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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
...Transmission electron microcopy (TEM) has been used since the 1950s to obtain very high resolution images of microstructures. As TEMs were enhanced to include features such as digitally scanned point beams and energy dispersive x-ray detectors
Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes -
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Facilities > Transmission Electron Facilities > Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes FACILITIES Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes Overview Other Facilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes The research activities of the Corrosion and Mechanics of Materials Section are supported by complete metallography/sample preparation rooms equipped with several optical and electron microscopes: a Transmission Electron Microscope and two Scanning Electron Microscopes. Bookmark and Share Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Detail of JEOL 100CXII TEM Figure 1: Detail of JEOL 100CXII TEM. Click on image to view larger image.
NIST Transmission SEM
... As a result, more electrons will scatter, to provide the ... RR Keller, "Transmission EBSD in the Scanning Electron Microscope," Microscopy Today vol. ...
Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopes
ScanningTransmission Electron Microscopes Nion UltraSTEM 60-100 dedicated aberration-corrected STEM for low- to mid-voltage operation and Enfina EELS Contact: Juan-Carlos Idrobo,...
Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies on Lithium Battery ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2012 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Energy Nanomaterials. Presentation Title, Transmission Electron Microscopy�...
Electronics and hydraulics control transmission
SciTech Connect
Caterpillar engineers have combined electronics and hydraulics for improved transmission control and productivity. The control system had extensive field test experience during development. The system accumulated more than 100,000 hours on 17 vehicles, with individual vehicle times in the 2000-10,000-hour range. Job sites were chosen to test the system over a wide range of applications and locales. The EPTC components are CAT-designed and made by outside suppliers. The components must comply with CAT designs and specifications. All components are 100% functionally tested. The control box is computer-tested functionally at the supplier and at CAT before vehicle installation.
Morris, H.C.; Sorrells, G.K.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of InN Nanorods
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of InN Nanorods Z.epitaxy and studied by transmission electron microscopy,establish their quality. Transmission electron microscopy (
Liliental-Weber, Z.; Li, X.; Kryliouk, Olga; Park, H.J.; Mangum, J.; Anderson, T.
Available Technologies: Transmission Electron Microscope Phase ...
Robert Glaeser and Jian Jin have developed an apparatus that can be integrated into transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to enable high contrast imaging of weak ...
Iran Thomas Auditorium, 8600 Environmental Transmission Electron...
April 26, 2012 11:00 am Iran Thomas Auditorium, 8600 Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy for Catalysis Research: The Example of Carbon Nanotubes Eric A. Stach Center for...
TUTORIALS: Introduction to Conventional Transmission Electron ...
Jul 2, 2008 ... The link provided accesses the web site for the text, Introduction to Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy by Marc DeGraef. The site�...
Frontiers of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
... significance and versatility of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has ... applied stimulus is observed as it happens inside the microscope. ...
Transmission electron microscope CCD camera
DOE Patents (OSTI)
In order to improve the performance of a CCD camera on a high voltage electron microscope, an electron decelerator is inserted between the microscope column and the CCD. This arrangement optimizes the interaction of the electron beam with the scintillator of the CCD camera while retaining optimization of the microscope optics and of the interaction of the beam with the specimen. Changing the electron beam energy between the specimen and camera allows both to be optimized.
Downing, Kenneth H. (Lafayette, CA)
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigations of Complex...
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigations of Complex Oxides Monday, May 23, 2011 - 3:30pm SSRL Conference room 137-322 Professor Tom Vogt, NanoCenter & Department of...
Instrument Series: Microscopy Environmental Transmission Electron Microscope
Environmental Transmission Environmental Transmission Electron Microscope EMSL's environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) provides in situ capabilities that enable atomic-resolution imaging and spectroscopic studies of materials under dynamic operating conditions. In contrast to traditional operation of TEM under high vacuum, EMSL's ETEM uniquely allows imaging within high- temperature and gas environments-with a gas pressure up to 20 Torr. With a spherical aberration corrector for the objective lens, the ETEM captures atomic-level processes as they occur, enabling vital research across a range of scientific fields. Research Applications Chemical science and engineering - providing in situ observation of catalytic processes with atomic-level resolution Materials science and engineering - allowing
Ponderomotive phase plate for transmission electron microscopes
A ponderomotive phase plate system and method for controllably producing highly tunable phase contrast transfer functions in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for high resolution and biological phase contrast imaging. The system and method includes a laser source and a beam transport system to produce a focused laser crossover as a phase plate, so that a ponderomotive potential of the focused laser crossover produces a scattering-angle-dependent phase shift in the electrons of the post-sample electron beam corresponding to a desired phase contrast transfer function.
Reed, Bryan W. (Livermore, CA)
Atmospheric pressure scanning transmission electron microscopy
Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) images of gold nanoparticles (2.1 nm average diameter) at atmospheric pressure have been recorded through a 0.36 mm thick mixture of CO, O2 and He. This was accomplished using a reaction cell consisting of two electron-transparent silicon nitride membranes mounted on a specially designed specimen rod. Gas flow occurred through plastic tubing from the outside of the microscope to the specimen region and back. Gold nanoparticles of a full width half maximum diameter of 1.0 nm were visible above the background noise and the achieved resolution was 0.5 nm in accordance with calculations of the beam broadening.
De Jonge, Niels [ORNL; Veith, Gabriel M [ORNL; Bigelow, Wilbur C [ORNL
Nonlinear transmission line based electron beam driver
Gated field emission cathodes can provide short electron pulses without the requirement of laser systems or cathode heating required by photoemission or thermionic cathodes. The large electric field requirement for field emission to take place can be achieved by using a high aspect ratio cathode with a large field enhancement factor which reduces the voltage requirement for emission. In this paper, a cathode gate driver based on the output pulse train from a nonlinear transmission line is experimentally demonstrated. The application of the pulse train to a tufted carbon fiber field emission cathode generates short electron pulses. The pulses are approximately 2 ns in duration with emission currents of several mA, and the train contains up to 6 pulses at a frequency of 100 MHz. Particle-in-cell simulation is used to predict the characteristic of the current pulse train generated from a single carbon fiber field emission cathode using the same technique.
French, David M.; Hoff, Brad W.; Tang Wilkin; Heidger, Susan; Shiffler, Don [Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117 (United States); Allen-Flowers, Jordan [Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (United States)
In Situ Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron ...
Using real-time transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at atomic resolutions should shed light into some of the fundamental questions in this field.
High Contrast Hollow-Cone Dark Field Transmission Electron ...
For nanocrystalline materials, the scale of grain size necessitates the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for quantification. Given the complex�...
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Size
Using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) nanocompression testing, we ... Ab Initio DFT Modeling of the Dislocation and Its Mobility in TiN Ceramic.
... Direct detection cameras form electron images by directly detecting high energy electrons incident on an active pixel CMOS (complementary metal ...
Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Electron Microscopy ...
Abstract Scope, Atom probe tomography (APT) and analytical transmission .... of a Leaking Type 316 Socket Weld in a Boron Injection Tank Sampling Line.
Transmission Line Technology for Electron Cyclotron Heating
Technical Paper / Special Issue on Electron Cyclotron Wave Physics, Technology, and Applications - Part 2
J. L. Doane; R. A. Olstad
The TE Wave Transmission Method for Electron Cloud Measurements at Cesr-TA
CBP-836 THE TE WAVE TRANSMISSION METHOD FOR ELECTRON CLOUDobtained using the TE transmission technique described inBesides the TE transmission method in its initial
Desantis, S.
Scanning transmission electron microscopy of gate stacks with HfO2 dielectrics and TiN electrodes
Scanning transmission electron microscopy of gate stacksEELS) in scanning transmission electron microscopy were usedWe use scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)
Agustin, Melody P.; Fonseca, Leo R. C.; Hooker, Jacob C.; Stemmer, Susanne
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigations of Complex Oxides
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigations of Complex Oxides Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigations of Complex Oxides Monday, May 23, 2011 - 3:30pm SSRL Conference room 137-322 Professor Tom Vogt, NanoCenter & Department of Chemistry, University of South Carolina High-Angle-Annular-Dark-Field/Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF/STEM) is a technique uniquely suited for detailed studies of the structure and composition of complex oxides. The HAADF detector collects electrons which have interact inelastically with the potentials of the atoms in the specimen and therefore resembles the better known Z2 (Z is atomic number) Rutherford scattering. One class of important catalysts consists of bronzes based on pentagonal {Mo6O21} building units; these include Mo5O14 and Mo17O47. In the last 20 years, new materials doped with
Power electronics in electric utilities: HVDC power transmission systems
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission systems constitute an important application of power electronics technology. This paper reviews salient aspects of this growing industry. The paper summarizes the history of HVDC transmission and discusses the economic and technical reasons responsible for development of HVDC systems. The paper also describes terminal design and basic configurations of HVDC systems, as well as major equipments of HVDC transmission system. In this regard, the state-of-the-art technology in the equipments constructions are discussed. Finally, the paper reviews future developments in the HVDC transmission systems, including promising technologies, such as multiterminal configurations, Gate Turn-Off (GTO) devices, forced commutation converters, and new advances in control electronics.
Nozari, F.; Patel, H.S.
Power Electronics-Based Transmission Controllers Reference Book
EPRI is sponsoring development of a first edition of the EPRI Power Electronics-Based Transmission Controllers Reference Book. The book will provide a broad overview on power electronics-based controllers�with information on historical perspectives, basic design considerations, factory testing, site installations, commissioning, operating performance, operation and maintenance, and future trends. The document will assist users in planning, developing, installing, and utilizing this technology.
Foucault imaging by using non-dedicated transmission electron microscope
An electron optical system for observing Foucault images was constructed using a conventional transmission electron microscope without any special equipment for Lorentz microscopy. The objective lens was switched off and an electron beam was converged by a condenser optical system to the crossover on the selected area aperture plane. The selected area aperture was used as an objective aperture to select the deflected beam for Foucault mode, and the successive image-forming lenses were controlled for observation of the specimen images. The irradiation area on the specimen was controlled by selecting the appropriate diameter of the condenser aperture.
Taniguchi, Yoshifumi [Science and Medical Systems Business Group, Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8504 (Japan); Matsumoto, Hiroaki [Corporate Manufacturing Strategy Group, Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Ishikawa-cho, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-1991 (Japan); Harada, Ken [Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395 (Japan)
Transmission of electron through monolayer graphene laser barrier
The present theoretical model deals with the transmission property of the Dirac fermions in the Floquet sidebands for the laser radiated graphene nanostructure. The laser assisted structure behaves as a tunneling barrier that leads to asymmetric transmission around the normal to the interface and is capable to confine the massless Dirac particles in a monolayer graphene strip. The absence of the Klein tunneling and the presence of a large number of controlling parameters would make the time dependent vector potential barrier superior over the electrostatic and magnetic barriers towards the opto-electronic device fabrication.
Sinha, C. [Department of Theoretical Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 (India); Biswas, R. [Department of Physics, P. K. College, Contai, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721401 (India)
Pulsed Power for a Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscope
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has converted a commercial 200kV transmission electron microscope (TEM) into an ultrafast, nanoscale diagnostic tool for material science studies. The resulting Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscope (DTEM) has provided a unique tool for the study of material phase transitions, reaction front analyses, and other studies in the fields of chemistry, materials science, and biology. The TEM's thermionic electron emission source was replaced with a fast photocathode and a laser beam path was provided for ultraviolet surface illumination. The resulting photoelectron beam gives downstream images of 2 and 20 ns exposure times at 100 and 10 nm spatial resolution. A separate laser, used as a pump pulse, is used to heat, ignite, or shock samples while the photocathode electron pulses, carefully time-synchronized with the pump, function as probe in fast transient studies. The device functions in both imaging and diffraction modes. A laser upgrade is underway to make arbitrary cathode pulse trains of variable pulse width of 10-1000 ns. Along with a fast e-beam deflection scheme, a 'movie mode' capability will be added to this unique diagnostic tool. This talk will review conventional electron microscopy and its limitations, discuss the development and capabilities of DTEM, in particularly addressing the prime and pulsed power considerations in the design and fabrication of the DTEM, and conclude with the presentation of a deflector and solid-state pulser design for Movie-Mode DTEM.
dehope, w j; browning, n; campbell, g; cook, e; king, w; lagrange, t; reed, b; stuart, b; Shuttlesworth, R; Pyke, B
Precision electron flow measurements in a disk transmission line.
An analytic model for electron flow in a system driving a fixed inductive load is described and evaluated with particle in cell simulations. The simple model allows determining the impedance profile for a magnetically insulated transmission line given the minimum gap desired, and the lumped inductance inside the transition to the minimum gap. The model allows specifying the relative electron flow along the power flow direction, including cases where the fractional electron flow decreases in the power flow direction. The electrons are able to return to the cathode because they gain energy from the temporally rising magnetic field. The simulations were done with small cell size to reduce numerical heating. An experiment to compare electron flow to the simulations was done. The measured electron flow is {approx}33% of the value from the simulations. The discrepancy is assumed to be due to a reversed electric field at the cathode because of the inductive load and falling electron drift velocity in the power flow direction. The simulations constrain the cathode electric field to zero, which gives the highest possible electron flow.
Clark, Waylon T.; Pelock, Michael D.; Martin, Jeremy Paul; Jackson, Daniel Peter Jr.; Savage, Mark Edward; Stoltzfus, Brian Scott; Mendel, Clifford Will, Jr.; Pointon, Timothy David
Photocathode Optimization for a Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscope: Final Report
The Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscope (DTEM) team at Harvey Mudd College has been sponsored by LLNL to design and build a test setup for optimizing the performance of the DTEM's electron source. Unlike a traditional TEM, the DTEM achieves much faster exposure times by using photoemission from a photocathode to produce electrons for imaging. The DTEM team's work is motivated by the need to improve the coherence and current density of the electron cloud produced by the electron gun in order to increase the image resolution and contrast achievable by DTEM. The photoemission test setup is nearly complete and the team will soon complete baseline tests of electron gun performance. The photoemission laser and high voltage power supply have been repaired; the optics path for relaying the laser to the photocathode has been finalized, assembled, and aligned; the internal setup of the vacuum chamber has been finalized and mostly implemented; and system control, synchronization, and data acquisition has been implemented in LabVIEW. Immediate future work includes determining a consistent alignment procedure to place the laser waist on the photocathode, and taking baseline performance measurements of the tantalum photocathode. Future research will examine the performance of the electron gun as a function of the photoemission laser profile, the photocathode material, and the geometry and voltages of the accelerating and focusing components in the electron gun. This report presents the team's progress and outlines the work that remains.
Ellis, P; Flom, Z; Heinselman, K; Nguyen, T; Tung, S; Haskell, R; Reed, B W; LaGrange, T
Electron flow stability in magnetically insulated vacuum transmission lines.
We evaluate the stability of electron current flow in high-power magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs). A detailed model of electron flow in cross-field gaps yields a dispersion relation for electromagnetic (EM) transverse magnetic waves [R. C. Davidson et al., Phys. Fluids 27, 2332 (1984)] which is solved numerically to obtain growth rates for unstable modes in various sheath profiles. These results are compared with two-dimensional (2D) EM particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of electron flow in high-power MITLs. We find that the macroscopic properties (charge and current densities and self-fields) of the equilibrium profiles observed in the simulations are well represented by the laminar-flow model of Davidson et al. Idealized simulations of sheared flow in electron sheaths yield growth rates for both long (diocotron) and short (magnetron) wavelength instabilities that are in good agreement with the dispersion analysis. We conclude that electron sheaths that evolve self-consistently from space-charged-limited emission of electrons from the cathode in well-resolved 2D EM PIC simulations form stable profiles.
Genoni, Thomas C. (Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, NM); Stygar, William A.; Welch, Dale Robert (Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, NM); Clark, R. E. (Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, NM); Rose, David V. (Voss Scientific, LLC, Albuquerque, NM)
A versatile three-contact electrical biasing transmission electron microscope specimen holder for electron holography and electron tomography of working devices
A versatile three-contact electrical biasing transmission electron microscope specimen holder to characterize nanoscale materials and devices under operating conditions in the transmission electron microscope in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) at a spatial resolution that can approach the nanometer scale
Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.
Transmission electron microscope sample holder with optical features
A sample holder for holding a sample to be observed for research purposes, particularly in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), generally includes an external alignment part for directing a light beam in a predetermined beam direction, a sample holder body in optical communication with the external alignment part and a sample support member disposed at a distal end of the sample holder body opposite the external alignment part for holding a sample to be analyzed. The sample holder body defines an internal conduit for the light beam and the sample support member includes a light beam positioner for directing the light beam between the sample holder body and the sample held by the sample support member.
Milas, Mirko (Port Jefferson, NY); Zhu, Yimei (Stony Brook, NY); Rameau, Jonathan David (Coram, NY)
Scanning transmission electron microscopy strain measurement from millisecond frames of a direct electron charge coupled device
A high-speed direct electron detection system is introduced to the field of transmission electron microscopy and applied to strain measurements in semiconductor nanostructures. In particular, a focused electron probe with a diameter of 0.5 nm was scanned over a fourfold quantum layer stack with alternating compressive and tensile strain and diffracted discs have been recorded on a scintillator-free direct electron detector with a frame time of 1 ms. We show that the applied algorithms can accurately detect Bragg beam positions despite a significant point spread each 300 kV electron causes during detection on the scintillator-free camera. For millisecond exposures, we find that strain can be measured with a precision of 1.3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -3}, enabling, e.g., strain mapping in a 100 Multiplication-Sign 100 nm{sup 2} region with 0.5 nm resolution in 40 s.
Mueller, Knut; Rosenauer, Andreas [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Universitaet Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen (Germany); Ryll, Henning; Ordavo, Ivan; Ihle, Sebastian; Soltau, Heike [PNSensor GmbH, Roemerstrasse 28, 80803 Muenchen (Germany); Strueder, Lothar [Max-Planck-Institut Halbleiterlabor, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Muenchen (Germany); Volz, Kerstin [Materials Science Center and Faculty of Physics, Philipps Universitaet Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg (Germany); Zweck, Josef [Institut fuer Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universitaet Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
Transmission electron microscopy analysis of corroded metal waste forms.
This report documents the results of analyses with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (ED) of samples of metallic waste form (MWF) materials that had been subjected to various corrosion tests. The objective of the TEM analyses was to characterize the composition and microstructure of surface alteration products which, when combined with other test results, can be used to determine the matrix corrosion mechanism. The examination of test samples generated over several years has resulted in refinements to the TEM sample preparation methods developed to preserve the orientation of surface alteration layers and the underlying base metal. The preservation of microstructural spatial relationships provides valuable insight for determining the matrix corrosion mechanism and for developing models to calculate radionuclide release in repository performance models. The TEM results presented in this report show that oxide layers are formed over the exposed steel and intermetallic phases of the MWF during corrosion in aqueous solutions and humid air at elevated temperatures. An amorphous non-stoichiometric ZrO{sub 2} layer forms at the exposed surfaces of the intermetallic phases, and several nonstoichiometric Fe-O layers form over the steel phases in the MWF. These oxide layers adhere strongly to the underlying metal, and may be overlain by one or more crystalline Fe-O phases that probably precipitated from solution. The layer compositions are consistent with a corrosion mechanism of oxidative dissolution of the steel and intermetallic phases. The layers formed on the steel and intermetallic phases form a continuous layer over the exposed waste form, although vertical splits in the layer and corrosion in pits and crevices were seen in some samples. Additional tests and analyses are needed to verify that these layers passivate the underlying metals and if passivation can break down as the MWF corrodes. The importance of localized corrosion should also be determined.
Dietz, N. L.
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study was conducted to characterize the helium bubble distributions in tritium-charged-and-aged 304L and 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn stainless steel fusion welds containing approximately 150 appm helium-3. TEM foils were prepared from C-shaped fracture toughness test specimens containing {delta} ferrite levels ranging from 4 to 33 volume percent. The weld microstructures in the low ferrite welds consisted mostly of austenite and discontinuous, skeletal {delta} ferrite. In welds with higher levels of {delta} ferrite, the ferrite was more continuous and, in some areas of the 33 volume percent sample, was the matrix/majority phase. The helium bubble microstructures observed were similar in all samples. Bubbles were found in the austenite but not in the {delta} ferrite. In the austenite, bubbles had nucleated homogeneously in the grain interiors and heterogeneously on dislocations. Bubbles were not found on any austenite/austenite grain boundaries or at the austenite/{delta} ferrite interphase interfaces. Bubbles were not observed in the {delta} ferrite because of the combined effects of the low solubility and rapid diffusion of tritium through the {delta} ferrite which limited the amount of helium present to form visible bubbles.
Tosten, M; Michael Morgan, M
Soliton propagation, reflection, and transmission in an inhomogeneous plasma with trapped electrons
Transmission and reflection of solitons from a semitransparent grid in an inhomogeneous plasma in the presence of trapped electrons is studied analytically. Conditions are obtained for the obliqueness of the propagation and the drift velocity of ions for the soliton transmission and reflection. Also, a transmission-reflection conservation law is derived. The contribution of trapped electrons to the solitons' propagation and their reflection and transmission is examined through energy, amplitude, and width of the solitons, in addition to the effect of temperature and drift of the ions.
Aziz, Farah; Malik, Hitendra K.; Stroth, Ulrich [Institut fuer Plasmaforschung, Universitaet Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Nanomaterials
With the recent development of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization techniques, the real time study of property-structure correlations in nanomaterials becomes possible. This dissertation reports the direct observations of deformation behavior of Al2O3-ZrO2-MgAl2O4 (AZM) bulk ceramic nanocomposites, strengthening mechanism of twins in YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thin film, work hardening event in nanocrystalline nickel and deformation of 2wt% Al doped ZnO (AZO) thin film with nanorod structures using the in situ TEM nanoindentation tool. The combined in situ movies with quantitative loading-unloading curves reveal the deformation mechanism of the above nanomaterial systems. At room temperature, in situ dynamic deformation studies show that the AZM nanocomposites undergo the deformation mainly through the grain-boundary sliding and rotation of small grains, i.e., ZrO2 grains, and some of the large grains, i.e., MgAl2O4 grains. We observed both plastic and elastic deformations in different sample regions in these multi-phase ceramic nanocomposites at room temperature. Both ex situ (conventional) and in situ nanoindentation were conducted to reveal the deformation of YBCO films from the directions perpendicular and parallel to the twin interfaces. Hardness measured perpendicular to twin interfaces is ~50% and 40% higher than that measured parallel to twin interfaces, by ex situ and in situ, respectively. By using an in situ nanoindentation tool inside TEM, dynamic work hardening event in nanocrystalline nickel was directly observed. During stain hardening stage, abundant Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) locks formed both within nanograins and against twin boundaries. Two major mechanisms were identified during interactions between L-C locks and twin boundaries. Quantitative nanoindentation experiments recorded during in situ experiments show an increase of yield strength from 1.64 to 2.29 GPa during multiple loading-unloading cycles. In situ TEM nanoindentation has been conducted to explore the size dependent deformation behavior of two different types (type I: ~ 0.51 of width/length ratio and type II: ~ 088 ratio) of AZO nanorods. During the indentation on type I nanord structure, annihilation of defects has been observed which is caused by limitation of the defect activities by relatively small size of the width. On the other hand, type II nanorod shows dislocation activities which enhanced the grain rotation under the external force applied on more isotropic direction through type II nanorod.
Lee, Joon Hwan 1977-
Analyzing r'/r. - CECM
Analyzing r'/r. [Annotate] � [Shownotes]. There is still the question of the amplitude of . With the values of a, b, c and d from equation (11) inserted into equation (7)�...
CFN | Hitachi HD2700C Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
compositional and electronic information. Here is an example of EELS-2D mapping on Li-battery electrode materials as how Li and Fe elements distributed at nanometer scale. SEM...
EPRI Power Electronics-Based Transmission Controllers Reference Book ("The Gold Book")
EPRI is sponsoring development of a first edition of the EPRI Power Electronics-Based Transmission Controllers Reference Book. This report is the most recent draft of a chapter for the "Gold Book," an authoritative guide for utilities and others who install and maintain power electronics equipment to increase power transfer capability.
Transmission of Megawatt Relativistic Electron Beams Through Millimeter Apertures
High power, relativistic electron beams from energy recovery linacs have great potential to realize new experimental paradigms for pioneering innovation in fundamental and applied research. A major design consideration for this new generation of experimental capabilities is the understanding of the halo associated with these bright, intense beams. In this Letter, we report on measurements performed using the 100 MeV, 430 kWatt CW electron beam from the energy recovery linac at the Jefferson Laboratory's Free Electron Laser facility as it traversed a set of small apertures in a 127 mm long aluminum block. Thermal measurements of the block together with neutron measurements near the beam-target interaction point yielded a consistent understanding of the beam losses. These were determined to be 3 ppm through a 2 mm diameter aperture and were maintained during a 7 hour continuous run.
R. Alarcon; S. Balascuta; S. V. Benson; W. Bertozzi; J. R. Boyce; R. Cowan; D. Douglas; P. Evtushenko; P. Fisher; E. Ihloff; N. Kalantarians; A. Kelleher; R. Legg; R. G. Milner; G. R. Neil; L. Ou; B. Schmookler; C. Tennant; C. Tschalaer; G. P. Williams; S. Zhang
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Transmission Transmission ,... ,...vc- "' ""'\ S I r;. Dr. Jerry Pell, CCM Principal NEP A Document Manager Permitting, Siting, and Analysis (OE-20) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability U.S. Department of Energy 1 000 Independence A venue SW Washington, D.C. 20585-0001 Subject: Champlain Hudson Power Express Project Submittal of Amendment Application Dear Dr. Pell: February 28, 2012 On January 25, 2010, Transmission Developers, Inc. ("TDI") submitted on behalf of Champlain Hudson Power Express, Inc. ("CHPEI") an application to the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") for a Presidential Permit ("Application) in connection with the Champlain Hudson Power Express project ("Project"). The Application proposed to connect clean sources
The observations of the Kepler Space Telescope revealed that fundamental-mode RR Lyrae stars may show various radial overtones. The presence of multiple radial modes may allow us to conduct nonlinear asteroseismology: comparison of mode amplitudes and frequency shifts between observations and models. Here we report the detection of three radial modes in the star RR Lyr, the eponym of the class, using the Kepler short cadence data: besides the fundamental mode, both the first and the ninth overtones can be derived from the data set. RR Lyrae shows period doubling, but switches occasionally to a state where a pattern of six pulsation cycles repeats instead of two. We found hydrodynamic models that show the same three modes and the period-six state, allowing for comparison with the observations.
Molnar, L.; Kollath, Z.; Szabo, R. [Konkoly Observatory, MTA CSFK, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklos ut 15-17 (Hungary); Bryson, S.; Mullally, F.; Thompson, S. E. [NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffet Field, CA 94035 (United States); Kolenberg, K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138 (United States)
Field Guide: Transmission Line Aerial Marking and Lighting (Optimized for Electronic Viewing)
Various types of aerial marking and lighting are applied to transmission structures and wires as a safety enhancement to improve the visibility of structures and lines. This EPRI report, one in a series of practical guides designed as reference aids for utility personnel working in the field, is devoted to the subject of transmission line aerial marking and lighting, with an emphasis on inspection.This field guide has been optimized for viewing on electronic devices. For a standard PDF ...
Unfolding linac photon spectra and incident electron energies from experimental transmission data, with direct independent validation
Purpose: In a recent computational study, an improved physics-based approach was proposed for unfolding linac photon spectra and incident electron energies from transmission data. In this approach, energy differentiation is improved by simultaneously using transmission data for multiple attenuators and detectors, and the unfolding robustness is improved by using a four-parameter functional form to describe the photon spectrum. The purpose of the current study is to validate this approach experimentally, and to demonstrate its application on a typical clinical linac. Methods: The validation makes use of the recent transmission measurements performed on the Vickers research linac of National Research Council Canada. For this linac, the photon spectra were previously measured using a NaI detector, and the incident electron parameters are independently known. The transmission data are for eight beams in the range 10-30 MV using thick Be, Al and Pb bremsstrahlung targets. To demonstrate the approach on a typical clinical linac, new measurements are performed on an Elekta Precise linac for 6, 10 and 25 MV beams. The different experimental setups are modeled using EGSnrc, with the newly added photonuclear attenuation included. Results: For the validation on the research linac, the 95% confidence bounds of the unfolded spectra fall within the noise of the NaI data. The unfolded spectra agree with the EGSnrc spectra (calculated using independently known electron parameters) with RMS energy fluence deviations of 4.5%. The accuracy of unfolding the incident electron energy is shown to be {approx}3%. A transmission cutoff of only 10% is suitable for accurate unfolding, provided that the other components of the proposed approach are implemented. For the demonstration on a clinical linac, the unfolded incident electron energies and their 68% confidence bounds for the 6, 10 and 25 MV beams are 6.1 {+-} 0.1, 9.3 {+-} 0.1, and 19.3 {+-} 0.2 MeV, respectively. The unfolded spectra for the clinical linac agree with the EGSnrc spectra (calculated using the unfolded electron energies) with RMS energy fluence deviations of 3.7%. The corresponding measured and EGSnrc-calculated transmission data agree within 1.5%, where the typical transmission measurement uncertainty on the clinical linac is 0.4% (not including the uncertainties on the incident electron parameters). Conclusions: The approach proposed in an earlier study for unfolding photon spectra and incident electron energies from transmission data is accurate and practical for clinical use.
Ali, E. S. M.; McEwen, M. R.; Rogers, D. W. O. [Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics, Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 (Canada); Ionizing Radiation Standards, Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, M-35 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R5 (Canada); Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics, Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 (Canada)
Visualizing Macromolecular Complexes with In Situ Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
A central focus of biological research is understanding the structure/function relationship of macromolecular protein complexes. Yet conventional transmission electron microscopy techniques are limited to static observations. Here we present the first direct images of purified macromolecular protein complexes using in situ liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy. Our results establish the capability of this technique for visualizing the interface between biology and nanotechnology with high fidelity while also probing the interactions of biomolecules within solution. This method represents an important advancement towards allowing future high-resolution observations of biological processes and conformational dynamics in real-time.
Evans, James E.; Jungjohann, K. L.; Wong, Peony C. K.; Chiu, Po-Lin; Dutrow, Gavin H.; Arslan, Ilke; Browning, Nigel D.
EPRI is sponsoring development of a first edition of the EPRI Power Electronics-Based Transmission Controllers Reference Book. The reference book will provide a broad overview on power electronics-based controllers0150with information on historical perspectives, basic design considerations, factory testing, site installations, commissioning, operating performance, operation and maintenance, and future trends. The book will assist users in planning, developing, installing, and utilizing this technology.
Method and apparatus for a high-resolution three dimensional confocal scanning transmission electron microscope
A confocal scanning transmission electron microscope which includes an electron illumination device providing an incident electron beam propagating in a direction defining a propagation axis, and a precision specimen scanning stage positioned along the propagation axis and movable in at least one direction transverse to the propagation axis. The precision specimen scanning stage is configured for positioning a specimen relative to the incident electron beam. A projector lens receives a transmitted electron beam transmitted through at least part of the specimen and focuses this transmitted beam onto an image plane, where the transmitted beam results from the specimen being illuminated by the incident electron beam. A detection system is placed approximately in the image plane.
de Jonge, Niels (Oak Ridge, TN)
Numerical study of electron-leakage power loss in a tri-plate transmission line
Numerical simulations have been conducted using NRL's DIODE2D computer code to model the steady-state behavior of electron flow in a radial diode and in its adjacent tri-plate transmission line (TTL). Particular attention was paid to the magnitude of the electron current flowing from the cathode to the anode surface in the TTL. A quantitative value for this effective power loss is given. The electron current is restricted mainly to the transition region in the TTL into which there is seepage of the B/sub z/ that is imposed in the diode gap. This finding highlights the importance of that region to diode designers.
Barker, R.J.; Goldstein, S.A.
Nanoscale Energy-Filtered Scanning Confocal Electron Microscopy Using a Double-Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscope
We demonstrate that a transmission electron microscope fitted with two spherical-aberration correctors can be operated as an energy-filtered scanning confocal electron microscope. A method for establishing this mode is described and initial results showing 3D chemical mapping with nanoscale sensitivity to height and thickness changes in a carbon film are presented. Importantly, uncorrected chromatic aberration does not limit the depth resolution of this technique and moreover performs an energy-filtering role, which is explained in terms of a combined depth and energy-loss response function.
Wang Peng; Behan, Gavin; Kirkland, Angus I.; Nellist, Peter D. [Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH (United Kingdom); Takeguchi, Masaki; Hashimoto, Ayako; Mitsuishi, Kazutaka [National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, 305-0003 (Japan); Shimojo, Masayuki [Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya 369-0293 (Japan)
In situ transmission electron microscopy observation of silver oxidation in ionized/atomic gas.
The interaction between silver and ionized and atomic gas was observed directly by in situ transmission electron microscopy with an environmental cell for the first time. The electron beam provides dual functions as the source of both gas ionization and imaging. The concentration of ionized gas was tuned via adjusting the current density of the electron beam. Oxidation of the silver is observed in situ, indicating the presence of ionized and/or atomic oxygen. The evolution of microstructure and phase constituents was characterized. Then the oxidation rate was measured, and the relationships among grain size, mass transport rate, and electron flux were characterized. The role of the electron beam is discussed, and the results are rationalized with respect to ex situ results from the literature.
