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Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (Mark One)
For the fiscal year ended January 1, 2012 Or
For the transition period from to . Commission file number: 1-10079 CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
198 Champion Court, San Jose, California 95134 (Address of principal executive offices and zip code) Registrants telephone number, including area code: (408) 943-2600 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ¨ Yes x No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨ Yes x No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months ( or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes ¨ No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of larger accelerated filer, accelerated filer, and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ¨ Yes x No The market value of voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the common stock on July 3, 2011 as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, was approximately $3.4 billion. Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded from the foregoing calculation in that such persons may be deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. As of February 15, 2012, 154,847,904 shares of the registrants common stock were outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement for the registrants Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A for the year ended January 1, 2012 are incorporated by reference in Items 10 - 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Table of Contents 2 Table of ContentsFORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS The discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains statements that are not historical in nature, but are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, statements related to our manufacturing strategy, our future use of external wafer foundries, our future investment in our Emerging Technology division, our expectation regarding dividends and stock repurchases, the number and impact of future personnel terminations in the Philippines and the expenses related thereto; our expectations, including the timing and savings, related to our restructuring activities which includes the sale of our restructured assets, including the Round Rock Texas property, our expected purchases from Grace Semiconductor, our expectations regarding future technology transfers and other licensing arrangements, our expectations regarding our active litigation matters and our intent to defend ourselves in those matters; our foreign currency exposure and the impact exchange rates could have on our operating margins, the adequacy of our cash and working capital positions, our expected return on our yield-enhancement program and the risks related to such an investment, our intended use of our line of credit; the value and liquidity of our investments, including auction rate securities and our other debt investments, our ability to recognize certain unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months as well as the resolution of agreements with various foreign tax authorities, our expectations regarding our outstanding warranty liability, the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our investments, the volatility of our stock price, the impact of new accounting standards on our financial statements and the impact of the credit crisis on consumers. We use words such as plan, anticipate, believe, expect, future, intend and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and are based on our current expectations, beliefs and intentions regarding future events or our financial performance and the information available to management as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, we assume no responsibility to update any such forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those expected, discussed or projected in the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for any number of reasons, including, but not limited to, the state and future of the general economy and its impact on the markets and consumers we serve and our investments; the current credit conditions; our ability to expand our customer base, our ability to transform our business with a leading portfolio of programmable products; the number and nature of our competitors; the changing environment and/or cycles of the semiconductor industry; foreign currency exchange rates; our ability to efficiently manage our manufacturing facilities and achieve our cost goals emanating from our flexible manufacturing strategy; our ability to achieve our goals related to our restructuring activities; our success in our pending litigation matters, our ability to manage our investments and interest rate and exchange rate exposure; our ability to achieve liquidity in our investments the failure or success of our Emerging Technology division and/or the materialization of one or more of the risks set forth above or in Item 1A (Risk Factors) in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 3 Table of Contents
General Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress) delivers high-performance, mixed-signal, programmable solutions that provide customers with rapid time-to-market and exceptional system value. Our offerings include the flagship Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC®) families and derivatives such as CapSense® touch sensing and TrueTouch solutions for touchscreens. We are the world leader in universal serial bus (USB) controllers, including the high-performance West Bridge® solution that enhances connectivity and performance in multimedia handsets. In addition we are the industry leader in the high-performance SRAM memory market and a market leader in programmable timing devices. We serve numerous markets including consumer, mobile handsets, computation, data communications, automotive, industrial and military. Cypress programmable products can be found in a wide array of the worlds leading end products, including cell phones, tablets, PCs and PC peripherals, audio and gaming devices, household appliances, and communications devices. Cypress was incorporated in California in December 1982. The initial public offering took place in May 1986, at which time our common stock commenced trading on the NASDAQ National Market. In February 1987, we were reincorporated in Delaware and in October 1988, we began listing our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CY. On November 12, 2009, we voluntarily moved our stock listing back to the NASDAQ Global Select Market, maintaining the CY ticker symbol. Our corporate headquarters are located at 198 Champion Court, San Jose, California 95134, and our main telephone number is (408) 943-2600. We maintain a website at www.cypress.com. The contents of our website are not incorporated into, or otherwise to be regarded as part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our fiscal 2011 ended on January 1, 2012, fiscal 2010 ended on January 2, 2011 and fiscal 2009 ended on January 3, 2010. Our fiscal 2011 and 2010 each contained 52 weeks and fiscal 2009 contained 53 weeks. Business Segments As of the end of fiscal 2011, our organization included the following business segments:
Sale of Image Sensors Product Family As part of Cypresss continued efforts to focus on programmable products including our flagship PSoC® programmable system-on-chip solution and our TrueTouch touch-sensing controllers, we divested our image 4 Table of Contentssensors product family by selling it to ON Semiconductor Corporation on February 27, 2011. Accordingly, the name of our Memory and Image Sensor Division was changed to Memory Products Division (MPD) to reflect the change in our business. For additional information on this transaction, see Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8. For additional information on our segments, see Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8. Business Strategies Cypress is committed to managing its expenses and in maintaining a strong balance sheet. We have successfully transitioned many of our business operations to lower-cost centers, including India, the Philippines and China. In addition, we are utilizing foundry partners for more of our manufacturing needs. In 2009, Cypress introduced two new architectures for its PSoC® platform, PSoC® 3 and PSoC® 5, that extended Cypresss reach into many new and fast-growing markets and increased its total addressable market by 10x from $1.5 billion to $15 billion. Combining the PSoC® family of devices with an intuitive integrated software development environment called PSoC® Creator, Cypress continues to be positioned to obtain new business in the microcontroller, programmable analog and programmable logic markets. In 2010, Cypress also continued to focus sales, marketing, and product development on its touch business, which includes touchscreens and button-replacement technologies. As a result, we realized significant revenue growth for our PSoC®-based TrueTouch touchscreen controllers and CapSense® capacitive-touch-sensing products, primarily in the handset market. We also realized our first design win from our ONS business unit, which provides unique touch sensors for mobile phones. As a result, Cypresss handset revenue increased by more than 30 percent, year over year. In 2011, Cypress introduced three important products: the Gen4 TrueTouch controllers, the EZ-USB® FX3 controllers for USB 3.0, and the West Bridge® Benicia controller that brings USB 3.0 capability to mobile devices. All of these families have received positive initial customer acceptance and will add incremental revenue in fiscal 2012. In fiscal 2012, Cypress will continue to pursue the following key strategies:
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As we continue to implement our strategies, there are many internal and external factors that could impact our ability to meet any or all of our objectives. Some of these factors are discussed under Item 1A. Product/Service Overview Consumer and Computation Division (CCD): The Consumer and Computation Division designs and develops solutions for many of the worlds leading end-product manufacturers. Its programmable product offerings are the linchpin of our programmable solutions strategy. This divisions products include PSoC® devices, CapSense and TrueTouch touch-sensing/touchscreen products and the industrys broadest selection of USB controllers and WirelessUSB products, and general-purpose programmable clocks. PSoC® products are used in various consumer applications such as MP3 players, mass storage, household appliances, laptop computers and toys. The TrueTouch touchscreen products are used in mobile phones, tablets, GPS, digital cameras and other mobile systems. USB is used primarily in PC and peripheral applications and is finding increased adoption rates in consumer devices such as MP3 players, mobile handsets and set-top boxes. Timing devices are used ubiquitously in a wide variety of systems to synchronize the operations of various components. 6 Table of ContentsThe following table summarizes the markets and applications related to our products in this segment:
PSoC® Programmable System-on-Chip products. Our PSoC® products are highly integrated, high-performance mixed-signal devices with an on-board microcontroller, programmable digital and analog blocks, SRAM and flash memory. They provide a low-cost, single-chip solution for a variety of consumer, industrial, medical, and system management applications. A single PSoC® device can potentially integrate as many as 100 peripheral functions saving customers design time, board space, power consumption, and system costs. Because of its programmability, PSoC® allows customers to make modifications at any point during the design cycle, providing unmatched flexibility. Cypresss PSoC® 1 device delivers performance, programmability and flexibility with a cost-optimized 8-bit M8 CPU subsystem. PSoC® 3 uses an 8-bit, Intel® 8051-based microcontroller with 7.5 times more computing power than PSoC® 1. The 32-bit, ARM®-Cortex-based PSoC® 5 has 25 times more computing power than PSoC® 1. The analog-to-digital converters on PSoC® 3 and PSoC® 5 are 256 times more accurate and 10 to 30 times faster than PSoC® 1, and there are 10 times more programmable logic gates available. PSoC® Creator is a unique design tool that allows engineers to use intuitive schematic-based capture and dozens of certified, firmware-defined, pre-packaged peripherals. In 2011, Cypress introduced PSoC® Creator 2.0, which offers compatibility with popular third-party compilers. It also announced multiple design wins with new customers. Cypress shipped its 1 billionth PSoC® device in 2011, and its online community for developers of PSoC® and other products (www.cypress.com/go/community) featuring technical forums, blogs and videos grew to over 45,000 registered users. 7 Table of ContentsTrueTouch Touchscreen Solutions. TrueTouch is a single-chip touchscreen solution that can interpret the inputs of more than 10 fingers from all areas of the screen simultaneously. This enables designers to create new usage models for products such as mobile handsets, tablets, digital camers, portable media players (PMPs), GPS and other products. The TrueTouch family also includes devices that perform traditional touchscreen functions including interpreting single touches, and gestures such as tap, double-tap, pan, pinch, scroll, and rotate. In 2011, Cypress introduced the Gen4 family of TrueTouch controllers, which delivers the industrys best noise performance, fastest refresh rate, lowest power and highest accuracy along with a host of exclusive features. We also announced new, low-cost single-layer sensor technologies that enable manufacturers to replace resistive screens with capacitive screens. The company is shipping products from the TrueTouch family into many of the worlds leading cell phone Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM). CapSense. Our PSoC®-based CapSense capacitive touch-sensing solutions replace mechanical switches and controls with simple, touch-sensitive controls by detecting the presence or absence of a conductive object (such as a finger) and measuring changes in capacitance. This technology lends itself equally well to buttons, sliders, touchpads, touchscreens and proximity sensors, taking industrial design possibilities to a much higher level. The CapSense family includes CapSense, CapSense Express and CapSense Pluseach supporting different ranges of general purpose inputs/outputs, buttons and slider devices. Cypresss CapSense devices feature SmartSense technology, an automatic tuning solution for its CapSense devices that dynamically detects and adjusts a systems capacitive-sensing parameters, eliminating the need for manual tuning. Cypress has replaced more than 3.5 billion buttons with CapSense technology and is the worldwide capacitive sensing market share leader in handsets. The company announced new CapSense Express products in 2011, along with a new set of design guides that simplifies the engineering process for customers. USB Controllers. Cypress is the market leader in USB with more than one billion devices shipped. USB provides the primary connection between a PC and peripherals, including keyboards, mice, printers, joysticks, scanners and modems. It is also used to connect various non-PC systems, such as handheld games, digital still cameras and MP3 players. The USB standard facilitates a plug-and-play architecture that enables instant recognition and interoperability when a USB-compatible peripheral is connected to a system. We offer a full range of USB solutions, including low-speed (1.5 Mbps), full-speed (12 Mbps), high-speed (480 Mbps) and now Super Speed (5 Gbps) USB products. We also offer a variety of USB hubs, transceivers, serial interface engines and embedded-host products for a broad range of applications. WirelessUSB. Designed for short-range wireless connectivity, WirelessUSB enables personal computer peripherals, gaming controllers, remote controls, toys, and other point-to-point or multipoint-to-point applications to cut the cord with a low-cost, 2.4-GHz wireless solution. The WirelessUSB system acts as a USB human interface device, so the connectivity is transparent to the designer at the operating system level. WirelessUSB also operates as a simple, cost-effective wireless link in a host of other applications including industrial, consumer, and medical markets. Cypress introduced WirelessUSB NL in 2011, which offers very low power consumption for high-volume markets. Programmable Clocks. Programmable timing solutions such as our InstaClock device combine high performance with the flexibility and fast time to market of field-programmable devices at a cost that is competitive against custom clocks at equivalent volumes. Working with our easy-to-use CyberClocks software, designers can optimize device parameters such as drive strength, phased-lock loop bandwidth and crystal input capacitive loading. Our programmable clocks are ideal for devices requiring multiple frequencies including Ethernet, PCI, USB, HDTV, and audio applications. Additionally, the FleXO family of high-performance clock generators can be instantly programmed in the factory or field to any frequency up to 650 MHz, accelerating time to market and improving manufacturing quality. RoboClock Clock Buffers. Our RoboClock family of clock buffers feature programmable output skew, programmable multiply/divide factor, and user-selectable redundant reference clocks that provide fault tolerance. Designers can control output skew and multiply and divide factors to help accommodate last-minute design changes. RoboClock offers a high-performance timing solution for designers of communications, computation and storage networking applications. 8 Table of ContentsData Communications Division (DCD): The Data Communications Division focuses on West Bridge communication products, peripheral controllers, dual-port interconnects, programmable logic devices and PowerPSoC® which includes our EZ-Color LED lighting solutions. Our communication products are primarily used in the networking and telecommunications market. This division also makes a line of legacy switches, cable drivers and equalizers for the professional video market. Our specialty memory products consist of first-in, first-out and dual port memories. First-in, first-out (FIFO) memories are used for applications such as switches and routers, and dual port memories are used in switching applications and handsets, including networking switches and routers, cellular base stations, mass storage devices, mobile handsets, and telecommunication equipment. The following table summarizes the markets and applications related to our products in this segment:
