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The Fifth Amendment, Encryption, and the Forgotten State Interest Dan Terzian 61 UCLA L. Rev. Disc. 298 Download Article: IntroductionEncrypted hard drives are virtually impenetrable, even to the government. That is by design—the whole point of encryption is to hide your data from those who should not see it. Yet sometimes, the government not only should be able to see your data, it has the right to see it. In enforcing criminal laws, the government has seized data in the form of paper documents for decades, if not centuries. Now, these documents are increasingly digital, lying in hard drives instead of filing cabinets. This digitization and encryption of documents complicates government seizures in criminal investigations. Even if the government legally seizes a hard drive, it may still be unable to access the drive's documents. The only way to obtain them may be through subpoenas for production of the drive's password or its decrypted data. But are these subpoenas constitutional? The Eleventh Circuit, the only federal appeals court answering this question, concluded negatively.1 The Fifth Amendment's Self Incrimination Clause (Fifth Amendment or privilege) bars this compulsion, that court held, absent a substantial showing that the government already knows exactly what's on the drive.2 This Essay advances the alternative conclusion—these subpoenas are constitutional—primarily for reasons not considered by the Eleventh Circuit. At its core, the Fifth Amendment seeks a fair balance between the state's interest and the individual's. The U.S. Supreme Court has repeatedly balanced in the state's favor and limited the privilege's scope where holding otherwise would render crimes almost impossible to prosecute. These consequences would attend a privilege protecting encrypted data, with criminal investigations derailed and previously discoverable information undiscoverable. So principally for this reason, the privilege should not protect against the compelled production of passwords or decrypted data. Courts ruling on this issue have not considered how fair balancing impacts doctrinal interpretation.3 Nor has the relevant scholarship done so.4 Instead, both courts and scholars often see Supreme Court dicta as controlling the question. This dicta says that strongbox keys can be constitutionally compelled, but safe combinations cannot.5 The Eleventh Circuit followed this dicta and extended it. It found passwords more like safe combinations than keys and therefore held that neither their production nor the production of decrypted data can be compelled.6 Passwords should not be forced into this key-combination dichotomy. They are neither a key nor a combination, and Court doctrine suggests the dichotomy should not be mechanically applied to new unlocking mechanisms. The dichotomy developed because keys and combinations have different Fifth Amendment implications—only combinations present the danger of compelling the creation of evidence. So it follows that new unlocking mechanisms with new implications should also be treated differently. Passwords for encrypted data present new implications in interest balancing and therefore should be treated differently. First, consider the interest balancing with safe combinations. There, a fair state-individual balance favors the individual—and compelled production is prohibited—because there is little state need; law enforcement can easily crack a safe through its own efforts. Contrast that with passwords. Law enforcement usually cannot bypass them, leaving the data inaccessible and creating great need for the password or decrypted data's production. This Essay limits its focus to considering how the Fifth Amendment's fair balancing aim affects doctrinal interpretation. Beyond its scope is the argument—since rejected by the Eleventh Circuit7—that the compelled production of decrypted data is constitutional, but the compelled production of a password is not.8 To the extent this distinction remains persuasive, this Essay seeks only to provide further support for adopting it. Part I of this Essay provides an introduction to encryption technology and its effect on law enforcement investigations. Part II then explains the Supreme Court's Fifth Amendment doctrine, and Part III argues that a fair balance requires permitting the compelled production of decrypted data. I. Encryption TechnologyEncryption is "the process of concealing information."9 It transforms consumable information (or data) "into a coded form" that is unintelligible to persons without the encryption key or password unless those persons crack the encryption.10 But assuming a strong password is used, cracking encryption is not realistically possible.11 Thus, "[p]ractically speaking, encryption today is impenetrable insofar as it cannot be bypassed by available means within a reasonable amount of time."12 Encryption software is freely available13 and easy to use.14 Coupled with this mass availability, anecdotal data suggests that more people are encrypting data with strong passwords. Consider federal and state wiretaps. The latest wiretap report, for the year 2012, indicates this was the first year jurisdictions reported not being able to crack encryption, with this failure occurring in four wiretaps.15 (Unfortunately, the report was unclear on whether this actually occurred in 2012 or instead occurred earlier and just reported in 2012.16) Other data indicates that commercial use of encryption is also increasing. One study found that 27 percent of surveyed corporations extensively used encryption in 2012, nearly a 70 percent increase over 2005 numbers.17 Finally, the increasing number of cases on the Fifth Amendment and Encryption—from zero to at least seven since 200718—itself suggests that more people are encrypting their data. II. Fifth Amendment DoctrineThe Fifth Amendment provides that "[n]o person . . . shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself."19 Where applicable, it grants a person the privilege against self-incrimination, thus limiting the government's ability to obtain evidence.20 The Amendment applies where three elements are met: "(1) compulsion, (2) a testimonial communication or act, and (3) incrimination."21 The focus here—both in practice and in this Essay—is the communication's testimonial qualities; there is little question that a contested subpoena involves compulsion and incriminating documents.22 A communication or act can be testimonial in two ways: based on any implied communication it conveys and based on its cognitive content. Implied communications arise from the process of producing documents. For example, every response to a subpoena contains the implied communications that the respondent possesses or controls the produced documents, that the documents are authentic, and that she believes them responsive to the subpoena.23 These three implied communications alone can be testimonial.24 But even if they are, the government can still compel production when it grants act of production immunity to the respondent. This "immuniz[es] the testimonial component of the act"—the government cannot use the act of producing a document to prove possession of that document—but still permits the government to use the substance of the documents produced.25 Because act of production immunity is available, this Essay focuses not on implied communications but on a communication's cognitive content. Communications can also be testimonial based on their cognitive content. Communications requiring extensive mental use are testimonial, and those requiring little are not.26 Many compelled acts—the taking of blood, handwriting, and voice samples, for example—do not require meaningful mental use, so they are not testimonial.27 The same analysis applies to the production of documents, with the court examining the mental effort needed to compile and produce them. If response requires the "respondent to make extensive use of 'the contents of his own mind,'" producing those documents is testimonial.28 Such extensive use has been held to occur, for example, where the respondent must search eleven broad categories of documents to identify over 13,000 responsive pages.29 The Supreme Court has applied this testimonial framework to other areas as well. Relevant here, the Court applied it to unlocking mechanisms similar to passwords—strongbox keys and safe combinations. In dicta, it declared that "being forced to surrender a key to a strongbox" is not testimonial, but "being compelled to reveal the combination to [a] wall safe" is.30 No rationale was provided. Nor is one immediately obvious. Both acts involve essentially the same trivial amount of thought, and the distinction leads to apparently arbitrary results: A safe key can be compelled, but a safe combination cannot; a fingerprint that unlocks an iPhone can be compelled, but an iPhone's numeric password cannot.31 The best rationale for this distinction is that it presents a third way communications can be testimonial, one not based on cognition or implied communications but on another Fifth Amendment interest: concern over the compelled creation of documents.32 The Court has indicated that such compulsion is more likely to yield a testimonial response.33 Thus, the analyses for keys and combinations diverge. Strongbox keys always exist in the physical world, so a subpoena for the key involves only its production. But this is not so with a safe combination. It may exist only in one's mind, and producing it would require first creating a physical document.34 With encryption and passwords, courts' analyses gravitate to the key-combination dichotomy.35 Take the Eleventh Circuit's recent decision in In re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Dated March 25, 2011.36 That court addressed the question of whether the Fifth Amendment bars the compelled decryption and production of the now-unencrypted data. It held affirmatively and explicitly framed the issue within this dichotomy, finding compelled decryption "most certainly more akin to requiring the production of a combination."37 This reasoning ignores a pivotal prefatory question: Do passwords even belong in this dichotomy? A computer password is not a safe combination. Sure, they are similar, but that does not mean they must be treated the same. Combinations and keys are similar—both unlock safes—yet they are treated differently because only the former implicates compelled creation concerns. It follows, then, that courts should treat passwords and combinations differently if they have meaningfully different Fifth Amendment implications. And they do. Passwords and encrypted data implicate fair balancing concerns that support permitting compelled production, while combinations do not. III. Balancing InterestsThe Supreme Court has recognized seven "fundamental values" underlying the Fifth Amendment. They are: [(1)] our unwillingness to subject those suspected of crime to the cruel trilemma of self-accusation, perjury or contempt; [(2)] our preference for an accusatorial rather than an inquisitorial system of criminal justice; [(3)] our fear that self-incriminating statements will be elicited by inhumane treatment and abuses; [(4)] our sense of fair play which dictates a fair state-individual balance by requiring the government to leave the individual alone until good cause is shown for disturbing him and by requiring the government in its contest with the individual to shoulder the entire load[]; [(5)] our respect for the inviolability of the human personality and of the right of each individual to a private enclave where he may lead a private life[]; [(6)] our distrust of self-deprecatory statements; and [(7)] our realization that the privilege, while sometimes a shelter to the guilty, is often a protection to the innocent.38
Six of these seven values do not meaningfully affect the analysis here. Privacy is no longer a Fifth Amendment value.39 As for the other five, they are not absolutes; they are only strong preferences for not permitting compulsion. We have "unwillingness" to subject the accused to a cruel trilemma; we "prefer[] . . . an accusatorial" system over an inquisitorial one; we "fear that self-incriminating statements" were the products of abuse; and we "distrust" those statements. Forming the Fifth Amendment's core value, then, is its aim to achieve a fair state-individual balance. Where there is a real societal need to limit the privilege, the Court has repeatedly permitted compulsion upon the defendant.40 Already the law permits compelling defendants to "produc[e] incriminating documents, giv[e] pretrial notice of defenses and of the evidence used to support them, provid[e] copies of defense investigative reports, and suppl[y] all forms of nontestimonial evidence,"41 such as blood,42 voice,43 and fingerprint44 samples.45 While none of these compulsions force the accused to "take the stand and testify as a witness," they do "in other ways . . . treat him like a witness to be observed by the jury."46 This fair balancing aim often serves as a jurisprudential lodestar when the Court decides questions of the Amendment's scope. Recognizing this explicitly are a plurality opinion by Chief Justice Burger and a decision by Chief Justice Rehnquist, writing in his capacity as Circuit Justice. Both say that these questions "must be resolved in terms of balancing the public need on the one hand, and the individual claim to constitutional protections on the other."47 Balancing appears throughout Fifth Amendment doctrine. The Supreme Court balanced interests in Miranda v. Arizona,48 holding that the state's interest in custodial interrogation without providing a rights advisal could not overcome the accused's interests in "individual liberty" and having a "full opportunity to exercise the privilege."49 Nearly two decades later, the Court balanced again, but this time tilting in the state's favor. Where public safety is at stake, "the need for answers . . . outweighs the need for the prophylactic rule protecting the Fifth Amendment's privilege against self-incrimination."50 The balancing again favored the state when the Court considered what effect a belated Miranda-rights advisal had on a confession occurring after that advisory. In holding the confession still admissible, the Court reasoned that ruling otherwise would yield a "high cost to legitimate law enforcement activity, while adding little desirable protection to the individual's interest in not being compelled to testify against himself."51 In a similar vein, a plurality of the Court this past term required that a defendant expressly invoke the privilege, because permitting silent invocations "would needlessly burden the Government's interest in obtaining testimony and prosecuting criminal activity."52 Two more recent examples cement the prevalence of balancing. A 2002 plurality opinion by Justice Kennedy balances the state's interest in running a prison—"an inordinately difficult undertaking"—against an inmate's interest in the privilege, and the state's interest prevailed.53 Then there is Kansas v. Cheever.54 There the Court found the privilege not violated where the government introduces "evidence from a court-ordered mental evaluation of a criminal defendant to rebut that defendant's presentation of expert testimony in support" of his defense.55 The Court reached this conclusion partly through balancing. The court ordered evaluation is "the only effective means of challenging [the defendant's] evidence."56 And the government's interest in the pursuit of justice "prevail[s] in the balance of considerations determining the scope and limits of the privilege against self-incrimination."57 A final example of balancing occurs in Kastigar v. United States.58 There, the Court considered what type of immunity the Fifth Amendment requires—transactional immunity (an absolute immunity) or instead just "use and derivative use"—for witnesses who assert the privilege when compelled to testify before a grand jury.59 The Court concluded that transactional immunity is not required, in part because requiring it would effectively grant "amnesty," and "[t]here can be no justification in reason or policy for holding that the Constitution requires [such] a[] . . . grant."60 In other words, the state's interest in prosecution won yet again. Now, none of this means that fair balancing displaces the doctrinal framework. No case holds that. But these cases do demonstrate that the Court often considers fair balancing. And this balancing influences the Court to interpret doctrine in a manner permitting compulsion where doing otherwise would make a crime "difficult . . . [or] almost impossible[] to prosecute."61 That is precisely what will happen as use of encryption continues to proliferate: It will be unfairly difficult to prosecute crimes if the government cannot obtain the encrypted hard drive's password or its decrypted data. Suspects will be able to place encrypted "data beyond the reach of law enforcement," which may "shut the door on effective prosecution."62 This data is information that law enforcement could previously obtain through its own skill but now no longer can.63 Loss of this information could be devastating, as "computers have become an increasingly important source of evidence," and searching them is more and more "an essential step in the investigation."64 In turn, a fair balance requires giving the state additional latitude in confronting these technological roadblocks.65 This incredible state need for compulsion makes Supreme Court dicta on safe combinations unpersuasive in this context. With safe combinations, the government does not need to compel the combination's production to access the safe's contents. It can realistically crack the safe on its own.66 Thus, the balancing favors the accused because there is no real state interest in compelling production. * * * Let's review this Essay's main points so far. The Supreme Court often seeks a fair state-individual balance when interpreting the Fifth Amendment. This may even be why the Court developed the key-combination dichotomy: It would be unfair to force the accused to create evidence against himself (by memorializing the combination) when the state can easily crack the safe on its own. The same cannot be said of encrypted hard drives. The government cannot realistically crack them, so it has a significant interest in compelling the decrypted data's production. These principles serve as guideposts in interpreting Fifth Amendment doctrine. If the doctrine can be interpreted in a manner both permitting compulsion and avoiding compelled creation, courts should adopt that interpretation. This interpretation is possible.67 Producing documents may be compelled where it requires little mental cognition, which is why the government can compel the production of keys. Compelling a key's production comprises three acts, only one of which cognitive: remembering the key's location, retrieving it, and producing it. Producing a decrypted hard drive involves essentially the same acts and cognition: remembering the password, entering it, and producing the decrypted drive. Note that the immediate results of these two productions differ; one produces the key to the storage device, the other the unlocked device itself. This difference should not matter. The results are functionally the same, with the state obtaining the device's contents either way.68 This is not how the Eleventh Circuit analyzed the issue. That court found the mental cognition from producing decrypted data more demanding because it is "more akin to requiring the production of a combination."69 But this rationale proves too much. The reason combinations cannot be compulsively produced is not because of cognitive concerns but because of compelled creation concerns. So the similarities between compelling the production of combinations and of passwords are immaterial to analyzing the cognitive efforts. The conclusion that courts should allow the compelled production of decrypted data carries a caveat. So far, this Essay has assumed there will always be a real state need for compelling this production. But sometimes there will not be. Occasionally, the password may be realistically obtained through means that do not touch on the Fifth Amendment. Maybe a simple password can be easily cracked;70 maybe the password is written somewhere and easily found; maybe even others know the password and they readily produce it.71 The point is that sometimes reasonable investigatory effort will yield the password without requiring compulsion upon the defendant. Interest balancing must vary with the effort required to obtain the password through investigatory means. With passwords discoverable through minimal or reasonable effort, the state's interest in compelled production is little to none. Contrast that with passwords that are not discoverable, reasonably or otherwise, where the state's need for compulsion remains incredible. If we take interest balancing seriously and use it to favor doctrinal interpretations permitting compulsion, as this Essay does, then we should also consider what happens where there is little state need for compulsion. One option is that the result remains the same—the decrypted data can still be compelled—on the same grounds already highlighted. Because fair balancing was only a reason for adopting that interpretation, it does not necessarily add fair balancing to the testimonial calculus. Alternatively, courts could explicitly incorporate interest balancing into the calculus. So the decrypted data could be compelled only if there is a significant state need for compulsion. Drawing this line in practice would not be difficult. Imagine the government subpoenas the accused for the production of decrypted data and the accused moves to quash on Fifth Amendment grounds. Under this approach, the motion would be denied if the government shows it could not realistically obtain the data through investigatory effort. This procedure would not be uncommon, as similar iterations exist elsewhere in criminal procedure. Obtaining a search warrant, for example, requires the government first show the existence of probable cause,72 and a later determination that cause was deficient may result in excluding any evidence obtained under the warrant.73 ConclusionSo far, analysis of the Fifth Amendment's application to encrypted data has largely been limited to whether passwords are more like combinations than keys. This dichotomy is faulty and the analysis incomplete. Passwords are not like combinations: Only passwords make their contents effectively impenetrable to law enforcement. This impenetrability creates a significant state interest in permitting compelled production, and achieving a fair balance of interests often requires permitting that compulsion. Courts should therefore allow this compulsion on fair balancing grounds. Or in the very least, they should consider the state's heightened interest when ruling on this issue.
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RAD's Asian Flavors Cookbook
(10 Recipes) Created by RAD062010
Recipes in this Collection
Very Good 4.1/5
(21 ratings)
Miso is a fermented bean/grain paste that originated in Asia. Always add your miso just before removing the soup from the heat. Carbs: 7.7g | Fat: 3.8g | Fiber: 2.2g | Protein: 7.3g | Calories: 86.3
Incredible! 5.0/5
(2 ratings)
found this one in O magazine and its still totally nutritious without the chicken! Submitted by THEELEVENTHHOUR Carbs: 18g | Fat: 4.4g | Fiber: 2.7g | Protein: 14.2g | Calories: 164.9
Incredible! 5.0/5
(1 rating)
Vegetarian Miso Soupo Submitted by JENNA2007CANADA Carbs: 20.6g | Fat: 0.3g | Fiber: 3g | Protein: 2.2g | Calories: 79.2
When I was growing up my dad always made me a hearty miso soup for breakfast, usually with whatever vegetables we had on hand. He would also sometimes add rice or rice noodles to the soup and left-over rice or noodles. It was very comforting having soup for breakfast, especially on a cold snowy winter day in the Colorado mountains. It did not occur to me until later that it was unusual to have miso soup for breakfast compared to the typical American fare my friends were used to. My dad picked up the recipe from his Chinese language and martial arts teachers who swore by its health properties. Submitted by RAINSPARK Carbs: 22.2g | Fat: 6.1g | Fiber: 5.8g | Protein: 9.8g | Calories: 141.7
(no ratings)
Very simple, lower sodium miso soup Submitted by JAB0929 Carbs: 6.7g | Fat: 1.9g | Fiber: 0.6g | Protein: 3.6g | Calories: 45.9
(no ratings)
Submitted by MANDAHOP Carbs: 9.1g | Fat: 3.4g | Fiber: 2.9g | Protein: 7.1g | Calories: 65.5
(no ratings)
From the "Moosewood Cooks at Home" cookbook. Low cal and delicious. Submitted by LUCILLECLIFTON Carbs: 11.5g | Fat: 3.7g | Fiber: 2.1g | Protein: 8g | Calories: 106.5
(no ratings)
A delicious vegan substitute for chicken noodle soup. Submitted by CARLASKIS Carbs: 23.5g | Fat: 5g | Fiber: 3.1g | Protein: 11.7g | Calories: 182.3
(no ratings)
This is not the traditional way to make miso soup, but it is a great way to get more nutrients into your diet. Submitted by NETTIE15 Carbs: 15.2g | Fat: 1.6g | Fiber: 3.4g | Protein: 7.2g | Calories: 87.8
(no ratings)
Thai version of chicken noodle soup.... Submitted by RAD062010 Carbs: 108g | Fat: 14.1g | Fiber: 9.2g | Protein: 38.5g | Calories: 730.8


