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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Transmission line capital costs
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The displacement or deferral of conventional AC transmission line installation is a key benefit associated with several technologies being developed with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management (OEM). Previous benefits assessments conducted within OEM have been based on significantly different assumptions for the average cost per mile of AC transmission line. In response to this uncertainty, an investigation of transmission line capital cost data was initiated. The objective of this study was to develop a database for preparing preliminary estimates of transmission line costs. An extensive search of potential data sources identified databases maintained by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) as superior sources of transmission line cost data. The BPA and WAPA data were adjusted to a common basis and combined together. The composite database covers voltage levels from 13.8 to 765 W, with cost estimates for a given voltage level varying depending on conductor size, tower material type, tower frame type, and number of circuits. Reported transmission line costs vary significantly, even for a given voltage level. This can usually be explained by variation in the design factors noted above and variation in environmental and land (right-of-way) costs, which are extremely site-specific. Cost estimates prepared from the composite database were compared to cost data collected by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for investor-owned utilities from across the United States. The comparison was hampered because the only design specifications included with the FERC data were voltage level and line length. Working within this limitation, the FERC data were not found to differ significantly from the composite database. Therefore, the composite database was judged to be a reasonable proxy for estimating national average costs.
Hughes, K.R.; Brown, D.R.
The Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Estimates of Congestion Costs. The Electricity Journal 17,Incremental Transmission Costs Due to Wind Power. Rockville,and Intermittency Really Cost? Supply Curves for Electricity
Mills, Andrew D.
Survey of Transmission Cost Allocation Methodologies for Regional Transmission Organizations
The report presents transmission cost allocation methodologies for reliability transmission projects, generation interconnection, and economic transmission projects for all Regional Transmission Organizations.
Fink, S.; Porter, K.; Mudd, C.; Rogers, J.
Transmission Valuation and Cost Recovery
This technical update provides information on the status of the electric power industry regarding the economic valuation of transmission projects. Such valuations became critical with the introduction of economic transmission projects in the context of competitive electricity markets. Economic valuation is also becoming increasingly important for traditional reliability upgrades, because of the need for consistency in cost allocations between the two types of upgrades. The year 2005 has brought significa...
Transmission Cost Allocation Methodologies for Regional Transmission Organizations
This report describes transmission cost allocation methodologies for transmission projects developed to maintain or enhance reliability, to interconnect new generators, or to access new resources and enhance competitive bulk power markets, otherwise known as economic transmission projects.
Fink, S.; Rogers, J.; Porter, K.
transmission cost barrier for wind energy. A secondary goalfocus on the cost of transmission for wind energy does notincremental cost of transmission for wind energy implied by
low unit transmission costs, there were still numerous studies with high transmission voltages that had much higher unit costs than studies with transmission lines
in calculating the unit cost of wind energy transmissionimpacts of the cost of transmission for wind energy. Only inj = Transmission cost per unit of wind energy weighted by
Mills, Andrew; Wiser, Ryan; Porter, Kevin
Low cost Image Transmission System
SciTech Connect
Throughout the Department of Energy (DOE) complex, sites protect themselves with intrusion detection systems. Some of these systems have sensors in remote areas. These sensors frequently alarm -- not because they have detected a terrorist skulking around the area, but because they have detected a horse, or a dog, or a bush moving in the breeze. Even though the local security force is 99% sure there is no real threat, they must assess each of these nuisance or false alarms. Generally, the procedure consists of dispatching an inspector to drive to the area and make an assessment. This is expensive in terms of manpower and the assessment is not timely. Often, by the time the inspector arrives, the cause of the alarm has vanished. A television camera placed to view the area protected by the sensor could be used to help in this assessment, but this requires the installation of high-quality cable, optical fiber, or a microwave link. Further, to be of use at the present time, the site must have had the foresight to have installed these facilities in the past and have them ready for use now. What is needed is a device to place between the television camera and a modem connecting to a low-bandwidth channel such as radio or a telephone line. This paper discusses the development of such a device: an Image Transmission System, or ITS.
Skogmo, D.
Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent Reports Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent Reports This study reviews reports of congestion...
The Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies Title The Cost of Transmission for Wind Energy: A Review of Transmission Planning Studies Publication Type Report Year of...
Transmission Planning and Wind Energy. Issue Brief. August.of new transmission for wind energy due to the complex andincreasingly including wind energy in transmission plans. We
The rapid development of wind power that the United States has experienced over the last several years has been coupled with a growing concern that wind development will require substantial additions to the nation's transmission infrastructure. Transmission is particularly important for wind power due to the locational dependence of wind resources, the relatively low capacity factor of wind plants, and the mismatch between the short lead time to build a new wind project and the longer lead time often needed to plan, permit, and construct transmission. It is clear that institutional issues related to transmission planning, siting, and cost allocation will pose major obstacles to accelerated wind power deployment, but also of concern is the potential cost of this infrastructure build out. Simply put, how much extra cost will society bear to deliver wind power to load centers? Without an answer to this question, there can be no consensus on whether or not the cost of developing transmission for wind will be a major barrier to further wind deployment, or whether the institutional barriers to transmission expansion are likely to be of more immediate concern. In this report, we review a sample of 40 detailed transmission studies that have included wind power. These studies cover a broad geographic area, and were completed from 2001-2008. Our primary goal in reviewing these studies is to develop a better understanding of the transmission costs needed to access growing quantities of wind generation. A secondary goal is to gain a better appreciation of the differences in transmission planning approaches in order to identify those methodologies that seem most able to estimate the incremental transmission costs associated with wind development. Finally, we hope that the resulting dataset and discussion might be used to inform the assumptions, methods, and results of higher-level assessment models that are sometimes used to estimate the cost of wind deployment (e.g. NEMS and WinDS). The authors and general location of the 40 detailed transmission studies included in our review are illustrated in Figure ES-1. As discussed in the body of the report, these studies vary considerably in scope, authorship, objectives, methodology, and tools. Though we recognize this diversity and are cognizant that comparisons among these studies are therefore somewhat inappropriate, we nonetheless emphasize such simple comparisons in this report. We do so in order to improve our understanding of the range of transmission costs needed to access greater quantities of wind, and to highlight some of the drivers of those costs. In so doing, we gloss over many important details and differences among the studies in our sample. In emphasizing simple comparisons, our analysis focuses primarily on the unit cost of transmission implied by each of the studies. The unit cost of transmission for wind in $/kW terms on a capacity-weighted basis is estimated by simply dividing the total transmission cost in a study by the total amount of incremental generation capacity (wind and non-wind) modeled in that study. In so doing, this metric assumes that within any individual study all incremental generation capacity imposes transmission costs in proportion to its nameplate capacity rating. The limitations to this approach are described in some detail in the body of the report.
Mills, Andrew D.; Wiser, Ryan; Porter, Kevin
Report on Transmission Cost Allocation for RTOs and Others (Presentation)
This presentation describes in summary fashion some present transmission cost allocation methods, especially as this relates to the development of utility-scale renewable power sources.
Coles, L.; Porter, K.
Application of EPRI's Transmission Services Costing Framework to the Development of Open Access Transmission Tariffs
Public utilities in the United States are expected to provide transmission services and ancillary services to eligible customers. This report documents how Centerior Energy Corporation developed a network integration transmission service tariff, a point-to-point transmission service tariff, and four ancillary services tariffs by applying EPRI's Transmission Services Costing Framework.
SEC). 2008. Form 10-K: Xcel Energy Inc. http://www.sec.gov/cost of transmission proposed in Xcel Energy 2001). SouthernApril. http://www.ftloutreach.com Xcel Energy Transmission
Electricity transmission congestion costs: A review of recent reports
Recently, independent system operators (ISOs) and others have published reports on the costs of transmission congestion. The magnitude of congestion costs cited in these reports has contributed to the national discussion on the current state of U.S. electricity transmission system and whether it provides an adequate platform for competition in wholesale electricity markets. This report reviews reports of congestion costs and begins to assess their implications for the current national discussion on the importance of the U.S. electricity transmission system for enabling competitive wholesale electricity markets. As a guiding principle, we posit that a more robust electricity system could reduce congestion costs; and thereby, (1) facilitate more vibrant and fair competition in wholesale electricity markets, and (2) enable consumers to seek out the lowest prices for electricity. Yet, examining the details suggests that, sometimes, there will be trade-offs between these goals. Therefore, it is essential to understand who pays, how much, and how do they benefit in evaluating options (both transmission and non-transmission alternatives) to address transmission congestion. To describe the differences among published estimates of congestion costs, we develop and motivate three ways by which transmission congestion costs are calculated in restructured markets. The assessment demonstrates that published transmission congestion costs are not directly comparable because they have been developed to serve different purposes. More importantly, critical information needed to make them more comparable, for example in order to evaluate the impacts of options to relieve congestion, is sometimes not available.
Lesieutre, Bernard C.; Eto, Joseph H.
Optimization of Transmission Line Design Using Life Cycle Costing
When an overhead line is designed, all costs incurred during the expected life of the line should be considered. The total cost during the life or life-cycle cost of a transmission line is a combination of the initial capital cost, operation and maintenance (O&M) cost, cost of electrical losses over its entire life, and dependability associated costs. The option that has the lowest life-cycle cost is selected as the optimized design. A tool is required by utility engineers to help them readily select an ...
Optimization of Transmission Line Design Using Life-Cycle Costing
When an overhead line is designed, all costs incurred during the expected life of the line should be considered. The total cost during the life, or life-cycle cost, of a transmission line is a combination of the initial capital cost, operation and maintenance (O&M) cost, cost of electrical losses over its entire life, and dependability-associated costs. The option that has the lowest life-cycle cost is selected as the optimized design. A tool is required by utility engineers to help them readily select a...
Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent Reports |
Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent Reports Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent Reports This study reviews reports of congestion costs and begins to assess their implications for the current national discussion on the importance of the U.S. electricity transmission system for enabling competitive wholesale electricity markets. As a guiding principle, we posit that a more robust electricity system could reduce congestion costs; and thereby, 1) facilitate more vibrant and fair competition in wholesale electricity markets, and 2)enable consumers to seek out the lowest prices for electricity. Yet, examining the details suggests that, sometimes, there will be trade-offs between these goals. Therefore, it is
Distributed Resource Cost Impacts on Transmission and Distribution Systems
This report examines distributed resource (DR) cost impacts on transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. It reviews and documents the cost structure of traditional T&D infrastructure and of DR technologies. It also shows economic analyses using the above costs for cases where DR is applied to solve T&D infrastructure problems and discusses the potential for DR to strand existing T&D investment. Finally, the report provides informative and interesting studies of cases in which utilities have used DR to...
Hard particle spectra from parallel shocks due to turbulence transmission
If taken into account, the transmission of the particle-scattering turbulence --in addition to just the particles-- through the shock front can change the effective compression ratio felt by the accelerating particles significantly from the compression of the underlying plasma. This can lead to significantly harder energy spectra than what are traditionally predicted assuming frozen-in turbulence. I consider the applicability and limitations of turbulence transmission scenario in parallel shock waves of different thickness, its consequences in AGN and microquasar environments, and discuss the possible effects to the spectrum of the accelerated particles.
Joni Tammi
Costs of Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Withdrawal
In recent years the area around Houston and Baytown, Texas, has been affected to an increasing degree by land subsidence. Sinking of the land surface has reached critical proportions in many areas, and subsidence of as much as eight feet has occurred. The severity of this phenomenon has been aggravated by the proximity of much of the affected area to bay waters, and tidal flooding has resulted in significant damages and property loss. Subsidence has been linked by engineers to the decline of subsurface water levels due to heavy ground water withdrawals in the area. An alternative source for water demands has been introduced, although price differentials have slowed its acceptance. Major objectives of this study included estimation of historical costs attributable to subsidence, projecting estimated costs, and examining the economics of the two alternatives for water supply. A study area of 300 square miles was identified and sampling of residences, businesses, and public officials was carried out. The cost data resulting from those samples formed the basis for economic analysis. Historical costs and property losses that were attributable to subsidence were estimated to be $60.7 million and $48.9 million, respectively, or $109.6 million total. Of the $109.6 million, $53.2 million were incurred in 1973, principally due to a six foot tide. Probability of the occurrence of a six foot tide in any one year is 20 percent. Given five additional feet of subsidence in the study area the occurrence of a six foot tide was projected to cause an estimated $63,5 million in costs and losses, $10.3 million more than were incurred in 1973. Estimated annual subsidence-related costs and losses of $14.6 million for the study area, based on 1969 to 1973 data, were used to evaluate total costs associated with supplying water needs from two alternative sources, A break-even analysis indicated that to minimize total water costs, pumping only that quantity of water that would result in no subsidence could be economically justified; i,e,, water needs or demand above that rate would need to be purchased from an alternative source. This implied that when pumping is continued to the point that subsidence occurs, the cost of pumping plus associated subsidence- related costs and losses exceed water costs from an alternative source, per unit of water.
Warren, J. P.; Jones, L. L.; Griffin, W. L.; Lacewell, R. D.
500 and 230 kV 765 kV and 800 kV HVDC 500 and 230 kV 500 kVmi) 138 and 345 kV 345 kV 345 kV 345 kV and HVDC 345kV and HVDC 345 kV 345 kV Note: Total transmission cost is
B. Kirby. 2001. Transmission Planning for a Restructuringindustry_issues/energy_infrastructure/transmission/transmission_hirst.pdf Joskow, P.L. 2005a. �Transmission
Certificates of Need for Transmission Lines to Support theMontana-Alberta Tie 230 kV Transmission Line: TransmissionNorthern California Transmission Line Project, Technical
Does EIA have data on the costs for electricity transmission and ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
EIA does not have data on the costs to build or operate electricity transmission lines and distribution networks. However, ...
Certificates of Need for Transmission Lines to Support theand Preference in Transmission Service. � Washington, D.C. :Integrating Wind into Transmission Planning: The Rocky
such as major transmission lines or large generators, areto the nearest bulk transmission line is the only dedicatedon constrained transmission lines (or conversely, pay
Any plan for modeling the components of transmission service costs should be able to consider congestion as well as loss cost. Assessing the real value of congestion and loss costs in each network has a substantial contribution to analyze the grid�s weaknesses in order to release capacity of power network. As much as the amount of congestion and loss costs in the transmission grid reduces the amount of power passing through transmission lines increases. Therefore
Alireza Tavakoli Shooshtari; Mahmood Joorabian; Armin Ebrahimi Milani; Arash Gholamzadeh
Electric power transmission and distribution systems: costs and their allocation. Research report
Transmission and distribution costs contribute significantly to the total costs of providing electrical service. The costs derived from the transmission and distribution (TandD) system have historically comprised about 2/3 the costs of producing and delivering electricity to residential-commercial customers, and over 1/3 the total costs supplying electricity to large industrial customers. This report: (1) estimates the differences in transmission and distribution equipment required to serve industrial and residential-commercial customers and allocates to the above two customer classes the average costs of installing this equipment; (2) estimates the costs of operation and maintenance of the transmission and distribution system, and allocates these costs to the customer classes; and (3) calculates the TandD derived average costs for the two customer classes. (GRA)
Baughman, M.L.; Bottaro, D.J.
Electricity Transmission Pricing: How much does it cost to get it wrong?
PWP-058 Electricity Transmission Pricing: How much does it cost to get it wrong? Richard Green Channing Way Berkeley, California 94720-5180 www.ucei.berkeley.edu/ucei #12;Electricity Transmission optimal prices for electricity transmission. These are rarely applied in practice. This paper develops
California at Berkeley. University of
at: http://www.ftloutreach.com Xcel Energy, TransmissionCBED CapX Utilities Midwest Xcel Energy Voluntary UtilityElectric Transmission Study Xcel-31A Southwest Power Pool (
Transmission Grid Study. FERC (Federal Energy RegulatoryLuong and Udi Helman (FERC), Frances Wood (Onlocation),ii Acronyms CAISO CRR DOE ECP FERC FTR ISO ISO-NE LMP MW MWh
connection costs associated with renewable energy in Europerenewable energy zones (CREZs), for instance, estimated the costand costs for renewables electricity grid connection: Examples in Europe. Renewable Energy
Transmission Vision for Wind Integration. White Paper.Planning (Xcel). 2006. Wind Integration Study Report OfCharles Smith (Utility Wind Integration Group), Lynn Coles (
Reliability and Cost-Benefit-Based Standards for Transmission Network Operation and Design
...................................................................................................................... 143 Table C.3: Breakdown of transmission costs during t3 when considering all outages to single outages N-2 Deterministic security policy that refers to double outages O Operational cost #12. Probabilistic cost-benefit framework considered to replace historical deterministic N-k criteria. No changes
Catholic University of Chile (Universidad Católica de Chile)
Presented at the MARC 2011 Annual Conference, 6 June 2011, Rapid City, South Dakota. This presentation provides an overview of the latest research findings and policy developments pertaining to cost allocation and new variable generation resources on the power grid.
Coles, L.
Planning.pdf NWCC. 2007a. FERC Order 890: What Does It Meanof wholesale power competition. FERC Order 2000 providesISO/RTO are being pushed by FERC to expand the transmission
179c/179c9e0086c0.pdf National Wind CoordinatingTransmission Planning and Wind Energy. Issue Brief. August.and Renewable Energy, Wind & Hydropower Technologies Program
factor of individual wind farms leads to concerns thatplants. The location of wind farms is dependent on the winda lower-performing wind farm than to build new transmission
conventional power and wind power make transmission more300 MW or more of new wind power and focus on the deeperthe trend toward wind power�s inclusion in regional
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Overhead Transmission Lines (LCCA) Version 1.1
The LCCA software is a tool to assist transmission line designers in selecting the optimized design for an overhead line by comparing the life-cycle cost of various design options. Windows2000, XP, and Vista Excel 2003 and 2007
Using Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Costs to Estimate Hydrogen Pipeline Costs
the construction costs of natural gas, oil, and petroleumR. �Current pipeline costs. � Oil & Gas Journal; Nov 21,cost projections for over 20,000 miles of natural gas, oil, and
Parker, Nathan
cost dependent on pipeline length and diameter against thedescribe with only the pipeline length and diameter. Labordescribed by the pipeline diameter and length alone. In some
Warren R. �U.S. interstate pipelines begin 1993 on upbeat. �66. ? True, Warren R. �Current pipeline costs. � Oil & GasWarren R. �U.S. interstate pipelines ran more efficiently in
Adjustments in 1991. � Oil & Gas Journal; Nov 23, 1992; 90,begin 1993 on upbeat. � Oil & Gas Journal; Nov 22, 1993; 91,Current pipeline costs. � Oil & Gas Journal; Nov 21, 1994;
Electricity Markets and Policy Group Energy Analysis Department The Cost of Transmission for Wind
Electricity Markets and Policy Group · Energy Analysis Department 1 The Cost of Transmission Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory February 2009 #12;Electricity Markets and Policy Group · Energy Implications and Future Work #12;Electricity Markets and Policy Group · Energy Analysis Department 3 Motivation
Electric power high-voltage transmission lines: Design options, cost, and electric and magnetic field levels
This report provides background information about (1) the electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) of high-voltage transmission lines at typical voltages and line configurations and (2) typical transmission line costs to assist on alternatives in environmental documents. EMF strengths at 0 {+-} 200 ft from centerline were calculated for ac overhead lines, and for 345 and 230-kV ac underground line and for a {+-}450-kV dc overhead line. Compacting and height sensitivity factors were computed for the variation in EMFs when line conductors are moved closer or raised. Estimated costs for the lines are presented and discussed so that the impact of using alternative strategies for reducing EMF strengths and the implications of implementing the strategies can be better appreciated.
Stoffel, J.B.; Pentecost, E.D.; Roman, R.D.; Traczyk, P.A.
Design and cost estimate of an 800 MVA superconducting power transmission
Numerous studies involving cost estimates have been performed for superconducting power transmission systems. As these systems were usually aimed at providing transmission from large clusters of generation the base power rating of the corridor was very high; in the case of the most comprehensive study it was 10,000 MVA. The purpose of this study is to examine a system which is very closely based on the prototype 1000 MVA system which was operated at Brookhaven National Laboratory over a four year period. The purpose of the study is to provide cost estimates for the superconducting system and to compare these estimates with a design based on the use of advanced but conventional cable designs. The work is supported by funding from the Office of Energy Research's Industry/Laboratory Technology Exchange Program. This program is designed to commercialize energy technologies. The technical design of the superconducting system was prepared by the BNL staff, the design of the 800 MVA conventional cable system was done by engineers from Underground Systems Incorporated. Both institutions worked on the cost estimate of the superconducting system. The description and cost estimate of the conventional cable system is given in the Appendix. 5 refs.
Alex, P.; Ernst, A. (Underground Systems, Inc., Armonk, NY (USA)); Forsyth, E.; Gibbs, R.; Thomas, R.; Muller, T. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (USA))
Cost-effectiveness of Different Herbicide and Non-herbicide Alternatives for Treating Transmission Rights of Way Vegetation
This report is a guide to using cost-effectiveness analysis to compare different programs of vegetation management for electric transmission line rights of way.BackgroundCost effectiveness is an important economic measure for describing and comparing the relative acceptability of different vegetation management programs. Cost-effectiveness analysis is apparently rarely used in the utility industry. This might be related to its apparent complexity, but it can ...
Transmission Transmission ,... ,...vc- "' ""'\ S I r;. Dr. Jerry Pell, CCM Principal NEP A Document Manager Permitting, Siting, and Analysis (OE-20) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability U.S. Department of Energy 1 000 Independence A venue SW Washington, D.C. 20585-0001 Subject: Champlain Hudson Power Express Project Submittal of Amendment Application Dear Dr. Pell: February 28, 2012 On January 25, 2010, Transmission Developers, Inc. ("TDI") submitted on behalf of Champlain Hudson Power Express, Inc. ("CHPEI") an application to the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") for a Presidential Permit ("Application) in connection with the Champlain Hudson Power Express project ("Project"). The Application proposed to connect clean sources
Electricity transmission pricing : how much does it cost to get it wrong?
Economists know how to calculate optimal prices for electricity transmission. These are rarely applied in practice. This paper develops a thirteen node model of the transmission system in England and Wales, incorporating ...
Green, Richard
Gasoline prices rise due to increased crude oil costs - Today in ...
However, as a result of vehicle fuel economy improvements, costs-per-mile-driven are not at record highs. Further, gasoline prices vary significantly by region, ...
Capital cost models for geothermal power plants and fluid transmission systems. [GEOCOST
The GEOCOST computer program is a simulation model for evaluating the economics of developing geothermal resources. The model was found to be both an accurate predictor of geothermal power production facility costs and a valid designer of such facilities. GEOCOST first designs a facility using thermodynamic optimization routines and then estimates costs for the selected design using cost models. Costs generated in this manner appear to correspond closely with detailed cost estimates made by industry planning groups. Through the use of this model, geothermal power production costs can be rapidly and accurately estimated for many alternative sites making the evaluation process much simpler yet more meaningful.
Schulte, S.C.
Ringing in the pulse response of long and wideband coaxial transmission lines due to group delay dispersion
In particle accelerators coaxial cables are commonly used to transmit wideband beam signals covering many decades of frequencies over long distances. Those transmission lines often have a corrugated outer and/or inner conductor. This particular construction exhibits a significant amount of frequency dependent group delay variation. A comparison of simulations based on theoretical models, numerical simulations and S{sub 21} network analyzer measurements up to 2.5 GHz is presented. It is shown how the non-linear phase response and varying group delay leads to ringing in the pulse response and subsequent distortion of signal s transmitted through such coaxial transmission lines.
Kotzian,G.; de Maria,R.; Caspers, F.; Federmann, S.; Hofle, W.
Cost Effectiveness of Cleaning Techniques for Controlling Human-based Transport of Invasive Exotic Plants on Electric Transmission L ine Rights-of-Way
This report provides a broad overview of accomplishments over the first 3 months of a project to define the cost effectiveness of cleaning techniques on electric transmission rights of way aimed at controlling the spread of invasive exotic (IE) vegetation. It includes the results of a brief literature search of cleaning techniques.BackgroundA science basis for process and procedure to cost effectively clean personnel and equipment so as to reduce the ...
Public policy and private interests: why transmission planning and cost-allocation methods continue to stifle renewable energy policy goals
It has been almost 10 years since FERC Order 2000 created regional transmission organizations and independent system operators in order to establish competitive power markets and to stimulate the development of new transmission. Now, the dominant behavior of the incumbent transmission owners, expressed through their RTO and ISO transmission expansion planning processes, is at loggerheads with public policies aimed at developing renewable energy resources. (author)
Puga, J. Nicolas; Lesser, Jonathan A.
Cost-effective WDM broadcast-and-select networks for all-to-all transmission schedules303536
Keywords: broadcast-and-select networks, fixed-tuned filter, optical networks, transmission schedule, tunable lasers, wavelength division multiplexing
Gaoxi Xiao; Yiu-Wing Leung
Transmission | Department of Energy
Transmission Transmission Transmission Below are resources for Tribes on transmission. Transmission 101 Presentation from the National Council on Electricity Policy's Transmissions Technologies workshop. Includes information on transmission technology, costs, and how to plan the system. Transmission on Tribal Land Basics The Tribal Energy and Environmental Information Clearinghouse provides resources for development on tribal lands. Topics covered include transmission technology basics, potential impacts, law and regulations, and tribal incentives. Transmission Pre-Feasibility Study for Tribes Presentation on the components of a pre-feasibility study including generation location, sizing, and desirability, ability and cost to deliver, capacity versus energy, time of delivery versus peak, request for
Cost Effectiveness of Cleaning Techniques for Controlling Human-based Transport of Invasive Exotic Plants on Electric Transmission Line Rights-of-Way
This Technical Update provides a broad overview of accomplishments over the first full year of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) project to investigate the cost effectiveness of cleaning techniques to control human-based transport of invasive exotic plants on electric transmission line rights-of-way. One-half of the intended field work for the whole project (2012-2015) was completed, with attendant greenhouse and office work ongoing. EPRI expects the project to be completed in ...
Current conflicts in U.S. Electric transmission planning, cost allocation and renewable energy policies: More heat than light?
To surmount obstacles to expanding and upgrading the nation's transmission system that are impeding development of the renewables sector, it is critical that these issues be resolved quickly and on a consistent rather than ad hoc basis. (author)
Bloom, David; Forrester, J. Paul; Klugman, Nadav
Operations, Maintenance, and Replacement 10-year plan, 1990-1999 : 1989 Utility OM&R Comparison : A Comparison of BPA (Bonneville Power Administration) and Selected Utility Transmission, Operations and Maintenance Costs.
For the past several years, competing resource demands within BPA have forced the Agency to stretch Operations, Maintenance and Replacement (OM R) resources. There is a large accumulation of tasks that were not accomplished when scheduled. Maintenance and replacements and outages, due to material and equipment failure, appear to be increasing. BPA has made a strategic choice to increase its emphasis on OM R programs by implementing a multi-year, levelized OM R plan which is keyed to high system reliability. This strategy will require a long-term commitment of a moderate increase in staff and dollars allocated to these programs. In an attempt to assess the direction BPA has taken in its OM R programs, a utility comparison team was assembled in early January 1989. The team included representatives from BPA's Management Analysis, Internal Audit and Financial Management organizations, and operation and maintenance program areas. BPA selected four utilities from a field of more than 250 electric utilities in the US and Canada. The selection criteria generally pertained to size, with key factors including transformation capacity, load, gross revenue, and interstate transmission and/or marketing agreements, and their OM R programs. Information was gathered during meetings with managers and technical experts representing the four utilities. Subsequent exchanges of information also took place to verify findings. The comparison focused on: Transmission operations and maintenance program direction and emphasis; Organization, management and implementation techniques; Reliability; and Program costs. 2 figs., 21 tabs.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Planning electricity transmission to accommodate renewables: Using two-stage programming to evaluate flexibility and the cost of disregarding uncertainty
�uncertainty,�ECIU),�and�the�value�of�being�able�to� postpone� decisions� until� some� uncertainty� is� resolved� (the� expected� cost� of� ignoring� optionality,� ECIO).� These� indices� quantify,� in� different� ways,� the� benefits� of� considering� � Thirdly,�concern�about�climate... �the�total�generation�capacity�at�each�bus�or� in�each�zone.�This�capacity� is�often� taken� to� be� a� function� of� uncertain� electricity� demand,� or� simply� presumed� to� have� an� exogenous�probability�distribution.�Other�risks�that�have�been�considered�by�some�of�these� models� are...
van der Weijde, Adriaan Hendrik; Hobbs, Benjamin F.
