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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Sedflux 2.0: An advanced process-response model that generates three-dimensional stratigraphy
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Sedflux 2.0 is the newest version of the Sedflux basin-filling model. Sedflux 2.0 provides a framework within which individual process-response models of disparate time and space resolutions communicate with one another to deliver multigrain-sized sediment ... Keywords: Boundary-layer transport, Flexure, Plumes, Stratigraphy, Turbidity currents
Eric W. H. Hutton; James P. M. Syvitski
Generative model transformer
The Generative Model Transformer (GMT) project is an Open Source initiative to build a Model Driven Architecure™ tool that allows fully customisable Platform Independent Models, Platform Description Models, Texture Mappings, and Refinement Transformations. ... Keywords: QVT, domain-specific languages, generative model transformer (GMT), model driven architecture (MDA), model transformation, open source
Jorn Bettin; Ghica van Emde Boas
Dynamic Whitelist Generation for Automated Response
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Methodology Methodology Results Dynamic Whitelist Generation for Automated Response Chris Strasburg, Josh Adams Ames Laboratory, US DOE firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com The Ames Laboratory, US DOE 1 Dynamic Whitelist Generation for Automated Response Introduction Methodology Results Outline 1 Introduction About Ames Laboratory Motivation 2 Methodology Data Classifiers Experiments 3 Results The Ames Laboratory, US DOE 2 Dynamic Whitelist Generation for Automated Response Introduction Methodology Results About Ames Laboratory Motivation Ames Physical Environment The Ames Laboratory, US DOE 3 Dynamic Whitelist Generation for Automated Response Introduction Methodology Results About Ames Laboratory Motivation Ames Network Environment The Ames Laboratory, US DOE 4 Dynamic Whitelist Generation for Automated Response Introduction Methodology Results About Ames
Model refinement using transient response
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
A method is presented for estimating uncertain or unknown parameters in a mathematical model using measurements of transient response. The method is based on a least squares formulation in which the differences between the model and test-based responses are minimized. An application of the method is presented for a nonlinear structural dynamic system. The method is also applied to a model of the Department of Energy armored tractor trailer. For the subject problem, the transient response was generated by driving the vehicle over a bump of prescribed shape and size. Results from the analysis and inspection of the test data revealed that a linear model of the vehicle`s suspension is not adequate to accurately predict the response caused by the bump.
Dohrmann, C.R.; Carne, T.G.
Environmental Considerations for Backup Generation Applications to Demand Response
This report investigates the pros and cons of customer backup generation (BUG) for offsetting electric demand through demand response programs. The report examines the environmental issues related to this technology and contrasts this information with air quality and environmental agency regulations prevalent in California, Texas, and the model emissions standards being developed in the United States.
Numerical Modeling of Gravity Wave Generation by Deep Tropical Convection
Although convective clouds are known to generate internal gravity waves, the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. The present study seeks to clarify the dynamics of wave generation using a high-resolution numerical model of deep ...
Todd P. Lane; Michael J. Reeder; Terry L. Clark
Neutron generator power supply modeling in EMMA
SciTech Connect
Sandia National Laboratories has prime responsibility for neutron generator design and manufacturing, and is committed to developing predictive tools for modeling neutron generator performance. An important aspect of understanding component performance is explosively driven ferroelectric power supply modeling. EMMA (ElectroMechanical Modeling in ALEGRA) is a three dimensional compile time version of Sandia`s ALEGRA code. The code is built on top of the general ALEGRA framework for parallel shock-physics computations but also includes additional capability for modeling the electric potential field in dielectrics. The overall package includes shock propagation due to explosive detonation, depoling of ferroelectric ceramics, electric field calculation and coupling with a general lumped element circuit equation system. The AZTEC parallel iterative solver is used to solve for the electric potential. The DASPK differential algebraic equation package is used to solve the circuit equation system. Sample calculations are described.
Robinson, A.C.; Farnsworth, A.V.; Montgomery, S.T.; Peery, J.S; Merewether, K.O.
Current responsive devices for synchronous generators
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A device for detecting current imbalance between phases of a polyphase alternating current generator. A detector responds to the maximum peak current in the generator, and detecting means generates an output for each phase proportional to the peak current of each phase. Comparing means generates an output when the maximum peak current exceeds the phase peak current.
Karlicek, Robert F. (Fullerton, CA)
A device for detecting current imbalance between phases of a polyphase alternating current generator. A detector responds to the maximum peak current in the generator, and detecting means generates an output for each phase proportional to the peak current of each phase. Comparing means generates an output when the maximum peak current exceeds the phase peak current. 11 figs.
Karlicek, R.F.
Nonlinear regression model generation using hyperparameter optimization
An algorithm of the inductive model generation and model selection is proposed to solve the problem of automatic construction of regression models. A regression model is an admissible superposition of smooth functions given by experts. Coherent Bayesian ... Keywords: Coherent Bayesian inference, Hyperparameters, Model generation, Model selection, Regression
Vadim Strijov; Gerhard Wilhelm Weber
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Generator Modeling
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Generator Modeling Generator Modeling NREL works with the solar and wind industries to provide utilities and grid operators with generator models to help them analyze the impact of variable generation on power system performance and reliability. As the amount of variable generation increases, the need for such models increases. Ensuring the models are as generic as possible allows for ease of use, model validation, data exchange, and analysis. To address this need, NREL researchers are developing generic dynamic models of wind and solar power plants. NREL's dynamic modeling efforts include: Collecting wind plant output data with corresponding wind resource data (speed, direction, and air density) from meteorological towers and performing multivariate analysis of the data to develop an equivalent wind
Ensemble Generation for Models of Multimodal Systems
In this work the performance of ensembles generated by commonly used methods in a nonlinear system with multiple attractors is examined. The model used here is a spectral truncation of a barotropic quasigeostrophic channel model. The system ...
Robert N. Miller; Laura L. Ehret
A hydrogeophysical synthetic model generator
HGmod is a computer program that builds on stochastic realizations of porosity fields to derive electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity and hydraulic permeability models. The presence of clay, the influence of salinity as well as temperature ... Keywords: Dielectric permittivity, Electrical conductivity, Hydrogeophysics, Modeling, Porosity
Bernard Giroux; Michel Chouteau
Stochastic Market Equilibrium Model For Generation Planning
It is widely accepted that medium-term generation planning can be advantageously modeled through market equilibrium representation. There exist several methods to define and solve this kind of equilibrium in a deterministic way. Medium-term planning ...
J. Barquín; E. Centeno; J. Reneses
Hardware model of a shipboard generator
E-Print Network (OSTI)
A hardware model of the Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) in use on the US Navy's DDG-51 Class Destroyer is constructed for use as a lab apparatus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Laboratory for Electromagnetic and ...
Elkins, Gregory L. (Gregory Lewis)
Modeling distributed generation in the buildings sectors
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Modeling distributed generation Modeling distributed generation in the buildings sectors August 2013 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Modeling distributed generation in the buildings sectors i This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other Federal agencies. July 2013 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Modeling distributed generation in the buildings sectors 1
Modeling a Helical-coil Steam Generator in RELAP5-3D for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant
Options for the primary heat transport loop heat exchangers for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant are currently being evaluated. A helical-coil steam generator is one heat exchanger design under consideration. Safety is an integral part of the helical-coil steam generator evaluation. Transient analysis plays a key role in evaluation of the steam generators safety. Using RELAP5-3D to model the helical-coil steam generator, a loss of pressure in the primary side of the steam generator is simulated. This report details the development of the steam generator model, the loss of pressure transient, and the response of the steam generator primary and secondary systems to the loss of primary pressure. Back ground on High Temperature Gas-cooled reactors, steam generators, the Next Generation Nuclear Plant is provided to increase the readers understanding of the material presented.
Nathan V. Hoffer; Piyush Sabharwall; Nolan A. Anderson
Introduction to Simplified Generation Risk Assessment Modeling
Life cycle management (LCM) and risk-informed asset management of nuclear power plants can benefit from improved prediction of the effect of equipment failures or degradation on plant productivity. The Generation Risk Assessment (GRA) model described in this report provides a systematic approach to estimating how equipment reliability relates to the risk of future lost generation from trips and derates and to prioritizing components and systems based on their importance to productivity.
Alternative methods of modeling wind generation using production costing models
This paper examines the methods of incorporating wind generation in two production costing models: one is a load duration curve (LDC) based model and the other is a chronological-based model. These two models were used to evaluate the impacts of wind generation on two utility systems using actual collected wind data at two locations with high potential for wind generation. The results are sensitive to the selected wind data and the level of benefits of wind generation is sensitive to the load forecast. The total production cost over a year obtained by the chronological approach does not differ significantly from that of the LDC approach, though the chronological commitment of units is more realistic and more accurate. Chronological models provide the capability of answering important questions about wind resources which are difficult or impossible to address with LDC models.
Milligan, M.R. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Pang, C.K. [P Plus Corp., Cupertino, CA (United States)
Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A
Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study Title Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study Publication Type Report Refereed Designation Unknown Year of Publication 2011 Authors Cappers, Peter, Andrew D. Mills, Charles A. Goldman, Ryan H. Wiser, and Joseph H. Eto Pagination 76 Date Published 10/2011 Publisher LBNL City Berkeley Keywords demand response, electricity markets and policy group, energy analysis and environmental impacts department, renewable generation integration, smart grid Abstract The penetration of renewable generation technology (e.g., wind, solar) is expected to dramatically increase in the United States during the coming years as many states are implementing policies to expand this sector through regulation and/or legislation. It is widely understood, though, that large scale deployment of certain renewable energy sources, namely wind and solar, poses system integration challenges because of its variable and often times unpredictable production characteristics (NERC, 2009). Strategies that rely on existing thermal generation resources and improved wind and solar energy production forecasts to manage this variability are currently employed by bulk power system operators, although a host of additional options are envisioned for the near future. Demand response (DR), when properly designed, could be a viable resource for managing many of the system balancing issues associated with integrating large-scale variable generation (VG) resources (NERC, 2009). However, demand-side options would need to compete against strategies already in use or contemplated for the future to integrate larger volumes of wind and solar generation resources. Proponents of smart grid (of which Advanced Metering Infrastructure or AMI is an integral component) assert that the technologies associated with this new investment can facilitate synergies and linkages between demand-side management and bulk power system needs. For example, smart grid proponents assert that system-wide implementation of advanced metering to mass market customers (i.e., residential and small commercial customers) as part of a smart grid deployment enables a significant increase in demand response capability.1 Specifically, the implementation of AMI allows electricity consumption information to be captured, stored and utilized at a highly granular level (e.g., 15-60 minute intervals in most cases) and provides an opportunity for utilities and public policymakers to more fully engage electricity customers in better managing their own usage through time-based rates and near-real time feedback to customers on their usage patterns while also potentially improving the management of the bulk power system. At present, development of time-based rates and demand response programs and the installation of variable generation resources are moving forward largely independent of each other in state and regional regulatory and policy forums and without much regard to the complementary nature of their operational characteristics.2 By 2020, the electric power sector is expected to add ~65 million advanced meters3 (which would reach ~47% of U.S. households) as part of smart grid and AMI4 deployments (IEE, 2010) and add ~40-80 GW of wind and solar capacity (EIA, 2010). Thus, in this scoping study, we focus on a key question posed by policymakers: what role can the smart grid (and its associated enabling technology) play over the next 5-10 years in helping to integrate greater penetration of variable generation resources by providing mass market customers with greater access to demand response opportunities? There is a well-established body of research that examines variable generation integration issues as well as demand response potential, but the nexus between the two has been somewhat neglected by the industry. The studies that have been conducted are informative concerning what could be accomplished with strong broad-based support for the expansion of demand response opportunities, but typically do not discuss the many barriers that stand in the way of reaching this potential. This study examines how demand side resources could be used to integrate wind and solar resources in the bulk power system, identifies barriers that currently limit the use of demand side strategies, and suggests several factors that should be considered in assessing alternative strategies that can be employed to integrate wind and solar resources in the bulk power system. It is difficult to properly gauge the role that DR could play in managing VG integration issues in the near future without acknowledging and understanding the entities and institutions that govern the interactions between variable generation and mass market customers (see Figure ES-1). Retail entities, like load-serving entities (LSE) and aggregators of retail customers (ARC), harness the demand response opportunities of mass market customers through tariffs (and DR programs) that are approved by state regulatory agencies or local governing entities (in the case of public power). The changes in electricity consumption induced by DR as well as the changes in electricity production due to the variable nature of wind and solar generation technologies is jointly managed by bulk power system operators. Bulk power system operators function under tariffs approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and must operate their systems in accordance with rules set by regional reliability councils. These reliability rules are derived from enforceable standards that are set by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and approved by federal regulators. Thus, the role that DR can play in managing VG integration issues is contingent on what opportunities state and local regulators are willing to approve and how customers' response to the DR opportunities can be integrated into the bulk power system both electrically (due to reliability rules) and financially (due to market rules).
Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study
Goldman, G. (2009) Retail demand response in Southwest PowerCoordination of retail demand response with Midwest ISO2010. 110 pages. Demand Response and Variable Generation
Cappers, Peter
A "natural" lexicalization model for language generation
We propose a general lexicalization model which accounts for how lexical units are selected and introduced in linguistic utterances during language generation. This model aims at "naturalness" by being based on actual lexical knowledge used in speech; consequently, it should be compatible with standard patterns of behavior shown by humans when they speak (flexibility in computing both content and form of linguistic utterances, prototypical types of mistakes and backtracking, etc.). The main advantage of our model, once implemented in automatic language generation, is that it takes into account fundamental differences that exist between lexical units, with regard to why and how they are used in texts. This is achieved by means of a stratificational approach to lexicalization, where each type of lexical unit is introduced at a proper level of representation, according to the role it plays in the enunciation. Section 1 offers a general characterization of the approach and makes explicit its main assumptions. Sections 2 to 4 successively examine the three levels of transition implied by the stratificational structuring of the model. Section 5 concludes with an examination of its relevance to the design of text generation systems. Keywords: language/text generation, lexicalization, lexical choice, Meaning-Text theory.
A. Polgučre
Simulation-based automatic generation of signomial and posynomial performance models for analog integrated circuit sizing
This paper presents a method to automatically generate posynomial response surface models for the performance parameters of analog integrated circuits. The posynomial models enable the use of efficient geometric programming techniques for circuit sizing ... Keywords: analog circuit modeling, design of experiments, geometric programming, posynomial and signomial response surface modeling
Walter Daems; Georges Gielen; Willy Sansen
Short-term hydroelectric generation model. Model documentation report
The purpose of this report is to define the objectives of the Energy Information Administration`s (EIA) Short-Term Hydroelectric Generation Model (STHGM), describe its basic approach, and to provide details on the model structure. This report is intended as a reference document for model analysts, users, and the general public. Documentation of the model is in accordance with the EIA`s legal obligation to provide adequate documentation in support of its models.
Effects of Numerics on the Physics in a Third-Generation Wind-Wave Model
Numerical errors in third-generation ocean wave models can result in a misinterpretation of the physics in the model. Using idealized situations, it is shown that numerical errors significantly influence the initial growth, the response of wave ...
Hendrik L. Tolman
Modeling and Simulation Data Generation.pub
Simulation Data Simulation Data Generation Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 Research Areas Freight Flows Passenger Flows Supply Chain Efficiency Transportation: Energy Environment Safety Security Vehicle Technologies Research Brief A n ORNL team supported the Rapid Data Generation (RDG) Project from 2009 to 2012. This work was performed for the Joint Training Integration and Evaluation Center and the Modeling and Simulation Coordination Office. The objective of RDG is to reduce the resources required to produce, integrate, and correlate data, eliminate or reduce duplicative efforts, and promote data commonality for modeling and simulation (M&S) activities across the Department of
Modeling and Model Validation for Variable Generation Technologies: Focus on Wind Generation
The influx of variable-generation technologies, particularly wind generation, into the bulk transmission grid has been tremendous over the past decade. This trend will likely continue, in light of national and state renewable portfolio standards. Thus, there is a need for generic, standard, and publicly available models for variable-generation technologies for power system planning studies. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), in collaboration with the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (...
Model documentation report: Short-Term Hydroelectric Generation Model
The purpose of this report is to define the objectives of the Short- Term Hydroelectric Generation Model (STHGM), describe its basic approach, and to provide details on the model structure. This report is intended as a reference document for model analysts, users, and the general public. Documentation of the model is in accordance with the Energy Information Administration`s (AYE) legal obligation to provide adequate documentation in support of its models (Public Law 94-385, Section 57.b.2). The STHGM performs a short-term (18 to 27- month) forecast of hydroelectric generation in the United States using an autoregressive integrated moving average (UREMIA) time series model with precipitation as an explanatory variable. The model results are used as input for the short-term Energy Outlook.
Not Available
Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Scoping Study
Market and Policy Barriers for Demand Market and Policy Barriers for Demand Response Providing Ancillary Services in U.S. Electricity Markets Peter Cappers, Jason MacDonald, Charles Goldman April 2013 Report Summary 1 Energy Analysis Department  Electricity Markets and Policy Group Presentation Overview  Objectives and Approach  Wholesale and Retail Market Environments  Market and Policy Barrier Typology  Prototypical Regional Barrier Assessment 2 Energy Analysis Department  Electricity Markets and Policy Group A Role for Demand Response to Provide Ancillary Services  Increasing penetration of renewable energy generation in U.S. electricity markets means that bulk power system operators will need to manage the variable and uncertain nature of many renewable resources
Stochastic Equilibrium Models for Generation Capacity Expansion
in household and tertiary and hence reduction of demand. The second reason is that the increasing interest for de- mand side management and the development of new technologies of the smart grid type will progressively introduce a true price response... , for the integrability property). This variant of the equilibrium model can be stated as follows. Let D(?) = (d(`, ?), ` ? L) and P (?) = (p(`, ?), ` ? L) denote the vectors of demand and price in the different time segments. Smart grid technologies aim, among other...
Ehrenmann, Andreas; Smeers, Yves
Statistical Models for Next Generation Sequencing Data
Three statistical models are developed to address problems in Next-Generation Sequencing data. The first two models are designed for RNA-Seq data and the third is designed for ChIP-Seq data. The first of the RNA-Seq models uses a Bayesian non- parametric model to detect genes that are differentially expressed across treatments. A negative binomial sampling distribution is used for each gene's read count such that each gene may have its own parameters. Despite the consequent large number of parameters, parsimony is imposed by a clustering inherent in the Bayesian nonparametric framework. A Bayesian discovery procedure is adopted to calculate the probability that each gene is differentially expressed. A simulation study and real data analysis show this method will perform at least as well as existing leading methods in some cases. The second RNA-Seq model shares the framework of the first model, but replaces the usual random partition prior from the Dirichlet process by a random partition prior indexed by distances from Gene Ontology (GO). The use of the external biological information yields improvements in statistical power over the original Bayesian discovery procedure. The third model addresses the problem of identifying protein binding sites for ChIP-Seq data. An exact test via a stochastic approximation is used to test the hypothesis that the treatment effect is independent of the sequence count intensity effect. The sliding window procedure for ChIP-Seq data is followed. The p-value and the adjusted false discovery rate are calculated for each window. For the sites identified as peak regions, three candidate models are proposed for characterizing the bimodality of the ChIP-Seq data, and the stochastic approximation in Monte Carlo (SAMC) method is used for selecting the best of the three. Real data analysis shows that this method produces comparable results as other existing methods and is advantageous in identifying bimodality of the data.
Wang, Yiyi
Modeling Distributed Electricity Generation in the NEMS Buildings Models
Reports and Publications (EIA)
This paper presents the modeling methodology, projected market penetration, and impact of distributed generation with respect to offsetting future electricity needs and carbon dioxide emissions in the residential and commercial buildings sector in the Annual Energy Outlook 2000 (AEO2000) reference case.
Erin Boedecker
Greenhouse Gas–induced Climate Change Simulated with the CCC Second-Generation General Circulation Model
The Canadian Climate Centre second-generation atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed-layer ocean incorporating thermodynamic sea ice is used to simulate the equilibrium climate response to a doubling of C02. Features of the ...
G. J. Boer; N. A. McFarlane; M. Lazare
Generating color terrain images in an emergency response system
The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) provides real-time assessments of the consequences resulting from an atmospheric release of radioactive material. In support of this operation, a system has been created which integrates numerical models, data acquisition systems, data analysis techniques, and professional staff. Of particular importance is the rapid generation of graphical images of the terrain surface in the vicinity of the accident site. A terrain data base and an associated acquisition system have been developed that provide the required terrain data. This data is then used as input to a collection of graphics programs which create and display realistic color images of the terrain. The graphics system currently has the capability of generating color shaded relief images from both overhead and perspective viewpoints within minutes. These images serve to quickly familiarize ARAC assessors with the terrain near the release location, and thus permit them to make better informed decisions in modeling the behavior of the released material. 7 refs., 8 figs.
Belles, R.D.
STELLOPT Modeling of the 3D Diagnostic Response in ITER
The ITER three dimensional diagnostic response to an n=3 resonant magnetic perturbation is modeled using the STELLOPT code. The in-vessel coils apply a resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fi eld which generates a 4 cm edge displacement from axisymmetry as modeled by the VMEC 3D equilibrium code. Forward modeling of flux loop and magnetic probe response with the DIAGNO code indicates up to 20 % changes in measured plasma signals. Simulated LIDAR measurements of electron temperature indicate 2 cm shifts on the low field side of the plasma. This suggests that the ITER diagnostic will be able to diagnose the 3D structure of the equilibria.
Lazerson, Samuel A
Interdependency modeling and emergency response
In large-scale disaster events, infrastructure owners are faced with many challenges in deciding the allocation ofresources for preparation and response actions. This decision process involves building situation awareness, evaluating course of action, ... Keywords: critical infrastructure, discrete event simulation, infrastructure interdependency analysis
Donald D. Dudenhoeffer; May R. Permann; Steven Woolsey; Robert Timpany; Chuck Miller; Anthony McDermott; Milos Manic
Generation and Transmission Maximization Model | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Generation and Transmission Maximization Model Generation and Transmission Maximization Model Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Generation and Transmission Maximization Model Agency/Company /Organization: Argonne National Laboratory Sector: Energy Topics: Pathways analysis Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Desktop Application Website: www.dis.anl.gov/projects/Gtmax.html Cost: Paid Generation and Transmission Maximization Model Screenshot References: Generation and Transmission Maximization Model [1] Logo: Generation and Transmission Maximization Model The GTMax model helps researchers study complex marketing and system operational issues. With the aid of this comprehensive model, utility operators and managers can maximize the value of the electric system, taking into account not only its limited energy and transmission resources,
Electric Water Heater Modeling and Control Strategies for Demand Response
Abstract— Demand response (DR) has a great potential to provide balancing services at normal operating conditions and emergency support when a power system is subject to disturbances. Effective control strategies can significantly relieve the balancing burden of conventional generators and reduce investment on generation and transmission expansion. This paper is aimed at modeling electric water heaters (EWH) in households and tests their response to control strategies to implement DR. The open-loop response of EWH to a centralized signal is studied by adjusting temperature settings to provide regulation services; and two types of decentralized controllers are tested to provide frequency support following generator trips. EWH models are included in a simulation platform in DIgSILENT to perform electromechanical simulation, which contains 147 households in a distribution feeder. Simulation results show the dependence of EWH response on water heater usage . These results provide insight suggestions on the need of control strategies to achieve better performance for demand response implementation. Index Terms— Centralized control, decentralized control, demand response, electrical water heater, smart grid
Diao, Ruisheng; Lu, Shuai; Elizondo, Marcelo A.; Mayhorn, Ebony T.; Zhang, Yu; Samaan, Nader A.
Mass Market Demand Response and Mass Market Demand Response and Mass Market Demand Response and Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: Variable Generation Integration Issues: Variable Generation Integration Issues: Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study A Scoping Study Peter Cappers, Andrew Mills, Charles Goldman, Ryan Wiser, Joseph H. Eto Report Summary October 2011 Energy Analysis Department  Electricity Markets and Policy Group 1 1 Presentation Overview Presentation Overview  Objectives and Approach  Variable Generation Resources and the Bulk Power System  Demand Response Opportunities  Demand Response as a Strategy to Integrate p gy g Variable Generation Resources  Comparison of Various Strategies to Integrate Variable Generation  Conclusions Energy Analysis Department  Electricity Markets and Policy Group
Advanced Atmospheric Modeling for Emergency Response
Atmospheric transport and diffusion models are an important part of emergency response systems for industrial facilities that have the potential to release significant quantities of toxic or radioactive material into the atmosphere. An advanced ...
Jerome D. Fast; B. Lance O'steen; Robert P. Addis
Stochastic Precipitation Generation Based on a Multivariate Autoregression Model
The problem of stochastic precipitation generation has long been of interest. A good generator should produce time series with statistical properties to match those of the real precipitation. Here, a multivariate autoregression model designed to ...
Oleg V. Makhnin; Devon L. McAllister
Systematic Testing of Model-Based Code Generators
Unlike for conventional compilers for imperative programming languages such as C or ADA, no establishedmethods for safeguarding artifacts generated by model-based code generators exist despite progress in the field of formalverification. Several test ... Keywords: Testing and Debugging
Ingo Stuermer; Mirko Conrad; Heiko Doerr; Peter Pepper
Modeling and Analysis of Renewable Generation in a Sustainable Portfolio
This Technical Update reports the results of work to enhance EPRIs financial model of the U.S. electric sector by improving the representations for the role wind and biomass generation in the future U.S. generation mix. The model simulates generation capacity expansion and dispatch at the national and regional levels over the period 2010 to 2050. The model evaluates the possible effects of climate policy, renewable portfolio standard (RPS), energy efficiency, technology availability, and market scenarios...
Bayesian Modeling of Pitting Corrosion in Steam Generators.
??Steam generators in nuclear power plants experienced varying degrees of under-deposit pitting corrosion. A probabilistic model to accurately predict pitting corrosion is necessary for effective… (more)
Mao, Dan
Mechanical Characterization and Modeling of Next-Generation Solid ...
Symposium, Energy Conversion/Fuel Cells. Presentation Title, Mechanical Characterization and Modeling of Next-Generation Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Stacks.
Developing Models and Test Structures of Next-Generation ...
Abstract Scope, We are developing models and test structures of next-generation photovoltaics. In order to flexibly treat 2D and 3D nanostructures, with full ...
Dynamic Simulation Studies of the Frequency Response of the Three U.S. Interconnections with Increased Wind Generation
2009. "North America Dynamic Wind Generator Modeling Update,work performed by the WECC Wind Generator Modeling Group andIEEE Dynamic Performance of Wind Power Generation Working
Mackin, Peter
Model Recovery Procedure for Response to a Radiological Transportation...
for Response to a Radiological Transportation Incident Model Recovery Procedure for Response to a Radiological Transportation Incident This Transportation Emergency...
A generative model for dynamic canvas motion
We present techniques for constructing realistic canvas and paper models and for enabling interactive dynamic canvas motion. Dynamic canvas motion means that there is a correspondence between the motion of canvas features and the motion of the models ...
Matthew Kaplan; Elaine Cohen
Modeling and simulation of consumer response to dynamic pricing.
Assessing the impacts of dynamic-pricing under the smart grid concept is becoming extremely important for deciding its full deployment. In this paper, we develop a model that represents the response of consumers to dynamic pricing. In the model, consumers use forecasted day-ahead prices to shift daily energy consumption from hours when the price is expected to be high to hours when the price is expected to be low while maintaining the total energy consumption as unchanged. We integrate the consumer response model into the Electricity Market Complex Adaptive System (EMCAS). EMCAS is an agent-based model that simulates restructured electricity markets. We explore the impacts of dynamic-pricing on price spikes, peak demand, consumer energy bills, power supplier profits, and congestion costs. A simulation of an 11-node test network that includes eight generation companies and five aggregated consumers is performed for a period of 1 month. In addition, we simulate the Korean power system.
Valenzuela, J.; Thimmapuram, P.; Kim, J (Decision and Information Sciences); (Auburn Univ.)
Distributed generation capabilities of the national energy modeling system
This report describes Berkeley Lab's exploration of how the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) models distributed generation (DG) and presents possible approaches for improving how DG is modeled. The on-site electric generation capability has been available since the AEO2000 version of NEMS. Berkeley Lab has previously completed research on distributed energy resources (DER) adoption at individual sites and has developed a DER Customer Adoption Model called DER-CAM. Given interest in this area, Berkeley Lab set out to understand how NEMS models small-scale on-site generation to assess how adequately DG is treated in NEMS, and to propose improvements or alternatives. The goal is to determine how well NEMS models the factors influencing DG adoption and to consider alternatives to the current approach. Most small-scale DG adoption takes place in the residential and commercial modules of NEMS. Investment in DG ultimately offsets purchases of electricity, which also eliminates the losses associated with transmission and distribution (T&D). If the DG technology that is chosen is photovoltaics (PV), NEMS assumes renewable energy consumption replaces the energy input to electric generators. If the DG technology is fuel consuming, consumption of fuel in the electric utility sector is replaced by residential or commercial fuel consumption. The waste heat generated from thermal technologies can be used to offset the water heating and space heating energy uses, but there is no thermally activated cooling capability. This study consists of a review of model documentation and a paper by EIA staff, a series of sensitivity runs performed by Berkeley Lab that exercise selected DG parameters in the AEO2002 version of NEMS, and a scoping effort of possible enhancements and alternatives to NEMS current DG capabilities. In general, the treatment of DG in NEMS is rudimentary. The penetration of DG is determined by an economic cash-flow analysis that determines adoption based on the n umber of years to a positive cash flow. Some important technologies, e.g. thermally activated cooling, are absent, and ceilings on DG adoption are determined by some what arbitrary caps on the number of buildings that can adopt DG. These caps are particularly severe for existing buildings, where the maximum penetration for any one technology is 0.25 percent. On the other hand, competition among technologies is not fully considered, and this may result in double-counting for certain applications. A series of sensitivity runs show greater penetration with net metering enhancements and aggressive tax credits and a more limited response to lowered DG technology costs. Discussion of alternatives to the current code is presented in Section 4. Alternatives or improvements to how DG is modeled in NEMS cover three basic areas: expanding on the existing total market for DG both by changing existing parameters in NEMS and by adding new capabilities, such as for missing technologies; enhancing the cash flow analysis but incorporating aspects of DG economics that are not currently represented, e.g. complex tariffs; and using an external geographic information system (GIS) driven analysis that can better and more intuitively identify niche markets.
LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi; Edwards, Jennifer L.; Marnay, Chris
Spherical Harmonic Analysis of a Model-Generated Climatology
Monthly mean fields of 850 mb temperature (T850), 500 mb geopetential height (G500) and sea level pressure (SLP) were generated in the course of a 5-year climate simulation run with a global general circulation model. Both the model-generated ...
Zaphiris D. Christidis; Jerome Spar
Modeling Hydraulic Responses to Meteorological Forcing: from Canopy to Aquifer
equations for some soil hydraulic properties. Water Modeling Hydraulic Responses to Meteorological Forcing: CA 94720 email@example.com Modeling Hydraulic Responses to
Pan, Lehua; Jin, Jiming; Miller, Norman; Wu, Yu-Shu; Bodvarsson, Gudmundur
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Steam Generator Modelling
This paper investigates the use of different Artificial Intelligence methods to predict the values of several continuous variables from a Steam Generator. The objective was to determine how the different artificial intelligence methods performed in making predictions on the given dataset. The artificial intelligence methods evaluated were Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems. The types of neural networks investigated were Multi-Layer Perceptions, and Radial Basis Function. Bayesian and committee techniques were applied to these neural networks. Each of the AI methods considered was simulated in Matlab. The results of the simulations showed that all the AI methods were capable of predicting the Steam Generator data reasonably accurately. However, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference system out performed the other methods in terms of accuracy and ease of implementation, while still achieving a fast execution time as well as a reasonable training time.
Wright, Sarah
Mathematical modeling to predict residential solid waste generation
One of the challenges faced by waste management authorities is determining the amount of waste generated by households in order to establish waste management systems, as well as trying to charge rates compatible with the principle applied worldwide, and design a fair payment system for households according to the amount of residential solid waste (RSW) they generate. The goal of this research work was to establish mathematical models that correlate the generation of RSW per capita to the following variables: education, income per household, and number of residents. This work was based on data from a study on generation, quantification and composition of residential waste in a Mexican city in three stages. In order to define prediction models, five variables were identified and included in the model. For each waste sampling stage a different mathematical model was developed, in order to find the model that showed the best linear relation to predict residential solid waste generation. Later on, models to explore the combination of included variables and select those which showed a higher R{sup 2} were established. The tests applied were normality, multicolinearity and heteroskedasticity. Another model, formulated with four variables, was generated and the Durban-Watson test was applied to it. Finally, a general mathematical model is proposed to predict residential waste generation, which accounts for 51% of the total.
Ojeda Benitez, Sara [Engineering Institute, UABC, Boulevard Benito Juarez y Calle de la Normal S/N, Col. Insurgentes Este, C.P. 21280, Mexicali, Baja California (Mexico)], E-mail: email@example.com; Lozano-Olvera, Gabriela [Engineering Institute, UABC, Boulevard Benito Juarez y Calle de la Normal S/N, Col. Insurgentes Este, C.P. 21280, Mexicali, Baja California (Mexico); Morelos, Raul Adalberto [CESUES Superior Studies Center, San Luis R.C. Sonora (Mexico); Vega, Carolina Armijo de [Engineering Faculty, UABC, Km 103, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California (Mexico)
Natural circulation steam generator model for optimal steam generator water level control
Several authors have cited the control of steam generator water level as an important problem in the operation of pressurized water reactor plants. In this paper problems associated with steam generator water level control are identified, and advantages of modern estimation and control theory in dealing with these problems are discussed. A new state variable steam generator model and preliminary verification results using data from the loss of fluid test (LOFT) plant are also presented.
Feeley, J.J.
Technical Manual for the SAM Biomass Power Generation Model
This technical manual provides context for the implementation of the biomass electric power generation performance model in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) System Advisor Model (SAM). Additionally, the report details the engineering and scientific principles behind the underlying calculations in the model. The framework established in this manual is designed to give users a complete understanding of behind-the-scenes calculations and the results generated.
Jorgenson, J.; Gilman, P.; Dobos, A.
Automatic generation of weather forecast texts using comprehensive probabilistic generation-space models
Two important recent trends in natural language generation are (i) probabilistic techniques and (ii) comprehensive approaches that move away from traditional strictly modular and sequential models. This paper reports experiments in which pCRU ...
Anja Belz
Source Terms in a Third-Generation Wind Wave Model
A new third-generation ocean wind wave model is presented. This model is based on previously developed input and nonlinear interaction source terms and a new dissipation source term. It is argued that the dissipation source term has to be modeled ...