Sun, L.; Noh, K. W.; Wen, J-G.; Dillon, S. J. (Materials Science Division); (Massachusetts Inst. Tech.); (Univ. Illinois - Urbana)
Field Guide: Inspection of Transmission Line Grounding Systems (Optimized for Electronic Viewing)
This EPRI report, one in a series of practical guides designed as reference aids for utility personnel working in the field, visually catalogs the various condition issues that commonly affect transmission line grounding systems. It presents photographs and short written descriptions of the conditions and lists associated causes, failure modes, and impacts. This field guide has been optimized for viewing on electronic devices. For a standard PDF or copy of this product printed on high-quality paper ...
CoRR - Computing Research Repository
Research Repository (CoRR): new, recent, abs, find By Category: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Computation and Language (cs.CL) Computational Complexity (cs.CC)...
Hot electron transmission in metals using epitaxial NiSi{sub 2}/n-Si(111) interfaces
We have investigated hot electron transmission across epitaxial metal-disilicide/n-Si(111) interfaces using ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM). Different crystal orientations of epitaxial NiSi{sub 2} were grown on a Si(111) substrate using molecular beam epitaxy. The presence of different interfaces of NiSi{sub 2} on Si(111) were confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Electrical transport measurements reveal a clear rectifying Schottky interface with a barrier height of 0.69 eV. However, using BEEM, three different regions with different transmissions and Schottky barrier heights of 0.65 eV, 0.78 eV, and 0.71 eV are found. The addition of a thin Ni film on the NiSi{sub 2} layer strongly reduces the transmission in all the three regions and interestingly, almost equalizes the transmission across them.
Parui, S.; Wit, B.; Wees, B. J. van; Banerjee, T. [Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen (Netherlands); Bignardi, L.; Rudolf, P. [Surfaces and Thin Films, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen (Netherlands); Kooi, B. [Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen (Netherlands)
Atomic-Scale Imaging and Spectroscopy for In Situ Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Observation of growth, synthesis, dynamics and electrochemical reactions in the liquid state is an important yet largely unstudied aspect of nanotechnology. The only techniques that can potentially provide the insights necessary to advance our understanding of these mechanisms is simultaneous atomic-scale imaging and quantitative chemical analysis (through spectroscopy) under environmental conditions in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). In this study we describe the experimental and technical conditions necessary to obtain electron energy loss (EEL) spectra from a nanoparticle in colloidal suspension using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with the environmental liquid stage. At a fluid path length below 400 nm, atomic resolution images can be obtained and simultaneous compositional analysis can be achieved. We show that EEL spectroscopy can be used to quantify the total fluid path length around the nanoparticle, and demonstrate characteristic core-loss signals from the suspended nanoparticles can be resolved and analyzed to provide information on the local interfacial chemistry with the surrounding environment. The combined approach using aberration corrected STEM and EEL spectra with the in situ fluid stage demonstrates a plenary platform for detailed investigations of solution based catalysis and biological research.
Jungjohann, K. L.; Evans, James E.; Aguiar, Jeff; Arslan, Ilke; Browning, Nigel D.
Robust atomic resolution imaging of light elements using scanning transmission electron microscopy
We show that an annular detector placed within the bright field cone in scanning transmission electron microscopy allows direct imaging of light elements in crystals. In contrast to common high angle annular dark field imaging, both light and heavy atom columns are visible simultaneously. In contrast to common bright field imaging, the images are directly and robustly interpretable over a large range of thicknesses. We demonstrate this through systematic simulations and present a simple physical model to obtain some insight into the scattering dynamics.
Findlay, S. D. [Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Shibata, N. [Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Sawada, H.; Okunishi, E.; Kondo, Y. [JEOL Ltd., Tokyo 196-8558 (Japan); Yamamoto, T. [Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya 456-8587 (Japan); Ikuhara, Y. [Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya 456-8587 (Japan); WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan)
Studying The Kinetics Of Crystalline Silicon Nanoparticle Lithiation With In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Silicon is an attractive high-capacity anode material for Li-ion batteries, but a comprehensive understanding of the massive ~300% volume change and fracture during lithiation/delithiation is necessary to reliably employ Si anodes. Here, in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the lithiation of crystalline Si nanoparticles reveals that the reaction slows down as it progresses into the particle interior. Analysis suggests that this behavior is due to the influence of mechanical stress at the reaction front on the driving force for the reaction. These experiments give insight into the factors controlling the kinetics of this unique reaction.
Mcdowell, Matthew T.; Ryu, Ill; Lee, Seokwoo; Wang, Chong M.; Nix, William D.; Cui, Yi
Atomic Imaging Using Secondary Electrons in a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope: Experimental Observations and Possible Mechanisms
We report detailed investigation of high-resolution imaging using secondaryelectrons (SE) with a sub-nanometer probe in an aberration-corrected transmissionelectron microscope, Hitachi HD2700C. This instrument also allows us to acquire the corresponding annular dark-field (ADF) images both simultaneously and separately. We demonstrate that atomic SE imaging is achievable for a wide range of elements, from uranium to carbon. Using the ADF images as a reference, we studied the SE image intensity and contrast as functions of applied bias, atomic number, crystal tilt, and thickness to shed light on the origin of the unexpected ultrahigh resolution in SE imaging. We have also demonstrated that the SE signal is sensitive to the terminating species at a crystal surface. Apossiblemechanism for atomic-scale SE imaging is proposed. The ability to image both the surface and bulk of a sample at atomic-scale is unprecedented, and can have important applications in the field of electron microscopy and materials characterization.
Su, D.; Inada, H.; Egerton, R.F.; Konno, M.; Wua, L.; Ciston, J.; Wall, J.; Zhu, Y.
Transmission electron microscopy characterization of electrically stressed AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor devices
A set of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor devices has been investigated using step-stress testing, and representative samples of undegraded, source-side-degraded, and drain-side-degraded devices were examined using electron microscopy and microanalysis. An unstressed reference sample was also examined. All tested devices and their corresponding transmission electron microscopy samples originated from the same wafer and thus received nominally identical processing. Step-stressing was performed on each device and the corresponding current voltage characteristics were generated. Degradation in electrical performance, specifically greatly increased gate leakage current, was shown to be correlated with the presence of crystal defects near the gate edges. However, the drain-side-degraded device showed a surface pit on the source side, and another region of the same device showed no evidence of damage. Moreover, significant metal diffusion into the barrier layer from the gate contacts was also observed, as well as thin amorphous oxide layers below the gate metal contacts, even in the unstressed sample. Overall, these observations emphasize that gate-edge defects provide only a partial explanation for device failure.
Johnson, Michael [Arizona State University; Cullen, David A [ORNL; Liu, Lu [University of Florida; Kang, Tsung Sheng [University of Florida, Gainesville; Ren, F. [University of Florida; Chang, C. Y. [University of Florida; Pearton, S. J. [University of Florida; Jang, Soohwan [University of Florida, Gainesville; Johnson, Wayne J. [Kopin Corporation, Taunton, MA; Smith, David J [Arizona State University
New Initiatives on RR Lyrae Chemical Compositions
The serendipitous discovery by Preston and colleagues of the neutron-capture-enhanced RR Lyrae variable star TY Gru (a.k.a. CS 22881-071 in the "HK" survey of very metal-poor halo stars) has resulted in a growing set of initiatives on the chemical compositions of RR Lyrae stars and their application to broader topics in Galactic halo structure. Here we summarize the main aspects of our work on TY Gru, including a new discussion of our search for possible orbital motion of this star around a putative unseen companion. Then we describe a few of the results of a newly-completed intensive spectroscopic investigation of 10 additional field RR Lyr stars. We finish by outlining current projects that seek to contrast the atmospheres and chemical compositions of RRc stars with those of the RRab stars, and that employ a much larger RRab sample in a chemo-dynamical study of Galactic halo RR Lyr.
Sneden, Christopher; Preston, George W
Docket No. RR09-3-000 � Petition of the North American Electric
(NERC) submitted a filing that proposed modifications to the Bylaws of ReliabilityFirst Corporation (ReliabilityFirst). 2. NERC states that the Bylaws � amendments consist of two substantive amendments and a number of typographical or clerical corrections and revisions. The two substantive amendments are: (1) changes relating to independent directors in ��7.4(a),7.4(d), 7.4(g), 7.5, 7.7(b), 7.9 and 7.13; and (2) changes relating to electronic transmission in ��5.8, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10.2, 6.10.4, 7.7(a) and 7.11. NERC explains that changes relating to independent directors are intended to allow flexibility so that ReliabilityFirst may appoint an independent director to handle the increasing workload related to hearings, thus increasing the size of the ReliabilityFirst Board of Directors to fifteen members. NERC states that ReliabilityFirst�s proposed changes regarding electronic transmission will clarify that the use of electronic transmission, e.g. facsimile and email, is a valid method providing for actions via written correspondence. In addition, NERC proposes the removal of language concerning financial obligations upon withdrawal of Membership, as those obligations are no longer associated with Membership. 20090522-3038 FERC PDF (Unofficial) 05/22/2009 Docket No. RR09-3-000 2 3. Notice of this filing was issued on March 24, 2009, with comments, protests or motions to intervene due on or before April 14, 2009. 4. Notices of intervention and unopposed timely filed motions to intervene are granted pursuant to the operation of Rule 214 of the Commission�s Rules of Practice and Procedure (18 C.F.R. � 385.214). No protests or adverse comments were filed. 5. NERC�s uncontested filing is approved pursuant to the relevant authority delegated to the Director, Office of Electric Reliability, under 18 C.F.R. �
Rebecca J. Michael
Measured Radiation and Background Levels During Transmission of Megawatt Electron Beams Through Millimeter Apertures
We report measurements of photon and neutron radiation levels observed while transmitting a 0.43 MW electron beam through millimeter-sized apertures and during beam-off, but accelerating gradient RF-on, operation. These measurements were conducted at the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) facility of the Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab) using a 100 MeV electron beam from an energy-recovery linear accelerator. The beam was directed successively through 6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm diameter apertures of length 127 mm in aluminum at a maximum current of 4.3 mA (430 kW beam power). This study was conducted to characterize radiation levels for experiments that need to operate in this environment, such as the proposed DarkLight Experiment. We find that sustained transmission of a 430 kW continuous-wave (CW) beam through a 2 mm aperture is feasible with manageable beam-related backgrounds. We also find that during beam-off, RF-on operation, multipactoring inside the niobium cavities of the accelerator cryomodules is the primary source of ambient radiation when the machine is tuned for 130 MeV operation.
Alarcon, Ricardo [Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ (United States); Balascuta, S. [Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ (United States); Benson, Stephen V. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Bertozzi, William [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Boyce, James R. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Cowan, Ray [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Douglas, David R. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Evtushenko, Pavel [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Fisher, P. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Ihloff, Ernest E. [Hampton University, Hampton, VA (United States); Kalantarians, Narbe [Hampton University, Hampton, VA (United States); Kelleher, Aidan Michael [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Krossler, W. J. [William and Mary College, Williamsburg, VA (United States); Legg, Robert A. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Long, Elena [University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States); Milner, Richard [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Neil, George R. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Ou, Longwu [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Schmookler, Barack Abraham [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Tennant, Christopher D. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Tschalar, C. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States); Williams, Gwyn P. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Zhang, Shukui [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States)
Solving the Accelerator-Condenser Coupling Problem in a Nanosecond Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscope
We describe a modification to a transmission electron microscope (TEM) that allows it to briefly (using a pulsed-laser-driven photocathode) operate at currents in excess of 10 mA while keeping the effects of condenser lens aberrations to a minimum. This modification allows real-space imaging of material microstructure with a resolution of order 10 nm over regions several {micro}m across with an exposure time of 15 ns. This is more than 6 orders of magnitude faster than typical video-rate TEM imaging. The key is the addition of a weak magnetic lens to couple the large-diameter high-current beam exiting the accelerator into the acceptance aperture of a conventional TEM condenser lens system. We show that the performance of the system is essentially consistent with models derived from ray tracing and finite element simulations. The instrument can also be operated as a conventional TEM by using the electron gun in a thermionic mode. The modification enables very high electron current densities in {micro}m-sized areas and could also be used in a non-pulsed system for high-throughput imaging and analytical TEM.
Reed, B W; LaGrange, T; Shuttlesworth, R M; Gibson, D J; Campbell, G H; Browning, N D
Electronically controllable transmission line design for traveling wave array antenna feed network
In this thesis, an electronically controllable transmission line (ECTL) is presented. By modulating the conductivity of a doped Si modulator in the ECTL, the wave propagation constant in the ECTL is controlled. Measured results show a phase change in the ECTL at a single frequency when non-zero bias voltage is applied. This ECTL is implemented in order to feed a traveling wave array antenna, which is composed of 8 aperture-coupled microstrip antenna elements. It is demonstrated that phase change in an ECTL feed line has applications as a traveling wave array antenna with beam steering. S-parameter measurements are presented which demonstrate phase change in an ECTL and main beam steering of an 8-element traveling wave array antenna. The design procedure for an aperture-coupled microstrip antenna with a specific input impedance at the resonant frequency and a matching circuit design for a traveling wave array antenna are discussed in detail.
Shin, Chang-Seok
Sub-0.1 nm-resolution quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy without adjustable parameters
Atomic-resolution imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) constitutes a powerful tool for nanostructure characterization. Here, we demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) STEM images using an approach that does not rely on adjustable parameters. We measure independently the instrumental parameters that affect sub-0.1 nm-resolution ADF images, quantify their individual and collective contributions to the image intensity, and show that knowledge of these parameters enables a quantitative interpretation of the absolute intensity and contrast across all accessible spatial frequencies. The analysis also provides a method for the in-situ measurement of the STEM's effective source distribution.
Dwyer, C. [Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); ARC Centre of Excellence for Design in Light Metals, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Maunders, C. [Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Zheng, C. L. [Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Weyland, M.; Etheridge, J. [Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Tiemeijer, P. C. [FEI Electron Optics, P.O. Box 80066, 5600 KA Eindhoven (Netherlands)
Characterization of polysilicon films by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy: A comparative study
Samples of chemically-vapor-deposited micrometer and sub-micrometer-thick films of polysilicon were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cross-section and by Raman spectroscopy with illumination at their surface. TEM and Raman spectroscopy both find varying amounts of polycrystalline and amorphous silicon in the wafers. Raman spectra obtained using blue, green and red excitation wavelengths to vary the Raman sampling depth are compared with TEM cross-sections of these films. Films showing crystalline columnar structures in their TEM micrographs have Raman spectra with a band near 497 cm{sup {minus}1} in addition to the dominant polycrystalline silicon band (521 cm{sup {minus}1}). The TEM micrographs of these films have numerous faulted regions and fringes indicative of nanometer-scale silicon structures, which are believed to correspond to the 497cm{sup {minus}1} Raman band.
Tallant, D.R.; Headley, T.J.; Medernach, J.W. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Geyling, F. [SEMATECH, Austin, TX (United States)
The Engineering Analysis in Support of the ITER Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive Transmission Lines
Technical Paper / Sixteenth Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16)
D. M. S. Ronden; M. A. Henderson; B. Becket; T. Bigelow; J. Caughman; C. Darbos; F. Gandini; C. Nazare; D. Rasmussen; V. Udintsev
High resolution transmission electron microscopy of melamine-formaldehyde aerogels and silica aerogels
The goal of the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was to image the structure of two tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and two melamine-formaldehyde (MF) aerogels at the single polymer chain level{sup 1,2}. With this level of structural resolution we hoped to interrelate each aerogel's structure with its physical properties and its method of synthesis. Conventional single-step base catalysed TMOS aerogels show strings of spheroidal particles linked together with minimal necking. The spheroidal particles range from 86--132 {Angstrom} and average 113{plus minus}10 {Angstrom} in diameter{sup 2}. In contrast the TMOS aerogels reported on here were made by a two step method. After extended silica chains are grown in solution under acidic conditions with a substoichiometric amount of water, the reaction is stopped and the methanol hydrolysed from TMOS is removed. Then base catalysis and additional water are added to cause gel formation is a nonalcoholic solvent. The MF aerogels were prepared for HRTEM by fracturing them on a stereo microscope stage with razor knife so that fractured pieces with smooth flat surfaces could be selected for platinum-carbon replication. The two silica (TMOS) aerogels were both transparent and difficult to see. These aerogels were fractured on a stereo microscope stage with tweezers. 6 refs., 4 figs.
Ruben, G.C. (Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences)
Real-time studies of battery electrochemical reactions inside a transmission electron microscope.
We report the development of new experimental capabilities and ab initio modeling for real-time studies of Li-ion battery electrochemical reactions. We developed three capabilities for in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies: a capability that uses a nanomanipulator inside the TEM to assemble electrochemical cells with ionic liquid or solid state electrolytes, a capability that uses on-chip assembly of battery components on to TEM-compatible multi-electrode arrays, and a capability that uses a TEM-compatible sealed electrochemical cell that we developed for performing in-situ TEM using volatile battery electrolytes. These capabilities were used to understand lithiation mechanisms in nanoscale battery materials, including SnO{sub 2}, Si, Ge, Al, ZnO, and MnO{sub 2}. The modeling approaches used ab initio molecular dynamics to understand early stages of ethylene carbonate reduction on lithiated-graphite and lithium surfaces and constrained density functional theory to understand ethylene carbonate reduction on passivated electrode surfaces.
Leung, Kevin; Hudak, Nicholas S.; Liu, Yang; Liu, Xiaohua H.; Fan, Hongyou; Subramanian, Arunkumar; Shaw, Michael J.; Sullivan, John Patrick; Huang, Jian Yu
In situ transmission electron microscopy study of electric-field-induced microcracking in single crystal Pb,,Mg13Nb23...O3 PbTiO3
In situ transmission electron microscopy study of electric-field-induced microcracking in single March 2000; accepted for publication 2 May 2000 In this letter, we report in situ transmission electron microscopy TEM study of effect of a cyclic electric field on microcracking in a single crystal piezoelectric
Chen, Haydn H.
A New RR Lyrae Metallicity Calibration
We have begun developing a new metallicity calibration for RR Lyrae stars that includes high-temperature phase regions. Our calibration is an updated and expanded version of the Delta-S, equivalent width method, but which is applicable for most phases of the pulsation, and for the hotter, shorter-period RRc stars. This calibration will be constructed from spectral observations of well studied, bright RR Lyrae stars with metallicities from published high-resolution studies, within the range $-2.5 < [Fe/H] < -0.3$. Phase information for our calibration stars were taken from the AAVSO website, and the MacAdam Student Observatory at the University of Kentucky. Low-resolution spectroscopy $(R \\sim 1000)$ was obtained using the McDonald Observatory, 2.1 meter telescope. Here we present our preliminary data, and find the phase region where the calibration will break down.
Spalding, E; De Lee, N
Ion and electron beam nanofabrication of the which-way double-slit experiment in a transmission electron microscope
We have realized a which-way experiment closely resembling the original Feynman's proposal exploiting focused ion beam milling to prepare two nanoslits and electron beam induced deposition to grow, selectively over one of them, electron transparent layers of low atomic number amorphous material to realize a which-way detector for high energy electrons. By carrying out the experiment in an electron microscope equipped with an energy filter, we show that the inelastic scattering of electron transmitted through amorphous layers of different thicknesses provides the control of the dissipative interaction process responsible for the localization phenomena which cancels out the interference effects.
Frabboni, Stefano [Department of Physics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and CNR-Institute of Nanoscience-S3, via G. Campi 213/a, 41100 Modena (Italy); Gazzadi, Gian Carlo [CNR-Institute of Nanoscience-S3, via G. Campi 213/a, 41100 Modena (Italy); Pozzi, Giulio [Department of Physics, University of Bologna, viale B. Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna (Italy)
Studying Fischer-Tropsch catalysts using transmission electron microscopy and model systems of nanoparticles on planar supports.
Nanoparticle model systems on planar supports form a versatile platform for studying morphological and compositional changes of catalysts due to exposure to realistic reaction conditions. We review examples from our work on iron and cobalt catalysts, which can undergo significant rearrangement in the reactive environment of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The use of specially designed, silicon based supports with thin film SiO{sub 2} enables the application of transmission electron microscopy, which has furnished important insight into e.g. the mechanisms of catalyst regeneration.
Thune, P. C.; Weststrate, C. J.; Moodley, P.; Saib, A. M.; van de Loosdrecht, J.; Miller, J. T.; Niemantsverdriet, J. W. (Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division); (Eindhoven Univ. of Technology); (Sasol Technology)
Multiperiodic RR Lyrae Stars in Omega Centauri
We have conducted a systematic search for multiperiodic pulsations in the RR Lyrae-type stars of the galactic globular cluster Omega Cen. Secondary periodicities close to the primary pulsation frequency have been detected in 17 out of 70 studied fundamental mode (RRab) pulsators and in 35 out of 81 overtone (RRc) pulsators. Because of the observed period ratios, these newly detected periodicities must correspond to nonradial modes. Their beating with the primary radial pulsation leads to a slow amplitude and phase modulation, commonly referred to as the Blazhko effect. The incidence rate of Blazhko modulation in Omega Cen RRab stars (24 +/- 5%) is similar to that observed in the Galactic Bulge. In the case of Omega Cen RRc stars, the incidence rate of Blazhko effect is exceptionally high (38 +/- 5%), more than 3 times higher than in any other studied population. In addition to Blazhko variables, we have also identified two RR Lyr variables exhibiting first overtone/second overtone double-mode pulsations, and a triple-mode High Amplitude Delta Scuti variable.
P. Moskalik; A. Olech
In-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Studies of Interfaces in Li-ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities
The critical challenge facing the lithium ion battery development is the basic understanding of the structural evolution during the cyclic operation of the battery and the consequence of the structural evolution on the properties of the battery. Although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy have been evolved to a stage such that it can be routinely used to probe into both the structural and chemical composition of the materials with a spatial resolution of a single atomic column, a direct in-situ TEM observation of structural evolution of the materials in lithium ion battery during the dynamic operation of the battery has never been reported. This is related to three factors: high vacuum operation of a TEM; electron transparency requirement of the region to be observed, and the difficulties dealing with the liquid electrolyte of lithium ion battery. In this paper, we report the results of exploring the in-situ TEM techniques for observation of the interface in lithium ion battery during the operation of the battery. A miniature battery was fabricated using a nanowire and an ionic liquid electrolyte. The structure and chemical composition of the interface across the anode and the electrolyte was studied using TEM imaging, electron diffraction, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. In addition, we also explored the possibilities of carrying out in-situ TEM studies of lithium ion batteries with a solid state electrolyte.
Wang, Chong M.; Xu, Wu; Liu, Jun; Choi, Daiwon; Arey, Bruce W.; Saraf, Laxmikant V.; Zhang, Jiguang; Yang, Zhenguo; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai; Baer, Donald R.; Salmon, Norman
Aberration Corrected Analytical Electron Microscope
... resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), where ... the beam electrons as they ... filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM ...
Dynamic Processes in Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science: Opportunities for UltraFast Transmission Electron Microscopy - Workshop Summary Report
This report summarizes a 2011 workshop that addressed the potential role of rapid, time-resolved electron microscopy measurements in accelerating the solution of important scientific and technical problems. A series of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and National Academy of Science workshops have highlighted the critical role advanced research tools play in addressing scientific challenges relevant to biology, sustainable energy, and technologies that will fuel economic development without degrading our environment. Among the specific capability needs for advancing science and technology are tools that extract more detailed information in realistic environments (in situ or operando) at extreme conditions (pressure and temperature) and as a function of time (dynamic and time-dependent). One of the DOE workshops, Future Science Needs and Opportunities for Electron Scattering: Next Generation Instrumentation and Beyond, specifically addressed the importance of electron-based characterization methods for a wide range of energy-relevant Grand Scientific Challenges. Boosted by the electron optical advancement in the last decade, a diversity of in situ capabilities already is available in many laboratories. The obvious remaining major capability gap in electron microscopy is in the ability to make these direct in situ observations over a broad spectrum of fast (�s) to ultrafast (picosecond [ps] and faster) temporal regimes. In an effort to address current capability gaps, EMSL, the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, organized an Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Workshop, held June 14-15, 2011, with the primary goal to identify the scientific needs that could be met by creating a facility capable of a strongly improved time resolution with integrated in situ capabilities. The workshop brought together more than 40 leading scientists involved in applying and/or advancing electron microscopy to address important scientific problems of relevance to DOE�s research mission. This workshop built on previous workshops and included three breakout sessions identifying scientific challenges in biology, biogeochemistry, catalysis, and materials science frontier areas of fundamental science that underpin energy and environmental science that would significantly benefit from ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM). In addition, the current status of time-resolved electron microscopy was examined, and the technologies that will enable future advances in spatio-temporal resolution were identified in a fourth breakout session.
Kabius, Bernd C.; Browning, Nigel D.; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai; Diehl, Barbara L.; Stach, Eric A.
Aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy studies of epitaxial Fe/MgO/(001)Ge heterostructures
Aberration correction in the scanning transmission electron microscope combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy allows simultaneous mapping of the structure, the chemistry and even the electronic properties of materials in one single experiment with spatial resolutions of the order of one Angstrom. Here the authors will apply these techniques to the characterization of epitaxial Fe/MgO/(001)Ge and interfaces with possible applications for tunneling junctions, and the authors will show that epitaxial MgO films can be grown on a (001)Ge substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and how it is possible to map the chemistry of interfaces with atomic resolution. Epitaxial growth of insulator oxides on semiconductors constitutes a key issue within the field of electronics, and a considerably large effort has been devoted to harness the growth of high-k oxides on Si. Ge, due to its high electronic and hole mobility, is a very interesting alternative as a potential substrate for future high performance complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. However, a major issue is to avoid the high resistivity at the source and drain contacts ensuing from the pinning of the Fermi level at the valence-band maximum. It has been suggested that this problem could be fixed by depositing a thin insulating tunneling barrier between the Ge substrate and the metal contacts. In this case, single crystal epitaxy would represent an additional benefit, since it would lead to a reduction of interfacial defects and improved performance of the tunneling barrier. MgO has been suggested to fulfill such requisites. Furthermore, MgO has been demonstrated to be a good substrate for epitaxial growth of transition metals thin films, such as Fe and Co, thus avoiding the potential problem of chemical reactivity with Ge. In such a scenario, epitaxial deposition of high quality MgO films on Ge substrates is highly desirable. But in addition, successful epitaxial growth of MgO on a semiconductor would also constitute a plus for applications in spintronics, since the injection of a spin polarized current from a ferromagnetic electrode to a non-magnetic semiconductor requires the presence of a potential barrier. MgO represents a convenient choice because the symmetry filtering properties at the interface with transition metals would allow an efficient spin filtering effect. For this approach to succeed, a suitable semiconducting substrate where MgO can be grown epitaxially must be found. And again, while GaAs and Si have been investigated for such role, Ge has not received much attention so far. In this study the authors report on the atomic resolution characterization of high quality interfaces in Fe/MgO/(001)Ge heterostructures. The study of the defects, the inhomogeneities and the interface structure of such junctions is a must to pave the way toward future applications. For this aim, the combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a most useful tool, since it allows these features to be probed with atomic resolution. Spherical aberration correction in the STEM allows for increased contrast, allowing even single atoms to be detected both in imaging and spectroscopy.
Gazquez Alabart, Jaume [ORNL; Varela del Arco, Maria [ORNL; Petti, D. [Politecnico di Milano; Cantoni, M. [Politecnico di Milano; Rinaldi, C. [Politecnico di Milano; Brivio, S. [Politecnico di Milano; Bertacco, R. [Politecnico di Milano
Thermodynamic Prediction of Compositional Phases Confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy on Tantalum-Based Alloy Weldments
Tantalum alloys have been used by the U.S. Department of Energy as structural alloys for radioisotope based thermal to electrical power systems since the 1960s. Tantalum alloys are attractive for high temperature structural applications due to their high melting point, excellent formability, good thermal conductivity, good ductility (even at low temperatures), corrosion resistance, and weldability. Tantalum alloys have demonstrated sufficient high-temperature toughness to survive prolonged exposure to the radioisotope power-system working environment. Typically, the fabrication of power systems requires the welding of various components including the structural members made of tantalum alloys. Issues such as thermodynamics, lattice structure, weld pool dynamics, material purity and contamination, and welding atmosphere purity all potentially confound the understanding of the differences between the weldment properties of the different tantalum-based alloys. The objective of this paper is to outline the thermodynamically favorable material phases in tantalum alloys, with and without small amounts of hafnium, during and following solidification, based on the results derived from the FactSage(c) Integrated Thermodynamic Databank. In addition, Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) data will show for the first time, the changes occurring in the HfC before and after welding, and the data will elucidate the role HfC plays in pinning grain boundaries.
Moddeman, William E.; Birkbeck, Janine C. [BWXT Pantex, Amarillo, Texas 79120-0020 (United States); Barklay, Chadwick D.; Kramer, Daniel P. [University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton OH 45469-0102 (United States); Miller, Roger G.; Allard, Lawrence F. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6064 (United States)
Atomic-resolution study of polarity reversal in GaSb grown on Si by scanning transmission electron microscopy
The atomic-resolved reversal of the polarity across an antiphase boundary (APB) was observed in GaSb films grown on Si by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The investigation of the interface structure at the origin of the APB reveals that coalescence of two domains with Ga-prelayer and Sb-prelayer causes the sublattice reversal. The local strain and lattice rotation distributions of the APB, attributed to the discordant bonding length at the APB with the surrounding GaSb lattice, were further studied using the geometric phase analysis technique. The crystallographic characteristics of the APBs and their interaction with other planar defects were observed with HAADF-STEM. The quantitative agreement between experimental and simulated images confirms the observed polarities in the acquired HAADF-STEM data. The self-annihilation mechanism of the APBs is addressed based on the rotation induced by anti-site bonds and APBs' faceting.
Hosseini Vajargah, S.; Woo, S. Y.; Botton, G. A. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7 (Canada); Brockhouse Institute for Material Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1 (Canada); Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1 (Canada); Ghanad-Tavakoli, S. [Centre for Emerging Device Technologies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7 (Canada); Kleiman, R. N.; Preston, J. S. [Brockhouse Institute for Material Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1 (Canada); Centre for Emerging Device Technologies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7 (Canada); Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7 (Canada)
Substructure revealed by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82
We present an analysis of the substructure revealed by 407 RR Lyraes in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82. Period estimates are determined to high accuracy using a string-length method. A subset of 178 RR Lyraes with spectrally derived metallicities are employed to derive metallicity-period-amplitude relations, which are then used to find metallicities and distances for the entire sample. The RR Lyraes lie between 5 and 115 kpc from the Galactic center. They are divided into subsets of 316 RRab types and 91 RRc types based on their period, colour and metallicity. The density distribution is not smooth, but dominated by clumps and substructure. Samples of 55 and 237 RR Lyraes associated with the Sagittarius Stream and the Hercules-Aquila Cloud respectively are identified. Hence, ~ 70 % of the RR Lyraes in Stripe 82 belong to known substructure. There is a sharp break in the density distribution at Galactocentric radii of 40 kpc, reflecting the fact that the dominant substructure in Stripe 82 - the Herc...
Watkins, L L; Belokurov, V; Smith, M C; Hewett, P C; Bramich, D M; Gilmore, G F; Irwin, M J; Vidrih, S; Wyrzykowski, L; Zucker, D
The Exact Superconformal R-symmetry Minimizes $?_{RR}$
We present a new, general constraint which, in principle, determines the superconformal $U(1)_R$ symmetry of 4d $\\N =1$ SCFTs, and also 3d $\\N =2$ SCFTs. Among all possibilities, the superconformal $U(1)_R$ is that which minimizes the coefficient, $\\tau_{RR}$, of its two-point function. Equivalently, the superconformal $U(1)_R$ is the unique one with vanishing two-point function with every non-R flavor symmetry. For 4d $\\N =1$ SCFTs, $\\tau_{RR}$ minimization gives an alternative to a-maximization. $\\tau_{RR}$ minimization also applies in 3d, where no condition for determining the superconformal $U(1)_R$ had been previously known. Unfortunately, this constraint seems impractical to implement for interacting field theories. But it can be readily implemented in the AdS geometry for SCFTs with AdS duals.
Edwin Barnes; Elie Gorbatov; Ken Intriligator; Matt Sudano; Jason Wright
Approximating RR Lyrae light curves using cubic polynomials
In this paper, we use cubic polynomials to approximate RR Lyrae light curves and apply the method to HST data of RR Lyraes in the halo of M31. We compare our method to the standard method of Fourier decomposition and find that the method of cubic polynomials eliminates virtually all ringing effects and does so with significantly fewer parameters than the Fourier technique. Further, for RRc stars the parameters in the fit are all physical. Our study also reveals a number of additional periodicites in this data not found previously: we find 23 RRc stars, 29 RRab stars and 3 multiperiodic stars.
