recognized. What we have tried to do here is to provide, in a single, comprehensive refere...
The Path to Magnetic Fusion Energy
When the possibility of fusion as an energy source for electricity generation was realized in the 1950s, understanding of the plasma state was primitive. The fusion goal has been paced by, and has stimulated, the development of plasma physics. Our understanding of complex, nonlinear processes in plasmas is now mature. We can routinely produce and manipulate 100 million degree plasmas with remarkable finesse, and we can identify a path to commercial fusion power. The international experiment, ITER, will create a burning (self-sustained) plasma and produce 500 MW of thermal fusion power. This talk will summarize the progress in fusion research to date, and the remaining steps to fusion power.
Prager, Stewart (PPPL)
Tevatron beam-beam compensation project progress
In this paper, we report the progress of the Tevatron Beam-Beam Compensation (BBC) project [1]. Electron beam induced proton and antiproton tuneshifts have been reported in [2], suppression of an antiproton emittance growth has been observed, too [1]. Currently, the first electron lens (TEL1) is in operational use as the Tevatron DC beam cleaner. We have made a lot of the upgrades to improve its stability [3]. The 2nd Tevatron electron lens (TEL2) is under the final phase of development and preparation for installation in the Tevatron.
Shiltsev, V.; Zhang, X.L.; Kuznetsov, G.; Pfeffer, H.; Saewert, G.; /Fermilab; Zimmermann, F.; /CERN; Tiunov, M.; /Novosibirsk, IYF; Bishofberger, K.; /UCLA; Bogdanov, I.; Kashtanov, E.; Kozub, S.; Sytnik, V.; Tkachenko, L.; /Serpukhov, IHEP
A device is described for defining a beam of high energy particles wherein the means for defining the beam in the horizontal and vertical dimension are separately adjustable and the defining members are internally cooled. In general, the device comprises a mounting block having a central opening through which the beam is projected, means for rotatably supporting two pairs of beam- forming members, passages in each member for the flow of coolant; the beam- forming members being insulated from each other and the block, and each having an end projecting into the opening. The beam-forming members are adjustable and may be cooperatively positioned to define the beam passing between the end of the members. To assist in projecting and defining the beam, the member ends have individual means connected thereto for indicating the amount of charge collected thereon due to beam interception.
Langsdorf, A.S. Jr.
Optimized ECR plasma apparatus with varied microwave window thickness
The present invention describes a technique to control the radial profile of microwave power in an ECR plasma discharge. In order to provide for a uniform plasma density to a specimen, uniform energy absorption by the plasma is desired. By controlling the radial profile of the microwave power transmitted through the microwave window of a reactor, the profile of the transmitted energy to the plasma can be controlled in order to have uniform energy absorption by the plasma. An advantage of controlling the profile using the window transmission characteristics is that variations to the radial profile of microwave power can be made without changing the microwave coupler or reactor design. 9 figs.
Berry, L.A.
The present invention describes a technique to control the radial profile of microwave power in an ECR plasma discharge. In order to provide for a uniform plasma density to a specimen, uniform energy absorption by the plasma is desired. By controlling the radial profile of the microwave power transmitted through the microwave window of a reactor, the profile of the transmitted energy to the plasma can be controlled in order to have uniform energy absorption by the plasma. An advantage of controlling the profile using the window transmission characteristics is that variations to the radial profile of microwave power can be made without changing the microwave coupler or reactor design.
Berry, Lee A. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Results of the Workshop on Microwave-Absorbing Materials for Accelerators (MAMA): A Personal View
The first workshop on the properties and uses of special materials for absorption of microwaves in particle accelerators was held at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) in Newport News, February 22-24, 1993. The meeting's purpose was to review the advances of ceramic and materials science and to describe the accelerator projects the success of which strongly depends on the existence and availability of microwave-absorbing materials with special characteristics. Scientists from various branches of physics, materials science, microwave engineering, accelerator physics and from national and international laboratories, from universities and industries participated in this gathering. This interdisciplinary meeting brought new people and new ideas together which in the future will bloom into better understanding of general materials and of physical processes and eventually to collaborative efforts to design and produce custom made materials. This paper describes the major topics covered in the workshop and is a personal elaboration of the author on the future possibilities opened by this interaction.
I.E. Campisi
The Scheme of Beam Synchronization in MEIC
Synchronizing colliding beams at single or multiple collision points is a critical R&D issue in the design of a medium energy electron-ion collider (MEIC) at Jefferson Lab. The path-length variation due to changes in the ion energy, which varies over 20 to 100 GeV, could be more than several times the bunch spacing. The scheme adopted in the present MEIC baseline is centered on varying the number of bunches (i.e., harmonic number) stored in the collider ring. This could provide a set of discrete energies for proton or ions such that the beam synchronization condition is satisfied. To cover the ion energy between these synchronized values, we further propose to vary simultaneously the electron ring circumference and the frequency of the RF systems in both collider rings. We also present in this paper the requirement of frequency tunability of SRF cavities to support the scheme.
Zhang, Yuhong; Derbenev, Yaroslav S.; Hutton, Andrew M.
Environmental assessment: South microwave communication facilities
Western Area Power Administration (Western) is proposing to construct, operate, and maintain eight microwave repeater stations in southwestern Colorado, southeastern Utah, and northern Arizona, in order to meet the minimum fade criteria established by the Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC) for the operation and protection of electric power systems. The proposed microwave facilities would increase the reliability of communication. This environmental assessment (EA) describes the existing environmental conditions and the impacts from construction of the eight microwave communication facilities. The EA was prepared in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the Council on Environmental Quality Regulations (40 CFR 1500-1508), and the Department of Energy Guidelines (52 FR 47662, December 15, 1987). The proposed project would consist of constructing eight microwave facilities, each of which would include a self-supported lattice tower, an equipment building, a propane tank, distribution lines to provide electric power to the sites, and access roads to the sites. The facilities would be constructed in San Miguel and Montezuma Counties in Colorado, San Juan County, Utah, and Navajo, Apache, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties in Arizona. 20 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Interaction of high power microwave with plasma
An experimental proposal to investigate the physics of interaction of extremely intense (eEem/m?c ? 1) microwave in an overdense plasma is discussed. The output from a VIRCATOR (2 -- 10 GHz, ? 1 -- 3 GW) based pulse (?30 ns) powered ...
V. P. Anitha; Amita Das; Y. C. Saxena; Anurag Shyam; P. K. Kaw
Microwave instabilities in Booster and AGS
Microwave instabilities is evaluated for the Booster and AGS for the preparation of the relativistic heavy ion collider. We found that the Booster may require feedback system for the transverse instability at the high intensity proton operation. The coherent instability is not important for the nominal RhIC operational intensity.
Lee, S.Y.; Zhao, X.F.
Effects of Microwave Radiation on Oil Recovery
A variety of oil recovery methods have been developed and applied to mature and depleted reservoirs in order to improve the efficiency. Microwave radiation oil recovery method is a relatively new method and has been of great interest in the recent years. Crude oil is typically co?mingled with suspended solids and water. To increase oil recovery
Profiling Atmospheric Water Vapor by Microwave Radiometry
High-altitude microwave radiometric observations at frequencies near 92 and 183.3 GHz were used to study the potential of retrieving atmospheric water vapor profiles over both land and water. An algorithm based on an extended Kaiman-Bucy filter ...
J. R. Wang; J. L. King; T. T. Wilheit; G. Szejwach; L. H. Gesell; R. A. Nieman; D. S. Niver; B. M. Krupp; J. A. Gagliano
Planar controlled zone microwave plasma system
Ripley, Edward B. (Knoxville, TN); Seals, Roland D. (Oak Ridge, TN); Morrell, Jonathan S. (Knoxvlle, TN)
Impacts of Beam Broadening and Earth Curvature on Storm-Scale 3D Variational Data Assimilation of Radial Velocity with Two Doppler Radars
The radar ray path and beam broadening equations are important for assimilation of radar data into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. They can be used to determine the physical location of each radar measurement and to properly map the ...
Guoqing Ge; Jidong Gao; Keith Brewster; Ming Xue
Three-Dimensional Air Circulation in a Squall Line from Airborne Dual-Beam Doppler Radar Data: A Test of Coplane Methodology Software
The detailed structure of a tropical squall line observed in central Florida was investigated from an airborne dual-beam Doppler radar, pointing respectively fore and aft. This allowed dual-Doppler observations from a straight flight path in a ...
Michel Chong; Jacques Testud
Dye laser amplifier including an improved window configuration for its dye beam
A dye laser amplifier in which a continuously replenished supply of dye is excited with a first light beam in order to amplify the intensity of a second different light beam passing therethrough is disclosed herein. This amplifier includes a cell though which a continuous stream of the dye is caused to pass, and means for directing the first beam into the cell while the second beam is directed into and through the same cell. There is also disclosed herein a specific improvement to this amplifier which resides in the use of a pair of particularly configured windows through which the second beam passes along fixed paths as the second beam enters and exits the dye cell. Each of these windows has a relatively thick main section which is substantially larger in dimensions transverse to its beam path than the cross section of the second beam itself, whereby to add structural integrity to the overall window. At the same time, the latter includes a second section which is disposed entirely within the confines of the main section and through which the second beam is intended to pass in its entirety. This second section is made substantially thinner than the main section in order to reduce optical distortion as the second beam passes therethrough.
O' Neil, Richard W. (Pleasanton, CA); Davin, James M. (Livermore, CA)
A dye laser amplifier in which a continuously replenished supply of dye is excited with a first light beam in order to amplify the intensity of a second different light beam passing therethrough is disclosed herein. This amplifier includes a cell though which a continuous stream of the dye is caused to pass, and means for directing the first beam into the cell while the second beam is directed into and through the same cell. There is also disclosed herein a specific improvement to this amplifier which resides in the use of a pair of particularly configured windows through which the second beam passes along fixed paths as the second beam enters and exits the dye cell. Each of these windows has a relatively thick main section which is substantially larger in dimensions transverse to its beam path than the cross section of the second beam itself, whereby to add structural integrity to the overall window. At the same time, the latter includes a second section which is disposed entirely within the confines of the main section and through which the second beam is intended to pass in its entirety. This second section is made substantially thinner than the main section in order to reduce optical distortion as the second beam passes therethrough. 4 figs.
O' Neil, R.W.; Davin, J.M.
Energy exchange between a laser beam and charged particles using inverse transition radiation and method for its use
A method and apparatus for exchanging energy between relativistic charged particles and laser radiation using inverse diffraction radiation or inverse transition radiation. The beam of laser light is directed onto a particle beam by means of two optical elements which have apertures or foils through which the particle beam passes. The two apertures or foils are spaced by a predetermined distance of separation and the angle of interaction between the laser beam and the particle beam is set at a specific angle. The separation and angle are a function of the wavelength of the laser light and the relativistic energy of the particle beam. In a diffraction embodiment, the interaction between the laser and particle beams is determined by the diffraction effect due to the apertures in the optical elements. In a transition embodiment, the interaction between the laser and particle beams is determined by the transition effect due to pieces of foil placed in the particle beam path.
Kimura, Wayne D. (Bellevue, WA); Romea, Richard D. (Seattle, WA); Steinhauer, Loren C. (Bothell, WA)
Tomographic determination of the power distribution in electron beams
A tomographic technique for determining the power distribution of an electron beam using electron beam profile data acquired from a modified Faraday cup to create an image of the current density in high and low power beams. A refractory metal disk with a number of radially extending slits is placed above a Faraday cup. The beam is swept in a circular pattern so that its path crosses each slit in a perpendicular manner, thus acquiring all the data needed for a reconstruction in one circular sweep. Also, a single computer is used to generate the signals actuating the sweep, to acquire that data, and to do the reconstruction, thus reducing the time and equipment necessary to complete the process.
Teruya, Alan T. (Livermore, CA); Elmer, John W. (Pleasanton, CA)
Trirotron: triode rotating beam radio frequency amplifier
High efficiency amplification of radio frequencies to very high power levels including: establishing a cylindrical cloud of electrons; establishing an electrical field surrounding and coaxial with the electron cloud to bias the electrons to remain in the cloud; establishing a rotating electrical field that surrounds and is coaxial with the steady field, the circular path of the rotating field being one wavelength long, whereby the peak of one phase of the rotating field is used to accelerate electrons in a beam through the bias field in synchronism with the peak of the rotating field so that there is a beam of electrons continuously extracted from the cloud and rotating with the peak; establishing a steady electrical field that surrounds and is coaxial with the rotating field for high-energy radial acceleration of the rotating beam of electrons; and resonating the rotating beam of electrons within a space surrounding the second field, the space being selected to have a phase velocity equal to that of the rotating field to thereby produce a high-power output at the frequency of the rotating field.
Lebacqz, Jean V. (Stanford, CA)
Beam injection into RHIC
During the RHIC sextant test in January 1997 beam was injected into a sixth of one of the rings for the first time. The authors describe the injection zone and its bottlenecks. They report on the commissioning of the injection system, on beam based measurements of the kickers and the application program to steer the beam.
Fischer, W.; Hahn, H.; MacKay, W.W.; Satogata, T.; Tsoupas, N.; Zhang, W.
