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US 8034452 B2 Abstract A barrier assembly having a flexible or rigid substrate overcoated with an all polymer multilayer stack. A multilayer on the substrate includes alternating diamond-like glass or carbon layers with polymer layers. Another multilayer includes alternating polymer layers using different types of polymers. The barrier layers can be used to mount, cover, encapsulate or form composite assemblies for protection of moisture or oxygen sensitive articles.
Claims(25) 1. A single dyad barrier film, consisting of layers arranged in the following order:
a flexible substrate;
a layer of a polymeric material applied to the substrate; and
a layer of diamond-like glass material applied to the polymeric material,
wherein the diamond-like glass material comprises a random covalent network containing carbon, silicon, and oxygen,
wherein the layer of diamond-like glass material has a thickness less than or equal to 1.0 micron.
2. The barrier film of
3. The barrier film of
4. The barrier film of
5. The barrier film of
6. The barrier film of
7. A single dyad barrier film, consisting of layers arranged in the following order:
a flexible substrate;
a layer of a polymeric material applied to the substrate;
a layer of diamond-like glass material applied to the polymeric material,
wherein the diamond-like glass material comprises a random covalent network containing carbon, silicon, and oxygen,
wherein the layer of diamond-like glass material has a thickness less than or equal to 1.0 micron; and
a functional layer applied to the substrate on a side of the substrate opposite the layer of the polymeric material.
8. The barrier film of
9. The barrier film of
10. The barrier film of
11. The barrier film of
12. The barrier film of
13. The barrier film of
14. The barrier film of
15. The barrier film of
16. The barrier film of
17. The barrier film of
18. The barrier film of
19. The barrier film of
20. A single dyad barrier film, consisting of layers arranged in the following order:
a flexible substrate;
a layer of a polymeric material applied to the substrate;
a layer of diamond-like glass material applied to the polymeric material,
wherein the diamond-like glass material comprises a random covalent network containing carbon, silicon, and oxygen,
wherein the layer of diamond-like glass material has a thickness less than or equal to 1.0 micron; and
a getter or desiccant layer adjacent the layer of the diamond-like glass material.
21. The barrier film of
22. The barrier film of
23. The barrier film of
24. The barrier film of
25. The barrier film of
Description This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/400,431, filed Mar. 9, 2009, now abandoned, which is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 11/185,078, filed Jul. 20, 2005, abandoned, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein. The present invention relates to barrier films for protection of moisture or oxygen sensitive articles. Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) can suffer reduced output or premature failure when exposed to water vapor or oxygen. Metals and glasses have been used to encapsulate and prolong the life of OLED devices, but metals typically lack transparency and glass lacks flexibility. Intense efforts are underway to find alternative encapsulation materials for OLEDs and other electronic devices. Examples include various types of vacuum processes are described in the patent and technical literature for the formation of barrier coatings. These methods span the range of e-beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, electron-cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), magnetically enhanced PECVD, reactive sputtering, and others. Barrier performance of the coatings deposited by these methods typically results in a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) in the range from 0.1-5 g/m2 day, depending on the specific processes. Graff (WO0036665) demonstrates the importance of separating multiple inorganic oxide coatings with vapor deposited highly cross-linked polymer layers to achieve barrier performance necessary for OLED device substrates. It is commonly accepted that multiple inorganic layers separated by polymer coatings are needed to achieve superior barrier performance. U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,875 teaches the importance of a plasma polymerized siloxane monomer and an adhesion promoter in addition to generating the plasma in an �oxygen excessive� mode and depositing the coatings in the �plasma reaction zone� to obtain improved barrier performance. The best barrier coatings made by this process still have an MVTR of 0.23 g/m2 day. Da Silva Sobrinho et al. (Surface and Coatings Technology, 116-119, p 1204, 1999) report a microwave and radio frequency combined process for depositing barrier coatings. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,146,225, Sheats et al. claim that a high density plasma with low bias voltage results in superior quality barrier coatings. References relating to flexible barrier films include U.S. Pat. No. 5,440,446 (Shaw et. al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,530,581 (Cogan), U.S. Pat. No. 5,681,666 (Treger et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,360 (Harvey, III et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,736,207 (Walther et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,004,660 (Topolski et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,628 (Yializis), U.S. Pat. No. 6,146,225 (Sheats et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,214,422 (Yializis), U.S. Pat. No. 6,268,695 (Affinito), U.S. Pat. No. 6,358,570 (Affinito), U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,645 (Graff et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,492,026 (Graff et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,598 (Affinito), U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,598 (Affinito), U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,861 (Martin et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,325 (Graff et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,757,126, U.S. Patent Application No. 2002/0125822 A1 (Graff et al.), and PCT Published Application No. WO 97/16053 (Robert Bosch GmbH). A first composite assembly for protection of a moisture or oxygen sensitive article includes a substrate, a first polymer layer overcoated on the substrate, and a second polymer layer overcoated on the first polymer layer. In this assembly, the first polymer layer is composed of a first polymer and the second polymer layer is composed of a second polymer different from the first polymer, and the second polymer comprises a plasma polymer. A second composite assembly for protection of a moisture or oxygen sensitive article includes a substrate, a polymer layer overcoated on the substrate, and a diamond-like carbon layer overcoated on the polymer layer. A third composite assembly for protection of a moisture or oxygen sensitive article includes a substrate, a polymer layer overcoated on the substrate, and a diamond-like glass layer overcoated on the polymer glass layer. Processes include any method of fabricating these assemblies. The words of orientation such as �atop�, �on�, �uppermost� and the like for the location of various layers in the barrier assemblies or devices refer to the relative position of one or more layers with respect to a horizontal support layer. We do not intend that the barrier assemblies or devices should have any particular orientation in space during or after their manufacture. The term �overcoated� to describe the position of a layer with respect to a substrate or other element of a barrier assembly, refers to the layer as being atop the substrate or other element, but not necessarily contiguous to either the substrate or the other element. The term �polymer� refers to homopolymers and copolymers, as well as homopolymers or copolymers that may be formed in a miscible blend, e.g., by coextrusion or by reaction, including, e.g., transesterification. The term �polymer� also includes plasma deposited polymers. The term �copolymer� includes both random and block copolymers. The term �curable polymer� includes both crosslinked and uncrosslinked polymers. The term �crosslinked� polymer refers to a polymer whose polymer chains are joined together by covalent chemical bonds, usually via crosslinking molecules or groups, to form a network polymer. A crosslinked polymer is generally characterized by insolubility, but may be swellable in the presence of an appropriate solvent. The term a �visible light-transmissive� support, layer, assembly or device means that the support, layer, assembly or device has an average transmission over the visible portion of the spectrum, Tvis, of at least about 20%, measured along the normal axis. The term �diamond-like glass� (DLG) refers to substantially or completely amorphous glass including carbon and silicon, and optionally including one or more additional components selected from the group including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sulfur, titanium, and copper. Other elements may be present in certain embodiments. The amorphous diamond-like glass films may contain clustering of atoms to give it a short-range order but are essentially void of medium and long range ordering that lead to micro or macro crystallinity which can adversely scatter radiation having wavelengths of from 180 nanometers (nm) to 800 nm. The term �diamond-like carbon� (DLC) refers to an amorphous film or coating comprising approximately 50 to 90 atomic percent carbon and approximately 10 to 50 atomic percent hydrogen, with a gram atom density of between approximately 0.20 and approximately 0.28 gram atoms per cubic centimeter, and composed of approximately 50% to approximately 90% tetrahedral bonds. The invention may be more completely understood in the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: Embodiments consistent with the present invention include an enhanced PECVD process that leads to coatings having superior moisture vapor barrier performance. In one particular embodiment, excellent barrier performance is achieved from a SiOCH film formed on a web in intimate contact with a drum electrode utilizing radio frequency (RF) plasma conditions that lead to an oxygen depleted silicon oxide coating under significant energetic ion bombardment. The MVTRs of barrier coatings deposited using this process were less than 0.005 g/m2 day measured using ASTM F-1219 at 50� C. According to certain embodiments, barrier coatings at least 100 nm thick deposited under high self-bias and low pressures (approximately 5-10 mTorr) result in superior moisture vapor transmission rates. The coatings are deposited on a drum electrode powered using an RF source operating at least 1000 W of forward power. The vacuum chamber is configured such that these operating conditions result in a very high (>500 V) negative potential on the drum electrode. As a result of ion bombardment from having high substrate bias, the coating formed has very low free volume. The drum is typically water cooled. A silicon source such as tetra methyl silane (TMS) and oxygen is introduced in quantities such that the resulting coatings are oxygen depleted in certain embodiments. Even though the coatings are deficient in oxygen, the coatings have high optical transmission. Nitrogen may be introduced in addition to oxygen to obtain a SiOCNH coating. The SiOCNH coatings also have superior barrier properties. Therefore, the process conditions that result in better barrier coatings are as follows: (1) barrier coatings are made by an RF PECVD process on a moving drum electrode under high self-bias; (2) the CVD process is operated at a very low pressure of less than 50 mTorr, preferably less than 25 mTorr, most preferably less than 10 mTorr to avoid gas phase nucleation and particle formation, and to prevent collisional quenching of ion energy at higher pressures; and (3) the coatings are significantly �oxygen depleted,� meaning that for every Si atom there are less than 1.5 oxygen atoms present in the coating (O/Si atomic ratio<1.5). The barrier coatings may be used for various types of packaging applications. For example, electronics, medical, pharmaceutical and foodstuffs packaging all have varying requirements for protection from moisture and oxygen. For pharmaceuticals, the barrier coatings may be used, for example, to protect drugs from oxygen and moisture, helping to maintain their purity and increase their shelf life by avoiding the adverse effects of contaminants. For foodstuffs, the barrier coatings may be used, for example, to protect food products from oxygen and moisture, helping to preserve their flavor and increase their shelf life. Another application involves using the coatings to encapsulate phosphor particles including electroluminescent phosphor particles such as zinc sulfide, organic electroluminescent thin films, photovoltaic devices, and other such devices. Substrates having the barrier coatings may be used in the fabrication of flexible electronic devices such as OLEDs, organic transistors, liquid crystal displays (LCD), and other devices. The coatings can also be used to encapsulate the OLED devices directly, and the barrier film could be used as a cover for encapsulating glass or plastic substrate devices. Due to the superior barrier performance of the coatings produced using the described PECVD conditions, such devices could be produced at a lower cost with better performance. Exemplary Barrier Assembly Structures