Reyner, Steven; Ngeow, C; Morgan, C
Probing the electrostatic potential of charged dislocations in n-GaN and n-ZnO epilayers by transmission electron holography
Epitaxial layers frequently contain a high density of threading dislocations, which may exceed values of 10{sup 9} cm{sup -2} for ZnO and GaN. To study the electrical activity of single dislocations off-axis electron holography in a transmission electron microscope was applied. The electrostatic potential in the vicinity of charged dislocations was determined from the reconstructed phase of the electron wave, which also provides access to the charge density at the dislocation. On the basis of the electrostatic potential for a screened line charge given by Read [Philos. Mag. 45, 775 (1954)] a refined model is proposed in which a charge density with a finite spatial distribution at the dislocation core is assumed. Comparing the measured and theoretically expected potential, charge densities between 5x10{sup 19} cm{sup -3} and 5x10{sup 20} cm{sup -3} in cylinders with radii up to 5 nm around the dislocation lines were found. An important aspect of our work is the analysis of dislocations in cross-section transmission electron microscopy samples where the dislocation lines are oriented perpendicular to the electron beam. The advantages and drawbacks of the cross-section geometry are discussed. Electrostatic potentials due to piezoelectric charges in the dislocation strain field are considered and found to be insignificant with respect to dislocation charges.
Mueller, E.; Gerthsen, D.; Brueckner, P.; Scholz, F.; Gruber, Th.; Waag, A. [Laboratorium fuer Elektronenmikroskopie, Universitaet Karlsruhe (Thailand) 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany); Abteilung Optoelektronik, Universitaet Ulm, D-89069 Ulm (Germany); Abteilung Halbleiterphysik, Universitaet Ulm, D-89069 Ulm (Germany); Institut fuer Halbleitertechnik, Universitaet Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig (Germany)
Transmission Line Protection Support Tools: Fault Location Algorithms and the Potential of Using Intelligent Electronic Device Data for Protection Applications
Overhead transmission lines experience short-circuit faults due to lightning, stormy weather conditions, animal or tree contact, and insulation failure in power system equipment. To ensure continuity of electric service, utilities try to quickly determine the location of the fault, perform maintenance or repair, and return the line to service. Due to advances in modern technology, locating faults in a networked transmission system is now possible with substantial accuracy. Voltage and current ...
A NEW CEMP-s RR LYRAE STAR
We show that SDSS J170733.93+585059.7 (hereafter SDSS J1707+58), previously identified by Aoki and collaborators as a carbon-enhanced metal-poor star (with s-process-element enhancements, CEMP-s), on the assumption that it is a main-sequence turnoff star, is the RR Lyrae star VIII-14 identified by the Lick Astrograph Survey. Revised abundances for SDSS J1707+58 are [Fe/H] = -2.92, [C/Fe] = +2.79, and [Ba/Fe] = +2.83. It is thus one of the most metal-poor RR Lyrae stars known, and has more extreme [C/Fe] and [Ba/Fe] than the only other RR Lyrae star known to have a CEMP-s spectrum (TY Gru). Both stars are Oosterhoff II stars with prograde kinematics, in contrast to stars with [C/Fe] < + 0.7, such as KP Cyg and UY CrB, which are disk stars. Twelve other RR Lyrae stars with [C/Fe] {>=}+0.7 are presented as CEMP candidates for further study.
Kinman, T. D.; Beers, Timothy C. [National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719 (United States); Aoki, Wako [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan); Brown, Warren R. [Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)
Transmission INTRODUCTION
Transmission INTRODUCTION An electrical power system requires constant, second by second, balancing to maintain control over the transmission system can result in failure of the entire electrical system of supply, demand, and transmission capability. Transmission system operators are primarily responsible
New Double-Mode and Other RR Lyrae Stars from WASP Data
42 RRab, 46 RRc and 7 previously unidentified double-mode RR Lyrae stars were found in the publicly available data of the WASP archive. The Galactic double-mode RR Lyrae stars appear to show a bimodal period distribution.
Wils, Patrick
Measurement and theory of turbulence in RR Lyrae
CORAVEL observations of time-dependent turbulence in RR Lyrae are presented. Variation in the width of the mean velocity correlation function implies turbulent velocities that peak at 10 to 15 km/sec for a brief interval of phase near minimum radius. Comparison with a nonlinear pulsation model shows that these amplitudes of the turbulent velocity are expected near the hydrogen ionization zone, again only near minimum radius.
Benz, W.; Stellingwerf, R.F.
High resolution low dose transmission electron microscopy real-time imaging and manipulation of nano-scale objects in the electron beam
The present invention includes a method, apparatus and system for nanofabrication in which one or more target molecules are identified for manipulation with an electron beam and the one or more target molecules are manipulated with the electron beam to produce new useful materials.
Brown, Jr., R. Malcolm (Austin, TX); Barnes, Zack (Austin, TX); Sawatari, Chie (Shizuoka, JP); Kondo, Tetsuo (Kukuoka, JP)
Power Electronics for Distributed Energy Systems and Transmission and Distribution Applications: Assessing the Technical Needs for Utility Applications
Power electronics can provide utilities the ability to more effectively deliver power to their customers while providing increased reliability to the bulk power system. In general, power electronics is the process of using semiconductor switching devices to control and convert electrical power flow from one form to another to meet a specific need. These conversion techniques have revolutionized modern life by streamlining manufacturing processes, increasing product efficiencies, and increasing the quality of life by enhancing many modern conveniences such as computers, and they can help to improve the delivery of reliable power from utilities. This report summarizes the technical challenges associated with utilizing power electronics devices across the entire spectrum from applications to manufacturing and materials development, and it provides recommendations for research and development (R&D) needs for power electronics systems in which the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) could make a substantial impact toward improving the reliability of the bulk power system.
Tolbert, L.M.
The Design and Performance of Waveguide Transmission Line Components for Plasma Electron Cyclotron Heating (ECH) Systems (A22776)
Proc. Of The 17th IEEE/NPSS Symp. On Fusion Engineering, San Diego, California (Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers, Inc., Piscataway, New Jersey) To Be Published.17th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering San Diego California, US, 1997932759827
O'Neill, R.C.
Scanning Confocal Electron Microscope (SCEM)
Transmission/Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. The SCEM enables imaging of sub-surface structures of thick, optically opaque materials, ...
Nanosecond in situ transmission electron microscope studies of the reversible Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} crystalline <==> amorphous phase transformation
Chalcogenide-based phase-change materials have wide use in optical recording media and are growing in importance for use in non-volatile electronic memory. For both applications, rapid switching between the amorphous and crystalline phases is necessary, and understanding the changes during rapidly driven phase transitions is of scientific and technological significance. Laser-induced crystallization and amorphization occur rapidly and changes in atomic structure, microstructure, and temperature are difficult to observe experimentally and determine computationally. We have used nanosecond-scale time-resolved diffraction with intense electron pulses to study Ge{sub 2}Sb{sub 2}Te{sub 5} during laser crystallization. Using a unique and unconventional specimen geometry, cycling between the amorphous and crystalline phases was achieved, enabling in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) study of both microstructural and crystallographic changes caused by repeated switching. Finite element analysis was used to simulate interactions of the laser with the nano-structured specimens and to model the rapidly changing specimen temperature. Such time-resolved experimental methods combined with simulation of experimentally inaccessible physical characteristics will be fundamental to advancing the understanding of rapidly driven phase transformations.
Santala, M. K.; Reed, B. W.; LaGrange, T.; Campbell, G. H.; Browning, N. D. [Condensed Matter and Materials Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551 (United States); Topuria, T. [IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120 (United States); Raoux, S. [IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598 (United States); Meister, S. [Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124 (United States); Cui, Y. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States)
Advantages of Integrating Precession Scanning Transmission ...
Presentation Title, Advantages of Integrating Precession Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Characterization of Metallic Materials. Author(s)�...
A Physically-Intuitive Method for Calculation of the Local Lattice Constant from a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Image by Fourier Analysis
We have developed a physically-intuitive method to calculate the local lattice constant as a function of position in a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image by performing a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform. We apply a Gaussian filter with appropriate spatial full-width-half-max (FWHM) bandwidth to the image centered at the desired location to calculate the local lattice constant (as opposed to the average lattice constant). Fourier analysis of the filtered image yields the vertical and horizontal lattice constants at this location. The process is repeated by stepping the Gaussian filter across the image to produce a set of local lattice constants in the vertical and horizontal direction as a function of position in the image. The method has been implemented in a freely available tool on nanoHUB.
Teherani, James T
Defect microstructural evolution in ion irradiated metallic nanofoils: Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation versus cluster dynamics modeling and in situ transmission electron microscopy experiments
Understanding materials degradation under intense irradiation is important for the development of next generation nuclear power plants. Here we demonstrate that defect microstructural evolution in molybdenum nanofoils in situ irradiated and observed on a transmission electron microscope can be reproduced with high fidelity using an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) simulation technique. Main characteristics of defect evolution predicted by OKMC, namely, defect density and size distribution as functions of foil thickness, ion fluence and flux, are in excellent agreement with those obtained from the in situ experiments and from previous continuum-based cluster dynamics modeling. The combination of advanced in situ experiments and high performance computer simulation/modeling is a unique tool to validate physical assumptions/mechanisms regarding materials response to irradiation, and to achieve the predictive power for materials stability and safety in nuclear facilities.
Xu Donghua; Wirth, Brian D. [Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 (United States); Li Meimei [Division of Nuclear Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Kirk, Marquis A. [Division of Materials Science, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)
Transmission Electron Microscope Study on Electrodeposited Gd2O3 and Gd2Zr2O7 Buffer Layers forYBa2Cu307-..delta.. Superconductors
We have investigated the microstructures of electrodeposited Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} (GO) and Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (GZO) buffer layers for YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (YBCO) superconductors with conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A high density of nanoscale voids was present in the GZO buffer layers. No voids were observed in GO buffer layers grown on GZO. YBCO superconductor grown on the GO/GZO buffer layer structure produced a critical current density (J{sub c}) of 3.3 x 10{sup 6} A/cm{sup 2} at 77 K in zero field.
Zhao, W.; Norman, A.; Phok, S.; Bhattacharya, R.
Nonlinear RR Lyrae models with new Livermore opacities
A.N. Cox recently showed that a 20% opacity decrease in the 20,000--30,000 K region as indicated by the new Livermore OPAL opacities reconciles the discrepancy between pulsation and evolution masses of double-mode RR Lyrae variables. Nonlinear hydrodynamic calculations were performed for RR Lyrae models of mass 0l75 M{circle_dot}, 51 L{circle_dot}, and Z=0.0001 including this opacity decrease. The Stellingwerf periodic relaxation method was used to converge the models to a limit cycle, and the Floquet matrix eigenvalues calculated to search for a tendency of the fundamental mode to grow from the full-amplitude overtone solution, and the overtone mode to grow from the full-amplitude fundamental solution, thereby predicting double-mode behavior. Models of T{sup eff} < 7000 K with the opacity decrease have positive fundamental-mode growth rates in the overtone solution, in contrast to earlier results by Hodson and Cox, and models with T{sub eff} < 7000 have positive 1st overtone growth rates in the fundamental-mode behavior was not found.
Guzik, J.A.; Cox, A.N.
A.N. Cox recently showed that a 20% opacity decrease in the 20,000--30,000 K region as indicated by the new Livermore OPAL opacities reconciles the discrepancy between pulsation and evolution masses of double-mode RR Lyrae variables. Nonlinear hydrodynamic calculations were performed for RR Lyrae models of mass 0l75 M{circle dot}, 51 L{circle dot}, and Z=0.0001 including this opacity decrease. The Stellingwerf periodic relaxation method was used to converge the models to a limit cycle, and the Floquet matrix eigenvalues calculated to search for a tendency of the fundamental mode to grow from the full-amplitude overtone solution, and the overtone mode to grow from the full-amplitude fundamental solution, thereby predicting double-mode behavior. Models of T{sup eff} < 7000 K with the opacity decrease have positive fundamental-mode growth rates in the overtone solution, in contrast to earlier results by Hodson and Cox, and models with T{sub eff} < 7000 have positive 1st overtone growth rates in the fundamental-mode behavior was not found.
Electroluminescence and Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Reverse-Biased AlGaN/GaN Devices
Reverse-bias stress testing has been applied to a large set of more than 50 AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors, which were fabricated using the same process but with different values of the AlN mole fraction and the AlGaN barrier-layer thickness, as well as different substrates (SiC and sapphire). Two sets of devices having different defect types and densities, related to the different growth conditions and the choice of nucleation layer, were also compared. When subjected to gate drain (or gate-to-drain and source short-circuited) reverse-bias testing, all devices presented the same time-dependent failure mode, consisting of a significant increase in the gate leakage current. This failure mechanism occurred abruptly during step-stress experiments when a certain negative gate voltage, or critical voltage, was exceeded or, during constant voltage tests, at a certain time, defined as time to breakdown. Electroluminescence (EL) microscopy was systematically used to identify localized damaged areas that induced an increase of gate reverse current. This current increase was correlated with the increase of EL intensity, and significant EL emission during tests occurred only when the critical voltage was exceeded. Focused-ion-beam milling produced cross-sectional samples suitable for electron microscopy observation at the sites of failure points previously identified by EL microscopy. In highdefectivity devices, V-defects were identified that were associated with initially high gate leakage current and corresponding to EL spots already present in untreated devices. Conversely, identification of defects induced by reverse-bias testing proved to be extremely difficult, and only nanometer-size cracks or defect chains, extending vertically from the gate edges through the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction, were found. No signs of metal/semiconductor interdiffusion or extended defective areas were visible.
Cullen, David A [ORNL; Smith, David J [Arizona State University; Passaseo, Adriana [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Tasco, Vittorianna [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Stocco, Antonio [Universita di Padova; Meneghini, Matteo [Universita di Padova; Meneghesso, Gaudenzio [Universita di Padova; Zanoni, Enrico [Universita di Padova
Convection in pulsating stars. II. RR Lyrae convection and stability
Convective model envelopes of two RR Lyrae stars are constructed, one centrally located in the instability strip, and one just beyond the red edge of the stip. Steady state solutions and small amplitude oscillations are studied using a nonlinear pulsation code. We find that convection has only a small effect on the stability of the hotter model, primarily due to turbulent pressure work (net driving) in the hydrogen ionization zone. The cooler model, however, shows strong reduction in both hydrogen and helium ionization driving, which quenches the pulsation. This effect is not directly attributable to convective PdV work, but probably reflects changes in structure and phase relations in the envelope due to convection.
Stellingwerf, R.F.
Thermal analysis of the FSP-1RR irradiation test
The thermal analysis of four unirradiated fuel pins to be tested in the FSP-1RR fuels irradiation experiment was completed. This test is a follow-on experiment in the series of fuel pin irradiation tests conducted by the SP-100 Program in the Fast Flux Test Facility. One of the pins contains several meltwire temperature monitors within the fuel and the Li annulus. A post-irradiation examination will verify the accuracy of the pre-irradiation thermal analysis. The purpose of the pre-irradiation analysis was to determine the appropriate insulating gap gas compositions required to provide the design goal cladding operating temperatures and to ensure that the meltwire temperature ranges in the temperature monitored pin bracket peak irradiation temperatures. This paper discusses the methodology and summarizes the results of the analysis.
Webb, R.H.; Lyon, W.F. III
Physical parameters of three field RR Lyrae stars
Str\\"omgren $uvby-\\beta$ photometry of the stars classified as RR Lyrae stars RU Piscium, SS Piscium and TU Ursae Majoris has been used to estimate their iron abundance, temperature, gravity and absolute magnitude. The stability of the pulsating period is discussed. The nature of SS Psc as a RRc or a HADS is addressed. The reddening of each star is estimated from the Str\\"omgren colour indices and reddening sky maps. The results of three approaches to the determination of [Fe/H], $T_{\\rm eff}$ and $\\log(g)$ are discussed: Fourier light curve decomposition, the Preston $\\Delta S$ index and the theoretical grids on the $(b-y)_o - c_1{_o}$ plane.
Ferro, A Arellano; Jaimes, R Figuera
Chemical Abundances of RR Lyrae Type C Star AS162158
We report the first extensive model atmosphere and detailed chemical abundance study of eight RR Lyrae variable stars of c subclass throughout their pulsation cycles. Atmospheric parameters effective temperature, surface gravity, microturbulent velocity, and metallicity have been derived. Spectra for this abundace analysis have been obtained with the echelle spectrograph of 100-inch du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. We have found metallicities and element abundance ratios to be constant within observational uncertainties at all phases of all stars. Moreover, the $\\alpha$-element and Fe-group abundance ratios with respect to iron are consistent with other horizontal-branch members (RRab, blue and red non-variables). The [Fe/H] values of these eight RRc stars have been used to anchor the metallicity scale of a much larger sample of RRc stars obtained with low S/N "snapshot" spectra.
Govea, Jose; Preston, George W; Sneden, Christopher
SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration
Transmission Grid Integration to Transmission Grid Integration to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Systems Integration Research, Development, & Demonstration Distribution Grid Integration Transmission Grid Integration Solar Resource Assessment Technology Validation Power Electronics & Balance of System Hardware Technologies Competitive Awards
Metallicity Analysis of MACHO Galactic Bulge RR0 Lyrae stars from their Lightcurves
We present metallicities of 2690 RR0 Lyrae stars observed toward the MACHO Survey fields in the Galactic Bulge. These [Fe/H] values are based upon an empirically calibrated relationship that uses the Fourier coefficients of the light curve and are accurate to ~0.2 dex. The majority of the RR0 Lyrae stars in our sample are located in the Galactic Bulge, but 255 RR0 stars are associated with Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. We find that the RR0 Lyrae stars that belong to the Galactic Bulge have average metallicities [Fe/H] = -1.25, with a broad metallicity range from [Fe/H] = -2.26 to -0.15. The RR0 stars from Sagittarius dwarf galaxy have lower average metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.55 \\pm 0.02, with an intrinsic dispersion of 0.25 dex, similar to that in the bulge. A correlation between metallicity and galactocentric distance is found, in a sense that for the metal-poor RR0 Lyrae stars ([Fe/H] -1.2 dex), this trend is reversed. Using mean magnitudes of MACHO RR Lyrae stars, we searched for the evidence of the Galactic bar, and found marginal evidence of a bar. The absence of a strong bar indicates that the RR Lyrae in the bulge represent a different population than the majority of the bulge stars, which are metal rich and are part of a bar.
Andrea Kunder; Brian Chaboyer
A Catalogue of RR Lyrae Stars from the Northern Sky Variability Survey
A search for RR Lyrae stars has been conducted in the publicly available data of the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS). Candidates have been selected by the statistical properties of their variation; the standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis with appropriate limits determined from a sample 314 known RRab and RRc stars listed in the GCVS. From the period analysis and light curve shape of over 3000 candidates 785 RR Lyrae have been identified of which 188 are previously unknown. The light curves were examined for the Blazhko effect and several new stars showing this were found. Six double-mode RR Lyrae stars were also found of which two are new discoveries. Some previously known variables have been reclassified as RR Lyrae stars and similarly some RR Lyrae stars have been found to be other types of variable, or not variable at all.
Patrick Wils; Christopher Lloyd; Klaus Bernhard
The Development of HVDC Transmission System
The ever increasing process of high-voltage high-power fully controlled semiconductor technology has promoted the flexible ac transmission systems ahead significantly. Developments advance both the HVDC power transmission and the flexible ac transmission ... Keywords: converters station, HVDC transmission systems, power electronics
Yang Zhou; Dao Zhuojiang; Yu Fenwang
Transmission Planning
Planning Transmission Planning We accept requests from electric utilities, firm-power customers, private power developers, and independent power generators to interconnect...
Definition: Open Access Transmission Tariff | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
navigation, search Dictionary.png Open Access Transmission Tariff Electronic transmission tariff accepted by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission requiring the...
Electron-Backscattered Diffraction and Transmission Electron ...
Ones in which the kink boundaries � responsible for the MO � alternated in angle , or sign, forming a herring-bone like structure, and others in which they were all�...
How to Submit Forms: Exclusionary List: For the PC Electronic Data
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
For the PC Electronic Data For the PC Electronic Data - DATE OF THIS REPORT: 1 3 Reseller/Retailer 2 4 Retailer 1 3 Sold or leased to another firm. See PART 3 of the instructions. 2 4 Permanently ceased operation. See PART 3 of the instructions. https://signon.eia.doe.gov/upload/noticeoog.jsp Reporting Option (PEDRO) software, call (202) 586- 9659. Mailing Address: City: firstname.lastname@example.com Email: Electronic Transmission: Physical Address: Fax No.: (e.g., Street Address, Bldg, Floor, Suite) (e.g., PO Box, RR) Original Mo Day Call: Year Questions? Type of Report (Check One ): Number of States for which you are reporting: Year Company Name: http://www.eia.gov/survey/form/eia_782a/list782a.pdf Instructions: http://www.eia.gov/survey/form/eia_782a/instructions.pdf FORM EIA-782A REFINERS'/GAS PLANT OPERATORS' MONTHLY PETROLEUM PRODUCT SALES REPORT
Open source model for generating RR intervals in atrial fibrillation and beyond
Abstract Background Realistic modeling of cardiac inter-beat (RR) intervals is highly desirable for basic research in cardiac electrophysiology, clinical management of heart diseases, and developing signal processing tools ...
Lian, Jie
Physical parameters of the Small Magellanic Cloud RR Lyrae stars and the distance scale
We present a careful and detailed light curve analysis of RR Lyrae stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) discovered by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) project. Out of 536 single mode RR Lyrae stars selected from the database, we have investigated the physical properties of 335 `normal looking' RRab stars and 17 RRc stars that have good quality photometric light curves. We have also been able to estimate the distance modulus of the cloud which is in good agreement with those determined from other independent methods. The Fourier decomposition method has been used to study the basic properties of these variables. Accurate Fourier decomposition parameters of 536 RR Lyrae stars in the OGLE-II database are computed. Empirical relations between the Fourier parameters and some physical parameters of these variables have been used to estimate the physical parameters for the stars from the Fourier analysis. Further, the Fourier decomposition of the light curves of the SMC RR Lyrae stars yields ...
Deb, Sukanta
Foil Electron Multiplier
Multiplier Foil Electron Multiplier An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident...
Cooperation (Transmission
Pricing in Wireless Networks Peter Marbach Department of Computer Science University of Toronto #12; Model/Terminology A B #15; Routes are Fixed #15; C r : Capacity of Node r #15; U r (x r ): Utility Function of Node r 6 #12; Model/Terminology #15; x r : Transmission Rate of Node r #15; y r
Marbach, Peter
Transmission Technologies
electronically (shift-by-wire) and performed by a hydraulic system or electric motor. In addition, technologies can be employed to make the shifting process smoother than...
The Absolute Magnitude and Kinematics of RR Lyrae Stars via Statistical Parallax
We present new statistical parallax solutions for the absolute magnitude and kinematics of RR Lyrae stars. New proper motion, radial velocity, and abundance data are used; the new data set is 50% larger, and of higher quality, than previously available data sets. Based on an a priori kinematic study, we separate the stars into halo and thick disk sub-populations. Statistical parallax solutions on these sub-samples yield M_V(RR) = +0.71 +/- 0.12 at = -1.61 for the halo (162 stars), and M_V(RR) = +0.79 +/- 0.30 at = -0.76 for the thick disk (51 stars). The solutions yield kinematic parameters (solar motion and velocity ellipsoid) in good agreement with estimates of the halo and thick disk kinematics derived from both RR Lyrae stars and other stellar tracers. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the solutions are accurate, and that the errors may be smaller than the estimates above. The simulations reveal a small bias in the disk solutions, and appropriate corrections are derived. The large uncertainty in the disk M_V(RR) prevents ascertaining the slope of the M_V(RR)-[Fe/H] relation. We find that (1) the distance to the Galactic Center is 7.6 +/- 0.4 kpc; (2) the mean age of the 17 oldest Galactic globular clusters is 16.5 _{-1.9}^{+2.1} Gyr; and (3) the distance modulus of the LMC is 18.28 +/- 0.13 mag. Estimates of H_0 which are based on an LMC distance modulus of 18.50 (e.g., Cepheid studies) increase by 10% if they are recalibrated to match our LMC distance modulus.
A. C. Layden; R. B. Hanson; S. L. Hawley; A. R. Klemola; C. J. Hanley
Airspace: Antarctic Sound Transmission
Antarctic Sound Transmission Andrea Polli Director,investigates how sound transmission can contribute to thePoles. How have such transmission-based projects developed
Polli, Andrea
Transmission Investment: A Primer
This primer highlights recent trends in transmission investment, summarizes the division of jurisdictional authority over transmission, and presents four alternative models for transmission ownership. (author)
McGarvey, Joe
contribution contribution to friction on GaAs: An atomic force microscope study Yabing Qi, 1,2 J. Y. Park, 2 B. L. M. Hendriksen, 2 D. F. Ogletree, 2 and M. Salmeron 2,3 1 Applied Science and Technology Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 2 Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 3 Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA ͑Received 23 January 2008; revised manuscript received 11 April 2008; published 7 May 2008͒ The electronic contribution to friction at semiconductor surfaces was investigated by using a Pt-coated tip with 50 nm radius in an atomic force microscope sliding against an n-type GaAs͑100͒ substrate. The GaAs surface was covered by an approximately 1 nm thick oxide layer. Charge accumulation
Chemical abundances of metal-poor RR Lyrae stars in the Magellanic Clouds
We present for the first time a detailed spectroscopic study of chemical element abundances of metal-poor RR Lyrae stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC and SMC). Using the MagE echelle spectrograph at the 6.5 ...
Haschke, Raoul
ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--8229--FR+ENG February 2013
ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--8229--FR+ENG RESEARCH REPORT N° 8229 February 2013 Project Project-Team Privatics Research Report n° 8229 -- February 2013 -- 23 pages Abstract: The privacy of the original paper was published in the Proceedings of the CODASPY 2013 Conference. This Research Report
Year 2006 UCD-ITS-RR-06-08 Lifecycle Analyses of Biofuels
Year 2006 UCD-ITS-RR-06-08 Lifecycle Analyses of Biofuels Draft Report (May be cited as draft://its.ucdavis.edu/ #12;DRAFT WORKING MANUSCRIPT LIFECYCLE ANALYSES OF BIOFUELS Draft manuscript (may be cited as draft analysis (LCA) of biofuels for transportation has three major parts: I. An analysis of greenhouse
Delucchi, Mark
The Blazhko behaviour of RR Geminorum II -- long-term photometric results
Context. RR Gem is one of the few Blazhko RR Lyrae that has photometric observations available extended enough to study the long-term courses of its pulsation and modulation properties in detail. Aims. We investigate the pulsation and modulation properties and the relations between them in RR Gem using photometric observations from the past 70 years in order to gain further insight into the nature of the Blazhko modulation. Methods. We studied the photographic, photoelectric, and CCD light curves obtained at the Konkoly Observatory and other authors' published maxima observations. Detailed analysis of the light curves, maximum brightness, and O-C data are carried out. Results. RR Gem showed modulation most of the time it was observed. The modulation amplitude showed strong variations from the undetectable level (less than 0.04 mag in maximum brightness) to about 0.20 mag. The amplitudes of the amplitude and phase modulations showed parallel changes, thus the total 'power' of the modulation have changed during the past 70 years. Parallel changes in the pulsation and modulation periods occur with a d P_mod / d P_puls = 1.6 +/- 0.8 * 10^3 ratio. We also detected 0.05-0.1 mag changes in the mean maximum brightness and mean pulsation amplitude.
�. S�dor; B. Szeidl; J. Jurcsik
de recherche ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--7750--FR+ENG
Larchev^eque , Paul Renaud-Goud Theme : Distributed and High Performance Computing ´Equipe-Projet GRAALapport de recherche ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--7750--FR+ENG Distributed and High Performance Computing INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE Optimal algorithms
Benoit, Anne
de recherche ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--7589--FR+ENG
Robert Theme : Distributed and High Performance Computing ´Equipe-Projet GRAAL Rapport de recherche napport de recherche ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--7589--FR+ENG Distributed and High Performance Computing INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE Models and complexity results
de recherche ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--7510--FR+ENG
Gaujal , Yves Robert Theme : Distributed and High Performance Computing ´Equipes-Projets GRAAL, MESCALapport de recherche ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--7510--FR+ENG Distributed and High Performance Computing INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE Computing the Throughput
de recherche ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--7757--FR+ENG
Aupy , Anne Benoit , Yves Robert Theme : Distributed and High Performance Computing ´Equipeapport de recherche ISSN0249-6399ISRNINRIA/RR--7757--FR+ENG Distributed and High Performance Computing INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE Energy-aware scheduling under
RR Lyrae Stars in the Andromeda Halo from Deep Imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys
We present a complete census of RR Lyrae stars in a halo field of the Andromeda galaxy. These deep observations, taken as part of a program to measure the star formation history in the halo, spanned a period of 41 days with sampling on a variety of time scales, enabling the identification of short and long period variables. Although the long period variables cannot be fully characterized within the time span of this program, the enormous advance in sensitivity provided by the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope allows accurate characterization of the RR Lyrae population in this field. We find 29 RRab stars with a mean period of 0.594 days, 25 RRc stars with a mean period of 0.316 days, and 1 RRd star with a fundamental period of 0.473 days and a first overtone period of 0.353 days. These 55 RR Lyrae stars imply a specific frequency S_RR=5.6, which is large given the high mean metallicity of the halo, but not surprising given that these stars arise from the old, metal-poor tail of the dis...
Brown, T M; Smith, E; Kimble, R A; Sweigart, A V; Renzini, A; Rich, R M; Brown, Thomas M.; Ferguson, Henry C.; Smith, Ed; Kimble, Randy A.; Sweigart, Allen V.; Renzini, Alvio
The Use of TaBoRR as a Heavy Oil Upgrader
Preliminary testing has shown that Western Research Institute's (WRI) Tank Bottom Recovery and Remediation (TaBoRR{reg_sign}) technology shows promise for heavy oil upgrading. Approximately 70 to 75 wt% of a Canadian Cold Lake bitumen feed was converted to a partially upgraded overhead product that could be transported directly by pipeline or blended with the parent bitumen to produce transportable crude. TaBoRR{reg_sign} was originally developed to remediate tank bottom wastes by producing a distillate product and solid waste. TaBoRR{reg_sign}'s processing steps include breaking a water-oil emulsion, recovering a light hydrocarbon fraction by distillation in a stripper unit, and pyrolyzing the residua reducing it to additional overhead and a benign coke for disposal. Cold Lake bitumen was tested in WRI's bench-scale equipment to evaluate the potential use of TaBoRR{reg_sign} technology for heavy oil upgrading to produce a stable, partially (or fully) upgraded product that will allow diluent-reduced or diluent-free transportation of bitumen or ultra-heavy crudes to market. Runs were conducted at temperatures of low, intermediate and high severity in the stripper to produce stripper overhead and bottoms. The bottoms from each of these runs were processed further in a 6-inch screw pyrolyzer to produce pyrolyzer overhead for blending with the corresponding stripper overheads. Proceeding in this fashion yielded three partially upgraded crudes. The products from TaBoRR{reg_sign} processing, the parent bitumen, and bitumen blends were subjected to stability and compatibility testing at the National Centre for Upgrading Technology (NCUT). Chemical analyses of the overhead product blends have met pipeline specifications for viscosity and density; however the bromine number does not, which might indicate the need for mild hydrotreating. Storage stability tests showed the blends to be stable. The blends were also soluble and compatible with most other Alberta crudes.
Lee Brecher; Charles Mones
We present a complete census of RR Lyrae stars in a halo field of the Andromeda galaxy. These deep observations, taken as part of a program to measure the star formation history in the halo, spanned a period of 41 days with sampling on a variety of time scales, enabling the identification of short and long period variables. Although the long period variables cannot be fully characterized within the time span of this program, the enormous advance in sensitivity provided by the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope allows accurate characterization of the RR Lyrae population in this field. We find 29 RRab stars with a mean period of 0.594 days, 25 RRc stars with a mean period of 0.316 days, and 1 RRd star with a fundamental period of 0.473 days and a first overtone period of 0.353 days. These 55 RR Lyrae stars imply a specific frequency S_RR=5.6, which is large given the high mean metallicity of the halo, but not surprising given that these stars arise from the old, metal-poor tail of the distribution. This old population in the Andromeda halo cannot be clearly placed into one of the Oosterhoff types: the ratio of RRc/RRabc stars is within the range seen in Oosterhoff II globular clusters, the mean RRab period is in the gap between Oosterhoff types, and the mean RRc period is in the range seen in Oosterhoff I globular clusters. The periods of these RR Lyraes suggest a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-1.6, while their brightness implies a distance modulus to Andromeda of 24.5+/-0.1, in good agreement with the Cepheid distance.
Thomas M. Brown; Henry C. Ferguson; Ed Smith; Randy A. Kimble; Allen V. Sweigart; Alvio Renzini; R. Michael Rich
Hydromechanical transmission
A power transmission having three planetary assemblies, each having its own carrier and its own planet, sun, and ring gears. A speed-varying module is connected in driving relation to the input shaft and in driving relationship to the three sun gears, all of which are connected together. The speed-varying means may comprise a pair of hydraulic units hydraulically interconnected so that one serves as a pump while the other serves as a motor and vice versa, one of the units having a variable stroke and being connected in driving relation to the input shaft, the other unit, which may have a fixed stroke, being connected in driving relation to the sun gears. The input shaft also drives the carrier of the third planetary assembly. A brake grounds the first carrier in the first range and in reverse and causes drive to be delivered to the output through the first ring gear in a hydrostatic mode. The carrier of the third planetary assembly drives the ring gear of the second planetary assembly, and a first clutching means connects the second carrier with the output in a second range, the brake for grounding the first carrier then being released. A second clutching means enables the third ring gear to drive the output shaft in a third range.