Electron beam device
This patent pertains to an electron beam device in which a hollow target is symmetrically irradiated by a high energy, pulsed electron beam about its periphery and wherein the outer portion of the target has a thickness slightly greater than required to absorb the electron beam pulse energy. (auth)
Beckner, E.H.; Clauser, M.J.
Microwave ECR plasma electron flood for low pressure wafer charge neutralization
Modern ion implanters typically use dc arc discharge Plasma Electron Floods (PEFs) to neutralize wafer charge. The arc discharge requires using at least some refractory metal hardware, e.g. a thermionically emitting filament, which can be undesirable in applications where no metallic contamination is critical. rf discharge PEFs have been proposed to mitigate contamination risks but the gas flows required can result in high process chamber pressures. Axcelis has developed a microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) PEF to provide refractory metals contamination-free wafer neutralization with low gas flow requirement. Our PEF uses a custom, reentrant cusp magnet field providing ECR and superior electron confinement. Stable PEF operation with extraction slits sized for 300 mm wafers can be attained at Xe gas flows lower than 0.2 sccm. Electron extraction currents can be as high as 20 mA at absorbed microwave powers < 70 W. On Axcelis' new medium current implanter, plasma generation has proven robust against pressure transients caused by, for example, photoresist outgassing by high power ion beams. Charge monitor and floating potential measurements along the wafer surface corroborate adequate wafer charge neutralization for low energy, high current ion beams.
Vanderberg, Bo; Nakatsugawa, Tomoya; Divergilio, William [Axcelis Technologies Inc., 108 Cherry Hill Drive, Beverly, MA 01915 (United States)
Theory of Microwave Instability and Coherent Synchrotron Radiation in Electron Storage Rings
Bursting of coherent synchrotron radiation has been observed and in fact used to generate THz radiation in many electron storage rings. In order to understand and control the bursting, we return to the study of the microwave instability. In this paper, we will report on the theoretical understanding, including recent developments, of the microwave instability in electron storage rings. The historical progress of the theories will be surveyed, starting from the dispersion relation of coasting beams, to the work of Sacherer on a bunched beam, and ending with the Oide and Yokoya method of discretization. This theoretical survey will be supplemented with key experimental results over the years. Finally, we will describe the recent theoretical development of utilizing the Laguerre polynomials in the presence of potential-well distortion. This self-consistent method will be applied to study the microwave instability driven the impedances due to the coherent synchrotron radiation. Over the past quarter century, there has been steady progress toward smaller transverse emittances in electron storage rings used for synchrotron light sources, from tens of nm decades ago to the nm range recently. In contrast, there is not much progress made in the longitudinal plane. For an electron bunch in a typical ring, its relative energy spread {sigma}{sub {delta}} remains about 10{sup -3} and its length {sigma}{sub z} is still in between 5 mm to 10 mm. Now the longitudinal emittance ({sigma}{sub {delta}}{sigma}{sub z}) becomes a factor of thousand larger than those in the transverse dimensions. In this paper, we will address questions of: How short a bunch can be? What is the fundamental limit? If there is a limit, is there any mitigation method? Since the synchrotron radiation is so fundamental in electron storage rings, let us start with the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR).
Cai, Y.; /SLAC
Mechanical beam isolator for high-power laser systems
A mechanical beam isolator uses rod-shaped elements having a Gaussian configuration to interrupt the path of a beam of photons or particles when the time-scale of the needed interruption is of the order of a microsecond or less. One or more of these rods is mounted transversely to, and penetrates through, a rotating shaft supported by bearings. Owing to the Gaussian geometry of the rods, they are able to withstand much higher rotation speeds, without tensile failure, than rods having any other geometrical shape.
Post, Richard F. (Walnut Creek, CA); Vann, Charles S. (Fremont, CA)
Apparatus and method for microwave processing of materials
Disclosed is a variable frequency microwave heating apparatus designed to allow modulation of the frequency of the microwaves introduced into a furnace cavity for testing or other selected applications. The variable frequency heating apparatus is used in the method of the present invention to monitor the resonant processing frequency within the furnace cavity depending upon the material, including the state thereof, from which the workpiece is fabricated. The variable frequency microwave heating apparatus includes a microwave signal generator and a high-power microwave amplifier or a microwave voltage-controlled oscillator. A power supply is provided for operation of the high-power microwave oscillator or microwave amplifier. A directional coupler is provided for detecting the direction and amplitude of signals incident upon and reflected from the microwave cavity. A first power meter is provided for measuring the power delivered to the microwave furnace. A second power meter detects the magnitude of reflected power. Reflected power is dissipated in the reflected power load. 10 figs.
Johnson, A.C.; Lauf, R.J.; Bible, D.W.; Markunas, R.J.
Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path...
Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management: A Path to Sustainable Environment and Development Jump to: navigation, search Name Community-Based Forest (Natural) Resource Management:...
3D Nanostructured Bicontinuous Electrodes: Path to Ultra-High ...
3D Nanostructured Bicontinuous Electrodes: Path to Ultra-High Power and Energy ... High Energy Density Lithium Capacitors Using Carbon-Carbon Electrodes.
EIA updates mapping tool relating hurricane path to energy ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
capacity; nuclear; exports ... The Energy Information Administration has updated an interactive mapping tool on its website so that users see the projected path of ...
Joint Spectral Radius and Path-Complete Graph Lyapunov Functions
Nov 22, 2011 ... Abstract: We introduce the framework of path-complete graph Lyapunov functions for approximation of the joint spectral radius. The approach is�...
ORNL-grown oxygen 'sponge' presents path to better catalysts...
presents path to better catalysts, energy materials This schematic depicts a new ORNL-developed material that can easily absorb or shed oxygen atoms. This schematic depicts...
Scalable clustering of Internet paths by shared congestion
Abstract � Internet paths sharing the same bottleneck can be identified using several shared congestion detection techniques. However, all of these techniques have been designed to detect shared congestion between a pair of paths. To cluster N paths by shared congestion, a straightforward approach of using pairwise tests would require O(N 2) time complexity. In this paper, we present a scalable approach to cluster Internet paths based on DCW (Delay Correlation with Wavelet denoising) which does not require a common end point between paths. We present a function to map each path�s measurement data into a point in a multidimensional space such that points are close to each other if and only if the corresponding paths share congestion. Because points in the space are indexed using a tree-like structure, the computational complexity of clustering N paths can be reduced to O(N log N). The indexing overhead can be further improved by reducing dimensionality of the space through wavelet transform. Computation cost is kept low by reusing for dimensionality reduction the same wavelet coefficients obtained in DCW. Our approach is evaluated by simulations and found to be effective for a large N. The tradeoff between dimensionality and clustering accuracy is shown empirically. I.
Min Sik Kim; Taekhyun Kim; Yong-june Shin; Simon S. Lam; Edward J. Powers
Efficient Tool Paths and Part Orientation for Face Milling
Avoiding Tool Exit in Planar Milling by Adjusting Width oftime. The most common face milling tool paths employed areand Part Orientation for Face Milling A. Rangarajan 1 , D.
Rangarajan, Arvind; Dornfeld, David
Feb 16, 2010 ... double facility-to-location moves sampled. Procedure PathRelinking takes as input 8 user-defined parameters that deter- mine, among many�...
A Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming Framework for Fixed Path ...
paths of the robots are represented by piecewise cubic spline curves. ...... programming, linear and nonlinear systems theory, statistics, and machine learning.
Modulated Tool-Path (MTP) Chip Breaking System
Relationship between chip length, oscillation rate, and R Af . Modulated Tool-Path (MTP) Chip Breaking System 16 Fig. 11. MTP chip breaking surface fi nish model.
DOE EM Landfill Workshop and Path Forward - July 2009
Teleconference: 2. DOE EM Landfill Workshop & Path Forward Office of Groundwater and Soil Remediation US Department of Energy July 2009 Slides prepared by CRESP DOE EM Landfill...
EUROv Super Beam Studies
Neutrino Super Beams use conventional techniques to significantly increase the neutrino beam intensity compared to the present neutrino facilities. An essential part of these facilities is an intense proton driver producing a beam power higher than a MW. The protons hit a target able to accept the high proton beam intensity. The produced charged particles are focused by a system of magnetic horns towards the experiment detectors. The main challenge of these projects is to deal with the high beam intensity for many years. New high power neutrino facilities could be build at CERN profiting from an eventual construction of a high power proton driver. The European FP7 Design Study EUROv, among other neutrino beams, studies this Super Beam possibility. This paper will give the latest developments in this direction.
Dracos, Marcos [IPHC, Universite de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg (France)
Apparatus and method for compensating for electron beam emittance in synchronizing light sources
A focused optical beam is used to change the path length of the core electrons in electron light sources thereby boosting their efficiency of conversion of electron beam energy to light. Both coherent light in the free electron laser and incoherent light in the synchrotron is boosted by this technique. By changing the path length of the core electrons by the proper amount, the core electrons are caused to stay in phase with the electrons in the outer distribution of the electron beam. This increases the fraction of the electron beam energy that is converted to light thereby improving the efficiency of conversion of energy to light and therefore boosting the power output of the free electron laser and synchrotron.
Neil, George R. (Williamsburg, VA)
Apparatus and process for active pulse intensity control of laser beam
An optically controlled laser pulse energy control apparatus and process is disclosed wherein variations in the energy of a portion of the laser beam are used to vary the resistance of a photodetector such as a photoresistor through which a control voltage is fed to a light intensity controlling device through which a second portion of the laser beam passes. Light attenuation means are provided to vary the intensity of the laser light used to control the resistance of the photodetector. An optical delay path is provided through which the second portion of the beam travels before reaching the light intensity controlling device. The control voltage is supplied by a variable power supply. The apparatus may be tuned to properly attenuate the laser beam passing through the intensity controlling device by adjusting the power supply, the optical delay path, or the light attenuating means. 3 figs.
Wilcox, R.B.
An optically controlled laser pulse energy control apparatus and process is disclosed wherein variations in the energy of a portion of the laser beam are used to vary the resistance of a photodetector such as a photoresistor through which a control voltage is fed to a light intensity controlling device through which a second portion of the laser beam passes. Light attenuation means are provided to vary the intensity of the laser light used to control the resistance of the photodetector. An optical delay path is provided through which the second portion of the beam travels before reaching the light intensity controlling device. The control voltage is supplied by a variable power supply. The apparatus may be tuned to properly attenuate the laser beam passing through the intensity controlling device by adjusting the power supply, the optical delay path, or the light attenuating means.
Wilcox, Russell B. (Oakland, CA)
Hanford spent nuclear fuel project recommended path forward, volume III: Alternatives and path forward evaluation supporting documentation
Volume I of the Hanford Spent Nuclear Fuel Project - Recommended Path Forward constitutes an aggressive series of projects to construct and operate systems and facilities to safely retrieve, package, transport, process, and store K Basins fuel and sludge. Volume II provided a comparative evaluation of four Alternatives for the Path Forward and an evaluation for the Recommended Path Forward. Although Volume II contained extensive appendices, six supporting documents have been compiled in Volume III to provide additional background for Volume II.
Fulton, J.C.
Ground-based Microwave Cloud Tomography
Microwave Cloud Tomography Microwave Cloud Tomography Experiment, SGP, May 15-June 15, 2009 Lead Scientist Dong Huang, BNL Co-Investigators Al Gasiewski, UC Boulder Maria Cadeddu, ANL Warren Wiscombe, BNL Radiation Processes Working Group March 30, 2009 multiple radiometers All good cloud radiation modelers should close their airplane window shades so as not to be corrupted by the spectacle of real 3D clouds. - Roger Davies In case you forget to do this, you see 3/30/2009 ARM RPWG 2 Effects of cloud structure on radiation 3/30/2009 ARM RPWG 3 Typical climate model - Cloud fraction & mean water content - Horizontally uniform clouds, no side radiation - Assumption on overlap Courtesy of Bernhard Mayer Cloud structure important to radiation - Cumulus (Benner & Evans 2001, Pincus et al. 2005), deep convection (DiGiuseppe &
A container for heat treating materials in microwave ovens
The efficiency of a microwave oven of a conventional two-source configuration and energy level is increased by providing the oven with a container for housing a refractory material to be treated. The container is formed to top and bottom walls transparent to microwaves while the sidewalls, in a circular configuration, are formed of a nonmetallic material opaque to microwave radiation for reflecting the radiation penetrating the top and bottom walls radially inwardly into the center of the container wherein a casket of heat-insulating material is provided for housing the material to be heat treated. The reflection of the microwave radiation from the sidewalls increases the concentration of the microwaves upon the material being heat treated while the concentration of the microwaves upon the material being heat treated while the casket retains the heat to permit the heating of the material to a substantially higher temperature than achievable in the oven without the container.
Holcombe, C.E.; Dykes, N.L.; Kimrey, H.D. Jr.; Mills, J.E.
Applications for Microwave Generators in the Process Industries
Microwaves find widespread use in radar applications, in telephonic communications, and in the generation of thermal energy for heating. It is this last use that is of interest here. The use of microwave generators to dry heat-sensitive materials and regenerate beds of solid adsorbents is currently being investigated at The University of Texas. This paper summarizes the first phase of this program, which involves microwave drying of various types of polymers. Future research goals and programs are also presented.