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Related Models For Sale
Other Years
BMW 5 Series For Sale
1999 BMW 5 Series Trims For Sale
1999 BMW 5 Series Review Ratings
Average Ratings from 27 reviews
- Performance: 4.5 / 5
- Appearance: 4.4 / 5
- Build Quality: 4.6 / 5
- Overall: 4.4 / 5
Review Highlights Click to filter reviews below
User Reviews
Displaying 1 - 10 of 27 1999 BMW 5 Series reviews.
1999 BMW 5 Series 528i
ProsAnother big, heavy, luxo-cruiser from Germany. Had every option available in 1999 and probably a few I hadn't found. These cars are simply amazing. Don't forget to use premium fuel. ConsExpensive to buy, own, and maintain. Do your maintenance because you don't want to break down in the middle of nowhere. Not every mechanic knows how to work on these and you can really mess things up if you don't know what you are doing.
Solid German Quality At A Premium Price. — These big BMWs are really a joy to drive. You can go 500 miles in one and feel relaxed and refreshed when you get there. And you'll get there quickly because they cruise fast all day long. And it's a first class flight all the way. The 5 is no way as nimble as my old 1986 325 but as far as luxury, it is in a whole different league. Oh, and as far as styling...I prefer the older 5s over today's version. In fact, I hate to say it but I am not a big fan of a lot of the newer BMWs when it comes to the way they look. That's a personal matter of taste and it does not reflect on how excellent these cars are. All in all, I am proud to have owned one of these big cruisers. Primary Use: Family transportation
Looking for a Used 5 Series in your area?
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starting at $1,500.
1999 BMW 5 Series 540i
Pros-The comfort, practicality, and features of a luxury sedan, with the power, handling, and driving experience of a sports car. Cons-Makes any other car you drive feel inferior.
I Guarantee You Will Never Regret Buying This Car. — This car was made for the driver that must have it all. It's a true luxury sports car that makes no compromises in either luxury or performance. You get the quietness, comfort, and refinement of a 5-series along with a brutal 315hp V8 and the track-tuned suspension from an M5. The cabin is absolutely silent below 30mph, and at higher speeds there is only minor audible intrusion from the wind and the pavement. Road noise can be annoyingly noticeable on rougher roads, though. The BMW premium stereo provides deep, warm bass and crystal clear mids and highs. It exhibits no distortion even at relatively high volumes. Thanks to the balanced suspension sourced from the M5 (BMW's top-of-the-line sports sedan), this machine corners flat at any speed, right up to the limit of grip. The excellent Dynamic Stability Control works so well it appears to bend the laws of physics. It's a proprietary BMW system which combines traction control, stability control, and anti-lock braking to keep you planted on the road even when you should be tumbling end-over-end into a tree. And unbelievably, it doesn't interfere with driving the car the way you want to drive it. Steering feedback is diminished by the generous power assist, but it's enough to give the driver confidence in the bends. This car is truly a two-faced beast. Cruising at 65 on the freeway it's an enclave of tranquility, with the engine turning at under 2000rpm in 6th gear. But when the need for an overtake suddenly arises, just slam the shifter into 4th, match the revs, drop the clutch and the car surges to 85mph in an instant. If you decide that you must have one (which I guarantee you will after your test drive), expect to pay $7,000 to $8,000 for an example in excellent condition from a private seller, or $8,000 to $9,000 at a dealership. But be prepared for the high cost of ownership—when the time comes for a major repair, you'll find that BMW parts are far from cheap. Even the oil is $9 per liter, and power steering fluid is $22 a liter. The rapid depreciation may have lowered the cost of entry to owning a high-class German automobile, but the maintenance is just as expensive as the day the car rolled off the lot. The price of parts is still proportional to the original MSRP of around $60,000. You will spend about $1,200 to $3,600 a year on routine and preventative maintenance, depending on the condition and age of the vehicle. Fight the temptation to purchase a much cheaper example with known issues or a poor service history. If you do, I recommend setting aside another $6,000 for returning the car to showroom condition. One final tidbit of advice: if you make the decision to put an E39 in your driveway, you should do your best to combat the stereotype of BMW drivers as stuck-up pricks. This is exactly the kind of car you'll want to brag about to your friends, but by all means DON'T. You'll come off as snobby and they'll leave you for someone who drives a Honda. Bottom line: If you can afford the maintenance and are willing to give up talking to people about your car, this machine could be the best purchase you'll ever make. Primary Use: Sport/fun (spirited driving, track racing, off-roading, etc.) |
1999 BMW 5 Series 540i
Prosthe looks the power, handling Consgas mileage
Cool Car If You Can Afford The Petrol — the 4.4 ltr v8 has all the power you need its close to 300 bhp would hit the limited 155 mph easy the massive 265 rear tires had trouble with grip even in the dry without the tc on acceleration was relentless all the way up past a 100 the gearbox was a dream you just put it in drive around town then change it to sport mode on duel carriageways or if you really want some fun put in semi auto to get the most out of that v8 motor . i did need to do a few repairs to it brake disks and front shockers which i was told is a common problem i think its the weight of the v8 . the car is well put together inside and out loved the overall color and look of the car the wheels i think just set it off .the price of the car wasnt that bad it was about 600 pounds more than say a 525 at the time the insurance was ok only because i had full no claims bonus and i was over 30 when i had it petrol was another matter though around town i would be lucky to get 18 mpg on a run was a bit better as long as i kept it to 70 mph i would get about 30 35 mpg according to the trip computer. but it was so much fun to drive could really get your heart pumping Primary Use: Sport/fun (spirited driving, track racing, off-roading, etc.) |
1999 BMW 5 Series 528i Wagon
ProsWrth fixing one up to be a daily driver. ConsThe seats do wear.
Fun For The Soccer Mom's. — This is a great car. I have close to 220,000 miles on the car now and now signs of the car slowing down any time soon. I have had to do some bigger jobs but it wasn't anything that wasnt time to be done, on a 10 year old car with 220k miles on it, over all this has been a great car with loads of opptions that work after 10 years. Primary Use: Commuting to work |
1999 BMW 5 Series 528i
Prosthe drive ConsTAX
It Rocks — coolIntroduced in Europe in 1995, the complete vehicle redesign draws heavily from the E38 7 Series in body construction and electronic technology. The mid-level BMW saloon showed evolutionary styling changes rather than a dramatic redesign. Initially offered only as a saloon, the wheelbase grew by 68 millimetres (2.7 in) and overall length by 55 millimetres (2.2 in) over the previous 5-series, the E34. In the US, the new 5 Series came in two forms: the 528i and 540i. The 1996 528i introduced a new M52 in-line six that it shared with the E36 328i, the 540i a 4.4 litre M62 V8 shared with the E38 740i. Both engines were upgraded over the prior 5 Series generation. The 2.8 litre dual overhead camshaft six-cylinder engine made 141 kilowatts (190 hp), versus 210 kilowatts (282 hp) for the 4.4 litre dual overhead camshaft, all-aluminum V8. A ZF five-speed manual transmission without overdrive was standard on the 528i, with an optional A4S 310 R four-speed automatic. The 540i, in contrast, could have either a Getrag six-speed manual or a new five-speed A5S 560Z automatic transmission with adaptive transmission control. Standard equipment on both models included dual front and side airbags, anti-lock brakes, traction control, power steering, and air conditioning. Primary Use: Commuting to work |
1999 BMW 5 Series 528i
ProsLook, performance, stability, toughness Consconsumption
Bmw 5323i — Great performance, speed rush, high quality and reliability, excellent stability and behaviour on the road, appealing look and aggressive lights, although high consumption and costly maintenance expenses. Too bad that it is too stable and drift is almost impossible unless the ASD is manually removed. Comfortable and yet very sporty |
1999 BMW 5 Series
ProsLook, performance ConsConsumption
My Bmw E39 — I like the agressive look and the performance, I dislike the appetite for fuel, very comfortable and yet sporty. Great handling and stability, impressive feeling of train on tracks. Good shape of all the general aspect, I don't feel that I get tired of looking at it. I really enjoy driving it |
1999 BMW 5 Series 528i
ProsPerformance & Looks ConsMaintenance, Gas (Must be PREMIUM at all time) & Its a Rear-Wheel Drive
Great ! — When I first bought this car, I absolutely loved it ! Had this car for 2 years now and everyday my daughter is getting bigger and older and we need space when we're traveling or commuting. But everytime we travel from here and there, It felt like I burn so much gas and its sensitive too. The Gas cap has to be tightly sealed at all time or else the Check Engine light is on and cant put regular gas neither. BMW is ALWAYS gonna be a GREAT product, But as far as for the maintence, Its killing me here... Primary Use: Commuting to work |
1999 BMW 5 Series 528i
ProsFun factor,timeless design, still looks great after so many years Consmaintenance
Great Car,fun To Drive But Of Course You Gotta Pay To Play — performance-great,smooth but a bit underpowered but will definitly get the job done braking-brakes are great but havent gotten new pads and rotors so i can only imagine handling-this where the car really shines, considering my car is the sport model i have upgraded suspension and a great feeling M5 steering wheel build quality- its a german nuff said apperance-exterior- its looks great,its a timeless design that i believe will never grow old i absolutly love the color of mine also,its callled Anthracite which is a mix betwen green and steel grey, in terms of interior its great looking also, i have ebony leather with wood grain, great supporting sport seats which driver and passenger are full power also,power everything,sun roof,dual climate a/c, 6 disk changer, all of these things on a 99 cost of ownership- roughly $55 to fill up from empty, and i can do about 440 miles on a 20 gallon tank. so not terrible but nothing too amazing.. Maintenance- this where the car in all honesty blows, this car is gonna nickel and dime me to to death. a plastic cooling system which includes the radiator,thermostat housing and the impellor on the water pump..really BMW? fun factor- another spot where this vehicle shines, its looks great enough to be able to pull up to a nice restaurants valet with confidence or to go throw around some nice twisties in the canyon Primary Use: Commuting to work |
1999 BMW 5 Series 540i
ProsPOWER!! Takes all your gear and the smoothest ride ever. ConsRepairs are MURDER! Expect $2-3000 a year if you get one like ours.
Best Car We've Ever Owned But Most Expensive One As Well! — Greatest car we have ever owned. SO much power. That V8 would haul ass like nobody's business. The fact that it was a station wagon made it practical but the monster V8 made it fun as hell. Beautiful (to a station wagon lover). Primary Use: Family transportation |
Displaying 1 - 10 of 27 1999 BMW 5 Series reviews.
Reviews From Other Years
2014 BMW 5 Series Reviews
A Pleasure To Drive By Joeadp
awesome drive with all the bells nd whistles...takes about a week to get comfortable with bmw idrive.......seems intuitive after a week. great gas mileage n added bonus for a car this size. love the... Read More
2013 BMW 5 Series Reviews
Awesome 2013 Bmw 550x Drive With M Sport Package By Tricia
Love this car. Very fast and sporty looking but also very safe. Sound system is great too, and the navigation works well. Haven't had any major problems with the car and the BMW warranty that comes wi... Read More
Perfect Marriage Of Luxury And Performance By ajlatsko
I absolutely love my 550i. On the outside it looks like a sexy beast, and once you step on the accelerator, your impression is confirmed. This is the absolute best car I've ever driven, and I'm in the... Read More
2012 BMW 5 Series Reviews
Nice Appearance. By stonebay124
Not what I expected the vehicle to be.Though attractive in appearance, handling is more of a performance vehicle than a performance/leisure vehicle. Though brand in name is fine, in the future I thin... Read More
Great Vehicle! By Country860
It is a great vehicle and very comfortable and reliable. The 4 cylinder is great on gas but could have a little more pickup power. All the options on the car are great. Plenty of power once you are up... Read More
2011 BMW 5 Series Reviews
Awesome 4 Door Rocket By jcbuncc
BMW quality, maintenance included and warranty is great. AWD is great. Comfortable ride. Plenty of room for most families. Tight with 2 cars seats and lots of kids stuff though. Gas mileage is gr... Read More
Excellent Car By eamin1
loved the luxury and comfort in the car. Starting 2011, BMW focused more on bringing whats in the 7 series down the 5 series, vs before, were they were focusing on expanding the luxury of the 3 series... Read More
2010 BMW 5 Series Reviews
A Sporty Sleeper In Disguise By Longtimer
Tight as a drum, reliable, fun to drive easy or hard, corners like it is on rails - and of course, monumental German engineering through and through, this baby is fun as heck to drive and use as a dai... Read More
Love This Car By tjohannesson
Love the car, great engine, don't need to worry about the turbo, or injectors it just runs smooth, keep up the maintenance and never have any issues. It is a great car, the only downside I would say i... Read More
People researching a 1999 BMW 5 Series contacted a dealer about
30% of the time
BMW 3 Series
14% of the time
BMW 7 Series
5% of the time
Honda Accord
3% of the time


