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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Load flow analysis: Base cases, data, diagrams, and results
SciTech Connect
This report describes how an electric utility system is modeled by using load flow techniques to establish a validated power flow case suitable for simulating and evaluating alternative system scenarios. Details of the load flow model are supported by additional technical and descriptive information intended to correlate modeled electrical system parameters with the corresponding physical equipment that makes up the system. Pictures and technical specifications of system equipment from the utility, public, or vendor are provided to support this association for many system components. The report summarizes the load flow model construction, simulation, and validation and describes the general capabilities of an information query system designed to access load flow parameters and other electrical system information.
Portante, E.C.; Kavicky, J.A.; VanKuiken, J.C.; Peerenboom, J.P.
A new framework for elimination-based data flow analysis using DJ graphs
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Keywords: DJ graphs, Tarjan's interval, exhaustive and incremental data flow analysis, irreducible flowgraphs, reducible flowgraphs
Vugranam C. Sreedhar; Guang R. Gao; Yong-Fong Lee
Assessment of HTGR Helium Compressor Analysis Tool Based on Newton-Raphson Numerical Application to Through-flow Analysis
This study describes the development of a computer program for analyzing the off-design performance of axial flow helium compressors, which is one of the major concerns for the power conversion system of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). The compressor performance has been predicted by the aerodynamic analysis of meridional flow with allowances for losses. The governing equations have been derived from Euler turbomachine equation and the streamline curvature method, and then they have been merged into linearized equations based on the Newton-Raphson numerical method. The effect of viscosity is considered by empirical correlations to introduce entropy rises caused by primary loss sources. Use of the method has been illustrated by applying it to a 20-stage helium compressor of the GTHTR300 plant. As a result, the flow throughout the stages of the compressor has been predicted and the compressor characteristics have been also investigated according to the design specification. The program results show much better stability and good convergence with respect to other through-flow methods, and good agreement with the compressor performance map provided by JAEA. (authors)
Ji Hwan Kim; Hyeun Min Kim; Hee Cheon NO [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Gwahangno - 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of)
ANUDlSiTM-40 Load Flow Analysis: Base Cases, Data, Diagrams, and Results
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
ANUDlSiTM-40 ANUDlSiTM-40 Load Flow Analysis: Base Cases, Data, Diagrams, and Results by E.C. Portante, J.A. Kavicky, J.C. VanKuiken, and J.P. Peerenboom Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439 October 1997 Work sponsored by Navy Engineering Logistics Office This report is printed on recycled paper. @ DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness. or use- fulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents
Quantitative Analysis of Flow Processes in a Sand Using Synchrotron-Based X-ray Microtomography
Pore-scale multiphase flow experiments were developed to nondestructively visualize water flow in a sample of porous material using X-ray microtomography. The samples were exposed to similar boundary conditions as in a previous investigation, which examined the effect of initial flow rate on observed dynamic effects in the measured capillary pressure-saturation curves; a significantly higher residual saturation and higher capillary pressures were found when the sample was drained fast using a high air-phase pressure. Prior work applying the X-ray microtomography technique to pore-scale multiphase flow problems has been of a mostly qualitative nature and no experiments have been presented in the existing literature where a truly quantitative approach to investigating the multiphase flow process has been taken, including a thorough image-processing scheme. The tomographic images presented here show, both by qualitative comparison and quantitative analysis in the form of a nearest neighbor analysis, that the dynamic effects seen in previous experiments are likely due to the fast and preferential drainage of large pores in the sample. Once a continuous drained path has been established through the sample, further drainage of the remaining pores, which have been disconnected from the main flowing water continuum, is prevented.
Wildenschild, D.; Hopmans, J.W.; Rivers, M.L.; Kent, A.J.R. (OSU); (UCD); (UC)
Analysis of a Window-Based Flow Control Mechanism based on TCP Vegas in Heterogeneous Network Environment
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Another version of TCP called TCP Vegas has been proposed and studied in the literature. It can achieve better performance than the current TCP Reno. In our previous studies, steady-state behavior of a windowbased flow control mechanism based on TCP Vegas has been analyzed for a simple network topology. In this paper, we extend our analysis to a generic network topology where multiple bottleneck links exist. We first derive equi- librium values of a window size of a TCP connection and the number of packets waiting in a router's buffer in steady state. We also derive throughput of each TCP connection in steady state, and investigate the effect of control parameters of TCP Vegas on fairness among TCP connections. We then present several numerical examples, showing how control parameters of TCP Vegas should be configured for achieving both stability and better transient performance.
Keiichi Takagaki; Hiroyuki Ohsaki; Masayuki Murata
Model-based analysis of flow-mediated dilation and intima-media thickness
We present an end-to-end system for the automatic measurement of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and intima-media thickness (IMT) for the assessment of the arterial function. The video sequences are acquired from a B-mode echographic scanner. A spline model ...
G. Bartoli; G. Menegaz; M. Lisi; G. Di Stolfo; S. Dragoni; T. Gori
A Network-Flow-Based Scheduler: Design, Performance History, and Experimental Analysis
We describe a program that schedules physician attending teams at Denver Health Medical Center. The program uses network flow techniques to prune an exponentially sized search space. We describe the program design, its performance history at the hospital, ... Keywords: graphs, matroids, scheduling
Harold Gabow; Tadayoshi Kohno
Information flow analysis for javascript
Modern Web 2.0 pages combine scripts from several sources into a single client-side JavaScript program with almost no isolation. In order to prevent attacks from an untrusted third-party script or cross-site scripting, tracking provenance of data is ... Keywords: eval, hybrid program analysis, implicit flow, information flow control, unstructured control flow
Seth Just; Alan Cleary; Brandon Shirley; Christian Hammer
Miniaturized flow injection analysis system
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A chemical analysis technique known as flow injection analysis, wherein small quantities of chemical reagents and sample are intermixed and reacted within a capillary flow system and the reaction products are detected optically, electrochemically, or by other means. A highly miniaturized version of a flow injection analysis system has been fabricated utilizing microfabrication techniques common to the microelectronics industry. The microflow system uses flow capillaries formed by etching microchannels in a silicon or glass wafer followed by bonding to another wafer, commercially available microvalves bonded directly to the microflow channels, and an optical absorption detector cell formed near the capillary outlet, with light being both delivered and collected with fiber optics. The microflow system is designed mainly for analysis of liquids and currently measures 38.times.25.times.3 mm, but can be designed for gas analysis and be substantially smaller in construction.
Folta, James A. (Livermore, CA)
A chemical analysis technique known as flow injection analysis is described, wherein small quantities of chemical reagents and sample are intermixed and reacted within a capillary flow system and the reaction products are detected optically, electrochemically, or by other means. A highly miniaturized version of a flow injection analysis system has been fabricated utilizing microfabrication techniques common to the microelectronics industry. The microflow system uses flow capillaries formed by etching microchannels in a silicon or glass wafer followed by bonding to another wafer, commercially available microvalves bonded directly to the microflow channels, and an optical absorption detector cell formed near the capillary outlet, with light being both delivered and collected with fiber optics. The microflow system is designed mainly for analysis of liquids and currently measures 38{times}25{times}3 mm, but can be designed for gas analysis and be substantially smaller in construction. 9 figs.
Folta, J.A.
Fluid-based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED
In this paper we use jump process driven Stochastic Differential Equations to model the interactions of a set of TCP flows and Active Queue Management routers in a network setting. We show how the SDEs can be transformed into a set of Ordinary Differential ...
Vishal Misra; Wei-Bo Gong; Don Towsley
Structural analysis of network traffic flows
Network traffic arises from the superposition of Origin-Destination (OD) flows. Hence, a thorough understanding of OD flows is essential for modeling network traffic, and for addressing a wide variety of problems including traffic engineering, traffic ... Keywords: network traffic analysis, principal component analysis, traffic engineering
Anukool Lakhina; Konstantina Papagiannaki; Mark Crovella; Christophe Diot; Eric D. Kolaczyk; Nina Taft
Materials Science and Engineering B 117 (2005) 5361 Finite element analysis-based design of a fluid-flow control nano-valve
of a fluid-flow control nano-valve M. Grujicica,, G. Caoa, B. Pandurangana, W.N. Royb a Department A finite element method-based procedure is developed for the design of molecularly functionalized nano-size devices. The procedure is aimed at the single-walled carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs) used in the construction
Grujicic, Mica
DOE Hydrogen Analysis Repository: FLOW Model
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
FLOW Model FLOW Model Project Summary Full Title: Chemical Engineering Process Simulation Platform - FLOW Project ID: 131 Principal Investigator: Juan Ferrada Brief Description: FLOW is a steady-state chemical process simulator. Modules have been developed for supply chain calculations, micro-economic calculations, and other calculations. Purpose Simulate steady-state chemical processes to support hydrogen infrastructure and transition analysis. Performer Principal Investigator: Juan Ferrada Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Address: Bethel Valley 1, Bldg 5700, N217 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6166 Telephone: 865-574-4998 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Sponsor(s) Name: Fred Joseck Organization: DOE Hydrogen Program Telephone: 202-586-7932 Email: email@example.com
Infrastructure Analysis Tools: A Focus on Cash Flow Analysis (Presentation)
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
NREL has developed and maintains a variety of infrastructure analysis models for the U.S. Department of Energy. Business case analysis has recently been added to this tool set. This presentation focuses on cash flow analysis. Cash flows depend upon infrastructure costs, optimized spatially and temporally, and assumptions about financing and revenue. NREL has incorporated detailed metrics on financing and incentives into the models. Next steps in modeling include continuing to collect feedback on regional/local infrastructure development activities and 'roadmap' dynamics, and incorporating consumer preference assumptions on infrastructure to provide direct feedback between vehicles and station rollout.
Melaina, M.; Penev, M.
Evaluation of uncertainties due to hydrogeological modeling and groundwater flow analysis: Steady flow, transient flow, and thermal studies
Starting with regional geographic, geologic, surface and subsurface hydrologic, and geophysical data for the Tono area in Gifu, Japan, we develop an effective continuum model to simulate subsurface flow and transport in a 4 km by 6 km by 3 km thick fractured granite rock mass overlain by sedimentary layers. Individual fractures are not modeled explicitly. Rather, continuum permeability and porosity distributions are assigned stochastically, based on well-test data and fracture density measurements. Lithologic layering and one major fault, the Tsukiyoshi Fault, are assigned deterministically. We conduct three different studies: (1) the so-called base case, in which the model simulates the steady-state groundwater flow through the site, and then stream trace analysis is used to calculate travel times to the model boundary from specified release points; (2) simulations of transient flow during long term pump tests (LTPT) using the base-case model; and (3) thermal studies in which coupled heat flow and fluid flow are modeled, to examine the effects of the geothermal gradient on groundwater flow. The base-case study indicates that the choice of open or closed lateral boundaries has a strong influence on the regional groundwater flow patterns produced by the models, but no field data exist that can be used to determine which boundary conditions are more realistic. The LTPT study cannot be used to distinguish between the alternative boundary conditions, because the pumping rate is too small to produce an analyzable pressure response at the model boundaries. In contrast, the thermal study shows that the temperature distributions produced by the open and closed models differ greatly. Comparison with borehole temperature data may be used to eliminate the closed model from further consideration.
Doughty, Christine; Karasaki, Kenzi
Determination of Zinc-Based Additives in Lubricating Oils by Flow-Injection Analysis with Flame-AAS Detection Exploiting Injection with a Computer-Controlled Syringe
A flow-injection system is proposed for the determination of metal-based additives in lubricating oils. The system, operating under computer control uses a motorised syringe for measuring and injecting the oil sample (200 �L) in a kerosene stream, where it is dispersed by means of a packed mixing reactor and carried to an atomic absorption spectrometer which is used as detector. Zinc was used as model analyte. Two different systems were evaluated, one for low concentrations (range 0�10 ppm) and the second capable of providing higher dilution rates for high concentrations (range 0.02%�0.2 % w/w). The sampling frequency was about 30 samples/h. Calibration curves fitted a second-degree regression model (r 2 = 0.996). Commercial samples with high and low zinc levels were analysed by the proposed method and the results were compared with those obtained with the standard ASTM method. The t test for mean values showed no significant differences at the 95 % confidence level. Precision (RSD%) was better than 5 % (2 % typical) for the high concentrations system. The carryover between successive injections was found to be negligible. 1.
Gustavo Pignalosa; Mois�s Knochen; Noel Cabrera
Analysis of the Impurity Flow Reversal Experiment
Experiments performed on the Impurity Study Experiment (ISX-A) tokamak have shown that poloidally asymmetric injection of hydrogen gas can alter the inward transport of injected impurity atoms. We have compared the observed transport times and the magnitude of the flow reversal effect with a model based on the neoclassical theory of impurity transport and find that the observations are consistent with the theory. However, uncertainities in the radial profiles and the atomic rate coefficients do not permit a truly definitive test of the theory.
Burrell, K.H.; Wong, S.K.; Amano, T.
Information flow analysis of energy management in a smart grid
Information flow security within the context of multilevel security deals with ways to avoid unwanted information flow from a high level domain to a low level domain. Several confidentiality and information flow properties have been formalized in literature. ... Keywords: bisimulation based non-deducibility on compositions, confidentiality, cyber-physical system, information flow, non-inference, security
Ravi Akella; Bruce M. McMillin
Multiphase flow analysis of oil shale retorting
Several multiphase phenomena occur during oil shale retorting. An analysis is presented of two of these processes including condensation of oil shale vapor and oscillations of pressure in oil shale blocks through cracked bedding planes. Energy conservation equations for oil shale retorting, which include the effects associated with condensation of oil, are derived on the basis of two phase flow theory. It is suggested that an effective heat capacity associated with the latent heat of condensation should be included in the modeling of simulated modified in-situ oil shale retorting. A pressure propagation equation for fast transients in oil shale cracks has been derived and examined in view of existing experimental data. For slow processes, a limiting solution for maximum pressure in oil shale rocks has been obtained. Generation of high pressures in rocks by thermal or other means may lead to rock fracture which may be taken advantage of in modified in-situ oil shale processing.
Gidaspow, D.; Lyczkowski, R.W.
ESS 2012 Peer Review - New Generation Aqueous Base Redox Flow...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
New Generation Aqueous Base Redox Flow Battery Component Development Wei Wang, Qingtao Luo, Xiaoliang Wei, Bin Li, Zimin Nie, Baowei Chen, Yuyan Shao, Vijayakumar Murugesan, Amy...
Ionization based multi-directional flow sensor
A method, system, and apparatus for conducting real-time monitoring of flow (airflow for example) in a system (a hybrid power generation system for example) is disclosed. The method, system and apparatus measure at least flow direction and velocity with minimal pressure drop and fast response. The apparatus comprises an ion source and a multi-directional collection device proximate the ion source. The ion source is configured to generate charged species (electrons and ions for example). The multi-directional collection source is configured to determine the direction and velocity of the flow in real-time.
Chorpening, Benjamin T. (Morgantown, WV); Casleton, Kent H. (Morgantown, WV)
is within the bandwidth of the amplifier. This analysis also reveals that the electrical power flow through of that energy. We adopt this view in this paper. The analysis in this paper is motivated by the smart skin being Consider the flow of energy through this smart skin. Electrical energy is supplied to the smart skin from
Lindner, Douglas K.
Multiphase Flow Analysis in Hydra-TH
This talk presents an overview of the multiphase flow efforts with Hydra-TH. The presentation begins with a definition of the requirements and design principles for multiphase flow relevant to CASL-centric problems. A brief survey of existing codes and their solution algorithms is presented before turning the model formulation selected for Hydra-TH. The issues of hyperbolicity and wellposedness are outlined, and a three candidate solution algorithms are discussed. The development status of Hydra-TH for multiphase flow is then presented with a brief summary and discussion of future directions for this work.
Christon, Mark A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bakosi, Jozsef [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Francois, Marianne M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lowrie, Robert B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Nourgaliev, Robert [Idaho National Laboratory
A circuit theory based load flow tracing method considering counter-flow contribution
A new method to trace the power flow based on the converged AC power flow solution is proposed in this paper. The method is formulated by using the transmission network structure, the equivalent-current-injection and the load- equivalent-admittances ... Keywords: equivalent current injection, equivalent load impedance, generator contribution, line loss allocation
Whei-Min Lin; Tung-Sheng Zhan; Cong-Hui Huang
Ionization-Based Multi-directional Flow Sensor
Ionization-Based Multi-directional Flow Sensor Ionization-Based Multi-directional Flow Sensor Opportunity The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is seeking licensing partners interested in implementing United States Patent Number 7,523,673 entitled "Ionization Based Multi-directional Flow Sensor." Disclosed in this patent is NETL's sensor system and process for multi- directional, real-time monitoring of the flow direction and velocity of a gas stream, with minimal pressure drop, such as air flow in a hybrid power generation system. The sensor comprises an ion source accom- panied by a multidirectional ion collection device near the ion source. Possible applications include power generation and weather monitoring. Overview To optimize the performance of certain industrial processes or apparatus,
A longitudinal study of vibration-based water flow sensing
We present a long-term and cross-sectional study of a vibration-based water flow rate monitoring system in practical environments and scenarios. In our earlier research, we proved that a water flow monitoring system with vibration sensors is feasible ... Keywords: Application of sensor networks, adaptive sensor calibration, nonintrusive and spatially distributed sensing, parameter estimation via numerical optimization
Younghun Kim; Heemin Park; Mani B. Srivastava
Geographically-Based Infrastructure Analysis
Infrastructure Infrastructure Analysis Margo Melendez & Keith Parks January 26, 2006 Geographically-Based Infrastructure Analysis (GIA) Utilizes GIS, geographically segregated data, and transition expertise to add the spatial component to infrastructure analysis NREL Core Competencies * Geographic data, tools, and expertise * Flexibility to address a wide array of transition issues NREL Capability Diagram Geographically-based Infrastructure Analysis GIS Transportation Technologies & Systems Electric & Hydrogen Technologies Energy Analysis Office GIA Activities Previous and Ongoing * HYDS ME - Evaluates best infrastructure options * Interstate Infrastructure Analysis - Minimal infrastructure to facilitate interstate travel during transition New Analyses * Quantifying transitional hydrogen demand
Power flow analysis for amplifier design and energy harvesting
Power flow analysis for amplifier design and energy harvesting Nikola Vujica, Donald J. Leoa strategies which will provide an electrical energy regeneration. In this case, the power is flowing from to the electrical side which may have the ability to store (regenerate) this energy. The ability of energy storage
Energy flow analysis for curved beams
This paper presents an energy model for the medium- and high-frequency analysis of Love�Kirchhoff curved beams. This model introduced by Nefske and Sung [Statistical Energy Analysis NCA 3
A. Le Bot; M. N. Ichchou; L. Jezequel
The Objective Analysis of Planetary-Scale Flow
Forecast in the medium and longer range requires an accurate forecast of the scale flow. An accurate large-scale forecast requires an accurate, large-scale, initial, objective analysis. The present study examines the accuracy of large objective ...
Roger Daley; Werner Wergen; Gerard Cats
Belief-based risk analysis
This paper describes a method for risk analysis based on the approach used in CRAMM, but instead of using discrete measures for threats and vulnerabilities and look-up tables to derive levels of risk, it uses subjective beliefs about threats and vulnerabilities ... Keywords: belief calculus, risk analysis, security
Audun J�sang; Daniel Bradley; Svein J. Knapskog
An Axial-Flow Cyclone for Aircraft-Based Cloud Water Sampling
A new aircraft-based cloud water collection system has been developed to provide samples of cloud water for chemical analysis. The collection system makes use of centrifugal separation in an axial-flow cyclone to remove cloud drops from the ...
Derek J. Straub; Jeffrey L. Collett Jr.
Recent Advances in Laser-based Diagnostics for Gaseous Flows
Laser-based diagnostic techniques offer unique capabilities for experimentation on gaseous flows. In this paper, we overview recent progress of two concepts: spectrally resolved absorption and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging. The absorption ... Keywords: PLIF, absorption spectroscopy, acetone, combustion control, diode laser, hypersonic, supersonic
R. Hanson; D. Baer; C. Morris; M. Thurber; E. Furlong; S. Wehe
Flow Analysis on a Limited Volume Chilled Water System
LANL Currently has a limited volume chilled water system for use in a glove box, but the system needs to be updated. Before we start building our new system, a flow analysis is needed to ensure that there are no high flow rates, extreme pressures, or any other hazards involved in the system. In this project the piping system is extremely important to us because it directly affects the overall design of the entire system. The primary components necessary for the chilled water piping system are shown in the design. They include the pipes themselves (perhaps of more than one diameter), the various fitting used to connect the individual pipes to form the desired system, the flow rate control devices (valves), and the pumps that add energy to the fluid. Even the most simple pipe systems are actually quite complex when they are viewed in terms of rigorous analytical considerations. I used an 'exact' analysis and dimensional analysis considerations combined with experimental results for this project. When 'real-world' effects are important (such as viscous effects in pipe flows), it is often difficult or impossible to use only theoretical methods to obtain the desired results. A judicious combination of experimental data with theoretical considerations and dimensional analysis are needed in order to reduce risks to an acceptable level.
Zheng, Lin [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Cooperative Transmission in a Wireless Cluster based on Flow Management
In this paper, a cooperative transmission design for a general multi-node half-duplex wireless cluster network is presented. It is assumed that the nodes operate in half-duplex mode and that channel information is available at the nodes. The proposed design involves solving a convex flow optimization problem on a graph that models the cluster network. A much simpler generalized-link selection protocol based on the above design is also presented. Both the proposed flow-optimized protocol and the generalized-link selection protocol are shown to achieve the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) for the cluster network. Moreover, simulation results are presented to quantify the gap between the performances of the proposed protocols and that of a max-flow-min-cut type bound, in terms of outage probability.
Chatterjee, Debdeep; Lok, Tat M
132 vii Abstract Dynamic Information Flow Analysis forImplementation in Firefox 14 Information Flow Policy VProgramming languages for information security. PhD thesis,
Austin, Thomas Howard
An analysis of the dynamics of a check valve disc under the influence of a flow transient is presented. The impact velocities of the disc and the pressure surge resulting from extinguishing a fluid velocity are predicted. This analysis develops the equations of motion of a simple swing disc check valve from Newton's Second Law. Modifications of the analysis necessary for application to other types of valves are described. The developed equations are progiammed for the Philco-2000 digital computer in FORTRAN as the SLAM Code. The Code input consists of the characteristics of the valve and the flow transient. The output of the code includes the dynamics of the valve disc as a function of time and the pressure surge induced by valve closure. (H.G.G.)
Fuls, G.M.
Research on Resource Value Flow Accounting Based on Circular Economy for Coal-fired Power Plant
This paper presents the methodology of resource value flow accounting developed for a study which combined material flow analysis?MFA? for the coal-fired power generation plant, in order to shed light on concepts such as resource productivity ... Keywords: Circular economy, Coal-fired power plant, Material flow analysis, Resource value flow accounting
Xie Zhiming; Yi Xuan
Event-plane flow analysis without nonflow effects
The event-plane method, which is widely used to analyze anisotropic flow in nucleus-nucleus collisions, is known to be biased by nonflow effects, especially at high p{sub t}. Various methods (cumulants, Lee-Yang zeros) have been proposed to eliminate nonflow effects, but their implementation is tedious, which has limited their application so far. In this article, we show that the Lee-Yang-zeroes method can be recast in a form similar to the standard event-plane analysis. Nonflow correlations are strongly suppressed by using the information from the length of the flow vector, in addition to the event-plane angle. This opens the way to improved analyses of elliptic flow and azimuthally sensitive observables at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider.
Bilandzic, Ante; Kolk, Naomi van der [Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam (Netherlands); Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht (Netherlands); Ollitrault, Jean-Yves [Institut de Physique Theorique, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex (France); Snellings, Raimond [Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht (Netherlands)
Non-Darcy flow analysis through tight sand formations
An experimental setup was designed and constructed to measure the flow parameters through tight sand porous media. The two kinds of coreholders being used are Hassler-type and one in which the core sample is encapsulated in layers of epoxy resin and metal alloy. A gas flow measuring system was also developed for accurately measuring very low gas flow rates. Using Darcy's Law as a tool for analysis of the experimental data, we obtained that the gas permeability of the SFE No. 3 (Staged Field Experiment No. 3) core samples is a linear function of reciprocal mean pressure, and decreases with overburden pressure. The water permeability is also decreased with overburden pressure and is about 6 times smaller than gas permeability for the samples that we have tested. No significant hysteresis effect was obtained for dry gas permeability after several two phase flow runs. We successfully tested our encapsulated coreholder and measured gas flow rate through a tight sand core sample at different pressure drops. The results showed that the experimental runs using Hassler-type coreholder at overburden pressures higher than 2000 psig will probably give us the reliable experimental data. The experimental data obtained from the two different types of tight sandstones were analyzed using the Non-Darcy flow equation. The results showed the importance and reliability of the Non-Darcy formulation for describing the flow behavior under different overburden and system pressures. Non-Darcy's velocity for both gas and liquid phase were incorporated into an existing FORTRAN code for simulation of the tight gas reservoirs. The modified program was tested to compare the initial production data of SFE No. 2 well. Our simulation showed in the case of local turbulence and non-uniformities in the tight sand formation, the value of [beta] increases and Non-Darcy effect becomes important.
Wang, Ching-Huei.
AnalyzeHOLE: An Integrated Wellbore Flow Analysis Tool
Conventional interpretation of flow logs assumes that hydraulic conductivity is directly proportional to flow change with depth. However, well construction can significantly alter the expected relation between changes in fluid velocity and hydraulic conductivity. Strong hydraulic conductivity contrasts between lithologic intervals can be masked in continuously screened wells. Alternating intervals of screen and blank casing also can greatly complicate the relation between flow and hydraulic properties. More permeable units are not necessarily associated with rapid fluid-velocity increases. Thin, highly permeable units can be misinterpreted as thick and less permeable intervals or not identified at all. These conditions compromise standard flow-log interpretation because vertical flow fields are induced near the wellbore. AnalyzeHOLE, an integrated wellbore analysis tool for simulating flow and transport in wells and aquifer systems, provides a better alternative for simulating and evaluating complex well-aquifer system interaction. A pumping well and adjacent aquifer system are simulated with an axisymmetric, radial geometry in a two-dimensional MODFLOW model. Hydraulic conductivities are distributed by depth and estimated with PEST by minimizing squared differences between simulated and measured flows and drawdowns. Hydraulic conductivity can vary within a lithology but variance is limited with regularization. Transmissivity of the simulated system also can be constrained to estimates from single-well, pumping tests. Water-quality changes in the pumping well are simulated with simple mixing models between zones of differing water quality. These zones are differentiated by backtracking thousands of particles from the well screens with MODPATH. An Excel spreadsheet is used to interface the various components of AnalyzeHOLE by (1) creating model input files, (2) executing MODFLOW, MODPATH, PEST, and supporting FORTRAN routines, and (3) importing and graphically displaying pertinent results.
Keith J. Halford
Intelligent Cruise Control design based on a traffic flow specification
The principal objectives of the Automated Highway graphics. System (AHS), an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technology, are to increase the safety and through-put of the existing highway by traffic automation. Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) play a key role in traffic automation. Central to the Development of AVCS for vehicles is the design of an Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) system that automates the task of maintaining a safe following distance. A properly designed ICC system has the potential to smooth traffic flows and increase the traffic flow capacity of the existing highway. Near term applications of AVCS cannot rely on communication between vehicles to maintain a safe following system. In an Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control (AICC) Systems, the throttle and brake are controlled by a computer based on onboard sensory information, and the steering task is manually controlled. AICC systems proposed so far do not consider their impact on the traffic flow stability. In this thesis, an AICC system is synthesized from a traffic flow specification on stability and capacity. Analytical results of this thesis are verified by numerical simulations.
Huandra, Rusli
Analysis and design of axisymmetric transonic flow with linearized three-dimensional flow prediction
The primary goal of this thesis is the application of the proven stream-surface based Newton method to analysis/design of an axisymmetric nacelle with the actuator disk modeling of a fan. And to further utilize the benefits ...
Ahn, Jon
Analysis and testing the performance of a centrifugal two phase flow separator
Analysis and testing the performance of an 8 in., 1.72 ft high centrifugal cyclone separator for flows up to 4.0 lbs/s and pressures ranging from 10 to 60 psig. Conclusions drawn are based on inlet steam qualities of 23 to 27 percent (x% = m/sub s//m /sub t/) .99% and better steam quality is achieved up to 3 lbs/s under 50 and 60 psig. Breakdown flow rate is found to be a linear function of separator pressure.
Mirza-Moghadam, A.V.
This paper presents a GIS-based 1-d distributed overland flow model and summarizes an application to simulate a flood event. The model estimates infiltration using the Green-Ampt approach and routes excess rainfall using the 1-d diffusive wave approximation. The model was designed to use readily available topographic, soils, and land use/land cover data and rainfall predictions from a meteorological model. An assessment of model performance was performed for a small catchment and a large watershed, both in urban environments. Simulated runoff hydrographs were compared to observations for a selected set of validation events. Results confirmed the model provides reasonable predictions in a short period of time.
KALYANAPU, ALFRED [Los Alamos National Laboratory; MCPHERSON, TIMOTHY N. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; BURIAN, STEVEN J. [NON LANL
Chemistry Resolved Kinetic Flow Modeling of TATB Based Explosives
Detonation waves in insensitive, TATB based explosives are believed to have multi-time scale regimes. The initial burn rate of such explosives has a sub-microsecond time scale. However, significant late-time slow release in energy is believed to occur due to diffusion limited growth of carbon. In the intermediate time scale concentrations of product species likely change from being in equilibrium to being kinetic rate controlled. They use the thermo-chemical code CHEETAH linked to an ALE hydrodynamics code to model detonations. They term their model chemistry resolved kinetic flow as CHEETAH tracks the time dependent concentrations of individual species in the detonation wave and calculates EOS values based on the concentrations. A HE-validation suite of model simulations compared to experiments at ambient, hot, and cold temperatures has been developed. They present here a new rate model and comparison with experimental data.
Vitello, P A; Fried, L E; Howard, W M; Levesque, G; Souers, P C
Complexity analysis of the turbulent environmental fluid flow time series
We have used the Kolmogorov complexities, sample and permutation entropies to quantify the randomness degree in river flow time series of two mountain rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing the turbulent environmental fluid, for the period 1926-1990. In particular, we have examined the monthly river flow time series from two rivers (Miljacka and Bosnia) in mountain part of their flow and then calculated the Kolmogorov Complexity (KL) based on the Lempel-Ziv Algorithm (LZA) (Lower - KLL and Upper - KLU), Sample Entropy (SE) and Permutation Entropy (PE) values for each time series. The results indicate that the KLL, KLU, SE and PE values in two rivers are close to each other regardless of the amplitude differences in their monthly flow rates. We have illustrated the changes in mountain river flow complexity by experiments using (i) the data set for the Bosnia River and (ii) anticipated human activities and projected climate changes. We have explored the sensitivity of considered measures in dependence on the length of time series. In addition, we have divided the period 1926-1990 into three sub-intervals: (a) 1926-1945, (b)1946-1965 and (c)1966-1990, and calculated the KLL, KLU, SE and PE values for the various time series in these sub-intervals. It is found that during the period 1946-1965, there is a decrease in their complexities, and corresponding changes in the SE and PE, in comparison to the period 1926-1990. This complexity loss may be primarily attributed to (i) human interventions, after Second World War, on these rivers because of their use for water consumption and (ii) climate change in recent time.
Dragutin T. Mihailovic; Emilija Nikolic-Djoric; Nusret Dreskovic; Gordan Mimic
Analysis of a flow metering device for low-quality steam-water flows. Final report
The goal of this project is to investigate the potential of the meter configuration consisting of a sharp-edged contraction section followed by an extended length of constant area duct and finally a diffuser section for pressure recovery. This and two other configurations were tested. These configurations and the reasons underlying their selection are described and discussed. It is concluded that Murdock's correlation for steam/water flow through orifices and sudden contraction sections at low qualities is invalid and the metering scheme based on it is inoperative. (MHR)
Crowe, C.T.
Pseudo three-dimensional vision-based nail-fold morphological and hemodynamic analysis
In this study, a Pseudo three-dimensional Vision-based Nail-fold Morphological and Hemodynamic Analysis (PTVNMHA) is proposed to automatically extract morphological/hemodynamic features from a microscopic nail-fold image sequence, reconstruct the corresponding ... Keywords: Blood flow rate, Blood flow velocity, Finger nail-fold morphological/hemodynamic analysis, Microcirculation, Pseudo three-dimensional capillary reconstruction
Lun-Chien Lo; Ker-Cheng Lin; Yuan-Nian Hsu; Tsung-Po Chen; John Y. Chiang; Yung-Fu Chen; Yin-Tso Liu
A New Flow Diagramming Scheme For Mapping And Analysis Of Multi-Product Flows In A Facility
The design of layouts for facilities that process a high variety of products requires the analysis of a large number of different product routings and their spatial representation on a planar layout of the facility. Traditionally, the representations ... Keywords: Material flow analysis, cascading flowlines, cluster analysis, facility layout, modified multi-product process chart (MM-PPC), string alignment
Jin Zhou; Shahrukh A. Irani
Simulation analysis of within-day flow fluctuation effects on trout below flaming Gorge Dam.
In addition to being renewable, hydropower has the advantage of allowing rapid load-following, in that the generation rate can easily be varied within a day to match the demand for power. However, the flow fluctuations that result from load-following can be controversial, in part because they may affect downstream fish populations. At Flaming Gorge Dam, located on the Green River in northeastern Utah, concern has been raised about whether flow fluctuations caused by the dam disrupt feeding at a tailwater trout fishery, as fish move in response to flow changes and as the flow changes alter the amount or timing of the invertebrate drift that trout feed on. Western Area Power Administration (Western), which controls power production on submonthly time scales, has made several operational changes to address concerns about flow fluctuation effects on fisheries. These changes include reducing the number of daily flow peaks from two to one and operating within a restricted range of flows. These changes significantly reduce the value of the power produced at Flaming Gorge Dam and put higher load-following pressure on other power plants. Consequently, Western has great interest in understanding what benefits these restrictions provide to the fishery and whether adjusting the restrictions could provide a better tradeoff between power and non-power concerns. Directly evaluating the effects of flow fluctuations on fish populations is unfortunately difficult. Effects are expected to be relatively small, so tightly controlled experiments with large sample sizes and long study durations would be needed to evaluate them. Such experiments would be extremely expensive and would be subject to the confounding effects of uncontrollable variations in factors such as runoff and weather. Computer simulation using individual-based models (IBMs) is an alternative study approach for ecological problems that are not amenable to analysis using field studies alone. An IBM simulates how a population responds to environmental changes by representing how the population's individuals interact with their environment and each other. IBMs represent key characteristics of both individual organisms (trout, in this case) and the environment, thus allowing controlled simulation experiments to analyze the effects of changes in the key variables. For the flow fluctuation problem at Flaming Gorge Dam, the key environmental variables are flow rates and invertebrate drift concentrations, and the most important processes involve how trout adapt to changes (over space and time) in growth potential and mortality risk. This report documents simulation analyses of flow fluctuation effects on trout populations. The analyses were conducted in a highly controlled fashion: an IBM was used to predict production (survival and growth) of trout populations under a variety of scenarios that differ only in the level or type of flow fluctuation.
Railsback, S. F.; Hayse, J. W.; LaGory, K. E.; Environmental Science Division; EPRI
Notes on Newton-Krylov based Incompressible Flow Projection Solver
The purpose of the present document is to formulate Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov algorithm for approximate projection method used in Hydra-TH code. Hydra-TH is developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) under the auspices of the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light-Water Reactors (CASL) for thermal-hydraulics applications ranging from grid-to-rod fretting (GTRF) to multiphase flow subcooled boiling. Currently, Hydra-TH is based on the semi-implicit projection method, which provides an excellent platform for simulation of transient single-phase thermalhydraulics problems. This algorithm however is not efficient when applied for very slow or steady-state problems, as well as for highly nonlinear multiphase problems relevant to nuclear reactor thermalhydraulics with boiling and condensation. These applications require fully-implicit tightly-coupling algorithms. The major technical contribution of the present report is the formulation of fully-implicit projection algorithm which will fulfill this purpose. This includes the definition of non-linear residuals used for GMRES-based linear iterations, as well as physics-based preconditioning techniques.
Robert Nourgaliev; Mark Christon; J. Bakosi
Second law analysis for a variable viscosity plane Poiseuille flow with asymmetric convective cooling
A second-law analysis of a pressure-driven variable viscosity fluid flow through a channel with asymmetric convective cooling at the walls is investigated. Flow is assumed to be steady, laminar and fully-developed. The effect of heat generation due to ... Keywords: Asymmetric convective cooling, Entropy generation analysis, Poiseuille flow, Variable viscosity
O. D. Makinde; A. Aziz
A Flow-Channel Analysis for the Mars Hopper
The Mars Hopper is an exploratory vehicle designed to fly on Mars using carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere as a rocket propellant. The propellent gasses are thermally heated while traversing a radioisotope ther- mal rocket (RTR) engine�s core. This core is comprised of a radioisotope surrounded by a heat capacitive material interspersed with tubes for the propellant to travel through. These tubes, or flow channels, can be manu- factured in various cross-sectional shapes such as a special four-point star or the traditional circle. Analytical heat transfer and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) anal- yses were performed using flow channels with either a circle or a star cross- sectional shape. The nominal total inlet pressure was specified at 2,805,000 Pa; and the outlet pressure was set to 2,785,000 Pa. The CO2 inlet tem- perature was 300 K; and the channel wall was 1200 K. The steady-state CFD simulations computed the smooth-walled star shape�s outlet temper- ature to be 959 K on the finest mesh. The smooth-walled circle�s outlet temperature was 902 K. A circle with a surface roughness specification at 0.01 mm gave 946 K and at 0.1 mm yielded 989 K. The The effects of a slightly varied inlet pressure were also examined. The analytical calculations were based on the mass flow rates computed in the CFD simulations and provided significantly higher outlet temperature results while displaying the same comparison trends. Research relating to the flow channel heat transfer studies was also done. Mathematical methods to geometrically match the cross-sectional areas of the circle and star, along with a square and equilateral triangle, were derived. A Wolfram Mathematica 8 module was programmed to analyze CFD results using Richardson Extrapolation and calculate the grid convergence index (GCI). A Mathematica notebook, also composed, computes and graphs the bulk mean temperature along a flow channel�s length while the user dynam- ically provides the input variables, allowing their effects on the temperature to be more easily observed.