Orshansky, Jr. deceased, Elias (LATE OF San Francisco, CA); Weseloh, William E. (San Diego, CA)
Transmission | Department of Energy
Transmission Transmission Transmission Below are resources for Tribes on transmission. Transmission 101 Presentation from the National Council on Electricity Policy's Transmissions Technologies workshop. Includes information on transmission technology, costs, and how to plan the system. Transmission on Tribal Land Basics The Tribal Energy and Environmental Information Clearinghouse provides resources for development on tribal lands. Topics covered include transmission technology basics, potential impacts, law and regulations, and tribal incentives. Transmission Pre-Feasibility Study for Tribes Presentation on the components of a pre-feasibility study including generation location, sizing, and desirability, ability and cost to deliver, capacity versus energy, time of delivery versus peak, request for
The distances to four galaxies and two globular clusters which are derived with the aid of period-luminosity and period-color relations of {delta} Scuti and SX Phe stars are compared to the distances derived by other methods, in particular RR Lyrae stars. We examine the luminosities of horizontal branch or RR Lyrae stars in Oosterhoff I and II globular clusters. Observational data from a variety of sources indicate a discontinuous jump of {approx}0.2 mag in the luminosities of RR Lyrae variables at [Fe/H] {approx} -1.5 as we transition from Oosterhoff I to Oosterhoff II clusters. If Oosterhoff I clusters have RR Lyrae variables with average M{sub V} values of M{sub V} = 0.53 mag at [Fe/H] = -1.5, it implies that RR Lyrae stars in Oosterhoff II clusters average M{sub V} values are {approx}0.34 mag. Unlike the Oosterhoff I clusters which show an increase in the V luminosity of RR Lyrae stars as [Fe/H] becomes smaller, little or no change in the V luminosity of RR Lyrae variables is evident in Oosterhoff II clusters in the interval of [Fe/H] from -1.5 to -2.2. We find distance moduli found with RR Lyrae variables agree to {solar-metallicity {delta} Scuti stars with ages of 150 Myr to 1 Gyr) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), Small Magellanic Cloud, and the central region of the Fornax (dSph) galaxies. We also find an older population of metal-poor {delta} Scuti variables (SX Phe stars) in the LMC and Fornax galaxies. The Carina dSph is unique in that only an old population of metal-poor {delta} Scuti variables is evident. No evidence of recent {delta} Scuti star formation is found. The minimum periods observed for the SX Phe variables (blue stragglers) in the globular clusters M55 and {omega} Cen indicate that they could have been formed in a burst of metal-poor single star formation in the last 2.9-6 Gyr. If formed by the more acceptable scenario of stellar mergers, it is likely that the merged remnant resembles a normal star in a relatively advanced stage of main-sequence evolution with an enriched He core and ordinary He envelope. We present equations to calculate intrinsic-color indices for {delta} Scuti, SX Phe, and RR Lyrae stars at mean light. Finally, we show that the fundamental-radial-pulsating stars ({delta} Sct and SX Phe variables) have larger average light amplitudes than the first-overtone pulsating variables. The fundamental metal-poor variables (SX Phe stars) have the largest average and individual amplitudes.
McNamara, D. H., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 (United States)
Colors of c-type RR Lyrae Stars and Interstellar Reddening
RR Lyrae stars pulsating in the fundamental mode have long been used to measure interstellar reddening, based on their observed uniformity of $B-V$ color at minimum light after small corrections for metallicity and period are applied. However, little attention has been paid to the first overtone pulsators (RRc or RR1). We present new $V-I$ observations of field RRc stars, supplemented with published data from uncrowded RRc in globular clusters. Preliminary results indicate the RRc colors are correlated with period, but appear to be independent of the stars' metallicity. The scatter around the period-color relation is slightly larger than a comparable relation for RRab. Thus, RRc can be useful indicators of line of sight reddening toward old stellar systems, particularly when multiple stars are available as in Oosterhoff II globular clusters and metal-poor galaxies.
Layden, Andrew; Husband, Paul
Analysis of RR Lyrae Stars in the Northern Sky Variability Survey
We use data from the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS), obtained from the first generation Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE-I), to identify and study RR Lyrae variable stars in the solar neighborhood. We initially identified 1197 RRab (RR0) candidate stars brighter than the ROTSE median magnitude V = 14. Periods, amplitudes, and mean V magnitudes are determined for a subset of 1188 RRab stars with well defined light curves. Metallicities are determined for 589 stars by the Fourier parameter method and by the relationship between period, amplitude, and [Fe/H]. We comment upon the difficulties of clearly classifying RRc (RR1) variables in the NSVS dataset. Distances to the RRab stars are calculated using an adopted luminosity-metallicity relation with corrections for interstellar extinction. The 589 RRab stars in our final sample are used to study the properties of the RRab population within 5 kpc of the Sun. The Bailey diagram of period versus amplitude shows that the largest component o...
Kinemuchi, K; Wozniak, P R; McKay, T A
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Microstructure and Phase Evolution in a SnO2 Nanowire during Lithium Intercalation
This paper reports development of a lithium-ion battery nanostructure device using a single nanowire for in-stu TEM study of the battery. This prototype lithium ion battery was built using a single SnO? nanowire as the anode, an air stable salt: lithium bis(trifluoromethansulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) in a hydrophobic ionic liquid: 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidium TFSI (P14TFSI) as the electrolyte, and LiCoO? as the cathode. The microstructure evolution of the single nanowire anode was studied using TEM imaging, electron diffraction, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy during the operation of the battery. It has been observed that during initial charging, the electrolyte was found to decompose and subsequently be electrodeposited on the anode, leading to the formation of a coating layer on the anode. This coating layer was enriched with Li. Formation of this layer will retard the Li intercalation of SnO?. This in situ TEM observation provides direct evidence that accounts for the observed low capacity and fast fading of the Li battery when LiTFSI-P14TFSI is used as the electrolyte.
Wang, Chong M.; Xu, Wu; Liu, Jun; Zhang, Jiguang; Saraf, Laxmikant V.; Arey, Bruce W.; Choi, Daiwon; Yang, Zhenguo; Xiao, Jie; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai; Baer, Donald R.
Survey of Transmission Cost Allocation Methodologies for Regional Transmission Organizations
The report presents transmission cost allocation methodologies for reliability transmission projects, generation interconnection, and economic transmission projects for all Regional Transmission Organizations.
Fink, S.; Porter, K.; Mudd, C.; Rogers, J.
Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission...
Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long (New York) Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long...
DOE Transmission Workshop
Transmission Workshop November 1, 2012 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Commissioner Cheryl LaFleur 1 FERC's Transmission Efforts Reliability and Grid Security Planning...
Usage Transmission Transmission Once electricity is generated -- whether by burning fossil fuels; through nuclear fission; or by harnessing wind, solar, geothermal, or hydro...
Merchant transmission investment
We examine the performance attributes of a merchant transmission investment framework that relies on "market driven" transmission investment to provide the infrastructure to support competitive wholesale markets for ...
Joskow, Paul L.
Atomic Cu/Nb Interface Structures Characterized by Transmission ...
To understand the interface effect on mechanical behavior, atomic Cu/Nb interface structures were studied by (scanning) transmission electron microscopy �...
We use data from the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS), obtained from the first generation Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE-I), to identify and study RR Lyrae variable stars in the solar neighborhood. We initially identified 1197 RRab (RR0) candidate stars brighter than the ROTSE median magnitude V = 14. Periods, amplitudes, and mean V magnitudes are determined for a subset of 1188 RRab stars with well defined light curves. Metallicities are determined for 589 stars by the Fourier parameter method and by the relationship between period, amplitude, and [Fe/H]. We comment upon the difficulties of clearly classifying RRc (RR1) variables in the NSVS dataset. Distances to the RRab stars are calculated using an adopted luminosity-metallicity relation with corrections for interstellar extinction. The 589 RRab stars in our final sample are used to study the properties of the RRab population within 5 kpc of the Sun. The Bailey diagram of period versus amplitude shows that the largest component of this sample belongs to Oosterhoff type I. Metal-rich ([Fe/H] > -1) RRab stars appear to be associated with the Galactic disk. Our metal-rich RRab sample may include a thin disk as well as a thick disk population, although the uncertainties are too large to establish this. There is some evidence among the metal-rich RRab stars for a decline in scale height with increasing [Fe/H], as was found by Layden (1995). The distribution of RRab stars with -1 < [Fe/H] < -1.25 indicates that within this metallicity range the RRab stars are a mixture of stars belonging to halo and disk populations.
K. Kinemuchi; H. A. Smith; P. R. Wozniak; T. A. McKay; the ROTSE Collaboration.
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Washington at Seattle, University of
Independent transmission company (ITC) and markets for transmission
Independent Abstract-- transmission company (ITC) and markets for transmission Yong T. Yoon Marija a fundamental structure for the transmission provider (TP) composed of the independent transmission company (ITC out the associated functions including managing transmission congestion. At the minimum
Ilic, Marija D.
Three essays concerning information transmission
Transmissionas an Information-Transmission Mechanism,� American EconomicConcerning Information Transmission A dissertation submitted
Boone, Johnathan
Characterization of Planar Transmission Lines
... References on: On-Wafer Measurement and Calibration, Planar Transmission Line Characterization and Multiconductor Transmission Lines. ...
San Luis Transmission Project
Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR San Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR Western proposes to construct, own, operate, and maintain a new 230-kilovolt transmission line about 62 miles in length between Western's Tracy Substation and Western's San Luis Substation and a new 70-kV transmission line about 5 miles in length between the San Luis and O'Neill Substations. Western also will consider other transmission construction options including: A new 500-kV transmission line about 62 miles in length operated at 230-kV between Western's Tracy and San Luis Substations; A new 500-kV transmission line operated at 500-kV about 62 miles in length between the Tracy Substation and Pacific Gas and Electric's Los Banos Substation; and A new 230-kV transmission line about 18 miles in length between San Luis Substation and Dos Amigos Substation.
The internal proper motion dispersion of NGC 6266 was measured using Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images with an epoch difference of eight years. The dispersion was found to be 0.041 {+-} 0.001 arcsec century{sup -1}. This value was then equated to the cluster's radial velocity dispersion of 13.7 {+-} 1.1 km s{sup -1} to yield a distance to NGC 6266 of 7054 {+-} 583 pc. Based on this distance we find that the NGC 6266 RR Lyrae stars have M{sub V} = 0.51 {+-} 0.18 mag. This magnitude is in good agreement with that predicted by the M{sub V} versus [Fe/H] relation found by Benedict et al. Using an average [Fe/H] of -1.25 for NGC 6266, their relation predicts M{sub V} = 0.49 {+-} 0.06. Based on the RR Lyrae M{sub V} versus age relation determined by Chaboyer et al., we estimate that NGC 6266 has an age of 11.4 {+-} 2.2 Gyr.
McNamara, Bernard J.; McKeever, Jean, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001 (United States)
CCD Photometry of the globular cluster M2. RR Lyrae physical parameters and new variables
We report the results of CCD V and R photometry of the RR Lyrae stars in M2. The periodicities of most variables are revised and new ephemerides are calculated. Light curve decomposition of the RR Lyrae stars was carried out and the corresponding mean physical parameters [Fe/H] = -1.47, Teff = 6276 K, log L = 1.63 Lsun and Mv = 0.71 from nine RRab and [Fe/H] = -1.61, M = 0.54 Msun, Teff = 7215 K, log L = 1.74 Lsun and Mv = 0.71 from two RRc stars were calculated. A comparison of the radii obtained from the above luminosity and temperature with predicted radii from nonlinear convective models is discussed. The estimated mean distance to the cluster is 10.49 +- 0.15 kpc. These results place M2 correctly in the general globular cluster sequences Oosterhoff type, mass, luminosity and temperature, all as a function of the metallicity. Mean relationships for M, log L/Lsun, Teff and Mv as a function of [Fe/H] for a family of globular clusters are offered. These trends are consistent with evolutionary and structural notions on the horizontal branch. Eight new variables are reported.
C. Lazaro; A. Arellano Ferro; M. J. Arevalo; D. M. Bramich; S. Giridhar; E. Poretti
Cluster AgeS Experiment (CASE): Multiperiodic RR Lyrae Stars in Omega Centauri
We have conducted a systematic search for multiperiodic pulsations in the RR Lyrae-type stars of the galactic globular cluster Omega Cen. Secondary periodicities close to the primary pulsation frequency have been detected in 17 out of 70 studied fundamental mode (RRab) pulsators and in 35 out of 81 overtone (RRc) pulsators. Because of the observed period ratios, these newly detected periodicities must correspond to nonradial modes. Their beating with the primary radial pulsation leads to a slow amplitude and phase modulation, commonly referred to as the Blazhko effect. The incidence rate of Blazhko modulation in Omega Cen RRab stars (24 +/- 5%) is similar to that observed in the Galactic Bulge. In the case of Omega Cen RRc stars, the incidence rate of Blazhko effect is exceptionally high (38 +/- 5%), more than 3 times higher than in any other studied population. In addition to Blazhko variables, we have also identified two RR Lyr variables exhibiting first overtone/second overtone double-mode pulsations, and ...
Moskalik, P
The QUEST RR Lyrae Survey: III. The Low Galactic Latitude Catalogue
We present results for the QUEST RR Lyrae Survey at low galactic latitude, conducted entirely with observations obtained with the QUEST mosaic camera and the 1.0/1.5m J\\"urgen Stock Schmidt telescope at the National Observatory of Venezuela. The survey spans an area of 476 sq. deg on the sky, with multi-epoch observations in the V, R and I photometric bands for 6.5x10^6 stars in the galactic latitude range 3095 per cent and ~85 per cent for RRab and RRc stars respectively. Photometric metallicities were computed based on the light curves and individual extinctions calculated from minimum light colours for each RRab star. Distances were obtained with typical errors ~7 per cent. The RR Lyrae survey simultaneously spans a large range of heliocentric distances 0.5<= R_hel(kpc)<=40 and heights above the plane -15<=z(kpc)<=+20, with well known completeness across the survey area, making it an ideal set for studying the struc ture of the Galactic thick disk.
Mateu, Cecilia; Downes, Juan Jos�; Brice�o, C�sar; Zinn, Robert; Cruz-Diaz, Gustavo
We report the results of CCD V and R photometry of the RR Lyrae stars in M2. The periodicities of most variables are revised and new ephemerides are calculated. Light curve decomposition of the RR Lyrae stars was carried out and the corresponding mean physical parameters [Fe/H] = -1.47, Teff = 6276 K, log L = 1.63 Lsun and Mv = 0.71 from nine RRab and [Fe/H] = -1.61, M = 0.54 Msun, Teff = 7215 K, log L = 1.74 Lsun and Mv = 0.71 from two RRc stars were calculated. A comparison of the radii obtained from the above luminosity and temperature with predicted radii from nonlinear convective models is discussed. The estimated mean distance to the cluster is 10.49 +- 0.15 kpc. These results place M2 correctly in the general globular cluster sequences Oosterhoff type, mass, luminosity and temperature, all as a function of the metallicity. Mean relationships for M, log L/Lsun, Teff and Mv as a function of [Fe/H] for a family of globular clusters are offered. These trends are consistent with evolutionary and structural ...
Lazaro, C; Arevalo, M J; Bramich, D M; Giridhar, S; Poretti, E
RC+l) X'=XAC1,0),Z'=-1 RR(+2) RR RRC+2) X�=X RR(+2) RR RR{+2) X'=XD(-1) RR(+2) RR RRC+2) RRC+2) RR RRC+2) X*=X RRC+2) RR RR(0) X'=XB(-1) to ISEG
Brooks, B.R.
Electronic Methods Potentially Secure for Sending Blank ...
... discusses how postal mail and four electronic transmission options (telephone ... as cryptography and back up communications lines, depending on ...
ABSTRACT: Electron Irradiation Induced Transformation of ... - TMS
Jun 27, 2007 ... Crystallochemical changes of (Pb5Ca5)(VO4)6F2 apatite under electron irradiation were examined by transmission electron microscopy.
Are Electron Tweezers Possible? Apparently So.
... metallurgist Vladimir Oleshko, you might expect that a beam of focused electrons�such as that created by a transmission electron microscope (TEM ...
National Transmission Grid Study
Grid Study Grid Study U.S. Department of Energy The Honorable Spencer Abraham Secretary of Energy May 2002 ii National Transmission Grid Study National Transmission Grid Study i ii National Transmission Grid Study National Transmission Grid Study iii How This Study Was Conducted The National Energy Policy Plan directed the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a study to examine the benefits of establishing a national electricity transmission grid and to identify transmission bottlenecks and measures to address them. DOE began by conducting an independent analysis of U.S. electricity markets and identifying transmission system bottlenecks using DOE's Policy Office Electricity Modeling System (POEMS). DOE's analysis, presented in Section 2, confirms the central role of the nation's transmission
Transmission | Open Energy Information
Gateway Gateway Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Transmission (Redirected from Transmission) Jump to: navigation, search Transmission header.png Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Lattice.jpg High-voltage transmission lines form the backbone of electricity systems. Transmission lines are designed to carry large amounts of electricity at high voltages, typically 115 to 500 kilovolts (kV), across long distances. Networks of transmission lines transfer electricity from power plants or other interconnections to substations. At substations, the high-voltage electricity is "stepped down" to a lower voltage, which can be carried
Arnold Schwarzenegger TRANSMISSION BENEFIT
California Edison's (SCE) initial Tehachapi transmission trunk-line proposal for integration of wind. The Tehachapi Transmission Project to integrate 4,500 MW of renewable wind energy has since been approved after
Transmission Investment Incentives
This report documents the use of agent-based simulation as a tool for studying transmission investment incentives, and it is meant to illuminate what accounts for the difficulties in aligning incentives for enhancing the transmission system. The report suggests that a new method of calculation for bid optimization be applied to the economic analysis of long-term incentives for transmission investment. This technology can be broadly applied to help negotiators in transmission planning quantify their count...
Microstructural Evolution of SnS Thin Films Grown by Electrodeposition � Morphology Engineering of 1D, 2D and 3D TiO2 Nanostructures and Their Application�...
Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ...
... hydrogen production by steam reforming of methanol and oxidation of CO for low ... Recent Developments in In Situ Studies of Catalytic Materials at Atomic�...
cable transmission systems:5 two 500 kV circuits, a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system and two to serve VI and the HVDC link is expected to be completely retired in 2007. This erosion in transmission / replacement of the HVDC cables (at a cost of $230 million), as well as transmission upgrades on the mainland
Transmission Line Surge Arrester - White Paper
Electricity customers are continually demanding improved transmission system reliability and performance. In order to improve reliability, utilities must focus on mitigating the effects of lightning, which is often the most frequent cause of transmission outages and service interruptions. The widespread use of electronic equipment at home and at work makes the challenge of providing reliable electrical service greater today than ever before. Customers can be adversely affected by even momentary outages o...
Automated manual transmission controller
A powertrain system for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a heat engine, such as a diesel engine, and an electric machine, which operates as both an electric motor and an alternator, to power the vehicle. The hybrid vehicle also includes a manual-style transmission configured to operate as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver. The engine and the electric machine drive an input shaft which in turn drives an output shaft of the transmission. In addition to driving the transmission, the electric machine regulates the speed of the input shaft in order to synchronize the input shaft during either an upshift or downshift of the transmission by either decreasing or increasing the speed of the input shaft. When decreasing the speed of the input shaft, the electric motor functions as an alternator to produce electrical energy which may be stored by a storage device. Operation of the transmission is controlled by a transmission controller which receives input signals and generates output signals to control shift and clutch motors to effect smooth launch, upshift shifts, and downshifts of the transmission, so that the transmission functions substantially as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver, while internally substantially functioning as a manual transmission.
Lawrie, Robert E. (Whitmore Lake, MI); Reed, Jr., Richard G. (Royal Oak, MI); Bernier, David R. (Rochester Hills, MI)
A first-overtone RR Lyrae star with cyclic period changes
A detailed light curve analysis is presented for a first-overtone RR Lyrae star, MACHO* J050918.712-695015.31, based on MACHO and OGLE-III observations. As a foreground object of the Large Magellanic Cloud, it gives an extraordinary opportunity to study an almost continuous, 12-year long dataset of a relatively bright (V~15.0 mag) RRc star with rapid period change. Cyclic period modulation is suggested by the O-C method, where the cycle length is about 8 years. With the available unique dataset, we could draw strong limits on other light curve changes that may be associated to the period modulation. We could exclude both multiple periodicity and amplitude modulation unambiguously. Any theoretical model should reproduce the observed lack of photometric modulations. Simple arguments are also given for possible hydromagnetic effects.
A. Derekas; L. L. Kiss; A. Udalski; T. R. Bedding; K. Szatmary
EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NFPA DF1'l!Rl>llNATION RrCIPIENT:
DEP * .\RThIFNT OF FNERGY DEP * .\RThIFNT OF FNERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NFPA DF1'l!Rl>llNATION RrCIPIENT: Michigan Energy Office PROJECf TITLE: EERE loanITech Demo Program - Delphi Page 1 of2 STATE: MI Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number em Number DE-FOA'{)()()()()S2 DE-EEOOOO166 GF()-(HX)()116-023 GOO Based on my review of the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Offictr (authorized under DOE Order 45I.lA), I have made the following determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUM.BER: Description: 85.1 Actions to conserve energy. demonstrate potential energy conservation , and promote energy-efficiency that do nol increase the indoor concentrations of potentially harmful substances. These actions may involve financial and technical
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Gateway Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Transmission Jump to: navigation, search Transmission header.png Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Lattice.jpg High-voltage transmission lines form the backbone of electricity systems. Transmission lines are designed to carry large amounts of electricity at high voltages, typically 115 to 500 kilovolts (kV), across long distances. Networks of transmission lines transfer electricity from power plants or other interconnections to substations. At substations, the high-voltage
Plutonium Residue Recovery (PuRR) Project: Quarterly progress report, July-September 1988
During this quarter, process development activities were concentrated on methods for recycling the salt and alloy reagents used by PuRR. Promising techniques were identified for further investigation, development and refinement. Processes for the recycling of salts, in particular, were also shown to be of potential benefit in reducing waste streams in the current plutonium metal production cycle. At Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), the first attempt at reduction of ash heels was made. The recovery of plutonium from this most intractable of residues was gratifyingly high. Magnesium was used for reduction of ash heel into a zinc alloy, and calcium was used for reduction into a copper-magnesium alloy. For the zinc-magnesium run 99.9% reduction was achieved in two reduction stages. For the copper-magnesium-calcium run, 99.8% reduction was obtained in a single stage. The reduction alloy from the copper-magnesium-calcium system was subjected to salt extraction by reaction with CdCl/sub 2/. Only 96.5% of the reduced plutonium was extracted. Quantitative extraction was expected; the cause for the incomplete extraction will be investigated. A similar salt extraction will be performed with the reduction ingot from the zinc-magnesium system. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), further progress was made toward readying the gloveboxes in the Plutonium Facility for use. Preliminary steps were taken to prepare ash-heel residues for experiments to attempt gross mechanical separation as a head-end stage for PuRR. 3 refs., 3 figs.
Pittenger, L.C.; Alire, R.M.; Coops, M.S.; Landrum, J.H.; Priest, R.E.; Thompson, D.S.; Gregg, D.W.; Pierce, R.D.; Johnson, G.K.; Mulcahey, T.P.
Transmission SEAB Presentation | Department of Energy
Transmission SEAB Presentation Transmission SEAB Presentation Transmission SEAB Presentation More Documents & Publications 2013 Transmission Reliability Program Peer Review - Day 1...
Definition: Transmission Service Provider | Open Energy Information
Transmission Service Provider The entity that administers the transmission tariff and provides Transmission Service to Transmission Customers under applicable...
EC Transmission Line Materials
The purpose of this document is to identify materials acceptable for use in the US ITER Project Office (USIPO)-supplied components for the ITER Electron cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (ECH&CD) transmission lines (TL), PBS-52. The source of material property information for design analysis shall be either the applicable structural code or the ITER Material Properties Handbook. In the case of conflict, the ITER Material Properties Handbook shall take precedence. Materials selection, and use, shall follow the guidelines established in the Materials Assessment Report (MAR). Materials exposed to vacuum shall conform to the ITER Vacuum Handbook. [Ref. 2] Commercial materials shall conform to the applicable standard (e.g., ASTM, JIS, DIN) for the definition of their grade, physical, chemical and electrical properties and related testing. All materials for which a suitable certification from the supplier is not available shall be tested to determine the relevant properties, as part of the procurement. A complete traceability of all the materials including welding materials shall be provided. Halogenated materials (example: insulating materials) shall be forbidden in areas served by the detritiation systems. Exceptions must be approved by the Tritium System and Safety Section Responsible Officers.
Bigelow, Tim S [ORNL
RR-Lyrae-type pulsations from a 0.26-solar-mass star in a binary system
RR Lyrae pulsating stars have been extensively used as tracers of old stellar populations for the purpose of determining the ages of galaxies, and as tools to measure distances to nearby galaxies. There was accordingly considerable interest when the RR Lyr star OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-02792 was found to be a member in an eclipsing binary system4, as the mass of the pulsator (hitherto constrained only by models) could be unambiguously determined. Here we report that RRLYR-02792 has a mass of 0.26 M_sun and therefore cannot be a classical RR Lyrae star. Through models we find that its properties are best explained by the evolution of a close binary system that started with 1.4 M_sun and 0.8 M_sun stars orbiting each other with an initial period of 2.9 days. Mass exchange over 5.4 Gyr produced the observed system, which is now in a very short-lived phase where the physical properties of the pulsator happen to place it in the same instability strip of the H-R diagram occupied by RR Lyrae stars. We estimate that samples of...
Pietrzynski, G; Gieren, W; Graczyk, D; Stepien, K; Bono, G; Moroni, P G Prada; Pilecki, B; Udalski, A; Soszynski, I; Preston, G; Nardetto, N; McWilliam, A; Roederer, I; Gorski, M; Konorski, P; Storm, J; 10.1038/nature10966
Series Transmission Line Transformer
A series transmission line transformer is set forth which includes two or more of impedance matched sets of at least two transmissions lines such as shielded cables, connected in parallel at one end ans series at the other in a cascading fashion. The cables are wound about a magnetic core. The series transmission line transformer (STLT) which can provide for higher impedance ratios and bandwidths, which is scalable, and which is of simpler design and construction.
Buckles, Robert A. (Livermore, CA); Booth, Rex (Livermore, CA); Yen, Boris T. (El Cerrito, CA)
Video Transmission Jerkiness Measure.
??Digital video transmission is widely used nowadays in multimedia. Frame dropping, freeze and reduced number of frames in the transmitted video are common symptoms of� (more)
Abdelsamad, Deena
Patterns of transmission investment
This paper examines a number of issues associated with alternative analytical approaches for evaluating investments in electricity transmission infrastructure and alternative institutional arrangements to govern network ...
Electron Tomography in Aberration-corrected Transmission Electron ...
P1-04: 3D Microstructural Characterization of Uranium Oxide as a Surrogate Nuclear ... P1-15: Gating System Optimisation Design Study of a Cast Automobile ... P2-27: Characterization of Carbonate Rocks through X-ray Microtomography.
Magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator
A magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator employs self-generated magnetic fields to generate microwave energy. An anode of the oscillator includes slow-wave structures which are formed of a plurality of thin conductive vanes defining cavities therebetween, and a gap is formed between the anode and a cathode of the oscillator. In response to a pulsed voltage applied to the anode and cathode, self-generated magnetic fields arfe produced in a cross-field orientation with respect to the orientation of the electric field between the anode and the cathode. The cross-field magnetic fields insulate the flow of electrons in the gap and confine the flow of electrons within the gap.
Bacon, Larry D. (Albuquerque, NM); Ballard, William P. (Albuquerque, NM); Clark, M. Collins (Albuquerque, NM); Marder, Barry M. (Albuquerque, NM)
A magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator employs self-generated magnetic fields to generate microwave energy. An anode of the oscillator includes slow-wave structures which are formed of a plurality of thin conductive vanes defining cavities therebetween, and a gap is formed between the anode and a cathode of the oscillator. In response to a pulsed voltage applied to the anode and cathode, self-generated magnetic fields are produced in a cross-field orientation with respect to the orientation of the electric field between the anode and the cathode. The cross-field magnetic fields insulate the flow of electrons in the gap and confine the flow of electrons within the gap. 11 figs.
Bacon, L.D.; Ballard, W.P.; Clark, M.C.; Marder, B.M.
The progressive transmission disadvantage
The disadvantage of progressive transmission, compared to transmission in a single step, is analyzed for the high-rate case using a polytope that is self-similar under binary subdivision. This disadvantage is calculated to be 0.3424 dB or 0.057 bit compared ...
M. J. Durst
Nonlinear magnetoinductive transmission lines
Power transmission in one-dimensional nonlinear magnetic metamaterials driven at one end is investigated numerically and analytically in a wide frequency range. The nonlinear magnetic metamaterials are composed of varactor-loaded split-ring resonators which are coupled magnetically through their mutual inductances, forming thus a magnetoiductive transmission line. In the linear limit, significant power transmission along the array only appears for frequencies inside the linear magnetoinductive wave band. We present analytical, closed form solutions for the magnetoinductive waves transmitting the power in this regime, and their discrete frequency dispersion. When nonlinearity is important, more frequency bands with significant power transmission along the array may appear. In the equivalent circuit picture, the nonlinear magnetoiductive transmission line driven at one end by a relatively weak electromotive force, can be modeled by coupled resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC) circuits with voltage-dependent cap...
Lazarides, Nikos; Tsironis, G P
A contract network extends the concept of a contract path to address the problem of loop flow and congestion in electric power transmission systems. A contract network option provides a well defined, internally consistent framework for assigning long-term capacity rights to a complicated electric transmission network. The contract network respects the special conditions induced by Kirchoff's Laws; accommodates thermal, voltage and contingency constraints on transmission capacity; and can be adopted without disturbing existing methods for achieving an economic power dispatch subject to these constraints. By design, a contract network would maintain short-run efficiency through optimal spot price determination of transmission prices. Through payment of congestion rentals, the contract network makes a long-term capacityright holder indifferent between delivery of the power or receipt of payments in a settlement system. And the contract network framework can support allocation of transmission capacity rights through a competitive bidding process. CONTRACT NETWORKS
William W. Hogan; William W. Hogan
RR UECX I DEUEetdJ16 T LEMON7 ILL =@I9 V
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
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Chemical and structural analysis of the Large Magellanic Cloud using the fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars
We present a careful and detailed light curve analysis of publicly available $I$-band data on fundamental mode RR Lyrae (RRab) stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) obtained by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) phase-III project. Using the Fourier parameters of $13,095$ RRab stars, metallicities and absolute magnitudes of individual stars are obtained. The representation of stars on the $P-\\phi_{31}^{V}$ plane shows the existence of three significant metallicity groups with mean metallicities as $-1.20 \\pm 0.12$ dex, $-1.57 \\pm 0.10$ dex and $-1.89 \\pm 0.09$ dex. The corresponding absolute magnitudes of these three groups are obtained as $0.70\\pm 0.08$ mag, $0.59 \\pm 0.06$ mag and $0.49 \\pm 0.08$ mag, respectively. Distribution of these three groups as a function of vertical $|z|$ distance indicates that the formation of the LMC disk predates the formation of the inner halo. Issue of the existence of a metallicity gradient as a function of galactocentric distances has also been addressed...
Our multi-epoch survey of {approx}20 deg{sup 2} of the Canis Major (CMa) overdensity has detected only 10 RR Lyrae stars (RRLS). We show that this number is consistent with the number expected from the Galactic halo and thick disk populations alone, leaving no excess that can be attributed to the dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy that some authors have proposed as the origin of the CMa overdensity. If this galaxy resembles the dSph satellites of the Milky Way (MW) and of M31 and has the putative M{sub V} {approx} -14.5, our survey should have detected several tens of RRLS. Even if M{sub V} {approx}10, which is not observed. Either the old stellar population of this galaxy has unique properties or, as others have argued before, the CMa overdensity is produced by the thin and thick disk and spiral arm populations of the MW and not by a collision with a dSph satellite galaxy.
Mateu, Cecilia; Vivas, A. Katherina; Abad, Carlos [Centro de Investigaciones de AstronomIa (CIDA), Apartado Postal 264, Merida 5101-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Zinn, Robert; Miller, Lissa R. [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101 (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. III. RR Lyrae Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
The third part of the OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars comprises 24906 RR Lyr stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This sample consist of 17693 fundamental-mode (RRab), 4958 first-overtone (RRc), 986 double-mode (RRd) and 1269 suspected second-overtone (RRe) pulsators. 66 objects are foreground Galactic RR Lyr stars. The catalog data include basic photometric and astrometric properties of the RR Lyr stars, multi-epoch VI photometry and finding charts. We detected one new RR Lyr star with additional eclipsing variations. The spatial distribution of RR Lyr stars in the LMC is distinctly non-spherical and it is elongated in the same direction as the LMC bar. The basic statistical features of RR Lyr stars in the LMC are provided. The apparent V-band magnitudes for RRab stars have the modal value at 19.36 mag, and for overtone RR Lyr stars it is about 19.32 mag. The mean periods for RRab, RRc and RRe stars are 0.576, 0.337 and 0.270 days, respectively.