Hendrik L. Tolman; Dmitry Chalikov
Utility Studies Utility Studies LBNL-6248E Peter Cappers, Annika Todd, Charles Goldman June 2013 1 Presentation Overview * Objectives and Approach * Details of CBS Projects * Summary and Conclusions 2 LBNL - Smart Grid Investment Grant Consumer Behavior Study Analysis Background on Smart Grid Investment Grant's Consumer Behavior Studies * The U.S. DOE's Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) program includes projects studying the response of mass market consumers (i.e., residential and small commercial customers) to time-based rate programs * DOE is seeking to apply a consistent study design and analysis framework for these Consumer Behavior Studies (CBS) * The goal is to conduct comparative analysis of the impacts of AMI, time-based rate programs and enabling technologies that
Bottom-up generative modeling of tree-structured data
We introduce a compositional probabilistic model for treestructured data that defines a bottom-up generative process from the leaves to the root of a tree. Contextual state transitions are introduced from the joint configuration of the children to the ...
Davide Bacciu; Alessio Micheli; Alessandro Sperduti
A Hybrid Model for Hydroturbine Generating Unit Trend Analysis
According to the nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics of hydroelectricity systems, an hybrid prediction model based on wavelet transform and support vector machines is proposed in this paper for the trend analysis of hydroturbine generating unit ...
Min Zou; Jianzhong Zhou; Zhong Liu; Liangliang Zhan
Frequency Response Adequacy and Assessment: Global Industry Practices and Potential Impact of Changing Generation Mix
The electric power industry, the North American Reliability Corporation (NERC) and the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) have expressed concerns about frequency response of the North American power system, which has declined over the past few decades. The industry is concerned about having adequate primary frequency control (governing), automatic generation control (AGC), operating reserve and ramping resources to meet frequency response needs, in light of the changing generation ...
Combustion technology developments in power generation in response to environmental challenges
Combustion technology developments in power generation in response to environmental challenges J Abstract Combustion system development in power generation is discussed ranging from the pre-environmental era in which the objectives were complete combustion with a minimum of excess air and the capability
Kammen, Daniel M.
The electric power industry, the North American Reliability Corporation (NERC), and the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) have expressed concerns about frequency response of the North American power system, which has supposedly declined over the past few decades. In light of the changing generation mix due to increasing penetration of variable generation and planned retirement of fossil-fired generation, the industry is concerned about having adequate primary frequency control ...
Model of Gamma Frequency Burst Discharge Generated by Conditional Backpropagation
Doiron, Brent, Andre´ Longtin, Ray W. Turner, and Leonard Maler. Model of gamma frequency burst dischargeModel of Gamma Frequency Burst Discharge Generated by Conditional Backpropagation BRENT DOIRON,1 ANDRE´ LONGTIN,1 RAY W. TURNER,2 AND LEONARD MALER3 1 Physics Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa
Longtin, André
Generating seamless surfaces for transport and dispersion modeling in GIS
A standard use of triangulation in GIS is to model terrain surface using TIN. In many simulation models of physical phenomena, triangulation is often used to depict the entire spatial domain, which may include buildings, landmarks and other surface objects ... Keywords: CAD, Computational fluid dynamics, Computational geometry, GIS, Mesh generation, Transport and dispersion
Fernando Camelli; Jyh-Ming Lien; Dayong Shen; David W. Wong; Matthew Rice; Rainald Löhner; Chaowei Yang
DOE Hydrogen Analysis Repository: Second Generation Model (SGM)
Second Generation Model (SGM) Second Generation Model (SGM) Project Summary Full Title: Second Generation Model (SGM) Project ID: 166 Principal Investigator: Roland Sands Brief Description: The SGM projects economic activity, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for each region in five-year time steps from 1990 through 2050. Purpose Project economic activity, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for various regions. Performer Principal Investigator: Roland Sands Organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Address: 8400 Baltimore Avenue, JGCRI College Park, MD 20740 Telephone: 301-314-6765 Email: email@example.com Project Description Type of Project: Model Category: Energy Infrastructure, Environmental, Macro-Economic User Inputs: Factor productivity growth rates by sector (9 in SGM 98) and region; capital stocks by vintage, demographic determinants (endogenous demographics), fossil and non-fossil fuel resources
Steam Generator Management Program: Simulation Model for Eddy Current Steam Generator Inspection
BackgroundEddy current techniques are used widely to evaluate the integrity of steam generator (SG) tubes in nuclear power plants. A variety of commercial probes have been used by industry; it is well known that eddy current probe responses change as the tube condition changes. Other factors that influence the eddy current signal include deposits, loose parts, and denting. Postulated SG conditions have been mocked up in the laboratory; however, capabilities are limited ...
Steam generator and circulator model for the HELAP code
An outline is presented of the work carried out in the 1974 fiscal year on the GCFBR safety research project consisting of the development of improved steam generator and circulator (steam turbine driven helium compressor) models which will eventually be inserted in the HELAP (1) code. Furthermore, a code was developed which will be used to generate steady state input for the primary and secondary sides of the steam generator. The following conclusions and suggestions for further work are made: (1) The steam-generator and circulator model are consistent with the volume and junction layout used in HELAP, (2) with minor changes these models, when incorporated in HELAP, could be used to simulate a direct cycle plant, (3) an explicit control valve model is still to be developed and would be very desirable to control the flow to the turbine during a transient (initially this flow will be controlled by using the existing check valve model); (4) the friction factor in the laminar flow region is computed inaccurately, this might cause significant errors in loss-of-flow accidents; and (5) it is felt that HELAP will still use a large amount of computer time and will thus be limited to design basis accidents without scram or loss of flow transients with and without scram. Finally it may also be used as a test bed for the development of prototype component models which would be incorporated in a more sophisticated system code, developed specifically for GCFBR's. (auth)
Ludewig, H.
ERCOT's Dynamic Model of Wind Turbine Generators: Preprint
By the end of 2003, the total installed wind farm capacity in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) system was approximately 1 gigawatt (GW) and the total in the United States was about 5 GW. As the number of wind turbines installed throughout the United States increases, there is a greater need for dynamic wind turbine generator models that can properly model entire power systems for different types of analysis. This paper describes the ERCOT dynamic models and simulations of a simple network with different types of wind turbine models currently available.
Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.; Conto, J.; Donoho, K.
Generating exact D-optimal designs for polynomial models
This paper compares several optimization algorithms that can be used to generate exact D-optimal designs (i.e., designs for a specified number of runs) for any polynomial model. The merits and limitations of each algorithm are demonstrated on ... Keywords: general linear regression, mathematical optimization, optimal experimental design
Jacob E. Boon
Portfolio Revenues in a Changing Power Infrastructure: Responses of Existing Generation to New Wind Capacity
Owners of generating units must frequently reevaluate the financial and physical operations of their units in order to assess impacts of changing business regulatory conditions and to consider how investments to improve efficiency, flexibility, and emissions will perform. A little understood development now occurring is growth in wind capacity in response to state renewable performance standards. This report describes a case study of how new wind generation can affect the revenues and operation of existi...
Cost and Performance Assumptions for Modeling Electricity Generation Technologies
The goal of this project was to compare and contrast utility scale power plant characteristics used in data sets that support energy market models. Characteristics include both technology cost and technology performance projections to the year 2050. Cost parameters include installed capital costs and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. Performance parameters include plant size, heat rate, capacity factor or availability factor, and plant lifetime. Conventional, renewable, and emerging electricity generating technologies were considered. Six data sets, each associated with a different model, were selected. Two of the data sets represent modeled results, not direct model inputs. These two data sets include cost and performance improvements that result from increased deployment as well as resulting capacity factors estimated from particular model runs; other data sets represent model input data. For the technologies contained in each data set, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was also evaluated, according to published cost, performance, and fuel assumptions.
Tidball, R.; Bluestein, J.; Rodriguez, N.; Knoke, S.
New Zealand Interactive Electricity Generation Cost Model 2010 | Open
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » New Zealand Interactive Electricity Generation Cost Model 2010 Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: New Zealand Interactive Electricity Generation Cost Model 2010 Agency/Company /Organization: New Zealand Energy Authority Sector: Energy Topics: Finance, Implementation, Co-benefits assessment Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Spreadsheet Website: www.med.govt.nz/templates/MultipageDocumentTOC____45553.aspx Country: New Zealand Cost: Free Australia and New Zealand Coordinates: -40.900557°, 174.885971°
Revisions to the hydrogen gas generation computer model
Waste Management Technology has requested SRTC to maintain and extend a previously developed computer model, TRUGAS, which calculates hydrogen gas concentrations within the transuranic (TRU) waste drums. TRUGAS was written by Frank G. Smith using the BASIC language and is described in the report A Computer Model of gas Generation and Transport within TRU Waste Drums (DP- 1754). The computer model has been partially validated by yielding results similar to experimental data collected at SRL and LANL over a wide range of conditions. The model was created to provide the capability of predicting conditions that could potentially lead to the formation of flammable gas concentrations within drums, and to assess proposed drum venting methods. The model has served as a tool in determining how gas concentrations are affected by parameters such as filter vent sizes, waste composition, gas generation values, the number and types of enclosures, water instrusion into the drum, and curie loading. The success of the TRUGAS model has prompted an interest in the program`s maintenance and enhancement. Experimental data continues to be collected at various sites on such parameters as permeability values, packaging arrangements, filter designs, and waste contents. Information provided by this data is used to improve the accuracy of the model`s predictions. Also, several modifications to the model have been made to enlarge the scope of problems which can be analyzed. For instance, the model has been used to calculate hydrogen concentrations inside steel cabinets containing retired glove boxes (WSRC-RP-89-762). The revised TRUGAS computer model, H2GAS, is described in this report. This report summarizes all modifications made to the TRUGAS computer model and provides documentation useful for making future updates to H2GAS.
Jerrell, J.W.
Waste Management Technology has requested SRTC to maintain and extend a previously developed computer model, TRUGAS, which calculates hydrogen gas concentrations within the transuranic (TRU) waste drums. TRUGAS was written by Frank G. Smith using the BASIC language and is described in the report A Computer Model of gas Generation and Transport within TRU Waste Drums (DP- 1754). The computer model has been partially validated by yielding results similar to experimental data collected at SRL and LANL over a wide range of conditions. The model was created to provide the capability of predicting conditions that could potentially lead to the formation of flammable gas concentrations within drums, and to assess proposed drum venting methods. The model has served as a tool in determining how gas concentrations are affected by parameters such as filter vent sizes, waste composition, gas generation values, the number and types of enclosures, water instrusion into the drum, and curie loading. The success of the TRUGAS model has prompted an interest in the program's maintenance and enhancement. Experimental data continues to be collected at various sites on such parameters as permeability values, packaging arrangements, filter designs, and waste contents. Information provided by this data is used to improve the accuracy of the model's predictions. Also, several modifications to the model have been made to enlarge the scope of problems which can be analyzed. For instance, the model has been used to calculate hydrogen concentrations inside steel cabinets containing retired glove boxes (WSRC-RP-89-762). The revised TRUGAS computer model, H2GAS, is described in this report. This report summarizes all modifications made to the TRUGAS computer model and provides documentation useful for making future updates to H2GAS.
Electricity Generation Cost Simulation Model (GenSim)
The Electricity Generation Cost Simulation Model (GenSim) is a user-friendly, high-level dynamic simulation model that calculates electricity production costs for variety of electricity generation technologies, including: pulverized coal, gas combustion turbine, gas combined cycle, nuclear, solar (PV and thermal), and wind. The model allows the user to quickly conduct sensitivity analysis on key variables, including: capital, O&M, and fuel costs; interest rates; construction time; heat rates; and capacity factors. The model also includes consideration of a wide range of externality costs and pollution control options for carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and mercury. Two different data sets are included in the model; one from the US. Department of Energy (DOE) and the other from Platt's Research Group. Likely users of this model include executives and staff in the Congress, the Administration and private industry (power plant builders, industrial electricity users and electric utilities). The model seeks to improve understanding of the economic viability of various generating technologies and their emissions trade-offs. The base case results, using the DOE data, indicate that in the absence of externality costs, or renewable tax credits, pulverized coal and gas combined cycle plants are the least cost alternatives at 3.7 and 3.5 cents/kwhr, respectively. A complete sensitivity analysis on fuel, capital, and construction time shows that these results coal and gas are much more sensitive to assumption about fuel prices than they are to capital costs or construction times. The results also show that making nuclear competitive with coal or gas requires significant reductions in capital costs, to the $1000/kW level, if no other changes are made. For renewables, the results indicate that wind is now competitive with the nuclear option and is only competitive with coal and gas for grid connected applications if one includes the federal production tax credit of 1.8cents/kwhr.
Electricity Generation Cost Simulation Model (GenSim).
The Electricity Generation Cost Simulation Model (GenSim) is a user-friendly, high-level dynamic simulation model that calculates electricity production costs for variety of electricity generation technologies, including: pulverized coal, gas combustion turbine, gas combined cycle, nuclear, solar (PV and thermal), and wind. The model allows the user to quickly conduct sensitivity analysis on key variables, including: capital, O&M, and fuel costs; interest rates; construction time; heat rates; and capacity factors. The model also includes consideration of a wide range of externality costs and pollution control options for carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and mercuty. Two different data sets are included in the model; one from the US. Department of Energy (DOE) and the other from Platt's Research Group. Likely users of this model include executives and staff in the Congress, the Administration and private industry (power plant builders, industrial electricity users and electric utilities). The model seeks to improve understanding of the economic viability of various generating technologies and their emissions trade-offs. The base case results, using the DOE data, indicate that in the absence of externality costs, or renewable tax credits, pulverized coal and gas combined cycle plants are the least cost alternatives at 3.7 and 3.5 cents/kwhr, respectively. A complete sensitivity analysis on fuel, capital, and construction time shows that these results coal and gas are much more sensitive to assumption about fuel prices than they are to capital costs or construction times. The results also show that making nuclear competitive with coal or gas requires significant reductions in capital costs, to the $1000/kW level, if no other changes are made. For renewables, the results indicate that wind is now competitive with the nuclear option and is only competitive with coal and gas for grid connected applications if one includes the federal production tax credit of 1.8cents/kwhr.
Kamery, William (Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY); Baker, Arnold Barry; Drennen, Thomas E.
Cost and Performance Cost and Performance Assumptions for Modeling Electricity Generation Technologies Rick Tidball, Joel Bluestein, Nick Rodriguez, and Stu Knoke ICF International Fairfax, Virginia Subcontract Report NREL/SR-6A20-48595 November 2010 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Cost and Performance Assumptions for Modeling Electricity Generation Technologies Rick Tidball, Joel Bluestein, Nick Rodriguez, and Stu Knoke ICF International Fairfax, Virginia NREL Technical Monitor: Jordan Macknick
Modeling Routing Overhead Generated by Wireless Reactive Routing Protocols
In this paper, we have modeled the routing over- head generated by three reactive routing protocols; Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and DYnamic MANET On-deman (DYMO). Routing performed by reactive protocols consists of two phases; route discovery and route maintenance. Total cost paid by a protocol for efficient routing is sum of the cost paid in the form of energy consumed and time spent. These protocols majorly focus on the optimization performed by expanding ring search algorithm to control the flooding generated by the mechanism of blind flooding. So, we have modeled the energy consumed and time spent per packet both for route discovery and route maintenance. The proposed framework is evaluated in NS-2 to compare performance of the chosen routing protocols.
Javaid, Nadeem; Javaid, Akmal; Malik, Shahzad A
Development of a fourth generation predictive capability maturity model.
The Predictive Capability Maturity Model (PCMM) is an expert elicitation tool designed to characterize and communicate completeness of the approaches used for computational model definition, verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification associated for an intended application. The primary application of this tool at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has been for physics-based computational simulations in support of nuclear weapons applications. The two main goals of a PCMM evaluation are 1) the communication of computational simulation capability, accurately and transparently, and 2) the development of input for effective planning. As a result of the increasing importance of computational simulation to SNL's mission, the PCMM has evolved through multiple generations with the goal to provide more clarity, rigor, and completeness in its application. This report describes the approach used to develop the fourth generation of the PCMM.
Hills, Richard Guy; Witkowski, Walter R.; Urbina, Angel; Rider, William J.; Trucano, Timothy Guy
Modeling acid-gas generation from boiling chloride brines
This study investigates the generation of HCl and other acid gases from boiling calcium chloride dominated waters at atmospheric pressure, primarily using numerical modeling. The main focus of this investigation relates to the long-term geologic disposal of nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, where pore waters around waste-emplacement tunnels are expected to undergo boiling and evaporative concentration as a result of the heat released by spent nuclear fuel. Processes that are modeled include boiling of highly concentrated solutions, gas transport, and gas condensation accompanied by the dissociation of acid gases, causing low-pH condensate. Simple calculations are first carried out to evaluate condensate pH as a function of HCl gas fugacity and condensed water fraction for a vapor equilibrated with saturated calcium chloride brine at 50-150 C and 1 bar. The distillation of a calcium-chloride-dominated brine is then simulated with a reactive transport model using a brine composition representative of partially evaporated calcium-rich pore waters at Yucca Mountain. Results show a significant increase in boiling temperature from evaporative concentration, as well as low pH in condensates, particularly for dynamic systems where partial condensation takes place, which result in enrichment of HCl in condensates. These results are in qualitative agreement with experimental data from other studies. The combination of reactive transport with multicomponent brine chemistry to study evaporation, boiling, and the potential for acid gas generation at the proposed Yucca Mountain repository is seen as an improvement relative to previously applied simpler batch evaporation models. This approach allows the evaluation of thermal, hydrological, and chemical (THC) processes in a coupled manner, and modeling of settings much more relevant to actual field conditions than the distillation experiment considered. The actual and modeled distillation experiments do not represent expected conditions in an emplacement drift, but nevertheless illustrate the potential for acid-gas generation at moderate temperatures (<150 C).
Zhang, Guoxiang; Spycher, Nicolas; Sonnenthal, Eric; Steefel, Carl
Economic Modeling of Mid-Term Electric Generation Scenarios
The type and stringency of environmental mandates and carbon regulation in the next 10 years continue to be a topic of substantial uncertainty and debate. This study applies a model-based approach for exploring the potential magnitude of shifts in electric generation trends that could occur over a broad range of future environmental regulatory outcomes. Cases examined include a path of stringent environmental regulations, a high cost carbon policy, and their combination. This study is a follow-on modelin...
On the modelling of tsunami generation and tsunami inundation
While the propagation of tsunamis is well understood and well simulated by numerical models, there are still a number of unanswered questions related to the generation of tsunamis or the subsequent inundation. We review some of the basic generation mechanisms as well as their simulation. In particular, we present a simple and computationally inexpensive model that describes the seabed displacement during an underwater earthquake. This model is based on the finite fault solution for the slip distribution under some assumptions on the kinematics of the rupturing process. We also consider an unusual source for tsunami generation: the sinking of a cruise ship. Then we review some aspects of tsunami run-up. In particular, we explain why the first wave of a tsunami is sometimes less devastating than the subsequent waves. A resonance effect can boost the waves that come later. We also look at a particular feature of the 11 March 2011 tsunami in Japan - the formation of macro-scale vortices - and show that these macr...
Dias, Frédéric; O'Brien, Laura; Renzi, Emiliano; Stefanakis, Themistoklis
The generation of shared cryptographic keys through channel impulse response estimation at 60 GHz.
Methods to generate private keys based on wireless channel characteristics have been proposed as an alternative to standard key-management schemes. In this work, we discuss past work in the field and offer a generalized scheme for the generation of private keys using uncorrelated channels in multiple domains. Proposed cognitive enhancements measure channel characteristics, to dynamically change transmission and reception parameters as well as estimate private key randomness and expiration times. Finally, results are presented on the implementation of a system for the generation of private keys for cryptographic communications using channel impulse-response estimation at 60 GHz. The testbed is composed of commercial millimeter-wave VubIQ transceivers, laboratory equipment, and software implemented in MATLAB. Novel cognitive enhancements are demonstrated, using channel estimation to dynamically change system parameters and estimate cryptographic key strength. We show for a complex channel that secret key generation can be accomplished on the order of 100 kb/s.
Young, Derek P.; Forman, Michael A.; Dowdle, Donald Ryan
Modeling cooling water discharges from the Burrard Generating Station
Abstract-A three-dimensional numerical model was applied to examine the impact of the Burrard Generating Station cooling water on the circulation patterns and thermal regime in the receiving water of Port Moody Arm. A key aspect of this study involved properly incorporating the submerged cooling water buoyant jet into the 3D model. To overcome the scale and interface barriers between the near-field and far-field zones of the buoyant jet, a sub-grid scheme was applied, and the coupled system of equations of motion, heat conservation and state are solved with a single modeling procedure over the complete field. Special care was taken with the diffusion and jet entrainment by using a second order turbulence closure model for vertical diffusion and the Smagorinsky formula for horizontal diffusion as well as jet entrainment. The model was calibrated and validated in terms of buoyant jet trajectory, centerline dilution, and temperature and velocity profiles. Extensive modeling experiments without and with the Burrard Generating Station in operation were then carried out to investigate the receiving water circulations and thermal processes under the influence of the cooling water discharge. The model results reveal that under the influence of the cooling water discharge, peak ebb currents are stronger than peak flood currents in the near-surface layer, and the reverse is true in the near-bottom layer. Meanwhile, the model revealed a well-developed eddy at the southeast side of the buoyant jet in the near-surface layer. It is also found that the warmer water released from the cooling water discharge is mainly confined to the upper layer of the Arm, which is largely flushed out of the Arm through tidal mixing processes, and a corresponding inflow of colder water into the Arm occurs within the lower layer. I.
J. Jiang; D. B. Fissel; D. D. Lemon
N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Distributed Generation Capabilities ofemployer. LBNL-52432 Distributed Generation Capabilities of1.1 Definition of Distributed Generation and Interpretation
Generic Models and Model Validation for Wind and Solar PV Generation: Technical Update
The influx of variable generation technologies, particularly wind generation, into the bulk transmission grid in the U.S. and internationally has been significant over the past decade. This trend will most likely continue in light of national (in other countries) and state renewable portfolio standards. Thus, there is at present a need for generic, standard and publicly available models for variable generation technologies for the purpose of power system planning studies. EPRI has been a key participant ...
Modeling Time-dependent Responses of Piezoelectric Fiber Composite
The existence of polymer constituent in piezoelectric fiber composites (PFCs) could lead to significant viscoelastic behaviors, affecting overall performance of PFCs. High mechanical and electrical stimuli often generate significant amount of heat, increasing temperatures of the PFCs. At elevated temperatures, most materials, especially polymers show pronounced time-dependent behaviors. Predicting time-dependent responses of the PFCs becomes important to improve reliability in using PFCs. We study overall performance of PFCs having unidirectional piezoceramic fibers, such as PZT fibers, dispersed in viscoelastic polymer matrix. Two types of PFCs are studied, which are active fiber composites (AFCs) and macro fiber composites (MFCs). AFCs and MFCs consist of unidirectional PZT fibers dispersed in epoxy placed between two interdigitated electrode and kapton layers. The AFCs have a circular fiber cross-section while the MFCs have a square fiber cross-section. Finite element (FE) models of representative volume elements (RVEs) of active PFCs, having square and circular fiber cross-sections, are generated for composites with 20, 40, and 60 percent fiber contents. Two FE micromechanical models having one fiber embedded in epoxy matrix and five fibers placed in epoxy matrix are considered. A continuum 3D piezoelectric element in ABAQUS FE is used. A general time-integral function is applied for the mechanical, electrical, and piezoelectric properties in order to incorporate the time-dependent effect and histories of loadings. The effective properties of PZT-5A/epoxy and PZT-7A/LaRC-SI piezocomposites determined from the FE micromechanical models are compared to available experimental data and analytical solutions in the literature. Furthermore, the effect of viscoelastic behaviors of the LaRC-SI matrix at an elevated temperature on the overall electro-mechanical and piezoelectric constants are examined.
Li, Kuo-An
Analysis of Timescales of Response of a Simple Climate Model
A detailed analysis is made of various analytic solutions to a 0D climate model coupled to an upwelling diffusion ocean model. In particular, the responses to impulse, step-function, exponential, and linear forcings are addressed. The coupled ...
Robert E. Dickinson; Kimberly J. Schaudt
Towards next generation ocean models : novel discontinuous Galerkin schemes for 2D unsteady biogeochemical models
A new generation of efficient parallel, multi-scale, and interdisciplinary ocean models is required for better understanding and accurate predictions. The purpose of this thesis is to quantitatively identify promising ...
Ueckermann, Mattheus P
The WAM Model—A Third Generation Ocean Wave Prediction Model
A third generation wave model is presented that integrates the basic transport equation describing the evolution of a two-dimensional ocean wave spectrum without additional ad hoe assumptions regarding the spectral shape. The three source ...
The Wamdi Group
Towards Process Models for Disaster Response Dirk Fahland1
Towards Process Models for Disaster Response Dirk Fahland1 and Heiko Woith2 1 Humboldt capture process execution and adaptation. Based on experiences from actual disaster response set- tings, scenarios, Petri nets, disaster response 1 Introduction The fairly general notion of a process
This scoping study focuses on the policy issues inherent in the claims made by some Smart Grid proponents that the demand response potential of mass market customers which is enabled by widespread implementation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) through the Smart Grid could be the "silver bullet" for mitigating variable generation integration issues. In terms of approach, we will: identify key issues associated with integrating large amounts of variable generation into the bulk power system; identify demand response opportunities made more readily available to mass market customers through widespread deployment of AMI systems and how they can affect the bulk power system; assess the extent to which these mass market Demand Response (DR) opportunities can mitigate Variable Generation (VG) integration issues in the near-term and what electricity market structures and regulatory practices could be changed to further expand the ability for DR to mitigate VG integration issues over the long term; and provide a qualitative comparison of DR and other approaches to mitigate VG integration issues.
Cappers, Peter; Mills, Andrew; Goldman, Charles; Wiser, Ryan; Eto, Joseph H.
Observations and Modeling of Photovoltaic Responses in ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2009. Symposium, Ferroelectrics and Multiferroics. Presentation Title, Observations and Modeling ...
Variable fuel tax models. [Revenue generated via 4 models for Alabama
Four variable fuel tax models are investigated with respect to Alabama Highway Department operations. The Fixed Percentage Fuel Tax Model establishes the state gasoline tax as a constant percentage of the wholesale price of gasoline. The Price Index Economic Model pegs state fuel taxes to a ratio of price indexes. The Fuel Efficiency Tax Model relates the gasoline tax to the variables of Consumer Price Index and vehicle efficiency. The Sales Tax Model establishes a sales tax on the purchase of gasoline and motor fuel sold in the state. Estimates of the amount of revenue expected to be generated by each model are made. Advantages and disadvantages of each model are presented.
Vecellio, R.L.; Moore, R.K.
Two market models for demand response in power networks
Abstract — In this paper, we consider two abstract market models for designing demand response to match power supply and shape power demand, respectively. We characterize the resulting equilibria in competitive as well as oligopolistic markets, and propose distributed demand response algorithms to achieve the equilibria. The models serve as a starting point to include the appliance-level details and constraints for designing practical demand response schemes for smart power grids. I.
Lijun Chen; Na Li; Steven H. Low; John C. Doyle
Integration of MHD load models with circuit representations the Z generator.
MHD models of imploding loads fielded on the Z accelerator are typically driven by reduced or simplified circuit representations of the generator. The performance of many of the imploding loads is critically dependent on the current and power delivered to them, so may be strongly influenced by the generators response to their implosion. Current losses diagnosed in the transmission lines approaching the load are further known to limit the energy delivery, while exhibiting some load dependence. Through comparing the convolute performance of a wide variety of short pulse Z loads we parameterize a convolute loss resistance applicable between different experiments. We incorporate this, and other current loss terms into a transmission line representation of the Z vacuum section. We then apply this model to study the current delivery to a wide variety of wire array and MagLif style liner loads.
Jennings, Christopher A.; Ampleford, David J.; Jones, Brent Manley; McBride, Ryan D.; Bailey, James E.; Jones, Michael C.; Gomez, Matthew Robert.; Cuneo, Michael Edward; Nakhleh, Charles; Stygar, William A.; Savage, Mark Edward; Wagoner, Timothy C.; Moore, James K.
A Model of U.S. Commercial Distributed Generation Adoption
Small-scale (100 kW-5 MW) on-site distributed generation (DG) economically driven by combined heat and power (CHP) applications and, in some cases, reliability concerns will likely emerge as a common feature of commercial building energy systems over the next two decades. Forecasts of DG adoption published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) are made using the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), which has a forecasting module that predicts the penetration of several possible commercial building DG technologies over the period 2005-2025. NEMS is also used for estimating the future benefits of Department of Energy research and development used in support of budget requests and management decisionmaking. The NEMS approach to modeling DG has some limitations, including constraints on the amount of DG allowed for retrofits to existing buildings and a small number of possible sizes for each DG technology. An alternative approach called Commercial Sector Model (ComSeM) is developed to improve the way in which DG adoption is modeled. The approach incorporates load shapes for specific end uses in specific building types in specific regions, e.g., cooling in hospitals in Atlanta or space heating in Chicago offices. The Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM) uses these load profiles together with input cost and performance DG technology assumptions to model the potential DG adoption for four selected cities and two sizes of five building types in selected forecast years to 2022. The Distributed Energy Resources Market Diffusion Model (DER-MaDiM) is then used to then tailor the DER-CAM results to adoption projections for the entire U.S. commercial sector for all forecast years from 2007-2025. This process is conducted such that the structure of results are consistent with the structure of NEMS, and can be re-injected into NEMS that can then be used to integrate adoption results into a full forecast.
LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi; Ryan Firestone; Zhou, Nan; Maribu,Karl; Marnay, Chris
Agent-based computational models and generative social science
This article argues that the agent-based computational model permits a distinctive approach to social science for which the term "generative " is suitable. In defending this terminology, features distinguishing the approach from both "inductive " and "deductive " science are given. Then, the following specific contributions to social science are discussed: The agent-based computational model is a new tool for empirical research. It offers a natural environment for the study of connectionist phenomena in social science. Agent-based modeling provides a powerful way to address certain enduring—and especially interdisciplinary—questions. It allows one to subject certain core theories—such as neoclassical microeconomics—to important types of stress (e.g., the effect of evolving preferences). It permits one to study how rules of individual behavior give rise—or "map up"—to macroscopic regularities and organizations. In turn, one can employ laboratory behavioral research findings to select among competing agent-based ("bottom up") models. The agent-based approach may well have the important effect of decoupling individual rationality from macroscopic equilibrium and of separating decision science from social science more generally. Agent-based modeling offers powerful new forms of hybrid theoretical-computational work; these are particularly relevant to the study of non-equilibrium systems. The agentbased approach invites the interpretation of society as a distributed computational device, and in turn the interpretation of social dynamics as a type of computation. This interpretation raises important foundational issues in social science—some related to intractability, and some to undecidability proper. Finally, since "emergence" figures prominently in this literature, I take up the connection between agent-based modeling and classical emergentism, criticizing the latter and arguing that the two are incompatible. ? 1999 John Wiley &
Joshua M. Epstein
Comparison of two generation-recombination terms in the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model
Two phenomenological forms proposed to take into account the generation-recombination phenomenon of ions are investigated. The first form models the phenomenon as a chemical reaction, containing two coefficients describing the dissociation of neutral particles in ions, and the recombination of ions to give neutral particles. The second form is based on the assumption that in thermodynamical equilibrium, a well-defined density of ions is stable. Any deviation from the equilibrium density gives rise to a source term proportional to the deviation, whose phenomenological coefficient plays the role of a life time. The analysis is performed by evaluating the electrical response of an electrolytic cell to an external stimulus for both forms. For simplicity we assume that the electrodes are blocking, that there is only a group of negative and positive ions, and that the negative ions are immobile. For the second form, two cases are considered: (i) the generation-recombination phenomenon is due to an intrinsic mechanism, and (ii) the production of ions is triggered by an external source of energy, as in a solar cell. We show that the predictions of the two models are different at the impedance as well as at the admittance level. In particular, the first model predicts the existence of two plateaux for the real part of the impedance, whereas the second one predicts just one. It follows that impedance spectroscopy measurements could give information on the model valid for the generation-recombination of ions.
Lelidis, I. [Solid State Section, Department of Physics, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, Athens 157 84 (Greece); Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (Italy); Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, Laboratoire de Physique des Systemes Complexes, 33 rue Saint-Leu 80039, Amiens (France); Barbero, G. [Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino (Italy); Sfarna, A. [Solid State Section, Department of Physics, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, Athens 157 84 (Greece)
Process-response modelling of fluvio-deltaic stratigraphy
Numerical modelling is a tool to investigate the controls on the formation of the stratigraphic record on geological timescales. The model presented in this paper (DELTASIM) uses a process-response approach that simulates the stratigraphy of fluvial-dominated ... Keywords: Delta development, Event based, Kura delta, Numerical model, Visual basic
Robert M. Hoogendoorn; Irina Overeem; Joep E. A. Storms
Phase lagging model of brain response to external stimuli-modeling of single action potential
In this paper we detail a phase lagging model of brain response to external stimuli. The model is derived using the basic laws of physics like conservation of energy law. This model eliminates the paradox of instantaneous propagation of the action potential ... Keywords: Action potential, Brain response, External stimuli, Phase lagging model, Single neuron
Karthik Seetharaman; Hamidreza Namazi; Vladimir V. Kulsih
Simulation for emergency response: a framework for modeling and simulation for emergency response
A number of modeling and simulation tools have been developed and more are being developed for emergency response applications. The available simulation tools are meant mostly for standalone use. Addressing an emergency incident requires addressing multiple ...
Sanjay Jain; Charles McLean
Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Demand Response Resources
Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Demand Response Resources Speaker(s): Johanna Mathieu Date: April 27, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of Contact: Sila...
The objective of the research is to analyze pathways of reactions of hydrogen with oxides of carbon over sulfides, and to predict which characteristics of the sulfide catalyst (nature of metal, defect structure) give rise to the lowest barriers toward oxygenated hydrocarbon product. Reversal of these pathways entails the generation of hydrogen, which is also proposed for study. During this study, adsorption reactions of H atoms and H{sub 2} molecules with MoS{sub 2}, both in molecular and solid form, have been modeled using high-level density functional theory. The relative stabilities of pure MoS{sub 2} edges were calculated and small clusters exhibiting properties of the edges were modeled. The results were finalized and published in the journal ''Surface Science''. Hydrogen adsorption energies on both the edges and the clusters were calculated, and the thermodynamics of hydrogen adsorption on both systems were evaluated. The adsorption locations and vibrational frequencies were also determined. These additional results were published in a second paper in ''Surface Science''. Most recently, the bonding and effect of alkali and transition metal ions was investigated on the MoS{sub 2} clusters. Potassium atoms bind to the clusters and increase the binding of hydrogen to the clusters while reducing the activation barriers for hydrogen adsorption. Silver attaches to the Mo7S14 cluster and donates its odd electron to the nearby Mo atoms and should have a similar effect to hydrogen as potassium does.