W. Spencer Cooley
A finite element analysis modeling tool for solid oxide fuel cell development: coupled electrochemistry, thermal and flow analysis in MARC�
A 3D simulation tool for modeling solid oxide fuel cells is described. The tool combines the versatility and efficiency of a commercial finite element analysis code, MARC{reg_sign}, with an in-house developed robust and flexible electrochemical (EC) module. Based upon characteristic parameters obtained experimentally and assigned by the user, the EC module calculates the current density distribution, heat generation, and fuel and oxidant species concentration, taking the temperature profile provided by MARC{reg_sign} and operating conditions such as the fuel and oxidant flow rate and the total stack output voltage or current as the input. MARC{reg_sign} performs flow and thermal analyses based on the initial and boundary thermal and flow conditions and the heat generation calculated by the EC module. The main coupling between MARC{reg_sign} and EC is for MARC{reg_sign} to supply the temperature field to EC and for EC to give the heat generation profile to MARC{reg_sign}. The loosely coupled, iterative scheme is advantageous in terms of memory requirement, numerical stability and computational efficiency. The coupling is iterated to self-consistency for a steady-state solution. Sample results for steady states as well as the startup process for stacks with different flow designs are presented to illustrate the modeling capability and numerical performance characteristic of the simulation tool.
Khaleel, Mohammad A.; Lin, Zijing; Singh, Prabhakar; Surdoval, Wayne; Collin, D
1992 Columbia River Salmon Flow Measures Options Analysis/EIS.
This Options Analysis/Environmental Impact Statement (OA/EIS) identifies, presents effects of, and evaluates the potential options for changing instream flow levels in efforts to increase salmon populations in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers. The potential actions would be implemented during 1992 to benefit juvenile and adult salmon during migration through eight run-of-river reservoirs. The Corps of Engineers (Corps) prepared this document in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration and the Bureau of Reclamation. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FSWS) is a participating agency. The text and appendices of the document describe the characteristics of 10 Federal projects and one private water development project in the Columbia River drainage basin. Present and potential operation of these projects and their effects on the salmon that spawn and rear in the Columbia and Snake River System are presented. The life history, status, and response of Pacific salmon to current environmental conditions are described.
Not Available
The vertical axis wind turbine studied in this paper combine two rotations: one rotating movement of each blade around its own axis and one rotating movement around turbine�s axis. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of this two combine movements on fields of pressure and on global forces on each blade with time. Preliminary calculations showed, for some initial blade stagger angles (angle between blade 1 and x axis), that flow is highly unsteady and sometimes hardly periodic. The main goal here is to present spectral analysis of unsteady results like temporal pressure on specific points in the domain and temporal forces on blades and to show the influence of the two combine movements for two different blade stagger angles for elliptic blades.
Annie-claude Bayeul-lain�; Sophie Simonet; G�rard Bois; Leconte P; Rapin M; Szechenyi E; Martin J
Water flows, energy demand, and market analysis of the informal water sector in Kisumu, Kenya
Analysis Water flows, energy demand, and market analysis of the informal water sector in Kisumu Available online xxxx Keywords: Informal water sector Water flows Developing countries Water market analysis to cope with popu- lation growth. Informal water businesses fulfill unmet water supply needs, yet little
Elimelech, Menachem
E13: An Experimentally-based Flow Stress Model for Cortical Bone
Developed here is a micro-scale-based flow stress model of cortical bone. In order to ... Catalysts by Using the Metal Ion-reducing Bacterium Shewanella Algae.
Analysis of the transient compressible vapor flow in heat pipe
The transient compressible one-dimensional vapor flow dynamics in a heat pipe is modeled. The numerical results are obtained by using the implicit non-iterative Beam-Warming finite difference method. The model is tested for simulated heat pipe vapor flow and actual vapor flow in cylindrical heat pipes. A good comparison of the present transient results for the simulated heat pipe vapor flow with the previous results of a two-dimensional numerical model is achieved and the steady state results are in agreement with the existing experimental data. The transient behavior of the vapor flow under subsonic, sonic, and supersonic speeds and high mass flow rates are successfully predicted. The one-dimensional model also describes the vapor flow dynamics in cylindrical heat pipes at high temperatures.
Jang, J.H.; Faghri, A. [Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH (United States); Chang, W.S. [Wright Research and Development Center, Wright-Patterson, OH (United States)
Three-phase power flow analysis in sequence component frame using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization
Power flow is an important tool in power system studies. Usually, a power system is assumed to be balanced and the power flow analysis is carried out for the same. Practical power system networks are highly unbalanced and it is required to obtain load ... Keywords: Genetic algorithm, Load flow, Particle Swarm Optimization, Sequence network, Unbalanced power system
K. Gnanambal; N. S. Marimuthu; C. K. Babulal
Validation of IVA Computer Code for Flow Boiling Stability Analysis
IVA is a computer code for modeling of transient multiphase, multi-component, non-equilibrium flows in arbitrary geometry including flow boiling in 3D nuclear reactors. This work presents part of the verification procedure of the code. We analyze the stability of flow boiling in natural circulation loop. Experimental results collected on the AREVA/FANP KATHY loop regarding frequencies, mass flows and decay ratio of the oscillations are used for comparison. The comparison demonstrates the capability of the code to successfully simulate such class of processes. (author)
Ivanov Kolev, Nikolay [Framatome-ANP, PO Box 3220, D-91058, Erlangen (Germany)
Compressible Shear Flow Transition and Turbulence: Enhancement of GKM Numerical Scheme and Simulation/Analysis of Pressure Effects on Flow Stabilization
Despite significant advancements in the understanding of fluid flows, combustion and material technologies, hypersonic flight still presents numerous technological challenges. In hypersonic vehicles turbulence is critical in controlling heat generation in the boundary layer, mixing inside the combustor, generation of acoustic noise, and mass flow in the intake. The study of turbulence in highly compressible flows is challenging compared to incompressible due to a drastic change in the behavior of pressure and a relaxation of the incompressibility constraint. In addition fluid flow inside a flight vehicle is complicated by wall-effects, heat generation and complex boundary conditions. Homogeneous shear flow contains most of the relevant physics of boundary and mixing layers without the aforementioned complicating effects. In this work we aim to understand and characterize the role of pressure, velocity-pressure interaction, velocity-thermodynamics interaction in the late-stage transition-to-turbulence regime in a high speed shear dominated flow by studying the evolution of perturbations in in a high Mach number homogeneous shear flow. We use a modal-analysis based approach towards understanding the statistical behavior of turbulence. Individual Fourier waves constituting the initial flow field are studied in isolation and in combination to understand collective statistical behavior. We demonstrate proof of concept of novel acoustic based strategies for controlling the onset of turbulence. Towards this goal we perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) in three studies: (a) development and evaluation of gas kinetic based numerical tool for DNS of compressible turbulence, and perform detailed evaluation of the efficacy of different interpolation schemes in capturing solenoidal and dilatational quantities, (b) modal investigation in the behavior of pressure and isolation of linear, non-linear, inertial and pressure actions, and (c) modal investigation in the possible acoustic based control strategies in homogeneously sheared compressible flows. The findings help to understand the manifestation of the effects of compressibility on transition and turbulence via the velocity-pressure interactions and the action of individual waves. The present study helps towards the design of control mechanisms for compressible turbulence and the development of physically consistent pressure strain correlation models.
Kumar, Gaurav 1984-
Optical flow image analysis of facial expressions of human emotion: forensic applications
The objective of this study was to induce emotions in individuals to determine if specific facial movements could be detected and analysed by the optical flow technique. This analysis is in the form of motion vector plots. The procedure ascertains if ... Keywords: emotion, facial expression, forensics, image analysis, optical flow, physiological measurement, surveillance
Carmen J. Duthoit; T. Sztynda; S. K. L. Lal; B. T. Jap; J. I. Agbinya
Novel hybrid approach to data-packet-flow prediction for improving network traffic analysis
Forecast of the flow of data packets between client and server for a network traffic analysis is viewed as a part of web analytics. Thousands of web-smart businesses depend on web analytics to improve website conversions, reduce marketing costs, facilitate ... Keywords: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, Flow of data packets, Network traffic analysis, Nonlinear generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity, Quantum minimization
Bao Rong Chang; Hsiu Fen Tsai
Education, Job Requirements, and Commuting: An Analysis of Network Flows
Education, Job Requirements,and Commuting: Analysis of Ne~f,,/ Education, Job Requirements, and Commuting: Analysis ofin Education, Job Requirements, and Commuting: Analysis of
Harsman, Bjorn; Quigley, John M.
Compiler Analysis for Cache Coherence: Interprocedural Array Data-Flow Analysis and Its Impact on Cache Performance
Abstract�In this paper, we present compiler algorithms for detecting references to stale data in shared-memory multiprocessors. The algorithm consists of two key analysis techniques, stale reference detection and locality preserving analysis. While the ... Keywords: Compiler, interprocedural analysis, data-flow analysis, cache coherence, shared-memory multiprocessors.
Lynn Choi; Pen-Chung Yew
Time series power flow analysis for distribution connected PV generation.
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) projects must go through an interconnection study process before connecting to the distribution grid. These studies are intended to identify the likely impacts and mitigation alternatives. In the majority of the cases, system impacts can be ruled out or mitigation can be identified without an involved study, through a screening process or a simple supplemental review study. For some proposed projects, expensive and time-consuming interconnection studies are required. The challenges to performing the studies are twofold. First, every study scenario is potentially unique, as the studies are often highly specific to the amount of PV generation capacity that varies greatly from feeder to feeder and is often unevenly distributed along the same feeder. This can cause location-specific impacts and mitigations. The second challenge is the inherent variability in PV power output which can interact with feeder operation in complex ways, by affecting the operation of voltage regulation and protection devices. The typical simulation tools and methods in use today for distribution system planning are often not adequate to accurately assess these potential impacts. This report demonstrates how quasi-static time series (QSTS) simulation and high time-resolution data can be used to assess the potential impacts in a more comprehensive manner. The QSTS simulations are applied to a set of sample feeders with high PV deployment to illustrate the usefulness of the approach. The report describes methods that can help determine how PV affects distribution system operations. The simulation results are focused on enhancing the understanding of the underlying technical issues. The examples also highlight the steps needed to perform QSTS simulation and describe the data needed to drive the simulations. The goal of this report is to make the methodology of time series power flow analysis readily accessible to utilities and others responsible for evaluating potential PV impacts.
Broderick, Robert Joseph; Quiroz, Jimmy Edward; Ellis, Abraham; Reno, Matthew J. [Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Smith, Jeff [Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN; Dugan, Roger [Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN
JAVA based LCD Reconstruction and Analysis Tools
We summarize the current status and future developments of the North American Group's Java-based system for studying physics and detector design issues at a linear collider. The system is built around Java Analysis Studio (JAS) an experiment-independent Java-based utility for data analysis. Although the system is an integrated package running in JAS, many parts of it are also standalone Java utilities.
Bower, G.
Throughput-cost analysis of optical flow switching
In this paper, we employ a cost model embodying major sources of capital expenditure (CapEx) to compare the throughput-cost tradeoff offered by optical flow switching to that of more traditional optical network architectures.
Chan, Vincent W. S.
Instability Analysis of Terrain-Induced Canopy Flows
Tall vegetation and complex terrain create difficult conditions for measuring and modeling net ecosystem�atmosphere exchanges of carbon, water vapor, and pollutants. The instability of canopy flow regimes over complex terrain is critical for ...
Chuixiang Yi
Application of the pseudolinear flow model to the pressure transient analysis of fractured wells
The theoretical basis for the pseudolinear flow model is established. It is demonstrated by using an analytical model that the linear flow graph (p vs ..sqrt..t) can be extended to the analysis of pressure data of fractured wells intersected by an intermediate or a high conductivity fracture ((k /SUB f/ b /SUB f/ greater than or equal to 15). It appears that the fracture conductivity effect during the pseudolinear flow period can be handled as a pseudo skin pressure drop which is additive to the pressure drop caused by fluid loss damage. The combination of the pseudolinear flow analysis with other interpretation techniques is illustrated through examples of field cases.
Cinco-Ley, H.; Rodriguez, F.; Samaniego, F.
Capacitance-based prover for gas flow meters
The focus of this research was to examine a novel method for calibrating natural gas flow meters. This new method can accommodate very large flow rates and it avoids common problems associated with current meter proving techniques. In this method, the amount of gas accumulated in a vessel of fixed. volume is determined by measuring the change in capacitance of the vessel with respect to time. Because the accumulator has a fixed volume, the problems inherent with the mechanical motions involved in volumetric provers such as bell provers and piston provers are eliminated. Accurate measurements can also be made in larger vessels than would be feasible for gravimetric provers, especially for in situ calibrations.
Pipkins, Sean Patrick
Uncertainty Analysis for a Virtual Flow Meter Using an Air-Handling Unit Chilled Water Valve
A virtual water flow meter is developed that uses the chilled water control valve on an air-handling unit as a measurement device. The flow rate of water through the valve is calculated using the differential pressure across the valve and its associated coil, the valve command, and an empirically determined valve characteristic curve. Thus, the probability of error in the measurements is significantly greater than for conventionally manufactured flow meters. In this paper, mathematical models are developed and used to conduct uncertainty analysis for the virtual flow meter, and the results from the virtual meter are compared to measurements made with an ultrasonic flow meter. Theoretical uncertainty analysis shows that the total uncertainty in flow rates from the virtual flow meter is 1.46% with 95% confidence; comparison of virtual flow meter results with measurements from an ultrasonic flow meter yielded anuncertainty of 1.46% with 99% confidence. The comparable results from the theoretical uncertainty analysis and empirical comparison with the ultrasonic flow meter corroborate each other, and tend to validate the approach to computationally estimating uncertainty for virtual sensors introduced in this study.
Song, Li; Wang, Gang; Brambley, Michael R.
Geothermal Resource-Reservoir Investigations Based On Heat Flow And Thermal
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Resource-Reservoir Investigations Based On Heat Flow And Thermal Resource-Reservoir Investigations Based On Heat Flow And Thermal Gradient Data For The United States Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Report: Geothermal Resource-Reservoir Investigations Based On Heat Flow And Thermal Gradient Data For The United States Details Activities (2) Areas (2) Regions (0) Abstract: Several activities related to geothermal resources in the western United States are described in this report. A database of geothermal site-specific thermal gradient and heat flow results from individual exploration wells in the western US has been assembled. Extensive temperature gradient and heat flow exploration data from the active exploration of the 1970's and 1980's were collected, compiled, and synthesized, emphasizing previously unavailable company data. Examples of
Analysis and performance of radial flow rotary dessicant dehumidifiers
A model is developed to predict the steady periodic performance of a radial flow desiccant wheel. The model is expressed in terms of the same dimensionless parameters that are commonly used in modeling of the conventional axial flow desiccant wheel. In addition a dimensionless geometrical ratio of the volume of the matrix to the volume of the wheel core is found to affect the performance of the wheel. A finite difference technique on staggered grid is used to discretize the governing dimensionless equations. The discretized equations are solved to predict the performance of the desiccant wheel at given values of operation parameters. A sensitivity study is carried out to investigate the effect of changing any of these parameters on the performance of the wheel. The performance of the radial flow desiccant wheel having the same values of the operation parameters.
Elsayed, M.M.; Chamkha, A.J. [Kuwait Univ., Safat (Kuwait). Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Dept.
Numerical analysis of vapor flow in a micro heat pipe
The vapor flow in a flat plate micro heat pipe with both uniform and linear heat flux boundary conditions has been numerically analyzed. For both types of boundary conditions, the Navier-Stokes equations with steady incompressible two-dimensional flow were solved using the SIMPLE method. The results indicate that the pressure, shear stress, and friction factor under linear heat flux boundary conditions are considerably smoother, and hence, more closely approximate the real situation. As the heat flux increases, the pressure drop increases, but the friction factor demonstrates only a slight change for different heat flux conditions. The size and shape of the micro heat pipe vapor space was shown to have a significant influence on the vapor flow behavior for micro heat pipes. When the vapor space area decreases, the pressure drop, shear stress, and friction factor all significantly increase.
Liu, Xiaoqin
Combination of job oriented simulation with ecological material flow analysis as integrated analysis tool for business production processes
This paper outlines the application of a special Environmental Management Information System (EMIS) as combination of discrete event simulation with ecological material flow analysis for a selected production process. The software tool serves as decision ...
Philip Joschko; Bernd Page; Volker Wohlgemuth
Uncertainty analysis of an IGCC system with single-stage entrained-flow gasifier
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems using coal gasification is an attractive option for future energy plants. Consequenty, understanding the system operation and optimizing gasifier performance in the presence of uncertain operating conditions is essential to extract the maximum benefits from the system. This work focuses on conducting such a study using an IGCC process simulation and a high-fidelity gasifier simulation coupled with stochastic simulation and multi-objective optimization capabilities. Coal gasifiers are the necessary basis of IGCC systems, and hence effective modeling and uncertainty analysis of the gasification process constitutes an important element of overall IGCC process design and operation. In this work, an Aspen Plus{reg_sign} steady-state process model of an IGCC system with carbon capture enables us to conduct simulation studies so that the effect of gasification variability on the whole process can be understood. The IGCC plant design consists of an single-stage entrained-flow gasifier, a physical solvent-based acid gas removal process for carbon capture, two model-7FB combustion turbine generators, two heat recovery steam generators, and one steam turbine generator in a multi-shaft 2x2x1 configuration. In the Aspen Plus process simulation, the gasifier is represented as a simplified lumped-parameter, restricted-equilibrium reactor model. In this work, we also make use of a distributed-parameter FLUENT{reg_sign} computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to characterize the uncertainty for the entrained-flow gasifier. The CFD-based gasifer model is much more comprehensive, predictive, and hence better suited to understand the effects of uncertainty. The possible uncertain parameters of the gasifier model are identified. This includes input coal composition as well as mass flow rates of coal, slurry water, and oxidant. Using a selected number of random (Monte Carlo) samples for the different parameters, the CFD model is simulated to observe the variations in the output variables (such as syngas composition, gas and ash flow rates etc.). The same samples are then used to conduct simulations using the Aspen Plus IGCC model. The simulation results for the high-fidelity CFD-based gasifier model and the Aspen Plus equilibrium reactor model for selected uncertain parameters are then used to perform the estimation. Defining the ratio of CFD based results to the Aspen Plus result as the uncertainty factor (UF), the work quantifies the extent of uncertainty and then uses uniform* distribution to characterize the uncertainty factor distribution. The characterization and quantification of uncertainty is then used to conduct stochastic simulation of the IGCC system in Aspen Plus. The CAPE-OPEN compliant stochastic simulation capability allows one to conduct a rigorous analysis and generate the feasible space for the operation of the IGCC system. The stochastic simulation results can later be used to conduct multi-objective optimization of the gasifier using a set of identified decision variables. The CAPE-OPEN compliant multi-objective capability in Aspen Plus can be used to conduct the analysis. Since the analysis is based on the uncertainty modeling studies of the gasifier, the optimization accounts for possible uncertainties in the operation of the system. The results for the optimized IGCC system and the gasifier, obtained from the stochastic simulation results, are expected to be more rigorous and hence closer to those obtained from CFD-based rigorous modeling.
Shastri, Y.; Diwekar, U.; Zitney, S.
Stochastic analysis of unsaturated flow with probabilistic collocation method
with probabilistic collocation method, Water Resour. Res., 45, W08425, doi:10.1029/2008WR007530. 1. Introduction [2, the vadose zone has received increasing attention in recent years. Because of the coexis- tence of water to study the effect of spatial variability on flow in unsaturated zone [Jury, 1982; Yeh et al., 1985a, 1985
Lu, Zhiming
Computational Fluid Dynamics Based Investigation of Sensitivity of Furnace Operational Conditions to Burner Flow Controls
This is the first Semiannual Technical Report for DOE Cooperative Agreement No: DE-FC26-02NT41580. The goal of this project is to systematically assess the sensitivity of furnace operational conditions to burner air and fuel flows in coal fired utility boilers. Our approach is to utilize existing baseline furnace models that have been constructed using Reaction Engineering International's (REI) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Using CFD analyses provides the ability to carry out a carefully controlled virtual experiment to characterize the sensitivity of NOx emissions, unburned carbon (UBC), furnace exit CO (FECO), furnace exit temperature (FEGT), and waterwall deposition to burner flow controls. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is providing co-funding for this program, and instrument and controls experts from EPRI's Instrument and Controls (I&C) Center are active participants in this project. This program contains multiple tasks and good progress is being made on all fronts. A project kickoff meeting was held in conjunction with NETL's 2002 Sensors and Control Program Portfolio Review and Roadmapping Workshop, in Pittsburgh, PA during October 15-16, 2002. Dr. Marc Cremer, REI, and Dr. Paul Wolff, EPRI I&C, both attended and met with the project COR, Susan Maley. Following the review of REI's database of wall-fired coal units, the project team selected a front wall fired 150 MW unit with a Riley Low NOx firing system including overfire air for evaluation. In addition, a test matrix outlining approximately 25 simulations involving variations in burner secondary air flows, and coal and primary air flows was constructed. During the reporting period, twenty-two simulations have been completed, summarized, and tabulated for sensitivity analysis. Based on these results, the team is developing a suitable approach for quantifying the sensitivity coefficients associated with the parametric tests. Some of the results of the CFD simulations of the single wall fired unit were presented in a technical paper entitled, ''CFD Investigation of the Sensitivity of Furnace Operational Conditions to Burner Flow Controls,'' presented at the 28th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems in Clearwater, FL March 9-14, 2003. In addition to the work completed on the single wall fired unit, the project team made the selection of a 580 MW opposed wall fired unit to be the subject of evaluation in this program. Work is in progress to update the baseline model of this unit so that the parametric simulations can be initiated.
Marc Cremer; Kirsi St. Marie; Dave Wang
Built-in data-flow integration testing in large-scale component-based systems
Modern large-scale component-based applications and service ecosystems are built following a number of different component models and architectural styles, such as the data-flow architectural style. In this style, each building block receives data from ...
�ric Piel; Alberto Gonzalez-Sanchez; Hans-Gerhard Gross
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Acid Based Blend Membranes for Redox Flow...
Acid Based Blend Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries DOE Grant No: DE-SC0006306 Alan Cisar* and Chris Rhodes Lynntech, Inc., 2501 Earl Rudder Freeway South, College Station, TX...
A Cascade-Type Global Energy Conversion Diagram Based on Wave�Mean Flow Interactions
A cascade-type energy conversion diagram is proposed for the purpose of diagnosing the atmospheric general circulation based on wave�mean flow interactions. Mass-weighted isentropic zonal means facilitate the expression of nongeostrophic wave ...
Sachiyo Uno; Toshiki Iwasaki
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Iron Based Flow Batteries for Low Cost...
EnergyOffice of Electricity's Energy Storage Program. Iron Based Flow Batteries for Low Cost Grid Level Energy Storage J.S. Wainright, R. F. Savinell, P.I.s Dept. of Chemical...
Use of vertical slip flow and flooding models in LOCA analysis
Vertical slip flow and flooding models, which have been incorporated in a version of the RELAP4 computer code by Aerojet Nuclear Company have led to significant improvements in modeling nuclear reactor coolant system phenomena during postulated large and small break loss-of-coolant accidents. The vertical slip flow model computes the separated fluid component velocities and directions at vertical flow junctions. Use of the slip model allows the energy transfer between volumes to be based on individual liquid and vapor component flows rather than on the net junction flow. Continuity and momentum equations are unaffected by the addition of slip. The vertical flow slip model logic is based on the assumption that gravity forces dominate causing slip between phases. 7 references (auth)
Fischer, S.R.
Analysis of Chemically Reacting Gas Flow and Heat Transfer in Methane Reforming Processes
This paper presents simulation and analysis of gas flow and heat transfer affected by chemical reactions relating to steam reforming of methane in a compact reformer. The reformer conditions such as the combined thermal boundary conditions on solid walls, ...
Guogang Yang; Danting Yue; Xinrong Lv; Jinliang Yuan
The Interaction of Katabatic Flow and Mountain Waves. Part II: Case Study Analysis and Conceptual Model
Via numerical analysis of detailed simulations of an early September 1993 case night, the authors develop a conceptual model of the interaction of katabatic flow in the nocturnal boundary layer with mountain waves (MKI). A companion paper (Part I)...
Gregory S. Poulos; James E. Bossert; Thomas B. McKee; Roger A. Pielke Sr.
Free-surface flow simulations for discharge-based operation of hydraulic structure gates
We combine non-hydrostatic flow simulations of the free surface with a discharge model based on elementary gate flow equations for decision support in operation of hydraulic structure gates. A water level-based gate control used in most of today's general practice does not take into account the fact that gate operation scenarios producing similar total discharged volumes and similar water levels may have different local flow characteristics. Accurate and timely prediction of local flow conditions around hydraulic gates is important for several aspects of structure management: ecology, scour, flow-induced gate vibrations and waterway navigation. The modelling approach is described and tested for a multi-gate sluice structure regulating discharge from a river to the sea. The number of opened gates is varied and the discharge is stabilized with automated control by varying gate openings. The free-surface model was validated for discharge showing a correlation coefficient of 0.994 compared to experimental data. A...
Erdbrink, C D; Sloot, P M A
Modelling Shear Flows with SPH and Grid Based Methods
Given the importance of shear flows for astrophysical gas dynamics, we study the evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) analytically and numerically. We derive the dispersion relation for the two-dimensional KHI including viscous dissipation. The resulting expression for the growth rate is then used to estimate the intrinsic viscosity of four numerical schemes depending on code-specific as well as on physical parameters. Our set of numerical schemes includes the Tree-SPH code VINE, an alternative SPH formulation developed by Price (2008), and the finite-volume grid codes FLASH and PLUTO. In the first part, we explicitly demonstrate the effect of dissipation-inhibiting mechanisms such as the Balsara viscosity on the evolution of the KHI. With VINE, increasing density contrasts lead to a continuously increasing suppression of the KHI (with complete suppression from a contrast of 6:1 or higher). The alternative SPH formulation including an artificial thermal conductivity reproduces the analytically ...
Junk, Veronika; Heitsch, Fabian; Burkert, Andreas; Wetzstein, Markus; Schartmann, Marc; Price, Daniel
Load Profiling Based Routing for Guaranteed Bandwidth Flows
. To support the stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of real-time (e.g. audio/video) applications in integrated services networks, several routing algorithms that allow for the reservation of the needed bandwidth over a Virtual Circuit (VC), established on one of several candidate routes, have been proposed. Traditionally, such routing is done using the least-loaded concept, and thus results in balancing the load across the set of candidate routes. In this paper, we propose the use of load profiling as an attractive alternative to load balancing for routing guaranteed bandwidth VCs (flows). Load profiling techniques allow the distribution of "available" bandwidth across a set of candidate routes to match the characteristics of incoming VC QoS requests. We thoroughly characterize the performance of VC routing using load profiling and contrast it to routing using load balancing and load packing. We do so both analytically and via extensive simulations of multi-class traffic r...
Ibrahim Matta; Azer Bestavros; Marwan Krunz
Wavelet based analysis of circuit breaker operation
Circuit breaker is an important interrupting device in power system network. It usually has a lifetime about 20 to 40 years. During breaker's service time, maintenance and inspection are imperative duties to achieve its reliable operation. To automate the diagnostic practice for circuit breaker operation and reduce the utility company's workload, Wavelet based analysis software of circuit breaker operation is developed here. Combined with circuit breaker monitoring system, the analysis software processes the original circuit breaker information, speeds up the analysis time and provides stable and consistent evaluation for the circuit breaker operation.
Ren, Zhifang Jennifer
Feature-Based Statistical Analysis of Combustion Simulation Data
We present a new framework for feature-based statistical analysis of large-scale scientific data and demonstrate its effectiveness by analyzing features from Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of turbulent combustion. Turbulent flows are ubiquitous and account for transport and mixing processes in combustion, astrophysics, fusion, and climate modeling among other disciplines. They are also characterized by coherent structure or organized motion, i.e. nonlocal entities whose geometrical features can directly impact molecular mixing and reactive processes. While traditional multi-point statistics provide correlative information, they lack nonlocal structural information, and hence, fail to provide mechanistic causality information between organized fluid motion and mixing and reactive processes. Hence, it is of great interest to capture and track flow features and their statistics together with their correlation with relevant scalar quantities, e.g. temperature or species concentrations. In our approach we encode the set of all possible flow features by pre-computing merge trees augmented with attributes, such as statistical moments of various scalar fields, e.g. temperature, as well as length-scales computed via spectral analysis. The computation is performed in an efficient streaming manner in a pre-processing step and results in a collection of meta-data that is orders of magnitude smaller than the original simulation data. This meta-data is sufficient to support a fully flexible and interactive analysis of the features, allowing for arbitrary thresholds, providing per-feature statistics, and creating various global diagnostics such as Cumulative Density Functions (CDFs), histograms, or time-series. We combine the analysis with a rendering of the features in a linked-view browser that enables scientists to interactively explore, visualize, and analyze the equivalent of one terabyte of simulation data. We highlight the utility of this new framework for combustion science; however, it is applicable to many other science domains.
Bennett, J; Krishnamoorthy, V; Liu, S; Grout, R; Hawkes, E; Chen, J; Pascucci, V; Bremer, P T
Fluid flow analysis in a rough fracture (type II) using complex networks and lattice Boltzmann method
Complexity of fluid flow in a rough fracture is induced by the complex configurations of opening areas between the fracture planes. In this study, we model fluid flow in an evolvable real rock joint structure, which under certain normal load is sheared. In an experimental study, information regarding about apertures of the rock joint during consecutive 20 mm displacements and fluid flow (permeability) in different pressure heads have been recorded by a scanner laser. Our aim in this study is to simulate the fluid flow in the mentioned complex geometries using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), while the characteristics of the aperture field will be compared with the modeled fluid flow permeability To characterize the aperture, we use a new concept in the graph theory, namely: complex networks and motif analysis of the corresponding networks. In this approach, the similar aperture profile along the fluid flow direction is mapped in to a network space. The modeled permeability using the LBM shows good correlat...
Ghaffari, H; Sharifzadeh, M; Young, R P
Symbolic Test Selection Based on Approximate Analysis
Symbolic Test Selection Based on Approximate Analysis Bertrand Jeannet, Thierry J´eron, Vlad email@example.com Abstract. This paper addresses the problem of generating symbolic test cases for testing the conformance. The challenge we consider is the selection of test cases according to a test purpose, which is here a set
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
NETL - Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis...
Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005 Baseline Model Jump to: navigation, search Name NETL - Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005...
In situ stress, fracture, and fluid flow analysis in Well 38C-9: an
In situ stress, fracture, and fluid flow analysis in Well 38C-9: an In situ stress, fracture, and fluid flow analysis in Well 38C-9: an enhanced geothermal system in the Coso geothermal field Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Conference Paper: In situ stress, fracture, and fluid flow analysis in Well 38C-9: an enhanced geothermal system in the Coso geothermal field Abstract Geoscientists from the Coso Operating Company, EGI-Utah, GeoMechanics International, and the U.S. Geological Survey are cooperating in a multi-year study to develop an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) in the Coso Geothermal Field. Key to the creation of an EGS is an understanding of the relationship among natural fracture distribution, fluid flow, and the ambient tectonic stresses that exist within the resource in order to design
FRACTURE, AND FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN WELL 38C-9:AN ENHANCED FRACTURE, AND FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN WELL 38C-9:AN ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM IN THE COSO GEOTHERMAL FIELD Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: IN SITU STRESS, FRACTURE, AND FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN WELL 38C-9:AN ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM IN THE COSO GEOTHERMAL FIELD Details Activities (2) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Geoscientists from the Coso Operating Company, EGI-Utah, GeoMechanics International, and the U.S. Geological Survey are cooperating in a multi-year study to develop an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) in the Coso Geothermal Field. Key to the creation of an EGS is an understanding of the relationship among natural fracture distribution, fluid flow, and the ambient tectonic stresses that exist within the resource in order to design
Analysis of performance capabilities of redox-flow storage batteries
Major physical performance parameters and economic factors of a generalized redox-flow storage battery system are analyzed. The system is divided into power-related and energy-related subsystems. The economic factors include plant capital (and other) costs, electrical energy lost by the storage-cycle inefficiency, and a penalty term for failures. Relationships are formulated for the overall system efficiency and system performance parameters (voltages, current density, state-of-charge of the storage liquid, and parasitic losses). Equations for sizing and costing of the battery and the storage tank subsystems are given. Directions for needed research are indicated.
Roy, A.S.; Kaplan, S.I.
A high sensitivity fiber optic macro-bend based gas flow rate transducer for low flow rates: Theory, working principle, and static calibration
A novel fiber optic macro-bend based gas flowmeter for low flow rates is presented. Theoretical analysis of the sensor working principle, design, and static calibration were performed. The measuring system consists of: an optical fiber, a light emitting diode (LED), a Quadrant position sensitive Detector (QD), and an analog electronic circuit for signal processing. The fiber tip undergoes a deflection in the flow, acting like a cantilever. The consequent displacement of light spot center is monitored by the QD generating four unbalanced photocurrents which are function of fiber tip position. The analog electronic circuit processes the photocurrents providing voltage signal proportional to light spot position. A circular target was placed on the fiber in order to increase the sensing surface. Sensor, tested in the measurement range up to 10 l min{sup -1}, shows a discrimination threshold of 2 l min{sup -1}, extremely low fluid dynamic resistance (0.17 Pa min l{sup -1}), and high sensitivity, also at low flow rates (i.e., 33 mV min l{sup -1} up to 4 l min{sup -1} and 98 mV min l{sup -1} from 4 l min{sup -1} up to 10 l min{sup -1}). Experimental results agree with the theoretical predictions. The high sensitivity, along with the reduced dimension and negligible pressure drop, makes the proposed transducer suitable for medical applications in neonatal ventilation.
Schena, Emiliano; Saccomandi, Paola; Silvestri, Sergio [Center for Integrated Research, Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome (Italy)
Turbulent Flow Analysis and Coherent Structure Identification in Experimental Models with Complex Geometries
Turbulent flows and coherent structures emerging within turbulent flow fields have been extensively studied for the past few decades and a wide variety of experimental and numerical techniques have been developed for measurement and analysis of turbulent flows. The complex nature of turbulence requires methods that can accurately estimate its highly chaotic spatial and temporal behavior. Some of the classical cases of turbulent flows with simpler geometries have been well characterized by means of the existing experimental techniques and numerical models. Nevertheless, since most turbulent fields are of complex geometries; there is an increasing interest in the study of turbulent flows through models with more complicated geometries. In this dissertation, characteristics of turbulent flows through two different facilities with complex geometries are studied applying two different experimental methods. The first study involves the investigation of turbulent impinging jets through a staggered array of rods with or without crossflow. Such flows are crucial in various engineering disciplines. This experiment aimed at modeling the coolant flow behavior and mixing phenomena within the lower plenum of a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR). Dynamic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Matched Index of Refraction (MIR) techniques were applied to acquire the turbulent velocity fields within the model. Some key flow features that may significantly enhance the flow mixing within the test section or actively affect some of the structural components were identified in the velocity fields. The evolution of coherent structures within the flow field is further investigated using a Snapshot Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique. Furthermore, a comparative POD method is proposed and successfully implemented for identification of the smaller but highly influential coherent structures which may not be captured in the full-field POD analysis. The second experimental study portrays the coolant flow through the core of an annular pebble bed VHTR. The complex geometry of the core and the highly turbulent nature of the coolant flow passing through the gaps of fuel pebbles make this case quite challenging. In this experiment, a high frequency Hot Wire Anemometry (HWA) system is applied for velocity measurements and investigation of the bypass flow phenomena within the near wall gaps of the core. The velocity profiles within the gaps verify the presence of an area of increased velocity close to the outer reflector wall; however, the characteristics of the coolant flow profile is highly dependent on the gap geometry and to a less extent on the Reynolds number of the flow. The time histories of the velocity are further analyzed using a Power Spectra Density (PSD) technique to acquire information about the energy content and energy transfer between eddies of different sizes at each point within the gaps.
Amini, Noushin
Building waste management core indicators through Spatial Material Flow Analysis: Net recovery and transport intensity indexes
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sustainability and proximity principles have a key role in waste management. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Core indicators are needed in order to quantify and evaluate them. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A systematic, step-by-step approach is developed in this study for their development. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Transport may play a significant role in terms of environmental and economic costs. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Policy action is required in order to advance in the consecution of these principles. - Abstract: In this paper, the material and spatial characterization of the flows within a municipal solid waste (MSW) management system are combined through a Network-Based Spatial Material Flow Analysis. Using this information, two core indicators are developed for the bio-waste fraction, the Net Recovery Index (NRI) and the Transport Intensity Index (TII), which are aimed at assessing progress towards policy-related sustainable MSW management strategies and objectives. The NRI approaches the capacity of a MSW management system for converting waste into resources through a systematic metabolic approach, whereas the TII addresses efficiency in terms of the transport requirements to manage a specific waste flow throughout the entire MSW management life cycle. Therefore, both indicators could be useful in assessing key MSW management policy strategies, such as the consecution of higher recycling levels (sustainability principle) or the minimization of transport by locating treatment facilities closer to generation sources (proximity principle). To apply this methodological approach, the bio-waste management system of the region of Catalonia (Spain) has been chosen as a case study. Results show the adequacy of both indicators for identifying those points within the system with higher capacity to compromise its environmental, economic and social performance and therefore establishing clear targets for policy prioritization. Moreover, this methodological approach permits scenario building, which could be useful in assessing the outcomes of hypothetical scenarios, thus proving its adequacy for strategic planning.
Font Vivanco, David, E-mail: email@example.com [Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain); Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden (Netherlands); Puig Ventosa, Ignasi [ENT Environment and Management, Carrer Sant Joan 39, First Floor, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltru, Barcelona (Spain); Gabarrell Durany, Xavier [Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)
Coupled hydrodynamic-structural analysis of an integral flowing sodium test loop in the TREAT reactor
A hydrodynamic-structural response analysis of the Mark-IICB loop was performed for the TREAT (Transient Reactor Test Facility) test AX-1. Test AX-1 is intended to provide information concerning the potential for a vapor explosion in an advanced-fueled LMFBR. The test will be conducted in TREAT with unirradiated uranium-carbide fuel pins in the Mark-IICB integral flowing sodium loop. Our analysis addressed the ability of the experimental hardware to maintain its containment integrity during the reference accident postulated for the test. Based on a thermal-hydraulics analysis and assumptions for fuel-coolant interaction in the test section, a pressure pulse of 144 MPa maximum pressure and pulse width of 1.32 ms has been calculated as the reference accident. The response of the test loop to the pressure transient was obtained with the ICEPEL and STRAW codes. Modelling of the test section was completed with STRAW and the remainder of the loop was modelled by ICEPEL.
Zeuch, W.R.; A-Moneim, M.T.
A flow cytometry-based dopamine transporter binding assay using antagonist-conjugated quantum dots
Here we present the development and validation of a flow cytometry-based dopamine transporter (DAT) binding assay that uses antagonist-conjugated quantum dots (QDs).We anticipate that our QD-based assay is of immediate value to the high throughput screening of novel DAT modulators.