Assemblies 110 and 130 can include any number of alternating or other layers. Adding more layers may improve the lifetime of the assemblies by increasing their imperviousness to oxygen, moisture, or other contaminants. Use of more or multiple layers may also help cover or encapsulate defects within the layers. The number of layers can be optimized, or otherwise selected, based upon particular implementations or other factors. Substrate Substrates having moisture barrier coatings can include any type of substrate material for use in making a display or electronic device. The substrate can be rigid, for example by using glass or other materials. The substrate can also be curved or flexible, for example by using plastics or other materials. The substrate can be of any desired shape. Particularly preferred supports are flexible plastic materials including thermoplastic films such as polyesters (e.g., PET), polyacrylates (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate), polycarbonates, polypropylenes, high or low density polyethylenes, polyethylene naphthalates, polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene difluoride and polyethylene sulfide, and thermoset films such as cellulose derivatives, polyimide, polyimide benzoxazole, and poly benzoxazole. Other suitable materials for the substrate include chlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer (CTFE/VDF), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluoroalkyl-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethyloene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (TFE/HFP), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride terpolymer (THV), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer (HFP/VDF), tetrafluoroethylene-propylene copolymer (TFE/P), and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylether copolymer (TFE/PFMe). Alternative substrates include materials having a high glass transition temperature (Tg) barrier, preferably being heat-stabilized, using heat setting, annealing under tension, or other techniques that will discourage shrinkage up to at least the heat stabilization temperature when the support is not constrained. If the support has not been heat stabilized, then it preferably has a Tg greater than that of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, Tg=105� C.). More preferably the support has a Tg of at least about 110� C., yet more preferably at least about 120� C., and most preferably at least about 128� C. In addition to heat-stabilized polyethylene terephthalate (HSPET), other preferred supports include other heat-stabilized high Tg polyesters, PMMA, styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN, Tg=110� C.), styrene/maleic anhydride (SMA, Tg=115� C.), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN, Tg=about 120� C.), polyoxymethylene (POM, Tg=about 125� C.), polyvinylnaphthalene (PVN, Tg=about 135� C.), polyetheretherketone (PEEK, Tg=about 145� C.), polyaryletherketone (PAEK, Tg=145� C.), high Tg fluoropolymers (e.g., DYNEON� HTE terpolymer of hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and ethylene, Tg=about 149� C.), polycarbonate (PC, Tg=about 150� C.), poly alpha-methyl styrene (Tg=about 175� C.), polyarylate (PAR, Tg=190� C.), polysulfone (PSul, Tg=about 195� C.), polyphenylene oxide (PPO, Tg=about 200� C.), polyetherimide (PEI, Tg=about 218� C.), polyarylsulfone (PAS, Tg=220� C.), poly ether sulfone (PES, Tg=about 225� C.), polyamideimide (PAI, Tg=about 275� C.), polyimide (Tg=about 300� C.) and polyphthalamide (heat deflection temp of 120� C.). For applications where material costs are important, supports made of HSPET and PEN are especially preferred. For applications where barrier performance is paramount, supports made of more expensive materials may be employed. Preferably the substrate has a thickness of about 0.01 millimeters (mm) to about 1 mm, more preferably about 0.05 mm to about 0.25 mm. DLG Layer Diamond-like glass is an amorphous carbon system including a substantial quantity of silicon and oxygen that exhibits diamond-like properties. In these films, on a hydrogen-free basis, there is at least 30% carbon, a substantial amount of silicon (typically at least 25%) and no more than 45% oxygen. The unique combination of a fairly high amount of silicon with a significant amount of oxygen and a substantial amount of carbon makes these films highly transparent and flexible (unlike glass). Diamond-like glass thin films may have a variety of light transmissive properties. Depending upon the composition, the thin films may have increased transmissive properties at various frequencies. However, in specific implementations the thin film (when approximately one micron thick) is at least 70% transmissive to radiation at substantially all wavelengths from about 250 nm to about 800 nm and more preferably from about 400 nm to about 800 nm. The extinction coefficient of DLG film is as follows: 70% transmission for a one micron thick film corresponds to an extinction coefficient (k) of less than 0.02 in the visible wavelength range between 400 nm and 800 nm. Diamond thin films, having significantly different properties from the amorphous diamond-like glass film of the present invention due to the arrangement and intermolecular bonds of carbon atoms in the specific material, have previously been deposited on substrates. The type and amount of intermolecular bonds are determined by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Carbon deposits contain substantially two types of carbon-carbon bonds: trigonal graphite bonds (sp2) and tetrahedral diamond bonds (sp3). Diamond is composed of virtually all tetrahedral bonds, while diamond-like films are composed of approximately 50% to 90% tetrahedral bonds, and graphite is composed of virtually all trigonal bonds. The crystallinity and the nature of the bonding of the carbon system determine the physical and chemical properties of the deposit. Diamond is crystalline whereas the diamond-like glass is a non-crystalline amorphous material, as determined by x-ray diffraction. Diamond is essentially pure carbon, whereas diamond-like glass contains a substantial amount of non-carbon components, including silicon. Diamond has the highest packing density, or gram atom density (GAD) of any material at ambient pressure. Its GAD is 0.28 gram atoms/cc. Amorphous diamond-like films have a GAD ranging from about 0.20 to 0.28 gram atoms/cc. In contrast, graphite has a GAD of 0.18 gram atoms/cc. The high packing density of diamond-like glass affords excellent resistance to diffusion of liquid or gaseous materials. Gram atom density is calculated from measurements of the weight and thickness of a material. The term �gram atom� refers to the atomic weight of a material expressed in grams. Amorphous diamond-like glass is diamond-like because, in addition to the foregoing physical properties that are similar to diamond, it has many of the desirable performance properties of diamond such as extreme hardness (typically 1000 to 2000 kg/mm2), high electrical resistivity (often 109 to 1013 ohm-cm), a low coefficient of friction (for example, 0.1), and optical transparency over a wide range of wavelengths (a typical extinction coefficient of about between 0.01 and 0.02 in the 400 nm to 800 nm range). Diamond films also have some properties which, in many applications, make them less beneficial than amorphous diamond-like glass films. Diamond films usually have grain structures, as determined by electron microscopy. The grain boundaries are a path for chemical attack and degradation of the substrates, and also cause scattering of actinic radiation. Amorphous diamond-like glass does not have a grain structure, as determined by electron microscopy, and is thus well suited to applications wherein actinic radiation will pass through the film. The polycrystalline structure of diamond films causes light scattering from the grain boundaries. In creating a diamond-like glass film, various additional components can be incorporated into the basic carbon or carbon and hydrogen composition. These additional components can be used to alter and enhance the properties that the diamond-like glass film imparts to the substrate. For example, it may be desirable to further enhance the barrier and surface properties. The additional components may include one or more of hydrogen (if not already incorporated), nitrogen, fluorine, sulfur, titanium, or copper. Other additional components may also be of benefit. The addition of hydrogen promotes the formation of tetrahedral bonds. The addition of fluorine is particularly useful in enhancing barrier and surface properties of the diamond-like glass film, including the ability to be dispersed in an incompatible matrix. The addition of nitrogen may be used to enhance resistance to oxidation and to increase electrical conductivity. The addition of sulfur can enhance adhesion. The addition of titanium tends to enhance adhesion as well as diffusion and barrier properties. These diamond-like materials may be considered as a form of plasma polymers, which can be deposited on the assembly using, for example, a vapor source. The term �plasma polymer� is applied to a class of materials synthesized from a plasma by using precursor monomers in the gas phase at low temperatures. Precursor molecules are broken down by energetic electrons present in the plasma to form free radical species. These free radical species react at the substrate surface and lead to polymeric thin film growth. Due to the non-specificity of the reaction processes in both the gas phase and the substrate, the resulting polymer films are highly cross-linked and amorphous in nature. This class of materials has been researched and summarized in publications such as the following: H. Yasuda, �Plasma Polymerization,� Academic Press Inc., New York (1985); R. d'Agostino (Ed), �Plasma Deposition, Treatment & Etching of Polymers,� Academic Press, New York (1990); and H. Biederman and Y. Osada, �Plasma Polymerization Processes,� Elsever, New York (1992). Typically, these polymers have an organic nature to them due to the presence of hydrocarbon and carbonaceous functional groups such as CH3, CH2, CH, Si�C, Si�CH3, Al�C, Si�O�CH3, etc. The presence of these functional groups may be ascertained by analytical techniques such as IR, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and secondary ion mass (SIMS) spectroscopies. The carbon content in the film may be quantified by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Not all plasma deposition processes lead to plasma polymers. Inorganic thin films are frequently deposited by PECVD at elevated substrate temperatures to produce thin inorganic films such as amorphous silicon, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, etc. Lower temperature processes may be used with inorganic precursors such as silane (SiH4) and ammonia (NH3). In some cases, the organic component present in the precursors is removed in the plasma by feeding the precursor mixture with an excess flow of oxygen. Silicon rich films are produced frequently from tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO)-oxygen mixtures where the oxygen flow rate is ten times that of the TMDSO flow. Films produced in these cases have an oxygen to silicon ratio of about 2, which is near that of silicon dioxide. The plasma polymer layer of this invention is differentiated from other inorganic plasma deposited thin films by the oxygen to silicon ratio in the films and by the amount of carbon present in the films. When a surface analytic technique such as ESCA is used for the analysis, the elemental atomic composition of the film may be obtained on a hydrogen-free basis. Plasma polymer films of the present invention are substantially sub-stoichiometric in their inorganic component and substantially carbon-rich, depicting their organic nature. In films containing silicon for example, the oxygen to silicon ratio is preferably below 1.8 (silicon dioxide has a ratio of 2.0), and most preferably below 1.5 as in the case of DLG, and the carbon content is at least about 10%. Preferably, the carbon content is at least about 20% and most preferably at least about 25%. Furthermore, the organic siloxane structure of the films may be detected by IR spectra of the film with the presence of Si�CH3 groups at 1250 cm−1 and 800 cm−1, and by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). One advantage of DLG coatings or films is their resistance to cracking in comparison to other films. DLG coatings are inherently resistant to cracking either under applied stress or inherent stresses arising from manufacture of the film. This property was determined by cutting 75 mm�10 mm strips of sample #2 prepared according to the process conditions in Table 2 of Example 1 below (175 nm thick DLG coating) and sample #1 prepared according to the conditions described in Table 3 of Example 1 below (60 nm thick sputtered SiOx film). The strips were attached to the jaws of a home-made vise. The extent of travel of the jaws was determined by a digital micrometer attached to the vise. The sample strips were stretched by opening the jaws by 1.5 mm thus producing a 2% elongation in the coated samples. The stretched samples were placed under a microscope and number of cracks in the coating were counted. The results are provided in Table 1. It can be seen that the number of cracks is substantially lower for the DLG film even though its thickness is almost three times that of the sputtered SiOx film, contrary to the generally expected result that a thicker film would result in a greater tendency to crack. Diamond