West Bridge® Peripheral Bridge Controllers. Our West Bridge products enable direct connection between peripherals, creating ultra-fast transfers while offloading the main processor from data-intensive operations. The West Bridge family complements the main processor by adding support for next generation and latest standards and allowing simultaneous transfers between peripherals and processing elements. West Bridge controllers are three-ported devices designed specifically for handsets to provide a direct path from PC to handset mass storage, freeing baseband/applications processor resources by limiting its involvement in these high-density transfers. Additionally, West Bridge creates simultaneous usage models by adding dedicated paths between the three ports to literally create multiple usage models such as using the handset as a modem, while downloading multimedia files, and playing music. Cypress recently introduced the West Bridge Benicia product which is the first controller to bring USB 3.0 speed (5 Gbps) to mobile handsets. Dual-Port Memories. Dual ports, which can be accessed by two different processors or buses simultaneously, target shared-memory and switching applications, including networking switches and routers, cellular base stations, mass-storage devices and telecommunications equipment. We offer a portfolio of more than 160 synchronous and asynchronous dual-port interconnects ranging in densities from 8 Kbits to 36 Mbits with speeds of up to 250 MHz. Our dual ports are the compelling solutions for interprocessor communication in a broad range of applications. For high-volume multiprocessor applications (wireless handsets, PDAs, consumer) we offer the MoBL dual port, providing a low cost, quick time-to-market interconnect solution with the industrys lowest power-consumption. 9 Table of ContentsFIFO Memories. FIFOs are used as a buffer between systems operating at different frequencies. Our high-performance FIFO products provide the ideal solution to interconnect problems such as flow control, rate matching, and bus matching. Our FIFO portfolio is comprised of more than 100 synchronous and asynchronous memories in a variety of speeds, bus widths, densities and packages. Using industry-standard pinouts, these products are easily integrated into new and existing designs. Unidirectional, bidirectional, tri-bus and double sync configurations are available with built-in expansion logic and message-passing capabilities for various markets including video, data communications, telecommunications and network switching/routing. In 2011, Cypress introduced the industrys highest density FIFOs at 72 Mbits. Physical Layer Devices. Our portfolio includes HOTLink, HOTLinkDX and HOTLinkII. These transceiver families cover data transmission rates of 50 Mbps up to 1.5 Gbps. These flexible devices are ideal for proprietary serial backplane applications. They also comply with many industry standards such as 10 Gbps Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Enterprise System Connection, Digital Video Broadcast, and high-definition television. In addition, we supply a chipset for the transmission of digital video signals. This chipset is based on our HOTLink family and is widely used in professional digital video equipment such as editing, routing, recording and storage. Programmable Logic Devices. System logic performs non-memory functions such as floating-point mathematics or the organization and routing of signals throughout a computer system. We manufacture several types of programmable logic devices that facilitate the replacement of multiple standard logic devices with a single programmable device, increasing flexibility and reducing time to market. Our wide range of programmable logic devices includes products ranging from 32 to more than 3,000 macrocells. PowerPSoC®. Cypresss Power PSoC® family of embedded power controllers is the industrys first fully integrated single-chip solution for both controlling and driving high-power LEDs and other power applications such as small motors. The PowerPSoC family integrates four constant-current regulators and four 32V MOSFETs with our PSoC® programmable system-on-chip, which includes a microcontroller, programmable analog and digital blocks and memory. This uniquely high level of integration provides customers with a single-chip solution for high-quality LED-based lighting products and extends into other embedded applications such as white goods and industrial control. Powerline Communications Solutions. In 2010, Cypress introduced a PSoC®-based programmable Powerline Communication (PLC) solution that enables the reliable transmission of command and control data over high-and low-voltage power lines. The hardware platform combines a modem, network protocol and application code with PSoC®s programmable analog and digital circuitry, providing an integrated solution that speeds time-to-market. Key applications include smart metering, LED lighting, energy management and solar markets. Cypresss PLC solution was named a 2010 Editors Choice award recipient by Industrial Embedded Systems Magazine. Memory Products Division (MPD): Our Memory Products Division designs and manufactures SRAM products and nonvolatile SRAMs (nvSRAMs) which are used to store and retrieve data in networking, wireless infrastructure and handsets, computation, consumer, automotive, industrial and other electronic systems. Cypress is the worlds No.1 supplier of SRAMs due to its broad portfolio of high-performance, synchronous SRAMs, consolidation within the supply base and additional share gains with strategic global customers. Our memory products target a variety of markets including networking, telecommunications, wireless communications and consumer applications. In 2011, we reaffirmed our commitment to the SRAM market with investments in new product development for next generation of high-performance synchronous SRAMs to extend the QDR architecture with new products in 2012. We have also completed a major capacity expansion with one of our foundry partners that triples the capacity for our advanced 65-nm SRAM products with very low lead-times. In addition, we are also investing in a new wafer manufacturing process technology and expanding our patented autoline packaging and test capability that dramatically cuts our packaging time and cost. 10 Table of ContentsThe following table summarizes the markets and applications related to our products in this segment:
Asynchronous SRAMs. We manufacture a wide selection of fast asynchronous and micropower SRAMs with densities ranging from 16 Kbits to 64 Mbits. These memories are available in many combinations of bus widths, packages and temperature ranges including automotive. They are ideal for use in point-of-sale terminals, gaming machines, network switches and routers, IP phones, IC testers, DSLAM Cards and various automotive applications. In 2010, Cypress introduced the markets first 32-bit and 64-bit fast asynchronous SRAMs targeting storage servers, switches, routers, test and military equipment. Synchronous SRAMs. Our high-speed synchronous SRAMs include standard synchronous pipelined, No Bus Latency (NoBL), Quad Data Rate, and Double Data Rate SRAMs, and are typically used in networking applications. NoBL synchronous SRAMs are optimized for high-speed applications that require maximum bus bandwidth up to 250 MHz, including those in the networking, instrumentation, video and simulation businesses. Double Data Rate (DDR) SRAMs target network applications and servers that operate at data rates up to 550 MHz. Quad Data Rate (QDR®) products are targeted toward next-generation networking applications, particularly switches and routers that operate at data rates beyond 550 MHz and offer twice the bus bandwidth of DDR SRAMs. In 2011, Cypress introduced the industrys first 65-nm QDR and DDR SRAMs. The 144-Mbit and 72-Mbit devices, developed with foundry partner UMC, feature the industrys fastest clock speeds and operate at half the power of their 90-nm predecessors. They are ideal for networking, medical imaging and military signal processing. nvSRAMs. nvSRAMs are products that operate similar to standard asynchronous SRAM and reliably store data into an internal nonvolatile array during unanticipated power downs. The competitive advantage of an nvSRAM is infinite endurance and much faster read/write speed than a serial flash or EEPROM. Additionally, these high-speed nonvolatile SRAM devices can store data for more than 20 years without battery backup. These memories are ideal for redundant array of independent disks (RAID) storage arrays, metering applications, multifunction printers and other industrial applications, such as PLCs. Additionally, we have our 1-Mbit serial nonvolatile SRAM family and our 4-Mbit and 8-Mbit parallel nvSRAMs with an integrated real-time clock, providing failsafe battery-free data backup in mission-critical applications. Emerging Technologies: Cypresss Emerging Technology Division consists of businesses outside our core semiconductor business. It includes majority-owned subsidiaries Cypress Envirosystems, Inc., AgigA Tech, Inc. and Deca Technologies, Inc. It also includes internal business units Optical Navigation Sensors (ONS), Trackpad Solutions, China Business Unit, foundry services, other development stage activities and certain corporate expenses. Cypress Envirosystems, Inc., a majority-owned and fully independent subsidiary of Cypress, develops and markets technologies for commercial and industrial plants and buildings to reduce cost, improve productivity, extend asset life, and improve safety and compliance. Its products include a wireless pneumatic thermostat that enables remote temperature sensing and control, a wireless gauge reader that clips onto the face of existing gauges to capture and transmit data, a wireless steam trap monitor that detects leaks and failures, and a wireless transducer reader that provides energy-use characterization and baseline data for audits. It has formed a strategic partnership with Honeywell to sell a custom version of its Wireless Gauge Reader under the Honeywell brand label. 11 Table of ContentsAgigA Tech, Inc. AgigA Tech, a majority-owned and fully independent subsidiary of Cypress, is an industry pioneer in the development of high-speed, high-density, battery-free non-volatile memory solutions. Its flagship product, AGIGARAM, merges NAND Flash, DRAM and an ultracapacitor power source into a highly reliable non-volatile memory subsystem, delivering unlimited read/write performance at RAM speeds, while also safely backing up all data when power is interrupted. The patent pending approach couples innovations in power management, high-speed data movement and systems knowledge, while leveraging high volume readily available memory technologies to provide a unique non-volatile solution scalable to very high densities. In 2011, AgigA Tech won a Red Herring Top 100 award. Deca Technologies, Inc. (Deca). Deca is a majority-owned and fully independent subsidiary of Cypress Semiconductor. Headquartered in Tempe, AZ., and with global capabilities, Deca has pioneered a breakthrough approach to wafer level packaging and interconnect technology inspired by SunPower Corporations unique solar wafer fabrication methodology. Decas initial product offering includes a series of wafer level chip scale packaging (WLCSP) solutions serving several of the top 25 semiconductor producers. Decas approach enables industry leading cycle times, flexibility and value for WLCSP which is one of the semiconductor industrys fastest growing electronic interconnect technologies. Optical Navigation Sensors. (ONS) Our OvationONS laser-based optical navigation sensor replaces mechanical trackball types of user interfaces in smartphones, tablet PCs, remote controls, e-book readers, wired and wireless mice and industrial applications. The sensor delivers fast and precise tracking on more surfaces than other sensors on the market, using our patented OptiCheck technology, which offers outstanding accuracy and variable resolution ranging from 800 to 2,400 counts per inch. Based on Cypresss PSoC® programmable system-on-chip platform, the OvationONS II mouse-on-a-chip solution is the first product combining a precision laser navigation sensor with an optical signal processor and microcontroller on a single chip. Trackpad Solutions. Cypress has applied its capacitive sensing expertise to the trackpad market for laptop computers. Trackpads offer cursor control and other functions, and Cypresss solution has been adopted by multiple PC manufacturers. China Business Unit. Centered in Shanghai, Cypresss China Business Unit designs and produces semiconductor solutions for the China marketplace. Early product successes include PSoC®-based solutions for electric bicycles, consumer electronics, and white goods. The China Business Unit is also licensing Cypress technology to foundries throughout Asia. Acquisitions and Divestitures We are committed to the ongoing evaluation of strategic opportunities and, where appropriate, to the acquisition of additional products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to, or broaden the markets for, our products. At the same time, we continuously evaluate our businesses to ensure that they are well-aligned with our programmable and proprietary products strategy. Businesses that do not align with our strategy are considered for divestment. As part of Cypresss continued efforts to focus on programmable products including our flagship PSoC® programmable system-on-chip solutions and our TrueTouch touch-sensing controllers, we divested our image sensors product families and sold them to ON Semiconductor Corporation (ON) on February 27, 2011 in an all cash transaction for a consideration of approximately $34 million. For additional information on this divestiture, see Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8. Manufacturing Our core manufacturing strategyflexible manufacturingcombines capacity from foundries with output from our internal manufacturing facilities. This initiative is intended to allow us to meet rapid swings in customer demand while lessening the burden of high fixed costs, a capability that is particularly important in high-volume consumer markets that we serve with our leading programmable product portfolio. 12 Table of ContentsWe currently manufacture approximately 42% of our semiconductor products at our wafer manufacturing facility in Bloomington, Minnesota. External wafer foundries, mainly in Asia, manufactured the balance of our products and we expect that our wafer foundry partners will continue to increase as a percentage of total output. We conduct assembly and test operations at our highly automated assembly and test facility in the Philippines. This facility accounts for approximately 35% to 45% of the total assembly output and 40% to 50% of the total test output. Various subcontractors in Asia performed the balance of the assembly and test operations. Our facility in the Philippines performs assembly and test operations manufacturing volume products and packages where our ability to leverage manufacturing costs is high. This facility has ten fully integrated, automated manufacturing lines enabling complete assembly and test operations. These autolines require fewer people to run and have shorter manufacturing cycle times than conventional assembly/test operations, which enable us to respond more rapidly to changes in demand. We have a strategic foundry partnership with Grace Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (Grace), located in Shanghai, China. Our agreement with them transferred certain proprietary process technologies to Grace and provided additional production capacity to augment output from our manufacturing facilities. Since 2007, when we completed the transfer of our 0.35-micron SONOS, 0.13-micron SRAM and LOGIC processes and 0.09-micron SRAM, we have been purchasing products from Grace that are manufactured using these processes. In conjunction with our partnership with Grace, we made certain pre-payments to them in fiscal 2011 to secure a certain supply of wafers. The pre-payments are expected to be applied to purchases of wafers from Grace over a period of two years commencing from February 23, 2011. As of January 1, 2012, the unapplied pre-payment balance was approximately $8.1 million. We also have a strategic foundry partnership with United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), located in Taiwan. We use UMCs 65nm process to produce our leading edge SRAM products which we have been shipping since 2008. Since 2008, we have continuously introduced higher density SRAM products up to 144Mb. Additionally, we have utilized UMCs 65nm baseline to create derivative processes and products. These derivatives include an embedded flash process to support the next generation programmable system-on-chip and nvSRAM products as well as a derivative utilized to manufacture our USB 3.0 controller. Research and Development Research and development efforts are focused on the development and design of new semiconductor products, as well as the continued development of advanced software platforms primarily for our programmable solutions. Our goal is to increase efficiency in order to maintain our competitive advantage. Our research and development organization works closely with our manufacturing facilities, suppliers and customers to improve our semiconductor designs and lower our manufacturing costs. During fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, research and development expenses totaled $190.0 million, $176.8 million and $181.2 million, respectively. We have both central and division-specific design groups that focus on new product creation and improvement of design methodologies. These groups conduct ongoing efforts to reduce design cycle time and increase first pass yield through structured re-use of intellectual property blocks from a controlled intellectual property library, development of computer-aided design