Kamil Klier; Jeffery A. Spirko; Michael L. Neiman
The Evaluation of Steam Generator Level Measurement Model for OPR1000 Using RETRAN-3D
Steam generator level measurement is important factor for plant transient analyses using best estimate thermal hydraulic computer codes since the value of steam generator level is used for steam generator level control system and plant protection system. Because steam generator is in the saturation condition which includes steam and liquid together and is the place that heat exchange occurs from primary side to secondary side, computer codes are hard to calculate steam generator level realistically without appropriate level measurement model. In this paper, we prepare the steam generator models using RETRAN-3D that include geometry models, full range feedwater control system and five types of steam generator level measurement model. Five types of steam generator level measurement model consist of level measurement model using elevation difference in downcomer, 1D level measurement model using fluid mass, 1D level measurement model using fluid volume, 2D level measurement model using power and fluid mass, and 2D level measurement model using power and fluid volume. And we perform the evaluation of the capability of each steam generator level measurement model by simulating the real plant transient condition, the title is 'Reactor Trip by The Failure of The Deaerator Level Control Card of Ulchin Unit 3'. The comparison results between real plant data and RETRAN-3D analyses for each steam generator level measurement model show that 2D level measurement model using power and fluid mass or fluid volume has more realistic prediction capability compared with other level measurement models. (authors)
Doo Yong Lee; Soon Joon Hong; Byung Chul Lee [FNC Technology Co., SNU Research Park Innovation Center 516, San4-2, Bongchun-7 dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Heok Soon Lim [KHNP Nuclear Environment Technology Institute, Munji-dong 103-16, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
Modeling of solar thermal selective surfaces and thermoelectric generators
A thermoelectric generator is a solid-state device that converts a heat flux into electrical power via the Seebeck effect. When a thermoelectric generator is inserted between a solar-absorbing surface and a heat sink, a ...
McEnaney, Kenneth
Triangle geometry processing for surface modeling and cartesian grid generation
Cartesian mesh generation is accomplished for component based geometries, by intersecting components subject to mesh generation to extract wetted surfaces with a geometry engine using adaptive precision arithmetic in a system which automatically breaks ties with respect to geometric degeneracies. During volume mesh generation, intersected surface triangulations are received to enable mesh generation with cell division of an initially coarse grid. The hexagonal cells are resolved, preserving the ability to directionally divide cells which are locally well aligned.
Aftosmis, Michael J. (San Mateo, CA); Melton, John E. (Hollister, CA); Berger, Marsha J. (New York, NY)
Commercial second-generation PFBC plant transient model: Task 15
The advanced pressurized fluidized bed combustor (APFBC) power plant combines an efficient gas-fired combined cycle, a low-emission PFB combustor, and a coal pyrolysis unit (carbonizer) that converts coal, America`s most plentiful fuel, into the gas turbine fuel. From an operation standpoint, the APFBC plant is similar to an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant, except that the PFBC and fluid bed heat exchanger (FBHE) allow a considerable fraction of coal energy to be shunted around the gas turbine and sent directly to the steam turbine. By contrast, the fuel energy in IGCC plants and most other combined cycles is primarily delivered to the gas turbine and then to the steam turbine. Another characteristic of the APFBC plant is the interaction among three large thermal inertias--carbonizer, PFBC, and FBHE--that presents unique operational challenges for modeling and operation of this type of plant. This report describes the operating characteristics and dynamic responses of the APFBC plant and discusses the advantages and shortcomings of several alternative control strategies for the plant. In particular, interactions between PFBC, FBHE, and steam bottoming cycle are analyzed and the effect of their interactions on plant operation is discussed. The technical approach used in the study is described in Section 2. The dynamic model is introduced in Section 3 and described is detail in the appendices. Steady-state calibration and transient simulations are presented in Sections 4 and 5. The development of the operating philosophy is discussed in Section 6. Potential design changes to the dynamic model and trial control schemes are listed in Sections 7 and 8. Conclusions derived from the study are presented in Section 9.
White, J.S.; Getty, R.T.; Torpey, M.R.
Effects of Initial Soil Moisture on Rainfall Generation and Subsequent Hydrologic Response during the North American Monsoon
Through the use of a mesoscale meteorological model and distributed hydrologic model, the effects of initial soil moisture on rainfall generation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration during the North American monsoon are examined. A collection of ...
Enrique R. Vivoni; Kinwai Tai; David J. Gochis
Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Demand Response Resources Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Demand Response Resources Speaker(s): Johanna Mathieu Date: April 27, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Sila Kiliccote While the traditional goal of an electric power system has been to control supply to fulfill demand, the demand-side can play an active role in power systems via Demand Response (DR). Recent DR programs have focused on peak load reduction in commercial buildings and industrial facilities (C&I facilities). We present a regression-based baseline model, which allows us to quantify DR performance. We use this baseline model to understand the performance of C&I facilities participating in an automated dynamic pricing DR program in California. In this program, facilities are
63E 63E Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study Peter Cappers, Andrew Mills, Charles Goldman, Ryan Wiser, Joseph H. Eto Environmental Energy Technologies Division October 2011 The work described in this report was funded by the Permitting, Siting and Analysis Division of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability under Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the
Report of tritide study at the Responsive Neutron Generator Product Deployment Center.
This report documents a study of sample counting results for wipes from routine surface area monitoring conducted at the Responsive Neutron Generator Product Deployment Center (RNGPDC) at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The study was initiated in November 2006, with two samples suspected of containing erbium tritide, after some samples were found to exhibit higher tritium counting rates upon recount at a later time. The main goal of the study was to determine whether the current practice of analyzing tritium wipe samples once, within a few days of sample collection, is adequate to accurately quantify the amount of tritium on the sample when tritides may be present. Recommendations are made toward routine recounting of vials suspected of containing particulate forms of tritium.
Burkhart, Robert; Coffey, Jaime
The Canadian Climate Centre Second-Generation General Circulation Model and Its Equilibrium Climate
The Canadian Climate Centre second generation general circulation model (GCMII) is described. The description emphasizes aspects in which the new model differs from the 1984 model (GCMI) as described by Boer and collaborators. Important features ...
N. A. McFarlane; G. J. Boer; J-P. Blanchet; M. Lazare
Examining Uncertainty in Demand Response Baseline Models and Variability in Automated Response to Dynamic Pricing
Controlling electric loads to deliver power system services presents a number of interesting challenges. For example, changes in electricity consumption of Commercial and Industrial (C&I) facilities are usually estimated using counterfactual baseline models, and model uncertainty makes it difficult to precisely quantify control responsiveness. Moreover, C&I facilities exhibit variability in their response. This paper seeks to understand baseline model error and demand-side variability in responses to open-loop control signals (i.e. dynamic prices). Using a regression-based baseline model, we define several Demand Response (DR) parameters, which characterize changes in electricity use on DR days, and then present a method for computing the error associated with DR parameter estimates. In addition to analyzing the magnitude of DR parameter error, we develop a metric to determine how much observed DR parameter variability is attributable to real event-to-event variability versus simply baseline model error. Using data from 38 C&I facilities that participated in an automated DR program in California, we find that DR parameter errors are large. For most facilities, observed DR parameter variability is likely explained by baseline model error, not real DR parameter variability; however, a number of facilities exhibit real DR parameter variability. In some cases, the aggregate population of C&I facilities exhibits real DR parameter variability, resulting in implications for the system operator with respect to both resource planning and system stability.
Mathieu, Johanna L.; Callaway, Duncan S.; Kiliccote, Sila
Modeling and Analysis of the Role of Fast-Response Energy Storage in the Smart Grid
The large short time-scale variability of renewable energy resources presents significant challenges to the reliable operation of power systems. This variability can be mitigated by deploying fast-ramping generators. However, these generators are costly to operate and produce environmentally harmful emissions. Fast-response energy storage devices, such as batteries and flywheels, provide an environmentally friendly alternative, but are expensive and have limited capacity. To study the environmental benefits of storage, we introduce a slotted-time dynamic residual dc power flow model with the prediction error of the difference between the generation (including renewables) and the load as input and the fast-ramping generation and the storage (charging/discharging) operation as the control variables used to ensure that the demand is satisfied (as much as possible) in each time slot. We assume the input prediction error sequence to be i.i.d. zero-mean random variables. The optimal power flow problem is then formu...
Su, Han-I
Bayesian Joint Modeling of Binomial and Rank Response Data
We present techniques for joint modeling of binomial and rank response data using the Bayesian paradigm for inference. The motivating application consists of results from a series of assessments on several primate species. Among 20 assessments representing 6 paradigms, 6 assessments are considered to produce a rank response and the remaining 14 are considered to have a binomial response. In order to model each of the 20 assessments simultaneously, we use the popular technique of data augmentation so that the observed responses are based on latent variables. The modeling uses Bayesian techniques for modeling the latent variables using random effects models. Competing models are specified in a consistent fashion which easily allows comparisons across assessments and across models. Non-local priors are readily admitted to enable more effective testing of random effects should Bayes factors be used for model comparison. The model is also extended to allow assessment-specific conditional error variances for the latent variables. Due to potential difficulties in calculating Bayes factors, discrepancy measures based on pivotal quantities are adapted to test for the presence of random effects and for the need to allow assessment-specific conditional error variances. In order to facilitate implementation, we describe in detail the joint prior distribution and a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for posterior sampling. Results from the primate intelligence data are presented to illustrate the methodology. The results indicate substantial paradigm-specific differences between species. These differences are supported by the discrepancy measures as well as model posterior summaries. Furthermore, the results suggest that meaningful and parsimonious inferences can be made using the proposed techniques and that the discrepancy measures can effectively differentiate between necessary and unnecessary random effects. The contributions should be particularly useful when binomial and rank data are to be jointly analyzed in a parsimonious fashion.
Barney, Bradley
Photovoltaic generator modeling for large scale distribution system studies.
??Geographic regions with favorable conditions for photovoltaic (PHV) power generation are seeing increasing numbers of three-phase commercial installations and single-phase residential sized installations. PHV sources… (more)
Golder, Andrew S.
SCICHEM: A New Generation Plume-in-Grid Model
If plume dispersion and chemistry in air quality models are not accurately simulated, those models may over-predict both ozone produced by large elevated point source NOx emissions and ozone reduction when those emissions are decreased. The plume-in-grid (PiG) model developed in this project succeeds in simulating these processes more realistically than in existing regulatory models.
Kernel principal component analysis for stochastic input model generation
Stochastic analysis of random heterogeneous media provides useful information only if realistic input models of the material property variations are used. These input models are often constructed from a set of experimental samples of the underlying random ... Keywords: Data-driven models, Flow in random porous media, Kernel principal component analysis, Non-linear model reduction, Stochastic partial differential equations
Xiang Ma; Nicholas Zabaras
Evaluation of Model-generated Cloudiness: Satellite-observed and Model-generated Diurnal Variability of Brightness Temperature
In an attempt to validate the ECMWF model's cloudiness, model output has been processed to reproduce satellite measurements as closely as possible. Brightness temperatures in the longwave window channel of Meteosat are simulated from cloudiness, ...
Jean-Jacques Morcrette
A Computational Model of Cellular Response to Modulated Radiation Fields
Purpose: To develop a model to describe the response of cell populations to spatially modulated radiation exposures of relevance to advanced radiotherapies. Materials and Methods: A Monte Carlo model of cellular radiation response was developed. This model incorporated damage from both direct radiation and intercellular communication including bystander signaling. The predictions of this model were compared to previously measured survival curves for a normal human fibroblast line (AGO1522) and prostate tumor cells (DU145) exposed to spatially modulated fields. Results: The model was found to be able to accurately reproduce cell survival both in populations which were directly exposed to radiation and those which were outside the primary treatment field. The model predicts that the bystander effect makes a significant contribution to cell killing even in uniformly irradiated cells. The bystander effect contribution varies strongly with dose, falling from a high of 80% at low doses to 25% and 50% at 4 Gy for AGO1522 and DU145 cells, respectively. This was verified using the inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine to inhibit the bystander effect in cells exposed to different doses, which showed significantly larger reductions in cell killing at lower doses. Conclusions: The model presented in this work accurately reproduces cell survival following modulated radiation exposures, both in and out of the primary treatment field, by incorporating a bystander component. In addition, the model suggests that the bystander effect is responsible for a significant portion of cell killing in uniformly irradiated cells, 50% and 70% at doses of 2 Gy in AGO1522 and DU145 cells, respectively. This description is a significant departure from accepted radiobiological models and may have a significant impact on optimization of treatment planning approaches if proven to be applicable in vivo.
McMahon, Stephen J., E-mail: email@example.com [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Butterworth, Karl T. [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)] [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); McGarry, Conor K. [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Trainor, Colman [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)] [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); O'Sullivan, Joe M. [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Hounsell, Alan R. [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom); Prise, Kevin M. [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)] [Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
Generation of Infrasound by Evaporating Hydrometeors in a Cloud Model
The dynamical core of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System has been tailored to simulate the infrasound of vortex motions and diabatic cloud processes in a convective storm. Earlier studies have shown that the customized model (c-RAMS) ...
David A. Schecter; Melville E. Nicholls
Temporal model-based diagnostics generation for HVAC control systems
Optimizing energy usage in buildings requires global models that integrate multiple factors contributing to energy, such as lighting, "Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning" (HVAC), security, etc. Model transformation methods can then use these ...
Marion Behrens; Gregory Provan
Dynamic simulation model for non-supplementary firing triple-pressure heat recovery steam generator
By using the modular modeling method, a real-time dynamic simulation model for the non-supplementary tri-pressure reheat Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) is developed. On the basis of mass and energy conservation law, the paper discusses the model ... Keywords: HRSG, dynamic model, modular modelling, simulation
Ning Cui; Bing-Shu Wang; Xiang-Yang Gong; Jian-Qiang Gao
Analyzing interacting WS-BPEL processes using flexible model generation
We address the problem of analyzing the interaction between WS-BPEL processes. We present a technology chain that starts out with a WS-BPEL process and translates it into a Petri net model. On the model we decide controllability of the process (the existence ... Keywords: Business process modeling and analysis, Formal models in business process management, Petri nets, Process verification and validation, WS-BPEL
Niels Lohmann; Peter Massuthe; Christian Stahl; Daniela Weinberg
Characteristics of identifying linear dynamic models from impulse response data using Prony analysis
The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of fitting linear dynamic models to the impulse response of oscillatory dynamic systems using Prony analysis. Many dynamic systems exhibit oscillatory responses with multiple modes of oscillations. Although the underlying dynamics of such systems are often nonlinear, it is frequently possible and very useful to represent the system operating about some set point with a linear model. Derivation of such linear models can be done using two basic approaches: model the system using theoretical derivations and some linearization method such as a Taylor series expansion; or use a curve-fitting technique to optimally fit a linear model to specified system response data. Prony analysis belongs to the second class of system modeling because it is a method of fitting a linear model to the impulse response of a dynamic system. Its parallel formulation inherently makes it well suited for fitting models to oscillatory system data. Such oscillatory dynamic effects occur in large synchronous-generator-based power systems in the form of electromechanical oscillations. To study and characterize these oscillatory dynamics, BPA has developed computer codes to analyze system data using Prony analysis. The objective of this study was to develop a highly detailed understanding of the properties of using Prony analysis to fit models to systems with characteristics often encountered in power systems. This understanding was then extended to develop general rules-of-thumb'' for using Prony analysis. The general characteristics were investigated by performing fits to data from known linear models under controlled conditions. The conditions studied include various mathematical solution techniques; different parent system configurations; and a large variety of underlying noise characteristics.
Trudnowski, D.J.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of fitting linear dynamic models to the impulse response of oscillatory dynamic systems using Prony analysis. Many dynamic systems exhibit oscillatory responses with multiple modes of oscillations. Although the underlying dynamics of such systems are often nonlinear, it is frequently possible and very useful to represent the system operating about some set point with a linear model. Derivation of such linear models can be done using two basic approaches: model the system using theoretical derivations and some linearization method such as a Taylor series expansion; or use a curve-fitting technique to optimally fit a linear model to specified system response data. Prony analysis belongs to the second class of system modeling because it is a method of fitting a linear model to the impulse response of a dynamic system. Its parallel formulation inherently makes it well suited for fitting models to oscillatory system data. Such oscillatory dynamic effects occur in large synchronous-generator-based power systems in the form of electromechanical oscillations. To study and characterize these oscillatory dynamics, BPA has developed computer codes to analyze system data using Prony analysis. The objective of this study was to develop a highly detailed understanding of the properties of using Prony analysis to fit models to systems with characteristics often encountered in power systems. This understanding was then extended to develop general ``rules-of-thumb`` for using Prony analysis. The general characteristics were investigated by performing fits to data from known linear models under controlled conditions. The conditions studied include various mathematical solution techniques; different parent system configurations; and a large variety of underlying noise characteristics.
Modeling and control of a cascaded doubly-fed induction generator based on dynamical equivalent circuits
This paper deals with the control of an autonomous cascaded doubly-fed induction generator operating in a variable speed constant frequency mode. The proposed structure is a full stand-alone generating system dedicated to isolated grids in embedded systems ... Keywords: Aircraft applications, Cascaded doubly-fed induction generator, Isolated grid, Modeling, Control, Topology analysis, Variable speed constant frequency
N. Patin; E. Monmasson; J. -P. Louis
An energy systems modelling approach for the planning of power generation: a North American case study
Due to Saskatchewan's growing energy demands, the public's environmental concerns and the decommissioning of existing coal-fired facilities, the province will need to construct new electric generating facilities with high economic performance ... Keywords: Canada, electricity generation, energy modelling, energy planning, energy technology, environment, environmental performance, greenhouse gas emissions, power generation technologies, renewable energy
Q. G. Lin; G. H. Huang; B. Bass
Steam Generator Management Program: Empirical Model for Predicting Recirculating PWR Steam Generator Broached-Hole Blockage
Since their initial use in commercial plants in the 1960s, the steam generators (SGs) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) have exhibited a number of reliability problems. Even though many of these are related to the integrity of the heat-transfer tubing and other internal components or to decreases in heat-transfer efficiency, some SG designs have been subject to a different issuedeposit-induced blockage of the broached flow holes in the tube support plates (TSPs) located within the SG shell. This study...
Since their initial use in commercial plants in the 1960s, the steam generators (SGs) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) have exhibited a number of reliability problems. Even though many of these are related to the integrity of the heat-transfer tubing and other internal components or to decreases in heat-transfer efficiency, some SG designs have been subject to a different issue—deposit-induced blockage of the broached flow holes in the tube support plates (TSPs) located within the SG ...
A stochastic multiscale model for electricity generation capacity ...
exist in many energy planning problems, in particular load demand uncertainty and uncertainties in generation .... Therefore we only comment on the relations between the analysis here and the literature. In [Jiang ..... Information about long term demand arrives at slower rate. It is not ...... optimization in a pool market. Math.
Polish plant beats the odds to become model EU generator
Once a Soviet satellite, Poland is now transforming into a thoroughly modern nation. To support its growing economy, this recent European Union member country is modernizing its power industry. Exemplifying the advances in the Polish electricity generation market is the 460 MW Patnow II power plant - the largest, most efficient (supercritical cycle) and environmentally cleanest lignite-fired unit in the country. 3 photos.
Neville, A.
Mathematical model of steam generator feed system at power unit of nuclear plant
A mathematical model of a steam generator feed system at a power unit of a nuclear plant with variable values of transfer function coefficients is presented. The model is realized in the MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow event-driven simulation.
E. M. Raskin; L. A. Denisova; V. P. Sinitsyn; Yu. V. Nesterov
Requirements model generation to support requirements elicitation: the Secure Tropos experience
In recent years several efforts have been devoted by researchers in the Requirements Engineering community to the development of methodologies for supporting designers during requirements elicitation, modeling, and analysis. However, these methodologies ... Keywords: Lightweight text analysis, Model generation
Nadzeya Kiyavitskaya; Nicola Zannone
A Two-Dimensional Model of Inertial Oscillations Generated by a Propagating Wind Field
A linear, two-dimensional, continuously stratified, viscous model has been developed to study the inertial oscillations generated by a propagating wind field. The model, an extension of that of Kundu and Thomson, includes the presence of a coast ...
Pijush K. Kundu
An electrical modeling and fuzzy logic control of a fuel cell generation system
Fuel cell generation system consists of a stack, a reformer, and converters. The stack generates DC power by electrochemical reaction. For system design and analysis, it is necessary to obtain electrical models. Simplified electrical models of a fuel cell generation system for system control are proposed. Then using the electrical models, system performance of a fuel cell generation system in which power is boosted by step-up choppers is analyzed. A fuzzy controller is designed for improved system performance. Simulation and experimental results confirmed the high performance capability of the designed system.
Kim, Y.H.; Kim, S.S. [Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Modeling Regional Electricity Generation - U.S. Energy Information ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
... satisfactorily for historical 2004 and preliminary 2006 data The model is capable of capturing seasonal fluctuations Shape of load curves (max and min ...
Modeling of biogas generation in bioreactor landfills using neuro-fuzzy system
Biogas generation in anaerobic bioreactor landfills is modeled using the neuro-fuzzy system. The implemented inference system was an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The fuzzy logic controller featured a Multi-Input-Single-Output (MISO) ... Keywords: biogas generation, bioreactor landfills, neuro-fuzzy model
Mohamed S. Abdallah; Leta Fernandes; Mostafa A. Warith
A next-generation modeling capability assesses wind turbine array fluid dynamics and aeroelastic simulations
A next-generation modeling capability assesses wind turbine array fluid dynamics and aeroelastic of multi-megawatt turbines requires a new generation of modeling capability to assess individual turbine performance as well as detailed turbine- turbine and turbine-atmosphere interactions. Scientists
Incorporating oligopoly, CO2 emissions trading and green certificates into a power generation expansion model
This paper presents a generation expansion model for the power sector which incorporates several features that make it very interesting for application to current electricity markets: it considers the possible oligopolistic behavior of firms, and incorporates ... Keywords: Carbon emissions trading, Generation-expansion modeling, Green certificates, Oligopoly
Pedro Linares; Francisco Javier Santos; Mariano Ventosa; Luis Lapiedra
A systematic approach to unstructured mesh generation for ocean modelling using GMT and Terreno
A systematic approach to unstructured mesh generation for ocean modelling is presented. The method optimises unstructured meshes to approximate bathymetry to a user specified accuracy which may be defined as a function of longitude, latitude and bathymetry. ... Keywords: Bathymetry, Ocean modelling, Optimisation, Shoreline, Simplification, Unstructured mesh generation
G. J. Gorman; M. D. Piggott; M. R. Wells; C. C. Pain; P. A. Allison
A first-order property model for normalized Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) release as a function of glass composition was developed using data collected from various studies. The normalized boron release is used to estimate the release of toxic elements based on the observation that the boron release represents the conservative release for those constituents of interest. The current TCLP model has two targeted application areas: (1) delisting of waste-glass product as radioactive (not mixed) waste and (2) designating the glass wastes generated from waste-glass research activities as hazardous or non-hazardous. This paper describes the data collection and model development for TCLP releases and discusses the issues related to the application of the model.
Kim, Dong-Sang; Vienna, John D.
A knowledge representation model for the nuclear power generation domain
A knowledge representation model for the nuclear power field is proposed. The model is a generalized production rule function inspired by a neural network approach that enables the representation of physical systems of nuclear power plants. The article ... Keywords: Knowledge representation, Nuclear power plant, Physical systems, Production rules
Thiago Tinoco Pires
Abstract—The large short time-scale variability of renewable energy resources presents significant challenges to the reliable operation of power systems. This variability can be mitigated by deploying fast-ramping generators. However, these generators are costly to operate and produce environmentally harmful emissions. Fast-response energy storage devices, such as batteries and flywheels, provide an environmentally friendly alternative, but are expensive and have limited capacity. To study the environmental benefits of storage, we introduce a slotted-time dynamic residual dc power flow model with the prediction error of the difference between the generation (including renewables) and the load as input and the fast-ramping generation and the storage (charging/discharging) operation as the control variables used to ensure that the demand is satisfied (as much as possible) in each time slot. We assume the input prediction error sequence to be i.i.d. zero-mean random variables. The optimal power flow problem is then formulated as an infinite horizon average-cost dynamic program with the cost function taken as a weighted sum of the average fast-ramping generation and the loss of load probability. We find the optimal policies at the two extremes of the cost function weights and propose a two-threshold policy for the general case. We also obtain refined analytical results under the assumption of Laplace distributed prediction error and corroborate this assumption using simulated wind power generation data from NREL. I.
Han-i Su; Abbas El Gamal
Responsibility-driven explanation engineering for cognitive models
We describe an approach for developing explanation facilities for cognitive architectures based on techniques drawn from object- and aspect-oriented software engineering. We examine the use of responsibility-driven design augmented with scenario-based techniques and classresponsibility-collaboration (CRC) cards to identify explanation behaviors for cognitive model elements, and discuss the explanation benefits derived from encapsulating model behaviors within aspects. Soar is used an example cognitive architecture, but the methods and results as illustrated would apply to any of the other architectures commonly used to development psychologically plausible intelligent systems.
Steven R. Haynes; Isaac G. Councill; Frank E. Ritter
Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling: Challenges of the Fukushima Daiichi Response
The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) provided a wide range of predictions and analyses as part of the response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. This work encompassed: weather forecasts and atmospheric transport predictions, estimates of possible dose in Japan based on hypothetical U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission scenarios of potential radionuclide releases, predictions of possible plume arrival times and dose levels at U.S. locations, and source estimation and plume model refinement. An overview of NARAC response activities is provided, along with a more in-depth discussion of some of NARAC's preliminary source reconstruction analyses. NARAC optimized the overall agreement of model predictions to dose rate measurements using statistical comparisons of data and model values paired in space and time. Estimated emission rates varied depending on the choice of release assumptions (e.g., time-varying vs. constant release rates), the radionuclide mix, meteorology, and/or the radiological data used in the analysis. Results were found to be consistent with other studies within expected uncertainties, despite the application of different source estimation methodologies and the use of significantly different radiological measurement data. A discussion of some of the operational and scientific challenges encountered during the response, along with recommendations for future work, is provided.
Sugiyama, Gayle [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Nasstrom, John [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Pobanz, Brenda [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Foster, Kevin [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Simpson, Matthew [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Vogt, Phil [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Aluzzi, Fernando [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Homann, Steve [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Data center demand response: Avoiding the coincident peak via workload shifting and local generation
Demand response is a crucial aspect of the future smart grid. It has the potential to provide significant peak demand reduction and to ease the incorporation of renewable energy into the grid. Data centers' participation in demand response is becoming ... Keywords: Data center, Demand response, Online algorithm, Prediction error, Renewable penetration, Workload management
Zhenhua Liu, Adam Wierman, Yuan Chen, Benjamin Razon, Niangjun Chen
Power System Generation and Inter-Connection Planning Model (SUPER) | Open
Power System Generation and Inter-Connection Planning Model (SUPER) Power System Generation and Inter-Connection Planning Model (SUPER) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Power System Generation and Inter-Connection Planning Model (SUPER) Agency/Company /Organization: Latin American Energy Organization Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Hydro Topics: Resource assessment Resource Type: Software/modeling tools Website: www.olade.org/superEn.html References: SUPER website [1] "This model is useful for multi-year electricity system planning studies, making it possible to analyze, optimize, simulate and develop hydrothermal power system expansion plans." References ↑ "SUPER website" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Power_System_Generation_and_Inter-Connection_Planning_Model_(SUPER)&oldid=329
Waste generation process modeling and analysis for fuel reprocessing technologies
Estimates of electric power generation requirements for the next century, even when taking the most conservative tack, indicate that the United States will have to increase its production capacity significantly. If the country determines that nuclear power will not be a significant component of this production capacity, the nuclear industry will have to die, as maintaining a small nuclear component will not be justifiable. However, if nuclear power is to be a significant component, it will probably require some form of reprocessing technology. The once-through fuel cycle is only feasible for a relatively small number of nuclear power plants. If we are maintaining several hundred reactors, the once-through fuel cycle is more expensive and ethically questionable.
Kornreich, D. E. (Drew E.); Koehler, A. C. (Andrew C.); Farman, Richard F.
for service. The state is changed accordingly. The service rate, the number of queues, and transition probabil probabilities and the transition rates or the transition probabilities (Markov reward mod- els). The holding is a translator into transition class models. The expressive power of the method is indicated. TRANSITION CLASSES
Strelen, Christoph
Numerical Modeling of Internal Tide Generation along the Hawaiian Ridge
Internal M2 tides near Hawaii are investigated with a two-dimensional, two-layer numerical model. It is seen that along the Hawaiian Ridge barotropic tidal energy is transformed into baroclinic internal tides that propagate in both northeast and ...
S. K. Kang; M. G. G. Foreman; W. R. Crawford; J. Y. Cherniawsky
Data Integration for the Generation of High Resolution Reservoir Models
The goal of this three-year project was to develop a theoretical basis and practical technology for the integration of geologic, production and time-lapse seismic data in a way that makes best use of the information for reservoir description and reservoir performance predictions. The methodology and practical tools for data integration that were developed in this research project have been incorporated into computational algorithms that are feasible for large scale reservoir simulation models. As the integration of production and seismic data require calibrating geological/geostatistical models to these data sets, the main computational tool is an automatic history matching algorithm. The following specific goals were accomplished during this research. (1) We developed algorithms for calibrating the location of the boundaries of geologic facies and the distribution of rock properties so that production and time-lapse seismic data are honored. (2) We developed and implemented specific procedures for conditioning reservoir models to time-lapse seismic data. (3) We developed and implemented algorithms for the characterization of measurement errors which are needed to determine the relative weights of data when conditioning reservoir models to production and time-lapse seismic data by automatic history matching. (4) We developed and implemented algorithms for the adjustment of relative permeability curves during the history matching process. (5) We developed algorithms for production optimization which accounts for geological uncertainty within the context of closed-loop reservoir management. (6) To ensure the research results will lead to practical public tools for independent oil companies, as part of the project we built a graphical user interface for the reservoir simulator and history matching software using Visual Basic.
Albert Reynolds; Dean Oliver; Gaoming Li; Yong Zhao; Chaohui Che; Kai Zhang; Yannong Dong; Chinedu Abgalaka; Mei Han
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Electricity generation from model organic wastewater
and the membrane systems selected, additional equipment such as knockout drums, coalescing filters, and guard beds far and modeling predictions is quite reasonable. Methane 20% H2S/ 80%N2 Air MFC MFC MFC Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review NREL/CP-610-32405 #12;MFC-3 MFC-1 MFC-2 N2 H2S O2
Seismic base isolation: Elastomer characterization, bearing modeling and system response
This paper discusses several major aspects of seismic base isolation systems that employ laminated elastomer bearings. Elastomer constitutive models currently being used to represent the nonlinear elastic and hysteretic behavior are discussed. Some aspects of mechanical characterization testing of elastomers is presented along with representative tests results. The development of a finite element based mesh generator for laminated elastomer bearings is presented. Recent advances in the simulation of base isolated structures to earthquake motions are presented along with a sample problem. 13 refs., 19 figs., 1 tab.
Kulak, R.F.; Wang, C.Y.; Hughes, T.H.
Properties of potential modelling three benchmarks: the cosmological constant, inflation and three generations
We argue for a model of low-energy correction to the inflationary potential as caused by the gauge-mediated breaking down the supersymmetry at the scale of $\\mu_\\textsc{x}\\sim 10^4$ GeV, that provides us with the seesaw mechanism of thin domain wall fluctuations in the flat vacuum. The fluctuations are responsible for the vacuum with the cosmological constant at the scale of $\\mu_\\Lambda\\sim 10^{-2}$ eV suppressed by the Planckian mass $m_\\mathtt{Pl}$ via $\\mu_\\Lambda\\sim\\mu_\\textsc{x}^2/m_\\mathtt{Pl}$. The appropriate vacuum state is occupied after the inflation with quartic coupling constant $\\lambda\\sim\\mu_\\textsc{x}/m_\\mathtt{Pl}\\sim 10^{-14}$ inherently related with the bare mass scale of $\\widetilde m\\sim\\sqrt{\\mu_\\textsc{x}m_\\mathtt{Pl}}\\sim 10^{12}$ GeV determining the thickness of domain walls $\\delta r\\sim1/\\widetilde m$. Such the parameters of potential are still marginally consistent with the observed inhomogeneity of matter density in the Universe. The inflationary evolution suggests the vacuum structure compatible with three fermionic generations of matter as well as with observed hierarchies of masses and mixing in the Standard Model.
V. V. Kiselev; S. A. Timofeev
Isotopic Generation and Confirmation of the PWR Application Model
The objective of this calculation is to establish an isotopic database to represent commercial spent nuclear fuel (CSNF) from pressurized water reactors (PWRs) in criticality analyses performed for the proposed Monitored Geologic Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Confirmation of the conservatism with respect to criticality in the isotopic concentration values represented by this isotopic database is performed as described in Section 220.127.116.11.2 of the ''Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report'' (YMP 2000). The isotopic database consists of the set of 14 actinides and 15 fission products presented in Section 220.127.116.11.1 of YMP 2000 for use in CSNF burnup credit. This set of 29 isotopes is referred to as the principal isotopes. The oxygen isotope from the UO{sub 2} fuel is also included in the database. The isotopic database covers enrichments of {sup 235}U ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 weight percent (wt%) and burnups ranging from approximately zero to 75 GWd per metric ton of uranium (mtU). The choice of fuel assembly and operating history values used in generating the isotopic database are provided is Section 5. Tables of isotopic concentrations for the 29 principal isotopes (plus oxygen) as a function of enrichment and burnup are provided in Section 6.1. Results of the confirmation of the conservatism with respect to criticality in the isotopic concentration values are provided in Section 6.2.
L.B. Wimmer
A real-time emergency response workstation using a 3-D numerical model initialized with sodar
Many emergency response dispersion modeling systems provide simple Gaussian models driven by single meteorological tower inputs to estimate the downwind consequences from accidental spills or stack releases. Complex meteorological or terrain settings demand more sophisticated resolution of the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere to reliably calculate plume dispersion. Mountain valleys and sea breeze flows are two common examples of such settings. To address these complexities, the authors have implemented the three-dimensional diagnostic MATHEW mass-adjusted wind field and ADPIC particle-in-cell dispersion models on a workstation for use in real-time emergency response modeling. MATHEW/ADPIC have shown their utility in a variety of complex settings over the last 15 years within the Department of Energy`s Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) project. The models are initialized using an array of surface wind measurements from meteorological towers coupled with vertical profiles from an acoustic sounder (sodar). The workstation automatically acquires the meteorological data every 15 minutes. A source term is generated using either defaults or a real-time stack monitor. Model outputs include contoured isopleths displayed on site geography or plume densities shown over 3-D color shaded terrain. The models are automatically updated every 15 minutes to provide the emergency response manager with a continuous display of potentially hazardous ground-level conditions if an actual release were to occur. Model run time is typically less than 2 minutes on 6 megaflop ({approximately}30 MIPS) workstations. Data acquisition, limited by dial-up modem communications, requires 3 to 5 minutes.