text: Baseball opens practice on Tuesday1/19/2015 - BEAUMONT, Texas - With their eyes always on the development of college baseball players, Lamar baseball head coach Jim Gilligan and staff announced practice times for their first week of training for another Southland Conference championship run... [+] Lamar Athletes Reach Out to Community During the Holidays12/10/2014 - Lamar's student-athletes have taken time away from their busy schedules on the field of competition and in the classroom, to focus on Beaumont and the Golden Triangle. That focus has been directed to the community's less fortunate during the... [+] Lamar baseball to host Holiday Camp12/2/2014 - Head Coach Jim Gilligan and the Lamar baseball program will be hosting the 2014 Holiday Camp slated to start the morning of Dec. 13 at 11 o'clock with hitting instruction before the pitching session starts at 2 o'clock. [+] Baseball announces five signees for 201611/20/2014 - Head coach Jim Gilligan and the Lamar baseball staff signed five players (three position players, two pitchers), all that could play crucial roles early in their careers, announced the staff on Thursday. [+] Baseball releases 2015 slate10/28/2014 - A slate of 30 games at Vincent-Beck Stadium along with 10 contests against 2014 NCAA Regional teams highlight the 2015 baseball schedule announced by head coach Jim Gillian and the Lamar baseball staff on Tuesday. [+] Baseball edged by Rice10/19/2014 - Kevin Santana and Brandon Provost had three hits apiece for Lamar in a 12-10 loss to Rice in an exhibition baseball game Saturday. [+]