and DLC differ significantly due to the arrangement of carbon atoms in the specific material. Carbon coatings contain substantially two types of carbon-carbon bonds: trigonal graphite bonds (sp2) and tetrahedral diamond bonds (sp3). Diamond is composed of virtually all tetrahedral bonds, DLC is composed of approximately 50% to 90% tetrahedral bonds, and graphite is composed of virtually all trigonal bonds. The type and amount of bonds are determined from IR and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The crystallinity and the nature of the bonding of the carbon determine the physical and chemical properties of the coating. Diamond is crystalline whereas DLC is a non-crystalline amorphous material, as determined by x-ray diffraction. DLC contains a substantial amount of hydrogen (from 10 to 50 atomic percent), unlike diamond which is essentially pure carbon. Atomic percentages are determined by combustion analysis. Diamond has the highest packing, or gram atom, density (GAD) of any material at ambient pressure. Its GAD is 0.28 gram atoms/cc. Diamond-like carbon has a GAD ranging from about 0.20 to 0.28 gram atoms/cc. In contrast, graphite has a GAD of 0.18 gram atoms/cc. The high packing density of DLC affords it excellent resistance to diffusion of liquid or gaseous materials. DLC coatings are diamond-like because, in addition to the foregoing physical properties that are similar to diamond, they have many of the desirable properties of diamond such as extreme hardness (1000 to 2000 kg/mm2), high electrical resistivity (109 to 1013 ohm-cm), a low coefficient of friction (0.1), and optical transparency over a wide range of wavelengths (extinction coefficient of less than 0.1 in the 400 to 800 nanometer range). However, diamond coatings have some properties which, in some applications, make them less beneficial as a coating than DLC. Diamond coatings are comprised of a grain structures, as determined by electron microscopy. The grain boundaries are a path for chemical attack and degradation of underlying sensitive materials, via transmission of water or oxygen. The amorphous DLC coatings do not have a grain structure, as determined by electron microscopy. Diamond and DLC also have different light absorption characteristics. For example, diamond has no intrinsic fundamental absorption in the blue light range because its optical band gap is 5.56 eV and it is transmissive well into the ultraviolet region. DLC, on the other hand, contains small amounts of unsaturated bonds due to carbon-carbon double bonding, which causes an optical absorption band in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Various additives to the DLC coating can be used. These additives may comprise one or more of nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, or silicon. The addition of fluorine is particularly useful in enhancing barrier and surface properties, including dispersibility, of the DLC coating. Sources of fluorine include compounds such as carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), C2F6, C3F8, and C4F10. The addition of silicon and oxygen to the DLC coating tend to improve the optical transparency and thermal stability of the coating. The addition of nitrogen may be used to enhance resistance to oxidation and to increase electrical conductivity. Sources of oxygen include oxygen gas (O2), water vapor, ethanol, and hydrogen peroxide. Sources of silicon preferably include silanes such as SiH4, Si2H6, and hexamethyldisiloxane. Sources of nitrogen include nitrogen gas (N2), ammonia (NH3), and hydrazine (N2H6). The additives may be incorporated into the diamond-like matrix or attached to the surface atomic layer. If the additives are incorporated into the diamond-like matrix they may cause perturbations in the density and/or structure, but the resulting material is essentially a densely packed network with diamond-like carbon characteristics (chemical inertness, hardness, barrier properties, etc.). If the additive concentration is large, greater than 50 atomic percent relative to the carbon concentration, the density will be affected and the beneficial properties of the diamond-like carbon network will be lost. If the additives are attached to the surface atomic layers they will alter only the surface structure and properties. The bulk properties of the diamond-like carbon network will be preserved. Polymer Layers The polymer layers used in the multilayer stack of the barrier assemblies are preferably crosslinkable. The crosslinked polymeric layer lies atop the substrate or other layers, and it can be formed from a variety of materials. Preferably the polymeric layer is crosslinked in situ atop the underlying layer. If desired, the polymeric layer can be applied using conventional coating methods such as roll coating (e.g., gravure roll coating) or spray coating (e.g., electrostatic spray coating), then crosslinked using, for example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Most preferably the polymeric layer is formed by flash evaporation, vapor deposition and crosslinking of a monomer as described above. Volatilizable (meth)acrylate monomers are preferred for use in such a process, with volatilizable acrylate monomers being especially preferred. Preferred (meth)acrylates have a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 600, more preferably about 200 to about 400. Other preferred (meth)acrylates have a value of the ratio of the molecular weight to the number of acrylate functional groups per molecule in the range of about 150 to about 600 g/mole/(meth)acrylate group, more preferably about 200 to about 400 g/mole/(meth)acrylate group. Fluorinated (meth)acrylates can be used at higher molecular weight ranges or ratios, e.g., about 400 to about 3000 molecular weight or about 400 to about 3000 g/mole/(meth)acrylate group. Coating efficiency can be improved by cooling the support. Particularly preferred monomers include multifunctional (meth)acrylates, used alone or in combination with other multifunctional or monofunctional (meth)acrylates, such as hexanediol diacrylate, ethoxyethyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, cyanoethyl (mono)acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, dinitrile acrylate, pentafluorophenyl acrylate, nitrophenyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl (meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate, propylated trimethylol propane triacrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, phenylthioethyl acrylate, naphthloxyethyl acrylate, IRR-214 cyclic diacrylate from UCB Chemicals, epoxy acrylate RDX80095 from Rad-Cure Corporation, and mixtures thereof. A variety of other curable materials can be included in the crosslinked polymeric layer, e.g., vinyl ethers, vinyl naphthylene, acrylonitrile, and mixtures thereof. The physical thickness of the crosslinked polymeric layer will depend in part upon its refractive index and in part upon the desired optical characteristics of the film (e.g., on whether the film should contain a Fabry-Perot stack). For use in an infrared-rejecting Fabry-Perot stack, the crosslinked polymeric spacing layer typically will have a refractive index of about 1.3 to about 1.7, and preferably will have an optical thickness of about 75 nm to about 200 nm, more preferably about 100 nm to about 150 nm and a corresponding physical thickness of about 50 nm to about 130 nm, more preferably about 65 nm to about 100 nm. Alternative materials for the polymer layers include materials having a Tg greater than or equal to that of HSPET. A variety of alternative polymer materials can be employed. Volatilizable monomers that form suitably high Tg polymers are especially preferred. Preferably the alternative polymer layer has a Tg greater than that of PMMA, more preferably a Tg of at least about 110� C., yet more preferably at least about 150� C., and most preferably at least about 200� C. Especially preferred monomers that can be used to form this layer include urethane acrylates (e.g., CN-968, Tg=about 84� C. and CN-983, Tg=about 90� C., both commercially available from Sartomer Co.), isobornyl acrylate (e.g., SR-506, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 88� C.), dipentaerythritol pentaacrylates (e.g., SR-399, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 90� C.), epoxy acrylates blended with styrene (e.g., CN-120S80, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 95� C.), di-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylates (e.g., SR-355, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 98� C.), diethylene glycol diacrylates (e.g., SR-230, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 100� C.), 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate (e.g., SR-212, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 101� C.), pentaacrylate esters (e.g., SR-9041, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 102� C.), pentaerythritol tetraacrylates (e.g., SR-295, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 103� C.), pentaerythritol triacrylates (e.g., SR-444, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 103� C.), ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylates (e.g., SR-454, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 103� C.), ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylates (e.g., SR-454HP, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 103� C.), alkoxylated trifunctional acrylate esters (e.g., SR-9008, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 103� C.), dipropylene glycol diacrylates (e.g., SR-508, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 104� C.), neopentyl glycol diacrylates (e.g., SR-247, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 107� C.), ethoxylated (4) bisphenol a dimethacrylates (e.g., CD-450, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 108� C.), cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate esters (e.g., CD-406, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 110� C.), isobornyl methacrylate (e.g., SR-423, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 110� C.), cyclic diacrylates (e.g., IRR-214, commercially available from UCB Chemicals, Tg=about 208� C.) and tris (2-hydroxy ethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate (e.g., SR-368, commercially available from Sartomer Co., Tg=about 272� C.), acrylates of the foregoing methacrylates and methacrylates of the foregoing acrylates. Other Optional Layers, Coatings, and Treatments Various functional layers or coatings can be added to the barrier assemblies to alter or improve their physical or chemical properties, particularly at the surface of the barrier film. Such layers or coatings can include, for example, visible light-transmissive conductive layers or electrodes (e.g., of indium tin oxide); antistatic coatings or films; flame retardants; UV stabilizers; abrasion resistant or hardcoat materials; optical coatings; anti-fogging materials; magnetic or magneto-optic coatings or films; photographic emulsions; prismatic films; holographic films or images; adhesives such as pressure sensitive adhesives or hot melt adhesives; primers to promote adhesion to adjacent layers; and low adhesion backsize materials for use when the barrier assembly is to be used in adhesive roll form. These functional components can be incorporated into one or more of the outermost layers of the barrier assembly or can be applied as a separate film or coating. Optional layers can also include �getter� or �desiccant� layers functionally incorporated within or adjacent to the barrier coating; examples of such layers are described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/948,013 and 10/948,011, which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth. Getter layers include layers with materials that absorb or deactivate oxygen, and desiccant layers include layers with materials that absorb or deactivate water. Other optional layers include one or more inorganic barrier layers. The inorganic barrier layers, when multiple such layers are used, do not have to be the same. A variety of inorganic barrier materials can be employed. Preferred inorganic barrier materials include metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal oxynitrides, metal oxyborides, and combinations thereof, e.g., silicon oxides such as silica, aluminum oxides such as alumina, titanium oxides such as titania, indium oxides, tin oxides, indium tin oxide (�ITO�), tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, boron nitride, aluminum oxynitride, silicon oxynitride, boron oxynitride, zirconium oxyboride, titanium oxyboride, and combinations thereof. Indium tin oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and combinations thereof are especially preferred inorganic barrier materials. ITO is an example of a special class of ceramic materials that can become electrically conducting with the proper selection of the relative proportions of each elemental constituent. The inorganic barrier layers, when incorporated into the assembly, preferably are formed using techniques employed in the film metallizing art such as sputtering (e.g., cathode or planar magnetron sputtering), evaporation (e.g., resistive or electron beam evaporation), chemical vapor deposition, plating and the like. Most preferably the inorganic barrier layers are formed using sputtering, e.g., reactive sputtering. Enhanced barrier properties have been observed when the inorganic layer is formed by a high energy deposition technique such as sputtering compared to lower energy techniques such as conventional chemical vapor deposition processes. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the enhanced properties are due to the condensing species arriving at the substrate with greater kinetic energy, leading to a lower void fraction as a result of compaction. The smoothness and continuity of each inorganic barrier layer and its adhesion to the underlying layer can be enhanced by pretreatments (e.g., plasma pretreatment) such as those described above. For some applications, it may be desirable to alter the appearance or performance of the barrier assembly, such as by laminating a dyed film layer to the barrier assembly, applying a pigmented coating to the surface of the barrier assembly, or including a dye or pigment in one or more of the materials used to make the barrier assembly. The dye or pigment can absorb in one or more selected regions of the spectrum, including portions of the infrared, ultraviolet or visible spectrum. The dye or pigment can be used to complement the properties of the barrier assembly, particularly where the barrier assembly transmits some frequencies while reflecting others. The barrier assembly can be treated with, for example, inks or other printed indicia such as those used to display product identification, orientation information, advertisements, warnings, decoration, or other information. Various techniques can be used to print on the barrier assembly, such as, for example, screen printing, inkjet printing, thermal transfer printing, letterpress printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, stipple printing, laser printing, and so forth, and various types of ink can be used, including one and two component inks, oxidatively drying and UV-drying inks, dissolved inks, dispersed inks, and 100% ink systems. The barrier assemblies can also have a protective polymer topcoat. If desired, the topcoat polymer layer can be applied using conventional coating methods such as roll coating (e.g., gravure roll coating) or spray coating (e.g., electrostatic spray coating), then crosslinked using, for example, UV radiation. A pretreatment (e.g., plasma pretreatment) may be used prior to formation of the topcoat polymer layer. The desired chemical composition and thickness of the topcoat polymer layer will depend in part on the nature and surface topography of the underlying layer(s), the hazards to which the barrier assembly might be exposed, and applicable device requirements. The topcoat polymer layer thickness preferably is sufficient to provide a smooth, defect-free surface that will protect the underlying layers from ordinary hazards. General Techniques for Coating of Layers The polymer layers can be formed by applying a layer of a monomer or oligomer to the substrate and crosslinking the layer to form the polymer in situ, e.g., by flash evaporation and vapor deposition of a radiation-crosslinkable monomer, followed by crosslinking using, for example, an electron beam apparatus, UV light source, electrical discharge apparatus or other suitable device. Coating efficiency can be improved by cooling the support. The monomer or oligomer can also be applied to the substrate using conventional coating methods such as roll coating (e.g., gravure roll coating) or spray coating (e.g., electrostatic spray coating), then crosslinked as set out above. The polymer layers can also be formed by applying a layer containing an oligomer or polymer in solvent and drying the thus-applied layer to remove the solvent. Plasma polymerization may also be employed if it will provide a polymeric layer having a glassy state at an elevated temperature, with a glass transition temperature greater than or equal to that of HSPET. Most preferably, the polymer layers are formed by flash evaporation and vapor deposition followed by crosslinking in situ, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,696,719 (Bischoff), U.S. Pat. No. 4,722,515 (Ham), U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,893 (Yializis et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 4,954,371 (Yializis), U.S. Pat. No. 5,018,048 (Shaw et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,032,461 (Shaw et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,097,800 (Shaw et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,125,138 (Shaw et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,440,446 (Shaw et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,908 (Furuzawa et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,045,864 (Lyons et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,939 (Shaw et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,214,422 (Yializis); in published PCT Application No. WO 00/26973 (Delta V Technologies, Inc.); in D. G. Shaw and M. G. Langlois, �A New Vapor Deposition Process for Coating Paper and Polymer Webs�, 6th International Vacuum Coating Conference (1992); in D. G. Shaw and M. G. Langlois, �A New High Speed Process for Vapor Depositing Acrylate Thin Films: An Update�, Society of Vacuum Coaters 36th Annual Technical Conference Proceedings (1993); in D. G. Shaw and M. G. Langlois, �Use of Vapor Deposited Acrylate Coatings to Improve the Barrier Properties of Metallized Film�, Society of Vacuum Coaters 37th Annual Technical Conference Proceedings (1994); in D. G. Shaw, M. Roehrig, M. G. Langlois and C. Sheehan, �Use of Evaporated Acrylate Coatings to Smooth the Surface of Polyester and Polypropylene Film Substrates�, RadTech (1996); in J. Affinito, P. Martin, M. Gross, C. Coronado and E. Greenwell, �Vacuum deposited polymer/metal multilayer films for optical application�, Thin Solid Films 270, 43-48 (1995); and in J. D. Affinito, M. E. Gross, C. A. Coronado, G. L. Graff, E. N. Greenwell and P. M. Martin, �Polymer-Oxide Transparent Barrier Layers�, Society of Vacuum Coaters 39th Annual Technical Conference Proceedings (1996). Manufacturing Process Display Device with Barrier Light emitting structure 220 is formed on barrier assembly 210 in contact with the outer ITO layer. Structure 220 contains a plurality of layers (not individually shown in The invention will now be described with reference to the following non-limiting examples. A UV-curable polymer solution was made containing 100 grams of epoxy acrylate, commercially available from UCB Chemicals, Smyrna, Ga. under the trade designation �Ebecryl 629�; 2 grams of 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl ketone, commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Tarrytown, N.Y. under the trade designation �Irgacure184� dissolved in 1000 grams of methyl ethyl ketone. The resulting solution was coated at a web speed of 20 ft/min on a 6.5 inch wide, 100 micron polyethylene terephthalate (�PET�) liner commercially available from Teijin Corp., Japan under the trade designation �HSPE 100� using a microgravure coater commercially available from Yasui Seiki, Japan under the trade designation �Model CAG150� fitted with a 90R knurl. The coating was dried in-line at 70� C. and cured under a nitrogen atmosphere with UV lamp commercially available from Fusion UV systems, Gaithersburg, Md. under the trade designation �F-600 Fusion D UV lamp� operating at 100% power, resulting in a dried coating thickness of approximately 1.2 microns. The polymer coated web described above was loaded into the vacuum chamber of the coating system used to make DLG coating shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,594 and pumped down to approximately 1 mTorr. The reactive gases were introduced into the chamber and RF power was applied to the drum. The web speed was adjusted to achieve the desired coating thickness. A second polymer layer was coated over the first DLG coating according to same conditions as the first polymer layer except a 110R knurl was used which resulted in the polymer layer thickness of approximately 0.7 microns. Table 2 describes the deposition conditions for DLG coating and the MVTR of the resulting barrier coatings that were made in this chamber. Barrier coatings were also made using reactive sputtering process for comparison purposes. PET web coated with the first polymer layer was coated with SiOx coating deposited under conditions shown in Table 3. A second polymer layer was coated over the first SiOx layer and a second SiOx layer was then coated over the second polymer layer. The deposition conditions and MVTR of coatings made by the reactive sputtering process are listed in Table 3.
The effect of the diamond-like film deposition conditions was established by depositing a two-dyad stack of solution coated acrylate and a diamond-like film. In particular, referring to The primary variables explored in the study of the sample were as follows: (1) tetramethylsilane (TMS)/oxygen ratio and plasma power; (2) plasma power; and (3) deposition time (thickness) of the DLG film. Sixteen different conditions were studied as shown in Table 4 below, and the moisture barrier properties of these films was measured for each of these conditions at 50� C. The MVTR values are shown in the last column in Table 4 below. From these results, it may be seen that there were several conditions that yield MVTR values that are at or below the detection limit of the Mocon tester at 50� C. Additional significant points were as follows. For a fixed value of the TMS/O2 ratio and power, the MVTR values decrease with increasing thickness of the diamond-like film. For any fixed value of power, the MVTR values are lower at a TMS/O2 ratio of 1.0 when compared to 0.25. This means that the films with more organic content had improved barrier performance. For any fixed value of TMS/O2 ratio and thickness, the MVTR values were slightly higher for the 2000 watts compared to 1000 watts of plasma power.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Last summer a few researchers decided they needed a helping hand.
So the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity asked LaGuardia Community College commercial photography students to take images depicting the diversity of Astoria for a study of the neighborhood.
"They were working on this project about diversity and they were completely unsuccessful with their photographs," Scott Sternbach, director of LGCC's commercial photography program, said.
Now, the 50 photographs in what became the "Astoria Project" are being displayed at the college through June before it travels to Europe, Asia and Africa.
Max Planck Institute project coordinator Anna Cieslik had read articles about the college's LIC Works project, a collection of photographs the students had captured of small businesses in Long Island City. The two projects in a way went hand in hand, so she decided to reach out to Sternbach for some help.
But beyond just needing a professional touch, Cieslik was curious about the process behind the photographs. She will be interviewing the photographers on why they took certain images later this spring.
"Apart from relying on my photos, I wanted to see the neighborhood through students' eyes, and find out how they perceive their neighborhood," Cieslek said.
The group wasn't given many guidelines, but instead simply told to show diversity in their own way, Sternbach said.
So off they went.
There are pictures of men and women on the track in Astoria Park, a Sikh in his turban, a man at a taxi stand at night, a woman walking by a grocery store with Middle Eastern foods, couples strolling the streets, people working, playing chess, waiting for the bus — a little bit of everything.
"There were so many different people on just one block," student photographer Lina Reyes said.
The students said it was a balancing act between approaching their subjects and hearing their stories — such as the retired man who likes to play bocce ball all day or the Steinway Piano Factory employee who escaped Croatia through Italy to seek refuge in the United States — or simply capturing a candid moment of individuals going about their daily lives.
"You have to have a little courage and sacrifice some of your comfort," photographer Marta Wojcik said. "You know it's a beautiful project and worth it."
Some of the photographers were chastised by Astorians weary of having their business or themselves captured on film, but for the most part people were happy to help.
For example, Reyes was chased by an older lady only to find a man wearing a fan T-shirt of her favorite Spanish-language band, that was happy to pose.
"You can't talk to everyone," Wojcik said. "You could lose who moment."
Commercial photography graduate Youngkyu Park and current student Alvaro Imbrett decided to combine their talents to take studio-like portraits of joggers at the Astoria Park track during the evening. Posing the subjects and taking the shots with a large-format camera were Imbrett's jobs, while Park did the composing, adjusted the lighting and retouched the final images. Assisting the duo was fellow classmate Olga Cherkasova.
"The biggest challenge was removing ourselves from our comfort zone to experience and manage things outside the norm," said Imbrett. "There was no studio, there were no models selected and being on location on an active track was quite challenging."
They overcame the obstacles, and the results are striking images.
"They are pure, artistic portraits," said Park. "Coming through in each photo is the runner's character and personality."
The 50 photographs in the exhibition will be in the LaGuardia Gallery of Photographic Arts on the third floor of the College's B-building at 30-20 Thomson Ave. The viewing hours are Monday through Friday from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. and on Saturdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The photographs will also be published in a book.