Lawver, B.S.; Sullivan, T.J. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (US); Baskett, R.L. [EG& G Energy Measurements, Inc., Pleasanton, CA (US)
Modeling Fragility in Rapidly Evolving Disaster Response Systems
Multi-Organizational Disaster Response Systems." Pittsburgh,in Rapidly Evolving Disaster Response Systems Louise K.capacity in an actual disaster response system to determine
Comfort, Louise K.; Ko, Kilkon; Zagorecki, Adam
The Estimation of Wind-Wave Generation in a Discrete Spectral Model
The estimation of wind-wave generation using a new discrete spectral model is compared to Hasselmann et al.'s (1976) parametric model and to models driven primarily by direct transfer of energy from the atmosphere into the surface waves. The main ...
Donald T. Resio
Revisiting the Steam-Boiler Case Study with LUTESS : Modeling for Automatic Test Generation
Revisiting the Steam-Boiler Case Study with LUTESS : Modeling for Automatic Test Generation. In this paper, we apply this modeling principle to a well known case study, the steam boiler problem which has model and to assess the difficulty of such a process in a realistic case study. The steam boiler case
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
A Novel MPPT Control Technology Based on Cloud Model for Photovoltaic Power Generation
The cloud model is a mathematical representation to fuzziness and randomness in linguistic concepts, and integrates the fuzziness and randomness of a linguistic concept in a unified way. This model is a new method for transformation between qualitative ... Keywords: photovoltaic power generation, MPPT, duty factor, cloud model
Lei An; Wei Fan
Considering baseline homophily when generating spatial social networks for agent-based modelling
Social networks have become an important part of agent-based models, and their structure may have remarkable impact on simulation results. We propose a simple and efficient but empirically based approach for spatial agent-based models which explicitly ... Keywords: Agent milieus, Empirical social networks, Network generator, Spatial agent-based modelling
Sascha Holzhauer; Friedrich Krebs; Andreas Ernst
A dynamic model system of household car ownership, trip generation, and modal split: model development and simulation experiment
1987) Why do people buy cars? Paper presented at the 5thRegression Model of Private Car Use. Report AE 4/87, FacultyEffects of Income and Car Ownership on Trip Generation: A
Kitamura, Ryuichi
A Simplified Lumped Parameter Model for U-Tube Steam Generator
A simplified lumped parameter model for U-tube steam generator (UTSG) is presented, according to its working principle and the mass and energy conservation theory as well as the principle of thermal system dynamics. A three-element controller of water ... Keywords: Steam generator, Lumped parameter, Dynamic, Simplified
Zhang Yongsheng; Ma Yunyi
Modelling and Analysis of Variable Speed Wind Turbines with Induction Generator during Grid
Modelling and Analysis of Variable Speed Wind Turbines with Induction Generator during Grid Fault Wind Turbines with Induction Generator during Grid Fault by Sigrid M. Bolik Institute of Energy turbine technology has undergone rapid developments. Growth in size and the optimization of wind turbines
Hansen, René Rydhof
Humidity response of the Eberline model PAC-7 alpha instrument
Response of the Eberline Model PAC-7 alpha instrument under varying relative humidity (RH) and temperature conditions was studied in an environmental chamber. Electric discharges resulting in spurious counts or in instrument paralysis occurred at 35 to 50% RH. Improvement in the RH level tolerated by the PAC-7 alpha instrument was obtained by conformal coating of the high-voltage region of the printed circuit (PC) board. Following this treatment, electric discharges occurred only at relatively high humidity levels and then as a result of high-voltage breakdown within the AC-24C probe rather than within the PC board.
McAtee, J.L.
Thermal-hydraulic response and iodine transport during a steam generator tube rupture
Recent reanalyses of the offsite dose consequences following a steam generator tube rupture have identified a possible non-conservatism in original FSAR analyses. Post-trip uncovery of the top of the steam generator U-tubes, in conjunction with a break near the U-tube top, could lead to increased iodine release due to a reduced ''scrubbing'' of the iodine in the primary break fluid by the steam generator secondary liquid. To evaluate this issue, analyses were performed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The RELAP5 computer code was used to conduct an analysis of the Surry plant to determine whether the post-trip steam generator secondary mixture level was sufficient to maintain continuous coverage of the U-tubes. The results indicated continuous coverage of the U-tubes. The RELAP5 result was supported by a hand calculation. Additional RELAP5 analyses were conducted to determine magnitudes of iodine release for a steam generator tube rupture. Two sensitivity studies were conducted. The amount of iodine released to the atmosphere was strongly dependent on the assumed value of the partition coefficient. The assumption of steam generator U-tube uncovery, on a collapsed liquid level basis, following reactor trip had a minor effect on the amount of released iodine. 17 refs., 28 figs., 5 tabs.
Callow, R.A.
On Imbalance Generated by Vortical Flows in a Two-Layer Spherical Boussinesq Primitive Equation Model
The spontaneous adjustment emission of inertia–gravity waves is investigated by examining the amount of imbalance generated during the evolution of unstable jets in an isentropic two-layer primitive equation model on the sphere. To determine the ...
Mohammad Mirzaei; Ali R. Mohebalhojeh; Farhang Ahmadi-Givi
A Generative Model for Statistical Determination of Information Content from Conversation Threads
We present a generative model for determining the information content of a message without analyzing the message content. Such a tool is useful for automated analysis of the vast contents of online communication which are extensively contaminated by ...
Yingjie Zhou; Malik Magdon-Ismail; William A. Wallace; Mark Goldberg
Mesoscale Forecasts Generated from Operational Numerical Weather-Prediction Model Output
A technique called Model Output Enhancement (MOE) has been developed for the generation and display of mesoscale weather forecasts. The MOE technique derives mesoscale or high-resolution (order of 1 km) weather forecasts from synoptic-scale ...
John G. W. Kelley; Joseph M. Russo; Toby N. Carlson; J. Ronald Eyton
Radiative Characteristics of the Canadian Climate Centre Second-Generation General Circulation Model
Several observational datasets were used to assess the quality of the radiative characteristics of the Canadian Climate Centre (CCC) second-generation GCM. The GCM data were obtained from the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) ...
Howard W. Barker; Zhanqing Li; Jean-Pierre Blanchet
TWO POSTDOC POSITIONS IN MULTISCALE MODELLING OF RELIABILITY OF NEW GENERATION NANO-DEVICES Two nano-devices. These posts are part of an international MORDRED project funded by EU FP7 to develop new
Saunders, Mark
An electromagnetic and thermodynamic lumped parameter model of an explosively driven regenerative magnetohydrodynamic generator
The objective of this research is to develop a simple, yet accurate, lumped parameter mathematical model for an explosively driven magnetohydrodynamic generator that can predict the pulse power variables of voltage and current from startup through regenerative operation. The inputs to the model will be the plasma properties entering the generator as predicted by the explosive shock model of Reference [1]. The strategy used was to simplify electromagnetic and thermodynamic three dimensional effects into a zero dimensional model. The model will provide a convenient tool for researchers to optimize designs to be used in pulse power applications. The model is validated using experimental data of Reference [1]. An overview of the operation of the explosively driven generator is first presented. Then a simplified electrical circuit model that describes basic performance of the device is developed. Then a lumped parameter model that incorporates the coupled electromagnetic and thermodynamic effects that govern generator performance is described and developed. The model is based on fundamental physical principles and parameters that were either obtained directly from design data or estimated from experimental data. The model was used to obtain parameter sensitivities and predict beyond the limits observed in the experiments to the levels desired by the potential Department of Defense sponsors. The model identifies process limitations that provide direction for future research.
Morrison, J.L.
Utility Systems Efficiencies, Inc. was tasked by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to conduct dynamic simulation studies of the three U.S. interconnections (Eastern, Western, and Texas). The simulations were prepared in support of LBNL's project for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to study frequency-response-related issues that must be addressed to operate the power system reliably with large amounts of variable renewable generation. The objective of the simulation studies of each interconnection was to assess the effects of different amounts of wind generation on frequency behavior of each interconnection following a sudden loss of generation. The scenarios created to study these effects considered an operating circumstance in which system load is at or close to its minimum. The event studied was the sudden loss of the largest amount of generation recorded within each interconnection. The simulations calculated the impact of this event on interconnection frequency for three levels of wind generation. In addition to varying the amount of wind generation, the simulations varied the amount of operating reserves between a high level representative of current operating practices and a low level representative of the minimum required by present operating rules.
Mackin, Peter; Daschmans, R.; Williams, B.; Haney, B.; Hung, R.; Ellis, J.
Higgs production cross-section in a Standard Model with four generations at the LHC
We present theoretical predictions for the Higgs boson production cross-section via gluon fusion at the LHC in a Standard Model with four generations. We include QCD corrections through NLO retaining the full dependence on the quark masses, and the NNLO corrections in the heavy quark effective theory approximation. We also include electroweak corrections through three loops. Electroweak and bottom-quark contributions are suppressed in comparison to the Standard Model with three generations.
Furlan E.; Anastasiou, C.; Buehler, S.; Herzog, F.; Lazopoulos, A.
EIA - International Energy Outlook 2008-Appendix J. Models Used To Generate
J. Models Used To Generate the IEO2008 Projections J. Models Used To Generate the IEO2008 Projections International Energy Outlook 2008 Appendix J. Models Used To Generate the IEO2008 Projections World Energy Projections Plus (WEPS+) The IEO2008 projections of world energy consumption and supply were generated from EIAÂ's World Energy Projections Plus (WEPS+) model. WEPS+ is a system of sectoral energy models that provide a loosely linked, integrated equilibrium modeling system. It is used primarily to provide alternative energy projections based on different assumptions for GDP growth and fossil fuel prices. The WEPS+ common platform allows the models to communicate with each other and provides a comprehensive, central series of output reports for analysis. For IEO2008, WEPS+ incorporates a separate transportation sector model with an extensive level of detail for modes and vehicle types. WEPS+ also incorporates some additional detail on industrial energy use in China and India, additional detail on end-use electricity consumption, and an interface to the System for the Analysis of Global Energy Markets/Global Electricity Module (see below) for generation, capacity, and fuel consumption in the electricity sector.
Gas generation and bubble formation model for crystalline silicotitanate ion exchange columns
The authors developed a transient model to describe the process of gas generation due to radiolysis and bubble formation in crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchange (IX) columns using the Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) software package. The model calculates gas concentrations and onset of bubble formation for large CST IX columns. The calculations include cesium loading as a function of time, gas generation as a function of cesium loading, and bubble formation as a function of gas solubility. This report summarizes the model development and predictions.
Hang, T.
Response of the Middle Atmosphere to CO2 Doubling: Results from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model
The Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) has been used to examine the middle atmosphere response to CO2 doubling. The radiative-photochemical response induced by doubling CO2 alone and the response produced by changes in prescribed SSTs are ...
V. I. Fomichev; A. I. Jonsson; J. de Grandpré; S. R. Beagley; C. McLandress; K. Semeniuk; T. G. Shepherd
Combination, a model vehicle engine and a direct-current generator
This patent describes an engine for a model vehicle and a direct-current generator, comprising: an internal-combustion engine; and a direct-current generator operatively coupled to the engine; wherein the generator comprises an armature, and a drive coupling member drivingly engaged with the armature; the armature has three poles; each of the poles has not less than six hundred turns of magnetic wire; the engine having first means comprising a crankshaft, and second means comprising a connecting rod; and one of the first a second means has means for drivingly engaging the drive coupling for imparting rotation to the generator from the engine.
Williams, G.A.
Hybrid Powertrain Optimization for Plug-In Microgrid Power Generation Automated Modeling Laboratory Slide 1 of 28
Hybrid Powertrain Optimization for Plug-In Microgrid Power Generation Automated Modeling LaboratoryPlug--InIn MicrogridMicrogrid Power GenerationPower Generation Scott J. MouraScott J. Moura DongsukDongsuk KumKum Hosam Powertrain Optimization for Plug-In Microgrid Power Generation Automated Modeling Laboratory Slide 2 of 28
Krstic, Miroslav
Neural Network Based Modeling of a Large Steam Turbine-Generator Rotor Body Parameters from On-Line Disturbance Data
Neural Network Based Modeling of a Large Steam Turbine-Generator Rotor Body Parameters from On technique to estimate and model rotor- body parameters of a large steam turbine-generator from real time
Integration of Renewables Via Demand Management: Highly Dispatchable and Distributed Demand Response for the Integration of Distributed Generation
GENI Project: AutoGrid, in conjunction with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Columbia University, will design and demonstrate automated control software that helps manage real-time demand for energy across the electric grid. Known as the Demand Response Optimization and Management System - Real-Time (DROMS-RT), the software will enable personalized price signal to be sent to millions of customers in extremely short timeframes—incentivizing them to alter their electricity use in response to grid conditions. This will help grid operators better manage unpredictable demand and supply fluctuations in short time-scales —making the power generation process more efficient and cost effective for both suppliers and consumers. DROMS-RT is expected to provide a 90% reduction in the cost of operating demand response and dynamic pricing Projects in the U.S.
www.cepe.ethz.ch A Real Options Evaluation Model for the Diffusion Prospects of New Renewable Power Generation Technologies
www.cepe.ethz.ch A real options evaluation model for the diffusion prospects of new renewable power generation technologies
Gürkan Kumbaroglu; Reinhard Madlener; Mustafa Demirel; Gürkan Kumbaroglu; Reinhard Madlener; Mustafa Demirel
Responses of Different Nonhydrostatic, Pressure-Coordinate Models to Orographic Forcing
Estimation of accuracy of different high-resolution, sound-filtered, pressure-coordinate models is carried out by modeling their response to orographic forcing. Evaluated models are the elastic nonhydrostatic model (EFM), the anelastic ...
R. Rőőm; A. Männik
Feasibility of a MHD generator as a transmitter for electromagnetic sounding of the earth. [Mathematical models
Development of a high-intensity source for use in time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings would permit investigation of geothermal systems to much greater depth than is now possible with controlled-source methods. The development of such a source is critically dependent upon a powerful, mobile generator. Magnetohydrodynamic pulse generators satisfy the weight and power requirements for such a generator. However, existing MHD generators which are used in geophysical applications are solid fueled, and therefore, very expensive to operate. Moreover, the pulse length from such a generator is limited to about 10 seconds, which may be too short to permit the maximum advantage to be gained from the available power. The shortcomings of the MHD generator will be remedied in a liquid-fueled generator now under development for the U.S. Air Force. A field program designed to compare available conventional and MHD generators would provide the necessary information for final generator selection, as well as an abundance of information on the nature of geothermal systems at depth. Operation and cost studies on MHD generators are given, and model calculations for TDEM soundings of geothermal hot-dry-rock systems are presented.
Fleming, D.B.
Automatic generation of CSP || B skeletons from xUML models
Automatic generation of CSP || B skeletons from xUML models Edward Turner, Helen Treharne, Steve. CSP B is a formal approach to specification that combines CSP and B. In this paper we present our tool that automatically trans- lates a subset of executable UML (xUML) models into CSP B, for the purpose of verification
Doran, Simon J.
Expanding the Model-Tracing Architecture: A 3rd Generation Intelligent Tutor for Algebra Symbolization
Following Computer Aided Instruction systems, 2nd generation tutors are Model-Tracing Tutors (MTTs) (Anderson & Pelletier, 1991) which are intelligent tutoring systems that have been very successful at aiding student learning, but have not reached the ... Keywords: Intelligent tutoring systems, algebra, model-tracing, student learning, teaching strategies
Neil T. Heffernan; Kenneth R. Koedinger; Leena Razzaq
A next-generation modeling capability assesses wind turbine array fluid dynamics and aeroelastic conditions with turbine models covering the range of scales important for wind plant dynamics to help address the impacts that upwind turbines have on turbines in their wake and give greater insight into overall wind
A Simplified Quasi-Linear Model for Wave Generation and Air–Sea Momentum Flux
A simplified model is described for wave generation and air–sea momentum flux. The model is based upon the quasilinear theory employed by Fabrikant and Janssen, in which the mean flow is approximated to second order in the wave amplitude and ...
Alastair D. Jenkins
An emission time series generator for pollutant release modelling in urban areas
Dynamic priority pollutant (PP) fate models are being developed to assess appropriate strategies for limiting the release of PPs from urban sources and for treating PPs on a variety of spatial scales. Different possible sources of PP releases were mapped ... Keywords: Emission pattern, Generator, Priority pollutants, Release dynamics, Sewer catchment model, Time series
W. De Keyser; V. Gevaert; F. Verdonck; B. De Baets; L. Benedetti
A Comparison of Forecast Error Generators for Modeling Wind and Load Uncertainty
This paper presents four algorithms to generate random forecast error time series, including a truncated-normal distribution model, a state-space based Markov model, a seasonal autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, and a stochastic-optimization based model. The error time series are used to create real-time (RT), hour-ahead (HA), and day-ahead (DA) wind and load forecast time series that statistically match historically observed forecasting data sets, used for variable generation integration studies. A comparison is made using historical DA load forecast and actual load values to generate new sets of DA forecasts with similar stoical forecast error characteristics. This paper discusses and compares the capabilities of each algorithm to preserve the characteristics of the historical forecast data sets.
Lu, Ning; Diao, Ruisheng; Hafen, Ryan P.; Samaan, Nader A.; Makarov, Yuri V.
Smart Finite State Devices: A Modeling Framework for Demand Response Technologies
We introduce and analyze Markov Decision Process (MDP) machines to model individual devices which are expected to participate in future demand-response markets on distribution grids. We differentiate devices into the following four types: (a) optional loads that can be shed, e.g. light dimming; (b) deferrable loads that can be delayed, e.g. dishwashers; (c) controllable loads with inertia, e.g. thermostatically-controlled loads, whose task is to maintain an auxiliary characteristic (temperature) within pre-defined margins; and (d) storage devices that can alternate between charging and generating. Our analysis of the devices seeks to find their optimal price-taking control strategy under a given stochastic model of the distribution market.
Turitsyn, Konstantin; Ananyev, Maxim; Chertkov, Michael
factor. Type 2 Wind Turbine Generator (Wound Rotor InductionTurbine Generator (Doubly-fed Induction (Asynchronous) Generator: The rotor
ELSEVIER Ecological Modelling 101 (1997) 61-78 Modeling nitrogen saturation in forest ecosystems in response
) and Harvard Forest (Petersham, MA). It is then used to predict transient responses in function resulting from, Petersham, MA. The validated model is then used to predict rates of change in N cycling and N leaching two sites, The Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA and The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, near West
New Hampshire, University of
The Nuclear-Matter Response in the Quark String-flip Model
Nuclear matter is modeled directly in terms of its constituent quarks. A many-body string-flip potential is used that confines quarks within hadrons, enables the hadrons to separate without generating van der Waals forces, and is symmetric in all quark coordinates. We present variational Monte Carlo results for the ground-state properties of large, three-dimensional systems. A phase transition from nuclear to quark matter is observed which is characterized by a dramatic rearrangement of strings. We report on exact calculations of the dynamic response of many-quark systems in one spatial dimension. At low density and small momentum transfers the response is substantially larger than that of a free Fermi gas of quarks; this suggests that there is a coherent response from all the quarks inside the hadron. This coherence, however, is incomplete, as the response is suppressed relative to that of a free Fermi gas of nucleons due to the internal quark substructure of the hadron.
Jorge Piekarewicz
Modeling of a second-generation solar-driven Rankine air conditioner. Final report
Ten configurations of a second-generation (2G), solar-powered, Rankine-driven air conditioner were simulated and the data presented for use in companion studies. The results of the analysis show that the boiling-in-collector (BIC) configuration generates more power per collector area than the other configurations. The models used to simulate the configuration are presented in this report. The generated data are also presented. Experimental work was done under this study to both improve a novel refrigerant and oil lubrication system for the centrifugal compressor and investigate the aerodynamic unloading characteristics of the centrifugal compressor. The information generated was used to define possible turbo-gearbox configurations for use in the second generation computer simulation.
Denius, M.W.; Batton, W.D.
Equilibrium Response of an Atmosphere–Mixed Layer Ocean Model to Different Radiative Forcing Agents: Global and Zonal Mean Response
The equilibrium response to various forcing agents, including CO2, solar irradiance, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and volcanic aerosols, is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a ...
Masakazu Yoshimori; Anthony J. Broccoli
A model for estimation of potential generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Brazil
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Literature of WEEE generation in developing countries is reviewed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We analyse existing estimates of WEEE generation for Brazil. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We present a model for WEEE generation estimate. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer WEEE generation of 3.77 kg/capita year for 2008 is estimated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Use of constant lifetime should be avoided for non-mature market products. - Abstract: Sales of electrical and electronic equipment are increasing dramatically in developing countries. Usually, there are no reliable data about quantities of the waste generated. A new law for solid waste management was enacted in Brazil in 2010, and the infrastructure to treat this waste must be planned, considering the volumes of the different types of electrical and electronic equipment generated. This paper reviews the literature regarding estimation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), focusing on developing countries, particularly in Latin America. It briefly describes the current WEEE system in Brazil and presents an updated estimate of generation of WEEE. Considering the limited available data in Brazil, a model for WEEE generation estimation is proposed in which different methods are used for mature and non-mature market products. The results showed that the most important variable is the equipment lifetime, which requires a thorough understanding of consumer behavior to estimate. Since Brazil is a rapidly expanding market, the 'boom' in waste generation is still to come. In the near future, better data will provide more reliable estimation of waste generation and a clearer interpretation of the lifetime variable throughout the years.
Araujo, Marcelo Guimaraes, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Energy Planning Department (Brazil); Magrini, Alessandra [Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Energy Planning Department (Brazil); Mahler, Claudio Fernando [Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, GETRES (Brazil); Bilitewski, Bernd [Technical University of Dresden, Institute of Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment (IAA) (Germany)
Use of Frequency Response Metrics to Assess the Planning and Operating Requirements for Reliable Integration of Variable Renewable Generation
An interconnected electric power system is a complex system that must be operated within a safe frequency range in order to reliably maintain the instantaneous balance between generation and load. This is accomplished by ensuring that adequate resources are available to respond to expected and unexpected imbalances and restoring frequency to its scheduled value in order to ensure uninterrupted electric service to customers. Electrical systems must be flexible enough to reliably operate under a variety of"change" scenarios. System planners and operators must understand how other parts of the system change in response to the initial change, and need tools to manage such changes to ensure reliable operation within the scheduled frequency range. This report presents a systematic approach to identifying metrics that are useful for operating and planning a reliable system with increased amounts of variable renewable generation which builds on existing industry practices for frequency control after unexpected loss of a large amount of generation. The report introduces a set of metrics or tools for measuring the adequacy of frequency response within an interconnection. Based on the concept of the frequency nadir, these metrics take advantage of new information gathering and processing capabilities that system operators are developing for wide-area situational awareness. Primary frequency response is the leading metric that will be used by this report to assess the adequacy of primary frequency control reserves necessary to ensure reliable operation. It measures what is needed to arrest frequency decline (i.e., to establish frequency nadir) at a frequency higher than the highest set point for under-frequency load shedding within an interconnection. These metrics can be used to guide the reliable operation of an interconnection under changing circumstances.
Eto, Joseph H.; Undrill, John; Mackin, Peter; Daschmans, Ron; Williams, Ben; Haney, Brian; Hunt, Randall; Ellis, Jeff; Illian, Howard; Martinez, Carlos; O' Malley, Mark; Coughlin, Katie; LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi
This paper presents four algorithms to generate random forecast error time series. The performance of four algorithms is compared. The error time series are used to create real-time (RT), hour-ahead (HA), and day-ahead (DA) wind and load forecast time series that statistically match historically observed forecasting data sets used in power grid operation to study the net load balancing need in variable generation integration studies. The four algorithms are truncated-normal distribution models, state-space based Markov models, seasonal autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, and a stochastic-optimization based approach. The comparison is made using historical DA load forecast and actual load values to generate new sets of DA forecasts with similar stoical forecast error characteristics (i.e., mean, standard deviation, autocorrelation, and cross-correlation). The results show that all methods generate satisfactory results. One method may preserve one or two required statistical characteristics better the other methods, but may not preserve other statistical characteristics as well compared with the other methods. Because the wind and load forecast error generators are used in wind integration studies to produce wind and load forecasts time series for stochastic planning processes, it is sometimes critical to use multiple methods to generate the error time series to obtain a statistically robust result. Therefore, this paper discusses and compares the capabilities of each algorithm to preserve the characteristics of the historical forecast data sets.
Effects of Long Waves on Wind-Generated Waves
A model is developed to explain the observation made in several laboratory experiments that short wind-generated waves are suppressed by a train of long, mechanically generated waves. A sheltering mechanism is responsible for generation of the ...
Gang Chen; Stephen E. Belcher
Development of the in-structure response spectra of the VVER-440 Model 230 Kozloduy Plant
The Kozloduy NPP is located in the North-West part of Bulgaria on the Danube river. The plant consists of four units of 440 MW and two units of 1,000 MW. In the last 15 years there have been three strong, intermediate depth earthquakes in the Vrancea seismic zone (1977, 1986, 1990) which have affected the NPP site. The Vrancea zone is located approximately 300 km northeast of the plant. It is known for the generation of strong, long-period seismic motions. In 1990 an intensive work program for qualification of the plant according to the international standards (IAEA 1991; IAEA 1992) was initiated. The work started by a project for site confirmation. As a result, new design seismic characteristics were obtained. A Review Level Earthquake is defined by a maximum acceleration of 0.2 g; a response spectrum is shown. The generation of the in-structure response spectra for units 1 and 2 VVER-440 Model 230 is presented in this paper. The coauthors belong to an IAEA Advisory Team assisting the seismic upgrading project of the Kozloduy plant.
Kostov, M.K. [Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (BG). Central Lab. for Seismic Mechanics and Earthquake Engineering; Ma, D.C. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Prato, C.A. [Univ. of Cordoba (AR); Stevenson, J.D. [Stevenson and Associates, Cleveland, OH (US)
Uncertainty quantification given discontinuous climate model response and a limited number of model runs.
Uncertainty quantification in complex climate models is challenged by the sparsity of available climate model predictions due to the high computational cost of model runs. Another feature that prevents classical uncertainty analysis from being readily applicable is bifurcative behavior in climate model response with respect to certain input parameters. A typical example is the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The predicted maximum overturning stream function exhibits discontinuity across a curve in the space of two uncertain parameters, namely climate sensitivity and CO2 forcing. We outline a methodology for uncertainty quantification given discontinuous model response and a limited number of model runs. Our approach is two-fold. First we detect the discontinuity with Bayesian inference, thus obtaining a probabilistic representation of the discontinuity curve shape and location for arbitrarily distributed input parameter values. Then, we construct spectral representations of uncertainty, using Polynomial Chaos (PC) expansions on either side of the discontinuity curve, leading to an averaged-PC representation of the forward model that allows efficient uncertainty quantification. The approach is enabled by a Rosenblatt transformation that maps each side of the discontinuity to regular domains where desirable orthogonality properties for the spectral bases hold. We obtain PC modes by either orthogonal projection or Bayesian inference, and argue for a hybrid approach that targets a balance between the accuracy provided by the orthogonal projection and the flexibility provided by the Bayesian inference - where the latter allows obtaining reasonable expansions without extra forward model runs. The model output, and its associated uncertainty at specific design points, are then computed by taking an ensemble average over PC expansions corresponding to possible realizations of the discontinuity curve. The methodology is tested on synthetic examples of discontinuous model data with adjustable sharpness and structure.
Safta, Cosmin; Debusschere, Bert J.; Najm, Habib N.; Sargsyan, Khachik
New approach for describing transient pressure response generated by horizontal wells of arbitrary geometry
This paper is aimed at developing a methodology for studying the transient pressure behavior of horizontal wells with any curvilinear trajectory in an isotropic/anisotropic arbitrarily shaped reservoir. This methodology employs generalized functions ... Keywords: curved/twisted trajectory, diffusivity equation, finite elements method, generalized functions, horizontal well, mathematical modeling, sources, transient pressure
Reinaldo J. González-Requena; Juan M. Guevara-Jordan
Modeling the Surface Heat Flux Response to Long-Lived SST Anomalies in the North Atlantic
An atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), a simplified atmospheric model (SAM) of surface heat flux, and various idealized analytic models have been used to investigate the atmospheric response over the North Atlantic to SST anomalies ...
S. B. Power; R. Kleeman; R. A. Colman; B. J. McAvaney
GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part IV: Idealized Climate Response
The climate response to idealized changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration by the new GFDL climate model (CM2) is documented. This new model is very different from earlier GFDL models in its parameterizations of subgrid-scale physical ...
R. J. Stouffer; A. J. Broccoli; T. L. Delworth; K. W. Dixon; R. Gudgel; I. Held; R. Hemler; T. Knutson; Hyun-Chul Lee; M. D. Schwarzkopf; B. Soden; M. J. Spelman; M. Winton; Fanrong Zeng
Steady Linear Response to Thermal Forcing of an Anomaly Model with an Asymmetric Climatology
An anomaly model linearized around the observed winter climatology is used to study the steady response of the atmosphere to diabatic heating. The model is an R7, nine vertical levels, primitive equations, fully spectral model, derived from the ...
A. Navarra
comes to demand response is FERC is own worst enemy? Tech.9.1-2 (1986), pp. 5–18. [46] FERC. A national assessment of09-demand-response.pdf. [47] FERC. National action plan on
Mathieu, Johanna L.
EIA - International Energy Outlook 2009-Appendix J. Models Used To Generate
J. Models Used To Generate the IEO2009 Projections J. Models Used To Generate the IEO2009 Projections International Energy Outlook 2009 Appendix J. Models Used To Generate the IEO2009 Projections The IEO2009 projections of world energy consumption and supply were generated from EIAÂ's World Energy Projections Plus (WEPS+) model. WEPS+ consists of a system of individual sectoral energy models, using an integrated iterative solution process that allows for convergence of consumption and prices to an equilibrium solution. It is used primarily to provide alternative energy projections based on different assumptions for GDP growth and fossil fuel prices and can also be used to perform other analyses. WEPS+ produces projections for 16 regions or countries of the world, including North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico), OECD Europe, OECD Asia (Japan, South Korea, and Australia/New Zealand), Russia, other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia, China, India, other non-OECD Asia, Brazil, and other Central and South America. Currently, the projections extend to 2030.
new technologies such as demand response and energy storagea specialized form of demand response to control frequencyfrequency-responsive demand response, can readily off-set
Eto, Joseph H.
A Statistical Model for Generating a Population of Unclassified Objects and Radiation Signatures Spanning Nuclear Threats
This report describes an approach for generating a simulated population of plausible nuclear threat radiation signatures spanning a range of variability that could be encountered by radiation detection systems. In this approach, we develop a statistical model for generating random instances of smuggled nuclear material. The model is based on physics principles and bounding cases rather than on intelligence information or actual threat device designs. For this initial stage of work, we focus on random models using fissile material and do not address scenarios using non-fissile materials. The model has several uses. It may be used as a component in a radiation detection system performance simulation to generate threat samples for injection studies. It may also be used to generate a threat population to be used for training classification algorithms. In addition, we intend to use this model to generate an unclassified 'benchmark' threat population that can be openly shared with other organizations, including vendors, for use in radiation detection systems performance studies and algorithm development and evaluation activities. We assume that a quantity of fissile material is being smuggled into the country for final assembly and that shielding may have been placed around the fissile material. In terms of radiation signature, a nuclear weapon is basically a quantity of fissile material surrounded by various layers of shielding. Thus, our model of smuggled material is expected to span the space of potential nuclear weapon signatures as well. For computational efficiency, we use a generic 1-dimensional spherical model consisting of a fissile material core surrounded by various layers of shielding. The shielding layers and their configuration are defined such that the model can represent the potential range of attenuation and scattering that might occur. The materials in each layer and the associated parameters are selected from probability distributions that span the range of possibilities. Once an object is generated, its radiation signature is calculated using a 1-dimensional deterministic transport code. Objects that do not make sense based on physics principles or other constraints are rejected. Thus, the model can be used to generate a population of spectral signatures that spans a large space, including smuggled nuclear material and nuclear weapons.
Nelson, K; Sokkappa, P
The fast solar wind is generated by extended perpendicular ion heating in coronal holes, but the kinetic mechanism responsible for this heating has not been determined. One long-standing possibility is the resonant-cyclotron dissipation of ion-cyclotron waves, replenished from a turbulent cascade of interacting counter-propagating Alfven waves. We present results of a kinetic model for proton heating by the quasilinear resonant-cyclotron wave-particle interaction in a coronal hole. The resonant wave spectrum is taken as a power law in wavenumber, uniformly distributed in propagation direction between 0 deg. and 60 deg. with respect to the large-scale radial magnetic field. We obtain the steady-state solution of the kinetic guiding-center equation for the proton distribution in an expanding coronal hole, including the effects of large-scale forces of gravity, charge-separation electric field, Alfven wave ponderomotive force, and mirror force, along with the small-scale scattering from the wave dissipation. We find that plausible wave intensities can yield reasonable flow speeds and temperatures in the heliocentric radial range between 2 and 6 solar radii. We address the claim in earlier work that dissipation of parallel-propagating ion-cyclotron waves cannot provide enough acceleration and show that claim to be incorrect. We find that the combined action of the large-scale forces and the resonant-cyclotron scattering produces proton distribution functions with a characteristic structure: compressed in the sunward half of velocity space with a high-density shell separate from the origin, and relatively expanded in the anti-sunward half of velocity space. We suggest that qualitatively similar proton distributions would result from the kinetic evolution of any sufficiently effective perpendicular heating mechanism operating in an expanding coronal hole.
Isenberg, Philip A.; Vasquez, Bernard J. [Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space and Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 (United States)
Modeling of a horizontal steam generator for the submerged nuclear power station concept
A submerged nuclear power station has been proposed as an alternative power station with a relatively low environmental impact for use by both industrialized and developing countries. The station would be placed 10 m above the seabed at a depth of 30--100 m and a distance of 10--30 km from shore. The submerged nuclear power station would be manufactured and refueled in a central facility, thus gaining the economies of factoryfabrication and the flexibility of short-lead-time deployment. To minimize the size of the submerged hull, horizontal steam generators are proposed for the primary-to-secondary heat transfer, instead of the more traditional vertical steam generators. The horizontal steam generators for SNPS would be similar in design to the horizontal steam generators used in the N-Reactors except the tube orientation is horizontal (the tube`s inlet and outlet connection points on the tubesheet are at the same elevation). Previous RELAP5 input decks for horizontal steam generators have been either very simplistic (Loviisa PWR) or used a vertical tube orientation (N-Reactor). This paper will present the development and testing of a RELAP5 horizontal steam generator model, complete with a simple secondary water level control system, that accounts for the dynamic flow conditions which exist inside horizontal steam generators.