tools and improved design business processes. Design and related software development work primarily occurs at design centers located in the United States, Europe, India and China. Customers, Sales and Marketing We sell our semiconductor products through several channels: sales through global domestically-based distributors; sales through international distributors and manufacturing representative firms; and sales by our sales force to direct original equipment manufacturers and their manufacturers. Our marketing and sales efforts are organized around five regions: North America, Europe, Japan, Greater China, and the rest of Asia. We also 13 Table of Contentshave a strategic-account group and a contract-manufacturing group which are responsible for specific customers with worldwide operations. We augment our sales effort with field application engineers, specialists in our products, technologies and services who work with customers to design our products into their systems. Field application engineers also help us identify emerging markets and new products. Outstanding accounts receivable from Arrow Electronics, Inc., Arkian and Avnet, Inc., three of our distributors, accounted for 14.1%, 13.9% and 11.1% of our consolidated accounts receivable as of January 1, 2012, respectively. Outstanding accounts receivable from Avnet, Inc., accounted for 17% of our consolidated accounts receivable as of January 2, 2011. Revenue generated through Avnet, Inc. and Weikeng Industrial Co. Ltd., two of our distributors, accounted for 12.8% and 11.2%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2011. Samsung Electronics (Samsung), an end customer, purchases our products from certain of our distributors, primarily from Arkian. Shipments made by our distributors to Samsung in fiscal 2011 accounted for 10.0% of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2011. Revenue generated through Avnet, Inc. and Arrow Electronics, Inc. accounted for 15% and 10%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2010. Revenue through Avnet, Inc accounted for 14% of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2009. We had no end customers accounting for 10% or greater of our consolidated revenue for fiscal 2010 or 2009. Backlog Our sales typically rely upon standard purchase orders for delivery of products with relatively short delivery lead times. Customer relationships are generally not subject to long-term contracts. However, we have entered into long-term supply agreements with certain customers. These long-term supply agreements generally do not contain minimum purchase commitments. Products to be delivered and the related delivery schedules under these long-term contracts are frequently revised to reflect changes in customer needs. Accordingly, our backlog at any particular date is not necessarily representative of actual sales for any succeeding period and we believe that our backlog is not a meaningful indicator of future revenues. Competition The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and continually evolving. This intense competition results in a challenging operating environment for most companies in this industry. This environment is characterized by the potential erosion of product sale prices over the life of each product, rapid technological change, limited product life cycles, greater brand recognition and strong domestic and foreign competition in many markets. Our ability to compete successfully depends on many factors, including:
We face competition from domestic and foreign semiconductor manufacturers, many of which have advanced technological capabilities and have increased their participation in the markets in which we operate. We compete with a large number of companies primarily in the telecommunications, networking, data communications, computation and consumer markets. Companies who compete directly with our semiconductor businesses include, but are not limited to, Altera, Analog Devices, Atmel, Freescale, Integrated Device 14 Table of ContentsTechnology, GSI Technology, Integrated Silicon Solution, Inc., Lattice Semiconductor, Linear Technology, Maxim Integrated Products, Microchip Technology, Renesas, Samsung, Silicon Laboratories, Standard Microsystems, Synaptics, Texas Instruments and Xilinx. Environmental Regulations We use, generate and discharge hazardous chemicals and waste in our research and development and manufacturing activities. United States federal, state and local regulations, in addition to those of other foreign countries in which we operate, impose various environmental rules and obligations, which are becoming increasingly stringent over time, intended to protect the environment and in particular regulate the management and disposal of hazardous substances. We also face increasing complexity in our product design as we adjust to new and future requirements relating to the materials composition of our products, including the restrictions on lead and other hazardous substances that apply to specified electronic products put on the market in the European Union (Restriction on the Use of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC, also known as the RoHS Directive) and similar legislation in China and California. We are committed to the continual improvement of our environmental systems and controls. However, we cannot provide assurance that we have been, or will at all times be, in complete compliance with all environmental laws and regulations. Other laws impose liability on owners and operators of real property for any contamination of the property even if they did not cause or know of the contamination. While to date we have not experienced any material adverse impact on our business from environmental regulations, we cannot provide assurance that environmental regulations will not impose expensive obligations on us in the future, or otherwise result in the incurrence of liability such as the following:
Intellectual Property We have an active program to obtain patent and other intellectual property protection for our proprietary technologies, products and other inventions that are aligned with our strategic initiatives. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks and proprietary information to maintain and enhance our competitive position in the domestic and international markets we serve. As of the end of fiscal 2011, we had approximately 1,800 issued patents and approximately 1,000 additional patent applications on file domestically and internationally. In addition, in fiscal 2012, we are preparing to file up to 120 new patent applications in the United States and up to 75 foreign applications in countries such as China, Taiwan, Korea, Europe and India. The average remaining life of our patent portfolio is approximately 10 years. In addition to factors such as innovation, technological expertise and experienced personnel, we believe that patents are increasingly important to remain competitive in our industry, defend our position in existing markets and to facilitate the entry of our proprietary products, such as PSoC®, into new markets. As our technologies are deployed in new applications and we face new competitors, we will likely subject ourselves to new potential infringement claims and discover third party infringement of our intellectual property. Patent litigation, if and when instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managements attention and resources. However, we are committed to vigorously defending and protecting our investment in our intellectual property. Therefore, the strength of our intellectual property program, including the breadth and depth of our portfolio, will be critical to our success in the new markets we intend to pursue. In connection with our divestiture of unaligned and non-strategic businesses, we performed an analysis of our intellectual property portfolio to ensure we were deriving the full value of our assets. As a result, we continue to evaluate certain unaligned patents as well as other monetization models for our patent portfolio. 15 Table of ContentsFinancial Information about Segments and Geographic Areas Financial information about segments and geographic area is incorporated herein by reference to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8. International revenues have historically accounted for a significant portion of our total revenues. Our manufacturing and certain finance operations in the Philippines, as well as our sales and support offices and design centers in other parts of the world, face risks frequently associated with foreign operations, including, but not limited to:
To the extent any such risks materialize, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed. Employees As of January 1, 2012, we had approximately 3,400 employees worldwide, slightly down from approximately 3,500 employees as of January 2, 2011. Geographically, approximately 1,100 employees were located in the Philippines, 900 employees were located in the United States and 1,400 employees were located in other countries. Of the total employees, approximately 1,800 employees were associated with manufacturing, 800 employees were associated with research and development, and 800 employees were associated with selling, general and administrative functions. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement, nor have we ever experienced organized work stoppages. Executive Officers of the Registrant Certain information regarding each of our executive officers is set forth below:
T.J. Rodgers is founder of Cypress and has been a Director and its President and Chief Executive Officer since 1982. Mr. Rodgers sits on the board of directors of Cypresss internal subsidiaries as well as Bloom 16 Table of ContentsEnergy, a privately held fuel cell company. Mr. Rodgers is also a member of the Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College. Brad W. Buss joined Cypress in 2005 as Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining Cypress, Mr. Buss served as Vice President of Finance at Altera Corporation, a provider of programmable logic solutions. Mr. Buss spent seven years as a finance executive with Wyle Electronics, a provider of high tech services for aerospace, life sciences and information systems, culminating as Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of the Atlas Services division. Mr. Buss was also a member of Cisco Systems worldwide sales finance team. In addition, Mr. Buss served as Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer and Secretary at Zaffire, a developer of optical services networking systems. Mr. Buss currently serves as a board member of certain internal subsidiaries and CafePress.com, a private company, as well as Tesla Motors, a publicly listed company. Sabbas A. Daniel was appointed Executive Vice President of Quality in 2006. Prior to his current position, Mr. Daniel has held various management positions responsible for Cypresss reliability and field quality organizations. Mr. Daniel joined Cypress in 1998. Prior to joining Cypress, he worked at Samsung in Korea as director of Reliability in the System LSI, memory, LCD, and Alpha microprocessor operations. Alan Hawse was named Executive Vice President of Software Development in October 2011. Mr. Hawse started his career with Cypress in 1991 and held several new product development management and engineering positions that involved electronic design automation, device modeling and new product information systems. Prior to his current position, Mr. Hawse served as Cypresss Vice President of Information Technology. Paul D. Keswick has served as Executive Vice President of New Product Development, Engineering, IT since 1996. Prior to his current position, Mr. Keswick has held various management positions, including Vice President and General Manager for various business divisions. Mr. Keswick has been with Cypress since 1986. Badri Kothandaraman started his career with Cypress in 1995 and was named Executive Vice President of the Data Communications Division in November 2011. In addition to managing DCD, Mr. Kothandaraman also serves as the Executive Director of Cypress Semiconductor Technology India Private Limited. Prior to assuming his current positions, Mr. Kothandaraman held various management roles in memory design, including serving as the Vice President of the Asynchronous, Specialty Memory, Clocks and Non-volatile products business units. Dana C. Nazarian was named Executive Vice President of Memory Products Division in February 2009. Mr. Nazarian started his career with Cypress in 1988. Prior to his current position, Mr. Nazarian held various management positions, which included oversight of significant operations in our Round Rock, Texas facility and Vice President of our Synchronous SRAM business unit. Cathal Phelan re-joined Cypress in late 2008 as Executive Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, having left Cypress in early 2006. In 2006, Mr. Phelan left to become Chief Executive Officer/President at Ubicom Inc., a venture capital backed company delivering multi-threaded CPUs. Prior to 2006, Mr. Phelan held a number of engineering and management roles at Cypress, predominantly in design and architecture and then as Executive Vice President for the Data Communications Division. Mr. Phelan originally joined Cypress in 1991, and has 37 granted U.S. patents. Dinesh Ramanathan was named Executive Vice President of Programmable Systems Division in November 2011. Prior to his current appointment, Dr. Ramanathan served as the Executive Vice President of Data Communications Division from 2005 to 2011. Dr. Ramanathan also served as a Business Unit Director for the specialty memory and communications business units. Prior to joining Cypress in 2004, Dr. Ramanathan held senior marketing and engineering positions at Raza Microelectronics, a semiconductor company, Raza Foundries, a semiconductor company and Forte Design Systems, an electronic design automation company. Christopher A. Seams was named Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing in 2005. Prior to his current appointment, Mr. Seams was Executive Vice President of Manufacturing and Research and 17 Table of ContentsDevelopment. Mr. Seams joined Cypress in 1990 and has held a variety of positions in technical and operational management in manufacturing, development and foundry. Shahin Sharifzadeh is Executive Vice President of Worldwide Manufacturing and Operations, responsible for directing Cypresss process technology R&D, wafer manufacturing, test, assembly and operations worldwide. Prior to his current position, Mr. Sharifzadeh served as Cypresss Vice President of R&D and Wafer Manufacturing. Mr. Sharifzadeh joined Cypress in 1989. Tom Surrette was named Executive Vice President of Human Resources in September 2008. After working at Philips/Signetics in software, test and product engineering roles, Mr. Surrette joined Cypress in July 1990 and has held a series of engineering, manufacturing and technical management, marketing and product development roles. Mr. Surrette has served as the Business Unit Director for Micropower SRAM and Synchronous SRAM, the Vice President for Non-Volatile Memory and the Sr. Vice President of Worldwide Operations. Norman P. Taffe was named Executive Vice President of Consumer and Computation Division in 2005. Prior to his current position, Mr. Taffe has held numerous positions, including Marketing Director of the programmable logic and interface products divisions, Managing Director of our mergers and acquisitions and venture funds, Managing Director of the wireless business unit and most recently, Vice President of the Personal Communications Division. Mr. Taffe joined Cypress in 1989 and currently serves as a board member of the Second Harvest Food Bank. The executive officers of our majority-owned subsidiaries are as follows:
Timothy L. Olson founded Deca Technologies, Inc. and has been a Director and its President and Chief Executive Officer since 2009. Prior to establishing Deca Technologies, Mr. Olson was Senior Vice President of Research & Development and the Emerging Technologies businesses with Amkor Technology, a semiconductor company. Mr. Olson was also previously Executive Vice President of Products and Operations at Micro Component Technology, a manufacturer of automatic testing and handling equipment Vice President of Fico b.v., a developer of packaging solutions for the semiconductor industry and was an Operations and Development Manager at Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector. Mr. Olson has held a technical advisory board position with Cypress since 1998. Ronald Sartore was appointed Chief Executive Officer of AgigA Tech, Inc. in 2007. AgigA Tech, Inc. was originally a subsidiary of Simtek Corporation, a public company Cypress acquired in 2008. Mr. Sartore has over 30 years of experience in the computer and semiconductor fields. Prior to his current role, Mr. Sartore served as an Executive Vice President and director of Simtek Corporation. Prior to tenure at Simtek, Mr. Sartore served as a Vice President of several business units at Cypress, which he joined as a result of Cypresss 1999 acquisition of Anchor Chips, a company Mr. Sartore founded in 1995. Prior to Anchor Chips, Mr. Sartore held various engineering and management roles at Cheetah International, a supplier of software systems, which he co-founded in 1985. Harry Sim was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Cypress Envirosystems in 2006. Prior to Cypress Envirosystems, Mr. Sim was with Honeywell from 1991 to 2006, where he was most recently the Global Vice-President of Marketing for Honeywells Industrial Process Control division. During his 15 years with Honeywell, Mr. Sim held executive positions in general management, strategy, mergers and acquisitions. Prior to Honeywell, Mr. Sim worked at GE, where he was a Payload Director at NASAs Mission Control Center in Houston. Available Information We make available our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the 18 Table of ContentsSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, free of charge on our website at www.cypress.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Additionally, copies of materials filed by us with the SEC may be accessed at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 or at www.sec.gov. For information about the SECs Public Reference Room, contact 1-800-SEC-0330.