Humphrey, J. L.; Vasilakos, N. P.
Variational Assimilation of Global Microwave Rainfall Retrievals: Physical and Dynamical Impact on GEOS Analyses
Global microwave rainfall retrievals from a five-satellite constellation, including the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager, Special Sensor Microwave Imager from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F13, F14, and F15, and ...
Xin Lin; Sara Q. Zhang; Arthur Y. Hou
Spatial Variability of Summer Florida Precipitation and Its Impact on Microwave Radiometer Rainfall-Measurement Systems
Three-dimensional radar data for three summer Florida storm are used as input to a microwave radiative transfer model. The model simulates microwave brightness observations by a 19-GHz, nadir-pointing, satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
B. J. Turner; G. L. Austin
Rainfall Estimation over Oceans from SMMR and SSM/I Microwave Data
Passive microwave measurements made by the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) reveal information about rain and precipitation-sized ice in the field of view (FOV) of the instruments. ...
C. Prabhakara; G. Dalu; G. L. Liberti; J. J. Nucciarone; R. Suhasini
A prototype system for measuring microwave frequency reflections from the breast
Microwave imaging of the breast is of interest for monitoring breast health, and approaches to active microwave imaging include tomography and radar-based methods. While the literature contains a growing body of work related to microwave breast imaging, ...
J. Bourqui; J. M. Sill; E. C. Fear
Exact graph search algorithms for generalized traveling salesman path problems
The Generalized Traveling Salesman Path Problem (GTSPP) involves finding the shortest path from a location s to a location t that passes through at least one location from each of a set of generalized location categories (e.g., gas stations, ...
Michael N. Rice; Vassilis J. Tsotras
A constrained binary knapsack approximation for shortest path network interdiction
A modified shortest path network interdiction model is approximated in this work by a constrained binary knapsack which uses aggregated arc maximum flow as the objective function coefficient. In the modified shortest path network interdiction problem, ... Keywords: Approximation techniques, Homeland security, Integer programming, Network interdiction
Justin Yates; Kavitha Lakshmanan
Vickrey Prices and Shortest Paths: What is an Edge Worth?
We solve a shortest path problem that is motivated by recent interest in pricing networks or other computational resources. Informally, how much is an edge in a network worth to a user who wants to send data between two nodes along a shortest path? If ...
J. Hershberger; S. Suri
Realization strategies of dedicated path protection: A bandwidth cost perspective
Communication networks have to provide a high level of availability and instantaneous recovery after failures in order to ensure sufficient survivability for mission-critical services. Currently, dedicated path protection (or 1+1) is implemented in backbone ... Keywords: Cost analysis, Dedicated protection, Network coding, Path protection, Reliability, SRLG
P�Ter Babarczi, Gergely Bicz�K, Harald �Verby, J�Nos Tapolcai, P�Ter Soproni
MultiPath TCP: from theory to practice
The IETF is developing a new transport layer solution, MultiPath TCP (MPTCP), which allows to efficiently exploit several Internet paths between a pair of hosts, while presenting a single TCP connection to the application layer. From an implementation ... Keywords: TCP, implementation, measurements, multipath
S�bastien Barr�; Christoph Paasch; Olivier Bonaventure
A path space extension for robust light transport simulation
We present a new sampling space for light transport paths that makes it possible to describe Monte Carlo path integration and photon density estimation in the same framework. A key contribution of our paper is the introduction of vertex perturbations, ... Keywords: global illumination, multiple importance sampling
Toshiya Hachisuka; Jacopo Pantaleoni; Henrik Wann Jensen
Overhead reduction in a distributed path management system
CEAS (cross entropy ant system) is a distributed, robust and adaptive swarm intelligence system for path management in communication networks. This paper focuses on strategies for handling the overhead in terms of processing cycles, memory storage, and ... Keywords: Cross entropy, Path management, Swarm intelligence
Poul E. Heegaard; Otto J. Wittner
Integrative path planning and motion control for handling large components
For handling large components a large workspace and high precision are required. In order to simplify the path planning for automated handling systems, this task can be divided into global, regional and local motions. Accordingly, different types of ... Keywords: integrative production, motion control, path planning, robotic assembly application
Rainer M�ller; Martin Esser; Markus Janssen
Product Standards for Microwaves (Japan) | Open Energy Information
Product Standards for Microwaves (Japan) Product Standards for Microwaves (Japan) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Product Standards for Microwaves (Japan) Focus Area: Appliances & Equipment Topics: Policy Impacts Website: www.eccj.or.jp/top_runner/pdf/tr_microwaveoven.pdf Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/product-standards-microwaves-japan Language: English Policies: "Deployment Programs,Regulations" is not in the list of possible values (Deployment Programs, Financial Incentives, Regulations) for this property. DeploymentPrograms: Industry Codes & Standards Regulations: Appliance & Equipment Standards and Required Labeling This Energy Conservation Center Japan (ECCJ) document was created as a guide in response to its newly established set of standards and labelling
Microwave Sintering of CaO Stabilized Nature Baddeleyite
Microwave sintering could fast heating and sintering. ... Characterization of Burrows from Mining District of Pachuca - Real Del Monte, in Hidalgo State and�...
Low Cost Processing: Plasma, Microwave, Laser, Melting and Casting
Mar 5, 2013 ... Cost Affordable Titanium IV: Low Cost Processing: Plasma, ... obtained by using microwave energy as the consolidation method of Mg-Ti alloys.
Understanding Non-thermal Microwave Effects in Materials Processing
Exchange of Cs Ion in Clay Minerals by Microwave Application
206 Preparation of Porous Mullite Composite by Microwave Sintering
During the microwave sintering, an insulation structure based on hybrid heating mode was well designed with the wall of mullite and the aided heaters of SiC�...
WIRELESS MICROWAVE ACOUSTIC SENSOR SYSTEM FOR CONDITION MONITORING IN POWER PLANT ENVIRONMENTS Project DE-FE0007379TDD NETL, Morgantown, WV, March 14, 2012. DOE NETL Program:...
System to Continuously Produce Carbon Fiber via Microwave-Assisted ...
ORNL 2011-G00246/jcn UT-B ID 200501518 09.2011 System to Continuously Produce Carbon Fiber via Microwave-Assisted Plasma Processing Technology Summary
Microwave Brazing, An Energy Efficient Method for Joining ...
However, microwave brazing methods for joining ceramics to metals, with the ... Air Brazing of Nicrofer-6025HT to BSCF for Oxygen Separation Membranes.
Dramatic Structuring of Water using Polarized Microwave and ...
Raman spectroscopy reveals that liquid water treated with 2.45 GHz polarized microwave and 13.56 MHz radiofrequency radiation undergoes dramatic�...
A Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor for Organic Synthesis.
??Microwave reactors are important tools in chemical synthesis, as they can lead to unprecedented reductions in reaction times and improved reaction yields. In order to� (more)
Sauks, Jennifer
Session Papers Preliminary Analysis of Ground-Based Microwave...
Analysis of Ground-Based Microwave and Infrared Radiance Observations During the Pilot Radiation OBservation Experiment E. R. Westwater, Y. Han, J. H. Churnside, and J. B....
Posters Preliminary Analysis of Ground-Based Microwave and Infrared...
Influence of Microwave Radiation on Phosphorus-removal Process ...
Microwave radiation on the ore fines was carried out using MW-HS ... A Pilot- plant Scale Test on DRI Preparation from High-alumina Limonite Ore by�...
??The research objectives proposed to study metal processing using a modular industrial microwave oven. The intent of the oven was to perform casting for metal� (more)
Warren, Brian C.
System to continuously produce carbon fiber via microwave ...
A system to continuously produce fully carbonized or graphitized carbon fibers using microwave-assisted plasma (MAP) processing comprises an elongated chamber in ...
Using Microwave Radiation for Removing Heavy Metal Ions and ...
Presentation Title, Using Microwave Radiation for Removing Heavy Metal Ions and Producing Biofuels. Author(s), Aharon Gedanken. On-Site Speaker (Planned )�...
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Nano Hydroxyapatite from Avian ...
Presentation Title, Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Nano Hydroxyapatite from Avian Eggshell Biowaste for Tissue Engineering. Author(s), Kajal K Mallick.
Micro Microwave Does Pinpoint Cooking for Miniaturized Labs
... Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and ... Based on classical theory of how microwave energy is absorbed ...
Microwave-assisted solvent extraction and gas chromatography ion ...
May 17, 2006 ... sistent organochlorine pesticides (POPs) in marine sedi- ment was ... variables microwave power, extraction time and tempera- ture, amount of�...
Investigation on a Microwave High-Temperature Air Heat Exchanger
In present paper, an energy efficient air heat exchanger, based on accumulation of the heat generated by microwave absorbing materials is presented according �...
Synthesis of Divalent Sn Compounds under Microwave Non ...
Author(s), Hirotsugu Takizawa, Nozomi Sato, Jun Fukushima, Yamato Hayashi. On-Site Speaker (Planned), Hirotsugu Takizawa. Abstract Scope, Microwave�...
2300 �C Ultra-high Temperature Microwave Assist Technology ...
The design is based on a traditional graphite furnace with graphite insulation and heating elements. A microwave transition was specially designed to deliver the�...
NIST Prototype 'Optics Table on a Chip' Places Microwave ...
... E. Zakka-Bajjani, F. Nguyen, M. Lee, LR Vale, RW Simmonds and J. Aumentado. Quantum superposition of a single microwave ...
Microwave heating for adsorbents regeneration and oil sands coke activation.
??Microwave heating has unique advantages compared to convection-radiation heating methods including fast heating rate and selective heating of objects. This thesis studied two applications of� (more)
Chen, Heng
Strong-strong beam-beam simulation on parallel computer
The beam-beam interaction puts a strong limit on the luminosity of the high energy storage ring colliders. At the interaction points, the electromagnetic fields generated by one beam focus or defocus the opposite beam. This can cause beam blowup and a reduction of luminosity. An accurate simulation of the beam-beam interaction is needed to help optimize the luminosity in high energy colliders.
Qiang, Ji
A Path to Collaborative Strategic Learning
Collaborative learning is critical for the future of any organization and must align with the strategic organizational processes that result in products valued by others. To discover these processes, proposal preparation is explored using topic-oriented ethnography, grounded theory, and an innovative addition to qualitative interviewing, called metainquiry. Using interview data from editors, graphic artists, text processors, scientists, engineers, and technical managers, substantive theory emerges. The research discovers the five essential processes of owning, visioning, reviewing, producing, and contributing needed for organizational strategic learning to occur. The dimensions of these processes are made explicit and can be used to gauge the health of any organization. The substantive theory also provides insight into the ability of collaborative learning to evolve, flourish, and adapt to the strategic advantage of the organization. Lastly, actionable goals with ten essential elements emerge that link owning, visioning, reviewing, producing, and contributing as a path for all organizations to follow to promote collaborative learning communities and enhance their competitive advantage.
Nancy M. Carlson
Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future |
Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future September 13, 2013 - 11:50am Addthis Our latest infographic -- Solar Decathlon 2013: The Path to a Brighter Future -- takes a look at the teams competing in this yearâs competition and highlights innovative design features in each of the teamsâ houses. Not featured in the "Meet the Teams" section, Team Texas will also compete at Solar Decathlon 2013 with their ADAPT house. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity, Energy Department. Our latest infographic -- Solar Decathlon 2013: The Path to a Brighter Future -- takes a look at the teams competing in this year's competition and highlights innovative design features in each of the teams' houses.
Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future Solar Decathlon 2013 Infographic: The Path to a Brighter Future September 13, 2013 - 11:50am Addthis Our latest infographic -- Solar Decathlon 2013: The Path to a Brighter Future -- takes a look at the teams competing in this yearâs competition and highlights innovative design features in each of the teamsâ houses. Not featured in the "Meet the Teams" section, Team Texas will also compete at Solar Decathlon 2013 with their ADAPT house. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity, Energy Department. Our latest infographic -- Solar Decathlon 2013: The Path to a Brighter Future -- takes a look at the teams competing in this year's competition
Physics with Rare Isotope Beams
Using stable and radioactive beams provided by ATLAS nuclear reactions of special interest in astrophysics have been studied with emphasis on breakout from the hot CNO cycle to the rp-process. The masses of nuclear fragments provided by a strong fission source have been measured in order to help trace the path of the r process. 8Li ions produced by the d(7Li,8Li)n reaction have been trapped and the electrons and alphas emitted in the ensuing beta-decay measured. The neutrino directions were therefore determined, which leads to a measurement of the electron-neutrino correlation. The energies and kinematics are such that a sensitive search for any tensor admixture could be performed and an upper limit of 0.6% was placed on any such admixture. Earlier work on the electromagnetic form factors of the proton was extended. Graduate students were active participants in all of these eperiments, which formed the basis for six PhD theses.