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Recent Comments:
All the World's a Stage: Sacrificing spells for the story {WoW}
Aug 12th 2008 1:15PM I wouldn't say Belfs shouldn't be horde from a lore perspective. I would say that it really felt like the visual design was intended specifically to balance populations for the factions. That was so inherently disappointing to me that I could never play one or take them seriously.
Officers' Quarters: My pre-Wrath wish list {WoW}
Aug 12th 2008 12:11PM I honestly think the Add-ons that solve most of these problems are better than what Blizzard could implement anyway. Just look at the voip. Everyone i know still uses vent, which they have to PAY for, because the Blizzard system is just nowhere near as useful. Add-ons are constantly refreshed and adjusted by people with a vested interest. Blizz feature additions are a side project that could be energy spent on new features instead of replacement features. They are put in, and rarely given even a slight re-working after they go live.
In short, unless there is a serious need for a new feature to improve functionality (Guild Banks), I would just assume not see blizz fixing something that isn't broken.
Forum post of the day: Broken records incoming {WoW}
Aug 12th 2008 11:30AM I'm just angry because my group of friends recently recruited 3 new players about 3 weeks before they started this program! Now they are in the doldroms of the 40s-50s, and have to watch other people race by unless they want to buy new accounts.
Forum post of the day: Broken records incoming {WoW}
Aug 12th 2008 11:27AM Charles Ton, your math is way off. 5 weeks X 7 Days X 2 hours is 70 hours, or 2 Days and 22 hours.
Breakfast Topic: Does the levity mess up the lore? {WoW}
Aug 12th 2008 11:21AM I come from a family of hunters, some for meat and some for sport. I see a lot of honor in both, one is a source of food and a relationship with animals as a precious resource. The other (in its honorable form) seeks to find the most impressive example of a species and actually challenge ones self in its capture. People who shoot endangered species from helicopters are just losers with a lot of money, and bear no resemblance to hunters.
All that said, I find both Nesingwary and DHETA trite. They are not funny OR interesting as commentary.
Totem Talk: How will you grow? {WoW}
Aug 4th 2008 4:24PM Every theorycrafter who is way better at damage math than myself has already debunked the nonsense that mental dex and mental quickness will actually be a worthwhile investment for an elemental shaman.
Alterac Valley, the Battle-less Battleground {WoW}
Aug 4th 2008 2:47PM Miktub, that sounds terrible.
Not so much for the Horde {WoW}
Jul 31st 2008 10:04AM Thats funny, I never remember a D&D edition where you could play a Tauren...
Taking a look at Runeforging {WoW}
Jul 28th 2008 2:54PM Do death knights have the ability to control the number of Frost/Blood/unholy runes on their weapons? Is it fixed by weapon? Fixed universally?
Hunter pet aggro may be fixed in Wrath {WoW}
Jul 25th 2008 3:55PM Oh drat. I was all excited to finally roll a hunter to experience the pet talent system, but if they actually make hunter pets capable tanking 5-mans, there's no way I want any part of that overpowered nonsense. Hunters should be able to tank on the same day that Rogues can main heal.