Palmrose, D.E.; Herring, J.S.
A submerged nuclear power station has been proposed as an alternative power station with a relatively low environmental impact for use by both industrialized and developing countries. The station would be placed 10 m above the seabed at a depth of 30--100 m and a distance of 10--30 km from shore. The submerged nuclear power station would be manufactured and refueled in a central facility, thus gaining the economies of factoryfabrication and the flexibility of short-lead-time deployment. To minimize the size of the submerged hull, horizontal steam generators are proposed for the primary-to-secondary heat transfer, instead of the more traditional vertical steam generators. The horizontal steam generators for SNPS would be similar in design to the horizontal steam generators used in the N-Reactors except the tube orientation is horizontal (the tube's inlet and outlet connection points on the tubesheet are at the same elevation). Previous RELAP5 input decks for horizontal steam generators have been either very simplistic (Loviisa PWR) or used a vertical tube orientation (N-Reactor). This paper will present the development and testing of a RELAP5 horizontal steam generator model, complete with a simple secondary water level control system, that accounts for the dynamic flow conditions which exist inside horizontal steam generators.
Fuel Cell Tri-Generation System Case Study using the H2A Stationary Model
Fuel Cell Tri-Generation System Case Fuel Cell Tri-Generation System Case Study using the H2A Stationary Model Darlene Steward/ Mike Penev National Renewable Energy Laboratory Integrated Stationary Power and Transportation Workshop Phoenix, Arizona October 27, 2008 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future 2 Introduction Goal: Develop a cost analysis tool that will be flexible and comprehensive enough to realistically analyze a wide variety of potential combined heat and power/hydrogen production scenarios Approach: Rely on the H2A discounted cash flow methodology to develop a new stationary systems model With the help of industry partners, develop and analyze a range of realistic case studies for tri-generation systems. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future
Learning and cost reductions for generating technologies in the national energy modeling system (NEMS)
This report describes how Learning-by-Doing (LBD) is implemented endogenously in the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) for generating plants. LBD is experiential learning that correlates to a generating technology's capacity growth. The annual amount of Learning-by-Doing affects the annual overnight cost reduction. Currently, there is no straightforward way to integrate and make sense of all the diffuse information related to the endogenous learning calculation in NEMS. This paper organizes the relevant information from the NEMS documentation, source code, input files, and output files, in order to make the model's logic more accessible. The end results are shown in three ways: in a simple spreadsheet containing all the parameters related to endogenous learning; by an algorithm that traces how the parameters lead to cost reductions; and by examples showing how AEO 2004 forecasts the reduction of overnight costs for generating technologies over time.
Gumerman, Etan; Marnay, Chris
VANESA: a mechanistic model of radionuclide release and aerosol generation during core debris interactions with concrete
This document describes a model, called VANESA, of the release of radionuclides and generation of aerosol accompanying reactor core melt interactions with structural concrete. The document also serves as a user's manual for an implementation of the VANESA model as a computer code. The technical bases for the VANESA model are reviewed. Mechanical generation of aerosols as bubbles burst at melt surfaces or as a result of liquid entrainment is considered. A description of these processes based on data for gas-sparged water systems is included in the VANESA model. Some limiting solutions to the problem of the competitive processes of nucleation of particles from vapor, condensation of vapors on surfaces, and coagulation of particles are examined. From these examinations an approximate model of the aerosol particle size produced during core debris interactions with concrete is devised. The attenuation of aerosol emission during core debris/concrete interactions by an overlying water pool is discussed. The document concludes with a description of a computer code implementation of the VANESA model. This implementation of the model was used in recent assessments of the behavior of radionuclides during severe reactor accidents. Comparisons of the predictions of radionuclide release during core debris/concrete interactions obtained with the VANESA model and with older models are presented.
Powers, D.A.; Brockmann, J.E.; Shiver, A.W.
Improvement in Accuracy of Prediction of Electrical Machine Constants and Generator Models for Subsynchronous Resonance Conditions, Volumes 1 and 2
Using the sophisticated finite-element method, researchers have produced more accurate generator models that can better predict power system performance. This method is ready for provisional use in generator analysis.
Effects of Remote Generation Sites on Model Estimates of M2 Internal Tides in the Philippine Sea
This study investigates the impact of remotely generated internal tides on model estimates of barotropic to baroclinic tidal conversion for two generation sites bounding the Philippine Sea: the Luzon Strait and the Mariana Island Arc. A primitive ...
Colette G. Kerry; Brian S. Powell; Glenn S. Carter
A computer model of gas generation and transport within TRU waste drums
A computer model has been developed to predict radiolytic gas generation and transport within Transuranic (TRU) waste drums and surrounding enclosures. Gas generation from the radiolytic decomposition of organic material contaminated with plutonium is modeled and the concentrations of gas throughout the waste drum and enclosures are determined using a diffusional transport model. The model accurately reproduces experimentally measured gas concentrations. With polyethylene waste in unvented drums, the model predicts that the concentration of hydrogen gas can exceed 4 mole percent (lower flammable limit) with only about 5 curies of plutonium. If the drum liner is punctured and an unrestricted 0.75-in. carbon composite filter vent is installed in the drum lid, the plutonium loading can be increased to 240 Ci without generating flammable gas mixtures. Larger diameter filters can be used to increase the curie loading. The model has been used to show that shipments of 1000 Ci of plutonium-238 contaminated waste from Savannah River to the WIPP site are feasible using the TRUPACT shipping container. 10 refs., 17 figs., 6 tabs.
Smith, F.G. III
Steady Nonlinear Response of a Barotropic Quasi-unidimensional Model to Complex Topography
The response of a simple quasi-unidimensional barotropic model is studied. Wave-wave interaction, and bending the linear resonant response to the topographic forcing allows multiple equilibria if the zonal mean flow is assigned. The stationary ...
R. Benzi; S. Iarloir; G. Lippolis; A. Sutera
Performance of Wind Power Generation Working Group. " IEC1971. Control of Generation and Power Flow on Interconnectedvariable renewable generation on power system reliability,
nation's mix of generation sources changes. The potentiallarge conventional generation sources can be used as a toolVariable Renewable Generation Source: Undrill (2010) Figure
Toward bridging the annotation-retrieval gap in image search by a generative modeling approach
While automatic image annotation remains an actively pursued research topic, enhancement of image search through its use has not been extensively explored. We propose an annotation-driven image retrieval approach and argue that under a number of different ... Keywords: automatic annotation, generative models, image search
Ritendra Datta; Weina Ge; Jia Li; James Z. Wang
Generating multimedia presentations that summarize the behavior of dynamic systems using a model-based approach
This article describes a knowledge-based method for generating multimedia descriptions that summarize the behavior of dynamic systems. We designed this method for users who monitor the behavior of a dynamic system with the help of sensor networks and ... Keywords: Behavior summarization, Data abstraction, Data-to-text system, Intelligent user interface, Multimedia presentation, Presentation model, Text-graphic coordination
Martin Molina; Victor Flores
Polarimetric remote sensing system analysis: Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model
i Polarimetric remote sensing system analysis: Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation CENTER FOR IMAGING SCIENCE Title of Dissertation: Polarimetric remote sensing system analysis: DIRSIG____________________________________________________________ Date #12;vi #12;vii Polarimetric remote sensing system analysis: DIRSIG model validation and impact
Salvaggio, Carl
Power System Modeling of 20percent Wind-Generated Electricity by 2030
Price Reduction Offsetting demand for natural gas in the electricity sector by increasing wind energy'price reductions, and water savings. Index Terms—power system modeling, wind energywind energy to offset coal- and natural gas-based electricity generation analyzed here include decreased natural gas prices,
Hand, Maureen
Nuclear spirals in galaxies: gas response to asymmetric potential. II. Hydrodynamical models
Nuclear spirals naturally form as a gas response to non-axisymmetry in the galactic potential, even if the degree of this asymmetry is very small. Linear wave theory well describes weak nuclear spirals, but spirals induced by stronger asymmetries in the potential are clearly beyond the linear regime. Hydrodynamical models indicate spiral shocks in this latter case that, depending on how the spiral intersects the x2 orbits, either get damped, leading to the formation of the nuclear ring, or get strengthened, and propagate towards the galaxy centre. Central massive black hole of sufficient mass can allow the spiral shocks to extend all the way to its immediate vicinity, and to generate gas inflow up to 0.03 M_sun/yr, which coincides with the accretion rates needed to power luminous local Active Galactic Nuclei.
Maciejewski, Witold
Witold Maciejewski
Design evaluation and optimisation in multiple response nonlinear mixed effect models: PFIM 3.0
Nonlinear mixed effect models (NLMEM) with multiple responses are increasingly used in pharmacometrics, one of the main examples being the joint analysis of the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a drug. Efficient tools for design evaluation ... Keywords: D-optimality, Fisher information matrix, Multiple response models, Nonlinear mixed effect models, Optimal designs, PFIM
Caroline Bazzoli; Sylvie Retout; France Mentré
System for generating two-dimensional masks from a three-dimensional model using topological analysis
A method of generating two-dimensional masks from a three-dimensional model comprises providing a three-dimensional model representing a micro-electro-mechanical structure for manufacture and a description of process mask requirements, reducing the three-dimensional model to a topological description of unique cross sections, and selecting candidate masks from the unique cross sections and the cross section topology. The method further can comprise reconciling the candidate masks based on the process mask requirements description to produce two-dimensional process masks.
Schiek, Richard (Albuquerque, NM)
Transient Response of the Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model to Increasing Carbon Dioxide. Part III: Analysis of Global-Mean Response Using Simple Models
The roles of surface, atmospheric, and oceanic feedbacks in controlling the global-mean transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to increasing carbon dioxide are investigated. The analysis employs a four-box ...
J. M. Murphy
A Multi-State Model for the Reliability Assessment of a Distributed Generation System via Universal Generating Function
the power output of one solar module u-function of the power output of one solar module, Number of functioning solar modules in the solar generator Power output of a single solar module at solar irradiance-function of the mechanical condition of one renewable generator, Random variable representing the power output of a solar
Making the Most out of Distributed Generation without Endangering Normal Operation: A Model-Based Technical-Policy Approach.
??In this dissertation we introduce a model-based approach for efficiently locating and operating distributed generation (DG) without endangering stable system operation. The proposed approach supports… (more)
Nazari, Masoud Honarvar
Modeling and Verification of Distributed Generation and Voltage Regulation Equipment for Unbalanced Distribution Power Systems; Annual Subcontract Report, June 2007
This report summarizes the development of models for distributed generation and distribution circuit voltage regulation equipment for unbalanced power systems and their verification through actual field measurements.
Davis, M. W.; Broadwater, R.; Hambrick, J.
Estimating Demand Response Load Impacts: Evaluation of Baseline Load Models for Non-
, and the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Permitting, Siting and Analysis of the ULBNL-63728 Estimating Demand Response Load Impacts: Evaluation of Baseline Load Models for Non .............................................................................................................. 9 4. Baseline Profile (BLP) Models
The Response of a Stochastically Forced ENSO Model to Observed Off-Equatorial Wind Stress Forcing
This study investigates the response of a stochastically forced coupled atmosphere–ocean model of the equatorial Pacific to off-equatorial wind stress anomaly forcing. The intermediate-complexity coupled ENSO model comprises a linear, first ...
Shayne McGregor; Neil J. Holbrook; Scott B. Power
Computational models of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress
The cardiovascular response to changes in posture has been the focus of numerous investigations in the past. Yet despite considerable, targeted experimental effort, the mechanisms underlying orthostatic intolerance (OI) ...
Heldt, Thomas, 1972-
Automated and reliable 3D reconstruction of man-made structures is important for various applications in virtual reality, city modeling, military training, etc. This paper is concerned with the automated generation of Digital Building Models (DBM) associated with complex structures comprised of small parts with different slopes, sizes, and shapes, from a LiDAR point cloud. The proposed methodology consists of a sequence of four steps: ground/non-ground point separation; building hypothesis generation; segmentation of planar patches and intermediate boundary generation; and boundary refinement and 3D wire frame generation. First, a novel ground/non-ground point classification technique is proposed based on the visibility analysis among ground and non-ground points in a synthesized perspective view. Once the LiDAR point cloud has been classified into ground and non-ground points, the non-ground points are analyzed and used to generate hypotheses of building instances based on the point attributes and the spatial relationships among the points. The third step of the proposed methodology segments each building hypothesis into a group of planar patches while simultaneously considering the attribute similarity and the spatial proximity among the points. The intermediate boundaries for segmented clusters are produced by using a modified convex hull algorithm. These boundaries are used as initial approximations of the planar surfaces comprising the building model of a given hypothesis. The last step of the proposed methodology utilizes these initial boundaries to come up with a refined set of boundaries, which are connected to produce a wire frame representing the DBM. The performance of the proposed methodology has been evaluated using experimental results from real data.
Changjae Kim; Ayman Habib; Yu-chuan Chang
The Wind Energy Deployment System model was used to estimate the costs and benefits associated with producing 20% of the nation's electricity from wind technology by 2030. This generation capacity expansion model selects from electricity generation technologies that include pulverized coal plants, combined cycle natural gas plants, combustion turbine natural gas plants, nuclear plants, and wind technology to meet projected demand in future years. Technology cost and performance projections, as well as transmission operation and expansion costs, are assumed. This study demonstrates that producing 20% of the nation's projected electricity demand in 2030 from wind technology is technically feasible, not cost-prohibitive, and provides benefits in the forms of carbon emission reductions, natural gas price reductions, and water savings.
Bolinger, Mark A; Hand, Maureen; Blair, Nate; Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan; Hern, Tracy; Miller, Bart; O& #39; Connell, R.
Bolinger, Mark A; Hand, Maureen; Blair, Nate; Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan; Hern, Tracy; Miller, Bart; O'Connell, R.
Modeling the Response of Canopy Stomatal Conductance to Humidity
Humidity of air is a key environmental variable in controlling the stomatal conductance (g) of plant leaves. The stomatal conductance–humidity relationships employed in the Ball–Woodrow–Berry (BWB) model and the Leuning model have been widely ...
Shusen Wang; Yan Yang; Alexander P. Trishchenko; Alan G. Barr; T. A. Black; Harry McCaughey
Voltage sag ride through using Improved Adaptive Internal Model Controller for doubly fed induction generator wind farms
This paper presents the effect of a single pulse dither signal injection in adaptive internal model controller for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farm. Rotor current controller using adaptive internal model controller is designed ...
N. Amuthan, P. Subburaj, P. Melba Mary
Enumeration Conservation Law and Natural Parallelism of the D-algorithms for Test Generation and Modeling in Engineering Diagnostics
In Part I, typical and minimum diagnostic labyrinths that graphically model generation and modeling of tests were introduced using the D-algorithms. Notions of the value of diagnostic enumeration and the minimum value Prmin of this ...
P. A. Pravil'shchikov
A Third-Generation Model for Wind Waves on Slowly Varying, Unsteady, and Inhomogeneous Depths and Currents
A full discrete spectral model for propagation generation and dissipation of wind waves for arbitrary depth, current and wind fields is presented (WAVEWATCH). This model incorporates all relevant wave-current interaction mechanisms including ...
Modified SDOF Models for Improved Representation of the Impact Response
requires electrolytics #12;Reliability predictor models · MIL-HDBK 217F  Last updated in 1995  Does
Feraboli, Paolo
Wind Turbine Generator Model Validation Software Tool (WTGMV) Version 1.0
This software tool allows the user to validate the model for a wind turbine generator (WTG) using measured disturbance data from either a digital fault recorder (DFR) or a phaor measurement unit (PMU) located at the turbine - factor measured data from type testing of the turbine may also be used. The tool also performs parameter optimization on a some of the model parameters such as a few of the controller gains. The tool is a first step in the ultimate plan to enhance the tool to allow for ...
Combining quasi and empirical likelihoods in generalized linear models with missing responses
By only specifying the conditional mean and variance functions of the response variable given covariates, the quasi-likelihood can produce valid semiparametric inference for regression parameter in generalized linear models (GLMs). However, in many studies, ... Keywords: 62F12, 62F30, 62G10, Auxiliary information, Combined quasi and empirical likelihood, Generalized linear models, Missing responses, Wilks' theorem
Tianqing Liu; Xiaohui Yuan
Supercomputer Assisted Generation of Machine Learning Agents for the Calibration of Building Energy Models
Building Energy Modeling (BEM) is an approach to model the energy usage in buildings for design and retrot pur- poses. EnergyPlus is the agship Department of Energy software that performs BEM for dierent types of buildings. The input to EnergyPlus can often extend in the order of a few thousand parameters which have to be calibrated manu- ally by an expert for realistic energy modeling. This makes it challenging and expensive thereby making building en- ergy modeling unfeasible for smaller projects. In this paper, we describe the \\Autotune" research which employs machine learning algorithms to generate agents for the dierent kinds of standard reference buildings in the U.S. building stock. The parametric space and the variety of building locations and types make this a challenging computational problem necessitating the use of supercomputers. Millions of En- ergyPlus simulations are run on supercomputers which are subsequently used to train machine learning algorithms to generate agents. These agents, once created, can then run in a fraction of the time thereby allowing cost-eective cali- bration of building models.
Sanyal, Jibonananda [ORNL; New, Joshua Ryan [ORNL; Edwards, Richard [ORNL
A review of agent-based models for forecasting the deployment of distributed generation in energy systems
Agent-based models are seeing increasing use in the study of distributed generation (DG) deployment. Researchers and decision makers involved in the implementation of DG have been lacking a concise overview of why they should consider using agent-based ... Keywords: agent-based modeling, consumer behavior, distributed generation, energy forecasting, product deployment
Jason G. Veneman; M. A. Oey; L. J. Kortmann; F. M. Brazier; L. J. de Vries
Modeling of gas generation from the Cameo coal zone in the Piceance Basin Colorado
The gas generative potential of the Cretaceous Cameo coal in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado, was evaluated quantitatively by sealed gold tube pyrolysis. The H/C and O/C elemental ratios show that pyrolyzed Cameo coal samples follow the Van Krevelen humic coal evolution pathway, reasonably simulating natural coal maturation. Kinetic parameters (activation energy and frequency factor) for gas generation and vitrinite reflectance (R{sub o}) changes were calculated from pyrolysis data. Experimental R{sub o} results from this study are not adequately predicted by published R{sub o} kinetics and indicate the necessity of deriving basin-specific kinetic parameters when building predictive basin models. Using derived kinetics for R{sub o}, evolution and gas generation, basin modeling was completed for 57 wells across the Piceance Basin, which enabled the mapping of coal-rank and coalbed gas potential. Quantities of methane generated at approximately 1.2% R{sub o} are about 300 standard cubic feet per ton (scf/ton) and more than 2500 scf/ton (in-situ dry-ash-free coal) at R{sub o}, values reaching 1.9%. Gases generated in both low- and high-maturity coals are less wet, whereas the wetter gas is expected where R{sub o} is approximately 1.4-1.5%. As controlled by regional coal rank and net coal thickness, the largest in-place coalbed gas resources are located in the central part of the basin, where predicted volumes exceed 150 bcf/mi, excluding gases in tight sands.
Zhang, E.; Hill, R.J.; Katz, B.J.; Tang, Y.C. [Shell Exploration and Production Co., BTC, Houston, TX (United States)
4.2.1 Individual TCL model . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.2.2 Plant: The TCL population . . . . . . . .5 TCL Resource, Revenues & Costs 5.1 Chapter
Model Recovery Procedure for Response to a Radiological Transportation Incident
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
This Transportation Emergency Preparedness Program (TEPP) Model Recovery Procedure contains the recommended elements for developing and conducting recovery planning at transportation incident scene...
buildings". In: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 120 (I-II". In: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 120 (1998),modeling". In: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 120 (
A Unit Commitment Model with Demand Response for the Integration of Renewable Energies
The output of renewable energy fluctuates significantly depending on weather conditions. We develop a unit commitment model to analyze requirements of the forecast output and its error for renewable energies. Our model obtains the time series for the operational state of thermal power plants that would maximize the profits of an electric power utility by taking into account both the forecast of output its error for renewable energies and the demand response of consumers. We consider a power system consisting of thermal power plants, photovoltaic systems (PV), and wind farms and analyze the effect of the forecast error on the operation cost and reserves. We confirm that the operation cost was increases with the forecast error. The effect of a sudden decrease in wind power is also analyzed. More thermal power plants need to be operated to generate power to absorb this sudden decrease in wind power. The increase in the number of operating thermal power plants within a short period does not affect the total opera...
Ikeda, Yuichi; Kataoka, Kazuto; Ogimoto, Kazuhiko
Modeling and Analysis of the Ranchero Coaxial Explosive Pulse Power Generator System
A key element in the design of a coaxial generator system is the simplicity of the geometry. The clean cylindrical geometry allows us a reasonable chance at modeling RANCHERO performance using our 1D and 2D MHD modeling codes. The results of numerical simulations have been compare to several tests of the RANCHERO system in a variety of configurations. Recent comparisons of 1D calculations with the REOT-2 data have been extremely good and suggest that the generator is behaving in a very 1D like nature until reaching 90-95% of peak current. Differences between calculated current and measured performance during the last 3 mm (out of 70 mm) of flux compression may be a consequence of either the EOS for SF{sub 6}, 2D effects, or both. This study will examine the existing models and attempt to provide a robust integrated model which can then be used to drive design studies, pre- and post-shot analysis, and predict performance parameters for slight variations of the base design of RANCHE RO.
Atchison, W.L.; Goforth, J.H.; Lindemuth, I.R.; Reinovsky, R.E.
NARAC Modeling During the Response to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Emergency
This paper summarizes the activities of the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) during the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant crisis. NARAC provided a wide range of products and analyses as part of its support including: (1) Daily Japanese weather forecasts and hypothetical release (generic source term) dispersion predictions to provide situational awareness and inform planning for U.S. measurement data collection and field operations; (2) Estimates of potential dose in Japan for hypothetical scenarios developed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to inform federal government considerations of possible actions that might be needed to protect U.S. citizens in Japan; (3) Estimates of possible plume arrival times and dose for U.S. locations; and (4) Plume model refinement and source estimation based on meteorological analyses and available field data. The Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) deployed personnel to Japan and stood up 'home team' assets across the DOE complex to aid in assessing the consequences of the releases from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant. The DOE Nuclear Incident Team (NIT) coordinated response activities, while DOE personnel provided predictive modeling, air and ground monitoring, sample collection, laboratory analysis, and data assessment and interpretation. DOE deployed the Aerial Measuring System (AMS), Radiological Assistance Program (RAP) personnel, and the Consequence Management Response Team (CMRT) to Japan. DOE/NNSA home team assets included the Consequence Management Home Team (CMHT); National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC); Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS); and Radiological Triage. NARAC was activated by the DOE/NNSA on March 11, shortly after the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami occurred. The center remained on active operations through late May when DOE ended its deployment to Japan. Over 32 NARAC staff members, supplemented by other LLNL scientists, invested over 5000 person-hours of time and generated over 300 analyses and predictions.
Sugiyama, G; Nasstrom, J S; Probanz, B; Foster, K T; Simpson, M; Vogt, P; Aluzzi, F; Dillon, M; Homann, S
other than distributed generation. The cost reductionsWind Solar Thermal Photovoltaic Distributed Generation-Base Distributed Generation-Peak D Vintage PLANT TYPE C
A Note on the Estimation of the Multinomial Logistic Model with Correlated Responses
We show how multinomial logistic models with correlated responses can be estimated within SAS software. To achieve this, random effects and marginal models are introduced and the respective SAS code is given. An example data set on physicians ' recommendations and preferences in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation is used for illustration. The main motivation for this work are two recent papers that recommend estimating multinomial logistic models with correlated responses by using a Poisson likelihood which is statistically correct but computationally inefficient.
Oliver Kuss; Dale Mclerran
Bulalo field, Philippines: Reservoir modeling for prediction of limits to sustainable generation
The Bulalo geothermal field, located in Laguna province, Philippines, supplies 12% of the electricity on the island of Luzon. The first 110 MWe power plant was on line May 1979; current 330 MWe (gross) installed capacity was reached in 1984. Since then, the field has operated at an average plant factor of 76%. The National Power Corporation plans to add 40 MWe base load and 40 MWe standby in 1995. A numerical simulation model for the Bulalo field has been created that matches historic pressure changes, enthalpy and steam flash trends and cumulative steam production. Gravity modeling provided independent verification of mass balances and time rate of change of liquid desaturation in the rock matrix. Gravity modeling, in conjunction with reservoir simulation provides a means of predicting matrix dry out and the time to limiting conditions for sustainable levelized steam deliverability and power generation.
Strobel, Calvin J.
Preliminary assessment of PWR Steam Generator modelling in RELAP5/MOD3. International Agreeement Report
A preliminary assessment of Steam Generator (SG) modelling in the PWR thermal-hydraulic code RELAP5/MOD3 is presented. The study is based on calculations against a series of steady-state commissioning tests carried out on the Wolf Creek PWR over a range of load conditions. Data from the tests are used to assess the modelling of primary to secondary side heat transfer and, in particular, to examine the effect of reverting to the standard form of the Chen heat transfer correlation in place of the modified form applied in RELAP5/MOD2. Comparisons between the two versions of the code are also used to show how the new interphase drag model in RELAP5/MOD3 affects the calculation of SG liquid inventory and the void fraction profile in the riser.
Preece, R.J.; Putney, J.M. [National Power, Leatherhead (United Kingdom). Technology and Environment Centre
Reduced-Order Modeling of Aggregated Thermostatic Loads With Demand Response
Demand Response is playing an increasingly important role in smart grid control strategies. Modeling the behavior of populations of appliances under demand response is especially important to evaluate the effectiveness of these demand response programs. In this paper, an aggregated model is proposed for a class of Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs). The model efficiently includes statistical information of the population, systematically deals with heterogeneity, and accounts for a second-order effect necessary to accurately capture the transient dynamics in the collective response. However, an accurate characterization of the collective dynamics however requires the aggregate model to have a high state space dimension. Most of the existing model reduction techniques require the stability of the underlying system which does not hold for the proposed aggregated model. In this work, a novel model reduction approach is developed for the proposed aggregated model, which can significantly reduce its complexity with small performance loss. The original and the reducedorder aggregated models are validated against simulations of thousands of detailed building models using GridLAB-D, which is a realistic open source distribution simulation software. Index Terms – demand response, aggregated model, ancillary
Zhang, Wei; Lian, Jianming; Chang, Chin-Yao; Kalsi, Karanjit; Sun, Yannan
Modelling the Somantic Electrical Response of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
A modeling study of hippocampal pyramidal neurons is described. This study is based on simulations using HIPPO, a program which simulates the somatic electrical activity of these cells. HIPPO is based on a) descriptions ...
Borg-Graham, Lyle J.
Evaluation of an emergency response model for the Rocky Flats Plant: Charter
This Charter provides a basis for a cooperative, interagency effort to evaluate the Terrain-Responsive Atmospheric Code for emergency response and emergency planning for the Rocky Flats Plant. This document establishes the foundation for the project entitled, Evaluation of an Emergency Response Model for the Rocky Flats Plant'' (to be referred to as the Project). This document meets the following objectives: Identify the Project; establish the project management structure, organizational responsibilities, and organizational commitments for reaching the goals of the Project, and identify a process for model revision and revelation for acceptance. 2 figs.
Integrated process modeling for the laser inertial fusion Energy (LIFE) generation system
A concept for a new fusion-fission hybrid technology is being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The primary application of this technology is base-load electrical power generation. However, variants of the baseline technology can be used to 'burn' spent nuclear fuel from light water reactors or to perform selective transmutation of problematic fission products. The use of a fusion driver allows very high burn-up of the fission fuel, limited only by the radiation resistance of the fuel form and system structures. As a part of this process, integrated process models have been developed to aid in concept definition. Several models have been developed. A cost scaling model allows quick assessment of design changes or technology improvements on cost of electricity. System design models are being used to better understand system interactions and to do design trade-off and optimization studies. Here we describe the different systems models and present systems analysis results. Different market entry strategies are discussed along with potential benefits to US energy security and nuclear waste disposal. Advanced technology options are evaluated and potential benefits from additional R&D targeted at the different options is quantified.
Meier, W R; Anklam, T M; Erlandson, A C; Miles, R R; Simon, A J; Sawicki, R; Storm, E
Transient response of the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part 3: Analysis of global-mean response using simple models
The roles of surface, atmospheric, and oceanic feedbacks in controlling the global-mean transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (AOGCM) to increasing carbon dioxide are investigated. The analysis employs a four-box energy balance model (EBM) and an oceanic box-diffusion model (BDM) both tuned to the simulated general circulation model response. The land-sea contrast in the surface warming is explained almost entirely by the shortwave radiative feedbacks associated with changes in cloud and surface albedo. The oceanic thermal inertia delays the response; however, the initial delay is enhanced by increases in Anarctic sea-ice cover, which substantially reduce the effective climate sensitivity of the model in the first half of the 75-year experiment. When driven by the observed anthropogenic greenhouse forcing from the pre-industrial period to present day, the energy balance model overestimates the warming observed over land. However, inclusion of the direct forcing due to anthropogenic tropospheric sulphate aerosol eliminates the land/sea contrast in the response at 1990, leaving the simulated warming over land slightly below the observed value, although the rapid warming observed during the 1980s is well reproduced. The vertical penetration of the oceanic response is small below 1000 m. Within the top 1000 m the effective diffusivities are substantially enhanced by reduced convection and thermohaline overturning, driven by increased precipitation minus evaporation at high latitudes. These changes in ocean heat transport become significant after year 30, whereupon the effective oceanic heat capacity increases substantially, although this increase is partially offset by the effect of changes in the sea-ice margin.
Murphy, J.M. [Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire (United Kingdom)
Power System Modeling of 20% Wind-Generated Electricity by 2030: Preprint
Power System Modeling of 20% Power System Modeling of 20% Wind-Generated Electricity by 2030 Preprint M. Hand and N. Blair National Renewable Energy Laboratory M. Bolinger and R. Wiser Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory R. O'Connell Black & Veatch T. Hern and B. Miller Western Resources Advocates To be presented at the Power Engineering Society 2008 General Meeting Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania July 20-24, 2008 Conference Paper NREL/CP-500-42794 June 2008 NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute â—Ź Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of
Assessment of PWR Steam Generator modelling in RELAP5/MOD2. International Agreement Report
An assessment of Steam Generator (SG) modelling in the PWR thermal-hydraulic code RELAP5/MOD2 is presented. The assessment is based on a review of code assessment calculations performed in the UK and elsewhere, detailed calculations against a series of commissioning tests carried out on the Wolf Creek PWR and analytical investigations of the phenomena involved in normal and abnormal SG operation. A number of modelling deficiencies are identified and their implications for PWR safety analysis are discussed -- including methods for compensating for the deficiencies through changes to the input deck. Consideration is also given as to whether the deficiencies will still be present in the successor code RELAP5/MOD3.
Putney, J.M.; Preece, R.J. [National Power, Leatherhead (GB). Technology and Environment Centre
Modeling natural gas prices as a random walk: The advantages for generation planning
Random walk modeling allows decision makers to evaluate risk mitigation strategies. Easily constructed, the random walk provides probability information that long-term fuel forecasts do not. This is vital to meeting the ratepayers` need for low-cost power, the shareholders` financial objectives, and the regulators` desire for straightforward information. Power generation planning depends heavily on long-term fuel price forecasts. This is particularly true for natural gas-fired plants, because fuel expenses are a significant portion of busbar costs and are subject to considerable uncertainty. Accurate forecasts, then, are critical - especially if electric utilities are to take advantage of the current low cost of natural gas technologies and their relatively clean burning characteristics, without becoming overdependent on a fuel that might significantly increase in price. Moreover, the transition to a more competitive generation market requires a more market-driven planning process. Current planning techniques use several long-term fuel forecasts - one serving as an expected case and others for sensitivity analysis - as inputs for modeling production costs. These forecasts are deterministic: For every time interval there is one, and only one projected fuel price - a serious limitation. Further, past natural gas price predictions have been erroneous and may be susceptible to bias. Today, deregulation of the natural gas production industry allows for a new approach in long-term fuel forecasting. Using NYMEX information, a random walk model of natural gas prices can be constructed. A random walk assumes that prices move randomly, and in modeling prices in this context one would be sure to include this all-important price volatility.
Felder, F.A.
Modeling Greenhouse Gas Energy Technology Responses to Climate Change
Models of the global energy system can help shed light on the competition and complementarities among technologies and energy systems both in the presence and absence of actions to affect the concentration of greenhouse gases. This paper explores the role of modeling in the analysis of technology deployment in addressing climate change. It examines the competition among technologies in a variety of markets, and explores conditions under which new markets, such as for hydrogen and carbon disposal, or modern commercial biomass, could emerge. Carbon capture and disposal technologies are shown have the potential to play a central role in controlling the cost of stabilizing the concentration of greenhouse gases, the goal of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Edmonds, James A.; Clarke, John F.; Dooley, James J.; Kim, Son H.; Smith, Steven J.
Determining Generative Models of Objects Under Varying Illumination: Shape and Albedo from Multiple Images Using SVDand Integrability
We describe a method of learning generative models of objects from a set of images of the object under different, and unknown, illumination. Such a model allows us to approximate the objects' appearance under a range of lighting conditions. ... Keywords: Singular Value Decomposition, illumination models, photometric stereo
A. L. Yuille; D. Snow; R. Epstein; P. N. Belhumeur
Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of an Ocean Model Response to Hurricane Ivan
An ocean model response to Hurricane Ivan (2004) over the northwest Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is evaluated to guide strategies for improving performance during strong forcing events in a region with energetic ocean features with the ...
G. R. Halliwell Jr.; L. K. Shay; J. K. Brewster; W. J. Teague
Smart finite state devices: A modeling framework for demand response technologies
We introduce and analyze Markov Decision Process (MDP) machines to model individual devices which are expected to participate in future demand-response markets on distribution grids. We differentiate devices into the ...
Turitsyn, Konstantin
Cloud Simulations in Response to Turbulence Parameterizations in the GISS Model E GCM
The response of cloud simulations to turbulence parameterizations is studied systematically using the GISS general circulation model (GCM) E2 employed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Without ...