Segel, Ralph E. [Northwestern University
Gas Gas and Thermal Photon Scattering in the NLC Main Linac as a Source of Beam Halo P. Tenenbaum LCC-Note-0051 12-JAN-2001 Abstract Scattering of primary beam electrons off of residual gas molecules or blackbody radiation photons in the NLC main linac has been identified as a potential source of beam haloes which must be collimated in the beam delivery system. We consider the contributions from four scat- tering mechanisms: inelastic thermal-photon scattering, elastic beam-gas (Coulomb) scattering inelastic beam-gas (Bremsstrahlung) scattering, and atomic-electron scattering. In each case we develop the formalism necessary to estimate the backgrounds generated in the main linac, and determine the expected number of off-energy or large-amplitude particles from each process, assuming a main linac injection energy of 8 GeV and extraction energy of 500 GeV. 1 Introduction The
Ion Beam Materials Lab
Facilities » Facilities » Ion Beam Materials Lab Ion Beam Materials Lab A new research frontier awaits! Our door is open and we thrive on mutually beneficial partnerships, collaborations that drive innovations and new technologies. April 12, 2012 Ion Beam Danfysik Implanter High Voltage Terminal. Contact Yongqiang Wang (505) 665-1596 Email Devoted to the characterization and modification of surfaces through the use of ion beams The Ion Beam Materials Laboratory (IBML) is a Los Alamos National Laboratory resource devoted to the characterization and modification of surfaces through the use of ion beams. The IBML provides and operates the core facilities, while supporting the design and implementation of specific apparati needed for experiments requested by users of the facility. The result is a facility with
Particle beam injection system
This invention provides a poloidal divertor for stacking counterstreaming ion beams to provide high intensity colliding beams. To this end, method and apparatus are provided that inject high energy, high velocity, ordered, atomic deuterium and tritium beams into a lower energy, toroidal, thermal equilibrium, neutral, target plasma column that is magnetically confined along an endless magnetic axis in a strong restoring force magnetic field having helical field lines to produce counterstreaming deuteron and triton beams that are received bent, stacked and transported along the endless axis, while a poloidal divertor removes thermal ions and electrons all along the axis to increase the density of the counterstreaming ion beams and the reaction products resulting therefrom. By balancing the stacking and removal, colliding, strong focused particle beams, reaction products and reactions are produced that convert one form of energy into another form of energy.
Jassby, Daniel L. (Princeton, NJ); Kulsrud, Russell M. (Princeton, NJ)
Continuous flow microwave heating : evaluation of system efficiency and enzyme inactivation kinetics.
??A continuous flow microwave heating system was set up by using one domestic microwave oven (1000W nominal output at 2450MHz). Water was run through the� (more)
Lin, Man Guang, 1966-
BEAMS Crossword Puzzle
puzzle with words from the BEAMS Vocabulary List. Download this Activity Lab Pages Puzzle Puzzle Puzzle (cont) Puzzle (cont) Sample AnswersAnswer Key Ansewr Key Ansewr Key...
Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
Oct 18, 2011 ... Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Electron Beam Melting (EBM) I Sponsored by: MS&T Organization Program Organizers: Ian D. Harris, EWI;�...
Electron Beam Melting
Oct 9, 2012 ... Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Electron Beam Melting Program Organizers: Ian Harris, EWI; Ola Harrysson, North Carolina State University;�...
Broad beam ion implanter
An ion implantation device for creating a large diameter, homogeneous, ion beam is described, as well as a method for creating same, wherein the device is characterized by extraction of a diverging ion beam and its conversion by ion beam optics to an essentially parallel ion beam. The device comprises a plasma or ion source, an anode and exit aperture, an extraction electrode, a divergence-limiting electrode and an acceleration electrode, as well as the means for connecting a voltage supply to the electrodes.
Leung, Ka-Ngo (Hercules, CA)
Enhanced production of ECR plasma by using pulse mode microwaves on a large bore ECRIS with permanent magnets
In order to enhance the efficiency of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma for a broad and dense ion beam source at low pressure, the magnetic field configuration is constructed by all permanent magnets. By using the pulse mode, we aim at the generation of plasma with parameters that cannot be achieved in the CW mode at microwave frequencies of 11-13GHz, under the constraint of the same average incident microwave powers. It is found that the total beam currents are increased by the pulse mode operation compared with the case of the CW mode. According to probe measurements of the ECR plasma, it is found that the electron density in the pulse mode is larger than that in the CW mode, while the electron temperatures in the pulse mode are lower than that in the CW mode. These results are discussed from the viewpoint of relaxation times obtained on plasma parameters and ECR efficiency. The cause of the beam current increment and operational windows spread due to the pulse mode are also discussed on these parameters suitable to production of molecular/cluster ions.
Kato, Yushi; Kiriyama, Ryutaro; Takenaka, Tomoya; Kurisu, Yosuke; Nozaki, Dai; Yano, Keisuke; Sato, Fuminobu; Iida, Toshiyuki [Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Univ., 2-1 Ymadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871 (Japan)
Path forward for dosimetry cross sections
In the 1980's the dosimetry community embraced the need for a high fidelity quantification of uncertainty in nuclear data used for dosimetry applications. This led to the adoption of energy-dependent covariance matrices as the accepted manner of quantifying the uncertainty data. The trend for the dosimetry community to require high fidelity treatment of uncertainty estimates has continued to the current time where requirements on nuclear data are codified in standards such as ASTM E 1018. This paper surveys the current state of the dosimetry cross sections and investigates the quality of the current dosimetry cross section evaluations by examining calculated-to-experimental ratios in neutron benchmark fields. In recent years more nuclear-related technical areas are placing an emphasis on uncertainty quantification. With the availability of model-based cross sections and covariance matrices produced by nuclear data codes, some nuclear-related communities are considering the role these covariance matrices should play. While funding within the dosimetry community for cross section evaluations has been very meager, other areas, such as the solar-related astrophysics community and the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program, have been supporting research in the area of neutron cross sections. The Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) is responsible for the creation and maintenance of the ENDF/B library which has been the mainstay for the reactor dosimetry community. Given the new trends in cross section evaluations, this paper explores the path forward for the US nuclear reactor dosimetry community and its use of the ENDF/B cross-sections. The major concern is maintenance of the sufficiency and accuracy of the uncertainty estimate when used for dosimetry applications. The two major areas of deficiency in the proposed ENDF/B approach are: 1) the use of unrelated covariance matrices in ENDF/B evaluations and 2) the lack of 'due consideration' of experimental data in the evaluation. (authors)
Griffin, P.J. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1146 (United States); Peters, C.D. [Sandia Staffing Alliance, Albuquerque, NM 87110 (United States)
Microwave-Assisted Heterogeneous Catalytic Transesterification of Soybean Oil
Biodiesel, as a renewable bioenergy, recently has been researched in regard to biodiesel products. In this study, soybean oil was converted to biodiesel with methanol using several heterogeneous catalysts, furthermore, the process by means of microwave ... Keywords: Biodiesel, Transesterification, Microwave, Heterogeneous
Ming-Chien Hsiao; Pei-Hung Liao; Hsiu-Ling Hsu
GIMS-based method for vegetation microwave monitoring
The objective of this paper is threefold: (1) To present a working methodology for the combined use of modeling technology and microwave remote-sensing measurements in the assessment of attenuation of electromagnetic waves by the vegetation cover; (2) ... Keywords: GIMS, Microwave, Remote sensing, Vegetative cover
Vladimir F. Krapivin; Anatolij M. Shutko; Alexander A. Chukhlantsev; Sergei P. Golovachev; Gary W. Phillips
Preliminary Design of an Industrial/Commercial Microwave Clothes Dryer
Drying fabrics with microwave energy can reduce both the drying time and the drying temperature. This process provides a new level of fabric care to make all fabrics last longer and look better. The purpose of designing a 125-pound commercial/industrial microwave dryer was to perform cost exercises and calculate payback periods.
Microwave measurement of water content in flowing crude oil
A microwave method and a microwave device for measurement of water content in flowing crude oil are proposed. The method is based on measuring power of electromagnetic waves propagated through a transmission line and reflected from the load that is a ...
Yu. V. Makeev; A. P. Lifanov; A. S. Sovlukov
Microwave sintering of sol-gel derived abrasive grain
A method is provided for making microwave-sintered, free flowing alpha alumina-based ceramic abrasive grain, under conditions effective to couple microwaves with calcined alpha alumina-based abrasive gain precursor and sinter it at a temperature of at least about 1150.degree. C.
Plovnick, Ross (St. Louis Park, MN); Celikkaya, Ahmet (Woodbury, MN); Blake, Rodger D. (Tuscon, AZ)
Microwave sintering of single plate-shaped articles
Apparatus and method for high temperature sintering of plate-shaped articles of alumina, magnesia, silica, yttria, zirconia, and mixtures thereof using microwave radiation. An article is placed within a sintering structure located within a sintering container which is placed in a microwave cavity for heating. The rates at which heating and cooling take place is controlled.
Katz, Joel D. (Los Alamos, NM); Blake, Rodger D. (Tucson, AZ)
A hybrid-heating microwave oven provides the energy to heat small 10-gram samples of spent metal tritide storage bed material to release tenaciously held decay product {sup 3}He. Complete mass balance procedures require direct measurement of added or produced gases on a tritide bed, and over 1100 C is necessary to release deep trapped {sup 3}He. The decomposition of non-radioactive CaCO{sub 3} and the quantitative measurement of CO{sub 2} within 3% of stoichiometry demonstrate the capabilities of the apparatus to capture generated (released) gases.
Walters, T; Paul Burket, P; John Scogin, J
Laser beam generating apparatus
Laser beam generating apparatus including a septum segment disposed longitudinally within the tubular structure of the apparatus. The septum provides for radiatively dissipating heat buildup within the tubular structure and for generating relatively uniform laser beam pulses so as to minimize or eliminate radial pulse delays (the chevron effect). 11 figures.
Warner, B.E.; Duncan, D.B.
Laser beam generating apparatus including a septum segment disposed longitudinally within the tubular structure of the apparatus. The septum provides for radiatively dissipating heat buildup within the tubular structure and for generating relatively uniform laser beam pulses so as to minimize or eliminate radial pulse delays (the chevron effect).
Warner, Bruce E. (Livermore, CA); Duncan, David B. (Auburn, CA)
Laser beam generating apparatus including a septum segment disposed longitudinally within the tubular structure of the apparatus is described. The septum provides for radiatively dissipating heat buildup within the tubular structure and for generating relatively uniform laser beam pulses so as to minimize or eliminate radial pulse delays (the chevron effect). 7 figures.
Beam Diagnostics for FACET
FACET, the Facility for Advanced Accelerator and Experimental Tests, is a new facility being constructed in sector 20 of the SLAC linac primarily to study beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration beginning in summer 2011. The nominal FACET parameters are 23GeV, 3nC electron bunches compressed to about 20 {micro}m long and focussed to about 10 {micro}m wide. Characterization of the beam-plasma interaction requires complete knowledge of the incoming beam parameters on a pulse-to-pulse basis. FACET diagnostics include Beam Position Monitors, Toroidal current monitors, X-ray and Cerenkov based energy spectrometers, optical transition radiation (OTR) profile monitors and coherent transition radiation (CTR) bunch length measurement systems. The compliment of beam diagnostics and their expected performance are reviewed. Beam diagnostic measurements not only provide valuable insights to the running and tuning of the accelerator but also are crucial for the PWFA experiments in particular. Beam diagnostic devices are being set up at FACET and will be ready for beam commissioning in summer 2011.
Li, S.Z.; Hogan, M.J.; /SLAC
Spin in the worldline path integral in 2 + 1 dimensions
We present a constructive derivation of a worldline path integral for the effective action and the propagator of a Dirac field in 2 + 1 dimensions, in terms of spacetime and SU(2) paths. After studying some general properties of this representation, we show that the auxiliary gauge-group variable can be integrated, deriving a worldline action depending only on x({tau}), the spacetime paths. We then show that the functional integral automatically imposes the constraint x{sup .2}({tau})=1, while there is a spin action, which agrees with the one one should expect for a spin-1/2 field.
Fosco, C.D. [Centro Atomico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, 8400 Bariloche (Argentina); Sanchez-Guillen, J. [Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Facultad de Fisica and Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Energias, Universidad de Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Vazquez, R.A. [Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Facultad de Fisica and Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Energias, Universidad de Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain)], E-mail: email@example.com
Beam director design report
A design and fabrication effort for a beam director is documented. The conceptual design provides for the beam to pass first through a bending and focusing system (or ''achromat''), through a second achromat, through an air-to-vacuum interface (the ''beam window''), and finally through the vernier steering system. Following an initial concept study for a beam director, a prototype permanent magnet 30/sup 0/ beam-bending achromat and prototype vernier steering magnet were designed and built. In volume II, copies are included of the funding instruments, requests for quotations, purchase orders, a complete set of as-built drawings, magnetic measurement reports, the concept design report, and the final report on the design and fabrication project. (LEW)
Younger, F.C.
First Beam to FACET
The SLAC 3km linear electron accelerator has been reconfigured to provide a beam of electrons to the new Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET) while simultaneously providing an electron beam to the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). On June 23, 2011, the first electron beam was transported through this new facility. Commissioning of FACET is in progress. On June 23, 2011, an electron beam was successfully transported through the new FACET system to a dump in Sector 20 in the linac tunnel. This was achieved while the last third of the linac, operating from the same control room, but with a separate injector system, was providing an electron beam to the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), demonstrating that concurrent operation of the two facilities is practical. With the initial checkout of the new transport line essentially complete, attention is now turning toward compressing the electron bunches longitudinally and focusing them transversely to support a variety of accelerator science experiments.