Guide for the Application of Transmission Line Surge Arrestors
Lightning flashovers are the most frequent cause of transmission line outages, resulting in a direct cost to utilities of more than $1 billion per year in damaged or destroyed equipment. There are also substantial indirect costs involved due to the reduction in power quality caused by frequent lightning outages. The lightning performance of transmission lines is usually improved by installing overhead ground or shield wires or by increasing the tower footing resistance; however, in some cases, these meas...
cable transmission systems:5 two 500 kV circuits, a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system and two to serve VI and the HVDC link is expected to be completely retired in 2007. This erosion in transmission / replacement of the HVDC cables (at a cost of $230 million), as well as transmission upgrades on the mainland
Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in the Western Renewable Energy Zone Initiative
regarding transmission costs, availability of federal taxtransmission, technology options, resource costs, availabilityon availability in WREZ resource hubs. The transmission
Mills, Andrew D
Electricity Transmission Data Needs Focus Group Results
power, transmission flows within states, the implications of transmission on capacity expansion decisions and costs; age of transformers and other facilities;
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Eastern Renewable Generation...
transmission? How does geographic diversity of wind reduce wind integration costs? How do offshore and onshore wind power compare? What transmission is needed to facilitate higher...
Transmission INTRODUCTION
Transmission INTRODUCTION An electrical power system requires constant, second by second, balancing to maintain control over the transmission system can result in failure of the entire electrical system of supply, demand, and transmission capability. Transmission system operators are primarily responsible
Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy | Department of Energy
Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Transmission lines are the critical link between the point of electricity generation and consumers. The U.S. transmission grid infrastructure is owned and operated by approximately 3,000 distribution utilities and 500 transmission owners. This structure presents a distinct set of challenges in transmission planning, siting, cost allocation, grid operations and management, technological innovation, financing and construction. The development and deployment of a national strategy on transmission that meets the needs of all parties is extremely complex; however, a solution is desperately needed. Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy More Documents & Publications Draft Chapter 4: Transmission Adequacy
Capacity Factor ITC Availability Transmission Cost 500 kVwhere the availability of transmission-congestion managementxiv New Transmission Capacity (GW-mi) 16K availability of
Mills, Andrew
plus the cost of transmission and line losses to deliver thecapacity investment. Transmission and line losses make upbuilding a new 500 kV transmission line delivering roughly
A Review of Recent RTO Benefit-Cost Studies: Toward More Comprehensive Assessments of FERC Electricity Restructuring Policies
efficiency and availability, and transmission capability).O&C costs) and availability. Transmission capability,O&C costs) and availability. Transmission capability,
Eto, Joseph H.; Lesieutre, Bernard C.
SOLAR HEATING OF TANK BOTTOMS Application of Solar Heating to Asphaltic and Parrafinic Oils Reducing Fuel Costs and Greenhouse Gases Due to Use of Natural Gas and Propane
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The sale of crude oil requires that the crude meet product specifications for BS&W, temperature, pour point and API gravity. The physical characteristics of the crude such as pour point and viscosity effect the efficient loading, transport, and unloading of the crude oil. In many cases, the crude oil has either a very high paraffin content or asphalt content which will require either hot oiling or the addition of diluents to the crude oil to reduce the viscosity and the pour point of the oil allowing the crude oil to be readily loaded on to the transport. Marginal wells are significantly impacted by the cost of preheating the oil to an appropriate temperature to allow for ease of transport. Highly paraffinic and asphaltic oils exist throughout the D-J basin and generally require pretreatment during cold months prior to sales. The current study addresses the use of solar energy to heat tank bottoms and improves the overall efficiency and operational reliability of stripper wells.
Eugene A. Fritzler
Electric Transmission Line Siting Compact
Electric Transmission Line Siting Compact Electric Transmission Line Siting Compact 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2 ARTICLE I 3 PURPOSE 4 5 Siting electric transmission lines across state borders and federal lands is an issue for states, the 6 federal government, transmission utilities, consumers, environmentalists, and other stakeholders. 7 The current, multi-year application review process by separate and equal jurisdictions constitutes 8 a sometimes inefficient and redundant process for transmission companies and complicates the 9 efforts of state and federal policy-makers and other stakeholders to develop more robust 10 economic opportunities, increase grid reliability and security, and ensure the consumers have the 11 lowest cost electricity possible. 12
DOE Transmission Capacity Report | Department of Energy
Transmission Capacity Report Transmission Capacity Report DOE Transmission Capacity Report DOE Transmission Capacity Report: Transmission lines, substations, circuit breakers, capacitors, and other equipment provide more than just a highway to deliver energy and power from generating units to distribution systems. Transmission systems both complement and substitute for generation. Transmission generally enhances reliability; lowers the cost of electricity delivered to consumers; limits the ability of generators to exercise market power; and provides flexibility to protect against uncertainties about future fuel prices, load growth, generator construction, and other factors affecting the electric system. DOE Transmission Capacity Report More Documents & Publications Report to Congress:Impacts of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's
Managing Transmission Line Wood Structures
The objective of this project is to reduce capital cost by extending life expectancy of overhead transmission wood structures through inspection and assessment procedures and through aging mitigation techniques and tools.
Transmission Planning
Planning Transmission Planning We accept requests from electric utilities, firm-power customers, private power developers, and independent power generators to interconnect...
Transmission System Reliability Performance Metrics Requirements
Transmission availability has become the significant indicator of overall transmission system operational health, due to increased utilization of the transmission system, growth of deregulated energy wholesale markets, and decreased investment in new transmission assets. Availability trends reflect the increasing dependence upon transmission assets from a technical and market perspective. Presently availability metrics lack comparability due to the non-standardization of underlying data collection method...
765kV Transmission line Voltage gradient
Corona ring Transmission lines Nowadays, due to the ever increasing energy consumption and power supply optimization, it is required to construct new power plants, substations and transmission lines. In Iran, also, because of increasing demand for electrical energy, for a significant power loss reduction in power transmission over long distances, and to construct high transmission lines that lead to reduction in the economic costs of transmission lines, the transmission lines must be considered at extra high voltage (EHV) levels. These EHV levels should be compared with the low voltage levels in order to extract the benefits. Therefore, in this paper, a review has been conducted on the types of 765 kV transmission lines used in different countries and a comparison between them and the low voltage levels have been performed. Accordingly, the advantages of EHV transmission lines are summarized. Finally, designing a line of 765 kV single-circuit with 6 conductors per bundle based on existing standards is presented.
unknown authors
2012 CERTS R&M Peer Review - Transmission Investment Assessment...
Distributed Generation Technology Generation D d Technology Costs Efficiency Measures Demand Response Carbon Tax Electric Vehicles Transmission Planner - Generators respond:...
Improving Electricity Resource-Planning Processes by Considering the Strategic Benefits of Transmission
Tehachapi wind and transmission line development, the 4.8-cost of the Tehachapi transmission line is estimated to be $14% of the cost of the transmission line. While it can be
Budhraja, Vikram
to be wind energy. Transmission and line losses, however,plus the cost of transmission and line losses to deliver themay be substantial, transmission and line loss costs only
HVDC power transmission technology assessment
The purpose of this study was to develop an assessment of the national utility system`s needs for electric transmission during the period 1995-2020 that could be met by future reduced-cost HVDC systems. The assessment was to include an economic evaluation of HVDC as a means for meeting those needs as well as a comparison with competing technologies such as ac transmission with and without Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers. The role of force commutated dc converters was to be assumed where appropriate. The assessment begins by identifying the general needs for transmission in the U.S. in the context of a future deregulated power industry. The possible roles for direct current transmission are then postulated in terms of representative scenarios. A few of the scenarios are illustrated with the help of actual U.S. system examples. non-traditional applications as well as traditional applications such as long lines and asynchronous interconnections are discussed. The classical ``break-even distance`` concept for comparing HVDC and ac lines is used to assess the selected scenarios. The impact of reduced-cost converters is reflected in terms of the break-even distance. This report presents a comprehensive review of the functional benefits of HVDC transmission and updated cost data for both ac and dc system components. It also provides some provocative thoughts on how direct current transmission might be applied to better utilize and expand our nation`s increasingly stressed transmission assets.
Hauth, R.L.; Tatro, P.J.; Railing, B.D. [New England Power Service Co., Westborough, MA (United States); Johnson, B.K.; Stewart, J.R. [Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, NY (United States); Fink, J.L.
to equitable recovery of project costs. Our research hasrules, transmission project costs are spread over all userspercentage of total project cost. Experts in the management
reduction in average renewable energy costs WECC-wide byto reduce the average renewable energy costs WECC-wide byscenarios on renewable energy supply costs and transmission
transmission | OpenEI
Open Energy Info (EERE)
transmission transmission Dataset Summary Description This dataset represents a historical repository of all the numerical data from the smartgrid.gov website condensed into spreadsheets to enable analysis of the data. Below are a couple of things worth noting: Source Smartgrid.gov Date Released March 04th, 2013 (9 months ago) Date Updated March 04th, 2013 (9 months ago) Keywords AMI costs distribution smart grid transmission Data application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 4Q12 (xlsx, 112.1 KiB) application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 3Q12 (xlsx, 107.9 KiB) application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 2Q12 (xlsx, 111.9 KiB)
Aquifer thermal energy storage costs with a seasonal heat source.
The cost of energy supplied by an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system from a seasonal heat source was investigated. This investigation considers only the storage of energy from a seasonal heat source. Cost estimates are based upon the assumption that all of the energy is stored in the aquifer before delivery to the end user. Costs were estimated for point demand, residential development, and multidistrict city ATES systems using the computer code AQUASTOR which was developed specifically for the economic analysis of ATES systems. In this analysis the cost effect of varying a wide range of technical and economic parameters was examined. Those parameters exhibiting a substantial influence on ATES costs were: cost of purchased thermal energy; cost of capital; source temperature; system size; transmission distance; and aquifer efficiency. ATES-delivered energy costs are compared with the costs of hot water heated by using electric power or fuel-oils. ATES costs are shown as a function of purchased thermal energy. Both the potentially low delivered energy costs available from an ATES system and its strong cost dependence on the cost of purchased thermal energy are shown. Cost components for point demand and multi-district city ATES systems are shown. Capital and thermal energy costs dominate. Capital costs, as a percentage of total costs, increase for the multi-district city due to the addition of a large distribution system. The proportion of total cost attributable to thermal energy would change dramatically if the cost of purchased thermal energy were varied. It is concluded that ATES-delivered energy can be cost competitive with conventional energy sources under a number of economic and technical conditions. This investigation reports the cost of ATES under a wide range of assumptions concerning parameters important to ATES economics. (LCL)
Reilly, R.W.; Brown, D.R.; Huber, H.D.
Cooperation (Transmission
Pricing in Wireless Networks Peter Marbach Department of Computer Science University of Toronto #12; Model/Terminology A B #15; Routes are Fixed #15; C r : Capacity of Node r #15; U r (x r ): Utility Function of Node r 6 #12; Model/Terminology #15; x r : Transmission Rate of Node r #15; y r
Marbach, Peter
Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands
Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project This report provides an independent review included an initial evaluation of the technical configuration and capital costs of establishing an undersea cable system and examining impacts to the existing electric transmission systems as a result of interconnecting the islands. 50411.pdf More Documents & Publications Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS); Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project OAHU Wind Integration And Transmission Study: Summary Report, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS);
Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS); Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS); Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project This report provides an independent review included an initial evaluation of the technical configuration and capital costs of establishing an undersea cable system and examining impacts to the existing electric transmission systems as a result of interconnecting the islands. 50414.pdf More Documents & Publications Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project OAHU Wind Integration And Transmission Study: Summary Report, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
How should the WECC�s RTEP process develop a 10-year transmission plan based upon transmission studies completed over the past several years? This paper explores the notion of a �plan � that consists of a package containing a small number of �contingent plans � that would correspond to a limited number of future states of the world by 2020. The rationale for developing transmission plans on a contingent basis is based on the following observations. Contingencies. Insights from TEPPC transmission planning over the past several years indicate that the demand for future transmission expansion in the West is contingent upon a number of important drivers including: (1) Levels of state renewable portfolio standards (RPS); (2) Development of remote versus local renewable generation; (3) Load growth given DSM policies and economic growth; (4) Policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; (5) Shifts of innovation and cost competitiveness between wind and solar energy; (6) Advances in distributed generation technologies;
Underground Transmission Construction: Vault and Manhole Design and Current Practices
Underground transmission (UT) cable systems are alternatives to overhead transmission lines, especially if the costs in design and construction of the UT cable systems are further reduced. Among the major activities of an underground transmission cable project, vault (manhole) designs and related safety issues need to be addressed. Manhole design and construction account for one of the major costs in a cable project.
Regional Transmission Projects: Finding Solutions
The Keystone Center convened and facilitated a year-long Dialogue on "Regional Transmission Projects: Finding Solutions" to develop recommendations that will help address the difficult and contentious issues related to expansions of regional electric transmission systems that are needed for reliable and economic transmission of power within and across regions. This effort brought together a cross-section of affected stakeholders and thought leaders to address the problem with the collective wisdom of their experience and interests. Transmission owners sat at the table with consumer advocates and environmental organizations. Representatives from regional transmission organizations exchanged ideas with state and federal regulators. Generation developers explored common interests with public power suppliers. Together, the Dialogue participants developed consensus solutions about how to begin unraveling some of the more intractable issues surrounding identification of need, allocation of costs, and reaching consensus on siting issues that can frustrate the development of regional transmission infrastructure. The recommendations fall into three broad categories: 1. Recommendations on appropriate institutional arrangements and processes for achieving regional consensus on the need for new or expanded transmission infrastructure 2. Recommendations on the process for siting of transmission lines 3. Recommendations on the tools needed to support regional planning, cost allocation, and siting efforts. List of Dialogue participants: List of Dialogue Participants: American Electric Power American Transmission Company American Wind Energy Association California ISO Calpine Corporation Cinergy Edison Electric Institute Environmental Defense Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Great River Energy International Transmission Company ISO-New England Iowa Public Utility Board Kanner & Associates Midwest ISO National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates National Grid Northeast Utilities PA Office of Consumer Advocates Pacific Gas & Electric Corporation Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission PJM Interconnection The Electricity Consumers Resource Council U.S. Department of Energy US Department of the Interior Van Ness Feldman Western Interstate Energy Board Wind on the Wires Wisconsin Public Service Commission Xcel Energy
The Keystone Center
Bulk Power Transmission Study
"Texans now have a choice. We can become more efficient and maintain our standard of living, or we can continue business as usual and watch our standard of living erode from competition from other regions. In the past, except for improving reliability, there was no need for a strong transmission system. When Texas generation was primarily gas fueled, the extensive natural gas pipeline network moved energy easily within the state. In recent years two things have changed: 1. Electric utilities have made extensive investment in lignite, coal, and nuclear plants and, 2. Improvements in gas turbine technology and the removal of institutional barriers has encouraged cogeneration at many of our energy intensive process industries. This energy diversity means that there are now significant differences in energy costs between units. The variable costs of generation of power can vary between units by a ratio of 2 or 3 to 1 and this difference will be accentuated when energy costs rise (and they will; it�s a question of when, not if). The potential for costs savings by optional dispatching of the entire interconnected system are greater than ever before as demonstrated by the PUC's Bulk Power Transmission Study. And the potential can be enhanced with added transmission system investment. Cogeneration and small power production has proven to be the most cost effective way for Texas to add additional generating capacity needed to supply an economy that is starting to rebound and to replace old, obsolete power plants. The freedom to locate these facilities at the fuel source or at the site of large thermal demand makes real economic and environmental sense. The use of renewable or waste fuels allows something that would otherwise be wasted to contribute to our economy. Fossil fuels that are displaced can be redirected to another use or consumed for future benefit. By integrating a gas turbine generator with a. process plant, the natural gas required for producing electricity can be reduced by 40% below that required for a combined cycle. The heat rejected from a gas turbine, combined cycle, or steam plant can be redirected to a process use that contributes to our economy by producing something of value to world markets. By contrast a conventional power plant is paid for by the rate payers and consumes Texas natural resources and therefore is a burden rather than an enhancement to our economy. The optimal location of facilities are possible only if there is an adequate transmission system. Utility, consumer and industry must cooperate to improve our transmission system for the benefit of all Texas. The Texas Public Utilities Commission has taken the lead in promoting efficiency by requiring transmission wheeling between qualifying facilities and electric utilities. Several cogeneration facilities have been constructed as a result. In order to encourage small power production, the rule needs to be expanded to include projects interconnected with distribution systems. Most renewable resource projects are relatively small and cannot afford the cost of a high voltage interconnect, and yet their characteristics match a baseload need. The ability to wheel power to a utility that needs base load power from a distribution level interconnection is essential to development of these smaller projects."
John, T.
Airspace: Antarctic Sound Transmission
Antarctic Sound Transmission Andrea Polli Director,investigates how sound transmission can contribute to thePoles. How have such transmission-based projects developed
Polli, Andrea
Transmission Investment: A Primer
This primer highlights recent trends in transmission investment, summarizes the division of jurisdictional authority over transmission, and presents four alternative models for transmission ownership. (author)
McGarvey, Joe
NWCC Transmission Case Study III
OAK-B135 Transmission System Improvements for Wind Energy Development in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains: Opportunities and Obstacles. This case study set out to ascertain the validity of three assumptions from the perspectives of stakeholders involved in wind energy and transmission issues in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains. The assumptions, and the stakeholders' reactions to each, are summarized below: Assumption 1--Transmission system improvements would provide significant benefits to the electricity network and its customers. Respondents acknowledge the potential for overall system benefits in the form of reduced line losses, improved grid stability and reliability, and enhanced ability to conduct spot market transactions. They also agree that these benefits relate to specific regional needs. However, there is disagreement over the extent of other benefits such as efficiency gains and cost savings from reduced line losses. Further, environmental and community interest groups point out that none of these benefits are realized without significant financial, environmental and social costs. Assumption 2--The benefits of transmission improvements would be helpful, but not confined, to wind power. All respondents agree that wind energy could benefit from transmission system improvements. But they also acknowledge, reluctantly, in the case of environmental stakeholders, that the benefits of an improved transmission system cannot be limited to environmentally preferable forms of generation. Some environmental and community advocate respondents also feel that transmission system improvement projects can be avoided altogether through energy conservation and efficiency measures, and by substituting wind energy for fossil generation. Assumption 3--Transmission alliances among stakeholders within and external to the wind community can provide benefits in the public interest. The fractured, multi-jurisdictional governance of the regional transmission system, and the distrust and diversity of perspectives among affected stakeholders, may make the formation of multi-stakeholder alliances necessary to accomplishing transmission goals. If the wind industry and utilities want to partner with environmental and community advocate groups in supporting a transmission project, they may have to convince these groups that the project would result in a net environmental benefit. The project proponents would have to make the case that the benefits of the additional wind energy will at least offset the emissions of any additional fossil generation made possible by the transmission project, as well as offset the environmental impact of the transmission project itself.
Terry Allison, Steve Wiese
Transmission Planning | Department of Energy
Planning Planning Transmission Planning Modernizing America's electricity infrastructure is one of the U.S. Department of Energy's top priorities. The National Transmission Grid Study (PDF 2.0 MB) made clear that without dramatic improvements and upgrades over the next decade our nation's transmission system will fall short of the reliability standards our economy requires, and will result in higher electricity costs to consumers. The Department's research into a variety of tools that will improve advanced system monitoring, visualization, control, operations, and market structure will ultimately modernize the electricity transmission infrastructure to ease congestion, allow for increases in demand, and provide a greater degree of security. The next generation supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and
Accounting-related transmission issues
Various initiatives have been undertaken by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to deregulate wholesale electric energy markets. These initiatives have focused on restructuring the transmission systems in the US and recently have culminated in a proposal requiring formation of and participation in regional transmission organizations. The overall form of regulation selected to determine rates for transmission entities as well as underlying regulatory decisions reached on key issues will have profound implications for transmission entities. For example, traditional cost-based regulation would require one set of accounting and reporting rules, while incentive-based regulation may not be subject to those same rules. An overview of some of the major accounting and financial reporting issues that will need to be considered is presented.
Niehaus, M.; Bjorn, P.; Pate, G.
FERC rate incentives for transmission infrastructure development
With enactment of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Congress delivered a mandate to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to establish regulations that would provide for incentive-based rate treatments for investments that would improvement the nation's electric transmission system. That has required FERC to move from merely approving cost-based rates for transmission services to enacting new regulations that would make it more attractive to invest in transmission infrastructure without offending the ''just and reasonable'' rate standard. (author)
Snarr, Steven W.
Transmission Bottleneck Project Report. March 19, 2003 | Department of
Transmission Bottleneck Project Report. March 19, 2003 Transmission Bottleneck Project Report. March 19, 2003 Transmission Bottleneck Project Report. March 19, 2003 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Transmission Grid Study (DOE 2002) determined that congestion in the U.S. electricity transmission system places daily constraints on electricity trade, increasing both electricity costs to consumers and impacts reliable operations. In an effort to support DOE's investigation of transmission bottlenecks, the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) surveyed the current state of transmission congestion around the nation. Transmission Bottleneck Project Report. March 19, 2003 More Documents & Publications Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent Reports 2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study: Preliminary Findings
plus the cost of transmission and line losses to deliver thecapacity investment. Transmission and line losses make upA fully subscribed transmission line is one in which the
500-kV Transmission Line Design
The design of an extrahigh-voltage (EHV) transmission line involves an integrated analysis and comparison of influencing factors to develop a structure configuration and conductor/shieldwire system that will provide safe, reliable, and economic service. Many of the parameters in design have varied impacts on the performance characteristics of a transmission line: safety, reliability, capital cost, and lifetime cost. The interdependencies are many and technical in nature. Having a solid knowledge of the p...
Updating the Electric Grid: An Introduction to Non-Transmission...
system is in the interest of the country as a whole.1 However, decisions to implement new transmission lines may face significant cost, environmental, and public acceptance...
The hidden value of transmission assets
Numerous utilities have realized that they can do better with their transmission assets than neutering them into ISOs and have proposed the creation of for-profit transmission companies (Transcos). This would turn transmission assets into equity with higher risk but also returns potentially higher than the regulated cost of capital. This article's contribution to the ongoing debate is to show that Transcos constitute a simple and robust solution to transmission congestion problems that would otherwise jeopardize the advent of competitive power markets. Policymakers and regulators should therefore view favorably the emergence of for-profit, regulated transmission companies, and leave them with reasonable room to recover their cost and earn a fully compensatory return on investment. Regulatory benevolence is crucial for Transcos, for electric power transmission is arguably the ultimate regulated activity: significant economies of scale and wide-ranging network externalities (the infamous loop flows) make operation and management of the grid a natural monopoly that must be regulated. A significant share of the value at stake therefore hinges on the regulator's attitude towards the for-profit transmission company: if the regulator is favorable, she will leave enough room to recover the variable and capital costs. If she is unfavorable, the proposition is simply a non-starter. This article first builds a public policy argument in favor of transmission companies, then discusses the key success factors required to create significant value in transmission: regulatory prowess and superior network management.
Nasser, T.O. (McKinsey and Co., Washington, DC (United States))
Integration costs for PV and solar thermal without thermalwithout Storage Fixed PV Equal Solar Finance Solar Cost LowDry Cooled Solar Thermal with Storage Fixed PV Transmission
Hydromechanical transmission
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A power transmission having three planetary assemblies, each having its own carrier and its own planet, sun, and ring gears. A speed-varying module is connected in driving relation to the input shaft and in driving relationship to the three sun gears, all of which are connected together. The speed-varying means may comprise a pair of hydraulic units hydraulically interconnected so that one serves as a pump while the other serves as a motor and vice versa, one of the units having a variable stroke and being connected in driving relation to the input shaft, the other unit, which may have a fixed stroke, being connected in driving relation to the sun gears. The input shaft also drives the carrier of the third planetary assembly. A brake grounds the first carrier in the first range and in reverse and causes drive to be delivered to the output through the first ring gear in a hydrostatic mode. The carrier of the third planetary assembly drives the ring gear of the second planetary assembly, and a first clutching means connects the second carrier with the output in a second range, the brake for grounding the first carrier then being released. A second clutching means enables the third ring gear to drive the output shaft in a third range.
Orshansky, Jr. deceased, Elias (LATE OF San Francisco, CA); Weseloh, William E. (San Diego, CA)
Transmission Workshop
WORKSHOP WORKSHOP DOUBLETREE CRYSTAL CITY NOVEMBER 1-2, 2012 Anjan Bose, Grid Tech Team U.S. Department of Energy DOE Grid Tech Team (GTT) The Grid Tech Team (GTT), established by the Office of the Undersecretary of Energy, was tasked with coordinating grid-related activities across the Department and accelerating modernization of the electric power system. Currently, the GTT comprise of representatives from OE, EERE, ARPA-E, Fossil Energy, Science, Policy and International Affairs, CFO, and the Office of the Secretary of Energy. Vision of the Future Grid A seamless, cost-effective electricity system, from generation to end- use, capable of meeting all clean energy demands and capacity requirements, while allowing consumer participation and electricity
Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS): Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project
This report provides an independent review included an initial evaluation of the technical configuration and capital costs of establishing an undersea cable system and examining impacts to the existing electric transmission systems as a result of interconnecting the islands.
Woodford, D.
Phase 2 Report: Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study (OWITS); Hawaiian Islands Transmission Interconnection Project
This report provides an independent review including an initial evaluation of the technical configuration and capital costs of establishing an undersea cable system and examining impacts to the existing electric transmission systems as a result of interconnecting the islands
Weighing the Costs and Benefits of Renewables Portfolio Standards: A Comparative Analysis of State-Level Policy Impact Projections
penetration (Giebel 2005). Wind integration costs represent2005. Large Scale Integration of Wind Energy in the Europeanincreases in wind costs; Transmission and integration costs
Chen, Cliff; Wiser, Ryan; Bolinger, Mark
DATA TRANSMISSION OPTIONS FOR VMT DATA AND FEE COLLECTION CENTERS by Robert L. Bertini Kerri Date November 2002 4. Title and Subtitle DATA TRANSMISSION OPTIONS FOR VMT DATA AND FEE COLLECTION). The objectives of this report are to analyze data transmission options and provide cost estimates for VMT data
Bertini, Robert L.
Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission...
Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long (New York) Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long...
DOE Transmission Workshop
Transmission Workshop November 1, 2012 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Commissioner Cheryl LaFleur 1 FERC's Transmission Efforts Reliability and Grid Security Planning...
Usage Transmission Transmission Once electricity is generated -- whether by burning fossil fuels; through nuclear fission; or by harnessing wind, solar, geothermal, or hydro...
Merchant transmission investment
We examine the performance attributes of a merchant transmission investment framework that relies on "market driven" transmission investment to provide the infrastructure to support competitive wholesale markets for ...
Joskow, Paul L.
Weighing the Costs and Benefits of State Renewables Portfolio Standards in the United States: A Comparative Analysis of State-Level Policy Impact Projections
2005. Large Scale Integration of Wind Energy in the Europeanincreases in wind costs; Transmission and integration costs
Chen, Cliff
Underground Transmission Cable System Installation and Construction Practices Manual
Installation and construction remain the most expensive implementation components of underground transmission cable systems. Recent advancements in underground transmission have led to more demand for best practices and innovative ways to reduce installation and construction costs in a cable project. EPRI has funded many projects over the years to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of underground transmission cable installation. Other organizations such as Association of Edison Illuminating Compa...