Current unfavorable economic and market conditions, domestically and internationally, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We have significant customer sales both in the U.S. and internationally. We are also reliant upon U.S. and international suppliers, manufacturing partners and distributors. We are therefore susceptible to adverse U.S. and international economic and market conditions, including the challenging economic conditions that have prevailed and continue to prevail in the U.S. and worldwide. The recent turmoil in the financial markets has resulted in dramatically higher borrowing costs which have made it more difficult (in some cases, prohibitively so) for many companies to obtain credit and fund their working capital obligations. If any of our manufacturing partners, customers, distributors or suppliers experiences serious financial difficulties or ceases operations, our business will be adversely affected. In addition, the adverse impact of the credit crisis on consumers, including higher unemployment rates, is expected to adversely impact consumer spending, which will adversely impact demand for consumer products such as certain end products in which our chips are embedded. For example, in the first quarter of fiscal 2011, we experienced a revenue shortfall due to a sudden decline in consumer demand for tablet products which incorporate our products. Our TrueTouch family of products, which is highly concentrated in consumer markets, is also susceptible to declines in consumer demand that may arise from adverse economic conditions. In addition, prices of certain commodities, including oil, metals, grains and other food products, are volatile and are subject to fluctuations arising from changes in domestic and international supply and demand, labor costs, competition, market speculation, government regulations and periodic delays in delivery. High or volatile commodity prices increase the cost of doing business and adversely affect consumers discretionary spending. As a result of the difficulty that businesses (including our customers) may have in obtaining credit, the increasing and/or volatile costs of commodities and the decreased consumer spending that is the likely result of the credit market crisis, unemployment and commodities price volatility, continued global economic and market turmoil are likely to have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The trading price of our common stock has been and will likely continue to be volatile due to various factors, some of which are beyond our control, and each of which could adversely affect our stockholders value. The trading price of our common stock has been and will likely continue to be volatile due to various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:
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Further, the stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a companys securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managements attention and resources. We face significant volatility in supply and demand conditions for our products, and this volatility, as well as any failure by us to accurately forecast future supply and demand conditions, could materially and negatively impact our business. The semiconductor industry has historically been characterized by wide fluctuations in the demand for, and supply of, semiconductors. Demand for our products depends in large part on the continued growth of various electronics industries that use our products, including, but not limited to:
Any downturn or reduction in the growth of these industries could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, our TrueTouch family of products is highly concentrated in consumer markets which are susceptible to changes in the general economy. We order materials and build our products based primarily on our internal forecasts, customer and distributor forecasts and secondarily on existing orders, which may be cancelled under many circumstances. Because our markets are volatile and subject to rapid technological and price changes, our forecasts may be inaccurate, causing us to make too many or too few of certain products. Also, our customers frequently place orders requesting product delivery almost immediately after the order is made, which makes forecasting customer demand even more difficult, particularly when supply is abundant. If we experience inadequate demand or a significant shift in the mix of product orders that makes our existing capacity and capability inadequate, our fixed costs per semiconductor produced will increase, which will harm our financial condition and results of operations. Alternatively, if we should experience a sudden increase in demand, we will need to quickly ramp our inventory and/or manufacturing capacity to adequately respond to our customers. If we or our manufacturing partners are unable to ramp our inventory or manufacturing capacity in a timely manner or at all, we risk losing our customers business, which could have a negative impact on our financial performance and reputation. If we fail to compete successfully in our highly competitive industry and markets, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be seriously harmed. The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive. This intense competition results in a difficult operating environment that is marked by erosion of average selling prices over the life of each product and rapid technological change resulting in limited product life cycles. In order to offset selling price decreases, we attempt to decrease the manufacturing costs of our products and to introduce new, higher priced products that incorporate advanced features. If these efforts are not successful or do not occur in a timely manner, or if our newly introduced products do not gain market acceptance, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. 20 Table of ContentsOur ability to compete successfully in the rapidly evolving semiconductor technology industry depends on many factors, including:
Although we believe we currently compete effectively in the above areas to the extent they are within our control, given the pace of change in the industry, our current abilities are not guarantees of future success. If we are unable to compete successfully in this environment, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be seriously harmed. If we fail to develop, introduce and sell new products or fail to develop and implement new technologies, our financial results could be adversely impacted. Like many semiconductor companies, which operate in a highly competitive, quickly changing environment marked by rapid obsolescence of existing products, our future success depends on our ability to develop and introduce new products that customers choose to buy. Our new products, for example PSoC®3 and 5 and TrueTouch are an important strategic focus for us and therefore, they tend to consume a significant amount of resources. The new products the market requires tend to be increasingly complex, incorporating more functions and operating at faster speeds than old products. Increasing complexity generally requires smaller features on a chip. This makes manufacturing new generation of products substantially more difficult than prior generations. Despite the significant amount of resources we commit to new products, there can be no guarantee that such products will perform as expected or at all, be introduced on time to meet customer schedules or gain market acceptance. If we fail to introduce new product designs in a timely manner or are unable to manufacture products according to the requirements of these designs, or if our customers do not successfully introduce new systems or products incorporating our products, or market demand for our new products does not materialize as anticipated, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed. The complex nature of our manufacturing activities, our broad product portfolio, and our increasing reliance on third party manufacturers makes us highly susceptible to manufacturing problems and these problems can have a substantial negative impact on us if they occur. Making semiconductors is a highly complex and precise process, requiring production in a tightly controlled, clean environment. Even very small impurities in our manufacturing materials, defects in the masks used to print circuits on a wafer or other problems in the wafer fabrication process can cause a substantial percentage of wafers to be rejected or numerous chips on each wafer to be non-functional. We and, similarly, our 21 Table of Contentsthird party foundry partners, may experience problems in achieving an acceptable success rate in the manufacture of wafers and the likelihood of facing such difficulties is higher in connection with the transition to new manufacturing methods. The interruption of wafer fabrication or the failure to achieve acceptable manufacturing yields at any of our facilities, or the facilities of our third-party foundry partners, would seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may also experience manufacturing problems in our assembly and test operations and in the introduction of new packaging materials. We are increasingly dependent upon third-parties to manufacture, distribute, generate a significant portion of our sales, fulfill our customer orders and transport our product. Problems in the performance or availability of these companies could seriously harm our financial performance. Although a majority of our products were fabricated in our manufacturing facilities located in Minnesota and the Philippines, we rely to a significant extent on independent contractors to manufacture our products. We expect to increase this reliance on third-party manufacturing in the future. For example, in December 2008, we substantially completed the exit of our manufacturing facility in Texas and transferred certain production to our more cost-competitive facility in Minnesota and outside foundries. In addition, if market demand for our products exceeds our internal manufacturing capacity and available capacity from our foundry partners, we may seek additional foundry manufacturing arrangements. A shortage in foundry manufacturing capacity, which is more likely to occur at times of increasing demand, could hinder our ability to meet demand for our products and therefore adversely affect our operating results. In addition, greater demand for wafers produced by any such foundries without an offsetting increase in foundry capacity raises the likelihood of potential wafer price increases. Our operations would be disrupted if any of our foundry partners terminates its relationship with us or has financial issues and we are unable to arrange a satisfactory alternative to fulfill customer orders on a timely basis and in a cost-effective manner. However, there are only a few foundry vendors that have the capabilities to manufacture our most advanced products. If we engage alternative sources of supply, we may encounter start-up difficulties and incur additional costs. Also, shipments could be delayed significantly while these sources are qualified for volume production. The recent earthquake and tsunami in Japan and the aftermath have created significant economic uncertainty in that country. While we do not have significant operations in Japan, certain of our raw materials are sourced there. Based on a review of our extended semiconductor supply chain, we do not foresee any significant impact in the near term on our ability to supply product to our customers due to the earthquake in Japan, the floods in Thailand or any other disasters that could occur in the world. We will continue to monitor these situations and any potential impact on our business. While a high percentage of our products are assembled, packaged and tested at our manufacturing facility located in the Philippines, we rely on independent subcontractors to assemble, package and test the balance of our products. We cannot be certain that these subcontractors will continue to assemble, package and test products for us on acceptable economic and quality terms or at all and it might be difficult for us to find alternatives if they do not do so. Our channel partners include distributors and resellers. We continue to expand and change our relationships with our distributors and see an increase in the proportion of our revenues generated from our distributor channel in the future. Worldwide sales through our distributors accounted for approximately 72% of our net sales in fiscal year 2011. We rely on many distributors to assist us in creating customer demand, providing technical support and other value-added services to our customers, filling customer orders and stocking our products. We face ongoing business risks due to our reliance on our channel partners to create and maintain customer relationships where we have a limited or no direct relationship. Should our relationships with our channel partners or their effectiveness decline, we face the risk of declining demand which could affect our results of operations. Our contracts with our distributor may be terminated by either party upon notice. In addition, our distributors are located all over the world and are of various sizes and financial conditions. Any disruptions to our distributors operations such as lower sales, lower earnings, debt downgrades, the inability to access capital markets and higher interest rates could have an adverse impact on our business. 22 Table of ContentsWe also rely on independent carriers and freight haulers to move our products between manufacturing plants and our customers facilities. Transport or delivery problems due to their error or because of unforeseen interruptions in their business due to factors such as strikes, political instability, terrorism, natural disasters or accidents could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations and ultimately impact our relationship with our customers. We may be unable to protect our intellectual property rights adequately and may face significant expenses as a result of ongoing or future litigation. The protection of our intellectual property rights, as well as those of our subsidiaries, is essential to keeping others from copying the innovations that are central to our existing and future products. It may be possible for an unauthorized third party to reverse-engineer or decompile our software products. The process of seeking patent protection can be long and expensive and we cannot be certain that any currently pending or future applications will actually result in issued patents, or that, even if patents are issued, they will be of sufficient scope or strength to provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to us. Furthermore, our flexible fab initiative requires us to enter into technology transfer agreements with external partners, providing third party access to our intellectual property and resulting in additional risk. In some cases, these technology transfer and/or license agreements are with foreign companies and subject our intellectual property to foreign countries which may afford less protection and/or result in increased costs to enforce such agreements. We anticipate that we will continue to enter into these kinds of licensing arrangements in the future. Consequently, we may become involved in litigation, in the United States or abroad, to enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets and know-how, to determine the validity or scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of invalidity. We are also from time to time involved in litigation relating to alleged infringement by us of others patents or other intellectual property rights. Moreover, a key element of our strategy is to enter new markets with our products. If we are successful in entering these new markets, we will likely be subject to additional risks of potential infringement claims against us as our technologies are deployed in new applications and face new competitors. We may be unable to detect the unauthorized use of, or take appropriate steps to enforce, our intellectual property rights, particularly in certain international markets, making misappropriation of our intellectual property more likely. Patent litigation, if necessary or if and when instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managements attention and resources. Other companies or entities also have commenced, and may again commence, actions seeking to establish the invalidity of our patents. In the event that one or more of our patents are challenged, a court may invalidate the patent(s) or determine that the patent(s) is not enforceable, which could harm our competitive position. If our key patents are invalidated, or if the scope of the claims in any of these patents is limited by court decision, we could be prevented from licensing the invalidated or limited portion of such patents. Such adverse decisions could negatively impact our revenues. Intellectual property litigation is frequently expensive to both the winning party and the losing party and could take up significant amounts of managements time and attention. In addition, if we lose such a lawsuit, a court could find that our intellectual property rights are invalid, enabling our competitors to use our technology, or require us to pay substantial damages and/or royalties or prohibit us from using essential technologies. For these and other reasons, this type of litigation could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, although in certain instances we may seek to obtain a license under a third partys intellectual property rights in order to bring an end to certain claims or actions asserted against us, we may not be able to obtain such a license on reasonable terms or at all. We believe we have meritorious defenses and claims in our current litigation and we intend to defend and pursue such claims vigorously. Unfortunately, such litigation and other claims are subject to inherent uncertainties. We also rely on trade secret protection for our technology, in part through confidentiality and other written agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties. Through these and other written agreements, we attempt to control access to and distribution of our intellectual property documentation and other proprietary technology information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, former employees, consultants or 23 Table of Contentsthird parties may, in an unauthorized manner, attempt to use, copy or otherwise obtain and market or distribute our intellectual property rights or technology or otherwise develop a product with the same functionality as our technology. Policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights is difficult, and nearly impossible on a worldwide basis. Therefore, we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken or will take in the future will prevent misappropriation of our technology or intellectual property rights, particularly in foreign countries where we do business or where our technology is sold or used, where the laws may not protect proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States or where the enforcement of such laws is not common or effective. If credit market conditions do not continue to improve or if they worsen, it could have a material adverse impact on our investment portfolio. The ongoing U.S. sub-prime mortgage defaults and the global financial, economic and credit issues have had a significant impact across various sectors of the financial markets, causing global credit and liquidity issues. If the global credit market does not continue to improve or if it deteriorates, our investment portfolio may be impacted and we could determine that some of our investments are impaired. This could materially adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. We face additional problems and uncertainties associated with international operations that could seriously harm us. International revenues historically accounted for a significant portion of our total revenues. Our manufacturing, assembly, test operations and certain finance operations located in the Philippines, as well as our international sales offices and design centers, face risks frequently associated with foreign operations including but not limited to:
To the extent any such risks materialize, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed. We compete with others to attract and retain key personnel, and any loss of, or inability to attract, such personnel would harm us. To a greater degree than most non-technology companies, we depend on the efforts and abilities of certain key members of management and other technical personnel. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to retain such personnel and to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel, particularly product and process engineers. We compete for these individuals with other companies, academic institutions, government entities and other organizations. Competition for such personnel is intense and we may not be successful in hiring or retaining new or existing qualified personnel. Equity awards are critical to our ability to hire and retain such key personnel. In addition, we may also need to significantly increase our cash based compensation significantly. Our financial results could be adversely impacted if our Emerging Technologies businesses fail to develop and successfully bring to market new and proprietary products. We have made a financial and personnel commitment to our Emerging Technologies businesses. Despite the significant amount of resources we commit to our Emerging Technologies businesses, there can be no guarantee 24 Table of Contentsthat such Emerging Technologies businesses will perform as expected or at all, launch new products and solutions as expected or gain market acceptance. If our Emerging Technologies businesses fail to introduce new product and solutions or successfully develop new technologies, or if our customers do not successfully introduce new systems or products incorporating the products or solutions offered by our Emerging Technologies businesses or market demand for the products or solutions offered by our Emerging Technologies businesses do not materialize as anticipated, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed. Any guidance that we may provide about our business or expected future results may differ significantly from actual results. From time to time we have shared our views in press releases or SEC filings, on public conference calls and in other contexts about current business conditions and our expectations as to potential future results. Correctly identifying the key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process especially in these very uncertain economic times. Our analyses and forecasts have in the past and, given the complexity and volatility of our business, will likely in the future, prove to be incorrect and could be materially incorrect. We offer no assurance that such predictions or analyses will ultimately be accurate, and investors should treat any such predictions or analyses with appropriate caution. Any analysis or forecast that we make which ultimately proves to be inaccurate may adversely affect our stock price. We are subject to many different environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and directives, and compliance with them may be costly. We are subject to many different international, federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations related to, among other things, the storage, use, discharge and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used in our manufacturing process and the health and safety of our employees. Compliance with these regulations can be costly. We cannot assure you that we have been, or will be at all times in complete compliance with such laws and regulations. If we violate or fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by the regulators. Under certain environmental laws, we could be held responsible, without regard to fault, for all of the costs relating to any contamination at our or our predecessors past or present facilities and at third party waste disposal sites. We could also be held liable for any and all consequences arising out of human exposure to such substances or other environmental damage. Over the last several years, there has been increased public awareness of the potentially negative environmental impact of semiconductor manufacturing operations. This attention and other factors may lead to changes in environmental regulations that could force us to purchase additional equipment or comply with other potentially costly requirements. If we fail to control the use of, or to adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances under present or future regulations, we could face substantial liability or suspension of our manufacturing operations, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. We face increasing complexity in our product design as we adjust to new and future requirements relating to the material composition of our products, including the restrictions on lead and other hazardous substances that apply to specified electronic products put on the market in the European Union (Restriction on the Use of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC, also known as the RoHS Directive) and similar legislation in China and California. Other countries, including at the federal and state levels in the United States, are also considering laws and regulations similar to the RoHS Directive. Certain electronic products that we maintain in inventory may be rendered obsolete if they are not in compliance with the RoHS Directive or similar laws and regulations, which could negatively impact our ability to generate revenue from those products. Our customers and other companies in the supply chain may require us to certify that our products are RoHS compliant. Although we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any such new laws and regulations, they will likely result in additional costs or decreased revenue, and could require that we redesign or change how we manufacture our products. 25 Table of ContentsBusiness disruptions could seriously harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. Our worldwide operations could be disrupted by earthquakes, telecommunications failures, power or water shortages, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics or pandemics and other natural or man-made disasters or catastrophic events, for which we are predominantly self-insured. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could result in significant losses, seriously harm our revenue and financial condition, adversely affect our competitive position, increase our costs and expenses, and require substantial expenditures and recovery time in order to fully resume operations. Our corporate headquarters, and a portion of our research and development activities, are located in California, and other critical business operations and some of our suppliers are located in California and Asia, near major earthquake faults known for seismic activity. The manufacture of product components, the final assembly of our products and other critical operations are concentrated in certain geographic locations, including the Philippines, China and India. We also rely on major logistics hubs primarily in Asia to manufacture and distribute our products. Our operations could be adversely affected if manufacturing, logistics or other operations in these locations are disrupted for any reason, including natural disasters, information technology system failures, military actions or economic, business, labor, environmental, public health, regulatory or political issues. The ultimate impact on us, our significant suppliers and our general infrastructure of being located near major earthquake faults and being consolidated in certain geographical areas is unknown. However in the event of a major earthquake or other natural disaster or catastrophic event, our revenue, profitability and financial condition could suffer. In late July 2011, Thailand experienced severe flooding that caused widespread damage to the local manufacturing industry. We obtain certain components from suppliers with operations in Thailand that were and continue to be severely impacted by the flooding. If we are unable to support our ongoing demand for these components, our business, revenues, gross margins and results of operations may be adversely affected. System security risks, data protection breaches, cyber-attacks and systems integration issues could disrupt our internal operations, and any such disruption could reduce our expected revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation and adversely affect our stock price. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate our network security and misappropriate or compromise our confidential and proprietary information, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. Computer programmers and hackers also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that attack our products or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities of our products. The costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cyber or other security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software programs and security vulnerabilities could be significant, and our efforts to address these problems may not be successful and could result in interruptions and delays that may impede our sales, manufacturing, distribution or other critical functions. We manage and store various proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to our business on the cloud. Breaches of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about us, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in litigation and potential liability for us, damage our brand and reputation or otherwise harm our business. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant. Portions of our IT infrastructure also may experience interruptions, delays or cessations of service or produce errors in connection with systems integration or migration work that takes place from time to time. We may not be successful in implementing new systems and transitioning data, which could cause business disruptions and be more expensive, time consuming, disruptive and resource-intensive. Such disruptions could adversely impact our ability to fulfill orders and interrupt other processes. Delayed sales, lower margins or lost customers resulting from these disruptions have adversely affected us in the past, and in the future could adversely affect, our financial results, stock price and reputation. 26 Table of ContentsWe maintain self-insurance for certain indemnities we have made to our officers and directors. Our certificate of incorporation, by-laws and indemnification agreements require us to indemnify our officers and directors for certain liabilities that may arise in the course of their service to us. We self-insure with respect to these indemnifiable claims. If we were required to pay a significant amount on account of these liabilities for which we self-insure, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. We may utilize debt financing and such indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, earnings per share and our ability to meet our payment obligations. We routinely incur indebtedness to finance our operations and at times we have had significant amounts of outstanding indebtedness and substantial debt service requirements. Our ability to meet our payment and other obligations under our indebtedness depends on our ability to generate significant cash flow. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control. There is no assurance that our business will generate cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our existing or any amended credit facilities or otherwise, in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet payment obligations under indebtedness we may under take from time to time. If we are not able to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, we may need to refinance or restructure our debt, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If we are unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations under any indebtedness we owe. As of January 1, 2012, our outstanding debt included $15.2 million capital leases, $14.1 million equipment loans and $16.4 million advances received for the sale of certain of our auction rate securities. See Note 13 for more information on equipment loans, Note 17 for more information on capital leases and Note 5 for more information on advances received for the sale of auction rate securities. Changes in U.S. tax legislation regarding our foreign earnings could materially impact our business. A majority of our revenue is generated from customers located outside the U.S. and a substantial portion of our assets, including employees, are located outside the U.S. Foreign withholding taxes and U.S. income taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings for certain non-U.S. subsidiaries, because such earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in the operations of those subsidiaries. In the past, the administration has considered initiatives which could substantially reduce our ability to defer U.S. taxes including: limitations on deferral of U.S. taxation of foreign earnings, eliminate utilization or substantially reduce our ability to claim foreign tax credits, and eliminate various tax deductions until foreign earnings are repatriated to the U.S. If any of these proposals are constituted into law, they could have a negative impact on our financial position and results of operations. We are subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the IRS), and from time to time we are subject to income tax audits or similar proceedings in other jurisdictions in which we do business, and as a result we may incur additional costs and expenses or owe additional taxes, interest and penalties which will negatively impact our operating result. We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions, and our determination of our tax liability is subject to review by applicable domestic and foreign tax authorities. The results of these US and certain foreign jurisdiction examinations may result in a decrease of our current estimate of unrecognized tax benefits or increase of actual tax liabilities which could negatively impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. 27 Table of ContentsThe accumulation of changes in our shares by 5-percent stockholders could trigger an ownership change for U.S. income tax purposes, in which case our ability to utilize our net operating losses would be limited and therefore impact our future tax benefits. Cypress is a publicly traded company whose stockholders can change on a daily basis. These changes are beyond our control. The U.S. Internal Revenue Code (Section 382) restricts a companys ability to benefit from net operating losses if a Section 382 Ownership Change occurs. An ownership change for purposes of U.S. tax law Section 382 may result from ownership changes that increase the aggregate ownership of 5-percent stockholders, by more than 50 percentage points over a testing period, generally three years (Section 382 Ownership Change). To our knowledge, we have not experienced a Section 382 Ownership Change. We cannot give any assurance that we will not experience a Section 382 Ownership Change in future years. Our ability to add or replace distributors is limited. Our distributors are contracted by us to perform two primary, yet distinct, functions that are difficult to replace:
In addition, our distributors expertise in the determination and stocking of acceptable inventory levels may not be easily transferable to a new distributor. Also, end customers may be hesitant to accept the addition or replacement of a distributor.