Soszynski, I; Szymanski, M K; Kubiak, M; Pietrzynski, G; Wyrzykowski, L; Szewczyk, O; Ulaczyk, K; Poleski, R
Foil Electron Multiplier Foil Electron Multiplier Foil Electron Multiplier An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident particles and a back side for transmitting secondary electrons that are produced from the incident particles transiting through the foil. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email Foil Electron Multiplier An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident particles and a back side for transmitting secondary electrons that are produced from the incident particles transiting through the foil. The foil thickness enables the incident particles to travel through the foil and continue on
Transmission Cost Allocation Methodologies for Regional Transmission Organizations
This report describes transmission cost allocation methodologies for transmission projects developed to maintain or enhance reliability, to interconnect new generators, or to access new resources and enhance competitive bulk power markets, otherwise known as economic transmission projects.
Fink, S.; Rogers, J.; Porter, K.
Subject: SPPR Proposed ED5 to Palo Verde Transmission Project
Date: 832010 4:04 PM Subject: SPPR Proposed ED5 to Palo Verde Transmission Project VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL TO: firstname.lastname@example.com August 3, 2010 Mr. Darrick Moe...
Date: 832010 4:02 PM Subject: SPPR Proposed ED5 to Palo Verde Transmission Project VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL TO: firstname.lastname@example.com August 3, 2010 Mr. Darrick Moe...
Down hole transmission system
A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a data transmission element in both ends of the downhole component. Each data transmission element houses an electrically conducting coil in a MCEI circular trough. The electrically conducting coil comprises at least two generally fractional loops. In the preferred embodiment, the transmission elements are connected by an electrical conductor. Preferably, the electrical conductor is a coaxial cable. Preferably, the MCEI trough comprises ferrite. In the preferred embodiment, the fractional loops are connected by a connecting cable. In one aspect of the present invention, the connecting cable is a pair of twisted wires. In one embodiment the connecting cable is a shielded pair of twisted wires. In another aspect of the present invention, the connecting cable is a coaxial cable. The connecting cable may be disposed outside of the MCEI circular trough.
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT)
Electric Transmission Lines (Iowa)
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Electric transmission lines capable of operating at 69 kV or greater cannot be constructed along, across, or over any public highways or grounds outside of cities without a franchise from the...
Designing electricity transmission auctions
The UK has ambitious plans for exploiting offshore wind for electricity production in order to meet its challenging target under the EU Renewable Energy Directive. This could involve investing up to 20bn in transmission assets to bring electricity...
Greve, Thomas; Pollitt, Michael G.
Downhole transmission system
A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a data transmission element in both ends of the downhole component. Each data transmission element houses an electrically conducting coil in a MCEI circular trough. An electrical conductor connects both the transmission elements. The electrical conductor comprises at least three electrically conductive elements insulated from each other. In the preferred embodiment the electrical conductor comprises an electrically conducting outer shield, an electrically conducting inner shield and an electrical conducting core. In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrical conductor comprises an electrically insulating jacket. In other embodiments, the electrical conductor comprises a pair of twisted wires. In some embodiments, the electrical conductor comprises semi-conductive material.
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT)
Cloud Transmissivities for Canada
Transmissivities are determined for different cloud types using nine years of hourly irradiance measurements under overcast skies at six Canadian stations. Values for individual stations and for pooled data using irradiances uncorrected for ...
J. A. Davies; M. Abdel-Wahab; J. E. Howard
Metal Abundances, Radial Velocities and other Physical Characteristics for the RR Lyrae Stars in the Kepler Field
Spectroscopic iron-to-hydrogen ratios, radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, and new photometric analyses are presented for 41 RR Lyrae stars (and one probable high-amplitude delta Scuti star) located in the field-of-view of the Kepler space telescope. Thirty-seven of the RR Lyrae stars are fundamental-mode pulsators (i.e., RRab stars) of which 16 exhibit the Blazhko effect. Four of the stars are multiperiodic RRc pulsators oscillating primarily in the first-overtone mode. Spectroscopic [Fe/H] values for the 34 stars for which we were able to derive estimates range from -2.54 +/- 0.13 (NR Lyr) to -0.05 +/- 0.13 dex (V784 Cyg), and for the 19 Kepler-field non-Blazhko stars studied by Nemec et al.(2011) the abundances agree will with their photometric [Fe/H] values. Four non-Blazhko RR Lyrae stars that they identified as metal-rich (KIC 6100702, V2470 Cyg, V782 Cyg and V784 Cyg) are confirmed as such, and four additional stars (V839 Cyg, KIC 5520878, KIC 8832417, KIC 3868420) are also shown here to be meta...
Nemec, James M; Ripepi, Vincenzo; Derekas, Aliz; Moskalik, Pawel; Sesar, Branimir; Chadid, Merieme; Bruntt, Hans
Transmission Line Grounding
In 2008, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) published a comprehensive grounding report. Published in two parts, the report covered the theoretical and practical aspects of transmission line grounding practices. To further improve the tools available for grounding analysis, an investigation into practical ways to calculate the fault current distribution and ground potential rise of the transmission line grounding system was conducted. Furthermore, a survey of utilities has documented industry pr...
Plutonium Residue Recovery (PuRR) project: Quarterly progress report, April-June 1988
A major activity during this period was the conduct of a technical review of the PuRR process before a panel of persons having expertise in residue recovery. The results of the review were favorable as to the assessment of the feasibility of the project, and the reviewers also made valuable suggestions regarding the direction of specific activities in its support. In the area of process development, several variations on initial reduction processes have been conceived and are being explored. Laboratory-scale demonstration-of-feasibility experiments continue at ANL, with further investigation of reductions from ash and from LECO crucibles. ANL is also investigating reduction over a Cu--Mg alloy, and the effects of Si and Al on the solubility of Pu in this alloy, which is proposed as the donor alloy for a subsequent salt-transport step. Some preliminary work on chlorination as a head-end step, either to form volatile chlorides of Al and Si, or selectively to chlorinate Pu, was also initiated. At LLNL, progress was made toward reactivating the Bldg. 332 (Plutonium Facility) laboratory for experiments, and with writing and issuing procedures and emergency procedures for the gloveboxes and gas purification system. In the area of engineering support for laboratory feasibility demonstrations, a Preliminary Design Review for the initial laboratory-scale hardware was held, and several tasks necessary for reactivating the gloveboxes were completed. Preliminary material balances, as recommended by the technical reviewers, have been prepared as part of the project's process engineering effort. 2 refs., 4 figs.
Pittenger, L.C.; Alire, R.M.; Coops, M.S.; Landrum, J.H.; Priest, R.E.; Thompson, D.S.; Gregg, D.W.; Burris, L.; Pierce, R.D.; Morrissey, L.J.
Transmission Right Of Way
About SNR > Right Of Way About SNR > Right Of Way Right Of Way Preferred Vegetation List - Redding & Foothills (XLS - 23K) Preferred Vegetation List - Sacramento Valley (XLS - 170K) WESTERN AREA POWER ADMINISTRATION GENERAL GUIDELINES CONCERNING THE USE OF ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINE RIGHTS-OF-WAY Western Area Power Administration (Western) owns a right-of-way easement along the length of the transmission line (width varies by transmission line). Western's rights within the easement include the right to construct, reconstruct, operate, maintain, and patrol the transmission line. Rights usually reserved to the landowner include the right to cultivate, occupy, and use the land for any purpose that does not conflict with Western's use of its easement. To avoid potential conflicts, it is Western's policy to review all proposed uses within the transmission line easement. We consider (1) Safety of the public, (2) Safety of our Employees, (3) Restrictions covered in the easement, (4) Western's maintenance requirements, and (5) Protection of the transmission line structures and (6) Road or street crossings.
Open Access Transmission Tariff
Transmission | OATT Transmission | OATT Skip Navigation Links Transmission Functions Infrastructure projects Interconnection OASIS OATT Western Open Access Transmission Service Tariff Revision Western Area Power Administration submitted its revised Open Access Transmission Service Tariff with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on Sept. 30, 2009. The tariff became effective on Dec. 1, 2009, as modified by Western's March 2, 2011 compliance filing. The revised tariff was developed to comply with FERC Order No. 890 and to be consistent with Western's statutory and regulatory requirements. It addresses changes in transmission services and planning. FERC issued an order on Dec. 2, 2010, granting Western's petition for a Declaratory Order approving the tariff as an acceptable reciprocity tariff, subject to Western making a compliance filing within 30 days to address items in Attachment C, Attachment P and Attachment Q. Western made its compliance filing on March 2, 2010, addressing FERC's Dec. 2, 2010, order. FERC accepted Western's March 2, 2011 compliance filing on April 25, 2011. Western has made several ministerial filings to its OATT as part of FERC's eTariff viewer system, the last of these was approved on March 29, 2013. Further detail can be found in the links below.Current OATT
Definition: Transmission | Open Energy Information
Transmission Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Transmission An interconnected group of lines and associated equipment for the movement or transfer of electric energy...
EC Transmission Line Risk Identification and Analysis
The purpose of this document is to assist in evaluating and planning for the cost, schedule, and technical project risks associated with the delivery and operation of the EC (Electron cyclotron) transmission line system. In general, the major risks that are anticipated to be encountered during the project delivery phase associated with the implementation of the Procurement Arrangement for the EC transmission line system are associated with: (1) Undefined or changing requirements (e.g., functional or regulatory requirements) (2) Underperformance of prototype, first unit, or production components during testing (3) Unavailability of qualified vendors for critical components Technical risks associated with the design and operation of the system are also identified.
A Study of Conversion Reactions Using Electron Energy Loss
In this study, conversion mechanism in NiO was studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).
Interconnection Transmission Planning: Awards | Department of...
Interconnection Transmission Planning: Awards Interconnection Transmission Planning: Awards List of Interconnection Transmission Planning awards under the American Recovery and...
Colorado/Transmission/Agencies | Open Energy Information
ColoradoTransmissionAgencies < Colorado | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search Colorado Transmission Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary...
Electricity Transmission, A Primer | Department of Energy
Transmission, A Primer Electricity Transmission, A Primer This primer on electric transmission is intended to help policymakers understand the physics of the transmission system,...
transmission | OpenEI
transmission transmission Dataset Summary Description This dataset represents a historical repository of all the numerical data from the smartgrid.gov website condensed into spreadsheets to enable analysis of the data. Below are a couple of things worth noting: Source Smartgrid.gov Date Released March 04th, 2013 (9 months ago) Date Updated March 04th, 2013 (9 months ago) Keywords AMI costs distribution smart grid transmission Data application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 4Q12 (xlsx, 112.1 KiB) application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 3Q12 (xlsx, 107.9 KiB) application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 2Q12 (xlsx, 111.9 KiB)
Transmission line capital costs
The displacement or deferral of conventional AC transmission line installation is a key benefit associated with several technologies being developed with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management (OEM). Previous benefits assessments conducted within OEM have been based on significantly different assumptions for the average cost per mile of AC transmission line. In response to this uncertainty, an investigation of transmission line capital cost data was initiated. The objective of this study was to develop a database for preparing preliminary estimates of transmission line costs. An extensive search of potential data sources identified databases maintained by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) as superior sources of transmission line cost data. The BPA and WAPA data were adjusted to a common basis and combined together. The composite database covers voltage levels from 13.8 to 765 W, with cost estimates for a given voltage level varying depending on conductor size, tower material type, tower frame type, and number of circuits. Reported transmission line costs vary significantly, even for a given voltage level. This can usually be explained by variation in the design factors noted above and variation in environmental and land (right-of-way) costs, which are extremely site-specific. Cost estimates prepared from the composite database were compared to cost data collected by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for investor-owned utilities from across the United States. The comparison was hampered because the only design specifications included with the FERC data were voltage level and line length. Working within this limitation, the FERC data were not found to differ significantly from the composite database. Therefore, the composite database was judged to be a reasonable proxy for estimating national average costs.
Hughes, K.R.; Brown, D.R.
Electric Transmission System Workshop
Lauren Azar Lauren Azar Senior Advisor to Secretary Chu November 2, 2012 Electric Transmission System Workshop We all have "visions," in one form or another: * Corporations call them strategic plans * RTOs ... transmission expansion plans or Order 1000 plans * State PUCs ... integrated resource plans * Employees ... career goals Visions for the Future Artist: Paolo Frattesi Artist: Paolo Frattesi Uncertainty = changing industry Changes in technology, threats and policies Can we make decisions in the face of change? .......How can we not? Can we agree on several key design attributes for the future grid? Taking Action in the Face of Uncertainty Step 1: Establish common ground on key design attributes GTT's Proposed Key Design Attributes:
10-Yr. Transmission Plan
Power Marketing Rates Power Marketing Rates 10-Yr Transmission Plan 2012 Customer Meeting Announcement Agenda 120611 CRSP South Projects CRSP South PowerPoint Presentation CRSP South 2009-2011 Capitalized Execution CRSP North Projects CRSP North PowerPoint Presentation CRSP North 2009-2011 Capitalized Execution About Power Marketing Transmission Newsroom Business Policies Products Plan contents OASIS News features Careers No FEAR act Organization chart Plan processes Functions News releases Doing business Privacy policy History General power contract provisions OATT Revisions Fact sheets Energy Services Accessibility Financial information Rates and Repayment Interconnection Publications EPTC Adobe PDF Power projects EPAMP Infrastructure projects Federal Register Notices
Merchant Transmission Investment
merchant transmission model of the type described above, though Australia has adopted a mixed merchant and regu- 6 lated transmission model.3 However, recent academic proposals,4 as well as FERC�s July 2002 Standard Market Design (SMD) proposals, call... that a nodal or locational marginal pricing (LMP) system is in place with attributes similar to those being proposed by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in its SMD proposals and to what is in operation in New 3Two merchant lines...
Joskow, Paul; Tirole, Jean
NREL: Energy Analysis: Transmission Infrastructure
Transmission Infrastructure Transmission Infrastructure Grid expansion and planning to allow large scale deployment of renewable generation Large scale deployment of renewable electricity generation will require additional transmission to connect renewable resources, which are wide-spread across the US, but regionally-constrained, to load centers. Long-term transmission planning, based on potential future growth in electric loads and generation resource expansion options, is critical to maintaining the necessary flexibility required for a reliable and robust transmission system. NREL's analyses support transmission infrastructure planning and expansion to enable large-scale deployment of renewable energy in the future. NREL's transmission infrastructure expansion and planning analyses show
Printed circuit dispersive transmission line
A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission line between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other. 5 figures.
Ikezi, H.; Lin-Liu, Y.R.; DeGrassie, J.S.
A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission line between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other.
Ikezi, Hiroyuki (Rancho Santa Fe, CA); Lin-Liu, Yuh-Ren (San Diego, CA); DeGrassie, John S. (Encinitas, CA)
A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission lines between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other. 5 figs.
Ikezi, Hiroyuki; Lin-Liu, Yuh-Ren; deGrassie, J.S.
Transmission SEAB Presentation
Overcoming Overcoming Institutional Barriers to Infrastructure Development Lauren Azar Senior Advisor to the Secretary U.S. Department of Energy January 31, 2012 Lauren"s Initiatives 1. Rapid Response Team for Transmission 2. Power Marketing Administrations 3. Project Development in the Southwest 4. Congestion Study and NIETC Designations 5. Miscellaneous EPA Regulations Market Power
Borehole data transmission apparatus
A borehole data transmission apparatus whereby a centrifugal pump impeller(s) is used to provide a turbine stage having substantial pressure characteristics in response to changing rotational speed of a shaft for the pressure pulsing of data from the borehole through the drilling mud to the surface of the earth.
Kotlyar, Oleg M. (1739 Grandview #2, Idaho Falls, ID 83402)
Autonomous data transmission apparatus
A autonomous borehole data transmission apparatus for transmitting measurement data from measuring instruments at the downhole end of a drill string by generating pressure pulses utilizing a transducer longitudinally responsive to magnetic field pulses caused by electrical pulses corresponding to the measured downhole parameters.
Kotlyar, Oleg M. (4675 W. 3825 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84120)
involves the construction of an approximate 1000 mile HVAC and HVDC transmission project from British ACSR. (Northern Segment) b) A 3000 MVA, 500 kV HVAC to +/-500 kV HVDC Converter at the NEO Station. c) A +/-500 kV HVDC line from the NEO Station to the proposed Collinsville Substation in the San Francisco Bay
LAP Transmission Rate
LAP Transmission Rate 4.50 4.00 3.82 3.50 3.00 of 2.50 c 0 2.I2 2.68 I 3: 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012...
Transmission Services J7000
C T D E S E R T S O U T H W E S T R E G I O N R O C K Y M O U N T A I N R E G I O N Transmission Services J7000 Ensuring the Reliability of the Bulk Electric System Western's...
Transmission planning in China
Though China is well along in restructuring its power markets, it still has some way to travel before economic considerations receive adequate weight in transmission planning decisions. Adoption of more sophisticated tools such as multi-agent modeling will help China continue in its progress in achieving this. (author)
Dong, Jun; Zhang, Jing
A borehole data transmission apparatus is described whereby a centrifugal pump impeller(s) is used to provide a turbine stage having substantial pressure characteristics in response to changing rotational speed of a shaft for the pressure pulsing of data from the borehole through the drilling mud to the surface of the earth.
Kotlyar, O.M.
Omega Transmission Lines
In this paper, we show how bi-anisotropic media with omega-type response can be realized using periodically loaded transmission lines. General conditions for the needed unit cell circuit block are derived. Also, an implementation is shown and analyzed.
Vehmas, Joni
Transmission Enhancement Technology Report
to increase transmission capability. Section 3 documents existing technologies used in the industry today the traditional types of design alternatives used by Western and the electric industry. The primary system operate at three times the ampacity of Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) conductor and has a much
A autonomous borehole data transmission apparatus is described for transmitting measurement data from measuring instruments at the downhole end of a drill string by generating pressure pulses utilizing a transducer longitudinally responsive to magnetic field pulses caused by electrical pulses corresponding to the measured downhole parameters. 4 figs.
Application of Precession Electron Diffraction in Density ...
In this paper, GND density calculations obtained using SEM-based EBSD and transmission electron microscope-based PED techniques in ?+? titanium alloys�...
The water ice rich surface of (145453) 2005 RR43: a case for a carbon-depleted population of TNOs?
Recent results suggest that there is a group of TNOs (2003 EL61 being the biggest member), with surfaces composed of almost pure water ice and with very similar orbital elements. We study the surface composition of another TNO that moves in a similar orbit, 2005 RR43, and compare it with the surface composition of the other members of this group. We report visible and near-infrared spectra, obtained with the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope and the 3.58m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo at the "Roque de los Muchachos" Observatory (La Palma, Spain). The spectrum of 2005 RR43 is neutral in color in the visible and dominated by very deep water ice absorption bands in the near infrared (D= 70.3 +/- 2.1 % and 82.8 +/- 4.9 % at 1.5 \\mu and 2.0 \\mu respectively). It is very similar to the spectrum of the group of TNOs already mentioned. All of them present much deeper water ice absorption bands (D>40 %) than any other TNO except Charon. Scattering models show that its surface is covered by water ice, a significant fraction in crytalline state with no trace (5 % upper limit) of complex organics. Possible scenarios to explain the existence of this population of TNOs are discussed: a giant collision, an originally carbon depleted composition, or a common process of continuous resurfacing. We conclude that TNO 2005 RR43 is member of a group, may be a population, of TNOs clustered in the space of orbital parameters that show abundant water ice and no signs of complex organics. The lack of complex organics in their surfaces suggests a significant smaller fraction of carbonaceous volatiles like CH4 in this population than in "normal" TNOs. A carbon depleted population of TNOs could be the origin of the population of carbon depleted Jupiter family comets already noticed by A'Hearn et al. (1995).
N. Pinilla-Alonso; J. Licandro; R. Gil-Hutton; R. Brunetto
The mass and radius of the M-dwarf in the short period eclipsing binary RR Caeli
We present new photometry and spectroscopy of the eclipsing white dwarf - M-dwarf binary star RR Cae. We use timings of the primary eclipse from white-light photo-electric photometry to derive a new ephemeris for the eclipses. We find no evidence for any period change greater than Pdot/P ~ 5E-12 over a timescale of 10 years. We have measured the effective temperature of the white dwarf, T_WD, from an analysis of two high resolution spectra of RR Cae and find T_WD = (7540 +- 175)K. We estimate a spectral type of M4 for the companion from the same spectra. We have combined new spectroscopic orbits for the white dwarf and M-dwarf with an analysis of the primary eclipse and cooling models for helium white dwarfs to measure the mass and radius of the M-dwarf. The mass of the M-dwarf is (0.182 - 0.183) +- 0.013 Msun and the radius is (0.203 - 0.215) +- 0.013 Rsun, where the ranges quoted for these values reflect the range of white dwarf models used. In contrast to previous studies, which lacked a spectroscopic orbit for the white dwarf, we find that the mass and radius of the M-dwarf are normal for an M4 dwarf. The mass of the white dwarf is (0.440 +-0.022) Msun. With these revised masses and radii we find that RR Cae will become a cataclysmic variable star when the orbital period is reduced from its current value of 7.3 hours to 121 minutes by magnetic braking in 9-20 Gyr. We note that there is night-to-night variability of a few seconds in the timing of primary eclipse caused by changes to the shape of the primary eclipse. We speculate as to the possible causes of this phenomenon. (Abridged)
P. F. L. Maxted; D. O'Donoghue; L. Morales-Rueda; R. Napiwotzki
IFUP-TH/2003/16 hep-th/0304098 A Torsion Correction to the RR 4-Form Fieldstrength
The shifted quantization condition of the M-theory 4-form G4 is well-known. The most naive generalization to type IIA string theory fails, an orientifold fourplane counterexample was found by Hori in hep-th/9805141. In this note we use D2-brane anomaly cancellation to find the corresponding shifted quantitization condition in IIA. Our analysis is consistent with the known O4-plane tensions if we include a torsion correction to the usual construction of G4 from C3, B and G2. The resulting Bianchi identities enforce that RR fluxes lift to K-theory classes.
Jarah Evslin
Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten
Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long (New York) Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long (New York) < Back Eligibility Commercial Fuel Distributor Investor-Owned Utility Municipal/Public Utility Rural Electric Cooperative Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State New York Program Type Siting and Permitting Provider New York State Public Service Commission Any person who wishes to construct an electric or gas transmission line that is more than ten miles long must file documents describing the construction plans and potential land use and environmental impacts of the proposed transmission line. The regulations describe application and review
Transmission Developers Inc.
% ~ % ~ Transmission Developers Inc. July 7, 2011 Mr. Anthony J. Como Director, Permitting and Siting Office ofElectricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE-20) U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence A venue SW, Room 8G-024 Washington, D.C. 20585 Subject: Champlain Hudson Power Express Project U.S. Department of Energy Presidential Permit Application PP-362 Dear Mr. Como: On January 25, 2010, Transmission Developers, Inc. ("TDI'' or "Applicants") submitted on behalf of Champlain Hudson Power Express, Inc. ("CHPEI") an application to the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") for a Presidential Permit and an amendment on August 5, 2010 (collectively, the "Application") in connection with the Champlain Hudson Power Express
Drill string transmission line
A transmission line assembly for transmitting information along a downhole tool comprising a pin end, a box end, and a central bore traveling between the pin end and the box end, is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a protective conduit. A transmission line is routed through the protective conduit. The protective conduit is routed through the central bore and the ends of the protective conduit are routed through channels formed in the pin end and box end of the downhole tool. The protective conduit is elastically forced into a spiral or other non-linear path along the interior surface of the central bore by compressing the protective conduit to a length within the downhole tool shorter than the protective conduit.
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT); Pixton, David S. (Lehi, UT); Bradford, Kline (Orem, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT)
Transmission Siting_071508.indd
Coordinating Interstate Electric Coordinating Interstate Electric Transmission Siting: An Introduction to the Debate The National Council on Electricity Policy 2 DISCLAIMER: The National Council on Electricity Policy is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The views and opinions expressed herein are strictly those of the authors and may not necessarily agree with the positions of the National Council on Electricity Policy, its committ ee members or the organizations they represent, the National Council funders, or those who commented on the paper during its draft ing. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Coordinating Interstate Electric Transmission Siting: An Introduction to the Debate was prepared with the fi nancial assistance of a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Offi ce of Electricity Delivery
Discovery of > 200 RR Lyrae Variables in M62: An Oosterhoff I Globular Cluster with a Predominantly Blue HB
We report on the discovery of a large number of RR Lyrae variable stars in the moderately metal-rich Galactic globular cluster M62 (NGC 6266), which places it among the top three most RR Lyrae-rich globular clusters known. Likely members of the cluster in our studied field, from our preliminary number counts, include about 130 fundamental-mode (RRab) pulsators, with = 0.548 d, and about 75 first-overtone (RRc) pulsators, with = 0.300 d. The average periods and the position of the RRab variables with well-defined light curves in the Bailey diagram both suggest that the cluster is of Oosterhoff type I. However, the morphology of the cluster's horizontal branch (HB) is strikingly similar to that of the Oosterhoff type II globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078), with a dominant blue HB component and a very extended blue tail. Since M15 and M62 differ in metallicity by about one dex, we conclude that metallicity, at a fixed HB type, is a key parameter determining the Oosterhoff status of a globular cluster and the posit...
Contreras, R; Smith, H A; Pritzl, B J; Borissova, J
We report on the discovery of a large number of RR Lyrae variable stars in the moderately metal-rich Galactic globular cluster M62 (NGC 6266), which places it among the top three most RR Lyrae-rich globular clusters known. Likely members of the cluster in our studied field, from our preliminary number counts, include about 130 fundamental-mode (RRab) pulsators, with = 0.548 d, and about 75 first-overtone (RRc) pulsators, with = 0.300 d. The average periods and the position of the RRab variables with well-defined light curves in the Bailey diagram both suggest that the cluster is of Oosterhoff type I. However, the morphology of the cluster's horizontal branch (HB) is strikingly similar to that of the Oosterhoff type II globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078), with a dominant blue HB component and a very extended blue tail. Since M15 and M62 differ in metallicity by about one dex, we conclude that metallicity, at a fixed HB type, is a key parameter determining the Oosterhoff status of a globular cluster and the position of its variables in the Bailey diagram.
R. Contreras; M. Catelan; H. A. Smith; B. J. Pritzl; J. Borissova
A Smarter Transmission Grid
Our modern transmission grid transports bulk power over long distances and across many provincial boundaries, but ever-increasing energy demands are significantly transforming it. Worldwide, many catalysts are driving this transformation, including emerging supply- and demand-side technologies, cyber security concerns, and aging infrastructures, to name just a few. As the grid transforms and more grid-connected renewable resources complicate reliability, it will be increasingly difficult to meet its futu...
Transmission Price Risk Management
This report is concerned with the financial risks that arise from the uncertain price of transmission service in restructured or competitive electricity markets. These risks are most severe in markets with locational pricing (LMP), but they also exist in more traditionally organized electricity markets. This report has two main purposes. The first is to review the existing mathematical models of electricity price formation in spot and forward markets that may be helpful as the foundations for developing ...
Green Transmission Efficiency Initiative
As a consequence of escalating interest in the environment and climate changea national focus on energy efficiency, and growing electricity demandthe time is right to assess energy efficiency from both an end-use perspective as well as across the utility value chain, from generation, to transmission, to distribution. The reduction of our carbon footprint and increasing the role of renewable energy are an important part of the strategy for the greening for electric energy supply. As a result, efficient po...
Instrument Series: Microscopy Aberration-Corrected Scanning/Transmission
Aberration-Corrected Aberration-Corrected Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscope EMSL's aberration-corrected Titan 80-300(tm) scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) provides high-resolution imaging with sub-angstrom resolution and spectroscopic capabilities. This state-of-the-art instrument is equipped with a Schottky field-emission electron source, an electron gun monochromator, CEOS hexapole spherical aberration corrector for the probe-forming lens, high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector, an X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and a high-resolution Gatan Imaging Filter (GIF). The selection of electron energy between 80 kV and 300 kV enables optimized imaging for a variety of samples, including electron beam sensitive materials. Research Applications
Free electron laser
A high gain, single-pass free electron laser formed of a high brilliance electron injector source, a linear accelerator which imparts high energy to the electron beam, and an undulator capable of extremely high magnetic fields, yet with a very short period. The electron injector source is the first stage (gap) of the linear accelerator or a radial line transformer driven by fast circular switch. The linear accelerator is formed of a plurality of accelerating gaps arranged in series. These gaps are energized in sequence by releasing a single pulse of energy which propagates simultaneously along a plurality of transmission lines, each of which feeds the gaps. The transmission lines are graduated in length so that pulse power is present at each gap as the accelerated electrons pass therethrough. The transmission lines for each gap are open circuited at their ends. The undualtor has a structure similar to the accelerator, except that the transmission lines for each gap are substantially short circuited at their ends, thus converting the electric field into magnetic field. A small amount of resistance is retained in order to generate a small electric field for replenishing the electron bunch with the energy lost as it traverses through the undulator structure.
Villa, Francesco (Alameda, CA)
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. XI. RR Lyrae Stars in the Galactic Bulge
The eleventh part of the OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars (OIII-CVS) contains 16836 RR Lyr stars detected in the OGLE fields toward the Galactic bulge. The total sample is composed of 11756 RR Lyr stars pulsating in the fundamental mode (RRab), 4989 overtone pulsators (RRc), and 91 double-mode (RRd) stars. About 400 RR Lyr stars are members of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy. The catalog includes the time-series photometry collected in the course of the OGLE survey, basic parameters of the stars, finding charts, and cross-identifications with other catalogs of RR Lyr stars toward the Milky Way center. We notice that some RRd stars in the Galactic bulge show unusually short periods and small ratio of periods, down to P_F=0.35 days and P_1O/P_F=0.726. In the Petersen diagram double-mode RR Lyr stars form a parabola-like structure, which connects shorter- and longer-period RRd stars. We show that the unique properties of the bulge RRd stars may be explained by allowing for the wide range of the metal a...
Soszynski, I; Udalski, A; Poleski, R; Szymanski, M K; Kubiak, M; Pietrzynski, G; Wyrzykowski, L; Ulaczyk, K; Kozlowski, S; Pietrukowicz, P
Electron Microscopy Lab
Facilities » Facilities » Electron Microscopy Lab Electron Microscopy Lab Focusing on the study of microstructures with electron and ion beam instruments, including crystallographic and chemical techniques. April 12, 2012 Transmission electron microscope Rob Dickerson examines a multiphase oxide scale using the FEI Titan 80-300 transmission electron microscope. Contact Rob Dickerson (505) 667-6337 Email Rod McCabe (505) 606-1649 Email Pat Dickerson (505) 665-3036 Email Tom Wynn (505) 665-6861 Email Dedicated to the characterization of materials through imaging, chemical, and crystallographic analyses of material microstructures in support of Basic Energy Science, Laboratory Directed Research and Development, DoD, DOE, Work for Others, nuclear energy, and weapons programs. Go to full website »
Electron Microscopy | Center for Functional Nanomaterials
Electron Microscopy Facility Electron Microscopy Facility Electron Microscopy This facility consists of four top-of-the line transmission electron microscopes, two of which are highly specialized instruments capable of extreme levels of resolution, achieved through spherical aberration correction. The facility is also equipped with extensive sample-preparation capabilities. The scientific interests of the staff focus on understanding the microscopic origin of the physical and chemical behavior of materials, with specific emphasis on in-situ studies of materials in native, functional environments. Capabilities Atomic-resolution imaging of internal materials structure with scanning transmission and transmission electron microscopy Spectroscopic characterization with energy dispersive x-ray
WestConnect Transmission Product
WestConnect Transmission Product Federal Register Notices Customer Notifications Customer Comments Approved Rate Order FERC Confirmation...
Transmission eigenvalues for elliptic operators
A reduction of the transmission eigenvalue problem for multiplicative sign-definite perturbations of elliptic operators with constant coefficients to an eigenvalue problem for a non-selfadjoint compact operator is given. Sufficient conditions for the existence of transmission eigenvalues and completeness of generalized eigenstates for the transmission eigenvalue problem are derived. In the trace class case, the generic existence of transmission eigenvalues is established.
Michael Hitrik; Katsiaryna Krupchyk; Petri Ola; Lassi P�iv�rinta
Electricity Transmission and Distribution Technologies ...
Electricity Transmission and Distribution Technologies Available for Licensing U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories and participating research ...
Transmission Planning | Department of Energy
that will improve advanced system monitoring, visualization, control, operations, and market structure will ultimately modernize the electricity transmission infrastructure to...
B. Kirby. 2001. Transmission Planning for a Restructuringindustry_issues/energy_infrastructure/transmission/transmission_hirst.pdf Joskow, P.L. 2005a. �Transmission
Mills, Andrew; Wiser, Ryan; Porter, Kevin
The Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies
Certificates of Need for Transmission Lines to Support theMontana-Alberta Tie 230 kV Transmission Line: TransmissionNorthern California Transmission Line Project, Technical
Mills, Andrew D.
Repetitively pumped electron beam device
Disclosed is an apparatus for producing fast, repetitive pulses of controllable length of an electron beam by phased energy storage in a transmission line of length matched to the number of pulses and specific pulse lengths desired. 12 figs.
Schlitt, L.G.
Apparatus for producing fast, repetitive pulses of controllable length of an electron beam by phased energy storage in a transmission line of length matched to the number of pulses and specific pulse lengths desired.