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Getting Dogz to fall in love-To make your dogz fall in love and have puppies, set down a love potion, perfume, any treats, music box, and two pillows. Set the music to the romantic French song. Let both the Dogz out. Spray them both with the love potion and perfume. Watch how they react. If they begin fighting, spray them both with the spray bottle. If they react well (gaze at each other intently), give them both treats. They are in love if they are lying down and you place a treat between them. They are in love if they Don't pay attention and just continue gazing at each other. Soon, a note will appear telling you that the female dog is due to have a baby. -Have a male and female adult. Have a love potion at family room, with the fireplace turned on. If you are in the family room, go to "Options" and turn off the mouse holes so that Petz will not get distracted when falling in love. Don't spray them with a love potion or any other spray if they are gazing at each other, rubbing noses, licking each other's faces, or are pacing around each other. Don't pet an animal while they are gazing at each other, rubbing noses, licking each other's faces, or pacing around each other. |
LoveThe following behaviors indicate that Petz are in love: |
Avoid/cure illnessTo prevent sickness, dress pets in tartan before taking them into the snow scene.Signs of sickness usually are coughing and sneezing. To cure your pet, you should first have some medicine. It is a white bottle with a blue cap with a small white part on top, and a red stripe with a white cross on it. Bring out your pet's favorite food or water bowl, then take the medicine and put it over the bowl. This will squirt some medicine into the bowl. If done correctly, you will hear the sound your food makes when it hits the ground as well as a faint dripping. Have your sick pet eat or drink and eventually they will feel better. |


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Penn State situation
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Official SBF Blogger
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: Detroit suburbs
Posts: 3,469
Blog Entries:
Originally Posted by
1. Did Joe need to go after these allegations? Yes, but I really wonder what transpired? Did they give him a quit or be canned ultimatum? Sure sounds like it. Getting fired over the phone sounds a little unprofessional considering his history, (yes, not as harsh as what happened to the kids, I know.)
Yes. From what I understand the AD and the President tried to oust him (unrelated) in 2004 and he told them basically to fuck themselves, which shows how much power he really did have at the Uni. If you're asking me to connect the dots I say he used his knowledge of this event (or events) as leverage. The same people (President, AD) are at the heart of the cover-up. It's preposterous for anyone to assume JoePa didn't know. If he didn't know it's only because he didn't want to know.
Originally Posted by
2. How long has the Grand Jury been sitting on the Report? The timing is impecable.....on a bye week right after he becomes the winningest coach ever?
Too coincidental, for sure.
Originally Posted by
3. Why didn't McQueary get canned?
I also think he should get canned. Probably will at the end of the season, but the Uni would be better off to just unceremoniously wash their hands of him now.
Originally Posted by
4. Why didn't McQueary rescue the kid at the imediate moment he saw what was happening?!?!?
Eh... I understand the fervor people have about this but we can't really know how any of us would react. Sure, I'd love to say that I would grab the nearest baseball bat and unleash the fury on the child-rapist. In hindsight that would probably be a poor decision for a number of reasons.
It's just hard to say what anyone would've done in the heat of the moment. Psychologically, maybe your brain shuts it out. Maybe you get physically ill. A lot of variables might prevent you from responding the way you say you'd respond in a vacuum.
IMO it is not fair to hold people to a standard of justice based on what we say we would've done. Rather, we have to look at it from the perspective of what should he have done, and/or should/could he have done more than he did. And essentially he did NOTHING. He could have and should have done more. But he didn't and his inaction is really inexcusable.
there are two snowboard websites based in Michigan, but only one of them doesn't suck ass.
Where I'm riding this year:
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Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 7 ultimate brief description of the information will allow you if want get more news. Without fear of harming your information is Windows 7 ultimate . A brief news of the information contained Windows 7 ultimate on our site may be able to help you. Large picture above you can store on your computer when you click on the picture and read more images below will take you to further information about the newsWindows 7 ultimate. BOOBS TITS !!!
Windows 7 editions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Windows 7, a major release of the Microsoft Windows, was available in six different editions: Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise and Ultimate.... Last update Tue, 27 Jan 2015 20:22:00 GMT Read More
Windows 7 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Windows 7 is a personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft, a version of Windows NT. Development of Windows 7 occurred as early as 2006 under the ... Last update Fri, 23 Jan 2015 18:54:00 GMT Read More
Windows 7 system requirements - Windows Help Check out the system requirements to see if your PC can run Windows 7.... Last update Wed, 28 Jan 2015 22:30:00 GMT Read More
Windows - Microsoft Windows The official website for the Microsoft Windows operating system. Explore Windows information, get downloads, and find the latest PCs for Windows.... Last update Tue, 27 Jan 2015 11:54:00 GMT Read More
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We stayed two nights at the lessing-hof hotel finding a nice quiet environment even though the hotel is situated in the city center. The staff is very friendly and helpful. Breakfast is served as buffet in a big hall and is good for the hotel's price category. The furniture is slightly old-style but the whole building seemed clean and well... More
Germany >
Lower Saxony >
Price Range (Based on Average Rates):
Number of rooms: 41
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A clean veterinary hospital starts with blueprints
Smart design fosters a clean facility.
Jun 03, 2013
Making a habit of being tidy is one thing, but veterinary architect Heather Lewis, AIA, says a continually clean hospital starts with a good design.
Hot topics on dvm360
Vetcetera: The complex topic of canine fear-related aggression
A guided tour of resources for addressing this popular and complicated subject, featuring advice from Dr. John Ciribassi.
Reality TV and the veterinarian: Discussing mainstream dog training advice with clients
Your clients may be getting behavior advice from cable TV. Get your opinion in the mix.
Blog: Election results pose obstacles for veterinary prescription law
Flip in U.S. Senate's majority may slow progress of Fairness to Pet Owners Act.
7 steps to a better relationship between veterinarians and rescue groups
A DVM in the city shares his advice to veterinary practices for working with rescues.
The war between shelters, veterinarians needs to end
Despite practitioners' legitimate gripes, they're hurting themselves.


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Palm Sideboard [1]
Submitted by Georgia M [2] on
Plans for a fun, unique sideboard. It's a great way to add an eclectic twist to any room! It has a cupboard on each end and three drawers in the center. Build your own with More Like Home! http://www.morelikehome.net/2013/02/palm-sideboard-plans.html [3]
Please read through the entire plan and all comments before beginning this project. It is also advisable to review the Getting Started Section. Take all necessary precautions to build safely and smartly. Work on a clean level surface, free of imperfections or debris. Always use straight boards. Check for square after each step. Always predrill holes before attaching with screws. Use glue with finish nails for a stronger hold. Wipe excess glue off bare wood for stained projects, as dried glue will not take stain. Be safe, have fun, and ask for help if you need it. Good luck!


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Definition of Gyn-Gyn-: Combining form pertaining to women. From the Greek gyno, gynaikos meaning woman. Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionaryhttp://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25290 Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012 Medical Dictionary Definitions A - ZSearch Medical Dictionary
From WebMD
Healthy Resources
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welcome back! hinari-sama!! ....want some tacos??Originally Posted by Hinari
Hello guys. Sorry for leaving you all for sometime.
welcome back! hinari-sama!! ....want some tacos??Originally Posted by Hinari
Thank you. I heard of them somewhere. what are they Sir Kakashi?
Later Much. Don' be a stranga.Originally Posted by mahiru
Sanity doesn't exist, it's just an excuse cooked up by crazy people to justify their actions. My myspace page: www.myspace.com/joemage
Are you leaving Mahiru-Chan?
I am really sorry, Hina. I didn't enter this thread for a while, so I didn't notice that you asked me to come here. Please forgive me for keeping you waiting.Originally Posted by Hinari
I already forgot about that so don't say sorry please. I hate to make you say sorry. So, did you tell your parents about the news what did they say?
Throws a banana at the monkey and goes back into covert mode


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NEUCHATEL, Switzerland, September 10 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Elsevier, a leading publisher of scientific, technical and medical information products and services, today announced it has become one of the Charter Members of the InChI Trust and will have a seat on the board at the first InChI Trust Board meeting on September 11th.
Originally developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) is a non-proprietary, international standard to represent chemical structures as an alpha-numeric character string generated by an algorithm. InChIs are machine-readable and therefore allow chemistry and chemical structures to be much more navigable and discoverable. The InChI Trust is a not-for-profit organization established to develop and improve on the current InChI standard and thereby further enable the interlinking of chemistry and chemical structures on the web.
Recognizing that scientists need to navigate through a range of information sources, Elsevier has already implemented InChI Keys within Reaxys(R), the leading workflow solution for synthetic chemists. The use of InChIs also ties into the broader Elsevier strategy of Content Innovation in which research articles are enriched to provide more depth, value, and context to our users. For the chemistry journals available on ScienceDirect, the incorporation of InChI keys will accordingly improve the discoverability and organisation of compounds within the chemistry scientific literature, facilitating and accelerating connectivity to other research tools and content sources.
"Elsevier understands that chemists use a variety of tools and
information sources in their research work," said Dr. David Evans, Director
Scientific Affairs at Elsevier Properties SA, and representing Elsevier at
the Trust Board meeting. "The aim is to help them to navigate seamlessly
through the
SOURCE Elsevier Copyright©2009 PR Newswire. All rights reserved |