Building transmission to reach renewable energy (RE) goals requires coordination among renewable developers, utilities and transmission owners, resource and transmission planners, state and federal regulators, and environmental organizations. The Western Renewable Energy Zone (WREZ) initiative brings together a diverse set of voices to develop data, tools, and a unique forum for coordinating transmission expansion in the Western Interconnection. In this report we use a new tool developed in the WREZ initiative to evaluate possible renewable resource selection and transmission expansion decisions. We evaluate these decisions under a number of alternative future scenarios centered on meeting 33% of the annual load in the Western Interconnection with new renewable resources located within WREZ-identified resource hubs. Of the renewable resources in WREZ resource hubs, and under the assumptions described in this report, our analysis finds that wind energy is the largest source of renewable energy procured to meet the 33% RE target across nearly all scenarios analyzed (38-65%). Solar energy is almost always the second largest source (14-41%). Solar exceeds wind by a small margin only when solar thermal energy is assumed to experience cost reductions relative to all other technologies. Biomass, geothermal, and hydropower are found to represent a smaller portion of the selected resources, largely due to the limited resource quantity of these resources identified within the WREZ-identified hubs (16-23% combined). We find several load zones where wind energy is the least cost resource under a wide range of sensitivity scenarios. Load zones in the Southwest, on the other hand, are found to switch between wind and solar, and therefore to vary transmission expansion decisions, depending on uncertainties and policies that affect the relative economics of each renewable option. Uncertainties and policies that impact bus-bar costs are the most important to evaluate carefully, but factors that impact transmission costs and the relative market value of each renewable option can also be important. Under scenarios in which each load zone must meet 33% of its load with delivered renewable energy from the WREZ-identified resource hubs, the total transmission investment required to meet the 33% west-wide RE target is estimated at between $22 billion and $34 billion. Although a few of the new transmission lines are very long - over 800 miles - most are relatively short, with average transmission distances ranging from 230-315 miles, depending on the scenario. Needed transmission expenditure are found to decline to $17 billion if wide use of renewable energy credits is allowed; consideration of renewable resources outside of WREZ-identified hubs would further reduce this transmission cost estimate. Even with total transmission expenditures of $17-34 billion, however, these costs still represent just 10-19% of the total delivered cost of renewable energy.
Mills, Andrew; Phadke, Amol; Wiser, Ryan
Independent transmission company (ITC) and markets for transmission
Independent Abstract-- transmission company (ITC) and markets for transmission Yong T. Yoon Marija a fundamental structure for the transmission provider (TP) composed of the independent transmission company (ITC out the associated functions including managing transmission congestion. At the minimum
Ilic, Marija D.
Managing Transmission Line Steel Structures, Version 2
Utilities are under more pressure than ever to efficiently utilize existing overhead lines by optimizing their life and reliability. A key issue involves the question of how to efficiently inspect and maintain transmission systems. In light of aging transmission and distribution infrastructures, resources are needed to design and implement cost-effective assessment and maintenance programs. This valuable reference provides an in-depth look at all facets of an inspection, assessment, and maintenance progr...
A Guide for Transmission Line Voltage Upgrade
In the last few decades, construction of new transmission facilities has not caught up with the demand for electric power. The problem of transmission capacity shortage was further compounded by deregulation of the power industry, which allows power to be dispatched from any generation source for the lowest energy cost. As a result, lines that were not planned for these power flows may now be overloaded. A number of bottlenecks were thus created, restricting power transfer from one location to another. U...
Three essays concerning information transmission
Transmissionas an Information-Transmission Mechanism,� American EconomicConcerning Information Transmission A dissertation submitted
Boone, Johnathan
Characterization of Planar Transmission Lines
... References on: On-Wafer Measurement and Calibration, Planar Transmission Line Characterization and Multiconductor Transmission Lines. ...
San Luis Transmission Project
Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR San Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR Western proposes to construct, own, operate, and maintain a new 230-kilovolt transmission line about 62 miles in length between Western's Tracy Substation and Western's San Luis Substation and a new 70-kV transmission line about 5 miles in length between the San Luis and O'Neill Substations. Western also will consider other transmission construction options including: A new 500-kV transmission line about 62 miles in length operated at 230-kV between Western's Tracy and San Luis Substations; A new 500-kV transmission line operated at 500-kV about 62 miles in length between the Tracy Substation and Pacific Gas and Electric's Los Banos Substation; and A new 230-kV transmission line about 18 miles in length between San Luis Substation and Dos Amigos Substation.
Updating the Electric Grid: An Introduction to Non-Transmission
Updating the Electric Grid: An Introduction to Non-Transmission Updating the Electric Grid: An Introduction to Non-Transmission Alternatives for Policymakers Updating the Electric Grid: An Introduction to Non-Transmission Alternatives for Policymakers Throughout the United States a consensus has emerged that an improved transmission system is in the interest of the country as a whole.1 However, decisions to implement new transmission lines may face significant cost, environmental, and public acceptance barriers which delay implementation of needed transmission improvements. As State decision makers consider transmission investments, it may be important to account for Non-Transmission Alternatives (NTA). NTAs are programs and technologies that complement and improve operation of existing transmission systems that individually or in combination defer or eliminate the need for upgrades to
National Transmission Grid Study
Grid Study Grid Study U.S. Department of Energy The Honorable Spencer Abraham Secretary of Energy May 2002 ii National Transmission Grid Study National Transmission Grid Study i ii National Transmission Grid Study National Transmission Grid Study iii How This Study Was Conducted The National Energy Policy Plan directed the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a study to examine the benefits of establishing a national electricity transmission grid and to identify transmission bottlenecks and measures to address them. DOE began by conducting an independent analysis of U.S. electricity markets and identifying transmission system bottlenecks using DOE's Policy Office Electricity Modeling System (POEMS). DOE's analysis, presented in Section 2, confirms the central role of the nation's transmission
Transmission | Open Energy Information
Gateway Gateway Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Transmission (Redirected from Transmission) Jump to: navigation, search Transmission header.png Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Lattice.jpg High-voltage transmission lines form the backbone of electricity systems. Transmission lines are designed to carry large amounts of electricity at high voltages, typically 115 to 500 kilovolts (kV), across long distances. Networks of transmission lines transfer electricity from power plants or other interconnections to substations. At substations, the high-voltage electricity is "stepped down" to a lower voltage, which can be carried
Arnold Schwarzenegger TRANSMISSION BENEFIT
California Edison's (SCE) initial Tehachapi transmission trunk-line proposal for integration of wind. The Tehachapi Transmission Project to integrate 4,500 MW of renewable wind energy has since been approved after
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Webinars
Webinars Webinars Want updates about future transmission grid integration webinars and publications? Join our mailing list. NREL periodically offers webinars on transmission grid integration topics to provide insight into its research. Explore the resources below to learn more. Upcoming Webinars Please check back. Details on future meetings and workshops will be posted as they are available. Past Webinars Results from The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2: An examination of how wind and solar power affect operations, costs, and emissions from fossil-fueled generators Wednesday, September 25, 2013 at 12:00 EDT (10:00 MDT) The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 (WWSIS-2), launched in 2011, examines the potential impacts of up to 33% wind and solar energy
Transmission Investment Incentives
This report documents the use of agent-based simulation as a tool for studying transmission investment incentives, and it is meant to illuminate what accounts for the difficulties in aligning incentives for enhancing the transmission system. The report suggests that a new method of calculation for bid optimization be applied to the economic analysis of long-term incentives for transmission investment. This technology can be broadly applied to help negotiators in transmission planning quantify their count...
New pipeline project could lower natural gas transportation costs ...
... natural gas transportation costs to New York City could be reduced with the expansion of the existing Texas Eastern Transmission pipeline from Linden, New ...
Automated manual transmission controller
A powertrain system for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a heat engine, such as a diesel engine, and an electric machine, which operates as both an electric motor and an alternator, to power the vehicle. The hybrid vehicle also includes a manual-style transmission configured to operate as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver. The engine and the electric machine drive an input shaft which in turn drives an output shaft of the transmission. In addition to driving the transmission, the electric machine regulates the speed of the input shaft in order to synchronize the input shaft during either an upshift or downshift of the transmission by either decreasing or increasing the speed of the input shaft. When decreasing the speed of the input shaft, the electric motor functions as an alternator to produce electrical energy which may be stored by a storage device. Operation of the transmission is controlled by a transmission controller which receives input signals and generates output signals to control shift and clutch motors to effect smooth launch, upshift shifts, and downshifts of the transmission, so that the transmission functions substantially as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver, while internally substantially functioning as a manual transmission.
Lawrie, Robert E. (Whitmore Lake, MI); Reed, Jr., Richard G. (Royal Oak, MI); Bernier, David R. (Rochester Hills, MI)
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Gateway Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Transmission Jump to: navigation, search Transmission header.png Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Lattice.jpg High-voltage transmission lines form the backbone of electricity systems. Transmission lines are designed to carry large amounts of electricity at high voltages, typically 115 to 500 kilovolts (kV), across long distances. Networks of transmission lines transfer electricity from power plants or other interconnections to substations. At substations, the high-voltage
Transmission SEAB Presentation | Department of Energy
Transmission SEAB Presentation Transmission SEAB Presentation Transmission SEAB Presentation More Documents & Publications 2013 Transmission Reliability Program Peer Review - Day 1...
Definition: Transmission Service Provider | Open Energy Information
Transmission Service Provider The entity that administers the transmission tariff and provides Transmission Service to Transmission Customers under applicable...
Concrete Foundations in Substations and Transmission Lines
This report presents the results of surveys conducted to obtain information on the degradation of concrete foundations that support transmission towers and high-voltage substation equipment. Although concrete foundations are simple and inexpensive, their degradation or failure may have costly consequences, including potential equipment damage and the need for outages to allow movement of critical equipment so the ...
Electricity Costs
Carbon Emissions Caps and the Impact of a Radical Change in Nuclear Electricity Costs journal International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy volume year month chapter...
Trends In U.S. Electric Power Transmission
The report provides an overview of the changes that are occurring in the industry to implement the goals of improved reliability and reduced congestion costs. As the electric industry works to become a more efficient market, transmission stands as a key link between the competitive generation and the regulated distribution sectors. In this role as a key link, transmission is a major focus of government efforts to improve reliability and reduce congestion costs. The scope of the report is to analyze the dominant reliability, investment, siting, and competition/open access trends that are occurring in the domestic electric transmission industry. Topics covered include: the impact of the 2003 Northeast blackout on reliability rules; the move from voluntary to mandatory reliability standards; the advent of real-time transmission system monitoring; ISO/RTO efforts to improve system reliability; the drivers of government intervention in transmission investment; the move towards incentive-based rates for transmission investment; legislative and regulatory efforts to spur transmission investment to support renewable energy resources; the emergence of merchant transmission; the need for federal backstop authority on regional transmission projects; the designation of national interest electric transmission corridors; FERC Orders on siting transmission; the need for changes in open access and competition regulations; FERC efforts to increase open access and competition; legislative efforts to increase competition; and, current competitive issues in the industry.
Series Transmission Line Transformer
A series transmission line transformer is set forth which includes two or more of impedance matched sets of at least two transmissions lines such as shielded cables, connected in parallel at one end ans series at the other in a cascading fashion. The cables are wound about a magnetic core. The series transmission line transformer (STLT) which can provide for higher impedance ratios and bandwidths, which is scalable, and which is of simpler design and construction.
Buckles, Robert A. (Livermore, CA); Booth, Rex (Livermore, CA); Yen, Boris T. (El Cerrito, CA)
Video Transmission Jerkiness Measure.
??Digital video transmission is widely used nowadays in multimedia. Frame dropping, freeze and reduced number of frames in the transmitted video are common symptoms of� (more)
Abdelsamad, Deena
NIST Transmission SEM
... As a result, more electrons will scatter, to provide the ... RR Keller, "Transmission EBSD in the Scanning Electron Microscope," Microscopy Today vol. ...
Patterns of transmission investment
This paper examines a number of issues associated with alternative analytical approaches for evaluating investments in electricity transmission infrastructure and alternative institutional arrangements to govern network ...
costs | OpenEI
7 7 Varnish cache server costs Dataset Summary Description This dataset represents a historical repository of all the numerical data from the smartgrid.gov website condensed into spreadsheets to enable analysis of the data. Below are a couple of things worth noting: Source Smartgrid.gov Date Released March 04th, 2013 (11 months ago) Date Updated March 04th, 2013 (11 months ago) Keywords AMI costs distribution smart grid transmission Data application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 4Q12 (xlsx, 112.1 KiB) application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 3Q12 (xlsx, 107.9 KiB) application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet icon SmartGrid.gov Quarterly Data Summary 2Q12 (xlsx, 111.9 KiB)
Generation and Transmission Maximization Model | Open Energy Information
Generation and Transmission Maximization Model Generation and Transmission Maximization Model Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Generation and Transmission Maximization Model Agency/Company /Organization: Argonne National Laboratory Sector: Energy Topics: Pathways analysis Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Desktop Application Website: www.dis.anl.gov/projects/Gtmax.html Cost: Paid Generation and Transmission Maximization Model Screenshot References: Generation and Transmission Maximization Model [1] Logo: Generation and Transmission Maximization Model The GTMax model helps researchers study complex marketing and system operational issues. With the aid of this comprehensive model, utility operators and managers can maximize the value of the electric system, taking into account not only its limited energy and transmission resources,
The progressive transmission disadvantage
The disadvantage of progressive transmission, compared to transmission in a single step, is analyzed for the high-rate case using a polytope that is self-similar under binary subdivision. This disadvantage is calculated to be 0.3424 dB or 0.057 bit compared ...
M. J. Durst
Nonlinear magnetoinductive transmission lines
Power transmission in one-dimensional nonlinear magnetic metamaterials driven at one end is investigated numerically and analytically in a wide frequency range. The nonlinear magnetic metamaterials are composed of varactor-loaded split-ring resonators which are coupled magnetically through their mutual inductances, forming thus a magnetoiductive transmission line. In the linear limit, significant power transmission along the array only appears for frequencies inside the linear magnetoinductive wave band. We present analytical, closed form solutions for the magnetoinductive waves transmitting the power in this regime, and their discrete frequency dispersion. When nonlinearity is important, more frequency bands with significant power transmission along the array may appear. In the equivalent circuit picture, the nonlinear magnetoiductive transmission line driven at one end by a relatively weak electromotive force, can be modeled by coupled resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC) circuits with voltage-dependent cap...
Lazarides, Nikos; Tsironis, G P
A contract network extends the concept of a contract path to address the problem of loop flow and congestion in electric power transmission systems. A contract network option provides a well defined, internally consistent framework for assigning long-term capacity rights to a complicated electric transmission network. The contract network respects the special conditions induced by Kirchoff's Laws; accommodates thermal, voltage and contingency constraints on transmission capacity; and can be adopted without disturbing existing methods for achieving an economic power dispatch subject to these constraints. By design, a contract network would maintain short-run efficiency through optimal spot price determination of transmission prices. Through payment of congestion rentals, the contract network makes a long-term capacityright holder indifferent between delivery of the power or receipt of payments in a settlement system. And the contract network framework can support allocation of transmission capacity rights through a competitive bidding process. CONTRACT NETWORKS
William W. Hogan; William W. Hogan
Types of Costs Types of Cost Estimates
· Types of Costs · Types of Cost Estimates · Methods to estimate capital costs MIN E 408: Mining the equipment for reclamation? Types of Costs #12;· Marginal Cost: Change in total cost Any production process involves fixed and variable costs. As production increases/expands, fixed costs are unchanged, so
Boisvert, Jeff
EC Transmission Line Risk Identification and Analysis
The purpose of this document is to assist in evaluating and planning for the cost, schedule, and technical project risks associated with the delivery and operation of the EC (Electron cyclotron) transmission line system. In general, the major risks that are anticipated to be encountered during the project delivery phase associated with the implementation of the Procurement Arrangement for the EC transmission line system are associated with: (1) Undefined or changing requirements (e.g., functional or regulatory requirements) (2) Underperformance of prototype, first unit, or production components during testing (3) Unavailability of qualified vendors for critical components Technical risks associated with the design and operation of the system are also identified.
Bigelow, Tim S [ORNL
Cost of Fuel to General Electricity
of Fuel to Generate Electricity of Fuel to Generate Electricity Cost of Fuel to Generate Electricity Herb Emmrich Gas Demand Forecast, Economic Analysis & Tariffs Manager SCG/SDG&E SCG/SDG&E Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) 2009 Fall Meeting November 18, 2009 Ontario, California The Six Main Costs to Price Electricity are: Capital costs - the cost of capital investment (debt & equity), depreciation, Federal & State income taxes and property taxes and property taxes Fuel costs based on fuel used to generate electricity - hydro, natural gas, coal, fuel oil, wind, solar, photovoltaic geothermal biogas photovoltaic, geothermal, biogas Operating and maintenance costs Transmission costs Distribution costs Social adder costs - GHG adder, low income adder,
Definition: Reduced Congestion Cost | Open Energy Information
Cost Cost Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Reduced Congestion Cost Transmission congestion is a phenomenon that occurs in electric power markets. It happens when scheduled market transactions (generation and load) result in power flow over a transmission element that exceeds the available capacity for that element. Since grid operators must ensure that physical overloads do not occur, they will dispatch generation so as to prevent them. The functions that provide this benefit provide lower cost energy, decrease loading on system elements, shift load to off-peak, or allow the grid operator to manage the flow of electricity around constrained interfaces (i.e. dynamic line capability or power flow control).[1] Related Terms power, transmission lines, load, element, electricity
Down hole transmission system
A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a data transmission element in both ends of the downhole component. Each data transmission element houses an electrically conducting coil in a MCEI circular trough. The electrically conducting coil comprises at least two generally fractional loops. In the preferred embodiment, the transmission elements are connected by an electrical conductor. Preferably, the electrical conductor is a coaxial cable. Preferably, the MCEI trough comprises ferrite. In the preferred embodiment, the fractional loops are connected by a connecting cable. In one aspect of the present invention, the connecting cable is a pair of twisted wires. In one embodiment the connecting cable is a shielded pair of twisted wires. In another aspect of the present invention, the connecting cable is a coaxial cable. The connecting cable may be disposed outside of the MCEI circular trough.
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT)
Electric Transmission Lines (Iowa)
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Electric transmission lines capable of operating at 69 kV or greater cannot be constructed along, across, or over any public highways or grounds outside of cities without a franchise from the...
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
...Transmission electron microcopy (TEM) has been used since the 1950s to obtain very high resolution images of microstructures. As TEMs were enhanced to include features such as digitally scanned point beams and energy dispersive x-ray detectors
Designing electricity transmission auctions
The UK has ambitious plans for exploiting offshore wind for electricity production in order to meet its challenging target under the EU Renewable Energy Directive. This could involve investing up to 20bn in transmission assets to bring electricity...
Greve, Thomas; Pollitt, Michael G.
Downhole transmission system
A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a data transmission element in both ends of the downhole component. Each data transmission element houses an electrically conducting coil in a MCEI circular trough. An electrical conductor connects both the transmission elements. The electrical conductor comprises at least three electrically conductive elements insulated from each other. In the preferred embodiment the electrical conductor comprises an electrically conducting outer shield, an electrically conducting inner shield and an electrical conducting core. In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrical conductor comprises an electrically insulating jacket. In other embodiments, the electrical conductor comprises a pair of twisted wires. In some embodiments, the electrical conductor comprises semi-conductive material.
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT)
Cloud Transmissivities for Canada
Transmissivities are determined for different cloud types using nine years of hourly irradiance measurements under overcast skies at six Canadian stations. Values for individual stations and for pooled data using irradiances uncorrected for ...
J. A. Davies; M. Abdel-Wahab; J. E. Howard
Transmission Line Grounding
In 2008, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) published a comprehensive grounding report. Published in two parts, the report covered the theoretical and practical aspects of transmission line grounding practices. To further improve the tools available for grounding analysis, an investigation into practical ways to calculate the fault current distribution and ground potential rise of the transmission line grounding system was conducted. Furthermore, a survey of utilities has documented industry pr...
Transmission Right Of Way
About SNR > Right Of Way About SNR > Right Of Way Right Of Way Preferred Vegetation List - Redding & Foothills (XLS - 23K) Preferred Vegetation List - Sacramento Valley (XLS - 170K) WESTERN AREA POWER ADMINISTRATION GENERAL GUIDELINES CONCERNING THE USE OF ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINE RIGHTS-OF-WAY Western Area Power Administration (Western) owns a right-of-way easement along the length of the transmission line (width varies by transmission line). Western's rights within the easement include the right to construct, reconstruct, operate, maintain, and patrol the transmission line. Rights usually reserved to the landowner include the right to cultivate, occupy, and use the land for any purpose that does not conflict with Western's use of its easement. To avoid potential conflicts, it is Western's policy to review all proposed uses within the transmission line easement. We consider (1) Safety of the public, (2) Safety of our Employees, (3) Restrictions covered in the easement, (4) Western's maintenance requirements, and (5) Protection of the transmission line structures and (6) Road or street crossings.
Open Access Transmission Tariff
Transmission | OATT Transmission | OATT Skip Navigation Links Transmission Functions Infrastructure projects Interconnection OASIS OATT Western Open Access Transmission Service Tariff Revision Western Area Power Administration submitted its revised Open Access Transmission Service Tariff with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on Sept. 30, 2009. The tariff became effective on Dec. 1, 2009, as modified by Western's March 2, 2011 compliance filing. The revised tariff was developed to comply with FERC Order No. 890 and to be consistent with Western's statutory and regulatory requirements. It addresses changes in transmission services and planning. FERC issued an order on Dec. 2, 2010, granting Western's petition for a Declaratory Order approving the tariff as an acceptable reciprocity tariff, subject to Western making a compliance filing within 30 days to address items in Attachment C, Attachment P and Attachment Q. Western made its compliance filing on March 2, 2010, addressing FERC's Dec. 2, 2010, order. FERC accepted Western's March 2, 2011 compliance filing on April 25, 2011. Western has made several ministerial filings to its OATT as part of FERC's eTariff viewer system, the last of these was approved on March 29, 2013. Further detail can be found in the links below.Current OATT
Abstract--Different regulatory frameworks have implemented competitive mechanisms to increase efficiency in transmission, a
of competition among electricity market agents [2]. The first issue to discuss in transmission planning should efficiency in transmission, a natural monopoly. Conflicts of interest and hidden costs make necessary to define methods to obtain an appropriate valuation of new transmission assets. This paper is the first one
Definition: Transmission | Open Energy Information
Transmission Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Transmission An interconnected group of lines and associated equipment for the movement or transfer of electric energy...
Market Report: New York Electricity Markets. April. PJM (PJM Interconnection, LLC).2002. PJM Interconnection State of the Market Report 2001.
Making Competition Work in Electricity. John Wiley and Sons.Report on the New York Electricity Markets. June. Patton,Market Report: New York Electricity Markets. April. PJM (PJM
in wholesale electricity trade, and enable consumers to seekelectricity markets rely on offer-based, centralized, wholesale tradeas reported in the trade press. These electricity hub prices
Interconnection Transmission Planning: Awards | Department of...
Interconnection Transmission Planning: Awards Interconnection Transmission Planning: Awards List of Interconnection Transmission Planning awards under the American Recovery and...
Colorado/Transmission/Agencies | Open Energy Information
ColoradoTransmissionAgencies < Colorado | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search Colorado Transmission Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary...
Modeling Interregional Transmission Congestion in the NationalEnergy Modeling System
Congestion analysis using National Energy Modeling National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) or NEMS-derivatives, such as LBNL-NEMS, is subject to significant caveats because the generation logic inherent in NEMS limits the extent to which interregional transmission can be utilized and intraregional transmission is not represented at all. The EMM is designed primarily to represent national energy markets therefore regional effects may be simplified in ways that make congestion analysis harder. Two ways in particular come to mind. First, NEMS underutilizes the capability of the traditional electric grid as it builds the dedicated and detached grid. Second, it also undervalues the costs of congestion by allowing more transmission than it should, due to its use of a transportation model rather than a transmission model. In order to evaluate benefits of reduced congestion using LBNL-NEMS, Berkeley Lab identified three possible solutions: (1) implement true simultaneous power flow, (2) always build new plants within EMM regions even to serve remote load, and (3) the dedicated and detached grid should be part of the known grid. Based on these findings, Berkeley Lab recommends the following next steps: (1) Change the build logic that always places new capacity where it is needed and allow the transmission grid to be expanded dynamically. (2) The dedicated and detached grid should be combined with the traditional grid. (3) Remove the bias towards gas fired combine cycle and coal generation, which are the only types of generation currently allowed out of region. (4) A power flow layer should be embedded in LBNL-NEMS to appropriately model and limit transmission.
Gumerman, Etan; Chan, Peter; Lesieutre, Bernard; Marnay, Chris; Wang, Juan
When a Rose Is Not a Rose: A Review of Recent Estimates of Congestion Costs
ship between the production cost impacts of transmissionsystem illustrates how production costs are increased due tothe constraint, and how production costs would change if the
Electricity Transmission, A Primer | Department of Energy
Transmission, A Primer Electricity Transmission, A Primer This primer on electric transmission is intended to help policymakers understand the physics of the transmission system,...
Electric Transmission System Workshop
Lauren Azar Lauren Azar Senior Advisor to Secretary Chu November 2, 2012 Electric Transmission System Workshop We all have "visions," in one form or another: * Corporations call them strategic plans * RTOs ... transmission expansion plans or Order 1000 plans * State PUCs ... integrated resource plans * Employees ... career goals Visions for the Future Artist: Paolo Frattesi Artist: Paolo Frattesi Uncertainty = changing industry Changes in technology, threats and policies Can we make decisions in the face of change? .......How can we not? Can we agree on several key design attributes for the future grid? Taking Action in the Face of Uncertainty Step 1: Establish common ground on key design attributes GTT's Proposed Key Design Attributes:
10-Yr. Transmission Plan
Power Marketing Rates Power Marketing Rates 10-Yr Transmission Plan 2012 Customer Meeting Announcement Agenda 120611 CRSP South Projects CRSP South PowerPoint Presentation CRSP South 2009-2011 Capitalized Execution CRSP North Projects CRSP North PowerPoint Presentation CRSP North 2009-2011 Capitalized Execution About Power Marketing Transmission Newsroom Business Policies Products Plan contents OASIS News features Careers No FEAR act Organization chart Plan processes Functions News releases Doing business Privacy policy History General power contract provisions OATT Revisions Fact sheets Energy Services Accessibility Financial information Rates and Repayment Interconnection Publications EPTC Adobe PDF Power projects EPAMP Infrastructure projects Federal Register Notices
Merchant Transmission Investment
merchant transmission model of the type described above, though Australia has adopted a mixed merchant and regu- 6 lated transmission model.3 However, recent academic proposals,4 as well as FERC�s July 2002 Standard Market Design (SMD) proposals, call... that a nodal or locational marginal pricing (LMP) system is in place with attributes similar to those being proposed by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in its SMD proposals and to what is in operation in New 3Two merchant lines...
Joskow, Paul; Tirole, Jean
NREL: Energy Analysis: Transmission Infrastructure
Transmission Infrastructure Transmission Infrastructure Grid expansion and planning to allow large scale deployment of renewable generation Large scale deployment of renewable electricity generation will require additional transmission to connect renewable resources, which are wide-spread across the US, but regionally-constrained, to load centers. Long-term transmission planning, based on potential future growth in electric loads and generation resource expansion options, is critical to maintaining the necessary flexibility required for a reliable and robust transmission system. NREL's analyses support transmission infrastructure planning and expansion to enable large-scale deployment of renewable energy in the future. NREL's transmission infrastructure expansion and planning analyses show
Printed circuit dispersive transmission line
A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission line between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other. 5 figures.
Ikezi, H.; Lin-Liu, Y.R.; DeGrassie, J.S.
A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission line between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other.
Ikezi, Hiroyuki (Rancho Santa Fe, CA); Lin-Liu, Yuh-Ren (San Diego, CA); DeGrassie, John S. (Encinitas, CA)
A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission lines between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other. 5 figs.
Ikezi, Hiroyuki; Lin-Liu, Yuh-Ren; deGrassie, J.S.
Transmission SEAB Presentation
Overcoming Overcoming Institutional Barriers to Infrastructure Development Lauren Azar Senior Advisor to the Secretary U.S. Department of Energy January 31, 2012 Lauren"s Initiatives 1. Rapid Response Team for Transmission 2. Power Marketing Administrations 3. Project Development in the Southwest 4. Congestion Study and NIETC Designations 5. Miscellaneous EPA Regulations Market Power
Borehole data transmission apparatus
A borehole data transmission apparatus whereby a centrifugal pump impeller(s) is used to provide a turbine stage having substantial pressure characteristics in response to changing rotational speed of a shaft for the pressure pulsing of data from the borehole through the drilling mud to the surface of the earth.
Kotlyar, Oleg M. (1739 Grandview #2, Idaho Falls, ID 83402)
Autonomous data transmission apparatus
A autonomous borehole data transmission apparatus for transmitting measurement data from measuring instruments at the downhole end of a drill string by generating pressure pulses utilizing a transducer longitudinally responsive to magnetic field pulses caused by electrical pulses corresponding to the measured downhole parameters.
Kotlyar, Oleg M. (4675 W. 3825 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84120)
involves the construction of an approximate 1000 mile HVAC and HVDC transmission project from British ACSR. (Northern Segment) b) A 3000 MVA, 500 kV HVAC to +/-500 kV HVDC Converter at the NEO Station. c) A +/-500 kV HVDC line from the NEO Station to the proposed Collinsville Substation in the San Francisco Bay
LAP Transmission Rate
LAP Transmission Rate 4.50 4.00 3.82 3.50 3.00 of 2.50 c 0 2.I2 2.68 I 3: 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012...