Erickson, R.; Clarke, C.; Colocho, W.; Decker, F.-J.; Hogan, M.; Kalsi, S.; Lipkowitz, N.; Nelson, J.; Phinney, N.; Schuh, P.; Sheppard, J.; Smith, H.; Smith, T.; Stanek, M.; Turner, J.; Warren, J.; Weathersby, S.; Wienands, U.; Wittmer, W.; Woodley, M.; Yocky, G.; /SLAC
Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis
Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis The invention apparatus can also be used to monitor for the presence of halogens, sulfur and silicon. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis There has been invented a process for analyzing ambient air in a microwave induced plasma without use of an additional carrier gas. There has also been invented an apparatus for analyzing ambient air, other sample gas, or nebulized and desolvated liquids wherein a novel arrangement of plasma gas and sample gas conduits is used to enhance dependability of the plasma. This apparatus embodiment of the invention has a concentric arrangement of
Mobile system for microwave removal of concrete surfaces
A method and apparatus are disclosed for the microwave removal of contaminated concrete surfaces. The apparatus comprises a housing adapted to pass over a support surface. The housing includes a waveguide for directing microwave energy to the surface at an angle maximizing absorption of microwave energy by the surface. The apparatus is further provided with a source of microwave energy operably associated with the waveguide, wherein the microwave energy has a frequency of between about 10.6 GHz and about 24 GHz and acts to remove the uppermost layer from the surface. The apparatus further includes a debris containment assembly comprising a vacuum assembly operably associated with the housing. The vacuum assembly is adapted to remove debris from the area adjacent the surface. 7 figs.
White, T.L.; Bigelow, T.S.; Schaich, C.R.; Foster, D. Jr.
A method and apparatus for the microwave removal of contaminated concrete surfaces. The apparatus comprises a housing adapted to pass over a support surface. The housing includes a waveguide for directing microwave energy to the surface at an angle maximizing absorption of microwave energy by the surface. The apparatus is further provided with a source of microwave energy operably associated with the waveguide, wherein the microwave energy has a frequency of between about 10.6 GHz and about 24 GHz and acts to remove the uppermost layer from the surface. The apparatus further includes a debris containment assembly comprising a vacuum assembly operably associated with the housing. The vacuum assembly is adapted to remove debris from the area adjacent the surface.
White, Terry L. (Oak Ridge, TN); Bigelow, Timothy S. (Knoxville, TN); Schaich, Charles R. (Lenoir City, TN); Foster, Jr., Don (Knoxville, TN)
Coupled Electromagnetic and Thermal Modeling of Microwave Tissue Processing
This study deals with 3D finite element modeling of microwave tissue processing using Comsol software 4.0. Maxwell�s equations are coupled with heat conduction equation to determine electromagnetic field distribution and temperature profile within tissue sample in a reagent inside a domestic microwave oven. The microwave power generation term is calculated. Also, temperature distribution obtained is compared with experimental point measurements recorded in the centre of the tissue using a shielded K type thermocouple. Good agreement is found between numerical and experimental data. The effect of size of both reagent and tissue as well as tissue type on microwave heating patterns within tissue sample is investigated. Studies shows that the reagent volume has greater effect than other factors. The results of the study is considered as a basic foundation for development of coupled electromagnetic thermal models of microwave heating of tissue specimens. The model assists in choosing appropriate process parameters for achieving uniform temperature distribution within tissue specimen.
Osama A Hassan; Ahmed H K; Il Ences; Ahmed M El Bialy
Container for heat treating materials in microwave ovens
The efficiency of a microwave oven of a conventional two-source configuration and energy level is increased by providing the oven with a container for housing a refractory material to be treated. The container is formed of top and bottom walls transparent to microwaves while the sidewalls, in a circular configuration, are formed of a nonmetallic material opaque to microwave radiation reflecting the radiation penetrating the top and bottom walls radially inwardly into the center of the container wherein a casket of heat-insulating material is provided for housing the material to be heat treated. The reflection of the microwave radiation from the sidewalls increases the concentration of the microwaves upon the material being heat treated while the casket retains the heat to permit the heating of the material to a substantially higher temperature than achieveable in the oven without the container.
Holcombe, Cressie E. (Farragut, TN); Dykes, Norman L. (Oak Ridge, TN); Kimrey, Jr., Harold D. (Knoxville, TN); Mills, James E. (Knoxville, TN)
Overview of Nonintercepting Beam-Size Monitoring with Optical Diffraction Radiation
The initial demonstrations over the last several years of the use of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) as nonintercepting electron-beam-parameter monitors are reviewed. Developments in both far-field imaging and near-field imaging are addressed for ODR generated by a metal plane with a slit aperture, a single metal plane, and two-plane interferences. Polarization effects and sensitivities to beam size, divergence, and position will be discussed as well as a proposed path towards monitoring 10-micron beam sizes at 25 GeV.
Lumpkin, Alex H. [Fermilab, Batavia IL 60510 (United States)
Electro-optic harmonic conversion to switch a laser beam out of a cavity
The invention is a switch to permit a laser beam to escape a laser cavity through the use of an externally applied electric field across a harmonic conversion crystal. Amplification takes place in the laser cavity, and then the laser beam is switched out by the laser light being harmonically converted with dichroic or polarization sensitive elements present to alter the optical path of the harmonically converted laser light. Modulation of the laser beam can also be accomplished by varying the external electric field.
Haas, Roger A. (Pleasanton, CA); Henesian, Mark A. (Livermore, CA)
High power linear pulsed beam annealer. [Patent application
A high power pulsed electron beam system for annealing semiconductors is comprised of an electron gun having a heated cathode, control grid and focus ring for confining the pulsed beam of electrons to a predetermined area, and a curved drift tube. The drift tube and an annular Faraday shield between the focus ring and the drift tube are maintained at a high positive voltage with respect to the cathode to accelerate electrons passing through the focus ring, thereby eliminating space charge limitations on the emission of electrons from said gun. A coil surrounding the curved drift tube provides a magnetic field which maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the tube. The magnetic field produced by the coil around the curved tube imparts motion to electrons in a spiral path for shallow penetration of the electrons into a target. It also produces a scalloped profile of the electron beam. A second drift tube spaced a predetermined distance from the curved tube is positioned with its axis aligned with the axis of the first drift tube. The second drift tube and the target holder are maintained at a reference voltage between the cathode voltage and the curved tube voltage to decelerate the electrons. A second coil surrounding the second drift tube, maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the second drift tube. The magnetic field of the second coil comprises the electron beam to the area of the semiconductor on the target holder.
Strathman, M.D.; Sadana, D.K.; True, R.B.
SPEAR3 Beam Line Availability
Beam Line Support | Floor Support | Administrative Support SPEAR3 Beam Line Availability Beam Line BL Type Technique(s) Status 1-4 X-ray Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering Open...
A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast | Department of Energy
A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast September 30, 2010 - 11:45am Addthis A Path Forward for the Gulf Coast Bill Valdez Bill Valdez Principal Deputy Director The Gulf Coast is a gate for commerce, producer of seafood, oil and natural gas, host to diverse ecosystems, home to millions and it's future is intertwined with the future of this Nation. Our country has made a promise to the people and small businesses of the Gulf Coast to restore their environment, economy and health, and continue a conversation with the fisherman, environmental workers, elected officials, health officials, scientists and Gulf residents on how to restore the Gulf. Those conversations and our promise to the Gulf are laid out in U.S. Navy Secretary Ray Mabus' report, which was released on Tuesday and presented
Measurements of Rainfall Properties Using Long Optical Path Imaging
Measurements of long-path optical attenuation of visible light due to rainfall are described, from which rainfall parameters are derived. Novel aspects of the method are the use of a distant uncontrolled and broadband spotlight source, and ...
S. G. Bradley; C. D. Stow; C. A. Lynch-Blosse
Thermal Conductivity Spectroscopy Technique to Measure Phonon Mean Free Paths
Size effects in heat conduction, which occur when phonon mean free paths (MFPs) are comparable to characteristic lengths, are being extensively explored in many nanoscale systems for energy applications. Knowledge of MFPs ...
Schmidt, A. J.
Combining Path Integration and Remembered Landmarks When Navigating without Vision
This study investigated the interaction between remembered landmark and path integration strategies for estimating current location when walking in an environment without vision. We asked whether observers navigating without ...
Schrater, Paul R.
Optimally controlling hybrid electric vehicles using path forecasting
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) with path-forecasting belong to the class of fuel efficient vehicles, which use external sensory information and powertrains with multiple operating modes in order to increase fuel economy. ...
Katsargyri, Georgia-Evangelina
Path dependent receding horizon control policies for hybrid electric vehicles
Future hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) may use path-dependent operating policies to improve fuel economy. In our previous work, we developed a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm for prescribing the battery state of charge ...
Kolmanovsky, Ilya V.
Optimally Controlling Hybrid Electric Vehicles using Path Forecasting
The paper examines path-dependent control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). In this approach we seek to improve HEV fuel economy by optimizing charging and discharging of the vehicle battery depending on the forecasted ...
under varying temperature conditions. Keywords: Electricity, demand, imports, transmission flows Marshall, Marc Pryor, David Vidaver Electricity Analysis Office Electricity Supply Assessment Division a 2008 staff assessment of electricity flows over Path 26 during heat spells in the summers of 2006
A Surprising Path for Proton Transfer Without Hydrogen Bonds
A Surprising Path for Proton Transfer Without Hydrogen Bonds Print Hydrogen bonds are found everywhere in chemistry and biology and are critical in DNA and RNA. A hydrogen bond...
Lidar-Transmissometer Visibility Comparisons Over Slant and Horizontal Paths
Atmospheric visibility has been measured with the lidar technique using the �slope method.� The system is briefly described and some aspects of slant path visibility measurements for aeronautical applications are discussed. Measurements in dense ...
J. L. Gaumet; A. Petitpa
may not be a household term just yet, it represents one promising path forward for using fossil fuels as part of a clean energy future. At most coal fired power plants, the coal...
elite set P does not have at least ? elements, then if ?? is feasible and sufficiently different ...... Fundamentals of scatter search and path relinking. ... In F. Glover and G. Kochenberger, editors, Handbook of Metaheuristics, pages. 219� 249.
Path predicate abstraction by complete interval property checking
This paper describes a method to create an abstract model from a set of properties fulfilling a certain completeness criterion. The proposed abstraction can be understood as a path predicate abstraction. As in predicate abstraction, certain concrete ...
Joakim Urdahl; Dominik Stoffel; J�rg Bormann; Markus Wedler; Wolfgang Kunz
DOE Joint Genome Institute: Spikemoss Genome Offers New Paths...
5, 2011 Spikemoss Genome Offers New Paths for Biofuels Research--Bridges Plant Development Gap WALNUT CREEK, Calif.- It's not quite Christmas, but the DNA sequence of a small plant...
The paths and characteristics of real estate entrepreneurs
What paths have real estate entrepreneurs taken to establish their own firm? Also, what characteristics did they develop and utilize in the process? This thesis gives the unique opportunity to better understand the life ...
Kazmierski, Michael (Michael Anthony)
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: SunPath
SunPath Calculates the position of the center of the sun in the sky at locations, dates, and times specified by the user. Numerous calculation options are available. Includes a...
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VII Respiration and Photosynthesis
seconds, me-minutes, PS. -photosynthesis mith C 14 02, C. -treatments subsequent t o photosynthesis were done i n C02-THE PATH OF CARBON I N PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS*
Diverging Paths for IT Industries in Taiwan and Korea
E B A article, Twn/Korea 11-9-94 Diverging PathsIT Industries in Taiwan and Korea Jason Dedrick and Kennethtechnology (IT) industry in Korea and Taiwan. Riding the
Dedrick, Jason; Kraemer, Kenneth L.
Path planning of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for adaptive sampling
This thesis develops new methods for path planning of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for adaptive sampling. The problem is approached in an optimization framework and two methods are developed to solve it based on Mixed ...
Yilmaz, Namik Kemal, 1975-
Loop Current Eddy Paths in the Western Gulf of Mexico
The paths of anticyclonic Loop Current eddies in the western Gulf of Mexico have been investigated using ARGOS-tracked drifters accompanied by hydrographic surveys. The analysis used orbit parameters derived from a least square fit of a ...
Peter Hamilton; G. S. Fargion; D. C. Biggs
A Shared Path Toward a Sustainable Energy Future
Shared Path Toward a Sustainable Energy Future Shared Path Toward a Sustainable Energy Future The DOE Office of Indian Energy's approach is, first and foremost, a collaborative one. Led by Director Tracey A. LeBeau (Cheyenne River Sioux), the office works with tribal nations, federal agencies, state governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to develop the considerable energy resources that exist on Indian lands. To guide the strategic planning and implementation of the department's tribal
Electron and laser beam welding
This book contains 22 selections. Some of the titles are: Laser welding of chandelles to the plates of the sommier employed in the nuclear power plant core; Electron beam welding of hobbing cutters; Sealing welds in electron beam welding of thick metals; Development and application of high power electron beam welding; Electron beam welding of dissimilar metals (niobium, molybdenum, porous tungsten-molybdenum); Status of electron beam welding in the United States of America; and Electron and laser beam welding in Japan.