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Subjects taught at LSE | Services and divisions (administration)
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The Department of Media and Communications mourns the sudden death on 1 January 2015 of Ulrich Beck, Centennial Professor at LSE and a leading theorist of cosmopolitanisation, and media and communications' role within it. LSE Director Craig Calhoun has written a piece commemorating Professor Beck, which can be found here|.
Claire Milne|, Visiting Senior Fellow in the Department of Media and Communications, has been awarded an MBE for services to the telecommunications sector in the 2015 New Year's Honours list. Many congratulations to Claire, who has had a long and varied career with telecommunications policy as its central theme. Read more here|.
We are delighted to announce that the Department has been ranked first in the UK in its Unit of Assessment in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework assessment: 47% of our outputs were world-leading as were both impact case studies, our impact environment and our general research environment.
NEW Our MSc Media & Communications (Data & Society) |is taking applications. It offers an intensive, year-long exploration of the significance of data and information within contemporary societies and communications.
Study for a PhD at the Department of Media and Communications|
Deadline: 12 January 2015
With a research environment ranked world-leading in REF 2014, the Department of Media and Communications provides an excellent research-based education to its doctoral students.
Children's Rights in the Digital Age|
Date: Wednesday 11 February 2015 Time: 6.30-8pm Venue: Sheikh Zayed Theatre, New Academic Building
Speaker: Professor Sonia Livingstone|, LSE Respondents: Jasmina Byrne, UNICEF; Professor Robin Mansell|, LSE Chair: Professor Nick Couldry|, LSE
Are children's rights enhanced or undermined by access to the internet? Charters and manifestos for the digital age are proliferating, but where do children fit in?
Followed by a drinks reception.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSEchildrights
Shifting African Digital Landscapes|
LSE Africa Talks Public Lecture
Date: Tuesday 17 March 2015 Time: 6.30-8pm Venue: New Theatre, East Building
Speaker: Dr Sean Jacobs|, The New School Chair: Dr Wendy Willems|, LSE
Developments and changes to the online media sphere point to interesting possibilities for how Africans are engaging in the global public sphere. Whether via irreverent Youtube prank videos, blogs, Instagram, song remixes, or producing independent online media (such as the Nigerian-focused Sahara Reporters), among others, and addressing topics such as homosexuality, gender relations, economic relations, African subjects are taking their place more and more as audiences and agents, rather than as receivers of aid and information.
Suggested hashtag for this event for Twitter users: #LSEAfrica
Caring in Crisis|
A one-day colloquium 'Caring in Crisis?' sponsored by Birkbeck Institute for Social Research was held on Saturday 7 June. The event marked the completion of a three-year, interdisciplinary research project, funded by the Leverhulme Trust, on NGOs' production of and the UK public responses to messages about humanitarian crises and international development.
Shani Orgad| recently published Intimacy at a distance' in humanitarian communication| in Media, Culture & Society.
PhD Student Cesar Jimenez-Martinez| recently published Disasters as media events: the rescue of the Chilean miners on national and global television|, an analysis of the narratives constructed during the live coverage of the rescue of the Chilean miners in 2010.
MPhil/PhD Programmes|
Interested in our doctoral programmes in Media and Communications or New Media, Innovation and Literacy? Submit your details here|, including any prospective research proposals that you wish to gain feedback on from academic staff|.
MSc Programmes|
We offer several MSc degrees: MSc Media & Communications; MSc Media & Communications; MSc Media, Communication & Development; MSc Global Media & Communications (with second year in either University of Southern California or Fudan University); MSc Politics & Communication. The Department offers two MPhil/PhD programmes in Media & Communications and in New Media, Innovation & Literacy.
LSE 120th Anniversary Scholarships|
To celebrate the 120th anniversary of the founding of the School, LSE will be offering 120 Anniversary Scholarships for taught Master's students from the UK starting at LSE in 2015.The awards will vary in value, based on financial need, and are designed to help with fees and living costs. The minimum award will be £3,000 and the maximum award will be worth £25,000.


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Reviewed Hoppin' John
Jan 1, 2012 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"Creamy and smoky and a little spicy. Plus a good dose of fortune for the new year! I've been making Emeril's Hoppin John recipe for nearly 10 years now -- every New Year's Day. Love it; hubby loves it. I don't like green pepper, so I always leave that out and increase the onion and celery a little. I like to use fresh thyme. I also add a li..."
Reviewed Spicy Seared Scallop Salad
Dec 31, 2011 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"I really wanted to like this recipe. My husband and I both love spicy food and can handle pretty spicy food (at least relative to what many of our friends and family can handle). I followed the recipe as is (except used cucumber, red onion, and carrots in the salad with the mixed greens). We are still having trouble breathing and suffering run..."


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Green Bay — The Green Bay Packers have been through this before.
Statistically, they play defense like nobody's business, dominate the weaklings on their schedule, get praised as an upper echelon unit and then . . .
• Get ripped to shreds by the Pittsburgh Steelers.
• Get taken to the woodshed by the Arizona Cardinals.
Yes, for those who follow the Packers, those are painful memories. What they thought was a foundation of the team turned out to be a crumbling basement.
The Packers were the No. 2-rated defense in the NFL when they went to Pittsburgh and gave up 537 yards, 28 first downs and 37 points. A few weeks later, the Cardinals rolled up 531 yards, 30 first downs and 51 points in a playoff victory.
So what are people to believe when the Packers boast the No. 1 scoring defense in the National Football League? What should they take from the Packers holding opposing quarterbacks to the lowest passer rating in the entire league?
"We are (that) and that's how we have to approach it," defensive end Ryan Pickett said of the defense's elite standing.
Maybe they are, maybe they aren't. Maybe we'll find out Sunday night when the Packers face the New England Patriots, the NFL's version of the old UNLV Runnin' Rebels. They're an offense that averages a league-leading 31.9 points and is tied for the fewest turnovers in the league (nine).
This is the Tom Brady-led Patriots, who marched into Soldier Field on Sunday and blew off Mother Nature like she was a door-to-door salesman and then blew away the Chicago Bears, whose defense was ranked among the best in the NFL. All the Patriots did was put up 36 points and 475 yards.
You'd have to say this is the best offense the Packers have seen in many, many years.
"I don't know if I'd go that far," Pickett said. "I think it's a good offense. They're playing good. But I've seen a lot to say this is the (best) offense I played in 10 years. Been against (Peyton) Manning when he had it all going. I've played against a lot of offenses.
"I don't know if I can rate them the best offense I've played against."
Pickett's response represents a dose of self-confidence the Packers hope to instill this week as they prepare to play the Patriots Sunday night in Foxboro. If they start believing the Patriots are unbeatable, they will be unbeatable.
Pickett and some of his teammates prefer to think they've got pretty good credentials, too.
"We haven't let people in the end zone all year," Pickett said. "You do stuff for so long, it becomes a habit. Then it becomes who you are. We're a team that's tough to score on. It's tough to get the long drives and it's tough to finish at the end. We're going to make you earn everything."
Perhaps, but a lot of the quarterbacks the Packers have kept out of the end zone are ones who don't get there that much anyway. Of the 15 quarterbacks the Packers faced in non-mop-up roles, only one, Philadelphia's Michael Vick, has a passer rating in the top 10.
Only three, Atlanta's Matt Ryan, Dallas' Jon Kitna and Chicago's Jay Cutler, have ratings above 80. The Packers lost two of the three games against those quarterbacks.
Based on those kinds of numbers, one would think the Packers might be in for another Pittsburgh-Arizona-type wake-up call Sunday.
"In stats that matter, scoring defense, opposing quarterback rating, sacks, interceptions, we're right up there in the top of the league," said nose tackle B.J. Raji. "Those are the stats that count.
"This past Sunday (against Detroit) we did not play that good against the run, and I was a part of that. I take some blame for that. But on the flip side, we only gave up seven points. If we can hold this team to seven points, we'll be doing something."
In some ways, the Packers match up better with the Patriots than the Bears did. They have a deeper, more talented secondary that can deal with the spread offense the Patriots like to use.
They have a shut-down corner in Tramon Williams, a versatile slot man in Charles Woodson and one of the fastest safeties in the NFL in Nick Collins. A bigger issue may be whether they can pressure Brady and keep him from being a step ahead as he so often is against opposing defenses.
"They adjust quick," said safety Anthony Smith, who as a member of the Pittsburgh Steelers got to see the Patriots fairly often. "That's one great thing about them. Once they figure out what you're doing, they try to expose that weakness. Every defense has a hole, and they're pretty good at finding it. That's what makes them special."
The key, Smith said, is never to fall into the trap of relying on one defense for too long. Sometimes you have to blitz, and sometimes you have to play coverage.
"We did a little bit of both because you can't just sit back and give Tom all that kind of time to sit back and decipher a defense and figure out what we're in," Smith said. "You've got to mix it up."
One of the things Brady showed against the Bears was that if you stay in a Cover-2 defense all day, he's going to make you pay. He continually read the slot corner the Bears brought up to the line and predicted almost every time he blitzed.
Several times the Patriots ran screens to wide receiver Wes Welker that looked like the Bears had told them what defense they were going to run.
Defensive coordinator Dom Capers' task will be to find a way to pressure Brady without letting him know exactly where it's coming from and then play coverage when Brady thinks he knows pressure is coming.
Capers spent 2008 with coach Bill Belichick as secondary coach and has some insight into how the Patriots attack people. But as Woodson said, it doesn't always come down to Xs and Os.
"It will be the same as far as preparation," he said. "The task is going to be on the field. He (Brady) is as good as it gets. Offensively they're clicking in all the elements, running and passing. That's going to be the real test."
14.5 Points per game allowed by the Packers, fewest in the NFL.
31.9 Points per game scored by the Patriots, most in the NFL.
109.9 Tom Brady's passer rating, No. 1 in the NFL.
1,068 Yards yielded by G.B. last year vs. Pittsburgh and Arizona (playoff).
+1.4 Turnover margin per game for the Patriots, No. 1 in the NFL