Schlitt, Leland G. (Livermore, CA)
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Transmission Planning and Analysis
Transmission Planning and Analysis Transmission Planning and Analysis Thumbnail of map the United States that shows wind resources and transmission lines. Enlarge image This map shows the location of wind resources and transmission lines in the United States. See a larger image or state maps. NREL researchers are engaged in transmission planning and analysis to strengthen the electric power system through the integration of solar and wind power. As demand for electricity increases, electric power system operators must plan for and construct new generation and transmission lines. However, variable generation such as solar and wind power plants are often located far from the loads they serve. They depend on transmission lines to transport the electricity they produce to load centers. NREL is working with industry and utilities to address issues related to
Bulk Power Transmission Study
"Texans now have a choice. We can become more efficient and maintain our standard of living, or we can continue business as usual and watch our standard of living erode from competition from other regions. In the past, except for improving reliability, there was no need for a strong transmission system. When Texas generation was primarily gas fueled, the extensive natural gas pipeline network moved energy easily within the state. In recent years two things have changed: 1. Electric utilities have made extensive investment in lignite, coal, and nuclear plants and, 2. Improvements in gas turbine technology and the removal of institutional barriers has encouraged cogeneration at many of our energy intensive process industries. This energy diversity means that there are now significant differences in energy costs between units. The variable costs of generation of power can vary between units by a ratio of 2 or 3 to 1 and this difference will be accentuated when energy costs rise (and they will; it�s a question of when, not if). The potential for costs savings by optional dispatching of the entire interconnected system are greater than ever before as demonstrated by the PUC's Bulk Power Transmission Study. And the potential can be enhanced with added transmission system investment. Cogeneration and small power production has proven to be the most cost effective way for Texas to add additional generating capacity needed to supply an economy that is starting to rebound and to replace old, obsolete power plants. The freedom to locate these facilities at the fuel source or at the site of large thermal demand makes real economic and environmental sense. The use of renewable or waste fuels allows something that would otherwise be wasted to contribute to our economy. Fossil fuels that are displaced can be redirected to another use or consumed for future benefit. By integrating a gas turbine generator with a. process plant, the natural gas required for producing electricity can be reduced by 40% below that required for a combined cycle. The heat rejected from a gas turbine, combined cycle, or steam plant can be redirected to a process use that contributes to our economy by producing something of value to world markets. By contrast a conventional power plant is paid for by the rate payers and consumes Texas natural resources and therefore is a burden rather than an enhancement to our economy. The optimal location of facilities are possible only if there is an adequate transmission system. Utility, consumer and industry must cooperate to improve our transmission system for the benefit of all Texas. The Texas Public Utilities Commission has taken the lead in promoting efficiency by requiring transmission wheeling between qualifying facilities and electric utilities. Several cogeneration facilities have been constructed as a result. In order to encourage small power production, the rule needs to be expanded to include projects interconnected with distribution systems. Most renewable resource projects are relatively small and cannot afford the cost of a high voltage interconnect, and yet their characteristics match a baseload need. The ability to wheel power to a utility that needs base load power from a distribution level interconnection is essential to development of these smaller projects."
John, T.
Electric Transmission Line Siting Compact
Electric Transmission Line Siting Compact Electric Transmission Line Siting Compact 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2 ARTICLE I 3 PURPOSE 4 5 Siting electric transmission lines across state borders and federal lands is an issue for states, the 6 federal government, transmission utilities, consumers, environmentalists, and other stakeholders. 7 The current, multi-year application review process by separate and equal jurisdictions constitutes 8 a sometimes inefficient and redundant process for transmission companies and complicates the 9 efforts of state and federal policy-makers and other stakeholders to develop more robust 10 economic opportunities, increase grid reliability and security, and ensure the consumers have the 11 lowest cost electricity possible. 12
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Publications
Publications Publications Want updates about future transmission grid integration webinars and publications? Join our mailing list. NREL has an extensive collection of publications related to transmission integration research. Explore the resources below to learn more. Selected Project Publications Read selected publications related to these transmission integration projects: Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Eastern Renewable Generation Integration Study Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integration of Variable generation (FESTIV) Active power controls Forecasting Grid Simulation. NREL Publications Database NREL's publications database offers a variety of documents related to transmission integration that were written by NREL staff and
Transmission SEAB Presentation Transmission SEAB Presentation Transmission SEAB Presentation More Documents & Publications Proceedings of the March 25-26, 2009 Conference for the...
stability� analysis�of�transmission�and�distribution�Voltage�Recovery,�NERC�Transmission�Issues� Subcommitte�Air�Conditioner�Response�to�Transmission�Faults. ��,��IEEE�
Lesieutre, Bernard
Flexible Transmission in the Smart Grid
differences: models for transmission property rights,� IEEEto solve power transmission network design problems,� IEEES. A. "Network topologies and transmission investment under
Hedman, Kory Walter
Georgia Transmission Corp | Open Energy Information
Georgia Transmission Corp Place Georgia Utility Id 7197 Utility Location Yes Ownership T NERC Location SERC NERC SERC Yes Activity Transmission Yes Activity Buying Transmission Yes...
Optical Fibers for Transmission, John Wiley and Sons, 9.Laboratories, Transmission Systems for Communications, BellANALOG FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM G. Stover M.S. Thesis
Stover, G.
Definition: Transmission Customer | Open Energy Information
Load-Serving Entity, or Purchasing-Selling Entity.1 Related Terms transmission service, transmission lines, transmission line References Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability...
Definition: Transmission Owner | Open Energy Information
facilities.1 Related Terms Transmission Operatortransmission lines, transmission line, transmission lines References Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An in...
Automated manual transmission clutch controller
Lawrie, Robert E. (9375 Kearney Rd., Whitmore Lake, MI 48189); Reed, Jr., Richard G. (3003 Bembridge, Royal Oak, MI 48073); Rausen, David J. (519 S. Gaylord St., Denver, CO 80209)
Transmission Workshop | Department of Energy
DOE Grid Tech Team » Activities/Outreach » GTT DOE Grid Tech Team » Activities/Outreach » GTT Activities » Transmission Workshop Transmission Workshop Transmission Workshop GTT Transmission Workshop - November 1-2, 2012 On November 1-2, 2012, the GTT presented a workshop on grid integration on the transmission system at the DoubleTree Crystal City near Washington, DC. A draft of the DOE Action Plan Addressing the Electricity Transmission System was discussed during the workshop, which addressed the challenges and opportunities presented by the integration of 21st century energy technologies into the electricity transmission system. Parallel sessions addressed the challenges and opportunities of modernizing the grid and drilled down into key technology areas associated with each of these: System visibility: what advances are needed to "see" the state of
STA'IT':MENT OF CONSIDERATIONS ADVANCE CLASS WAIVER OF PATENT RrGHTS FOR TF,CHNOLOGY
STA'IT':MENT OF CONSIDERATIONS ADVANCE CLASS WAIVER OF PATENT RrGHTS FOR TF,CHNOLOGY DEVELOPED UNDER THE OFFICE OF BIOMASS PROGRAM FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNPUNCEMENT, "RECOVERY ACT: DEVELOPMENT OF ALGAL/ADVANCED BlOFUELSCONSORTIA", nE-FOA-OOOOl2~, W(C) 2009-0 J2 This advance waivcrwill expediteimplementationoftbe American RC()overy and ReltWcstmenl Aet of2009 (""Recovery-Act') and is intended to apply 10 inventions of all current andfhmrerecipients; including subrecipicnts,awarded under the Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), ":Recovery Act: Deue!opmtmt oJAlgalIAd\:anced Biofuels CONsortia." regardless oftier, except recipients eligible to obtain title pursuant to P.L: 96:-517; as amended,and Nati{)fialLabo'i'atories.
A multilayer grating with a novel layer structure for a flat-field spectrograph attached to transmission electron microscopes in energy region of 2-4 keV
A multilayer mirror with a novel layer structure to uniformly enhance the reflectivity in a few keV energy range at a fixed angle of incidence is invented and applied to a multilayer grating for use in a flat-field spectrograph attached to a conventional electron microscope. The diffraction efficiency of the fabricated multilayer grating having the new layer structure is evaluated at the angle of incidence of 88.65 deg. in the energy region of 2.1-4.0 keV. It is shown that the multilayer grating is effective to uniformly enhance the diffraction efficiency and able to be practically used in this energy region.
Imazono, T.; Koike, M.; Koeda, M.; Nagano, T.; Sasai, H.; Oue, Y.; Yonezawa, Z.; Kuramoto, S.; Terauchi, M.; Takahashi, H.; Handa, N.; Murano, T. [QuBS, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215 (Japan); Device Dept., Shimadzu Corp., 1 Nishinokyo-Kuwabarcho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511 (Japan); IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); EC Business Unit, JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558 (Japan)
Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Transmission-Line Metamaterials
Terahertz Transmission-Line Metamaterials . . . . . . .CRLH Transmission Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Terahertz CRLH Transmission-Line Metamaterials . . . . . . .
Tavallaee, Amir Ali
DOE Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor...
DOE Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations DOE Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations DOE Affirms National Interest...
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. IX. RR Lyrae Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
The ninth part of the OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars (OIII-CVS) comprises RR Lyrae stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Our sample consists of 2475 variables, of which 1933 pulsate in the fundamental mode (RRab), 175 are the first overtone pulsators (RRc), 258 oscillate simultaneously in both modes (RRd) and 109 stars are suspected second-overtone pulsators (RRe). 30 objects are Galactic RR Lyr stars seen in the foreground of the SMC. We discuss some statistical features of the sample. Period distributions show distinct differences between SMC and LMC populations of RR Lyr variables, with the SMC stars having on average longer periods. The mean periods for RRab, RRc and RRe stars are 0.596, 0.366 and 0.293 days, respectively. The mean apparent magnitudes of RRab stars are equal to 19.70 mag in the V band and 19.12 mag in the I band. Spatial distribution of RR Lyr stars shows that the halo of the SMC is roughly round in the sky, however the density map reveals two maxima near the center of the SMC. F...
Soszynski, I; Szymanski, M K; Kubiak, M; Pietrzynski, G; Wyrzykowski, L; Ulaczyk, K; Poleski, R
Kentucky Transmission Line Siting Methodology
EPRI, in conjunction with Georgia Transmission Corporation (GTC) and Photo Science, Inc. (PSI), developed a standardized methodology for siting overhead electric transmission lines. EPRI report 1013080, EPRI-GTC Overhead Electric Transmission Line Siting Methodology, published February 2006, provides additional information. This methodology has been applied in Georgia and currently is being applied to projects in Kentucky by East Kentucky Power Cooperative and E.ON U.S. on behalf of Louisville Gas and El...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Webmaster
reply. Your name: Your email address: Your message: Send Message Printable Version Transmission Grid Integration Home Issues Projects Research Staff Working with Us Publications...
DOE Electricity Transmission System Workshop
(including regional diversity, AC-DC transmission and distribution solutions, microgrids, energy storage, and centralized-decentralized control) * Accommodates two-way flows...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Projects
Generation Integration Study Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission SIND Toolkit Electricity Market Design Energy Imbalance Markets Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for...
The interior transmission problem and bounds on transmission eigenvalues
We study the interior transmission eigenvalue problem for sign-definite multiplicative perturbations of the Laplacian in a bounded domain. We show that all but finitely many complex transmission eigenvalues are confined to a parabolic neighborhood of the positive real axis.
Hitrik, Michael; Ola, Petri; P�iv�rinta, Lassi
Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy | Department of Energy
Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Transmission lines are the critical link between the point of electricity generation and consumers. The U.S. transmission grid infrastructure is owned and operated by approximately 3,000 distribution utilities and 500 transmission owners. This structure presents a distinct set of challenges in transmission planning, siting, cost allocation, grid operations and management, technological innovation, financing and construction. The development and deployment of a national strategy on transmission that meets the needs of all parties is extremely complex; however, a solution is desperately needed. Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy More Documents & Publications Draft Chapter 4: Transmission Adequacy
Duke Energy's Transmission Roadmap Initiative
Duke Energy's Transmission Roadmap Initiative advances a vision for development of a power delivery communications and automation infrastructure. The initiative describes performance of a communications upgrade to substations, implementation of select technologies and applications, and integration of enterprise applications, databases, and systems. This report provides a comprehensive view of Duke's Transmission Roadmap Initiative, with a complete technology assessment, infrastructure overview, and discu...
Semiclassical transmission across transition states
It is shown that the probability of quantum-mechanical transmission across a phase space bottleneck can be compactly approximated using an operator derived from a complex Poincar\\'e return map. This result uniformly incorporates tunnelling effects with classically-allowed transmission and generalises a result previously derived for a classically small region of phase space.
Stephen C. Creagh
HVDC power transmission technology assessment
The purpose of this study was to develop an assessment of the national utility system`s needs for electric transmission during the period 1995-2020 that could be met by future reduced-cost HVDC systems. The assessment was to include an economic evaluation of HVDC as a means for meeting those needs as well as a comparison with competing technologies such as ac transmission with and without Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers. The role of force commutated dc converters was to be assumed where appropriate. The assessment begins by identifying the general needs for transmission in the U.S. in the context of a future deregulated power industry. The possible roles for direct current transmission are then postulated in terms of representative scenarios. A few of the scenarios are illustrated with the help of actual U.S. system examples. non-traditional applications as well as traditional applications such as long lines and asynchronous interconnections are discussed. The classical ``break-even distance`` concept for comparing HVDC and ac lines is used to assess the selected scenarios. The impact of reduced-cost converters is reflected in terms of the break-even distance. This report presents a comprehensive review of the functional benefits of HVDC transmission and updated cost data for both ac and dc system components. It also provides some provocative thoughts on how direct current transmission might be applied to better utilize and expand our nation`s increasingly stressed transmission assets.
Hauth, R.L.; Tatro, P.J.; Railing, B.D. [New England Power Service Co., Westborough, MA (United States); Johnson, B.K.; Stewart, J.R. [Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, NY (United States); Fink, J.L.
ITC Transmission | Open Energy Information
ITC Transmission ITC Transmission Jump to: navigation, search Name ITC Transmission Place Michigan Utility Id 56068 Utility Location Yes Ownership T NERC RFC Yes ISO MISO Yes Activity Transmission Yes Alt Fuel Vehicle Yes Alt Fuel Vehicle2 Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png No rate schedules available. Average Rates No Rates Available References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=ITC_Transmission&oldid=410858" Categories: EIA Utility Companies and Aliases Utility
How should the WECC�s RTEP process develop a 10-year transmission plan based upon transmission studies completed over the past several years? This paper explores the notion of a �plan � that consists of a package containing a small number of �contingent plans � that would correspond to a limited number of future states of the world by 2020. The rationale for developing transmission plans on a contingent basis is based on the following observations. Contingencies. Insights from TEPPC transmission planning over the past several years indicate that the demand for future transmission expansion in the West is contingent upon a number of important drivers including: (1) Levels of state renewable portfolio standards (RPS); (2) Development of remote versus local renewable generation; (3) Load growth given DSM policies and economic growth; (4) Policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; (5) Shifts of innovation and cost competitiveness between wind and solar energy; (6) Advances in distributed generation technologies;
unknown authors
Transmission Reliability | Department of Energy
Transmission Reliability Transmission Reliability Transmission Reliability Modernizing America's electricity infrastructure is one of the U.S. Department of Energy's top priorities. The DOE Strategic Plan states that today's electric grid needs to be more efficient, reliable, and secure. A modern, smarter electric grid may save consumers money, help our economy run more efficiently, allow rapid growth in renewable energy sources, and enhance energy reliability. The Department's research into a variety of tools that will improve advanced system monitoring, visualization, control, operations, and market structure will ultimately modernize the electricity transmission infrastructure to ease congestion, allow for increases in demand, and provide a greater degree of security. The Transmission Reliability Program is aligned with this strategic plan
Regional Transmission Projects: Finding Solutions
The Keystone Center convened and facilitated a year-long Dialogue on "Regional Transmission Projects: Finding Solutions" to develop recommendations that will help address the difficult and contentious issues related to expansions of regional electric transmission systems that are needed for reliable and economic transmission of power within and across regions. This effort brought together a cross-section of affected stakeholders and thought leaders to address the problem with the collective wisdom of their experience and interests. Transmission owners sat at the table with consumer advocates and environmental organizations. Representatives from regional transmission organizations exchanged ideas with state and federal regulators. Generation developers explored common interests with public power suppliers. Together, the Dialogue participants developed consensus solutions about how to begin unraveling some of the more intractable issues surrounding identification of need, allocation of costs, and reaching consensus on siting issues that can frustrate the development of regional transmission infrastructure. The recommendations fall into three broad categories: 1. Recommendations on appropriate institutional arrangements and processes for achieving regional consensus on the need for new or expanded transmission infrastructure 2. Recommendations on the process for siting of transmission lines 3. Recommendations on the tools needed to support regional planning, cost allocation, and siting efforts. List of Dialogue participants: List of Dialogue Participants: American Electric Power American Transmission Company American Wind Energy Association California ISO Calpine Corporation Cinergy Edison Electric Institute Environmental Defense Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Great River Energy International Transmission Company ISO-New England Iowa Public Utility Board Kanner & Associates Midwest ISO National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates National Grid Northeast Utilities PA Office of Consumer Advocates Pacific Gas & Electric Corporation Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission PJM Interconnection The Electricity Consumers Resource Council U.S. Department of Energy US Department of the Interior Van Ness Feldman Western Interstate Energy Board Wind on the Wires Wisconsin Public Service Commission Xcel Energy
The Keystone Center
Energy Transmission and Infrastructure
The objective of Energy Transmission and Infrastructure Northern Ohio (OH) was to lay the conceptual and analytical foundation for an energy economy in northern Ohio that will: � improve the efficiency with which energy is used in the residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and transportation sectors for Oberlin, Ohio as a district-wide model for Congressional District OH-09; � identify the potential to deploy wind and solar technologies and the most effective configuration for the regional energy system (i.e., the ratio of distributed or centralized power generation); � analyze the potential within the district to utilize farm wastes to produce biofuels; � enhance long-term energy security by identifying ways to deploy local resources and building Ohio-based enterprises; � identify the policy, regulatory, and financial barriers impeding development of a new energy system; and � improve energy infrastructure within Congressional District OH-09. This objective of laying the foundation for a renewable energy system in Ohio was achieved through four primary areas of activity: 1. district-wide energy infrastructure assessments and alternative-energy transmission studies; 2. energy infrastructure improvement projects undertaken by American Municipal Power (AMP) affiliates in the northern Ohio communities of Elmore, Oak Harbor, and Wellington; 3. Oberlin, OH-area energy assessment initiatives; and 4. a district-wide conference held in September 2011 to disseminate year-one findings. The grant supported 17 research studies by leading energy, policy, and financial specialists, including studies on: current energy use in the district and the Oberlin area; regional potential for energy generation from renewable sources such as solar power, wind, and farm-waste; energy and transportation strategies for transitioning the City of Oberlin entirely to renewable resources and considering pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transportation as well as drivers in developing transportation policies; energy audits and efficiency studies for Oberlin-area businesses and Oberlin College; identification of barriers to residential energy efficiency and development of programming to remove these barriers; mapping of the solar-photovoltaic and wind-energy supply chains in northwest Ohio; and opportunities for vehicle sharing and collaboration among the ten organizations in Lorain County from the private, government, non-profit, and educational sectors. With non-grant funds, organizations have begun or completed projects that drew on the findings of the studies, including: creation of a residential energy-efficiency program for the Oberlin community; installation of energy-efficient lighting in Oberlin College facilities; and development by the City of Oberlin and Oberlin College of a 2.27 megawatt solar photovoltaic facility that is expected to produce 3,000 megawatt-hours of renewable energy annually, 12% of the College�s yearly power needs. Implementation of these and other projects is evidence of the economic feasibility and technical effectiveness of grant-supported studies, and additional projects are expected to advance to implementation in the coming years. The public has benefited through improved energydelivery systems and reduced energy use for street lighting in Elmore, Oak Harbor, and Wellington; new opportunities for assistance and incentives for residential energy efficiency in the Oberlin community; new opportunities for financial and energy savings through vehicle collaboration within Lorain County; and decreased reliance on fossil fuels and expanded production of renewable energy in the region. The dissemination conference and the summary report developed for the conference also benefited the public, but making the findings and recommendations of the regional studies broadly available to elected officials, city managers, educators, representatives of the private sector, and the general public.
Mathison, Jane
NWCC Transmission Case Study III
OAK-B135 Transmission System Improvements for Wind Energy Development in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains: Opportunities and Obstacles. This case study set out to ascertain the validity of three assumptions from the perspectives of stakeholders involved in wind energy and transmission issues in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains. The assumptions, and the stakeholders' reactions to each, are summarized below: Assumption 1--Transmission system improvements would provide significant benefits to the electricity network and its customers. Respondents acknowledge the potential for overall system benefits in the form of reduced line losses, improved grid stability and reliability, and enhanced ability to conduct spot market transactions. They also agree that these benefits relate to specific regional needs. However, there is disagreement over the extent of other benefits such as efficiency gains and cost savings from reduced line losses. Further, environmental and community interest groups point out that none of these benefits are realized without significant financial, environmental and social costs. Assumption 2--The benefits of transmission improvements would be helpful, but not confined, to wind power. All respondents agree that wind energy could benefit from transmission system improvements. But they also acknowledge, reluctantly, in the case of environmental stakeholders, that the benefits of an improved transmission system cannot be limited to environmentally preferable forms of generation. Some environmental and community advocate respondents also feel that transmission system improvement projects can be avoided altogether through energy conservation and efficiency measures, and by substituting wind energy for fossil generation. Assumption 3--Transmission alliances among stakeholders within and external to the wind community can provide benefits in the public interest. The fractured, multi-jurisdictional governance of the regional transmission system, and the distrust and diversity of perspectives among affected stakeholders, may make the formation of multi-stakeholder alliances necessary to accomplishing transmission goals. If the wind industry and utilities want to partner with environmental and community advocate groups in supporting a transmission project, they may have to convince these groups that the project would result in a net environmental benefit. The project proponents would have to make the case that the benefits of the additional wind energy will at least offset the emissions of any additional fossil generation made possible by the transmission project, as well as offset the environmental impact of the transmission project itself.
Terry Allison, Steve Wiese
The Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission...
Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies Title The Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies Publication Type Report Year of...
Certificates of Need for Transmission Lines to Support theand Preference in Transmission Service. � Washington, D.C. :Integrating Wind into Transmission Planning: The Rocky
low unit transmission costs, there were still numerous studies with high transmission voltages that had much higher unit costs than studies with transmission lines
Transmission Planning and Wind Energy. Issue Brief. August.of new transmission for wind energy due to the complex andincreasingly including wind energy in transmission plans. We
such as major transmission lines or large generators, areto the nearest bulk transmission line is the only dedicatedon constrained transmission lines (or conversely, pay
transmission cost barrier for wind energy. A secondary goalfocus on the cost of transmission for wind energy does notincremental cost of transmission for wind energy implied by
TMS e-News: The monthly electronic newsletter for TMS
They keep silent watch over the long, dim corridor to the Carnegie-Mellon .... Transmission electron microscopy revealed a C amorphizing dose of ?5.0 � 10
NCEM National Center for Electron Microscopy: Microscopes and...
I The TEAM I microscope is a double-aberration-corrected (scanning) transmission electron microscope (STEMTEM) capable of producing images with 50 pm resolution. The basic...
Electronic Structure of Cobalt Nanocrystals Suspended in Liquid
layer made up of molecules of an organic surfactant (oleic acid). Bottom: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of cobalt nanocrystals. Scale bar 50 nm. Colloidal...
Midwest Transmission Workshop I Summary
OAK-B135 The meeting was opened with a review of the purposes of the workshop: (1) Present and discuss key studies and assessments of transmission upgrades, additions and related issues for the upper Midwest, including work that addresses the full range of views on these topics; (2) Understand the various transmission issues in the upper Midwest and discuss options for addressing the issues; and (3) Identify the decision makers and entities that need to play an active role if transmission issues are to be resolved, and agree on next steps for engaging these individuals and organizations through education, outreach, and information dissemination.
Kevin Bryan
Electrical transmission line diametrical retainer
The invention is a mechanism for retaining an electrical transmission line. In one embodiment of the invention it is a system for retaining an electrical transmission line within down hole components. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the system includes a plurality of downhole components, such as sections of pipe in a drill string. The system also includes a coaxial cable running between the first and second end of a drill pipe, the coaxial cable having a conductive tube and a conductive core within it. The invention allows the electrical transmission line to with stand the tension and compression of drill pipe during routine drilling cycles.
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT); Pixton, David (Lehi, UT); Dahlgren, Scott (Provo, UT); Sneddon, Cameron (Provo, UT); Briscoe, Michael (Lehi, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT)
Initial assessment: electromagnetic compatibility aspects of proposed SPS Microwave Power Transmission System (MPTS) operations
An analysis of major concerns with regard to the effects on radio and electronic systems by the proposed Microwave Power Transmission System for transmitting power from a satellite solar power station to earth is presented. (LCL)
Not Available
Planning Planning Transmission Planning Modernizing America's electricity infrastructure is one of the U.S. Department of Energy's top priorities. The National Transmission Grid Study (PDF 2.0 MB) made clear that without dramatic improvements and upgrades over the next decade our nation's transmission system will fall short of the reliability standards our economy requires, and will result in higher electricity costs to consumers. The Department's research into a variety of tools that will improve advanced system monitoring, visualization, control, operations, and market structure will ultimately modernize the electricity transmission infrastructure to ease congestion, allow for increases in demand, and provide a greater degree of security. The next generation supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and
National Electric Transmission Congestion Studies
Section 216(a) of the Federal Power Act, as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, directs the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a study every three years on electric transmission...
Managing Transmission Line Wood Structures
The objective of this project is to reduce capital cost by extending life expectancy of overhead transmission wood structures through inspection and assessment procedures and through aging mitigation techniques and tools.
Accounting-related transmission issues
Various initiatives have been undertaken by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to deregulate wholesale electric energy markets. These initiatives have focused on restructuring the transmission systems in the US and recently have culminated in a proposal requiring formation of and participation in regional transmission organizations. The overall form of regulation selected to determine rates for transmission entities as well as underlying regulatory decisions reached on key issues will have profound implications for transmission entities. For example, traditional cost-based regulation would require one set of accounting and reporting rules, while incentive-based regulation may not be subject to those same rules. An overview of some of the major accounting and financial reporting issues that will need to be considered is presented.
Niehaus, M.; Bjorn, P.; Pate, G.
Transmission Structure Foundation Design Guide
This guide contains the most current and comprehensive information for the design of foundations for overhead line structures. The guide covers the complete transmission structure foundation design process from the subsurface investigations and design of the foundations, to the construction and inspection of the foundation. Reference documents to assist transmission structure foundation designers in the development of specifications such as for subsurface investigations and foundation construction ...
Transmission Valuation and Cost Recovery
This technical update provides information on the status of the electric power industry regarding the economic valuation of transmission projects. Such valuations became critical with the introduction of economic transmission projects in the context of competitive electricity markets. Economic valuation is also becoming increasingly important for traditional reliability upgrades, because of the need for consistency in cost allocations between the two types of upgrades. The year 2005 has brought significa...
Transmission and distribution infrastructures throughout the world are aging. As such, inspection, assessment, and maintenance of existing facilities have become increasingly important topics. This valuable reference provides an in-depth look at all facets of an inspection, assessment, and maintenance program for transmission line wood structures to help utilities develop and refine individual maintenance programs. The report is part of a broader multi-year effort by EPRI to develop a comprehensive handb...
Automated Nonlinear Stellar Pulsation Calculations: Applications to RR Lyrae stars. The Slope of the Fundamental Blue Edge and the First RRd Model Survey
We describe a methodology that allows us to follow the pulsational behavior of an RR Lyrae model consistently and automatically along its evolutionary track throughout the whole instability strip. It is based on the powerful amplitude equation formalism, and resorts to a judicious combination of numerical hydrodynamical simulations, the analytical signal time-series analysis, and amplitude equations. A large-scale survey of the nonlinear pulsations in RR Lyr instability strip is then presented, and the mode selection mechanism is delineated throughout the relevant regions of parameter space. We obtain and examine two regions with hysteresis, where the pulsational state depends on the direction of the evolutionary tracks, namely a region with either fundamental (RRab) or first overtone (RRc) pulsations and a region with either fundamental (RRab) or double-mode (RRd) pulsations. The regions where stable double-mode (DM, or RRd) pulsations occur are very narrow and hard to find in astrophysical parameter (L, M, T_eff, X, Z) space with hydrodynamic simulations, but our systematic and efficient methodology allows us to investigate them with unprecedented detail. It is shown that by simultaneously considering the effects of mode selection and of horizontal branch evolution we can naturally solve one of the extant puzzles involving the topologies of the theoretical and observed instability strips, namely the slope of the fundamental blue edge. The importance of the interplay between mode selection and stellar evolutionary effects is also demonstrated for the properties of double-mode RR Lyr. Finally, the Petersen diagram of double-mode RR Lyr models is discussed for the first time.
R. Szabo; Z. Kollath; J. R. Buchler
Ultra-Long-Haul WDM transmission systems
This paper discusses the key transmission issues and design considerations for ultra-long-haul WDM systems. The key enabling technologies for the current generation of ultra-long-haul WDM transmission are described. Noise analysis and transmission modelling ...
Y. R. Zhou; A. Lord; S. R. Sikora
case study of U.S. transmission line siting,� Energy Policy,Dual variable on transmission line k�s power flownetwork branches (transmission lines), it is possible to
Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations DOE Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations March 6, 2008 - 11:54am Addthis...
DOE National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors Conference
National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors Conference March 29, 2006 Hilton Garden Hotel Chicago, IL William H. Whitehead General Manager, Transmission Strategy PJM...
Electricity Transmission Data Needs Focus Group Results
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
power, transmission flows within states, the implications of transmission on capacity expansion decisions and costs; age of transformers and other facilities;
Electric Power Generation and Transmission (Iowa) | Department...
Power Generation and Transmission (Iowa) Electric Power Generation and Transmission (Iowa) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Industrial Investor-Owned Utility MunicipalPublic...
Interconnection-Wide Transmission Planning Initiative: Topic...
State Agency Input Regarding Electric Resource and Transmission Planning in the Texas Interconnection Interconnection-Wide Transmission Planning Initiative: Topic B, State Agency...
Transmission/Photo Gallery | Open Energy Information
Gallery < Transmission Jump to: navigation, search PhotoGalleryHeader.png Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada...
American Transmission Systems Inc | Open Energy Information
American Transmission Systems Inc Place Ohio Utility Id 56162 Utility Location Yes Ownership T NERC Location RFC NERC RFC Yes ISO MISO Yes Activity Transmission Yes References EIA...
Transmission/Permitting Atlas | Open Energy Information
Atlas < Transmission Jump to: navigation, search PermittingAtlasHeader.png Roadmap Compare States General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California...
Interconnection-Wide Transmission Planning Initiative: Topic B, State Agency Input Regarding Electric Resource and Transmission Planning in the Texas Interconnection...
EIS-0285: Transmission System Vegetation Management Program ...
Transmission System Vegetation Management Program June 23, 2000 EIS-0285: EPA Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Impact Statement Transmission System Vegetation...
Casablanca Carlos American Electric Power Transmission Owner
(Facilitator) Chantal PJM Interconnection Not Applicable Horstmann John Dayton Power & Light Company (The) Transmission Owner Issermoyer John PPL Electric Utilities Corp. dba PPL Utilities Transmission Owner
Pjm Interconnection Llc; Teleconference Webex Participants; Firstenergy Solutions; Corp Transmission Owner; Boltz Jeff; Firstenergy Solutions; Corp Transmission Owner; Fecho Thomas; Indiana Michigan; Power Company; Transmission Owner; Patten Kevin; Company Transmission Owner
Electric generating or transmission facility: determination of...
Electric generating or transmission facility: determination of rate-making principles and treatment: procedure (Kansas) Electric generating or transmission facility: determination...
Definition: Deferred Transmission Capacity Investments | Open...
transformers.1 Related Terms transmission lines, transformer, transmission line, sustainability References SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Benefits' An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Eastern Renewable Generation...
transmission? How does geographic diversity of wind reduce wind integration costs? How do offshore and onshore wind power compare? What transmission is needed to facilitate higher...
Definition: Firm Transmission Service | Open Energy Information
Definition No reegle definition available. Also Known As Firm services Related Terms transmission lines, electricity generation, transmission line, smart grid References ...
Definition: Transmission Reliability | Open Energy Information
to ensure reliable system operation as system conditions change.1 Related Terms transmission lines, transfer capability, system, transmission line References Glossary...
Definition: Transmission Reliability Margin | Open Energy Information
system operation as system conditions change.1 Related Terms transfer capability, transmission lines, system, transmission line References Glossary of Terms Used in...
Definition: Transmission Constraint | Open Energy Information
that may be reached during normal or contingency system operations.1 Related Terms transmission lines, system, contingency, transmission line, element References ...
Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild
which is a cooperating agency in the project. The proposed project would: Rebuild aging and deteriorating transmission lines Reduce the number of linear miles of transmission...
Michigan Electric Transmission Company | Open Energy Information
Transmission Company Jump to: navigation, search Name Michigan Electric Transmission Company Place Michigan Utility Id 56163 Utility Location Yes Ownership T NERC RFC Yes ISO MISO...