Mao-Sung Yao; Ye Cheng
The Modeled Response of the Mean Winter Circulation to Zonally Averaged SST Trends
The response of the atmospheric winter circulation in both hemispheres to changes in the meridional gradient of sea surface temperature (SST) is examined in an atmospheric general circulation model. Climatological SSTs are employed for the ...
Gudrun Magnusdottir
Transient Response of a Global Ocean-Atmosphere Model to a Doubling of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
The transient response of climate to an instantaneous increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has been investigated by a general circulation model of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system with global geography and annual ...
Syukuro Manabe; Kirk Bryan; Michael J. Spelman
Climate–Carbon Cycle Model Response to Freshwater Discharge into the North Atlantic
The response of a coupled climate–carbon cycle model to discharge of freshwater into the North Atlantic is investigated with regard to cold reversals caused by meltwater from northern continental ice sheets such as the Younger Dryas during the ...
Atsushi Obata
Southern Ocean Response to Strengthening Winds in an Eddy-Permitting Global Climate Model
A global climate model with horizontal resolutions in the ocean ranging from relatively coarse to eddy permitting is used to investigate the resolution dependence of the Southern Ocean response to poleward intensifying winds through the past and ...
Paul Spence; John C. Fyfe; Alvaro Montenegro; Andrew J. Weaver
Model-Based Control: Development of a software tool for responsive...
Model-Based Control: Development of a software tool for responsive building research, design and operation Speaker(s): Brian Coffey Date: June 28, 2006 - 12:00pm Location: 90-4133...
Short-Term Oceanic Response Predicted by a Mixed Layer Model Forced with a Sector Atmospheric Model
A one-dimensional version of the Garwood bulk, oceanic mixed layer model is used to simulate the short- term response in a 60° sector. The atmospheric forcing is derived from a version of the UCLA general circulation model used by Sandgathe to ...
Russell L. Elsberry; Scott A. Sandgathe; Frank J. Winninghoff
Copula Based Stochastic Weather Generator as an Application for Crop Growth Models and Crop Insurance
Stochastic Weather Generators (SWG) try to reproduce the stochastic patterns of climatological variables characterized by high dimensionality, non-normal probability density functions and non-linear dependence relationships. However, conventional SWGs usually typify weather variables with unjustified probability distributions assuming linear dependence between variables. This research proposes an alternative SWG that introduces the advantages of the Copula modeling into the reproduction of stochastic weather patterns. The Copula based SWG introduces more flexibility allowing researcher to model non-linear dependence structures independently of the marginals involved, also it is able to model tail dependence, which results in a more accurate reproduction of extreme weather events. Statistical tests on weather series simulated by the Copula based SWG show its capacity to replicate the statistical properties of the observed weather variables, along with a good performance in the reproduction of the extreme weather events. In terms of its use in crop growth models for the ratemaking process of new insurance schemes with no available historical yield data, the Copula based SWG allows one to more accurately evaluate the risk. The use of the Copula based SWG for the simulation of yields results in higher crop insurance premiums from more frequent extreme weather events, while the use of the conventional SWG for the yield estimation could lead to an underestimation of risks.
Juarez Torres, Miriam 77-
Essential elements of modeling gas generation from well defined plutonium materials
Processing of excess plutonium oxide (and related) materials intended for long-term storage is addressed in DOE standard 3013-2000. The essential elements addressed by this standard are eliminating or reducing to an acceptable level the entities that lead to gas evolution and consequent pressurization of the intended storage container system. Based upon the need to adequately understand and quantify these relevant parameters we briefly describe the current scientific knowledge of gas evolution from such systems. These associated research efforts have included fundamental kinetic and thermodynamic studies of water interactions at actinide oxide surfaces, radiolytic reactions of adsorbed water, interfacial reactions of hydrogen and oxygen, and radiolytic helium production. Utilizing, where possible, experimental parameters for many of the aforementioned processes we have developed a mathematical model with a minimum number of essential components that successfully models gas generation from well-defined PuO{sub 2} materials with known amounts of deliberately added water. In this work we verify this model against real pressure versus time data (described at greater length in another manuscript in these conference proceedings) and subsequently assure the safety envelope of design criteria for both short- and long-term storage and transportation of these material classes. These modeling results predict pressures and gas phase mole fractions over well-defined DOE 3013 container test cases well in advance of actual long-term surveillance information and provide confidence in safe storage of plutonium oxide material classes.
Paffett, M. T. (Mark T.); Kelly, D. (Daniel)
Abstract--An optimization model that incorporates demand in the paradigm of smart grids and distributed generation is
, Maximum expected demand in the optimization period Cost associated to energy generated by demand from1 Abstract--An optimization model that incorporates demand in the paradigm of smart grids and distributed generation is formulated. The objective is to transform the demand into an active agent that helps
Catholic University of Chile (Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile)
Model of variable speed constant frequency double fed wind power generation system and analysis of its operating performance
Structure of variable speed constant frequency double fed wind power generation system (WPGS) was analyzed, and its model was established. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, constant power control and vector control for WPGS were discussed. ... Keywords: operating performance, variable speed constant frequency, vector control, wind power generation system
Pan Tinglong; Ji Zhicheng
Assessing a Cloud Optical Depth Retrieval Algorithm with Model-Generated Data and the Frozen Turbulence Assumption
A cloud optical depth retrieval algorithm that utilizes time series of solar irradiance and zenith downwelling radiance data collected at a fixed surface site is assessed using model-generated cloud fields and simulated radiation measurements. To ...
H. W. Barker; C. F. Pavloski; M. Ovtchinnikov; E. E. Clothiaux
The Albedo Field and Cloud Radiative Forcing Produced by a General Circulation Model with Internally Generated Cloud Optics
A spectral general circulation model (GCM) is run for perpetual January with fixed sea surface temperature conditions. It has internally generated, variable cloud optical properties as well as variable cloud arm and heights. The cloud optics are ...
Thomas P. Charlock; V. Ramanathan
Method of computer generation and projection recording of microholograms for holographic memory systems: mathematical modelling and experimental implementation
A method of computer generation and projection recording of microholograms for holographic memory systems is presented; the results of mathematical modelling and experimental implementation of the method are demonstrated. (holographic memory)
Betin, A Yu; Bobrinev, V I; Evtikhiev, N N; Zherdev, A Yu; Zlokazov, E Yu; Lushnikov, D S; Markin, V V; Odinokov, S B; Starikov, S N; Starikov, R S
Measurement and evaluation of high-rise building response to ground motion generated by underground nuclear explosions
As part of the structural response research program being conducted for ERDA, the response behavior of high-rise buildings in Las Vegas, Nevada, due to ground motion caused by underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) has been measured for the past 12 years. Results obtained include variation in dynamic response properties as a function of amplitude of motion, influence of nonstructural partitions in the building response, and comparison of calculated and measured response. These data for three reinforced concrete high- rise buildings, all designed as moment-resisting space frames are presented. (auth)
Honda, K.K.
On the Mechanical Response of Chopped Glass/Urethane Resin Composite: Data and Model
This report presents data on the creep response of a polymeric composite that is a candidate material for automotive applications. The above data were used to establish the basis for the mechanical characterization of the material's response over a wide range of stresses and temperatures, as well as under cyclic loading and due to exposure to distilled water. A constitutive model based upon fundamental principles of irreversible thermodynamics and continuum mechanics was employed to encompass the above mentioned database and to predict the response under more complex inputs. These latter tests verified the validity of the model.
Elahi, M.; Weitsman, Y.J.
Integration of Variable Renewable Generation The report isISO (CAISO). 2007. Integration of Renewable Resources.recommendations for integrating renewable resources on the
Dynamic average-value modeling of doubly-fed induction generator wind energy conversion systems.
??In a Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind energy conversion system, the rotor of a wound rotor induction generator is connected to the grid via a… (more)
Shahab, Azin
Steam Generator Management Program: Generic Elements of U-Bend Tube Vibration Induced Fatigue Analysis for Westinghouse Model F Steam Generators
U-bend tube ruptures due to metal fatigue have been experienced by several utilities worldwide. The first fatigue-related tube rupture occurred at North Anna Unit 1 in 1987. The knowledge gained from this event provides the basis for estimating the potential for a fatigue failure in other plants. This report provides the generic information for a Westinghouse Model F steam generator, and defines the information required to complete a plant-specific u-bend analysis to determine susceptibility to ...
Final report for %22High performance computing for advanced national electric power grid modeling and integration of solar generation resources%22, LDRD Project No. 149016.
Design and operation of the electric power grid (EPG) relies heavily on computational models. High-fidelity, full-order models are used to study transient phenomena on only a small part of the network. Reduced-order dynamic and power flow models are used when analysis involving thousands of nodes are required due to the computational demands when simulating large numbers of nodes. The level of complexity of the future EPG will dramatically increase due to large-scale deployment of variable renewable generation, active load and distributed generation resources, adaptive protection and control systems, and price-responsive demand. High-fidelity modeling of this future grid will require significant advances in coupled, multi-scale tools and their use on high performance computing (HPC) platforms. This LDRD report demonstrates SNL's capability to apply HPC resources to these 3 tasks: (1) High-fidelity, large-scale modeling of power system dynamics; (2) Statistical assessment of grid security via Monte-Carlo simulations of cyber attacks; and (3) Development of models to predict variability of solar resources at locations where little or no ground-based measurements are available.
Reno, Matthew J.; Riehm, Andrew Charles; Hoekstra, Robert John; Munoz-Ramirez, Karina; Stamp, Jason Edwin; Phillips, Laurence R.; Adams, Brian M.; Russo, Thomas V.; Oldfield, Ron A.; McLendon, William Clarence, III; Nelson, Jeffrey Scott; Hansen, Clifford W.; Richardson, Bryan T.; Stein, Joshua S.; Schoenwald, David Alan; Wolfenbarger, Paul R.
Program Plan for Renewable Energy generation of electricity. Response to Section 2111 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992
A 5-Year Program Plan for providing cost-effective options for generating electricity from renewable energy sources is presented by the US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The document covers the Utility-Sector situation, scope of the program, specific generating technologies, and implementation of the program plan.
Response of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation to Increased Atmospheric CO2 in a Coupled Model
Changes in the thermohaline circulation (THC) due to increased CO2 are important in future climate regimes. Using a coupled climate model, the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), regional responses of the THC in the North Atlantic to increased CO2 and ...
Aixue Hu; Gerald A. Meehl; Warren M. Washington; Aiguo Dai
Model predictive control system and method for integrated gasification combined cycle power generation
Control system and method for controlling an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant are provided. The system may include a controller coupled to a dynamic model of the plant to process a prediction of plant performance and determine a control strategy for the IGCC plant over a time horizon subject to plant constraints. The control strategy may include control functionality to meet a tracking objective and control functionality to meet an optimization objective. The control strategy may be configured to prioritize the tracking objective over the optimization objective based on a coordinate transformation, such as an orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal projection. A plurality of plant control knobs may be set in accordance with the control strategy to generate a sequence of coordinated multivariable control inputs to meet the tracking objective and the optimization objective subject to the prioritization resulting from the coordinate transformation.
Kumar, Aditya; Shi, Ruijie; Kumar, Rajeeva; Dokucu, Mustafa
Dynamical mass generation by source inversion: Calculating the mass gap of the Gross-Neveu model
We probe the U(N) Gross-Neveu model with a source-term $J\\bar{\\Psi}\\Psi$. We find an expression for the renormalization scheme and scale invariant source $\\hat{J}$, as a function of the generated mass gap. The expansion of this function is organized in such a way that all scheme and scale dependence is reduced to one single parameter d. We get a non-perturbative mass gap as the solution of $\\hat{J}=0$. In one loop we find that any physical choice for d gives good results for high values of N. In two loops we can determine d self-consistently by the principle of minimal sensitivity and find remarkably accurate results for N>2.
K. Van Acoleyen; H. Verschelde
Application of a noninhibitory growth model to predict the transient response in a chemostat
A method of adapting a kinetic model based on steady-state chemostat data to predict the transient performance of a chemostat culture is presented. The proposal provides for a time delay which can be considered equivalent to a period of reduced activity of the organism subsequent to the introduction of a step change in operating conditions. The adapted kinetic model gives substantially better performance in predicting the transient response of an experimental system than the unmodified kinetic model.
Chiam, H.F.; Harris, I.J.
Analysis of supercritical CO{sub 2} cycle control strategies and dynamic response for Generation IV Reactors.
The analysis of specific control strategies and dynamic behavior of the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO{sub 2}) Brayton cycle has been extended to the two reactor types selected for continued development under the Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative; namely, the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) and the Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR). Direct application of the standard S-CO{sub 2} recompression cycle to the VHTR was found to be challenging because of the mismatch in the temperature drop of the He gaseous reactor coolant through the He-to-CO{sub 2} reactor heat exchanger (RHX) versus the temperature rise of the CO{sub 2} through the RHX. The reference VHTR features a large temperature drop of 450 C between the assumed core outlet and inlet temperatures of 850 and 400 C, respectively. This large temperature difference is an essential feature of the VHTR enabling a lower He flow rate reducing the required core velocities and pressure drop. In contrast, the standard recompression S-CO{sub 2} cycle wants to operate with a temperature rise through the RHX of about 150 C reflecting the temperature drop as the CO{sub 2} expands from 20 MPa to 7.4 MPa in the turbine and the fact that the cycle is highly recuperated such that the CO{sub 2} entering the RHX is effectively preheated. Because of this mismatch, direct application of the standard recompression cycle results in a relatively poor cycle efficiency of 44.9%. However, two approaches have been identified by which the S-CO{sub 2} cycle can be successfully adapted to the VHTR and the benefits of the S-CO{sub 2} cycle, especially a significant gain in cycle efficiency, can be realized. The first approach involves the use of three separate cascaded S-CO{sub 2} cycles. Each S-CO{sub 2} cycle is coupled to the VHTR through its own He-to-CO{sub 2} RHX in which the He temperature is reduced by 150 C. The three respective cycles have efficiencies of 54, 50, and 44%, respectively, resulting in a net cycle efficiency of 49.3 %. The other approach involves reducing the minimum cycle pressure significantly below the critical pressure such that the temperature drop in the turbine is increased while the minimum cycle temperature is maintained above the critical temperature to prevent the formation of a liquid phase. The latter approach also involves the addition of a precooler and a third compressor before the main compressor to retain the benefits of compression near the critical point with the main compressor. For a minimum cycle pressure of 1 MPa, a cycle efficiency of 49.5% is achieved. Either approach opens up the door to applying the SCO{sub 2} cycle to the VHTR. In contrast, the SFR system typically has a core outlet-inlet temperature difference of about 150 C such that the standard recompression cycle is ideally suited for direct application to the SFR. The ANL Plant Dynamics Code has been modified for application to the VHTR and SFR when the reactor side dynamic behavior is calculated with another system level computer code such as SAS4A/SYSSYS-1 in the SFR case. The key modification involves modeling heat exchange in the RHX, accepting time dependent tabular input from the reactor code, and generating time dependent tabular input to the reactor code such that both the reactor and S-CO{sub 2} cycle sides can be calculated in a convergent iterative scheme. This approach retains the modeling benefits provided by the detailed reactor system level code and can be applied to any reactor system type incorporating a S-CO{sub 2} cycle. This approach was applied to the particular calculation of a scram scenario for a SFR in which the main and intermediate sodium pumps are not tripped and the generator is not disconnected from the electrical grid in order to enhance heat removal from the reactor system thereby enhancing the cooldown rate of the Na-to-CO{sub 2} RHX. The reactor side is calculated with SAS4A/SASSYS-1 while the S-CO{sub 2} cycle is calculated with the Plant Dynamics Code with a number of iterations over a timescale of 500 seconds. It is found that the RHX u
Moisseytsev, A.; Sienicki, J. J. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
Learning generative visual models from few training examples: An incremental Bayesian approach tested on 101 object categories
Current computational approaches to learning visual object categories require thousands of training images, are slow, cannot learn in an incremental manner and cannot incorporate prior information into the learning process. In addition, no algorithm ... Keywords: Bayesian model, Categorization, Generative model, Incremental learning, Object recognition
Li Fei-Fei; Rob Fergus; Pietro Perona
Model tracking system for low-level radioactive waste disposal facilities: License application interrogatories and responses
This report describes a model tracking system for a low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal facility license application. In particular, the model tracks interrogatories (questions, requests for information, comments) and responses. A set of requirements and desired features for the model tracking system was developed, including required structure and computer screens. Nine tracking systems were then reviewed against the model system requirements and only two were found to meet all requirements. Using Kepner-Tregoe decision analysis, a model tracking system was selected.
Benbennick, M.E.; Broton, M.S.; Fuoto, J.S.; Novgrod, R.L.
Model-Based Control: Development of a software tool for responsive building
Model-Based Control: Development of a software tool for responsive building Model-Based Control: Development of a software tool for responsive building research, design and operation Speaker(s): Brian Coffey Date: June 28, 2006 - 12:00pm Location: 90-4133 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Peng Xu Model-based control approaches the problem of optimal supervisory control for complex building systems by using discrete timesteps and searching for an optimal control configuration at each timestep, using a detailed building model and an optimization algorithm. Although the approach itself is not new (it was proposed at least as early as 1988), it is only during the past five to ten years that readily-available computation power has allowed researchers to consider this approach with complex system models. Recent research has developed and tested this approach for active solar
145 of Order 693- A. FERC Docket No. RM06-16-. November, 13.NERC). 2008. Response to FERC Supplemental Request forUnderfrequency Load Shedding. FERC Docket No. RM06-16-000.
Socially responsible modeling: a stakeholder approach to the implementation of ethical modeling in operations research
A common dilemma for modelers in operations research (OR) involves how to construct ethically sensitive models. Concern for ethical modeling has recently become more widespread in the OR literature. Arguably, however, this concern has not manifested ... Keywords: Decision making, Ethics, Management science, Operations research, Social performance, Stakeholders
Matthew J. Drake; Virginia W. Gerde; David M. Wasieleski
Tropical Oceanic Response to Extratropical Thermal Forcing in a Coupled Climate Model: A Comparison between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
The tropical oceanic response to the extratropical thermal forcing is quantitatively estimated in a coupled climate model. This work focuses on comparison of the responses between the tropical Atlantic and Pacific. Under the same extratropical ...
Haijun Yang; Lu Wang
Response of the Eastern Tropical Pacific to Meridional Migration of the ITCZ: The Generation of the Costa Rica Dome
A regional ocean circulation model with fine horizontal resolution has been developed in order to obtain a coherent seasonal picture of the eastern tropical Pacific off Central America.
S. Umatani; T. Yamagata
Modeling of electromagnetic power output in a vibration-induced micro-generator with a silicon-based helical micro-spring
This paper develops an electromagnetic power output model in a vibration-induced micro-generator with a silicon helical micro-spring to predict the electricity output. The generator consists of a movable ferro-platinum permanent magnet membrane on the ... Keywords: Analytical model, Electromagnetic, Helical micro-spring, Micro-generator, Vibration-induced
W. L. Lu; Y. M. Hwang
A Simple Model of the Decadal Response of the Ocean to Stochastic Wind Forcing
A simple linear model is used to estimate the decadal response of the extratropical ocean to wind stress forcing, assuming a flat bottom, a mean state at rest, and no dissipation. The barotropic fields are governed by a time-dependent Sverdrup ...
Claude Frankignoul; Peter Müller; Eduardo Zorita
A Historical Perspective and Business Model for Load Response Aggregation Based on Priority Service
A Historical Perspective and Business Model for Load Response Aggregation Based on Priority Service] limits consumption during peak demand periods and is set by the customer according to a rate agreements of a colored light indicator which tariff is active. In its June 17, 1985 issue Electric Utility Week published
Oren, Shmuel S.
A support vector regression based prediction model of affective responses for product form design
In this paper, a state-of-the-art machine learning approach known as support vector regression (SVR) is introduced to develop a model that predicts consumers' affective responses (CARs) for product form design. First, pairwise adjectives were used to ... Keywords: Genetic algorithm, Kansei engineering, Neural network, Product form design, Support vector regression
Chih-Chieh Yang; Meng-Dar Shieh
Modeling impacts of geomagnetic field variations on middle atmospheric ozone responses to solar proton
Modeling impacts of geomagnetic field variations on middle atmospheric ozone responses to solar charged particles of solar and cosmic origin. Therefore variations of the geomagnetic field occurring to the atmosphere under the consideration of different shielding properties of the geomagnetic field. The present
Wehrli, Bernhard
Modeling of Doubly Fed Induction Generators for Distribution System Power Flow Analysis.
??Large-scale integration of Wind Generators (WGs) with distribution systems is underway right across the globe in a drive to harness green energy. The Doubly Fed… (more)
Dadhania, Amitkumar
Slack bus modeling for distributed generation and its impacts on distribution system analysis, operation and planning.
??Distribution system operating environments are changing rapidly. Proper distributed generation placement and operating will bring benefits for supporting voltage, reducing system loss, enhancing system reliability,… (more)
Tong, Shiqiong
New Models and Analytical Frameworks for Power Systems with Wind Generation.
??Wind energy is a proven energy source that does not contribute to emission of greenhouse gases, air and water pollution, or generate large quantities of… (more)
Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan Mohamed Sadek
Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply. National Renewable20% of the nation's electricity from wind technology byTERMS wind-generated electricity; wind energy; 20% wind
AEO 2007 high fuel price forecast Coal prices follow AEOcoal- and natural gas-based electricity generation analyzed here include decreased natural gas prices,
Response of the Western Tropical Pacific to the Asian Winter Monsoon: The Generation of the Mindanao Dome
We have investigated the evolution of the Mindanao Dome off the Philippine coast using the GFDL ocean model. It is found that the model's Mindanao Dome evolves in late fall due to local upwelling when a positive curl associated with the northeast ...
Y. Masumoto; T. Yamagata
The Atmospheric Response to a Thermohaline Circulation Collapse: Scaling Relations for the Hadley Circulation and the Response in a Coupled Climate Model
The response of the tropical atmosphere to a collapse of the thermohaline circulation (THC) is investigated by comparing two 5-member ensemble runs with a coupled climate model (CCM), the difference being that in one ensemble a hosing experiment ...
Sybren S. Drijfhout
Modeling and Control of the PMSG Wind Generation System with a Novel Controller
This paper is based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy for Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind turbine. The parts of generator is setted in d-p synchronous rotating reference frame. And the voltage space vector PWM(SVPWM) ... Keywords: wind power system, PMSG, SVPWM, direct driven wind turbine, variable speed
Shun Yang, Lida Zhang
Production and maintenance planning for electricity generators: modeling and application to Indian power systems
from 2,250 MW in 1961 to nearly 100,000 MW of installed capacity today. The electricity demand has also, or up to a year. The relevant decisions include fuel supply from the fuel sources to the generating, generators, and transmission network of their constituent states. The Indian power system has grown rapidly
Dragoti-Ă?ela, Eranda
Second-generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion cold flow model tests of Phase 2 carbonizer
Under US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC21-86MC21023, Foster Wheeler Development Corporation (FWDC) is developing a second-generation pressurized fulidized bed (PFB) combustion system. The second-generation system is an improvement over first-generation pressurized systems because higher gas turbine inlet temperatures, and thus greater system efficiencies can be achieved. In first-generation systems, the gas turbine operates at temperatures lower than those in the PFB combusting bed, with the latter being limited to approximately 1600{degree}F to control alkali release/gas turbine hot corrosion. The second-generation system overcomes this temperature restriction by including a carbonizer and a topping combustor in the system. The carbonizer is a PFB combustion unit that converts coal to a low-Btu fuel gas and char. The char is transferred to a PFB combustor (PFBC), where it is burned. The flue gas from the PFBC and the fuel gas from the carbonizer go to the topping combustor, where the fuel gas is burned and gas turbine inlet temperatures in excess of 2100{degree}F are generated. The PFBC can be operated with or without coal fed along with the char. Steam is generated in the PFBC, and additional coal fed to the PFBC with the char will result in more steam generation. However, excess air must be kept at a level sufficient to support combustion of the fuel gas in the topping combustor.
Shenker, J.
Development of Modeling Techniques for A Generation IV Gas Fast Reactor
Worldwide, multiple countries are investing a great deal of time and energy towards developing a new class of technologically advanced nuclear reactors. These new reactors have come to be known as the Generation IV (Gen IV) class of nuclear reactors. Similarly to the other designs, the Gas Fast Reactor (GFR) has many advantages, such as electricity production at high efficiency, hydrogen production, minor actinide burning capabilities, etc. However, there are currently no immediate plans to build a GFR due to uncertainties regarding safety issues. The study conducted herein contains input techniques for the development of new neutronic and thermal hydraulic input decks for the United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE) GFR design. The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) and MELCOR codes are used to model neutronic and thermal hydraulic characteristics, respectively. These codes are used with the intention of gaining further insight into GFR design and steady state operating characteristics of the US DOE GFR. Descriptions of inputs for all input decks, along with the results of the execution of both input decks can be found in this thesis. Although many alterations are made to original design specifications, results found in this thesis support the design modifications that have been made. Results suggest that steady-state operation of the GFR is a plausible possibility, given the right conditions. The lack of design criteria for both the reflector and borated shield regions imposes a necessity of invention upon all those who seek to clarify design criteria for the US DOE GFR. Furthermore, resulting temperature profiles for the fuel, cladding and coolant give rise to the possibility of the design of a system, based on thermionic principles, that converts core thermal energy directly to electricity. Such a system is envisioned to provide electricity to a decay heat removal system and possibly increase plant efficiency.
Dercher, Andrew Steven
Low dose and bystander responses in a 3-D human skin model
and bystander responses in a 3-D human skin model. and bystander responses in a 3-D human skin model. Sally A. Amundson and Alexandre Mezentsev Columbia University Medical Center, Center for Radiological Research, New York, NY 10032 Significant structural abnormalities develop within several days of exposure of the 3-dimensional normal human skin tissue model EPI-200 (MatTek) to high or low doses of low LET radiation. Disruption of the basal layer occurs following high radiation doses, and premature cornification is evident after both high and low dose exposures. In bystander tissue that is near irradiated portions of the tissue, but is not itself irradiated, we also observe premature cornification, increased apoptosis and micronucleus formation. Changes in global gene expression also occur
and bystander responses in a 3-D human skin model and bystander responses in a 3-D human skin model Sally A. Amundson Columbia University Medical Center Abstract Significant structural abnormalities develop within several days of exposure of the 3-dimensional normal human skin tissue model EPI-200 (MatTek) to high or low doses of low LET radiation. Disruption of the basal layer occurs following high radiation doses, and premature cornification is evident after both high and low dose exposures. In bystander tissue that is near irradiated portions of the tissue, but is not itself irradiated, we also observe premature cornification, increased apoptosis and micronucleus formation. Changes in global gene expression also occur in both directly irradiated and bystander EPI-200 tissue. Although the unfolding over time
Generation of synthetic multifractal realistic surfaces based on natural model and lognormal cascade: application to MRI classification
This paper presents a method of generating realistic synthetic multi-fractals surfaces, constructed with multiplicative cascades, that follow lognormal probability density function.The conservation of the natural image gradient direction, and the variance ... Keywords: Bayesian classification, Monte-Carlo sampling, discrete wavelet transform, iterative conditional modes (ICM), lognormal cascade, markov random fields (MRF), multifractal analysis, probabilistic model, wavelet leader
Mohamed Khider; Abdelmalik Taleb-Ahmed; Boualem Haddad
Integrated Experimental and Modeling Studies to Predict the Impact Response of Explosives and Propellants
Understanding and predicting the impact response of explosives and propellants remains a challenging area in the energetic materials field. Efforts are underway at LLNL (and other laboratories) to apply modern diagnostic tools and computational analysis to move beyond the current level of imprecise approximations towards a predictive approach more closely based on fundamental understanding of the relevant mechanisms. In this paper we will discuss a set of underlying mechanisms that govern the impact response of explosives and propellants: (a) mechanical insult (impact) leading to material damage and/or direct ignition; (b) ignition leading to flame spreading; (c) combustion being driven by flame spreading, perhaps in damaged materials; (d) combustion causing further material damage; (e) combustion leading to pressure build-up or relief; (f) pressure changes driving the rates of combustion and flame spread; (g) pressure buildup leading to structural response and damage, which causes many of the physical hazards. We will briefly discuss our approach to modeling up these mechanistic steps using ALE 3D, the LLNL hydrodynamic code with fully coupled chemistry, heat flow, mass transfer, and slow mechanical motion as well as hydrodynamic processes. We will identify the necessary material properties needed for our models, and will discuss our experimental efforts to characterize these properties and the overall mechanistic steps, in order to develop and parameterize the models in ALE 3D and to develop a qualitative understanding of impact response.
Maienschein, J L; Nichols III, A L; Reaugh, J E; McClelland, M E; Hsu, P C
The development of a fully-integrated immune response model (FIRM) simulator of the immune response through integration of multiple subset models
as differential equation models or agent-based models.Agent-based models or cellular automata models of the immunechallenges remain with agent-based models, including the
pulverized coal plants, combined cycle natural gas plants,natural gas plants, and combined cycle natural gas plants.generated largely from combined-cycle Capacity (GW) yd r as
Model Study of Waves Generated by Convection with Direct Validation via Satellite
Atmospheric gravity waves have a major effect on atmospheric circulation, structure, and stability on a global scale. Gravity waves can be generated by convection, but in many cases it is difficult to link convection directly to a specific wave ...
Alison W. Grimsdell; M. Joan Alexander; Peter T. May; Lars Hoffmann
An agent-based simulation model for the market diffusion of a second generation biofuel
Second generation biofuels are widely considered a promising energy alternative to conventional (fossil) fuels. Although they will not completely replace fossil fuels (e.g., due to the limited availability of biomass), these high-quality biofuels can ...
Elmar Kiesling; Markus Günther; Christian Stummer; Lea M. Wakolbinger
the entire upper US East Coast (USEC), in addition to Puerto Rico and many of the Caribbean islands (e USEC (north of Virginia), here, we simulate tsunami generation and transoceanic propagation to the USEC
Kirby, James T.
generation-peak, biomass, and advanced combustion turbineCombustion gas turbine, gas combined- cycle, conventional coal Biomass,Biomass plants change from Revolutionary to Evolutionary vintage, while the Advanced Combustion
Modeling Water Withdrawal and Consumption for Electricity Generation in the United States
Water withdrawals for thermoelectric cooling account for a significant portion of total water use in the United States. Any change in electrical energy generation policy and technologies has the potential to have a major ...
Strzepek, Kenneth M.
Modeling of passive microwave responses in convective situations using output from mesoscale models
, given the high sensitivity of these frequencies to the particle characteristics, especially in the ice phase. This result gives us strong confidence not only in the radiative transfer model but also column. Using a microphysical parameterization of heat and water exchanges, the sources and sinks
Pardo-CarriĂłn, Juan R.
Infinite cloud model of electrification by the precipitation mechanism in the presence of high rates of ion generation
We have extended a simple, infinite cloud, precipitation mechanism model of thundercloud electrification to include effects due to the presence of radioactive aerosol particles resulting from fresh debris from a nuclear explosion. These effects involve ion generation, currents due to motions of ions and charged aerosol particles, and collection of ions and aerosol particles by hydrometeors and cloud droplets. Our conclusion is that an ion pair generation rate G> or approx. =10/sup 12/m/sup -3/ s/sup -1/ will prevent significant electric field growth.
Spangler, J.D.; Rosenkilde, C.E.
Infinite cloud model of electrification by the precipitation mechanism in the pressence of high rates of ion generation
We have extended a simple, infinite-cloud, precipitation-mechanism model of thundercloud electrification to include effects due to the presence of radioactive aerosol particles. These effects involve ion generation, currents due to motions of ions and charged aerosol particles, and collection of ions and aerosol particles by hydrometeors and cloud droplets. Our conclusion is that an ion-pair generation rate G equal to or greater than 10/sup 12/m/sup -3/s/sup -1/ will prevent significant electric-field growth.
Modeling, Estimation, and Control in Energy Systems: Batteries & Demand Response
Modeling, Modeling, Estimation, and Control in Energy Systems: Batteries & Demand Response Scott Moura Assistant Professor Civl & Environmental Engineering University of California, Berkeley EETD | LBNL Scott Moura | UC Berkeley Control, Batts, DR December 4, 2013 | Slide 1 Source: Vaclav Smil Estimates from Energy Transitions Scott Moura | UC Berkeley Control, Batts, DR December 4, 2013 | Slide 2 Energy Initiatives Denmark 50% wind penetration by 2025 Brazil uses 86% renewables China's aggressive energy/carbon intensity reduction EV Everywhere SunShot Green Button Zero emissions vehicle (ZEV) 33% renewables by 2020 Go Solar California Scott Moura | UC Berkeley Control, Batts, DR December 4, 2013 | Slide 3 Energy Systems of Interest Energy storage Smart Grids (e.g., batteries) (e.g., demand response) Scott Moura | UC Berkeley Control, Batts, DR December 4, 2013 | Slide 4 Energy
Sluggish Responses of Prices and Inflation to Monetary Shocks in an Inventory Model of Money Demand
We examine the responses of prices and inflation to monetary shocks in an inventory-theoretic model of money demand. We show that the price level responds sluggishly to an exogenous increase in the money stock because the dynamics of households ' money inventories leads to a partially offsetting endogenous reduction in velocity. We also show that inflation responds sluggishly to an exogenous increase in the nominal interest rate because changes in monetary policy affect the real interest rate. In a quantitative example, we show that this nominal sluggishness is substantial and persistent if inventories in the model are calibrated to match U.S. households ' holdings of M2. I.
Fernando Alvarez; Andrew Atkeson; Chris Edmond
Equilibrium Response and Transient Dynamics Datasets from VEMAP, the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Users of the VEMAP Portal can access input files of numerical data that include monthly and daily files of geographic data, soil and site files, scenario files, etc. Model results from Phase I, the Equilibrium Response datasets, are available through the NCAR anonymous FTP site at http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/vemap/vresults.html. Phase II, Transient Dynamics, include climate datasets, models results, and analysis tools. Many supplemental files are also available from the main data page at http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/vemap/datasets.html.
TWP-ICE Global Atmospheric Model Intercomparison: Convection Responsiveness and Resolution Impact
Results are presented from an intercomparison of global atmospheric model (GAM) simulations of tropical convection during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). The distinct cloud properties, precipitation, radiation, and vertical diabatic heating profiles associated with three different monsoon regimes (wet, dry, and break) from available observations are used to evaluate 9 GAM forecasts initialized daily from realistic global analyses. All models well captured the evolution of large-scale circulation and the thermodynamic fields, but cloud properties differed substantially among models. For example, liquid water path and ice water path differed by up to two orders of magnitude. Compared with the relatively well simulated top-heavy heating structures during the wet and break period, most models had difficulty in depicting the bottom-heavy heating profiles associated with cumulus congestus. The best performing models during this period were the ones whose convection scheme was most responsive to the free tropospheric humidity. Compared with the large impact of cloud and convective parameterizations on model cloud and precipitation characteristics, resolution has relatively minor impact on simulated cloud properties. However, one feature that was influence by the resolution study in several models was the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Peaking at a different time from convective precipitation, large-scale precipitation generally increases in high resolution forecasts and modulates the total precipitation diurnal cycle. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of more environmental responsive convective parameterizations to capture various types of convection and the substantial diversity among large-scale cloud and precipitation schemes in current GAMs. This experiment has also demonstrated itself to be a very useful testbed for those developing cloud and convection schemes in these models.