ABS>This patent relates to improvements in electric discharge devices of the calutron type for separation of the isotopes of an element from the freely occurring composition. The improvement constitutes means for the continuous control of the path of an ion beam to obtain maximum reception in a receiver compartment. Withdrawal of the ions from the source is accomplished by an accelerator electrode placed at a positive potential with respect to the receiver. The ions are projected through a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of motion towards a receiver. In order to obtain a signal representative of the magnitude of ions received from a particular ion-beam in its compartment, an electrode is disposed in the compartment. The signal from the compartment electrode controls the voltage of the acccleratimg electrodc through appropriate circuitry to maintain the path of the particular ion beam optimum for maximum ion current in the compartment.
Lawrence, E.O.
Initial Studies Toward Real-Time Transmission Path Rating
Demand continues to increase while transmission line construction is being constrained by multiple factors� economic, environmental, and political. Effective and efficient utilization of transmission lines is thus of great importance in an open access environment. Large blocks of power are transferred from areas with inexpensive generation to heavy load demand areas or areas with high generation costs. This results in some transmission paths being loaded closer to their path ratings, which limits further power transfer between areas. Traditionally, rating of important paths was determined off line by assuming the worst-case study scenario; once determined, it could be used for years. With increasing uncertainty arising from rapid growth of renewable energy and smart technologies, path rating studies are needed in near-real time to account for the latest system status and support a reliable and economic power grid. This paper adopts a simplified procedure based on standards of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to determine total transfer capability (TTC) or transfer limit for the purpose of demonstrating the benefits and necessity of real-time path rating. Initial studies are conducted to compute TTC of a two-area test system and a 39-bus test system. Results indicate that path rating can be significantly affected by loading conditions, generator schedules, system topology and other factors.
Singh, Ruchi; Diao, Ruisheng; Cai, Niannian; Huang, Zhenyu; Tuck, Brian; Guo, Xinxin
Challenges in Accelerator Beam Instrumentation
The challenges in beam instrumentation and diagnostics for present and future particle accelerator projects are presented. A few examples for advanced hadron and lepton beam diagnostics are given.
Wendt, M
Wendt, M.
Frontiers of Particle Beam Physics
Low Emittance e--e+ Beams, Brookhaven National Laboratory,Island, NY, October 1988, Brookhaven National Laboratory,Low Emittance e--e+ Beams, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Sessler, Andrew M.
ARM: Microwave Radiometer data (MWR Profiles - QME), water vapor, temp, cloud liquid water, precip water retrievals
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Microwave Radiometer data (MWR Profiles - QME), water vapor, temp, cloud liquid water, precip water retrievals
Maria Cadeddu
Modeling of Microwave Ovens with Perforated Metal Walls Erin M. Kiley and Vadim V. Yakovlev
engineers developing new microwaveable products. This can be explained by the particularly complex nature, modeling. I. INTRODUCTION While historically, technological progress in microwave power engineering has microwave ovens - the most widespread microwave heating devices - have not yet been notably adopted by food
Yakovlev, Vadim
Beam Purification by Photodetachment
Ion beam purity is of crucial importance to many basic and applied studies. Selective photodetachment has been proposed to suppress unwanted species in negative ion beams while preserving the intensity of the species of interest. A highly efficient technique based on photodetachment in a gas-filled radio frequency quadrupole ion cooler has been demonstrated. In off-line experiments with stable ions, up to 104 times suppression of the isobar contaminants in a number of interesting radioactive negative ion beams has been demonstrated. For selected species, this technique promises experimental possibilities in studies on exotic nuclei, accelerator mass spectrometry, and fundamental properties of negative atomic and molecular ions.
Liu, Yuan [ORNL; Beene, James R [ORNL; Havener, Charles C [ORNL; Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo {nmn} [ORNL; Andersson, P. [University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Lindahl, A. O. [University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Hanstorp, D. [University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Forstner, Dr. Oliver [University of Vienna, Austria; Gottwald, T. [Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Wendt, K. [Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Simulations of beam-beam and beam-wire interactions in RHIC
The beam-beam interaction is one of the dominant sources of emittance growth and luminosity lifetime deterioration. A current carrying wire has been proposed to compensate long-range beam-beam effects in the LHC and strong localized long-range beam-beam effects are experimentally investigated in the RHIC collider. Tune shift, beam transfer function, and beam loss rate are measured in dedicated experiments. In this paper, they report on simulations to study the effect of beam-wire interactions based on diffusive apertures, beam loss rates, and beam transfer function using a parallelized weak-strong beam simulation code (BBSIMC). The simulation results are compared with measurements performed in RHIC during 2007 and 2008.
Kim, Hyung J.; Sen, Tanaji; /Fermilab; Abreu, Natalia P.; Fischer, Wolfram; /Brookhaven
Microwave processing improvements for methane conversion to ethylene
This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The project`s objective was to investigate microwave enhanced catalysis. Published work by others had demonstrated improved selectivity in microwave-driven catalytic conversion of 2-methylpentane to its isomers. We reproduced their experiment, discovering that there is no improvement in selectivity using microwaves. The selectivity at a given conversion was the same for both microwave heated and conventionally heated catalyst beds. Meetings with the authors of the previously published work led to the conjecture that their catalyst was not being prepared properly, leading to anomalously low selectivity for their conventional heating runs. An optical temperature diagnostic suitable for use on a microwave applicator was developed and characterized in this project. This pyrometer can measure the temperature of small scale features on the catalyst bed, and it has a fast response that can follow the rapid heating often encountered in a microwave processing system. The behavior of the microwave applicator system was studied, and theoretical models were developed to yield insight about the stability and control of the system.
Stringfield, R.; Ott, K.; Nelson, E.; Anderson, G.; Chen, Dye-Zone; Dyer, T. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Thomas, J. [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA (United States)
Simulation study of beam-beam effects in ion beams with large space charge tuneshift
During low-energy operations with gold-gold collisions at 3.85 GeV beam energy, significant beam lifetime reductions have been observed due to the beam-beam interaction in the presence of large space charge tuneshifts. These beam-beam tuneshift parameters were about an order of magnitude smaller than during regular high energy operations. To get a better understanding of this effect, simulations have been performed. Recent results are presented.
Montag C.
Central symmetry and antisymmetry of the microwave background inhomogeneities on Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe maps
We performed a visual and numeric analysis of the deviation of the microwave background temperature on WMAP maps. We proved that the microwave background inhomogeneities possess the property of the central symmetry resulting from the two kinds of central symmetry of the opposite signs. After the computer modeling we have established the relation between the coefficient of the central symmetry and the values of the symmetrical and antisymmetrical components of the deviation of the temperature. The obtained distribution of the symmetry coefficient on the map of the celestial sphere in Mollweide projection testifies on a contribution of both kinds of central symmetry which is approximately equal on the average in absolute magnitude but opposite by sign and where one kind of the central symmetry prevails on some sections of the celestial sphere and another kind - on the others. The average resulting value of the symmetry coefficient on the sections with angular measures less than 15-200 varies within the range fr...
Kudriavtcev, Iurii
Courses on Beam Physics
Beam Physics Beam Physics The following is an incomplete listing of course available for beam physics. United States Particle Accelerator School The US Particle Accelerator School provides educational programs in the field of beams and their associated accelerator technologies not otherwise available to the community of science and technology. Joint Universities Accelerator School Each year JUAS provides a foundation course on accelerator physics and associated technologies. The US-CERN-Japan-Russia Joint Accelerator School The purpose of the US-CERN-Japan-Russia joint school is to better our relations by working together on an advanced topical course every two years, alternating between the U.S., western Europe, Japan and Russia. The last set of courses focused on the frontiers of accelerator technology in
BNL | ATF Beam Schedule
Beam Schedule (pdf) Beam Schedule (pdf) Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 22 1/2 Holiday Holiday 28 January Holiday 4 5 Maintenance 11 12 Maintenance 18 19 Holiday AE52 - DWFA (Euclid), BL2 25 February AE52 - DWFA (Euclid), BL2 1 2 AE50 - PWFA in QNR (UCLA), BL2 8 9 AE50 - PWFA in QNR (UCLA), BL2 15 16 Holiday AE50 - PWFA in QNR (UCLA), BL2 22 March 1 2 AE53 - Nonlinear Compton (UCLA) 8 9 AE53 - Nonlinear Compton (UCLA) 15 16 AE53 - Nonlinear Compton (UCLA) 22 23 29 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday User operations (E-beam in use) Ions - Ion generation User operations (laser in use) PWFA - Plasma Wakefield Acceleration User operations (E-beam and laser in use)
1996 Beam Instrumentation Workshop
1996 Beam Instrumentation Workshop BIW '96 logo The Advanced Photon Source (APS) Argonne National Laboratory May 6-9, 1996 Dear Colleague: It is my pleasure to invite you to the...
Suppression of shot noise and spontaneous radiation in electron beams
Shot noise in the electron beam distribution is the main source of noise in high-gain FEL amplifiers, which may affect applications ranging from single- and multi-stage HGHG FELs to an FEL amplifier for coherent electron cooling. This noise also imposes a fundamental limit of about 10{sup 6} on FEL gain, after which SASE FELs saturate. There are several advantages in strongly suppressing this shot noise in the electron beam, and the corresponding spontaneous radiation. For more than a half-century, a traditional passive method has been used successfully in practical low-energy microwave electronic devices to suppress shot noise. Recently, it was proposed for this purpose in FELs. However, being passive, the method has some significant limitations and is hardly suitable for the highly inhomogeneous beams of modern high-gain FELs. I present a novel active method of suppressing, by many orders-of-magnitude, the shot noise in relativistic electron beams. I give a theoretical description of the process, and detail its fundamental limitation.
Intense ion beam generator
Methods and apparatus for producing intense megavolt ion beams are disclosed. In one embodiment, a reflex triode-type pulsed ion accelerator is described which produces ion pulses of more than 5 kiloamperes current with a peak energy of 3 MeV. In other embodiments, the device is constructed so as to focus the beam of ions for high concentration and ease of extraction, and magnetic insulation is provided to increase the efficiency of operation.
Humphries, Jr., Stanley (Ithaca, NY); Sudan, Ravindra N. (Ithaca, NY)
Beam/seam alignment control for electron beam welding
This invention relates to a dynamic beam/seam alignment control system for electron beam welds utilizing video apparatus. The system includes automatic control of workpiece illumination, near infrared illumination of the workpiece to limit the range of illumination and camera sensitivity adjustment, curve fitting of seam position data to obtain an accurate measure of beam/seam alignment, and automatic beam detection and calculation of the threshold beam level from the peak beam level of the preceding video line to locate the beam or seam edges.
Burkhardt, Jr., James H. (Knoxville, TN); Henry, J. James (Oak Ridge, TN); Davenport, Clyde M. (Knoxville, TN)
Small Spot, Brighter Beam
Small Spot, Brighter Beam Small Spot, Brighter Beam Small Spot, Brighter Beam Print Do you notice the brighter beam? During the most recent shutdown, all of the corrector magnets were replaced with sextupoles, reducing the horizontal emittance and increasing beam brightness. "This is part of ongoing improvement to keep the ALS on the cutting edge," says Alastair MacDowell, a beamline scientist on Beamline 12.2.2. The brightness has increased by a factor of about three in the storage ring. Beamlines on superbend or center-bend magnets will see the most noticeable increase in brightness, but the horizontal beam size and divergence have been substantially reduced at all beamlines. "We are starting to approach the resolution of many beamlines. Therefore, not every beamline will be able to resolve the full improvement," says Christoph Steier, project leader of the brightness upgrade. Though superbend and center-bend magnet source sizes are reduced by roughly a factor of three, "measured improvements so far range from a factor of 2-2.5," Steier says. He and MacDowell agree that the beamline optics are likely the limiting factor in resolving the full improvement at the beamlines.
Wire Scanner Beam Profile Measurements: LANSCE Facility Beam Development
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is replacing Wire Scanner (WS) beam profile measurement systems. Three beam development tests have taken place to test the new wire scanners under beam conditions. These beam development tests have integrated the WS actuator, cable plant, electronics processors and associated software and have used H{sup -} beams of different beam energy and current conditions. In addition, the WS measurement-system beam tests verified actuator control systems for minimum profile bin repeatability and speed, checked for actuator backlash and positional stability, tested the replacement of simple broadband potentiometers with narrow band resolvers, and tested resolver use with National Instruments Compact Reconfigurable Input and Output (cRIO) Virtual Instrumentation. These beam tests also have verified how trans-impedance amplifiers react with various types of beam line background noise and how noise currents were not generated. This paper will describe these beam development tests and show some resulting data.