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- Created 1/24/10 by SallyBratt
Posted by SallyBratt This is my favourite cakes of all the ones I got from school. The flavour surprised me because I didn't think I would like almond cake at all. Now I love it! Ingredients 250g soft unsalted butter 250g marzipan (almond paste) 150g sugar 1/4 tsp vanilla 6 lg eggs 150g sifted all purpose flour 1 1/2 tsp baking powder 1/2 tsp salt 1/4 cup ground almonds Instructions Chop the butter and marzipan. Mix the butter, marzipan and sugar in the stand mixer till smooth. Add vanilla. Add eggs one by one, mixing until well... read more


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* The uses for our products are based on traditional homeopathic practice. They have not been reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration.Hide preceding message
* The uses for our products are based on traditional homeopathic practice. They have not been reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration.Hide preceding message
Hyland's Cold Tablets with Zinc Quick Dissolving Tablets provide fast, natural relief from symptoms of the common cold.* The drippy misery of runny nose, headache and nasal congestion are relieved with these homeopathic tablets that dissolve immediately in your mouth. This all-natural homeopathic formula works without side effects and won't interact with other medications-day or night!
Uses: Temporarily relieves the symptoms of the common cold.
Active Ingredients | Purposes:
Aconitum Napellus 6X HPUS: sneezing, headache
Allium Cepa 6X HPUS: red, runny eyes, nose, burning discharge
Zincum Gluconicum 2X HPUS: runny nose & sore throat
Gelsemium Semp. 6X HPUS: runny nose, eyes, sore throat
"HPUS" indicates the active ingredients are in the official Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
Inactive Ingredient: Lactose N.F.
As with any drug ask a doctor before use if pregnant or nursing.
Consult a physician if:
• Symptoms persist for more than 7 days or worsen
• Inflammation, fever or infection develops
• Symptoms are accompanied by a high fever (101ºF)
Keep this and all medications our of the reach of children.
Do not use if imprinted band is broken or missing.
In case of accidental overdose, contact a poison control center immediately. In case of emergency, Hyland's may be contacted 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at 800/624-9659.
Adults: Dissolve 2 to 3 tablets under tongue every 4 hours or as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years: ½ adult dose.


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(Updates with excerpt from filing in third paragraph.)
July 13 (Bloomberg) -- Borders Group Inc. asked a bankruptcy judge to overrule landlords' objections to the proposed sale of the bookstore chain's assets and promised to provide more information about leases by next week.
Borders is trying to resolve objections from landlords at several locations, the company said in papers filed yesterday in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Manhattan. The structure of the $215.1 million sale to Najafi Cos., which still requires an auction to test for higher bids, is set to go before U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Martin Glenn tomorrow.
Borders stores "truly value their relationships with landlords, who have worked constructively with the debtors throughout these cases in their continuing efforts to rationalize their store footprint and their occupancy costs," the Ann Arbor, Michigan-based chain said.
The "compressed timeframe" of the sale has prevented Borders from giving landlords more disclosure, the company said. The objections should be overruled because they aren't central to Borders' request for court approval of the deal's structure and a proposed breakup fee for Najafi, Borders said.
Najafi, a Phoenix-based private-equity firm, owns Direct Brands LLC, a direct marketer that owns Book-of-the-Month Club. The firm bid $215.1 million for Borders stores and would assume $220 million of liabilities. A final deal is scheduled to be approved by the bankruptcy court at a hearing on July 21, after a July 19 auction.
Landlords Object
Landlords said the company hadn't told them which leases it intends to keep or reject, giving them little time to decide whether they agree with the proposed sale. Current timelines "do not provide the Objecting Landlords with sufficient notice," said Glimcher Properties Ltd., manager of five locations where Borders leases space.
Borders has a backup bid to liquidate all of its assets from liquidators including Hilco Merchant Resources and Gordon Brothers Retail Partners LLC. Borders pursued a "dual-track process" so it could proceed with a sale to liquidators if it isn't acquired as a going concern, according to court filings.
Borders, the second-largest U.S. book chain after Barnes & Noble Inc., filed for bankruptcy in February. The company, founded 40 years ago as a single used-book store, had 642 stores in February when it sought court protection. It closed 237, leaving 405 operating.
The case is In re Borders Group Inc., 11-10614, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan).
--With assistance from Edvard Pettersson in Los Angeles. Editors: Stephen Farr, Andrew Dunn.
To contact the reporter on this story: Tiffany Kary in New York at email@example.com.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: John Pickering at email@example.com.


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Who Is Going to Hold My Hand?
I just remembered Valentine's Day when I was in the fifth grade. I was home sick, wandering around the house, lonely, watching endless television. An only child, illness was something to be evaluated by my mother. If I was very sick she stayed home with me and we played board games. But if I just had a cold or a low grade fever, I was on my own.
Home alone, with a telephone check every few hours to see if I was still alive. On good days my mother returned home late in the afternoon with a Nancy Drew Mystery or the latest Little Lulu comic book. Was that supposed to make up for all the hours alone watching As The World Turns, and Queen for a Day?
That year my low grade fever had kept me home for weeks. And the worst part was that I was missing my classroom's Valentine's Day party! This was awful. Who would even bother to give me a Valentine? Most the kids probably had already forgotten me, as if I had moved to Milford or New Haven! Out of sight, out of mind! And how could I get my Valentine's to them?
My mother solved the last problem. She would drop off the brown paper bag with my Valentine's in it as she left for her college studies. (She was soon to become an elementary school teacher) But I was more concerned with who would remember me? And what about Scott? Did he miss me?
I had this mild crush on him that was intensifying as I lay around the house. He was so cute with red hair and freckles. Maybe I was falling love. Maybe he would really like me, someday.
Valentine's Day came and went and all the soap operas floated past me as I dozed on and off on the den couch. Of course every show was full of the drama of love on Valentine's Day. Search for Tomorrow, As the World Turns, each had the significant romance that was at risk and reaching a crisis. I don't remember the plots all these years later, but I do remember feeling so lonely and wanting to be loved.
The Great Divine was good to me. I was out of school another two or three weeks, but somehow someone delivered to me a couple of days after Valentine's Day a large manila folder. And guess what was in it? Valentine's from just about everyone in my class. And one of the nicest was from Scott!
I treasured those Valentine's for the rest of my illness. Every day I looked through the package. 'Will you be my Valentine?'; 'A special Valentine just for you!'; 'Be mine forever'; and from Scott: 'Won't you be my Valentine?'.
Scott's Valentine made it under my pillow. Better to sleep close to it. After all, I did need so much for someone to hold my hand. This was the best I could get, a Valentine probably randomly chosen by Scott, or maybe even his mother, under my pillow.
Years later, some of that longing for someone to hold my hand was still there, more so when I wasn't dating someone, but still there at times even when I had a boyfriend. Then the Beatles appeared. There music captured that hole I thought no one else ever felt. They understood!


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Cold Hard Cool Tricks are for kids—That is why we built them the Fierce. An entry level true twin shape featuring BiteFree Edges, an Aspen Core, and the predictability of a Super Flat Profile— your little buddy will have no problem finding freestyle fun from the bunny hill all the way to the terrain park.
Head Start Your first day snowboarding is the beginning of an era, so start off with the right... or left foot forward. With its predictable Super Flat Profile, BiteFree Edges, and smooth radial sidecut you'll be linking lines and buttering your way down the trail before you know it.


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Friends of the Murphy Library Book Swap
The Eleanor Murphy Friends of the Library Book Store will be having a Book Swap from Thurs, August 1st to Sat, August 3rd.
How does it work? You have two options:
Option 1: Bring $10 AND your gently used books, movie DVDs, and music CDs to the book swap. For that visit, you can take as many items as you wish from the available selection.
Option 2: No items to donate or $10 to spare? No problem! You can still shop from the great selection in the book store and pay regular book store prices. The selection will change each day of the sale as more items are brought in daily.
Proceeds will go towards supporting the Eleanor Murphy Friends of the Library and purchasing new materials for the Murphy Library
The Eleanor Murphy Library is located at 7910 Charlotte Drive SW, Huntsville, AL 35802.
Questions? Contact Connie at firstname.lastname@example.com or 256-881-5620.