DOE Transmission Capacity Report | Department of Energy
Transmission Capacity Report Transmission Capacity Report DOE Transmission Capacity Report DOE Transmission Capacity Report: Transmission lines, substations, circuit breakers, capacitors, and other equipment provide more than just a highway to deliver energy and power from generating units to distribution systems. Transmission systems both complement and substitute for generation. Transmission generally enhances reliability; lowers the cost of electricity delivered to consumers; limits the ability of generators to exercise market power; and provides flexibility to protect against uncertainties about future fuel prices, load growth, generator construction, and other factors affecting the electric system. DOE Transmission Capacity Report More Documents & Publications Report to Congress:Impacts of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's
(R,r) Policy
Rutgers Business School-Newark and New Brunswick, 180 University Avenue ...... hitting times in the interior of [0,T] satisfy by the continuity of {I(t,?)} and {B(t,?)} ,.
NDN, volume transmission, and self-organization in brain dynamics
NDN, VOLUME TRANSMISSION, AND SELF- ORGANIZATION IN BRAINThese systems instantiate volume transmission bynonsynaptic diffusion transmission, in concert with the
Freeman, Walter J III
Definition: Non-Firm Transmission Service | Open Energy Information
available. Also Known As Interruptible Load or Interruptible Demand Related Terms transmission lines, electricity generation, transmission line, firm transmission service,...
X-Ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopic ...
eral in women with osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Res 21:452-. 456. 6. Dahllof G, Lindskog S, Theorell K, Ussisoo R (1987) Con- comitant regional odontodysplasia�...
High-voltage DC transmission: a power electronics workhorse
Thyristor-based HVDC converter technology is used for highly reliable power transfer across natural or national boundaries or between AC systems designed for different frequencies or incompatible frequency controls. The author discusses the benefits ...
N. G. Hingorani
Security Best Practices for the Electronic Transmission of ...
... 7682 provides best practices for decommissioning systems. ... When state law or procedure mandates the ... cover those plans and procedures used to ...
Letters to ESEX High resolution transmission electron microscopy
. Montakhab and A. Asadian, Phys. Rev. A 77, 062322 (2008). [13] B. Fortescue and H. K. Lo, Phys. Rev. Lett
Dorn, Ron
Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Third Dimension
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2013. Symposium, Optical and X-ray Imaging Techniques for Material Characterization.
Multi-transmission-line-beam interactive system
We construct here a Lagrangian field formulation for a system consisting of an electron beam interacting with a slow-wave structure modeled by a possibly non-uniform multiple transmission line (MTL). In the case of a single line we recover the linear model of a traveling wave tube (TWT) due to J.R. Pierce. Since a properly chosen MTL can approximate a real waveguide structure with any desired accuracy, the proposed model can be used in particular for design optimization. Furthermore, the Lagrangian formulation provides for: (i) a clear identification of the mathematical source of amplification, (ii) exact expressions for the conserved energy and its flux distributions obtained from the Noether theorem. In the case of uniform MTLs we carry out an exhaustive analysis of eigenmodes and find sharp conditions on the parameters of the system to provide for amplifying regimes.
Alexander Figotin; Guillermo Reyes
DOE Transmission System Integration Workshop
Heyeck, AEP, Sr. Vice President, Transmission Heyeck, AEP, Sr. Vice President, Transmission and Chair, EPRI Power Delivery & Utilization Sector Council November 01-02, 2012 DoubleTree Hotel, Crystal City Washington D.C. DOE Transmission System Integration Workshop 2 © 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Near-Zero Emissions Long-Term Operations Renewable Integration Water Management Electric Vehicles Demand Response & Efficiency Renewable Energy Energy Storage Sensors & Control Cyber Security Supply = Demand The Power System Supply to Demand Requires a full portfolio of innovative technologies. Tomorrow's Power System One size does not fit all 3 © 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Grid Transformation to Ensure Reliability, Efficiency, Resiliency and Security
Midwest Transmission Workshop III Summary
OAK-B135 On March 12-13, 2002, the National Wind Coordinating Committee (NWCC), in cooperation with regional stakeholders, held a two-day workshop: Planning for Electrical Transmission Needs in the Upper Midwest. The workshop was the outgrowth of an effort to develop a forum and process for consideration of transmission options that strives for equitable allocation of benefits and impacts among all affected parties. The goal of this workshop was to provide a catalyst for an enhanced, inclusive process for transmission planning with participation of and acceptance by all affected stakeholders. Participants in the meeting included representatives of state and regional regulatory agencies, utilities and power generators, the wind industry, environmental and landowner interests, and other interested parties (see Attachment A for a list of meeting participants).
Perspective: Power Lines and Motor Vehicle Electronics
Recent news reports have suggested that the operation of automotive electronic systems (including sudden acceleration) could be affected by the electric and magnetic fields associated with power transmission lines. Based on electromagnetic fundamentals and knowledge of the levels of electric fields, magnetic fields and RF fields from transmission lines, one can evaluate the possibility of an interaction between these exposures and the electronic systems within automobiles, both electric and conventional.
Transmission Rights and Market Power James Bushnell
of the transmission grid can advantage some competitors at the expense of others. In electricity markets around control of transmission paths. In electricity markets such as California's, even financial transmissionPWP-062 Transmission Rights and Market Power James Bushnell April, 1999 This paper is part
California at Berkeley. University of
Principles for interregional transmission expansion
In aiming to facilitate the siting of interregional transmission lines, some basic principles might include an approach where the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission uses a variety of tools to capture the value of new transmission, and thus increase the supply of interregional lines. There also may be opportunities for the Commission to work with localities to reduce resistance to new lines by means of economic incentives. Such a tack has the potential to be more efficient than fighting local opposition in the courts. (author)
Benjamin, Richard
California/Transmission | Open Energy Information
California/Transmission California/Transmission < California Jump to: navigation, search CaliforniaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The electrical grid in California is part of the WestConnect Transmission Planning area and the California Transmission Planning Group. The desert southwest region of California belongs to the Southwest Area Transmission power grid and the northern region of the state belongs to the Sierra Subregional Planning Group. The SWAT provides the technical forum required to complete reliability assessments, develop joint business opportunities and accomplish
Transmission System Reliability Performance Metrics Requirements
Transmission availability has become the significant indicator of overall transmission system operational health, due to increased utilization of the transmission system, growth of deregulated energy wholesale markets, and decreased investment in new transmission assets. Availability trends reflect the increasing dependence upon transmission assets from a technical and market perspective. Presently availability metrics lack comparability due to the non-standardization of underlying data collection method...
Electron holography
... An electron hologram is a fringe modulated image containing the amplitude and phase information of an electron transparent object. ...
Underground Transmission Systems Reference Book
The Underground Transmission Systems Reference Book covers all stages of cable system design and operation, from initial planning studies to failure analysis. It contains contributions from many of the industry's experts and represents practices from all parts of the United States.
Power superconducting power transmission cable
The present invention is for a compact superconducting power transmission cable operating at distribution level voltages. The superconducting cable is a conductor with a number of tapes assembled into a subconductor. These conductors are then mounted co-planarly in an elongated dielectric to produce a 3-phase cable. The arrangement increases the magnetic field parallel to the tapes thereby reducing ac losses.
Ashworth, Stephen P. (Cambridge, GB)
Transmission System SQRA Assessment Methods
Market conditions and increasingly stringent regulatory requirements have focused attention on metrics that quantify the Security, Quality, Reliability, and Availability (SQRA) of transmission systems. This report summarizes the state-of-the-art in performance metrics, provides four case studies of their use, and discusses future trends in reliability metrics, congestion metrics, and benchmarking.
Boundary stabilization of transmission problems
We study the transmission problem in bounded domains with dissipative boundary conditions. Under some natural assumptions, we prove uniform bounds of the corresponding resolvents on the real axis at high frequency, and as a consequence, we obtain free of eigenvalues regions. As an application, we get exponential decay of the energy of the solutions of the correpsonding mixed boundary value problems.
Fernando Cardoso; Georgi Vodev
Transmission Access Charge Informational Filing
of any new Participating Transmission Owner (�Participating TO�) during the proceeding six months or (2) changes to Transmission Revenue Requirements of any of the Participating TOs. 1 Because the Access Charges are determined through a formula rate mechanism, these semi-annual adjustments take place automatically. In the enclosed informational filing, the ISO is providing notice regarding the updated Access Charges that reflect the charges that will be in effect beginning January 1, 2002 in accordance with the formula rate. The adjusted charges are based on the modified Transmission Revenue Requirements, both High Voltage and Low Voltage as a result of: (1) the Offer of Settlement accepted by the Commission in Pacific Gas & Electric Company�s (�PG&E�) Docket No. ER01-66-000, (2) San Diego Gas and Electric Company�s supplemental surcharge accepted, subject to refund, in Docket No. ER01-3074-000, and (3) the annual adjustment to the Transmission Revenue Balancing Account (�TRBA�) of the Participating TOs. 1 Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein are defined in the Master Definitions
Investigation of Multi-Frequency Power Transmission and System
This dissertation presents a new power system transmission concept based on frequency selectivity named Multi-Frequency Power System (MFPS). This system allows for selective power transmission among terminals in an interconnected system, and is enabled by power electronic technology. The dissertation starts with a presentation of some of the challenges faced by modern power systems, and includes a description of various power system technologies developed in an attempt to solve them. Then, our proposed solution is presented as an alternative to electric power transmission, and the fundamental concepts are explained. A version of the MFPS is developed, which has relevance to the problem of renewable sources integration. This AC DC Power System is further explored, and the topology of the system and the converters is presented, as well as the control techniques used in its operation. The dissertation also presents a performance study of the AC DC system, which was done in Simulink, and it demonstrates the robustness of the system under various dynamic and fault conditions. Finally, a summary of the work is given in the last section of the dissertation. The contributions of our research to the state of technology are discussed. These contributions include: the demonstration of power selectivity based on frequency identification, the development of a novel transmission system and a AC DC integrated implementation of it, and the development of a control and converter that enables selective power transmission. Also, some of the most relevant future research initiatives related to this topic are presented.
Barazarte Conte, Ronald
Field Guide: Inspection of Transmission Line Grounding Systems
This EPRI report, one in a series of practical guides designed as reference aids for utility personnel working in the field, visually catalogs the various condition issues that commonly affect transmission line grounding systems. It presents photographs and short written descriptions of the conditions and lists associated causes, failure modes, and impacts.The downloadable PDF for this product is optimized for viewing on electronic devices such as tablets. For Android devices, Adobe ...
Definition: Network Integration Transmission Service | Open Energy
Network Integration Transmission Service Network Integration Transmission Service Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Network Integration Transmission Service Service that allows an electric transmission customer to integrate, plan, economically dispatch and regulate its network reserves in a manner comparable to that in which the Transmission Owner serves Native Load customers.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, transmission customer, transmission line, native load, smart grid References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inli LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ne Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Network_Integration_Transmission_Service&oldid=502560" Categories: Definitions
Efficiency Benefits of EHV AC Transmission and Overlays in Interregional Transmission Expansion Planning
In the United States, transmission expansion planning historically focused on addressing local utility transmission needs. In the mid-to-late 1990s, the focus shifted to encompass regional transmission expansion, primarily driven by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) mandates on open transmission access and emergence of regional transmission organizations. In recent years, three drivers have elevated transmission expansion planning to a higher, interregional level. These drivers are the ...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Webinars
Webinars Webinars Want updates about future transmission grid integration webinars and publications? Join our mailing list. NREL periodically offers webinars on transmission grid integration topics to provide insight into its research. Explore the resources below to learn more. Upcoming Webinars Please check back. Details on future meetings and workshops will be posted as they are available. Past Webinars Results from The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2: An examination of how wind and solar power affect operations, costs, and emissions from fossil-fueled generators Wednesday, September 25, 2013 at 12:00 EDT (10:00 MDT) The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 (WWSIS-2), launched in 2011, examines the potential impacts of up to 33% wind and solar energy
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WORKSHOP TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WORKSHOP Mapping Challenges and Opportunities to Help Guide DOE R&D Investments over the Next Five Years DoubleTree Crystal City, 300 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA November 1-2, 2012 AGENDA Thursday, November 1, 2012 8:00-8:10 Welcome and Kickoff David Sandalow, Acting Undersecretary of Energy 8:10-8:30 Introduction to the Grid Tech Team (GTT), Vision, and Framework Distribution Workshop Summary Dr. Anjan Bose, Grid Tech Team Lead 8:30-8:50 OE Vision, Activities, and Issues Patricia A. Hoffman, Assistant Secretary for the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) 8:50-9:10 EERE Vision, Activities, and Issues Dr. David Danielson, Assistant Secretary for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
transmission | OpenEI Community
21 21 Varnish cache server Home Groups Community Central Green Button Applications Developer Utility Rate FRED: FRee Energy Database More Public Groups Private Groups Features Groups Blog posts Content Stream Documents Discussions Polls Q & A Events Notices My stuff Energy blogs 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142235321 Varnish cache server transmission Home Kyoung's picture Submitted by Kyoung(155) Contributor 12 November, 2012 - 09:17 Legal Reviews are Underway BHFS Legal review permitting power plant roadmap transmission The legal review of the Regulatory Roadmap flowcharts and supporting content is well underway and will continue for the next several months with our legal team at [www.bhfs.com Brownstein Hyatt Farber and Schreck]. The
Midwest Transmission Workshop II Summary
OAK-B135 After introductions of all participants, Abby Arnold, RESOLVE, reviewed the purpose of the meeting and the agenda. The purpose of the workshop was to share the results of the Midwest Independent System Operator (MISO) scenario development for wind and other fuel sources and the corresponding implications for transmission throughout the MISO control area. The workshop agenda is included in Attachment A.
Guide for Transmission Line Grounding
Electrical utilities have a duty to provide effective grounding for managing steady-state and fault currents, whether near a large generating station or at a remote distribution pole ground. For transmission lines, this imperative is usually met with investment in overhead ground wires and grounding electrodes. Effective grounding at each tower improves reliability8212by providing low path impedance to lightning strokes8212and contributes to safety. However, the fundamental physical parameters in ground ...
High current pulse transmission cable
This invention is comprised of a transmission cable for carrying high current pulses in which an even numbered plurality of electrical conductors surrounds a central ground conductor. Each electrical conductor is connected so that it at any instant in time it will carry current of opposite polarity to the polarity carried by adjacent conductors. This arrangement cancels practically all of the external fields generated by current in the conductors.
Parsons, W.M.
Flexible and Strategic Transmission Planning
This update describes two separate but related planning frameworks developed for this project: 1) balancing of reliability and economics in transmission planning and 2) consideration of the need for operational flexibility in planning. Projects that improve reliability can also improve economics, and vice versa. The challenge is in achieving the reliability goals with as much economic benefit as possible, in other words, balancing the reliability and economic goals without compromising either. A method o...
Electron Microscopy Center
iTEAM iTEAM The in situ Transmission Electron Aberration Corrected Microscope (iTEAM) is a proposed project to develop a microscope with powerful capabilities for in situ studies of materials in their native environment. iTEAM will build on the success of the TEAM project by utilizing both spherical and chromatic aberration correction in an electron microscope to provide unprecedented capabilities to study materials in controlled environments of temperature, pressure, or fluidic states with the high-resolution in imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy typical of electron probes. The capabilities of iTEAM will lead to new ways to understand the behavior of materials in native environments, with particular relevance to major energy initiatives such as catalysis, solar conversion, fuel cells, and batteries. In addition, iTEAM will provide new capabilities to understand organic/inorganic interfaces, functionalized nanoparticles, and biomaterials under natural conditions.
Coiled transmission line pulse generators
Methods and apparatus are provided for fabricating and constructing solid dielectric "Coiled Transmission Line" pulse generators in radial or axial coiled geometries. The pour and cure fabrication process enables a wide variety of geometries and form factors. The volume between the conductors is filled with liquid blends of monomers, polymers, oligomers, and/or cross-linkers and dielectric powders; and then cured to form high field strength and high dielectric constant solid dielectric transmission lines that intrinsically produce ideal rectangular high voltage pulses when charged and switched into matched impedance loads. Voltage levels may be increased by Marx and/or Blumlein principles incorporating spark gap or, preferentially, solid state switches (such as optically triggered thyristors) which produce reliable, high repetition rate operation. Moreover, these Marxed pulse generators can be DC charged and do not require additional pulse forming circuitry, pulse forming lines, transformers, or an a high voltage spark gap output switch. The apparatus accommodates a wide range of voltages, impedances, pulse durations, pulse repetition rates, and duty cycles. The resulting mobile or flight platform friendly cylindrical geometric configuration is much more compact, light-weight, and robust than conventional linear geometries, or pulse generators constructed from conventional components. Installing additional circuitry may accommodate optional pulse shape improvements. The Coiled Transmission Lines can also be connected in parallel to decrease the impedance, or in series to increase the pulse length.
McDonald, Kenneth Fox (Columbia, MO)
in calculating the unit cost of wind energy transmissionimpacts of the cost of transmission for wind energy. Only inj = Transmission cost per unit of wind energy weighted by
ApJ Letters, in press Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 6/22/04 DISCOVERY OF> 200 RR LYRAE VARIABLES IN M62:
ApJ Letters, in press We report on the discovery of a large number of RR Lyrae variable stars in the moderately metal-rich Galactic globular cluster M62 (NGC 6266), which places it among the top three most RR Lyrae-rich globular clusters known. Likely members of the cluster in our studied field, from our preliminary number counts, include ? 130 fundamental-mode (RRab) pulsators, with ?Pab ? = 0.548 d, and ? 75 first-overtone (RRc) pulsators, with ?Pc ? = 0.300 d. The average periods and the position of the RRab variables with well-defined light curves in the Bailey diagram both suggest that the cluster is of Oosterhoff type I. However, the morphology of the cluster�s horizontal branch (HB) is strikingly similar to that of the Oosterhoff type II globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078), with a dominant blue HB component and a very extended blue tail. Since M15 and M62 differ in metallicity by about one dex, we conclude that metallicity, at a fixed HB type, is a key parameter determining the Oosterhoff status of a globular cluster and the position of its variables in the Bailey diagram.
An Oosterhoff; I Globular; A Predominantly; Blue Hb; R. Contreras; M. Catelan; Horace A. Smith; Barton J. Pritzl; J. Borissova
Definition: Transmission Service | Open Energy Information
Service Service Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Transmission Service Services provided to the Transmission Customer by the Transmission Service Provider to move energy from a Point of Receipt to a Point of Delivery.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, Transmission Customer, Transmission Service Provider, transmission line References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Transmission_Service&oldid=480302" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load)
Arizona/Transmission/Summary | Open Energy Information
Arizona | Transmission Arizona | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ArizonaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Arizona, the state has the authority to site high-voltage transmission lines. A public service corporation would need to obtain a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility (CEC) from the Arizona Power Plant and Transmission Line Siting Committee that is "affirmed and approved" by the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC). State Siting Act Arizona Revised Statute (A.R.S.)§ 40-360 et seq. State Preemptive Authority If the Transmission Line Siting Committee (TLSC) finds that compliance with local ordinances, master plan or regulation is unreasonably restrictive and compliance is not feasible in view of technology available, then the TLSC may grant a certificate.[1]
Wireless power transmission for medical applications
We studied the wireless power transmission capabilities of microwave through human skin-tissue. Microwave transmission through simulated human skins was tested with rectenna array as a power receiver located under the ...
Payne, Joshua E.
A Computer Package for Transmission Line Analysis
A computer program, LIGNE, has been developed as a comprehensive teaching aid for the section on transmission line theory in an electromagnetics course. The program assists the student in the analysis of transmission lines, enabling him to quickly assess ...
Georges-Andre Chaudron; Manfred Nachman
Transmission Expansion Planning with Re-design
Expanding an electrical transmission network requires heavy investments ... Long term transmission expansion planning determines, over an horizon of 10 or more years, ... generation sites are usually far away from the consumption centers.
Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Skip Navigation Links Transmission Functions Infrastructure projects Interconnection OASIS OATT Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Project Western Area Power Administration proposes to rebuild approximately 32 miles of double wood-pole structure 115-kilovolt transmission line that exists between Estes Park and Flatiron Reservoir in Larimer County, Colo. The proposal would remove 16 miles of transmission line, and modernize 16 miles to steel-pole double-circuit 115-kV transmission line. The reduction and modernizing of transmission lines will occur on Federal, state and private lands. The public parcels are administered by the Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forest, which is a cooperating agency in the project.
Feasibility study for mega-electron-volt electron beam tomography
Electron beam tomography is a promising imaging modality for the study of fast technical processes. But for many technical objects of interest x rays of several hundreds of keV energy are required to achieve sufficient material penetration. In this article we report on a feasibility study for fast electron beam computed tomography with a 1 MeV electron beam. The experimental setup comprises an electrostatic accelerator with beam optics, transmission target, and a single x-ray detector. We employed an inverse fan-beam tomography approach with radiographic projections being generated from the linearly moving x-ray source. Angular projections were obtained by rotating the object.
Hampel, U. [Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden (Germany); AREVA Endowed Chair of Imaging Techniques in Energy and Process Engineering, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01062 Dresden (Germany); Baertling, Y.; Hoppe, D. [Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden (Germany); Kuksanov, N.; Fadeev, S.; Salimov, R. [Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev av. 11, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russian Federation)
EEI/DOE Transmission Capacity Report
TRANSMISSION CAPACITY: TRANSMISSION CAPACITY: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS Eric Hirst Consulting in Electric-Industry Restructuring Bellingham, Washington June 2004 Prepared for Energy Delivery Group Edison Electric Institute Washington, DC Russell Tucker, Project Manager and Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC Larry Mansueti, Project Manager ii iii CONTENTS Page SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v LIST OF ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. TRANSMISSION CAPACITY: DATA AND PROJECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 HISTORICAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 CURRENT CONDITIONS . . . . . . .
Directional Reactive Power Ground Plane Transmission
Directional Reactive Power Ground Plane Transmission Technology Summary ... The invention can transmit electrical power through the surface of the ...
Average transmission probability of a random stack
The transmission through a stack of identical slabs that are separated by gaps with random widths is usually treated by calculating the average of the logarithm of the transmission probability. We show how to calculate the average of the transmission probability itself with the aid of a recurrence relation and derive analytical upper and lower bounds. The upper bound, when used as an approximation for the transmission probability, is unreasonably good and we conjecture that it is asymptotically exact.
Yin Lu; Christian Miniatura; Berthold-Georg Englert
High Resolution Transmission Microscopy Characterization of an ...
High Resolution Transmission Microscopy Characterization of an Oxide ... Line Dislocation Dynamics Simulation of fundamental dislocation properties in�...
low load levels there can be situations where the capacitive component of the transmission line causes voltage
Alternative Transmission Technologies for Joint Planning Studies
This report describes a detailed analysis of joint transmission planning needs and capabilities, including an assessment of current research in the area. The report has value as a starting point and reference for transmission planners engaged in joint planning exercises because it focuses on technologies that could facilitate joint transmission planning of a bulk power grid. A joint planning exercise involves the collaboration of multiple transmission planning groups that may each have ...
Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions
Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in the Western Renewable Energyin.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Permitting, Siting and Analysis Division #12;Resource and Transmission ExpansionResource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in WREZ
Transportation Center Seminar........ "Proactive Transmission Planning in
Transportation Center Seminar........ "Proactive Transmission Planning in Electricity Networks of the biggest problems of actual power-systems transmission planning is its reactive nature. We formulate-systems transmission planning, generation investment, and market operation decisions and propose a methodology to solve
Bustamante, Fabián E.
The real problem with Merchant transmission
Current regulatory policy distinguishes transmission investments that have primarily economic benefits from those that primarily enhance reliability. But no such dichotomy exists; congestion and reliability are inter-related in complex ways. Thus, solving the transmission investment problem is more complex than ''fixing'' merchant transmission; investment in the grid must be treated as a systems problem. (author)
Blumsack, Seth; Lave, Lester B.; Ilic, Marija
Electron Microprobe
Electron Microprobe. ... The JEOL JXA-8600 is a conventional hairpin filament thermal emission electron microprobe that is more than 20 years old. ...
Pulse shaping with transmission lines
A method and apparatus for forming shaped voltage pulses uses passive reflection from a transmission line with nonuniform impedance. The impedance of the reflecting line varies with length in accordance with the desired pulse shape. A high voltage input pulse is transmitted to the reflecting line. A reflected pulse is produced having the desired shape and is transmitted by pulse removal means to a load. Light activated photoconductive switches made of silicon can be utilized. The pulse shaper can be used to drive a Pockels cell to produce shaped optical pulses.
Wilcox, R.B.
Wilcox, Russell B. (Oakland, CA)
Application of EPRI's Transmission Services Costing Framework to the Development of Open Access Transmission Tariffs
Public utilities in the United States are expected to provide transmission services and ancillary services to eligible customers. This report documents how Centerior Energy Corporation developed a network integration transmission service tariff, a point-to-point transmission service tariff, and four ancillary services tariffs by applying EPRI's Transmission Services Costing Framework.
The role of transmission investment in the coordination between generation and transmission
generation and transmission of electricity into distinct modules. The governance structure of transmission the governance of electricity transmission assets influences the implementation of power flow management. Finally to coordinate generation and transmission of electricity is in real organizations. 1 Assistant Professors
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Colorado/Transmission/Roadmap | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Colorado/Transmission/Roadmap < Colorado | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ColoradoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations.
SunZia Southwest Transmission Project Comments
SunZia Southwest Transmission Project SunZia Southwest Transmission Project Comments Provided to the US Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Request for Information Relating to the Permitting of Transmission Lines Submitted as of March 28, 2012 2 1.0 Background. SunZia Southwest Transmission Project (SunZia or the Project) is a joint development effort currently underway in Arizona and New Mexico. The Project definition includes licensing, permitting, financing, constructing and operating up to two 500 kilovolt alternating current (AC) transmission lines and up to five interconnecting substations.
California/Transmission/Roadmap | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » California/Transmission/Roadmap < California | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search CaliforniaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations.
Arizona/Transmission/Roadmap | Open Energy Information
Roadmap Roadmap < Arizona | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ArizonaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations. Reading the Roadmap The flowcharts are divided into General, Federal, and State columns to allow for ease of use. To use the flowcharts, start with General Flowchart for Section 8: Transmission. The General Flowchart will lead you to the
L1, Formation of Structural Defects in AlGaN/GaN High Electron ...
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) cross sectional image has shown that electrical degradation is closely related to structural damage in the GaN cap and �...
Precision cutting of nanotubes with a low-energy electron beam
lective damage has been induced in transmission electron ... During cutting, the SEM was operated in line scan mode at maximum magni?cation s1063d, ...
National Transmission Grid Study: 2002 | Department of Energy
Transmission Grid Study: 2002 National Transmission Grid Study: 2002 National Transmission Grid Study: The National Energy Policy Plan directed the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)...
California/Transmission/Local Regulations | Open Energy Information
CaliforniaTransmissionLocal Regulations < California | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search CaliforniaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State...
Transmission Forum Agenda - February 2012 | Department of Energy
Transmission Forum Agenda - February 2012 Transmission Forum Agenda - February 2012 FINAL AGENDA - Transmission Forum Feb 2012 (Denver) 020212.pdf More Documents & Publications DOE...
PP-76 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company | Department...
6 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company PP-76 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company Presidential Permit authorizing The Vermont Electric Transmission Company to construct,...
PP-76-1 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company | Department...
76-1 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company PP-76-1 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company Presidential Permit authorizing The Vermont Electric Transmission Company to...
26-29, 1979 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION INLBL-9783 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION INl�. LBL-9783 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION IN
Gullberg, G.T.
Comments of New England Electric Transmission Corporation on...
out of time and comments of New England Electric Transmission Corporation, New England Hydro-Transmission Electric Company, Inc. and New England Hydro-Transmission Corporation and...
Automated manual transmission mode selection controller
Lawrie, Robert E. (Whitmore Lake, MI)
Automated manual transmission shift sequence controller
A powertrain system for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a heat engine, such as a diesel engine, and an electric machine, which operates as both, an electric motor and an alternator, to power the vehicle. The hybrid vehicle also includes a manual-style transmission configured to operate as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver. The engine and the electric machine drive an input shaft which in turn drives an output shaft of the transmission. In addition to driving the transmission, the electric machine regulates the speed of the input shaft in order to synchronize the input shaft during either an upshift or downshift of the transmission by either decreasing or increasing the speed of the input shaft. When decreasing the speed of the input shaft, the electric motor functions as an alternator to produce electrical energy which may be stored by a storage device. Operation of the transmission is controlled by a transmission controller which receives input signals and generates output signals to control shift and clutch motors to effect smooth launch, upshift shifts, and downshifts of the transmission, so that the transmission functions substantially as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver, while internally substantially functioning as a manual transmission.
Lawrie, Robert E. (Whitmore Lake, MI); Reed, Richard G. (Royal Oak, MI); Rausen, David J. (Denver, CO)
Idaho/Transmission/Roadmap | Open Energy Information
Idaho/Transmission/Roadmap Idaho/Transmission/Roadmap < Idaho | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search IdahoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations. Reading the Roadmap The flowcharts are divided into General, Federal, and State columns to allow for ease of use. To use the flowcharts, start with General Flowchart for Section 8: Transmission. The General Flowchart will lead you to the
Idaho/Transmission/Summary | Open Energy Information
Idaho | Transmission Idaho | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search IdahoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Idaho, the state's siting authority is limited to siting approvals on state property, and high voltage transmission lines (115kV or greater) within a National Interstate Electric Transmission Corridor (NIETC). Under these circumstances a Route Permit would be required by the Idaho Public Utilities Commission (IPUC); however, no such corridors have been designated and therefore the process has not been tested. Local governments
Colorado/Transmission/Summary | Open Energy Information
Colorado/Transmission/Summary Colorado/Transmission/Summary < Colorado | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ColoradoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Colorado, local governments (counties and municipalities) have the authority to site high-voltage transmission lines. The State's authority in siting is limited to a backstop appeal process, by which utilities may submit an appeal to local government decisions to the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) for review and resolution. State Siting Act None State Preemptive Authority The CPUC has backstop authority only. If a permit is denied by the local government, the applicant may appeal to the CPUC if certain conditions are met (CRS 29-20-108).
Open Access Transmission and Renewable Energy Technologies
In April 1996, the Federal Regulatory Commission (PERC) approved Orders 888 and 889 and released a draft rule for public comment on capacity reservation tariffs (CRTs). Order No. 888 requires electric utilities to file transmission tariffs that would allow transmission access to third parties who want to conduct wholesale transactions, and Order No. 889 requires transmission-owning utilities to set up open access, same-time information systems (OASIS), using commercial software and Internet protocols. This paper discusses these Orders in detail, as well as some of the issues before FERC with implications for renewables, which include: transmission pricing; transmission terms and conditions; reassignment of transmission capacity; defining state and FERC jurisdiction over transmission and distribution; the pricing of ancillary services; and the adoption and implementation of independent system operators.
Porter, K.
Extracting physically interpretable data from electron energy-loss spectra.
Principal component analysis is routinely applied to analyze data sets in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). We show how physically meaningful spectra can be obtained from the principal components using a knowledge of the scattering of the probe electron and the geometry of the experiment. This approach is illustrated by application to EELS data for the carbon K edge in graphite obtained using a conventional transmission electron microscope. The effect of scattering of the probe electron is accounted for, yielding spectra which are equivalent to experiments using linearly polarized X-rays. The approach is general and can also be applied to EELS in the context of scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Witte, C.; Zaluzec, N. J.; Allen, L. J.; Materials Science Division; Univ. of Melbourn
Superconducting transmission line particle detector
A microvertex particle detector for use in a high energy physic collider including a plurality of parallel superconducting thin film strips separated from a superconducting ground plane by an insulating layer to form a plurality of superconducting waveguides. The microvertex particle detector indicates passage of a charged subatomic particle by measuring a voltage pulse measured across a superconducting waveguide caused by the transition of the superconducting thin film strip from a superconducting to a non- superconducting state in response to the passage of a charged particle. A plurality of superconducting thin film strips in two orthogonal planes plus the slow electromagnetic wave propagating in a superconducting transmission line are used to resolve N/sup 2/ ambiguity of charged particle events. 6 figs.
Gray, K.E.
A microvertex particle detector for use in a high energy physic collider including a plurality of parallel superconducting thin film strips separated from a superconducting ground plane by an insulating layer to form a plurality of superconducting waveguides. The microvertex particle detector indicates passage of a charged subatomic particle by measuring a voltage pulse measured across a superconducting waveguide caused by the transition of the superconducting thin film strip from a superconducting to a non-superconducting state in response to the passage of a charged particle. A plurality of superconducting thin film strips in two orthogonal planes plus the slow electromagnetic wave propogating in a superconducting transmission line are used to resolve N.sup.2 ambiguity of charged particle events.
Gray, Kenneth E. (Naperville, IL)
Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation...
Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation Construction Projects (Wisconsin) Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation...
here Home Savings Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation Construction Projects (Wisconsin) Application Filling Requirements for Transmission...
Kangley - Echo Lake Transmission Line Project, Final Environmental...
Selleck Kangley North Bend Cedar Falls Existing Transmission Lines Proposed Transmission Line Alternatives Under Consideration BPA Substation Alternative * * * * * * ...