Kovtun, Oleg [Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7300 Stevenson Ctr Ln, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.; Ross, Emily [Vanderbilt University; Tomlinson, Ian [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Rosenthal, Sandra [ORNL
Geographically-Based Infrastructure Analysis for California
Geographically-Based Infrastructure Geographically-Based Infrastructure Analysis for California Joan Ogden Institute of Transportation Studies University of California, Davis Presented at the USDOE Hydrogen Transition Analysis Meeting Washington, DC August 9-10, 2006 Acknowledgments UC Davis Researchers: Michael Nicholas Dr. Marc Melaina Dr. Marshall Miller Dr. Chris Yang USDOE: Dr. Sig Gronich Research support: USDOE; H2 Pathways Program sponsors at UC Davis * Refueling station siting and sizing are key aspects of designing H2 infrastructure during a transition * Initial H2 stations may be co-located with vehicle fleets * Wider consumer adoption of H2 vehicles depends on fuel availability and cost (which are related to station number, size and location), + other factors. * Decision when and where to deploy network
1980 Base case and feasibility analysis
This report describes a task of documenting a base case'' and performing a feasibility analysis for a national residential energy efficiency program for new homes, The principal objective of the task wasto estimate the energy consumption of typical homes built in 1980 and then to identify and assess the feasibility of methods to reduce that consumption by 50%. The goal of the program by the year 2000 is to reduce heating and cooling energy use in new homes built under the program to one-half of the energy use in typical new homes built in 1980. The task also calls for determining whether the program goal should be revised, based on the analysis.
This report describes a task of documenting a ``base case`` and performing a feasibility analysis for a national residential energy efficiency program for new homes, The principal objective of the task wasto estimate the energy consumption of typical homes built in 1980 and then to identify and assess the feasibility of methods to reduce that consumption by 50%. The goal of the program by the year 2000 is to reduce heating and cooling energy use in new homes built under the program to one-half of the energy use in typical new homes built in 1980. The task also calls for determining whether the program goal should be revised, based on the analysis.
Application of the pseudolinear-flow model to the pressure-transient analysis of fractured wells
The theoretical basis for the pseudolinear-flow model is established. In this paper it is demonstrated by use of an analytical model that the linear-flow graph (rho vs. {Lambda}tau) can be extended to the analysis of pressure data of fractured wells intersected by an intermediate- or high-conductivity fracture (C/sub fD/ > 5{pi}). It appears that the fracture-conductivity effect during the pseudolinear-flow period can be handled as pseudoskin pressure drop that adds to the pressure drop caused by fluid-loss damage. The combination of the pseudolinear-flow analysis with other interpretation techniques is illustrated through examples of field cases.
Cinco-Ley, H.; Samanlego, V.F. (Univ. of Mexico/Pemex (MX)); Rodriguez, F. (Univ. of Mexico/IMP (MX))
Analysis of Supercritical Stratified Tidal Flow in a Scottish Fjord
The baroclinic tidal regime of the fjord Loch Etive (Scotland) is studied. Analysis is performed on the basis of both in situ data and numerical simulations, with the use of a fully nonlinear nonhydrostatic fine-resolution model. It was found ...
Nataliya Stashchuk; Mark Inall; Vasiliy Vlasenko
A Database and Meta-Analysis of Ecological Responses to Flow in the South Atlantic Region
Generalized and quantitative relationships between flow and ecology are pivotal to developing environmental flow standards based on socially acceptable ecological conditions. Informing management at regional scales requires compiling sufficient hydrologic and ecological sources of information, identifying information gaps, and creating a framework for hypothesis development and testing. We compiled studies of empirical and theoretical relationships between flow and ecology in the South Atlantic region (SAR) of the United States to evaluate their utility for the development of environmental flow standards. Using database searches, internet searches, and agency contacts, we gathered 186 sources of information that provided a qualitative or quantitative relationship between flow and ecology within states encompassing the SAR. A total of 109 of the 186 sources had sufficient information to support quantitative analyses. Ecological responses to natural changes in flow magnitude, frequency, and duration were highly variable regardless of the direction and magnitude of changes in flow. In contrast, the majority of ecological responses to anthropogenic-induced flow alterations were negative. Fish consistently showed negative responses to anthropogenic flow alterations whereas other ecological groups showed somewhat variable responses (e.g. macroinvertebrates and riparian vegetation) and even positive responses (e.g. algae). Fish and organic matter had sufficient sample sizes to stratify natural flow-ecology relationships by specific flow categories (e.g. high flow, baseflows) or by region (e.g. coastal plain, uplands). After stratifying relationships, we found that significant correlations existed between changes in natural flow and ecological responses. In addition, a regression tree explained 57% of the variation in fish responses to anthropogenic and natural changes in flow. Because of some ambiguity in interpreting the directionality in ecological responses, we utilized ecological gains or losses, where each represents a benefit or reduction to ecosystem services, respectively. Variables explained 49% of the variation in ecological gains and losses for all ecological groups combined. Altogether, our results suggested that the source of flow change and the ecological group of interest played primary roles in determining the direction and magnitude of ecological responses. Furthermore, our results suggest that developing broadly generalized relationships between ecology and changes in flow at a regional scale is unlikely unless relationships are placed within meaningful contexts, such as environmental flow components or by geomorphic setting.
McManamay, Ryan A [ORNL; Orth, Dr. Donald J [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Davis, Dr, Mary [Southeastern Aquatic Resources Partnership; Kauffman, John [John Kauffman LLC.
Chapter 11. Community analysis-based methods
Microbial communities are each a composite of populations whose presence and relative abundance in water or other environmental samples are a direct manifestation of environmental conditions, including the introduction of microbe-rich fecal material and factors promoting persistence of the microbes therein. As shown by culture-independent methods, different animal-host fecal microbial communities appear distinctive, suggesting that their community profiles can be used to differentiate fecal samples and to potentially reveal the presence of host fecal material in environmental waters. Cross-comparisons of microbial communities from different hosts also reveal relative abundances of genetic groups that can be used to distinguish sources. In increasing order of their information richness, several community analysis methods hold promise for MST applications: phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), cloning/sequencing, and PhyloChip. Specific case studies involving TRFLP and PhyloChip approaches demonstrate the ability of community-based analyses of contaminated waters to confirm a diagnosis of water quality based on host-specific marker(s). The success of community-based MST for comprehensively confirming fecal sources relies extensively upon using appropriate multivariate statistical approaches. While community-based MST is still under evaluation and development as a primary diagnostic tool, results presented herein demonstrate its promise. Coupled with its inherently comprehensive ability to capture an unprecedented amount of microbiological data that is relevant to water quality, the tools for microbial community analysis are increasingly accessible, and community-based approaches have unparalleled potential for translation into rapid, perhaps real-time, monitoring platforms.
Cao, Y.; Wu, C.H.; Andersen, G.L.; Holden, P.A.
New Technologies and Methods to Improve Computational Speed and Robustness of Power Flow Analysis
The power flow problem consists of determining the steady-state operating point of an electrical transmission network under specific loading conditions. This report describes the development of power flow techniques designed to improve the efficiency and reliability of an electrical power network. Leveraging advancements in computing technologies, data processing, and sophisticated computational methods can improve the performance of power system analysis tools, specifically their accuracy, speed, ...
Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuels Production Based on Gasification
This study compares capital and production costs of two biomass-to-liquid production plants based on gasification. The first biorefinery scenario is an oxygen-fed, low-temperature (870?C), non-slagging, fluidized bed gasifier. The second scenario is an oxygen-fed, high-temperature (1,300?C), slagging, entrained flow gasifier. Both are followed by catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydroprocessing to naphtha-range (gasoline blend stock) and distillate-range (diesel blend stock) liquid fractions. Process modeling software (Aspen Plus) is utilized to organize the mass and energy streams and cost estimation software is used to generate equipment costs. Economic analysis is performed to estimate the capital investment and operating costs. Results show that the total capital investment required for nth plant scenarios is $610 million and $500 million for high-temperature and low-temperature scenarios, respectively. Product value (PV) for the high-temperature and low-temperature scenarios is estimated to be $4.30 and $4.80 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE), respectively, based on a feedstock cost of $75 per dry short ton. Sensitivity analysis is also performed on process and economic parameters. This analysis shows that total capital investment and feedstock cost are among the most influential parameters affecting the PV.
Swanson, R. M.; Platon, A.; Satrio, J. A.; Brown, R. C.; Hsu, D. D.
Comparative Analysis of US Metal Flow and Recycling for Key ...
Conference Tools for 2014 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition ... Symposium, Energy Technologies and Carbon Dioxide Management ... based on the existing life cycle studies are critically reviewed and compared: (a) ... J3: Corrosion Behavior of Differently Heat Treated Steels in CCS Environment with Supercritical CO2.
IN SITU STRESS, FRACTURE AND FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS-EAST FLANK OF THE COSO IN SITU STRESS, FRACTURE AND FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS-EAST FLANK OF THE COSO GEOTHERMAL FIELD Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: IN SITU STRESS, FRACTURE AND FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS-EAST FLANK OF THE COSO GEOTHERMAL FIELD Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: High rock temperatures, a high degree of fracturing, high tectonic stresses, and low permeability are the combination of qualities that define an ideal candidate-Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) reservoir. The Coso Geothermal Field is an area where fluid temperatures exceeding 300°C have been measured at depths less than 10,000 feet and the reservoir is both highly fractured and tectonically stressed. Some of the wells within this portion of the reservoir are relatively impermeable,
Code based analysis for object-oriented systems
The basic features of object-oriented software makes it difficult to apply traditional testing methods in object-oriented systems. Control Flow Graph (CFG) is a well-known model used for identification of independent paths in procedural software. This ... Keywords: extended control flow graph, extended cyclomatic complexity, graph-based testing, object-oriented testing, test paths
Swapan Bhattacharya; Ananya Kanjilal
It is widely understood that energy storage is the key to integrating variable generators into the grid. It has been proposed that the thermal mass of buildings could be used as a distributed energy storage solution and several researchers are making headway in this problem. However, the inability to easily determine the magnitude of the building�s effective thermal mass, and how the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system exchanges thermal energy with it, is a significant challenge to designing systems which utilize this storage mechanism. In this paper we adapt modal analysis methods used in mechanical structures to identify the primary modes of energy transfer among thermal masses in a building. The paper describes the technique using data from an idealized building model. The approach is successfully applied to actual temperature data from a commercial building in downtown Boise, Idaho.
John Gardner; Kevin Heglund; Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg; Craig Rieger
Point to Point and Flow-based Financial Transmission Rights: Revenue Adequacy and Performance Incen-
mechanism for defining transmission rights in North Ameri- can restructured electricity markets is throughCHAPTER 3: Point to Point and Flow-based Financial Transmission Rights: Revenue Adequacy and Performance Incen- tives Shmuel S. Oren1 Abstract We provide an introduction to financial transmission rights
Oren, Shmuel S.
An Algorithm for Unrestored Flow Optimization in Survivable Networks Based on p-Cycles
This paper provides compound algorithm for Unrestorable Flow Optimisation (UFO) problem formulated for computer networks protected by p-cycles, created on the base of mathematical model and solution approaches proposed in our complementary paper [1]. ... Keywords: Computer network, UFO problem, optimization, p-cycles, survivability
Adam Smutnicki
Differential Thermal Analysis of Nickel-Base Superalloys
Differential thermal analysis was performed on over 200 nickel-base superalloys that ... differential thermal analysis (DTA) to simply and accurately measure.
Topology-based Feature Definition and Analysis
Defining high-level features, detecting them, tracking them and deriving quantities based on them is an integral aspect of modern data analysis and visualization. In combustion simulations, for example, burning regions, which are characterized by high fuel-consumption, are a possible feature of interest. Detecting these regions makes it possible to derive statistics about their size and track them over time. However, features of interest in scientific simulations are extremely varied, making it challenging to develop cross-domain feature definitions. Topology-based techniques offer an extremely flexible means for general feature definitions and have proven useful in a variety of scientific domains. This paper will provide a brief introduction into topological structures like the contour tree and Morse-Smale complex and show how to apply them to define features in different science domains such as combustion. The overall goal is to provide an overview of these powerful techniques and start a discussion how these techniques can aid in the analysis of astrophysical simulations.
Weber, Gunther H.; Bremer, Peer-Timo; Gyulassy, Attila; Pascucci, Valerio
Analysis and Design Significance of A-11 Flow-Induced Vibration Test, Phases I and III
Comparisons of the experimental data on seal pressure distributions obtained from the A-11 Flow Induced Vibration Test, Phases I and III, with analytical results including porous flow through the unimpregnated inner reflector cylinder for the same operating conditions show generally very good agreement. The principal deviations between analysis and experiment occurs when high pressure ratios exist across the last seal. Additional investigation, both in the relationship used in the analytical model and in the experimental area, are required to determine the cause of the deviation found between analysis and experiment when the pressure ratio across the last seal is near critical. As a result of this comparison, it appears that the analytical methods and assumtions made in predicting unheated seal pressure distributions are resonable, and may be used with confidence in the test prediction of the NRX-A1 cold flow test.
Gridded retarding pressure sensor for ion and neutral particle analysis in flowing plasmas
configuration can be used to measure the ion energy distribution. Preliminary data from this probe were takenGridded retarding pressure sensor for ion and neutral particle analysis in flowing plasmas Lyon B. Kinga) and Alec D. Gallimoreb) Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Department
King, Lyon B.
CFD analysis of the effect of elbow radius on pressure drop in multiphase flow
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed in four different 90 degree elbows with air-water two-phase flows. The inside diameters of the elbows were 6.35mm and 12.7mm with radius to diameter ratios (r/D) of 1.5 to 3. The pressure drops ...
Quamrul H. Mazumder
Analysis of granular flow in a pebble-bed nuclear reactor Chris H. Rycroft,1
Analysis of granular flow in a pebble-bed nuclear reactor Chris H. Rycroft,1 Gary S. Grest,2 James February 2006; published 24 August 2006 Pebble-bed nuclear reactor technology, which is currently being States, the Modular Pebble Bed Reactor MPBR 4,8 is a candidate for the next generation nuclear plant
Bazant, Martin Z.
Randomized flow model and centrality measure for electrical power transmission network analysis
1 Randomized flow model and centrality measure for electrical power transmission network analysis. Centrality measures can then be coherently defined. An example of application to an electrical power transmission system is presented. Acknowledgements This work has been partially funded by the Foundation pour
A Linear Analysis on the Acceleration of Zonal Flow by Baroclinic Instability. Part I. Terrestrial Atmosphere
A mechanism which accelerates the midlatitude zonal-mean wind is investigated by means of linear stability analysis for the wave-zonal flow interaction. Two kinds of models are analyzed: In the first, the basic state consists of an unstable zonal-...
T. Sasamori; K. Droegemeier
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Acid Based Blend Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries - Alan Cisar, Lynntech
Acid Based Blend Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries Acid Based Blend Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries DOE Grant No: DE-SC0006306 Alan Cisar* and Chris Rhodes Lynntech, Inc., 2501 Earl Rudder Freeway South, College Station, TX 77845 *E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, Phone: 979.764.2311 Prof. Arumugam Manthiram University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 Prof. Fuqiang Liu University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 Conclusions Lynntech, in conjunction with the University of Texas and the University of Texas at Arlington, developed a new series of low-cost polymer blend membranes with high proton conductivity and ultralow vanadium ion permeability. The proton conductivity and physical properties of these membranes are tunable by adjusting the ratio of acid and base components. Membrane conductivity was found to be more critical to
Street-based Topological Representations and Analyses for Predicting Traffic Flow in GIS
It is well received in the space syntax community that traffic flow is significantly correlated to a morphological property of streets, which are represented by axial lines, forming a so called axial map. The correlation co-efficient (R square value) approaches 0.8 and even a higher value according to the space syntax literature. In this paper, we study the same issue using the Hong Kong street network and the Hong Kong Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) datasets, and find surprisingly that street-based topological representations (or street-street topologies) tend to be better representations than the axial map. In other words, vehicle flow is correlated to a morphological property of streets better than that of axial lines. Based on the finding, we suggest the street-based topological representations as an alternative GIS representation, and the topological analyses as a new analytical means for geographic knowledge discovery.
Jiang, Bin
1992 Columbia River Salmon Flow Measures Options Analysis/EIS : Appendices.
This Options Analysis/Environmental Impact Statement (OA/EIS) identifies, presents effects of, and evaluates the potential options for changing instream flow levels in efforts to increase salmon populations in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers. The potential actions would be implemented during 1992 to benefit juvenile and adult salmon during migration through eight run-of-river reservoirs. The Corps of Engineers (Corps) prepared this document in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration and the Bureau of Reclamation. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is a participating agency. The text and appendices of the document describe the characteristics of 10 Federal projects and one private water development project in the Columbia River drainage basin. Present and potential operation of these projects and their effects on the salmon that spawn and rear in the Columbia and Snake River System are presented. The life history, status, and response of Pacific salmon to current environmental conditions are described. The document concludes with an evaluation of the potential effects that could result from implementing proposed actions. The conclusions are based on evaluation of existing data, utilization of numerical models, and application of logical inference. This volume contains the appendices.
Wiki-based Techno Economic Analysis of a Lignocellulosic ...
Biomass and Biofuels Wiki-based Techno Economic Analysis of a Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Contact LBL About ...
Drift-flux analysis of two-phase flow in microgravity
As NASA programs such as the International Space Station, the Space Shuttle, the Space Nuclear Power Initiative, and other future spacecraft become more demanding, two-phase (gas-liquid) systems for advanced life support and thermal management are highly advantageous over single-phase systems. Two-phase fluid loops provide significant thermal transport advantages over their single-phase counterparts and are able to carry more energy per unit mass than single-phase systems. They are also able to transport more energy per unit pumping power than single-phase systems. These two advantages alone offer great reductions in both mass and volume, which are two primary design parameters for space-based systems. Unfortunately, the ability to predict two-phase phenomena such as flow regime transitions and void fraction at microgravity conditions is greatly limited and its development is still in its infancy. A Texas A&M University two-phase flow loop was tested aboard NASA's KC-135 aircraft to collect two-phase microgravity data for dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12). A wide variety of flow rates were tested and many different flow regimes were observed. Data produced by the two-phase microgravity experiment were analyzed in accordance with the drift-flux model to calculate the distribution parameter, C?, and the drift-velocity, V[gj], of the two-phase mixture. The C?and V[gj] found for each flow regime were compared with other microgravity and a one-g upflow data. The C? for the slug flow regime was greater than that of the transition and annular flow regimes respectively for the microgravity data and correlated well with other R-12 microgravity data for the slug flow regime. The V[gj] for slug flow was found to be negative, which was unexpected, but the drift velocities for the transition and annular flow regimes provided expected results. The V[gj] for the annular flow regime in microgravity was less than that of the one-g upflow system due to the lower superficial velocities required in microgravity. Similarly, the C? for the R-12 microgravity data was higher than for a one-g upflow system due to its lower void fraction. A common C? and V[gj] can be used to predict void fraction for the transition and annular flow regimes for R-12 for the same pipe diameter and operating conditions.
Braisted, Jonathan David
Rock matrix and fracture analysis of flow in western tight gas sands: 1986 annual report
This report presents progress for the second year of a five-year project concerned with the pore structure and flow properties of low permeability gas sands. The main objective of work during the first year was to carry out advanced core analysis on cores recovered from the Multi-Well Field Experiment. In Phase 2, the properties of both fractured and non-fractured samples (hereafter referred to as matrix) have been studied. Special attention was given to the combined effect of overburden pressure and water saturation on gas flow. 11 refs., 18 figs., 4 tabs.
Morrow, N.R.; Buckley, J.S.; Cather, S.M.; Brower, K.R.; Dandge, V.; Graham, M.; Gonzales, B.
Simulation Analysis of Within-Day Flow Fluctuation Effects on Trout below Flaming Gorge Dam
This report demonstrates the use of an individual-based model for studying the impact of river flow fluctuations resulting from hydroelectric project operation on a tailwater trout fishery. The study was conducted at the Flaming Gorge Hydroelectric Project on the Green River in Utah.
Secured CAD Back-End Flow for Power-Analysis-Resistant Cryptoprocessors
This article presents a comprehensive back-end design flow that enables the realization of constant-power cryptoprocessors, natively protected against side-channel attacks exploiting the instant power consumption. The proposed methodology is based on ... Keywords: robust hardware, back-end design automation, power-constant architectures, side-channel attacks, mitigation, DFM, DFY
Sylvain Guilley; Florent Flament; Philippe Hoogvorst; Renaud Pacalet; Yves Mathieu
Analysis of Mass Flow and Enhanced Mass Flow Methods of Flashing Refrigerant-22 from a Small Vessel
The mass flow characteristics of flashing Refrigerant-22 from a small vessel were investigated. A flash boiling apparatus was designed and built. It was modeled after the flashing process encountered by the accumulator of air-source heat pump systems. Three small pyrex glass vessels were used to hold the refrigerant and allow for visualization studies of the flashing process. Baseline experiments were run varying initial pressure, initial refrigerant amount, orifice diameter, and vessel geometry. Three sets of experiments were run using two passive enhancement methods (the addition of steel balls and the addition of small amounts of oil) and one active enhancement method (the addition of an immersion heater). Furthermore, a lumped-parameter analytical model was developed from basic thermodynamic principles that predicted the rate of depressurization for the flashing refrigerant. The study showed that the initial refrigerant amount and the orifice size had the greatest influence on the mass flow and pressure characteristics during each sixty second test. The initial pressure and vessel volume had less of an impact under the conditions tested. Two of the enhancement methods consistently increased the amount of refrigerant flashed during the tests as compared to the baseline data for the same initial conditions. The addition a 1 cm layer of 3.6 mm steel balls to the base of the vessel increased the amount flashed from 21% to 81% and the addition of the 215-watt flat-spiral immersion heater the increased the amount flashed from 47% to 111 %. Foaming at the vapor-liquid interface was observed with the refrigerant-oil mixture experiments as two of the eight test conditions averaged an increase while six averaged a decrease, ranging from a 21% increase to a 27% decrease. The analytical depressurization model predicted general pressure and mass flux trends, and revisions to the model improved pressure predictions to within �11%.
Nutter, Darin Wayne
ESS 2012 Peer Review - New Generation Aqueous Base Redox Flow Battery Component Development - Wei Wang, PNNL
Generation Aqueous Base Redox Flow Generation Aqueous Base Redox Flow Battery Component Development Wei Wang, Qingtao Luo, Xiaoliang Wei, Bin Li, Zimin Nie, Baowei Chen, Yuyan Shao, Vijayakumar Murugesan, Amy Chen, Gordon, Xia, Liyu Li, Gary Z. Yang, Vincent Sprenkle Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard P. O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352, USA DOE Stationary Energy Storage Program Review, Washington, DC Sept. 26-28, 2012 Dr. Imre Gyuk 1 2 Review of previous work 2.5M, ~30Wh/L, -5~50 o C Mixed-acid VRB Double Energy Density Extend temperature window Charge Discharge Charge Discharge Charge Discharge Catholyte: VO 2+ + Cl - + H 2 O - e VO 2 Cl + 2H + ε co =1.0 V Anolyte: V 3+ + e V 2+ ε ao =-0.25 Overall: VO 2+ + Cl
Neutron formation temperature gauge and neutron activation analysis brine flow meter. Final report, October 1, 1976--March 31, 1978
Feasibility studies of nuclear techniques applicable to the determination of geothermal formation temperature and two-phase brine flow downhole have been performed. The formation temperature gauging technique involves injection of fast neutrons into the formation and analysis of the moderated slow neutron energy distribution by appropriately filtered neutron detectors. The scientific feasibility of the method has been demonstrated by analytical computational and experimental evaluation of the system response. A data analysis method has been developed to determine unambiguously the temperature, neutron absorption cross section and neutron moderating power of an arbitrary medium. The initial phase of a program to demonstrate the engineering feasibility of the technique has been performed. A sonde mockup was fabricated and measurements have been performed in a test stand designed to simulate a geothermal well. The results indicate that the formation temperature determined by this method is independent of differences between the temperature in the borehole fluid and the formation, borehole fluid density, and borehole fluid salinity. Estimates of performance specifications for a formation temperature sonde have been made on the basis of information obtained in this study and a conceptual design of a logging system has been developed. The technique for the determination of fluid flow in a well is based on neutron activation analysis of elements present in the brine. An analytical evaluation of the method has been performed. The results warrant further, experimental evaluation.
Vagelatos, N.; Steinman, D.K.; John, J.
CFD Analysis of Turbulent Flow Phenomena in the Lower Plenum of a Prismatic Gas-Cooled Reactor
This paper is concerned with the implementation of a computational model of turbulent flow in a section of the lower plenum of Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR). The proposed model has been encoded in a state-of-the-art CFD code, NPHASE. The results of NPHASE predictions have been compared against the experimental data collected using a scaled model of a sub-region in the lower plenum of a modular prismatic gas-cooled reactor. It has been shown that the NPHASE-based model is capable of predicting a three-dimensional velocity field in a complex geometrical configuration of VHTR lower plenum. The current and future validations of computational predictions are necessary for design and analysis of new reactor concepts, as well as for safety analysis and licensing calculations.
T. Gallaway; S.P. Antal; M.Z. Podowski; D.P. Guillen
FAST 1.0 - Flow Path Analysis for Steam Turbines, Version 1.0
FAST Software Flow Analysis of Steam Turbines is a tool for performance engineers, designers and financial analysts. This tool is for industry use by utilities and manufacturers to evaluate thermal performance characteristics of existing and proposed turbine steam-path modifications/upgrades. Description The FAST software diagnoses performance problems and facilitates the economic evaluation of steam-path upgrade options. FAST software is used primarily by the thermal performance engineer in both fossil ...
An analysis of the standard system of differential equations describing multi-speed flows of multi-phase media is performed. It is proved that the Cauchy problem, as posed in most best-estimate thermal-hydraulic codes, results in unstable solutions and potentially unreliable description of many physical phenomena. A system of equations, free from instability effects, is developed allowing more rigorous numerical modeling.
[Geothermal resource/reservoir investigations based on heat flow and thermal gradient data for the US]. 6. quarterly technical progress report
During the second quarter of the second year of the contract activity has focused on the task of implementing the exploration well data base. In addition the author has continued to work on the tasks of the maintenance of the WWW site with the heat flow and gradient data base, and development of a modeling capability for analysis of the geothermal system exploration data. He is implementing the data base template for geothermal system temperature-depth/gradient/heat flow data to be used in conjunction with the regional temperature-depth/gradient/heat flow data base that he had already developed. The implementation this quarter has focused on the state of Nevada as the most number of wells are there and few of the wells have been previously available in a data base. A map is enclosed that updates the state of Nevada from the preliminary map in the first quarterly report. They presently are entering data into the geothermal data base. They now have over 1,000 sites in Nevada with data from the sources that they have access to at this time. The breakdown based on the data now entered into the data base is shown in a table.
Blackwell, D.D.
[Geothermal resource/reservoir investigations based on heat flow and thermal gradient data for the US]. 7. quarterly technical progress report
During the report period, activity has continued to focus on the task of implementing the exploration well data base. In addition the author has continued to work on the tasks of the maintenance of the WWW site with the heat flow and gradient data base, and development of a modeling capability for analysis of the geothermal system exploration data. He is implementing the data base template for geothermal system temperature-depth/gradient/heat flow data to be used in conjunction with the regional temperature-depth/gradient/heat flow data base that he had already developed. Some results of the implementation are included with this report in the form of graphic summaries of the data prepared from the assembled data base. He has continued to enter data into the geothermal data base. The implementation this quarter has continued to focus on the state of Nevada as the most number of wells are there and few of the wells have been previously available in a data base. During this quarter he has maintained the Internet home page illustrating and having available for distribution the regional data base and maps. The address of the page is http://www.smu.edu/{approximately}geothermal/.
A low numerical dissipation patch-based adaptive mesh refinement method for large-eddy simulation of compressible flows
We present a methodology for the large-eddy simulation of compressible flows with a low-numerical dissipation scheme and structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR). A description of a conservative, flux-based hybrid numerical method that uses both centered ... Keywords: Compressible flow, LES, Numerical methods, SAMR, Turbulence
C. Pantano; R. Deiterding; D. J. Hill; D. I. Pullin
Existence and stability results based on asymptotic analysis for ...
Jan 1, 2012 ... Existence and stability results based on asymptotic analysis for semidefinite linear complementarity problems ... Hector Ram rez C.(hramirez.
Session Papers Preliminary Analysis of Ground-Based Microwave...
Analysis of Ground-Based Microwave and Infrared Radiance Observations During the Pilot Radiation OBservation Experiment E. R. Westwater, Y. Han, J. H. Churnside, and J. B....
Posters Preliminary Analysis of Ground-Based Microwave and Infrared...
Finite Element Based Stress Analysis and Optimization of Crankshaft
Results achieved from aforementioned analysis were used in optimization of the ... Phase Transformations Based on a Grain Boundary and Interfacial Energy�...
Information flow metrics analysis in object oriented programming and metrics validation process by RAA algorithm
Transparent data flow metrics and control flow metrics had no main concern which to be handled by a compiler. Nowadays similar hardware and multithreaded coding is increased. Consequently, both data flow and control flow become more important in analyses ... Keywords: Ant colony algorithm, Information flow metrics, Object oriented information flow, Object oriented programming, Rule accuracy algorithm, Rule induction
Abdul Jabbar; Subramani Sarala
Single- and two-phase flow in microfluidic porous media analogs based on Voronoi tessellation
The objective of this study was to create a microfluidic model of complex porous media for studying single and multiphase flows. Most experimental porous media models consist of periodic geometries that lend themselves to comparison with well-developed theoretical predictions. However, most real porous media such as geological formations and biological tissues contain a degree of randomness and complexity that is not adequately represented in periodic geometries. To design an experimental tool to study these complex geometries, we created microfluidic models of random homogeneous and heterogeneous networks based on Voronoi tessellations. These networks consisted of approximately 600 grains separated by a highly connected network of channels with an overall porosity of 0.11 0.20. We found that introducing heterogeneities in the form of large cavities within the network changed the permeability in a way that cannot be predicted by the classical porosity-permeability relationship known as the Kozeny equation. The values of permeability found in experiments were in excellent agreement with those calculated from three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations. In two-phase flow experiments of oil displacement with water we found that the surface energy of channel walls determined the pattern of water invasion, while the network topology determined the residual oil saturation. These results suggest that complex network topologies lead to fluid flow behavior that is difficult to predict based solely on porosity. The microfluidic models developed in this study using a novel geometry generation algorithm based on Voronoi tessellation are a new experimental tool for studying fluid and solute transport problems within complex porous media.
Wu, Mengjie [Colorado School of Mines, Golden; Xiao, Feng [Colorado School of Mines, Golden; Johnson-Paben, Rebecca [Colorado School of Mines, Golden; Retterer, Scott T [ORNL; Yin, Xiaolong [Colorado School of Mines, Golden; Neeves, Keith B [ORNL
Banshee: a scalable constraint-based analysis toolkit
We introduce Banshee, a toolkit for constructing constraint-based analyses. Banshee's novel features include a code generator for creating customized constraint resolution engines, incremental analysis based on backtracking, and fast persistence. ...
John Kodumal; Alex Aiken
Shear-slip analysis in multiphase fluid-flow reservoir engineeringap plications using TOUGH-FLAC
This paper describes and demonstrates the use of the coupledTOUGH-FLAC simulator for geomechanical shear-slip (failure) analysis inmultiphase fluid-flow reservoir-engineering applications. Two approachesfor analyzing shear-slip are described, one using continuum stress-strainanalysis and another using discrete fault analysis. The use of shear-slipanalysis in TOUGH-FLAC is demonstrated on application examples related toCO2 sequestration and geothermal energy extraction. In the case of CO2sequestration, the shear-slip analysis is used to evaluate maximumsustainable CO2-injection pressure under increasing reservoir pressure,whereas in the case of geothermal energy extraction, the shear-slipanalysis is used to study induced seismicity during steam productionunder decreasing reservoir pressure and temperature.
Rutqvist, Jonny; Birkholzer, Jens; Cappa, Frederic; Oldenburg,Curt; Tsang, Chin-Fu
Thermal Analysis and Stress Analysis of the Heat-Exchange Pipe Based on ANSYS
ANSYS to be as a finite element analysis software has powerful features in thermal analysis and structural analysis. Based on ANSYS thermal analysis function, this paper selects SOLID90 unit, for thermal analysis on the heat-exchange pipe of heat exchanger ... Keywords: ANSYS, temperature distribution, stress distribution
Fenhua Li; Jian Xing; Yuan Liu
Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Data Base | Open Energy Information
Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Data Base Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Data Base Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: GTAP 6 Data Base Agency/Company /Organization: Purdue University Sector: Energy Topics: Policies/deployment programs, Co-benefits assessment, - Macroeconomic, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Dataset Website: www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/databases/v6/default.asp GTAP 6 Data Base Screenshot References: GTAP Data Base[1] "The GTAP Data Base is a fully documented, publicly available global data base which contains complete bilateral trade information, transport and protection linkages among 113 regions for all 57 GTAP commodities for a single year. " GTAP 6 Data Base "Includes: Updated data base corresponds to the global economy in 2001 Additional regional disaggregation (87 regions and 57 sectors),
Geographically Based Hydrogen Demand and Infrastructure Analysis
Analysis Analysis Prepared for: 2010-2025 H2 Scenario Analysis Meeting Margo Melendez - NREL 2 Disclaimer and Government License This work has been authored by Midwest Research Institute (MRI) under Contract No. DE-AC36- 99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy (the "DOE"). The United States Government (the "Government") retains and the publisher, by accepting the work for publication, acknowledges that the Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for Government purposes. Neither MRI, the DOE, the Government, nor any other agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability
Uncertainty Analysis Framework - Hanford Site-Wide Groundwater Flow and Transport Model
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) embarked on a new initiative to strengthen the technical defensibility of the predictions being made with a site-wide groundwater flow and transport model at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. In FY 2000, the focus of the initiative was on the characterization of major uncertainties in the current conceptual model that would affect model predictions. The long-term goals of the initiative are the development and implementation of an uncertainty estimation methodology in future assessments and analyses using the site-wide model. This report focuses on the development and implementation of an uncertainty analysis framework.
Cole, Charles R.; Bergeron, Marcel P.; Murray, Christopher J.; Thorne, Paul D.; Wurstner, Signe K.; Rogers, Phillip M.
Lexicon-based methods for sentiment analysis
We present a lexicon-based approach to extracting sentiment from text. The Semantic Orientation CALculator (SO-CAL) uses dictionaries of words annotated with their semantic orientation (polarity and strength), and incorporates intensification and negation. ...
Maite Taboada; Julian Brooke; Milan Tofiloski; Kimberly Voll; Manfred Stede
Value based analysis of acquisition portfolios
Currently, program-funding allocation is based on program performance. Funding cuts commonly lead to a poor reflection on the program management assigned to the given program. If additional factors such as program risk and ...
Burgess, Cheri Nicole Markt
Vibrational analysis of graphene based nanostructures
This paper deals with the molecular mechanics simulations of graphene nanostructures and their vibration behavior for potential applications on nano-electronics and nanocomposites. The fundamental frequencies for CNTs range from 10 to 250GHz and 100 ... Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Graphene nanosheets, Modal analysis, Molecular mechanics, Vibration
Antonio F. �vila; Alexandre C. Eduardo; Almir S. Neto
Distributed Data-Flow for In-Situ Visualization and Analysis at Petascale
We conducted a feasibility study to research modifications to data-flow architectures to enable data-flow to be distributed across multiple machines automatically. Distributed data-flow is a crucial technology to ensure that tools like the VisIt visualization application can provide in-situ data analysis and post-processing for simulations on peta-scale machines. We modified a version of VisIt to study load-balancing trade-offs between light-weight kernel compute environments and dedicated post-processing cluster nodes. Our research focused on memory overheads for contouring operations, which involves variable amounts of generated geometry on each node and computation of normal vectors for all generated vertices. Each compute node independently decided whether to send data to dedicated post-processing nodes at each stage of pipeline execution, depending on available memory. We instrumented the code to allow user settable available memory amounts to test extremely low-overhead compute environments. We performed initial testing of this prototype distributed streaming framework, but did not have time to perform scaling studies at and beyond 1000 compute-nodes.
Laney, D E; Childs, H R
Carbon flow and ecosystem dynamics in the Mississippi River plume described by inverse analysis
Planktonic ecosystem dynamics in the buoyant Mississippi River plume were investigated using inverse analysis, a technique that incorporates data describing ecosystem processes and calculates rates of unknown trophic flows and sedimentation in the plume ecosystem. The waters receiving the Mississippi River were divided into four subregions connected by water flow to discretize the gradient of ecosystem properties as river water mixed with ocean water. Each subregion was represented by eight interconnected compartments that were linked to adjacent subregions by advective carbon flow. Models were produced for 4 seasons. Solutions for three seasons (spring, summer, and fall) showed a small region of net autotrophy associated with mid-salinity waters (15-29 psu), surrounded by a larger region of net heterotrophic waters where production did not meet respiratory carbon demand. In addition to moving more than 20% of total plume primary productivity out of the study region, westward water flow moved excess organic carbon from autotrophic regions to heterotrophic regions. In contrast, the winter result indicated a plume that was net-heterotrophic in all 4 subregions with high aerobic bacterial respiration and relatively low primary production that did not meet respiratory demand. Inputs of riverine DOC and carbon from resuspended sediments were required to make up the deficit. Sedimentation of organic carbon was linked to primary production in the mid-salinity regions of the plume, with strongest sedimentation from the productive mid-salinity regions during most of the year. Sedimentation was enhanced beneath less productive, higher salinity areas, due to inputs of organic carbon advected from mid-salinity regions. During winter organic carbon sedimentation was calculated to be zero. The models indicated that a dynamic relationship between primary production and sedimentation exists and provide a good starting point for future development of models which directly address the relationships between nutrient inputs, primary production, sedimentation, and hypoxia in the economically and environmental important regions of the Louisiana Shelf.
Breed, Greg Allen
Urban Sewage Delivery Heat Transfer System (1): Flow Resistance and Energy Analysis
The thimble delivery heat-transfer (TDHT) system is one of the primary modes to utilize the energy of urban sewage. Given the schematic diagram of TDHT system, introducing the definition of equivalent fouling roughness height, and using the Niklaus semi-rational resistance coefficient formula in rough region, the calculation methods of the sewage flow resistance are explained. Through the resistance contrastive analysis of sewage and pure mediate water, the results indicate that the mediate water sub-system is the primary design point of the TDHT system. The economical ratio of flux and velocity is determined by optimization analysis of investment and operating cost in the technical feasible range. The paper will provide reference for pipe design and pump selection of urban sewage cool or heat source applied delivery heat transfer methods.
Zhang, C.; Wu, R.; Li, G.; Li, X.; Huang, L.; Sun, D.