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Research Shows E-Cigs Might Be As Good For Quitting As Nicotine Patches
Re:second hand e-smoke (314 comments)
Nicotine and caffeine are in different leagues: Coffee is available everywhere, can be consumed in almost every situation and the withdrawal symptoms are short and mild compared to nicotine.
I quit smoking after 15 years and not having to look for the next place to buy or smoke cigarettes is a big relief. E-Cigs can be used in more places , but you still need a steady supply (plus batteries!) and there is always a chance that the thing breaks when you can't buy a new one easily.
Another problem is that since it makes smoking easier quitting becomes less desirable. I know some heavy smokers who use them during work hours and switch back to cigarettes whenever they can smoke freely.


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The Power of Love: Drums
By Johnny Colla
The Power of Love: Drums composed by Johnny Colla, Chris Hayes, and Huey Lewis. Arranged by Kirby Shaw. For Choral Pax. Instructional. Part. 2 pages. Published by Alfred Music - Digital Sheet Music (AX.00-PC-0014974_D).
Huey Lewis and The News wrote and sang this hit single in the 1985 blockbuster film Back to the Future. Their first #1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100!
Inst. Parts Available (choral); Recorded Acc. Available.
About Digital Print Sheet Music
Digital Print is printable sheet music available anytime, anywhere. Just purchase, print and play! View your online sheet music at home, school, work or anywhere you have a computer connected to the Internet. Use our iPad app to view your digital sheet music on the go. With Digital Print, you can print your digital sheet music immediately after purchase, or wait until its convenient. And our software installation is easy - we'll guide you through the simple steps to make sure you have Adobe Flash Player, Adobe AIR and the Sheet Music Plus AIR application.


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SIZE .1 oz
Sorry, this product is no longer available for purchase.
Instantly illuminate eyes and reduce the appearance of dark circles and fine lines with this rich, emollient brightener that moisturizes, increases skin's immunity and fights free radicals with concentrated Dermaxyl® Complex, Orchid Complex, Camellia Oil, and Vitamins A, B & E.
Perfect for all skin types.
Insider Tip:
Gently glide brightener stick starting in inner corner of eye down under eye for desired coverage. With fingertips or Jouer's Crème Brush No.4, lightly tap to blend in this emollient product.
FREE STANDARD Shipping within 2-7 business days within the contiguous U.S. on orders of $75.00 or more.
Most orders are shipped 24-48 hours within receipt of order. Please note that due to the speed of our ordering system, cancellations are not always possible. We ship Monday through Friday. Orders placed on Saturday and Sunday will be shipped the following Monday or Tuesday. We do not ship on major holidays. Orders placed on major holidays will be shipped the next business day.
All orders shipped complete, when all merchandise is in-stock; no partial orders shipped. You will not be charged until your order is shipped.
Please note that any item containing hazardous material, such as nail polish, hair spray, or perfume, is restricted by the U.S. Department of Transportation to ground-only shipping methods.
We are not responsible for orders damaged or missing in transit via a mail forwarder. Please call (866)525-4933 for further assistance.
APO/FBO Addresses: b-glowing proudly ships to our military. Please specify USPS during check out.
Standard - UPS Mail Innovations or FedEx SmartPost - 2 to 7 business days: $5.95
2-3 Business Day Shipping - $16.95
1-2 Business Day Shipping - $25.95
USPS Priority Mail - 2 to 4 Business Days: $4.95
You can confirm delivery of a shipment at www.usps.com using the delivery confirmation number emailed to you at the time of shipping. UPS provides tracking for your orders at www.ups.com.
International beauty stylist Christina Zilber left no palette unturned when she created Jouer Cosmetics. From the click-and-go packaging which allows you to create your own mix and match customization to the editorial way of looking at cosmetics, Jouer offers supreme wearability for a fashionable woman on the go. It's no wonder it means 'to play' in French!
Staff could 'play' all day with Jouer's Luminizing Moisture Tint and the Creme Eyeshadow Crayons!


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Does anyone know why every once in a while my ribbon disappears & I cannot change commands? This only happens once in a while & when I restart it is fine. Does REVIT get tired & need a rest....
I've never heard of that particular issue.
I have had a user lose some of is tools in the ribbon, but not all.
Do you have the latest updates?
if so, I would suggest a repair on the installation.
Thank you for responding. No we do not have any updates but I will have my Tech guy get them.
Are you using dual or multiple screens ?
If yes, you can try to change the resolution of both screen and reverse it (1 to 2 and 2 to 1) and check if that behavior is still happening. You can also unplug on screen and let only one to see.
You can also check the version of your Microsoft .NET Framework components. You shoud have the "4 Client Profile" and the "4 Extended" installed on your machine.
Thank you in advance for your feedback.
Best regards,
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Upstate News
Doretta Royer 315 464-4833
CNY Children's Miracle Network campaign raises $921,500
The CNY Children's Miracle Network (CMN) campaign, that culminated with the June 2 CMN broadcast on WIXT NewsChannel 9, raised $921,500, exceeding last year's total of $882,980. All proceeds raised through the campaign benefit children who receive their medical care at University and Crouse hospitals in Syracuse.
"The success of our CMN campaign is a direct result of the generosity and commitment of people in our community who are focused on ensuring that the health care needs of our youngest citizens will be met," said Toni Gary, director of the CNY Children's Miracle Network. "We very much appreciate their efforts."
The CMN Broadcast was presented live from the WIXT studios, University Hospital and the Wyndham Syracuse, where Kiwanis Clubs of Central New York presented a CMN Pancake Breakfast for the fourth year in a row. The pancake breakfast was co-sponsored by University Hospital's Pediatric Cardiology Group and the Wyndham Syracuse.
McLane Northeast, a division of the nation's largest wholesale grocery distributor to convenience stores, contributed $110,000 to this year's CMN campaign. Since McLane's first involvement with CMN in 1988, the company and its vendors have raised more than $1 million.
Other major sponsors of this year's campaign included: Wal-Mart, Eckerd Drugs, Niagara Mohawk, Kinney Drugs Inc., Carrier Corp., Solvay Bank, UPS Foundation and the Syracuse Crunch.
Included in the campaign total were contributions raised from fundraisers held throughout the year. The Little Gifts for Life Auction raised $204,000; Paige's Butterfly Fun Run and Walk raised more than $40,000; and the Miracle Motorcycle Ride raised $33,700. Proceeds from the Paige Butterfly event benefitted University Hospital's Center for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders and the Paige Yeomans Arnold Memorial Scholarship Fund at Baker High School in Baldwinsville.
Also included in the final tally was more than $28,000 in cash and pledges raised by viewers who called in pledges during the broadcast.
Throughout its 18-year history in Central New York, CMN has raised approximately $10 million, all of which has benefitted the children who receive their medical care at University and Crouse hospitals. The contributions are used to help create pediatric services, purchase medical equipment, and supplement funding for research into pediatric medical disorders. The local CMN effort is presented by Upstate Medical University Foundation and WIXT News Channel 9. This year's CMN broadcast was also presented in part by Carrier Corp. and Kinney Drugs. Clear Channel's B104, served as the promotional sponsor.
The CNY Children's Miracle Network is part of a national effort to raise funds to benefit hospitalized children worldwide. This year, the national campaign celebrated its 20th anniversary, raising more than $2 billion throughout its history.
Search Upstate News
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Spiritual Enlightenment:
The Damnedest Thing
Jed McKenna
Book One
The Enlightenment Trilogy
Smashwords Edition
Copyright © 2010 Wisefool Press
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without written permission of the author or publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.
* * *
This book is dedicated to
Walt Whitman
* * *


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Teen Book Club
Talking, eating, and hanging out with your friends — what could be better? It's time to throw in a book. Every month, Teen Book Club meets to discuss a book together. To sign up and get your copy of the book, talk to Katie. This program is for teens going into 7-12 grades.
Repeats cada mes en el tercer Martes hastal Mar Jul 23 2013 .
Martes, Junio 18, 2013 - 5:00pm
Martes, Julio 16, 2013 - 5:00pm


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How bird friendly is your garden, really? You can do a lot more to make the birds enjoy your garden than to feed them in the winter-time. Eva Stenvång Lindqvist and Niklas Aronsson, the authors of "Fåglarnas trädgård" ("The Bird's Garden"), invite you to share their best tricks. Eva is also one of the authors of "Börja skåda fågel" ("Start watching birds"), published by BirdLife Sverige in 2010, and often contributes to the mag...
Falsterbo Bird Show is an annual nature and environmental fair focusing on birds. The aim is to increase public interest in nature in general and birds in particular and generate funding for bird protection and conservation. In this year's edition of the fair children and family activities will have a prominent place along with a variety of outdoor experiences for everyone. Falsterbo Bird Show takes place every year in late August early September at the riding facility Falsterbo Horse Show arena in Falsterbo, southern Sweden.
This year's programme will be even more comprehensive than previous years. The number of exhibitors is increasing constantly and several new activities are scheduled. Thursday's programme is aimed at children and their teachers at kindergartens and schools. The gates to the event open to the general public at noon on Friday. A weekend programme packed with exhibitions, excursions, lectures, entertainment, competitions, culinary highs and friendly company culminates with the Honey Buzzard Day which takes place in the arena area throughout Sunday, including scholarship and prize announcements. Falsterbo Bird Show once again offers a full and varied programme for every taste. The riding facility (Falsterbo Horse Show arena) will be the hub of activities taking place.