Transmission Services J7000
C T D E S E R T S O U T H W E S T R E G I O N R O C K Y M O U N T A I N R E G I O N Transmission Services J7000 Ensuring the Reliability of the Bulk Electric System Western's...
Transmission planning in China
Though China is well along in restructuring its power markets, it still has some way to travel before economic considerations receive adequate weight in transmission planning decisions. Adoption of more sophisticated tools such as multi-agent modeling will help China continue in its progress in achieving this. (author)
Dong, Jun; Zhang, Jing
A borehole data transmission apparatus is described whereby a centrifugal pump impeller(s) is used to provide a turbine stage having substantial pressure characteristics in response to changing rotational speed of a shaft for the pressure pulsing of data from the borehole through the drilling mud to the surface of the earth.
Kotlyar, O.M.
Omega Transmission Lines
In this paper, we show how bi-anisotropic media with omega-type response can be realized using periodically loaded transmission lines. General conditions for the needed unit cell circuit block are derived. Also, an implementation is shown and analyzed.
Vehmas, Joni
Transmission Enhancement Technology Report
to increase transmission capability. Section 3 documents existing technologies used in the industry today the traditional types of design alternatives used by Western and the electric industry. The primary system operate at three times the ampacity of Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) conductor and has a much
A autonomous borehole data transmission apparatus is described for transmitting measurement data from measuring instruments at the downhole end of a drill string by generating pressure pulses utilizing a transducer longitudinally responsive to magnetic field pulses caused by electrical pulses corresponding to the measured downhole parameters. 4 figs.
Industry. Prepared for Edison Electric Institute. WashingtonOctober. Southern California Edison Company (SCE). 2006. SCESouthern California Edison (SCE) IOU November 2006 SCE
Story So Far. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/Colorado: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://Examples in Europe. Renewable Energy 33, no. 8 (August):
2008. 20% Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy'sfor 40 GW of new wind by 2030, 50% higher than our median20% wind electricity by 2030 (AEP 2007), as specified in the
Regulatory Commission (FERC). 2008. �Order on TechnicalEnergy Regulatory Commission (FERC). 2007. �Preventing UndueCommittee (NWCC). 2007. FERC Order 890: What Does It Mean
Electricity transmission cost allocation: a throwback to an earlier era in gas transmission
For a complex, common property resource, there is unlikely to be any simple allocation formula that will satisfy all users. In such a case, the aggrieved parties will simply have to do what others, with other energy networks, have always done: try to make a convincing showing that existing rates are not ''just.'' FERC has the procedures to deal with such questions under its enabling statutes. (author)
Makholm, Jeff D.
policies will drive an increasing demand for renewable energy, which in most areas is projected to come from wind
wind power in a carbon constrained world. Energy Policy 34,wind energy: modeling the competition between gas turbines and compressed air energy storage for supplemental generation. Energy Policy
and R. H. Socolow. 2007. Baseload wind energy: modeling theand S. Zhang.1998. Large-scale baseload wind power in China.
pdf/0554(2008).pdf European Wind Energy Association (EWEA).Large Scale Integration of Wind Energy in the European PowerPrepared by the European Wind Energy Association. http://
Nonlinear transmission through a tapered fiber in rubidium vapor
Sub-wavelength diameter tapered optical fibers surrounded by rubidium vapor can undergo a substantial decrease in transmission at high atomic densities due to the accumulation of rubidium atoms on the surface of the fiber. Here we demonstrate the ability to control these changes in transmission using light guided within the taper. We observe transmission through a tapered fiber that is a nonlinear function of the incident power. This effect can also allow a strong control beam to change the transmission of a weak probe beam.
S. M. Hendrickson; T. B. Pittman; J. D. Franson
Demonstration of Decision Tool for Selection of Transmission Poles
EPRI and member utilities requested Battelle to develop a comprehensive screening tool (CST) for comparing different types of utility transmission poles by modifying the decision tool previously demonstrated on distribution poles. The completed decision tool permits utilities to evaluate transmission pole options using 26 criteria divided among three evaluation groups for engineering/technical performance, life-cycle cost/economics, and environmental profile. The decision tool allows utilities to evaluat...
Underground Transmission Cable System Construction and Installation Practices Manual
A reliable underground transmission line depends on reliable cable system manufacturing, design, construction, installation, and operation and maintenance. Construction and installation remain the most expensive component to implement. Recent advances in underground transmission have led to more demand for best practices and innovative ways to reduce construction and installation costs in a cable project. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has funded many projects over the years to improve the ...
Transmission Loss Reduction Derived from the Use of Trapezoidal Conductors
The New York State Transmission Assessment and Reliability Study Working Group, in coordination with the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO), has developed an Age-Based In-Kind Replacement plan of aging infrastructure and other low-cost upgrades necessary to maintain existing thermal capability levels and meet reliability needs. The plan includes the refurbishment of several hundred miles of transmission lines across the NYISO footprint and assumes that conventional aluminum conductor, ...
Using DER in Transmission-Constrained Urban Load Pockets
Urban load centers are characterized by their dense population, environmental constraints, as well as transmission-constrained electricity delivery. They also have potentially high infrastructure investment costs for distribution system investments to meet peak load growth. This report looks at seven areas in the United States that have been identified as transmission-constrained load pockets, focusing on opportunities for using distributed energy resources (DER).
New England Wind Forum: Wind Compared to the Cost of Other Electricity
Wind Powering America (EERE)
Wind Compared to the Cost of Other Electricity Generation Options Wind Compared to the Cost of Other Electricity Generation Options Figure 1: Average Cumulative Wind and Wholesale Power Prices by Region The chart shows average cumulative wind and wholesale power prices by region. Click on the graph to view a larger version. View a larger version of the graph. In terms of direct costs, larger wind farms in windier areas are now considered economically competitive with "conventional" fossil fuel power plants in many locations. In New England, direct costs for wind power at larger sites with strong winds are approaching the cost of alternatives, particularly given the recent high natural gas and oil prices. Figure 1 compares wind contract prices1 with wholesale electricity market prices in different U.S. regions for 2006. Although not directly comparable to wind prices due to wind's production timing and intermittence, the value of wind Renewable Energy Credits and carbon offsets, and the cost of wind integration and transmission, the average wholesale market energy price is a good indicator of the cost of alternative generation options. This graph demonstrates several points:
05-1 · Types of Costs · Types of Cost Estimates · Methods to estimate capital costs MIN E 408) costs apply to those items that are consumed in production process and are roughly proportional to level in cash flow analysis and in the decision to use the equipment for reclamation? Types of Costs #12
A Review of Recent RTO Benefit-Cost Studies: Toward More Comprehensive...
management, generation and transmission investment and operation, and wholesale electricity market operation. This report: 1) Describes the history of benefit-cost...
management, generation and transmission investment and operation, and wholesale electricity market operation. This report: Describes the history of benefit-cost analysis...
Recent progress on system studies for long distance power transmission
Two possible applications of helium-cooled underground cables for power transmission were studied to determine network characteristics and estimated costs. The first involved power transmission at 345 kV from a Long Island nuclear power plant to a substation 43 miles away. The second appication examined the feasibility of a 350 mi-long 550 kV transmission line from Western Pennsylvania to Allentown and Philadelphia. For both systems computer simulations were used to study operating characteristics. A detailed cost analysis was made. The Long Island study concluded that helium-cooled cables were well suited for high-power transmission in a suburban area, that such a system using two trenches and separate refrigerator stations would be more reliable than a single trench system, and that cost could be optimized by using a less expensive cryogenic envelope. The Pennsylvania study showed that the helium-cooled cable was technically capable of performing as well as overhead power lines, but the cost of the underground cryogenic system is so much greater that such a system could not be economically justified for long distance transmission across open country-side. (LCL)
Forsyth, E B
Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten
Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long (New York) Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long (New York) < Back Eligibility Commercial Fuel Distributor Investor-Owned Utility Municipal/Public Utility Rural Electric Cooperative Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State New York Program Type Siting and Permitting Provider New York State Public Service Commission Any person who wishes to construct an electric or gas transmission line that is more than ten miles long must file documents describing the construction plans and potential land use and environmental impacts of the proposed transmission line. The regulations describe application and review
Transmission Developers Inc.
% ~ % ~ Transmission Developers Inc. July 7, 2011 Mr. Anthony J. Como Director, Permitting and Siting Office ofElectricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE-20) U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence A venue SW, Room 8G-024 Washington, D.C. 20585 Subject: Champlain Hudson Power Express Project U.S. Department of Energy Presidential Permit Application PP-362 Dear Mr. Como: On January 25, 2010, Transmission Developers, Inc. ("TDI'' or "Applicants") submitted on behalf of Champlain Hudson Power Express, Inc. ("CHPEI") an application to the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") for a Presidential Permit and an amendment on August 5, 2010 (collectively, the "Application") in connection with the Champlain Hudson Power Express
Drill string transmission line
A transmission line assembly for transmitting information along a downhole tool comprising a pin end, a box end, and a central bore traveling between the pin end and the box end, is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a protective conduit. A transmission line is routed through the protective conduit. The protective conduit is routed through the central bore and the ends of the protective conduit are routed through channels formed in the pin end and box end of the downhole tool. The protective conduit is elastically forced into a spiral or other non-linear path along the interior surface of the central bore by compressing the protective conduit to a length within the downhole tool shorter than the protective conduit.
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT); Pixton, David S. (Lehi, UT); Bradford, Kline (Orem, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT)
Transmission Siting_071508.indd
Coordinating Interstate Electric Coordinating Interstate Electric Transmission Siting: An Introduction to the Debate The National Council on Electricity Policy 2 DISCLAIMER: The National Council on Electricity Policy is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The views and opinions expressed herein are strictly those of the authors and may not necessarily agree with the positions of the National Council on Electricity Policy, its committ ee members or the organizations they represent, the National Council funders, or those who commented on the paper during its draft ing. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Coordinating Interstate Electric Transmission Siting: An Introduction to the Debate was prepared with the fi nancial assistance of a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Offi ce of Electricity Delivery
A Smarter Transmission Grid
Our modern transmission grid transports bulk power over long distances and across many provincial boundaries, but ever-increasing energy demands are significantly transforming it. Worldwide, many catalysts are driving this transformation, including emerging supply- and demand-side technologies, cyber security concerns, and aging infrastructures, to name just a few. As the grid transforms and more grid-connected renewable resources complicate reliability, it will be increasingly difficult to meet its futu...
Transmission Price Risk Management
This report is concerned with the financial risks that arise from the uncertain price of transmission service in restructured or competitive electricity markets. These risks are most severe in markets with locational pricing (LMP), but they also exist in more traditionally organized electricity markets. This report has two main purposes. The first is to review the existing mathematical models of electricity price formation in spot and forward markets that may be helpful as the foundations for developing ...
Green Transmission Efficiency Initiative
As a consequence of escalating interest in the environment and climate changea national focus on energy efficiency, and growing electricity demandthe time is right to assess energy efficiency from both an end-use perspective as well as across the utility value chain, from generation, to transmission, to distribution. The reduction of our carbon footprint and increasing the role of renewable energy are an important part of the strategy for the greening for electric energy supply. As a result, efficient po...
WestConnect Transmission Product
WestConnect Transmission Product Federal Register Notices Customer Notifications Customer Comments Approved Rate Order FERC Confirmation...
Transmission eigenvalues for elliptic operators
A reduction of the transmission eigenvalue problem for multiplicative sign-definite perturbations of elliptic operators with constant coefficients to an eigenvalue problem for a non-selfadjoint compact operator is given. Sufficient conditions for the existence of transmission eigenvalues and completeness of generalized eigenstates for the transmission eigenvalue problem are derived. In the trace class case, the generic existence of transmission eigenvalues is established.
Michael Hitrik; Katsiaryna Krupchyk; Petri Ola; Lassi P�iv�rinta
Electricity Transmission and Distribution Technologies ...
Electricity Transmission and Distribution Technologies Available for Licensing U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories and participating research ...
that will improve advanced system monitoring, visualization, control, operations, and market structure will ultimately modernize the electricity transmission infrastructure to...
PAFC Cost Challenges
PAFC Cost Challenges Sridhar Kanuri Manager, PAFC Technology *firstname.lastname@example.com 2 AGENDA Purecell 400 cost challenge Cost reduction opportunities Summary 3 PURECELL ...
Guide for Successful Transmission Line Siting
As described in the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Permit Process, eminent domain proceedings are not the preferred method of obtaining rights-of-way for transmission lines. The permitting process is rather one of engaging the public through meetings and education to develop siting consensus. This approach requires an in-depth understanding of the primary technical issues by everyone involved in the siting procedures. The applicant must demonstrate due diligence in justifying the new ...
time-of- delivery energy costs�which are due to the timeTime-of-Delivery Energy Value 13 Capacity Value 16 Integration Cost ..energy costs displaced by electricity from a renewable resource (the time-
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Transmission Planning and Analysis
Transmission Planning and Analysis Transmission Planning and Analysis Thumbnail of map the United States that shows wind resources and transmission lines. Enlarge image This map shows the location of wind resources and transmission lines in the United States. See a larger image or state maps. NREL researchers are engaged in transmission planning and analysis to strengthen the electric power system through the integration of solar and wind power. As demand for electricity increases, electric power system operators must plan for and construct new generation and transmission lines. However, variable generation such as solar and wind power plants are often located far from the loads they serve. They depend on transmission lines to transport the electricity they produce to load centers. NREL is working with industry and utilities to address issues related to
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Transmission Grid Modernization Roadmap
In August 2010, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) adopted a corporate vision for the company to become one of the nation�s leading providers of clean low-cost energy by the year 2020. Within TVA, the Energy Delivery (ED) organization is responsible for the reliable delivery of electric power. ED�s mission is to maintain a cost-effective, reliable, safe, and compliant transmission system for TVA.Various challenges, such as increasing environmental regulation, new and ...
standard deviation is only greater than the mean for one diameter as opposed to nine for right of way,standard deviation is larger than the mean in all but two of the diameters analyzed. Right of Way
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Publications
Publications Publications Want updates about future transmission grid integration webinars and publications? Join our mailing list. NREL has an extensive collection of publications related to transmission integration research. Explore the resources below to learn more. Selected Project Publications Read selected publications related to these transmission integration projects: Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Eastern Renewable Generation Integration Study Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integration of Variable generation (FESTIV) Active power controls Forecasting Grid Simulation. NREL Publications Database NREL's publications database offers a variety of documents related to transmission integration that were written by NREL staff and
Minimum Changeover Cost Arborescence
having minimum changeover cost, a cost that we now describe. ... We define the changeover cost at j, denoted by d(j), as the sum of the costs at j paid for each of �...
A combination of heuristic and bacteria foraging-differential evolution algorithm for transmission network expansion planning with security constraints
Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) is an important component of power system planning. Its task is to determine the optimal set of transmission lines to be constructed such that the cost of expansion plan is minimum and no network constraints ... Keywords: Transmission expansion planning, compensation approach, hybrid method
Ashu Verma; P. R. Bijwe; B. K. Panigrahi
Abstract-Electricity transmission planning does not have a common solution worldwide, with most countries trusting on
Abstract- Electricity transmission planning does not have a common solution worldwide, with most issue in the restructuring of the electricity market all over the world. Transmission systems costs to the original 1982 regulatory framework, being transmission pricing and investment among the main issues
Rudnick, Hugh
Transmission SEAB Presentation Transmission SEAB Presentation Transmission SEAB Presentation More Documents & Publications Proceedings of the March 25-26, 2009 Conference for the...
stability� analysis�of�transmission�and�distribution�Voltage�Recovery,�NERC�Transmission�Issues� Subcommitte�Air�Conditioner�Response�to�Transmission�Faults. ��,��IEEE�
Lesieutre, Bernard
Flexible Transmission in the Smart Grid
differences: models for transmission property rights,� IEEEto solve power transmission network design problems,� IEEES. A. "Network topologies and transmission investment under
Hedman, Kory Walter
Georgia Transmission Corp | Open Energy Information
Georgia Transmission Corp Place Georgia Utility Id 7197 Utility Location Yes Ownership T NERC Location SERC NERC SERC Yes Activity Transmission Yes Activity Buying Transmission Yes...
Optical Fibers for Transmission, John Wiley and Sons, 9.Laboratories, Transmission Systems for Communications, BellANALOG FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM G. Stover M.S. Thesis
Stover, G.
Definition: Transmission Customer | Open Energy Information
Load-Serving Entity, or Purchasing-Selling Entity.1 Related Terms transmission service, transmission lines, transmission line References Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability...
Definition: Transmission Owner | Open Energy Information
facilities.1 Related Terms Transmission Operatortransmission lines, transmission line, transmission lines References Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An in...
Automated manual transmission clutch controller
Lawrie, Robert E. (9375 Kearney Rd., Whitmore Lake, MI 48189); Reed, Jr., Richard G. (3003 Bembridge, Royal Oak, MI 48073); Rausen, David J. (519 S. Gaylord St., Denver, CO 80209)
Keeping the Lights on While Cutting Costs.
In 1992, the Bonneville Power Administration spent $361 million in capital on a system to transmit electricity. By 1998, it was spending about one-third that amount: $123 million. In 1992, BPA`s expenses for managing, operating and maintaining the transmission system ran $160 million. By 1998, BPA had cut expenses to $128 million. Maintenance costs alone were cut 28%. In 1992, management of the grid was split into six organizations. Today, there is one. About 2,900 people worked for transmission in October 1992. By February 1998, the Transmission Business Line (TBL) employed 1,855. Transmission in 1992 for the most part meant new towers, lines and substations. Today it means computers, digital communications and electronic controls.
Transmission Workshop | Department of Energy
DOE Grid Tech Team » Activities/Outreach » GTT DOE Grid Tech Team » Activities/Outreach » GTT Activities » Transmission Workshop Transmission Workshop Transmission Workshop GTT Transmission Workshop - November 1-2, 2012 On November 1-2, 2012, the GTT presented a workshop on grid integration on the transmission system at the DoubleTree Crystal City near Washington, DC. A draft of the DOE Action Plan Addressing the Electricity Transmission System was discussed during the workshop, which addressed the challenges and opportunities presented by the integration of 21st century energy technologies into the electricity transmission system. Parallel sessions addressed the challenges and opportunities of modernizing the grid and drilled down into key technology areas associated with each of these: System visibility: what advances are needed to "see" the state of
The future of wind power will depend on the ability of the industry to continue to achieve cost reductions. To better understand the potential for cost reductions, this report provides a review of historical costs, evaluates near-term market trends, and summarizes the range of projected costs. It also notes potential sources of future cost reductions. Our findings indicate that steady cost reductions were interrupted between 2004 and 2010, but falling turbine prices and improved turbine performance are expected to drive a historically low LCOE for current installations. In addition, the majority of studies indicate continued cost reductions on the order of 20%-30% through 2030. Moreover, useful cost projections are likely to benefit from stronger consideration of the interactions between capital cost and performance as well as trends in the quality of the wind resource where projects are located, transmission, grid integration, and other cost variables.
NREL,; Wiser, Ryan; Lantz, Eric; Hand, Maureen
Remarks for DOE Workshop Regarding Transmission Congestion Study
6, 2011 6, 2011 Remarks for DOE Workshop Regarding Transmission Congestion Study Thank you for the opportunity to speak today. I am Ed Finley and I chair the North Carolina Utilities Commission. By way of background, with the exception of a very small portion of the State - the northeast - North Carolina does not participate in a regional transmission organization, or RTO, and our electric utilities remain vertically integrated. North Carolina's electric utilities are required to plan their systems on a least-cost, integrated basis, considering generation and transmission costs, as well as energy efficiency and demand-side management. There is no retail competition in North Carolina. Regulation in North Carolina follows the "command and control" model. The NC Commission must
Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Transmission-Line Metamaterials
Terahertz Transmission-Line Metamaterials . . . . . . .CRLH Transmission Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Terahertz CRLH Transmission-Line Metamaterials . . . . . . .
Tavallaee, Amir Ali
Audit Costs for the 1986 Texas Energy Cost Containment Program
Direct program costs for detailed audits of 13.5 million square feet of institutional building space in the 1986 Texas Energy Cost Containment Program were $0.047/SF. The building area was 63 percent simple (offices, schools, and universities) and 37 percent complex (medical buildings and power plants). Allowing for the influence of one large facility which received less-extensive treatment due to previous work, thorough audits were obtained for an average cost of $0.050/SF. Large medical buildings (greater than about 170,000 square feet) were audited for $0.050/SF or less, and program costs for survey audits of 17.2 million square feet were $0.0028/SF. The effect on audit costs of complexity of recommended modifications, amount of savings determined, amount of implementation costs, building size, and building complexity are discussed. Primary effects on audit costs are size and complexity of buildings. Program guidelines limited consideration of projects with greater than a four year payback.
Heffington, W. M.; Lum, S. K.; Bauer, V. A.; Turner, W. D.
Transmission access and pricing with multiple separate energy forward markets
California`s congestion management protocols provide comparable access and prices to all users of the transmission system (power exchange and bilateral contract parties). The users implicitly bid for capacity on major transmission paths between zones. The Independent System Operator (ISO) allocates the available transmission capacity on these paths so that it maximizes the value of this capacity as measured by the users` bids. Everyone scheduling flow on a congested path is charged the marginal-cost-based price for using the path. The ISO keeps each party`s portfolio of generation and load individually in balance when adjusting schedules to relieve congestion on interzonal paths. By keeping the portfolios of the different parties separate, the ISO clears its transmission market without arranging energy trades between parties. Parties are responsible for arranging their own trades. The ISO does not become involved in the energy forward markets.
Gribik, P.R. [Perot Systems Corp., Los Angeles, CA (United States); Angelidis, G.A. [Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Francisco, CA (United States); Kovacs, R.R. [Southern California Edison, Rosemead, CA (United States)
A Comprehensive Approach for Computation and Implementation of Efficient Electricity Transmission Network Charges
This paper presents a comprehensive design of electricity transmission charges that are meant to recover regulated network costs. In addition, these charges must be able to meet a set of inter-related objectives. Most ...
P�rez-Arriaga, Ignacio J.
A high speed image transmission system for ultra-wideband wireless links
Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication is an emerging technology that offers short range, high data rate wireless transmission, with low power consumption and low consumer cost. Operating in the 3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz frequency ...
Liang, Helen He
DOE Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor...
DOE Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations DOE Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations DOE Affirms National Interest...
Kentucky Transmission Line Siting Methodology
EPRI, in conjunction with Georgia Transmission Corporation (GTC) and Photo Science, Inc. (PSI), developed a standardized methodology for siting overhead electric transmission lines. EPRI report 1013080, EPRI-GTC Overhead Electric Transmission Line Siting Methodology, published February 2006, provides additional information. This methodology has been applied in Georgia and currently is being applied to projects in Kentucky by East Kentucky Power Cooperative and E.ON U.S. on behalf of Louisville Gas and El...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Webmaster
reply. Your name: Your email address: Your message: Send Message Printable Version Transmission Grid Integration Home Issues Projects Research Staff Working with Us Publications...
DOE Electricity Transmission System Workshop
(including regional diversity, AC-DC transmission and distribution solutions, microgrids, energy storage, and centralized-decentralized control) * Accommodates two-way flows...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Projects
Generation Integration Study Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission SIND Toolkit Electricity Market Design Energy Imbalance Markets Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for...
Underground Transmission Cable System Construction and Installation Practices Manual � 2012 Update
A reliable underground transmission line depends on acceptable cable system manufacturing, design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance. Within implementation, construction and installation remain the most expensive processes. Recent advances in underground transmission have led to more demand for best practices and innovative ways to reduce construction and installation costs in a cable project.�Background ...
The interior transmission problem and bounds on transmission eigenvalues
We study the interior transmission eigenvalue problem for sign-definite multiplicative perturbations of the Laplacian in a bounded domain. We show that all but finitely many complex transmission eigenvalues are confined to a parabolic neighborhood of the positive real axis.
Hitrik, Michael; Ola, Petri; P�iv�rinta, Lassi
Wind turbine cost of electricity and capacity factor
Wind turbines are currently designed to minimize the cost of electricity at the wind turbine (the busbar cost) in a given wind regime, ignoring constraints on the capacity factor (the ratio of the average power output to the maximum power output). The trade-off between these two quantities can be examined in a straightforward fashion; it is found that the capacity factor can be increased by a factor of 30 percent above its value at the cost minimum for a ten percent increase in the busbar cost of electricity. This has important implications for the large-scale integration of wind electricity on utility grids where the cost of transmission may be a significant fraction of the cost of delivered electricity, or where transmission line capacity may be limited.
Cavallo, A.J. [Cavallo (A.J.), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Administration. 2004. Electricity Transmission in aInterruptions to U.S. Electricity Customers. September. (Cost Models in Electricity Planning and Pricing. �
The unit cost factors and calculation methods for decommissioning - Cost estimation of nuclear research facilities
Available in abstract form only. Full text of publication follows: The uncertainties of decommissioning costs increase high due to several conditions. Decommissioning cost estimation depends on the complexity of nuclear installations, its site-specific physical and radiological inventories. Therefore, the decommissioning costs of nuclear research facilities must be estimated in accordance with the detailed sub-tasks and resources by the tasks of decommissioning activities. By selecting the classified activities and resources, costs are calculated by the items and then the total costs of all decommissioning activities are reshuffled to match with its usage and objectives. And the decommissioning cost of nuclear research facilities is calculated by applying a unit cost factor method on which classification of decommissioning works fitted with the features and specifications of decommissioning objects and establishment of composition factors are based. Decommissioning costs of nuclear research facilities are composed of labor cost, equipment and materials cost. Of these three categorical costs, the calculation of labor costs are very important because decommissioning activities mainly depend on labor force. Labor costs in decommissioning activities are calculated on the basis of working time consumed in decommissioning objects and works. The working times are figured out of unit cost factors and work difficulty factors. Finally, labor costs are figured out by using these factors as parameters of calculation. The accuracy of decommissioning cost estimation results is much higher compared to the real decommissioning works. (authors)
Kwan-Seong Jeong; Dong-Gyu Lee; Chong-Hun Jung; Kune-Woo Lee [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Deokjin-dong 150, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353 (Korea, Republic of)
Integrating Wind into Transmission Planning: The Rocky Mountain Area Transmission Study (RMATS): Preprint
Plans to expand the western grid are now underway. Bringing power from low-cost remote resources--including wind--to load centers could reduce costs for all consumers. But many paths appear to be already congested. Locational marginal price-based modeling is designed to identify the most cost-effective paths to be upgraded. The ranking of such paths is intended as the start of a process of political and regulatory approvals that are expected to result in the eventual construction of new and upgraded lines. This paper reviews the necessary data and analytical tasks to accurately represent wind in such modeling, and addresses some policy and regulatory issues that can help with wind integration into the grid. Providing wind fair access to the grid also (and more immediately) depends on tariff and regulatory changes. Expansion of the Rocky Mountain Area Transmission Study (RMATS) study scope to address operational issues supports the development of transmission solutions that enable wind to connect and deliver power in the next few years--much sooner than upgrades can be completed.
Hamilton, R.; Lehr, R.; Olsen, D.; Nielsen, J.; Acker, T.; Milligan, M.; Geller, H.
EC Transmission Line Materials
The purpose of this document is to identify materials acceptable for use in the US ITER Project Office (USIPO)-supplied components for the ITER Electron cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (ECH&CD) transmission lines (TL), PBS-52. The source of material property information for design analysis shall be either the applicable structural code or the ITER Material Properties Handbook. In the case of conflict, the ITER Material Properties Handbook shall take precedence. Materials selection, and use, shall follow the guidelines established in the Materials Assessment Report (MAR). Materials exposed to vacuum shall conform to the ITER Vacuum Handbook. [Ref. 2] Commercial materials shall conform to the applicable standard (e.g., ASTM, JIS, DIN) for the definition of their grade, physical, chemical and electrical properties and related testing. All materials for which a suitable certification from the supplier is not available shall be tested to determine the relevant properties, as part of the procurement. A complete traceability of all the materials including welding materials shall be provided. Halogenated materials (example: insulating materials) shall be forbidden in areas served by the detritiation systems. Exceptions must be approved by the Tritium System and Safety Section Responsible Officers.