subset: commoncrawl


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My (Bald, Parasitic) Ex Is Everywhere
By YourTango
If you are familiar with the work of Federico Fellini, you must have seen his masterpiece, "Nights of Cabiria." It's the story of a plucky little prostitute who believes she has at last found true love right up until the moment where he steals her pocketbook and attempts to throw her off a bridge.
It is my favorite movie. I have a small but chic aluminum bucket that accompanies me to these screenings. One night at the Film Forum, I was weeping silently into it when I noticed a familiar outline five rows in front of me; a smooth, rounded skull attractively festooned with a matching set of ears, one on either side. Yakov? I thought so. Not only was the film ruined for me forever, but I sensed a certain foreboding.
The very next day, at those free Thursday nights at the Whitney Museum, the disconcerting and bald vision repeated itself, not once, but a total of eleven times. Further sightings occurred at Barnes & Noble, Staples, Lucky's Juice Joint, and (most appallingly) I Can't Believe It's Yogurt. I was hyper-vigilant, but when one turned up at my great-aunt Ruth's memorial at Temple Emmanu-El, I began to question the veracity of the sightings. Yakovs were popping up everywhere.
Any downtown street sported a handful of Yakovs, wearing black T-shirts and black Levi's. Baldly walking, baldly talking, holding their little black cell phones up to their little bald heads.
My extensive research in Yakoviana revealed the following facts: Of the 753,221 people residing in lower Manhattan, almost half of them are men. That leaves 376,610. Of these, about one fourth are too young or too old. That leaves 282,457. Of these a staggering two-thirds dress exclusively in black clothing. That leaves 188,304. Of these, my research has concluded that close to one quarter, or 47,076, are either intentionally or unintentionally, completely bald.
{C}By June, I had stopped going out of the house. On the rare occasions where I was forced to emerge to hunt for food, I took care to avoid all Radio Shacks, Duane Reade pharmacies, Banana Republics, Apple stores, movie theaters, art galleries, and avenues and/or streets perpendicular or parallel to Canal, Houston, Fourteenth and Twenty-Third Streets. All places where fresh-brewed coffee is served were off-limits as well, along with months ending in the letter "r".
It was around this time I developed a rabid aversion to hard-boiled eggs, new potatoes, and, as always, studiously avoided bowling, billiards and ping-pong.
But now it's years later, and at the time of this writing, the sightings have decreased from an all-time high, in December of 2001, of 67.3 Yakovs per week, to a mere 22.4, calculated as of last Wednesday. Herein lies the pathos of my story: although the black-clad-hairless-men trend has increased by 16 percent, comparatively few of these sightings, on closer inspection, proved to be genuine Yakovs.
On the occasions where a Yakov of the "non-clone" variety does make an appearance, usually accompanied by the female and their young, great care is taken not to disturb it, particularly during mating season. I wish them well.
Things are going well for Yakov! A few years ago he published a really lousy design book, wherein he gratefully acknowledged help and support from every single powerful person in the design world I introduced him to. He's put on a lot of weight, too, and no longer resembles anyone cute. He is not even young anymore!
I ask myself what I have learned from this experience with the Yakovs. Let me put it this way: it was a learning experience, but I didn't learn anything from it.
Well, maybe this: my future ex must be at least seven feet tall, with long Pink hair, a handlebar moustache, a few facial tattoos, and hunchbacked. Additionally, he must dress exclusively in yellow, and must speak with an Icelandic accent.
Thus, when we two are no longer as one, he will, at least, stand out in a crowd. A crowd of Yakovs.
* You were working as a waitress in a cocktail bar
When I met you
I picked you out, I shook you up, and turned you around
Turned you into someone new
Now five years later on you've got the world at your feet
Success has been so easy for you
But don't forget its me who put you where you are now
And I can put you back down too
Copyright © 2008 by Laurie Rosenwald. Laurie Rosenwald is the author of And to Name but Just a Few: Red, Yellow, Green, Blue (Blue Apple Books); New York Notebook (Chronicle Books); and the upcoming All The Wrong People Have Self-Esteem: An Inappropriate Book for Young Ladies* *or, frankly, anybody else (Bloomsbury USA).