New Mexico/Transmission | Open Energy Information
New Mexico/Transmission New Mexico/Transmission < New Mexico Jump to: navigation, search NewMexicoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The electrical grid in New Mexico is part of the Southwest Area Transmission power grid which is part of the WestConnect Transmission Planning area, and covers the desert southwest of the United States. The Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) is the Regional Entity responsible for coordinating and promoting Bulk Electric System reliability in the Western Interconnection, including in New Mexico. In addition, WECC provides an environment for coordinating the operating and planning
Transmission/Resource Library | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Transmission/Resource Library < Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ResourceLibraryHeader.png Public Involvement Resources GIS Tools and Maps Environmental Resources and Mitigation NEPA MOUs General Transmission Documents Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database About Transmission Electricity Transmission: A Primer Overview of the grid system and the role of states in overseeing this system. The Design, Construction, and Operation of Long-Distance High-Voltage
Regional Transmission Planning Webinar | Department of Energy
Regional Transmission Planning Webinar Regional Transmission Planning Webinar Regional Transmission Planning Webinar May 29, 2013 11:00AM MDT Webinar The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Tribal Energy Program, and Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) are pleased to continue their sponsorship of the Tribal Renewable Energy Webinar Series. As part of a process to develop interconnection-based transmission plans for the Eastern and Western Interconnections and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), the eight U.S. regional reliability organizations are expanding existing regional transmission planning activities and broadening stakeholder involvement. Hear about the status of the organizations' plans and evaluations of long-term regional transmission
California/Transmission/Summary | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » California/Transmission/Summary < California | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search CaliforniaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In California, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) has authority to site transmission lines of 200kV or higher. The CPUC is authorized to approve or deny the applicant's request for the Certificate
Magnetic Materials for Broadband Transmission Line
The author�s series of articles on broadband transmission line transformers (TLTs) concludes with these notes on magnetic materials and the properties that are important for best performance Ferrite and iron powder magnetic materials were developed to support a wide range of components, including inductors, EMI suppressors, conventional transformers and transmission line transformers (TLTs). This article deals with transmission line transformers, presenting the observations and conclusions of the author, reached after extensive experimental research into the behavior and performance of these devices in broadband applications. Figure 1 � The three transformers used in comparing the performance of the autotransformer and the transmission line transformer. At the top left is an autotransformer; at the top right is the transmission line transformer, while at the bottom is a transmission line transformer without a ferrite core. All transformers had a total of 10 turns.
Jerry Sevick
Overhead Transmission Inspection and Assessment Guidelines -- 2011
The emphasis within the transmission arena has shifted from designing and building new transmission facilities to optimizing the use, performance, and life of existing facilities. In the early 1990s, EPRI established an initiative to examine the capabilities and limitations of existing inspection and assessment methods and technology. One of the key needs identified was information on methods and technologies for inspecting/assessing the conditions and life expectancy of overhead transmission line compon...
Overhead Transmission Inspection and Assessment Guidelines - 2012
The emphasis within the transmission arena has shifted from designing and building new transmission facilities to optimizing the use, performance, and life of existing facilities. In the early 1990s, EPRI established an initiative to examine the capabilities and limitations of existing inspection and assessment methods and technology. One of the key needs identified was information on methods and technologies for inspecting/assessing the conditions and life expectancy of overhead transmission line ...
Transmission Cable Life Evaluation and Management
High-pressure fluid-filled (HPFF) transmission cable systems constitute nearly 80 percent of the transmission cables in the United States, and represent an estimated $18 billion investment, in present-day dollars. Many of these systems are reaching or have exceeded their design life of 40 years, and evaluating their condition and remaining life is of utmost importance to utilities seeking to make full use of their underground transmission assets. This report describes procedures and diagnostic tools for ...
Transmission System: Loss Reduction and Utilization Enhancement
EPRI R&D program 172Efficient Transmission Systems for a Carbon-Constrained Worldcomprises base research activities and a series of demonstration projects under the collaborative efforts led by EPRI, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and the transmission industry. The program's goal is to understand, through real-life examples, designs that can help build a more efficient transmission system. Base research and development activities under program P172 have set the foundation for the demons...
Electrical Effects of HVDC Transmission Lines
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines are used to transmit large amounts of power over long distances. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and others have produced many publications over approximately the past three decades, expounding on this topic. Several HVDC transmission lines have been built and have been in operation around the world over that period, and recently, there has been increased interest in the advantages that HVDC transmission affords. HVDC lines, like high-vol...
EPRI Increased Transmission Capacity Workshop Proceedings
This report documents the proceedings of EPRI's Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Workshop. The workshop was held on September 20, 2011 at the offices of the American Transmission Company in Waukesha, Wisconsin. Participants included members of the EPRI Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Task Force. The workshop was a joint effort of two EPRI research projects: (1) Increased Power Flow Guidebook and Ratings for Overhead Lines, and (2) Impact of High Temperature Operation on Conductor Systems...
FERC rate incentives for transmission infrastructure development
With enactment of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Congress delivered a mandate to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to establish regulations that would provide for incentive-based rate treatments for investments that would improvement the nation's electric transmission system. That has required FERC to move from merely approving cost-based rates for transmission services to enacting new regulations that would make it more attractive to invest in transmission infrastructure without offending the ''just and reasonable'' rate standard. (author)
Snarr, Steven W.
RRTT - Rapid Response Team for Transmission
Rapid Response Team- Rapid Response Team- Transmission Exploring the Business Link Opportunity: Transmission & Clean Energy Development in the West TRIBAL LEADER FORUM SERIES February 7, 2012 Laura Smith Morton Department of Energy email@example.com Nine Agency MOU * Improves uniformity, consistency, and transparency - Establishes the roles and responsibilities of the nine signatory agencies regarding electric transmission infrastructure project applicants * Provides single point of contact for coordinating all federal authorizations required to locate electric transmission facilities on federal land * Establishes DOE (under authority pursuant to section 216(h) of the FPA) as lead agency for coordinating all federal authorizations and related environmental
Transmission Congestion Study COMMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED EDISION...
Preparation of the 2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study COMMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED EDISION COMPANY OF NEW YORK. INC. AND ORANGE AND ROCKLAND UTILITIES, INC....
2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford...
Hartford Workshop 2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford Workshop On July 9, 2008, DOE hosted a regional pre-study workshop in Hartford, CT to receive...
2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Philadelphia...
Philadelphia Workshop 2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Philadelphia Workshop On December 6, 2011, DOE hosted a regional pre-study workshop in Philadelphia, PA...
of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Request for Information Relating to the Permitting of Transmission Lines Submitted as of March 28, 2012 2...
Lone Star Transmission LLC | Open Energy Information
LLC Place Juno Beach, Florida Zip 33408 Product Wholly owned subsidiary of FPL Energy, developing transmission lines. First project is the DFW Express high voltage DC...
Transmission Expansion Planning Using an AC Model
Jan 2, 2013 ... Abstract: Transmission expansion planning (TEP) is a rather complicated process which requires extensive studies to determine when, where�...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Issues Affecting Renewable...
issues related to the integration of renewable energy sources into the transmission system. Developing solutions to these challenges will enable higher penetrations of...
Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator | Open Energy...
Name Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator Place Carmel, IN References SGIC1 No information has been entered for this organization. Add Organization This article is a...
Transmission eigenvalues for operators with constant coefficients
In this paper we study the interior transmission problem and transmission eigenvalues for multiplicative perturbations of linear partial differential operator of order $\\ge 2$ with constant real coefficients. Under suitable growth conditions on the symbol of the operator and the perturbation, we show the discreteness of the set of transmission eigenvalues and derive sufficient conditions on the existence of transmission eigenvalues. We apply these techniques to the case of the biharmonic operator and the Dirac system. In the hypoelliptic case we present a connection to scattering theory.
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Working With Us
Working With Us NREL works with industry, government, and academia on transmission integration research. Learn how you can work with us. Develop Technology Partnerships There are a...
American Transmission Company LLC | Open Energy Information
American Transmission Company LLC Place Waukesha, WI References SGIC1 No information has been entered for this organization. Add Organization This article is a stub. You can help...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Solar Integration National...
of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study and Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study datasets greatly advanced the modeling of wind and solar power production...
OFDM techniques for multimedia data transmission.
??Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient parallel data transmission scheme that has relatively recently become popular in both wired and wireless communication systems� (more)
Neville, K
Transmission planning in deregulated power markets.
??Transmission systems in deregulated power systems have largely been left to centralized network operators although various forms of participation by merchant operators have been proposed.� (more)
Panambarage Anton Jagath Fonseka.
The hidden value of transmission assets
Numerous utilities have realized that they can do better with their transmission assets than neutering them into ISOs and have proposed the creation of for-profit transmission companies (Transcos). This would turn transmission assets into equity with higher risk but also returns potentially higher than the regulated cost of capital. This article's contribution to the ongoing debate is to show that Transcos constitute a simple and robust solution to transmission congestion problems that would otherwise jeopardize the advent of competitive power markets. Policymakers and regulators should therefore view favorably the emergence of for-profit, regulated transmission companies, and leave them with reasonable room to recover their cost and earn a fully compensatory return on investment. Regulatory benevolence is crucial for Transcos, for electric power transmission is arguably the ultimate regulated activity: significant economies of scale and wide-ranging network externalities (the infamous loop flows) make operation and management of the grid a natural monopoly that must be regulated. A significant share of the value at stake therefore hinges on the regulator's attitude towards the for-profit transmission company: if the regulator is favorable, she will leave enough room to recover the variable and capital costs. If she is unfavorable, the proposition is simply a non-starter. This article first builds a public policy argument in favor of transmission companies, then discusses the key success factors required to create significant value in transmission: regulatory prowess and superior network management.
Nasser, T.O. (McKinsey and Co., Washington, DC (United States))
Northern Pass Transmission Line Project Environmental Impact...
Northern Pass Transmission Line Project Environmental Impact Statement: Announcement of Change in Public Meeting Location: Federal Register Notice Volume 78, No. 181 - September...
TransWest Express Transmission Project
a whollyowned subsidiary of the Anschutz Corporation. The Project consists of an overhead transmission line extending approximately 725 miles from south-central Wyoming crossing...
??This work examines issues in the pricing of financial transmission rights in the PJM market region. The US federal government is advocating the creation of� (more)
Posner, Barry
2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Oklahoma...
- Oklahoma City Workshop 2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Oklahoma City Workshop On June 18, 2008, DOE hosted a regional pre-study workshop in Oklahoma City,...
Directional Reactive Power Ground Plane Transmission - Energy ...
ORNL researchers have developed a pioneering power ... out-of-phase with respect to time. This phenomenon allows electrical transmission on a single ...
Transmission Line Security Monitor: Final Report
The Electric Power Transmission Line Security Monitor System Operational Test is a project funded by the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG). TSWG operates under the Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office that functions under the Department of Defense. The Transmission Line Security Monitor System is based on technology developed by Idaho National Laboratory. The technology provides a means for real-time monitoring of physical threats and/or damage to electrical transmission line towers and conductors as well as providing operational parameters to transmission line operators to optimize transmission line operation. The end use is for monitoring long stretches of transmission lines that deliver electrical power from remote generating stations to cities and industry. These transmission lines are generally located in remote transmission line corridors where security infrastructure may not exist. Security and operational sensors in the sensor platform on the conductors take power from the transmission line and relay security and operational information to operations personnel hundreds of miles away without relying on existing infrastructure. Initiated on May 25, 2007, this project resulted in pre-production units tested in realistic operational environments during 2010. A technology licensee, Lindsey Manufacturing of Azusa California, is assisting in design, testing, and ultimately production. The platform was originally designed for a security monitoring mission, but it has been enhanced to include important operational features desired by electrical utilities.
John Svoboda
Coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission...
Transmission Facilities-Interim Final Rule and Proposed Rule The utility operating companies of the American Electric Power System1 ("AEP") commend the Department of Energy...
Aug 3, 2009 ... Abstract: Expanding an electrical transmission network requires heavy investments that need to be carefully planned, often at a regional or�...
Data Transmission Performance of Graphene Interconnects
We are continuously improving the quality of CVD grown graphene layers to improve the bandwidth of transmission beyond the gigabits per second level.
Automated Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction for Nanomaterials ...
Presentation Title, Automated Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction for Nanomaterials Characterization in the SEM. Author(s), Scott Sitzman. On-Site Speaker�...
Helicopter Transmission Case Study - Programmaster.org
The transmission components showed damage that was consistent with continued operation without oil, which ... Failure Analysis of a Pressure Transmitter Line.
Gila to North Gila Transmission Line Rebuild
Western proposes to rebuild and upgrade two, parallel, 4.8-mile-long transmission lines located between Gila and North Gila Substations and take land actions...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration Home Page
Photo of transmission lines with a city in the background. NREL works with electric utilities, energy policymakers, and other industry partners to integrate large-scale renewable...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Research Staff
Research Staff Research Staff NREL's transmission grid integration research staff work to incorporate renewable energy into the transmission system primarily through NREL's Power Systems Engineering Center. Photo of Barbara O'Neill Barbara O'Neill, Transmission and Grid Integration Group Manager M.S., Energy Management and Policy, University of Pennsylvania Engineering Diploma, Petroleum Economics and Management, French Institute of Petroleum B.S., Electrical Engineering, Pratt Institute Barbara has a diverse background with expertise in such fields as wind and solar project development, energy forecasting, renewable energy power purchase agreements, interconnection issues, market structures, and stakeholder engagement. Barbara currently manages the Transmission and Grid
New England Outlook: Smart Grid is About Consumers,� Apr. [Transmission in the Smart Grid By Kory Walter Hedman ATransmission in the Smart Grid by Kory Walter Hedman Doctor
Experimental observation and quantum modeling of electron irradiation on single-wall carbon nanotubes
In situ experiments, based on electron irradiation at high temperature in a transmission electron microscope, are used to investigate isolated, packed and crossing single-wall nanotubes. During continuous, uniform atom removal, surfaces of isolated single-wall ...
J. -C. Charlier; M. Terrones; F. Banhart; N. Grobert; H. Terrones; P. M. Ajayan
Application for Presidential Permit OE Docket No. PP-230-4 International Transmission Company: Letter from New York Transmission Owners
Application from International Transmission Company to construct, operate, and maintain electric transmission facilities at the U.S. - Canada border.
OM The One-Angstrom Microscope (OM) is a mid-voltage transmission electron microscope (TEM) capable of producing images with sub-angstrom resolution. The basic instrument is a...
at: http://www.ftloutreach.com Xcel Energy, TransmissionCBED CapX Utilities Midwest Xcel Energy Voluntary UtilityElectric Transmission Study Xcel-31A Southwest Power Pool (
SEC). 2008. Form 10-K: Xcel Energy Inc. http://www.sec.gov/cost of transmission proposed in Xcel Energy 2001). SouthernApril. http://www.ftloutreach.com Xcel Energy Transmission
Mutual Design Considerations for Overhead AC Transmission Lines and Gas Transmission Pipelines, Volume 1: Engineering Analysis
This reference book presents data on an investigation into the mutual effects of electric power transmission lines and natural gas transmission pipelines sharing rights-of-way. Information is useful to both power and pipeline industry users.
Hydromechanical transmission with hydrodynamic drive
This transmission has a first planetary gear assembly having first input means connected to an input shaft, first output means, and first reaction means, and a second planetary gear assembly having second input means connected to the first input means, second output means, and second reaction means connected directly to the first reaction means by a reaction shaft. First clutch means, when engaged, connect the first output means to an output shaft in a high driving range. A hydrodynamic drive is used; for example, a torque converter, which may or may not have a stationary case, has a pump connected to the second output means, a stator grounded by an overrunning clutch to the case, and a turbine connected to an output member, and may be used in a starting phase. Alternatively, a fluid coupling or other type of hydrodynamic drive may be used. Second clutch means, when engaged, for connecting the output member to the output shaft in a low driving range. A variable-displacement hydraulic unit is mechanically connected to the input shaft, and a fixed-displacement hydraulic unit is mechanically connected to the reaction shaft. The hydraulic units are hydraulically connected together so that when one operates as a pump the other acts as a motor, and vice versa. Both clutch means are connected to the output shaft through a forward-reverse shift arrangement. It is possible to lock out the torque converter after the starting phase is over.
Orshansky, Jr., deceased, Elias (LATE OF San Francisco, CA); Weseloh, William E. (San Diego, CA)
Low cost Image Transmission System
Throughout the Department of Energy (DOE) complex, sites protect themselves with intrusion detection systems. Some of these systems have sensors in remote areas. These sensors frequently alarm -- not because they have detected a terrorist skulking around the area, but because they have detected a horse, or a dog, or a bush moving in the breeze. Even though the local security force is 99% sure there is no real threat, they must assess each of these nuisance or false alarms. Generally, the procedure consists of dispatching an inspector to drive to the area and make an assessment. This is expensive in terms of manpower and the assessment is not timely. Often, by the time the inspector arrives, the cause of the alarm has vanished. A television camera placed to view the area protected by the sensor could be used to help in this assessment, but this requires the installation of high-quality cable, optical fiber, or a microwave link. Further, to be of use at the present time, the site must have had the foresight to have installed these facilities in the past and have them ready for use now. What is needed is a device to place between the television camera and a modem connecting to a low-bandwidth channel such as radio or a telephone line. This paper discusses the development of such a device: an Image Transmission System, or ITS.
Skogmo, D.
Comments of New England Electric Transmission Corporation on Proposed Open
New England Electric Transmission Corporation on New England Electric Transmission Corporation on Proposed Open Access Requirement for International Electric Transmission Facilities Comments of New England Electric Transmission Corporation on Proposed Open Access Requirement for International Electric Transmission Facilities Motion to intervene out of time and comments of New England Electric Transmission Corporation, New England Hydro-Transmission Electric Company, Inc. and New England Hydro-Transmission Corporation and New England Power Company. Comments of New England Electric Transmission Corporation on Proposed Open Access Requirement for International Electric Transmission Facilities FE Docket No 99-1 (PP-76/EA-76) More Documents & Publications Ontario Power Generation Motion to Intervene & Comments in FE Docket No.
Transmission line protection based on travelling waves
Major problem of tripping signal of a relay based on steady state component does not warranty faster tripping schemes for protection of extra high voltage transmission lines. Proposed work has made an attempt to find solution to the problem of fault ... Keywords: postfault voltage, relaying signals, surge impedence, transmission line protection, travelling waves
Anuradha S. Deshpande; Grishma S. Shah
Information transmission through lossy bosonic memory channels
We study the information transmission through a quantum channel, defined over a continuous alphabet and losing its energy en route, in presence of correlated noise among different channel uses. We then show that entangled inputs improve the rate of transmission of such a channel.
Giovanna Ruggeri; Giulio Soliani; Vittorio Giovannetti; Stefano Mancini
Spatial mode properties of plasmon assisted transmission
Orbital angular momentum of photons is explored to study the spatial mode properties of plasmon assisted transmission process. We found that photons carrying different orbital angular momentums have different transmission efficiencies, while the coherence between these spatial modes can be preserved.
Xi-Feng Ren; Guo-Ping Guo; Yun-Feng Huang; Zhi-Wei Wang; Guang-Can Guo
Pricing transmission rights using ant colony optimization
We propose a novel idea for pricing Transmission Rights (which are similar to financial options) using a nature inspired meta heuristic algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). ACO has been used extensively in combinatorial optimization problems and ... Keywords: ant colony optimization, financial options, transmission rights
Sameer Kumar Singh; Ruppa K. Thulasiram; Parimala Thulasiraman
Transmission Investment: Nourishing a Gnarly Tree
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission needs to create a proper framework for investors to weigh the economic viability of transmission projects, then step aside. That means allowing investors and utilities to enter into more varied business models, while maintaining the integrity of the stand-alone transmission business.
Renner, Stein B.
On financial transmission rights and market power
This paper studies financial transmission rights in electricity pool markets with nodal pricing, when these rights are to be allocated by an auction mechanism. A market distribution function approach is used to investigate the effects on electricity ... Keywords: Electricity markets, Financial transmission rights, Nodal pricing
Geoffrey Pritchard; Andy Philpott
Ecological benefits of dc power transmission
The environmental effects of dc overhead transmission lines are examined. The major effects of ac and dc transmission lines are compared. Dc lines have advantages compared to ac lines in terms of electrical safety for people under the lines, biological effects, corona losses, and clearance width.
Kutuzova, N. B. [JSC 'NIIPT' (Russian Federation)
New Approaches to Managing Transmission Project Risk
This report discusses the growing risks associated with transmission development and the importance of managing or hedging these risks. It presents case studies to illustrate the risks and categorizes approaches to managing them. It describes two EPRI tools that may be useful in managing transmission development risks, suggests how these tools might be further developed, and identifies other useful areas of research.
Advanced experimental applications for x-ray transmission gratings spectroscopy using a novel grating fabrication method
A novel fabrication method for soft x-ray transmission grating and other optical elements is presented. The method uses focused-ion-beam technology to fabricate high-quality free standing grating bars on transmission electron microscopy grids. High quality transmission gratings are obtained with superb accuracy and versatility. Using these gratings and back-illuminated CCD camera, absolutely calibrated x-ray spectra can be acquired for soft x-ray source diagnostics in the 100-3000 eV spectral range. Double grating combinations of identical or different parameters are easily fabricated, allowing advanced one-shot application of transmission grating spectroscopy. These applications include spectroscopy with different spectral resolutions, bandwidths, dynamic ranges, and may serve for identification of high-order contribution, and spectral calibrations of various x-ray optical elements.
Hurvitz, G.; Ehrlich, Y.; Shpilman, Z.; Levy, I.; Fraenkel, M. [Plasma Physics Department, Applied Physics Division, Soreq NRC, Yavne (Israel); Strum, G. [Solid State Department, Applied Physics Division, Soreq NRC, Yavne (Israel)
Definition: Transmission Planner | Open Energy Information
Planner Planner Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Transmission Planner The entity that develops a long-term (generally one year and beyond) plan for the reliability (adequacy) of the interconnected bulk electric transmission systems within its portion of the Planning Authority Area.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, transmission line, planning authority, smart grid References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Transmission_Planner&oldid=502606" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties
Transmission Issues and Power Exchanges in Texas
The electric transmission system in Texas has evolved over the years to its present state, in order to provide reliable service and reduce the amount of reserve capacity any individual utility needs to maintain. Presently there is pressure on the transmission owning utilities by several parties, primary distribution cooperatives, cogenerators, and large industrial customers, to grant wider access to the system. This pressure is coming at a time when transmission lines are becoming increasingly difficult to build. This paper presents a historical background on the development of the transmission system and describes the problems of assessing the impact and properly pricing certain bulk power transactions. In addition, it briefly describes the Electro-Magnetic Fields problem and how it relates to new transmission line construction.
Hughes, H. L.
Coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission
Coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission Coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission Facilities-Interim Final Rule and Proposed Rule Coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission Facilities-Interim Final Rule and Proposed Rule The utility operating companies of the American Electric Power System1 ("AEP") commend the Department of Energy ("DOE") for its ongoing commitment to implement the provisions of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ("EPAct"), specifically, as addressed here, the DOE's continuing effort to establish procedures under which entities may request that DOE coordinate Federal authorizations for the siting of interstate transmission facilities. Coordination of Federal Authorizations for Electric Transmission Facilities-Interim Final Rule and Proposed Rule
Detailed high-accuracy megavoltage transmission measurements: A sensitive experimental benchmark of EGSnrc
Purpose: There are three goals for this study: (a) to perform detailed megavoltage transmission measurements in order to identify the factors that affect the measurement accuracy, (b) to use the measured data as a benchmark for the EGSnrc system in order to identify the computational limiting factors, and (c) to provide data for others to benchmark Monte Carlo codes. Methods: Transmission measurements are performed at the National Research Council Canada on a research linac whose incident electron parameters are independently known. Automated transmission measurements are made on-axis, down to a transmission value of {approx}1.7%, for eight beams between 10 MV (the lowest stable MV beam on the linac) and 30 MV, using fully stopping Be, Al, and Pb bremsstrahlung targets and no fattening filters. To diversify energy differentiation, data are acquired for each beam using low-Z and high-Z attenuators (C and Pb) and Farmer chambers with low-Z and high-Z buildup caps. Experimental corrections are applied for beam drifts (2%), polarity (2.5% typical maximum, 6% extreme), ion recombination (0.2%), leakage (0.3%), and room scatter (0.8%)-the values in parentheses are the largest corrections applied. The experimental setup and the detectors are modeled using EGSnrc, with the newly added photonuclear attenuation included (up to a 5.6% effect). A detailed sensitivity analysis is carried out for the measured and calculated transmission data. Results: The developed experimental protocol allows for transmission measurements with 0.4% uncertainty on the smallest signals. Suggestions for accurate transmission measurements are provided. Measurements and EGSnrc calculations agree typically within 0.2% for the sensitivity of the transmission values to the detector details, to the bremsstrahlung target material, and to the incident electron energy. Direct comparison of the measured and calculated transmission data shows agreement better than 2% for C (3.4% for the 10 MV beam) and typically better than 1% for Pb. The differences can be explained by acceptable photon cross section changes of Less-Than-Or-Slanted-Equal-To 0.4%. Conclusions: Accurate transmission measurements require accounting for a number of influence quantities which, if ignored, can collectively introduce errors larger than 10%. Accurate transmission calculations require the use of the most accurate data and physics options available in EGSnrc, particularly the more accurate bremsstrahlung angular sampling option and the newly added modeling of photonuclear attenuation. Comparison between measurements and calculations implies that EGSnrc is accurate within 0.2% for relative ion chamber response calculations. Photon cross section uncertainties are the ultimate limiting factor for the accuracy of the calculated transmission data (Monte Carlo or analytical).
Ali, E. S. M.; McEwen, M. R.; Rogers, D. W. O. [Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics, Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 (Canada); Ionizing Radiation Standards, Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council, M-35 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R5 (Canada); Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics, Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 (Canada)
CRSP Transmission Sales Rate History
Updated: 12/20/2013 Updated: 12/20/2013 CRSP Transmission Sales Rate History Rate Schedule Effective Dates Nonfirm (Mills/kWh) Firm ($/kW-yr.) Firm ($/kW-mo.) None Through 3/83 1.000 $ 6.60 $0.55 SP-FT1 4/83 - 6/86 N.A. $10.27 $0.86 SP-NFT1 4/83 - 6/86 2.000 N.A. SP-FT2 7/86 - 6/89 N.A. $15.94 $1.33 SP-NFT2 7/86 - 7/89 3.100 N.A. SP-FT3 7/89 - 9/92 N.A. $21.72 $1.81 SP-NFT3 8/89 - 3/98 Mutually Agreed N.A. SP-FT4 10/92 - 3/98 N.A. $22.68 $1.89 SP-NFT4 4/98 - 3/03 Mutually Agreed N.A. SP-PTP5 4/98 - 3/99 N.A. $26.70 $2.23 4/99 - 3/00 N.A. $26.19 $2.18 4/00 - 3/01 N.A. $26.14 $2.18 4/01 - 3/02 N.A. $25.63 $2.14 4/02 - 9/02 N.A. $21.33 $1.78 SP-NFT5 10/02 - 9/07 Mutually Agreed N.A. 10/07-9/08 Mutually Agreed N.A. SP-PTP6 10/02 - 9/03 N.A. $24.72 $2.06
Conductive Channel for Energy Transmission
For many years the attempts to create conductive channels of big length were taken in order to study the upper atmosphere and to settle special tasks, related to energy transmission. There upon the program of creation of 'Impulsar' represents a great interest, as this program in a combination with high-voltage high repetition rate electrical source can be useful to solve the above mentioned problems (N. Tesla ideas for the days of high power lasers). The principle of conductive channel production can be shortly described as follows. The 'Impulsar' - laser jet engine vehicle - propulsion take place under the influence of powerful high repetition rate pulse-periodic laser radiation. In the experiments the CO{sub 2}-laser and solid state Nd:YAG laser systems had been used. Active impulse appears thanks to air breakdown (<30 km) or to the breakdown of ablated material on the board (>30 km), placed in the vicinity of the focusing mirror-acceptor of the breakdown waves. With each pulse of powerful laser the device rises up, leaving a bright and dense trace of products with high degree of ionization and metallization by conductive nano-particles due to ablation. Conductive dust plasma properties investigation in our experiments was produced by two very effective approaches: high power laser controlled ablation and by explosion of wire. Experimental and theoretical results of conductive canal modeling will be presented. The estimations show that with already experimentally demonstrated figures of specific thrust impulse the lower layers of the Ionosphere can be reached in several ten seconds that is enough to keep the high level of channel conductivity and stability with the help of high repetition rate high voltage generator. Some possible applications for new technology are highlighted.
Apollonov, Victor V. [A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Vavilov Str. 38, Moscow, 119991 (Russian Federation)
Electron Transfer
3 3 Pierre Kennepohl1,2 and Edward Solomon1* 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Electron transfer, or the act of moving an electron from one place to another, is amongst the simplest of chemical processes, yet certainly one of the most critical. The process of efficiently and controllably moving electrons around is one of the primary regulation mechanisms in biology. Without stringent control of electrons in living organisms, life could simply not exist. For example, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation (to name but two of the most well-known biochemical activities) are driven by electron transfer processes. It is unsurprising, therefore, that much effort has been placed on understanding the fundamental principles that control and define the simple act of adding and/or removing electrons from chemical species.
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Application: Electronics
Application: Electronics. ... Suppression of Electrical Cable Fires: Development of a Standard PVC Cable Fire Test for ISO 14520-1.. Robin, ML ...
Vanishing electronics
Engineers are reinventing electronics by building safe devices that dissolve in the body or within the environment. The technology could redefine everything from medicine to computing.
Samuel Greengard
Kinetic effects on robustness of electron magnetohydrodynamic structures
Following recent remarkable progress in the development of high-power short-pulse lasers, exploration is ongoing into hitherto unknown phenomena at fast time scales of electrons, the understanding of which is becoming crucial. For a simplified description of such phenomena, the Electron Magnetohydrodynamics (EMHDs) fluid description is often adopted. For the possibility of electron transport in high-density plasma, exact solutions of the EMHD model in the form of electron vortex currents, together with their associated magnetic fields, have been considered. However, the fluid EMHD model does not incorporate kinetic effects. Here, the finite Larmor radius effects owing to a finite electron temperature on the robustness of the exact EMHD structures are investigated using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is found that larger EMHD vortex structures can sustain themselves for long periods, even in high temperature plasma; however, sustaining structures at higher temperatures tends to be difficult. With increasing temperature, electrons with finite Larmor radii become disengaged from the localized region. It is also shown that structures localized in smaller regions are more difficult to sustain. A quantitative criterion in terms of the structure size and Larmor radius has been established by simulations over a wide range of parameters. Finally, we conclude that a structure, larger than about eight times the typical Larmor radius at r=R, could form and exist even under the effects of finite electron temperature.
Hata, M. [Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan); Sakagami, H. [Fundamental Physics Simulation Research Division, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292 (Japan); Das, A. [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428 (India)
Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands
Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project This report provides an independent review included an initial evaluation of the technical configuration and capital costs of establishing an undersea cable system and examining impacts to the existing electric transmission systems as a result of interconnecting the islands. 50411.pdf More Documents & Publications Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS); Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project OAHU Wind Integration And Transmission Study: Summary Report, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS);
Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS); Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS); Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project This report provides an independent review included an initial evaluation of the technical configuration and capital costs of establishing an undersea cable system and examining impacts to the existing electric transmission systems as a result of interconnecting the islands. 50414.pdf More Documents & Publications Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project OAHU Wind Integration And Transmission Study: Summary Report, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Los Alamos: MST-MTM: EML: Electron Microscopy Laboratory
3000F High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope 3000F High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope JEOL 3000F High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope This is a high-resolution TEM equipped with an electron energy-loss spectrometer and a CCD camera for digital image acquisition. This microscope is used primarily for imaging the atomic structure of defects and interfaces in materials. Field emission electron source. Coherent source with an energy spread of 0.8 eV. Operation at accelerating voltages of up to 300 kV. +/- 10° of eucentric specimen tilt. Point to point resolution of 0.17 nm; 0.10 nm resolution can be extracted by computer processing. Gatan Multiscan CCD Camera for digital image acquisition. Automated microscope alignment: defocus calibration/adjustment, astigmatism correction and beam-tilt correction (automatic coma-free alignment).
Solar collector having a solid transmission medium
There is provided a radiant energy transmission device capable of operation in a concentrative mode in which energy incident on an entrance area is directed toward and concentrated on an exit area of smaller area than the entrance area. The device includes a solid radiant energy transmission medium having surfaces coincident with the entrance and exit areas and particularly contoured reflective side walls. The surface coinciding with the entrance area is coupled to a cover plate formed of a radiant energy transmissive material. An energy transducer is coupled to the surface of the medium coinciding with the exit area.
Schertz, William W. (Batavia, IL); Zwerdling, Solomon (Woodridge, IL)
Concurrent Wind Cooling in Power Transmission Lines
Idaho National Laboratory and the Idaho Power Company, with collaboration from Idaho State University, have been working on a project to monitor wind and other environmental data parameters along certain electrical transmission corridors. The combination of both real-time historical weather and environmental data is being used to model, validate, and recommend possibilities for dynamic operations of the transmission lines for power and energy carrying capacity. The planned results can also be used to influence decisions about proposed design criteria for or upgrades to certain sections of the transmission lines.
Jake P Gentle