Cost Study Manual
28, 2012 28, 2012 Cost Study Manual Executive Summary This Cost Study Manual documents the procedures for preparing a Cost Study to compare the cost of a contractor's employee benefits to the industry average from a broad-based national benefit cost survey. The annual Employee Benefits Cost Study Comparison (Cost Study) assists with the analysis of contractors' employee benefits costs. The Contracting Officer (CO) may require corrective action when the average benefit per capita cost or the benefit cost as a percent of payroll exceeds the comparator group by more than five percent. For example, if per capita benefit costs for the comparator group are $10,000 and the benefit costs as a percent of payroll for the comparator group are 20%, the threshold for the contractor's benefits as a
Duke Energy's Transmission Roadmap Initiative
Duke Energy's Transmission Roadmap Initiative advances a vision for development of a power delivery communications and automation infrastructure. The initiative describes performance of a communications upgrade to substations, implementation of select technologies and applications, and integration of enterprise applications, databases, and systems. This report provides a comprehensive view of Duke's Transmission Roadmap Initiative, with a complete technology assessment, infrastructure overview, and discu...
Semiclassical transmission across transition states
It is shown that the probability of quantum-mechanical transmission across a phase space bottleneck can be compactly approximated using an operator derived from a complex Poincar\\'e return map. This result uniformly incorporates tunnelling effects with classically-allowed transmission and generalises a result previously derived for a classically small region of phase space.
Stephen C. Creagh
MHK Technologies/Wave Energy Seawater Transmission WEST | Open Energy
Wave Energy Seawater Transmission WEST Wave Energy Seawater Transmission WEST < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage Wave Energy Seawater Transmission WEST.jpg Technology Profile Primary Organization Atmocean Inc Project(s) where this technology is utilized *MHK Projects/WEST Testing Technology Resource Click here Wave Technology Type Click here Point Absorber Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 1-3: Discovery / Concept Definition / Early Stage Development & Design & Engineering Technology Description Atmocean WEST efficiently captures wave energy by deploying many inexpensive devices across large ocean regions. By using hydraulic transmission, WEST avoids the high cost of seafloor power lines, generating electricity onshore to achieve higher reliability at lower cost. When WEST is combined with Bright Energy Storage Technologies seafloor compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, the two enable base load renewable power (eliminating the need for backup fossil-fuel power) at a projected levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of $.08/kWh to $.12/kWh.
Cost-Effective Cable Insulation: Nanoclay Reinforced Ethylene-Propylene-Rubber for Low-Cost HVDC Cabling
GENI Project: GE is developing new, low-cost insulation for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electricity transmission cables. The current material used to insulate HVDC transmission cables is very expensive and can account for as much as 1/3 of the total cost of a high-voltage transmission system. GE is embedding nanomaterials into specialty rubber to create its insulation. Not only are these materials less expensive than those used in conventional HVDC insulation, but also they will help suppress excess charge accumulation. The excess charge left behind on a cable poses a major challenge for high-voltage insulation�if it�s not kept to a low level, it could ultimately lead the insulation to fail. GE�s low-cost insulation is compatible with existing U.S. cable manufacturing processes, further enhancing its cost effectiveness.
ITC Transmission | Open Energy Information
ITC Transmission ITC Transmission Jump to: navigation, search Name ITC Transmission Place Michigan Utility Id 56068 Utility Location Yes Ownership T NERC RFC Yes ISO MISO Yes Activity Transmission Yes Alt Fuel Vehicle Yes Alt Fuel Vehicle2 Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png No rate schedules available. Average Rates No Rates Available References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=ITC_Transmission&oldid=410858" Categories: EIA Utility Companies and Aliases Utility
Transmission Reliability | Department of Energy
Transmission Reliability Transmission Reliability Transmission Reliability Modernizing America's electricity infrastructure is one of the U.S. Department of Energy's top priorities. The DOE Strategic Plan states that today's electric grid needs to be more efficient, reliable, and secure. A modern, smarter electric grid may save consumers money, help our economy run more efficiently, allow rapid growth in renewable energy sources, and enhance energy reliability. The Department's research into a variety of tools that will improve advanced system monitoring, visualization, control, operations, and market structure will ultimately modernize the electricity transmission infrastructure to ease congestion, allow for increases in demand, and provide a greater degree of security. The Transmission Reliability Program is aligned with this strategic plan
Liquefaction and Pipeline Costs
factors add 20 percent to liquefaction plant total installed cost 6 Distribution Pipeline Costs Collected historical Oil & Gas Journal data, and surveyed for current urban and...
Energy Transmission and Infrastructure
The objective of Energy Transmission and Infrastructure Northern Ohio (OH) was to lay the conceptual and analytical foundation for an energy economy in northern Ohio that will: � improve the efficiency with which energy is used in the residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and transportation sectors for Oberlin, Ohio as a district-wide model for Congressional District OH-09; � identify the potential to deploy wind and solar technologies and the most effective configuration for the regional energy system (i.e., the ratio of distributed or centralized power generation); � analyze the potential within the district to utilize farm wastes to produce biofuels; � enhance long-term energy security by identifying ways to deploy local resources and building Ohio-based enterprises; � identify the policy, regulatory, and financial barriers impeding development of a new energy system; and � improve energy infrastructure within Congressional District OH-09. This objective of laying the foundation for a renewable energy system in Ohio was achieved through four primary areas of activity: 1. district-wide energy infrastructure assessments and alternative-energy transmission studies; 2. energy infrastructure improvement projects undertaken by American Municipal Power (AMP) affiliates in the northern Ohio communities of Elmore, Oak Harbor, and Wellington; 3. Oberlin, OH-area energy assessment initiatives; and 4. a district-wide conference held in September 2011 to disseminate year-one findings. The grant supported 17 research studies by leading energy, policy, and financial specialists, including studies on: current energy use in the district and the Oberlin area; regional potential for energy generation from renewable sources such as solar power, wind, and farm-waste; energy and transportation strategies for transitioning the City of Oberlin entirely to renewable resources and considering pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transportation as well as drivers in developing transportation policies; energy audits and efficiency studies for Oberlin-area businesses and Oberlin College; identification of barriers to residential energy efficiency and development of programming to remove these barriers; mapping of the solar-photovoltaic and wind-energy supply chains in northwest Ohio; and opportunities for vehicle sharing and collaboration among the ten organizations in Lorain County from the private, government, non-profit, and educational sectors. With non-grant funds, organizations have begun or completed projects that drew on the findings of the studies, including: creation of a residential energy-efficiency program for the Oberlin community; installation of energy-efficient lighting in Oberlin College facilities; and development by the City of Oberlin and Oberlin College of a 2.27 megawatt solar photovoltaic facility that is expected to produce 3,000 megawatt-hours of renewable energy annually, 12% of the College�s yearly power needs. Implementation of these and other projects is evidence of the economic feasibility and technical effectiveness of grant-supported studies, and additional projects are expected to advance to implementation in the coming years. The public has benefited through improved energydelivery systems and reduced energy use for street lighting in Elmore, Oak Harbor, and Wellington; new opportunities for assistance and incentives for residential energy efficiency in the Oberlin community; new opportunities for financial and energy savings through vehicle collaboration within Lorain County; and decreased reliance on fossil fuels and expanded production of renewable energy in the region. The dissemination conference and the summary report developed for the conference also benefited the public, but making the findings and recommendations of the regional studies broadly available to elected officials, city managers, educators, representatives of the private sector, and the general public.
Mathison, Jane
Highly Insulating Windows - Cost
Cost Cost The following is an estimate of the cost effective incremental cost of highly-insulating windows (U-factor=0.20 Btu/hr-ft2-F) compared to regular ENERGY STAR windows (U-factor 0.35 Btu/hr-ft2-F). Energy savings from lower U-factors were simulated with RESFEN over an assumed useful window life of 25 years. To determine the maximum incremental cost at which highly-insulating windows would still be cost-effective, we used a formula used by many utility companies to calculate the cost of saved energy from energy efficiency programs, based on the programs' cost and savings. We turned this formula around so that the cost of saved energy equals the present energy prices in the studied locations, whereas the program cost (the incremental cost of the windows) is the dependent variable. By entering 5%
Conductive Channel for Energy Transmission
For many years the attempts to create conductive channels of big length were taken in order to study the upper atmosphere and to settle special tasks, related to energy transmission. There upon the program of creation of 'Impulsar' represents a great interest, as this program in a combination with high-voltage high repetition rate electrical source can be useful to solve the above mentioned problems (N. Tesla ideas for the days of high power lasers). The principle of conductive channel production can be shortly described as follows. The 'Impulsar' - laser jet engine vehicle - propulsion take place under the influence of powerful high repetition rate pulse-periodic laser radiation. In the experiments the CO{sub 2}-laser and solid state Nd:YAG laser systems had been used. Active impulse appears thanks to air breakdown (<30 km) or to the breakdown of ablated material on the board (>30 km), placed in the vicinity of the focusing mirror-acceptor of the breakdown waves. With each pulse of powerful laser the device rises up, leaving a bright and dense trace of products with high degree of ionization and metallization by conductive nano-particles due to ablation. Conductive dust plasma properties investigation in our experiments was produced by two very effective approaches: high power laser controlled ablation and by explosion of wire. Experimental and theoretical results of conductive canal modeling will be presented. The estimations show that with already experimentally demonstrated figures of specific thrust impulse the lower layers of the Ionosphere can be reached in several ten seconds that is enough to keep the high level of channel conductivity and stability with the help of high repetition rate high voltage generator. Some possible applications for new technology are highlighted.
Apollonov, Victor V. [A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Vavilov Str. 38, Moscow, 119991 (Russian Federation)
Infrared Transmission Spectra for Extrasolar Giant Planets
Among the hot Jupiters that transit their parent stars known to date, the two best candidates to be observed with transmission spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (MIR) are HD189733b and HD209458b, due to their combined characteristics of planetary density, orbital parameters and parent star distance and brightness. Here we simulate transmission spectra of these two planets during their primary eclipse in the MIR, and we present sensitivity studies of the spectra to the changes of atmospheric thermal properties, molecular abundances and C/O ratios. Our model predicts that the dominant species absorbing in the MIR on hot Jupiters are water vapor and carbon monoxide, and their relative abundances are determined by the C/O ratio. Since the temperature profile plays a secondary role in the transmission spectra of hot Jupiters compared to molecular abundances, future primary eclipse observations in the MIR of those objects might give an insight on EGP atmospheric chemistry. We find here that the absorption features caused by water vapor and carbon monoxide in a cloud-free atmosphere, are deep enough to be observable by the present and future generation of space-based observatories, such as Spitzer Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope. We discuss our results in light of the capabilities of these telescopes.
G. Tinetti; M. C. Liang; A. Vidal-Madjar; D. Ehrenreich; A. Lecavelier des Etangs; Y. Yung
Foodborne Illness Cost Calculator | Data.gov
Foodborne Illness Cost Calculator Foodborne Illness Cost Calculator Agriculture Community Menu DATA APPS EVENTS DEVELOPER STATISTICS COLLABORATE ABOUT Agriculture You are here Data.gov » Communities » Agriculture » Data Foodborne Illness Cost Calculator Dataset Summary Description The calculator provides information on the assumptions behind foodborne illness cost estimates and gives you a chance to make your own assumptions and calculate your own cost estimates. This interactive web-based tool allows users to estimate the cost of illness due to specific foodborne pathogens. The updated ERS cost estimate for Shiga-toxin producing E. coli O157 (STEC O157) was added to the Calculator in spring, 2008. Calculator users can now review and change the assumptions behind the ERS cost estimates for either STEC O157 or Salmonella. The assumptions that can be modified include the annual number of cases, the distribution of cases by severity, the use or costs of medical care, the amount or value of time lost from work, the costs of premature death, and the disutility costs for nonfatal cases. Users can also update the cost estimate for inflation for any year from 1997 to 2007.
External Costs of Energy Technologies Position Statement
The American Nuclear Society believes that decisions concerning national energy policy should appropriately take external costs into account. In some energy options, external costs are not included in the cost of the energy produced; instead, they are borne by parties not involved in the original transaction, generally without consent or due compensation. External costs 1 may be related to many factors, including impacts on public health, environmental impacts, degradation of quality of life, degradation of agricultural land, depletion of natural resources, and reduction in security. These costs are incurred at various stages of the life cycle of an energy technology. While some energy technologies may appear to have smaller environmental impacts than others, their external costs may be significant when the complete life cycle costs are taken into account. Particularly, an energy source that is inherently intermittent will require, for applications demanding reliable performance, either a backup energy supply or an energy storage facility, whose external costs are not negligible. On the other hand, practically all the costs to make nuclear power technology safe and secure, including the costs of waste management and disposal, are already incorporated into the cost of electricity generation. 2 Appropriately accounting for external costs should be an essential element in energy policy since in doing so, the final product is compared based on a consistent set of parameters for all technologies, and the resulting mix of energy sources will more appropriately balance the competing economic, environmental, and social needs from energy production and consumption.
Transparent Cost Database | Transparent Cost Database
Hide data for this chart (-)Show data for this chart (+) Loading data... Transparent Cost Database Generation Showing: Historical Projections Year Published: Release mouse to...
SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration
Transmission Grid Integration to Transmission Grid Integration to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Transmission Grid Integration on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Systems Integration Research, Development, & Demonstration Distribution Grid Integration Transmission Grid Integration Solar Resource Assessment Technology Validation Power Electronics & Balance of System Hardware Technologies Competitive Awards
INDEPENDENT COST REVIEW (ICR) and INDEPENDENT COST ESTIMATE ...
INDEPENDENT COST REVIEW (ICR) and INDEPENDENT COST ESTIMATE (ICE) Standard Operating Procedures INDEPENDENT COST REVIEW (ICR) and INDEPENDENT COST ESTIMATE (ICE) Standard Operating...
Midwest Transmission Workshop I Summary
OAK-B135 The meeting was opened with a review of the purposes of the workshop: (1) Present and discuss key studies and assessments of transmission upgrades, additions and related issues for the upper Midwest, including work that addresses the full range of views on these topics; (2) Understand the various transmission issues in the upper Midwest and discuss options for addressing the issues; and (3) Identify the decision makers and entities that need to play an active role if transmission issues are to be resolved, and agree on next steps for engaging these individuals and organizations through education, outreach, and information dissemination.
Kevin Bryan
Electrical transmission line diametrical retainer
The invention is a mechanism for retaining an electrical transmission line. In one embodiment of the invention it is a system for retaining an electrical transmission line within down hole components. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the system includes a plurality of downhole components, such as sections of pipe in a drill string. The system also includes a coaxial cable running between the first and second end of a drill pipe, the coaxial cable having a conductive tube and a conductive core within it. The invention allows the electrical transmission line to with stand the tension and compression of drill pipe during routine drilling cycles.
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT); Pixton, David (Lehi, UT); Dahlgren, Scott (Provo, UT); Sneddon, Cameron (Provo, UT); Briscoe, Michael (Lehi, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT)
Method and apparatus for executing a shift in a hybrid transmission
A method for executing a transmission shift in a hybrid transmission including first and second electric machines includes executing a shift-through-neutral sequence from an initial transmission state to a target transmission state including executing an intermediate shift to neutral. Upon detecting a change in an output torque request while executing the shift-through-neutral sequence, possible recovery shift paths are identified. Available ones of the possible recovery shift paths are identified and a shift cost for each said available recovery shift path is evaluated. The available recovery shift path having a minimum shift cost is selected as a preferred recovery shift path and is executed to achieve a non-neutral transmission state.
Gupta, Pinaki; Kaminsky, Lawrence A; Demirovic, Besim
Early Station Costs Questionnaire
Early Station Costs Questionnaire Early Station Costs Questionnaire Marc Melaina Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center Market Readiness Workshop February 16-17th, 2011 Washington, DC Questionnaire Goals * The Early Station Costs questionnaire provides an anonymous mechanism for organizations with direct experience with hydrogen station costs to provide feedback on current costs, near-term costs, economies of scale, and R&D priorities. * This feedback serves the hydrogen community and government agencies by increasing awareness of the status of refueling infrastructure costs National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Questions for Market Readiness Workshop Attendees * Are these questions the right ones to be asking?
Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to
Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to Climate Change Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to Climate Change August 12, 2013 - 5:25pm Addthis Transmission lines along Highway 15 outside Victorville, California. | Photo courtesy of Abby Rowling. Transmission lines along Highway 15 outside Victorville, California. | Photo courtesy of Abby Rowling. Patricia A. Hoffman Patricia A. Hoffman Assistant Secretary, Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability Jim Stock Member - White House Council of Economic Advisers EDITOR'S NOTE: This article originally appeared on WhiteHouse.gov. This week marks the tenth anniversary of one of the worst power outages in the United States, during which tens of millions of Americans were affected
Low Cost, Durable Seal
Cost, Durable Seal Cost, Durable Seal George M. Roberts UTC Power Corporation February 14, 2007 This presentation does not contain any proprietary or confidential information 1 LOW COST, DURABLE SEAL Outline * Project Objective * Technical Approach * Timeline * Team Roles * Budget * Q&A 2 LOW COST, DURABLE SEAL Project Objective Develop advanced, low cost, durable seal materials and sealing techniques amenable to high volume manufacture of PEM cell stacks. DOE Targets/Goals/Objectives Project Goal Durability Transportation: 5,000 hr Stationary: 40,000 hr Durability Improve mechanical and chemical stability to achieve 40,000 hr of useful operating life. Low Cost Low Cost A material cost equivalent to or less than the cost of silicones in common use. 3 LOW COST, DURABLE SEAL
Assessment of Transmission Congestion for Major Electricity Markets in the US
the last few years has led to several structural and regulatory issues regarding transmission grid-7803-7173-9/01/$10.00 © 2001 IEEE 1152 #12;where, c,, (p,, )=Generation cost curve' B,, (p,, )=Benefitcurve for the demand >, p welfare function given by Equation ( 1) becomes total cost of supplying electricity. The demand
Consumer Winter Heating Oil Costs
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
6 6 Notes: The outlook for heating oil costs this winter, due to high crude oil costs and tight heating oil supplies, breaks down to an expected increase in heating expenditures for a typical oil-heated household of more than $200 this winter, the result of an 18% increase in the average price and an 11% increase in consumption. The consumption increase is due to the colder than normal temperatures experienced so far this winter and our expectations of normal winter weather for the rest of this heating season. Last winter, Northeast heating oil (and diesel fuel) markets experienced an extremely sharp spike in prices when a severe weather situation developed in late January. It is virtually impossible to gauge the probability of a similar (or worse) price shock recurring this winter,
This document reports the results of a study of cost tools to support the analysis of Operations Other Than War (OOTW). It recommends the continued development of the Department of Defense (DoD) Contingency Operational Support Tool (COST) as the basic cost analysis tool for 00TWS. It also recommends modifications to be included in future versions of COST and the development of an 00TW mission planning tool to supply valid input for costing.
Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopes
ScanningTransmission Electron Microscopes Nion UltraSTEM 60-100 dedicated aberration-corrected STEM for low- to mid-voltage operation and Enfina EELS Contact: Juan-Carlos Idrobo,...
National Electric Transmission Congestion Studies
Section 216(a) of the Federal Power Act, as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, directs the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a study every three years on electric transmission...
Consumer Winter Natural Gas Costs - U.S. Energy Information ...
Household Gas Heating Costs. Since ... percent more by our calculations for a typical ... coming season they spent less for it due to much lower resid ...
Implications of Cost Effectiveness Screening Practices in a Low...
Implications of Cost Effectiveness Screening Practices in a Low Natural Gas Price Environment: Case Study of a Midwestern Residential Energy Upgrade Program NOTICE Due to the...
Aerogel commercialization: Technology, markets and costs
Commercialization of aerogels has been slow due to several factors including cost and manufacturability issues. The technology itself is well enough developed as a result of work over the past decade by an international-community of researchers. Several extensive substantial markets appear to exist for aerogels as thermal and sound insulators, if production costs can keep prices in line with competing established materials. The authors discuss here the elements which they have identified as key cost drivers, and they give a prognosis for the evolution of the technology leading to reduced cost aerogel production.
Carlson, G.; Lewis, D.; McKinley, K.; Richardson, J.; Tillotson, T.
Transmission Structure Foundation Design Guide
This guide contains the most current and comprehensive information for the design of foundations for overhead line structures. The guide covers the complete transmission structure foundation design process from the subsurface investigations and design of the foundations, to the construction and inspection of the foundation. Reference documents to assist transmission structure foundation designers in the development of specifications such as for subsurface investigations and foundation construction ...
Transmission and distribution infrastructures throughout the world are aging. As such, inspection, assessment, and maintenance of existing facilities have become increasingly important topics. This valuable reference provides an in-depth look at all facets of an inspection, assessment, and maintenance program for transmission line wood structures to help utilities develop and refine individual maintenance programs. The report is part of a broader multi-year effort by EPRI to develop a comprehensive handb...
Ultra-Long-Haul WDM transmission systems
This paper discusses the key transmission issues and design considerations for ultra-long-haul WDM systems. The key enabling technologies for the current generation of ultra-long-haul WDM transmission are described. Noise analysis and transmission modelling ...
Y. R. Zhou; A. Lord; S. R. Sikora
case study of U.S. transmission line siting,� Energy Policy,Dual variable on transmission line k�s power flownetwork branches (transmission lines), it is possible to
Generation and transmission expansion planning for renewable energy integration
In recent years the expansion planning problem has become increasingly complex. As expansion planning (sometimes called composite or integrated resource planning) is a non-linear and non-convex optimization problem, researchers have traditionally focused on approximate models of power flows to solve the problem. The problem has also been split into generation expansion planning (GEP) and transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) to improve computational tractability. Until recently these approximations have produced results that are straight-forward to combine and adapt to the more complex and complete problem. However, the power grid is evolving towards a state where the adaptations are no longer easy (e.g. large amounts of limited control, renewable generation, comparable generation and transmission construction costs) and necessitates new approaches. Recent work on deterministic Discrepancy Bounded Local Search (DBLS) has shown it to be quite effective in addressing the TNEP. In this paper, we propose a generalization of DBLS to handle simultaneous generation and transmission planning.
Bent, Russell W [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Berscheid, Alan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Toole, G. Loren [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Energy-Efficient Transmission Scheduling with Strict Underflow Constraints
We consider a single source transmitting data to a single receiver/user over a wireless channel. The channel is time-varying, and the user has a buffer to store received packets before they are drained. At each time step, the source determines how much power to use for transmission. The objective of the source is to allocate power in a manner that minimizes an expected cost measure, while satisfying strict buffer underflow constraints and a total power constraint in each slot. The expected cost measure is composed of costs associated with power consumption from transmission and packet holding costs. The primary application motivating this problem is wireless media streaming. For this application, the buffer underflow constraints prevent the user buffer from emptying, so as to maintain playout quality. We show that a modified base-stock policy is optimal under the finite and infinite horizon discounted expected cost criteria. For a special case, we present the sequences of critical numbers that complete the ch...
Shuman, David I
Optimization for Design and Operation of Natural Gas Transmission Networks
This study addresses the problem of designing a new natural gas transmission network or expanding an existing network while minimizing the total investment and operating costs. A substantial reduction in costs can be obtained by effectively designing and operating the network. A well-designed network helps natural gas companies minimize the costs while increasing the customer service level. The aim of the study is to determine the optimum installation scheduling and locations of new pipelines and compressor stations. On an existing network, the model also optimizes the total flow through pipelines that satisfy demand to determine the best purchase amount of gas. A mixed integer nonlinear programming model for steady-state natural gas transmission problem on tree-structured network is introduced. The problem is a multi-period model, so changes in the network over a planning horizon can be observed and decisions can be made accordingly in advance. The problem is modeled and solved with easily accessible modeling and solving tools in order to help decision makers to make appropriate decisions in a short time. Various test instances are generated, including problems with different sizes, period lengths and cost parameters, to evaluate the performance and reliability of the model. Test results revealed that the proposed model helps to determine the optimum number of periods in a planning horizon and the crucial cost parameters that affect the network structure the most.
Dilaveroglu, Sebnem 1986-
Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations DOE Affirms National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor Designations March 6, 2008 - 11:54am Addthis...
DOE National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors Conference
National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors Conference March 29, 2006 Hilton Garden Hotel Chicago, IL William H. Whitehead General Manager, Transmission Strategy PJM...
Electric Power Generation and Transmission (Iowa) | Department...
Power Generation and Transmission (Iowa) Electric Power Generation and Transmission (Iowa) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Industrial Investor-Owned Utility MunicipalPublic...
Interconnection-Wide Transmission Planning Initiative: Topic...
State Agency Input Regarding Electric Resource and Transmission Planning in the Texas Interconnection Interconnection-Wide Transmission Planning Initiative: Topic B, State Agency...
Transmission/Photo Gallery | Open Energy Information
Gallery < Transmission Jump to: navigation, search PhotoGalleryHeader.png Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada...
American Transmission Systems Inc | Open Energy Information
American Transmission Systems Inc Place Ohio Utility Id 56162 Utility Location Yes Ownership T NERC Location RFC NERC RFC Yes ISO MISO Yes Activity Transmission Yes References EIA...
Transmission/Permitting Atlas | Open Energy Information
Atlas < Transmission Jump to: navigation, search PermittingAtlasHeader.png Roadmap Compare States General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California...
Interconnection-Wide Transmission Planning Initiative: Topic B, State Agency Input Regarding Electric Resource and Transmission Planning in the Texas Interconnection...
EIS-0285: Transmission System Vegetation Management Program ...
Transmission System Vegetation Management Program June 23, 2000 EIS-0285: EPA Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Impact Statement Transmission System Vegetation...
Casablanca Carlos American Electric Power Transmission Owner
(Facilitator) Chantal PJM Interconnection Not Applicable Horstmann John Dayton Power & Light Company (The) Transmission Owner Issermoyer John PPL Electric Utilities Corp. dba PPL Utilities Transmission Owner
Pjm Interconnection Llc; Teleconference Webex Participants; Firstenergy Solutions; Corp Transmission Owner; Boltz Jeff; Firstenergy Solutions; Corp Transmission Owner; Fecho Thomas; Indiana Michigan; Power Company; Transmission Owner; Patten Kevin; Company Transmission Owner
Electric generating or transmission facility: determination of...
Electric generating or transmission facility: determination of rate-making principles and treatment: procedure (Kansas) Electric generating or transmission facility: determination...
Definition: Deferred Transmission Capacity Investments | Open...
transformers.1 Related Terms transmission lines, transformer, transmission line, sustainability References SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Benefits' An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike...
Definition: Firm Transmission Service | Open Energy Information
Definition No reegle definition available. Also Known As Firm services Related Terms transmission lines, electricity generation, transmission line, smart grid References ...
Definition: Transmission Reliability | Open Energy Information
to ensure reliable system operation as system conditions change.1 Related Terms transmission lines, transfer capability, system, transmission line References Glossary...
Definition: Transmission Reliability Margin | Open Energy Information
system operation as system conditions change.1 Related Terms transfer capability, transmission lines, system, transmission line References Glossary of Terms Used in...
Definition: Transmission Constraint | Open Energy Information
that may be reached during normal or contingency system operations.1 Related Terms transmission lines, system, contingency, transmission line, element References ...
Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild
which is a cooperating agency in the project. The proposed project would: Rebuild aging and deteriorating transmission lines Reduce the number of linear miles of transmission...
Michigan Electric Transmission Company | Open Energy Information
Transmission Company Jump to: navigation, search Name Michigan Electric Transmission Company Place Michigan Utility Id 56163 Utility Location Yes Ownership T NERC RFC Yes ISO MISO...
Operations Cost Allocation Project
Operations Consolidation Project Operations Consolidation Project Operations Consolidation Project (OCP) Cost Allocation Presentation - September 20, 2011 OCP Cost Allocation Customer Presentation List of Acronyms OCP Cost Allocation Spreadsheets OCP Cost Allocation Customer Presentation - Questions and Answers - September 19 - 20, 2011 Additional Questions and Answers Customer Comments/Questions and Answers: Arizona Municipal Power Users Association Arizona Power Authority Central Arizona Project Colorado River Commission Colorado River Energy Distributors Association City of Gilbert, AZ Irrigation and Electrical Districts Association of Arizona Town of Marana, AZ City of Mesa, AZ Town of Wickenburg, AZ Western's Final Decision Regarding the Long-Term Cost Allocation Methodology for Operations Staff Costs
Minimum Cost Arborescences ?
In this paper, we analyze the cost allocation problem when a group of agents or nodes have to be connected to a source, and where the cost matrix describing the cost of connecting each pair of agents is not necessarily symmetric, thus extending the well-studied problem of minimum cost spanning tree games, where the costs are assumed to be symmetric. The focus is on rules which satisfy axioms representing incentive and fairness properties. We show that while some results are similar, there are also significant differences between the frameworks corresponding to symmetric and asymmetric cost matrices.
Bhaskar Dutta; Debasis Mishra; We Thank Daniel Granot; Anirban Kar; Herve Moulin For Comments
Nuclear fuel cycle costs
The costs for the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle, which were developed as part of the Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program (NASAP), are presented. Total fuel cycle costs are given for the pressurized water reactor once-through and fuel recycle systems, and for the liquid-metal fast breeder reactor system. These calculations show that fuel cycle costs are a small part of the total power costs. For breeder reactors, fuel cycle costs are about half that of the present once-through system. The total power cost of the breeder reactor system is greater than that of light-water reactor at today's prices for uranium and enrichment.
Burch, W.D.; Haire, M.J.; Rainey, R.H.
Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or Distribution Applications
As a result of a recent increase of interest in and deployment of energy storage options for transmission and distribution (T&D) applications, a large body of information has accumulated, but it is often not readily available to utility engineers in a single, succinct document. Facts on technology description, status, cost and performance information, and lessons learned are often dispersed among multiple vendors and users of prototype and developmental hardware. "Apple to apple" comparative data is virt...
Estimating the Economic 'Trade' Value of Increased Transmission Capability
The authors offer a new method of estimating the potential gains achievable via transmission expansion in moving power from lower-priced to higher-priced regions. Rather than relying on simulation approaches, where electricity is dispatched based on specific assumptions regarding market-bidding behavior, plant generating costs, and plant availability, this technique instead relies on actual market data to estimate this source of economic value. (author)
Kleit, Andrew N.; Reitzes, James D.
NDN, volume transmission, and self-organization in brain dynamics
NDN, VOLUME TRANSMISSION, AND SELF- ORGANIZATION IN BRAINThese systems instantiate volume transmission bynonsynaptic diffusion transmission, in concert with the
Freeman, Walter J III
Definition: Non-Firm Transmission Service | Open Energy Information
available. Also Known As Interruptible Load or Interruptible Demand Related Terms transmission lines, electricity generation, transmission line, firm transmission service,...
Hydrogen Threshold Cost Calculation
Program Record (Offices of Fuel Cell Technologies) Program Record (Offices of Fuel Cell Technologies) Record #: 11007 Date: March 25, 2011 Title: Hydrogen Threshold Cost Calculation Originator: Mark Ruth & Fred Joseck Approved by: Sunita Satyapal Date: March 24, 2011 Description: The hydrogen threshold cost is defined as the hydrogen cost in the range of $2.00-$4.00/gge (2007$) which represents the cost at which hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are projected to become competitive on a cost per mile basis with the competing vehicles [gasoline in hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs)] in 2020. This record documents the methodology and assumptions used to calculate that threshold cost. Principles: The cost threshold analysis is a "top-down" analysis of the cost at which hydrogen would be
Hydrogen Pathway Cost Distributions
Pathway Cost Distributions Pathway Cost Distributions Jim Uihlein Fuel Pathways Integration Tech Team January 25, 2006 2 Outline * Pathway-Independent Cost Goal * Cost Distribution Objective * Overview * H2A Influence * Approach * Implementation * Results * Discussion Process * Summary 3 Hydrogen R&D Cost Goal * Goal is pathway independent * Developed through a well defined, transparent process * Consumer fueling costs are equivalent or less on a cents per mile basis * Evolved gasoline ICE and gasoline-electric hybrids are benchmarks * R&D guidance provided in two forms * Evolved gasoline ICE defines a threshold hydrogen cost used to screen or eliminate options which can't show ability to meet target * Gasoline-electric hybrid defines a lower hydrogen cost used to prioritize projects for resource allocation
Reduce Oil Dependence Costs
Reduce Oil Dependence Costs U.S. Petroleum Use, 1970-2010 Nearly 40% of the oil we use is imported, costing us roughly 300 billion annually. Increased domestic oil production from...
Documents: Cost Analysis
Analysis Search Documents: Search PDF Documents View a list of all documents Cost Analysis PDF Icon Summary of the Cost Analysis Report for the Long-term Management of Depleted UF6...
Chemical Lifecycle Management Cost
Chemical Lifecycle Management Cost Presented by: J.M. Hieb, CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company CHPRC1204-04 Chemical Lifecycle Management Cost Everyone is trying to stretch a...
Microwave and millimeter-wave rectifying circuit arrays and ultra-wideband antennas for wireless power transmission and communications
In the future, space solar power transmission and wireless power transmission will play an important role in gathering clean and infinite energy from space. The rectenna, i.e., a rectifying circuit combined with an antenna, is one of the most important components in the wireless power transmission system. To obtain high power and high output voltage, the use of a large rectenna array is necessary. Many novel rectennas and rectenna arrays for microwave and millimeter-wave wireless power transmission have been developed. Unlike the traditional rectifying circuit using a single diode, dual diodes are used to double the DC output voltage with the same circuit layout dimensions. The rectenna components are then combined to form rectenna arrays using different interconnections. The rectennas and the arrays are analyzed by using a linear circuit model. Furthermore, to precisely align the mainbeams of the transmitter and the receiver, a retrodirective array is developed to maintain high efficiency. The retrodirective array is able to track the incident wave and resend the signal to where it came from without any prior known information of the source location. The ultra-wideband radio has become one of the most important communication systems because of demand for high data-rate transmission. Hence, ultra-wideband antennas have received much attention in mobile wireless communications. Planar monopole ultra-wideband antennas for UHF, microwave, and millimeter-wave bands are developed, with many advantages such as simple structure, low cost, light weight, and ease of fabrication. Due to the planar structures, the ultra-wideband antennas can be easily integrated with other circuits. On the other hand, with an ultra-wide bandwidth, source power can be transmitted at different frequencies dependent on power availability. Furthermore, the ultra-wideband antenna can potentially handle wireless power transmission and data communications simultaneously. The technologies developed can also be applied to dual-frequency or the multi-frequency antennas. In this dissertation, many new rectenna arrays, retrodirective rectenna arrays, and ultra-wideband antennas are presented for microwave and millimeter-wave applications. The technologies are not only very useful for wireless power transmission and communication systems, but also they could have many applications in future radar, surveillance, and remote sensing systems.
Ren, Yu-Jiun
Cost Estimation Recommendations
...D.P. Hoult and C.L. Meador, Manufacturing Cost Estimating, Materials Selection and Design, Vol 20, ASM Handbook,
Renewable Energy Loan Applications Due Today! | Department of Energy
Renewable Energy Loan Applications Due Today! Renewable Energy Loan Applications Due Today! Renewable Energy Loan Applications Due Today! October 5, 2010 - 12:15pm Addthis Ebony Meeks Former Assistant Press Secretary, Office of Public Affairs If you haven't submitted your Part I application for Department of Energy Loan Guarantee Program's Renewables Solicitation yet, today is your last day! Round 8, Part I applications for DOE's Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Advanced Transmission and Distribution Technologies Solicitation (2009) are due today by midnight EDT. Applicants can submit information through either the online application portal or by using FedConnect and Express Mail. Round 7 and Round 8 Part II applications are due December 31, 2010. The "Renewables Solicitation" invites the submission of applications
Power Plant Cycling Costs
This report provides a detailed review of the most up to date data available on power plant cycling costs. The primary objective of this report is to increase awareness of power plant cycling cost, the use of these costs in renewable integration studies and to stimulate debate between policymakers, system dispatchers, plant personnel and power utilities.
Kumar, N.; Besuner, P.; Lefton, S.; Agan, D.; Hilleman, D.
Development of superconducting transmission cable. CRADA final report
The purpose of this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Southwire Company is to develop the technology necessary to proceed to commercialization of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cables. Power transmission cables are a promising near-term electric utility application for high-temperature superconductivity. Present HTS wires match the needs for a three-phase transmission cable: (1) the wires must conduct high currents in self-field, (2) there are no high forces developed, and (3) the cables may operate at relatively low current density. The commercially-available HTS wires, in 100-m lengths, make construction of a full three-phase, alternating current (ac) transmission cable possible. If completed through the pre-commercialization phase, this project will result in a new capability for electric power companies. The superconducting cable will enable delivery with greater efficiency, higher power density, and lower costs than many alternatives now on the market. Job creation in the US is expected as US manufacturers supply transmission cables to the expanding markets in Asia and to the densely populated European cities where pipe-type cable is prevalent. Finally, superconducting cables may enable delivery of the new, diverse and distributed sources of electricity that will constitute the majority of new installed electrical generation in the world during the coming decades.
Hawsey, R.; Stovall, J.P. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Hughey, R.L.; Sinha, U.K. [Southwire Co., Carrollton, GA (United States)
A Comparative Study of Metaheuristic Methods for Transmission Network Expansion Planning
Transmission network expansion planning is a very complex and computationally demanding problem due to the discrete nature of the optimization variables. This complexity has increased even more in a restructured deregulated environment. In this regard, ... Keywords: Bacteria Foraging, Genetic Algorithm, Metaheuristics, Particle Swarm Optimization, Transmission Expansion Planning
Ashu R. Verma; P. K. Bijwe; B. Panigrahi
DOE Transmission System Integration Workshop
Heyeck, AEP, Sr. Vice President, Transmission Heyeck, AEP, Sr. Vice President, Transmission and Chair, EPRI Power Delivery & Utilization Sector Council November 01-02, 2012 DoubleTree Hotel, Crystal City Washington D.C. DOE Transmission System Integration Workshop 2 © 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Near-Zero Emissions Long-Term Operations Renewable Integration Water Management Electric Vehicles Demand Response & Efficiency Renewable Energy Energy Storage Sensors & Control Cyber Security Supply = Demand The Power System Supply to Demand Requires a full portfolio of innovative technologies. Tomorrow's Power System One size does not fit all 3 © 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Grid Transformation to Ensure Reliability, Efficiency, Resiliency and Security
Midwest Transmission Workshop III Summary
OAK-B135 On March 12-13, 2002, the National Wind Coordinating Committee (NWCC), in cooperation with regional stakeholders, held a two-day workshop: Planning for Electrical Transmission Needs in the Upper Midwest. The workshop was the outgrowth of an effort to develop a forum and process for consideration of transmission options that strives for equitable allocation of benefits and impacts among all affected parties. The goal of this workshop was to provide a catalyst for an enhanced, inclusive process for transmission planning with participation of and acceptance by all affected stakeholders. Participants in the meeting included representatives of state and regional regulatory agencies, utilities and power generators, the wind industry, environmental and landowner interests, and other interested parties (see Attachment A for a list of meeting participants).
Environmental protection using social costing
Emissions and other residual wastes come from industrial production, commercial and household activities, and transportation. These wastes damage the environment, including human health. As economies grow, so does concern about balancing that growth with the desire for environmental protection. At issue is how much environmental protection we should have. We address this issue using the concept of social costing. The issue is discussed in the context of electric power generation. There is particular concern about the use of fossil fuels such as petroleum, the major fuel used in the Republic of China, and coal which is the most common fuel used in the U. S. Electric power generation is a major source of airborne pollutants such as SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x} particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, CO, and CO{sub 2}. It also results in liquid and solid wastes, and other effects such as changes in land use. To generate electric power, fuel (such as petroleum, coal or enriched uranium) or some other resource (e.g., wind or geothermal) is needed. A fuel cycle consists of a sequence of activities and processes involved in generating electric power. These activities include fuel extraction, treatment and processing; fuel conversion into electricity; transmission; waste disposal; and transportation of fuel and wastes between the different stages of the fuel cycle. Each stage results in emissions or other residuals. Several recent-studies have been about the environmental costs of electricity.
Lee, R.
The Development of HVDC Transmission System
The ever increasing process of high-voltage high-power fully controlled semiconductor technology has promoted the flexible ac transmission systems ahead significantly. Developments advance both the HVDC power transmission and the flexible ac transmission ... Keywords: converters station, HVDC transmission systems, power electronics
Yang Zhou; Dao Zhuojiang; Yu Fenwang
Transmission Rights and Market Power James Bushnell
of the transmission grid can advantage some competitors at the expense of others. In electricity markets around control of transmission paths. In electricity markets such as California's, even financial transmissionPWP-062 Transmission Rights and Market Power James Bushnell April, 1999 This paper is part
Principles for interregional transmission expansion
In aiming to facilitate the siting of interregional transmission lines, some basic principles might include an approach where the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission uses a variety of tools to capture the value of new transmission, and thus increase the supply of interregional lines. There also may be opportunities for the Commission to work with localities to reduce resistance to new lines by means of economic incentives. Such a tack has the potential to be more efficient than fighting local opposition in the courts. (author)
Benjamin, Richard
Application of EPRI's Transmission Reliability Evaluation for Large-Scale Systems (TRELSS) Program to Bonneville Power Administration System
Delivering power at the lowest cost while maintaining an acceptable level of reliability requires careful transmission planning. EPRI's Transmission Reliability Evaluation for Large-Scale Systems (TRELSS) can be used to analyze and quantify the reliability of bulk power systems to help determine the need for new transmission facilities. This report presents the results of reliability analyses for Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) using the TRELSS program.
California/Transmission | Open Energy Information
California/Transmission California/Transmission < California Jump to: navigation, search CaliforniaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The electrical grid in California is part of the WestConnect Transmission Planning area and the California Transmission Planning Group. The desert southwest region of California belongs to the Southwest Area Transmission power grid and the northern region of the state belongs to the Sierra Subregional Planning Group. The SWAT provides the technical forum required to complete reliability assessments, develop joint business opportunities and accomplish
Cost Estimating Handbook for Environmental Restoration
Environmental restoration (ER) projects have presented the DOE and cost estimators with a number of properties that are not comparable to the normal estimating climate within DOE. These properties include: An entirely new set of specialized expressions and terminology. A higher than normal exposure to cost and schedule risk, as compared to most other DOE projects, due to changing regulations, public involvement, resource shortages, and scope of work. A higher than normal percentage of indirect costs to the total estimated cost due primarily to record keeping, special training, liability, and indemnification. More than one estimate for a project, particularly in the assessment phase, in order to provide input into the evaluation of alternatives for the cleanup action. While some aspects of existing guidance for cost estimators will be applicable to environmental restoration projects, some components of the present guidelines will have to be modified to reflect the unique elements of these projects. The purpose of this Handbook is to assist cost estimators in the preparation of environmental restoration estimates for Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) projects undertaken by DOE. The DOE has, in recent years, seen a significant increase in the number, size, and frequency of environmental restoration projects that must be costed by the various DOE offices. The coming years will show the EM program to be the largest non-weapons program undertaken by DOE. These projects create new and unique estimating requirements since historical cost and estimating precedents are meager at best. It is anticipated that this Handbook will enhance the quality of cost data within DOE in several ways by providing: The basis for accurate, consistent, and traceable baselines. Sound methodologies, guidelines, and estimating formats. Sources of cost data/databases and estimating tools and techniques available at DOE cost professionals.
Underground Transmission Systems Reference Book
The Underground Transmission Systems Reference Book covers all stages of cable system design and operation, from initial planning studies to failure analysis. It contains contributions from many of the industry's experts and represents practices from all parts of the United States.
Power superconducting power transmission cable
The present invention is for a compact superconducting power transmission cable operating at distribution level voltages. The superconducting cable is a conductor with a number of tapes assembled into a subconductor. These conductors are then mounted co-planarly in an elongated dielectric to produce a 3-phase cable. The arrangement increases the magnetic field parallel to the tapes thereby reducing ac losses.
Ashworth, Stephen P. (Cambridge, GB)
Transmission System SQRA Assessment Methods
Market conditions and increasingly stringent regulatory requirements have focused attention on metrics that quantify the Security, Quality, Reliability, and Availability (SQRA) of transmission systems. This report summarizes the state-of-the-art in performance metrics, provides four case studies of their use, and discusses future trends in reliability metrics, congestion metrics, and benchmarking.
Boundary stabilization of transmission problems
We study the transmission problem in bounded domains with dissipative boundary conditions. Under some natural assumptions, we prove uniform bounds of the corresponding resolvents on the real axis at high frequency, and as a consequence, we obtain free of eigenvalues regions. As an application, we get exponential decay of the energy of the solutions of the correpsonding mixed boundary value problems.
Fernando Cardoso; Georgi Vodev
Transmission Access Charge Informational Filing
of any new Participating Transmission Owner (�Participating TO�) during the proceeding six months or (2) changes to Transmission Revenue Requirements of any of the Participating TOs. 1 Because the Access Charges are determined through a formula rate mechanism, these semi-annual adjustments take place automatically. In the enclosed informational filing, the ISO is providing notice regarding the updated Access Charges that reflect the charges that will be in effect beginning January 1, 2002 in accordance with the formula rate. The adjusted charges are based on the modified Transmission Revenue Requirements, both High Voltage and Low Voltage as a result of: (1) the Offer of Settlement accepted by the Commission in Pacific Gas & Electric Company�s (�PG&E�) Docket No. ER01-66-000, (2) San Diego Gas and Electric Company�s supplemental surcharge accepted, subject to refund, in Docket No. ER01-3074-000, and (3) the annual adjustment to the Transmission Revenue Balancing Account (�TRBA�) of the Participating TOs. 1 Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein are defined in the Master Definitions
Commercial equipment cost database
This report, prepared for DOE, Office of Codes and Standards, as part of the Commercial Equipment Standards Program at Pacific Northwest Laboratory, specifically addresses the equipment cost estimates used to evaluate the economic impacts of revised standards. A database including commercial equipment list prices and estimated contractor costs was developed, and through statistical modeling, estimated contractor costs are related to equipment parameters including performance. These models are then used to evaluate cost estimates developed by the ASHRAE 90.1 Standing Standards Project Committee, which is in the process of developing a revised ASHRAE 90.1 standard. The database will also be used to support further evaluation of the manufacturer and consumer impacts of standards. Cost estimates developed from the database will serve as inputs to economic modeling tools, which will be used to estimate these impacts. Preliminary results suggest that list pricing is a suitable measure from which to estimate contractor costs for commercial equipment. Models developed from these cost estimates accurately predict estimated costs. The models also confirm the expected relationships between equipment characteristics and cost. Cost models were developed for gas-fired and electric water heaters, gas-fired packaged boilers, and warm air furnaces for indoor installation. Because of industry concerns about the use of the data, information was not available for the other categories of EPAct-covered equipment. These concerns must be addressed to extend the analysis to all EPAct equipment categories.
Freeman, S.L.
Multi-transmission-line-beam interactive system
We construct here a Lagrangian field formulation for a system consisting of an electron beam interacting with a slow-wave structure modeled by a possibly non-uniform multiple transmission line (MTL). In the case of a single line we recover the linear model of a traveling wave tube (TWT) due to J.R. Pierce. Since a properly chosen MTL can approximate a real waveguide structure with any desired accuracy, the proposed model can be used in particular for design optimization. Furthermore, the Lagrangian formulation provides for: (i) a clear identification of the mathematical source of amplification, (ii) exact expressions for the conserved energy and its flux distributions obtained from the Noether theorem. In the case of uniform MTLs we carry out an exhaustive analysis of eigenmodes and find sharp conditions on the parameters of the system to provide for amplifying regimes.
Alexander Figotin; Guillermo Reyes
Cost Comparison of Rights-of-Way Treatment Methods: Update 2000
For many utilities in a deregulated marketplace, distribution and transmission of electricity has become their core business. This shift has dramatically increased interest in the siting and right-of-way (ROW) management of electric transmission lines. This report evaluates the cost-effectiveness of seven vegetation management methods -- hand cutting, mowing, cut and stump, dormant basal, summer basal, selective ground foliar, and aerial -- on 18 transmission powerline corridors across New York State.
Wetland and Conservation Banking in Transmission Corridor Rights-of-Way: Feasibility Assessment
Electric power transmission corridor rights-of-way (ROWs) offer potential locations for wetland mitigation banks and conservation banks. Barriers to use of these ROWs for banking include whether the ROW operator has legal rights of access to lands for these uses and for long term management for conservation; the need to assure successful and reliable operation and maintenance of the ROW transmission facilities; the costs of establishing, permitting and managing wetland and conservation banks; and ecologi...
Renewable portfolio standards, Greenhouse gas reduction, and Long-Line transmission investments in the WECC
New, long-distance transmission lines to remote areas with concentrations of high-quality renewable resources can help western states meet the challenges of increasing renewable energy procurement and reducing greenhouse gas emissions more cost-effectively than reliance on local resources alone. The approach applied here to the Western Electricity Coordinating Council is useful for an initial determination of the net benefits of long-line transmission between regions with heterogeneous resource quality. (author)
Olson, Arne; Orans, Ren; Allen, Doug; Moore, Jack; Woo, C.K.
Live Working Considerations in Design and Construction of Overhead Transmission Lines
Live working (LW) on overhead transmission lines is the performance of maintenance, construction, and inspection of equipment and circuits that are energized or that may become energized. This report discusses aspects of design and construction of overhead transmission lines that are important to (LW) and examines design modifications that can significantly impact the safe, efficient, and cost-effective performance of LW. This guidance should help line designers identify ways to incorporate the ...
State of the Art Review of Fiber Reinforced Composite Structures for Transmission Lines
Although fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been used for crossarms in utility distribution systems for some time, their use in transmission structures has been limited. Because more traditional materials such as wood, steel, and concrete have limitations in terms of cost, durability, safety, and environmental impact, FRP composites may find more widespread use in the future. This report is a review of the state-of-the-art in the use of FRP composites for transmission line applications. ...
Study of transmission and protection elements for wind energy generating systems. Volume 1
Results are reported of a study at Cornell University on transmission, distribution, and protection systems for large wind-energy generators (WEG) connected to an electric utility grid. Configurations for wind farms on flat terrain, mountain-peak clusters, and installations along a ridge were examined. Computer studies of load-flow and short-circuit behavior confirmed the technical feasibility of the proposed systems. Realistic unit costs for the projected transmission and protection schemes range from $109 to $317 per Kw, depending upon choice of configuration and distance from the grid. Cost of protective equipment is found to be a major factor in most cases, tending to be equal or greater than transmission line costs when the WEG units are located five miles or less from the grid. Several alternatives are suggested for future study.
Linke, S; Teshome, A; Yehsakul, P D
Methods | Transparent Cost Database
Methods Methods Disclaimer The data gathered here are for informational purposes only. Inclusion of a report in the database does not represent approval of the estimates by DOE or NREL. Levelized cost calculations DO NOT represent real world market conditions. The calculation uses a single discount rate in order to compare technology costs only. About the Cost Database For emerging energy technologies, a variety of cost and performance numbers are cited in presentations and reports for present-day characteristics and potential improvements. Amid a variety of sources and methods for these data, the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's technology development programs determine estimates for use in program planning. The Transparent Cost Database collects program cost and performance
Low cost MCFC anodes
This paper outlines a project, funded under a DOE SBIR grant, which tested a potentially lower cost method of manufacturing MCFC stack anodes and evaluated the feasibility of using the technology in the existing M-C Power Corp. manufacturing facility. The procedure involves adding activator salts to the anode tape casting slurry with the Ni and Cr or Al powders. Two different processes occur during heat treatment in a reducing environment: sintering of the base Ni structure, and alloying or cementation of the Cr or Al powders. To determine whether it was cost-effective to implement the cementation alloying manufacturing process, the M-C Power manufacturing cost model was used to determine the impact of different material costs and processing parameters on total anode cost. Cost analysis included equipment expenditures and facility modifications required by the cementation alloying process.
Erickson, D.S.
What solar heating costs
Few people know why solar energy systems cost what they do. Designers and installers know what whole packages cost, but rarely how much goes to piping, how much for labor and how much for the collectors. Yet one stands a better chance of controlling costs if one can compare where the money is going against where it should be going. A detailed Tennessee Valley Authority study of large solar projects shows how much each component contributes to the total bill.
Adams, J.A.
Cost analysis guidelines
The first phase of the Depleted Uranium Hexafluoride Management Program (Program)--management strategy selection--consists of several program elements: Technology Assessment, Engineering Analysis, Cost Analysis, and preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Cost Analysis will estimate the life-cycle costs associated with each of the long-term management strategy alternatives for depleted uranium hexafluoride (UF6). The scope of Cost Analysis will include all major expenditures, from the planning and design stages through decontamination and decommissioning. The costs will be estimated at a scoping or preconceptual design level and are intended to assist decision makers in comparing alternatives for further consideration. They will not be absolute costs or bid-document costs. The purpose of the Cost Analysis Guidelines is to establish a consistent approach to analyzing of cost alternatives for managing Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) stocks of depleted uranium hexafluoride (DUF6). The component modules that make up the DUF6 management program differ substantially in operational maintenance, process-options, requirements for R and D, equipment, facilities, regulatory compliance, (O and M), and operations risk. To facilitate a consistent and equitable comparison of costs, the guidelines offer common definitions, assumptions or basis, and limitations integrated with a standard approach to the analysis. Further, the goal is to evaluate total net life-cycle costs and display them in a way that gives DOE the capability to evaluate a variety of overall DUF6 management strategies, including commercial potential. The cost estimates reflect the preconceptual level of the designs. They will be appropriate for distinguishing among management strategies.
Strait, R.S.
CAES Updated Cost Assessment
Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems (CAES) for bulk energy storage applications have been receiving renewed interest. Increased penetration of large quantities of intermittent wind generation are requiring utilities to re-examine the cost and value of CAES systems. New second generation CAES cycles have been identified which offer the potential for lower capital and operating costs. This project was undertaken to update and summarize the capital and operating costs and performance features of second ge...
Definition: Network Integration Transmission Service | Open Energy
Network Integration Transmission Service Network Integration Transmission Service Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Network Integration Transmission Service Service that allows an electric transmission customer to integrate, plan, economically dispatch and regulate its network reserves in a manner comparable to that in which the Transmission Owner serves Native Load customers.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, transmission customer, transmission line, native load, smart grid References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inli LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ne Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Network_Integration_Transmission_Service&oldid=502560" Categories: Definitions
Cost Affordable Titanium IV
Jul 31, 2012 ... Enhancing the Cost Effectiveness of High Performance Titanium Alloy Component Production by Powder Metallurgy � Evolution of Texture in�...
Cost Effective Single Crystals
three relevant technologies, namely casting, alloy development and orientation measurement, developed by Rolls-Royce to enable the cost effective production.
Sharing Supermodular Costs
the costs collectively incurred by a group of cooperating agents. ..... Mixed integer programming formulations for production planning and scheduling prob- lems.
Petroleum well costs.
??This is the first academic study of well costs and drilling times for Australia?s petroleum producing basins, both onshore and offshore. I analyse a substantial� (more)
Leamon, Gregory Robert
COST REVIEW and ESTIMATING
Programming Guide. OMB Circular A-94, Guidelines and Discount Rates for Benefit-Cost Analysis of Federal Programs, dated October 29, 1992 Page | 41 APPENDIX A ICRICE...
The Cost of Debt ?
We estimate firm-specific marginal cost of debt functions for a large panel of companies between 1980 and 2007. The marginal cost curves are identified by exogenous variation in the marginal tax benefits of debt. The location of a given company�s cost of debt function varies with characteristics such as asset collateral, size, book-to-market, asset tangibility, cash flows, and whether the firm pays dividends. By integrating the area between benefit and cost functions we estimate that the equilibrium net benefit of debt is 3.5 % of asset value, resulting from an estimated gross benefit of debt of 10.4 % of asset value and an estimated cost of debt of 6.9%. We find that the cost of being overlevered is asymmetrically higher than the cost of being underlevered and that expected default costs constitute approximately half of the total ex ante cost of debt. We thank Rick Green (the Acting Editor), and an anonymous referee, Heitor Almeida, Ravi Bansal,
Jules H. Van Binsbergen; John R. Graham; Jie Yang
Reducing Energy Costs
Energy expense is becoming increasingly dominant in the operating costs of high-performance computing (HPC) systems. At the same time, electricity prices vary significantly at...
Target Cost Management Strategy
Target cost management (TCM) is an innovation of Japanese management accounting system and by common sense has been considered with great interest by practitioners. Nowadays, TCM related
Okano, Hiroshi
Hydrogen and Infrastructure Costs
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM Hydrogen and Infrastructure Costs Hydrogen Infrastructure Market Readiness Workshop Washington D.C. February 17, 2011 Fred Joseck U.S. Department of...
The US market for high-temperature superconducting wire in transmission cable applications
Telephone interviews were conducted with 23 utility engineers concerning the future prospects for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cables. All have direct responsibility for transmission in their utility, most of them in a management capacity. The engineers represented their utilities as members of the Electric Power Research Institute`s Underground Transmission Task Force (which has since been disbanded). In that capacity, they followed the superconducting transmission cable program and are aware of the cryogenic implications. Nineteen of the 23 engineers stated the market for underground transmission would grow during the next decade. Twelve of those specified an annual growth rate; the average of these responses was 5.6%. Adjusting that figure downward to incorporate the remaining responses, this study assumes an average growth rate of 3.4%. Factors driving the growth rate include the difficulty in securing rights-of-way for overhead lines, new construction techniques that reduce the costs of underground transmission, deregulation, and the possibility that public utility commissions will allow utilities to include overhead costs in their rate base. Utilities have few plans to replace existing cable as preventive maintenance, even though much of the existing cable has exceeded its 40-year lifetime. Ten of the respondents said the availability of a superconducting cable with the same life-cycle costs as a conventional cable and twice the ampacity would induce them to consider retrofits. The respondents said a cable with those characteristics would capture 73% of their cable retrofits.
Forbes, D.
Schultz-Hanford Area Transmission Line Project (DOE-eis-0325)
Schultz-Hanford Area Transmission Line Project Schultz-Hanford Area Transmission Line Project Record of Decision March 2003 Bonneville Power Administration Schultz-Hanford Area Transmission Line Project Record of Decision Decision The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has decided to construct the proposed Schultz-Hanford Area Transmission Line Project in Benton, Douglas, Grant, Kittitas, and Yakima Counties, Washington. BPA has decided to implement the Agency Preferred Alternative identified in the Schultz-Hanford Area Transmission Line Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (DOE/EIS-0325, January 2003), with the exception of Option 1 of the Sickler-Schultz Reroute. Due to landowner concerns, BPA will now implement Option 2 of the Sickler-Schultz Reroute. The Agency Preferred Alternative consists of constructing a new 500-kilovolt (kV) transmission
Transmission Line Design and Construction
The power industry wants to construct reliable and cost-effective overhead lines. A reliable and cost effective line requires not only that the line and structures meet design criteria for strength, clearances, and electrical considerations, but also that it be designed for safe and easy construction and maintenance. Design and construction practices should therefore go hand in hand. Information among various departments within a utility has to be shared for mutual benefit. Communication is a key ...
Transmission Asset Optimization (and) A Contrarian View of the Future of
Transmission Asset Optimization (and) A Contrarian View of the Future of Transmission Asset Optimization (and) A Contrarian View of the Future of Distributed Generation vs. Central Station Generation Speaker(s): Dale Bradshaw Date: June 5, 2000 - 10:00am Location: 90-3148 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: David Faulkner This was a two part seminar: Part One: Transmission Asset Optimization Presentation of latest technology developments that can increase the flow of power over todays transmission lines, thus potentially reducing total costs for transmitting power, while improving transmission reliability. Technologies discussed include FACTs devices, energy storage, etc.) Part Two: A Contrarian View of the Future of Distributed Generation vs. Central Station Generation: There have been a lot claims and hype concerning the relative competitive position in the future of distributed generation (DG)
Sensor Technologies for a Smart Transmission System An EPRI White Paper
Sensor Technologies for a Smart Transmission System Sensor Technologies for a Smart Transmission System An EPRI White Paper December 2009 December 2009 Page 2 An EPRI White Paper Sensor Technologies for a Smart Transmission System Aging equipment and tight O&M budgets are putting the squeeze on transmission line and substation managers. A new gen- eration of low-cost sensors can help diag- nose equipment health to optimize mainte- nance and prevent catastrophic failures. Power delivery systems are among the largest and most diverse, remotely located investments. There are a num- ber of challenges that utilities face with their transmis- sion line and substation assets: * Existing transmission lines and substations are aging while the required reliability is increasing and the availability of clearance to perform maintenance is
which is an additional cost if wind energy penetration isthe operational costs required to integrate more wind energy
Efficiency Benefits of EHV AC Transmission and Overlays in Interregional Transmission Expansion Planning
In the United States, transmission expansion planning historically focused on addressing local utility transmission needs. In the mid-to-late 1990s, the focus shifted to encompass regional transmission expansion, primarily driven by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) mandates on open transmission access and emergence of regional transmission organizations. In recent years, three drivers have elevated transmission expansion planning to a higher, interregional level. These drivers are the ...
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WORKSHOP TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WORKSHOP Mapping Challenges and Opportunities to Help Guide DOE R&D Investments over the Next Five Years DoubleTree Crystal City, 300 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA November 1-2, 2012 AGENDA Thursday, November 1, 2012 8:00-8:10 Welcome and Kickoff David Sandalow, Acting Undersecretary of Energy 8:10-8:30 Introduction to the Grid Tech Team (GTT), Vision, and Framework Distribution Workshop Summary Dr. Anjan Bose, Grid Tech Team Lead 8:30-8:50 OE Vision, Activities, and Issues Patricia A. Hoffman, Assistant Secretary for the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) 8:50-9:10 EERE Vision, Activities, and Issues Dr. David Danielson, Assistant Secretary for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
transmission | OpenEI Community
21 21 Varnish cache server Home Groups Community Central Green Button Applications Developer Utility Rate FRED: FRee Energy Database More Public Groups Private Groups Features Groups Blog posts Content Stream Documents Discussions Polls Q & A Events Notices My stuff Energy blogs 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142235321 Varnish cache server transmission Home Kyoung's picture Submitted by Kyoung(155) Contributor 12 November, 2012 - 09:17 Legal Reviews are Underway BHFS Legal review permitting power plant roadmap transmission The legal review of the Regulatory Roadmap flowcharts and supporting content is well underway and will continue for the next several months with our legal team at [www.bhfs.com Brownstein Hyatt Farber and Schreck]. The
Reliable, Lightweight Transmissions For Off-Shore, Utility Scale Wind Turbines
The objective of this project was to reduce the technical risk for a hydrostatic transmission based drivetrain for high-power utility-size wind turbines. A theoretical study has been performed to validate the reduction of cost of energy (CoE) for the wind turbine, identify risk mitigation strategies for the drive system and critical components, namely the pump, shaft connection and hydrostatic transmission (HST) controls and address additional benefits such as reduced deployment costs, improved torque density and improved mean time between repairs (MTBR).
Jean-Claude Ossyra
Midwest Transmission Workshop II Summary
OAK-B135 After introductions of all participants, Abby Arnold, RESOLVE, reviewed the purpose of the meeting and the agenda. The purpose of the workshop was to share the results of the Midwest Independent System Operator (MISO) scenario development for wind and other fuel sources and the corresponding implications for transmission throughout the MISO control area. The workshop agenda is included in Attachment A.
Guide for Transmission Line Grounding
Electrical utilities have a duty to provide effective grounding for managing steady-state and fault currents, whether near a large generating station or at a remote distribution pole ground. For transmission lines, this imperative is usually met with investment in overhead ground wires and grounding electrodes. Effective grounding at each tower improves reliability8212by providing low path impedance to lightning strokes8212and contributes to safety. However, the fundamental physical parameters in ground ...
High current pulse transmission cable
This invention is comprised of a transmission cable for carrying high current pulses in which an even numbered plurality of electrical conductors surrounds a central ground conductor. Each electrical conductor is connected so that it at any instant in time it will carry current of opposite polarity to the polarity carried by adjacent conductors. This arrangement cancels practically all of the external fields generated by current in the conductors.
Parsons, W.M.
Flexible and Strategic Transmission Planning
This update describes two separate but related planning frameworks developed for this project: 1) balancing of reliability and economics in transmission planning and 2) consideration of the need for operational flexibility in planning. Projects that improve reliability can also improve economics, and vice versa. The challenge is in achieving the reliability goals with as much economic benefit as possible, in other words, balancing the reliability and economic goals without compromising either. A method o...
Coiled transmission line pulse generators
Methods and apparatus are provided for fabricating and constructing solid dielectric "Coiled Transmission Line" pulse generators in radial or axial coiled geometries. The pour and cure fabrication process enables a wide variety of geometries and form factors. The volume between the conductors is filled with liquid blends of monomers, polymers, oligomers, and/or cross-linkers and dielectric powders; and then cured to form high field strength and high dielectric constant solid dielectric transmission lines that intrinsically produce ideal rectangular high voltage pulses when charged and switched into matched impedance loads. Voltage levels may be increased by Marx and/or Blumlein principles incorporating spark gap or, preferentially, solid state switches (such as optically triggered thyristors) which produce reliable, high repetition rate operation. Moreover, these Marxed pulse generators can be DC charged and do not require additional pulse forming circuitry, pulse forming lines, transformers, or an a high voltage spark gap output switch. The apparatus accommodates a wide range of voltages, impedances, pulse durations, pulse repetition rates, and duty cycles. The resulting mobile or flight platform friendly cylindrical geometric configuration is much more compact, light-weight, and robust than conventional linear geometries, or pulse generators constructed from conventional components. Installing additional circuitry may accommodate optional pulse shape improvements. The Coiled Transmission Lines can also be connected in parallel to decrease the impedance, or in series to increase the pulse length.
McDonald, Kenneth Fox (Columbia, MO)
Software Cost Estimation
Software cost estimation is the process of predicting the effort required to develop a software system. Many estimation models have been proposed over the last 30 years. This paper provides a general overview of software cost estimation methods including the recent advances in the field. As a number of these models rely on a software size estimate as input, we first provide an overview of common size metrics. We then highlight the cost estimation models that have been proposed and used successfully. Models may be classified into 2 major categories: algorithmic and non-algorithmic. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses. A key factor in selecting a cost estimation model is the accuracy of its estimates. Unfortunately, despite the large body of experience with estimation models, the accuracy of these models is not satisfactory. The paper includes comment on the performance of the estimation models and description of several newer approaches to cost estimation.
Hareton Leung Zhang; Zhang Fan
Cost-Affordable Titanium III
Cost-Effective Production and Thermomechanical Consolidation of Titanium Alloy Powders � Cost Affordable Developments in Titanium Technology and�...
Wireless Sensor Network for Electric Transmission Line Monitoring
Generally, federal agencies tasked to oversee power grid reliability are dependent on data from grid infrastructure owners and operators in order to obtain a basic level of situational awareness. Since there are many owners and operators involved in the day-to-day functioning of the power grid, the task of accessing, aggregating and analyzing grid information from these sources is not a trivial one. Seemingly basic tasks such as synchronizing data timestamps between many different data providers and sources can be difficult as evidenced during the post-event analysis of the August 2003 blackout. In this project we investigate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of deploying a network of wireless power line monitoring devices as a method of independently monitoring key parts of the power grid as a complement to the data which is currently available to federal agencies from grid system operators. Such a network is modeled on proprietary power line monitoring technologies and networks invented, developed and deployed by Genscape, a Louisville, Kentucky based real-time energy information provider. Genscape measures transmission line power flow using measurements of electromagnetic fields under overhead high voltage transmission power lines in the United States and Europe. Opportunities for optimization of the commercial power line monitoring technology were investigated in this project to enable lower power consumption, lower cost and improvements to measurement methodologies. These optimizations were performed in order to better enable the use of wireless transmission line monitors in large network deployments (perhaps covering several thousand power lines) for federal situational awareness needs. Power consumption and cost reduction were addressed by developing a power line monitor using a low power, low cost wireless telemetry platform known as the ''Mote''. Motes were first developed as smart sensor nodes in wireless mesh networking applications. On such a platform, it has been demonstrated in this project that wireless monitoring units can effectively deliver real-time transmission line power flow information for less than $500 per monitor. The data delivered by such a monitor has during the course of the project been integrated with a national grid situational awareness visualization platform developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Novel vibration energy scavenging methods based on piezoelectric cantilevers were also developed as a proposed method to power such monitors, with a goal of further cost reduction and large-scale deployment. Scavenging methods developed during the project resulted in 50% greater power output than conventional cantilever-based vibrational energy scavenging devices typically used to power smart sensor nodes. Lastly, enhanced and new methods for electromagnetic field sensing using multi-axis magnetometers and infrared reflectometry were investigated for potential monitoring applications in situations with a high density of power lines or high levels of background 60 Hz noise in order to isolate power lines of interest from other power lines in close proximity. The goal of this project was to investigate and demonstrate the feasibility of using small form factor, highly optimized, low cost, low power, non-contact, wireless electric transmission line monitors for delivery of real-time, independent power line monitoring for the US power grid. The project was divided into three main types of activity as follows; (1) Research into expanding the range of applications for non-contact power line monitoring to enable large scale low cost sensor network deployments (Tasks 1, 2); (2) Optimization of individual sensor hardware components to reduce size, cost and power consumption and testing in a pilot field study (Tasks 3,5); and (3) Demonstration of the feasibility of using the data from the network of power line monitors via a range of custom developed alerting and data visualization applications to deliver real-time information to federal agencies and others tasked with grid reliability (Tasks 6,8)
Alphenaar, Bruce
Definition: Transmission Service | Open Energy Information
Service Service Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Transmission Service Services provided to the Transmission Customer by the Transmission Service Provider to move energy from a Point of Receipt to a Point of Delivery.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, Transmission Customer, Transmission Service Provider, transmission line References ↑ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Transmission_Service&oldid=480302" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load)
Arizona/Transmission/Summary | Open Energy Information
Arizona | Transmission Arizona | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ArizonaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Arizona, the state has the authority to site high-voltage transmission lines. A public service corporation would need to obtain a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility (CEC) from the Arizona Power Plant and Transmission Line Siting Committee that is "affirmed and approved" by the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC). State Siting Act Arizona Revised Statute (A.R.S.)§ 40-360 et seq. State Preemptive Authority If the Transmission Line Siting Committee (TLSC) finds that compliance with local ordinances, master plan or regulation is unreasonably restrictive and compliance is not feasible in view of technology available, then the TLSC may grant a certificate.[1]
Wireless power transmission for medical applications
We studied the wireless power transmission capabilities of microwave through human skin-tissue. Microwave transmission through simulated human skins was tested with rectenna array as a power receiver located under the ...
Payne, Joshua E.
A Computer Package for Transmission Line Analysis
A computer program, LIGNE, has been developed as a comprehensive teaching aid for the section on transmission line theory in an electromagnetics course. The program assists the student in the analysis of transmission lines, enabling him to quickly assess ...
Georges-Andre Chaudron; Manfred Nachman
Transmission Expansion Planning with Re-design
Expanding an electrical transmission network requires heavy investments ... Long term transmission expansion planning determines, over an horizon of 10 or more years, ... generation sites are usually far away from the consumption centers.
Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Skip Navigation Links Transmission Functions Infrastructure projects Interconnection OASIS OATT Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Project Western Area Power Administration proposes to rebuild approximately 32 miles of double wood-pole structure 115-kilovolt transmission line that exists between Estes Park and Flatiron Reservoir in Larimer County, Colo. The proposal would remove 16 miles of transmission line, and modernize 16 miles to steel-pole double-circuit 115-kV transmission line. The reduction and modernizing of transmission lines will occur on Federal, state and private lands. The public parcels are administered by the Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forest, which is a cooperating agency in the project.
EEI/DOE Transmission Capacity Report
TRANSMISSION CAPACITY: TRANSMISSION CAPACITY: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS Eric Hirst Consulting in Electric-Industry Restructuring Bellingham, Washington June 2004 Prepared for Energy Delivery Group Edison Electric Institute Washington, DC Russell Tucker, Project Manager and Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC Larry Mansueti, Project Manager ii iii CONTENTS Page SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v LIST OF ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. TRANSMISSION CAPACITY: DATA AND PROJECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 HISTORICAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 CURRENT CONDITIONS . . . . . . .
Directional Reactive Power Ground Plane Transmission
Directional Reactive Power Ground Plane Transmission Technology Summary ... The invention can transmit electrical power through the surface of the ...
Average transmission probability of a random stack
The transmission through a stack of identical slabs that are separated by gaps with random widths is usually treated by calculating the average of the logarithm of the transmission probability. We show how to calculate the average of the transmission probability itself with the aid of a recurrence relation and derive analytical upper and lower bounds. The upper bound, when used as an approximation for the transmission probability, is unreasonably good and we conjecture that it is asymptotically exact.
Yin Lu; Christian Miniatura; Berthold-Georg Englert
High Resolution Transmission Microscopy Characterization of an ...
High Resolution Transmission Microscopy Characterization of an Oxide ... Line Dislocation Dynamics Simulation of fundamental dislocation properties in�...
low load levels there can be situations where the capacitive component of the transmission line causes voltage
Alternative Transmission Technologies for Joint Planning Studies
This report describes a detailed analysis of joint transmission planning needs and capabilities, including an assessment of current research in the area. The report has value as a starting point and reference for transmission planners engaged in joint planning exercises because it focuses on technologies that could facilitate joint transmission planning of a bulk power grid. A joint planning exercise involves the collaboration of multiple transmission planning groups that may each have ...
Advantages of Integrating Precession Scanning Transmission ...
Presentation Title, Advantages of Integrating Precession Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Characterization of Metallic Materials. Author(s)�...
Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies on Lithium Battery ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2012 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Energy Nanomaterials. Presentation Title, Transmission Electron Microscopy�...
Lookin g for data personnel costs, indirect costs, equipment costs
Negotiating Group Question/Answer Sessions November 19, 2009 Q: What happens now? A: The negotiation process starts tomorrow [November 20, 2009], when DOE will be sending the Awardees an e-mail with information about which website to go to for clarification and direction, information from the Office of Civil Rights, and answers to some of the questions that came up in the meeting. DOE will be gathering information about the questions concerning cyber requirements, metrics, and reporting requirements and will be getting back to the awardees about those issues the week after Thanksgiving. We have done a review of the budgets, and emails will be sent giving opportunities to address any issues. We will also re-review technical and cost proposals.
Economic and Environmental Challenges of Transmission Lines - An Engineering Perspective
The permitting process for transmission lines requires engaging the public through meetings and education to develop siting consensus. This approach requires that everyone involved in the siting procedures have an in-depth understanding of the primary technical issues. The applicant must demonstrate due diligence in justifying the new line as the best choice when compared to alternatives. Technical depth of understanding is crucial in obtaining permits from state or federal regulators. In national intere...
Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions
Exploration of Resource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in the Western Renewable Energyin.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Permitting, Siting and Analysis Division #12;Resource and Transmission ExpansionResource and Transmission Expansion Decisions in WREZ
Transportation Center Seminar........ "Proactive Transmission Planning in
Transportation Center Seminar........ "Proactive Transmission Planning in Electricity Networks of the biggest problems of actual power-systems transmission planning is its reactive nature. We formulate-systems transmission planning, generation investment, and market operation decisions and propose a methodology to solve
Bustamante, Fabián E.
The real problem with Merchant transmission
Current regulatory policy distinguishes transmission investments that have primarily economic benefits from those that primarily enhance reliability. But no such dichotomy exists; congestion and reliability are inter-related in complex ways. Thus, solving the transmission investment problem is more complex than ''fixing'' merchant transmission; investment in the grid must be treated as a systems problem. (author)
Blumsack, Seth; Lave, Lester B.; Ilic, Marija
The integration of renewable energy sources into electric power transmission systems
Renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal power plants, and wind turbines are nonconventional, environmentally attractive sources of energy that can be considered for electric power generation. Many of the areas with abundant renewable energy resources (very sunny or windy areas) are far removed from major load centers. Although electrical power can be transmitted over long distances of many hundreds of miles through high-voltage transmission lines, power transmission systems often operate near their limits with little excess capacity for new generation sources. This study assesses the available capacity of transmission systems in designated abundant renewable energy resource regions and identifies the requirements for high-capacity plant integration in selected cases. In general, about 50 MW of power from renewable sources can be integrated into existing transmission systems to supply local loads without transmission upgrades beyond the construction of a substation to connect to the grid. Except in the Southwest, significant investment to strengthen transmission systems will be required to support the development of high-capacity renewable sources of 1000 MW or greater in areas remote from major load centers. Cost estimates for new transmission facilities to integrate and dispatch some of these high-capacity renewable sources ranged from several million dollars to approximately one billion dollars, with the latter figure an increase in total investment of 35%, assuming that the renewable source is the only user of the transmission facility.
Barnes, P.R.; Dykas, W.P.; Kirby, B.J.; Purucker, S.L. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Lawler, J.S. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Electronics and hydraulics control transmission
Caterpillar engineers have combined electronics and hydraulics for improved transmission control and productivity. The control system had extensive field test experience during development. The system accumulated more than 100,000 hours on 17 vehicles, with individual vehicle times in the 2000-10,000-hour range. Job sites were chosen to test the system over a wide range of applications and locales. The EPTC components are CAT-designed and made by outside suppliers. The components must comply with CAT designs and specifications. All components are 100% functionally tested. The control box is computer-tested functionally at the supplier and at CAT before vehicle installation.
Morris, H.C.; Sorrells, G.K.
Pulse shaping with transmission lines
A method and apparatus for forming shaped voltage pulses uses passive reflection from a transmission line with nonuniform impedance. The impedance of the reflecting line varies with length in accordance with the desired pulse shape. A high voltage input pulse is transmitted to the reflecting line. A reflected pulse is produced having the desired shape and is transmitted by pulse removal means to a load. Light activated photoconductive switches made of silicon can be utilized. The pulse shaper can be used to drive a Pockels cell to produce shaped optical pulses.
Wilcox, R.B.
Wilcox, Russell B. (Oakland, CA)
cost | OpenEI
cost cost Dataset Summary Description The following data-set is for a benchmark residential home for all TMY3 locations across all utilities in the US. The data is indexed by utility service provider which is described by its "unique" EIA ID ( Source National Renewable Energy Laboratory Date Released April 05th, 2012 (2 years ago) Date Updated April 06th, 2012 (2 years ago) Keywords AC apartment CFL coffeemaker Computer cooling cost demand Dishwasher Dryer Furnace gas HVAC Incandescent Laptop load Microwave model NREL Residential television tmy3 URDB Data text/csv icon Residential Cost Data for Common Household Items (csv, 14.5 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Annually Time Period License License Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and Licence (PDDL)
Vehicle Cost Calculator
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Electric Plug-in Hybrid Electric Natural Gas (CNG) Flex Fuel (E85) Biodiesel (B20) Next Vehicle Cost Calculator U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy...
The role of transmission investment in the coordination between generation and transmission
generation and transmission of electricity into distinct modules. The governance structure of transmission the governance of electricity transmission assets influences the implementation of power flow management. Finally to coordinate generation and transmission of electricity is in real organizations. 1 Assistant Professors
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Colorado/Transmission/Roadmap | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Colorado/Transmission/Roadmap < Colorado | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ColoradoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations.
SunZia Southwest Transmission Project Comments
SunZia Southwest Transmission Project SunZia Southwest Transmission Project Comments Provided to the US Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Request for Information Relating to the Permitting of Transmission Lines Submitted as of March 28, 2012 2 1.0 Background. SunZia Southwest Transmission Project (SunZia or the Project) is a joint development effort currently underway in Arizona and New Mexico. The Project definition includes licensing, permitting, financing, constructing and operating up to two 500 kilovolt alternating current (AC) transmission lines and up to five interconnecting substations.
California/Transmission/Roadmap | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » California/Transmission/Roadmap < California | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search CaliforniaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations.
Arizona/Transmission/Roadmap | Open Energy Information
Roadmap Roadmap < Arizona | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ArizonaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations. Reading the Roadmap The flowcharts are divided into General, Federal, and State columns to allow for ease of use. To use the flowcharts, start with General Flowchart for Section 8: Transmission. The General Flowchart will lead you to the
The discussion on the costs of nuclear power from stationary plants, designed primarily for the generation of electricity. deals with those plants in operation, being built, or being designed for construction at an early date. An attempt is made to consider the power costs on the basis of consistent definitions and assumptions for the various nuclear plants and for comparable fossil-fuel plants. Information on several new power reactor projects is included. (auth)
Cost of Providing Ancillary Services from Power Plants: Reactive Supply and Voltage Control
This report provides a methodology for determining the variable costs of generating and supplying reactive power to a transmission system, via the generator step-up transformer, for system voltage control. The report examines the costs of additional energy losses, maintenance, repair, and plant aging associated with the generation of reactive power. TR-107270-V3SI contains System of International units.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of InN Nanorods
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of InN Nanorods Z.epitaxy and studied by transmission electron microscopy,establish their quality. Transmission electron microscopy (
Liliental-Weber, Z.; Li, X.; Kryliouk, Olga; Park, H.J.; Mangum, J.; Anderson, T.
National Transmission Grid Study: 2002 | Department of Energy
Transmission Grid Study: 2002 National Transmission Grid Study: 2002 National Transmission Grid Study: The National Energy Policy Plan directed the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)...
California/Transmission/Local Regulations | Open Energy Information
CaliforniaTransmissionLocal Regulations < California | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search CaliforniaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State...
Transmission Forum Agenda - February 2012 | Department of Energy
Transmission Forum Agenda - February 2012 Transmission Forum Agenda - February 2012 FINAL AGENDA - Transmission Forum Feb 2012 (Denver) 020212.pdf More Documents & Publications DOE...
PP-76 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company | Department...
6 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company PP-76 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company Presidential Permit authorizing The Vermont Electric Transmission Company to construct,...
PP-76-1 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company | Department...
76-1 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company PP-76-1 The Vermont Electric Transmission Company Presidential Permit authorizing The Vermont Electric Transmission Company to...
26-29, 1979 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION INLBL-9783 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION INl�. LBL-9783 EMISSION AND TRANSMISSION NOISE PROPAGATION IN
Gullberg, G.T.
Comments of New England Electric Transmission Corporation on...
out of time and comments of New England Electric Transmission Corporation, New England Hydro-Transmission Electric Company, Inc. and New England Hydro-Transmission Corporation and...
Automated manual transmission mode selection controller
Lawrie, Robert E. (Whitmore Lake, MI)
Automated manual transmission shift sequence controller
A powertrain system for a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle includes a heat engine, such as a diesel engine, and an electric machine, which operates as both, an electric motor and an alternator, to power the vehicle. The hybrid vehicle also includes a manual-style transmission configured to operate as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver. The engine and the electric machine drive an input shaft which in turn drives an output shaft of the transmission. In addition to driving the transmission, the electric machine regulates the speed of the input shaft in order to synchronize the input shaft during either an upshift or downshift of the transmission by either decreasing or increasing the speed of the input shaft. When decreasing the speed of the input shaft, the electric motor functions as an alternator to produce electrical energy which may be stored by a storage device. Operation of the transmission is controlled by a transmission controller which receives input signals and generates output signals to control shift and clutch motors to effect smooth launch, upshift shifts, and downshifts of the transmission, so that the transmission functions substantially as an automatic transmission from the perspective of the driver, while internally substantially functioning as a manual transmission.
Lawrie, Robert E. (Whitmore Lake, MI); Reed, Richard G. (Royal Oak, MI); Rausen, David J. (Denver, CO)
Idaho/Transmission/Roadmap | Open Energy Information
Idaho/Transmission/Roadmap Idaho/Transmission/Roadmap < Idaho | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search IdahoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations. Reading the Roadmap The flowcharts are divided into General, Federal, and State columns to allow for ease of use. To use the flowcharts, start with General Flowchart for Section 8: Transmission. The General Flowchart will lead you to the
Idaho/Transmission/Summary | Open Energy Information
Idaho | Transmission Idaho | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search IdahoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Idaho, the state's siting authority is limited to siting approvals on state property, and high voltage transmission lines (115kV or greater) within a National Interstate Electric Transmission Corridor (NIETC). Under these circumstances a Route Permit would be required by the Idaho Public Utilities Commission (IPUC); however, no such corridors have been designated and therefore the process has not been tested. Local governments
Colorado/Transmission/Summary | Open Energy Information
Colorado/Transmission/Summary Colorado/Transmission/Summary < Colorado | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ColoradoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Colorado, local governments (counties and municipalities) have the authority to site high-voltage transmission lines. The State's authority in siting is limited to a backstop appeal process, by which utilities may submit an appeal to local government decisions to the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) for review and resolution. State Siting Act None State Preemptive Authority The CPUC has backstop authority only. If a permit is denied by the local government, the applicant may appeal to the CPUC if certain conditions are met (CRS 29-20-108).