Our executive offices are located in San Jose, California. The following tables summarize our primary properties as of the end of fiscal 2011:
The manufacturing facility located in Round Rock, Texas ceased operations in fiscal 2008. The net book value of the remaining restructured assets that were classified as held for sale and included in Other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $6.9 million as of January 1, 2012 and January 2, 2011. We 28 Table of Contentsexpect to sell the facility within the next twelve months; however, there can be no assurance of this and our ability to complete the sale of any restructured assets may be impacted by economic and credit conditions. We continue to incur expenses related to ongoing maintenance and upkeep of the Texas facility until we complete the sale of the property. In the middle of fiscal 2011, one of our buildings consisting of 62,688 square feet located in San Jose, California was vacated and we began to market it for sale or lease. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011, we completed the sale of this building to a third party for approximately $5.1 million. Refer to Note 6 for more information on this transaction. In April 2011, we sold a building located in San Jose, California consisting of 75,732 square feet to a charitable organization for $4.0 million in exchange for a promissory note. Refer to Note 17 for more information on this transaction. We have additional leases for sales offices and design centers located in the United States, Asia and Europe. We believe that our current properties are suitable and adequate for our foreseeable needs. We may need to exit facilities as we continue to evaluate our business model and cost structure.
Information with respect to this item may be found in Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Not applicable. 29 Table of ContentsPART II
Market Information, Holders of Common Equity, Dividends and Performance Graph Effective November 12, 2009, our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the trading symbol CY. Prior to November 12, 2009, our common stock was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The following table sets forth the high and low per share prices for our common stock:
As of February 15, 2012, there were approximately 1,535 registered holders of record of our common stock. Dividends We initiated our first ever dividend program in the second quarter of fiscal 2011 and our Board declared cash dividends of $0.09 per share payable in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2011. Total cash dividends paid in fiscal 2011 were approximately $29.0 million. On December 8, 2011, our Board declared a cash dividend of $0.09 per share payable to holders of record of our common stock at the close of business day on January 5, 2012. This cash dividend was paid on January 19, 2012 and totaled approximately $13.8 million. No cash dividends were declared and paid in fiscal 2010 and 2009. 30 Table of ContentsThe following line graph compares the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock against the cumulative total return of the Standard and Poor (S&P) 500 Index and the S&P Semiconductors Index for the last five fiscal years: COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN* Among Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, the S&P 500 Index, and the S&P Semiconductors Index * $100 invested on 12/31/06 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Indexes calculated on month-end basis.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans Equity Compensation Plan Information: The following table summarizes certain information with respect to our common stock that may be issued under the existing equity compensation plans as of January 1, 2012:
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See Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 for further discussion of Cypresss stock plans. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities None. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers Stock Buyback Programs: $400 Million Program Authorized in Fiscal 2011 On September 20, 2011, our Board of Directors (the Board) authorized a new $400.0 million stock buyback program. The program allows us to purchase our common stock or enter into equity derivative transactions related to our common stock. The timing and actual amount expended with the new authorized funds will depend on a variety of factors including the market price of our common stock, regulatory, legal, and contractual requirements, and other market factors. The program does not obligate us to repurchase any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or suspended at any time at the discretion of our Board. The table below sets forth information with respect to repurchases of our common stock made during fiscal 2011 under this program:
32 Table of Contents$600 Million Program Authorized in Fiscal 2010 The $600.0 million stock buyback program authorized by our Board in October 2010 was completed in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. The following table sets forth information with respect to repurchases of our common stock made during fiscal 2011 and 2010 under this program:
$600 Million Program Authorized in Fiscal 2008 In fiscal 2008, our Board approved up to a total of $600.0 million that may be used for stock purchases under the stock repurchase program. During fiscal 2008, we used $375.6 million in cash to repurchase a total of approximately 37.1 million shares at an average share price of $10.13. During fiscal 2009, we used $46.3 million to repurchase approximately 5.8 million shares at an average share price of $8.00. On October 28, 2009, the Audit Committee of the Board voted to rescind the remaining $178.1 million available under the program for additional repurchases. Yield Enhancement Program (YEP): In fiscal 2009, the Audit Committee approved a yield enhancement strategy intended to improve the yield on our available cash. As part of this program, the Audit Committee authorized us to enter into short-term yield 33 Table of Contentsenhanced structured agreements, typically with maturities of 90 days or less, correlated to our stock price. Under the agreements we have entered into to date, we pay a fixed sum of cash upon execution of an agreement in exchange for the financial institutions obligations to pay either a pre-determined amount of cash or shares of our common stock depending on the closing market price of our common stock on the expiration date of the agreement. Upon expiration of each agreement, if the closing market price of our common stock is above the pre-determined price, we will have our cash investment returned plus a yield substantially above the yield currently available for short-term cash investments. If the closing market price is at or below the pre-determined price, we will receive the number of shares specified at the agreements inception. As the outcome of these arrangements is based entirely on our stock price and does not require us to deliver either shares or cash, other than the original investment, the entire transaction is recorded in equity. The shares received upon the maturing of a yield enhancement structure are included in our shares of common stock held in treasury in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under Item 8. We have entered into various yield enhanced structured agreements based upon a comparison of the yields available in the financial markets for similar maturities against the expected yield to be realized per the structured agreement and the related risks associated with this type of arrangement. We believe the risk associated with these types of agreements is no different than alternative investments available to us with equivalent counterparty credit ratings. All counterparties to a yield enhancement program have a credit rating of at least Aa2 or A as rated by major independent rating agencies. For all such agreements that matured to date, the yields of the structured agreements were far superior to the yields available in the financial markets primarily due to the volatility of our stock price and the pre-payment aspect of the agreements. The counterparty is willing to pay a premium over the yields available in the financial markets due to the structure of the agreement. The following table summarizes the activity of our settled yield enhanced structured agreements during fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009:
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The following selected consolidated financial data is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under Item 7, and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8:
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The Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve risks and uncertainties, which are discussed under Item 1A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY General Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress) delivers high-performance, mixed-signal, programmable solutions that provide customers with rapid time-to-market and exceptional system value. Our offerings include the flagship Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC®) families and derivatives such as CapSense touch sensing and TrueTouchTM solutions for touchscreens. We are the world leader in universal serial bus (USB) controllers, including the high-performance West Bridge solution that enhances connectivity and performance in multimedia handsets. We are also a leader in high-performance memories and programmable timing devices. We serve numerous markets including consumer, mobile handsets, computation, data communications, automotive, industrial and military. 36 Table of ContentsAs of the end of fiscal 2011, our organization included the following business segments:
Sale of Image Sensors Product Family As part of Cypresss continued efforts to focus on programmable products including our flagship PSoC® programmable system-on-chip solution and our TrueTouchTM touch-sensing controllers, we divested our image sensors product family by selling it to ON Semiconductor Corporation (ON) on February 27, 2011. Accordingly, the name of our Memory and Image Sensor Division was changed to Memory Products Division (MPD) to reflect the change in our business. For additional information on the sale of Image Sensors Product Family, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8. Manufacturing Strategy Our core manufacturing strategyflexible manufacturingcombines capacity from foundries with output from our internal manufacturing facilities. This initiative is intended to allow us to meet rapid swings in customer demand while lessening the burden of high fixed costs, a capability that is particularly important in high-volume consumer markets that we serve with our leading programmable product portfolio. Consistent with this strategy, our Board approved a plan in December 2007 to exit our manufacturing facility in Texas and transfer production to our more cost-competitive facility in Minnesota and outside foundries. We substantially completed our exit plan by the end of fiscal 2008. We continued to hold the property for sale as of January 1, 2012. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Revenues
37 Table of ContentsWe sold our image sensors product family in early 2011. The revenue pertaining to our image sensors product family for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 included in the Memory Products Division segment in the table above amounted to $7.6 million, $31.4 million and $24.9 million, respectively. For additional information on the sale of Image Sensors Product Family, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8. Consumer and Computation Division: Revenues from the Consumer and Computation Division increased by $168.5 million in fiscal 2011, or approximately 49.1%, compared to fiscal 2010. The increase was primarily driven by the increase in sales in our PSoC® family of products mainly due to much higher demand in our capacitive touchscreen applications in mobile devices and in tablets. Our PSoC® product families, including our touchscreen family, continued to gain new design wins, expanded our customer base and increased market penetration in a variety of end-market applications including mobile handsets, tablet computers, cameras, global positioning system devices GPS and other products. Revenues from the Consumer and Computation Division increased by $68.4 million in fiscal 2010, or approximately 24.9%, compared to fiscal 2009. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of approximately $52 million in sales of our PSoC® product families mainly due to higher demand, continued gains in new design wins, expansion of our customer base and increased market penetration in our capacitive and touchscreen applications in consumer devices. The increase was also attributable to the economic recovery experienced in fiscal 2010 compared to the market downturn in fiscal 2009. Memory Products Division: Revenues from the Memory Products Division decreased by $53.7 million in fiscal 2011, or approximately 13.2%, compared to fiscal 2010. The revenue decrease was primarily due to the decrease in sales of our SRAM products driven by decreased demand from wireless and wireline end customers and due to the sale of our image sensor business unit during the first quarter of fiscal 2011 which accounted for a decrease of $23.8 million in revenue in fiscal 2011 compared to fiscal 2010. Revenues from the Memory Products Division increased by $117.6 million in fiscal 2010, or approximately 40.8%, compared to fiscal 2009. The revenue increase was primarily attributable to increases of approximately $97.4 million in sales of our SRAM products driven by increased market share, higher demand from wireless and wireline end customers and the economic recovery experienced in fiscal 2010 compared to the market downturn in fiscal 2009. This increase was reduced by a one time revenue offset of $6.3 million for the settlement of our SRAM anti-trust lawsuit. Data Communications Division: Revenues from the Data Communications Division decreased by $10.6 million in fiscal 2011, or approximately 9.6%, compared to fiscal 2010. The decrease in revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease in sales of our communications products. Revenues from the Data Communications Division increased by $14.1 million in fiscal 2010, or approximately 14.6%, compared to fiscal 2009. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of approximately $22.7 million in sales of our communications products due to higher market demand, increased military shipments and the economic recovery experienced in fiscal 2010 compared to the market downturn in fiscal 2009. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $10.4 million in sales of our West Bridge controllers and other products resulting from lowered demand and shipments to a major cell phone manufacturer. 38 Table of ContentsEmerging Technologies and Other: Revenues from Emerging Technologies and Other increased by $13.6 million in fiscal 2011, or approximately 76.3%, compared to fiscal 2010. The revenue increase was primarily attributable to an overall increase in demand as certain of our Emerging Technologies divisions, mainly driven by our Optical Finger Navigation products for mobile devices, were beginning initial production ramps. Revenues from Emerging Technologies and Other increased by $9.7 million in fiscal 2010, or approximately 119.6%, compared to fiscal 2009. The revenue increase was primarily attributable to an overall increase in demand as certain of our Emerging Technologies divisions are beginning initial production ramps. Cost of Revenues/Gross Margin
Gross margin percentage declined slightly to 54.9% in fiscal 2011 from 55.7% in fiscal 2010 primarily due to product mix. The increase in the gross margin in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009 was primarily due to favorable product mix, increased factory utilization and higher absorption of fixed costs, resulting from increased production and a 24.0% increase in sales. In addition, stock-based compensation expense allocated to cost of revenues decreased by $18.1 million mainly due to lower amortization of the remaining modification charge recorded in connection with the Spin-Off in fiscal 2008. Research and Development (R&D)
R&D expenditures increased by $13.2 million in fiscal 2011, or approximately 7.4%, compared to fiscal 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to a $3.5 million increase in labor primarily driven by our new emerging technology division, Deca Technologies, Inc., a $2.8 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, $2.4 million increase in manufacturing supplies, approximately $3.0 million increase in R&D professional engineering services and approximately $1.5 million net increase in other miscellaneous R&D expenses. R&D expenditures decreased by $4.4 million in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $15.1 million reduction in stock-based compensation expense mainly due to lower amortization of the remaining modification charge recorded in connection with the Spin-Off which occurred in fiscal 2008. This decrease was offset by an increase of $5.9 million in certain bonus programs which paid out at higher levels as profitability increased in fiscal 2011 and a $4.0 million increase in labor costs due to a combination of a mandatory three week shutdown and a temporary salary reduction in fiscal 2010. 39 Table of ContentsSelling, General and Administrative (SG&A)