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Master Mineral Solution (MMS) is not a drug, and it does not "treat" disease. Through oxidation MMS clears the body of pathogens – bacteria, viruses, fungus, poisons, etc. that cause disease, allowing the body to heal itself.
Jim Humble is the main source for this divine medical findings
Our dear friend Colleen McMurray a RN for over 30yrs and now Health Minister, trained with Jim Humble. Holds classes on educating people about MMS.
Excerpts from one of my youthful heros, Luke Rudkowski's speech at the Treason in America Conference @ Valley Forge Convention center, PA
LUKE U R THE MAN!!! & I hold the vision for many to listen to your messages.
copyright Drunvalo Melchizedek
copyright Drunvalo Melchizedek
Ron Sirchie
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Learn how to develop iOS and Android apps with your existing HTML skills, Dreamweaver CC, and PhoneGap.
Combines the use of Adobe InDesign and Digital Publishing Suite to add an interactive web experience to your digital magazine.
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Use Flash Professional CS5 to create a game to play on iOS devices, utilizing device hardware like the accelerometer and integration with a local database.
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What LPK do you have, and why?
This is a discussion on LPK for AR build within the Defensive Rifles & Shotgun Discussion forums, part of the Related Topics category; What LPK do you have, and why?...
What LPK do you have, and why?
Owner, Maple Leaf Firearms LLC (07 FFL/02SOT)
I had been buying Palmetto LPKs when I bought built-uppers from them. I heard that some cmmg ones were available through amazon earlier this week.
If your looking for a LPK I would suggest buying anyone you find,in todays market I saw a Bottom tier LPK on Amazon normal price $59 to $69,it was listed for $129.00
"Outside of the killings, Washington has one of the lowest crime rates in the country,"
--Mayor Marion Barry, Washington , DC .
I have RRA, because it's what I could find at the time. I don't think it matters very much in general. At a time like this - I would buy whatever you can find.
G&R tactical is all I've used on 'builds', MK12 to SBR to plain Jane KISS - all G&R
Monotony is the awful reward for the careful
How can man die better than facing fearful odds, for the ashes of his fathers and the temples of his Gods?
I have good luck with Stag/CMT kits , however get whatever you can find at this point or wait .
"In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock." Thomas Jefferson
Nemo Me Impune Lacesset
PSA, because the price was right.
I havent heard any of the journalists who volunteered to be waterboarded asking to have their fingernails wrenched out with pliers, or electrodes attached to their genitals.


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More Recipe Collections
Main Vegetarian
(8 Recipes) Created by TILLI1959
Recipes in this Collection
Very Good 4.6/5
(53 ratings)
Try this delicious and easy recipe for lentils! Submitted by CHESSAKAT Carbs: 25.3g | Fat: 8.4g | Fiber: 5.2g | Protein: 6.3g | Calories: 193.5
Delicious and nutritional non-meat alternative. I even eat a leftover serving for breakfast! Submitted by HAPPYWALKER Carbs: 27.6g | Fat: 6.1g | Fiber: 5.2g | Protein: 10.2g | Calories: 197.2
Very Good 4.6/5
(21 ratings)
Baked Eggplant, Tomatoes and Feta Submitted by ESKIMOKISSES1 Carbs: 15.7g | Fat: 8.7g | Fiber: 4.4g | Protein: 7.7g | Calories: 161.8
This soup is healthy and deliciously flavorful thanks to the curry and creamy coconut milk! Submitted by FANNETASTICFOOD Carbs: 8.4g | Fat: 2.9g | Fiber: 2.5g | Protein: 0.7g | Calories: 63.4
Very Good 4.6/5
(24 ratings)
Tasty, lowfat, high nutrition! Submitted by FAELYNN Carbs: 11.8g | Fat: 0.4g | Fiber: 4.3g | Protein: 4.2g | Calories: 63.1
Use all chickpeas if you don't have fava beans. If you use canned beans, the sodium levels will be higher so omit the salt. Submitted by STEPFANIER Carbs: 15.2g | Fat: 4.7g | Fiber: 4.6g | Protein: 4.3g | Calories: 99.7
Very Good 4.5/5
(11 ratings)
This is an adaptation of Susan Voisins' recipe at Fat Free Vegan. It is so creamy and tasty you would never pick it for Vegan. Submitted by FLOWERDALEJEWEL Carbs: 36.5g | Fat: 9.1g | Fiber: 9.5g | Protein: 15.4g | Calories: 269.3
Very Good 4.9/5
(7 ratings)
Delicious side with a protein kick Submitted by LITTLE_NIKKE Carbs: 33.5g | Fat: 7.3g | Fiber: 4.2g | Protein: 5.8g | Calories: 203


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Posts tagged: coconut oil
Coconut Oil & Honey ~ A Powerful Combination!
Jill from One Good Thing by Jillee is back with another all-natural health and beauty product. Coconut Oil and Honey make for one great team. The benefits of these two together are endless. Coconut and honey blended together make for an unbeatable myriad of homemade remedies that are beneficial for your face, skin, hair, and nails. Bonus: Use the coupon code "jillee" to get 10% any Spark Naturals essential oils order.
5 Unique Uses for Coconut Oil {Tasty Links}
The benefits and uses of coconut oil are virtually endless. When consumed, coconut oil can positively affect our hormones, improve how we handle blood sugar and boost thyroid function to increase metabolism, energy and endurance. While consuming it in food has its benefits, there are plenty of ways you can use coconut oil in your every day life that don't involve cooking.


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Alton Illinois Family History CenterEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
This article describes the services and resources available at a Family History Center, a branch facility of the Family History Library. |
Contents |
Center Contacts and Hours
Location & Map:
- Address: 6500 Humbert Rd, Godfrey, IL 62035
- Location on map
Phone: 618-466-4352
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Open Hours:
- Tuesday: 6pm to 9pm
- Wednesday: 6pm to 9pm
- Thursday: 6pm to 9pm
- First Saturday of each month from 9am to 12pm
Holiday Schedule:
- Closed 2 weeks for Christmas break.
- Closed first Saturday in April and October.
Center Resources
- Family History Library Catalog: This center has the ability to order any of the films and fiche available through the Family History Library Catalog.
- Family History Library Catalog: This center has the ability to order any of the films and fiche available through the Family History Library Catalog.
Databases and Software
- FHC Portal: This center has access to the Family History Center Portal page which gives free access in the center to premium family history software and websites that generally charge for subscriptions.
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Master Rupert F. Shonaike, born London 1947, took an early interest in the Martial Arts. He is a master of Tai Chi Chuan, chinese yoga, calisthenics and chinese boxing (soft style).
In 1961 he won the ABA Boxing Championships for London. From 1973 he trained fulltime with the late Prof. Chee Soo of the International Wu Shu Association in Tai Chi Chuan, Chinese Yoga and a soft style of Chinese Boxing. The Yang Style of Tai Chi Chuan he trained with students of the late Yang Shou Chung. In 1977 he was one of only 3 TCC trainers in Germany.
Today he runs a busy studio in the heart of Cologne where he leads teachers courses and public traings.
He also works as a Stressmanagement-Trainer with Corporations i.e since 1997 regular weekly courses at the Ford Motor Company Europe. He is also the author and producer of the 'amazon'-Bestseller DVD: Tai Chi Chuan, Cassical Yang Style in 5 Chapters.
More Information:
Walking Libraries:


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This Well Maintained, Beautiful 1949 Buick Roadmaster Series 70 Convertible, Boasts 1 Owner Tlc Since 1997. Of The Remaining Vehicles Left On The Road... More
- Dynaflash Fireball 320/150 HP inline-8 OHV engine- Dynaflow automatic transmission- Hardtop roof featured interior chromed hoops to imitate convertible top- Calvert Blue metallic... More
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This is a PreWar 1941 Buick Special Eight Sedan with the Straight 8 that is in good overall very condition, runs and drives, paint shines,... More
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1940 Buick Street Rod - Nice 70's Build Rustfree - Originally a Texas Car Unique - Take It to Both Hot Rod, Pontiac and Buick Shows Always... More
What a handsome car. It shares a lot of the same characteristics as the Cadillac. The 41 has a lower, sleeker look then the 40. ... More
The Roadmaster shared the new General Motors C body, which used closed quarters in sedan roofs and fastback sedanette styling for coupes. For 1949... More
1949 Buick Dynaflow. with straight-8 power. model 76-C Roadmaster convertible a rare two owner survivor car! , code 31 Carlsbad black with a red... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this awesome 1946 Buick Model 46S Sedanette! Clearly it looks great with the flames and blue paint... More
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This beautiful 1949 Buick Super is in excellent mechanical condition. The car runs smoothly and glides down the road like new. The exterior bright-work,... More
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**Payments as low as $798/mo. with approved credit** Domani Motor Cars is proud to present this gorgeous 1948 Buick Super Convertible! Finished in... More