Analysis of char-slag interaction and near-wall particle segregation in entrained-flow gasification of coal
The fate of carbon particles during entrained-flow gasification of coal in the slagging regime is analyzed. More specifically, the study addresses the relevance of segregation of carbon particles in a near-wall region of the gasifier to coal conversion. Segregation of carbon particles is analyzed considering the effects of turbulence- and swirl-promoted particle migration toward the wall, interaction of the impinging particles with the wall ash layer, coverage of the slag layer by refractory carbon particles, accumulation of carbon particles in a dense-dispersed phase near the wall of the gasifier. Operating conditions of the gasifier and slag properties may be combined so as to give rise to a variety of conversion regimes characterized by distinctively different patterns of carbon particles segregation. A simple 1D model of an entrained-flow gasifier has been developed based on the conceptual framework of carbon particle segregation. The model aims at providing a general assessment of the impact of the different patterns of carbon particle segregation on the course and extent of carbon gasification. A sensitivity analysis with reference to selected model parameters is performed to identify key processes controlling carbon segregation and their impact on the gasifier performance. (author)
Montagnaro, Fabio [Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario del Monte di Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli (Italy); Salatino, Piero [Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II and Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli (Italy)
Disaggregating regional energy supply/demand and flow data to 173 BEAs in support of export coal analysis. Final report
This report documents the procedures and results of a study sponsored jointly by the US Department of Transportation and the US Department of Energy. The study was conducted to provide, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)-level production/consumption data for energy materials for 1985 and 1990 in support of an analysis of transportation requirements for export coal. Base data for energy forecasts at the regional level were obtained from the Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. The forecasts selected for this study are described in DOE/EIA's 1980 Annual Report to Congress, and are: 1985 Series, B, medium oil import price ($37.00/barrel); and 1990 Series B, medium oil import price ($41.00/barrel). Each forecast period is extensively described by approximately forty-three statistical tables prepared by EIA and made available to TERA for this study. This report provides sufficient information to enable the transportation analyst to appreciate the procedures employed by TERA to produce the BEA-level energy production/consumption data. The report presents the results of the procedures, abstracts of data tabulations, and various assumptions used for the preparation of the BEA-level data. The end-product of this effort was the BEA to BEA energy commodity flow data by more which serve as direct input to DOT's transportation network model being used for a detailed analysis of export coal transportation.
Control Technology - Multi-Pollutant Control Using Membrane-Based Up-Flow
Control Control Control Technologies - Multi-Pollutant Control Using Membrane-Based Up-Flow Wet Precipitation Up-Flow Wet Precipitation The primary objective of this work is to compare the performance of metallic collecting surfaces to the performance of membrane collecting surfaces in a wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP), in terms of their efficiency in removing fine particulates, acid aerosols, and mercury from an actual power plant flue gas stream. The relative durability and overall cost-effectiveness of the membrane collectors versus metallic collectors will also be evaluated. Due to the higher specific powers, superior corrosion resistance, and better wetting and cleaning qualities, the membrane-collecting surface is expected to perform better than the metallic surface. The second objective of the project will be to compare the overall fine particulate, acid aerosol, and mercury removal efficiency of the baseline flue gas treatment system on BMP Units 1 and 2 to the efficiencies obtained when the two wet ESP systems (metallic and membrane collectors) are added to the existing treatment system.
This is the Final Report of the ''Multi-Pollutant Control Using Membrane-Based Up-flow Wet Electrostatic Precipitation'' project funded by the US Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory under DOE Award No. DE-FC26-02NT41592 to Croll-Reynolds Clean Air Technologies (CRCAT). In this 18 month project, CRCAT and its team members conducted detailed emission tests of metallic and new membrane collection material within a wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) at First Energy's Penn Power's Bruce Mansfield (BMP) plant in Shippingport, Pa. The Membrane WESP was designed to be as similar as the metallic WESP in terms of collection area, air-flow, and electrical characteristics. Both units are two-field units. The membrane unit was installed during the 2nd and 3rd quarters of 2003. Testing of the metallic unit was performed to create a baseline since the Mansfield plant had installed selective catalytic reduction equipment for NOx control and a sodium bisulfate injection system for SO3 control during the spring of 2003. Tests results on the metallic WESP were consistent with previous testing for PM2.5, SO3 mist and mercury. Testing on the membrane WESP demonstrated no adverse impact and equivalent removal efficiencies as that of the metallic WESP. Testing on both units was performed at 8,000 acfm and 15,000 acfm. Summary results are shown.
James Reynolds
Sandia National Laboratories analysis code data base
Sandia National Laboratories, mission is to solve important problems in the areas of national defense, energy security, environmental integrity, and industrial technology. The Laboratories` strategy for accomplishing this mission is to conduct research to provide an understanding of the important physical phenomena underlying any problem, and then to construct validated computational models of the phenomena which can be used as tools to solve the problem. In the course of implementing this strategy, Sandia`s technical staff has produced a wide variety of numerical problem-solving tools which they use regularly in the design, analysis, performance prediction, and optimization of Sandia components, systems and manufacturing processes. This report provides the relevant technical and accessibility data on the numerical codes used at Sandia, including information on the technical competency or capability area that each code addresses, code ``ownership`` and release status, and references describing the physical models and numerical implementation.
Peterson, C.W.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Protein Biomarker Using a Portable Fluorescence Biosensor based on Quantum Dots and a Lateral Flow Test Strip
A portable fluorescence biosensor with rapid and ultrasensitive response for trace protein has been built up with quantum dots and lateral flow test strip. The superior signal brightness and high photostability of quantum dots are combined with the promising advantages of lateral flow test strip and resulted in high sensitivity, selectivity and speedy for protein detection. Nitrated ceruloplasmin, a significant biomarker for cardiovascular disease, lung cancer and stress response to smoking, was used as model protein to demonstrate the good performances of this proposed Qdot-based lateral flow test strip. Quantitative detection of nitrated ceruloplasmin was realized by recording the fluorescence intensity of quantum dots captured on the test line. Under optimal conditions, this portable fluorescence biosensor displays rapid responses for nitrated ceruloplasmin in wide dynamic range with a detection limit of 0.1ng/mL (S/N=3). Furthermore, the biosensor was successfully utilized for spiked human plasma sample detection with the concentration as low as 1ng/mL. The results demonstrate that the quantum dot-based lateral flow test strip is capable for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of nitrated ceruloplasmin and hold a great promise for point-of-care and in field analysis of other protein biomarkers.
Li, Zhaohui; Wang, Ying; Wang, Jun; Tang, Zhiwen; Pounds, Joel G.; Lin, Yuehe
PC-based fluid and heat transfer analyzer for two-phase flow in pipes.
??Modeling the simultaneous flow of gas and liquid or two-phase gas-liquid flow in pipes is a key aspect in petroleum production. These models can enhance� (more)
Afonja, Gbolahan.
High temperature ultrasonic gas flow sensor based on lead free piezoelectric material
are satisfied by flow meters with multiple ultrasonic measurement paths, typically supplied as a spool piece and used in custody transfer applications such as natural gas pipelines. With respect to flow metering in general, a substantial and key body of work... and ?T is the differential temperature. The disadvantages of thermal mass flow meters are discussed at length by Baker [11] and Miller [10]. The response of the instrument to changes in flow velocity is typically slow due to the thermal inertia...
Krsmanovic, Dalibor
Image analysis algorithms for estimating porous media multiphase flow variables from computed microtomography data: a validation study
Image analysis of three-dimensional microtomographic image data has become an integral component of pore scale investigations of multiphase flow through porous media. This study focuses on the validation of image analysis algorithms for identifying phases and estimating porosity, saturation, solid surface area, and interfacial area between fluid phases from gray-scale X-ray microtomographic image data. The data used in this study consisted of (1) a two-phase high precision bead pack from which porosity and solid surface area estimates were obtained and (2) three-phase cylindrical capillary tubes of three different radii, each containing an air-water interface, from which interfacial area was estimated. The image analysis algorithm employed here combines an anisotropic diffusion filter to remove noise from the original gray-scale image data, a k-means cluster analysis to obtain segmented data, and the construction of isosurfaces to estimate solid surface area and interfacial area. Our method was compared with laboratory measurements, as well as estimates obtained from a number of other image analysis algorithms presented in the literature. Porosity estimates for the two-phase bead pack were within 1.5% error of laboratory measurements and agreed well with estimates obtained using an indicator kriging segmentation algorithm. Additionally, our method estimated the solid surface area of the high precision beads within 10% of the laboratory measurements, whereas solid surface area estimates obtained from voxel counting and two-point correlation functions overestimated the surface area by 20--40%. Interfacial area estimates for the air-water menisci contained within the capillary tubes were obtained using our image analysis algorithm, and using other image analysis algorithms, including voxel counting, two-point correlation functions, and the porous media marching cubes. Our image analysis algorithm, and other algorithms based on marching cubes, resulted in errors ranging from 1% to 20% of the analytical interfacial area estimates, whereas voxel counting and two-point correlation functions overestimated the analytical interfacial area by 20--40%. In addition, the sensitivity of the image analysis algorithms on the resolution of the microtomographic image data was investigated, and the results indicated that there was little or no improvement in the comparison with laboratory estimates for the resolutions and conditions tested.
Porter, Mark L.; Wildenschild, Dorthe; (Oregon State U.)
Software-Based Building Airflow Analysis Tool for Enabling HVAC...
Software-Based Building Airflow Analysis Tool for Enabling HVAC Energy Use Savings in Commercial Buildings Speaker(s): Don Wroblewski Date: March 8, 2013 - 12:00pm Location:...
Detailed analysis of the wake and free-flow characteristics at the Goodnoe Hills MOD-2 site
Wind data collected at nine meteorological towers at the Goodnoe Hills MOD-2 wind turbine site were analyzed to characterize the wind flow over the site both in the absence and presence of wind turbine wakes. Although previous studies have examined the wake and free-flow characteristics at the site, data collected in 1985 from nine towers permitted a much more detailed and accurate analysis than was previously possible. 13 refs., 25 figs., 7 tabs.
Elliott, D.L.; Barnard, J.C.
On guided model-based analysis for ear biometrics
Ears are a new biometric with a major advantage in that they appear to maintain their structure with increasing age. Current approaches have exploited 2D and 3D images of the ear in human identification. Contending that the ear is mainly a planar shape ... Keywords: Biometrics, Ear biometrics, Ear embryology, Model-based analysis, Occlusion analysis
Banafshe Arbab-Zavar; Mark S. Nixon
Adaptive time-frequency analysis based on autoregressive modeling
A new adaptive method for discrete time-frequency analysis based on autoregressive (AR) modeling is introduced. The performance of AR modeling often depends upon a good selection of the model order. The predictive least squares (PLS) principle of Rissanen ... Keywords: Adaptive filters, Autoregressive modeling, Least squares methods, Model order, Time-frequency analysis
Antonio H. Costa; Stephan Hengstler
Flow cytometric analysis of respiratory tract cells exposed to oil shale and silica particulates. [Hamsters
Flow cytometric techniques were used to measure the cytological and biochemical damage to respiratory tract cells in animals exposed to particulates. Hamsters were exposed to raw and spent oil shale particulates and silica by intratracheal instillation. Exfoliated lung cells were obtained by sacrificing the animals and lavaging the respiratory tract posterior to the trachea with saline. Cell samples were fixed in ethanol and stained with mithramycin for fluorescence analysis of DNA content. DNA content distributions from hamsters exposed to spent oil shale and silica particulates showed atypical changes 28 to 35 days later. Cell counts and total numbers of macrophages, leukocytes, and epithelial cells in the lavage fluid also showed marked changes related to time after exposure.
Steinkamp, J.A.; Wilson, J.S.
Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of combustion flames in four-burner impinging entrained-flow gasifier
On a laboratory-scale testing platform of impinging entrained-flow gasifier with four opposed burners, the flame images for diesel combustion and gasification process were measured with a single charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The two-dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis was employed to investigate the multifractal nature of the flame images. Sound power-law scaling in the annealed average of detrended fluctuations was unveiled when the order $q>0$ and the multifractal feature of flame images were confirmed. Further analyses identified two multifractal parameters, the minimum and maximum singularity $\\alpha_{\\min}$ and $\\alpha_{\\max}$, serving as characteristic parameters of the multifractal flames. These two characteristic multifractal parameters vary with respect to different experimental conditions.
Niu, Miao-Ren; Yan, Zhuo-Yong; Guo, Qing-Hua; Liang, Qin-Feng; Wang, Fu-Chen; Yu, Zun-Hong
Generalized Forchheimer Equation for Two-Phase Flow Based on Hybrid Mixture Theory
In this paper, we derive a Forchheimer-type equation for two-phase flow through an isotropic porous medium using hybrid mixture theory. Hybrid mixture theory consists of classical mixture theory applied to a multiphase system with volume averaged equations. It applies to media in which the characteristic length of each phase is "small" relative to the extent of the mixture. The derivation of a Forchheimer equation for single phase flow has been obtained elsewhere. These results are extended to include multiphase swelling materials which have non-negligible interfacial thermodynamic properties. Key words. Porous media, swelling porous media, high velocity flow, non-Darcy flow, two-phase flow, multi-phase flow, mixture theory, Forchheimer equation. 1 Introduction Darcy-type equations are used to describe the flow of a single-phase fluid through porous media in a number of situations. The classical Darcy equation, first derived experimentally in 1856, states that the flux is pro...
Lynn Schreyer Bennethum; Tizian Giorgi
Representative element modeling of fracture systems based on stochastic analysis
An important task associated with reservoir simulation is the development of a technique to model a large number of fractures with a single description. Representative elements must be developed before reservoir scale simulations can adequately address the effects of intersecting fracture systems on fluid migration. An effective element model will sharply reduce the cost and complexity of large scale simulations to bring these to manageable levels. Stochastic analysis is a powerful tool which can determine the hydraulic and transport characteristics of intersecting sets of statistically defined fractures. Hydraulic and transport characteristics are required to develop representative elements. Given an assumption of fully developed laminar flow, the net fracture conductivities and hence flow velocities can be determined from descriptive statistics of fracture spacing, orientation, aperture, and extent. The distribution of physical characteristics about their mean leads to a distribution of the associated conductivities. The variance of hydraulic conductivity induces dispersion into the transport process. The simplest of fracture systems, a single set of parallel fractures, is treated to demonstrate the usefulness of stochastic analysis. Explicit equations for conductivity of an element are developed and the dispersion characteristics are shown. The analysis reveals the dependence of the representative element properties on the various parameters used to describe the fracture system. 10 refs., 3 figs.
Clemo, T.M.
AN ANALYSIS OF FORECAST BASED REORDER POINT POLICIES : THE BENEFIT OF USING FORECASTS Mohamed Zied Ch^atenay-Malabry Cedex, France Abstract: In this paper, we analyze forecast based inventory control policies for a non-stationary demand. We assume that forecasts and the associated uncertainties are given
An Analysis of the Kinetic Energy Budget for Two Extratropical Cyclones: The Vertically Averaged Flow and the Vertical Shear Flow
An analysis of the kinetic energy budget is made for two intensely developing cyclones over North America. The principal kinetic energy source for the first cyclone is the net horizontal transport of kinetic energy across the boundaries of the ...
Jordan C. Alpert
Dynamic Fracture Conductivity�An Experimental Investigation Based on Factorial Analysis
This work is about fracture conductivity; how to measure and model it based on experimental data. It is also about how to determine the relative importance of the factors that affect its magnitude and how to predict its magnitude based on these factors. We dynamically placed the slurry hereby simulating the slurry placement procedure in a field-scale fracture. We also used factorial and fractional factorial designs as the basis of our experimental investigation. The analysis and interpretation of experimental results take into account the stochastic nature of the process. We found that the relative importance of the investigated factors is dependent on the presence of outliers and how they are handled. Based on our investigation we concluded that the investigated factors arranged in order of decreasing impact on conductivity are: closure stress, polymer loading, flow back rate, presence of breaker, temperature and proppant concentration. In particular, we find that at high temperatures, fracture conductivity was severely reduced due to the formation of a dense proppant-polymer cake. Also, dehydration of the residual gel in the fracture at high flow back rates appears to cause severe damage to conductivity at higher temperatures. This represents a new way of thinking about the fracture cleanup process; not only as a displacement process, but also as a displacement and evaporative process. In engineering practice, this implies that aggressive flow back schemes are not necessarily beneficial for conductivity development. Also, we find that at low proppant concentrations, there is the increased likelihood of the formation of channels and high porosity fractures resulting in high fracture conductivities. The uniqueness of this work is a focus on the development of a conductivity model using regression analysis and also the illustration of a procedure that can be used to develop a conductivity model using dimensional analysis. We reviewed both methodologies and applied them to the challenge of modeling fracture conductivity from experimental studies.
Awoleke, Obadare O
An Integrated Modeling Analysis of Unsaturated Flow Patterns in Fractured Rock
study, heat flow simulations use a 3-D thermal model grid (model grid, which is used for gas flow and ambient heat-flowgrid showing a smaller model domain, used for modeling gas and heat
Wu, Yu-Shu; Lu, Guoping; Zhang, Keni; Pan, Lehua; Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S.
Analysis of Gravity Waves Generated at the Top of a Drainage Flow
Drainage or katabatic flows are common mesoscale circulations established as a result of differential radiative cooling of near-surface air masses in sloping terrain. The initial irruption of these flows, with sudden shifts in wind speed and ...
Samuel Viana; Enric Terradellas; Carlos Yag�e
As aggressive reductions in boiler emissions are mandated, the electric utility industry has been moving toward installation of improved methods of burner flow measurement and control to optimize combustion for reduced emissions. Development of cost effective controls requires an understanding of how variations in air and coal flows relate to emission rates. This project used computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling to quantify the impacts of variations of burner air and fuel flows on furnace operating...
High Performance Computing Based Methods for Simulation and Optimisation of Flow Problems.
??The thesis is concerned with the study of methods in high-performance computing for simulation and optimisation of flow problems that occur in the framework of� (more)
Bockelmann, Hendryk
Asymptotic and numerical analysis of an inviscid bounded vortex flow at low Mach number
The inviscid low Mach number compressible flow developing from a plane incompressible vortex with constant density in a bounded domain is studied. A reference solution for this model flow is obtained by two-time scale asymptotic development in the zero ... Keywords: Asymptotic development, Compressible low Mach number flow, Explicit Roe scheme, Implicit scheme, WENO and high-order-compact schemes
Anne Cadiou; Lionel Le Penven; Marc Buffat
CFD Analysis of Core Bypass Flow and Crossflow in the Prismatic Very High Temperature Gas-cooled Nuclear Reactor
Very High Temperature Rector (VHTR) had been designated as one of those promising reactors for the Next Generation (IV) Nuclear Plant (NGNP). For a prismatic core VHTR, one of the most crucial design considerations is the bypass flow and crossflow effect. The bypass flow occurs when the coolant flow into gaps between fuel blocks. These gaps are formed as a result of carbon expansion and shrinkage induced by radiations and manufacturing and installation errors. Hot spots may appear in the core if the large portion of the coolant flows into bypass gaps instead of coolant channels in which the cooling efficiency is much higher. A preliminary three dimensional steady-state CFD analysis was performed with commercial code STARCCM+ 6.04 to investigate the bypass flow and crossflow phenomenon in the prismatic VHTR core. The k-? turbulence model was selected because of its robustness and low computational cost with respect to a decent accuracy for varied flow patterns. The wall treatment used in the present work is two-layer all y+ wall treatment to blend the wall laws to estimate the shear stress. Uniform mass flow rate was chose as the inlet condition and the outlet condition was zero gauge pressure outlet. Grid independence study was performed and the results indicated that the discrepancy of the solution due to the mesh density was within 2% of the bypass flow fraction. The computational results showed that the bypass flow fraction was around 12%. Furthermore, the presence of the crossflow gap resulted in a up to 28% reduction of the coolant in the bypass flow gap while mass flow rate of coolant in coolant channels increased by around 5%. The pressure drop at the inlet due to the sudden contraction in area could be around 1kpa while the value was about 180 Pa around the crossflow gap region. The error analysis was also performed to evaluate the accumulated errors from the process of discretization and iteration. It was found that the total error was around 4% and the variation for the bypass flow fraction was within 1%.
Wang, Huhu 1985-
Preliminary Analysis of Grande Ronde Basalt Formation Flow Top Transmissivity as it Relates to Assessment and Site Selection Applications for Fluid/Energy Storage and Sequestration Projects
Spane, Frank A.
Lambda Station: On-demand flow based routing for data intensive Grid applications over multitopology networks
Lambda Station is an ongoing project of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology. The goal of this project is to design, develop and deploy network services for path selection, admission control and flow based forwarding of traffic among data-intensive Grid applications such as are used in High Energy Physics and other communities. Lambda Station deals with the last-mile problem in local area networks, connecting production clusters through a rich array of wide area networks. Selective forwarding of traffic is controlled dynamically at the demand of applications. This paper introduces the motivation of this project, design principles and current status. Integration of Lambda Station client API with the essential Grid middleware such as the dCache/SRM Storage Resource Manager is also described. Finally, the results of applying Lambda Station services to development and production clusters at Fermilab and Caltech over advanced networks such as DOE's UltraScience Net and NSF's UltraLight is covered.
Bobyshev, A.; Crawford, M.; DeMar, P.; Grigaliunas, V.; Grigoriev, M.; Moibenko, A.; Petravick, D.; Rechenmacher, R.; /Fermilab; Newman, H.; Bunn, J.; Van Lingen, F.; Nae, D.; Ravot, S.; Steenberg, C.; Su, X.; Thomas, M.; Xia, Y.; /Caltech
VFLOW2D - A Vorte-Based Code for Computing Flow Over Elastically Supported Tubes and Tube Arrays
A numerical flow model is developed to simulate two-dimensional fluid flow past immersed, elastically supported tube arrays. This work is motivated by the objective of predicting forces and motion associated with both deep-water drilling and production risers in the oil industry. This work has other engineering applications including simulation of flow past tubular heat exchangers or submarine-towed sensor arrays and the flow about parachute ribbons. In the present work, a vortex method is used for solving the unsteady flow field. This method demonstrates inherent advantages over more conventional grid-based computational fluid dynamics. The vortex method is non-iterative, does not require artificial viscosity for stability, displays minimal numerical diffusion, can easily treat moving boundaries, and allows a greatly reduced computational domain since vorticity occupies only a small fraction of the fluid volume. A gridless approach is used in the flow sufficiently distant from surfaces. A Lagrangian remap scheme is used near surfaces to calculate diffusion and convection of vorticity. A fast multipole technique is utilized for efficient calculation of velocity from the vorticity field. The ability of the method to correctly predict lift and drag forces on simple stationary geometries over a broad range of Reynolds numbers is presented.
Flow Allocation Model and Algorithm Based on Multi-target Coal Transportation Network
Coal transportation network consists of multiple logistics nodes and transportation paths. As the node capacity and cost factors is limited, its flow distribution is a multi-target and multi-constraint problem. Through the use of multi-target planning ... Keywords: flow allocation, model, algorithm, multi-target, coal transportation network
Tingting Zhu; Tianjun Hu; Xifu Wang; Yalong Zhao
B-Spline Image Model for Energy Minimization-Based Optical Flow Estimation
Robust estimation of the optical flow is addressed through a multiresolution energy minimization. It involves repeated evaluation of spatial and temporal gradients of image intensity which rely usually on bilinear interpolation and image filtering. We ... Keywords: Optical flow (OF), robust estimation, splines
G. Le Besnerais; F. Champagnat
A quadrature-based third-order moment method for dilute gas-particle flows
Dilute gas-particle flows can be described by a kinetic equation containing terms for spatial transport, gravity, fluid drag, and particle-particle collisions. However, the direct numerical solution of the kinetic equation is intractable for most applications ... Keywords: Boltzmann equation, Gas-particle flows, Kinetic equation, Quadrature method of moments, Velocity distribution function
R. O. Fox
A quadrature-based moment method for dilute fluid-particle flows
Gas-particle and other dispersed-phase flows can be described by a kinetic equation containing terms for spatial transport, acceleration, and particle processes (such as evaporation or collisions). In principle, the kinetic description is valid from ... Keywords: Fluid-particle flows, Kinetic equation, Multiphase systems, Number density function, Quadrature method of moments
O. Desjardins; R. O. Fox; P. Villedieu
Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation for Hydrogen Transition Analysis
Agent Agent Agent - - Based Modeling Based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) and Simulation (ABMS) for Hydrogen Transition for Hydrogen Transition Analysis Analysis Marianne Mintz Hydrogen Transition Analysis Workshop US Department of Energy January 26, 2006 Objectives and Scope for Phase 1 2 Analyze the hydrogen infrastructure development as a complex adaptive system using an agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) approach Develop an ABMS model to simulate the evolution of that system, spanning the entire H2 supply chain from production to consumption Identify key factors that either promote or inhibit the growth of H2 infrastructure Apply ABMS to get new insights into transition, particularly early transition phase - Dynamic interplay between supply and demand
Low-Drift Flow Sensor with Zero-Offset Thermopile-Based Power Feedback
A thermal flow sensor has been realised consisting of freely-suspended silicon-rich silicon-nitride microchannels with an integrated Al/poly-Si++ thermopile in combination with up- and downstream Al heater resistors. The inherently zero offset of the thermopile is exploited in a feedback loop controlling the dissipated power in the heater resistors, eliminating inevitable influences of resistance drift and mismatch of the thin-film metal resistors. The control system cancels the flow-induced temperature difference across the thermopile by controlling a power difference between both heater resistors, thereby giving a measure for the flow rate. The flow sensor was characterised for power difference versus water flow rates up to 1.5 ul/min, being in good agreement with a thermal model of the sensor, and the correct low-drift operation of the temperature-balancing control system has been verified.
Dijkstra, M; De Boer, Meint; Berenschot, J W; Wiegerink, Remco; Elwenspoek, M
CFD Analysis for Flow Behavior Characteristics in the Upper Plenum during low flow/low pressure transients for the Gas Cooled Fast Reactor (GCFR)
Gas coolant at low pressure exhibits poor heat transfer characteristics. This is an area of concern for the passive response targeted by the Generation IV GCFR design. For the first 24 hour period, the decay heat removal for the GCFR design is dependent on an actively powered blower, which also would reduce the temperature in the fuel during transients, before depending on the passive operation. Natural circulation cooling initiates when the blower is stopped for the final phase of the decay heat removal, as under forced convection the core decay heat is adequately cooled by the running blower. The ability of the coolant to flow in the reverse direction or having recirculation, when the blowers are off, necessitates more understanding of the flow behavior characteristics in the upper plenum. The work done here focuses primarily on the period after the blower has been turned off, as the core is adequately cooled when the blowers are running, thus there was no need to carry out the analysis for the first 24 hours. In order to understand the plume behavior for the GCFR upper plenum several cases were run, with air, helium and helium-air mixture. For each case, the FLUENT was used to characterize the steady state velocity vectors and corresponding temperature in the upper plenum under passive decay heat removal conditions. This study will provide better insight into the plume interaction in the upper plenum at low flow and low pressure conditions.
Piyush Sabharwall; Theron Marshall; Kevan Weaver; Hans Gougar
Acceleration of Plasma Flows in the Solar Atmosphere Due to Magnetofluid Coupling - Simulation and Analysis
Within the framework of a two-fluid description possible pathways for the generation of fast flows (dynamical as well as steady) in the lower solar atmosphere is established. It is shown that a primary plasma flow (locally sub-Alfv\\'enic) is accelerated when interacting with emerging/ambient arcade--like closed field structures. The acceleration implies a conversion of thermal and field energies to kinetic energy of the flow. The time-scale for creating reasonably fast flows ($\\gtrsim 100$ km/s) is dictated by the initial ion skin depth while the amplification of the flow depends on local $\\beta $. It is shown, for the first time, that distances over which the flows become "fast" are $\\sim 0.01 R_s$ from the interaction surface; later the fast flow localizes (with dimensions $\\lesssim 0.05 R_S$) in the upper central region of the original arcade. For fixed initial temperature the final speed ($\\gtrsim 500 km/s$) of the accelerated flow, and the modification of the field structure are independent of the time-duration (life-time) of the initial flow. In the presence of dissipation, these flows are likely to play a fundamental role in the heating of the finely structured Solar atmosphere.
Swadesh M. Mahajan; Nana L. Shatashvili; Solomon V. Mikeladze; Ketevan I. Sigua
Rock matrix and fracture analysis of flow in western tight gas sands
Advanced core analysis includes measurements on the matrix properties of the rock. Matrix properties are important even in fractured wells since it is these properties which determine the rate of gas flow into the fractures. Cores are being tested from the fluvial, coastal, and paludal zones of the Mesaverde. At least two cores from each of these zones from all three wells will be analyzed. Properties measured include permeability as a function of confining pressure over the range of 500 to 5000 psi. A minimum of two Klinkenberg permeabilities are being determined from at least five data points. Interpretation includes estimates of pore size from gas slippage. Water adsorption and desorption isotherms will be determined for selected samples with data points being obtained at the following relative humidities: 0, 20, 40, 60, 75, 90, 92, 95 and 98. Porosity measurements from both thin section examination and volumetric measurements are being made. These results will be compared with the porosities of the cored internals determined from logs.
Morrow, N.R.; Brower, K.R.; Ward, J.S.
Flow Characteristics Analysis of Widows' Creek Type Control Valve for Steam Turbine Control
The steam turbine converts the kinetic energy of steam to mechanical energy of rotor blades in the power conversion system of fossil and nuclear power plants. The electric output from the generator of which the rotor is coupled with that of the steam turbine depends on the rotation velocity of the steam turbine bucket. The rotation velocity is proportional to the mass flow rate of steam entering the steam turbine through valves and nozzles. Thus, it is very important to control the steam mass flow rate for the load following operation of power plants. Among various valves that control the steam turbine, the control valve is most significant. The steam flow rate is determined by the area formed by the stem disk and the seat of the control valve. While the ideal control valve linearly controls the steam mass flow rate with its stem lift, the real control valve has various flow characteristic curves pursuant to the stem lift type. Thus, flow characteristic curves are needed to precisely design the control valves manufactured for the operating conditions of nuclear power plants. OMEGA (Optimized Multidimensional Experiment Geometric Apparatus) was built to experimentally study the flow characteristics of steam flowing inside the control valve. The Widows' Creek type control valve was selected for reference. Air was selected as the working fluid in the OMEGA loop to exclude the condensation effect in this simplified approach. Flow characteristic curves were plotted by calculating the ratio of the measured mass flow rate versus the theoretical mass flow rate of the air. The flow characteristic curves are expected to be utilized to accurately design and operate the control valve for fossil as well as nuclear plants. (authors)
Yoo, Yong H.; Sohn, Myoung S.; Suh, Kune Y. [PHILOSOPHIA, Inc., Seoul National University, San 56-1 Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 (Korea, Republic of)
An Enskog based Monte Carlo method for high Knudsen number non-ideal gas flows
high Knudsen number non-ideal gas flows References [1] Gad-121: [2] Bird GA. Molecular gas dynamics. Oxford: Clarendon1976. [3] Bird GA. Molecular Gas Dynamics and the Direct
Wang, Moran; Li, Zhixin
Anisotropic output-based adaptation with tetrahedral cut cells for compressible flows
Anisotropic, adaptive meshing for flows around complex, three-dimensional bodies remains a barrier to increased automation in computational fluid dynamics. Two specific advances are introduced in this thesis. First, a ...
Park, Michael Andrew
Experimental Analysis of the Flow, Pressure, Speed, and Torque Characteristics of Two Eaton Geroler Hydraulic Motors.
??This paper presents data collected examining the flow, pressure, speed, and torque characteristics of two Eaton Geroler hydraulic motors. A test installation was designed and� (more)
Cazaban, Philip M.
Acceleration of plasma flows in the closed magnetic fields: Simulation and analysis
Within the framework of a two-fluid description, possible pathways for the generation of fast flows (dynamical as well as steady) in the closed magnetic fields are established. It is shown that a primary plasma flow (locally sub-Alfvenic) is accelerated while interacting with ambient arcade-like closed field structures. The time scale for creating reasonably fast flows (> or approx. 100 km/s) is dictated by the initial ion skin depth, while the amplification of the flow depends on local plasma {beta}. It is shown that distances over which the flows become 'fast' are {approx}0.01R{sub 0} from the interaction surface (R{sub 0} being a characteristic length of the system); later, the fast flow localizes (with dimensions or approx. 500 km/s) of the accelerated flow and the modification of the field structure are independent of the time duration (lifetime) of the initial flow. In the presence of dissipation, these flows are likely to play a fundamental role in the heating of the finely structured stellar atmospheres; their relevance to the solar wind is also obvious.
Mahajan, Swadesh M.; Shatashvili, Nana L.; Mikeladze, Solomon V.; Sigua, Ketevan I. [Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States); Plasma Physics Department, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0128 and Georgia Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34014 Trieste (Italy); Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi 0177 (Georgia)
Purged window apparatus. [On-line spectroscopic analysis of gas flow systems
A purged window apparatus is described which utilizes tangentially injected heated purge gases in the vicinity of electromagnetic radiation transmitting windows and a tapered external mounting tube to accelerate these gases to provide a vortex flow on the window surface and a turbulent flow throughout the mounting tube thereby preventing backstreaming of flowing gases under investigation in a chamber to which a plurality of similar purged apparatus is attached with the consequent result that spectroscopic analyses can be undertaken for lengthy periods without the necessity of interrupting the flow for cleaning or replacing the windows due to contamination.
Ballard, E.O.
Physics-based seismic hazard analysis on petascale heterogeneous supercomputers
We have developed a highly scalable and efficient GPU-based finite-difference code (AWP) for earthquake simulation that implements high throughput, memory locality, communication reduction and communication/computation overlap and achieves linear scalability ... Keywords: CyberShake, GPU, SCEC, earthquake ground motions, hybrid heterogeneous, seismic hazard analysis, weak scaling
Y. Cui, E. Poyraz, K. B. Olsen, J. Zhou, K. Withers, S. Callaghan, J. Larkin, C. Guest, D. Choi, A. Chourasia, Z. Shi, S. M. Day, P. J. Maechling, T. H. Jordan
Low Dose Radiation Research Program: Biologically Based Analysis of Lung
Biologically Based Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence in a Large Biologically Based Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence in a Large Canadian Occupational Cohort with Low-LET Low-dose Radiation Exposure, and Comparison with Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors. Authors: W.D. Hazelton, D. Krewski, S.H. Moolgavkar Lung cancer incidence is analyzed in a large Canadian National Dose Registry (CNDR) cohort with individual annual dosimetry for low-dose occupational exposure to gamma and tritium radiation using several types of multistage models. The primary analysis utilizes the two-stage clonal expansion model (TSCE), with sensitivity analyses using extensions of this model incorporating additional stages. Characteristic and distinct temporal patterns of risk are found for dose-response affecting early, middle, or late stages of carcinogenesis, e.g., initiation with one or more stages,
Geographically Based Hydrogen Consumer Demand and Infrastructure Analysis: Final Report
Geographically Based Hydrogen Geographically Based Hydrogen Consumer Demand and Infrastructure Analysis Final Report M. Melendez and A. Milbrandt Technical Report NREL/TP-540-40373 October 2006 NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Geographically Based Hydrogen Consumer Demand and Infrastructure Analysis Final Report M. Melendez and A. Milbrandt Prepared under Task No. HF65.8310 Technical Report NREL/TP-540-40373 October 2006 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute * Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
An Auto-Adaptive Multidomain Spectral Technique for Linear Stability Analysis: Application to Viscous Compressible Flows
An auto-adaptive multidomain pseudo-spectral technique is considered in order to solve the linear stability problem of viscous compressible flows. Both the locations of the interfaces and the parameters of the mappings in each subdomain are adapted by ... Keywords: Rayleigh�Taylor instability, compressible viscous flows, spectral multidomain method
Eric Serre; Serge Gauthier
Within the framework of a two-fluid description possible pathways for the generation of fast flows (dynamical as well as steady) in the lower solar atmosphere is established. It is shown that a primary plasma flow (locally sub-Alfv\\'enic) is accelerated when interacting with emerging/ambient arcade--like closed field structures. The acceleration implies a conversion of thermal and field energies to kinetic energy of the flow. The time-scale for creating reasonably fast flows ($\\gtrsim 100$ km/s) is dictated by the initial ion skin depth while the amplification of the flow depends on local $\\beta $. It is shown, for the first time, that distances over which the flows become "fast" are $\\sim 0.01 R_s$ from the interaction surface; later the fast flow localizes (with dimensions $\\lesssim 0.05 R_S$) in the upper central region of the original arcade. For fixed initial temperature the final speed ($\\gtrsim 500 km/s$) of the accelerated flow, and the modification of the field structure are independent of the time-d...
Mahajan, S M; Mikeladze, S V; Sigua, K I; Mahajan, Swadesh M.; Shatashvili, Nana L.; Mikeladze, Solomon V.; Sigua, Ketevan I.
Global Stability Analysis of Fluid Flows using Sum-of-Squares
flow is globally stable, if the flow does remain globally stable for Reynolds numbers at least ... ?v1,v2 � ?v3? = ??v3,v2 � ?v1?,. (2) ... Note that the nonlinear term u�?u in (4a) does not feature in the energy equation ...... Transactions on Automatic Control, 54(5):1007�1011, May 2009. ... Handbook of semidefinite program-.
Research | Children�s Health Substance Flow Analysis: A Case Study of Fluoride Exposure through Food and Beverages in Young Children Living in Ethiopia
Con t e x t: Dental and skeletal fluorosis is endemic in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Children are especially vulnerable to excessive fluoride intake because their permanent teeth are still being formed. Strategies to reduce the total fluoride intake by children are thus warranted. Case presentation: By combining the results of field studies in Ethiopia, the relevant pathways for fluoride intake have been identified in 28 children 2�5 years of age living in two villages on the Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. The focus of the present study was to simulate the fluoride intake of the children using the methods of material flow analysis (MFA) and substance flow analysis. Discussion: With a model based on MFA, we quantified the potential reduction in total fluoride intake given different scenarios�for example, by reducing the fluoride intake from drinking water and cooking water. The results show clearly that only by removing fluoride completely from both drinking and cooking water does the probability of remaining below the daily tolerable upper intake level exceed 50%. Both prepared food and food ingredients must be taken into consideration when assessing the total fluoride intake by children living in high-fluoride areas. Relevance: This knowledge will help health personnel, the government, and the food authorities to give scientifically based advice on strategies for reducing the total fluoride intake by children living in high-fluoride areas in the Ethiopian Rift Valley.
Marian Kjellevold Malde; Ruth Scheidegger; K�re Julshamn; Hans-peter Bader
Available transfer capability calculation with transfer based static security-constrained optimal power flow
In power market environment, available transfer capability (ATC) is an important index, indicating the amount of the further usable transmission capacity for commercial trading. ATC calculation is non-trivial when static security constraints are included. ... Keywords: available transfer capability (ATC), optimal power flow, power market, power system, static stability
M. Gandchi; M. Tarafdar Haque; A. Yazdanpanah
Short Note: A Fourier-based elliptic solver for vortical flows with periodic and unbounded directions
We present a computationally efficient, adaptive solver for the solution of the Poisson and Helmholtz equation used in flow simulations in domains with combinations of unbounded and periodic directions. The method relies on using FFTs on an extended ... Keywords: Elliptic solver, Infinite domain, Particle methods, Unbounded domain, Vortex methods
Philippe Chatelain; Petros Koumoutsakos
Numerical Simulation of Flow Field in Diesel Centrifugal Gas-Oil Separator Basing on CFD
Aiming at the low efficiency problem of the traditional gas-oil separator, this paper put forward a centrifugal gas-oil separator. In order to identify out the interior fluid field character of centrifugal gas-oil separator, RANS equation, RNG k-e model ... Keywords: Diesel, Centrifugal Gas-oil Separator, Flow Field, Separation Efficiency
Zhiguo Zhao
Development of a physically-based model for transport of Cryptosporidium parvum in overland flow
Surface runoff from animal production facilities contains numerous microbial pathogens which pose a direct health hazard to both humans and animals. In order to preserve safe water resources and sustainable agriculture by reducing runoff-mediated contamination ... Keywords: Flow, Hydrology, Pathogen, Transport, Watersheds
R. Bhattarai; P. Kalita; J. Trask; M. S. Kuhlenschmidt
In this paper, we derive a Forchheimer-type equation for two-phase flow through an isotropic porous medium using hybrid mixture theory. Hybrid mixture theory consists of classical mixture theory applied to a multiphase system with volume averaged equations. ...