Lin, Yanluan; Donner, Leo J.; Petch, Jon C.; Bechtold, P.; Boyle, James; Klein, Stephen A.; Komori, T.; Wapler, K.; Willett, M.; Xie, X.; Zhao, M.; Xie, Shaocheng; McFarlane, Sally A.; Schumacher, Courtney
An Arnoldi Approach for Generation of Reduced Order Models for Turbomachinery
A linear reduced-order aerodynamic model is developed for aeroelastic analysis of turbo-machines. The basis vectors are constructed using a block Arnoldi method. Although the model is cast in the time domain in state-space ...
Willcox, Karen
Variational Wave Data Assimilation in a Third-Generation Wave Model
The adjoint of the wave model WAM, which runs operationally performing global wave forecast at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, has been constructed. In this model, the nonlinear interactions are described by the discrete ...
Miriam M. De Las Heras; Gerrit Burgers; Peter A. E. M. Janssen
Efficient 3D building model generation from 2D floor plans
3D building models are beneficial to architects, interior designers, and ordinary people in visualizing indoor space in three dimensions. 3D building models appear to be more aesthetic to ordinary people than architectural ...
Kashlev, Dmitry
Supercomputer assisted generation of machine learning agents for the calibration of building energy models
Building Energy Modeling (BEM) is an approach to model the energy usage in buildings for design and retrofit purposes. EnergyPlus is the flagship Department of Energy software that performs BEM for different types of buildings. The input to EnergyPlus ... Keywords: big data, building energy modeling, calibration, machine learning, parametric ensemble, supercomputer
Jibonananda Sanyal; Joshua New; Richard Edwards
Recursive operation time maximization model for the maintenance of power generation equipment
Repairable equipment requires preventive maintenance (PM) to maintain proper function. An appropriate PM strategy can extend the life of equipment and reduce variable costs. A power generation company in Taiwan that has a fixed-period PM strategy is ... Keywords: Maintenance improvement factor, Mathematical programming, Preventive maintenance (PM)
Der-Chiang Li; Chiao-Wen Liu; Tung-Liang Chen
Accurate Load and Generation Scheduling for Linearized DC Models with Contingencies
The power restoration timeline suggested by the DC power flow and the Angle Constrained DC power flow is shown. Unfortunately, the suggested generator dispatch does not always lead to feasible AC power flow solutions. Even when the AC solution is feasible, the inaccuracies of the DC power flow can lead to significant line overloads.
Bent, Russell W. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Coffrin, Carleton J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; van Hentenryc, Pascal [NICTA
A multistage model for distribution expansion planning with distributed generation in a deregulated electricity market
Distribution systems management is becoming an increasingly complicated issue due to the introduction of new technologies, new energy trading strategies and a new deregulated environment. In the new deregulated energy market and considering the incentives ... Keywords: GAMS-MATLAB interface, distributed generation (DG), distribution company (DISCO), investment payback time, microturbine, social welfare
S. Porkar; A. Abbaspour-Tehrani-Fard; P. Poure; S. Saadate
Generation Maintenance Applications Center: Combined-Cycle Combustion Turbine Steam Bypass Model Maintenance Guide
BackgroundCombustion turbine combined-cycle (CTCC) facilities use various systems and components that are unique to this type of power generation plants and are not typically found in a nuclear or fossil power plant. As such, current CTCC facility owners' use of the Electric Power ...
"Relaxing" - A Symbolic Sparse Matrix Method Exploiting the Model Structure in Generating Efficient Simulation Code
This paper presents a new method for symbolically solving large sets of algebraically coupled equations as they are frequently encountered in the formulation of mathematical models of physical systems in object-- oriented modeling. The method, called "relaxing," enables the modeler to exploit the special matrix structure of the type of system under study by simply placing the keyword relax at appropriate places in the model class libraries. This procedure defines an evaluation sequence for a sparse matrix Gaussian elimination scheme. The method is demonstrated at hand of several broad classes of physical systems: drive trains, electrical circuits, and tree--structured multibody systems. In particular, relaxing allows a model compiler, such as Dymola, to start from a declarative, object-- oriented description of the model, and to automatically derive the recursive O(f) algorithm used in modern multibody programs. Keywords: Sparse matrices; symbolic formulae manipulation; object--orient...
Martin Otter; Hilding Elmqvist François E. Cellier; Hilding Elmqvist; Francois E. Cellier
geographic regions via transmission lines. We assumed thatthe costs of building transmission lines directly from theevaluated. 3) New transmission lines – the WinDS model can
Management Responsibilities
Management Responsibilities Management Responsibilities Depleted UF6 Management Responsibilities DOE has responsibility for safe and efficient management of approximately 700,000 metric tons of depleted UF6. Organizational Responsibilities In the United States, the U.S. Department of Energy is responsible for managing all the depleted uranium that has been generated by the government and has been declared surplus to national defense needs. In addition, as a result of two memoranda of agreement that have been signed between the DOE and USEC, the DOE has assumed management responsibility for approximately 145,000 metric tons of depleted UF6 that has been or will be generated by USEC. Any additional depleted UF6 that USEC generates will be USEC's responsibility to manage. DOE Management Responsibility
Hydrogen Gas Generation Model for Fuel Based Remote Handled TRU Waste Stored at INEEL
The Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory (INEEL) initiated efforts to calculate the hydrogen gas generation in remote-handled transuranic (RH-TRU) containers in order to evaluate continued storage of unvented RH-TRU containers in vaults and to identify any potential problems during retrieval and aboveground storage. A computer code is developed to calculate the hydrogen concentration in the stored RH-TRU waste drums for known configuration, waste matrix, and radionuclide inventories as a function of time.
Soli T. Khericha; Rajiv N. Bhatt; Kevin Liekhus
Ensemble modeling of transport and dispersion simulations guided by machine learning hypotheses generation
In this article an approach is presented where machine learning classifiers are used to drive an ensemble modeling method of multiple atmospheric transport and dispersion simulations. The goal is to achieve a higher spread of the results with a lower ... Keywords: Ensemble modeling, Machine learning, Transport and dispersion simulations
Andreas D. Lattner; Guido Cervone
Model Estimates of M2 Internal Tide Generation over Mid-Atlantic Ridge Topography
The conversion of barotropic to baroclinic M2 tidal energy is examined for a section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Brazil Basin using a primitive equation model. Model runs are made with different horizontal smoothing (1.5, 6, and 15 km) ...
N. V. Zilberman; J. M. Becker; M. A. Merrifield; G. S. Carter
Mathematical Modeling for Evaluation of Quality of Service Parameters in Next Generation Cellular Wireless Networks
In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed for cellular wireless network with Gamma inter-arrivals and general call holding times. Measurement based studies have shown that Poisson assumption averages out the traffic characteristics to a ... Keywords: Cellular wireless networks, QoS, mathematical model
Raj Kumar Samanta; Partha Bhattacharjee; Gautam Sanyal
Patterns for Automatic Generation of Soft Real-time System Models
Worst-case assumptions about the timing of systems are often too conservative when analyzing distributed soft real-time systems as they lead to over-dimensioned and expensive products. For these systems, a certain percentage of deadline misses is often ... Keywords: Modeling patterns, pattern-based system description, soft real-time systems, stochastic model
Oana Florescu; Jeroen Voeten; Bart Theelen; Henk Corporaal
Response to Request for Additional Information regarding Request for Approval of the Cyber Security Plan San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, Units 2 and 3
By letter dated July 22, 2010 (Reference) Southern California Edison submitted a license amendment request for approval of the Cyber Security Plan for San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) in accordance with 10 CFR 73.54. The purpose of this license amendment was to provide an Implementation Schedule, provide a table of SONGS deviations from NEI 08-09 Revision 6, and add a sentence to the existing Facilities Operating Licenses (FOL) license condition for Physical Security to require SCE to fully implement and maintain in effect all provisions of the Commission approved Cyber Security Plan. By e-mail dated March 1, 2011, the NRC requested additional information through three generic questions developed by the NRC staff following discussions with the Nuclear Energy Institute and the industry Cyber Security Task Force. Responses to the NRC request for additional information are provided in the Enclosure to this letter.
Southern Edison; Douglas R. Bauder
Implications of the stability and triviality bounds on the standard model with three and four chiral generations
We revisit the stability and triviality bounds on the Higgs boson mass in the context of the standard model with three and four generations (SM3 and SM4, respectively). In light of the recent results from LHC, the triviality bound in the SM3 has now become obsolete, and the stability bound implies for a Higgs mass of e.g. m{sub H}=115 GeV the onset of new physics before {Lambda}=650 TeV, whereas there are no limits for m{sub H}{>=}133 GeV. For the SM4, the stability and triviality curves intersect and bound a finite region. As a consequence, the fourth generation fermions place stringent theoretical limits on the Higgs mass, and there is a maximal scale beyond which the theory cannot be perturbatively valid. We find that the Higgs mass cannot exceed 700 GeV for any values of the fourth generation fermion masses. Turning the argument around, the absence of a Higgs signal for m{sub H}{Higgs boson lighter than 700 GeV is not observed, a fourth generation of chiral fermions with perturbative Yukawa couplings will be conclusively excluded for the full range of parameters.
Wingerter, Akin [Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, INPG, 53 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble (France)
A Model Study of the Role of High-Latitude Topography in the Climatic Response to Orbital Insolation Anomalies
The response of a combined global zonal-averaged energy balance model and a continental ice-sheet model to insulation anomalies produced by orbital perturbations is examined. Although the role of ice sheet dynamics is included in the model, this ...
G. E. Birchfield; Johannes Weertman; Albert T. Lunde
Open source model for generating RR intervals in atrial fibrillation and beyond
Abstract Background Realistic modeling of cardiac inter-beat (RR) intervals is highly desirable for basic research in cardiac electrophysiology, clinical management of heart diseases, and developing signal processing tools ...
Lian, Jie
B ENEFITS Other benefits associated with wind energy includeof carbon costs, the benefit of wind energy in reducing theWind Energy Deployment System model used to estimate the costs and benefits
This paper shows the results of the Wind Energy Deployment System model used to estimate the costs and benefits associated with producing 20% of the nation's electricity from wind technology by 2030.
Hand, M.; Blair, N.; Bolinger, M.; Wiser, R.; O'Connell, R.; Hern, T.; Miller, B.
Internal Tide Generation at the Continental Shelf Modeled Using a Modal Decomposition: Two-Dimensional Results
Stratified flow over topography is studied, with oceanic applications in mind. A model is developed for a fluid with arbitrary vertical stratification and a free surface, flowing over three-dimensional topography of arbitrary size and steepness, ...
Stephen D. Griffiths; R. H. J. Grimshaw
Generation and Propagation of 30-Day Waves in a Numerical Model of the Pacific
A multilevel numerical model is applied to the equatorial Pacific Ocean, driven by long-term averaged, monthly varying winds. In agreement with satellite-observed sea surface temperatures, the solution is unstable at certain times of year and ...
Michael D. Cox
Hand, M.; Blair, N.; Bolinger, M.; Wiser, R.; O' Connell, R.; Hern, T.; Miller, B.
2003. U.S. Department of Energy (2008). 20% Wind Energy by2030: Increasing Wind Energy's Contribution to U.S.shows the results of the Wind Energy Deployment System model
Electric and magnetic response to the continuum for A=7 isobars in a dicluster model
Mirror isobars $^7$Li and $^7$Be are investigated in a dicluster model. The magnetic dipole moments and the magnetic dipole response to the continuum are calculated in this framework. The magnetic contribution is found to be small with respect to electric dipole and quadrupole excitations even at astrophysical energies, at a variance with the case of deuteron. Energy weighted molecular sum rules are evaluated and a formula for the molecular magnetic dipole sum rule is found which matches the numerical calculations. Cross-sections for photo-dissociation and radiative capture as well as the S-factor for reactions of astrophysical significance are calculated with good agreement with known experimental data.
A. Mason; R. Chatterjee; L. Fortunato; A. Vitturi
Ridge, Bulk, and Medium Response: How to Kill Models and Learn Something in the Process
In these proceedings, we highlight experimental data (published and preliminary) related to jet quenching and the response of the medium to this deposited energy. Signatures in two- and three- particle hadron correlations indicate interesting structures near the trigger particle in azimuth and over a broad range in pseudo-rapidity, often termed "the ridge", and conical-like structures separated in azimuth opposite to the trigger particle. We review numerous theoretical interpretations of the ridge in particular with a critical eye for the key properties that allow one to discriminate between, or rule out, certain physical pictures and models (and hopefully learn something in the process).
J. L. Nagle
Risk Aversion and CO2 Regulatory Uncertainty in Power Generation Investment: Policy and Modeling Implications
functions over the year within the second stage (e.g., peak vs baseload demands). This distribution is known ahead of time to all market players, and is the reason why in equilibrium there is a mix of high- and low-variable cost generation technologies... functions including demand variability, which is a fundamental feature of electricity economics, resulting in the need for a mix of capital-intensive baseload versus high fuel cost peaking capacity [35]. The degree of in- tra-annual demand variability...
Fan, L; Hobbs, Benjamin F; Norman, C S
Economic Modeling of Mid-Term Gas Demand and Electric Generation Capacity Trends
The U.S. power sector natural gas use over the next 10 to 20 years is a topic of significant uncertainty and debate. The industry expects the power sector to be the principal source of growth in national gas demand in the short run; and the manner in which it drives demand and affects the market over the "mid term," to 2020-2030, is an important consideration for planners in both the electric and gas industries. With abundant, relatively low-priced supplies, gas-fired generation can be a strong competito...
Site-Specific Seismic Site Response Model for the Waste Treatment Plant, Hanford, Washington
The seismic design basis for the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) at the Department of Energy's Hanford Site near Richland, Washington, was established in 1999 based on an extensive probabilistic seismic hazard analysis completed in 1996 by Geomatrix Consultants, Inc. In subsequent years, the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) staff questioned the some of the assumptions used in developing the seismic design basis, particularly the adequacy of the site geotechnical surveys. Existing site-specific shear wave velocity data were considered insufficient to reliably use California earthquake response data to directly predict ground motions at the Hanford Site. To address this concern, the Department of Energy's Office of River Protection (ORP) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) developed and executed a plan for acquiring site-specific soil data down to approximately 500 feet, and for reanalyzing the effects of deeper layers of sediments interbedded with basalt. New geophysical data were acquired, analyzed, and interpreted with respect to existing geologic information gathered from other Hanford-related projects in the WTP area. Existing data from deep boreholes were assembled and interpreted to produce a model of the deeper rock layers consisting of inter-layered basalts and sedimentary interbeds. These data were analyzed statistically to determine the variability of seismic velocities. The earthquake ground motion response was simulated on a large number of models resulting from a weighted logic tree approach that addressed the geologic and geophysical uncertainties. Weights in the logic tree were chosen by a working group based on the strength or weakness of the available data for each combination of logic tree parameters. Finally, interim design ground motion spectra were developed to envelope the remaining uncertainties. The results of this study demonstrate that the site-specific soil structure (Hanford and Ringold formations) beneath the WTP is thinner than was assumed in the 1996 Hanford Site-wide model. This thinness produces peaks in the response spectra (relative to those in 1996) near 2 Hz and 5 Hz. The soil geophysical properties, shear wave velocity, and nonlinear response to the earthquake ground motions are known sufficiently, and alternative interpretations consistent with this data did not have a strong influence on the results. The structure of the upper four basalt flows (Saddle Mountains Basalt), which are inter-layered with sedimentary interbeds (Ellensburg Formation), produces strong reductions in the earthquake ground motions that propagate through them to reach the surface. Uncertainty in the strength of velocity contrasts between these basalts and interbeds resulted from an absence of measured shear wave velocities (Vs) in the interbeds. For this study, Vs in the interbeds was estimated from older, limited compressional wave (Vp) data using estimated ranges for the ratio of the two velocities (Vp/Vs) based on analogues in similar materials. The Vs for the basalts, where Vp/Vs is well defined, still is limited by the quality and quantity of the Vp data. A range of possible Vs for the interbeds and basalts was included in the logic trees that produced additional uncertainty in the resulting response spectra. The uncertainties in these response spectra were enveloped at approximately the 84. percentile (based on the logic tree) to produce conservative design spectra. This conservatism increased the seismic design basis by up to 40% compared to the 1999 values. Because of the sensitivity of the calculated response spectra to the velocity contrasts between the basalts and interbedded sediments, additional boreholes and direct Vs measurements through these layers are now being planned. The new measurements are expected to reduce the uncertainty in the site response that is caused by the lack of direct knowledge of the Vs contrasts within these layers. (authors)
Rohay, A.C.; Reidel, S.P. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352 (United States)
Transient Response of the Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model to Increasing Carbon Dioxide. Part II: Spatial and Temporal Structure of Response
A high-resolution (2.75° lat × ° 3.75° long) coupled ocean-atmosphere model has been used to simulate the transient response of climate to a gradual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Although the radiative forcing increases ...
J. M. Murphy; J. F. B. Mitchell
STOCHASTIC MODELS OF SPACE RADIATION DNA DAMAGE STOCHASTIC MODELS OF SPACE RADIATION DNA DAMAGE RESPONSES AND CANCER RISKS Francis A. Cucinotta 1 , Janice M. Pluth 2 , Artem Ponomarev 3 , Shaowen Hu 3 , Jennifer Anderson 4 , Jane Harper 4 , and Peter O'Neill 4 1 NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston TX, USA; 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA; 3 U.S.R.A., Division of Life Sciences, Houston TX, USA; 4 MRC Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, Harwell, Didcot, UK Abstract: On space missions astronauts are exposed to a steady flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) consisting of high-energy protons and heavy ions. In the next decades long- term missions of up to 200 days to the Earth's moon and 1100 days to Mars are planed by NASA where cumulative doses will not be low (>100 mSv) albeit dose-
Biomass for Electricity Generation - Table 9
Modeling and Analysis Papers> Biomass for Electricity Generation : Biomass for Electricity Generation. Table 9. Biomass-Fired Electricity Generation ...
Anatomical database generation for radiation transport modeling from computed tomography (CT) scan data
Geometric models of the anatomy are used routinely in calculations of the radiation dose in organs and tissues of the body. Development of such models has been hampered by lack of detailed anatomical information on children, and models themselves have been limited to quadratic conic sections. This summary reviews the development of an image processing workstation used to extract anatomical information from routine diagnostic CT procedure. A standard IBM PC/AT microcomputer has been augmented with an automatically loading 9-track magnetic tape drive, an 8-bit 1024 {times} 1024 pixel graphics adapter/monitor/film recording package, a mouse/trackball assembly, dual 20 MB removable cartridge media, a 72 MB disk drive, and a printer. Software utilized by the workstation includes a Geographic Information System (modified for manipulation of CT images), CAD software, imaging software, and various modules to ease data transfer among the software packages. 5 refs., 3 figs.
Margle, S.M.; Tinnel, E.P.; Till, L.E.; Eckerman, K.F.; Durfee, R.C.
Deep Ocean Response to Hurricanes as Revealed by an Ocean Model with Free Surface. Part I: Axisymmetric Case
An axisymmetric, hydrostatic ocean model containing a rigid bottom and a free surface is constructed to study the barotropic and baroclinic response in the upper and deep ocean to a wind stress corresponding to a stationary tropical cyclone. The ...
Simon W. Chang
Response of the NCAR Climate System Model to Increased CO2 and the Role of Physical Processes
The global warming resulting from increased CO2 is addressed in the context of two regional processes that contribute to climate change in coupled climate models, the "El Nińo–like" response (slackening of the equatorial Pacific SST gradient) and ...
Gerald A. Meehl; William D. Collins; Byron A. Boville; Jeffrey T. Kiehl; T. M. L. Wigley; Julie M. Arblaster
Response of a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Sensitivity to the Rate of Increase
The influence of differing rates of increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration on the climatic response is investigated using a coupled ocean–atmosphere model. Five transient integrations are performed each using a different constant ...
Ronald J. Stouffer; Syukuro Manabe
Universality of the Modeled Small-Scale Response of the Upper Tropical Ocean to Squall Wind Forcing
The upper ocean response to idealized surface wind forcing that is representative of conditions observed during the TOGA-COARE Intensive Observation Period is studied by numerical simulations using a second-moment closure model. A set of ...
R. A. Richardson; G. G. Sutyrin; D. Hebert; L. M. Rothstein
Modeling the Response of an Idealized Coastal Ocean to a Traveling Storm and to Flow over Bottom Topography
To validate a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for use in coastal waters, two test cases with idealized geometry and forcing functions were performed. The tests involve the barotropic and baroclinic response of a coastal ocean with a uniform ...
Leiv H. Slřrdal; Eivind A. Martinsen; Alan F. Blumberg
Response of the HadGEM2 Earth System Model to Future Greenhouse Gas Emissions Pathways to the Year 2300
A new ensemble of simulations from the Earth System configuration of the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 2 (HadGEM2-ES), is used to evaluate the response to historical and projected future greenhouse gas forcings that follow ...
John Caesar; Erika Palin; Spencer Liddicoat; Jason Lowe; Eleanor Burke; Anne Pardaens; Michael Sanderson; Ron Kahana
Interhemispheric Asymmetry in the Transient Response of a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model to a CO2 Forcing
Numerical experiments are carried out using a general circulation model of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system with idealized geography, exploring the transient response of climate to a rapid increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The ...
K. Bryan; S. Manabe; M. J. Spelman
Mechanisms Determining the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation Response to Greenhouse Gas Forcing in a Non-Flux-Adjusted Coupled Climate Model
Models of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) show a range of responses to the high-latitude warming and freshening characteristic of global warming scenarios. Most simulate a weakening of the THC, with some suggesting possible ...
R. B. Thorpe; J. M. Gregory; T. C. Johns; R. A. Wood; J. F. B. Mitchell
The Steady-State Atmospheric Circulation Response to Climate Change–like Thermal Forcings in a Simple General Circulation Model
The steady-state extratropical atmospheric response to thermal forcing is investigated in a simple atmospheric general circulation model. The thermal forcings qualitatively mimic three key aspects of anthropogenic climate change: warming in the ...
Amy H. Butler; David W. J. Thompson; Ross Heikes
Response of the Inertial Recirculation to Intensified Stratification in a Two-Layer Quasigeostrophic Ocean Circulation Model
Previous observation and model studies show that the upper-ocean stratification is enhanced under global warming (Capotondi et al.; Cravatte et al.; Deser et al., etc.). The response of the recirculation, which is associated with the western ...
Shantong Sun; Lixin Wu; Bo Qiu
Origin of the Annual to Decadal Peaks of Variability in the Response of Simple Ocean Models to Stochastic Forcing
The response of the ocean to stochastic forcings is studied in a closed basin, using a simple one-dimensional analytical model. The focus is on the mechanisms that determine the time scales of the response and their possible links with free basin ...
Jérôme Sirven; Christophe Herbaut; Julie Deshayes; Claude Frankignoul
Modification of the Physics and Numerics in a Third-Generation Ocean Wave Model
The ocean wave model WAM was recently upgraded to improve the coupling between the sea state and the air flow and, in particular, enhance the growth of young wind sea over that of old wind sea. Prior to this change, numerous validations of the ...
Leslie C. Bender
Modeling and Control of a Marine Current Turbine Driven Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
with the modeling and the control of a variable speed DFIG-based marine current turbine with and without tidal synchronous speed); r = Rotor current frequency (r = s  ); = DFIG speed ( = /p); f = Viscosity coefficient; J = Rotor Inertia; p = Pole pair number. GLOSSARY MCT = Marine Current Turbine; DFIG = Doubly
Brest, Université de
Internal Tide Generation over Topography: Experiments with a Free-Surface z-Level Ocean Model
A three-dimensional, z-level, primitive-equation ocean circulation model (DieCAST) is modified to include a free-surface and partial cells. The updating of free-surface elevation is implicit in time so that the extra computational cost is minimal ...
Youyu Lu; Daniel G. Wright; David Brickman
Shallow water numerical model of the wave generated by the Vajont landslide
On October 9th 1963 a huge landslide fell into the Vajont artificial reservoir in Northern Italy, and displaced the water which overtopped the dam and produced a destructive wave that inundated the valley causing about 2000 casualties and complete devastation. ... Keywords: Finite volume scheme, Moving boundary condition, Numerical model, Shallow water equations, Vajont landslide
Silvia Bosa; Marco Petti
An study of the tree generation algorithms in equation based model learning with low quality data
The undesired effects of data gathered from real world can be produced by the noise in the process, the bias of the sensors and the presence of hysteresis, among other uncertainty sources. In previous works the learning models using the so-called Low ... Keywords: genetic algorithm and programming, genetic programming, low quality data, multiobjective simulated annealing
Alba Berzosa; José R. Villar; Javier Sedano; Marco García-Tamargo; Enrique de la Cal
A real-time monitoring/emergency response modeling workstation for a tritium facility
At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) we developed a real-time system to monitor two stacks on our tritium handling facility. The monitors transmit the stack data to a workstation which computes a 3D numerical model of atmospheric dispersion. The workstation also collects surface and upper air data from meteorological towers and a sodar. The complex meteorological and terrain setting in the Livermore Valley demands more sophisticated resolution of the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere to reliably calculate plume dispersion than afforded by Gaussian models. We experience both mountain valley and sea breeze flows. To address these complexities, we have implemented the three-dimensional diagnostic MATHEW mass-adjusted wind field and ADPIC particle-in-cell dispersion models on the workstation for use in real-time emergency response modeling. Both MATHEW and ADPIC have shown their utility in a variety of complex settings over the last 15 years within the Department of Energy`s Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC[1,2]) project.
Lawver, B.S.; Sims, J.M. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Baskett, R.L. [EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Pleasanton, CA (United States)
Enduse Global Emissions Mitigation Scenarios (EGEMS): A New Generation of Energy Efficiency Policy Planning Models
This paper presents efforts to date and prospective goals towards development of a modelling and analysis framework which is comprehensive enough to address the global climate crisis, and detailed enough to provide policymakers with concrete targets and achievable outcomes. In terms of energy efficiency policy, this requires coverage of the entire world, with emphasis on countries and regions with large and/or rapidly growing energy-related emissions, and analysis at the 'technology' level-building end use, transport mode or industrial process. These elements have not been fully addressed by existing modelling efforts, which usually take either a top-down approach, or concentrate on a few fully industrialized countries where energy demand is well-understood. Inclusion of details such as appliance ownership rates, use patterns and efficiency levels throughout the world allows for a deeper understanding of the demand for energy today and, more importantly, over the coming decades. This is a necessary next step for energy analysts and policy makers in assessment of mitigation potentials. The modelling system developed at LBNL over the past 3 years takes advantage of experience in end use demand and in forecasting markets for energy-consuming equipment, in combination with known technology-based efficiency opportunities and policy types. A particular emphasis has been placed on modelling energy growth in developing countries. Experiences to date include analyses covering individual countries (China and India), end uses (refrigerators and air conditioners) and policy types (standards and labelling). Each of these studies required a particular effort in data collection and model refinement--they share, however, a consistent approach and framework which allows comparison, and forms the foundation of a comprehensive analysis system leading to a roadmap to address the greenhouse gas mitigation targetslikely to be set in the coming years.
McNeil, Michael A.; de la Rue du Can, Stephane; McMahon, James E.
Dynamical mass generation by source inversion: calculating the mass gap of the chiral Gross-Neveu model
We probe the U(N) chiral Gross-Neveu model with a source-term $J\\l{\\Psi}\\Psi$. We find an expression for the renormalization scheme and scale invariant source $\\hat{J}$, as a function of the generated mass gap. The expansion of this function is organized in such a way that all scheme and scale dependence is reduced to one single parameter $d$. We obtain a non-perturbative mass gap as the solution of $\\hat{J}=0$. A physical choice for $d$ gives good results for $N>2$. The self-consistent minimal sensitivity condition gives a slight improvement.
K. Van Acoleyen; J. A. Gracey; H. Verschelde
Multi-fluid Modeling of Transient a Case Study in the Generation and Guiding of Light
www.pge.utexas.edu/links/jip.cfm #12;F. Fracturing · F1. Energized fractures in tight gas sands/ gas.8 mD Texas Cream, (Pmean=4.4 atm)k=0.7 mD Tight gas sand, (Pmean=28 atm), k=0.01 mD Gas and tight gas sands by developing models for:  Extent of stress reorientation  Optimum time
Eindhoven, Technische Universiteit
Competition and fragmentation: a simple model generating lognormal-like distributions
The current distribution of language size in terms of speaker population is generally described using a lognormal distribution. Analyzing the original real data we show how the double-Pareto lognormal distribution can give an alternative fit that indicates the existence of a power law tail. A simple model, based on competition and fragmentation, reproduces such behavior and is able to well approximate real data.
Schwämmle, V; Brigatti, E; Tchumatchenko, T
The ArcSDE GIS Dynamic Population Model Tool for Savannah River Site Emergency Response
The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a 310-square-mile Department of Energy site located near Aiken, South Carolina. With a workforce of over 10,000 employees and subcontractors, SRS emergency personnel must be able to respond to an emergency event in a timely and effective manner, in order to ensure the safety and security of the Site. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides the technology needed to give managers and emergency personnel the information they need to make quick and effective decisions. In the event of a site evacuation, knowing the number of on-site personnel to evacuate from a given area is an essential piece of information for emergency staff. SRS has developed a GIS Dynamic Population Model Tool to quickly communicate real-time information that summarizes employee populations by facility area and building and then generates dynamic maps that illustrate output statistics.
Renewable Power Options for Electrical Generation on Kaua'i: Economics and Performance Modeling
The Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI) is working with a team led by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to assess the economic and technical feasibility of increasing the contribution of renewable energy in Hawaii. This part of the HCEI project focuses on working with Kaua'i Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) to understand how to integrate higher levels of renewable energy into the electric power system of the island of Kaua'i. NREL partnered with KIUC to perform an economic and technical analysis and discussed how to model PV inverters in the electrical grid.
Burman, K.; Keller, J.; Kroposki, B.; Lilienthal, P.; Slaughter, R.; Glassmire, J.
A CFD-based wind solver for a fast response transport and dispersion model
In many cities, ambient air quality is deteriorating leading to concerns about the health of city inhabitants. In urban areas with narrow streets surrounded by clusters of tall buildings, called street canyons, air pollution from traffic emissions and other sources is difficult to disperse and may accumulate resulting in high pollutant concentrations. For various situations, including the evacuation of populated areas in the event of an accidental or deliberate release of chemical, biological and radiological agents, it is important that models should be developed that produce urban flow fields quickly. For these reasons it has become important to predict the flow field in urban street canyons. Various computational techniques have been used to calculate these flow fields, but these techniques are often computationally intensive. Most fast response models currently in use are at a disadvantage in these cases as they are unable to correlate highly heterogeneous urban structures with the diagnostic parameterizations on which they are based. In this paper, a fast and reasonably accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique that solves the Navier-Stokes equations for complex urban areas has been developed called QUIC-CFD (Q-CFD). This technique represents an intermediate balance between fast (on the order of minutes for a several block problem) and reasonably accurate solutions. The paper details the solution procedure and validates this model for various simple and complex urban geometries.
Gowardhan, Akshay A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Brown, Michael J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pardyjak, Eric R [UNIV OF UTAH; Senocak, Inanc [BOISE STATE UNIV
Earthquake Response Modeling for a Parked and Operating Megawatt-Scale Wind Turbine
Demand parameters for turbines, such as tower moment demand, are primarily driven by wind excitation and dynamics associated with operation. For that purpose, computational simulation platforms have been developed, such as FAST, maintained by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). For seismically active regions, building codes also require the consideration of earthquake loading. Historically, it has been common to use simple building code approaches to estimate the structural demand from earthquake shaking, as an independent loading scenario. Currently, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) design requirements include the consideration of earthquake shaking while the turbine is operating. Numerical and analytical tools used to consider earthquake loads for buildings and other static civil structures are not well suited for modeling simultaneous wind and earthquake excitation in conjunction with operational dynamics. Through the addition of seismic loading capabilities to FAST, it is possible to simulate earthquake shaking in the time domain, which allows consideration of non-linear effects such as structural nonlinearities, aerodynamic hysteresis, control system influence, and transients. This paper presents a FAST model of a modern 900-kW wind turbine, which is calibrated based on field vibration measurements. With this calibrated model, both coupled and uncoupled simulations are conducted looking at the structural demand for the turbine tower. Response is compared under the conditions of normal operation and potential emergency shutdown due the earthquake induced vibrations. The results highlight the availability of a numerical tool for conducting such studies, and provide insights into the combined wind-earthquake loading mechanism.
Prowell, I.; Elgamal, A.; Romanowitz, H.; Duggan, J. E.; Jonkman, J.
A sustainable model for training teachers to use pivotal response training
J. R. , (1995). Pyramidal staff training in the extension ofvia pivotal response training and the individualization ofof pivotal response training. Journal of Speech, Language
Suhrheinrich, Jessica Brooke
An Electricity-focused Economic Input-output Model: Life-cycle Assessment and Policy Implications of Future Electricity Generation Scenarios
chains and emission factors for the generation, transmission and distribution portions of the electricityAn Electricity-focused Economic Input-output Model: Life-cycle Assessment and Policy Implications of Future Electricity Generation Scenarios Joe Marriott Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
A Bayesian sensitivity analysis applied to an Agent-based model of bird population response to landscape change
Agricultural land management has important impacts on land use and vegetation that can rapidly induce ecosystem change. Birds are often used as indicators of such impacts of landscape change on ecosystems. However, predicting the response of birds to ... Keywords: ALMaSS, Agent-based model, BACCO, Emulator, Land use policy, Meta-model, Sensitivity analysis, Set-aside removal, Skylarks, Uncertainty
Hazel R. Parry, Christopher J. Topping, Marc C. Kennedy, Nigel D. Boatman, Alistair W. A. Murray
Improved interval estimation of long run response from a dynamic linear model: A highest density region approach
This paper proposes a new method of interval estimation for the long run response (or elasticity) parameter from a general linear dynamic model. We employ the bias-corrected bootstrap, in which small sample biases associated with the parameter estimators ... Keywords: ARDL model, Bias-correction, Bootstrapping, Highest density region, Long run elasticity
Jae H. Kim; Iain Fraser; Rob J. Hyndman
Estimation of Channel Impulse Response Using Modified Ceiling Bounce Model in Non-Directed Indoor Optical Wireless Systems
In this paper a modification to the traditional Ceiling bounce model is proposed for use with non-directed indoor optical wireless systems which takes into account the transceiver separation distances as well as their actual positions while computing ... Keywords: Diffuse indoor optical systems, Indoor channel impulse response, Modified Ceiling bounce model
K. Smitha; Arumugam Sivabalan; Joseph John
Simulating Price Responsive Distributed Resources
Distributed energy resources (DER) include distributed generation, storage, and responsive demand. The integration of DER into the power system control framework is part of the evolutinary advances that allow these resources to actively particpate in the energy balance equation. Price can provide a powerful signal for independent decision-making in distributed control strategies. To study the impact of price responsive DER on the electric power system requires generation and load models that can capture the dynamic coupling between the energy market and the physical operation of the power system in appropriate time frames. This paper presents modeling approaches for simulating electricity market price responsive DER, and introduces a statistical mechanics approach to modeling the aggregated response of a transformed electric system of pervasive, transacting DER.
Lu, Ning; Chassin, David P.; Widergren, Steven E.
Quasi-static and dynamic responses of advanced high strength steels: Experiments and modeling
Measured responses of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) and their tailor welded blanks (TWBs), over a wide range of strain-rates (10*4 to 103 s*1) are presented. The steels investigated include transformation induced plasticity (TRIP), dual phase (DP), and drawing quality (DQ) steels. The TWBs include DQ-DQ and DP-DP laser welds. A tensile split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used for the dynamic experiments. AHSS and their TWB's were found to exhibit positive strain-rate sensitivity. The Khan-Huang-Liang (KHL) constitutive model is shown to correlate and predict the observed responses reasonably well. Micro-texture characterization of DQ steels, DQ-DQ and DP-DP laser welds were performed to investigate the effect of strain-rate on texture evolution of these materials. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was used to analyze the micro-texture evolution and kernel average misorientation (KAM) map. Measurement of micro-hardness profile across the cross section of tensile samples was conducted to understand the effect of initial microstructure on ductility of laser weld samples.
Khan, Akhtar; Baig, Muneer; Choi, Shi Hoon; Yang, Hoe Seok; Sun, Xin
Final Technical Report for "Collaborative Research: Regional climate-change projections through next-generation empirical and dynamical models"
This project was a continuation of previous work under DOE CCPP funding in which we developed a twin approach of non-homogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) and coupled ocean-atmosphere (O-A) intermediate-complexity models (ICMs) to identify the potentially predictable modes of climate variability, and to investigate their impacts on the regional-scale. We have developed a family of latent-variable NHMMs to simulate historical records of daily rainfall, and used them to downscale seasonal predictions. We have also developed empirical mode reduction (EMR) models for gaining insight into the underlying dynamics in observational data and general circulation model (GCM) simulations. Using coupled O-A ICMs, we have identified a new mechanism of interdecadal climate variability, involving the midlatitude oceans mesoscale eddy field and nonlinear, persistent atmospheric response to the oceanic anomalies. A related decadal mode is also identified, associated with the oceans thermohaline circulation. The goal of the continuation was to build on these ICM results and NHMM/EMR model developments and software to strengthen two key pillars of support for the development and application of climate models for climate change projections on time scales of decades to centuries, namely: (a) dynamical and theoretical understanding of decadal-to-interdecadal oscillations and their predictability; and (b) an interface from climate models to applications, in order to inform societal adaptation strategies to climate change at the regional scale, including model calibration, correction, downscaling and, most importantly, assessment and interpretation of spread and uncertainties in multi-model ensembles. Our main results from the grant consist of extensive further development of the hidden Markov models for rainfall simulation and downscaling specifically within the non-stationary climate change context together with the development of parallelized software; application of NHMMs to downscaling of rainfall projections over India; identification and analysis of decadal climate signals in data and models; and, studies of climate variability in terms of the dynamics of atmospheric flow regimes. Each of these project components is elaborated on below, followed by a list of publications resulting from the grant.
Robertson, A.W.; Ghil, M.; Kravtsov, K.; Smyth, P.J.
This project was a continuation of previous work under DOE CCPP funding in which we developed a twin approach of non-homogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) and coupled ocean-atmosphere (O-A) intermediate-complexity models (ICMs) to identify the potentially predictable modes of climate variability, and to investigate their impacts on the regional-scale. We have developed a family of latent-variable NHMMs to simulate historical records of daily rainfall, and used them to downscale seasonal predictions. We have also developed empirical mode reduction (EMR) models for gaining insight into the underlying dynamics in observational data and general circulation model (GCM) simulations. Using coupled O-A ICMs, we have identified a new mechanism of interdecadal climate variability, involving the midlatitude oceansâ?? mesoscale eddy field and nonlinear, persistent atmospheric response to the oceanic anomalies. A related decadal mode is also identified, associated with the oceansâ?? thermohaline circulation. The goal of the continuation was to build on these ICM results and NHMM/EMR model developments and software to strengthen two key pillars of support for the development and application of climate models for climate change projections on time scales of decades to centuries, namely: (a) dynamical and theoretical understanding of decadal-to-interdecadal oscillations and their predictability; and (b) an interface from climate models to applications, in order to inform societal adaptation strategies to climate change at the regional scale, including model calibration, correction, downscaling and, most importantly, assessment and interpretation of spread and uncertainties in multi-model ensembles. Our main results from the grant consist of extensive further development of the hidden Markov models for rainfall simulation and downscaling specifically within the non-stationary climate change context together with the development of parallelized software; application of NHMMs to downscaling of rainfall projections over India; identification and analysis of decadal climate signals in data and models; and, studies of climate variability in terms of the dynamics of atmospheric flow regimes. Each of these project components is elaborated on below, followed by a list of publications resulting from the grant.
Kravtsov, S.; Robertson, A. W.; Ghil, M.; Smyth, P. J.
Simple Modifications to Improve Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model Performance for the Phoenix, Arizona, Metropolitan Area
The diurnal temperature cycle in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area, as represented in the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5), is examined using a high-resolution 2-...
Joseph A. Zehnder
Study on Real Options Model of Operating Capital Value of Generator for Spinning Reserve and Risk Assessment Based on Monte Carlo Methods
Electricity market has complex market rules, and its operation with great uncertainty. In this paper, the real options model of operating capital value of generator for spinning reserve is constructed under uncertainty market conditions including uncertainty ...
Xin Ma
Development of a Second-Generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary-Layer and Radiative Transfer Processes
During the last few years the development of a second-generation regional climate modeling system (RegCM2) has been completed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Based upon the National Center for Atmospheric Research-...
Filippo Giorgi; Maria Rosaria Marinucci; Gary T. Bates
Fuel Cell Power Model Version 2: Startup Guide, System Designs, and Case Studies. Modeling Electricity, Heat, and Hydrogen Generation from Fuel Cell-Based Distributed Energy Systems
This guide helps users get started with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory Fuel Cell Power (FCPower) Model Version 2, which is a Microsoft Excel workbook that analyzes the technical and economic aspects of high-temperature fuel cell-based distributed energy systems with the aim of providing consistent, transparent, comparable results. This type of energy system would provide onsite-generated heat and electricity to large end users such as hospitals and office complexes. The hydrogen produced could be used for fueling vehicles or stored for later conversion to electricity.
Steward, D.; Penev, M.; Saur, G.; Becker, W.; Zuboy, J.
Demand Response for Ancillary Services
Many demand response resources are technically capable of providing ancillary services. In some cases, they can provide superior response to generators, as the curtailment of load is typically much faster than ramping thermal and hydropower plants. Analysis and quantification of demand response resources providing ancillary services is necessary to understand the resources economic value and impact on the power system. Methodologies used to study grid integration of variable generation can be adapted to the study of demand response. In the present work, we describe and illustrate a methodology to construct detailed temporal and spatial representations of the demand response resource and to examine how to incorporate those resources into power system models. In addition, the paper outlines ways to evaluate barriers to implementation. We demonstrate how the combination of these three analyses can be used to translate the technical potential for demand response providing ancillary services into a realizable potential.
Alkadi, Nasr E [ORNL; Starke, Michael R [ORNL
We review early technologies and experiments in the 1980's for implementing demand response. We argue that while new smart grid technologies are cheaper and provide more functionality the barrier to demand response implementation at the retail level ... Keywords: Priority Service, Demand Response, Load Response Aggragation, Energy Economics
Shmuel S. Oren
The Effects of Low Dose Irradiation on Inflammatory Response Proteins in a 3D Reconstituted Human Skin Tissue Model
Skin responses to moderate and high doses of ionizing radiation include the induction of DNA repair, apoptosis, and stress response pathways. Additionally, numerous studies indicate that radiation exposure leads to inflammatory responses in skin cells and tissue. However, the inflammatory response of skin tissue to low dose radiation (<10 cGy) is poorly understood. In order to address this, we have utilized a reconstituted human skin tissue model (MatTek EpiDerm FT) and assessed changes in 23 cytokines twenty-four and forty eight hours following treatment of skin with either 3 or 10 cGy low-dose of radiation. Three cytokines, IFN-?, IL-2, MIP-1?, were significantly altered in response to low dose radiation. In contrast, seven cytokines were significantly altered in response to a high radiation dose of 200 cGy (IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-?, MIP-1?, TNF ?, and VEGF) or the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1?, IL-8, MIP-1?, MIP-1?, RANTES). Additionally, radiation induced inflammation appears to have a distinct cytokine response relative to the non-radiation induced stressor, TPA. Overall, these results indicate that there are subtle changes in the inflammatory protein levels following exposure to low dose radiation and this response is a sub-set of what is seen following a high dose in a human skin tissue model.
Varnum, Susan M.; Springer, David L.; Chaffee, Mary E.; Lien, Katie A.; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.; Waters, Katrina M.; Sacksteder, Colette A.
One- and two-dimensional Stirling machine simulation using experimentally generated reversing flow turbuulence models
The activities described in this report do not constitute a continuum but rather a series of linked smaller investigations in the general area of one- and two-dimensional Stirling machine simulation. The initial impetus for these investigations was the development and construction of the Mechanical Engineering Test Rig (METR) under a grant awarded by NASA to Dr. Terry Simon at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota. The purpose of the METR is to provide experimental data on oscillating turbulent flows in Stirling machine working fluid flow path components (heater, cooler, regenerator, etc.) with particular emphasis on laminar/turbulent flow transitions. Hence, the initial goals for the grant awarded by NASA were, broadly, to provide computer simulation backup for the design of the METR and to analyze the results produced. This was envisaged in two phases: First, to apply an existing one-dimensional Stirling machine simulation code to the METR and second, to adapt a two-dimensional fluid mechanics code which had been developed for simulating high Rayleigh number buoyant cavity flows to the METR. The key aspect of this latter component was the development of an appropriate turbulence model suitable for generalized application to Stirling simulation. A final-step was then to apply the two-dimensional code to an existing Stirling machine for which adequate experimental data exist. The work described herein was carried out over a period of three years on a part-time basis. Forty percent of the first year`s funding was provided as a match to the NASA funds by the Underground Space Center, University of Minnesota, which also made its computing facilities available to the project at no charge.
Goldberg, L.F. [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 27, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2012 465 Dynamics of Type-3 Wind Turbine Generator Models
wind farm developments. Such WTGs are also known as doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) or doubly
Hiskens, Ian A.
The El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the second Hadley Centre coupled model and its response to greenhouse warming
This paper describes El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) interannual variability simulated in the second Handley Centre coupled model under control and greenhouse warming scenarios. The model produces a very reasonable simulation of ENSO in the control experiment--reproducing the amplitude, spectral characteristics, and phase locking to the annual cycle that are observed in nature. The mechanism for the model ENSO is shown to be a mixed SST-ocean dynamics mode that can be interpreted in terms of the ocean recharge paradigm of Jin. In experiments with increased levels of greenhouse gases, no statistically significant changes in ENSO are seen until these levels approach four times preindustrial values. In these experiments, the model ENSO has an approximately 20% larger amplitude, a frequency that is approximately double that of the current ENSO (implying more frequent El Ninos and La Ninas), and phase locks to the annual cycle at a different time of year. It is shown that the increase in the vertical gradient of temperature in the thermocline region, associated with the model's response to increased greenhouse gases, is responsible for the increase in the amplitude of ENSO, while the increase in meridional temperature gradients on either side of the equator, again associated with the models response to increasing greenhouse gases, is responsible for the increased frequency of ENSO events.
Collins, M.
Evidence from the U.S. and some other countries indicates that organized wholesale markets for electrical energy and operating reserves do not provide adequate incentives to stimulate the proper quantity or mix of generating capacity consistent with mandatory reliability criteria. A large part of the problem can be associated with the failure of wholesale spot market prices for energy and operating reserves to rise to high enough levels during periods when generating capacity is fully utilized. Reforms to wholesale energy markets, the introduction of well-design forward capacity markets, and symmetrical treatment of demand response and generating capacity resources to respond to market and institutional imperfections are discussed. This policy reform program is compatible with improving the efficiency of spot wholesale electricity markets, the continued evolution of competitive retail markets, and restores incentives for efficient investment in generating capacity consistent with operating reliability criteria applied by system operators. It also responds to investment disincentives that have been associated with volatility in wholesale energy prices, limited hedging opportunities and to concerns about regulatory opportunism. 1
Paul L. Joskow; Paul L. Joskow; Paul L. Joskow
Exelon response
This letter constitutes the response of Exelon Generation Company, LLC and its operating unit, Exelon Nuclear Partners, to the Department of Energy's request for comments and information (July 27,...
Development of a Second-Generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM2). Part II: Convective Processes and Assimilation of Lateral Boundary Conditions
In this paper we continue the description of a second-generation regional climate model (RegCM2) initiated in the companion paper by Giorgi et al. We first discuss the inclusion in the model of the cumulus cloud scheme developed by Grell (...
Filippo Giorgi; Maria Rosaria Marinucci; Gary T. Bates; Gerardo De Canio
Modeling a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger with RELAP5-3D for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant
The main purpose of this report is to design a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant and carry out Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) simulation using RELAP5-3D. Helium was chosen as the coolant in the primary and secondary sides of the heat exchanger. The design of PCHE is critical for the LOCA simulations. For purposes of simplicity, a straight channel configuration was assumed. A parallel intermediate heat exchanger configuration was assumed for the RELAP5 model design. The RELAP5 modeling also required the semicircular channels in the heat exchanger to be mapped to rectangular channels. The initial RELAP5 run outputs steady state conditions which were then compared to the heat exchanger performance theory to ensure accurate design is being simulated. An exponential loss of pressure transient was simulated. This LOCA describes a loss of coolant pressure in the primary side over a 20 second time period. The results for the simulation indicate that heat is initially transferred from the primary loop to the secondary loop, but after the loss of pressure occurs, heat transfers from the secondary loop to the primary loop.
Main Generator Rotor Maintenance
Main generator rotors are constructed and designed to provide decades of reliable and trouble-free operation. However, a number of incidences have occurred over the years that can adversely impact reliable operation of generator rotors and, ultimately, production of electrical power. This report is a guide for power plant personnel responsible for reliable operation and maintenance of main generators. As a guide, this report provides knowledge and experience from generator experts working at power plants...
High-temperature and high-humidity response of the Eberline Model PRS-2 and the Eberline Model NRD neutron detector
The high-humidity and high-temperature response of the Eberline Model PRS-2 portable scaler-ratemeter and the Eberline Model NRD neutron detector was studied in an environmental chamber. The BF/sub 3/ probe used in the NRD detector was found to produce count rate surges at temperatures > 50/sup 0/C and at relative humidity > 50%. The PRS-2 scaler-ratemeter was found to be relatively insensitive to high temperatures and high humidity.
Time-Mean Response over the Tropical Pacific to Increased C02 in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model
The time-mean response over the tropical Pacific region to a quadrupling Of CO2 is investigated using a global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) rise by about 4°–5°C. The zonal ...
Thomas R. Knutson; Syukuro Manabe
ELSEVIER Journal of Nuclear Materials 244 (1997) 85-100 RACLETTE: a model for evaluating the thermal response of plasma
ELSEVIER Journal of Nuclear Materials 244 (1997) 85-100 RACLETTE: a model for evaluating the thermal response of plasma facing components to slow high power plasma transients. Part I: Theory, in the current engineering design phase of the International Ther- monuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER
Raffray, A. René
The Response of a Global Ocean General Circulation Model to Climatological Surface Boundary Conditions for Temperature and Salinity
The response of a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM) to different surface heat and freshwater fluxes is examined. The aim is to determine the most appropriate way to spin up an OGCM prior to coupling it with an atmospheric GCM. ...
Andrew M. Moore; Christopher J. C. Reason
Linking Work Design and Corporate Social Responsibility Through an Exploratory Model for the Interdependency of Work Characteristics and Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation
Driven by the demands of drastic changes in today's nature of work due to globalization and technological advances, researchers have continually revisited, redesigned, and restructured work design processes in a quest to identify the key characteristics that can result in desired organizational outcomes. Specifically, in current times, organizations are looking to develop socially responsible outcomes, otherwise referred as corporate social responsibility (CSR). A possible link between work design and CSR has been postulated by researchers, but few studies have emerged where the associations between work design and CSR factors are examined. The purpose of this study was to explore the link between work design and CSR using a work design-CSR conceptual model that was developed based on previous literature. The model depicted relationships between work design factors and CSR factors. Work design factors included work characteristics and worker characteristics. Work characteristics were measured using task, knowledge, social, and contextual characteristics; while worker characteristics were measured using personality traits. CSR Orientation (CSRO) was used as a reflective indicator of CSR at the individual level. The study sample consisted of 941 job incumbents of a public education institution in Texas. The data were collected using an online survey that included the work design questionnaire, the short Big Five Inventory, and the CSRO questionnaire. The model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling. Based on the results, a significant association between work characteristics and CSRO factors were obtained. As hypothesized, associations were found between task characteristics and profit CSRO, and between social characteristics and legal CSRO and philanthropic CSRO. The knowledge characteristics were found to have negative association to philanthropic CSRO. The findings also suggest that jobs that are high on problem solving and job autonomy had a negative association to philanthropic CSRO. Similarly, as the job complexity increased, individuals' orientation towards profit making decreased, and information processing was found to be linked to legal compliance. Research and practice implications of these results are discussed.
Kurup, Priya Darshini
Modeling of Damage, Permeability Changes and Pressure Responses during Excavation of the TSX Tunnel in Granitic Rock at URL, Canada
This paper presents numerical modeling of excavation-induced damage, permeability changes, and fluid-pressure responses during excavation of the TSX tunnel at the underground research laboratory (URL) in Canada. Four different numerical models were applied, using a wide range of approaches to model damage and permeability changes in the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) around the tunnel. Using in situ calibration of model parameters the modeling could reproduce observed spatial distribution of damage and permeability changes around the tunnel, as a combination of disturbance induced by stress redistribution around the tunnel and by the drill-and-blast operation. The modeling showed that stress-induced permeability increase above the tunnel is a result of micro and macrofracturing under high deviatoric (shear) stress, whereas permeability increases alongside the tunnel as a result of opening of existing microfractures under decreased mean stress. The remaining observed fracturing and permeability changes around the periphery of the tunnel were attributed to damage from the drill-and-blast operation. Moreover, a reasonably good agreement was achieved between simulated and observed excavation-induced pressure responses around the TSX tunnel for 1 year following its excavation. The simulations showed that these pressure responses are caused by poroelastic effects as a result of increasing or decreasing mean stress, with corresponding contraction or expansion of the pore volume. The simulation results for pressure evolution were consistent with previous studies, indicating that the observed pressure responses could be captured in a Biot model using a relatively low Biot-Willis coefficient, {alpha} {approx} 0.2, a porosity of n {approx} 0.007, and a relatively low permeability of k {approx} 2 x 10{sup -22} m{sup 2}, which is consistent with the very tight, unfractured granite at the site.
Rutqvist, Jonny; Borgesson, Lennart; Chijimatsu, Masakazu; Hernelind, Jan; Jing, Lanru; Kobayashi, Akira; Nguyen, Son
Modeling and Control System Design for an Integrated Solar Generation and Energy Storage System with a Ride-Through Capability: Preprint
This paper presents a generic approach for PV panel modeling. Data for this modeling can be easily obtained from manufacturer datasheet, which provides a convenient way for the researchers and engineers to investigate the PV integration issues. A two-stage power conversion system (PCS) is adopted in this paper for the PV generation system and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be connected to the dc-link through a bi-directional dc/dc converter. In this way, the BESS can provide some ancillary services which may be required in the high penetration PV generation scenario. In this paper, the fault ride-through (FRT) capability is specifically focused. The integrated BESS and PV generation system together with the associated control systems is modeled in PSCAD and Matlab platforms and the effectiveness of the controller is validated by the simulation results.
Wang, X.; Yue, M.; Muljadi, E.
We present YJHK photometry, or a subset, for the six Y dwarfs discovered in Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data by Cushing et al. The data were obtained using the Near-Infrared Imager on the Gemini North telescope; YJHK were obtained for WISEP J041022.71+150248.5, WISEP J173835.52+273258.9, and WISEPC J205628.90+145953.3; YJH for WISEPC J140518.40+553421.5 and WISEP J154151.65225025.2; and YJK for WISEP J182831.08+265037.8. We also present a far-red spectrum obtained using GMOS-North for WISEPC J205628.90+145953.3. We compare the data to Morley et al. models, which include cloud decks of sulfide and chloride condensates. We find that the models with these previously neglected clouds can reproduce the energy distributions of T9 to Y0 dwarfs quite well, other than near 5 {mu}m where the models are too bright. This is thought to be because the models do not include departures from chemical equilibrium caused by vertical mixing, which would enhance the abundance of CO and CO{sub 2}, decreasing the flux at 5 {mu}m. Vertical mixing also decreases the abundance of NH{sub 3}, which would otherwise have strong absorption features at 1.03 {mu}m and 1.52 {mu}m that are not seen in the Y0 WISEPC J205628.90+145953.3. We find that the five Y0 to Y0.5 dwarfs have 300 {approx}< T {sub eff} K {approx}< 450, 4.0 {approx}< log g {approx}< 4.5, and f {sub sed} Almost-Equal-To 3. These temperatures and gravities imply a mass range of 5-15 M {sub Jupiter} and ages around 5 Gyr. We suggest that WISEP J182831.08+265037.8 is a binary system, as this better explains its luminosity and color. We find that the data can be made consistent with observed trends, and generally consistent with the models, if the system is composed of a T {sub eff} Almost-Equal-To 325 K and log g {approx}< 4.5 primary, and a T {sub eff} Almost-Equal-To 300 K and log g {approx}> 4.0 secondary, corresponding to masses of 10 and 7 M {sub Jupiter} and an age around 2 Gyr. If our deconvolution is correct, then the T {sub eff} Almost-Equal-To 300 K cloud-free model fluxes at K and W2 are too faint by 0.5-1.0 mag. We will address this discrepancy in our next generation of models, which will incorporate water clouds and mixing.
Leggett, S. K. [Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720 (United States)] [Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720 (United States); Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, Jonathan J. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States)] [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States); Marley, M. S. [NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 (United States)] [NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 (United States); Saumon, D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States)] [Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Visscher, Channon, E-mail: email@example.com [Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302 (United States)] [Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302 (United States)
A Reexamination of the Mechanisms Responsible for Banded Precipitation
The processes responsible for a banded snowfall region during a December 1997 East Coast storm are examined. Conventional data plus a numerical simulation with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) are ...
John H. E. Clark; Richard P. James; Richard H. Grumm
The Response of an Ocean General Circulation Model to Surface Wind Stress Produced by an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
Two surface wind stress datasets for 1979–91, one based on observations and the other from an integration of the COLA atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with prescribed SST, are used to drive the GFDL ocean general circulation model. ...
Bohua Huang; Edwin K. Schneider
Real-time deferrable load control: handling the uncertainties of renewable generation
Real-time demand response is essential for handling the uncertainties of renewable generation. Traditionally, demand response has been focused on large industrial and commercial loads, however it is expected that a large number of small residential loads ... Keywords: deferrable load control, demand response, model predictive control, smart grid
Lingwen Gan, Adam Wierman, Ufuk Topcu, Niangjun Chen, Steven H. Low
Modeling, analysis, control and design application guidelines of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind power applications.
??Double Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) has been widely used for the past two decades in large wind farms. However, there are many open-ended problems yet… (more)
Masaud, Tarek
Importance of emergency response actions to reactor accidents within a probabilistic consequence assessment model
An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of early health consequences of severe accidents at nuclear power plants as a function of the emergency response parameters has been performed using a probabilistic consequence assessment code. The importance of various emergency response parameters in predicting the consequences for a range of accident source terms was determined through training a neural network algorithm which relates the sensitivity of the output to various choices of the input. Extensions of this approach should be helpful to planners in prioritizing the emergency responses at nuclear power plants.
Mubayi, V.; Neymotin, L.
Short-Term PV Generation System Direct Power Prediction Model on Wavelet Neural Network and Weather Type Clustering
With the increase of the capacity of PV generated systems, how to eliminate the problem caused by the randomness of power output for photovoltaic system becomes more significant. Most of the existing photovoltaic prediction is Based on the solar radiation. ... Keywords: PV generation system, Wavelet neural network, Weather type clustering, Direct prediction
Ying Yang, Lei Dong
A Bayesian Learning Model in the Agent-based Bilateral Negotiation between the Coal Producers and Electric Power Generators
The reform of China's coal sector has changed the traditional relationship of the coal producers and electric power generators, and now most of the coal the coal producers sell to the generators is transacted through electric coal bilateral contracts, ... Keywords: Electric price, Agent, Bayesian Learning
Mingwen Zhang; Zhongfu Tan; Jianbao Zhao; Li Li
Comparing the performance of neural networks developed by using Levenberg-Marquardt and Quasi-Newton with the gradient descent algorithm for modelling a multiple response grinding process
Monitoring and control of multiple process quality characteristics (responses) in grinding plays a critical role in precision parts manufacturing industries. Precise and accurate mathematical modelling of multiple response process behaviour holds the ... Keywords: Back propagation neural network, Gradient descent algorithm, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, Multiple response, Quasi-Newton algorithm
Indrajit Mukherjee; Srikanta Routroy
The Response of a Linear Model of the Tropical Pacific to Surface Winds from the NCAR General Circulation Model
An experiment in which surface wind stress data from the National Center for Atmospheric Research global circulation model (GCM) was used to drive a simple model of the tropical Pacific is described. First, a 15-year integration of the GCM was ...
Nicholas E. Graham; Tim P. Barnett; Vijay G. Panchang; Ole M. Smedstad; James J. O'Brien; Robert M. Chervin
Biomass for Electricity Generation - Table 3
Modeling and Analysis Papers> Biomass for Electricity Generation : Biomass for Electricity Generation. Table 3. Biomass Resources by Price: Quantities ...
Numerical Model Studies of the Winter-Storm Response of the West Florida Shelf
The wintertime, wind-driven Ocean circulation on the West Florida Continental Shelf is studied within the framework of a linearized storm-surge model. The model bathymetry incorporates a realistic shelf, extending from New Orleans to the southern ...
Ya Hsueh; G. O. Marmorino; Linda L. Vansant
Response of the NMC MRF Model to Systematic-Error Correction within Integration
We describe an extensive nudging (within-integration correction) experiment with a large and sophisticated atmospheric model. The model is an R30 version of the National Meteorological Center (NMC) T80 operational global medium-range forecast ...
Suranjana Saha
Constraints on Model Response to Greenhouse Gas Forcing and the Role of Subgrid-Scale Processes
A climate model emulator is developed using neural network techniques and trained with the data from the multithousand-member climateprediction.net perturbed physics GCM ensemble. The method recreates nonlinear interactions between model ...
Benjamin M. Sanderson; R. Knutti; T. Aina; C. Christensen; N. Faull; D. J. Frame; W. J. Ingram; C. Piani; D. A. Stainforth; D. A. Stone; M. R. Allen
Response of model simulated weather parameters to round-off-errors on different systems
In this study, the weather forecasting model of the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) is used for examining the characteristics of round-off-errors on three different computer architectures - PARAM 10K, SUNFIRE 6800 and Dec ... Keywords: Floating-point arithmetic, General Circulation Model (GCM), Iterative process, Model simulation, Round-off-errors, Spectral method
S. Goel; S. K. Dash
Application of Prony analysis to the determination of modal content and equivalent models for measured power system response
Prony analysis is an emerging methodology that extends Fourier analysis by directly estimating the frequency, damping, strength, and relative phase of the modal components present in a recorded signal. This paper extends earlier work that concentrated upon power system planning applications, for stability program outputs. In this paper results are presented for modal analysis and detailed model construction based upon response data obtained through large-scale tests of the western U.S. power system. BPA's optimal modeling program, SYSFIT, is used to supplement the measurements.
Hauer, J.F. (Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR (US))
Application for managing model-based material properties for simulation-based engineering
An application for generating a property set associated with a constitutive model of a material includes a first program module adapted to receive test data associated with the material and to extract loading conditions from the test data. A material model driver is adapted to receive the loading conditions and a property set and operable in response to the loading conditions and the property set to generate a model response for the material. A numerical optimization module is adapted to receive the test data and the model response and operable in response to the test data and the model response to generate the property set.
Hoffman, Edward L. (Alameda, CA)
DC Cancellation As a Method of Generating a t^2 Response and of Solving the Radial Nonobservability Problem in a Concentric Free-Falling Two-Sphere Equivalence-Principle Experiment in a Drag-Free Satellite
This paper solves two major problems which have blocked a free-fall Equivalence-Principle (EP) in a satellite for 25 years: a semimajor-axis error between the two proof masses cannot be distinguished from an EP violation and the response to an EP violation only grows as t not t^2. Using the cancellation method described in this paper, the nonobservability problem can be suppressed and a t^2 response can be generated which lasts between 10^4 and 10^6 seconds depending on the cancellation accuracy. t^2 response times between 10^5 and 10^6 seconds are equivalent to a very tall (0.1 to 10 AU) drop tower with a constant gravitational field of 3/7 ge.
Benjamin Lange
Wind-Generated Power Input to the Deep Ocean: An Estimate Using a 1/10° General Circulation Model
Recent studies on the wind-generated power input to the geostrophic and nongeostrophic ocean circulation components have used expressions derived from Ekman dynamics. The present work extends and unifies previous studies by deriving an expression ...
Jin-Song von Storch; Hideharu Sasaki; Jochem Marotzke
Modeling, control, and power management of a power electrical system including two distributed generators based on fuel cell and supercapacitor
This paper focuses on Distributed Generator (DG) integration in Power Electrical System (PES) for dispersed nodes. The main objective of the DG use can be classified into two aspects: a load following service and ancillary service systems. In this study
Analysis of Spontaneous Mass Generation by Iterative Method in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model and Gauge Theories
We propose a new iterative method to directly calculate the spontaneous mass generation due to the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. We can conclude the physical mass definitely without recourse to any other consideration like the free energy comparison.
Ken-Ichi Aoki; Shinnosuke Onai; Daisuke Sato
SASSYS-1 balance-of-plant component models for an integrated plant response
Models of power plant heat transfer components and rotating machinery have been added to the balance-of-plant model in the SASSYS-1 liquid metal reactor systems analysis code. This work is part of a continuing effort in plant network simulation based on the general mathematical models developed. The models described in this paper extend the scope of the balance-of-plant model to handle non-adiabatic conditions along flow paths. While the mass and momentum equations remain the same, the energy equation now contains a heat source term due to energy transfer across the flow boundary or to work done through a shaft. The heat source term is treated fully explicitly. In addition, the equation of state is rewritten in terms of the quality and separate parameters for each phase. The models are simple enough to run quickly, yet include sufficient detail of dominant plant component characteristics to provide accurate results. 5 refs., 16 figs., 2 tabs.
Ku, J.-Y.
Program on Technology Innovation: A Conceptual Framework for Modeling the Impact of CO2 Policy on Generator Cash Flows
Climate policy represents a fundamental uncertainty for electricity generating companies. Although many analyses are available, the timing and stringency of domestic climate policies are unknown and will likely be dependent upon the actions of other countries. The outcomes of these deliberations can dramatically change the return on generation investments. Today, many electric companies are actively considering substantial investments in new capacity. The technology choices these companies make and the f...
Mechanism and computational model for Lyman-{alpha}-radiation generation by high-intensity-laser four-wave mixing in Kr-Ar gas
We present a theoretical model combined with a computational study of a laser four-wave mixing process under optical discharge in which the non-steady-state four-wave amplitude equations are integrated with the kinetic equations of initial optical discharge and electron avalanche ionization in Kr-Ar gas. The model is validated by earlier experimental data showing strong inhibition of the generation of pulsed, tunable Lyman-{alpha} (Ly-{alpha}) radiation when using sum-difference frequency mixing of 212.6 nm and tunable infrared radiation (820-850 nm). The rigorous computational approach to the problem reveals the possibility and mechanism of strong auto-oscillations in sum-difference resonant Ly-{alpha} generation due to the combined effect of (i) 212.6-nm (2+1)-photon ionization producing initial electrons, followed by (ii) the electron avalanche dominated by 843-nm radiation, and (iii) the final breakdown of the phase matching condition. The model shows that the final efficiency of Ly-{alpha} radiation generation can achieve a value of {approx}5x10{sup -4} which is restricted by the total combined absorption of the fundamental and generated radiation.
Louchev, Oleg A.; Saito, Norihito; Wada, Satoshi [Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 (Japan); Bakule, Pavel [STFC, ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Yokoyama, Koji [Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 (Japan); Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Ishida, Katsuhiko; Iwasaki, Masahiko [Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
Degradation of Steam Generator Internals
Aug 1, 1999 ... Regulatory Perspective on Industry's Response to Generic Letter 97-06, " Degradation of Steam Generator Internals" by S. Coffin, M. Subudhi, ...
Modeling and Analysis of Price-Responsive Loads in the Operation of Smart Grids.
??In this thesis, a demand elasticity model is developed and tested for the dispatch of high voltage power systems and microgrids. The price obtained from… (more)
Ramos-Gaete, Felipe
ResPoNSe: modeling the wide variability of residential energy consumption.
affect appliance energy consumption. For example, differentStates, 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: HousingModeling of End-Use Energy Consumption in the Residential
Peffer, Therese; Burke, William; Auslander, David
Photopyroelectric thin?film instrumentation and impulse?response detection. Part I: A theoretical model
Thin?film pyroelectric effect detectors provide a simple means of measuring thermal properties of solid samples. The present work reports a time?delay theoreticalmodel of thin?film pyroelectric detection which enables the recovery of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity information from the impulse response of the pyroelectric system.
Joan F. Power; Andreas Mandelis
Switching response modeling of the CMOS inverter for sub-micron devices