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On 10/30/2011 01:23 PM, Dave Stikkolorum wrote:
Hello Dave,
Thanks! That's already a bit of an older onboard soundcard, I am not
sure how it performs when using JACK. I've come accross these AD devices
at work and if I recall correctly it doesn't do a great job. You could
try raising the sample rate to 48000. And are you using Jack1 or Jack2?
You can find that out with the terminal command jackd --version If
you're using Jack2 (so jackd version 1.9.x) you might want to try adding
the -S option to the Server Path line so that it reads /usr/bin/jackd -S
Linux-audio-tuning mailing list
LINUX® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the USA and other countries.
Linuxaudio.org logo copyright Thorsten Wilms © 2006.
Hosting provided by the Virginia Tech Department of Music and DISIS.


text: I bought a pass when we were on a recent trip to the Big Island because I wanted to continue my practice while we were there. I have a physical ailment that I'm trying to recuperate from. I took a senior class, a therapeutic class, a flow class and a relax deeply class. The teachers (2 Molly's and 1 Cat)... More


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Apache 2.0
Retrieve the latest source code from httpd.apache.org/dist/httpd; the latest version as of this writing is 2.0.35. Unpack the source code in a temporary directory:
cd /tmp tar zxvf httpd-2.0.35.tar.gz
You may now run the configure program with one or more arguments. These arguments fall into roughly four categories: 1) Into which directories should Apache be installed? 2) Which MPM do you want to use? 3) Under which user ID should CGI programs execute? 4) Which modules do you want to install? And of those, which should be installed dynamically (using shared libraries) rather than statically?
You can get a full list of configuration options by typing ./configure --help. This is particularly true if you want to include a module that isn't included by default. The biggest change in configuration is that modules now have their own options to activate them. For the simplest possible configuration that uses the "worker" MPM, type:
./configure --with-mpm=worker
Following this, run make, followed by make install. (There is no make test for Apache as of the time of this writing.) By default, Apache 2.0 is installed into /usr/local/apache2. You can start it using the same program as Apache 1.x, apachectl, which is normally in /usr/local/apache2/bin/:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl startThe server will soon start up. HTML documents will normally be kept in /usr/local/apache2/htdocs, so you should already be able to put HTML documents there and view them.
Apache's runtime configuration remains dependent on a text file, normally called httpd.conf. If you are familiar with Apache 1.x, then you will be happy to know that almost all of the existing directives will continue to work. The main directives that you will have to learn are those that pertain to threading, assuming that you use the worker or perchild MPMs.
When the Apache Software Foundation announced Apache 2.0, the announcement explicitly said that the new version is the most stable and recommended version for production use. And for the most part, I believe them; www.apache.org receives many more requests per day than my server, and they have been running Apache 2.0 beta versions for over a year. Thus, it's safe to say that Apache 2.0 is stable enough for most sites to use.
The main reason to avoid switching to Apache 2.0 at this point is if you need mod_perl or PHP; they are currently still in testing but will probably be available by the time you read this.
As I mentioned above, however, it's hard to get threading right, and this is particularly true in Perl, which has experimented with a number of threading models in the last few years. If you have compiled Perl with ithreads, then you can use it to create a mod_perl for Apache 2.0 that uses the worker or perchild MPMs. But just how stable this configuration will be remains to be seen; it may well be that mod_perl users will choose to stick with the prefork MPM for now, until the dust settles a bit.
Apache 2.0 comes with more of everything that a web developer would want—more modules, more flexibility and greater speed. If you haven't yet tried Apache 2.0, I encourage you to download it and test it with your site's configuration to verify that it will be a good choice.
email: email@example.com
Reuven M. Lerner is a consultant specializing in web/database applications and open-source software. His book, Core Perl, was published in January 2002 by Prentice Hall.
As Linux continues to play an ever increasing role in corporate data centers and institutions, ensuring the integrity and protection of these systems must be a priority. With 60% of the world's websites and an increasing share of organization's mission-critical workloads running on Linux, failing to stop malware and other advanced threats on Linux can increasingly impact an organization's reputation and bottom line.
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Most companies incorporate backup procedures for critical data, which can be restored quickly if a loss occurs. However, fewer companies are prepared for catastrophic system failures, in which they lose all data, the entire operating system, applications, settings, patches and more, reducing their system(s) to "bare metal." After all, before data can be restored to a system, there must be a system to restore it to.
In this one hour webinar, learn how to enhance your existing backup strategies for better disaster recovery preparedness using Storix System Backup Administrator (SBAdmin), a highly flexible bare-metal recovery solution for UNIX and Linux systems.
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recipe reviews for:
"A classic recipe for collard greens that uses smoked turkey to add some flavor. Greens are simmered in chicken stock, then spiced with a dash of red chile flakes."
Cooking Level: Expert
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Collard greens simmer with a smoked turkey drumstick.
See how to make big-flavored Southern greens.
A foolproof method to cook beets and beet greens.


text:
Start learning with our library of video tutorials taught by experts. Get started
Explore how to load dynamic content from JavaScript and jQuery using AJAX methods.
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Most Popular
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The principle themes of today's meeting were "the Church in today's world, the New Evangelization, the Holy See, the dicasteries and their relations with the bishops, and what's beginning to emerge is a profile of the next Pope," Father Federico Lombardi told the press March 6.
For the first time, a recommended limit of five minutes was placed on the length of comments cardinals could make, resulting in 18 different interventions during the three-hour gathering.
Thus far cardinals from all over the world have made 51 interventions during the course of the four sessions. The College voted March 6 to add an afternoon session for Thursday, after having earlier voted to not hold them on Tuesday and Wednesday, allowing the cardinals more time to meet with each other informally.
Fr. Lombardi also provided an update on the number of cardinals present in Rome for the eventual conclave.
Yesterday four cardinals arrived at the Vatican, bringing the total number in attendance to 153. The count for cardinals who can vote in the conclave rose to 113, just two shy of the expected 115.
Polish Cardinal Kazimierz Nycz of Warsaw will be arriving today, and Cardinal Jean-Baptiste Pham Minh Man of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam will land in Rome on March 7.
As the decision on the date of the conclave to elect the new Pope nears, workers are erecting a platform in the Sistine Chapel, setting up the two stoves used to burn the ballots and send up smoke, and sewing together cloth wall hangings.
Tags: Conclave, College of Cardinals
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Back to School: Library Research for Adults II
This event has already happened. Try a search for similar upcoming events.
Small Classroom, Community Technology Center - Level 4
Going back to school as an adult can be stressful; research techniques may have changed since the last time you were a student. In part two of this two-part series, we will learn how to: use library print and database resources for test preparation; get help with technology questions; find the best internet resources for writing, citations, note taking, and study skills; learn about plagiarism and how to avoid it; employ the help of a librarian when working on research projects.


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Cozy, casual and stylish: this studded pullover definitely tops our must-own list. Made with ultra-soft lightweight fleece and cut to fit not too big and not too small, it's perfect for pairing with jeans or the matching pants. Whether you're buying for yourself or someone else, it's sure to be a new favorite.
Shipping Options:
Orders are shipped via UPS using the following rate scale:
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NOTE: No Saturday or Sunday deliveries.
No shipping to P.O.Boxes. A.P.O and F.P.O addresses are automatically shipped via
USPS Ground.
Orders placed during regular business hours (Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST) are typically processed and shipped within one business day.
We do not offer international shipping at this time.
For complete details, click here.
Easy Return Options:
Take it back to your local GUESS store for FREE or ship it back to us.
GUESS gladly accepts unworn, unwashed or defective full-priced merchandise for up to thirty days after purchase date. Original receipt, hygiene strip and tags must be attached. Unfortunately, pierced jewelry, innerwear, fragrances, lotions and items marked "final sale" are not returnable. Sale merchandise may only be returned to a store for an exchange. Shipping charges are not refundable.
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text:
First Financial Holdings, Inc. Announces Third Quarter Fiscal 2010 Results And Quarterly Dividend Payment
Compared with the quarter ended March 31, 2010, the net interest margin remained flat at 3.92% for the quarter ended June 30, 2010. Net interest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 was $31.2 million, decreasing slightly from $31.5 million for the linked quarter ended March 31, 2010. Total deposits also remained relatively stable at $2.45 billion at June 30, 2010 compared to $2.44 billion at March 31, 2010.
Mortgage banking income was $2.4 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2010, an increase of $369 thousand or 17.8% from the linked quarter ended March 31, 2010 and an increase of $1.5 million or 147.2% from the comparative quarter ended June 30, 2009. The linked and comparable quarter increases are the result of increases in the volume of loans sold due to the lower mortgage rate environment combined with the positive impact of the hedging strategies utilized to protect the value of our capitalized mortgage servicing asset from interest rate risk.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2010, the Company recognized a credit-related other than temporary impairment ("OTTI") charge totaling $311 thousand on seven collateralized debt obligation ("CDO") investments. This was down considerably from credit-related OTTI charges of $1.8 million for the linked quarter as there has been some stabilization in the CDO market. In addition, we have a recovery in value through Other Comprehensive Income from one significant corporate security previously charged off as OTTI. Total CDOs, comprised of financial institution trust preferred securities, were $4.0 million or less than 1.0% of our total investment portfolio at June 30, 2010.
Core other income, excluding impairment on investment securities and gains on disposition of assets, was $17.5 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2010 compared to $15.7 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2010 and $13.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2009. The linked quarter difference was primarily attributable to a one-time $1.5 million final settlement received from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") in conjunction with the Cape Fear Bank acquisition. Total revenues, defined as net interest income plus core other income was $48.8 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, a slight decrease from $48.9 million during the comparable quarter ended June 30, 2009.
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text:
Featured Question:
Question: Bedser achieved five ten-wicket matches in his 51 Tests, or a very good ratio of one in ten - how many bowlers with at least 50 Tests have as good or better a ratio as this?
Spider says: Actually there are only three who have a better ratio than Bedser's 9.8% - Dennis Lillee (10%), Richard Hadlee (10.5%), and Muttiah Muralitharan (16.7%). Of players with at least twenty Test appearances, Sydney Barnes is well ahead with seven from 27 Tests, or almost 26%. If we reduce the threshold all the way to ten Tests, then Tom Richardson has the best ratio with four out of 14 for almost 29%.


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Gear Review
Pokemon Master Nick Catchem
This suit was more than I was expecting. Not only was it the most comfortable suit I've ever worn but I got a ton of looks and complements. With the Volcom suit vest I one-upped everyone while looking great. Bottom line, its comfortable, looks better than anyone other suit you'll see, and gets the ladies :-)
View More Details on Volcom Stone Suit - Men's


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Thursday forum in Gary focuses on education
By Carole Carlson firstname.lastname@example.com/302-0949 May 20, 2014 4:12PM
Indiana attorney general Karen Freeman-Wilson. Post-Tribune Photo by Jeffrey D. Nicholls
If you go
What: Community forum on education
When: 5 p.m. Thursday
Where: Bergland Auditorium, Indiana University Northwest
Updated: June 23, 2014 4:02PM
GARY — Mayor Karen Freeman-Wilson is embarking on a strategy to try to boost academically struggling students.
Thursday's "community conversation" about education will focus on ways that support can be provided for the city's students to keep them from falling behind.
Gary is one of 14 cities partnering with the National League of Cities and the U.S. Department of Education to develop strategies to improve education. An agreement, signed in March, outlined three priority goals — early childhood education, after-school programs and postsecondary attainment.
Thursday's forum — led by local public, private and faith-based educators — begins at 5 p.m. in the Bruce Bergland Auditorium at the Savannah Center at Indiana University Northwest.
A breakout session on several topics such as after-school programs, college and career readiness, social services, mentoring and more will follow the forum.
Urban League president and chief executive Vanessa Allen, a former Gary Community School Corp. administrator, and Eddie Melton, an official with Northern Indiana Public Service Co., are chairing the initiative.


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Sorry, there are no Wiper Blades that fit your
2005 Toyota Corolla.
Don't be left out in the rain - get the Anco Countour Universal Wiper Blade that delivers low profile looks and superior all season performance regardless of your make and model! All Anco Contour blades include the universal KwikConnect system for easy installation on conventional hook/pin blades. Please Note: It is important to measure both driver and passenger side wipers as they may be different lengths.
Vote on helpful content and promote its author.


text:
NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- Shares of Trex Company Inc. (TREX - Get Report) are lower -10.63% to $70.97 on Monday after the company reported a decrease in net sales and net income for the 2014 first quarter.
The company, which manufactures wood and plastic composite products, reported net sales were $100.6 million versus $107.9 million for the 2013 first quarter.
Net income for the first quarter 2014 was $12.3 million, or 73 cents per diluted share, compared with $21.6 million or $1.25 per diluted share from the same period last year.
Must Read: Warren Buffett's 10 Favorite Growth Stocks
STOCKS TO BUY: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12 months. Learn more.
TheStreet Ratings team rates TREX CO INC as a Buy with a ratings score of B. TheStreet Ratings Team has this to say about their recommendation:
"We rate TREX CO INC (TREX) a BUY. This is driven by several positive factors, which we believe should have a greater impact than any weaknesses, and should give investors a better performance opportunity than most stocks we cover. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its revenue growth, impressive record of earnings per share growth, compelling growth in net income, notable return on equity and expanding profit margins. We feel these strengths outweigh the fact that the company is trading at a premium valuation based on our review of its current price compared to such things as earnings and book value." Highlights from the analysis by TheStreet Ratings Team goes as follows:- The revenue growth greatly exceeded the industry average of 7.4%. Since the same quarter one year prior, revenues rose by 37.5%. Growth in the company's revenue appears to have helped boost the earnings per share.
- TREX CO INC reported significant earnings per share improvement in the most recent quarter compared to the same quarter a year ago. The company has demonstrated a pattern of positive earnings per share growth over the past two years. We feel that this trend should continue. During the past fiscal year, TREX CO INC increased its bottom line by earning $2.00 versus $0.14 in the prior year. This year, the market expects an improvement in earnings ($2.69 versus $2.00).
- The net income growth from the same quarter one year ago has significantly exceeded that of the S&P 500 and the Building Products industry. The net income increased by 517.3% when compared to the same quarter one year prior, rising from -$3.62 million to $15.10 million.
- The company's current return on equity greatly increased when compared to its ROE from the same quarter one year prior. This is a signal of significant strength within the corporation. Compared to other companies in the Building Products industry and the overall market, TREX CO INC's return on equity significantly exceeds that of both the industry average and the S&P 500.
- 36.46% is the gross profit margin for TREX CO INC which we consider to be strong. Regardless of TREX's high profit margin, it has managed to decrease from the same period last year. Despite the mixed results of the gross profit margin, TREX's net profit margin of 23.79% significantly outperformed against the industry.
- You can view the full analysis from the report here: TREX Ratings Report
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text:
Single Serve Meals and Treats
(4 Recipes) Created by LOGOULD
Recipes in this Collection
This is a cake-type cobbler. You can use any fruit, fresh or frozen. My favorites are peaches, berries, and-- on the rare occasions when I can find them-- sour cherries. Submitted by ANARIE Carbs: 30.9g | Fat: 4.8g | Fiber: 5.7g | Protein: 3.9g | Calories: 162.7
Great healthy, filling muffin for breakfast or a snack. Submitted by NEWDEBBIE Carbs: 12.3g | Fat: 18.1g | Fiber: 9.3g | Protein: 12.4g | Calories: 237.6
I love tapioca pudding and this is the closest Raw Version I have ever found or made. Submitted by TRAVELNISTA Carbs: 43.3g | Fat: 5.5g | Fiber: 9.2g | Protein: 3.5g | Calories: 214.5
Made in a coffee cup or shallow bowl, these babies are delicious, nutritious, and so fast you will be amazed. Enjoy! Submitted by REBECCAFRIEDMAN Carbs: 11.9g | Fat: 9.6g | Fiber: 9g | Protein: 9.2g | Calories: 160.1
Send this recipe collection to a friend - http://recipes.sparkpeople.com/cookbooks.asp?cookbook=741986


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My father is an 82 year old man who knows little of his own family lineage. Clearly this is because his Great-Grandfather had 10 sons, and they somehow became seperated at an early age. This explains a whole lot. My family if of the Garrard Co. Clan of Duggins's. Several brothers settled in Bryantsville, KY. I have a wealth of information with the links for anyone interested which takes the family back to a time before Christ. The Duggins's story begins in the United States by one man from Ireland, and his name was Ellick Duggins. This is a whole lot of information, but very interesting. Thank you, Marsha E. Duggins Notify Administrator about this message?
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text:
Vegetarian Love
I am a recent convert to vegetarianism, and I love collecting new recipes.
(6 Recipes) Created by ABZDRAGON
Recipes in this Collection
Smoky from the cumin with a hidden serving of vegetables, this dip is equally delicious in a burrito as it is spread on tortilla chips. Submitted by STEPFANIER Carbs: 5.3g | Fat: 0.7g | Fiber: 1.7g | Protein: 1.7g | Calories: 32.9
These moist pancakes are lightly spiced for the palate of my young child. If you like a bit more pizzazz, you can increase the spices or add others. Cinnamon and pumpkin pie spice both work nicely here. Submitted by AASLP___ Carbs: 16.1g | Fat: 0.5g | Fiber: 1.9g | Protein: 3.3g | Calories: 74.1
Incredible! 5.0/5
(4 ratings)
Pretty much the easiest taco filling ever. A much healthier substitute for the meat in a standard taco. Submitted by ILANSTERMONSTER Carbs: 22g | Fat: 1g | Fiber: 6g | Protein: 6g | Calories: 125
Incredible! 5.0/5
(1 rating)
Submitted by BAKPAKNMAMA Carbs: 3.7g | Fat: 0.1g | Fiber: 0.5g | Protein: 3.2g | Calories: 26.8
Submitted by GINGERHL Carbs: 48.4g | Fat: 15.8g | Fiber: 7.1g | Protein: 10.8g | Calories: 369.7
Very Good 4.8/5
(4 ratings)
Serving is 1 cup Submitted by EBUROS Carbs: 19.9g | Fat: 0.4g | Fiber: 4.3g | Protein: 5.6g | Calories: 100.1
Send this recipe collection to a friend - http://recipes.sparkpeople.com/cookbooks.asp?cookbook=353654