Lynn S Bennethum; Tizian Giorgi
Unrestored Flow Optimization in Survivable Networks Based on p-Cycles
This paper deals with Unrestorable Flow Optimisation (UFO) problem in networks protected by p-cycles. This novel protection technique is used as the efficient tool for ensuring survivability of computer networks. In this paper there have been formulated ... Keywords: UFO problem, computer network, optimisation, p-cycles, survivability
Proposal and testing for a fiber-optic-based measurement of flow vorticity
by use of a fiber-optic coupler such that the resultant light detected by a photomul- tiplier becomes Tong, and Bruce J. Ackerson A fiber-optic arrangement is devised to measure the velocity difference, v as low as 50 m. The successful test of the fiber-optic technique in the laminar flow with one optical
Tong, Penger
Synoptic Analysis of the GUFMEX Return-Flow Event of 10�12 March 1988
Return flow is the moist southerly wind that develops over the Gulf of Mexico after an outbreak of polar air. Surface, aircraft, and special rawinsonde data collected during the Gulf of Mexico Experiment (GUFMEX) are used to describe the return-...
Robert T. Merrill
LES Analysis of the Aerodynamic Surface Properties for Turbulent Flows over Building Arrays with Various Geometries
This paper describes aerodynamic roughness properties for turbulent flows over various building arrays that represent realistic urban surface geometries. First, building morphological characteristics such as roughness density ?f and building ...
Hiromasa Nakayama; Tetsuya Takemi; Haruyasu Nagai
Instability of Non-Zonal Baroclinic Flows: Multiple-Scale Analysis
The linear instability of a non-zonal flow can be reduced to an eigenvalue-eigenfunction problem, governed by a nonseparable partial differential equation (Niehaus, 1980). Approximate solutions, found by the method of multiple scales, are derived ...
Margaret C. W. Niehaus
Propagation of a Tropical Cyclone in a Meridionally Varying Zonal Flow: An Energetics Analysis
Tropical cyclone propagation (the beta drift) is driven by a secondary circulation associated with axially asymmetric gyres (beta gyres) in the vicinity of the cyclone center. In the presence of the beta effect, the environmental flow may ...
Bin Wang; Xiaofan Li
Rheo-PIV Analysis of the Yielding and Flow of Model Waxy Crude Oils
Waxes are a commonly encountered precipitate that can result in the gelation of crude oils and cessation of flow in pipelines. In this work, we develop a model wax�oil system that exhibits rheological behavior similar to ...
Dimitriou, Christopher J.
Multifractal Analysis of Line-Source Plume Concentration Fluctuations in Surface-Layer Flows
A codimension multifractal methodology was used to analyze and to model scalar concentration fluctuations within sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas plumes from a line source in atmospheric surface-layer flows. Correspondence was exhibited between the ...
D. Finn; B. Lamb; M. Y. Leclerc; S. Lovejoy; S. Pecknold; D. Schertzer
Statistical GPU power analysis using tree-based methods
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have emerged as a promising platform for parallel computation. With a large number of scalar processors and abundant memory bandwidth, GPUs provide substantial computation power. While delivering high computation performance, ... Keywords: GTX 280 GPU, statistical GPU power analysis, parallel computation, scalar processors, memory bandwidth, computation power, power supplies, cooling systems, power consumption requirement, high-level GPU power consumption model, tree-based random Statistical forest methods, GPU runtime power consumption, performance metrics, GPU simulator, CUDA kernels
Jianmin Chen; Bin Li; Ying Zhang; Lu Peng; Jih-kwon Peir
Independent component analysis based filtering for penumbral imaging
We propose a filtering based on independent component analysis (ICA) for Poisson noise reduction. In the proposed filtering, the image is first transformed to ICA domain and then the noise components are removed by a soft thresholding (shrinkage). The proposed filter, which is used as a preprocessing of the reconstruction, has been successfully applied to penumbral imaging. Both simulation results and experimental results show that the reconstructed image is dramatically improved in comparison to that without the noise-removing filters.
Chen Yenwei; Han Xianhua; Nozaki, Shinya [College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577 (Japan); Institute of Computational Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong (China); Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213 (Japan); Okinawa National College of Technology, Okinawa (Japan)
Tariff-based analysis of commercial building electricityprices
This paper presents the results of a survey and analysis ofelectricity tariffs and marginal electricity prices for commercialbuildings. The tariff data come from a survey of 90 utilities and 250tariffs for non-residential customers collected in 2004 as part of theTariff Analysis Project at LBNL. The goals of this analysis are toprovide useful summary data on the marginal electricity prices commercialcustomers actually see, and insight into the factors that are mostimportant in determining prices under different circumstances. We providea new, empirically-based definition of several marginal prices: theeffective marginal price and energy-only anddemand-only prices, andderive a simple formula that expresses the dependence of the effectivemarginal price on the marginal load factor. The latter is a variable thatcan be used to characterize the load impacts of a particular end-use orefficiency measure. We calculate all these prices for eleven regionswithin the continental U.S.
Coughlin, Katie M.; Bolduc, Chris A.; Rosenquist, Greg J.; VanBuskirk, Robert D.; McMahon, James E.
Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Multiscale Preferential Flow - 8/05-8/10 - Final Report
The research agenda of this project are: (1) Modeling of preferential transport from mesoscale to macroscale; (2) Modeling of fast flow in narrow fractures in porous media; (3) Pseudo-parabolic Models of Dynamic Capillary Pressure; (4) Adaptive computational upscaling of flow with inertia from porescale to mesoscale; (5) Adaptive modeling of nonlinear coupled systems; and (6) Adaptive modeling and a-posteriori estimators for coupled systems with heterogeneous data.
Ralph Showalter; Malgorzata Peszynska
Climatology-Calibrated Precipitation Analysis at Fine Scales: Statistical Adjustment of Stage IV towards CPC Gauge Based Analysis
Two widely used precipitation analyses are the CPC Unified Global Daily Gauge Analysis and Stage IV analysis based on quantitative precipitation estimate with multi-sensor observations. The Former is based on gauge records with a uniform quality ...
Dingchen Hou; Mike Charles; Yan Luo; Zoltan Toth; Yuejian Zhu; Roman Krzysztofowicz; Ying Lin; Pingping Xie; Dong-Jun Seo; Malaquias Pena; Bo Cui
Security Analysis and Improvement Model for Web-based Applications
Today the web has become a major conduit for information. As the World Wide Web?s popularity continues to increase, information security on the web has become an increasing concern. Web information security is related to availability, confidentiality, and data integrity. According to the reports from http://www.securityfocus.com in May 2006, operating systems account for 9% vulnerability, web-based software systems account for 61% vulnerability, and other applications account for 30% vulnerability. In this dissertation, I present a security analysis model using the Markov Process Model. Risk analysis is conducted using fuzzy logic method and information entropy theory. In a web-based application system, security risk is most related to the current states in software systems and hardware systems, and independent of web application system states in the past. Therefore, the web-based applications can be approximately modeled by the Markov Process Model. The web-based applications can be conceptually expressed in the discrete states of (web_client_good; web_server_good, web_server_vulnerable, web_server_attacked, web_server_security_failed; database_server_good, database_server_vulnerable, database_server_attacked, database_server_security_failed) as state space in the Markov Chain. The vulnerable behavior and system response in the web-based applications are analyzed in this dissertation. The analyses focus on functional availability-related aspects: the probability of reaching a particular security failed state and the mean time to the security failure of a system. Vulnerability risk index is classified in three levels as an indicator of the level of security (low level, high level, and failed level). An illustrative application example is provided. As the second objective of this dissertation, I propose a security improvement model for the web-based applications using the GeoIP services in the formal methods. In the security improvement model, web access is authenticated in role-based access control using user logins, remote IP addresses, and physical locations as subject credentials to combine with the requested objects and privilege modes. Access control algorithms are developed for subjects, objects, and access privileges. A secure implementation architecture is presented. In summary, the dissertation has developed security analysis and improvement model for the web-based application. Future work will address Markov Process Model validation when security data collection becomes easy. Security improvement model will be evaluated in performance aspect.
Wang, Yong
Biofuels Production Based on Biofuels Production Based on Gasification Ryan M. Swanson, Justinus A. Satrio, and Robert C. Brown Iowa State University Alexandru Platon ConocoPhillips Company David D. Hsu National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-46587 November 2010 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuels Production Based on Gasification Ryan M. Swanson, Justinus A. Satrio, and Robert C. Brown Iowa State University Alexandru Platon
A Novel Power Flow Method for Long Term Frequency Stability Analysis
This thesis presents a novel approach for a power system to find a practical power flow solution when all the generators in the system have hit their real power output limits, such as some generator units shutting down or load outages. The approach assumes the frequency of the system is unable to be kept at the rated value (usually 60 or 50 Hz) and accordingly, the generator real power outputs are affected by the system frequency deviation. The modification aims to include the system frequency deviation as a new state variable in the power flow so that the power system can be described in a more precise way when the generation limits are hit and the whole system is not operated under the normal condition. A new mathematical formulation for power flow is given by modified the conventional power flow mismatch equation and Jacobian matrix. The Newton � Raphson method is particularly chose to be modified because Newton � Raphson method is most widely used and it is a fast convergent and accurate method. The Jacobian matrix will be augmented by adding a column and a row. Matlab is used as a programming tool to implement the Power Flow for Long Term Frequency Stability (PFLTFS) method for a simple 4-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system. And PSS/E Dynamic simulation is used to verify the steady state solution from PFLTFS is reasonable. The PSS/E Dynamic Simulation plots are used to analyze the long term frequency response. The PFLTFS method provides a technique for solving an abnormal state system power flow. From the results we can conclude that the PFLTFS method is reasonable for solving power flow of a real power unbalanced system.
Yan, Wenjin
Mathematical modelling, analysis and computation of some complex and nonlinear flow problems.
???This thesis consists of two parts: (I) modelling, analysis and computation of sweat transport in textile media; (II) unconditional convergence and optimal error analysis of� (more)
Li, Buyang (???)
A Comprehensive Statistically-Based Method to Interpret Real-Time Flowing Measurements
With the recent development of temperature measurement systems, continuous temperature profiles can be obtained with high precision. Small temperature changes can be detected by modern temperature measuring instruments such as fiber optic distributed temperature sensor (DTS) in intelligent completions and will potentially aid the diagnosis of downhole flow conditions. In vertical wells, since elevational geothermal changes make the wellbore temperature sensitive to the amount and the type of fluids produced, temperature logs can be used successfully to diagnose the downhole flow conditions. However, geothermal temperature changes along the wellbore being small for horizontal wells, interpretations of a temperature log become difficult. The primary temperature differences for each phase (oil, water, and gas) are caused by frictional effects. Therefore, in developing a thermal model for horizontal wellbore, subtle temperature changes must be accounted for. In this project, we have rigorously derived governing equations for a producing horizontal wellbore and developed a prediction model of the temperature and pressure by coupling the wellbore and reservoir equations. Also, we applied Ramey's model (1962) to the build section and used an energy balance to infer the temperature profile at the junction. The multilateral wellbore temperature model was applied to a wide range of cases at varying fluid thermal properties, absolute values of temperature and pressure, geothermal gradients, flow rates from each lateral, and the trajectories of each build section. With the prediction models developed, we present inversion studies of synthetic and field examples. These results are essential to identify water or gas entry, to guide flow control devices in intelligent completions, and to decide if reservoir stimulation is needed in particular horizontal sections. This study will complete and validate these inversion studies.
Keita Yoshioka; Pinan Dawkrajai; Analis A. Romero; Ding Zhu; A. D. Hill; Larry W. Lake
The Coordinated Control of a Central Air Conditioning System Based on Variable Chilled Water Temperature and Variable Chilled Water Flow
At present, regulation of water flow by means of pump frequency conversion is one of the major methods for power-saving in central air conditioning systems. In this article, optimization regulation for central air conditioning system on the basis of coordinative optimization control for variable chilled water temperature and variable chilled water flow to obtain better power savings is put forward. According to typical meteorological year data, hourly air conditioning load of whole year for every typical room has been calculated with the transmission function method. In order to guarantee each typical room, the highest cooling load rate is used as an input parameter for optimization calculation. Based on the surface cooler check model, the smallest energy consumption of chiller and chiller water pump was taken as the objective function of the optimization model. The performance characteristics of a chiller, water pump, regulation valve and pipeline are taken into account, and the optimization chilled water temperature and chilled water flow were carried out. The case study for a commercial building in Guangzhou showed that the annual power consumption of the chillers and pumps of the air conditioning system is lower by 17% only with employment of variable water flow regulation by pump frequency conversion. In the case of optimization control with coordinative control of variable chilled water temperature and variable chilled water flow, the annual power consumption of the chillers and pumps of the air conditioning system is reduced by 22% in presence of remarkable power saving effects. Increasing the chilled water temperature will reduce the dehumidified capability of the air cooler, and the indoor relative humidity will increase. The simulation showed that the adjustment optimized process meets the comfort of each typical room. The lower the cooling load rate is, the more obvious the effect of power-saving is. The highest power-saving rate appears in December, which is 36.7%. Meanwhile, the least rate appears in July, which is only 14.5%.
Liu, J.; Mai, Y.; Liu, X.
Analysis Of Residence Time Distribution Of Fluid Flow By Axial Dispersion Model
Radioactive tracer {sup 82}Br in the form of KBr-82 with activity {+-} 1 mCi has been injected into steel pipeline to qualify the extent dispersion of water flowing inside it. Internal diameter of the pipe is 3 in. The water source was originated from water tank through which the water flow gravitically into the pipeline. Two collimated sodium iodide detectors were used in this experiment each of which was placed on the top of the pipeline at the distance of 8 and 11 m from injection point respectively. Residence time distribution (RTD) curves obtained from injection of tracer are elaborated numerically to find information of the fluid flow properties. The transit time of tracer calculated from the mean residence time (MRT) of each RTD curves is 14.9 s, therefore the flow velocity of the water is 0.2 m/s. The dispersion number, D/uL, for each RTD curve estimated by using axial dispersion model are 0.055 and 0.06 respectively. These calculations are performed after fitting the simulated axial dispersion model on the experiment curves. These results indicated that the extent of dispersion of water flowing in the pipeline is in the category of intermediate.
Sugiharto [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia); Centre for Applications of Isotopes and Radiation Technology-National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta 12440 (Indonesia); Su'ud, Zaki; Kurniadi, Rizal; Waris, Abdul [Centre for Applications of Isotopes and Radiation Technology-National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta 12440 (Indonesia); Abidin, Zainal [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia)
An Integrated Modeling Analysis of Unsaturated Flow Patterns inFractured Rock
Characterizing percolation patterns in unsaturated zones hasposed a greater challenge to numerical modeling investigations thancomparable saturated zone studies, because of the heterogeneous nature ofunsaturated media as well as the great number of variables impactingunsaturated zone flow. This paper presents an integrated modelingmethodology for quantitatively characterizing percolation patterns in theunsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a proposed undergroundrepository site for storing high-level radioactive waste. It takes intoaccount the multiple coupled processes of air, water, heat flow andchemical isotopic transport in Yucca Mountain s highly heterogeneous,unsaturated fractured tuffs. The modeling approach integrates a widevariety of moisture, pneumatic, thermal, and isotopic geochemical fielddata into a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model for modelinganalyses. Modeling results are examined against different types offield-measured data and then used to evaluate different hydrogeologicalconceptual models and their results of flow patterns in the unsaturatedzone. In particular, this integration model provides a much clearerunderstanding of percolation patterns and flow behavior through theunsaturated zone, both crucial issues in assessing repositoryperformance. The integrated approach for quantifying Yucca Mountain sflow system is also demonstrated to provide a comprehensive modeling toolfor characterizing flow and transport processes in complex subsurfacesystems.
Wu, Yu-Shu; Lu, Guoping; Zhang, Keni; Pan, Lehua; Bodvarsson,Gudmundur S.
Development and performance analysis of a standard orifice flow calibration system
An orifice flow system has been developed indigenously which is a primary standard for the calibration of high vacuum gauges in the range of 10{sup -3}-10{sup -6} mbar. It consists of a constant-volume flow meter, designed to generate a known flow rate of a particular gas to the vacuum chamber. This chamber is partitioned into two parts by a plate with an orifice of calculable conductance. The pressures, generated by this standard system, are compared with those of secondary standard, namely, spinning rotor gauge. Different uncertainties and correction factors are calculated. The maximum percentage deviation is from 1.16% to 0.97%. The combined uncertainties over the entire calibration range of the standard system are in the range of 4.0x10{sup -6} mbar.
Akram, H. M.; Maqsood, M.; Rashid, H. [NINVAST, National Centre for Physics Complex, Shahdara Valley Road, P.O. Box 3125, Islamabad (Pakistan)
Reliability-based design optimization using efficient global reliability analysis.
Finding the optimal (lightest, least expensive, etc.) design for an engineered component that meets or exceeds a specified level of reliability is a problem of obvious interest across a wide spectrum of engineering fields. Various methods for this reliability-based design optimization problem have been proposed. Unfortunately, this problem is rarely solved in practice because, regardless of the method used, solving the problem is too expensive or the final solution is too inaccurate to ensure that the reliability constraint is actually satisfied. This is especially true for engineering applications involving expensive, implicit, and possibly nonlinear performance functions (such as large finite element models). The Efficient Global Reliability Analysis method was recently introduced to improve both the accuracy and efficiency of reliability analysis for this type of performance function. This paper explores how this new reliability analysis method can be used in a design optimization context to create a method of sufficient accuracy and efficiency to enable the use of reliability-based design optimization as a practical design tool.
Bichon, Barron J. (Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX); Mahadevan, Sankaran (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN); Eldred, Michael Scott
Flow reference method testing and analysis: Field test plan, Texas Utilities Decordova Steam Electric Station
This report describes the experimental design and test plan for the first of three field tests that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted in 1997 as part of a major study to evaluate potential improvements to Method 2, EPA`s test method for measuring flue gas volumetric flow in stacks. The experimental design involved four test teams taking concurrent in-stack measurements with velocity sensing probes. Seven types of probes were included in the study. Three test matrices were used to gather data for inter-probe and inter-team comparisons and to assess the impact of velocity decline near the stack wall on volumetric flow measurements.
Lieberman, E.; Werner, A.S.
Perturbative analysis of sheared flow Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a weakly relativistic magnetized electron fluid
In the interaction of intense lasers with matter/plasma, energetic electrons having relativistic energies get created. These energetic electrons can often have sheared flow profiles as they propagate through the plasma medium. In an earlier study [Phys. Plasmas 17, 022101 (2010)], it was shown that a relativistic sheared electron flow modifies the growth rate and threshold condition of the conventional Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. A perturbative analytic treatment for the case of weakly relativistic regime has been provided here. It provides good agreement with the numerical results obtained earlier.
Sundar, Sita; Das, Amita; Kaw, Predhiman [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382428 (India)
A direct approach to control-flow sensitive region-based memory management
Region-based memory management can be used to control dynamic memory allocations and deallocations safely and efficiently. Existing (direct-style) region systems that statically guarantee region safety---no dereferencing of dangling pointers---are based ...
Fritz Henglein; Henning Makholm; Henning Niss
5-Megawatt solar-thermal test facility: facility construction-cost analysis
The appropriation analysis, cash flow analysis, monthly cash flow analysis and construction cost estimate are tabulated for the 1 MW And 5 MW test facilities based upon limited initial appropriations, including work sheets for the construction cost estimates. (LEW)
Google-Map-Based Online Platform for Arterial Traffic Information and Analysis Yao-Jan Wu, Ph.D. Student (Corresponding Author)
Google-Map-Based Online Platform for Arterial Traffic Information and Analysis Yao-Jan Wu, Ph such systems focus on freeways rather than arterials or urban streets. This paper presents a Google networks. Key words: Google maps, arterial, traveler information system, traffic flow map, web technology
Washington at Seattle, University of
This is the Final Technical Report for DOE Cooperative Agreement No: DE-FC26-02NT41580. The goal of this project was to systematically assess the sensitivity of furnace operational conditions to burner air and fuel flows in coal fired utility boilers. The focus of this project was to quantify the potential impacts of ''fine level'' controls rather than that of ''coarse level'' controls (i.e. combustion tuning). Although it is well accepted that combustion tuning will generally improve efficiency and emissions of an ''out of tune'' boiler, it is not as well understood what benefits can be derived through active multiburner measurement and control systems in boiler that has coarse level controls. The approach used here was to utilize existing baseline furnace models that have been constructed using Reaction Engineering International's (REI) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Using CFD analyses provides the ability to carry out a carefully controlled virtual experiment to characterize the sensitivity of NOx emissions, unburned carbon (UBC), furnace exit CO (FECO), furnace exit temperature (FEGT), and waterwall deposition to burner air and fuel flow rates. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) provided co-funding for this program, and instrument and controls experts from EPRI's Instrument and Controls (I&C) Center have been active participants in this project. CFD simulations were completed for five coal fired boilers as planned: (1) 150 MW wall fired, (2) 500 MW opposed wall fired, (3) 600 MW T-Fired, (4) 330 MW cyclone-fired, and (5) 200 MW T-Fired Twin Furnace. In all cases, the unit selections were made in order to represent units that were descriptive of the utility industry as a whole. For each unit, between 25 and 44 furnace simulations were completed in order to evaluate impacts of burner to burner variations in: (1) coal and primary air flow rate, and (2) secondary air flow rate. The parametric matrices of cases that were completed were defined in order to accommodate sensitivity analyses of the results. The sensitivity analyses provide a strategy for quantifying the rate of change of NOx or unburned carbon in the fly ash to a rate of change in secondary air or fuel or stoichiometric ratio for individual burners or groups of burners in order to assess the value associated with individual burner flow control. In addition, the sensitivity coefficients that were produced provide a basis for quantifying the differences in sensitivities for the different boiler types. In a ranking of the sensitivity of NOx emissions to variations in secondary air flow between the burners at a fixed lower furnace stoichiometric ratio in order of least sensitive to most sensitive, the results were: (1) 600 MW T-Fired Unit; (2) 500 MW Opposed Wall-Fired Unit; (3) 150 MW Wall-Fired Unit; (4) 100 MW T-Fired Unit; and (5) 330 MW Cyclone-Fired Unit.
Marc Cremer; Dave Wang; Connie Senior; Andrew Chiodo; Steven Hardy; Paul Wolff
This project is motivated by the increasing use of distributed temperature sensors for real-time monitoring of complex wells (horizontal, multilateral and multi-branching wells) to infer the profiles of oil, gas, and water entry. Measured information can be used to interpret flow profiles along the wellbore including junction and build section. In this second project year, we have completed a forward model to predict temperature and pressure profiles in complex wells. As a comprehensive temperature model, we have developed an analytical reservoir flow model which takes into account Joule-Thomson effects in the near well vicinity and multiphase non-isothermal producing wellbore model, and couples those models accounting mass and heat transfer between them. For further inferences such as water coning or gas evaporation, we will need a numerical non-isothermal reservoir simulator, and unlike existing (thermal recovery, geothermal) simulators, it should capture subtle temperature change occurring in a normal production. We will show the results from the analytical coupled model (analytical reservoir solution coupled with numerical multi-segment well model) to infer the anomalous temperature or pressure profiles under various conditions, and the preliminary results from the numerical coupled reservoir model which solves full matrix including wellbore grids. We applied Ramey's model to the build section and used an enthalpy balance to infer the temperature profile at the junction. The multilateral wellbore temperature model was applied to a wide range of cases varying fluid thermal properties, absolute values of temperature and pressure, geothermal gradients, flow rates from each lateral, and the trajectories of each build section.
Pinan Dawkrajai; Keita Yoshioka; Analis A. Romero; Ding Zhu; A.D. Hill; Larry W. Lake
In modeling gas-liquid two-phase flows, the concept of flow regime has been used to characterize the global interfacial structure of the flows. Nearly all constitutive relations that provide closures to the interfacial transfers in two-phase flow models, such as the two-fluid model, are often flow regime dependent. Currently, the determination of the flow regimes is primarily based on flow regime maps or transition criteria, which are developed for steady-state, fully-developed flows and widely applied in nuclear reactor system safety analysis codes, such as RELAP5. As two-phase flows are observed to be dynamic in nature (fully-developed two-phase flows generally do not exist in real applications), it is of importance to model the flow regime transition dynamically for more accurate predictions of two-phase flows. The present work aims to develop a dynamic modeling strategy for determining flow regimes in gas-liquid two-phase flows through the introduction of interfacial area transport equations (IATEs) within the framework of a two-fluid model. The IATE is a transport equation that models the interfacial area concentration by considering the creation and destruction of the interfacial area, such as the fluid particle (bubble or liquid droplet) disintegration, boiling and evaporation; and fluid particle coalescence and condensation, respectively. For the flow regimes beyond bubbly flows, a two-group IATE has been proposed, in which bubbles are divided into two groups based on their size and shape (which are correlated), namely small bubbles and large bubbles. A preliminary approach to dynamically identifying the flow regimes is provided, in which discriminators are based on the predicted information, such as the void fraction and interfacial area concentration of small bubble and large bubble groups. This method is expected to be applied to computer codes to improve their predictive capabilities of gas-liquid two-phase flows, in particular for the applications in which flow regime transition occurs.
X. Wang; X. Sun; H. Zhao
Non-uniform isentropic gas flow analysis of explosion in fractured solid media
This paper presents a new formulation of non-uniform isentropic gas flow during an explosion in solid media. The present form takes into account additional effects of variations in geometries of voids and crack openings. Variations of mass, density, ... Keywords: Blast, Combined finite/discrete element method, Explosion, Gas-solid interaction
S. Mohammadi; A. Pooladi
AIAA Paper 2006-0102 Analysis of Jet Effects on Co-Flow Jet Airfoil
.-C. Zha, C. Paxton, A. Conley, A. Wells, and B. Carroll, "Effect of Injection Slot Size on High in this paper to analyze the jet effect on co-flow jet airfoil with injection and suction and the airfoil with injection only. The ducts reaction forces formulations to be included for lift and drag calculation
Zha, Gecheng
Prediction and Analysis of Rotor Tip-Clearance Flows using Large-Eddy Simulation
In order to analyze the dynamics of rotor tip-clearance flow and determine the underlying mechanism for the tip-leakage cavitation, a newly developed large-eddy simulation (LES) solver which combines an immersed-boundary method with a generalized curvilinearstructured ...
Donghyun You; Meng Wang; Parviz Moin; Rajat Mittal
Enhancing Cross-Correlation Analysis with Artificial Neural Networks for Nuclear Power Plant Feedwater Flow Measurement
One of the primary cost-saving objectives of the power plant industry, including the nuclear industry, has long been the efficient operation of plant systems. Since the maximum operating thermal power of any nuclear plant is bounded by the specific licensing ... Keywords: flow measurement, neural networks, nuclear power plant
Davide Roverso; Da Ruan
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Iron Based Flow Batteries for Low Cost Grid Level Energy Storage - Jesse Wainright, Case Western Reserve
authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy/Office of Electricity's Energy Storage Program. authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy/Office of Electricity's Energy Storage Program. Iron Based Flow Batteries for Low Cost Grid Level Energy Storage J.S. Wainright, R. F. Savinell, P.I.s Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Purpose Impact on Iron Based Batteries on the DOE OE Energy Storage Mission Recent Results Recent Results Develop efficient, cost-effective grid level storage capability based on iron. Goals of this Effort: * Minimize Cost/Watt by increasing current density - Hardware Cost >> Electrolyte Cost * Minimize Cost/Whr by increasing plating capacity * Maximize Efficiency by minimizing current lost to hydrogen evolution Electrochemistry of the all-Iron system:
Columbia University flow instability experimental program: Volume 2. Single tube uniformly heated tests -- Part 2: Uncertainty analysis and data
In June 1988, Savannah River Laboratory requested that the Heat Transfer Research Facility modify the flow excursion program, which had been in progress since November 1987, to include testing of single tubes in vertical down-flow over a range of length to diameter (L/D) ratios of 100 to 500. The impetus for the request was the desire to obtain experimental data as quickly as possible for code development work. In July 1988, HTRF submitted a proposal to SRL indicating that by modifying a facility already under construction the data could be obtained within three to four months. In January 1990, HTFR issued report CU-HTRF-T4, part 1. This report contained the technical discussion of the results from the single tube uniformly heated tests. The present report is part 2 of CU-HTRF-T4 which contains further discussion of the uncertainty analysis and the complete set of data.
Dougherty, T.; Maciuca, C.; McAssey, E.V. Jr.; Reddy, D.G.; Yang, B.W.
A Reference Based Analysis Framework for Analyzing System Call Traces
Reference based analysis (RBA) is a novel data mining tool for exploring a test data set with respect to a reference data set. The power of RBA lies in it ability to transform any complex data type, such as symbolic sequences and multi-variate categorical data instances, into a multivariate continuous representation. The transformed representation not only allows visualization of the complex data, which cannot be otherwise visualized in its original form, but also allows enhanced anomaly detection in the transformed feature space. We demonstrate the application of the RBA framework in analyzing system call traces and show how the transformation results in improved intrusion detection performance over state of art data mining based intrusion detection methods developed for system call traces.
Chandola, Varun [ORNL; Kumar, Vipin [University of Minnesota; Boriah, Shyam [University of Minnesota
Normalization and Statistical Analysis of Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassay Data Using Mixed-Effects Modeling
Multiplexed bead-based flow cytometric immunoassays are a powerful experimental tool for investigating cellular communication networks, yet their widespread adoption is limited in part by challenges in robust quantitative ...
Clarke, David C.
Analysis of Granular Flow in a Pebble-Bed Nuclear Reactor
Pebble-bed nuclear reactor technology, which is currently being revived around the world, raises fundamental questions about dense granular flow in silos. A typical reactor core is composed of graphite fuel pebbles, which drain very slowly in a continuous refueling process. Pebble flow is poorly understood and not easily accessible to experiments, and yet it has a major impact on reactor physics. To address this problem, we perform full-scale, discrete-element simulations in realistic geometries, with up to 440,000 frictional, viscoelastic 6cm-diameter spheres draining in a cylindrical vessel of diameter 3.5m and height 10m with bottom funnels angled at 30 degrees or 60 degrees. We also simulate a bidisperse core with a dynamic central column of smaller graphite moderator pebbles and show that little mixing occurs down to a 1:2 diameter ratio. We analyze the mean velocity, diffusion and mixing, local ordering and porosity (from Voronoi volumes), the residence-time distribution, and the effects of wall friction and discuss implications for reactor design and the basic physics of granular flow.
Chris H. Rycroft; Gary S. Grest; James W. Landry; Martin Z. Bazant
Estimation of fracture flow parameters through numerical analysis of hydromechanical pressure pulses
The flow parameters of a natural fracture were estimated by modeling in situ pressure pulses. The pulses were generated in two horizontal boreholes spaced 1 m apart vertically and intersecting a near-vertical highly permeable fracture located within a shallow fractured carbonate reservoir. Fracture hydromechanical response was monitored using specialized fiber-optic borehole equipment that could simultaneously measure fluid pressure and fracture displacements. Measurements indicated a significant time lag between the pressure peak at the injection point and the one at the second measuring point, located 1 m away. The pressure pulse dilated and contracted the fracture. Field data were analyzed through hydraulic and coupled hydromechanical simulations using different governing flow laws. In matching the time lag between the pressure peaks at the two measuring points, our hydraulic models indicated that (1) flow was channeled in the fracture, (2) the hydraulic conductivity tensor was highly anisotropic, and (3) the radius of pulse influence was asymmetric, in that the pulse travelled faster vertically than horizontally. Moreover, our parametric study demonstrated that the fluid pressure diffusion through the fracture was quite sensitive to the spacing and orientation of channels, hydraulic aperture, storativity and hydraulic conductivity. Comparison between hydraulic and hydromechanical models showed that the deformation significantly affected fracture permeability and storativity, and consequently, the fluid pressure propagation, suggesting that the simultaneous measurements of pressure and mechanical displacement signals could substantially improve the interpretation of pulse tests during reservoir characterization.
Cappa, F.; Guglielmi, Y.; Rutqvist, J.; Tsang, C.-F.; Thoraval, A.
Analysis of granular flow in a pebble-bed nuclear reactor
Pebble-bed nuclear reactor technology, which is currently being revived around the world, raises fundamental questions about dense granular flow in silos. A typical reactor core is composed of graphite fuel pebbles, which drain very slowly in a continuous refueling process. Pebble flow is poorly understood and not easily accessible to experiments, and yet it has a ma jor impact on reactor physics. To address this problem, we perform full-scale, discrete-element simulations in realistic geometries, with up to 440,000 frictional, viscoelastic 6cm-diameter spheres draining in a cylindrical vessel of diameter 3.5m and height 10m with bottom funnels angled at 30? or 60? . We also simulate a bidisperse core with a dynamic central column of smaller graphite moderator pebbles and show that little mixing occurs down to a 1:2 diameter ratio. We analyze the mean velocity, diffusion and mixing, local ordering and porosity (from Voronoi volumes), the residence-time distribution, and the effects of wall friction and discuss implications for reactor design and the basic physics of granular flow.
C. H. Rycroft; Gary S. Grest; James W. Landry; Martin Z. Bazant
Numerical analysis of temperature and flow effects in a dry, one-dimensional aquifer used for compressed air energy storage
A detailed description of the method of analysis and the results obtained for an investigation of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic response of a model of a dry porous media reservoir used for compressed air energy storage (CAES) is presented. Results were obtained from a one-dimensional simulation of the cycling of heated air to and from a radial flow field surrounding a single well in a porous rock. It was assumed that the performance of the bulk of the reservoir could be characterized by the performance of a single well.
Smith, G.C.; Wiles, L.E.; Loscutoff, W.V.
Static Analysis of Object References in RMI-based Java Software Mariana Sharp
]. For simplicity, we exclude error-handling code (e.g., code related to exceptions thrown by remote invocations a remote reference to the object. Calls through this reference will be remote calls that are handled techniques for handling such flow of remote references. Any subsequent analysis (e.g., change impact analysis
Rountev, Atanas "Nasko"
Wind flow modeling for wind energy analysis of the Nellis Dunes area in Nevada.
??A wind energy analysis of the Nellis Dunes area in Nevada was conducted. A DEM file which contains the elevation data was used to generate� (more)
Rangegowda, Upendra
A Process-Analysis Based Study of the Ozone Weekend Effect
A Process-Analysis Based Study of the Ozone Weekend Effect Title A Process-Analysis Based Study of the Ozone Weekend Effect Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication...
Update and assessment of geothermal economic models, geothermal fluid flow and heat distribution models, and geothermal data bases
Numerical simulation models and data bases that were developed for DOE as part of a number of geothermal programs have been assessed with respect to their overall stage of development and usefulness. This report combines three separate studies that focus attention upon: (1) economic models related to geothermal energy; (2) physical geothermal system models pertaining to thermal energy and the fluid medium; and (3) geothermal energy data bases. Computerized numerical models pertaining to the economics of extracting and utilizing geothermal energy have been summarized and catalogued with respect to their availability, utility and function. The 19 models that are discussed in detail were developed for use by geothermal operators, public utilities, and lending institutions who require a means to estimate the value of a given resource, total project costs, and the sensitivity of these values to specific variables. A number of the models are capable of economically assessing engineering aspects of geothermal projects. Computerized simulations of heat distribution and fluid flow have been assessed and are presented for ten models. Five of the models are identified as wellbore simulators and five are described as reservoir simulators. Each model is described in terms of its operational characteristics, input, output, and other pertinent attributes. Geothermal energy data bases are reviewed with respect to their current usefulness and availability. Summaries of eight data bases are provided in catalogue format, and an overall comparison of the elements of each data base is included.
Kenkeremath, D. (ed.)
Climatology of Back Trajectories from Israel Based on Synoptic Analysis
The Air Resources Laboratory's trajectory model was used to calculate five-day back trajectories from Israel at the 850 mb pressure surface for five years (January 1978�December 1982). These air flow patterns were evaluated in conjunction with ...
Uri Dayan
Density-based Energy Decomposition Analysis for Intermolecular Interactions with Variationally Determined Intermediate State Energies
The first purely density-based energy decomposition analysis (EDA) for intermolecular binding is developed within the density functional theory. The most important feature of this scheme is to variationally determine the frozen density energy, based on a constrained search formalism and implemented with the Wu-Yang algorithm [Q. Wu and W. Yang, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 2498 (2003) ]. This variational process dispenses with the Heitler-London antisymmetrization of wave functions used in most previous methods and calculates the electrostatic and Pauli repulsion energies together without any distortion of the frozen density, an important fact that enables a clean separation of these two terms from the relaxation (i.e., polarization and charge transfer) terms. The new EDA also employs the constrained density functional theory approach [Q. Wu and T. Van Voorhis, Phys. Rev. A 72, 24502 (2005)] to separate out charge transfer effects. Because the charge transfer energy is based on the density flow in real space, it has a small basis set dependence. Applications of this decomposition to hydrogen bonding in the water dimer and the formamide dimer show that the frozen density energy dominates the binding in these systems, consistent with the noncovalent nature of the interactions. A more detailed examination reveals how the interplay of electrostatics and the Pauli repulsion determines the distance and angular dependence of these hydrogen bonds.
Wu, Q.; Ayers, P.W.; Zhang, Y.
Thermal-fluid and electrochemical modeling and performance study of a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell : analysis on SOEC resistances, size, and inlet flow conditions.
Argonne National Laboratory and Idaho National Laboratory researchers are analyzing the electrochemical and thermal-fluid behavior of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) for high temperature steam electrolysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The major challenges facing commercialization of steam electrolysis technology are related to efficiency, cost, and durability of the SOECs. The goal of this effort is to guide the design and optimization of performance for high temperature electrolysis (HTE) systems. An SOEC module developed by FLUENT Inc. as part of their general CFD code was used for the SOEC analysis by INL. ANL has developed an independent SOEC model that combines the governing electrochemical mechanisms based on first principals to the heat transfer and fluid dynamics in the operation of SOECs. The ANL model was embedded into the commercial STAR-CD CFD software, and is being used for the analysis of SOECs by ANL. The FY06 analysis performed by ANL and reported here covered the influence of electrochemical properties, SOEC component resistances and their contributing factors, SOEC size and inlet flow conditions, and SOEC flow configurations on the efficiency and expected durability of these systems. Some of the important findings from the ANL analysis are: (1) Increasing the inlet mass flux while going to larger cells can be a compromise to overcome increasing thermal and current density gradients while increasing the cell size. This approach could be beneficial for the economics of the SOECs; (2) The presence of excess hydrogen at the SOEC inlet to avoid Ni degradation can result in a sizeable decrease in the process efficiency; (3) A parallel-flow geometry for SOEC operation (if such a thing be achieved without sealing problems) yields smaller temperature gradients and current density gradients across the cell, which is favorable for the durability of the cells; (4) Contact resistances can significantly influence the total cell resistance and cell temperatures over a large range of operating potentials. Thus it is important to identify and avoid SOEC stack conditions leading to such high resistances due to poor contacts.
Yildiz, B.; Smith, J.; Sofu, T.; Nuclear Engineering Division
Panorama: capturing system-wide information flow for malware detection and analysis
Malicious programs spy on users' behavior and compromise their privacy. Even software from reputable vendors, such as Google Desktop and Sony DRM media player, may perform undesirable actions. Unfortunately, existing techniques for detecting malware ... Keywords: dynamic taint analysis, malware analysis, malware detection, spyware
Heng Yin; Dawn Song; Manuel Egele; Christopher Kruegel; Engin Kirda
Estimation of steady-state unbalanced system conditions combining conventional power flow and fault analysis software
In real three-phase power systems the voltages and currents are not fully symmetrical. A method has been developed to estimate the effects of slight unbalanced network conditions for steady-state operation. A conventional power flow is followed by a linear incremental calculation using a three-phase model of the network. The unbalanced condition is handled like a multiple unbalanced fault. The process is illustrated for the case of a transformer bank with non-identical single phase units. The results show the effects of different transformer reactances and different voltage ratios, respectively.
Reichelt, D.; Ecknauer, E. [Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke AG, Baden (Switzerland); Glavitsch, H. [Swiss Federal Inst. of Tech., Zurich (Switzerland)
Analysis of Fault Permeability Using Mapping and Flow Modeling, Hickory Sandstone Aquifer, Central Texas
Reservoir compartments, typical targets for infill well locations, are commonly created by faults that may reduce permeability. A narrow fault may consist of a complex assemblage of deformation elements that result in spatially variable and anisotropic permeabilities. We report on the permeability structure of a km-scale fault sampled through drilling a faulted siliciclastic aquifer in central Texas. Probe and whole-core permeabilities, serial CAT scans, and textural and structural data from the selected core samples are used to understand permeability structure of fault zones and develop predictive models of fault zone permeability. Using numerical flow simulation, it is possible to predict permeability anisotropy associated with faults and evaluate the effect of individual deformation elements in the overall permeability tensor. We found relationships between the permeability of the host rock and those of the highly deformed (HD) fault-elements according to the fault throw. The lateral continuity and predictable permeability of the HD fault elements enhance capability for estimating the effects of subseismic faulting on fluid flow in low-shale reservoirs.
Nieto Camargo, Jorge E., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Jensen, Jerry L., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering (Canada)
Physica D 198 (2004) 281308 Diffuse interface modeling of two-phase flows based on averaging
, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Received 23 April 2004; received in revised form 26 August 2004 and uses an ensemble averaging procedure on an atomic scale to obtain a diffuse interface version forces in the momentum equations for each phase. Based on a superposition of microscopic (atomic
Beckermann, Christoph
Environment analysis via ?CFA
We describe a new program-analysis framework, based on CPS and procedure-string abstractions, that can handle critical analyses which the k-CFA framework cannot. We present the main theorems concerning correctness, show an application analysis, ... Keywords: CPS, continuations, delta-CFA, environment analysis, flow analysis, functional languages, inlining, lambda calculus, program analysis, super-beta
Matthew Might; Olin Shivers
Breaks in presence in virtual environments: An analysis of blood flow velocity responses
One of the techniques used to monitor variations in presence during a virtual reality experience is the analysis of breaks in presence (BIPs). Previous studies have monitored peripheral physiological responses during BIPs in order to find a characteristic ...
Beatriz Rey; Vera Parkhutik; Mariano Alca�iz
Design, build and test of an axial flow hydrokinetic turbine with fatigue analysis
OpenProp is an open source propeller and turbine design and analysis code that has been in development since 2007 by MIT graduate students under the supervision of Professor Richard Kimball. In order to test the performance ...
Ketcham, Jerod W
Survey of sampling-based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis.
Sampling-based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are reviewed. The following topics are considered: (1) Definition of probability distributions to characterize epistemic uncertainty in analysis inputs, (2) Generation of samples from uncertain analysis inputs, (3) Propagation of sampled inputs through an analysis, (4) Presentation of uncertainty analysis results, and (5) Determination of sensitivity analysis results. Special attention is given to the determination of sensitivity analysis results, with brief descriptions and illustrations given for the following procedures/techniques: examination of scatterplots, correlation analysis, regression analysis, partial correlation analysis, rank transformations, statistical tests for patterns based on gridding, entropy tests for patterns based on gridding, nonparametric regression analysis, squared rank differences/rank correlation coefficient test, two dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, tests for patterns based on distance measures, top down coefficient of concordance, and variance decomposition.
Johnson, Jay Dean; Helton, Jon Craig; Sallaberry, Cedric J. PhD. (.; .); Storlie, Curt B. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO)
Validation Analysis of the Groundwater Flow and Transport Model of the Central Nevada Test Area
The Central Nevada Test Area (CNTA) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) site undergoing environmental restoration. The CNTA is located about 95 km northeast of Tonopah, Nevada, and 175 km southwest of Ely, Nevada (Figure 1.1). It was the site of the Faultless underground nuclear test conducted by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (DOE's predecessor agency) in January 1968. The purposes of this test were to gauge the seismic effects of a relatively large, high-yield detonation completed in Hot Creek Valley (outside the Nevada Test Site [NTS]) and to determine the suitability of the site for future large detonations. The yield of the Faultless underground nuclear test was between 200 kilotons and 1 megaton (DOE, 2000). A three-dimensional flow and transport model was created for the CNTA site (Pohlmann et al., 1999) and determined acceptable by DOE and the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) for predicting contaminant boundaries for the site.
A. Hassan; J. Chapman; H. Bekhit; B. Lyles; K. Pohlmann
Stochastic Finite Element Analysis for Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media
. This study is concerned with developing a two-dimensional multiphase model that simulates the movement of NAPL in heterogeneous aquifers. Heterogeneity is dealt with in a probabilistic sense by modeling the intrinsic permeability of the porous medium as a stochastic process. The deterministic finite element method is used to spatially discretize the multiphase flow equations. The intrinsic permeability is represented in the model via its Karhunen-Loeve expansion (Ghanem and Spanos, 1991). This is a computationally expedient representation of stochastic processes by means of a discrete set of random variables. Further, the nodal unknowns, water phase saturations and water phase pressures, are represented by their stochastic spectral expansions. This representation involves an orthogonal basis in the space of random variables. The basis consists of orthogonal polynomial chaoses of consecutive orders. The relative permeabilities of water and oil phases, and the capillary pressure are ex...
R. Ghanem; S. Dham
Disposal criticality analysis for aluminum-based DOE fuels
This paper describes the disposal criticality analysis for canisters containing aluminum-based Department of Energy fuels from research reactors. Different canisters were designed for disposal of highly enriched uranium (HEU) and medium enriched uranium (MEU) fuel. In addition to the standard criticality concerns in storage and transportation, such as flooding, the disposal criticality analysis must consider the degradation of the fuel and components within the waste package. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) U-Al fuel with 93.5% enriched uranium and Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR) U-Si-Al fuel with 21% enriched uranium are representative of the HEU and MEU fuel inventories, respectively. Conceptual canister designs with 64 MIT assemblies (16/layer, 4 layers) or 40 ORR assemblies (10/layer, 4 layers) were developed for these fuel types. Borated stainless steel plates were incorporated into a stainless steel internal basket structure within a 439 mm OD, 15 mm thick XM-19 canister shell. The Codisposal waste package contains 5 HLW canisters (represented by 5 Defense Waste Processing Facility canisters from the Savannah River Site) with the fuel canister placed in the center. It is concluded that without the presence of a fairly insoluble neutron absorber, the long-term action of infiltrating water can lead to a small, but significant, probability of criticality for both the HEU and MEU fuels. The use of 1.5kg of Gd distributed throughout the MIT fuel and the use of carbon steels for the structural basket or 1.1 kg of Gd distributed in the ORR fuel will reduce the probability of criticality to virtually zero for both fuels.
Davis, J.W. [Framatome Cogema Fuels, Las Vegas, NV (United States); Gottlieb, P. [TRW Environmental Safety Systems, Inc., Las Vegas, NV (United States)
Geography-based structural analysis of the Internet
In this paper, we study some geographic aspects of the Internet. We base our analysis on a large set of geolocated IP hop-level session data (including about 300,000 backbone routers, 150 million end hosts, and 1 billion sessions) that we synthesized from a variety of different input sources such as US census data, computer usage statistics, Internet market share data, IP geolocation data sets, CAJDA's Skitter data set for backbone connectivity, and BGP routing tables. We use this model to perform a nationwide and statewide geographic analysis of the Internet. Our main observations are: (1) There is a dominant coast-to-coast pattern in the US Internet traffic. In fact, in many instances even if the end-devices are not near either coast, still the traffic between them takes a long detour through the coasts. (2) More than half of the Internet paths are inflated by 100% or more compared to their corresponding geometric straight-line distance. This circuitousness makes the average ratio between the routing distance and geometric distance big (around 10). (3) The weighted mean hop count is around 5, but the hop counts are very loosely correlated with the distances. The weighted mean AS count (number of ASes traversed) is around 3. (4) The AS size and the AS location number distributions are heavy-tailed and strongly correlated. Most of the ASes are medium sized and there is a wide variability in the geographic dispersion size (measured in terms of the convex hull area) of these ASes.
Kasiviswanathan, Shiva [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Eidenbenz, Stephan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Yan, Guanhua [Los Alamos National Laboratory
A Robust Four-Fluid Transient Flow Simulator as an Analysis and Decision Making Tool for Dynamic Kill Operation
The worst scenario of drilling operation is blowout which is uncontrolled flow of formation fluid into the wellbore. Blowouts result in environmental damage with potential risk of injuries and fatalities. Although not all blowouts result in disaster, outcomes of blowouts are unknown and should be studied before starting an operation. Plans should be available to prevent blowouts or provide safe and secure ways of controlling the well before the drilling operation starts. The plan should include procedures in case of any blowout incident as a proactive measure. A few commercial softwares are available in the industry for dynamic kill and transient modeling. All models are proprietary and very complex which reduces the flexibility of the program for specific cases. The purpose of this study is to develop a pseudo transient hydraulic simulator for dynamic kill operations. The idea and concept is to consider the flow of each phase as a single phase flow. The summation of hydrostatic and frictional pressure of each phase determines the bottomhole pressure during the dynamic kill operation. The simulator should be versatile and capable of handling special cases that may encounter during blowouts. Some of the main features of the proposed dynamic kill simulator include; quick and robust simulation, fluid properties are corrected for pressure and temperature, sensitivity analysis can be performed through slide bars, and capable of handling variety of wellbore trajectories. The results from the proposed simulator were compared to the result of commercial software, OLGA ABC. The results were in agreement with each other. It is recommended to apply the simulator for operations with required kill fluid volumes of one to two wellbore volumes.
Haghshenas, Arash
Data flow analysis for anomaly detection and identification toward resiliency in extreme scale systems
The increased complexity and scale of high performance computing and future extreme-scale systems have made resilience a key issue, since it is expected that future systems will have various faults during critical operations. It is also expected that ... Keywords: Anomaly, Data analysis, Fault detection and identification, Resilience
Byoung Uk Kim
Optimizing urban traffic flow using Genetic Algorithm with Petri net analysis as fitness function
This paper describes a new methodology adopted for urban traffic stream optimization. By using Petri net analysis as fitness function of a Genetic Algorithm, an entire urban road network is controlled in real time. With the advent of new technologies ... Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Optimization, Petri net, Urban traffic
Henrique Dezani, Regiane D. S. Bassi, Norian Marranghello, Lu�s Gomes, Furio Damiani, Ivan Nunes Da Silva
This is the first quarterly report of the ''Multi-Pollutant Control Using Membrane--Based Upflow Wet Electrostatic Precipitation'' project funded by the US Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory under DOE Award No. DE-FC26-02NT41592 to Croll-Reynolds Clean Air Technologies (CRCAT). In this 18 month project, CRCAT and its team members will conduct detailed emission tests of metallic and new membrane collection material within a wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) at First Energy's Penn Power's Bruce Mansfield (BMP) plant in Shippingport, Pa. Test results performed on the existing metallic WESP during November of 2002 showed consistent results with previous test results. Average collection efficiency of 89% on SO{sub 3} mist was achieved. Additionally, removal efficiencies of 62% were achieved at very high velocity, greater than 15 ft./sec.
Size-based Scheduling with Differentiated Services to Improve Response Time of Highly Varying Flow Sizes
The sizes of Internet objects are known to be highly varying. We evaluate an M/G/1 queue under foreground background N (FBN ) scheduling policy for job size distributions with varying coefficient of variability (CoV) to analyze the impact of variability of job sizes to the performance of the policy. We find that FBN is very efficient in reducing the response time and minimizing the number of jobs that are penalized (i.e., have a higher response time under FBN than under processor sharing (PS)) when job sizes have a high CoV. We also propose and analyze variants of FBN called fixed priority FBN (FP \\Gamma FBN ) and differential FBN (DF \\Gamma FBN ), which introduce service differentiation by classifying jobs into high priority and low priority and then servicing the high priority before low priority jobs in an FBN related order. The numerical analysis conducted for highly varying job sizes reveals that FP \\Gamma FBN achieves a perfect service differentiation at the expense of a high penalty for the low priority small jobs. While DF \\Gamma FBN offers acceptable service differentiation, it does not penalize small jobs with low priority at all. Moreover, FP \\Gamma FBN and DF \\Gamma FBN can guarantee the service of high priority jobs even under overload.
Idris A. Rai; Guillaume Urvoy-keller; Ernst W. Biersack
Analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a rib grit roughened surface solar air heater using CFD
This paper presents the study of fluid flow and heat transfer in a solar air heater by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which reduces time and cost. Lower side of collector plate is made rough with metal ribs of circular, square and triangular cross-section, having 60 inclinations to the air flow. The grit rib elements are fixed on the surface in staggered manner to form defined grid. The system and operating parameters studied are: e/D{sub h} = 0.044, p/e = 17.5 and l/s = 1.72, for the Reynolds number range 3600-17,000. To validate CFD results, experimental investigations were carried out in the laboratory. It is found that experimental and CFD analysis results give the good agreement. The optimization of rib geometry and its angle of attack is also done. The square cross-section ribs with 58 angle of attack give maximum heat transfer. The percentage enhancement in the heat transfer for square plate over smooth surface is 30%. (author)
Karmare, S.V. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College Engineering, Karad 415 124, Maharashtra (India); Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra (India); Tikekar, A.N. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli (India); Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra (India)
Flow microfluorometric and spectrophotofluorometric analysis of DNA staining in mammalian cells
The effects of pH, ionic strength, stain concentration, and magnesium concentration on DNA staining with the antibiotics mithramycin, chromomycin A3, and olivomycin were examined with DNA in solution and in mammalian cells. Ethanol-fixed Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) stained with mithramycin solution in the pH range 4.0 to 10.0 and analyzed by flow microfluorometry (FMF) showed only a slight increase in fluorescence intensity from pH 4.0 to 8.0. Above this range, there was a more dramatic increase in intensity of stained cells, and at pH 10.0 the flouorescence intensity was 1-1/2 times greater than cells stained at pH 4.5. The resolution in DNA distribution patterns also improved as a function of increasing pH, corresponding with a marked decrease in the coefficient of variation (CV). However, the distribution of cells in various phases of the cell cycle remained essentially the same over the pH ranges tested.
Crissman, H.A.; Stevenson, A.; Kissane, R.J.
Flow analysis of metals in a municipal solid waste management system
This study aimed to identify the metal flow in a municipal solid waste (MSW) management system. Outputs of a resource recovery facility, refuse derived fuel (RDF) production facility, carbonization facility, plastics liquefaction facility, composting facility, and bio-gasification facility were analyzed for metal content and leaching concentration. In terms of metal content, bulky and incombustible waste had the highest values. Char from a carbonization facility, which treats household waste, had a higher metal content than MSW incinerator bottom ash. A leaching test revealed that Cd and Pb in char and Pb in RDF production residue exceeded the Japanese regulatory criteria for landfilling, so special attention should be paid to final disposal of these substances. By multiplying metal content and the generation rate of outputs, the metal content of input waste to each facility was estimated. For most metals except Cr, the total contribution ratio of paper/textile/plastics, bulky waste, and incombustible waste was over 80%. Approximately 30% of Cr originated from plastic packaging. Finally, several MSW management scenarios showed that most metals are transferred to landfills and the leaching potential of metals to the environment is quite small.
Jung, C.H. [Laboratory of Solid Waste Disposal Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan); Matsuto, T. [Laboratory of Solid Waste Disposal Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Tanaka, N. [Laboratory of Solid Waste Disposal Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan)
Analysis and identification of vortices within a turbulent channel boundary layer flow
Vortical structures are regarded as the dominant organized patterns in wall turbulence. They play a key role in physical phenomena of practical importance such as energy and momentum transport, combustion, mixing, and noise and drag production. Considerable investigations have been performed in drag and noise phenomena studies, with a main purpose of controlling and reducing them. Various techniques to control the drag reduction have been studied for over last five decades; however, the detailed understanding of the drag reduction mechanism is still lacking. Vortices play an important role in turbulence structure. Nevertheless, the identification of vortices is still unclear, not even a universal definition of a vortex is accepted. In the present study, several vortex feature extraction schemes are implemented. The methods are applied to analyze instantaneous two-dimensional velocity fields obtained by particle tracking Velocimetry (PTV) measurements of a turbulent channel flow with and without microbubble injection within the boundary layer. Microbubble injection is one of the drag reduction techniques, first studied in early 1970s, that has undergone extensive research in past years, and the generated information has aided into drag reduction understanding. As a general rule, vortex extraction methods can be either a simple visualization scheme or more sophisticated identification tools. The Reynolds decomposition and its variants are suitable due to their capacity to mark vortices advecting at different velocities. In the case of identification techniques, which yield a scalar field calculated from either the velocity vector field or the velocity gradient tensor, both the modified swirling strength ?ci or the ?2 criteria were found to be well suited for vortex identification.
Maroni Veiga, Adrian Gaston
A generic ontology-based approach for requirement analysis and its application in network management software
This paper describes a generic ontology-based approach that eases the requirement analysis (RA) work. The approach enables the user to derive method-specific RA tools for different applications. The derivation process is based on a unified framework ... Keywords: Acquisition Ontology, Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge-based Systems, Methodology Ontology, Requirement Analysis
Chau-Young Ivan Lin; Cheng-Seen Ho
Physically based facial expression synthesizer with performance analysis and GPU-aided simulation
The performance analysis of a physically-based facial expression synthesizer with a novel algorithm for designing parametric muscle model is described. The facial expression synthesizer is partitioned into four general activities: construction of volumetric ... Keywords: GPU based simulation, facial animation, performance analysis, physically based simulation
C. Chen; E. C. Prakash
WebTrafMon: Web-based Internet/Intranet network traffic monitoring and analysis system
As enterprise computing environments become more network-oriented, the importance of network traffic monitoring and analysis intensifies. Most existing traffic monitoring and analysis tools focus on measuring the traffic loads of individual network segments. ... Keywords: Enterprise network management, Network traffic monitoring and analysis, Traffic management, Traffic type and source analysis, Web-based management
J. W. -K Hong; S.-S Kwon; J.-Y Kim
Computeer-based decision support tools for evaluation of actions affecting flow and water quality in the San Joaquin Basin
This document is a preliminary effort to draw together some of the important simulation models that are available to Reclamation or that have been developed by Reclamation since 1987. This document has also attempted to lay out a framework by which these models might be used both for the purposes for which they were originally intended and to support the analysis of other issues that relate to the hydrology and to salt and water quality management within the San Joaquin Valley. To be successful as components of a larger Decision Support System the models should to be linked together using custom designed interfaces that permit data sharing between models and that are easy to use. Several initiatives are currently underway within Reclamation to develop GIS - based and graphics - based decision support systems to improve the general level of understanding of the models currently in use, to standardize the methodology used in making planning and operations studies and to permit improved data analysis, interpretation and display. The decision support systems should allow greater participation in the planning process, allow the analysis of innovative actions that are currently difficult to study with present models and should lead to better integrated and more comprehensive plans and policy decisions in future years.
Quinn, N.W.T.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in Metal Hydride Based Hydrogen Separation
This thesis presents a transient heat transfer analysis to model the heat transfer in the Pd/k packed column, and the impact of adding metallic foam.
Fleming, W.H. Jr.
Web-based Analysis Tools for Appliance Efficiency Policies in...
Appliance Standards Project (CLASP) is to transfer appliance efficient policy analysis technologies and benefits to developing countries. In this talk we describe the...
Geographically-Based Hydrogen Demand & Infrastructure Rollout Scenario Analysis (Presentation)
This presentation by Margo Melendez at the 2007 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Merit Review Meeting provides information about NREL's Hydrogen Demand & Infrastructure Rollout Scenario Analysis.
Melendez, M.
A framework for jitter analysis in cell based multiplexers
Keywords: ATM, B-ISDN, cell based networks, cell delay variation, discrete time queues, jitter, periodic arrivals, statistical multiplexing
Chatschik Bisdikian; Wassim Matragi; Khosrow Sohraby
Detection of illicit traffic based on multiscale analysis
Recent years have witnessed a huge increase in the number and variety of Internet applications, as well as on the number and diversity of security attacks to network users and systems. Consequently, the need for an accurate mapping of traffic to its ... Keywords: application identification, cluster analysis, licit and illict applications, multifractal behavior, multiscale analysis, wavelets
Eduardo Rocha; Paulo Salvador; Ant�nio Nogueira
Distributed Energy Resources at Naval Base Ventura County Building 1512: A Sensitivity Analysis
Naval Base Ventura County Standby Generator Optimization20 Figure 7: Standby Charge Sensitivity � Separate24 Figure 11: Standby Charge Sensitivity Analysis �
Bailey, Owen C.; Marnay, Chris
Monitoring of energy flows and optimization of energy efficiency in a production facility
The present paper reports the findings of an assessment of the energy flows of a building equipped with machine tools and discusses options to optimize its energy efficiency. The energy flows in the buildings are recorded based on collected data and ... Keywords: building simulation, energy consumption, energy efficiency in production, energy flow analysis
I. Leobner; K. Ponweiser; C. Dorn; F. Bleicher
Tariff-based analysis of commercial building electricity prices
4 Calculation of Electricity Prices 4.1 Averageseasonal and annual electricity prices by region in c/kWh.based annual average electricity price vs. annual energy
Coughlin, Katie M.; Bolduc, Chris A.; Rosenquist, Greg J.; Van Buskirk, Robert D.; McMahon, James E.
Distribution of monthly energy consumption, for January andprice vs. annual energy consumption. Tari?-based annualthe known monthly energy and consumption and demand. This
price vs. annual peak demand. . . . . Tari?-based annuala function of annual peak demand. . . Probability that theelectricity price vs. annual peak demand; each point is one
A complex network-based approach for texture analysis
In this paper, we propose a novel texture analysis method using the complex network theory. It was investigated how a texture image can be effectively represented, characterized and analyzed in terms of a complex network. The propose uses degree measurements ...
Andr� Ricardo Backes; Dalcimar Casanova; Odemir Martinez Bruno
Identification of Boiling Two-phase Flow Patterns in Water Wall Tube Based on BP Neural Network
In this paper, the boiling phenomena of steam boiler under atmospheric pressure are simulated by using the UDF program of CFD software. Characteristics including pressure, temperature and vapor fraction respectively for bubble, slug and annular flow ... Keywords: Boiling heat transfer, BP neural network, flow pattern, coefficient of heat transfer
Lei Guo; Shusheng Zhang; Yaqun Chen; Lin Cheng
NETL - Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005
NETL - Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005 NETL - Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005 Baseline Model Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: NETL - Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005 Baseline Model Agency/Company /Organization: National Energy Technology Laboratory Sector: Energy Topics: Baseline projection, GHG inventory Resource Type: Software/modeling tools Website: www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/refshelf/results.asp?ptype=Models/Too References: NETL - Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005 Baseline Model [1] NETL - Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005 Baseline Model This model calculates the 2005 national average life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for petroleum-based fuels sold or distributed in the United
Expeditious Data Center Sustainability, Flow, and Temperature Modeling: Life-Cycle Exergy Consumption Combined with a Potential Flow Based, Rankine Vortex Superposed, Predictive Method
strategy bypasses the vapor- compression cycle of the CRACis based on the same vapor-compression refrigeration cycle4.1, which shows the vapor-compression refrig- eration cycle
Lettieri, David
Enhanced oil recovery data base analysis by simplified predictive models
The U.S. Department of Energy, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center (BETC), has been developing computerized data bases and simplified predictive models to be used to predict enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential in the U.S. The development phase of this work is nearing completion whereupon the models and data bases will be made available to the public. This paper describes the overall development phase for the models and data bases with analyses of selected EOR projects using the predictive models. Examples of model outputs are discussed and brief descriptions of the predictive algorithms are given.
Ray, R.M.; Wesson, T.C.
Analysis of environmental issues related to small-scale hydroelectric development. V. Instream flow needs for fishery resources
45b 45b 0554033 I . . ~ ...... . . . . . . . . _ . . _ ~ ~~ ~~ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . , O R N U T M - 7 8 6 1 Distribution Category UC-97e 0. W-7405-eng-26 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRO RELATED TO SMALL-SCALE HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT. V. INSTREAM FLOW NEE S FOR FISHERY RESOURCES James M. Loar Michael J. Sale TAL SCIENCES D r v r S - I o N Pub1 i c a t i on No. 1829 Prepared f o r U. S. Department o f Energy, A s s i s t a n t Secretary f o r Conservation and Renewable Energy, D i v i s i o n o f H y d r o e l e c t r i c Resource Development Date Pub1 i shed: October 1981 L Tennessee 37830 UNION CARBIDE ~ O ~ ~ ~ R A T I O N f o r the ENT OF ENERGY 3 445b 0554033 B ACKNOWLEDGMENTS W e thank W i l l i a m Knapp (1I.S. F i s h and W i l d l i f e Service, Region 5) and Mark Robinson (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) for h
The most common method of analysis for beryllium is inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). This method, along with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), is discussed in Chapter 6. However, other methods exist and have been used for different applications. These methods include spectroscopic, chromatographic, colorimetric, and electrochemical. This chapter provides an overview of beryllium analysis methods other than plasma spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry or mass spectrometry). The basic methods, detection limits and interferences are described. Specific applications from the literature are also presented.
Ekechukwu, A
A Simple Biomass-Based Length-Cohort Analysis for Estimating Biomass and Fishing Mortality
A Simple Biomass-Based Length-Cohort Analysis for Estimating Biomass and Fishing Mortality CHANG IK, Washington 98115, USA Abstract.--A biomass-based length-cohort analysis (LCA) was examined for its performance in estimating total stock biomass and fishing mortality (F) for a population in equilibrium. We
DOE Hydrogen Analysis Repository: Gasification-Based Fuels and Electricity
Gasification-Based Fuels and Electricity Production from Biomass Gasification-Based Fuels and Electricity Production from Biomass Project Summary Full Title: Gasification-Based Fuels and Electricity Production from Biomass, without and with Carbon Capture and Storage Project ID: 226 Principal Investigator: Eric D. Larson Keywords: Biomass; Fischer Tropsch; hydrogen Purpose Develop and analyze process designs for gasification-based thermochemical conversion of switchgrass into Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) fuels, dimethyl ether (DME), and hydrogen. All process designs will have some level of co-production of electricity, and some will include capture of byproduct CO2 for underground storage. Performer Principal Investigator: Eric D. Larson Organization: Princeton University Telephone: 609-258-4966 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Drought Analysis Based on a Marked Cluster Poisson Model
This paper presents an operational definition of drought events based on an �excess over threshold� approach applied on rainfall series and develops a stochastic model for describing droughts defined in that way. The model consists of a Poisson ...
Ana C. Cebri�n; Jes�s Abaurrea
The importance of cognitive architectures: an analysis based on CLARION
Research in computational cognitive modelling investigates the nature of cognition through developing process-based understanding by specifying computational models of mechanisms (including representations) and processes. In this enterprise, a cognitive ... Keywords: Cognition, Cognitive architecture, Modelling
Ron Sun
Fuzzy systems based on multispecies PSO method in spatial analysis
We present a method by using the hierarchical cluster-based Multispecies particle swarm optimization to generate a fuzzy system of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang type encapsulated in a geographical information system considered as environmental decision support ...
Ferdinando Di Martino; Vincenzo Loia; Salvatore Sessa
An automated dependability analysis method for COTS-based systems
The increasing application of COTS-components and component-based software engineering has entailed the development of appropriate component specifications. In the embedded systems domain it would be desirable to benefit from these component specifications ...
Lars Grunske; Bernhard Kaiser
Complexity-based program phase analysis and classification
Modeling and analysis of program behavior are at the foundation of computer system design and optimization. As computer systems become more adaptive, their efficiency increasingly depends on program dynamic characteristics. Previous studies have revealed ... Keywords: computer architecture, performance modeling, program phase, wavelet
Chang-Burm Cho; Tao Li
Risky trust: risk-based analysis of software systems
Measuring the security of a software system is a difficult problem. This paper presents a model using common security concepts to evaluate the security of a system under design. After providing definitions for all relevant concepts and formalizing some ... Keywords: distrust, risk analysis, trust
Zaid Dwaikat; Francesco Parisi-Presicce
Attentiveness assessment in learning based on fuzzy logic analysis
Learner attention affects learning efficiency. However, in many classes, teachers cannot assess the degree of attention of every learner. When a teacher is capable of addressing inattentive learners immediately, he can avoid situations in which learners ... Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Image processing, Learner attention analysis
Kuo-An Hwang; Chia-Hao Yang
Discovering cardholders' payment-patterns based on clustering analysis
This paper sampled approximately 9.3 million entries of data, concerning payments from 300,000 credit card customers over the past two years of Bank A in Taiwan. By applying data mining techniques to decipher customers' behavior and perform risk analysis, ... Keywords: Clustering algorithms, Credit card, Data mining
Chien-Chou Shih; Ding-An Chiang; Yi-jen Hu; Chun-Chi Chen
Analysis on Uranic Slope Stability Based on Neural Network
How to accurately predict the occurrence of landslides, and it has become one of the troubles in the mining process. The author made a brief introduction of artificial neural network and BP network model in this paper, and also analysis some important ... Keywords: Uranic slope, neural network, Forecast network model, safety of slope
Yufeng Zhu; Xiaoli Ding; Zhiwei Li; Shijian Zhou
Activity analysis based on low sample rate smart meters
Activity analysis disaggregates utility consumption from smart meters into specific usage that associates with human activities. It can not only help residents better manage their consumption for sustainable lifestyle, but also allow utility managers ... Keywords: classification, disaggregation, gaussian mixture model, hidden markov model, low sample rate, smart meter
Feng Chen; Jing Dai; Bingsheng Wang; Sambit Sahu; Milind Naphade; Chang-Tien Lu
A UML-based method for risk analysis of human-robot interactions
Safety is a major concern for robots that interact physically with humans. We propose a risk analysis method based on deviation analysis of system usage scenarios that allows the identification of major risks. Scenarios are described with the common ... Keywords: HAZOP, UML, risk analysis, safety, scenario
Damien Martin-Guillerez; J�r�mie Guiochet; David Powell; Christophe Zanon
A self-organizing neuro-fuzzy network based on first order effect sensitivity analysis
As an effective method that can provide the information about the influence of inputs on the variation of output, variance based sensitivity analysis is widely used to determine the structure of neural networks. In the past, the global sensitivity analysis ... Keywords: First order effect, Neuro-fuzzy networks, Sensitivity analysis, Systemic fluctuation
Cheng Chen, Fei-Yue Wang
Improving the Accuracy of Software-Based Energy Analysis for Residential Buildings (Presentation)
This presentation describes the basic components of software-based energy analysis for residential buildings, explores the concepts of 'error' and 'accuracy' when analysis predictions are compared to measured data, and explains how NREL is working to continuously improve the accuracy of energy analysis methods.
Polly, B.
Ballast Accidents Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit Based on Method of Causality Analysis and Faulty Tree Analysis
Ballast casualty often incurs severe sequence once takes place, such as abnormal operation,, personnel injury or even death accident , especially for lines below grade. Causality Analysis and Fault Tree analysis method is applied to research of personnel ... Keywords: ballast accident, causality analysis, faulty tree analysis, urban rail transit
Jing He; Zhi-gang Liu
Implementation of electric vehicle system based on solar energy in Singapore assessment of flow batteries for energy storage
For large-scale energy storage application, flow battery has the advantages of decoupled power and energy management, extended life cycles and relatively low cost of unit energy output ($/kWh). In this thesis, an overview ...
Chen, Yaliang
Temperature decoupling control of double-level air flow field dynamic vacuum system based on neural network and prediction principle
Double-level air flow field dynamic vacuum (DAFDV) system is a strong coupling, large time-delay, and nonlinear multi-input-multi-output system. Decoupling and overcoming the impact of time-delay are two keys to obtain rapid, accurate and independent ... Keywords: ASSAVP, BP, DAFDV, Decoupling control, Double-level air flow field, EBTC, HX, IPSO, MIMO, Neural networks, OIF, PID, Particle swarm optimization, Prediction, RBF, SISO, TITO, WBTC
Li Jinyang; Meng Xiaofeng
Knowledge based systems: From process control to policy analysis
Los Alamos has been pursuing the use of Knowledge Based Systems for many years. These systems are currently being used to support projects that range across many production and operations areas. By investing time and money in people and equipment, Los Alamos has developed one of the strongest knowledge based systems capabilities within the DOE. Staff of Los Alamos` Mechanical & Electronic Engineering Division are using these knowledge systems to increase capability, productivity and competitiveness in areas of manufacturing quality control, robotics, process control, plant design and management decision support. This paper describes some of these projects and associated technical program approaches, accomplishments, benefits and future goals.
Marinuzzi, J.G.
Los Alamos has been pursuing the use of Knowledge Based Systems for many years. These systems are currently being used to support projects that range across many production and operations areas. By investing time and money in people and equipment, Los Alamos has developed one of the strongest knowledge based systems capabilities within the DOE. Staff of Los Alamos' Mechanical Electronic Engineering Division are using these knowledge systems to increase capability, productivity and competitiveness in areas of manufacturing quality control, robotics, process control, plant design and management decision support. This paper describes some of these projects and associated technical program approaches, accomplishments, benefits and future goals.
Rapid analysis of steels using laser-based techniques
Based on the data obtained by this study, we conclude that laser-based techniques can be used to provide at least semi-quantitative information about the elemental composition of molten steel. Of the two techniques investigated here, the Sample-Only method appears preferable to the LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) method because of its superior analytical performance. In addition, the Sample-Only method would probably be easier to incorporate into a steel plant environment. However, before either technique can be applied to steel monitoring, additional research is needed.
Cremers, D.A.; Archuleta, F.L.; Dilworth, H.C.
Intelligent Control in Automation Based on Wireless Traffic Analysis
Wireless technology is a central component of many factory automation infrastructures in both the commercial and government sectors, providing connectivity among various components in industrial realms (distributed sensors, machines, mobile process controllers). However wireless technologies provide more threats to computer security than wired environments. The advantageous features of Bluetooth technology resulted in Bluetooth units shipments climbing to five million per week at the end of 2005 [1, 2]. This is why the real-time interpretation and understanding of Bluetooth traffic behavior is critical in both maintaining the integrity of computer systems and increasing the efficient use of this technology in control type applications. Although neuro-fuzzy approaches have been applied to wireless 802.11 behavior analysis in the past, a significantly different Bluetooth protocol framework has not been extensively explored using this technology. This paper presents a new neurofuzzy traffic analysis algorithm of this still new territory of Bluetooth traffic. Further enhancements of this algorithm are presented along with the comparison against the traditional, numerical approach. Through test examples, interesting Bluetooth traffic behavior characteristics were captured, and the comparative elegance of this computationally inexpensive approach was demonstrated. This analysis can be used to provide directions for future development and use of this prevailing technology in various control type applications, as well as making the use of it more secure.
Kurt Derr; Milos Manic
Computational Methods for Analyzing Fluid Flow Dynamics from Digital Imagery
The main goal (long term) of this work is to perform computational dynamics analysis and quantify uncertainty from vector fields computed directly from measured data. Global analysis based on observed spatiotemporal evolution is performed by objective function based on expected physics and informed scientific priors, variational optimization to compute vector fields from measured data, and transport analysis proceeding with observations and priors. A mathematical formulation for computing flow fields is set up for computing the minimizer for the problem. An application to oceanic flow based on sea surface temperature is presented.
Luttman, A.
DOE's energy data base (EDB) versus other energy-related data bases: a comparative analysis
The release of the DOE Energy Data Base to commercial services in 1980 raised an immediate question in the minds of some searchers: how does this new data base fit into the spectrum of already-available data bases. Because the authors have been closely associated with the Department of Energy's RECON system and its data bases for several years, as trainers and as editor of the DOE/RECON Newsletter, the question was of great interest and we decided to investigate it.
Robinson, J.; Hu, M.
Spatial analysis based on variance of moving window averages
R02 R04 R06 R08 R16 I n Window size B R02 R06 R10 R14 R20R04 R08 R12 R16 R24 R36 I n Window size Wu et al. , Fig. 2Based on Variance of Moving Window Averages B. M. Wu, K. V.
Wu, B M; Subbarao, K V; Ferrandino, F J; Hao, J J
Transportation Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation (TAMS) Application
Transportation Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation (TAMS) Application Center for Transportation Passenger Flows Supply Chain Efficiency Transportation: Energy Environment Safety Security Vehicle Technologies T he Center for Transportation Analysis (CTA) TAMS application is a web-based tool that supports
A Fast TCAD-based Methodology for Variation Analysis of Emerging Nano-Devices
-based PV simulations close to compact-model-based simulations. Therefore, the methodology can TCAD-based PV analysis of nano-devices critically depends on the complexity of the physical models Variations (PV). However, obtaining both fast and accurate device simulations is impractical with current
Candea, George
A Windows based graphical package for symmetrical components analysis
A Microsoft{reg_sign} Windows{trademark} graphical package to facilitate the teaching and learning of symmetrical component is described in this paper. This package is written in Microsoft Visual Basic 3.0. This software calculates and displays graphically, the ABC sequence and the corresponding symmetrical component phasors. Students can manipulate the graphical displays by keyboard input or by mouse operation. The objective of this package is to help the students to better understand the various aspects of symmetrical components` analysis through a user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI).
Yu, D.C.; Chen, D.; Ramasamy, S. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (United States); Flinn, D.G. [Cooper Power System, Franksville, WI (United States)
Social Recommender Systems Based on Coupling Network Structure Analysis
The past few years has witnessed the great success of recommender systems, which can significantly help users find relevant and interesting items for them in the information era. However, a vast class of researches in this area mainly focus on predicting missing links in bipartite user-item networks (represented as behavioral networks). Comparatively, the social impact, especially the network structure based properties, is relatively lack of study. In this paper, we firstly obtain five corresponding network-based features, including user activity, average neighbors' degree, clustering coefficient, assortative coefficient and discrimination, from social and behavioral networks, respectively. A hybrid algorithm is proposed to integrate those features from two respective networks. Subsequently, we employ a machine learning process to use those features to provide recommendation results in a binary classifier method. Experimental results on a real dataset, Flixster, suggest that the proposed method can significan...
Hu, Xiao; Chen, Xiaolong; Zhang, Zi-Ke
Computational analysis of fluid flow and zonal deposition in ferrocyanide single-shell tanks. Ferrocyanide Safety Program
Safety of single-shell tanks containing ferrocyanide wastes is of concern. Ferrocyanide in the presence of an oxidizer such as NaNO{sub 3} or NaNO{sub 2} is explosively combustible when concentrated and heated. Evaluating the processes that could affect the fuel content of waste and distribution of the tank heat load is important. Highly alkaline liquid wastes were transferred in and out of the tanks over several years. Since Na{sub 2}NiFe(CN){sub 6} is much more soluble in alkaline media, the ferrocyanide could be dispersed from the tank more easily. If Cs{sub 2}NiFe(CN){sub 6} or CsNaNiFe(CN){sub 6} are also soluble in alkaline media, solubilization and transport of {sup 137}Cs could also occur. Transporting this heat generating radionuclide to a localized area in the tanks is a potential mechanism for generating a ``hot spot.`` Fluid convection could potentially speed the transport process considerably over aqueous diffusion alone. A stability analysis was performed for a dense fluid layer overlying a porous medium saturated by a less dense fluid with the finding that the configuration is unconditionally unstable and independent of the properties of the porous medium or the magnitude of the fluid density difference. A parametric modeling study of the buoyancy-driven flow due to a thermal gradient was combusted to establish the relationship between the waste physical and thermal properties and natural convection heat transfer. The effects of diffusion and fluid convection on the redistribution of the {sup 137}Cs were evaluated with a 2-D coupled heat and mass transport model. The maximum predicted temperature rise associated with the formation of zones was only 5{degrees}C and thus is of no concern in terms of generating a localized ``hot spot.``
McGrail, B.P.; Trent, D.S.; Terrones, G.; Hudson, J.D.; Michener, T.E.
Theoretical and Experimental Thermal Performance Analysis of Complex Thermal Storage Membrane Containing Bio-Based Phase Change Material (PCM)
Since 2000, an ORNL research team has been testing different configurations of PCM-enhanced building envelop components to be used in residential and commercial buildings. During 2009, a novel type of thermal storage membrane was evaluated for building envelope applications. Bio-based PCM was encapsulated between two layers of heavy-duty plastic film forming a complex array of small PCM cells. Today, a large group of PCM products are packaged in such complex PCM containers or foils containing arrays of PCM pouches of different shapes and sizes. The transient characteristics of PCM-enhanced building envelope materials depend on the quality and amount of PCM, which is very often difficult to estimate because of the complex geometry of many PCM heat sinks. The only widely used small-scale analysis method used to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of PCM-enhanced building products is the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Unfortunately, this method requires relatively uniform, and very small, specimens of the material. However, in numerous building thermal storage applications, PCM products are not uniformly distributed across the surface area, making the results of traditional DSC measurements unrealistic for these products. In addition, most of the PCM-enhanced building products contain blends of PCM with fire retardants and chemical stabilizers. This combination of non-uniform distribution and non-homogenous composition make it nearly impossible to select a representative small specimen suitable for DSC tests. Recognizing these DSC limitations, ORNL developed a new methodology for performing dynamic heat flow analysis of complex PCM-enhanced building materials. An experimental analytical protocol to analyze the dynamic characteristics of PCM thermal storage makes use of larger specimens in a conventional heat-flow meter apparatus, and combines these experimental measurements with three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference modeling and whole building energy simulations. Based on these dynamic tests and modeling, ORNL researchers then developed a simplified one-dimensional (1-D) model of the PCM-enhanced building component that can be easily used in whole-building simulations. This paper describes this experimental-analytical methodology as used in the analysis of an insulation assembly containing a complex array of PCM pouches. Based on the presented short example of whole building energy analysis, this paper describes step-by-step how energy simulation results can be used for optimization of PCM-enhanced building envelopes. Limited results of whole building energy simulations using the EnergyPlus program are presented as well.
Kosny, Jan [ORNL; Stovall, Therese K [ORNL; Shrestha, Som S [ORNL; Yarbrough, David W [ORNL
Analysis of agent-based systems using decision procedures
In recent years, model checking has emerged as a remarkably e ective technique for the automated analysis of descriptions of hardware systems and communication protocols. To analyze software system descriptions, however, a direct application of model checking rarely succeeds [1, 3], since these descriptions often have huge (often in nite) state spaces which are not amenable to the nite-state methods of model checking. More important, the computation of a xpoint (the hallmark of the model checking approach) is not always needed in practice for the veri cation of an interesting class of properties, viz, properties that are invariantly true in all reachable states or transitions of the system. To establish a property asaninvariant, an induction proof, suitably augmented with automatically generated lemmas, often su ces. Language). To establish a formula as an invariant without any user guidance Salsa carries out an induction proof that utilizes tightly integrated decision procedures, currently a combination of BDD algorithms and a constraint solver for
Ramesh Bharadwaj
EDI-based and XML-based business-to-business integration: a statistical analysis
This paper analyses six factors that are expected to facilitate Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)-based or Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based Business-to-Business (B2B) integration. Following the Technology-Organisation-Environment ... Keywords: B2B integration, EDI, Extensible Markup Language, XML, business integration, business-to-, e-business, electronic business, electronic data interchange, standards
Juha-Miikka Nurmilaakso
Stability analysis of a phase-field model of gravity-driven unsaturated flow through porous media
The formation of preferential flow paths during infiltration of water into homogeneous, dry soil is an important phenomenon whose explanation and prediction have remained elusive under the standard theories of multiphase ...
Cueto-Felgueroso, Luis
Stochastic Analysis of Transient Flow in Heterogeneous, Variably Saturated Porous Media: The van GenuchtenMualem Constitutive Model
of the van GenuchtenMualem constitu- (e.g., Yeh et al., 1985a,b; Russo, 1993, 1995a,b; Yang ettive-textured soils with a shallow water table. More the pressure head variance. It is found that the pressure headsaturatedbe ignored. flow (Li and Yeh, 1998; Ferrante and Yeh, 1999; Zhang and Lu, 2002). To describe unsaturated flow
Cell rolling and adhesion on surfaces in shear flow. A model for an antibody-based microfluidic screening system
Here we present a model and an experimental investigation to study cell bound to the floor of a microfluidic system and the flow induced detachment. The experimental investigation has been performed by a microfluidic assay biofunctionalized with specific ... Keywords: Cell rolling, Microfluidic assay, Numerical model
G. Simone; G. Perozziello; E. Battista; F. De Angelis; P. Candeloro; F. Gentile; N. Malara; A. Manz; E. Carbone; P. Netti; E. Di Fabrizio
Monitoring Based Commissioning: Benchmarking Analysis of 24 UC/CSU/IOU Projects
Buildings rarely perform as intended, resulting in energy use that is higher than anticipated. Building commissioning has emerged as a strategy for remedying this problem in non-residential buildings. Complementing traditional hardware-based energy savings strategies, commissioning is a 'soft' process of verifying performance and design intent and correcting deficiencies. Through an evaluation of a series of field projects, this report explores the efficacy of an emerging refinement of this practice, known as monitoring-based commissioning (MBCx). MBCx can also be thought of as monitoring-enhanced building operation that incorporates three components: (1) Permanent energy information systems (EIS) and diagnostic tools at the whole-building and sub-system level; (2) Retro-commissioning based on the information from these tools and savings accounting emphasizing measurement as opposed to estimation or assumptions; and (3) On-going commissioning to ensure efficient building operations and measurement-based savings accounting. MBCx is thus a measurement-based paradigm which affords improved risk-management by identifying problems and opportunities that are missed with periodic commissioning. The analysis presented in this report is based on in-depth benchmarking of a portfolio of MBCx energy savings for 24 buildings located throughout the University of California and California State University systems. In the course of the analysis, we developed a quality-control/quality-assurance process for gathering and evaluating raw data from project sites and then selected a number of metrics to use for project benchmarking and evaluation, including appropriate normalizations for weather and climate, accounting for variations in central plant performance, and consideration of differences in building types. We performed a cost-benefit analysis of the resulting dataset, and provided comparisons to projects from a larger commissioning 'Meta-analysis' database. A total of 1120 deficiency-intervention combinations were identified in the course of commissioning the projects described in this report. The most common location of deficiencies was in HVAC equipment (65% of sites), followed by air-handling and distributions systems (59%), cooling plant (29%), heating plants (24%), and terminal units (24%). The most common interventions were adjusting setpoints, modifying sequences of operations, calibration, and various mechanical fixes (each done in about two-thirds of the sites). The normalized rate of occurrence of deficiencies and corresponding interventions ranged from about 0.1/100ksf to 10/100ksf, depending on the issue. From these interventions flowed significant and highly cost-effective energy savings For the MBCx cohort, source energy savings of 22 kBTU/sf-year (10%) were achieved, with a range of 2% to 25%. Median electricity savings were 1.9 kWh/sf-year (9%), with a range of 1% to 17%. Peak electrical demand savings were 0.2 W/sf-year (4%), with a range of 3% to 11%. The aggregate commissioning cost for the 24 projects was $2.9 million. We observed a range of normalized costs from $0.37 to 1.62/sf, with a median value of $1.00/sf for buildings that implemented MBCx projects. Per the program design, monitoring costs as a percentage of total costs are significantly higher in MBCx projects (median value 40%) than typical commissioning projects included in the Meta-analysis (median value of 2% in the commissioning database). Half of the projects were in buildings containing complex and energy-intensive laboratory space, with higher associated costs. Median energy cost savings were $0.25/sf-year, for a median simple payback time of 2.5 years. Significant and cost-effective energy savings were thus obtained. The greatest absolute energy savings and shortest payback times were achieved in laboratory-type facilities. While impacts varied from project to project, on a portfolio basis we find MBCx to be a highly cost-effective means of obtaining significant program-level energy savings across a variety of building types. E
Mills, Evan; Mathew, Paul
A PC-Based Interactive Imaging System Designed for INSAT Data Analysis and Monsoon Studies
A PC-based interactive image processing system has been developed for aiding the analysis of Indian Geosynchronous Satellite (INSAT) data for Asian monsoon studies. In view of its diminutive stature, the system has been given the name �MIDGET,� ...
Eric A. Smith; Kyung Whan Oh; Matthew R. Smith
EM analysis of rijndael and ECC on a wireless java-based PDA
Although many wireless portable devices offer more resistance to bus probing and power analysis due to their compact size, susceptibility to electromagnetic (EM) attacks must be analyzed. This paper demonstrates, for the first time, a real EM-based attack ...
Catherine H. Gebotys; Simon Ho; C. C. Tiu
Reliability analysis of component-based systems with multiple failure modes
This paper presents a novel approach to the reliability modeling and analysis of a component-based system that allows dealing with multiple failure modes and studying the error propagation among components. The proposed model permits to specify the components ...
Antonio Filieri; Carlo Ghezzi; Vincenzo Grassi; Raffaela Mirandola
Cognitive factors in perspective-based reading (PBR): A protocol analysis study
The following study investigated cognitive factors involved in applying the Perspective-Based Reading (PBR) technique for defect detection in software inspections. Using the protocol analysis technique from cognitive science, the authors coded concurrent ...
Bryan Robbins; Jeff Carver
Evolution of Analysis Error and Adjoint-Based Sensitivities: Implications for Adaptive Observations
The structure and evolution of analysis error and adjoint-based sensitivities [potential enstrophy initial singular vectors (SVs) and gradient sensitivities of the forecast error to initial conditions] are compared following a cyclone development ...
Hyun Mee Kim; Michael C. Morgan; Rebecca E. Morss
Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Uncertainty Based on a Radiative Perturbation Analysis
To provide a lower bound for the uncertainty in measurement-based clear- and all-sky direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF), a radiative perturbation analysis is performed for the ideal case in which the perturbations in global mean aerosol ...
Norman G. Loeb; Wenying Su
CyberShake 3.0: Physics-based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis...
CyberShake 3.0: Physics-based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis PI Name: Thomas Jordan PI Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Institution: University of Southern California Allocation...
CyberShake3.0: Physics-Based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis...
CyberShake3.0: Physics-Based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis PI Name: Thomas Jordan PI Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Institution: University of Southern California Allocation...
Building Energy Performance Analysis of an Academic Building Using IFC BIM-Based Methodology
This paper discusses the potential to use an Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)/Building Information Modelling (BIM) based method to undertake Building Energy Performance analysis of an academic building. BIM/IFC based methodology provides a mechanism for providing quick and cost-effective feedback to building users. The paper discusses the need for IFC and BIM-based analysis of existing buildings. A case study of Building Energy Performance Analysis of an academic building is presented with a detailed discussion on various interventions undertaken to calibrate the model. The paper concludes that BIM/IFC based approaches provide a feasible alternative to conduct energy analysis of existing buildings provided various correlations are built into the model.
Aziz, Z.; Arayici, Y.; Shivachev, D.
PLANTATIONS FIGURE 2 BIOGAS PROCESS TL'BIOGAS _ANAERQBICf o r Other Data Bases >BIOGAS/TI,DE,ID BIO(W)GAS/TI,DE,IDSEARCHES Methane (or Biogas) Production from Agricultural
Robinson, J.
Graph-based ranking algorithms for e-mail expertise analysis
In this paper we study graph--based ranking measures for the purpose of using them to rank email correspondents according to their degree of expertise on subjects of interest. While this complete expertise analysis consists of several steps, in this ... Keywords: digraph node ranking, expert finding, ordered list distance, social network analysis
Byron Dom; Iris Eiron; Alex Cozzi; Yi Zhang
Symposium article: Simulation-based L2 writing instruction: Enhancement through genre analysis
Researchers have highlighted various benefits of the simulation-based approach to second language (L2) writing instruction. In this article, the author argues, with specific pedagogical scenarios, that an explicit focus on genre and genre analysis in ... Keywords: EAP, ESP, L2 writing, genre analysis, genre studies, processing of content materials, simulations, textual practices, writing accuracy, writing instruction
An Cheng
Event-based approach to money laundering data analysis and visualization
Crime specific event patterns are crucial in detecting potential relationships among suspects in criminal networks. However, current link analysis tools commonly used in detection do not utilize such patterns for detecting various types of crimes. These ... Keywords: crime detection, event-based data analysis, money laundering, visualization
Tat-Man Cheong; Yain-Whar Si
A user term visualization analysis based on a social question and answer log
The authors of this paper investigate terms of consumers' diabetes based on a log from the Yahoo!Answers social question and answers (Q&A) forum, ascertain characteristics and relationships among terms related to diabetes from the consumers' perspective, ... Keywords: Diabetes, Information seeking pattern, Q&A, Social question and answers, Term analysis, Visualization analysis
Jin Zhang, Yiming Zhao
Analysis of enzymopathies in the human red blood cells by constraint-based stoichiometric modeling approaches
The human red blood cell (RBC) metabolism is investigated by calculating steady state fluxes using constraint-based stoichiometric modeling approaches. For the normal RBC metabolism, flux balance analysis (FBA) is performed via optimization of various ... Keywords: Enzymopathy, Flux balance analysis, Minimization of metabolic adjustment, Red blood cell, Regulatory on-off minimization
Saliha Durmu? Tekir; Tunahan �ak?r; Kutlu �. �lgen
A sign matrix based scheme for non-homogeneous PDE's with an analysis of the convergence stagnation phenomenon
This work is devoted to the analysis of a finite volume method recently proposed for the numerical computation of a class of non-homogenous systems of partial differential equations of interest in fluid dynamics. The stability analysis of the proposed ... Keywords: 03483, 38675, 41076, Euler equations, Finite volumes, Riemann problems, SRNH scheme, Shallow water equations, Source terms, Two-phase flow
Slah Sahmim; Fayssal Benkhaldoun; Francisco Alcrudo
Geothermal Resource/Reservoir Investigations Based on Heat Flow and Thermal Gradient Data for the United States
Several activities related to geothermal resources in the western United States are described in this report. A database of geothermal site-specific thermal gradient and heat flow results from individual exploration wells in the western US has been assembled. Extensive temperature gradient and heat flow exploration data from the active exploration of the 1970's and 1980's were collected, compiled, and synthesized, emphasizing previously unavailable company data. Examples of the use and applications of the database are described. The database and results are available on the world wide web. In this report numerical models are used to establish basic qualitative relationships between structure, heat input, and permeability distribution, and the resulting geothermal system. A series of steady state, two-dimensional numerical models evaluate the effect of permeability and structural variations on an idealized, generic Basin and Range geothermal system and the results are described.
D. D. Blackwell; K. W. Wisian; M. C. Richards; J. L. Steele
Momentum Balance of Gravity Flows
A unified scale analysis of the momentum balance of downslope gravity flows is developed to organize previous theories for the case of negligible ambient flow and fixed temperature deficit scale. The values of several nondimensional parameters ...
L. Mahrt
Well-balanced bicharacteristic-based scheme for multilayer shallow water flows including wet/dry fronts
The aim of this paper is to present a new well-balanced finite volume scheme for two-dimensional multilayer shallow water flows including wet/dry fronts. The ideas, presented here for the two-layer model, can be generalized to a multilayer case in a ... Keywords: Bicharacteristics, Evolution galerkin, Finite volume method, Two-layer shallow water, Well-balance, Wet/dry front
M. Dudzinski; M. Luk�?Ov�-Medvid'Ov�
Computer Based Training: Engineering Technical Training Modules - Finite Element Analysis v1.0
Finite Element Analysis ETTM, Version 1.0 is a computer45based training module that allows users to access training when desired and review it at their own pace. This module provides information about the basics of finite element analysis and modeling. This training should be used for position specific and/or continuing training for individuals involved with finite element analysis. This computer-based training (CBT) module is intended for use by new engineers as well as engineers changing jobs where bas...
High dimensional model representation based formulations for fuzzy finite element analysis of structures
This paper presents a practical approach based on high dimensional model representation (HDMR) for analyzing the response of structures with fuzzy parameters. The proposed methodology involves integrated finite element modeling, HDMR based response surface ... Keywords: Explicit formulation, Finite element, Fuzzy analysis, High dimensional model representation, Implicit formulation, Response surface
A. S. Balu; B. N. Rao
Agent-based analysis of patterns in crowd behaviour involving contagion of mental states
In this paper an agent-based analysis is made of patterns in crowd behaviour, in particular to simulate a real-life incident that took place on May 4, 2010 in Amsterdam. As a basis, an existing agent-based model is used for contagion of emotions, beliefs ... Keywords: belief, contagion, crowd behaviour, emotion, intention
Tibor Bosse; Mark Hoogendoorn; Michel C. A. Klein; Jan Treur; C. Natalie Van Der Wal
Automated Aspect Recommendation through Clustering-Based Fan-in Analysis
Identifying code implementing a crosscutting concern (CCC) automatically can benefit the maintainability and evolvability of the application. Although many approaches have been proposed to identify potential aspects, a lot of manual work is typically ... Keywords: ranking metric, automated aspect recommendation, clustering-based fan-in analysis, crosscutting concern, refactorable aspects, aspect mining, method clusters, lexical based clustering
Danfeng Zhang; Yao Guo; Xiangqun Chen
Multi-Agent-Based simulation for analysis of transport policy and infrastructure measures
In this paper we elaborate on the usage of multi-agent-based simulation (MABS) for quantitative impact assessment of transport policy and infrastructure measures. We provide a general discussion on how to use MABS for freight transport analysis, focusing ... Keywords: MABS, freight transportation, multi-agent systems, multi-agent-based simulation, supply chain simulation, transport policy assessment
Johan Holmgren; Linda Ramstedt; Paul Davidsson; Jan A. Persson
WINACS: construction and analysis of web-based computer science information networks
WINACS (Web-based Information Network Analysis for Computer Science) is a project that incorporates many recent, exciting developments in data sciences to construct a Web-based computer science information network and to discover, retrieve, rank, cluster, ... Keywords: WINACS, information networks, web mining
Tim Weninger; Marina Danilevsky; Fabio Fumarola; Joshua Hailpern; Jiawei Han; Thomas J. Johnston; Surya Kallumadi; Hyungsul Kim; Zhijin Li; David McCloskey; Yizhou Sun; Nathan E. TeGrotenhuis; Chi Wang; Xiao Yu
J g R l O I T H m WftSTFS DOE EOB Search S t r a t e g yF r a n c i s c o , CA, DOE'S ENERGY DATA BASE (EDB) VERSUSContract W-740S-ENQ-48 iVtt DOE'* Energy Data Bate (EDB)
Synthesis of Enterprise and Value-Based Methods for Multiattribute Risk Analysis
This paper describes a method for performing multiattribute decision analysis to prioritize ap-proaches to handling risks during the development and operation of complex socio-technical systems. The method combines risk categorization based on enterprise views, risk prioritization of the categories based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and more standard probability-consequence ratings schemes. We also apply value-based testing me-thods used in software development to prioritize risk-handling approaches. We describe a tool that synthesizes the methods and performs a multiattribute analysis of the technical and pro-grammatic risks on the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) enterprise.
C. Robert Kenley; John W. Collins; John M. Beck; Harold J. Heydt; Chad B. Garcia
Macroalgae Analysis A National GIS-based Analysis of Macroalgae Production Potential Summary Report and Project Plan
The overall project objective is to conduct a strategic analysis to assess the state of macroalgae as a feedstock for biofuels production. The objective in FY11 is to develop a multi-year systematic national assessment to evaluate the U.S. potential for macroalgae production using a GIS-based assessment tool and biophysical growth model developed as part of these activities. The initial model development for both resource assessment and constraints was completed and applied to the demonstration areas. The model for macroalgal growth was extended to the EEZ off the East and West Coasts of the United States, and a plan to merge the findings for an initial composite assessment was developed. In parallel, an assessment of land-based, port, and offshore infrastructure needs based on published and grey literature was conducted. Major information gaps and challenges encountered during this analysis were identified. Also conducted was an analysis of the type of local, state, and federal requirements that pertain to permitting land-based facilities and nearshore/offshore culture operations
Roesijadi, Guritno; Coleman, Andre M.; Judd, Chaeli; Van Cleve, Frances B.; Thom, Ronald M.; Buenau, Kate E.; Tagestad, Jerry D.; Wigmosta, Mark S.; Ward, Jeffrey A.
A two-mesh coupled gas flow-solid interaction model for 2D blast analysis in fractured media
A 2D coupled two-mesh interaction model for blast gas flow through fractured and fragmented solid media is presented. It is mainly designed to solve blast problems where a complicated set of wide difficult phenomena are involved: shock waves, progressive ... Keywords: Blast, Combined finite/discrete element method, Cracking, Explosion, Fragmentation, Gas-solid interaction
that the void fraction increases through the tube array due to the pressure drop through the bundle. At high.4.2. Fully flexible array 64 4. Results: Air-water two-phase flow 73 4.1. Void fraction measurement 74 4) visual observations and (b) strain gauge signal 71 4.1: Comparison of measured void fraction
Dhir, Vijay
Stochastically scalable flow control
Recent advances in the mathematical analysis of flow control have prompted the creation of the Scalable TCP (STCP) and Exponential RED (E-RED) algorithms. These are designed to be scalable under the popular deterministic delay ...
Thomas Voice
A framework for graph-based synthesis, analysis, and visualization of HPC cluster job data.
The monitoring and system analysis of high performance computing (HPC) clusters is of increasing importance to the HPC community. Analysis of HPC job data can be used to characterize system usage and diagnose and examine failure modes and their effects. This analysis is not straightforward, however, due to the complex relationships that exist between jobs. These relationships are based on a number of factors, including shared compute nodes between jobs, proximity of jobs in time, etc. Graph-based techniques represent an approach that is particularly well suited to this problem, and provide an effective technique for discovering important relationships in job queuing and execution data. The efficacy of these techniques is rooted in the use of a semantic graph as a knowledge representation tool. In a semantic graph job data, represented in a combination of numerical and textual forms, can be flexibly processed into edges, with corresponding weights, expressing relationships between jobs, nodes, users, and other relevant entities. This graph-based representation permits formal manipulation by a number of analysis algorithms. This report presents a methodology and software implementation that leverages semantic graph-based techniques for the system-level monitoring and analysis of HPC clusters based on job queuing and execution data. Ontology development and graph synthesis is discussed with respect to the domain of HPC job data. The framework developed automates the synthesis of graphs from a database of job information. It also provides a front end, enabling visualization of the synthesized graphs. Additionally, an analysis engine is incorporated that provides performance analysis, graph-based clustering, and failure prediction capabilities for HPC systems.
Mayo, Jackson R.; Kegelmeyer, W. Philip, Jr.; Wong, Matthew H.; Pebay, Philippe Pierre; Gentile, Ann C.; Thompson, David C.; Roe, Diana C.; De Sapio, Vincent; Brandt, James M.
Simulation of 7050 Wrought Aluminum Alloy Wheel Die Forging and its Defects Analysis based on DEFORM
Defects such as folding, intercrystalline cracking and flow lines outcrop are very likely to occur in the forging of aluminum alloy. Moreover, it is difficult to achieve the optimal set of process parameters just by trial and error within an industrial environment. In producing 7050 wrought aluminum alloy wheel, a rigid-plastic finite element method (FEM) analysis has been performed to optimize die forging process. Processing parameters were analyzed, focusing on the effects of punch speed, friction factor and temperature. Meanwhile, mechanism as well as the evolution with respect to the defects of the wrought wheel was studied in details. From an analysis of the results, isothermal die forging was proposed for producing 7050 aluminum alloy wheel with good mechanical properties. Finally, verification experiment was carried out on hydropress.
Huang Shiquan; Yi Youping; Zhang Yuxun [School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China)
Multiple Flow Regimes in the Northern Hemisphere Winter. Part II: Sectorial Regimes and Preferred Transitions
This paper presents an observational analysis of recurrent flow patterns in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter, based on a 37-year series of daily 700-mb height anomalies. Large-scale anomaly patterns that appear repeatedly and persist beyond ...
Masahide Kimoto; Michael Ghil
Measuring the CO2 flux at the air/water interface in lakes using flow injection analysis
, close to the sampling points, in order to allow in situ analysis. O´ leo Lake, a waterflood basin
Jardim, Wilson de Figueiredo
Uncertainty analysis of integrated gasification combined cycle systems based on Frame 7H versus 7F gas turbines
Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology is a promising alternative for clean generation of power and coproduction of chemicals from coal and other feedstocks. Advanced concepts for IGCC systems that incorporate state-of-the-art gas turbine systems, however, are not commercially demonstrated. Therefore, there is uncertainty regarding the future commercial-scale performance, emissions, and cost of such technologies. The Frame 7F gas turbine represents current state-of-practice, whereas the Frame 7H is the most recently introduced advanced commercial gas turbine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risks and potential payoffs of IGCC technology based on different gas turbine combined cycle designs. Models of entrained-flow gasifier-based IGCC systems with Frame 7F (IGCC-7F) and 7H gas turbine combined cycles (IGCC-7H) were developed in ASPEN Plus. An uncertainty analysis was conducted. Gasifier carbon conversion and project cost uncertainty are identified as the most important uncertain inputs with respect to system performance and cost. The uncertainties in the difference of the efficiencies and costs for the two systems are characterized. Despite uncertainty, the IGCC-7H system is robustly preferred to the IGCC-7F system. Advances in gas turbine design will improve the performance, emissions, and cost of IGCC systems. The implications of this study for decision-making regarding technology selection, research planning, and plant operation are discussed. 38 refs., 11 figs., 5 tabs.
Yunhua Zhu; H. Christopher Frey [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States)
LBL-10090 UC-61 HYDROLYZED WOOD SLURRY FLOW MODELING JimLBL-10090 HYDROLYZED WOOD SLURRY FLOW MODELING Jim Wrathallconversion of hydrolyzed wood slurry to fuel oil, Based on
Wrathall, Jim
Monitoring Based Commissioning: Benchmarking Analysis of 24 UC/CSU/IOU
Monitoring Based Commissioning: Benchmarking Analysis of 24 UC/CSU/IOU Monitoring Based Commissioning: Benchmarking Analysis of 24 UC/CSU/IOU Projects Title Monitoring Based Commissioning: Benchmarking Analysis of 24 UC/CSU/IOU Projects Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-1972E Year of Publication 2009 Authors Mills, Evan, and Paul A. Mathew Call Number LBNL-1972E Abstract HVAC systems that are designed without properly accounting for equipment load variation across laboratory spaces in a facility can significantly increase simultaneous heating and cooling, particularly for systems that use zone reheat for temperature control. This best practice guide describes the problem of simultaneous heating and cooling resulting from load variations, and presents several technological and design process strategies to minimize it.
Analysis of Customer Enrollment Patterns in TIme-Based Rate Programs:
Analysis of Customer Enrollment Patterns in TIme-Based Rate Analysis of Customer Enrollment Patterns in TIme-Based Rate Programs: Initial Results from the SGIG Consumer Behavior Studies (July 2013) Analysis of Customer Enrollment Patterns in TIme-Based Rate Programs: Initial Results from the SGIG Consumer Behavior Studies (July 2013) The U.S. Department of Energy is implementing the Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) program under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act). The SGIG program involves 99 projects that are deploying smart grid technologies, tools, and techniques for electric transmission, distribution, advanced metering, and customer systems. A subset of the 99 SGIG projects is conducting consumer behavior studies. These studies examine the response of residential and small commercial
A Statistics-Based Method For The Short-Wave Infrared Spectral Analysis Of
Statistics-Based Method For The Short-Wave Infrared Spectral Analysis Of Statistics-Based Method For The Short-Wave Infrared Spectral Analysis Of Altered Rocks- An Example From The Acoculco Caldera, Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: A Statistics-Based Method For The Short-Wave Infrared Spectral Analysis Of Altered Rocks- An Example From The Acoculco Caldera, Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) Abstract: We propose a simple graphic and statistical method for processing short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectivity spectra of alteration minerals, which classifies spectra according to their shape and absorption features, thus obtaining groups of spectra equivalent to mineral assemblages. It also permits selection of fewer samples for further mineralogical verification.
U.S. Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis | Open
Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Report: U.S. Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis Abstract Renewable energy technical potential as defined in this report represents the achievable energy generation of a particular technology given system performance, topographic limitations, environmental, and land-use constraints. The primary benefit of assessing technical potential is that it establishes an upper-boundary estimate of development potential. Authors Anthony Lopez, Billy Roberts, Donna Heimiller, Nate Blair and Gian Porro Organization National Renewable Energy Laboratory Published National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012 Report Number NREL/TP-6A20-51946 DOI
Comparative Analysis of the Local Observation-Based (LOB) Method and the Nonparametric Regression-Based Method for Gridded Bias Correction in Mesoscale Weather Forecasting
The comparative analysis of three methods for objective grid-based bias removal in mesoscale numerical weather prediction models is considered. The first technique is the local observation-based (LOB) method that extends further the approaches of ...
Yulia R. Gel
Capabilities for information flow
This paper presents a capability-based mechanism for permissive yet secure enforcement of information-flow policies. Language capabilities have been studied widely, and several popular implementations, such as Caja and Joe-E, are available. By making ... Keywords: capabilities, information flow control
Arnar Birgisson; Alejandro Russo; Andrei Sabelfeld
The effects between two slotted plate flow meter under single, two, three components flow condition
In previous work on the slotted flow meter, repeatibility and reproducibility were studied under different flow conditions and different configurations. In accordance with previous work, the effects of the distance between the slotted plate were identified as an area requring further investigation. The preset 5D distance is expanded to the 10D distance. The flow coefficient KY, the pressure drop, and the uncertainty analysis is conducted. There were definite deference in the results between the 5D distance and the 10D distance in many aspects. As a base line, the flow coefficient KY showed 0.8% ~ 2% difference between the 5D and the 10D distance case. Depending upon the upstream flow conditions, the reproducibility of the slotted flow meter was affected. The pressure drop increased as the upstream Reynolds number increased. The result from the analysis of the water cut meter showed that there are definite relationships between the parameteres of the water cut meter and the parameters of the flow.
Park, Sang Hyan
Subcooled flow boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux in water-based nanofluids at low pressure
A nanofluid is a colloidal suspension of nano-scale particles in water, or other base fluids. Previous pool boiling studies have shown that nanofluids can improve the critical heat flux (CHF) by as much as 200%. In this ...
Kim, Sung Joong, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Analysis of mass loss of a coal particle during the course of burning in a flow of inert material
This paper is an attempt to explain the role of erosion during the process of coal combustion in a circulating fluidized bed. Different kinds of carbon deposits found in Poland, both bituminous as well as lignite with the particle of 10 mm in diameter were the subject of the research. According to many publications it is well known that erosion plays a significant role in coal combustion, by changing its mechanism as well as generating an additional mass loss of the mother particle. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of an inert material on an erosive mass loss of a single coal particle burning in a two-phase flow. The determination of the influence of a coal type, the rate of flow of inert material and the temperature inside the furnace on the erosive mass loss of burning coal particle was also taken into consideration. The results obtained indicate that the velocity of the erosive mass loss depends on the chemical composition and petrographic structure of burning coal. The mechanical interaction of inert and burning coal particles leads to the shortening of the period of overall mass loss of the coal particle by even two times. The increase in the rate of flow of the inert material intensifies the generation of mass loss by up to 100%. The drop in temperature which slows down the combustion process, decreases the mass loss of the coal particle as the result of mechanical interaction of the inert material. As was observed, the process of percolation plays a significant role by weakening the surface of the burning coal. (author)
Pelka, Piotr [Czestochowa University of Technology, Department of Boilers and Thermodynamics, Armii Krajowej 19c, Czestochowa, Silesia 42-200 (Poland)
TYBO/BENHAM: Model Analysis of Groundwater Flow and Radionuclide Migration from Underground Nuclear Tests in Southwestern Pahute Mesa, Nevada
Recent field studies have led to the discovery of trace quantities of plutonium originating from the BENHAM underground nuclear test in two groundwater observation wells on Pahute Mesa at the Nevada Test Site. These observation wells are located 1.3 km from the BENHAM underground nuclear test and approximately 300 m from the TYBO underground nuclear test. In addition to plutonium, several other conservative (e.g. tritium) and reactive (e.g. cesium) radionuclides were found in both observation wells. The highest radionuclide concentrations were found in a well sampling a welded tuff aquifer more than 500m above the BENHAM emplacement depth. These measurements have prompted additional investigations to ascertain the mechanisms, processes, and conditions affecting subsurface radionuclide transport in Pahute Mesa groundwater. This report describes an integrated modeling approach used to simulate groundwater flow, radionuclide source release, and radionuclide transport near the BENHAM and TYBO underground nuclear tests on Pahute Mesa. The components of the model include a flow model at a scale large enough to encompass many wells for calibration, a source-term model capable of predicting radionuclide releases to aquifers following complex processes associated with nonisothermal flow and glass dissolution, and site-scale transport models that consider migration of solutes and colloids in fractured volcanic rock. Although multiple modeling components contribute to the methodology presented in this report, they are coupled and yield results consistent with laboratory and field observations. Additionally, sensitivity analyses are conducted to provide insight into the relative importance of uncertainty ranges in the transport parameters.
Andrew Wolfsberg; Lee Glascoe; Guoping Lu; Alyssa Olson; Peter Lichtner; Maureen McGraw; Terry Cherry; Guy Roemer
The influence of the time delay of information flow on an economy evolution. The stock market analysis
The decision process requires information about the present state of the system, but in economy acquiring data and processing them is an expensive and time consuming process. Therefore the state of the system is measured and announced at the end of the well defined time intervals. The model of a stock market coupled with an economy is investigated and the role of the length of the time delay of information flow investigated. It is shown that increasing the time delay leads to collective behavior of agents and oscillations of autocorrelations in absolute log-returns.
Miskiewicz, Janusz
Designing Axial Flow Fan for Flow and Noise
A comprehensive finite element methodology is developed to predict the compressible flow performance of a non-symmetric 7-blade axial flow fan, and to quantify the source strength and sound pressure levels at any location in the system. The acoustic and flow performances of the fan are predicted simultaneously using a computational aero-acoustic technique combining transient flow analysis and noise propagation. The calculated sound power levels compare favorably with the measured sound power data per AMCA 300-96 code.
Subrata Roy; Phillip Cho; Fred P�ri�; International Off-highway
Benchmarking european airports based on a profitability envelope: a break-even analysis
In this paper a simplified benchmarking methodology is presented. This new approach is based on the computation of a discrete envelope over distributed data points. Financial and operational data from 139 European airports in 10 countries was collected ... Keywords: airport benchmarking, break-even analysis, profit maximization
Branko Bubalo
Energy consumption analysis of reputation-based trust management schemes of wireless sensor networks
Energy consumption is one of the most important parameters for evaluation of a scheme proposed for WSNs because of their resource constraint nature. Comprehensive comparative analysis of proposed reputation-based trust management schemes of WSNs from ... Keywords: reputation, sensor networks, trust evaluation, trust management
Riaz Ahmed Shaikh; Young-Koo Lee; Sungyoung Lee
New Equipment of Distinguishing Rock from Coal Based on Statistical Analysis of Fast Fourier Transform
A new equipment of distinguishing rock from coal based on statistical analysis of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is invented which can be used in the mechanized caving coal locales. First, eight groups of sound signals which had been measured during caving ... Keywords: Threshold of Distinguishing Rock from Coal, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Frequency Energy Variance, Frequency Energy Ratio
Gu Tao; Li Xu
A Gauge-Based Analysis of Daily Precipitation over East Asia
A new gauge-based analysis of daily precipitation has been constructed on a 0.5� latitude�longitude grid over East Asia (5��60�N, 65��155�E) for a 26-yr period from 1978 to 2003 using gauge observations at over 2200 stations collected from ...
Pingping Xie; Mingyue Chen; Song Yang; Akiyo Yatagai; Tadahiro Hayasaka; Yoshihiro Fukushima; Changming Liu
Steady State Performance Analysis of a VSC-Based HVDC Converter Stations Using PSCAD/EMTDC
This paper presents a steady state performance analysis carried out to study the behavior of a two VSC-based operating as a single-input single output HVDC link. The digital model of the HVDC link has been implemented and evaluated using PSCAD/EMTDC�. ... Keywords: Voltage source converter, HVDC Stations, pulse width modulation, harmonic spectra
Eduardo V�squez-Mortera; Edgar L. Moreno-Goytia
Anchor shot detection with diverse style backgrounds based on spatial-temporal slice analysis
Anchor shot detection is a challenging and important task for news video analysis. This paper has put forward a novel anchor shot detection algorithm for the situations with dynamic studio background and multiple anchorpersons based on spatio-temporal ... Keywords: anchor shot detection, dynamic background, multiple anchorpersons, sequential clustering, spatio-temporal slice
Fuguang Zheng; Shijin Li; Hao Wu; Jun Feng
Implementing automatic spot addressing and contour based segmentation in microarray image analysis
DNA microarrays have become a widely used technique by geneticists to diagnose or treat diseases through gene expression. The process of analysis gene expression with DNA microarrays is based on the hybridization of a tissue's DNA sequence into a substrate ... Keywords: DNA microarrays, contour segmentation, edge detection, image processing, segmentation, spot addressing
Alexandra Oliveros; Miguel Sotaquir�
Dynamic analysis of electric arcs based on energetic and Clarke approach
In the present paper an innovative approach to the transient study of interrupted single- and three-phase networks is proposed. It is based on state-equations and it is independent on the mathematical model adopted to represent the electric arc. In the ... Keywords: circuit breakers, switching transients, transient analysis
Francesco Della Torre; Sonia Leva; Adriano Paolo Morando
Adoption of energy-efficiency measures in SMEs An empirical analysis based on energy audit data
Adoption of energy-efficiency measures in SMEs An empirical analysis based on energy audit data;Abstract This paper empiricallyinvestigates the factors driving the adoption of energy-efficiency measures on barriers to energy efficiency in SMEs. More specifically, high investment costs, which are captured
Experimental Analysis of Task-based Energy Consumption in Cloud Computing Systems
this model, we have conducted extensive experiments to profile the energy consumption in cloud computingExperimental Analysis of Task-based Energy Consumption in Cloud Computing Systems Feifei Chen, John is that large cloud data centres consume large amounts of energy and produce significant carbon footprints
Schneider, Jean-Guy
GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: a critical overview
There are three main objectives of this monograph: (i) to provide an introduction to geographical information technology along with an historical perspective on the evolving role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in planning, (ii) to overview relevant methods and techniques for GISbased land-use suitability mapping and modeling, and (iii) to identify the trends, challenges and prospects of GIS-based land-use suitability analysis. The monograph focuses on two perspectives of GIS-based land-use suitability analysis: the techno-positivist perspective and the socio-political, public participation perspectives. It is organized into six chapters. After an introductory setting chapter, which defines the scope of land-use suitability analysis, an overview of relevant GIS technology is provided in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 offers an historical account of the development of GIS. It also discusses the development of GIS in the context of evolving perspectives of planning. Chapter 4 gives an overview of the methods for GIS-based land-use suitability modeling. The overview provides a background against which selected case studies are discussed in Chapter 5. The concluding chapter summarized the main points of the monographs and discusses problems and prospects for GIS-based land-use suitability analysis.
Jacek Malczewski
Video analytics algorithm for detecting objects crossing lines in specific direction using blob-based analysis
This paper presents a video analytics algorithm for detecting event of objects crossing predetermined line-of-interest in the scene in specific direction. A fast blob-based analysis is formulated to detect the event, combined with the object detection ... Keywords: line intrusion, surveillance system, tripwire, video analytics, virtual boundary, wrong direction detection
Zulaikha Kadim; Liang kim meng; Norshuhada Samudin; Khairunnisa Mohamed Johari; Khairil Hafriza; Choong Teck Liong; Hon Hock Woon
An efficient FE model based on combined theory for the analysis of soft core sandwich plate
An efficient C0 continuous finite element (FE) model is developed based on combined theory (refine higher order shear deformation theory (RHSDT) and least square error (LSE) method) for the static analysis of soft core sandwich plate. In this ... Keywords: Composites, Finite element, Laminate, Plates, Sandwich materials
Ravi Prakash Khandelwal; Anupam Chakrabarti; Pradeep Bhargava
Regression Models for Demand Reduction based on Cluster Analysis of Load
Regression Models for Demand Reduction based on Cluster Analysis of Load Regression Models for Demand Reduction based on Cluster Analysis of Load Profiles Speaker(s): Nobuyuki Yamaguchi Date: March 26, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 This seminar provides new regression models for demand reduction of Demand Response programs for the purpose of ex ante evaluation of the programs and screening for recruiting customer enrollment into the programs. The proposed regression models employ load sensitivity to outside air temperature and representative load pattern derived from cluster analysis of customer baseline load as explanatory variables. We examined the performance of the proposed models with respect to the validity of explanatory variables and fitness of regressions, using actual load profile data of Pacific Gas and Electric Company's commercial and industrial
Flow instabilities in the core and the coolant circuit of advances low-boiling light water reacto: classification of causes and development of simulator for the future analysis
The coolant flow instability, apparent in the coolant mass flow fluctuations in the separate parallel heating channels and also in a closed loop of the primary circuit under some operating conditions, is observed in the core fuel assemblies of light water reactors. In some ways this phenomenon is identical with the fluctuations in the once-through steam generators pipes, and changes of the coolant mass flows and length of flow patterns are initiating this phenomenon. The parameters at the core output and the secondary circuit parameters have influence on each other. These parameter changes have significant influences on the operating processes, operating and control algorithms, operating and control system design, and reliability of the operating power plant's machines and equipment. Changes of heating surface temperatures, displacement borders of the flow patterns, and critical heat flux entail changes of the coolant flow parameters, finally causing changes of the initial primary system parameters due to closed loop system feedback. In turn, these cause over-circuit instability in the reactor. Core power generation changes are carried out by means of influencing the nuclear fission process through changing the multiplication factor. Additionally, these local side-to-side power irregularities in sub-zones may appear due to the influence of various hydrodynamic instabilities. The local side-to-side power in these sub-zones may differ significantly from each other. The aforesaid arguments are correct for the both light water reactor types. But, as is shown by our investigations and operational practice of low-boiling reactors, behavior of the core-circuit hydrodynamic system is significantly different from its behavior in the boiling or pressurized reactors with pumping circulation. The coolant flow regimes in typical reactors are defined through pump operating regimes and are not adjustable inside a certain power range. The objective of this thesis is to understand more precisely the influence and the nature of these phenomena. After analyzing the problem from different points of view and showing the necessity of its comprehensive understanding, we present recommendations for engineering solutions and plans for further investigations. We will try to determine limits of their reliable practical application with modern low-to-medium power reactor design and investigate this dynamic system behavior. Finally, it is necessary to take into consideration not separate phenomena, but their complex influence on the whole primary system (i.e. a kind of macro-system is examined without being separated into its individual elements). But, the analysis of every phenomenon is fulfilled separately and a process of formation of a block-scheme, consisting of several sub-systems, is given in this thesis. The final block-scheme is presented as a simulator model, taking into consideration design components chosen for the analysis of system dynamics as the first step of model development.
Rezvyi, Aleksey
Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis)
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Long Term World Oil Supply Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis) 07/28/2000 Click here to start Table of Contents Long Term World Oil Supply (A Resource Base/Production Path Analysis) Executive Summary Executive Summary (Continued) Executive Summary (Continued) Overview The Year of Peak Production..When will worldwide conventional oil production peak?... Lower 48 Crude Oil Reserves & Production 1945-2000 Texas Oil and Condensate Production, and Texas First Purchase Price (FPP), 1980-1999 Published Estimates of World Oil Ultimate Recovery Different Interpretations of a Hypothetical 6,000 Billion Barrel World Original Oil-in-Place Resource Base Campbell-Laherrère World Oil Production Estimates, 1930-2050 Laherreres Oil Production Forecast, 1930-2150
Ensemble-Based Exigent Analysis. Part I: Estimating Worst-Case Weather-Related Forecast Damage Scenarios
Exigent analysis supplements an ensemble forecast of weather-related damage with a map of the worst-case scenario (WCS), a multivariate confidence bound of the damage. For multivariate Gaussian ensembles, ensemble-based exigent analysis uses a ...
Daniel Gombos; Ross N. Hoffman
Network flow model analysis of the impact of chlorofluorocarbon phaseout on acid-grade fluorspar. Information circular/1994
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC`s) are being phased out and eventually banned under extensive international agreements because the chlorine in CFC`s is thought to deplete the Earth`s ozone layer. As a result, the fluorspar mining industry, which is the source of fluorine in fluorocarbons through intermediate hydrofluoric acid, is being affected. Concern for this impact has led the U.S. Bureau of Mines to employ its capabilities to analyze various scenarios in the evolution of CFC replacements and substitutes to determine their effect on fluorspar mining. This report utilizes a network flow model to examine the effects of proposed replacements for CFC`s, in terms of fluorine content, on fluorspar operations worldwide and on hydrofluoric acid plants in North America and Europe.
Slatnick, J.A.; Fulton, R.B.
From Crowd Dynamics to Crowd Safety: A Video-Based Analysis
The study of crowd dynamics is interesting because of the various self-organization phenomena resulting from the interactions of many pedestrians, which may improve or obstruct their flow. Besides formation of lanes of uniform walking direction and oscillations at bottlenecks at moderate densities, it was recently discovered that stop-and-go waves [D. Helbing et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 168001 (2006)] and a phenomenon called "crowd turbulence" can occur at high pedestrian densities [D. Helbing et al., Phys. Rev. E 75, 046109 (2007)]. Although the behavior of pedestrian crowds under extreme conditions is decisive for the safety of crowds during the access to or egress from mass events as well as for situations of emergency evacuation, there is still a lack of empirical studies of extreme crowding. Therefore, this paper discusses how one may study high-density conditions based on suitable video data. This is illustrated at the example of pilgrim flows entering the previous Jamarat Bridge in Mina, 5 kilometers ...
Johansson, Anders; Al-Abideen, Habib Z; Al-Bosta, Salim
Handbook of methods for risk-based analysis of Technical Specification requirements
Technical Specifications (TS) requirements for nuclear power plants define the Limiting Conditions for Operation (LCOs) and Surveillance Requirements (SRs) to assure safety during operation. In general, these requirements were based on deterministic analysis and engineering judgments. Experiences with plant operation indicate that some elements of the requirements are unnecessarily restrictive, while others may not be conducive to safety. Improvements in these requirements are facilitated by the availability of plant specific Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSAs). The use of risk and reliability-based methods to improve TS requirements has gained wide interest because these methods can: quantitatively evaluate the risk impact and justify changes based on objective risk arguments. Provide a defensible basis for these requirements for regulatory applications. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) Office of Research is sponsoring research to develop systematic risk-based methods to improve various aspects of TS requirements. The handbook of methods, which is being prepared, summarizes such risk-based methods. The scope of the handbook includes reliability and risk-based methods for evaluating allowed outage times (AOTs), action statements requiring shutdown where shutdown risk may be substantial, surveillance test intervals (STIs), defenses against common-cause failures, managing plant configurations, and scheduling maintenances. For each topic, the handbook summarizes methods of analysis and data needs, outlines the insights to be gained, lists additional references, and presents examples of evaluations.
Samanta, P.K.; Vesely, W.E.
An assessment of the utility of GIS-based analysis to support the coordination of humanitarian assistance.
?? This dissertation investigated if Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based analysis can have a decisive influence upon the coordination of international humanitarian assistance. Utility was assessed� (more)
Verjee, Firoz
Mathematical Model for Efficient Water Flow Curic Vladimir
Industry, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 39, pp. 1353- 1374, 2004 [6] Jeppson R. Analysis of flow
Krejiæ, Nata�?a
Comparative analysis of energy data bases for the industrial and commercial sectors
Energy data bases for the industrial and commercial sectors were analyzed to determine how valuable this data might be for policy analysis. The approach is the same for both end-use sectors: first a descrption or overview of relevant data bases identifies the available data; the coverage and methods used to generate the data are then explained; the data are then characterized and examples are provided for the major data sets under consideration. A final step assesses the data bases under consideration and draws conclusions. There are a variety of data bases considered for each of the end-use sectors included in this report. Data bases for the industrial sector include the National Energy Accounts, process-derived data bases such as the Drexel data base and data obtained from industry trade associations. For the commercial sector, three types of data bases are analyzed: the Nonresidential Building Energy Consumption Surveys, Dodge Construction Data and the Building Owners and Manager's Association Experience Exchange Report.
Roop, J.M.; Belzer, D.B.; Bohn, A.A.
Biomonitoring of Organophosphorus Agent Exposure by Reactivation of Cholinesterase Enzyme Based on Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Flow-Injection Amperometric Detection
A portable, rapid, and sensitive assessment of sub-clinical organophosphorus (OPs) agent exposure based on reactivation of cholinesterase (ChE) from OP-inhibited ChE using rat saliva (in vitro) was developed using an electrochemical sensor coupled with a microflow-injection system. The sensor was based on a carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPE), which was integrated into a flow cell. Due to the extent of inter-individual ChE activity variability, ChE biomonitoring often requires an initial base-line determination (non-inhibited) of enzyme activity which is then directly compared with activity after OP exposure. This manuscript described an alternative strategy where reactivation of the phosphorylated enzyme was exploited to enable measurement of both inhibited and baseline ChE activity (i.e. after reactivation) in the same sample. The use of CNT makes the electrochemical detection of the products from enzymatic reactions more feasible with extremely high sensitivity and at low potentials. Paraoxon was selected as a model OP compound for in vitro inhibition studies. Some experiment parameters, (e.g. inhibition and reactivation times), have been optimized such that, 92 - 95% ChE reactivation can be achieved over a broad range of ChE inhibition (5 - 94 %) with paraoxon. The extent of enzyme inhibition using this electrochemical sensor correlates well with conventional enzyme activity measurements.
Du, Dan; Wang, Jun; Smith, Jordan N.; Timchalk, Charles; Lin, Yuehe
FPGA Based Real-time Network Traffic Analysis using Traffic Dispersion Patterns
The problem of Network Traffic Classification (NTC) has attracted significant amount of interest in the research community, offering a wide range of solutions at various levels. The core challenge is in addressing high amounts of traffic diversity found in today's networks. The problem becomes more challenging if a quick detection is required as in the case of identifying malicious network behavior or new applications like peer-to-peer traffic that have potential to quickly throttle the network bandwidth or cause significant damage. Recently, Traffic Dispersion Graphs (TDGs) have been introduced as a viable candidate for NTC. The TDGs work by forming a network wide communication graphs that embed characteristic patterns of underlying network applications. However, these patterns need to be quickly evaluated for mounting real-time response against them. This paper addresses these concerns and presents a novel solution for real-time analysis of Traffic Dispersion Metrics (TDMs) in the TDGs. We evaluate the dispersion metrics of interest and present a dedicated solution on an FPGA for their analysis. We also present analytical measures and empirically evaluate operating effectiveness of our design. The mapped design on Virtex-5 device can process 7.4 million packets/second for a TDG comprising of 10k flows at very high accuracies of over 96%.
Khan, F; Gokhale, M; Chuah, C N
Constructing a Temporal Relation Tagged Corpus of Chinese based on Dependency Structure Analysis
This paper describes an annotation guideline for a temporal relation-tagged corpus of Chinese. Our goal is construction of corpora to be used for a corpus-based analysis of temporal relations among events. Since annotating all combinations of events is inefficient, we examine the use of dependency structure to efficiently recognize temporal relations. We annotate a part of Treebank based on our guidelines. Then, we survey a small tagged data set to investigate the coverage of our method. While we find that use of dependency structure drastically reduces manual effort in constructing a tagged corpus with temporal relations, the coverage of the methods achieves about 63%.
Yuchang Cheng; Masayuki Asahara; Yuji Matsumoto
Performance-Based Technology Selection Filter description report. INEL Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration System Analysis project
A formal methodology has been developed for identifying technology gaps and assessing innovative or postulated technologies for inclusion in proposed Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration (BWID) remediation systems. Called the Performance-Based Technology Selection Filter, the methodology provides a formalized selection process where technologies and systems are rated and assessments made based on performance measures, and regulatory and technical requirements. The results are auditable, and can be validated with field data. This analysis methodology will be applied to the remedial action of transuranic contaminated waste pits and trenches buried at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL).
O`Brien, M.C.; Morrison, J.L.; Morneau, R.A.; Rudin, M.J.; Richardson, J.G.
U.S. Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis
Renewable Energy Technical Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis Anthony Lopez, Billy Roberts, Donna Heimiller, Nate Blair, and Gian Porro Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-51946 July 2012 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 U.S. Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS- Based Analysis Anthony Lopez, Billy Roberts, Donna Heimiller, Nate Blair, and Gian Porro Prepared under Task Nos. SA10.1012 and SA10.20A4 Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-51946
Fuel Analysis and Licensing Code: FALCON MOD01: Volume 1: Theoretical and Numerical Bases
FALCON Mod01 software and accompanying three-volume documentation are being released as the state-of-the-art light water reactor (LWR) fuel performance analysis and modeling code validated to high burn-up. Based on a robust finite element numerical structure, FALCON is capable of analyzing both steady state and transient fuel behavior with a seamless transition between the two modes. FALCON is the culmination of focused developmental activities since 1996 (with its origins in EPRI's two historic fuel per...
An Integrated Analysis of a NERVA Based Nuclear Thermal Propulsion System
This paper presents results and conclusions derived from an integrated analysis of a NERVA based Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) system. The NTP system is sized to generate a thrust of 70,000 N (15,000 lbf), and have a specific impulse (Isp) of 860 s. This implies a reactor that operates at 350 MWth and has a mixed mean propellant outlet temperature of 2760 K. The integrated analysis will require that self-consistent neutronic/thermal-hydraulic/stress analyses be carried out. The major code packages used in this analysis are MCNP, RELAP, and ANSYS. Results from this analysis indicate that nuclear data will have to be re-generated to cover the wide temperature range, zone loading will be necessary to avoid entering the liquidus region for the fuel, and the effectiveness of the ZrC insulator will have implications for bi-modal applications. These results suggest a path forward in the development of a viable NTP system based on a NERVA reactor should initially concentrate on fuel and structural materials and associated coating development. A series of safety related criticality determinations were carried out addressing water immersion following a launch incident.
Ludewig, Hans; Cheng, L.-Y.; Ecker, Lynne; Todosow, Michael [Energy Sciences and Technology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 (United States)
Agni: Coupling Model Analysis Tools and High-Performance Subsurface Flow and Transport Simulators for Risk and Performance Assessments
Agni is open source /community /multi platform framework for model-based analyses (SA, UQ, PE, RA, DS). Agni can be applied independently from other Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Management (ASCEM) modules. Agni will be available as Mercurial repository (hg clone https://akuna.labworks.org/hg/Platform) including source code, manual, test and verification examples.
Vesselinov, Velimir V. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pau, George [LBNL; Finsterle, Stefan [LBNL
Multiphase Flow Modeling Research
Science Science Chris Guenther, Director Computational Science Division RUA Spring Meeting, Morgantown, WV March 2013 2 NETL's Multiphase Flow Science Team * The Multiphase Flow Science Team develops physics-based simulation models to conduct applied scientific research. - Development of new theory - Extensive on-site and collaborative V&V efforts and testing - Engages in technology transfer - Applies the models to industrial scale problems. 3 Why is Multiphase Flow Science Needed? * Industry is increasingly relying on multiphase technologies to produce clean and affordable energy with carbon capture. * Unfortunately, the presence of a solid phase reduces the operating capacity of a typical energy device from its original design on average by 40% [1].
Analysis of silicon carbide based semiconductor power devices and their application in power factor correction
Recent technological advances have allowed silicon (Si) semiconductor technology to approach the theoretical limits of the Si material; however, power device requirements for many applications are at a stage that the present Si-based power devices cannot handle. The requirements include higher blocking voltages, switching frequencies, efficiency, and reliability. Material technologies superior to Si are needed for future power device developments. Silicon Carbide (SiC) based semiconductor devices offer one such alternative. SiC based power devices exhibit superior properties such as very low switching losses, fast switching behavior, improved reliability and high temperature operation capabilities. Power factor correction stage of power supplies is identified as an area where application of these devices would prove advantageous. In this thesis a high performance, high efficiency, SiC based power factor correction stage is discussed. The proposed topology takes advantage of the superior properties of SiC semiconductor based devices and the reduced number of devices that the dual boost power factor correction topology requires to achieve high efficiency, small size and better performance at high temperature. In addition to this analysis of SiC based power devices is carried out to study their characteristics and performance.
Durrani, Yamin Qaisar
Fuzzy gain scheduling technique for power flow control
An application of fuzzy logic based control for power systems governing multiple Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices is described here. Sufficiently accurate relations have been derived to determine setpoints of FACTS ... Keywords: AC transmission, FACTS devices, Switzerland, flexible alternating current transmission system, fuzzy control, fuzzy gain scheduling, fuzzy logic, power flow control, power systems, sensitivity analysis
Alexandre Oudalov; Petr Korba; Rachid Cherkaoui; Alain J. Germond
Adapting a GIS-Based Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach for Evaluating New Power Generating Sites
There is a growing need to site new power generating plants that use cleaner energy sources due to increased regulations on air and water pollution and a sociopolitical desire to develop more clean energy sources. To assist utility and energy companies as well as policy-makers in evaluating potential areas for siting new plants in the contiguous United States, a geographic information system (GIS)-based multicriteria decision analysis approach is presented in this paper. The presented approach has led to the development of the Oak Ridge Siting Analysis for power Generation Expansion (OR-SAGE) tool. The tool takes inputs such as population growth, water availability, environmental indicators, and tectonic and geological hazards to provide an in-depth analysis for siting options. To the utility and energy companies, the tool can quickly and effectively provide feedback on land suitability based on technology specific inputs. However, the tool does not replace the required detailed evaluation of candidate sites. To the policy-makers, the tool provides the ability to analyze the impacts of future energy technology while balancing competing resource use.
Omitaomu, Olufemi A [ORNL; Blevins, Brandon R [ORNL; Jochem, Warren C [ORNL; Mays, Gary T [ORNL; Belles, Randy [ORNL; Hadley, Stanton W [ORNL; Harrison, Thomas J [ORNL; Bhaduri, Budhendra L [ORNL; Neish, Bradley S [ORNL; Rose, Amy N [ORNL
A validation process for multi-phase reacting flow CFD code
Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code calculates flow properties for the analysis of a flow system. Flow properties are computed based on conservation principles and various phenomenological models. The accuracy of the computed flow properties highly depends on the validity of the models and the degree of numerical convergence. Validation of a CFD code is essential for application of an engineering system. Multiphase reacting flows are common in industrial applications and few CFD code are available. A CFD code was developed for the simulation of multiphase reacting flows. A validation process was also developed for such a CFD code. The validation was performed for several cases. Examples of industrial devices which are multiphase reacting flow systems include catalytic cracking reactors, glass melting furnaces, coal-fired combustors, and diesel engines.
Chang, S. L.; Zhou, C. Q.; Petrick, M.
Ninja data analysis with a detection pipeline based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform
The Ninja data analysis challenge allowed the study of the sensitivity of data analysis pipelines to binary black hole numerical relativity waveforms in simulated Gaussian noise at the design level of the LIGO observatory and the VIRGO observatory. We analyzed NINJA data with a pipeline based on the Hilbert Huang Transform, utilizing a detection stage and a characterization stage: detection is performed by triggering on excess instantaneous power, characterization is performed by displaying the kernel density enhanced (KD) time-frequency trace of the signal. Using the simulated data based on the two LIGO detectors, we were able to detect 77 signals out of 126 above SNR 5 in coincidence, with 43 missed events characterized by signal to noise ratio SNR less than 10. Characterization of the detected signals revealed the merger part of the waveform in high time and frequency resolution, free from time-frequency uncertainty. We estimated the timelag of the signals between the detectors based on the optimal overlap of the individual KD time-frequency maps, yielding estimates accurate within a fraction of a millisecond for half of the events. A coherent addition of the data sets according to the estimated timelag eventually was used in a characterization of the event.
Alexander Stroeer; Jordan Camp
Application of direct-fitting, mass-integral, and multi-ratemethods to analysis of flowing fluid electric conductivity logs fromHoronobe, Japan
The flowing fluid electric conductivity (FFEC) loggingmethod is an efficient way to provide information on the depths,salinities, and transmissivities of individual conductive featuresintercepted by a borehole, without the use of specialized probes. Usingit in a multiple-flow-rate mode allows, in addition, an estimate of theinherent "far-field" pressure heads in each of the conductive features.The multi-rate method was successfully applied to a 500-m borehole in agranitic formation and reported recently. The present paper presents theapplication of the method to two zones within a 1000-m borehole insedimentary rock, which produced, for each zone, three sets of logs atdifferent pumping rates, each set measured over a period of about oneday. The data sets involve a number of complications, such as variablewell diameter, free water table decline in the well, and effects ofdrilling mud. To analyze data from this borehole, we apply varioustechniques that have been developed for analyzing FFEC logs:direct-fitting, mass-integral, and the multi-rate method mentioned above.In spite of complications associated with the tests, analysis of the datais able to identify 44 hydraulically conducting fractures distributedover the depth interval 150-775 meters below ground surface. Thesalinities (in FEC), and transmissivities and pressure heads (indimensionless form) of these 44 features are obtained and found to varysignificantly among one another. These results are compared with datafrom eight packer tests with packer intervals of 10-80 m, which wereconducted in this borehole over the same depth interval. They are foundto be consistent with these independent packer-test data, thusdemonstrating the robustness of the FFEC logging method under non-idealconditions.
Doughty, C.; Tsang, C.-F.; Hatanaka, K.; Yabuuchi, S.; Kurikami, H.
Fuel Cycle Analysis Framework Base Cases for the IAEA/INPRO GAINS Collaborative Project
Thirteen countries participated in the Collaborative Project GAINS �Global Architecture of Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems Based on Thermal and Fast Reactors Including a Closed Fuel Cycle�, which was the primary activity within the IAEA/INPRO Program Area B: �Global Vision on Sustainable Nuclear Energy� for the last three years. The overall objective of GAINS was to develop a standard framework for assessing future nuclear energy systems taking into account sustainable development, and to validate results through sample analyses. This paper details the eight scenarios that constitute the GAINS framework base cases for analysis of the transition to future innovative nuclear energy systems. The framework base cases provide a reference for users of the framework to start from in developing and assessing their own alternate systems. Each base case is described along with performance results against the GAINS sustainability evaluation metrics. The eight cases include four using a moderate growth projection and four using a high growth projection for global nuclear electricity generation through 2100. The cases are divided into two sets, addressing homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios developed by GAINS to model global fuel cycle strategies. The heterogeneous world scenario considers three separate nuclear groups based on their fuel cycle strategies, with non-synergistic and synergistic cases. The framework base case analyses results show the impact of these different fuel cycle strategies while providing references for future users of the GAINS framework. A large number of scenario alterations are possible and can be used to assess different strategies, different technologies, and different assumptions about possible futures of nuclear power. Results can be compared to the framework base cases to assess where these alternate cases perform differently versus the sustainability indicators.
Brent Dixon
Genetic Algorithms for Agent-Based Infrastructure Interdependency Modeling and Analysis
Today�s society relies greatly upon an array of complex national and international infrastructure networks such as transportation, electric power, telecommunication, and financial networks. This paper describes initial research combining agent-based infrastructure modeling software and genetic algorithms (GAs) to help optimize infrastructure protection and restoration decisions. This research proposes to apply GAs to the problem of infrastructure modeling and analysis in order to determine the optimum assets to restore or protect from attack or other disaster. This research is just commencing and therefore the focus of this paper is the integration of a GA optimization method with a simulation through the simulation�s agents.
May Permann
Automatic Table Ground Truth Generation and a Background-Analysis-Based Table Structure Extraction
In this paper, we first describe an automatic table ground truth generation system which can efficiently generate a large amount of accurate table ground truth suitable for the development of table detection algorithms. Then a novel background-analysis-based, coarse-to-fine table identification algorithm and an X-Y cut table decomposition algorithm are described. We discuss an experimental protocol to evaluate the table detection algorithms. For a total of having vin table entities and a total cell entities, our table detection algorithm takes line, word segmentation results as input and obtains around cell correct detection rates.
Yalin Wang; Ihsin T. Phillips; Robert Haralick
Development of a New Multilevel Converter-Based Intelligent Universal Transformer: Design Analysis
This report provides a comprehensive design analysis of a high-voltage multilevel converter-based intelligent universal transformer (IUT). The proposed IUT design includes back-to-back, interconnected, multi-level converters coupled to a switched inverter circuit via a high-frequency transformer. The input of the universal transformer can be coupled to a high-voltage distribution system such as 4.16-kV with the use of existing high-voltage silicon insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices, and the...
Transient growth mechanisms of low Reynolds number flow over a low-pressure turbine blade
A direct transient growth analysis for three-dimensional perturbations to flow past a periodic array of T-106/300 low-pressure turbine fan blades is presented. The methodology is based on a singular value decomposition of the flow evolution operator, linearised about a steady or periodic base flow. This analysis yields the optimal growth modes. Previous work on global mode stability analysis of this flow geometry showed the flow is asymptotically stable, indicating a non-modal explanation of transition may be more appropriate. The present work extends previous investigations into the transient growth around a steady base flow, to higher Reynolds numbers and periodic base flows. It is found that the notable transient growth of the optimal modes suggests a plausible route to transition in comparison to modal growth for this configuration. The spatial extent and localisation of the optimal modes is examined and possible physical triggering mechanisms are discussed. It is found that for longer times and longer sp...
Sharma, AS; Sherwin, SJ; Theofilis, V; 10.1007/s00162-010-0183-9
Deep-Flow Variability at Drake Passage
A rotary empirical orthogonal function analysis of the currents measured in central Drake Passage during DRAKE 79 shows that the deep (2500 m) flow has the same spatial and temporal structure as the flow at 500 m, suggesting that current ...
John M. Klinck; Eileen E. Hofmann
Regional Drainage Flows in the Pacific Northwest
An analysis of regional drainage flows in the Pacific Northwest is presented using results from a network of surface observations and a series of simulations carried out with a nested mesoscale model. The flows, which occur regularly in ...
J. C. Doran; S. Zhong
SCANS (Shipping Cask ANalysis System) a microcomputer-based analysis system for shipping cask design review: User`s manual to Version 3a. Volume 1, Revision 2
SCANS (Shipping Cask ANalysis System) is a microcomputer-based system of computer programs and databases developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for evaluating safety analysis reports on spent fuel shipping casks. SCANS is an easy-to-use system that calculates the global response to impact loads, pressure loads and thermal conditions, providing reviewers with an independent check on analyses submitted by licensees. SCANS is based on microcomputers compatible with the IBM-PC family of computers. The system is composed of a series of menus, input programs, cask analysis programs, and output display programs. All data is entered through fill-in-the-blank input screens that contain descriptive data requests. Analysis options are based on regulatory cases described in the Code of Federal Regulations 10 CFR 71 and Regulatory Guides published by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 1977 and 1978.
Mok, G.C.; Thomas, G.R.; Gerhard, M.A.; Trummer, D.J.; Johnson, G.L. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
UZ Flow Models and Submodels
The purpose of this report is to document the unsaturated zone (UZ) flow models and submodels, as well as the flow fields that have been generated using the UZ flow model(s) of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. In this report, the term ''UZ model'' refers to the UZ flow model and the several submodels, which include tracer transport, temperature or ambient geothermal, pneumatic or gas flow, and geochemistry (chloride, calcite, and strontium) submodels. The term UZ flow model refers to the three-dimensional models used for calibration and simulation of UZ flow fields. This work was planned in the ''Technical Work Plan (TWP) for: Unsaturated Zone Flow Analysis and Model Report Integration'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169654], Section 1.2.7). The table of included Features, Events, and Processes (FEPs), Table 6.2-11, is different from the list of included FEPs assigned to this report in the ''Technical Work Plan for: Unsaturated Zone Flow Analysis and Model Report Integration'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 169654], Table 2.1.5-1), as discussed in Section 6.2.6. The UZ model has revised, updated, and enhanced the previous UZ model (BSC 2001 [DIRS 158726]) by incorporating the repository design with new grids, recalibration of property sets, and more comprehensive validation effort. The flow fields describe fracture-fracture, matrix-matrix, and fracture-matrix liquid flow rates, and their spatial distributions as well as moisture conditions in the UZ system. These three-dimensional UZ flow fields are used directly by Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA). The model and submodels evaluate important hydrogeologic processes in the UZ as well as geochemistry and geothermal conditions. These provide the necessary framework to test hypotheses of flow and transport at different scales, and predict flow and transport behavior under a variety of climatic conditions. In addition, the limitations of the UZ model are discussed in Section 8.11.
Y. Wu
Flow-induced vibration in LMFBR steam generators: a state-of-the-art review
This state-of-the-art review identifies and discusses existing methods of flow-induced vibration analysis applicable to steam generators, their limitations, and base-technology needs. Also included are discussions of five different LMFBR steam-generator configurations and important design considerations, failure experiences, possible flow-induced excitation mechanisms, vibration testing, and available methods of vibration analysis. The objectives are to aid LMFBR steam-generator designers in making the best possible evaluation of potential vibration in steam-generator internals, and to provide the basis for development of design guidelines to avoid detrimental flow-induced vibration. (auth)
Shin, Y.S.; Wambsganss, M.W.
Observing Strategy and Observation Targeting for Tropical Cyclones Using Ensemble-Based Sensitivity Analysis and Data Assimilation
An ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system for the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is used with ensemble-based sensitivity analysis to explore observing strategies and observation targeting for tropical cyclones. The case selected ...
Baoguo Xie; Fuqing Zhang; Qinghong Zhang; Jonathan Poterjoy; Yonghui Weng
The Development of a Prototype Coupled Analysis and Nowcasting Knowledge-based System for Complex-Terrain Interaction Studies
An experimental weather classification, analysis, and nowcasting system, based upon a combination of artificial intelligence techniques and conventional numerical modeling, and designed for use as a real-time range/field forecasting aid, is ...
Montie M. Orgill; John D. Kincheloe; Robert A. Sutherland
Over-allocation or abatement? : a preliminary analysis of the EU ETS based on the 2005 emission data
This paper provides an initial analysis of the EU ETS based on the installation-level data for verified emissions and allowance allocations in the first trading year. Those data, released on May 15, 2006, and subsequent ...
Ellerman, A. Denny
Over-Allocation or Abatement? A Preliminary Analysis of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme Based on the 2005 Emissions Data
This paper provides an initial analysis of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) based on the installation-level data for verified emissions and allowance allocations in the first trading year. Those data, ...
Ellerman, A. Denny.
Analysis of molecular expression patterns and integration with other knowledge bases using probabilistic Bayesian network models
How can molecular expression experiments be interpreted with greater than ten to the fourth measurements per chip? How can one get the most quantitative information possible from the experimental data with good confidence? These are important questions whose solutions require an interdisciplinary combination of molecular and cellular biology, computer science, statistics, and complex systems analysis. The explosion of data from microarray techniques present the problem of interpreting the experiments. The availability of large-scale knowledge bases provide the opportunity to maximize the information extracted from these experiments. We have developed new methods of discovering biological function, metabolic pathways, and regulatory networks from these data and knowledge bases. These techniques are applicable to analyses for biomedical engineering, clinical, and fundamental cell and molecular biology studies. Our approach uses probabilistic, computational methods that give quantitative interpretations of data in a biological context. We have selected Bayesian statistical models with graphical network representations as a framework for our methods. As a first step, we use a nave Bayesian classifier to identify statistically significant patterns in gene expression data. We have developed methods which allow us to (a) characterize which genes or experiments distinguish each class from the others, (b) cross-index the resulting classes with other databases to assess biological meaning of the classes, and (c) display a gross overview of cellular dynamics. We have developed a number of visualization tools to convey the results. We report here our methods of classification and our first attempts at integrating the data and other knowledge bases together with new visualization tools. We demonstrate the utility of these methods and tools by analysis of a series of yeast cDNA microarray data and to a set of cancerous/normal sample data from colon cancer patients. We discuss extending our methods to inferring biological pathways and networks using more complex dynamic Bayesian networks.
Moler, Edward J.; Mian, I.S.
Transitions between Baroclinic Flow Regimes
we use truncated spectral Eady models with two Ekman layers of different strength to investigate the baroclinic flow transitions observed in annulus experiments. Our analysis is both analytical and numerical As the dissipation parameter is varied ...
H-Y. Weng; A. Barcilon; J. Magnan
Distributed Energy Resources at Naval Base Ventura County Building1512: A Sensitivity Analysis
This report is the second of a two-part study by BerkeleyLab of a DER (distributed energy resources) system at Navy Base VenturaCounty (NBVC). First, a preliminary assessment ofthe cost effectivenessof distributed energy resources at Naval Base Ventura County (NBVC)Building 1512 was conducted in response to the base s request for designassistance to the Federal Energy Management Program (Bailey and Marnay,2004). That report contains a detailed description of the site and theDER-CAM (Consumer Adoption Model) parameters used. This second reportcontains sensitivity analyses of key parameters in the DER system modelof Building 1512 at NBVC and additionally considers the potential forabsorption-powered refrigeration.The prior analysis found that under thecurrent tariffs, and given assumptions about the performance andstructure of building energy loads and available generating technologycharacteristics, installing a 600 kW DER system with absorption coolingand recovery heat capabilities could deliver cost savings of about 14percent, worth $55,000 per year. However, under current conditions, thisstudy also suggested that significant savings could be obtained ifBuilding 1512 changed from its current direct access contract to a SCETOU-8 (Southern California Edison time of use tariff number 8) ratewithout installing a DER system. Evaluated on this tariff, the potentialsavings from installation of a DER system would be about 4 percent of thetotal bill, or $16,000 per year.
BS>This invention is a fast gating system for eiectronic flipflop circuits. Diodes connect the output of one circuit to the input of another, and the voltage supply for the receiving flip-flop has two alternate levels. When the supply is at its upper level, no current can flow through the diodes, but when the supply is at its lower level, current can flow to set the receiving flip- flop to the same state as that of the circuit to which it is connected. (AEC)
Poppelbaum, W.J.
Comparative analysis of energy data bases for household residential and transportation energy use
Survey data bases covering household residential and transportation energy use were reviewed from the perspective of energy policy analysts and data base users. Twenty-three surveys, taken from 1972 to 1985, collected information on household energy consumption and expenditures, energy-using capital stock, and conservation activities. Ten of the surveys covered residential energy use only, including that for space heating and cooling, cooking, water heating, and appliances. Six surveys covered energy use only for household travel in personal vehicles. Seven surveys included data on both of these household energy sectors. Complete energy use data for a household in one year can be estimated only for 1983, using two surveys (one residential and one transportation) taken in the same households. The last nine surveys of the 23 were recent (1983--1985). Review of those nine was based on published materials only. The large-scale surveys generally had less-comprehensive data, while the comprehensive surveys were based on small samples. The surveys were timely and useful for analyzing four types of energy policies: economic regulation, environmental regulation, federal energy production, and direct regulation of energy consumption or production. Future surveys of energy use, such as those of residential energy consumption, should try to link their energy-use questions to large surveys, such as the American Housing Survey, to allow more accurate analysis of comparative impacts of energy policies among population categories of interest (e.g., minority/majority, metropolitan/nonmetropolitan area, census regions, and income class). 78 refs., 9 figs., 29 tabs.
Teotia, A.; Klein, Y.; LaBelle, S.