Open Access Transmission and Renewable Energy Technologies
In April 1996, the Federal Regulatory Commission (PERC) approved Orders 888 and 889 and released a draft rule for public comment on capacity reservation tariffs (CRTs). Order No. 888 requires electric utilities to file transmission tariffs that would allow transmission access to third parties who want to conduct wholesale transactions, and Order No. 889 requires transmission-owning utilities to set up open access, same-time information systems (OASIS), using commercial software and Internet protocols. This paper discusses these Orders in detail, as well as some of the issues before FERC with implications for renewables, which include: transmission pricing; transmission terms and conditions; reassignment of transmission capacity; defining state and FERC jurisdiction over transmission and distribution; the pricing of ancillary services; and the adoption and implementation of independent system operators.
Porter, K.
Continuously variable transmission. Final technical report. [ANSYS Computer Code for performance analysis
Ford Motor Company over the past two decades has been studying various types of Infinitely Variable (I.V.) Transmissions for improving passenger car fuel economy. Of the traction drive mechanisms investigated, the Forster I.V. transmission appeared the most attractive because it reduces the complexity and manufacturing costs associated with other traction drives by virtue of its unique ratio-changing mechanism. Ford Motor Company was awarded contract E(11-1)-2674 on July 1, 1975 to study an infinitely variable traction drive transmission based upon the Forster Concept. The program plan was set-up in two phases. Phase I consisted of a design study, whereby the traction drive mechanism was experimentally and analytically evaluated and an I.V. transmission designed. Phase II, contingent on the outcome of Phase I, was to cover the build, vehicle evaluation and a manufacturing cost study. Testing and stress analysis of the flexible discs proved that the concept was not a feasible design, therefore Phase II (transmission build) was not recommended. In an effort to obtain baseline data on traction coefficients and efficiencies of traction drive transmissions a contract extension was awarded. Rigid discs with fixed geometry were designed to develop this data.
Hughson, D.; Emmadi, R.; Topouzian, A.; Lampinen, B.; Bhavsar, C.
, Spain 61801 Urbana, IL, USA firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com Abstract The need not kept pace with the increasing demand for transmission services [1]. In the short-term, the only way result in a generation/demand schedule with higher total costs and entailing losses of market efficiency
Gross, George
Guide for Economic Evaluation of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) in Open Access Environments
The onset of deregulation in the electric power industry may have a chilling effect on a utility's willingness to upgrade its power delivery system because of perceived economic or environmental risks. This report provides a guide for utilities when undertaking evaluation and planning for the use of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology as cost-effective devices for power delivery system enhancements.
EPRI Overhead Transmission Line Inspection - Online Training (OTLOT) Version 8.0
This course describes the different types of compression connectors for overhead transmission lines and their application, construction, degradation and failure modes, inspection and assessment methods, and remediation techniques.����Benefits & Value:Proper Construction and Installation of Compression Connectors will allow for the following:Self-paced learning opportunityReduced cost of travel and time outside the ...
Energy-Efficient Delay-Constrained Transmission and Sensing for Cognitive Radio Systems
In this work we study energy-efficient transmission for Cognitive Radio (CR) which opportunistically operates on Primary User's (PU's) channel through spectrum sensing. Spectrum sensing and compulsory idling (for incumbent protection) introduce energy-overheads for Secondary User's (SU's) operations, and thus an appropriate balance between energy consumption in data transmission and energy-overheads is required. We formulate this problem as a discrete-time Markov Decision Process (MDP) in which the SU aims at minimizing its average cost (including both energy consumption and delay cost) to finish a target traffic payload through an appropriate rate allocation. Based on Certainty Equivalent Control, we propose a low-complexity rate-adaptation policy that achieves comparable performance as the optimal policy. With the low-complexity policy, we quantify the impact of energy-overheads (including the power consumption for spectrum sensing and compulsory idling) on the SU transmission strategy. Specifically, the SU...
Wu, Yuan; Tsang, Danny H K; Qian, Liping
Unbundling generation and transmission services for competitive electricity markets
Ancillary services are those functions performed by the equipment and people that generate, control, and transmit electricity in support of the basic services of generating capacity, energy supply, and power delivery. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) defined such services as those `necessary to support the transmission of electric power from seller to purchaser given the obligations of control areas and transmitting utilities within those control areas to maintain reliable operations of the interconnected transmission system.` The nationwide cost of ancillary services is about $12 billion a year, roughly 10% of the cost of the energy commodity. More important than the cost, however, is the necessity of these services for bulk-power reliability and for the support of commercial transactions. FERC`s landmark Order 888 included a pro forma tariff with provision for six key ancillary services. The Interconnected Operations Services Working Group identified another six services that it felt were essential to the operation of bulk-power systems. Several groups throughput the United States have created or are forming independent system operators, which will be responsible for reliability and commerce. To date, the electricity industry (including traditional vertically integrated utilities, distribution utilities, power markets and brokers, customers, and state and federal regulators) has paid insufficient attention to these services. Although the industry had made substantial progress in identifying and defining the key services, much remains to be doe to specify methods to measure the production, delivery, and consumption of these services; to identify the costs and cost-allocation factors for these services; and to develop market and operating rules for their provision and pricing. Developing metrics, determining costs, and setting pricing rules are important because most of these ancillary services are produced by the same pieces of equipment that produce the basic electricity commodity. Thus, the production of energy and ancillary services is highly interactive, sometimes complementary and sometimes competing. In contrast to today`s typical time-invariant, embedded-cost prices, competitive prices for ancillary services would vary with system loads and spot prices for energy.
Hirst, E.; Kirby, B.
EA-1665: Davis-Kingman 69-kV Transmission Line Rebuild Project, Arizona |
65: Davis-Kingman 69-kV Transmission Line Rebuild Project, 65: Davis-Kingman 69-kV Transmission Line Rebuild Project, Arizona EA-1665: Davis-Kingman 69-kV Transmission Line Rebuild Project, Arizona Overview Western plans to rebuild a 26.6-mile-long portion of the existing 27.3-mile-long Davis-Kingman Tap 69-kV Transmission Line within the existing ROW in order to improve the reliability of the transmission service. The line has been in service well beyond its projected service life, customer load on the line has increased considerably over the years, and reliability has decreased due to natural aging, extreme weather exposure, vandalism, and lightning strikes. The western-most 0.7 mile of the existing line was rebuilt as part of the Davis Dam Switchyard in 2010. Public Comment Opportunities No public comment opportunities available at this time.
Updating Texas Energy Cost Containment Audit Reports
In 1984 and 1986, 35.3 million square feet of state owned buildings were audited to identify cost saving retrofit projects. Originally intended for direct legislative funding or bond sales, funding became available in 1989 through oil overcharge moneys in a program known as LoanSTAR. Due to the time between the audits and availability of funds, update of the reports for current energy and equipment cost, and for accomplishment of projects was necessary. Audits in 1984 and 1986 identified total savings of $21.3 million per year and investment costs of $42.3 million per year. The 1989 update revealed retrofit projects remaining worth $10.9 million per year in savings and costing $30.5 million. The reduction in savings and costs is primarily due to changes in prices and accomplishment of projects. The methodology for updating prices and surveying facility energy contacts to determine accomplishment will be discussed. Both the accomplishment of maintenance and operation (M&O) type projects and capital-intensive retrofit/measures will be discussed. For example, the surveys revealed that 69% of 291 M&O's have already been accomplished, along with 24% of the 750 retrofit/measures.
Burke, T. E.; Heffington, W. M.
Wind Electrolysis: Hydrogen Cost Optimization
which needs to be 44% or better along with relatively high wind speeds. Along with low production costs, however, delivery and storage costs will also factor into the final cost...
Roadway Improvement Project Cost Allocation
Roadway Improvement Project Cost Allocation CTS 21st Annual Transportation Research Conference costs #12;Potential Applications · Roadway Project Feasibility Studies Identified potential roadway infrastructure improvement Documentation of estimated project costs Determine property assessments
Minnesota, University of
Magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator
A magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator employs self-generated magnetic fields to generate microwave energy. An anode of the oscillator includes slow-wave structures which are formed of a plurality of thin conductive vanes defining cavities therebetween, and a gap is formed between the anode and a cathode of the oscillator. In response to a pulsed voltage applied to the anode and cathode, self-generated magnetic fields arfe produced in a cross-field orientation with respect to the orientation of the electric field between the anode and the cathode. The cross-field magnetic fields insulate the flow of electrons in the gap and confine the flow of electrons within the gap.
Bacon, Larry D. (Albuquerque, NM); Ballard, William P. (Albuquerque, NM); Clark, M. Collins (Albuquerque, NM); Marder, Barry M. (Albuquerque, NM)
Superconducting transmission line particle detector
A microvertex particle detector for use in a high energy physic collider including a plurality of parallel superconducting thin film strips separated from a superconducting ground plane by an insulating layer to form a plurality of superconducting waveguides. The microvertex particle detector indicates passage of a charged subatomic particle by measuring a voltage pulse measured across a superconducting waveguide caused by the transition of the superconducting thin film strip from a superconducting to a non- superconducting state in response to the passage of a charged particle. A plurality of superconducting thin film strips in two orthogonal planes plus the slow electromagnetic wave propagating in a superconducting transmission line are used to resolve N/sup 2/ ambiguity of charged particle events. 6 figs.
Gray, K.E.
A magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator employs self-generated magnetic fields to generate microwave energy. An anode of the oscillator includes slow-wave structures which are formed of a plurality of thin conductive vanes defining cavities therebetween, and a gap is formed between the anode and a cathode of the oscillator. In response to a pulsed voltage applied to the anode and cathode, self-generated magnetic fields are produced in a cross-field orientation with respect to the orientation of the electric field between the anode and the cathode. The cross-field magnetic fields insulate the flow of electrons in the gap and confine the flow of electrons within the gap. 11 figs.
Bacon, L.D.; Ballard, W.P.; Clark, M.C.; Marder, B.M.
A microvertex particle detector for use in a high energy physic collider including a plurality of parallel superconducting thin film strips separated from a superconducting ground plane by an insulating layer to form a plurality of superconducting waveguides. The microvertex particle detector indicates passage of a charged subatomic particle by measuring a voltage pulse measured across a superconducting waveguide caused by the transition of the superconducting thin film strip from a superconducting to a non-superconducting state in response to the passage of a charged particle. A plurality of superconducting thin film strips in two orthogonal planes plus the slow electromagnetic wave propogating in a superconducting transmission line are used to resolve N.sup.2 ambiguity of charged particle events.
Gray, Kenneth E. (Naperville, IL)
COST REVIEW (ICR) COST REVIEW (ICR) and INDEPENDENT COST ESTIMATE (ICE) STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) Revision 1 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE) OFFICE OF ACQUISITION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT (OAPM) September 2013 SUMMARY OF UPDATES: This revision includes the following significant changes since the December 2011 SOP release: 1. The original SOP discussed how an EIR and an ICE could be executed in tandem, but since we are no longer advocating this approach the ICE process has been completely separated from the EIR process and references to EIRs have been removed. 2. Section 1 adds a reference to Public Law 2055 reflecting that we must now, as a matter of law, perform an ICE at CD-3 for projects with a TPC over $100 million. 3. Section 2 notes that DOE Programs must now pay for ICRs and ICEs and reflects that PARS II must be
Power Plant Cycling Costs Power Plant Cycling Costs April 2012 N. Kumar, P. Besuner, S. Lefton, D. Agan, and D. Hilleman Intertek APTECH Sunnyvale, California NREL Technical Monitor: Debra Lew Subcontract Report NREL/SR-5500-55433 July 2012 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Power Plant Cycling Costs April 2012 N. Kumar, P. Besuner, S. Lefton, D. Agan, and D. Hilleman Intertek APTECH Sunnyvale, California NREL Technical Monitor: Debra Lew Prepared under Subcontract No. NFT-1-11325-01
Transmission Benefits of Co-Locating Concentrating Solar Power and Wind
In some areas of the U.S. transmission constraints are a limiting factor in deploying new wind and concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. Texas is an example of one such location, where the best wind and solar resources are in the western part of the state, while major demand centers are in the east. The low capacity factor of wind is a compounding factor, increasing the relative cost of new transmission per unit of energy actually delivered. A possible method of increasing the utilization of new transmission is to co-locate both wind and concentrating solar power with thermal energy storage. In this work we examine the benefits and limits of using the dispatachability of thermal storage to increase the capacity factor of new transmission developed to access high quality solar and wind resources in remote locations.
Sioshansi, R.; Denholm, P.
Dynamic Power Flow Controller: Compact Dynamic Phase Angle Regulators for Transmission Power Routing
GENI Project: Varentec is developing compact, low-cost transmission power controllers with fractional power rating for controlling power flow on transmission networks. The technology will enhance grid operations through improved use of current assets and by dramatically reducing the number of transmission lines that have to be built to meet increasing contributions of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. The proposed transmission controllers would allow for the dynamic control of voltage and power flow, improving the grid�s ability to dispatch power in real time to the places where it is most needed. The controllers would work as fail-safe devices whereby the grid would be restored to its present operating state in the event of a controller malfunction instead of failing outright. The ability to affordably and dynamically control power flow with adequate fail-safe switchgear could open up new competitive energy markets which are not possible under the current regulatory structure and technology base.
Microsoft PowerPoint - FY12 RMR - CRSP TRANSMISSION PLANNING MEETING_Final.PPT [Compatibility Mode]
TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION PLANNING MEETING PLANNING MEETING December 6, 2011 December 6, 2011 1 Agenda g Introductions CRSP North (Loveland) Program CRSP South (Phoenix) Program CRSP South (Phoenix) Program Open Forum 2 CRSP North (Loveland) ( ) Capital Program Transmission Lines Substations Communications Communications Control, Protection and Metering M bil & H E i t Mobile & Heavy Equipment Programmatic Improvements 3 Transmission Lines Line Equipment Replacements 50k in FY12 & every year after Pleasant View 24.9-kV Line Replacement Estimated Project Cost (EPC) $ 1,000k FY15 $200K FY16 $800K 4 Substations Annual Equipment Replacement Program Substation Test Equipment Combined all test equipment categories under movable property, "Test Equipment Replacements"
Production Cost Optimization Assessments
The benefits of improved thermal performance of coal-fired power plants continue to grow, as the costs of fuel rise and the prospect of a carbon dioxide cap and trade program looms on the horizon. This report summarizes the efforts to date of utilities committed to reducing their heat rate by 1.0% in the Production Cost Optimization (PCO) Project. The process includes benchmarking of plant thermal performance using existing plant data and a site-specific performance appraisal. The appraisal determines po...
Seal durability is critical to achieving the 2010 DOE operational life goals for both stationary and transportation PEM fuel cell stacks. The seal material must be chemically and mechanically stable in an environment consisting of aggressive operating temperatures, humidified gases, and acidic membranes. The seal must also be producible at low cost. Currentlyused seal materials do not meet all these requirements. This project developed and demonstrated a high consistency hydrocarbon rubber seal material that was able to meet the DOE technical and cost targets. Significant emphasis was placed on characterization of the material and full scale molding demonstrations.
Roberts, George; Parsons, Jason; Friedman, Jake
Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation...
Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation Construction Projects (Wisconsin) Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation...
here Home Savings Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation Construction Projects (Wisconsin) Application Filling Requirements for Transmission...
Kangley - Echo Lake Transmission Line Project, Final Environmental...
Selleck Kangley North Bend Cedar Falls Existing Transmission Lines Proposed Transmission Line Alternatives Under Consideration BPA Substation Alternative * * * * * * ...
Initial Studies Toward Real-Time Transmission Path Rating
Demand continues to increase while transmission line construction is being constrained by multiple factors� economic, environmental, and political. Effective and efficient utilization of transmission lines is thus of great importance in an open access environment. Large blocks of power are transferred from areas with inexpensive generation to heavy load demand areas or areas with high generation costs. This results in some transmission paths being loaded closer to their path ratings, which limits further power transfer between areas. Traditionally, rating of important paths was determined off line by assuming the worst-case study scenario; once determined, it could be used for years. With increasing uncertainty arising from rapid growth of renewable energy and smart technologies, path rating studies are needed in near-real time to account for the latest system status and support a reliable and economic power grid. This paper adopts a simplified procedure based on standards of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to determine total transfer capability (TTC) or transfer limit for the purpose of demonstrating the benefits and necessity of real-time path rating. Initial studies are conducted to compute TTC of a two-area test system and a 39-bus test system. Results indicate that path rating can be significantly affected by loading conditions, generator schedules, system topology and other factors.
Singh, Ruchi; Diao, Ruisheng; Cai, Niannian; Huang, Zhenyu; Tuck, Brian; Guo, Xinxin
New Mexico/Transmission | Open Energy Information
New Mexico/Transmission New Mexico/Transmission < New Mexico Jump to: navigation, search NewMexicoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The electrical grid in New Mexico is part of the Southwest Area Transmission power grid which is part of the WestConnect Transmission Planning area, and covers the desert southwest of the United States. The Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) is the Regional Entity responsible for coordinating and promoting Bulk Electric System reliability in the Western Interconnection, including in New Mexico. In addition, WECC provides an environment for coordinating the operating and planning
Transmission/Resource Library | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Transmission/Resource Library < Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ResourceLibraryHeader.png Public Involvement Resources GIS Tools and Maps Environmental Resources and Mitigation NEPA MOUs General Transmission Documents Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database About Transmission Electricity Transmission: A Primer Overview of the grid system and the role of states in overseeing this system. The Design, Construction, and Operation of Long-Distance High-Voltage
Regional Transmission Planning Webinar | Department of Energy
Regional Transmission Planning Webinar Regional Transmission Planning Webinar Regional Transmission Planning Webinar May 29, 2013 11:00AM MDT Webinar The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Tribal Energy Program, and Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) are pleased to continue their sponsorship of the Tribal Renewable Energy Webinar Series. As part of a process to develop interconnection-based transmission plans for the Eastern and Western Interconnections and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), the eight U.S. regional reliability organizations are expanding existing regional transmission planning activities and broadening stakeholder involvement. Hear about the status of the organizations' plans and evaluations of long-term regional transmission
California/Transmission/Summary | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » California/Transmission/Summary < California | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search CaliforniaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In California, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) has authority to site transmission lines of 200kV or higher. The CPUC is authorized to approve or deny the applicant's request for the Certificate
Magnetic Materials for Broadband Transmission Line
The author�s series of articles on broadband transmission line transformers (TLTs) concludes with these notes on magnetic materials and the properties that are important for best performance Ferrite and iron powder magnetic materials were developed to support a wide range of components, including inductors, EMI suppressors, conventional transformers and transmission line transformers (TLTs). This article deals with transmission line transformers, presenting the observations and conclusions of the author, reached after extensive experimental research into the behavior and performance of these devices in broadband applications. Figure 1 � The three transformers used in comparing the performance of the autotransformer and the transmission line transformer. At the top left is an autotransformer; at the top right is the transmission line transformer, while at the bottom is a transmission line transformer without a ferrite core. All transformers had a total of 10 turns.
Jerry Sevick
Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes -
Facilities > Transmission Electron Facilities > Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes FACILITIES Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes Overview Other Facilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes The research activities of the Corrosion and Mechanics of Materials Section are supported by complete metallography/sample preparation rooms equipped with several optical and electron microscopes: a Transmission Electron Microscope and two Scanning Electron Microscopes. Bookmark and Share Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Detail of JEOL 100CXII TEM Figure 1: Detail of JEOL 100CXII TEM. Click on image to view larger image.
The Market Value and Cost of Solar Photovoltaic Electricity Production
have a much higher cost per kWh produced than baseload coal,life to 30 years on the cost per kWh is fairly small due tocosts through non-energy payments, which are incorporated as a constant per-kWh
Borenstein, Severin
Evaluation of power system security and development of transmission pricing method
The electric power utility industry is presently undergoing a change towards the deregulated environment. This has resulted in unbundling of generation, transmission and distribution services. The introduction of competition into unbundled electricity services may lead system operation closer to its security boundaries resulting in smaller operating safety margins. The competitive environment is expected to lead to lower price rates for customers and higher efficiency for power suppliers in the long run. Under this deregulated environment, security assessment and pricing of transmission services have become important issues in power systems. This dissertation provides new methods for power system security assessment and transmission pricing. In power system security assessment, the following issues are discussed 1) The description of probabilistic methods for power system security assessment 2) The computation time of simulation methods 3) on-line security assessment for operation. A probabilistic method using Monte-Carlo simulation is proposed for power system security assessment. This method takes into account dynamic and static effects corresponding to contingencies. Two different Kohonen networks, Self-Organizing Maps and Learning Vector Quantization, are employed to speed up the probabilistic method. The combination of Kohonen networks and Monte-Carlo simulation can reduce computation time in comparison with straight Monte-Carlo simulation. A technique for security assessment employing Bayes classifier is also proposed. This method can be useful for system operators to make security decisions during on-line power system operation. This dissertation also suggests an approach for allocating transmission transaction costs based on reliability benefits in transmission services. The proposed method shows the transmission transaction cost of reliability benefits when transmission line capacities are considered. The ratio between allocation by transmission line capacity-use and allocation by reliability benefits is computed using the probability of system failure.
Kim, Hyungchul
Overhead Transmission Inspection and Assessment Guidelines -- 2011
The emphasis within the transmission arena has shifted from designing and building new transmission facilities to optimizing the use, performance, and life of existing facilities. In the early 1990s, EPRI established an initiative to examine the capabilities and limitations of existing inspection and assessment methods and technology. One of the key needs identified was information on methods and technologies for inspecting/assessing the conditions and life expectancy of overhead transmission line compon...
Overhead Transmission Inspection and Assessment Guidelines - 2012
The emphasis within the transmission arena has shifted from designing and building new transmission facilities to optimizing the use, performance, and life of existing facilities. In the early 1990s, EPRI established an initiative to examine the capabilities and limitations of existing inspection and assessment methods and technology. One of the key needs identified was information on methods and technologies for inspecting/assessing the conditions and life expectancy of overhead transmission line ...
Transmission Cable Life Evaluation and Management
High-pressure fluid-filled (HPFF) transmission cable systems constitute nearly 80 percent of the transmission cables in the United States, and represent an estimated $18 billion investment, in present-day dollars. Many of these systems are reaching or have exceeded their design life of 40 years, and evaluating their condition and remaining life is of utmost importance to utilities seeking to make full use of their underground transmission assets. This report describes procedures and diagnostic tools for ...
Transmission System: Loss Reduction and Utilization Enhancement
EPRI R&D program 172Efficient Transmission Systems for a Carbon-Constrained Worldcomprises base research activities and a series of demonstration projects under the collaborative efforts led by EPRI, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and the transmission industry. The program's goal is to understand, through real-life examples, designs that can help build a more efficient transmission system. Base research and development activities under program P172 have set the foundation for the demons...
Electrical Effects of HVDC Transmission Lines
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines are used to transmit large amounts of power over long distances. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and others have produced many publications over approximately the past three decades, expounding on this topic. Several HVDC transmission lines have been built and have been in operation around the world over that period, and recently, there has been increased interest in the advantages that HVDC transmission affords. HVDC lines, like high-vol...
EPRI Increased Transmission Capacity Workshop Proceedings
This report documents the proceedings of EPRI's Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Workshop. The workshop was held on September 20, 2011 at the offices of the American Transmission Company in Waukesha, Wisconsin. Participants included members of the EPRI Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity Task Force. The workshop was a joint effort of two EPRI research projects: (1) Increased Power Flow Guidebook and Ratings for Overhead Lines, and (2) Impact of High Temperature Operation on Conductor Systems...
A simplified and scalable should-cost tool in the oilfield services industry
Third party spend accounts for a significant amount of a business' costs. When procuring unique, highly-engineered components, this cost is often negotiated with suppliers during the procurement process. Due to the limited ...
Mealer, Clayton M
The Valley Group, Inc. CAT-1 TM Transmission Line Monitoring Systems
We wish to commend the CEC on its leadership role in exploring all facets of renewable energy, especially wind resource development and related transmission system issues. The Valley Group has been involved with numerous studies relating to wind farm transmission access, and is directly involved with several IEEE and CIGRE task force initiatives related to wind as it specifically relates to transmission line capacity. We are pleased to have this opportunity to share our findings with the commission. With regard to the workshop questions posed on physical limits of existing transmission facilities and methods to facilitate access to renewable resources, we wish to call your attention to some actual results observed at a utility in the southwest U.S. using Dynamic Line Rating technology to optimize access to wind farm energy production while ensuring transmission grid reliability, all at minimal cost to the utility and its ratepayers. The bottom line is that Dynamic Line Rating technology enables transmission system operators to utilize the natural correlation that exists between wind farm output and real (not assumed) transmission line capacity. This is not theorized, but rather has been proven and successfully implemented. We strongly recommend that CEC and CPUC take the time to fully understand Dynamic Line Rating
Commissioner John; L. Geesman
Petroleum & Other Liquids. Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas liquids. Natural Gas
RRTT - Rapid Response Team for Transmission
Rapid Response Team- Rapid Response Team- Transmission Exploring the Business Link Opportunity: Transmission & Clean Energy Development in the West TRIBAL LEADER FORUM SERIES February 7, 2012 Laura Smith Morton Department of Energy email@example.com Nine Agency MOU * Improves uniformity, consistency, and transparency - Establishes the roles and responsibilities of the nine signatory agencies regarding electric transmission infrastructure project applicants * Provides single point of contact for coordinating all federal authorizations required to locate electric transmission facilities on federal land * Establishes DOE (under authority pursuant to section 216(h) of the FPA) as lead agency for coordinating all federal authorizations and related environmental
Transmission Congestion Study COMMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED EDISION...
Preparation of the 2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study COMMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED EDISION COMPANY OF NEW YORK. INC. AND ORANGE AND ROCKLAND UTILITIES, INC....
2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford...
Hartford Workshop 2009 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Hartford Workshop On July 9, 2008, DOE hosted a regional pre-study workshop in Hartford, CT to receive...
2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Philadelphia...
Philadelphia Workshop 2012 National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - Philadelphia Workshop On December 6, 2011, DOE hosted a regional pre-study workshop in Philadelphia, PA...
of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Request for Information Relating to the Permitting of Transmission Lines Submitted as of March 28, 2012 2...
Lone Star Transmission LLC | Open Energy Information
LLC Place Juno Beach, Florida Zip 33408 Product Wholly owned subsidiary of FPL Energy, developing transmission lines. First project is the DFW Express high voltage DC...
Transmission Expansion Planning Using an AC Model
Jan 2, 2013 ... Abstract: Transmission expansion planning (TEP) is a rather complicated process which requires extensive studies to determine when, where�...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Issues Affecting Renewable...
issues related to the integration of renewable energy sources into the transmission system. Developing solutions to these challenges will enable higher penetrations of...
Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator | Open Energy...
Name Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator Place Carmel, IN References SGIC1 No information has been entered for this organization. Add Organization This article is a...
Transmission eigenvalues for operators with constant coefficients
In this paper we study the interior transmission problem and transmission eigenvalues for multiplicative perturbations of linear partial differential operator of order $\\ge 2$ with constant real coefficients. Under suitable growth conditions on the symbol of the operator and the perturbation, we show the discreteness of the set of transmission eigenvalues and derive sufficient conditions on the existence of transmission eigenvalues. We apply these techniques to the case of the biharmonic operator and the Dirac system. In the hypoelliptic case we present a connection to scattering theory.
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Working With Us
Working With Us NREL works with industry, government, and academia on transmission integration research. Learn how you can work with us. Develop Technology Partnerships There are a...
American Transmission Company LLC | Open Energy Information
American Transmission Company LLC Place Waukesha, WI References SGIC1 No information has been entered for this organization. Add Organization This article is a stub. You can help...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Solar Integration National...
of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study and Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study datasets greatly advanced the modeling of wind and solar power production...
Available Technologies: Transmission Electron Microscope Phase ...
Robert Glaeser and Jian Jin have developed an apparatus that can be integrated into transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to enable high contrast imaging of weak ...
OFDM techniques for multimedia data transmission.
??Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient parallel data transmission scheme that has relatively recently become popular in both wired and wireless communication systems� (more)
Neville, K
Transmission planning in deregulated power markets.
??Transmission systems in deregulated power systems have largely been left to centralized network operators although various forms of participation by merchant operators have been proposed.� (more)
Panambarage Anton Jagath Fonseka.
Iran Thomas Auditorium, 8600 Environmental Transmission Electron...
April 26, 2012 11:00 am Iran Thomas Auditorium, 8600 Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy for Catalysis Research: The Example of Carbon Nanotubes Eric A. Stach Center for...
Northern Pass Transmission Line Project Environmental Impact...
Northern Pass Transmission Line Project Environmental Impact Statement: Announcement of Change in Public Meeting Location: Federal Register Notice Volume 78, No. 181 - September...