Gilpatrick, John D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Batygin, Yuri K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gonzales, Fermin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gruchalla, Michael E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kutac, Vincent G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martinez, Derwin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sedillo, James Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pillai, Chandra [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodriguez Esparza, Sergio [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Smith, Brian G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Self-consistent microwave plasma heating rates
Under conditions within a hot overdense plasma corona where the field frequency is much less than the electron plasma frequency and the field period is much less than the hydrodynamic expansion time it is shown that electron field reversal heating can exceed the combined classical heating rates due to inverse bremsstrahlung (skin effect) and field pressure (PdV) by a factor approximately v/ sub e//2v/sub i/ (half the ratio of electron and ion thermal velocities). In particular this rate can exceed the inertial expansion cooling rate at a collisionless corona density of approximately 1 percent solid core density and could be realized experimentally at core temperatures approximately 3--5 keV and microwave field intensities approximately 1 MG. (auth)
Ensley, D.L.; White, R.H.
Microwave-Regenerated Diesel Exhaust Particulate Filter
Development of a microwave-regenerated particulate filter system has evolved from bench scale work to actual diesel engine experimentation. The filter system was initially evaluated on a stationary mounted 1.2-L diesel engine and was able to remove a significant amount of carbon particles from the exhaust. The ability of the microwave energy to regenerate or clean the filter was also demonstrated on this engine under idle conditions. Based on the 1.2-L experiments, improvements to the filter design and materials were implemented and the system was re-evaluated on a vehicle equipped with a 7.3-L diesel engine. The 7.3-L engine was selected to achieve heavy filter loading in a relatively short period of time. The purpose of these experiments was to evaluate filter-loading capacity, power requirements for regeneration, and filter regeneration efficiency. A more detailed evaluation of the filter was performed on a stationary mounted 1.9-L diesel engine. The effect of exhaust flow rate, loading, transients, and regeneration on filter efficiency was evaluated with this setup. In addition, gaseous exhaust emissions were investigated with and without an oxidation catalyst on the filter cartridge during loading and regeneration. (SAE Paper SAE-2001-01-0903 � 2001 SAE International. This paper is published on this website with permission from SAE International. As a user of this website, you are permitted to view this paper on-line, download this pdf file and print one copy of this paper at no cost for your use only. The downloaded pdf file and printout of this SAE paper may not be copied, distributed or forwarded to others or for the use of others.)
Nixdorf, Richard D. (Industrial Ceramic Solution, LLC); Green, Johney Boyd; Story, John M.; Wagner, Robert M. (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
Optical design of the National Ignition Facility main laser and switchyard/target area beam transport system
The optical design of the main laser and transport mirror sections of the National Ignition Facility are described. For the main laser the configuration, layout constraints, multiple beam arrangement, pinhole layout and beam paths, clear aperture budget, ray trace models, alignment constraints, lens designs, wavefront performance, and pupil aberrations are discussed. For the transport mirror system the layout, alignment controls and clear aperture budget are describe
English, R E; Korniski, R J; Miller, J L; Rodgers, J M
Electron Beam Powder Bed Processes
Advanced Materials, Processes and Applications for Additive Manufacturing : Electron Beam Powder Bed Processes Program Organizers: Andrzej�...
Single element laser beam shaper
A single lens laser beam shaper for converting laser beams from any spatial profile to a flat-top or uniform spatial profile. The laser beam shaper includes a lens having two aspheric surfaces. The beam shaper significantly simplifies the overall structure in comparison with conventional 2-element systems and therefore provides great ease in alignment and reduction of cost.
Zhang, Shukui (Yorktown, VA); Michelle D. Shinn (Newport News, VA)
Water vapor from sunradiometry in comparison with microwave and balloon-sonde measurements at the Southern Great Plains ARM Site
Water vapor plays a fundamental role in weather and climate. It is the most important greenhouse gas and the most variable in space and time. The DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program is devoting a large fraction of its resources for the accurate characterization of the column abundance and the distribution of water vapor with altitude. Balloon sondes, microwave radiometers, and Raman lidars are the major instruments either currently in use or under consideration for these tasks. Although the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) is primarily intended for use in accurate measurements of spectral short-wave radiation and in the measurement of spectral extinction by aerosol, it has the potential to measure total column water vapor as well. In this paper the authors report on a preliminary investigation of the MFRSR`s capabilities with regard to accurate measurements of total column water vapor at times when there is a clear path to the sun, i.e., cloudless conditions.
Michalsky, J.J.; Harrison, L.C. [State Univ. of New York, Albany, NY (United States). Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; Liljegren, J.C. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
Analysis of the mode composition of an X-band overmoded O-type Cerenkov high-power microwave oscillator
Overmoded slow wave structures (SWSs) with large diameter are utilized in O-type Cerenkov high-power microwave (HPM) sources for their high power capacity. However, multi-modes may be output simultaneously in the overmoded O-type Cerenkov HPM sources. In order to achieve high mode purity, the mode composition of the output power should be analyzed quantitatively when the structure of this type of device is being optimized. Two accurate numerical methods of making quantitative analysis of the mode composition in particle-in-cell model are introduced in this paper. And then, the mode composition of an X-band O-type Cerenkov oscillator with overmoded SWSs (D/{lambda} Almost-Equal-To 2.7) is analyzed. The analysis indicates that appropriate selection of the parameters of overmoded SWSs and electron beam is important, as mentioned in previous reports, for realizing mode selection in beam-wave interaction. Besides, designing of the mode conversion effect, which is rarely discussed, can also affect the mode purity of output power. After adjustment of the dimensions of the tapered waveguide, which converts the combination of 'surface wave' and 'volume wave' to the 'volume wave' in the output waveguide, the percentage of total output microwave power carried by the TM{sub 01} mode is higher than 95% in the X-band overmoded Cerenkov oscillator at the diode voltage ranging from 570 kV to 750 kV.
Zhang Dian; Zhang Jun; Zhong Huihuang; Jin Zhenxing [College of Optoelectric Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073 (China)
Solar technologies and the soft path: an empirical examination
A US national probability sample of 2023 traditional energy users and a purposive sample of 3809 solar energy technology owners are compared to assess whether those who owned solar energy technologies in 1980 have more soft path preferences (SPP) (e.g., attitudes and behaviors compatible with soft energy path developments) than do those who did not own such technologies. It is suggested that SPP is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the social structural transformation of society to the soft energy path proposed by Amory Lovins. A soft-path preferences scale is developed. The scale values for solar and nonsolar homeowners, for active and passive solar technology owners, and for those owing the technologies for four different time periods are compared. The nonsolar homeowners, passive technology owners, and those who owned the technologies from one to five years have the highest SPP scores. The greatest differences were found in the dimension of natural resources conservation. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to examine an extension and specification of Lovins' theory of soft-energy-path development. A model is created which focuses on the process of SPP development. Energy vulnerability needs, contextual resources, type of solar technologies, technological problems, and evaluation are the independent variables of the model.
Lodwick, D.G.
L4, Ultrafast Microwave-Stimulated Sculpting and Thermoelectric ...
... of sulfur doped, Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, and Sb2Te3 by microwave-stimulation. ... which acts as both a shape-mediating agent as well as for dopant delivery.
Analytical scanning evanescent microwave microscope and control stage
A scanning evanescent microwave microscope (SEMM) that uses near-field evanescent electromagnetic waves to probe sample properties is disclosed. The SEMM is capable of high resolution imaging and quantitative measurements of the electrical properties of the sample. The SEMM has the ability to map dielectric constant, loss tangent, conductivity, electrical impedance, and other electrical parameters of materials. Such properties are then used to provide distance control over a wide range, from to microns to nanometers, over dielectric and conductive samples for a scanned evanescent microwave probe, which enable quantitative non-contact and submicron spatial resolution topographic and electrical impedance profiling of dielectric, nonlinear dielectric and conductive materials. The invention also allows quantitative estimation of microwave impedance using signals obtained by the scanned evanescent microwave probe and quasistatic approximation modeling. The SEMM can be used to measure electrical properties of both dielectric and electrically conducting materials.
Xiang, Xiao-Dong; Gao, Chen; Duewer, Fred; Yang, Hai Tao; Lu, Yalin
Ground-Based Passive Microwave Profiling during Dynamic Weather Conditions
Short-period (1�5 min) temperature and humidity soundings up to 10-km height are retrieved from ground-based 12-channel microwave radiometer profiler (MWRP) observations. In contrast to radiosondes, the radiometric retrievals provide very high ...
K. R. Knupp; T. Coleman; D. Phillips; R. Ware; D. Cimini; F. Vandenberghe; J. Vivekanandan; E. Westwater
High-precision optical and microwave signal synthesis and distribution
In this thesis, techniques for high-precision synthesis of optical and microwave signals and their distribution to remote locations are presented. The first topic is ultrafast optical pulse synthesis by coherent superposition ...
Kim, Jung-Won, 1976-
Field Performance of a Spinning-Reflector Microwave Radiometer
In the winter of 1986, two microwave radiometers were operated side by side at a high-altitude weather observation site in the central Sierra Nevada for the purpose of comparing measurements in a variety of ambient weather conditions. The ...
Belay B. Demoz; Arlen W. Huggins; Joseph A. Warburton; Richard L. Smith
Frontal Rainfall Observation by a Commercial Microwave Communication Network
A novel approach for reconstruction of rainfall spatial�temporal dynamics from a wireless microwave network is presented. It employs a stochastic space�time model based on a rainfall advection model, assimilated using a Kalman filter. The ...
Artem Zinevich; Hagit Messer; Pinhas Alpert
Evaluation of Passive Microwave Precipitation Algorithms in Wintertime Midlatitude Situations
The second intercomparison project of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project examined the estimation of midlatitude, cool-season precipitation. As part of that effort, the authors report here on the results of two microwave techniques the ...
Andrew J. Negri; Eric J. Nelkin; Robert F. Adler; George J. Huffman; Christian Kummerow
Correcting Microwave Precipitation Retrievals for near-Surface Evaporation
This paper compares two methods for correcting passive or active microwave surface precipitation estimates based on hydrometeors sensed aloft that may evaporate before landing. These corrections were derived using two years ...
Surussavadee, Chinnawat
Temperature Profiling with Neural Network Inversion of Microwave Radiometer Data
A neural network is used to obtain vertical profiles of temperature from microwave radiometer data. The overall rms error in the retrieved profiles of a test dataset was only about 8% worse than the overall error using an optimized statistical ...
James H. Churnside; Thomas A. Stermitz; Judith A. Schroeder
In situ noncombustive microwave processing of oil shale. Final report
A unified analytical examination of the products of microwave oil shale has been completed. A sample of subituminous Colorado coal was also included. Analysis systems have been planned, constructed and placed into operation so as to provide a definitive profile of the composition of gases, oil, and water released by the microwave heated oil shale and coal samples. In a previous NSF study, it was reported that microwave retorted oil shale produced large quantities of high BTU content gas. In the data presented in this report, using a modular microcoulometric analysis system, a definitive profile of the composition of the gases, oil, and water, released by the microwave retorted oil shale and coal show that the previous results are confirmed.
Wall, E.T.
Overland Precipitation Estimation from TRMM Passive Microwave Observations
Procedures for passive microwave precipitation estimation over land are investigated based on a large database of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations. The procedures include components for rain area delineation, convective/...
Mircea Grecu; Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
Degradation of Radar Reflectivity by Cloud Attenuation at Microwave Frequency
The main object of this paper is to emphasize that clouds�the nonprecipitating component of condensed atmospheric water�can produce a strong attenuation at operational microwave frequencies, although they present a low reflectivity preventing ...
Olivier Pujol; Jean-Fran�ois Georgis; Laurent F�ral; Henri Sauvageot
Microwave Dielectric Heating of Drops in Microfluidic Devices
We present a technique to locally and rapidly heat water drops in microfluidic devices with microwave dielectric heating. Water absorbs microwave power more efficiently than polymers, glass, and oils due to its permanent molecular dipole moment that has a large dielectric loss at GHz frequencies. The relevant heat capacity of the system is a single thermally isolated picoliter drop of water and this enables very fast thermal cycling. We demonstrate microwave dielectric heating in a microfluidic device that integrates a flow-focusing drop maker, drop splitters, and metal electrodes to locally deliver microwave power from an inexpensive, commercially available 3.0 GHz source and amplifier. The temperature of the drops is measured by observing the temperature dependent fluorescence intensity of cadmium selenide nanocrystals suspended in the water drops. We demonstrate characteristic heating times as short as 15 ms to steady-state temperatures as large as 30 degrees C above the base temperature of the microfluidi...
Issadore, David; Brown, Keith A; Sandberg, Lori; Weitz, David; Westervelt, Robert M
Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of nano-composite...
plasma chemical vapor deposition of nano-composite CPt thin-films Title Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of nano-composite CPt thin-films Publication Type Journal...
Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Depositon of Nano-Structured...
Plasma Chemical Vapor Depositon of Nano-Structured SnC Composite Thin-Film anodes for Li-ion Battteries Title Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Depositon of Nano-Structured SnC...
Heterogeneous breast phantom development for microwave imaging using regression models
As new algorithms for microwave imaging emerge, it is important to have standard accurate benchmarking tests. Currently, most researchers use homogeneous phantoms for testing new algorithms. These simple structures lack the heterogeneity of the dielectric ...
Camerin Hahn; Sima Noghanian
A plasma source for system for microwave plasma experiments (SYMPLE)
A system "SYMPLE" is being developed at our laboratory to investigate the interaction of high power microwave and plasma. A brief account on the development of a plasma source that satisfies the prerequisites required for SYMPLE is discussed.
V. P. Anitha; Renu Bahl; Priyavandna J. Rathod; Jayesh Raval; Y. C. Saxena
Tomographic Reconstruction of Rainfall Fields through Microwave Attenuation Measurements
A new method is presented for estimating the space-time rainfall intensity distribution at ground level over a limited area. This is based on a tomographic technique that exploits the relationship between microwave attenuation and rainfall ...
D. Giuli; A. Toccafondi; G. Biffi Gentili; A. Freni
Development of a Microwave Clothes Dryer: Interim Report I
The development of a microwave clothes dryer has the potential to bring significant consumer benefits to this appliance. Efficient, short drying cycles are possible for both normal and delicate fabrics. The first year of development is described here.
A Dual-Frequency Microwave Technique for Measuring Rainwater Content
While there are many microwave techniques for estimating the rainfall rate, there are presently few if any for accurately determining the rainwater content (W). This study shows that the dual-frequency (38, 25 GHZ) differential attenuation (A38?...
A. R. Jameson
Integrating giant microwave absorption with magnetic refrigeration in one
Integrating giant microwave absorption with magnetic refrigeration in one multifunctional with magnetic refrigeration in one multifunctional material. This integration not only advances our EMI problem, it is becoming very urgent to design and fabricate the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC
Wang, Wei Hua
On the forward scattering of microwave breast imaging
Microwave imaging for breast cancer detection has been of significant interest for the last two decades. Recent studies focus on solving the imaging problem using an inverse scattering approach. Efforts have mainly been focused on the development of ...
Hoi-Shun Lui; Andreas Fhager; Mikael Persson
A Bayesian Approach to Microwave Precipitation Profile Retrieval
A multichannel passive microwave precipitation retrieval algorithm is developed. Bayes theorem is used to combine statistical information from numerical cloud models with forward radiative transfer modeling. Amultivariate lognormal prior ...
K. Franklin Evans; Joseph Turk; Takmeng Wong; Graeme L. Stephens
Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide by Microwave Solid State Method and ...
In this work, titanium dioxide was synthetized by microwave solid-state ... Properties of Low-Carbon High-strength and Low-yield Ratio Bainitic Steels ... New Methodology of Enhancing Etching Factor of Copper Pattern for Advanced Packages.
Hydrometeor Retrieval Accuracy Using Microwave Window and Sounding Channel Observations
The retrieval errors of cloud and precipitation hydrometeor contents from spaceborne observations are estimated at microwave frequencies in atmospheric windows between 18 and 150 GHz and in oxygen absorption complexes near 50�60 and 118 GHz. The ...
Peter Bauer; Emmanuel Moreau; Sabatino Di Michele
Surface wave multipath signals in near-field microwave imaging
Microwave imaging techniques are prone to signal corruption from unwanted multipath signals. Near-field systems are especially vulnerable because signals can scatter and reflect from structural objects within or on the boundary of the imaging zone. These ...
Paul M. Meaney; Fridon Shubitidze; Margaret W. Fanning; Maciej Kmiec; Neil R. Epstein; Keith D. Paulsen
Using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager to Monitor Surface Wetness
The frequencies flown on the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are sensitive to liquid water near the earth's surface. These frequencies are primarily atmospheric window channels, which receive the majority of their radiation from the ...
Alan Basist; Claude Williams Jr.; Thomas F. Ross; Matthew J. Menne; Norman Grody; Ralph Ferraro; Samuel Shen; Alfred T. C. Chang
Constraining Microwave Brightness Temperatures by Radar Brightband Observations
Multichannel microwave sensors make it possible to construct physically based rainfall retrieval algorithms. In these schemes, errors arising from the inaccuracy of the physical modeling of the cloud system under observation have to be accounted ...
A. Battaglia; C. Kummerow; Dong-Bin Shin; C. Williams
Estimating the Uncertainty in Passive-Microwave Rain Retrievals
Current passive-microwave rain-retrieval methods are largely based on databases built offline using cloud models. Since the vertical distribution of hydrometeors within the cloud has a large impact on upwelling brightness temperatures, a forward ...
Doroth�e Coppens; Ziad S. Haddad; Eastwood Im
A Screening Methodology for Passive Microwave Precipitation Retrieval Algorithms
The success of any passive microwave precipitation retrieval algorithm relies on the proper identification of rain areas and the elimination of surface areas that produce a signature similar to that of precipitation. A discussion on the impact of ...
Ralph R. Ferraro; Eric A. Smith; Wesley Berg; George J. Huffman
Passive Microwave Brightness Temperatures as Proxies for Hailstorms
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite has been used to infer distributions of intense thunderstorms. Besides the lightning measurements from TRMM, the radar reflectivities and passive microwave brightness temperatures have been ...
Daniel J. Cecil
Quantifying Global Uncertainties in a Simple Microwave Rainfall Algorithm
While a large number of methods exist in the literature for retrieving rainfall from passive microwave brightness temperatures, little has been written about the quantitative assessment of the expected uncertainties in these rainfall products at ...
Christian Kummerow; Wesley Berg; Jody Thomas-Stahle; Hirohiko Masunaga
Neural network microwave precipitation retrievals and modeling results
We describe a simulation methodology used to develop and validate precipitation retrieval algorithms for current and future passive microwave sounders with emphasis on the NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational ...
Leslie, R. Vincent
Xiang, Xiao-Dong (Danville, CA); Gao, Chen (Anhui, CN); Duewer, Fred (Albany, CA); Yang, Hai Tao (Albany, CA); Lu, Yalin (Chelmsford, MA)
Beam Characterizations at Femtosecond Electron Beam Facility
The SURIYA project at the Fast Neutron Research Facility (FNRF) has been established and is being commissioning to generate femtosecond (fs) electron bunches. Theses short bunches are produced by a system consisting of an S-band thermionic cathode RF-gun, an alpha magnet (a-magnet) serving as a magnetic bunch compressor, and a SLAC-type linear accelerator (linac). The characteristics of its major components and the beam characterizations as well as the preliminary experimental results will be presented and discussed in this paper.
Rimjaem, S.; Jinamoon, V.; Kangrang, M.; Kusoljariyakul, K.; Saisut, J.; Thongbai, C.; Vilaithong, T.; Rhodes, M.W.; Wichaisirimongkol, P.; /Chiang Mai U.; Wiedemann, H.; /SLAC
Fast false path identification based on functional unsensitizability using RTL information
In this paper, we propose a method for identifying false paths based on functional unsensitizability of path delay faults. By using RTL structural information, a number of gate level paths are bound into an RTL path and the bundle of them can be identified ...
Yuki Yoshikawa; Satoshi Ohtake; Tomoo Inoue; Hideo Fujiwara
The two-equal-disjoint path cover problem of Matching Composition Network
Embedding of paths have attracted much attention in the parallel processing. Many-to-many communication is one of the most central issues in various interconnection networks. A graph G is globally two-equal-disjoint path coverable if for any two distinct ... Keywords: Hamiltonian-connectivity, Interconnection networks, Matching Composition Networks, Two-equal-disjoint path cover, k disjoint path cover
Pao-Lien Lai; Hong-Chun Hsu
RPS: range-based path selection method for concurrent multipath transfer
Throughput of Concurrent Multipath Transfer varies with different path selection schemes. As the number of path increases, the path selection solution space increases exponentially while receiving buffer efficiency decreases. To solve this problem, we ... Keywords: CMT, multipath, path selection, range-based, receive buffer, transport layer
Wang Yang; Hewu Li; Fenghua Li; Qian Wu; Jianping Wu
Fuel gas production by microwave plasma in liquid
We propose to apply plasma in liquid to replace gas-phase plasma because we expect much higher reaction rates for the chemical deposition of plasma in liquid than for chemical vapor deposition. A reactor for producing microwave plasma in a liquid could produce plasma in hydrocarbon liquids and waste oils. Generated gases consist of up to 81% hydrogen by volume. We confirmed that fuel gases such as methane and ethylene can be produced by microwave plasma in liquid.
Nomura, Shinfuku; Toyota, Hiromichi; Tawara, Michinaga; Yamashita, Hiroshi; Matsumoto, Kenya [Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577 (Japan); Shikoku Industry and Technology Promotion Center, 2-5 Marunouchi, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0033 (Japan)
Effects of localized microwave exposure on the dog thyroid
The effects of localized microwave (2.45 GHz, CW) exposure of the dog thyroid gland were investigated. A dielectrically loaded waveguide applicator was designed and fabricated which efficiencly couples microwave energy to a small (2.54 cm x 5.08 cm) area of biological tissue. The function of the thyroid gland was assessed by the measurement of total plasma thyroxine (T4) using a radioimmunoassay.
Magin, R.L.
What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward |
Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward June 19, 2012 - 10:41am Addthis Dr. Peter Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy met with students at MIT during an informal roundtable to talk what's next for nuclear energy and for the nuclear power industry. | Photo courtesy of Jake Dewitt. Dr. Peter Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy met with students at MIT during an informal roundtable to talk what's next for nuclear energy and for the nuclear power industry. | Photo courtesy of Jake Dewitt. What does this project do? The Nuclear Energy University Program, has provided MIT and 78 other schools with $220 million in research grants and related support. Investing in the next generation isn't just about technology -- it's
DOE Continues Path Forward on Global Nuclear Energy Partnership |
Continues Path Forward on Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Continues Path Forward on Global Nuclear Energy Partnership DOE Continues Path Forward on Global Nuclear Energy Partnership August 3, 2006 - 8:39am Addthis Department Announces $20 Million for GNEP Siting Studies and Seeks Further Coordination with Industry WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $20 million to conduct detailed siting studies for public or commercial entities interested in hosting DOE's Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) facilities. Entities could qualify to receive up to $5 million per site. DOE also announced that it is seeking expressions of interest to obtain input from U.S. and international nuclear industry on the feasibility of accelerating development and deployment of advanced recycling technologies by proceeding with commercial scale demonstration
New Reports Chart Offshore Wind's Path Forward | Department of Energy
Reports Chart Offshore Wind's Path Forward Reports Chart Offshore Wind's Path Forward New Reports Chart Offshore Wind's Path Forward December 12, 2012 - 2:29pm Addthis Taking a look at the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead as the U.S. prepares to enter the offshore wind market. Click here to view the full infographic. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity. Taking a look at the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead as the U.S. prepares to enter the offshore wind market. Click here to view the full infographic. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity. Taking a look at the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead as the U.S. prepares to enter the offshore wind market. Click here to view the full infographic. | Infographic by Sarah Gerrity.
LANL researchers improve path to producing uranium compounds, candidates
Researchers improve path to producing uranium compounds Researchers improve path to producing uranium compounds LANL researchers improve path to producing uranium compounds, candidates for advanced nuclear fuels Enhance the ability to develop advanced nuclear fuels in a safer, simpler manner. April 7, 2011 This illustration shows the structures of UI4(1,4-dioxane)2 (left) and the UI3(1,4-dioxane)1.5 complexes. This illustration shows the structures of UI4(1,4-dioxane)2 (left) and the UI3(1,4-dioxane)1.5 complexes. Contact Kevin Roark Communicatons Office (505) 665-9202 Email LOS ALAMOS, New Mexico, April 7, 2010- Advances made by researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory could enhance the ability of scientists to develop advanced nuclear fuels in a safer, simpler manner. Uranium chemistry research relies heavily on a variety of uranium "starting
Technology Analysis - Multi-Path Transportation Futures Study
Multi-Path Transportation Futures Study: Vehicle Characterization and Scenario Analyses Multi-Path Transportation Futures Study: Vehicle Characterization and Scenario Analyses The Multi-Path Study began by defining the basic physical characteristics of future advanced midsize cars and midsize SUVs with drivetrain technologies ranging from advanced SI and CI (diesel) engine-based conventional drivetrains through hybrid drivetrains (including plug-ins), to fuel cell hybrids and plug-in hybrids, through pure-electric drivetrains. The study evaluates these vehicles fuel economy using Argonnes PSAT simulation model, estimates their costs, and does detailed analyses of their cost-effectiveness, balancing first costs against fuel savings. The study uses a version of the National Energy Modeling System (developed by the Energy Information Administration in the U.S. Department of Energy) to evaluate several scenarios assuming different vehicle costs (one set based on a literature review, one based on DOE goals) and availability of purchase subsidies.
What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward What's Next for Nuclear Energy? MIT Students Discuss Path Forward June 19, 2012 - 10:41am Addthis Dr. Peter Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy met with students at MIT during an informal roundtable to talk what's next for nuclear energy and for the nuclear power industry. | Photo courtesy of Jake Dewitt. Dr. Peter Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy met with students at MIT during an informal roundtable to talk what's next for nuclear energy and for the nuclear power industry. | Photo courtesy of Jake Dewitt. What does this project do? The Nuclear Energy University Program, has provided MIT and 78 other schools with $220 million in research grants and related support.