SG&A expenses increased by $9.5 million in fiscal 2011, or approximately 4.3%, compared to fiscal 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to a $5.6 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, which was driven mainly by a higher average stock price, a $2.0 million impairment charge we recognized in the third quarter of fiscal 2011 related to a building which we sold in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011, $1.4 million increase in facilities expenses and a $0.5 million increase in labor costs. SG&A expenses decreased by $1.1 million in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $16.3 million reduction in stock-based compensation expense mainly due to lower amortization of the remaining modification charge recorded in connection with the Spin-Off which occurred in fiscal 2008 This decrease was offset by an increase of $5.3 million in sales commissions due to higher revenues, a $4.9 million charge taken to write down a building to fair value that was vacated in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2010, a $3.1 million increase in legal expense primarily related to the SRAM litigation and $2.9 million increase for certain bonus programs which paid out at higher levels in 2010 due to increased profitability. Restructuring We recorded restructuring charges of $6.3 million, $3.0 million and $15.2 million during fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The determination of when we accrue for severance costs, and which accounting standard applies, depends on whether the termination benefits are provided under a one-time benefit arrangement or under an on-going benefit arrangement. The $6.3 million restructuring costs recognized in fiscal 2011 consisted primarily of personnel costs and was mainly due to the restructuring program announced in fiscal 2011. The $3.0 million restructuring cost recognized in fiscal 2010 was also primarily personnel costs and was due to the restructuring program announced in fiscal 2010. The $15.2 million restructuring cost recognized in fiscal 2009 consisted primarily of personnel costs and was due to the restructuring programs announced in fiscal 2009 and 2008. Refer to Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 for more detailed discussions on our restructuring programs for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009. Assets Held for Sale: Texas Facility The Texas facility ceased operations in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008. As management has committed to a plan to sell the assets associated with the facility, we have classified the assets as held for sale and recorded the assets at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. Fair value was determined by an analysis of market prices for similar assets. Due to the downturn and uncertainty in the commercial real estate market, we were unable to secure a buyer for the Texas facility. In fiscal 2010, we recorded a write-down of $1.5 million related to the assets. No write-down was recognized in fiscal 2011 and 2009. The net book value of the remaining restructured assets that were classified as held for sale and included in Other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was $6.9 million as of January 1, 2012 and January 2, 2011. Refer to Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 for more information on our assets held for sale. Gain on Divestitures As part of Cypresss continued efforts to focus on programmable products including our flagship PSoC® programmable system-on-chip solutions and our TrueTouch touch-sensing controllers, we divested our image 40 Table of Contentssensors product families and sold them to ON for a total cash consideration of $34.0 million. In connection with the divestiture, we recorded a gain of $34.3 million. We transferred approximately 80 employees to ON as part of this divestiture. Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 for more information on this transaction. We did not have any divestitures during fiscal 2010 and 2009. Interest and Other Income, Net The following table summarizes the components of interest and other income, net:
Employee Deferred Compensation Plan We have a deferred compensation plan, which provides certain key employees, including our executive management, with the ability to defer the receipt of compensation in order to accumulate funds for retirements on a tax-free basis. We do not make contributions to the deferred compensation plan and we do not guarantee returns on the investments. Participant deferrals and investment gains and losses remain as our liabilities and the underlying assets are subject to claims of general creditors. In fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, we recognized changes in fair value of the assets under the deferred compensation plan in Interest and other income, net of approximately $(0.9) million, $2.7 million and $5.2 million, respectively. The increase or decrease in the fair value of the investments relates to the increased or decreased performance of the portfolio on a year over year basis. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 for more information about our deferred compensation plan. Impairment of Investments We review our investments periodically for impairment and recognize an impairment loss when the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is considered other-than-temporary. In fiscal 2011 and 2009, we recognized impairment charges totaling approximately $0.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively. The impairment recognized in fiscal 2011 was related to the decline in value of our investments in non-marketable equity securities which was considered other-than-temporary and the impairment recognized in fiscal 2009 was primarily related to our investments in auction rate securities ($1.4 million) and non-marketable equity securities ($0.8 million). No impairment charges on our investments were recognized in fiscal 2010. For more information about our investments, refer to Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8. Gain on Sale of Investments in Marketable Equity Securities During fiscal 2010, we sold our equity investment in one publicly traded company for $4.7 million and recognized a gain of $3.6 million in Interest and other income, net. There were no investments in marketable equity securities that were sold in fiscal 2011 and 2009. 41 Table of ContentsIncome Taxes Our income tax benefit was $11.4 million in fiscal 2011, and our tax expense was $19.3 million and $5.9 million in fiscal 2010 and fiscal 2009, respectively. The tax benefit in fiscal 2011 was primarily attributable to a release of previously accrued taxes of approximately $22.4 million, partially offset by income taxes associated with our non-U.S. operations. The tax expense in fiscal 2010 and 2009 was primarily attributable to income taxes associated with our non-U.S. operations. Our effective tax rate varies from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to earnings of foreign subsidiaries taxed at different rates and a full valuation allowance on net operating losses incurred in the U.S. The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. We regularly assess our tax positions in light of legislative, bilateral tax treaty, regulatory and judicial developments in the many countries in which we and our affiliates do business. The IRS has completed its examination of fiscal years 2006-2008. The examination resulted in no material adjustments to our tax liabilities. In addition, non-U.S. tax authorities have completed their income tax examinations of our subsidiary in India for fiscal years 2002-2006 and our subsidiary in the Philippines for 2007. The proposed adjustments in India have been appealed, and we believe the ultimate outcome of these appeals will not result in a material adjustment to our tax liability. The Philippines examination for 2007 resulted in no material adjustments to our tax liabilities. Income tax examinations of our Philippine subsidiary for the 2008 -2010 fiscal years and our India subsidiary for the 2007-2008 fiscal years are in progress. We believe the ultimate outcome of these examinations will not result in a material adjustment to our tax liability. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The following table summarizes our consolidated cash and investments and working capital:
Key Components of Cash Flows
Fiscal 2011: In fiscal 2011, cash and cash equivalents decreased by approximately $163.5 million primarily due to the $516.4 million cash used in our financing activities, principally related to our stock buyback programs, partially offset by the cash generated from our operating and investing activities of approximately $283.8 million and $69.1 million, respectively. 42 Table of ContentsOperating Activities In fiscal 2011, net cash provided by operating activities was $283.8 million compared to $262.7 million in fiscal 2010. Operating cash flows for fiscal 2011 were primarily driven by higher net income adjusted for certain non-cash items including stock-based compensation of approximately $100.8 million, depreciation and amortization of approximately $53.5 million, and partially offset by changes in our working capital. The significant changes in our working capital as of January 1, 2012 compared to January 2, 2011 were as follows:
Investing Activities In fiscal 2011, net cash provided by investing activities was $69.1 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $150.7 million in fiscal 2010. The cash we generated from our investing activities in fiscal 2011 was primarily due to $110.0 million net proceeds from the sales or maturities and purchases of available for sale investments, $34.0 million proceeds from the sale of image sensor business unit and $6.3 million proceeds from sales of certain property and equipment, partially offset by $80.6 million of property and equipment expenditures. Financing Activities In fiscal 2011, net cash used in financing activities was $516.4 million compared to $92.4 million in fiscal 2010. The cash we used in our financing activities in fiscal 2011 was primarily due to $604.8 million cash used to repurchase shares of our stock and cash used for our yield enhancement structured agreements settling in our stock, $46.0 million related to statutory income tax withholdings paid on vested restricted stock awards in lieu of issuing shares of stock and $29.0 million dividends paid in fiscal 2011, partially offset by the net proceeds of $71.2 million from the issuance of common shares under our employee stock plans, $49.9 million net cash generated from our yield enhancement structured agreements that were settled in cash and $42.3 million cash generated from equipment loans and other financing arrangements. Fiscal 2010: In fiscal 2010, cash and cash equivalents increased by approximately $19.6 million primarily due to the cash generated from our operating and investing of $262.7 million, partially offset by $150.7 million and $92.4 million cash used in our investing and financing activities, respectively. Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $173.4 million in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009. Operating cash flows in fiscal 2010 were primarily driven by net income of $74.9 million from operations adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges and changes in operating assets and liabilities. The changes in our working capital as of January 2, 2011 compared to January 3, 2010 were as follows:
43 Table of ContentsInvesting Activities Net cash used in investing activities increased by $107.6 million in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009. During fiscal 2010, our investing activities primarily included the $50.8 million of property and equipment expenditures offset by the purchase of investments of $103.1 million, net of proceeds from sales or maturities. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities `increased by $85.0 million in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009. During fiscal 2010, our financing activities primarily included a net of $149.2 million used on the yield enhancement structured agreements, $25.9 million used to repurchase our common shares and partially offset by net proceeds of $82.8 million from the issuance of common shares under our employee stock plans. Fiscal 2009: Operating Activities Operating cash flows in fiscal 2009 were primarily driven by a net loss of $151.4 million adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, loss on property and equipment, impairment losses, restructuring charges and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Investing Activities Net cash used in our investing activities in fiscal 2009 was approximately $43.1 million, which was primarily due to $25.8 million property and equipment expenditures and $22.3 million net purchases of available-for-sale investments, partially offset by $5.7 million proceeds from sales of property and equipment. Financing Activities Net cash used in our financing activities in fiscal 2009 was approximately $7.4 million, which was primarily due to the redemption of our convertible debt for $51.6 million, $46.3 million cash used to repurchase shares of our stock and $15.5 million related to statutory income tax withholdings paid on vested restricted stock awards in lieu of issuing shares of stock, partially offset by the $101.6 million proceeds from the issuance of common shares under our employee stock plans, $3.3 million proceeds from the termination of a portion of the convertible note hedge and warrants related to our 1.00% Notes and $1.0 million net cash generated from our yield enhancement structured agreements that were settled in cash. Liquidity Stock Repurchase Programs: On October 21, 2010, our Board authorized a $600.0 million stock buyback program, which we completed in fiscal 2011. In fiscal 2010, we used approximately $29.0 million of this program to repurchase a total of approximately 1.7 million shares at an average share price of $17.07. In fiscal 2011, we used the remaining $571.0 million to repurchase approximately 30.9 million shares at an average share price of $18.46. On September 20, 2011, our Board authorized a new $400.0 million stock buyback program. The program allows us to purchase our common stock or enter into equity derivative transactions related to our common stock. The timing and actual amount expended with the new authorized funds will depend on a variety of factors including the market price of our common stock, regulatory, legal, and contractual requirements, alternatives uses of cash, availability of on shore cash and other market factors. The program does not obligate us to repurchase any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or suspended at any time at our discretion. From September 2011 through the end of fiscal 2011, we used approximately $79.8 million from this program to repurchase approximately 5.1 million shares at an average share price of $15.77. As of January 1, 2012, $320.2 million remained available for future stock repurchases. 44 Table of ContentsYield Enhancement Program (YEP): As discussed in Item 5 above and in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8, we have entered into yield enhanced structured agreements since fiscal 2009. In fiscal 2011, we entered into short-term yield enhanced structured agreements with maturities of 50 days or less for an aggregate price of approximately $318.4 million. Upon settlement of these agreements, we received approximately $143.8 million in cash and 9.5 million shares of common stock at an average share price of $19.01. In fiscal 2010, we entered into short-term yield enhanced structured agreements with maturities of 45 days or less for an aggregate price of approximately $322.8 million. Upon settlement of these agreements, we received approximately $217.5 million in cash and 10.0 million shares of our common stock at an average share price of $11.49. In fiscal 2010, there was a YEP agreement that we entered into for an aggregate price of approximately $43.9 million which remained unsettled as of the end of fiscal 2010. Such agreement was subsequently settled in the first quarter of fiscal 2011 for approximately $47.0 million. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, we entered into short-term yield enhanced structured agreements totaling $68.0 million with maturities of 30 days or less. We settled these agreements in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 and received $69.1 million in cash. Refer to Item 5 and Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 for a detailed discussion on this program and the related activities in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009. Auction Rate Securities: The fair value of our investments in auction rate securities (ARS) was approximately $19.0 million as of January 1, 2012. In December 2011, we entered into a settlement and securities purchase agreement (the Securities Agreement) with a certain financial institution. Pursuant to the terms of the Securities Agreement, we agreed to sell to the financial institution certain of our ARS investments with an aggregate par value of approximately $19.1 million and carrying value of approximately $17.3 million for an aggregate sale price of approximately $16.4 million. Under the terms of the Securities Agreement, we have the option to repurchase from the financial institution any of the ARS we sold to them until November 30, 2013 for the amount at which the related ARS were sold plus agreed upon funding costs. Because of our ability to repurchase the ARS from the date of sale through November 30, 2013, we maintain effective control of these ARS. As such, we did not account for the transaction as a sale and recognized the $16.4 million sale consideration we received as Advances received for the sale of ARS under Other long-term liabilities in the 2011 Consolidated Balance Sheet. We will continue to account for these ARS as if we never sold them until they are called or the expiration of our call option under the Securities Agreement. Refer to Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 for a detailed discussion on this transaction. Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of January 1, 2012:
45 Table of ContentsAs of January 1, 2012, our unrecognized tax benefits were $29.8 million, which were classified as long-term liabilities. We believe it is possible that we may recognize approximately $2.5 to $3.5 million of our existing unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months as a result of the lapse of statutes of limitations and the resolution of agreements with domestic and various foreign tax authorities. Capital Resources and Financial Condition Our long-term strategy is to maintain a minimum amount of cash for operational purposes and to invest the remaining amount of our cash in interest-bearing and highly liquid cash equivalents and debt securities and the purchase of our stock through our stock buyback program and payments of regularly scheduled cash dividends. As of January 1, 2012, in addition to $99.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, we had $66.6 million invested in short-term investments for a total cash and short-term investment position of $166.3 million that is available for use in current operations. As of January 1, 2012, approximately 30% our cash and cash equivalents and available for sale investments are offshore funds. While these amounts are primarily invested in U.S. dollars, a portion is held in foreign currencies. All offshore balances are exposed to local political, banking, currency control and other risks. In addition, these amounts, if repatriated may be subject to tax and other transfer restrictions. We believe that liquidity provided by existing cash, cash equivalents and investments and our borrowing arrangements will provide sufficient capital to meet our requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, should prevailing economic conditions and/or financial, business and other factors beyond our control adversely affect our estimates of our future cash requirements, we could be required to fund our cash requirements by alternative financing. There can be no assurance that additional financing, if needed, would be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. We may choose at any time to raise additional capital or debt to strengthen our financial position, facilitate growth, enter into strategic initiatives including the acquisition of other companies repurchases of shares of stock or payment of dividends and provide us with additional flexibility to take advantage of other business opportunities that arise. Non-GAAP Financial Measures Regulation G, conditions for use of Non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Non-GAAP) financial measures, and other SEC regulations define and prescribe the conditions for use of certain Non-GAAP financial information. To supplement our consolidated financial results presented in accordance with GAAP, we use Non-GAAP financial measures which are adjusted from the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures to exclude certain items, as described below. Management believes that these Non-GAAP financial measures reflect an additional and useful way of viewing aspects of our operations that, when viewed in conjunction with our GAAP results, provide a more comprehensive understanding of the various factors and trends affecting our business and operations. Non-GAAP financial measures used by us include gross margin, research and development expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses, operating income or loss, net income or loss and basic and diluted net income or loss per share. Our Non-GAAP measures primarily exclude stock-based compensation, acquisition-related charges, impairments to goodwill, gain or losses on divestiture, investment-related gains and losses, discontinued operations, restructuring costs and other special charges and credits. Management believes these Non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our strategic and business decision making, internal budgeting, forecasting and resource allocation processes. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures facilitate managements internal comparisons to our historical operating results and comparisons to competitors operating results. We use each of these non-GAAP financial measures for internal managerial purposes, when providing our financial results and business outlook to the public, to facilitate period-to-period comparisons and are used to formulate our formula driven cash bonus plan and any milestone based stock awards. Management believes that 46 Table of Contentsthese non-GAAP measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our operational and financial performance of current and historical results. Management uses these non-GAAP measures for strategic and business decision making, internal budgeting, forecasting and resource allocation processes. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures facilitate managements internal comparisons to our historical operating results and comparisons to competitors operating results. The table below shows our Non-GAAP financial measures:
We believe that providing these Non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to the GAAP financial results, are useful to investors because they allow investors to see our results through the eyes of management as these Non-GAAP financial measures reflect our internal measurement processes. Management believes that these Non-GAAP financial measures enable investors to better assess changes in each key element of our operating results across different reporting periods on a consistent basis and provides investors with another method for assessing our operating results in a manner that is focused on the performance of our ongoing operations. 47 Table of ContentsCYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION RECONCILIATION OF GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (In thousands, except per-share data) (Unaudited)
48 Table of ContentsCYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION RECONCILIATION OF GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (In thousands, except per-share data) (Unaudited)
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the data used to prepare them. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and we are required to make estimates, judgments and assumptions in the course of such preparation. Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we re-evaluate our judgments and estimates including those related to revenue recognition, 49 Table of Contentsallowances for doubtful accounts receivable, inventory valuation, valuation of long-lived assets, goodwill and financial instruments, stock-based compensation, litigation and settlement costs, and income taxes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and our beliefs of what could occur in the future considering available information. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Our critical accounting policies that are affected by significant estimates, assumptions and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are as follows: Revenue Recognition: We generate revenues by selling products to distributors, various types of manufacturers including original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and electronic manufacturing service providers (EMSs). We recognize revenue on sales to OEMs and EMSs provided that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, title has transferred, collection of resulting receivables is reasonably assured, there are no customer acceptance requirements, and there are no remaining significant obligations. Sales to certain distributors are made under agreements which provide the distributors with price protection, other allowances and stock rotation under certain circumstances. Given the uncertainties associated with the rights given to these distributors, revenues and costs related to distributor sales are deferred until products are sold by the distributors to the end customers. Revenues are recognized from those distributors when the products have been sold to the end customers. Reported information includes product resale price, quantity and end customer shipment information as well as remaining inventory on hand. At the time of shipment to those distributors, we record a trade receivable for the selling price since there is a legally enforceable right to receive payment, relieve inventory for the value of goods shipped since legal title has passed to the distributors, and defer the related margin as deferred margin on sales to distributors in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The effects of distributor price adjustments are recorded as a reduction to deferred revenue at the time the distributors sell the products to the end customers. We record as a reduction to revenues reserves for sales returns, price protection and allowances, based upon historical experience rates and for any specific known customer amounts. We also provide certain distributors and EMSs with volume-pricing discounts, such as rebates and incentives, which are recorded as a reduction to revenues at the time of sale. Historically these volume discounts have not been significant. Our revenue reporting is highly dependent on receiving pertinent, accurate and timely data from our distributors. Distributors provide us periodic data regarding the product, price, quantity, and end customer when products are resold as well as the quantities of our products they still have in stock. Because the data set is large and complex and because there may be errors in the reported data, we must use estimates and apply judgments to reconcile distributors reported inventories to their activities. Actual results could vary materially from those estimates. Allowances for Doubtful Accounts Receivable: We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for losses that we estimate will arise from our customers inability to make required payments. We make estimates of the collectibility of our accounts receivable by considering factors such as historical bad debt experience, specific customer creditworthiness, the age of the accounts receivable balances and current economic trends that may affect a customers ability to pay. If the data we use to calculate the allowance for doubtful accounts does not reflect the future ability to collect outstanding receivables, additional provisions for doubtful accounts may be needed and our results of operations could be materially affected. Valuation of Inventories: Management periodically reviews the adequacy of our inventory reserves. We record a write-down for our inventories which have become obsolete or are in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value. We 50 Table of Contentsperform a detailed review of inventories each quarter that considers multiple factors including demand forecasts, product life cycle status, product development plans and current sales levels. Inventory reserves are not relieved until the related inventory has been sold or scrapped. Our inventories may be subject to rapid technological obsolescence and are sold in a highly competitive industry. If there were a sudden and significant decrease in demand for our products, or if there were a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer requirements, we could be required to record additional write-downs, and our gross margin could be adversely affected. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets: Our business requires heavy investment in manufacturing facilities and equipment that are technologically advanced but can quickly become significantly under-utilized or rendered obsolete by rapid changes in demand. In addition, we have recorded intangible assets with finite lives related to our acquisitions. We evaluate our long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Factors considered important that could result in an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets or the strategy for our business, significant negative industry or economic trends, and a significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period of time. Impairments are recognized based on the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value, and fair value is generally measured based on discounted cash flow analysis. If there is a significant adverse change in our business in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges on our long-lived assets. Valuation of Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill impairment exists when the implied fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value. The carrying amount of goodwill at January 1, 2012 was $31.8 million in the Consumer and Computation Division (CCD) and was unchanged from the balance at January 2, 2011. CCD is the only reportable business segment with goodwill. We assess our goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and, if certain events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have been incurred, on an interim basis. In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08 -Testing Goodwill for Impairment (ASC Topic 350) that was intended to reduce the complexity and costs by allowing an entity the option to make a qualitative evaluation about the likelihood of goodwill impairment to determine whether it should calculate the fair value of a reporting unit. The issuance of ASU 2011-08 provides an entity the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the current two-step test for goodwill impairment. If an entity believes, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. We adopted ASU 2011-08 in fiscal 2011. The fair value of CCD was substantially in excess of its carrying amount based on the quantitative assessment of goodwill that we performed in fiscal 2010. There have been no triggering events or changes in circumstances since that quantitative analysis to indicate that the fair value of CCD would be less than its carrying amount. We performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill in fiscal 2011 and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of CCD exceeded its carrying amount. In assessing the qualitative factors, we considered the impact of these key factors: (i) change in the industry and competitive environment; (ii) market capitalization; (iii) stock price; and (iv) overall financial performance such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings compared with actual and projected results of relevant prior periods. Based on the foregoing, the first and second steps of the goodwill impairment test were unnecessary for fiscal 2011 and goodwill was not impaired as of January 1, 2012. No goodwill impairment was recognized in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 because the fair value of CCD was more than its carrying value in those years. 51 Table of ContentsFair Value of Financial Instruments: Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Our financial assets and financial liabilities that require recognition under the guidance generally include available-for-sale investments, employee deferred compensation plan and foreign currency derivatives. The guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. As such, fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:
Availability of observable inputs can vary from instrument to instrument and to the extent that valuation is based on inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by our management in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. In regards to our auction rate securities, the income approach valuation model was based on both Level 2 (credit quality and interest rates) and Level 3 inputs. We determined that the Level 3 inputs were the most significant to the overall fair value measurement, particularly the estimates of risk adjusted discount rates and ranges of expected periods of illiquidity. Stock-Based Compensation: Under the fair value recognition provisions of the guidance, we recognize stock-based compensation net of an estimated forfeiture rate and only recognize compensation cost for those shares expected to vest over the requisite service period of the awards. Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the share-based payment awards and stock price volatility. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent managements best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, we 52 Table of Contentsare required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. If our actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, our future stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what we have recorded. Accounting for Income Taxes: Our global operations involve manufacturing, research and development and selling activities. Profits from non-U.S. activities are subject to local country taxes but are not subject to U.S. tax until repatriated to the U.S. It is our intention to permanently reinvest these earnings outside the U.S. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We consider historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. Should we determine that we would be able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, we would record an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance. This adjustment would increase income in the period such determination is made. The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate tax assessment, a further charge to expense would result.
Interest Rate Risks Our investment portfolio consists of a variety of financial instruments that exposes us to interest rate risk, including, but not limited to, money market funds, commercial paper and corporate securities. These investments are generally classified as available-for-sale and, consequently, are recorded on our balance sheets at fair market value with their related unrealized gain or loss reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders equity. Due to the relatively short-term nature of our investment portfolio, we do not believe that an immediate 10% increase in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio. Since we believe we have the ability to liquidate this portfolio, we do not expect our operating results or cash flows to be materially affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates on our investment portfolio. Foreign Currency Exchange Risk We operate and sell products in various global markets and purchase capital equipment using foreign currencies but predominantly the U.S. dollar. As a result, we are exposed to risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar may adversely affect our operating margins. For example, when foreign currencies appreciate against the U.S. dollar, inventory and expenses denominated in foreign currencies become more expensive. An increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products more expensive for international customers, thus potentially leading to a reduction in demand, and therefore in our sales and profitability. Furthermore, many of our competitors are foreign companies that could benefit from such a currency fluctuation, making it more difficult for us to compete with those companies. We cannot predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our business and results of operations. We analyzed our foreign currency exposure, including our hedging strategies, to identify assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies. For those assets and liabilities, we evaluated the effects of a 10% shift in exchange rates between those currencies and the U.S. dollar. We have determined that there would be an immaterial effect on our results of operations from such a shift. 53 Table of Contents
54 Table of ContentsCYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 55 Table of ContentsCYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 56 Table of ContentsCYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
57 Table of ContentsCYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 58 Table of ContentsCYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS