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EMSL: Science: Terrestrial & Subsurface Ecosystems
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Terrestrial & Subsurface Ecosystems Terrestrial & Subsurface Ecosystems Terrestrial and Subsurface Ecosystems logo Visualization of CFD-simulated fluid velocities within a single pore space between randomly packed spherical grains Visualization of CFD-simulated fluid velocities within a single pore space between randomly packed spherical grains. The Terrestrial and Subsurface Ecosystems Science Theme focuses on the dynamics of nutrients, metabolites, and contaminants at biogeochemical interfaces in heterogeneous environments across multiple scales. By providing a mechanistic understanding of biogeochemical and microbial processes in soils and the subsurface, and linking those processes via pore-scale hydrological models, EMSL can improve strategies for sustainable solutions to contaminant attenuation, remediation and biogeochemical
Terrestrial Ecosystem Science | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC...
Office of Science (SC) Website
System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of...
Terrestrial ecosystems and climatic change
SciTech Connect
The structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems depend on climate, and in turn, ecosystems influence atmospheric composition and climate. A comprehensive, global model of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics is needed. A hierarchical approach appears advisable given currently available concepts, data, and formalisms. The organization of models can be based on the temporal scales involved. A rapidly responding model describes the processes associated with photosynthesis, including carbon, moisture, and heat exchange with the atmosphere. An intermediate model handles subannual variations that are closely associated with allocation and seasonal changes in productivity and decomposition. A slow response model describes plant growth and succession with associated element cycling over decades and centuries. These three levels of terrestrial models are linked through common specifications of environmental conditions and constrain each other. 58 refs.
Emanuel, W.R. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Schimel, D.S. (Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (USA). Natural Resources Ecology Lab.)
Parallel Computing for Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Modeling
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Terrestrial ecosystems are a primary component of research on global environmental change. Observational and modeling research on terrestrial ecosystems at the global scale, however, has lagged behind their counterparts for oceanic and atmospheric systems, largely because the unique challenges associated with the tremendous diversity and complexity of terrestrial ecosystems. There are 8 major types of terrestrial ecosystem: tropical rain forest, savannas, deserts, temperate grassland, deciduous forest, coniferous forest, tundra, and chaparral. The carbon cycle is an important mechanism in the coupling of terrestrial ecosystems with climate through biological fluxes of CO{sub 2}. The influence of terrestrial ecosystems on atmospheric CO{sub 2} can be modeled via several means at different timescales. Important processes include plant dynamics, change in land use, as well as ecosystem biogeography. Over the past several decades, many terrestrial ecosystem models (see the 'Model developments' section) have been developed to understand the interactions between terrestrial carbon storage and CO{sub 2} concentration in the atmosphere, as well as the consequences of these interactions. Early TECMs generally adapted simple box-flow exchange models, in which photosynthetic CO{sub 2} uptake and respiratory CO{sub 2} release are simulated in an empirical manner with a small number of vegetation and soil carbon pools. Demands on kinds and amount of information required from global TECMs have grown. Recently, along with the rapid development of parallel computing, spatially explicit TECMs with detailed process based representations of carbon dynamics become attractive, because those models can readily incorporate a variety of additional ecosystem processes (such as dispersal, establishment, growth, mortality etc.) and environmental factors (such as landscape position, pest populations, disturbances, resource manipulations, etc.), and provide information to frame policy options for climate change impact analysis.
Wang, Dali [ORNL; Post, Wilfred M [ORNL; Ricciuto, Daniel M [ORNL; Berry, Michael [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
Graduate studies Ecosystem Science
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Graduate studies in Ecosystem Science and Management Ph.D. M.S. M.Agr. or Natural Resources Development MNRD Department of Ecosystem Science and Management College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. The thesisbased Master of Science and Ph.D. degrees are designed for research or academic careers
Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Status Report on R&D Progress
Terrestrial Ecosystems: Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Status Report on R&D Progress Gary K. Jacobs (email@example.com, 865-576-0567) Oak Ridge National Laboratory PO Box 2008, MS-6035 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Roger C. Dahlman (firstname.lastname@example.com, 301-903-4951) Office of Science/Biological and Environmental Research U. S. Department of Energy 19901 Germantown Road Germantown, MD 20874-1290 F. Blaine Metting, Jr. (email@example.com, 509-375-2607) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. PO Box 999, P7-54 Richland, WA 99352 Introduction Sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is a low-cost option that may be available in the near-term to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, while providing additional benefits. Storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems can be achieved through maintenance of
Using Ant Communities For Rapid Assessment Of Terrestrial Ecosystem Health
Measurement of ecosystem health is a very important but often difficult and sometimes fractious topic for applied ecologists. It is important because it can provide information about effects of various external influences like chemical, nuclear, and physical disturbance, and invasive species. Ecosystem health is also a measure of the rate or trajectory of degradation or recovery of systems that are currently suffering impact or those where restoration or remediation have taken place. Further, ecosystem health is the single best indicator of the quality of long term environmental stewardship because it not only provides a baseline condition, but also the means for future comparison and evaluation. Ecosystem health is difficult to measure because there are a nearly infinite number of variables and uncertainty as to which suites of variables are truly indicative of ecosystem condition. It would be impossible and prohibitively expensive to measure all those variables, or even all the ones that were certain to be valid indicators. Measurement of ecosystem health can also be a fractious topic for applied ecologists because there are a myriad of opinions as to which variables are the most important, most easily measured, most robust, and so forth. What is required is an integrative means of evaluating ecosystem health. All ecosystems are dynamic and undergo change either stochastically, intrinsically, or in response to external influences. The basic assumption about change induced by exogenous antropogenic influences is that it is directional and measurable. Historically measurements of surrogate parameters have been used in an attempt to quantify these changes, for example extensive water chemistry data in aquatic systems. This was the case until the 1980's when the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) (Karr et al. 1986), was developed. This system collects an array of metrics and fish community data within a stream ecosystem and develops a score or rating for the relative health of the ecosystem. The IBI, though originally for Midwestern streams, has been successfully adapted to other ecoregions and taxa (macroinvertebrates, Lombard and Goldstein, 2004) and has become an important tool for scientists and regulatory agencies alike in determining health of stream ecosystems. The IBI is a specific type of a larger group of methods and procedures referred to as Rapid Bioassessment (RBA). These protocols have the advantage of directly measuring the organisms affected by system perturbations, thus providing an integrated evaluation of system health because the organisms themselves integrate all aspects of their environment and its condition. In addition to the IBI, the RBA concept has also been applied to seep wetlands (Paller et al. 2005) and terrestrial systems (O'Connell et al. 1998, Kremen et al. 1993, Rodriguez et al. 1998, Rosenberg et al. 1986). Terrestrial RBA methods have lagged somewhat behind those for aquatic systems because terrestrial systems are less distinctly defined and seem to have a less universal distribution of an all-inclusive taxon, such as fish in the IBI, upon which to base an RBA. In the last decade, primarily in Australia, extensive development of an RBA using ant communities has shown great promise. Ants have the same advantage for terrestrial RBAs that fish do for aquatic systems in that they are an essential and ubiquitous component of virtually all terrestrial ecosystems. They occupy a broad range of niches, functional groups, and trophic levels and they possess one very important characteristic that makes them ideal for RBA because, similar to the fishes, there is a wide range of tolerance to conditions within the larger taxa. Within ant communities there are certain groups, genera, or species that may be very robust and abundant under even the harshest impacts. There are also taxa that are very sensitive to disturbance and change and their presence or absence is also indicative of the local conditions. Also, as with the aquatic RBAs using macroinvertebrates, ants have a wide variety of functional foragi
Wike, L
Genetic and Molecular Controls on Carbon Sequestration - Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystems
and Molecular Controls on Carbon Sequestration - Implications and Molecular Controls on Carbon Sequestration - Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystems G.A. Tuskan (firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-576-8141) S.D. Wullschleger (firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-574-7839) A.W. King (email@example.com; 865-576-3436) T.J. Tschaplinski (firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-574-4597) L.E. Gunter (email@example.com; 865-574-4020) A.M. Silletti (firstname.lastname@example.com; 865-574-5397) Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422 M. Davis (email@example.com; 303-384-6140) National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO 80401-3322 Introduction Carbon sequestration in terrestrial vegetation and soils is a poorly understood process, but ultimately represents a summation of biological activities including the initial incorporation of
Improving radiological assessment of doses to man from terrestrial ecosystems
The NKS B-programme EcoDoses project started in 2003 as a collaboration between all the Nordic countries. The aim of the project is to improve the radiological assessments of doses to man from terrestrial ecosystems. The first part, conducted in 2003, has focussed on an extensive collation and review of both published and unpublished data from all the Nordic countries for the nuclear weapons fallout period and the post-Chernobyl period. This included data on radionuclides in air filters, precipitation, soil samples, milk and reindeer. Based on this, an improved model for estimating radioactive fallout based on precipitation data during the nuclear weapons fallout period has been developed. Effective ecological half- lives for 137Cs and 90Sr in milk have been calculated for the nuclear weapons fallout period. For reindeer the ecological half- lives for 137Cs have been calculated for both the nuclear weapons fallout period and the post-Chernobyl period. The data were also used to compare modelling results with observed concentrations. This was done at a workshop where the radioecological food-and-dose module in the ARGOS decision support system was used to predict transfer of deposited radionuclides to foodstuffs and subsequent radiation doses to man. The work conducted the first year is presented in this report and gives interesting, new results relevant for terrestrial radioecology. Key words Nuclear weapons fallout, deposition modelling, food chain modelling, ecological half-lives in reindeer and milk NKS-98
Pohjoismainen Ydinturvallisuustutkimus; Edited Tone; D. Bergan; Astrid Lil
Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems�a review
Abstract. The application of bio-char (charcoal or biomass-derived black carbon (C)) to soil is proposed as a novel approach to establish a significant, long-term, sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems. Apart from positive effects in both reducing emissions and increasing the sequestration of greenhouse gases, the production of bio-char and its application to soil will deliver immediate benefits through improved soil fertility and increased crop production. Conversion of biomass C to bio-char C leads to sequestration of about 50 % of the initial C compared to the low amounts retained after burning (3%) and biological decomposition (bio-char is highly dependent on the type of feedstock, but is not significantly affected by the pyrolysis temperature (within 350�500 ? C common for pyrolysis). Existing slash-andburn systems cause significant degradation of soil and release of greenhouse gases and opportunies may exist to enhance this system by conversion to slash-and-char systems. Our global analysis revealed that up to 12 % of the total anthropogenic C emissions by land use change (0.21 Pg C) can be off-set annually in soil, if slash-and-burn is replaced by slash-and-char. Agricultural and forestry wastes such as forest residues, mill residues, field crop residues, or urban wastes add a conservatively estimated
Johannes Lehmann; John Gaunt; Marco Rondon
Terrestrial Carbon Sinks for the United States Predicted from MODIS Satellite Data and Ecosystem Modeling
A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States ...
Christopher Potter; Steven Klooster; Alfredo Huete; Vanessa Genovese
Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U S terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations
More accurate projections of future carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and associated climate change depend on improved scientific understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Despite the consensus that U.S. terrestrial ecosystems provide a carbon sink, the size, distribution, and interannual variability of this sink remain uncertain. Here we report a terrestrial carbon sink in the conterminous U.S. at 0.63 pg C yr 1 with the majority of the sink in regions dominated by evergreen and deciduous forests and savannas. This estimate is based on our continuous estimates of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) with high spatial (1 km) and temporal (8-day) resolutions derived from NEE measurements from eddy covariance flux towers and wall-to-wall satellite observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We find that the U.S. terrestrial ecosystems could offset a maximum of 40% of the fossil-fuel carbon emissions. Our results show that the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink varied between 0.51 and 0.70 pg C yr 1 over the period 2001 2006. The dominant sources of interannual variation of the carbon sink included extreme climate events and disturbances. Droughts in 2002 and 2006 reduced the U.S. carbon sink by 20% relative to a normal year. Disturbances including wildfires and hurricanes reduced carbon uptake or resulted in carbon release at regional scales. Our results provide an alternative, independent, and novel constraint to the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink.
Zhuang, Qianlai [Purdue University; Law, Beverly E. [Oregon State University; Baldocchi, Dennis [University of California, Berkeley; Ma, Siyan [University of California, Berkeley; Chen, Jiquan [University of Toledo, Toledo, OH; Richardson, Andrew [Harvard University; Melillo, Jerry [Marine Biological Laboratory; Davis, Ken J. [Pennsylvania State University; Hollinger, D. [USDA Forest Service; Wharton, Sonia [University of California, Davis; Falk, Matthias [University of California, Davis; Paw, U. Kyaw Tha [University of California, Davis; Oren, Ram [Duke University; Katulk, Gabriel G. [Duke University; Noormets, Asko [North Carolina State University; Fischer, Marc [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Verma, Shashi [University of Nebraska; Suyker, A. E. [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Cook, David R. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Sun, G. [USDA Forest Service; McNulty, Steven G. [USDA Forest Service; Wofsy, Steve [Harvard University; Bolstad, Paul V [University of Minnesota; Burns, Sean [University of Colorado, Boulder; Monson, Russell K. [University of Colorado, Boulder; Curtis, Peter [Ohio State University, The, Columbus; Drake, Bert G. [Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD; Foster, David R. [Harvard University; Gu, Lianhong [ORNL; Hadley, Julian L. [Harvard University; Litvak, Marcy [University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Martin, Timothy A. [University of Florida, Gainesville; Matamala, Roser [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Meyers, Tilden [NOAA, Oak Ridge, TN; Oechel, Walter C. [San Diego State University; Schmid, H. P. [Indiana University; Scott, Russell L. [USDA ARS; Torn, Margaret S. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
DOE/SC-ARM-13-011 Green Ocean Amazon Terrestrial Ecosystem Collaborati...
Ecosystem Collaborative Project Science Plan J Chambers May 2013 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the U.S. Government. Neither the...
Deep Atomic Binding (DAB) Approach in Interpretation of Fission Products Behavior in Terrestrial and Water Ecosystems
A large number of studies and models were established to explain the fission products (FP) behavior within terrestrial and water ecosystems, but a number of behaviors were non understandable, which always attributed to unknown reasons. According to DAB hypothesis, almost all fission products behaviors in terrestrial and water ecosystems could be interpreted in a wide coincidence. The gab between former models predictions, and field behavior of fission products after accidents like Chernobyl have been explained. DAB represents a tool to reduce radio-phobia as well as radiation protection expenses. (author)
Ajlouni, Abdul-Wali M.S. [Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Amman 11814 (Jordan)
Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Status Report on R and D Progress
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is a low-cost option that may be available in the near-term to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations, while providing additional benefits. Storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems can be achieved through maintenance of standing aboveground biomass, utilization of aboveground biomass in long-lived products, or protection of carbon (organic and inorganic) compounds present in soils. There are potential co-benefits from efforts to sequester carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. For example, long-lived valuable products (wood) are produced, erosion would be reduced, soil productivity could be improved through increased capacity to retain water and nutrients, and marginal lands could be improved and riparian ecosystems restored. Another unique feature of the terrestrial sequestration option is that it is the only option that is ''reversible'' should it become desirable or permissible. For example, forests that are created are thus investments which could be harvested should CO{sub 2} emissions be reduced in other ways to acceptable levels 50-100 years from now.
Jacobs, G.K.
Impacts of Environmental Nanoparticles on Chemical, Biological and Hydrological Processes in Terrestrial Ecosystems
This chapter provides insights on nanoparticle (NP) influence or control on the extent and timescales of single or coupled physical, chemical, biological and hydrological reactions and processes that occur in terrestrial ecosystems. Examples taken from the literature that show how terrestrial NPs may determine the fate of the aqueous and sorbed (adsorbed or precipitated) chemical species of nutrients and contaminants, are also included in this chapter. Specifically, in the first section, chapter objectives, term definitions and discussions on size-dependent properties, the origin and occurrence of NP in terrestrial ecosystems and NP toxicity, are included. In the second section, the topic of the binary interactions of NPs of different sizes, shapes, concentrations and ages with the soil solution chemical species is covered, focusing on NP formation, stability, aggregation, ability to serve as sorbents, or surface-mediated precipitation catalysts, or electron donors and acceptors. In the third section, aspects of the interactions in the ternary systems composed of environmental NP, nutrient/contaminant chemical species, and the soil/sediment matrix are discussed, focusing on the inhibitory and catalytic effects of environmental NP on nutrient/contaminant advective mobility and mass transfer, adsorption and desorption, dissolution and precipitation and redox reactions that occur in terrestrial ecosystems. These three review sections are followed by a short summary of future research needs and directions, the acknowledgements, the list of the references, and the figures.
Qafoku, Nikolla
Net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems in China and its equilibrium response to changes in climate and atmospheric CO? concentration
The Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM, version 4.0) was used to estimate net primary production (NPP) in China for contemporary climate and NPP responses to elevated CO? and climate changes projected by three atmospheric ...
Xiao, Xiangming.; Melillo, Jerry M.; Kicklighter, David W.; Pan, Yude.; McGuire, A. David.; Helfrich III, J.V.K.
Enhancing terrestrial ecosystem sciences by integrating empirical-modeling approaches
Field and laboratory experiments and observations, along with models, are foundational approaches to scientific inquiry. Integration of these approaches, however, can be an exceedingly difficult challenge because empiricists and modelers often work in communities separated by cultural differences and communication barriers, reflecting a largely independent evolution of these disciplines. To address this challenge, more than 40 participants gathered for a 3-day workshop to discuss how models can best inform empirical experiments, how data can most effectively inform models, and what strategies can be employed to integrate these two approaches. The workshop was convened with the understanding that such a priori exchange between the empirical and modeling communities can maximize intellectual investments and result in high-quality predictive models and more scientific discovery.
Lee, Hanna [National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); Wullschleger, Stan D [ORNL; Luo, Yiqi [University of Oklahoma
DOE Terrestrial Ecosystem and Carbon Cycle Science Team Meeting
1:45 PM Comments about Replication and Statistical Uncertainty - Steve Long 2:00 PM Crop Responses to Elevated CO2 - Bruce Kimball 2:20 PM The FACE Network - Bob NowakStan...
Announcements Science Policy Geology Technology Terrestrial/Ocean
what'S inSide? what'S inSide? Sequestration in the News Announcements Science Policy Geology Technology Terrestrial/Ocean Trading Recent Publications Events Subscription Information hiGhliGhtS Fossil Energy Techline, "Climate Technology: DOE Readies First Big U.S. Projects in CO 2 Capture and Storage. The US Department of Energy (DOE) is currently reviewing Phase III proposals for large-scale geologic sequestration projects in support of the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program. The program, which was formed in 2003 to research the best approaches to capture and permanently store the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), will enter its next phase in October with announcements of Phase III deployment projects. The new stage of the Regional Partnerships' work will follow as a logical extension of work
Organochlorine Turnover in Forest Ecosystems: The Missing Link in the Terrestrial Chlorine Cycle
Research in the last 20 years has shown that chlorine undergoes transformations between inorganic and organic forms as part of a complex biogeochemical cycle in terrestrial systems. Natural organochlorine production appears to be associated with the decomposition of plant material on the soil surface, though the chlorine cycle budget implies that a proportion of natural organochlorine enters soil through plant litter and atmospheric deposition as well. Organochlorine compounds may form through biotic and abiotic pathways, but the rates and magnitude of production in the field remain undefined. We have performed a time-dependent trace of chlorine concentration through forest ecosystems, revealing distinct fractions of naturally produced organochlorine in plant biomass. Aliphatic organochlorine constitutes an intrinsic component of healthy leaves that persists through senescence and humification of the plant material, making a substantial contribution to the pool of soil organochlorine. Plant leaves also contain soluble aromatic organochlorine compounds that leach from leaf litter during early decay stages. As decay progresses, high concentrations of insoluble aromatic organochlorine accrue in the humus, through de novo production as well as adsorption. The rates of aromatic organochlorine production and degradation vary seasonally and conversely. This study presents the first unambiguous evidence that there exist multiple pools of chlorinated organic matter in the soil environment and that leaf litter deposition makes a significant and refractory contribution to the soil organochlorine pool, providing key insights into the biogeochemical chlorine cycle.
A Leri; S Myneni
Methane Fluxes Between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere at Northern High Latitudes During the Past Century: A retrospective analysis with a process-based biogeochemistry model
We develop and use a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to study how rates of methane (CH4) emissions and consumption in high-latitude soils of the Northern Hemisphere have changed over the past century ...
Zhuang, Qianlai.
Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration - Science for Enhancement and Implementation
It is time to re-evaluate all available options that might not be permanent yet have the potential to buy time, bridging to a future when new energy system technologies and a transformed energy infrastructure can fully address the climate challenge. Terrestrial sequestration is one option large enough to make a contribution in the coming decades using proven land management methods and with the possibility that new technologies could significantly enhance the opportunity. Here we review progress on key scientific, economic, and social issues; postulate the extent to which new technologies might significantly enhance terrestrial sequestration potential; and address remaining research needs.
Post, Wilfred M [ORNL; Amonette, James [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Birdsey, Richard A. [U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Garten Jr, Charles T [ORNL; Graham, Robin Lambert [ORNL; Izaurralde, Dr. R. Cesar [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Jardine, Philip M [ORNL; Jastrow, Julie D [ORNL; Lal, Dr. Rattan [Ohio State University; Marland, Gregg [ORNL; McCarl, Bruce [Texas A& M University; Thomson, Dr. Allison [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); West, Tristram O. [ORNL; Wullschleger, Stan D [ORNL; Metting, F. Blaine [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
Parameterization and Sensitivity Analysis of the BIOME�BGC Terrestrial Ecosystem Model: Net Primary Production Controls
Ecosystem simulation models use descriptive input parameters to establish the physiology, biochemistry, structure, and allocation patterns of vegetation functional types, or biomes. For single-stand simulations it is possible to measure required ...
Michael A. White; Peter E. Thornton; Steven W. Running; Ramakrishna R. Nemani
Parameterization and sensitivity analysis of the BIOME-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model: Net primary production controls
ABSTRACT: Ecosystem simulation models use descriptive input parameters to establish the physiology, biochemistry, structure, and allocation patterns of vegetation functional types, or biomes. For single-stand simulations it is possible to measure required data, but as spatial resolution increases, so too does data unavailability. Generalized biome parameterizations are then required. Undocumented parameter selection and unknown model sensitivity to parameter variation for larger-resolution simulations are currently the major limitations to global and regional modeling. The authors present documented input parameters for a process-based ecosystem simulation model, BIOME� BGC, for major natural temperate biomes. Parameter groups include the following: turnover and mortality; allocation; carbon to nitrogen ratios (C:N); the percent of plant material in labile, cellulose, and lignin pools; leaf morphology; leaf conductance rates and limitations; canopy water interception and light extinction; and the percent of leaf nitrogen in Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate-1,5-carboxylase/oxygenase) (PLNR). Using climatic and site de-
Radiological bioconcentration factors for aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland ecosystems at the Savannah River site
Since the early 1950s, the Savannah River Site (SRS) released over 50 radionuclides into the environment while producing nuclear defense materials. These releases directly exposed aquatic and terrestrial biota to ionizing radiation from surface water, soil, and sediment, and also indirectly by the ingestion of items in the food chain. As part of new missions to develop waste management strategies and identify cost-effective environmental restoration options, knowledge concerning the uptake and distribution of these radionuclides is essential. This report compiles and summarizes site-specific bioconcentration factors for selected radionuclides released at SRS.
Friday, G.P.; Cummins, C.L.; Schwartzman, A.L.
A hierarchical analysis of terrestrial ecosystem model Biome-BGC: Equilibrium analysis and model calibration
The increasing complexity of ecosystem models represents a major difficulty in tuning model parameters and analyzing simulated results. To address this problem, this study develops a hierarchical scheme that simplifies the Biome-BGC model into three functionally cascaded tiers and analyzes them sequentially. The first-tier model focuses on leaf-level ecophysiological processes; it simulates evapotranspiration and photosynthesis with prescribed leaf area index (LAI). The restriction on LAI is then lifted in the following two model tiers, which analyze how carbon and nitrogen is cycled at the whole-plant level (the second tier) and in all litter/soil pools (the third tier) to dynamically support the prescribed canopy. In particular, this study analyzes the steady state of these two model tiers by a set of equilibrium equations that are derived from Biome-BGC algorithms and are based on the principle of mass balance. Instead of spinning-up the model for thousands of climate years, these equations are able to estimate carbon/nitrogen stocks and fluxes of the target (steady-state) ecosystem directly from the results obtained by the first-tier model. The model hierarchy is examined with model experiments at four AmeriFlux sites. The results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively calibrate Biome-BGC to simulate observed fluxes of evapotranspiration and photosynthesis; and the carbon/nitrogen stocks estimated by the equilibrium analysis approach are highly consistent with the results of model simulations. Therefore, the scheme developed in this study may serve as a practical guide to calibrate/analyze Biome-BGC; it also provides an efficient way to solve the problem of model spin-up, especially for applications over large regions. The same methodology may help analyze other similar ecosystem models as well.
Thornton, Peter E [ORNL; Wang, Weile [ORNL; Law, Beverly E. [Oregon State University; Nemani, Ramakrishna R [NASA Ames Research Center
Radiological bioconcentration factors for aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland ecosystems at the Savannah River Site
As a result of operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS), over 50 radionuclides have been released to the atmosphere and to onsite streams and seepage basins. Now, many of these radionuclides are available to aquatic and/or terrestrial organisms for uptake and cycling through the food chain. Knowledge about the uptake and cycling of these radionuclides is now crucial in evaluating waste management and clean-up alternatives for the site. Numerous studies have been conducted at the SRS over the past forty years to study the uptake and distribution of radionuclides in the Savannah River Site environment. In many instances, bioconcentration factors have been calculated to quantify the uptake of a radionuclide by an organism from the surrounding medium (i.e., soil or water). In the past, it has been common practice to use bioconcentration factors from the literature because site-specific data were not readily available. However, because of the variability of bioconcentration factors due to experimental or environmental conditions, site-specific data should be used when available. This report compiles and summarizes site-specific bioconcentration factors for selected radionuclides released at the Savannah River Site (SRS). An extensive literature search yielded site-specific bioconcentration factors for cesium, strontium, cobalt, plutonium, americium, curium, and tritium. These eight radionuclides have been the primary radionuclides studied at SRS because of their long half lives or because they are major contributors to radiological dose from exposure. For most radionuclides, it was determined that the site-specific bioconcentration factors were higher than those reported in literature. This report also summarizes some conditions that affect radionuclide bioavailability to and bioconcentration by aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
Cummins, C.L.
Six Lessons Learned in Applying Science in Coastal Ecosystem Restoration
the Louisiana Coastal Area Science & Technology Program;guest-blog/2013/04/30/ science-communication-both-an-Keller AC. 2009. Science in environmental policy: the
Boesch, Donald F.
future science group 451ISSN 1759-726910.4155/BFS.10.18 2010 Future Science Ltd SchoolofForestResources&EnvironmentalScience,EcosystemScienceCenter,MichiganTechnologicalUniversity,1400TownsendDrive,Houghton,
future science group 451ISSN 1759-726910.4155/BFS.10.18 © 2010 Future Science Ltd 1 SchoolofForestResources&EnvironmentalScience,EcosystemScienceCenter,Michigan or the distillation of liquid fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel from grains and plant seeds with high oil content understanding of scale-dependent relationships (within and among fields; Figure 2) between diversity
Gratton, Claudio
Sensitivity of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2}: Comparisons of model simulation studies to CO{sub 2} effect
In the context of a project to compare terrestrial ecosystem models, the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), we have analyzed how three biogeochemistry models link plant growth to doubled atmospheric CO{sub 2}. A common set of input data was used to drive three biogeochemistry models, BIOME-BGC, CENTURY and TEM. For the continental United States the simulation results show that with doubled CO{sub 2}, NPP increased by 8.7%, 5.0% and 10.8% for TEM, CENTURY and BIOME-BGC, respectively. At the biome level the range of NPP estimates varied considerably among models. TEM-simulated enhancement of NPP ranged from 2% to 28%; CENTURY, from 2% to 9%; and BIOME-BGC, from 4% to 27%. A transect analysis across several biomes along a latitude at 41.5 N shows that the TEM-simulated CO{sub 2} enhancement of NPP ranged from 0% to 22%; CENTURY, from 1% to 10% and BIOME-BGC, from 1% to 63%. In this study, we have investigated the underlying mechanisms of the three models to reveal how increased CO{sub 2} affects photosynthesis rate, water using efficiency and nutrient cycles. The relative importance of these mechanisms in each of the three biogeochemistry models will be discussed.
Pan, Y. [Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole, MA (United States)
Description, calibration and sensitivity analysis of the local ecosystem submodel of a global model of carbon and nitrogen cycling and the water balance in the terrestrial biosphere
We have developed a geographically-distributed ecosystem model for the carbon, nitrogen, and water dynamics of the terrestrial biosphere TERRA. The local ecosystem model of TERRA consists of coupled, modified versions of TEM and DAYTRANS. The ecosystem model in each grid cell calculates water fluxes of evaporation, transpiration, and runoff; carbon fluxes of gross primary productivity, litterfall, and plant and soil respiration; and nitrogen fluxes of vegetation uptake, litterfall, mineralization, immobilization, and system loss. The state variables are soil water content; carbon in live vegetation; carbon in soil; nitrogen in live vegetation; organic nitrogen in soil and fitter; available inorganic nitrogen aggregating nitrites, nitrates, and ammonia; and a variable for allocation. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics are calibrated to specific sites in 17 vegetation types. Eight parameters are determined during calibration for each of the 17 vegetation types. At calibration, the annual average values of carbon in vegetation C, show site differences that derive from the vegetation-type specific parameters and intersite variation in climate and soils. From calibration, we recover the average C{sub v} of forests, woodlands, savannas, grasslands, shrublands, and tundra that were used to develop the model initially. The timing of the phases of the annual variation is driven by temperature and light in the high latitude and moist temperate zones. The dry temperate zones are driven by temperature, precipitation, and light. In the tropics, precipitation is the key variable in annual variation. The seasonal responses are even more clearly demonstrated in net primary production and show the same controlling factors.
Kercher, J.R. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)] [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Chambers, J.Q. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)] [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); [California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences
Final Report on "Rising CO2 and Long-term Carbon Storage in Terrestrial Ecosystems: An Empirical Carbon Budget Validation"
The primary goal of this report is to report the results of Grant DE-FG02-97ER62458, which began in 1997 as Grant DOE-98-59-MP-4 funded through the TECO program. However, this project has a longer history because DOE also funded this study from its inception in 1985 through 1997. The original grant was focused on plant responses to elevated CO2 in an intact ecosystem, while the latter grant was focused on belowground responses. Here we summarize the major findings across the 25 years this study has operated, and note that the experiment will continue to run through 2020 with NSF support. The major conclusions of the study to date are: (1 Elevated CO2 stimulated plant productivity in the C3 plant community by ~30% during the 25 year study. The magnitude of the increase in productivity varied interannually and was sometime absent altogether. There is some evidence of down-regulation at the ecosystem level across the 25 year record that may be due to interactions with other factors such as sea-level rise or long-term changes in N supply; (2) Elevated CO2 stimulated C4 productivity by CO2 did not displace C4 plants as predicted; (3) Increased primary production caused a general stimulation of microbial processes, but there were both increases and decreases in activity depending on the specific organisms considered. An increase in methanogenesis and methane emissions implies elevated CO2 may amplify radiative forcing in the case of wetland ecosystems; (4) Elevated CO2 stimulated soil carbon sequestration in the form of an increase in elevation. The increase in elevation is 50-100% of the increase in net ecosystem production caused by elevated CO2 (still under analysis). The increase in soil elevation suggests the elevated CO2 may have a positive outcome for the ability of coastal wetlands to persist despite accelerated sea level rise; (5) Crossing elevated CO2 with elevated N causes the elevated CO2 effect to diminish, with consequences for change in soil elevation.
J. Patrick Megonigal; Bert G. Drake
The primary goal of this report is to report the results of Grant DE-FG02-97ER62458, which began in 1997 as Grant DOE-98-59-MP-4 funded through the TECO program. However, this project has a longer history because DOE also funded this study from its inception in 1985 through 1997. The original grant was focused on plant responses to elevated CO2 in an intact ecosystem, while the latter grant was focused on belowground responses. Here we summarize the major findings across the 25 years this study has operated, and note that the experiment will continue to run through 2020 with NSF support. The major conclusions of the study to date are: (1 Elevated CO2 stimulated plant productivity in the C3 plant community by ~30% during the 25 year study. The magnitude of the increase in productivity varied interannually and was sometime absent altogether. There is some evidence of down-regulation at the ecosystem level across the 25 year record that may be due to interactions with other factors such as sea-level rise or long-term changes in N supply; (2) Elevated CO2 stimulated C4 productivity by <10%, perhaps due to more efficient water use, but C3 plants at elevated CO2 did not displace C4 plants as predicted; (3) Increased primary production caused a general stimulation of microbial processes, but there were both increases and decreases in activity depending on the specific organisms considered. An increase in methanogenesis and methane emissions implies elevated CO2 may amplify radiative forcing in the case of wetland ecosystems; (4) Elevated CO2 stimulated soil carbon sequestration in the form of an increase in elevation. The increase in elevation is 50-100% of the increase in net ecosystem production caused by elevated CO2 (still under analysis). The increase in soil elevation suggests the elevated CO2 may have a positive outcome for the ability of coastal wetlands to persist despite accelerated sea level rise; (5) Crossing elevated CO2 with elevated N causes the elevated CO2 effect to diminish, with consequences for change in soil elevation.
The REFLEX project: Comparing different algorithms and implementations for the inversion of a terrestrial ecosystem model against eddy covariance data
We describe a model-data fusion (MDF) inter-comparison project (REFLEX), which compared various algorithms for estimating carbon (C) model parameters consistent with both measured carbon fluxes and states and a simple C model. Participants were provided with the model and with both synthetic net ecosystem exchange (NEE) ofCO2 and leaf area index (LAI) data, generated from the model with added noise, and observed NEE and LAI data from two eddy covariance sites. Participants endeavoured to estimate model parameters and states consistent with the model for all cases over the two years for which data were provided, and generate predictions for one additional year without observations. Nine participants contributed results using Metropolis algorithms, Kalman filters and a genetic algorithm. For the synthetic data case, parameter estimates compared well with the true values. The results of the analyses indicated that parameters linked directly to gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, such as those related to foliage allocation and turnover, or temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration,were best constrained and characterised. Poorly estimated parameters were those related to the allocation to and turnover of fine root/wood pools. Estimates of confidence intervals varied among algorithms, but several algorithms successfully located the true values of annual fluxes from synthetic experiments within relatively narrow 90% confidence intervals, achieving>80% success rate and mean NEE confidence intervals <110 gCm-2 year-1 for the synthetic case. Annual C flux estimates generated by participants generally agreed with gap-filling approaches using half-hourly data. The estimation of ecosystem respiration and GPP through MDF agreed well with outputs from partitioning studies using half-hourly data. Confidence limits on annual NEE increased by an average of 88% in the prediction year compared to the previous year, when data were available. Confidence intervals on annual NEE increased by 30% when observed data were used instead of synthetic data, reflecting and quantifying the addition of model error. Finally, our analyses indicated that incorporating additional constraints, using data on C pools (wood, soil and fine roots) would help to reduce uncertainties for model parameters poorly served by eddy covariance data.
Fox, Andrew [University of Sheffield; Williams, Mathew [University of Edinburgh; Richardson, Andrew D. [Harvard University; Cameron, David [Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate; Gove, Jeffrey H. [USDA Forest Service; Quaife, Tristan [University College, London; Ricciuto, Daniel M [ORNL; Reichstein, Markus [Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Tomelleri, Enrico [Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Trudinger, Cathy [CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; Van Wijk, Mark T. [Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands
ORNL DAAC, Biogeochemical Parameters for Ecosystem Modeling,...
Parameters for Ecosystem Modeling The ORNL DAAC announces the release of a data set entitled "Literature-Derived Parameters for the BIOME-BGC Terrestrial Ecosystem...
Air Handler Condensate Recovery at the Environmental Protection Agency's Science and Ecosystem Support Division: Best Management Practice Case Study #14; Alternate Water Sources (Fact Sheet)
FEMP Water Efficiency Best Management Practice #14 Case Study: Overview of the air handler condensate recovery program at the Environmental Protection Agency's Science and Ecosystem Support Division.
Not Available
Terrestrial Sequestration Program
TerresTrial sequesTraTion Program TerresTrial sequesTraTion Program Capture and Storage of Carbon in Terrestrial Ecosystems Background Clean, affordable energy is essential for U.S. prosperity and security in the 21st century. More than half of the electricity currently generated in the United States comes from coal-fired boilers, and there is little indication that this percentage will diminish through 2020 and beyond. In addition, the use of coal for electricity generation is projected to more than double in developing nations by 2020. This ever growing demand for fossil-fuel-based power and the consequential rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations requires innovative methods to capture and store CO 2 . Terrestrial ecosystems, which include both soil and vegetation, are widely recognized
Energy, Water Ecosystem Engineering | Clean Energy | ORNL
Earth and Aquatic Sciences Ecosystem Science Environmental Data Science and Systems Energy, Water and Ecosystem Engineering Human Health Risk and Environmental Analysis...
[Climate implications of terrestrial paleoclimate]. Quaternary Sciences Center, Desert Research Institute annual report, fiscal year 1994/1995
The objective of this study is to collect terrestrial climate indicators for paleoclimate synthesis. The paleobiotic and geomorphic records are being examined for the local and regional impact of past climates to assess Yucca Mountain`s suitability as a high-level nuclear waste repository. In particular these data are being used to provide estimates of the timing, duration and extremes of past periods of moister climate for use in hydrological models of local and regional recharge that are being formulated by USGS and other hydrologists for the Yucca Mountain area. The project includes botanical, faunal, and geomorphic components that will be integrated to accomplish this goal. To this end personnel at the Quaternary Sciences Center of the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nevada are conducting the following activities: Analyses of packrat middens; Analysis of pollen samples; and Determination of vegetation climate relationships.
Wigand, P.E.
Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data
While fossil fuel emissions are calculated with relatively high precision, understanding the fate of those emissions with respect to sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems requires data and methods that can reduce uncertainties in the diagnosis of land-based CO2 sinks. The wide range in the land surface flux estimates is related to a number of factors, but most generally because of the different methodologies used to develop estimates of carbon stocks and flux, and the uncertainties inherent in each approach. The alternative approaches to estimating continental scale carbon fluxes that we explored here can be broadly classified as applying a top-down or bottom-up perspective. Top-down approaches calculate land-atmosphere carbon fluxes based on atmospheric budgets and inverse modeling. Bottom-up approaches rely primarily on measurements of carbon stock changes (the inventory approach) or on spatially distributed simulations of carbon stocks and/or fluxes using process-based modeling (the forward modelapproach).
Hayes, D. J.; Turner, D. P.; Stinson, Graham; McGuire, A. David; Wei, Yaxing; West, Tristram O.; Heath, L.; deJong, B.; McConkey, Brian; Birdsey, Richard A.; Kurz, Werner; Jacobson, Andy; Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Pan, Y.; Post, W. M.; Cook, R. B.
Data Management | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Data Management Data Management Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Research Abstracts Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Biological Systems Science Division (BSSD) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) ARM Climate Research Facility Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration External link Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC)
Radiation exposure of the biota in the shoreline area of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Pond was assessed to evaluate radiological consequences from the decommissioning of the Cooling Pond. The article addresses studies of radioactive contamination of the terrestrial faunal complex and radionuclide concentration ratios in bodies of small birds, small mammals, amphibians, and reptiles living in the area. The data were used to calculate doses to biota using the ERICA Tool software. Doses from {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs were calculated using the default parameters of the ERICA Tool and were shown to be consistent with biota doses calculated from the field data. However, the ERICA dose calculations for plutonium isotopes were much higher (2-5 times for small mammals and 10-14 times for birds) than the doses calculated using the experimental data. Currently, the total doses for the terrestrial biota do not exceed maximum recommended levels. However, if the Cooling Pond is allowed to drawdown naturally and the contaminants of the bottom sediments are exposed and enter the biological cycle, the calculated doses to biota may exceed the maximum recommended values. The study is important in establishing the current exposure conditions such that a baseline exists from which changes can be documented following the lowering of the reservoir water. Additionally, the study provided useful radioecological data on biota concentration ratios for some species that are poorly represented in the literature.
Farfan, E.; Jannik, T.
ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS OF GEOENGINEERING: A Review for Developing a Science Plan
Geoengineering methods are intended to reduce the magnitude of climate change. Climate change in some regions is already having demonstrable effects on ecosystem structure and functioning. Two different types of geoengineering activities have been proposed: carbon dioxide removal (CDR), which includes a range of engineered and biological processes to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, and solar radiation management (SRM, or sunlight reflection methods), whereby a small percentage of sunlight is reflected back into space to offset warming from greenhouse gases. In this review, we evaluate some of the possible impacts of CDR and SRM on the physical climate and their subsequent influence on ecosystems, including the risks and uncertainties associated with new kinds of purposeful perturbations to Earth. Specifically, we find evidence that, if implemented successfully, some CDR methods and continue use of some SRM methods) could alleviate some of the deleterious ecosystem impacts associated with climate changes that might occur in the foreseeable future.
Russell, Lynn M.; Rasch, Philip J.; Mace, Georgina; Jackson, Robert B.; Shepherd, John; Liss, Peter; Leinen, Margaret; Schimel, David; Vaughan, Naomi E.; Janetos, Anthony C.; Boyd, Philip W.; Norby, Richard J.; Caldeira, Ken; Merikanto, Joonas; Artaxo, Paulo; Melillo, Jerry; Morgan, M. Granger
Geoengineering methods are intended to reduce the magnitude of climate change, which is already having demonstrable effects on ecosystem structure and functioning. Two different types of activities have been proposed: solar radiation management (SRM), or sunlight reflection methods, which involves reflecting a small percentage of solar light back into space to offset the warming due to greenhouse gases, and carbon dioxide removal (CDR), which includes a range of engineered and biological processes to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. This report evaluates some of the possible impacts of CDR and SRM on the physical climate and their subsequent influence on ecosystems, which include the risks and uncertainties associated with new kinds of purposeful perturbations to the Earth. Therefore, the question considered in this review is whether CDR and SRM methods would exacerbate or alleviate the deleterious impacts on ecosystems associated with climate changes that might occur in the foreseeable future.Geoengineering methods are intended to reduce the magnitude of climate change, which is already having demonstrable effects on ecosystem structure and functioning. Two different types of activities have been proposed: solar radiation management (SRM), or sunlight reflection methods, which involves reflecting a small percentage of solar light back into space to offset the warming due to greenhouse gases, and carbon dioxide removal (CDR), which includes a range of engineered and biological processes to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. This report evaluates some of the possible impacts of CDR and SRM on the physical climate and their subsequent influence on ecosystems, which include the risks and uncertainties associated with new kinds of purposeful perturbations to the Earth. Therefore, the question considered in this review is whether CDR and SRM methods would exacerbate or alleviate the deleterious impacts on ecosystems associated with climate changes that might occur in the foreseeable future.
Russell, Lynn M [University of California, San Diego; Jackson, Robert B [Duke University; Norby, Richard J [ORNL
Dr J Michael Kuperberg | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Climate and Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) » Dr J Michael Kuperberg Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Research Abstracts Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Biological Systems Science Division (BSSD) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) ARM Climate Research Facility Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration External link Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities
ARM Climate Research Facility | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Research » Climate and Research » Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) » ARM Climate Research Facility Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Research Abstracts Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Biological Systems Science Division (BSSD) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) ARM Climate Research Facility Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration External link Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BER
William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) | U.S.
William R. Wiley Environmental William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Research Abstracts Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Biological Systems Science Division (BSSD) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) ARM Climate Research Facility Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration External link Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC)
Air Handler Condensate Recovery at the Environmental Protection Agency�s Science and Ecosystem Support Division: Best Management Practice Case Study #14: Alternate Water Sources, Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) (Fact Sheet)
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Land-Use and Ecosystems
Land-Use and Ecosystems Terrestrial Carbon Management Data Sets and Analyses National Land Cover Data 1992 (2005), and 2001 (2008) Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere from Land-Use...
We develop an approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using inventory-based information over North America (NA) for a recent 7-year period (ca. 2000 2006). The approach notably retains information on the spatial distribution of NEE, or the vertical exchange between land and atmosphere of all non-fossil fuel sources and sinks of CO2, while accounting for lateral transfers of forest and crop products as well as their eventual emissions. The total NEE estimate of a 327 252 TgC yr1 sink for NA was driven primarily by CO2 uptake in the Forest Lands sector (248 TgC yr1), largely in the Northwest and Southeast regions of the US, and in the Crop Lands sector (297 TgC yr1), predominantly in the Midwest US states. These sinks are counteracted by the carbon source estimated for the Other Lands sector (+218 TgC yr1), where much of the forest and crop products are assumed to be returned to the atmosphere (through livestock and human consumption). The ecosystems of Mexico are estimated tobe a small net source (+18 TgC yr1) due to land use change between 1993 and 2002. We compare these inventorybased estimates with results from a suite of terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric inversion models, where the mean continental-scale NEE estimate for each ensemble is 511 TgC yr1 and 931 TgC yr1, respectively. In the modeling approaches, all sectors, including Other Lands, were generally estimated to be a carbon sink, driven in part by assumed CO2 fertilization and/or lack of consideration of carbon sources from disturbances and product emissions. Additional fluxes not measured by the inventories, although highly uncertain, could add an additional 239 TgC yr1 to the inventory-based NA sink estimate, thus suggesting some convergence with the modeling approaches.
Hayes, Daniel J [ORNL; Turner, David P [Oregon State University, Corvallis; Stinson, Graham [Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service; Mcguire, David [University of Alaska; Wei, Yaxing [ORNL; West, Tristram O. [Joint Global Change Research Institute, PNNL; Heath, Linda S. [USDA Forest Service; De Jong, Bernardus [ECOSUR; McConkey, Brian G. [Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Birdsey, Richard A. [U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Kurz, Werner [Canadian Forest Service; Jacobson, Andrew [NOAA ESRL and CIRES; Huntzinger, Deborah [University of Michigan; Pan, Yude [U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Post, Wilfred M [ORNL; Cook, Robert B [ORNL
Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
» Atmospheric System Research (ASR) » Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Research Abstracts Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Biological Systems Science Division (BSSD) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) ARM Climate Research Facility Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration External link Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC)
Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change | U.S. DOE Office of Science
Integrated Assessment of Global Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Research Abstracts Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Biological Systems Science Division (BSSD) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) ARM Climate Research Facility Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration External link Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC)
Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Earth System Modeling (ESM) Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Research Abstracts Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Biological Systems Science Division (BSSD) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) ARM Climate Research Facility Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration External link Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC)
Subsurface Biogeochemical Research | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Subsurface Biogeochemical Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Research Abstracts Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Biological Systems Science Division (BSSD) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) ARM Climate Research Facility Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of Global Climate Change Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration External link Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC)
Environmental Data Science & Systems | Clean Energy | ORNL
Change Science Institute Earth and Aquatic Sciences Ecosystem Science Environmental Data Science and Systems Energy, Water and Ecosystem Engineering Human Health Risk and...
Total Ecosystem Approach to Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
7RWDO(FRV\VWHP$SSURDFKWR 7RWDO(FRV\VWHP$SSURDFKWR 7HUUHVWULDO&DUERQ 6HTXHVWUDWLRQ Coal Industry Perspective November 6, 2001 685)$&(0,1,1* * Surface mining is the preferred mining method - Cheaper - Employees are above ground - More coal is recovered - Less preparation (washing) required * Prior to 1977 overburden (soil) was left loose (uncompacted) - Many disturbed areas have supported growth of new forest with growth rates greater than adjacent undisturbed lands 685)$&(0,1($&72) * Act Required Mine Operators to take steps to reclaim mined lands. - Post Reclamation Bond - Return Land to Approximate Original Contour * Mining Companies routinely made the surface smooth by making multiple passes over the surface compacting soils 5(&/$,0('0,1(/$1'327(17,$/
Climate & Environmental Sciences | More Science | ORNL
Climate & Environment Climate & Environment SHARE Climate and Environmental Sciences Climate and environmental scientists at ORNL conduct research, develop technology and perform analyses to understand and predict how environmental systems respond to global and regional changes - including climate change, environmental stress and energy production and use. By integrating field and laboratory methods with new theory, modeling, data systems and policy analysis, we develop solutions to complex environmental challenges. ORNL has an increasing programmatic focus on climate change and subsurface biogeochemical research. Current priorities in the area of climate and environmental research are focused on understanding biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by creating new databases and models to inform
The Ecosystem Science Center
Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar Systems: Estimating the Energetic, Economic, and Climate Change October 30, 2009. Accepted November 17, 2009. Biomass pyrolysis with biochar returned to soil with biochar applied to soils results in four coproducts: long-term carbon (C) sequestration from stable C
REGULAR ARTICLE Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian+Business Media B.V. 2010 Abstract The application of biochar (biomass-derived black carbon) to soil has been studied the effect of a single application of 0, 8 and 20 t ha-1 of biochar to a Colombian savanna Oxisol
Terrestrial Ecology | Biosciences Division
Terrestrial Ecology BIO Home Page About BIO News Releases Research Publications People Contact Us Organization Chart Site Index Inside BIO BIO Safety About Argonne Terrestrial...
Water-Use Efficiency of the Terrestrial Biosphere: A Model Analysis Focusing on Interactions between the Global Carbon and Water Cycles
Carbon and water cycles are intimately coupled in terrestrial ecosystems, and water-use efficiency (WUE; carbon gain at the expense of unit water loss) is one of the key parameters of ecohydrology and ecosystem management. In this study, the ...
Akihiko Ito; Motoko Inatomi
BSCSP Terrestrial Factsheet 2009
Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership - Terrestrial Sequestration 1 FACTSHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST Partnership Name Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership...
Dynamic Response of Terrestrial Hydrological Cycles and Plant Water Stress to Climate Change in China
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration CO2 and climate change are expected to have a major effect on terrestrial ecosystem hydrological cycles and plant water stress in the coming decades. The present study investigates the potential responses of ...
Fulu Tao; Zhao Zhang
Whole Ecosystem Measurements of Biogenic Hydrocarbon Emissions Final Report
of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management Ecosystem Sciences Division 151 Hilgard Hall University Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Mangement Ecosystem Sciences Division 151 Hilgard Hall thank Dave Bowling for valuable input on development of the Relaxed Eddy Accumulation system. The staff
Cohen, Ronald C.
Generation of a Consistent Terrestrial Net Primary Production Data Set
Generation of a Consistent Terrestrial Net Generation of a Consistent Terrestrial Net Primary Production Data Set Final Report NASA Reference Number TE/99-0005 May 3, 2001 Richard J. Olson and Jonathan M. O. Scurlock Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6407 This project, "Generation of a Consistent Terrestrial Net Primary Production Data Set", is a coordinated, international effort to compile global estimates of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) for parameterization, calibration, and validation of NPP models. The project (NASA Reference Number TE/99-0005) was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Office of Earth Science, Terrestrial Ecology Program under Interagency Agreement number 2013-M164-A1, under
Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes of Terrestrial
Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes of Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Western. Sleeter Chapter 9 of Baseline and Projected Future Carbon Storage and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems.L., Hawbaker, T.J., and Sleeter, B.M., 2012, Projected future carbon storage and greenhouse gas fluxes
Fleskes, Joe
A Study of the Abundance and 13C/12C Ratio of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide to Advance the Scientific Understanding of Terrestrial Processes Regulating the Global Carbon Cycle
The primary goal of our research program, consistent with the goals of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and funded by the terrestrial carbon processes (TCP) program of DOE, has been to improve understanding of changes in the distribution and cycling of carbon among the active land, ocean and atmosphere reservoirs, with particular emphasis on terrestrial ecosystems. Our approach is to systematically measure atmospheric CO2 to produce time series data essential to reveal temporal and spatial patterns. Additional measurements of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio of CO2 provide a basis for distinguishing organic and inorganic processes. To pursue the significance of these patterns further, our research also involved interpretations of the observations by models, measurements of inorganic carbon in sea water, and of CO2 in air near growing land plants.
Stephen C. Piper
Consequences of Considering Carbon/Nitrogen Interactions on the Feedbacks between Climate and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
A number of observational studies indicate that carbon sequestration by terrestrial ecosystems in a world with an atmosphere richer in carbon dioxide and a warmer climate depends on the interactions between the carbon and ...
Sokolov, Andrei P.
Consequences of Considering Carbon�Nitrogen Interactions on the Feedbacks between Climate and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
The impact of carbon�nitrogen dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems on the interaction between the carbon cycle and climate is studied using an earth system model of intermediate complexity, the MIT Integrated Global Systems Model (IGSM). Numerical ...
Andrei P. Sokolov; David W. Kicklighter; Jerry M. Melillo; Benjamin S. Felzer; C. Adam Schlosser; Timothy W. Cronin
Coreless Terrestrial Exoplanets
Differentiation in terrestrial planets is expected to include the formation of a metallic iron core. We predict the existence of terrestrial planets that have differentiated but have no metallic core--planets that are effectively a giant silicate mantle. We discuss two paths to forming a coreless terrestrial planet, whereby the oxidation state during planetary accretion and solidification will determine the size or existence of any metallic core. Under this hypothesis, any metallic iron in the bulk accreting material is oxidized by water, binding the iron in the form of iron oxide into the silicate minerals of the planetary mantle. The existence of such silicate planets has consequences for interpreting the compositions and interior density structures of exoplanets based on their mass and radius measurements.
L. Elkins-Tanton; S. Seager
Land conversion in Amazonia and Northern South America : influences on regional hydrology and ecosystem response
A numerical model of the terrestrial biosphere (Ecosystem Demography Model) is compbined with an atmospheric model (Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) to investigate how land conversion in the Amazon and ...
Knox, Ryan Gary
Environmental Sciences Division. Annual progress report for period ending September 30, 1980. [Lead abstract
Research conducted in the Environmental Sciences Division for the Fiscal Year 1980 included studies carried out in the following Division programs and sections: (1) Advanced Fossil Energy Program, (2) Nuclear Program, (3) Environmental Impact Program, (4) Ecosystem Studies Program, (5) Low-Level Waste Research and Development Program, (6) National Low-Level Waste Program, (7) Aquatic Ecology Section, (8) Environmental Resources Section, (9) Earth Sciences Section, and (10) Terrestrial Ecology Section. In addition, Educational Activities and the dedication of the Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park are reported. Separate abstracts were prepared for the 10 sections of this report.
Auerbach, S.I.; Reichle, D.E.
Simulation and Evaluation of Terrestrial Ecosystem NPP with M ...
climate monthly data set (Mitchell and Jones, 2005) that was used to create daily ... soil data set from the Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion (FAO) (Batjes et al.,�...
Innovation Ecosystem Development Initiative
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Trust Location: Chicago, IL Project Title Illinois Cleantech Ecosystem Consortium (ICE) Proposed Action or Project Description The Illinois Cleantech Ecosystem Consortium, a...
Terrestrial Carbon Management
Terrestrial Carbon Management Data Sets and Analyses Terrestrial Carbon Management Data Sets and Analyses Carbon Accumulation with Cropland Management Influence of Agricultural Management on Soil Organic Carbon: A Compendium and Assessment of Canadian Studies (VandenBygaart et al., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) Soil Carbon Sequestration by Tillage and Crop Rotation: A Global Data Analysis (West and Post, Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Preliminary Estimates of the Potential for Carbon Mitigation in European Soils Through No-Till Farming (Smith et al., University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom) Potential for Carbon Sequestration in European Soils: Preliminary Estimates for Five Scenarios Using Results from Long-Term Experiments (Smith et al., University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom) Carbon Accumulation with Grassland Management
Science Serving Sustainability
Science Goal 8: Science Serving Sustainability Maintaining the conditions of a building improves the health of not only the surrounding ecosystems, but also the well-being of its...
Air Handler Condensate Recovery at the Environmental Protection Agencys Science and Ecosystem Support Division: Best Management Practice Case Study #14: Alternate Water Sources, Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) (Fact Sheet)
drought in the southeastern United States caused drought in the southeastern United States caused the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to address the need for water conservation and develop a water management plan for their Science and Ecosystem Support Division (SESD). The water management plan aimed to reduce SESD's potable water usage (more than 2.4 million gallons in fiscal year 2008) through an air handler condensate recovery project. The EPA SESD encompasses 12 acres in Athens, Georgia. A single laboratory building was constructed in 1996 consisting of 66,200 square feet configured for a mix use of laboratory and office activities. In May 2008, SESD completed an air handler condensate recovery system. The system routes condensate from rooftop air handler units to the facility's cooling tower,
Recent Climate-Driven Increases in Vegetation Productivity for the Western Arctic: Evidence of an Acceleration of the Northern Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
Northern ecosystems contain much of the global reservoir of terrestrial carbon that is potentially reactive in the context of near-term climate change. Annual variability and recent trends in vegetation productivity across Alaska and northwest ...
J. S. Kimball; M. Zhao; A. D. McGuire; F. A. Heinsch; J. Clein; M. Calef; W. M. Jolly; S. Kang; S. E. Euskirchen; K. C. McDonald; S. W. Running
The IC Brazil ecosystem
Brazilian Government has done a strong effort to develop the Microelectronics area in Brazil. An ecosystem of communities interested to rethink the insertion of Brazil in the important market of semiconductors. Important questions should be considered ... Keywords: IC projects, IT ecosystems and e-government, collaborative ecosystems, education, semiconductors
Oscar S. Silva Filho
DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration | Department...
Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration January 18, 2011 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - There is considerable...
Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents
Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide because of the potential accelerating effects of positive climate carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed relationships between climate and terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere across biomes and continents are lacking. Here we present data describing the relationships between net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) and climate factors as measured using the eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various ecosystems over six continents with a total of 559 site-years. We find that NEE observed at eddy covariance sites is (1) a strong function of mean annual temperature at mid- and high-latitudes, (2) a strong function of dryness at mid- and low-latitudes, and (3) a function of both temperature and dryness around the mid-latitudinal belt (45 N). The sensitivity of NEE to mean annual temperature breaks down at ~ 16 C (a threshold value of mean annual temperature), above which no further increase of CO2 uptake with temperature was observed and dryness influence overrules temperature influence.
Ricciuto, Daniel M [ORNL; Gu, Lianhong [ORNL
FACTSHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST FACTSHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST Partnership Name Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration Contacts: DOE/NETL Project Mgr. Name Organization E-Mail William O'Dowd NETL firstname.lastname@example.com Principal Investigator Reid Grigg / Brian McPherson NMT firstname.lastname@example.com / email@example.com Field Test Information: Field Test Name Terrestrial Sequestration Programs - Regional Terrestrial and Local Terrestrial Sequestration (Combined With Enhanced Coalbed Methane Sequestration) Test Location Entire Region (Regional Program); San Juan Basin (Local Pilot Test) Amount and Source of CO 2
Ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes after disturbance in forests of North America
forest in northern Wisconsin, USA, Agric. For. Meteorol. ,managed forests in northern Wisconsin, USA, Ecosystems, 10,Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin?Madison, Madison,
COMMENTARIES Opening the Black Boxes: Ecosystem
COMMENTARIES Opening the Black Boxes: Ecosystem Science and Economic Valuation Stephen R. Carpenter and nature, then diverse disciplines must learn to view each other as more than just another black box. ``The'' must become more than just another state variable to the economist. As the black boxes have opened up
Turner, Monica G.
149802 149802 , 1291 (2007); 318 Science et al. L. Ozyuzer, Superconductors Emission of Coherent THz Radiation from www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of November 29, 2007 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5854/1291 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5854/1291/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5854/1291#related-content http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/318/5854/1291#otherarticles
all all SCience Chicago Office Environment, Safety and Health Functions, Responsibilities, and Authorities Manual December 2012 ~5 {?JI-- l L-H1- I Roxanne E. Purucker, Manager Date SC-CH FRAM Revision 7 Office of Science - Chicago Office SC-CH Revision History TITLE: SC-CH Functions, Responsibilities, and Authorities Manual POINT OF CONTACT: Karl Moro SCMS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: Environment, Safety and Health (ES&H) TO BE UPDATED: December 31, 2013 Revision Date Reason/Driver Description 5 Oct 10 Annual review and revision of the SC-CH ES&H Functions, Responsibilities, and Authorities Manual Changes were primarily made to address administrative and organizational changes and general improvement of text and presentation. I 6 Nov 11 Annual review and revision of
EMSL Geochemistry, Biogeochemistry and Subsurface Science-Science Theme Advisory Panel Meeting
This report covers the topics of discussion and the recommendations of the panel members. On December 8 and 9, 2010, the Geochemistry, Biogeochemistry, and Subsurface Science (GBSS) Science Theme Advisory Panel (STAP) convened for a more in-depth exploration of the five Science Theme focus areas developed at a similar meeting held in 2009. The goal for the fiscal year (FY) 2011 meeting was to identify potential topical areas for science campaigns, necessary experimental development needs, and scientific members for potential research teams. After a review of the current science in each of the five focus areas, the 2010 STAP discussions successfully led to the identification of one well focused campaign idea in pore-scale modeling and five longer-term potential research campaign ideas that would likely require additional workshops to identify specific research thrusts. These five campaign areas can be grouped into two categories: (1) the application of advanced high-resolution, high mass accuracy experimental techniques to elucidate the interplay between geochemistry and microbial communities in terrestrial ecosystems and (2) coupled computation/experimental investigations of the electron transfer reactions either between mineral surfaces and outer membranes of microbial cells or between the outer and inner membranes of microbial cells.
Brown, Gordon E.; Chaka, Anne; Shuh, David K.; Roden, Eric E.; Werth, Charles J.; Hess, Nancy J.; Felmy, Andrew R.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Baer, Donald R.; Bailey, Vanessa L.; Bowden, Mark E.; Grate, Jay W.; Hoyt, David W.; Kuprat, Laura R.; Lea, Alan S.; Mueller, Karl T.; Oostrom, Martinus; Orr, Galya; Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana; Plata, Charity; Robinson, E. W.; Teller, Raymond G.; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai; Wang, Hongfei; Wiley, H. S.; Wilkins, Michael J.
eMagazine : BioEnergy Science Center
Bioenergy Research Centers - An overview of the Science The Science Behind Cheaper Biofuels a Bioenergy Ecosystem - BESC partnerships translate R&D into biofuels High-Speed...
Evaluation of a Process-Based Agro-Ecosystem Model (Agro-IBIS) across the U.S. Corn Belt: Simulations of the Interannual Variability in Maize Yield
A process-based terrestrial ecosystem model, Agro-IBIS, was used to simulate maize yield in a 13-state region of the U.S. Corn Belt from 1958 to 1994 across a 0.5� terrestrial grid. For validation, county-level census [U.S. Department of ...
Christopher J. Kucharik
Martian Windchill in Terrestrial Terms
With an average temperature of ?63 �C and winter lows of ?120 �C, Mars sounds far too cold for humans. However, thermometer readings from Mars are highly misleading to Terrestrials who base their expectations of thermal comfort on their experience in ...
Randall Osczevski
Soil community composition and ecosystem processes Comparing agricultural ecosystems with natural ecosystems
Soil community composition and ecosystem processes Comparing agricultural ecosystems with natural, nitrogen, pesticides Abstract. Soil organisms play principal roles in several ecosystem functions, i decomposition, and acting as an environmental buffer. Agricultural soils would more closely resemble soils
Neher, Deborah A.
Management Plan J.W. Munger and S.C. Wofsy School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University
Data-Assimilation Framework for Integrating Data-Assimilation Framework for Integrating 25 Years of Surface and Airborne observations to assess patterns of net CO2 Exchange from Arctic Ecosystems: Data Management Plan J.W. Munger and S.C. Wofsy School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University The following Data Management Plan was part of the NASA ROSES 2012 Proposal Development of a Data-Assimilation Framework for Integrating 25 Years of Surface and Airborne observations to assess patterns of net CO2 Exchange from Arctic Ecosystems (summary) submitted to the Terrestrial Ecology Program. It is presented as an example plan. Data Management Plan Our group is strongly committed to providing open access to data and model products. Ongoing and past projects post all data on local ftp
Trends Online - Ecosystems
Ecosystems Area and Carbon Content of Sphagnum Since Last Glacial Maximum - K. Gajewski, A. Viau, M. Sawada, D. Atkinson and S. Wilson Studies of present and past conditions are...
ecosystem in South Africa
Abstract. The principal mechanisms that connect carbon fluxes with water relations in savanna ecosystems were studied by using eddy covariance method in a savanna ecosystem at Kruger National Park, South Africa. Since the annual drought and rewetting cycle is a major factor influencing the function of savanna ecosystems, this work focused on the close inter-connection between water relations and carbon fluxes. Data from a nine-month measuring campaign lasting from the early wet season to the late dry season were used. Total ecosystem respiration showed highest values at the onset of the growing season, a slightly lower plateau during the main part of the growing season and a continuous decrease during the transition towards the dry season. The regulation of canopy conductance was changed in two ways: changes due to phenology during the course of the
W. L. Kutsch; N. Hanan; B. Scholes; I. Mchugh; W. Kubheka; H. Eckhardt; C. Williams
Climate Change Science Institute | Clean Energy | ORNL
Climate & Environment Climate & Environment Climate Change Science Institute Earth and Aquatic Sciences Ecosystem Science Environmental Data Science and Systems Energy, Water and Ecosystem Engineering Human Health Risk and Environmental Analysis Renewable Energy Systems Clean Energy Home | Science & Discovery | Clean Energy | Research Areas | Climate & Environment | Climate Change Science Institute SHARE Climate Change Science Institute To advance understanding of the Earth system, describe the consequences of climate change, and evaluate and inform policy on the outcomes of climate change responses. The Climate Change Science Institute is an inter-disciplinary, cross-directorate research organization created in 2009 to advance climate change science research. More than 100 researchers from the Computing and
Graduate student theses supported by DOE`s Environmental Sciences Division
This report provides complete bibliographic citations, abstracts, and keywords for 212 doctoral and master`s theses supported fully or partly by the U.S. Department of Energy`s Environmental Sciences Division (and its predecessors) in the following areas: Atmospheric Sciences; Marine Transport; Terrestrial Transport; Ecosystems Function and Response; Carbon, Climate, and Vegetation; Information; Computer Hardware, Advanced Mathematics, and Model Physics (CHAMMP); Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM); Oceans; National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC); Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV); Integrated Assessment; Graduate Fellowships for Global Change; and Quantitative Links. Information on the major professor, department, principal investigator, and program area is given for each abstract. Indexes are provided for major professor, university, principal investigator, program area, and keywords. This bibliography is also available in various machine-readable formats (ASCII text file, WordPerfect{reg_sign} files, and PAPYRUS{trademark} files).
Cushman, R.M. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Parra, B.M. [Dept. of Energy, Germantown, MD (United States). Environmental Sciences Division] [comps.
mathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publisher
sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences
Calegari, Frank
Innovation Ecosystem Development Initiative Innovation Ecosystem Development Initiative Funding Opportunity Number DE-FOA-0000356 Applicant (Legal Name) University of Utah Technology Commercialization Office Location: Salt Lake City, UT Project Title Energy Innovation Commercialization Center Proposed Action or Project Description The project proposes to create an Energy Innovation Commercialization Center at the University of Utah. The scope of work for this project is in two phases: tasks necessary to create the Center and actual commercialization and outreach to other institutions. Specific activities for Phase I for the Center startup include 1) negotiating contract, prepare correspondence, establishing website, meetings, scheduling activities, developing metrics, and designing and creating a database. Phase 2 activities for Center
Global terrestrial biogeochemistry: Perturbations, interactions, and time scales
Global biogeochemical processes are being perturbed by human activity, principally that which is associated with industrial activity and expansion of urban and agricultural complexes. Perturbations have manifested themselves at least since the beginning of the 19th Century, and include emissions of CO{sub 2} and other pollutants from fossil fuel combustion, agricultural emissions of reactive nitrogen, and direct disruption of ecosystem function through land conversion. These perturbations yield local impacts, but there are also global consequences that are the sum of local-scale influences. Several approaches to understanding the global-scale implications of chemical perturbations to the Earth system are discussed. The lifetime of anthropogenic CO{sub 2} in the atmosphere is an important concept for understanding the current and future commitment to an altered atmospheric heat budget. The importance of the terrestrial biogeochemistry relative to the lifetime of excess CO{sub 2} is demonstrated using dynamic, aggregated models of the global carbon cycle.
Braswell, B.H. Jr.
Management Opportunities for Enhancing Terrestrial Carbon Dioxide Sinks
The potential for mitigating increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations through the use of terrestrial biological carbon (C) sequestration is substantial. Here, we estimate the amount of C being sequestered by natural processes at global, North American, and national US scales. We present and quantify, where possible, the potential for deliberate human actions � through forestry, agriculture, and use of biomass-based fuels � to augment these natural sinks. Carbon sequestration may potentially be achieved through some of these activities but at the expense of substantial changes in land-use management. Some practices (eg reduced tillage, improved silviculture, woody bioenergy crops) are already being implemented because of their economic benefits and associated ecosystem services. Given their cumulative greenhouse-gas impacts, other strategies (eg the use of biochar and cellulosic bioenergy crops) require further evaluation to determine whether widespread implementation is warranted.
Post, W. M.; Izaurralde, Roberto C.; West, Tristram O.; Liebig, Mark A.; King, Anthony W.
& Number Theory mathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences publishersmathematical sciences
Skorobogatov, Alexei N.
U.S. Department of Energy Categorical Exclusion Determination Form Program or Field Office: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Innovation Ecosystem Development Initiative Funding Opportunity Number DE-FOA-0000356 Applicant (Legal Name) Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems Location: Cambridge, MA Project Title TechBridge Energy Innovation Acceleration Program
The Network Packing Problem in Terrestrial Broadcasting
In the context of terrestrial video broadcasting, digital technology most likely will re- ... digital broadcasting has been carried out by the Italian Communications�...
Microsoft Word - BB-Terrestrial-Oct09
Field Test Name Terrestrial Field Validation Test Test Location North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Iowa Amount and Source of CO 2 Tons NA Source...
Microsoft Word - BB-Terrestrial.doc
Field Test Name PCOR Terrestrial Field Validation Test Test Location North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Iowa Amount and Source of CO 2 Tons NA Source...
Two Ecosystem Demography Models Released
Ecosystem Demography Models Released Ecosystem Demography Models Released The ORNL DAAC is pleased to announce the release of two Ecosystem Demography Models: Ecosystem Demography Model: U.S. Ecosystem Carbon Stocks and Fluxes, 1700-1990 . Data set prepared by G. Hurtt, S.W. Pacala, P.R. Moorcroft, J. Caspersen, E. Shevliakova, R.A. Houghton, B. Moore III, and J. Fisk. This model product contains the source code for the Ecosystem Demography Model (ED version 1.0) as well as model input and output data files for the conterminous United States. The ED is a mechanistic ecosystem model built around established sub-models of leaf level physiology, organic matter decomposition, hydrology, and functional biodiversity. It was used herein to estimate ecosystem carbon stocks and fluxes in the conterminous U.S. at
Science with the Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope
Center for Solar Terrestrial Research 19 / 30 Energy Release and Particle Acceleration Energy ReleaseScience with the Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope Dale E. Gary New Jersey Institute of Technology #12;EGU Meeting 2004 April 29 NJIT Center for Solar Terrestrial Research 2 / 30 #12;EGU Meeting
Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 2008 SCIENCE IN CHINA PRESS
Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences © 2008 SCIENCE IN CHINA PRESS Springer Sci China Ser D.springerlink.com Anachronistic facies in the Lower Triassic of South China and their implications to the ecosystems during and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 2 Yichang Institute of Geology
Tong, Jinnan
Science in China Series C: Life Sciences 2007 Science in China Press
Science in China Series C: Life Sciences © 2007 Science in China Press Springer-Verlag www.scichina.com www.springerlink.com Sci China Ser C-Life Sci | 2007 | vol. 50 | no. 2 | 277-284 Changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function during the restoration of a tropical forest in south China REN Hai1 , LI
Wu, Jianguo "Jingle"
for high-resolution solar wind data and to the National Space Science Data Center (NASAA COMPARISON BETWEEN APRIL 1999 AND FEBRUARY 2000 SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL CONNECTION EVENTS, with peak value of -16 nT. In this paper the interplanetary aspects of these two solar
Possible climates on terrestrial exoplanets
What kind of environment may exist on terrestrial planets around other stars? In spite of the lack of direct observations, it may not be premature to speculate on exoplanetary climates, for instance to optimize future telescopic observations, or to assess the probability of habitable worlds. To first order, climate primarily depends on 1) The atmospheric composition and the volatile inventory; 2) The incident stellar flux; 3) The tidal evolution of the planetary spin, which can notably lock a planet with a permanent night side. The atmospheric composition and mass depends on complex processes which are difficult to model: origins of volatile, atmospheric escape, geochemistry, photochemistry. We discuss physical constraints which can help us to speculate on the possible type of atmosphere, depending on the planet size, its final distance for its star and the star type. Assuming that the atmosphere is known, the possible climates can be explored using Global Climate Models analogous to the ones developed to sim...
Forget, Francois
Innovation Ecosystem Development Initiative Innovation Ecosystem Development Initiative Funding Opportunity Number DE-FOA-0000356 Applicant (Legal Name) The Regents of the University of California, UC San Diego Location: La Jolla, CA Project Title Regional Energy Innovation and Commercialization Proposed Action or Project Description The University of California San Diego and San Diego State University are partnering to address deficiencies in the process for translation of research discoveries to the private sector in the clean energy space in the greater San Diego region and accelerate the movement of clean energy innovation from the university laboratory into the marketplace. The Phase I objective for launching the Regional Energy Innovation Challenge includes tasks such as: 1) project management and planning (organizing advisory
U.S. Department of Energy Categorical Exclusion Determination Form Program or Field Office: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Innovation Ecosystem Development Initiative Funding Opportunity Number DE-FOA-0000356 Applicant (Legal Name) University of Central Florida Location: Orlando, FL Project Title MegaWatt Ventures Proposed Action or Project Description The University of Central Florida is dedicated to creating innovative programs that accelerate the
Impacts of Climate Change on Photosynthetic Microbes in Arid Ecosystems |
Impacts of Climate Change on Photosynthetic Microbes in Arid Ecosystems Impacts of Climate Change on Photosynthetic Microbes in Arid Ecosystems Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC) News & Resources Contact Information Biological and Environmental Research U.S. Department of Energy SC-23/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3251 F: (301) 903-5051 E: email@example.com More Information » October 2012 Impacts of Climate Change on Photosynthetic Microbes in Arid Ecosystems Researchers find that ten years of controlled CO2 elevation on desert microbes had deleterious effects.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory annual report for 1992 to the DOE Office of Energy Research. Part 2, Environmental sciences
The 1992 Annual Report from Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to the US Department of Energy (DOE) describes research in environment and health conducted during fiscal year 1992. This report consists of four volumes oriented to particular segments of the PNL program, describing research performed for the DOE Office of Health and Environmental Research in the Office of Energy Research. The parts of the 1992 Annual Report are: Biomedical Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Atmospheric Sciences; and Physical Sciences. This Report is Part 2: Environmental Sciences. Included in this report are developments in Subsurface Science, Terrestrial Science, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development, Interactions with Educational Institutions, Technology Transfer, Publications, and Presentations. The research is directed toward developing a fundamental understanding of subsurface and terrestrial systems as a basis for both managing these critical resources and addressing environmental problems such as environmental restoration and global change. The Technology Transfer section of this report describes a number of examples in which fundamental research is laying the groundwork for the technology needed to resolve important environmental problems. The Interactions with Educational Institutions section of the report illustrates the results of a long-term, proactive program to make PNL facilities available for university and preuniversity education and to involve educational institutions in research programs. The areas under investigation include the effect of geochemical and physical phenomena on the diversity and function of microorganisms in deep subsurface environments, ways to address subsurface heterogeneity, and ways to determine the key biochemical and physiological pathways (and DNA markers) that control nutrient, water, and energy dynamics in arid ecosystems and the response of these systems to disturbance and climatic change.
Grove, L.K. [ed.; Wildung, R.E.
CALMIT Remote-Sensing Research Relating to Carbon Sequestration There is considerable interest in assessing the magnitude of carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial
CALMIT Remote-Sensing Research Relating to Carbon Sequestration There is considerable interest in assessing the magnitude of carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial ecosystems using remote sensing techniques. We developed a novel technique to remotely assess carbon dioxide exchange in maize using
Nebraska-Lincoln, University of
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy:...
Soil ecosystem functioning under climate change: plant species and community effects
Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change depend on soil ecosystem dynamics. Soil ecosystems can directly and indirectly respond to climate change. For example, warming directly alters microbial communities by increasing their activity. Climate change may also alter plant community composition, thus indirectly altering the microbial communities that feed on their inputs. To better understand how climate change may directly and indirectly alter soil ecosystem functioning, we investigated old-field plant community and soil ecosystem responses to single and combined effects of elevated [CO2], warming, and water availability. Specifically, we collected soils at the plot level (plant community soils), and beneath dominant plant species (plant-specific soils). We used microbial enzyme activities and soil nematodes as indicators for soil ecosystem functioning. Our study resulted in two main findings: 1) Overall, while there were some interactions, water, relative to increases in [CO2] and warming, had the largest impact on plant community composition, soil enzyme activities, and soil nematodes. Multiple climate change factors can interact to shape ecosystems, but in this case, those interactions were largely driven by changes in water availability. 2) Indirect effects of climate change, via changes in plant communities, had a significant impact on soil ecosystem functioning and this impact was not obvious when looking at plant community soils. Climate change effects on enzyme activities and soil nematode abundance and community structure strongly differed between plant community soils and plant-specific soils, but also within plant-specific soils. In sum, these results indicate that accurate assessments of climate change impacts on soil ecosystem functioning require incorporating the concurrent changes in plant function and plant community composition. Climate change-induced shifts in plant community composition will likely modify or counteract the direct impact of climate change on soil ecosystem functioning, and hence, these indirect effects should be taken into account when predicting how climate change will alter ecosystem functioning.
Kardol, Paul [ORNL; Cregger, Melissa [ORNL; Campany, Courtney E [ORNL; Classen, Aimee T [ORNL
Integrated Estimates of Global Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
Assessing the contribution of terrestrial carbon sequestration to international climate change mitigation requires integration across scientific and disciplinary boundaries. As part of a scenario analysis for the US Climate Change Technology Program, measurements and geographic data were used to develop terrestrial carbon sequestration estimates for agricultural soil carbon, reforestation and pasture management. These estimates were then applied in the MiniCAM integrated assessment model to evaluate mitigation strategies within policy and technology scenarios aimed at achieving atmospheric CO2 stabilization by 2100. Adoption of terrestrial sequestration practices is based on competition for land and economic markets for carbon. Terrestrial sequestration reach a peak combined rate of 0.5 to 0.7 Gt carbon yr-1 in mid-century with contributions from agricultural soil (0.21 Gt carbon yr-1), reforestation (0.31 Gt carbon yr-1) and pasture (0.15 Gt carbon yr-1). Sequestration rates vary over time period and with different technology and policy scenarios. The combined contribution of terrestrial sequestration over the next century ranges from 31 to 41 GtC. The contribution of terrestrial sequestration to mitigation is highest early in the century, reaching up to 20% of total carbon mitigation. This analysis provides insight into the behavior of terrestrial carbon mitigation options in the presence and absence of climate change mitigation policies.
Thomson, Allison M.; Izaurralde, R Cesar; Smith, Steven J.; Clarke, Leon E.
Progress report on terrestrial model development (TERRA and HABITAT): Research in support of the CERES earth system modeling project
Although there is only a developing understanding of the many processes affecting and coupling the atmosphere, oceans, and land systems of the earth, we are embarked on an effort to construct a prototype model (CERES) of the full Earth system. As part of this effort, we have proposed to the EPA to construct an Earth System Framework for the CERES model that supports flexible, modular development, coupling, and replacement of Earth System submodel components. This project has two specific areas of study. These areas are (1) the terrestrial contribution to the biogeochemical cycling and (2) the interactions of climate and the land ecosystems. The objectives of these two areas of study are: development of a globally distributed model of terrestrial ecosystem productivity, linking model to the submodels, using coupled system to explore biogeochemical cycles, exploration of greenhouse effect, development of models of surface, and the study of the dynamics of climate change and vegetation response.
Kercher, J.R.; Axelrod, M.C.; Amthor, J.S. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Chambers, J.Q. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)]|[California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences
PCOR Terrestrial Field Validation Test PCOR Terrestrial Field Validation Test 1 FACT SHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST Partnership Name Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership - Phase II Contacts: DOE/NETL Project Mgr. Name Organization E-Mail Darin Damiani, U.S. Department of Energy, email@example.com Principal Investigator Edward Steadman Field Test Information: Field Test Name PCOR Terrestrial Field Validation Test Test Location North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Iowa Amount and Source of CO 2 Tons N/A Source Atmospheric CO 2 Ducks Unlimited, Inc. U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Field Test Partners (Primary Sponsors) North Dakota State University
Climate & Environmental Sciences | Clean Energy | ORNL
Climate Change Science Institute Earth and Aquatic Sciences Ecosystem Science Environmental Data Science and Systems Energy, Water and Ecosystem Engineering Human Health Risk and Environmental Analysis Renewable Energy Systems Manufacturing Fossil Energy Sensors & Measurement Sustainable Electricity Systems Biology Transportation Clean Energy Home | Science & Discovery | Clean Energy | Research Areas | Climate & Environment SHARE Climate and Environmental Sciences Scientists Scott Brooks and Carrie Miller collect water quality data, East Fork Poplar Creek, November 15, 2012. Sampling site for mercury. Climate and environmental scientists at ORNL conduct research, develop technology and perform analyses to understand and predict how environmental systems respond to global and regional changes - including
DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration | Department of Energy
Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration DOE Manual Studies Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration January 18, 2011 - 12:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - There is considerable opportunity and growing technical sophistication to make terrestrial carbon sequestration both practical and effective, according to the latest carbon capture and storage (CCS) "best practices" manual issued by the U.S. Department of Energy. Best Practices for Terrestrial Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide details the most suitable operational approaches and techniques for terrestrial sequestration, a carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation strategy capable of removing CO2 already in the air. Consequently, terrestrial sequestration, which uses photosynthesis - part of the natural carbon cycle - to create
Tenure-Track Position in Climate Change Science Terrestrial Biogeochemistry
change. For example, a candidate may focus on connections between soil- and vegetation-related greenhouse gas emissions or carbon sequestration with changes in land use, cover and management. This "open
Angenent, Lars T.
GR Focus Review Impacts of global warming on Permo-Triassic terrestrial ecosystems
and the Karoo (Chumakov and Zharkov, 2003; Royer et al., 2004). 4.3. Numerical climate models The peculiar plate Basin, eastern South America (7) Karoo, South Africa, (8) Satpura/Raniganj basins, central India, (9-humid basins such as the Karoo (Smith, 1995) or the south Urals (Newell et al., 1999), brown overbank mudstones
Benton, Michael
The Influence of Aquatic vs. Terrestrial Production on Soil Invertebrate Communities in a Floodplain Ecosystem
Clinton�s research focused on the role of freshwater algae.Large mats of algae often grow in stagnant shallow pools ofsubstantiated, is that algae effectively are the �leaf
Clinton, Sandra M.
land surface modeling with enhanced consideration of soil hydraulic properties and terrestrial ecosystems .
??This thesis research consists of two separate studies. The first study presents the assessment and representation of the effects of soil macropores on the soil� (more)
Liu, Qing
A global analysis of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems
Soil microbes play a pivotal role in regulating land-atmosphere interactions; the soil microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and C:N:P stoichiometry are important regulators for soil biogeochemical processes; however, the current knowledge on magnitude, stoichiometry, storage, and spatial distribution of global soil microbial biomass C, N, and P is limited. In this study, 3087 pairs of data points were retrieved from 281 published papers and further used to summarize the magnitudes and stoichiometries of C, N, and P in soils and soil microbial biomass at global- and biome-levels. Finally, global stock and spatial distribution of microbial biomass C and N in 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm soil profiles were estimated. The results show that C, N, and P in soils and soil microbial biomass vary substantially across biomes; the fractions of soil nutrient C, N, and P in soil microbial biomass are 1.6% in a 95% confidence interval of (1.5%-1.6%), 2.9% in a 95% confidence interval of (2.8%-3.0%), and 4.4% in a 95% confidence interval of (3.9%-5.0%), respectively. The best estimates of C:N:P stoichiometries for soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass are 153:11:1, and 47:6:1, respectively, at global scale, and they vary in a wide range among biomes. Vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass follows the distribution of roots up to 1 m depth. The global stock of soil microbial biomass C and N were estimated to be 15.2 Pg C and 2.3 Pg N in the 0-30 cm soil profiles, and 21.2 Pg C and 3.2 Pg N in the 0-100 cm soil profiles. We did not estimate P in soil microbial biomass due to data shortage and insignificant correlation with soil total P and climate variables. The spatial patterns of soil microbial biomass C and N were consistent with those of soil organic C and total N, i.e. high density in northern high latitude, and low density in low latitudes and southern hemisphere.
Xu, Xiaofeng [ORNL; Thornton, Peter E [ORNL; Post, Wilfred M [ORNL
Interactions of Water and Energy Mediate Responses of High-Latitude Terrestrial Ecosystems to Climate Change
referred to as �phase change�) and ice physics; (3)2.8.1). 220.127.116.11 Phase Change and Ice in the Lake Body Theany time ice occurs below water after phase change has been
Subin, Zachary Marc
Quantification of and Controls on Dinitrogen and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Terrestrial Ecosystems
and then 100 g was weighed into each sample jar (490 mL).The jars were sealed on viton gaskets with aluminum lidssepta for gas sampling. The jars were flushed with N 2 for
Yang, Wendy Hui-I
Terrestrial Field Validation Test Terrestrial Field Validation Test 1 FACT SHEET FOR PARTNERSHIP FIELD VALIDATION TEST Partnership Name Plains CO 2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership - Phase II Contacts: DOE/NETL Project Mgr. Name Organization E-Mail Andrea McNemar, U.S. Department of Energy, email@example.com Principal Investigator Edward Steadman Field Test Information: Field Test Name Terrestrial Field Validation Test Test Location North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Iowa Amount and Source of CO 2 Tons N/A Source Atmospheric CO 2 Field Test Partners (Primary Sponsors) Ducks Unlimited, Inc. U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center North Dakota State University Summary of Field Test Site and Operations:
Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system: from past to future
The terrestrial biosphere plays a major role in the regulation of atmospheric composition, and hence climate, through multiple interlinked biogeochemical cycles (BGC). Ice-core and other palaeoenvironmental records show a fast response of vegetation cover and exchanges with the atmosphere to past climate change, although the phasing of these responses reflects spatial patterning and complex interactions between individual biospheric feedbacks. Modern observations show a similar responsiveness of terrestrial biogeochemical cycles to anthropogenically-forced climate changes and air pollution, with equally complex feedbacks. For future conditions, although carbon cycle-climate interactions have been a major focus, other BGC feedbacks could be as important in modulating climate changes. The additional radiative forcing from terrestrial BGC feedbacks other than those conventionally attributed to the carbon cycle is in the range of 0.6 to 1.6 Wm{sup -2}; all taken together we estimate a possible maximum of around 3 Wm{sup -2} towards the end of the 21st century. There are large uncertainties associated with these estimates but, given that the majority of BGC feedbacks result in a positive forcing because of the fundamental link between metabolic stimulation and increasing temperature, improved quantification of these feedbacks and their incorporation in earth system models is necessary in order to develop coherent plans to manage ecosystems for climate mitigation.
Arneth, A.; Harrison, S. P.; Zaehle, S.; Tsigaridis, K; Menon, S; Bartlein, P.J.; Feichter, J; Korhola, A; Kulmala, M; O'Donnell, D; Schurgers, G; Sorvari, S; Vesala, T
Kootenai River Floodplain Ecosystem Operational Loss Assessment, Protection, Mitigation and Rehabilitation, 2007-2008 Annual Report.
The overarching goals of the 'Kootenai River Floodplain Ecosystem Operational Loss Assessment, Protection, Mitigation and Rehabilitation' Project (BPA Project No.2002-011-00) are to: (1) assess abiotic and biotic factors (i.e., geomorphologic, hydrological, aquatic and riparian/floodplain communities) in determining a definitive composition of ecological integrity, (2) develop strategies to assess and mitigate losses of ecosystem functions, and (3) produce a regional operational loss assessment framework. To produce a scientifically defensible, repeatable, and complete assessment tool, KTOI assembled a team of top scientists in the fields of hydrology, hydraulics, ornithology, entomology, statistics, and river ecology, among other expertise. This advisory team is known as the Research Design and Review Team (RDRT). The RDRT scientists drive the review, selection, and adaptive management of the research designs to evaluate the ecologic functions lost due to the operation of federal hydropower facilities. The unique nature of this project (scientific team, newest/best science, adaptive management, assessment of ecological functions, etc.) has been to work in a dynamic RDRT process. In addition to being multidisciplinary, this model KTOI project provides a stark contrast to the sometimes inflexible process (review, re-review, budgets, etc.) of the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program. The project RDRT is assembled annually, with subgroups meeting as needed throughout the year to address project issues, analyses, review, and interpretation. Activities of RDRT coordinated and directed the selection of research and assessment methodologies appropriate for the Kootenai River Watershed and potential for regional application in the Columbia River Basin. The entire RDRT continues to meet annually to update and discuss project progress. RDRT Subcontractors work in smaller groups throughout the year to meet project objectives. Determining the extent to which ecological systems are experiencing anthropogenic disturbance and change in structure and function is critical for long term conservation of biotic diversity in the face of changing landscapes and land use. KTOI and the RDRT propose a concept based on incorporating hydrologic, aquatic, and terrestrial components into an operations-based assessment framework to assess ecological losses as shown in Figure E-1.
Merz, Norm [Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
Terrestrial applications of bifacial photovoltaic solar panels
Bifacial Photovoltaic solar cells (so-called transparent bifacial photovoltaic solar cells) offer additional absorption by rear side, which is a significant advantage over ordinary Photovoltaic solar cells. A range of experiments have been done on bifacial ... Keywords: absorption, panels, photovoltaic, solar cells, terrestrial
P. Ooshaksaraei; R. Zulkifli; S. H. Zaidi; M. Alghoul; A. Zaharim; K. Sopian
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Dynamics under Recent and Future Climate Change
The behavior of the terrestrial carbon cycle under historical and future climate change is examined using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, now coupled to a dynamic terrestrial vegetation and global carbon cycle model. When ...
H. Damon Matthews; Andrew J. Weaver; Katrin J. Meissner
Science Afternoons
Science Afternoon: From Invention to Marketplace. Science Afternoon: Focus on ... Understand It? Science Afternoons. To continue ...
Metric Selection for Ecosystem Restoration
managers identify the best metrics to evaluate and select the recommended restoration plan, monitor and assess progress toward achieving project objectives, and, if necessary, inform adaptive management decisions. Performance metrics, or measurable system components used to estimate and track the state of critical aspects of the project, are often the basis for project decision making and furthering scientific understanding. As such, ecosystem restoration planners should take time to carefully select an appropriate and effective metric set. To help planners with this task, this technical note accomplishes the following: 1. Reviews current USACE ecosystem restoration planning and monitoring policy, regulations and guidelines. 2. Explains the importance of metric selection and its roles during planning and post-construction monitoring and assessment. 3. Reviews common options for identifying and selecting metrics including conceptual modeling, historical precedence, and best professional judgment. 4. Presents two metric evaluation methods, screening and multi-criteria decision analysis. 5. Discusses metric application to ecosystem restoration project planning and monitoring.
Matteo Convertino; Kelsie Baker; Connie Lu; John T. Vogel; Kyle Mckay; Igor Linkov
Integrating Ecosystem Sampling, Gradient Modeling, Remote Sensing, and Ecosystem Simulation to Create Spatially Explicit Landscape Inventories
ecosystem sampling, gradient modeling, remote sensing, and ecosystem simulation to create spatially explicit landscape inventories. RMRS-GTR-92. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department
United States; Forest Service; Robert E. Keane; Matthew G. Rollins; Cecilia H. Mcnicoll; Russell A. Parsons Abstract
Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration November 6-7, 2001 Lexington, Kentucky Robert Addington AEI Incorporated 2000 Ashland Drive Ashland, KY 41101 Phone: 606-928-3433 Email: email@example.com Jim Amonette MSIN K8-96 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352 Phone: 509-3765565 Email: email@example.com Patrick Angel Area Office Manager U.S. Department of Interior Office of Surface Mining P.O. Box 1048 London, KY 40741 Phone: 606-878-6440 Email: email@example.com Hugh Archer Commissioner Kentucky Dept of Natural Resources 663 Teton Trail Frankfort, KY 40601 Phone: 502-564-2184 Email: email@example.com Victor Badaker Mining Engineering Dept. University of Kentucky MML Bldg. Lexington, KY 40546 Phone: 859-257-3818
Method for identifying anomalous terrestrial heat flows
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A method for locating and mapping the magnitude and extent of terrestrial heat-flow anomalies from 5 to 50 times average with a tenfold improved sensitivity over orthodox applications of aerial temperature-sensing surveys as used for geothermal reconnaissance. The method remotely senses surface temperature anomalies such as occur from geothermal resources or oxidizing ore bodies by: measuring the spectral, spatial, statistical, thermal, and temporal features characterizing infrared radiation emitted by natural terrestrial surfaces; deriving from these measurements the true surface temperature with uncertainties as small as 0.05 to 0.5 K; removing effects related to natural temperature variations of topographic, hydrologic, or meteoric origin, the surface composition, detector noise, and atmospheric conditions; factoring out the ambient normal-surface temperature for non-thermally enhanced areas surveyed under otherwise identical environmental conditions; distinguishing significant residual temperature enhancements characteristic of anomalous heat flows and mapping the extent and magnitude of anomalous heat flows where they occur.
Del Grande, Nancy Kerr (San Leandro, CA)
Materials Science
Materials Science science-innovationassetsimagesicon-science.jpg Materials Science National security depends on science and technology. The United States relies on Los Alamos...
Berkeley Lab Earth Sciences Division - Research - Programs - Climate &
research > programs > climate_carbon_sciences research > programs > climate_carbon_sciences Climate & Carbon Sciences Program Research Areas The Carbon Cycle Better Models for Robust Climate Projection Climate Science for a Sustainable Energy Future Projects Contacts Facilities & Centers Publications Climate & Carbon Sciences Program Climate & Carbon Sciences Program The global carbon cycle strongly regulates earth's climate, while anthropogenic disturbance of the carbon cycle is the main cause of current and predicted climate change. At the same time, humans depend on the terrestrial carbon cycle for food, fiber, energy, and pharmaceuticals. The Climate and Carbon Sciences Program of the Earth Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory encompasses both atmospheric and
Innovation Ecosystem Initiative - Home - Energy Innovation Portal
Innovation Ecosystem Initiative. In September 2010, the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) ...
Innovation Ecosystem Initiative - EERE Commercialization Office
BNL | Carbon Cycle Science
The Carbon Cycle Science & Technology Group aims to increase understanding The Carbon Cycle Science & Technology Group aims to increase understanding of the impacts of global change on managed and unmanaged ecosystems and improve knowledge of possible global change mitigation approaches. The group has three main focus areas. FACE Climate Change Experimental Facility Design and Management The CCS&T group is an internationally recognized leader in the development of Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) research facilities. We are interested in the design and management of manipulative experiments that examine the effects of carbon dioxide, ozone, other atmospheric pollutants, temperature and precipitation on natural and managed ecosystems. FACE Plant Physiology and High Throughput Biochemical Phenotyping At FACE facilities we have studied the mechanisms that underlie the
Consideration of Ecosystem for ICME
As the Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) emerges as a hot topic, computation, experimentation, and digital database are identified as its three major components. Efforts are being actively made from various aspects to bring ICME to reality. However, many factors that would affect ICEM development still remain vague. This paper is an attempt to discuss the needs for establishing a database centered ecosystem to facilitate ICEM development.
Ren, Weiju [ORNL
Why sequence archaea in a terrestrial subsurface aquifer?
genome sequencing. Principal Investigators: Wen-Tso Liu, University of Illinois Program: CSP 2011 Home > Sequencing > Why sequence archaea in a terrestrial subsurface aquifer...
Definition, Capabilities, and Components of a Terrestrial Carbon Monitoring System
Research efforts for effectively and consistently monitoring terrestrial carbon are increasing in number. As such, there is a need to define carbon monitoring and how it relates to carbon cycle science and carbon management. There is also a need to identify intended capabilities of a carbon monitoring system and what system components are needed to develop the capabilities. This paper is intended to promote discussion on what capabilities are needed in a carbon monitoring system based on requirements for different areas of carbon-related research and, ultimately, for carbon management. While many methods exist to quantify different components of the carbon cycle, research is needed on how these methods can be coupled or integrated to obtain carbon stock and flux estimates regularly and at a resolution that enables attribution of carbon dynamics to respective sources. As society faces sustainability and climate change conerns, carbon management activities implemented to reduce carbon emissions or increase carbon stocks will become increasingly important. Carbon management requires moderate to high resolution monitoring. Therefore, if monitoring is intended to help inform management decisions, management priorities should be considered prior to development of a monitoring system.
West, Tristram O.; Brown, Molly E.; Duran, Riley M.; Ogle, Stephen; Moss, Richard H.
Findiing Science with Science Page 1 Finding Science with Science
Findiing Science with Science Page 1 Finding Science with Science: Evaluating the Use Stojanovicd , Femke Reitsmae , Lukasz Korczynskif and Boyan Brodaricg a Centre for Geospatial Science of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; e Department of Geography, University
Stock, Kristin
Advanced Stirling conversion systems for terrestrial applications
Sandia National Laboratories (SNLA) is developing heat engines for terrestrial Solar distributed Heat Receivers. SNLA has identified the Stirling to be one of the most promising candidates for the terrestrial applications. The free-piston Stirling engine (FPSE) has the potential to meet the DOE goals for both performance and cost. Free-piston Stirling activities which are directed toward a dynamic power source for the space application are being conducted. Space power system requirements include high efficiency, very long life, high reliability and low vibration. The FPSE has the potential for future high power space conversion systems, either solar or nuclear powered. Generic free-piston technology is currently being developed for use with a residential heat pump under an Interagency Agreement. Also, an overview is presented of proposed conceptual designs for the Advanced Stirling Conversion System (ASCS) using a free-piston Stirling engine and a liquid metal heat pipe receiver. Power extraction includes both a linear alternator and hydraulic output capable of delivering approximately 25 kW of electrical power to the electric utility grid. Target cost of the engine/alternator is 300 dollars per kilowatt at a manufacturing rate of 10,000 units per year. The design life of the ASCS is 60,000 h (30 y) with an engine overhaul at 40,000 h (20 y). Also discussed are the key features and characteristics of the ASCS conceptual designs.
Shaltens, R.K.
NETL: Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration
Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration A "Hands-On" Workshop for the Appalachian Coal & Electric Utilities Industries Table of Contents Disclaimer General Conference Information Papers and Presentations Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government or any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Marine Microbial Ecosystems: Not as Simple as Once Thought | U.S. DOE
Marine Microbial Ecosystems: Not as Simple as Once Thought Marine Microbial Ecosystems: Not as Simple as Once Thought Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC) News & Resources Contact Information Biological and Environmental Research U.S. Department of Energy SC-23/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3251 F: (301) 903-5051 E: firstname.lastname@example.com More Information » October 2012 Marine Microbial Ecosystems: Not as Simple as Once Thought Low abundance microbes may do more than their share of carbon cycling in the ocean. Print Text Size: A A A Subscribe FeedbackShare Page
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A mechanism of abiotic immobilization of nitrate in forest ecosystems: the ferrous wheel hypothesis
and abiological processes, but the reducing power of plant- derived organic matter may build up over seasons often limits rates of plant growth, increased N inputs could affect several ecosystem pro- cesses Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA, {Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental
Chorover, Jon
Microbial ecology of terrestrial Antarctica: Are microbial systems at risk from human activities?
Many of the ecological systems found in continental Antarctica are comprised entirely of microbial species. Concerns have arisen that these microbial systems might be at risk either directly through the actions of humans or indirectly through increased competition from introduced species. Although protection of native biota is covered by the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, strict measures for preventing the introduction on non-native species or for protecting microbial habitats may be impractical. This report summarizes the research conducted to date on microbial ecosystems in continental Antarctica and discusses the need for protecting these ecosystems. The focus is on communities inhabiting soil and rock surfaces in non-coastal areas of continental Antarctica. Although current polices regarding waste management and other operations in Antarctic research stations serve to reduce the introduction on non- native microbial species, importation cannot be eliminated entirely. Increased awareness of microbial habitats by field personnel and protection of certain unique habitats from physical destruction by humans may be necessary. At present, small-scale impacts from human activities are occurring in certain areas both in terms of introduced species and destruction of habitat. On a large scale, however, it is questionable whether the introduction of non-native microbial species to terrestrial Antarctica merits concern.
White, G.J.
China-US Collaborative Research on Life in Terrestrial
Symposium: China-US Collaborative Research on Life in Terrestrial Geothermal Springs Information, Agenda, and Abstracts June 26-28, 2013, Kunming, China #12;Symposium: China-US Collaborative Research on Life in Terrestrial Geothermal Springs Kunming, China June 26-28, 2013 Information, Agenda
Ahmad, Sajjad
Quality assessment of GPS reprocessed terrestrial reference frame
The International GNSS Service (IGS) contributes to the construction of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) by submitting time series of station positions and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP). For the first time, its submission to the ... Keywords: GNSS, Geocenter motion, Loading, Systematic errors, Terrestrial reference frames
Xavier Collilieux; Laurent M�tivier; Zuheir Altamimi; Tonie Dam; Jim Ray
Ecosystem-based Management of Pacific Tunas
Ecosystem-based management is fast becoming the way to solve all the nation's fishery problems. It will rebuild fish stocks, eliminate bycatch, and halt habitat destruction; it will fix jurisdictional mismatches and encourage community participation; it will satisfy environmentalists and please fishermen. These are lofty expectations for a concept that few can explain. However, managers are still if it applies to all fisheries. To resolve this, I examined ecosystem-based management in the context of the United State�s yellowfin and bigeye fisheries and suggested ecosystem-based approaches to managing this fishery. EBM is the management of human behavior in a way that maintains healthy and productive ecosystems for present and future generations. Its main themes include: maintaining ecological integrity, matching ecological and governance boundaries, and recognizing humans as a part of the ecosystem. Using ecosystem approaches to management offers several benefits to fisheries managers, including: a tool to address non-fishing related causes for declining fisheries,
Lia Protopapadakis
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS
Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model Agency/Company /Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Centro de Energías Renovables (CER), United States Department of Energy Sector: Energy Focus Area: Solar Resource Type: Software/modeling tools, Webinar, Training materials References: Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model[1] Logo: Webinar-Terrestrial Solar Spectral Modeling for Renewable Energy: SMARTS Model Webinar Video SMARTSwebinar.JPG Announcement " Monday, December 6, 2010 11-12 a.m. Golden, CO 1-2 p.m., Washington, D.C. 3-4 p.m., Santiago, Chile
A Brief Review of the Application of 14C in Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Studies
An over-arching goal of the DOE TCP program is to understand the mechanistic controls over the fate, transport, and residence time of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. Many of the modern process and modeling studies focus on seasonal to interannual variability. However, much of the carbon on the landscape and in soils is in separate reservoirs with turnover times that are multi-decadal to millennial. It is the controls on these longer term pools or reservoirs that is a critical unknown in the face of rising GHGs and climate change and uncertainties of the terrestrial biosphere as a future global sink or source of atmospheric CO{sub 2} [eg., Friedlingstein et al., 2006; Govindasamy et al., 2005; Thompson et al., 2004]. Radiocarbon measurements, in combination with other data, can provide insight into, and constraints on, terrestrial carbon cycling. Radiocarbon (t{sub 1/2} 5730yrs) is produced naturally in the stratosphere when secondary neutrons generated by cosmic rays collide with {sup 14}N atoms [Libby 1946; Arnold and Libby, 1949]. Upon formation, {sup 14}C is rapidly oxidized to CO and then to CO{sub 2}, and is incorporated into the carbon cycle. Due to anthropogenic activities, the amount of {sup 14}C in the atmosphere doubled in the mid/late 1950s and early 1960s from its preindustrial value of {sup 14}C/{sup 12}C ratio of 1.18 x 10{sup -12} [eg., Nydal and Lovseth, 1983]. Following the atmospheric weapons test ban in 1963, the {sup 14}C/{sup 12}C ratio, has decreased due to the net isotopic exchange between the ocean and terrestrial biosphere [eg., Levin and Hessheimer, 2000] and a dilution effect due to the burning of {sup 14}C-free fossil fuel carbon, the 'Suess Effect' [Suess, 1955]. In the carbon cycle literature, radiocarbon measurements are generally reported as {Delta}{sup 14}C, which includes a correction for mass dependent fractionation [Stuiver and Polach, 1977]. In the context of carbon cycle studies radiocarbon measurements can be used to determine the 'age' and rate of change of carbon stocks or as a biogeochemical tracer to elucidate processes and pathways. It is this dual nature that can be exploited across scales in space (individual plant, plot or research site, ecosystem, regional, and global) and time (days to millennia). For example, across regional scales, {Delta}{sup 14}C measurements of atmosphere CO{sub 2} can be used to attribute carbon dioxide to sources (e.g., respiration vs. fossil fuel emissions) or sinks ( e.g,. photosynthesis), which cannot be readily inferred from concentration, net flux measurements, or {delta}{sup 13}CO{sub 2} [eg. Graven et al., 2009; Levin and Hessheimer, 2000; Turnbull et al., 2007]. At smaller scales, similar analyses can be used to elucidate the source, and 'age' of the below ground component undergoing heterotrophic respiration. Net (biome or ecosystem) uptake of carbon is the difference of two large fluxes: photosynthesis and respiration. Carbon fixation by photosynthesis is, to a large extent, a single process with theoretical underpinnings. On the other-hand, net ecosystem or biome respiration integrates microbial (heterotrophic) and plant (autotrophic) respiration. Eddy covariance methods can be used to estimate bulk CO{sub 2} fluxes but they cannot discriminate the process nor the source of the respired CO{sub 2}. It is these processes that are parameterized in predictive models and contribute to the uncertainty in the climate forcing effect of the carbon cycle in the future [Friedlingstein et al., 2006; Heimann and Reichstein, 2008].
Guilderson, T; Mcfarlane, K
Materials Science. Summary: ... Description: Group focus in materials science (inkjet metrology, micro-macro, advanced characterizations). ...
Innovation Ecosystem Initiative. In September 2010, the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Commercialization Team ...
Regional Estimates of Net Ecosystem-Atmosphere Exchange of Carbon Dioxide over a Heterogeneous Ecosystem.
??The net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 (NEE) is estimated over a mixed forest ecosystem in the 40�40km2 region centered at the WLEF tall tower in� (more)
Wang, Weiguo
First Biennial Marine Ecosystem Health Program Science Symposium
or threatened populations of herring. (Not Presented)and populations of salmon, herring, cod, and rockfish haveSurf smelt, sand lance, and herring all were known to spawn
Gilardi, Kirsten V.K.; Gaydos, Joseph K.
D.C. : National Academy Press. Oil Spill Commission. 2011.Deep water: the Gulf oil disaster and the future of offshoreon the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling.
Coast Shelf Sci 86:1-20. [NRC] National Research Council.National Academy Press. [NRC] National Research Council.reliance on the models (NRC 2011). Instead, the adaptive
SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences
SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg distribution and its relationship with soil water and salt under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang of China of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Received July 8, 2010; accepted
Assessing Carbon Dynamics in Semiarid Ecosystems: Balancing Potential Gains with Potential Large Rapid Losses
Assessing Carbon Dynamics in Semiarid Ecosystems: Assessing Carbon Dynamics in Semiarid Ecosystems: Balancing Potential Gains With Potential Large Rapid Losses David D. Breshears (email@example.com; 505-665-2803) Environmental Dynamics and Spatial Analysis Group (EES-10), Mail Stop J495 Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 Michael H. Ebinger (firstname.lastname@example.com, 505-667-4417) Environmental Dynamics and Spatial Analysis Group (EES-10), Mail Stop J495 Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 Pat J. Unkefer (firstname.lastname@example.com, 505-665-2803) Biosciences Division, BS-1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 Craig D. Allen (firstname.lastname@example.com, 505-672-3861, Ext. 541) U. S. Geological Survey, Midcontinent Ecological Science Center
Euzone: Simulating the evolution of aquatic ecosystems
In the spirit of contemporary artificial life research, EUZONE provides a virtual laboratory for the emergence of complex ecosystems from simple primitives. However, whereas most alife systems abstract away many real-world environmental constraints, ... Keywords: Gaia theory, ecosystem evolution, genetic algorithms, genetic programming, plankton
Keith Downing
Treating business dimension in software ecosystems
Software Ecosystems (SECOs) have emerged as an approach to improve Software Engineering (SE) in industry considering relations among companies and stakeholders. Companies have opened up their platforms and artifacts to others, including partners and ... Keywords: component-based software engineering, software ecosystems, software reuse, value-based software engineering
Rodrigo Pereira dos Santos; Cl�udia Werner
Isotope powered Stirling generator for terrestrial applications
An electric power supply, small enough to be man-portable, is being developed for remote, terrestrial applications. This system is designed for an operating lifetime of five years without maintenance or refueling. A small Radioisotope Stirling Generator (RSG) has been developed. The energy source of the generator is a 60 watt plutonium-238 fuel clad used in the General Purpose Heat Sources (GPHS) developed for space applications. A free piston Stirling Engine drives a linear alternator to convert the heat to power. The system weighs about 7.5 kg and produces 11 watts AC power with a conversion efficiency of 18.5%. Two engine models have been designed, fabricated, and tested to date: (a) a developmental model instrumented to confirm and test parameters, and (b) an electrically heated model with an electrical heater equipped power input leads. Critical components have been tested for 10,000 to 20,000 hours. One complete generator has been operating for over 11,000 hours. Radioisotope heated prototypes are expected to be fabricated and tested in late 1995.
Tingey, G.L.; Sorensen, G.C. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Ross, B.A. [Stirling Technology Co., Richland, WA (United States)
Science Highlights
Science Highlights Science Highlights Print Science Highlights Featured scientific research based on publications resulting from work done at the ALS. Highlights are nominated by...
131Cognitive Science COGNITIVE SCIENCE
131Cognitive Science COGNITIVE SCIENCE PROFESSOR ELMES* MAJOR A major in cognitive science leading courses: Cognitive Science 110, 395, 403, 473; Computer Science 111, 211; Philosophy 106, 313; Psychology Science: Com- puter Science 295 (LISP, PROLOG or C), 313, 315; Psychology 207 b. Philosophical Foundations
Marsh, David
DOE Regional Partnership Successfully Demonstrates Terrestrial CO2 Storage
Successfully Demonstrates Terrestrial CO2 Successfully Demonstrates Terrestrial CO2 Storage Practices in Great Plains Region of U.S. and Canada DOE Regional Partnership Successfully Demonstrates Terrestrial CO2 Storage Practices in Great Plains Region of U.S. and Canada August 19, 2010 - 1:00pm Addthis Washington, DC - A field test demonstrating the best approaches for terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in the heartland of North America has been successfully completed by one of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs). The Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership , a collaboration of over 80 U.S. and Canadian stakeholders, conducted the field test at sites in the Prairie Pothole Region, extending from central Iowa into Northern Alberta,
What is the Potential for Carbon Sequestration by the Terrestrial...
What is the Potential for Carbon Sequestration by the Terrestrial Biosphere? Roger C. Dahlman 1 , Gary K. Jacobs 2 , and F. Blaine Metting, Jr. 2 This paper highlights some of...
Central Market: A Study of Architecture as Ecosystem.
??The city functions as an Urban Ecosystem. As buildings are primary components of this system, each structure must appropriate its environment for the Urban Ecosystem� (more)
Scali, Emily Genia
Terrestrial carbon cycle dynamics under recent and future climate change
The behavior of the terrestrial carbon cycle under historical and future climate change is examined using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, now coupled to a dynamic terrestrial vegetation and global carbon cycle model. When forced by historical emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuels and land-use change, the coupled climate�carbon cycle model accurately reproduces historical atmospheric CO 2 trends, as well as terrestrial and oceanic uptake for the past two decades. Under six twenty-first-century CO 2 emissions scenarios, both terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks continue to increase, though terrestrial uptake slows in the latter half of the century. Climate�carbon cycle feedbacks are isolated by comparing a coupled model run with a run where climate and the carbon cycle are uncoupled. The modeled positive feedback between the carbon cycle and climate is found to be relatively small, resulting in an increase in simulated CO 2 of 60 ppmv at the year 2100. Including non-CO 2 greenhouse gas forcing and increasing the model�s climate sensitivity increase the effect of this feedback to 140 ppmv. The UVic model does not, however, simulate a switch from a terrestrial carbon sink to a source during the twenty-first century, as earlier studies have suggested. This can be explained by a lack of substantial reductions in simulated vegetation productivity due to climate changes. 1.
H. Damon Matthews; Andrew J. Weaver; Katrin; J. Meissner
TERMOD 2; an interactive code for analysing intake of radionuclides by man through terrestrial pathways
Zach, R
Impact of elevated CO2 on a Florida Scrub-oak Ecosystems
Since May of 1996, we have conducted an experiment in Florida Scrub Oak to determine the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 and climate change on carbon, water, and nutrient cycling in this important terrestrial ecosystem. Florida scrub oak is the name for a collective of species occupying much of the Florida peninsula. The dominant tree species are oaks and the dwarf structure of this community makes it an excellent system in which to test hypotheses regarding the potential capacity of woody ecosystems to assimilate and sequester anthropogenic carbon. Scrub oak is fire dependent with a return cycle of 10-15 years, a time which would permit an experiment to follow the entire cycle. Our site is located on Cape Canaveral at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. After burning in 1995, we built 16 open top chambers, half of which have been fumigated with pure CO2 sufficient to raise the concentration around the plants to 350 ppm above ambient. In the intervening 10 years we have non destructively measured biomass of shoots and roots, ecosystem gas exchange using chambers and eddy flux, leaf photosynthesis and respiration, soil respiration, and relevant environmental factors such as soil water availability, temperature, light, etc. The overwhelming result from analysis of our extensive data base is that elevated CO2 has had a profound impact on this ecosystem that, overall, has resulted in increased carbon accumulation in plant shoots, roots and litter. Our measurements of net ecosystem gas exchange also indicate that the ecosystem has accumulated carbon much in excess of the increased biomass or soil carbon suggesting a substantial export of carbon through the porous, sandy soil into the water table several meters below the surface. A major discovery is the powerful interaction between the stimulation of growth, photosynthesis, and respiration by elevated CO2 and other environmental factors particularly precipitation and nitrogen. Our measurements focused attention on: stimulation of ecosystem gas exchange by elevated atmospheric CO2; the architecture and distribution of coarse roots using the novel approach of ground penetrating radar; mechanisms for the disturbance of soil carbon pools via the "priming" effect; and how interannual and seasonal variation in precipitation alters the physiological response of key species to elevated CO2. This project was a collaboration between research groups at the Smithsonian Institution, NASA, the Dynamac Corporation, Northern Arizona University, and Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia.
Drake, Bert G
Climate & Environment | More Science | ORNL
Climate & Environment Climate & Environment SHARE Climate and Environment Climate and environmental scientists at ORNL conduct research, develop technology and perform analyses to understand and predict how environmental systems respond to global and regional changes - including climate change, environmental stress and energy production and use. By integrating field and laboratory methods with new theory, modeling, data systems and policy analysis, we develop solutions to complex environmental challenges. ORNL has an increasing programmatic focus on climate change and subsurface biogeochemical research. Current priorities in the area of climate and environmental research are focused on understanding biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by creating new databases and models to inform
Integrated plant nutrient management on diversified cropping system in aqua-terrestrial ecosystem for yield potentiality, quality and rural sustainability
which makes it viable for the rural farming community.ICAR, DoLR, Ministry of Rural Development, and Govt. ofscatteredly utilized by the rural farming community for fish
Agronomic Management of Wetland Crops, published by Kalyanion these aquatic beneficial crops for obtaining higherof aquatic food and non-food crops in neglected way ( Puste,
Skipso - The Cleantech Ecosystem | Open Energy Information
Skipso - The Cleantech Ecosystem Skipso - The Cleantech Ecosystem Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Skipso - The Cleantech Ecosystem Name Skipso - The Cleantech Ecosystem Address 31 Theobals Road Place London, United Kingdom Number of employees 1-10 Year founded 2008 Phone number +447796276923 Website http://www.skipso.com Coordinates 51.5203543°, -0.117755° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":51.5203543,"lon":-0.117755,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
NPP and Driver Data for Ecosystem
EMDI Data Revised Data Set: NPP Multi-Biome: NPP and Driver Data for Ecosystem Model-Data Intercomparison Effective Date of Revision: June 17, 2004 Data Set Citation: Olson, R. J.,...
Pests Affecting the Ecosystems on the ORR
nest preda- tion on forest species such as the wood thrush increase. The nonnative fish on the ORR with the greatest negative ecosystem impacts are grass and common carp and...
Building virtual ecosystems from artificial chemistry
This paper adopts an interdisciplinary view of the significant elements of ecosystems and the methods by which these might be simulated to explore theoretical issues of relevance to Artificial Life and Ecology. Artificial Life has largely been concerned ...
Alan Dorin; Kevin B. Korb
Faculty of Science General Science
Faculty of Science General Science The General Science program gives you maximum flexibility to explore the sciences, plus the core requirements you need for on-going, specialized studies. www.uwindsor.ca/science Rigorous, Enriching Programs The BSc General Science program is a great way to explore your many interests
Wine Science Wine Sciencee Science
Wine Science Wine Sciencee Science Thomas Henick-Kling Professor of Enology Director of Viticulture & Enology Program #12;Wine Science Wine Science Growth of Washington Wine Industry #12;Wine Science Wine Science Wine Grapes utilized 2007 2008 2009 2010 WA 127,000 145,000 156,000 160,000 NY 24,000 26,000 30
Major World Ecosystem Complexes Ranked by Carbon in Live Vegetation: A
Major World Ecosystem Complexes Ranked by Carbon in Live Vegetation: A Major World Ecosystem Complexes Ranked by Carbon in Live Vegetation: A Database (NDP-017) DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/lue.ndp017 data Data Contributed Jerry S. Olson1, Julia A. Watts1, and Linda J. Allison1 1Work completed while a member of the Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Prepared by R.M. Cushman, D.P. Kaiser, S.B. Jones and L.M. Olsen. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center Environmental Sciences Division OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6290 Managed by University of Tennessee-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 Date Published: September, 1985 (Revised for the web: 2001) Please note that updated versions of this database are available. An updated database using the GLC2000 land cover product (ndp107b) is now
Science Conference Proceedings : About
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Science Conference Proceedings - Home Science Conference Proceedings - Home Science Conference Proceedings - About Science Conference Proceedings - Advanced Search Science...
A Bioenergy Ecosystem - ORNL Review Vol. 44, No. 3, 2011
Search Magazine Search Magazine Go Features Next Article Previous Article Comments Home Clyde Thurman A Bioenergy Ecosystem BESC partnerships translate R&D into biofuels Paul Gilna, director of the BioEnergy Science Center at ORNL, is a man on a mission. In fact his entire organization is working under a Department of Energy mandate to focus the world's leading scientific minds and resources on revolutionizing bioenergy production. When the center was created in 2007, this innovative partnership of national laboratories, a private research foundation, universities and industries set out to break down the barriers to developing viable and affordable biofuel alternatives to petroleum-based fuels from plants that do not compete with food crops, such as switchgrass or poplar trees. Four years into a five-year mission, they
Increases in atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration during the last 250 years are unequivocal, and CO{sub 2} will continue to increase at least for the next several decades (Houghton et al. 2001, Keeling & Whorf 2002). Arid ecosystems are some of the most important biomes globally on a land surface area basis, are increasing in area at an alarming pace (Dregne 1991), and have a strong coupling with regional climate (Asner & Heidebrecht 2005). These water-limited ecosystems also are predicted to be the most sensitive to elevated CO{sub 2}, in part because they are stressful environments where plant responses to elevated CO{sub 2} may be amplified (Strain & Bazzaz 1983). Indeed, all C{sub 3} species examined at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) have shown increased A{sub net} under elevated CO{sub 2} (Ellsworth et al. 2004, Naumburg et al. 2003, Nowak et al. 2004). Furthermore, increased shoot growth for individual species under elevated CO{sub 2} was spectacular in a very wet year (Smith et al. 2000), although the response in low to average precipitation years has been smaller (Housman et al. 2006). Increases in perennial cover and biomass at the NDFF are consistent with long term trends in the Mojave Desert and elsewhere in the Southwest, indicating C sequestration in woody biomass (Potter et al. 2006). Elevated CO{sub 2} also increases belowground net primary production (BNPP), with average increases of 70%, 21%, and 11% for forests, bogs, and grasslands, respectively (Nowak et al. 2004). Although detailed studies of elevated CO{sub 2} responses for desert root systems were virtually non-existent prior to our research, we anticipated that C sequestration may occur by desert root systems for several reasons. First, desert ecosystems exhibit increases in net photosynthesis and primary production at elevated CO{sub 2}. If large quantities of root litter enter the ecosystem at a time when most decomposers are inactive, significant quantities of carbon may be stored belowground in relatively recalcitrant forms. Indeed, a model-based analysis predicted that the arid/semiarid southwestern bioclimatic region had one of the highest rates of net carbon storage in the United States over the past century (Schimel et al. 2000). Second, root systems of desert plants are often extensive (Foxx et al. 1984, Hartle et al. 2006) with relatively large proportions of roots deep in the soil (Schenk & Jackson 2002). Thus, an understanding of belowground processes in desert ecosystems provides information on the potential for terrestrial carbon sequestration in desert ecosystems.
Nowak, Robert S.
Argonne Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Data from Batvia Prairie and Agricultural Sites
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Carbon dioxide fluxes and stocks in terrestrial ecosystems are key measurements needed to constrain quantification of regional carbon sinks and sources and the mechanisms controlling them. This information is required to produce a sound carbon budget for North America. This project examines CO2 and energy fluxes from agricultural land and from restored tallgrass prairie to compare their carbon sequestration potentials. The study integrates eddy covariance measurements with biometric measurements of plant and soil carbon stocks for two systems in northeastern Illinois: 1) long-term cultivated land in corn-soybean rotation with conventional tillage, and 2) a 15 year-old restored prairie that represents a long-term application of CRP conversion of cultivated land to native vegetation. The study contributes to the North American Carbon Program (NACP) by providing information on the magnitude and distribution of carbon stocks and the processes that control carbon dynamics in cultivated and CRP-restored land in the Midwest. The prairie site has been functioning since October 2004 and the agricultural site since July 2005. (From http://www.atmos.anl.gov/ FERMI/index.html)
Matamala, Roser [ANL; Jastrow, Julie D.; Lesht, Barry [ANL; Cook, David [ANL; Pekour, Mikhail [ANL; Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel A. [University of Illinois at Chicago
Evidence for Biomagnification of Gold Nanoparticles within a Terrestrial Food Chain
Nanoparticles from the rapidly increasing number of consumer products that contain manufactured nanomaterials are being discharged into waste streams. Increasing evidence suggests that several classes of nanomaterials may accumulate in sludge derived from wastewater treatment and ultimately in soil following land application as biosolids. Little research has been conducted to evaluate the impact of nanoparticles on terrestrial ecosystems, despite the fact that land application of biosolids from wastewater treatment will be a major pathway for the introduction of manufactured nanomaterials to the environment. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, we used the model organisms Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi and Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) to investigate plant uptake and the potential for trophic transfer of 5, 10, and 15 nm diameter gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs). Samples were analyzed using both bulk analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as well as spatially resolved methods such as laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence ({mu}XRF). Our results demonstrate trophic transfer and biomagnification of gold nanoparticles from a primary producer to a primary consumer by mean factors of 6.2, 11.6, and 9.6 for the 5, 10, and 15 nm treatments, respectively. This result has important implications for risks associated with nanotechnology, including the potential for human exposure.
J Judy; J Unrine; P Bertsch
EMSL: Science: GOAMAZON
GOAMAZON AND EMSL GOAMAZON AND EMSL GOAmazon logo OVERVIEW GreenOceanAmazon, or GOAMAZON, is an integrated experiment to look at the coupled atmosphere-cloud-terrestrial tropical systems in the Amazon Basin. The Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research's Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, in collaboration with Brazilian and German organizations, will lead GOAMAZON. The GOAMAZON campaign seeks to quantify and understand how aerosol and cloud life cycles in a particularly clean background in the tropics are influenced by pollutant outflow from a large tropical city. The GOAMAZON campaign addresses the susceptibility of cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions to present-day and future pollution in the tropics. In particular, the second year of measurements will enable comparative
Is sustainability science really a science?
Is sustainability science really a science? Is sustainability science really a science? The team's work shows that although sustainability science has been growing explosively...
Information Science
Information Science Information Science1354608000000Information ScienceSome of these resources are LANL-only and will require Remote Access.NoQuestions? firstname.lastname@example.com...
Science Science Goal 8: Science Serving Sustainability Maintaining the conditions of a building improves the health of not only the surrounding ecosystems, but also the well-being of its occupants. Energy Conservation» Efficient Water Use & Management» High Performance Sustainable Buildings» Greening Transportation» Green Purchasing & Green Technology» Pollution Prevention» Science Serving Sustainability» ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY GOALS at LANL Community involvement: Andy Erickson and Duncan McBranch of LANL join John Arrowsmith of Los Alamos County to discuss the photovoltaic array collaboration with community leaders. Powered by solar: This collaboratively built model home in Los Alamos is entirely powered by a photovoltaic array field, showcasing the potential for solar-powering communities. Community involvement: A ribbon cutting ceremony marks the opening of the photovoltaic powered model home in Los Alamos County, a joint venture of LANL and the county. Engaging the surrounding communities: LANL takes opportunities to engage the surrounding communities in order to develop relationships fostering sustainable actions. Here, delegates applaud the opening of SERF which will help reduce liquid waste at LANL.
Science Highlights Print Science Highlights Featured scientific research based on publications resulting from work done at the ALS. Highlights are nominated by management and...
Science & Innovation
National Laboratory for the best of both. No place on Earth pursues a broader array of world-class scientific endeavors. Faces of Science Science & Engineering Capabilities...
Science Organizations
Organizations Science Organizations National security depends on science and technology. The United States relies on Los Alamos National Laboratory for the best of both. No place...
Science Requirements
Science Requirements About ESnet Overview ESnet Staff Governance Our Network Case Studies ESnet Strategic Plan ESnet Organizational Chart ESnet History Science Requirements Network...
Computer Science
in Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Biology, Quantitative Finance and Statistics Cite Seer Department of Energy provided open access science research citations...
Science Education ProgramScience Education Program TEACH SCIENCE
Science Education ProgramScience Education Program TEACH SCIENCE IMPACT THE FUTURE #12;Science Education ProgramScience Education Program Why Teach Science? #12;Science Education Program SCIENCE, a middle school science teacher. He teaches several grades and covers many science topics, covering
de Lijser, Peter
Science | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Science Neutron Science Neutron Scattering Science Neutrons are one of the fundamental particles that make up matter and have properties that make them ideal for certain types of research. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. Neutron scattering provides information about the positions, motions, and magnetic properties of solids. When a beam of neutrons is aimed at a sample, many neutrons will pass through the material. But some will interact directly with atomic nuclei and "bounce" away at an angle, like colliding balls in a game of pool. This behavior is called neutron diffraction, or neutron scattering. Using detectors, scientists can count scattered neutrons, measure their energies and the angles at which they scatter, and map their final position
Ecosystem Management Team | Department of Energy
Ecosystem Management Team Ecosystem Management Team Ecosystem Management Team Objectives The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is evaluating methods of reducing the long-term costs and risks associated with operating, monitoring, and managing its legacy sites. For example, vegetation management is a significant and growing component of annual maintenance costs at legacy sites. Long-term surveillance plans often require suppression of plant growth on rock-covered disposal cells because scientists have concerns that (1) plants' roots may increase water percolation through compacted soil layers into buried contaminated material (and hence, increase the potential for spreading contamination), or (2) roots may take up and disperse buried contaminants (e.g., wind may spread contaminated plant materials or
Coso geothermal environmental overview study ecosystem quality
The Coso Known Geothermal Resource Area is located just east of the Sierra Nevada, in the broad transition zone between the Mohave and Great Basin desert ecosystems. The prospect of large-scale geothermal energy development here in the near future has led to concern for the protection of biological resources. Objectives here are the identification of ecosystem issues, evaluation of the existing data base, and recommendation of additional studies needed to resolve key issues. High-priority issues include the need for (1) site-specific data on the occurrence of plant and animal species of special concern, (2) accurate and detailed information on the nature and extent of the geothermal resource, and (3) implementation of a comprehensive plan for ecosystem protection.
Leitner, P.
BIG BEAR SOLAR OBSERVATORY CENTER FOR SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RESEARCH Faculty Position in Solar Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology A tenure track faculty position in solar physics is available of NJIT's program in solar physics, visit http://solar.njit.edu. Applicants are required to have a Ph
Environmental Sciences Division annual progress report for period ending September 30, 1982. Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 2090. [Lead abstract
Separate abstracts were prepared for 12 of the 14 sections of the Environmental Sciences Division annual progress report. The other 2 sections deal with educational activities. The programs discussed deal with advanced fuel energy, toxic substances, environmental impacts of various energy technologies, biomass, low-level radioactive waste management, the global carbon cycle, and aquatic and terrestrial ecology. (KRM)
Carbon Cycling and Biosequestration Integrating Biology and Climate Through Systems Science Report from the March 2008 Workshop
One of the most daunting challenges facing science in the 21st Century is to predict how Earth's ecosystems will respond to global climate change. The global carbon cycle plays a central role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) levels and thus Earth's climate, but our basic understanding of the myriad of tightly interlinked biological processes that drive the global carbon cycle remains limited at best. Whether terrestrial and ocean ecosystems will capture, store, or release carbon is highly dependent on how changing climate conditions affect processes performed by the organisms that form Earth's biosphere. Advancing our knowledge of biological components of the global carbon cycle is thus crucial to predicting potential climate change impacts, assessing the viability of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, and informing relevant policy decisions. Global carbon cycling is dominated by the paired biological processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic plants and microbes of Earth's land-masses and oceans use solar energy to transform atmospheric CO{sub 2} into organic carbon. The majority of this organic carbon is rapidly consumed by plants or microbial decomposers for respiration and returned to the atmosphere as CO{sub 2}. Coupling between the two processes results in a near equilibrium between photosynthesis and respiration at the global scale, but some fraction of organic carbon also remains in stabilized forms such as biomass, soil, and deep ocean sediments. This process, known as carbon biosequestration, temporarily removes carbon from active cycling and has thus far absorbed a substantial fraction of anthropogenic carbon emissions.
Graber, J.; Amthor, J.; Dahlman, R.; Drell, D.; Weatherwax, S.
Twentieth-Century Droughts and Their Impacts on Terrestrial Carbon Cycling in China
Midlatitude regions experienced frequent droughts during the twentieth century, but their impacts on terrestrial carbon balance are unclear. This paper presents a century-scale study of drought effects on the carbon balance of terrestrial ...
Jingfeng Xiao; Qianlai Zhuang; Eryuan Liang; Xuemei Shao; A. David McGuire; Aaron Moody; David W. Kicklighter; Jerry M. Melillo
Building Science
Science Science The "Enclosure" Joseph Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.Eng, ASHRAE Fellow www.buildingscience.com * Control heat flow * Control airflow * Control water vapor flow * Control rain * Control ground water * Control light and solar radiation * Control noise and vibrations * Control contaminants, environmental hazards and odors * Control insects, rodents and vermin * Control fire * Provide strength and rigidity * Be durable * Be aesthetically pleasing * Be economical Building Science Corporation Joseph Lstiburek 2 Water Control Layer Air Control Layer Vapor Control Layer Thermal Control Layer Building Science Corporation Joseph Lstiburek 3 Building Science Corporation Joseph Lstiburek 4 Building Science Corporation Joseph Lstiburek 5 Building Science Corporation
Louisiana Coastal Area, Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration
1 Louisiana Coastal Area, Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration Six Projects Authorized by Section 7006(e for the Louisiana Coastal Area, dated January 31, 2005, (hereinafter referred to as the "restoration plan"), described a program to address the most critical restoration needs to reduce the severe wetland losses
US Army Corps of Engineers
Radio emissions from terrestrial gamma-ray flashes Joseph R. Dwyer1
. Introduction 1.1. TGF Theory Overview [2] Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are bright bursts of gamma raysRadio emissions from terrestrial gamma-ray flashes Joseph R. Dwyer1 and Steven A. Cummer2 Received frequency (RF) emissions by terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) is developed. These radio emissions, which
Cummer, Steven A.
[A field study of the effects of elevated CO2 concentration on physiology an ecosystem processes in Chesapeake Bay Wetland]. [Annual] progress report, 1989--1990
Research during 1988--1989 focused on several new aspects of the response of the salt marsh ecosystem to elevated CO{sub 2} of the effect of CO{sub 2} on biomass production into above and belowground tissues, nitrogen content, light response of photosynthesis of single leaves, leaf water potential and carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange between the plant canopy and the ambient air. Result from the work in 87 and 88 had shown that the C{sub 3} plant, Scirpus olneyi, responded vigorously to elevated CO{sub 2} but the two C{sub 4} species, Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata did not. The responses of photosynthesis were also reflected in the canopy and ecosystem processes: Carbon accumulated in the C{sub 3} community into belowground tissues but not in the C{sub 4} community suggesting that the main factor in the ecosystem responses would be photosynthesis and that the environmental controls on this process would determine the long-term ecosystem responses to rising CO{sub 2}. The main question at the outset of this project was: How much more carbon will be accumulated in the salt marsh ecosystem in a high CO{sub 2} atmosphere than is being accumulated under present CO{sub 2} concentration? This experiment has raised the possibility that rising CO{sub 2} will make the salt marsh ecosystem a bigger sink for carbon than we have previously thought it to be. By extrapolation, this finding suggests that other, terrestrial ecosystems may also become larger sinks for carbon.
Development of a General Ecosystem Model for a Range of Scales and Ecosystems
We have developed a General Ecosystem Model (GEM) that is designed to simulate a variety of ecosystem types using a fixed model structure. Driven largely by hydrologic algorithms for upland, wetland and shallow-water habitats, the model captures the response of macrophyte and algal communities to simulated levels of nutrients, water, and environmental inputs. It explicitly incorporates ecological processes that determine water levels, plant production, nutrient cycling associated with organic matter decomposition, consumer dynamics, and fire. While the model may be used to simulate ecosystem dynamics for a single homogenous habitat, our primary objective is to replicate it as a "unit" model in heterogeneous, grid-based dynamic spatial models using different parameter sets for each habitat. Thus, we constrained the process (i.e., computational) complexity, yet targeted a level of disaggregation that would effectively capture the feedbacks among important ecosystem processes. A basic ver...
H. C. Fitz; E. B. DeBellevue; R. Costanza; R. Boumans; T. Maxwell; L. Wainger; F.H. Sklar
Faculty of Science Computer Science
Faculty of Science Computer Science Computer software engineering, network and system analysis.uwindsor.ca/computerscience The University of Windsor offers a variety of computer science programs to prepare students for a career in the technology industry or in research and academia. A computer science degree provides an in-depth understanding
Ecosystem approach: Healthy ecosystems and sustainable economies. Volume 3. Case studies. Final report
The case study report of the Interagency Ecosystem Management Task Force presents findings and recommendations from seven survey teams, details the nature, history, and current status of each ecosystem, and summarizes survey team interviews with many participating parties. The volume targets those interested in how ecosystem partnerships work. Ecosystems include: Anacostia River watershed--state and local agencies are restoring components of this system of marshes, rivers, forests in urban environments: Coastal Louisiana--a federal task force and the state of Louisiana are restoring wetlands to reverse the trend of losses; Great Lakes basin--local communities joined with governmental agencies to reverse pollution and habitat degradation; Pacific Northwest forests--an interagency effort is protecting both forest ecosystems and the region`s economic health; Prince William Sound--a state/federal trustee council is restoring the ecosystem following the Exxon Valdez oil spill: South Florida--a federal task force is restoring habitat in the Everglades; and Southern Appalachians--the Man and Biosphere program is working with communities to restore habitats.
An ecologically inspired simulation tool for managing digital ecosystems
In this paper we present an ecologically inspired multi-agent based simulation tool for finding and analysing networks of collaborations in a digital ecosystem. Digital ecosystems are defined as open, self-organising environments inside which digital ... Keywords: collaboration, complex networks, digital ecosystems, ecology, multi-agent systems, mutualism
Miguel Lurgi
Science Projects
Argonne Argonne Science Project Ideas! Our Science Project section provides you with sample classroom projects and experiments, online aids for learning about science, as well as ideas for Science Fair Projects. Please select any project below to continue. Also, if you have an idea for a great project or experiment that we could share, please click our Ideas page. We would love to hear from you! Science Fair Ideas Science Fair Ideas! The best ideas for science projects are learning about and investigating something in science that interests you. NEWTON has a list of Science Fair linkd that can help you find the right topic. Toothpick Bridge Web Sites Toothpick Bridge Sites! Building a toothpick bridge is a great class project for physics and engineering students. Here are some sites that we recommend to get you started!
Materials Science Materials Science Materials Science1354608000000Materials ScienceSome of these resources are LANL-only and will require Remote Access./No/Questions? email@example.com Materials Science Some of these resources are LANL-only and will require Remote Access. Key Resources Data Sources Reference Organizations Journals Key Resources CINDAS Materials Property Databases video icon Thermophysical Properties of Matter Database (TPMD) Aerospace Structural Metals Database (ASMD) Damage Tolerant Design Handbook (DTDH) Microelectronics Packaging Materials Database (MPMD) Structural Alloys Handbook (SAH) Proquest Technology Collection Includes the Materials Science collection MRS Online Proceedings Library Papers presented at meetings of the Materials Research Society Data Sources
NREL: Awards and Honors - Triple-Junction Terrestrial Concentrator Solar
Triple-Junction Terrestrial Concentrator Solar Cell Triple-Junction Terrestrial Concentrator Solar Cell Developers: Dr. Jerry Olson, Dr. Sarah Kurtz, Dr. Daniel Friedman, Alan Kibbler, and Charlene Karmer, National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Dr. Richard King, Jim Ermer, Dmitri D. Krut, Hector Cotal, Peter Colter, Hojun Yoon, Nassar Karam, and Gregory S. Glenn, Spectrolab, Inc. The triple-junction solar cell - or TJ solar cell - generates a lot of energy from just a very little amount of material. How much energy? A 1-cm2 cell can generate as much as 35 W of power and produce as much as 86.3 kWh of electricity during a typical year under a Phoenix, AZ sun. This means that 100 to 150 of these cells could produce enough electricity to power the typical American household. This cell can do this, first, because it
Data from Kepler's first 136 days of operation are analyzed to determine the distribution of exoplanets with respect to radius, period, and host-star spectral type. The analysis is extrapolated to estimate the percentage of terrestrial, habitable-zone (HZ) exoplanets. The Kepler census is assumed to be complete for bright stars (magnitude 0.5 Earth radius and periods <42 days. It is also assumed that the size distribution of planets is independent of orbital period and that there are no hidden biases in the data. Six significant statistical results are found: there is a paucity of small planet detections around faint target stars, probably an instrumental effect; the frequency of mid-size planet detections is independent of whether the host star is bright or faint; there are significantly fewer planets detected with periods <3 days, compared to longer periods, almost certainly an astrophysical effect; the frequency of all planets in the population with periods <42 days is 29%, broken down as terrestrials 9%, ice giants 18%, and gas giants 3%; the population has a planet frequency with respect to period which follows a power-law relation dN/dP {approx} P{sup {beta}-1}, with {beta} {approx_equal} 0.71 {+-} 0.08; and an extrapolation to longer periods gives the frequency of terrestrial planets in the HZs of FGK stars as {eta}{sub Circled-Plus} {approx_equal} (34 {+-} 14)%. Thus about one-third of FGK stars are predicted to have at least one terrestrial, HZ planet.
Traub, Wesley A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States)
Ecosystem Services Decision Tree: A Decision-Support Tool for Consideration of Ecosystem Services in the Electric Power Industry
To support the electric power industry in more structured consideration of ecosystem services, EPRI has developed this �Decision Tree� to determine why, when, and how to consider ecosystem services. EPRI anticipates that this Decision Tree will facilitate more efficient decision-making and action relating to ecosystem services.�
EMSL: Science
EMSL's Science and Science Themes EMSL's Science and Science Themes EMSL's unique and state-of-the-art capabilities along with staff expertise can help scientists gain a predictive understanding of the molecular-to-mesoscale processes in climate, biological, environmental and energy systems. These advancements are critical to development of sustainable solutions to the nation's energy and environmental challenges. Four Science Themes help EMSL define and direct the research investments and establish a portfolio of user projects to accelerate scientific innovation and discovery in the areas of environmental molecular science critical to DOE and the nation. EMSL's annual call for proposals solicits proposals on specific topics within these Science Themes. Over the next 10 years, EMSL will focus its science toward developing
Nuclear Sciences | More Science | ORNL
Chemistry Chemistry Advanced Materials Nuclear Forensics Climate & Environment Biology and Soft Matter Chemical and Engineering Materials Quantum Condensed Matter Computational Chemistry Nuclear Sciences More Science Home | Science & Discovery | More Science | Chemistry | Nuclear Sciences SHARE Nuclear Sciences In World War II's Manhattan Project, ORNL helped usher in the nuclear age. Today, laboratory scientists are leaders in using nuclear technologies and systems to improve human health; explore safer, more environmentally friendly power; and better understand the structure of matter. Thanks to its nuclear heritage, ORNL is a world leader in the production of isotopes for medical purposes and research. The lab's High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC)
Materials Science. Summary: Key metrologies/systems: In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, linear and non-linear spectroscopies ...
Pacific Northwest Laboratory annual report for 1993 to the DOE Office of Energy Research. Part 2: Environmental sciences
This 1993 Annual Report from Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to the US DOE describes research in environment and health conducted during fiscal year (FY) 1993. The report is divided into four parts, each in a separate volume. This part, Volume 2, covers Environmental Sciences. The research is directed toward developing a fundamental understanding of subsurface and terrestrial systems as a basis for both managing these critical resources and addressing environmental problems such as environmental restoration and global change. There are sections on Subsurface Science, Terrestrial Science, Technology Transfer, Interactions with Educational Institutions, and Laboratory Directed Research and Development.
EcoSystem Corporation | Open Energy Information
EcoSystem Corporation EcoSystem Corporation Jump to: navigation, search Name EcoSystem Corporation Place Minneapolis, Minnesota Zip 55415 Sector Carbon, Efficiency Product Minnesota-based OTC-listed company developing a technology to increase yields and efficiency, while also decreasing energy consumption and carbon intensity at conventional corn ethanol plants. Coordinates 44.979035°, -93.264929° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":44.979035,"lon":-93.264929,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
ComputationalComputational ScienceScience
ComputationalComputational ScienceScience KenKen HawickHawick email@example.com@massey.ac.nz Massey UniversityMassey University #12;Computational Science / eScienceComputational Science / eScience Computational Science concerns the application of computer science to physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology
Hawick, Ken
Proceedings of the Columbia River Estuary Conference on Ecosystem Restoration.
The 2008 Columbia River Estuary Conference was held at the Liberty Theater in Astoria, Oregon, on April 19-20. The conference theme was ecosystem restoration. The purpose of the conference was to exchange data and information among researchers, policy-makers, and the public, i.e., interrelate science with management. Conference organizers invited presentations synthesizing material on Restoration Planning and Implementation (Session 1), Research to Reduce Restoration Uncertainties (Session 2), Wetlands and Flood Management (Session 3), Action Effectiveness Monitoring (Session 4), and Management Perspectives (Session 5). A series of three plenary talks opened the conference. Facilitated speaker and audience discussion periods were held at the end of each session. Contributed posters conveyed additional data and information. These proceedings include abstracts and notes documenting questions from the audience and clarifying answers from the presenter for each talk. The proceedings also document key points from the discussion periods at the end of each session. The conference program is outlined in the agenda section. Speaker biographies are presented in Appendix A. Poster titles and authors are listed in Appendix B. A list of conference attendees is contained in Appendix C.
U.S. Bonneville Power Administration
The significance of the erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sink
potential of soil carbon sequestration to mitigate theof soil movement on carbon sequestration in agriculturalEnhancement of carbon sequestration in US soils. BioScience.
Berhe, A.A.; Harte, J.; Harden, J.W.; Torn, M.S.
Investigating science teachers' beliefs about science and science teaching.
??The purposes of this quantitative, descriptive study were to investigate Saudi science teachers' beliefs about science and science teaching, and to determine how do Saudi� (more)
AL-Abdulkareem, Saleh A. M., 1965-
LANL | Earth and Environmental Sciences Division (EES)
Groups in EES Division Groups in EES Division The EES Division of Los Alamos National Laboratory is organized into four groups and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP). The Groups are organized by their capabilities and expertise. Scientific advice is provided by the Science and Engineering Leadership Team (SELT), helping the EES technical staff become more effective at obtaining research and development funds. In late 2008, the EES Division was reorganized. Links to our former groups are available still. EES Organizational Chart Lab Organizational Chart (Internal Only) Repository Science (EES-12) Yucca Mountain Project and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Earth Systems Observations (EES-14) GGRL, Radiogeoprocesses, and Terrestrial Processes Computational Earth Sciences (EES-16)
M. Forbes, Terrestrial Sequestration Program Coordinator M. Forbes, Terrestrial Sequestration Program Coordinator National Energy Technology Laboratory A "Hands-On" Workshop for the Appalachian Coal and Electric Utilities Industries November 6-7, 2001 Regional Partnerships in Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Descriptor - include initials, /org#/date Office of Science * Geologic sequestration * Enhanced carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems (CSiTE) * Ocean carbon sequestration (DOCS) * Sequencing genomes of microorganisms * Advanced chemical and biological processes DOE's Sequestration Program Research coordination Research coordination Office of Fossil Energy * Separation and capture * Terrestrial ecosystems * Geologic sequestration * Ocean sequestration * Conversion and reuse * Modeling and assessments Applied R&D Basic Science
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences | More Science | ORNL
Nuclear Forensics Climate & Environment Sensors and Measurements Chemical & Engineering Materials Computational Earth Science Systems Modeling Geographic Information Science and Technology Materials Science and Engineering Mathematics Physics More Science Home | Science & Discovery | More Science | Earth and Atmospheric Sciences SHARE Earth and Atmospheric Sciences At ORNL, we combine our capabilities in atmospheric science, computational science, and biological and environmental systems science to focus in the cross-disciplinary field of climate change science. We use computer models to improve climate change predications and to measure the impact of global warming on the cycling of chemicals in earth systems. Our Climate Change Science Institute uses models to explore connections among atmosphere,
ARM - Publications: Science Team Meeting Documents
Spectral Composition and Quanta-to-Energy Ratio of Diffuse Spectral Composition and Quanta-to-Energy Ratio of Diffuse Photsynthetically Active Radiation under Diverse Sky Conditions Dye, D.G.(a) and Yasuoka, Y.(a,b), JAMSTEC-FRSGC (a), University of Tokyo (b) Data on the beam and diffuse components of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) are often required for detailed process modeling of terrestrial photosynthesis and ecosystem-atmosphere carbon exchange. Such models typically require PAR data in quantum units (photosynthetic photon flux density) however PAR is often reported in energy units (irradiance). Reliable conversion of diffuse PAR data from energy to quantum units requires knowledge of how the quanta-to-energy ratio for diffuse PAR varies across a broad range of sky conditions that includes variations in cloudiness. This study employs a time-series of
Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy, Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force, December 2011
c c Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force December 2011 G u l f C o a s t E c o s y s t e m R e s t o r a t i o n T a s k F o r c e Cover Photo Credits: Brown pelicans: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Volunteer planting marsh grass: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Steve Hillebrand Turtle: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Wetlands: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Boats: Mississippi Development Authority, Tourism Division Nothing in this document is intended to create private rights of action or other enforceable individual legal rights. ©2011 Google Earth Map of Gulf of Mexico Coast US Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force December 2011 G u l f C o a s t E c o s y s t e m R e
Science Cinema
Cinema Science Experiments and Demonstrations Frostbite Theater - A collection of short, fun videos that you can use to explore liquid nitrogen, radioactivity, electricity and even...
Introduction Science Highlights Operations Events Abstracts Publications Credits Cover images legend Disclaimer National Synchrotron Light Source Activity Report For the period...
Energy Science
sources of tomorrow-are the scientific tools of choice for exploring the electronic and atomic structure of matter. As such these photon-science facilities are uniquely...
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT www.esr.pdx.edu Undergraduate Program: Environmental Science an emphasis on natural sciences and mathematics (Environmental Science) or emphasis on policy, geography and social sciences (Environmental Studies). Undergraduate Degrees Offered: Environmental Science Bachelor
??The importance of the global silicon cycle is becoming increasingly recognized because of its role in the consumption of atmospheric CO2. However, the terrestrial component� (more)
Garvin, Christopher J.
Estimation of Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange for the Conterminous UnitedStates by Combining MODIS and AmeriFlux Data
Eddy covariance flux towers provide continuous measurements of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) for a wide range of climate and biome types. However, these measurements only represent the carbon fluxes at the scale of the tower footprint. To quantify the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere for regions or continents, flux tower measurements need to be extrapolated to these large areas. Here we used remotely-sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument on board NASA's Terra satellite to scale up AmeriFlux NEE measurements to the continental scale. We first combined MODIS and AmeriFlux data for representative U.S. ecosystems to develop a predictive NEE model using a regression tree approach. The predictive model was trained and validated using NEE data over the periods 2000-2004 and 2005-2006, respectively. We found that the model predicted NEE reasonably well at the site level. We then applied the model to the continental scale and estimated NEE for each 1 km x 1 km cell across the conterminous U.S. for each 8-day period in 2005 using spatially-explicit MODIS data. The model generally captured the expected spatial and seasonal patterns of NEE. Our study demonstrated that our empirical approach is effective for scaling up eddy flux NEE measurements to the continental scale and producing wall-to-wall NEE estimates across multiple biomes. Our estimates may provide an independent dataset from simulations with biogeochemical models and inverse modeling approaches for examining the spatiotemporal patterns of NEE and constraining terrestrial carbon budgets for large areas.
Xiao, Jingfeng; Zhuang, Qianlai; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Law, Beverly E.; Richardson, Andrew D.; Chen, Jiquan; Oren, Ram; Starr, Gregory; Noormets, Asko; Ma, Siyan; Verma, Shashi B.; Wharton, Sonia; Wofsy, Steven C.; Bolstad, Paul V.; Burns, Sean P.; Cook, David R.; Curtis, Peter S.; Drake, Bert G.; Falk, Matthias; Fischer, Marc L.; Foster, David R.; Gu, Lianhong; Hadley, Julian L.; Hollinger, David Y.; Katul, Gabriel G.; Litvak, Marcy; Martin, Timothy A.; Matamala, Roser; McNulty, Steve; Meyers, Tilden P.; Monson, Russell K.; Munger, J. William; Oechel, Walter C.; U, Kyaw Tha Paw; Schmid, Hans Peter; Scott, Russell L.; Sun, Ge; Suyker, Andrew E.; Torn, Margaret S.
Estimation of net ecosystem carbon exchange for the conterminous United States by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data
Eddy covariance flux towers provide continuous measurements of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) for a wide range of climate and biome types. However, these measurements only represent the carbon fluxes at the scale of the tower footprint. To quantify the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere for regions or continents, flux tower measurements need to be extrapolated to these large areas. Here we used remotely sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Terra satellite to scale up AmeriFlux NEE measurements to the continental scale. We first combined MODIS and AmeriFlux data for representative U.S. ecosystems to develop a predictive NEE model using a modified regression tree approach. The predictive model was trained and validated using eddy flux NEE data over the periods 2000-2004 and 2005-2006, respectively. We found that the model predicted NEE well (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). We then applied the model to the continental scale and estimated NEE for each 1 km x 1 km cell across the conterminous U.S. for each 8-day interval in 2005 using spatially explicit MODIS data. The model generally captured the expected spatial and seasonal patterns of NEE as determined from measurements and the literature. Our study demonstrated that our empirical approach is effective for scaling up eddy flux NEE measurements to the continental scale and producing wall-to-wall NEE estimates across multiple biomes. Our estimates may provide an independent dataset from simulations with biogeochemical models and inverse modeling approaches for examining the spatiotemporal patterns of NEE and constraining terrestrial carbon budgets over large areas.
Xiao, Jingfeng; Zhuang, Qianlai; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Bolstad, Paul V.; Burns, Sean P.; Chen, Jiquan; Cook, David R.; Curtis, Peter S.; Drake, Bert G.; Foster, David R.; Gu, Lianhong; Hadley, Julian L.; Hollinger, David Y.; Katul, Gabriel G.; Law, Beverly E.; Litvak, Marcy; Ma, Siyan; Martin, Timothy A.; Matamala, Roser; McNulty, Steve; Meyers, Tilden P.; Monson, Russell K.; Munger, J. William; Noormets, Asko; Oechel, Walter C.; Oren, Ram; Richardson, Andrew D.; Schmid, Hans Peter; Scott, Russell L.; Starr, Gregory; Sun, Ge; Suyker, Andrew E.; Torn, Margaret S.; Paw, Kyaw; Verma, Shashi B.; Wharton, Sonia; Wofsy, Steven C.
Kootenai River Ecosystem Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI)
Kootenai River Ecosystem Kootenai River Ecosystem Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) June 2005 1 Department of Energy BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION Kootenai River Ecosystem Project Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) Summary: Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) is proposing to fund the Kootenai River Ecosystem Project. With this funding the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho (KTOI) and Idaho Fish and Game (IDFG) would add liquid nitrogen and phosphorus to the Kootenai River from late June through September for up to five years to replace nutrients lost to the hydrosystem. The goal of this project is to help enhance native fish populations and river health. The nutrients are expected to stimulate production in the Kootenai River's
An Overview of Ecosystem Services: Considerations for Electric Power Companies
This topical brief provides an overview of ecosystem services and discusses how electric power companies may leverage these services to increase corporate value and reduce risk.
Ecosystem Management and Local Governance in the Climate Change...
Ecosystem Management and Local Governance in the Climate Change Agenda: Evidence from Mexico's Forestry Sector Speaker(s): Camille Antinori Date: November 20, 2003 - 12:00pm...
Olson's Major World Ecosystem Complexes Ranked by Carbon in Live...
ecosystem complexes ranked by carbon in live vegetation: A Database. NDP-017, Carbon Dioxide Information Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This NDP was...
Characterization of extrasolar terrestrial planets from diurnal photometric variability
The detection of massive planets orbiting nearby stars has become almost routine, but current techniques are as yet unable to detect terrestrial planets with masses comparable to the Earth's. Future space-based observatories to detect Earth-like planets are being planned. Terrestrial planets orbiting in the habitable zones of stars-where planetary surface conditions are compatible with the presence of liquid water-are of enormous interest because they might have global environments similar to Earth's and even harbor life. The light scattered by such a planet will vary in intensity and colour as the planet rotates; the resulting light curve will contain information about the planet's properties. Here we report a model that predicts features that should be discernible in light curves obtained by low-precision photometry. For extrasolar planets similar to Earth we expect daily flux variations up to hundreds of percent, depending sensitively on ice and cloud cover. Qualitative changes in surface or climate generate significant changes in the predicted light curves. This work suggests that the meteorological variability and the rotation period of an Earth-like planet could be derived from photometric observations. Other properties such as the composition of the surface (e.g., ocean versus land fraction), climate indicators (for example ice and cloud cover), and perhaps even signatures of Earth-like plant life could be constrained or possibly, with further study, even uniquely determined.
E. B. Ford; S. Seager; E. L. Turner
Imaging the Earth's Interior: the Angular Distribution of Terrestrial Neutrinos
Decays of radionuclides throughout the Earth's interior produce geothermal heat, but also are a source of antineutrinos. The (angle-integrated) geoneutrino flux places an integral constraint on the terrestrial radionuclide distribution. In this paper, we calculate the angular distribution of geoneutrinos, which opens a window on the differential radionuclide distribution. We develop the general formalism for the neutrino angular distribution, and we present the inverse transformation which recovers the terrestrial radioisotope distribution given a measurement of the neutrino angular distribution. Thus, geoneutrinos not only allow a means to image the Earth's interior, but offering a direct measure of the radioactive Earth, both (1) revealing the Earth's inner structure as probed by radionuclides, and (2) allowing for a complete determination of the radioactive heat generation as a function of radius. We present the geoneutrino angular distribution for the favored Earth model which has been used to calculate geoneutrino flux. In this model the neutrino generation is dominated by decays in the Earth's mantle and crust; this leads to a very ``peripheral'' angular distribution, in which 2/3 of the neutrinos come from angles > 60 degrees away from the downward vertical. We note the possibility of that the Earth's core contains potassium; different geophysical predictions lead to strongly varying, and hence distinguishable, central intensities (< 30 degrees from the downward vertical). Other uncertainties in the models, and prospects for observation of the geoneutrino angular distribution, are briefly discussed. We conclude by urging the development and construction of antineutrino experiments with angular sensitivity. (Abstract abridged.)
Brian D. Fields; Kathrin A. Hochmuth
Life Sciences Portal
NIST Home > Life Sciences Portal. Life Sciences Portal. Programs ... more. >> see all Life Sciences programs and projects ... ...
Fusion Nuclear Science | ORNL
Nuclear Systems Modeling, Simulation & Validation Nuclear Systems Technology Reactor Technology Nuclear Science Home | Science & Discovery | Nuclear Science | Research...
Fusion Science at NERSC
Rotating Plasma Finding is Key for ITER Heavy-Ion Fusion Science (HIFS) Math & Computer Science Nuclear Science Science Highlights HPC Requirements Reviews NERSC HPC Achievement...
BER Science Network Requirements
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advancedthe Directors of the Office of Science, Office of AdvancedResearch, DOE Office of Science Energy Sciences Network
Dart, Eli
ASCR Science Network Requirements
Computing Research, DOE Office of Science Energy SciencesDepartment of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advancedthe Directors of the Office of Science, Office of Advanced
Science Accelerator : User Account
Energy Office of Science Office of Scientific and Technical Information Website PoliciesImportant Links Science Accelerator science.gov WorldWideScience.org Deep Web Technologies...
NEWTON's Computer Science Videos
Computer Science Videos Do you have a great computer science video? Please click our Ideas page. Featured Videos: Computer Science Videos from Purdue Computer Science Videos from...
Life sciences
This document is the 1989--1990 Annual Report for the Life Sciences Divisions of the University of California/Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Specific progress reports are included for the Cell and Molecular Biology Division, the Research Medicine and Radiation Biophysics Division (including the Advanced Light Source Life Sciences Center), and the Chemical Biodynamics Division. 450 refs., 46 figs. (MHB)
Day, L. (ed.)
Nuclear Science at NERSC
Accelerator Science Accelerator Science Astrophysics Biological Sciences Chemistry & Materials Science Climate & Earth Science Energy Science Engineering Science Environmental Science Fusion Science Math & Computer Science Nuclear Science Science Highlights NERSC Citations HPC Requirements Reviews Home » Science at NERSC » Nuclear Science Nuclear Science Experimental and theoretical nuclear research carried out at NERSC is driven by the quest for improving our understanding of the building blocks of matter. This includes discovering the origins of nuclei and identifying the forces that transform matter. Specific topics include: Nuclear astrophysics and the synthesis of nuclei in stars and elsewhere in the cosmos; Nuclear forces and quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the quantum field
Recent History of Large-Scale Ecosystem Disturbances in North
Satellite Record Christopher Potter,1 * Pang-Ning Tan,2 Vipin Kumar,2 Chris Kucharik,3 Steven Klooster,4 Ecosystem structure and function are strongly im- pacted by major disturbance events (Pickett and White 1985 (Pickett and White 1985; Tilman 1985). Ecosystem disturbances can contribute to the current rise of carbon
Wisconsin at Madison, University of
Big Data Ecosystems Enable Scientific Discovery
Over the past 5 years, advances in experimental, sensor and computational technologies have driven the exponential growth in the volumes, acquisition rates, variety and complexity of scientific data. As noted by Hey et al in their 2009 e-book The Fourth Paradigm, this availability of large-quantities of scientifically meaningful data has given rise to a new scientific methodology - data intensive science. Data intensive science is the ability to formulate and evaluate hypotheses using data and analysis to extend, complement and, at times, replace experimentation, theory, or simulation. This new approach to science no longer requires scientists to interact directly with the objects of their research; instead they can utilize digitally captured, reduced, calibrated, analyzed, synthesized and visualized results - allowing them carry out 'experiments' in data.
Critchlow, Terence J.; Kleese van Dam, Kerstin
Ecosystem Japan Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
Japan Co Ltd Japan Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Ecosystem Japan Co Ltd Place Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Zip 160-0002 Sector Solar Product Japan-based installer of solar panels. Coordinates 35.670479°, 139.740921° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":35.670479,"lon":139.740921,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
carleton.ca/science FACULTY OF SCIENCE
carleton.ca/science FACULTY OF SCIENCE ANYTHING BUT TEXTBOOK #12;Areas of study Bachelor of Computer Science* Algorithms Biomedical Computing Computer Game Development Computer and Internet Security Mathematics Computer Science and Mathematics Concentrations in Computing Theory and Numerical Methods
Carleton University
Bachelor of Science & Bachelor of Science (Technology)
Bachelor of Science & Bachelor of Science (Technology) SpecialiSationS Environmental Microbiology environment. This specialisation can be attached to the Environmental Sciences major. Environmental Modelling Sciences major. Land and Freshwater Environments This specialisation is for students interested
Waikato, University of
Externally Occulted Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph: Simulations and Sensitivities
A multitude of coronagraphic techniques for the space-based direct detection and characterization of exo-solar terrestrial planets are actively being pursued by the astronomical community. Typical coronagraphs have internal shaped focal plane and/or pupil plane occulting masks which block and/or diffract starlight thereby increasing the planet's contrast with respect to its parent star. Past studies have shown that any internal technique is limited by the ability to sense and control amplitude, phase (wavefront) and polarization to exquisite levels - necessitating stressing optical requirements. An alternative and promising technique is to place a starshade, i.e. external occulter, at some distance in front of the telescope. This starshade suppresses most of the starlight before entering the telescope - relaxing optical requirements to that of a more conventional telescope. While an old technique it has been recently been advanced by the recognition that circularly symmetric graded apodizers can be well appro...
Lyon, Richard G; Lo, Amy; Cash, Webster; Starkman, Glenn D; Vanderbei, Robert J; Kasdin, N Jeremy; Copi, Craig J
System, method, and apparatus for remote measurement of terrestrial biomass
A system, method, and/or apparatus for remote measurement of terrestrial biomass contained in vegetative elements, such as large tree boles or trunks present in an area of interest, are provided. The method includes providing an airborne VHF radar system in combination with a LiDAR system, overflying the area of interest while directing energy toward the area of interest, using the VHF radar system to collect backscatter data from the trees as a function of incidence angle and frequency, and determining a magnitude of the biomass from the backscatter data and data from the laser radar system for each radar resolution cell. A biomass map is generated showing the magnitude of the biomass of the vegetative elements as a function of location on the map by using each resolution cell as a unique location thereon. In certain preferred embodiments, a single frequency is used with a linear array antenna.
Johnson, Patrick W (Jefferson, MD)
Fermi GBM Observations of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes
Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes are short pulses of energetic radiation associated with thunderstorms and lightning. While the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on Fermi was designed to observe gamma-ray bursts, its large BGO detectors are excellent for observing TGFs. Using GBM, TGF pulses are seen to either be symmetrical or have faster rise time than fall times. Some TGFs are resolved into double, partially overlapping pulses. Using ground-based radio observations of lightning from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), TGFs and their associated lightning are found to be simultaneous to {approx_equal}40 {mu} s. The lightning locations are typically within 300 km of the sub-spacecraft point.
Briggs, Michael S. [CSPAR, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805 (United States)
Compton scattering effects on the duration of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes
; published 18 January 2012. [1] Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are gamma-ray bursts detected from space) recently discovered by the gamma-ray burst monitor (GBM) aboard the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. Introduction [2] Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are bursts of high-energy photons originating from
Pasko, Victor
Dr. Yeqiao (Y.Q.) Wang Professor in Terrestrial Remote Sensing
1 Dr. Yeqiao (Y.Q.) Wang Professor in Terrestrial Remote Sensing Department of Natural Resources://www.ltrs.uri.edu ________________________________________________________________________ Research Interests My research interests and teaching responsibilities are in terrestrial remote sensing. M.Sc., Natural Resources Management & Engineering: Univ. of Connecticut, 1992. M.Sc., Remote Sensing
Wang, Y.Q. "Yeqiao"
Terrestrial lidar and hyperspectral data fusion products for geological outcrop analysis
Close-range hyperspectral imaging is an emerging technique for remotely mapping mineral content and distributions in inaccessible geological outcrop surfaces, allowing subtle chemical variations to be identified with high resolution and accuracy. Terrestrial ... Keywords: Ground-based, Integration, Surface modelling, Terrestrial laser scanning, Virtual outcrop models, Visualisation
Simon J. Buckley, Tobias H. Kurz, John A. Howell, Danilo Schneider
The interspecific biomassdensity relationship for terrestrial plants: where do clonal red seaweeds
The interspecific biomass±density relationship for terrestrial plants: where do clonal red seaweeds (or ramet, for clonal plants) density is negatively related to stand biomass. Stand biomass and ramet biomass was higher than average values expected from the terrestrial interspecific biomass
Scrosati, Ricardo
Final Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force Strategic Plan |
Final Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force Strategic Plan Final Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force Strategic Plan Final Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force Strategic Plan The natural resources of the Gulf's ecosystem are vital to many of the region's industries that directly support economic progress and job creation, including tourism and recreation, seafood production and sales, energy production and navigation and commerce. Among the key priorities of the strategy are: 1) Stopping the Loss of Critical Wetlands, Sand Barriers and Beaches The strategy recommends placing ecosystem restoration on an equal footing with historic uses such as navigation and flood damage reduction by approaching water resource management decisions in a far more comprehensive manner that will bypass harm to wetlands, barrier islands and beaches. The
Environmental Sciences Division annual progress report for period ending September 30, 1981
Research programs from the following sections and programs are summarized: aquatic ecology, environmental resources, earth sciences, terrestrial ecology, advanced fossil energy program, toxic substances program, environmental impacts program, biomass, low-level waste research and development program, US DOE low-level waste management program, and waste isolation program.
Environmental Sciences Division annual progress report for period ending September 30, 1983
This annual report summarizes activities in the Aquatic Ecology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Analyses, and Terrestrial Ecology sections, as well as in the Fossil Energy, Biomass, Low-Level Waste Research and Management, and Global Carbon Cycle Programs. Separate abstracts have been prepared for each section. (ACR)
Applied Ecosystem Analysis - - a Primer : EDT the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment Method.
The aim of this document is to inform and instruct the reader about an approach to ecosystem management that is based upon salmon as an indicator species. It is intended to provide natural resource management professionals with the background information needed to answer questions about why and how to apply the approach. The methods and tools the authors describe are continually updated and refined, so this primer should be treated as a first iteration of a sequentially revised manual.
Lestelle, Lawrence C.; Mobrand, Lars E.
Security Science & Technology | Nuclear Science | ORNL
Security Treaty Verification Nuclear Systems Modeling, Simulation & Validation Nuclear Systems Technology Reactor Technology Nuclear Science Home | Science & Discovery |...
Evaluating Cumulative Ecosystem Evaluating Cumulative Ecosystem Response of the Columbia River Response of the Columbia River
Fish presence, abundance, res. time, diet, growth rate, fitness Exchange plant biomass, TOC, NOAA Fisheries, Hammond, OR Northwest Power and Conservation Council Columbia River Estuary Science
Evaluation of CO2 Exchange Rates in a Wetland Ecosystem Using the Closed Geosphere Experiment Facility
To evaluate annual CO2 exchange rates in a wetland ecosystem, ecosystem respiration rate (Re), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and gross primary productivity (GPP) were investigated using the Closed Geosphere Experiment Facility (CGEF) located ...
Shizuo Suzuki; Masayuki Yokozawa; Kazuyuki Inubushi; Toshihiko Hara; Michitoshi Kimura; Shoichi Tsuga; Yasuhiro Tako; Yuji Nakamura
Applied Ecosystem Analysis - Background : EDT the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment Method.
This volume consists of eight separate reports. We present them as background to the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) methodology. They are a selection from publications, white papers, and presentations prepared over the past two years. Some of the papers are previously published, others are currently being prepared for publication. In the early to mid 1980`s the concern for failure of both natural and hatchery production of Columbia river salmon populations was widespread. The concept of supplementation was proposed as an alternative solution that would integrate artificial propagation with natural production. In response to the growing expectations placed upon the supplementation tool, a project called Regional Assessment of Supplementation Project (RASP) was initiated in 1990. The charge of RASP was to define supplementation and to develop guidelines for when, where and how it would be the appropriate solution to salmon enhancement in the Columbia basin. The RASP developed a definition of supplementation and a set of guidelines for planning salmon enhancement efforts which required consideration of all factors affecting salmon populations, including environmental, genetic, and ecological variables. The results of RASP led to a conclusion that salmon issues needed to be addressed in a manner that was consistent with an ecosystem approach. If the limitations and potentials of supplementation or any other management tool were to be fully understood it would have to be within the context of a broadly integrated approach - thus the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) method was born.
Mobrand, Lars E.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory: Annual report for 1986 to the DOE Office of Energy Research: Part 2, Environmental sciences
This report summarizes progress in environmental sciences research conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for the Office of Health and Environmental Research in FY 1986. The program is focused on terrestrial, subsurface, and coastal marine systems, and this research forms the basis, in conjunction with remote sensing, for definition and quantification of processes leading to impacts at the global level. This report is organized into sections devoted to Detection and Management of Change in Terrestrial Systems, Biogeochemical Phenomena, Subsurface Microbiology and Transport, Marine Sciences, and Theoretical (Quantitative) Ecology. Separate abstracts have been prepared for individual projects.
[Faculty of Science Information and Computing Sciences
of Science Information and Computing Sciences] 7 Regular functors Combinators for regular functors: data I r r #12;[Faculty of Science Information and Computing Sciences] 8 Converting between datatype[Faculty of Science Information and Computing Sciences] Generic programming with the multirec
Löh, Andres
Faculty of Science Computer Science Handbook
Faculty of Science Computer Science Handbook 2013 #12;Welcome to Computer Science Welcome from the Head of Department 2 What is Computer Science? 2 Careers in Computer Science 3 What can you do with a Computer Science degree? 4 Meet our students 5 Academic information Important dates 7 Admission
Sun, Jing
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Materials Science Evaluation Portal
NIST Home > Materials Science Evaluation Portal. Materials Science Evaluation Portal. Subject Areas. Modeling; Nondestructive; ...
Bioanalytical Science Group
Bioanalytical Science Group. Welcome. We provide the measurement science, standards, technology, and data required ...
Argonne TDC: Physical Sciences
Emergency Response. Engineering. Environmental Research. Fuel Cells. Imaging Technology. Material Science. Nanotechnology. Physical Sciences. Sensor ...
Nuclear Science
Science Science and Engineering Education Sourcebook 2013 American Nuclear Society US Department of Energy Nuclear Science & Engineering Education Sourcebook 2013 North American Edition American Nuclear Society Education, Training, and Workforce Division US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Editor and Founder John Gilligan Professor of Nuclear Engineering North Carolina State University Version 5.13 Welcome to the 2013 Edition of the Nuclear Science and Engineering Education (NS&EE) Sourcebook. We have evolved and improved! The core mission of the Sourcebook has not changed, however. Our purpose is to facilitate interaction among faculty, students, industry, and government agencies to accomplish nuclear research, teaching and service activities. Since 1986 we have compiled critical information on nuclear
Energy Science Energy Science Energy Science Print Our current fossil-fuel-based system is causing potentially catastrophic changes to our planet. The quest for renewable, nonpolluting sources of energy requires us to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels. Light-source facilities-the synchrotrons of today and the next-generation light sources of tomorrow-are the scientific tools of choice for exploring the electronic and atomic structure of matter. As such these photon-science facilities are uniquely positioned to jump-start a global revolution in renewable and carbon-neutral energy technologies. To establish the scientific foundations for the kind of transformative breakthroughs needed to build a 21st-century energy economy, we must address fundamental questions involving matter and energy. Below is a sampling of such questions that can be addressed by light-source facilities:
Science Museum
lecture December 12, 2013 Last in year-long series of public talks at Bradbury Science Museum LOS ALAMOS, N.M., Dec. 12, 2013-The role Los Alamos National Laboratory plays...
- 1 - Nanotechnology and algae biofuels exhibits open July 26 at the Bradbury Science Museum July 22, 2013 LOS ALAMOS, N.M., July 22, 2013-Los Alamos National Laboratory's Bradbury...
Applied Science
Nuclear Science EXAFS and XANES of plutonium and uranium edges from titanate ceramics for fissile materials disposition J.A. Fortner, A.J. Kropf, R.J. Finch, M.C. Hash, S.B. Aase,...
ARM - Science
Read about the 20 years of accomplishments (PDF, 696KB) from the ARM Program and user facility. Performance Metrics ASR Metrics 2009 2008 2007 2006 Science New C-band...
BES Science Network Requirements
the Directors of the Office of Science, Office of AdvancedBasic Energy Sciences, DOE Office of Science Energy SciencesDepartment of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced
COMPUTER SCIENCE EECS Department
COMPUTER SCIENCE EECS Department The Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) Department at WSU offers undergraduate degrees in electrical engineering, computer engineering and computer science. The EECS Department offers master of science degrees in computer science, electrical engineering
Computer Science UNDERGRADUATE
447 Computer Science UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS The Department of Computer Science provides undergraduate instruction leading to the bachelor's degree in computer science. This program in computer science is accredited by the Computer Science Accreditation Board (CSAB), a specialized accrediting body recognized
Suzuki, Masatsugu
Neutron Science | More Science | ORNL
of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics for this groundbreaking work. Today, the laboratory is home to two of the most powerful neutron science facilities in the world-the Spallation...
Environment - Nano soil science | ornl.gov
Environment - Nano soil science Environment - Nano soil science Cross-disciplinary research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is yielding new insight into the carbon cycle, contaminated soils and soil fertility. An ORNL team is using a novel combination of neutron reflectometry experiments and supercomputer simulations to provide a detailed view of the interactions between organic matter and minerals in soil. The research suggests that relationships among these compounds are governed by simpler principles than previously thought. "It changes the whole way we think about how carbon, nutrients and contaminants interact with soils, which therefore affects fertility, water quality, and the terrestrial carbon cycle," said ORNL's Loukas Petridis. "We don't understand these topics very well because until now we haven't had the techniques capable
Who's Who : BioEnergy Science Center
Who's Who Who's Who PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND NOTABLE SCIENTISTS OF BESC Will York - Biosynthesis Dr. William York is an Associate Professor Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Adjunct Associate Professor of Computer Science and Plant Biology at the University of Georgia in Athens. His diverse research interests include the development and application of spectroscopic and computational methods for the structural characterization of complex carbohydrates, the development of bioinformatics tools to study the roles of carbohydrates in living systems, and the development of realistic models describing the assembly and morphogenesis of the plant cell walls, which are the most abundant component of terrestrial biomass. This research has potential applications, for example, in biomedical science and development
The Internet Ecosystem- The Potential for Discrimination
The Federal Communication Commission is considering rules enforcing �network neutrality � and legislation proposing similar goals have been discussed in Congress. The goals of the proposed regulation and legislation are preserve an �open Internet�, but are specifically directed toward access networks, or the first link that directly connects users to the Internet. We argue that preserving open competition in a host of �higher level� Internet services is equally if not more important, but since the rate of technology innovation typically out-paces the need for regulation, there is no need to impose regulation at this time. Using specific examples focused on the �visible Internet � as well as new services and applications that enable rapid innovation, we argue that the Internet has fostered a history of technological and business solutions that overcome what seems to be certain market dominance. A key enabler of these changes is the emergence of technologies that lower the barrier for entry in developing and deploying new services. We argue that regulators should be aware of the potential for anti-competitive practices, but should carefully consider the effects of regulation on the full Internet ecosystem. We
Dirk Grunwald
Experiences in managing energy with ecosystem
Energy consumption is a major systems-design challenge. ECOSystem incorporates the �currentcy model, � which lets the operating system manage energy as a first-class resource. It can also express complex energy-related goals and behaviors, leading to more effective, unified management policies. Mobile devices are becoming increasingly popular, from laptops, PDAs, and cell phones to emerging platforms such as wireless sensor networks. Available battery energy has become a critical mobilesystem resource. A mobile device�s usefulness is often limited not by its hardware�s raw speed but by its battery�s energy. Ideally, designers should address the energy problem at all system levels: hardware, operating system, and application. At the hardware level, low-power circuit design can reduce energy consumption. In addition, hardware devices can provide device-specific power management features that you can exploit with power-management policies at the system�s higher levels. At the OS level, we can observe the applications� and devices � combined resource demands. Existing OSlevel energy management tends to focus on individual devices. For example, scheduling for processors with dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) allocates CPU time to tasks and manipulates the CPU power states. 1�4 Similarly, disk and network policies concentrate only on the request patterns to their specific devices and on managing their available
Carla S. Ellis; R. Lebeck
SCIENCE Program
SCIENCE Program SCIENCE Program early science program Early at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility CONTACT Argonne Leadership Computing Facility | www.alcf.anl.gov | (877) 737-8615 Climate-Weather Modeling Studies Using a Prototype Global Cloud-System Resolving Model PI: Venkatramani Balaji Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Award: 150 Million Hours Materials Design and Discovery: Catalysis and Energy Storage PI: Larry Curtiss Argonne National Laboratory Award: 50 Million Hours Direct Numerical Simulation of Autoignition in a Jet in a Cross-Flow PI: Christos Frouzakis Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Award: 150 Million Hours High-Accuracy Predictions of the Bulk Properties of Water PI: Mark Gordon Iowa State University Award: 150 Million Hours Cosmic Structure Probes
Materials Science & Engineering | More Science | ORNL
Advanced Materials Clean Energy Materials Theory and Simulation Neutron Science Nuclear Forensics Nuclear Science Supercomputing Theory, Modeling and Simulation Mathematics Physics More Science Home | Science & Discovery | More Science | Materials Science and Engineering SHARE Materials Science and Engineering ORNL's core capability in applied materials science and engineering directly supports missions in clean energy, national security, and industrial competitiveness. A key strength of ORNL's materials science program is the close coupling of basic and applied R&D. Programs building on this core capability are focused on (1) innovations and improvements in materials synthesis, processing, and design; (2) determination and manipulation of critical structure-property relationships, and (3)
A multitude of coronagraphic techniques for the space-based direct detection and characterization of exo-solar terrestrial planets are actively being pursued by the astronomical community. Typical coronagraphs have internal shaped focal plane and/or pupil plane occulting masks which block and/or diffract starlight thereby increasing the planet's contrast with respect to its parent star. Past studies have shown that any internal technique is limited by the ability to sense and control amplitude, phase (wavefront) and polarization to exquisite levels - necessitating stressing optical requirements. An alternative and promising technique is to place a starshade, i.e. external occulter, at some distance in front of the telescope. This starshade suppresses most of the starlight before entering the telescope - relaxing optical requirements to that of a more conventional telescope. While an old technique it has been recently been advanced by the recognition that circularly symmetric graded apodizers can be well approximated by shaped binary occulting masks. Indeed optimal shapes have been designed that can achieve smaller inner working angles than conventional coronagraphs and yet have high effective throughput allowing smaller aperture telescopes to achieve the same coronagraphic resolution and similar sensitivity as larger ones. Herein we report on our ongoing modeling, simulation and optimization of external occulters and show sensitivity results with respect to number and shape errors of petals, spectral passband, accuracy of Fresnel propagation, and show results for both filled and segmented aperture telescopes and discuss acquisition and sensing of the occulter's location relative to the telescope.
Richard G. Lyon; Sally Heap; Amy Lo; Webster Cash; Glenn D. Starkman; Robert J. Vanderbei; N. Jeremy Kasdin; Craig J. Copi
History of Science 157 Sociology of Science
1 History of Science 157 Sociology of Science Fall 2009 Steven Shapin Science Center 469 Tuesdays to thinking about science, its historical development, its relations to society and other forms of culture: Science Center 451 Office hours: Mondays 8:30 -> 10.15, or by arrangement #12;2 E-mail: shapin
Shapin, Steven
www.ucd.ie/science UCD SCIENCE
* D N 200 SC IEN C E 4 N ew Pathw ays to Teaching M athem atics and Science www.ucd.ie/science UCD SCIENCE 2013 Discover. Experience. Choose. #12;2 www.ucd.ie/science Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 6 DN & Biomolecular Sciences Pharmacology 12 DN200 Neuroscience 11 DN200 Plant Biology 14 DN200 Physiology 13 DN200
ARM - Field Campaign - Support for Next-Generation Ecosystem...
you Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Campaign : Support for Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE Arctic) 2012.04.01 - 2013.09.30 Lead Scientist :...
Final Strategic Plan Released by Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Taskforce
Today (December 5) the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force released its final strategy for long-term restoration in the Gulf, a path forward based on input from�states, tribes, federal...
Contact ORNL Neutron Sciences
Sciences Organization Charts Neutron Sciences Directorate Associate Laboratory Director for Neutron Sciences, Kelly Beierschmitt Biology and Soft Matter Division Director, Paul...
More Science | ORNL
Biology Chemistry Engineering Computer Science Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Materials Science and Engineering Mathematics Physics ORNL wins six R&D 100s R&D Magazine recognizes...
NERSC Science Gateways
Analytics & Visualization Science Gateways Demos Database services OpenDAP User Surveys NERSC Users Group User Announcements Help Home For Users Science Gateways Science...
ASCR Science Network Requirements Office of AdvancedScientific Computing Research, DOE Office of ScienceEnergy Sciences Network Gaithersburg, MD � April 15 and 16,
of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientificthe Directors of the Office of Science, Office of Advanced5 Simulation Data Key Remote Science Drivers Instruments and
2010 U.S. Smart Grid Vendor Ecosystem
2010 U.S. Smart Grid Vendor Ecosystem 2010 U.S. Smart Grid Vendor Ecosystem Report on the companies and market dynamics shaping the current U.S. smart grid landscape The Cleantech Group www.cleantech.com Principal Authors Greg Neichin David Cheng Contributing Authors Sheeraz Haji Josh Gould Debjit Mukerji David Hague 2 Table of Contents Page I. Introduction .............................................................................. 3 In-Depth Market Analysis II. Advanced Metering .......................................................... 19 III. Demand Response ............................................................ 39 IV. Distribution Grid Management ...................................... 57
Size structuring of planktonic communities : biological rates and ecosystem dynamics
measuring growth and mortality rates among Prochlorococcustemperature on metabolic rate. Science 293:2248-2251. Gregg,and temperature on metabolic rate. Science. 293:2248-2251.
Taniguchi, Darcy Anne Akiko
Discussion items for developing an AI Fishery Ecosystem Plan
The SSC has recommended revising the purpose and need statement to explicitly emphasize that the FEP should consider aggregate, cumulative impacts on the Aleutian Islands ecosystem. One of the ways that a FEP might provide added value to the Council, in addition to the many ecosystem-based analyses that are already produced for each Council action, is to focus on the Aleutian Islands and look cumulatively at impacts from all fisheries and non-fishing impacts. The cumulative impact analysis in other documents, such as the Groundfish PSEIS, does look at cumulative fishing and external effects, but from the perspective of the groundfish fisheries rather than the Aleutian Islands ecosystem. A FEP for the AI would provide an opportunity for fishery management to coordinate actions across fisheries. A revision to the purpose statement to reflect such a change might take the form of the bolded text below: The Council recognizes that an explicit Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) is a desirable process for future management of the marine fishery resources in the Alaskan EEZ and therefore is a concept that it wishes to pursue and further implement. A primary component of an EAF is the development of ecosystem-based fishery planning documents, and the Council intends to move forward with such development on a pilot basis. The Council recognizes that the Aleutian Islands ecosystem is a unique environment that supports
Need Statement
Urban Ecosystems, 7: 175178, 2004 c 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Manufactured in The Netherlands.
, and ecosystem function in the urban fringe. Nassauer, Allan, Johengan, Kosek, and Infante examine how
Estimating the Seasonal Carbon Source-Sink Geography of a Natural, Steady-State Terrestrial Biosphere
The seasonal dynamics of biospheric-carbon sources and sinks represents a needed input to global atmospheric CO2 studies and models. For the terrestrial biosphere, initial monthly estimates of overall metabolism and net biosphere-atmosphere ...
Elgene O. Box
Remote Sensing of Terrestrial and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Fire Island National
Remote Sensing of Terrestrial and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Fire Island National Seashore Satellite Remote Sensing Data in FIIS Vegetation Mapping The vegetation communities and spatial patterns necessary. #12;Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Seagrass Habitat Mapping Recent development of hyperspectral
Atmospheric photochemistry, surface features, and potential biosignature gases of terrestrial exoplanets
The endeavor to characterize terrestrial exoplanets warrants the study of chemistry in their atmospheres. Here I present a comprehensive one-dimensional photochemistry-thermochemistry model developed from the ground up for ...
Hu, Renyu, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Studies of plume condensation contamination upon surfaces of the Terrestrial Planet Finder spacecraft
There are two competing concepts for the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission, one which involves a single spacecraft, and another comprised of a five craft formation. In addition, there are several propulsion options ...
Pigeon, Timothy David
Inferring Changes in Terrestrial Water Storage Using ERA-40 Reanalysis Data: The Mississippi River Basin
Terrestrial water storage is an essential part of the hydrological cycle, encompassing crucial elements of the climate system, such as soil moisture, groundwater, snow, and land ice. On a regional scale, it is however not a readily measured ...
Sonia I. Seneviratne; Pedro Viterbo; Daniel L�thi; Christoph Sch�r
Grid-BGC: a grid-enabled terrestrial carbon cycle modeling system
Grid-BGC is a Grid-enabled terrestrial biogeochemical cycle simulator collaboratively developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the University of Colorado (CU) with funding from NASA. The primary objective of the project is ...
Jason Cope; Craig Hartsough; Peter Thornton; Henry Tufo; Nathan Wilhelmi; Matthew Woitaszek
EMSL: Science: Cross-Cutting Science
Cross-Cutting Science Areas Cross-cutting science EMSL's integrated approach supports science that doesn't fit easily into single categories. Here we capture EMSL's areas of...
Jefferson Lab Science Series - Adventures in Science
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Understanding Materials Science History, Science, Applications - TMS
Feb 10, 2007 ... CITATION: Hummel, R.E. Understanding Materials Science History, Science, Applications, 2nd Edition, New York: Springer, 2004.
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Bertini, Robert L.
Science in the News
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NIST Forensic Science Research
*. Bookmark and Share. NIST Forensic Science Research. NIST has conducted and supported forensic science research for many decades. ...
NETL: Science Bowl Information
Educational Initiatives > Science Bowl Information Educational Initiatives Science Bowl Information Regional Sites Southwestern PA Regional Site West Virginia Regional Site...
NIST Forensic Science Newsroom
... three publication covers See our latest publications! NIST Forensic Science Newsroom. ... News Archive. NIST Forensic Science News newsletter. ...
Biology | More Science | ORNL
Bioinformatics Nuclear Medicine Climate and Environment Systems Biology Computational Biology Chemistry Engineering Computer Science Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Materials...
Geological Sciences Geological Sciences Atomic-scale structure of the orthoclase (001)-water interface measured with high-resolution x-ray reflectivity P. Fenter, H. Teng, P. Geissbühler, J.M. Hanchar, K.L. Nagy, and N.C. Sturchio Chemical analysis of individual interplanetary dust particles G.J. Flynn, S.R. Sutton, M. Rivers, P. Eng, and M. Newville Diffusion-limited biotransformation of metal contaminants in soils/sediments: chromium T. Tokunaga, J. Wan, D. Joyner, T. Hazen, M. Firestone, E. Schwartz, S. Sutton, and M. Newville Investigation of meteorite porosity by computed microtomography G.J. Flynn, M. Rivers, and S.R. Sutton Microscale imaging of pore structure in hydrothermal sulfide chimneys using synchrotron x-ray computed tomography P. O'Day, J. Muccino, S. Thompson, M.Jew, and J. Holloway
Highlights Highlights Science Highlights Science highlights feature research conducted by staff and users at the ALS. If a Power Point summary slide or a PDF handout of the highlight is available, you will find it linked beneath the highlight listing and on the highlight's page. You may also print a version of a highlight by clicking the print icon associated with each highlight. The Molecular Ingenuity of a Unique Fish Scale Print Monday, 25 November 2013 12:06 ALS research has shown how the scales of a freshwater fish found in the Amazon Basin can literally re-orient themselves in real time to resist force, in essence creating an adaptable body armor. Read more... New Research on Jamming Behavior Expands Understanding Print Tuesday, 22 October 2013 00:00 Recent ALS research has revealed that even magnetic domains behave very much like other granular material systems, and their dynamical behavior mimics the universal characteristics of several jammed systems.
Applied Science Applied Science Correlation of predicted and measured iron oxidation states in mixed iron oxides H. D. Rosenfeld and W. L. Holstein Development of a quantitative measurement of a diesel spray core using synchrotron x-rays C.F. Powell, Y. Yue, S. Gupta, A. McPherson, R. Poola, and J. Wang Localized phase transformations by x-ray-induced heating R.A. Rosenberg, Q. Ma, W. Farrell, E.D. Crozier, G.J. Soerensen, R.A. Gordon, and D.-T. Jiang Resonant x-ray scattering at the Se edge in ferroelectric liquid crystal materials L. Matkin, H. Gleeson, R. Pindak, P. Mach, C. Huang, G. Srajer, and J. Pollmann Synchrotron-radiation-induced anisotropic wet etching of GaAs Q. Ma, D.C. Mancini, and R.A. Rosenberg Synchrotron-radiation-induced, selective-area deposition of gold on
DOUBLE MAJORS Imaging Science + ...
DOUBLE MAJORS Imaging Science + ... Applied Mathematics Biomedical Sciences Computer Science Undergraduate Research Internships and Cooperative Education (Co-op) (optional) Study Abroad WHY IMAGING SCIENCE Science: BS, MS, PhD Color Science: MS, PhD BS + MS/PhD Combos HUMAN VISION BIO- MEDICAL ASTRO- PHYSICS
Zanibbi, Richard
FES Science Network Requirements
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Geddes, Cameron Guy Robinson
Past Science Advisors Early Science Advisors
NSTC NNSA with R&D agencies Science and Technology in the U.S. GovernmentScience and Technology Transportation Defense Energy NSF-36 NIH USGS NOAA NIST Homeland Security DARPA, ONR, AFOSR NSTC NNSA Science NIST Homeland Security DARPA, ONR, AFOSR NSTC NNSA Science and Technology are important to most Federal
Colorado at Boulder, University of
POLITICAL SCIENCE Political science is the study
POLITICAL SCIENCE Political science is the study of governments, public policies, and political behavior. Political science uses both humanistic perspectives and scientific skills to examine the United States and all countries and regions of the world. Students enrolled in Political Science courses explore
and Computing Sciences] 7 Combinators data I r = I r data K a r = K a data U r = U -- for constructors) Fix f r fold alg (In f) = alg (fmap (fold alg) f) #12;[Faculty of Science Information and Computing;[Faculty of Science Information and Computing Sciences] 17 Representing a family data ExprF (r :: ) (ix
[Faculty of Science Information and Computing Sciences] Generic diff Andres Löh joint work with Eelco Lempsink and Sean Leather Dept. of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University IFIP WG 2.1 meeting #64, Weltenburg, April 2, 2009 #12;[Faculty of Science Information and Computing
Life sciences and environmental sciences
The DOE laboratories play a unique role in bringing multidisciplinary talents -- in biology, physics, chemistry, computer sciences, and engineering -- to bear on major problems in the life and environmental sciences. Specifically, the laboratories utilize these talents to fulfill OHER`s mission of exploring and mitigating the health and environmental effects of energy use, and of developing health and medical applications of nuclear energy-related phenomena. At Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) support of this mission is evident across the spectrum of OHER-sponsored research, especially in the broad areas of genomics, structural biology, basic cell and molecular biology, carcinogenesis, energy and environment, applications to biotechnology, and molecular, nuclear and radiation medicine. These research areas are briefly described.
The DOE laboratories play a unique role in bringing multidisciplinary talents -- in biology, physics, chemistry, computer sciences, and engineering -- to bear on major problems in the life and environmental sciences. Specifically, the laboratories utilize these talents to fulfill OHER's mission of exploring and mitigating the health and environmental effects of energy use, and of developing health and medical applications of nuclear energy-related phenomena. At Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) support of this mission is evident across the spectrum of OHER-sponsored research, especially in the broad areas of genomics, structural biology, basic cell and molecular biology, carcinogenesis, energy and environment, applications to biotechnology, and molecular, nuclear and radiation medicine. These research areas are briefly described.
Ecosystem and Wildlife Implications of Brush: Management System Designed to Improve Water Runoff and Percolation
With the settlement of Texas and establishment of ranchers to produce cattle, there was an effort to maximize beef production. This caused serious overgrazing. In addition, there was a reduced incidence of fires across the landscape to clear out brush. These factors led to deterioration of the grazing lands and provided an opportunity for invasive intrusion by brush and other species onto the land and riparian zones. There has been a large-scale conversion from grasslands and savannahs to wildlands over the last 150 years (Scholes and Archer, 1997). The overall impacts are significantly impaired uplands and reduced percolation and surface flow of water from rainfall which caused changes and loss in basic aquatic and terrestrial habitat. The State of Texas adopted a program to study and implement brush management systems across the state to improve the water availability in streams, rivers, reservoirs and aquifers, as well as to improve the rangelands. The feasibility studies have shown great promise for improving ranchland and improving the water situation. However, there is less known about the aquatic and wildlife species response implications of brush management. Certainly, there are opportunities for improving the viability of an ecosystem through brush management strategies and continuing management practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in hydrology and biological diversity associated with brush management in two watersheds where significant data was already available. This study focused on assessing the aquatic and terrestrial species implications related to specified brush management strategies over time. This involved an integrated analysis including modeling of the landscape, assessing biological diversity and developing economic implications for the two watersheds (Twin Buttes and Edwards regions). Thus, this study is comprised of three parts: modeling of brush management strategies temporally, assessing biological diversity (aquatic and terrestrial) and estimating economic implications. This represents a complex analysis involving variable units and multiple disciplines. Previous feasibility studies of brush removal have been targeted at maximizing water runoff. This analysis is an extension that is designed to examine the implications of brush management under a more restrictive set of brush removal criteria that were chosen based upon wildlife considerations. To achieve the integration of hydrologic modeling, range ecology, and economic implications, there were three team meetings bringing together all components to review status and set priorities for the remainder of the work. In addition, scientists in the three basic groups of specialization interacted daily along with representatives of the Corps of Engineers to assure that each decision was reflected in other parts of the analyses. The major addition of this analysis to brush management feasibility studies being conducted as part of the Texas brush management plan is the consideration of wildlife and aquatic biota and assessing changes in biological diversity likely to result from alternative brush management scenarios.
Arrington, D. Albrey; Conner, Richard; Dugas, William; Hejl, Sallie; Magness, Dawn; Muttiah, Ranjan; Olenick, Keith; Rosenthal, Wes; Srinivasan, Raghavan; Winemiller, Kirk O.; Zinn, Michele; Wilkins, Neal; Amonett, Carl; Bednarz, Steve; Dybala, Tim; Griffith, Rebecca; Jarboe, Hank
Atmospheric and Climate Science | Argonne National Laboratory
Atmospheric and Climate Science Atmospheric and Climate Science Argonne research in aerosols, micro-meteorology, remote sensing, and atmospheric chemistry combined with our scalable, portable, high-performance climate and weather applications offer a unique look at the complexities of a dynamic planet. Changes in climate can affect biodiversity, the cost of food, our health, and even whole economies. Argonne is developing computational models and tools designed to shed light on complex biological processes and their economic, social, and health effects. Research spans the molecular level to whole organisms and their interaction with climate, the ecosystem, and human activities. The goal is to improve our understanding of the world around us while increasing the accuracy of regional climate models to
Environmental Sciences Division annual progress report for period ending September 30, 1992
This progress report summarizes the research and development activities conducted in the Environmental Sciences Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory during fiscal year (FY) 1992, which which extended from October 1, 1991, through September 30, 1992. This report is structured to provide descriptions of current activities and accomplishments in each of the division's major organizational units. Section activities are described in the Earth and Atmospheric sciences, ecosystem studies, Environmental analysis, environmental biotechnology, and division operations.
This progress report summarizes the research and development activities conducted in the Environmental Sciences Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory during fiscal year (FY) 1992, which which extended from October 1, 1991, through September 30, 1992. This report is structured to provide descriptions of current activities and accomplishments in each of the division`s major organizational units. Section activities are described in the Earth and Atmospheric sciences, ecosystem studies, Environmental analysis, environmental biotechnology, and division operations.
Innovation Ecosystems Spur Rapid Growth for Startups, Entrepreneurs |
Innovation Ecosystems Spur Rapid Growth for Startups, Entrepreneurs Innovation Ecosystems Spur Rapid Growth for Startups, Entrepreneurs Innovation Ecosystems Spur Rapid Growth for Startups, Entrepreneurs September 14, 2011 - 4:22pm Addthis Rich Earley, CEO of Clean Urban Energy presents at Clean Energy Trust's Clean Energy Challenge in March 2011 | Courtesy of Clean Energy Trust Rich Earley, CEO of Clean Urban Energy presents at Clean Energy Trust's Clean Energy Challenge in March 2011 | Courtesy of Clean Energy Trust Sarah Jane Maxted Special Assistant, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy What does this project do? Smart grid start-up company Clean Urban Energy secured $75,000 for its energy storage and smart grid performance optimization technology. Their system harnesses a building's inherent thermal mass to drive
Web of Science Welcome to the Web of Science................................................................................................ 2
Web of Science #12; Welcome to the Web of Science................................................................................................ 2 Web of Science.................................................................................................................. 4 ISI Web of Knowledge
Huang, Su-Yun
Effects of Serial Dependence and Large-Scale Tropospheric Circulation on Midlatitude North American Terrestrial Carbon Dioxide Exchange
Linear regression was used to relate modes of tropospheric circulation variability to estimates of gross ecosystem production (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) measured at 14 midlatitude North American eddy covariance (EC) towers. The North ...
Robbie A. Hember; Peter M. Lafleur
Water Science and Technology Board. Annual report 1991
This report summarizes the activities of the Water Science and Technology Board during 1991. The WSTB is intended to be a dynamic forum, a mechanism by which the broad community of water science, technology, and policy professionals can help assure high-quality national water programs. The principal products of WSTB studies are written reports which cover a wide range of water resources issues of current national concern. A few recent examples are: Restoration of aquatic ecosystems - science, technologies and public policy; Water transfers in the West - efficiency, equity and the environment; Opportunities in the hydrologic sciences; and Ground water models - scientific and regulatory applications. Projects completed, ongoing studies and published reports are described in detail in their respective sections of this report.
Biological Science
Biological Science Biological Science A unique zinc-binding site revealed by the high-resolution x-ray structure of homotrimeric Apo2L/TRAIL S.G. Hymowitz, M.P. O'Connell, M.H. Ultsch, A. Hurst, K. Totpal, A. Ashkenazi, R.F. Kelley, and A.M. de Vos b-carbonic anhydrase active site architecture is a mirror image of a-carbonic anhydrases E.F. Pai and M.S. Kimber Binding of Cd ions to the cell wall of B. Subtilis - an EXAFS study M. Boyanov, D. Fowle, K. Kemner, B. Bunker, and J. Fein Crystallographic evidence for Try157 functioning as the active site base in human UDP-galactose 4-epimerase J.B. Thoden, T.M. Wohlers, J.L. Fridovich-Keil, and H.M. Holden Crystallographic studies of dsDNA phage HK97 structure and maturation W.R. Wikoff, Z. Che, W. Schildkamp, L. Liljas, R.L. Duda, R.W. Hendrix, and
Chemical Science
Chemical Science Chemical Science Compton double ionization of helium in the region of the cross-section maximum B. Krässig, R.W. Dunford, D.S. Gemmell, S. Hasegawa, E.P. Kanter, H. Schmidt-Böcking, W. Schmitt, S.H. Southworth, Th. Weber, and L. Young Crystal structure analysis of microporous Na16Nb12.8Ti3.2O44.8(OH)3.2l8H2O and Na/Nb/Zr/O/H2O phases A. Tripathi, J. Parise, M. Nyman, T.M. Nenoff, and W. Harrison Double K-photoionization of heavy atoms R.W. Dunford, D.S. Gemmell, E.P. Kanter, B. Krässig, and S.H. Southworth Forward-backward asymmetries of atomic photoelectrons S.H. Southworth, B. Krässig, E.P. Kanter, J.C. Bilheux, R.W. Dunford, D.S. Gemmell, S. Hasegawa, and L. Young In situreduction of various iron oxides to form high-surface-area Fe-metal catalysts as studied by high-resolution powder diffraction
GRADUATE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN APPLIED SCIENCE Effects of Hydroelectric Operations in Canadian Aquatic Ecosystems
. C. CAUDILL Fish Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, College ascension and fallback over a series of large hydroelectric dams within the migration corridor, were hydroelectric dams, a behaviour termed `fallback'. On average, 1522% of the fishes from studied runs of chinook
Cooke, Steven J.
November 2000 / Vol. 50 No. 11 BioScience 947 Soil as an Endangered Ecosystem
30 to 40 tons per hectare, leaving the land unprotected from rainfall and wind energy.Adding insult. Another concern is the estimated $20 billion cost of fertilizer nutrients that are lost each year through
Sparks, Donald L.
Supercomputing | Computer Science | ORNL
Resilience Engineering of Scientific Software Translation Quantum Computing Machine Learning Information Retrieval Content Tagging Visual Analytics Data Earth Sciences Energy Science Future Technology Knowledge Discovery Materials Mathematics National Security Systems Modeling Engineering Analysis Behavioral Sciences Geographic Information Science and Technology Quantum Information Science Supercomputing and Computation Home | Science & Discovery | Supercomputing and Computation | Research Areas | Computer Science SHARE Computer Science Computer Science at ORNL involves extreme scale scientific simulations through research and engineering efforts advancing the state of the art in algorithms, programming environments, tools, and system software. ORNL's work is strongly motivated by, and often carried out in direct
Materials Science | Department of Energy
Economy Funding Opportunities State & Local Government Science & Innovation Science & Technology Science Education Innovation Energy Sources Energy Usage Energy Efficiency...
Behavioral Sciences | ornl.gov
Chemistry Computational Engineering Computer Science Data Earth Sciences Energy Science Future Technology Knowledge Discovery Materials Mathematics National Security Systems...
NREL: Energy Sciences - Theoretical Materials Science
Computational Materials Science Solid-State Theory Materials Science Hydrogen Technology & Fuel Cells Process Technology & Advanced Concepts Research Staff Computational Science Printable Version Theoretical Materials Science Learn about our research staff including staff profiles, publications, and contact information. Using modern computational techniques, the Theoretical Materials Science Group, within NREL's Chemical and Materials Science Center, applies quantum mechanics to complex materials, yielding quantitative predictions to guide and interact with experimental explorations. Current research focuses on the following efforts: Design new photovoltaic materials that can improve solar cell efficiency and reduce its cost. Explain the underlying physics of new
ORISE: Center for Science Education
Center for Science Education ORAU Center for Science Education ORAU Center for Science Education Completed in January 2009, the Center for Science Education was established to...
Science DMZ Implemented at NERSC
Science Cafe
Cafés Cafés Science Cafe November 1, 2013 Print Tuesday, 24 September 2013 15:00 Friday, November 1@ 12 noon in USB 15-253 jackson Exposing the Trade Secrets of Ancient Roman Engineers: Nano-Structure and Material Properties of Al-tobermorite in 2000-Year-Old Seawater Harbor Concrete Marie Jackson, UC Berkeley, Beamlines 5.3.2, 12.2.2,12.3.2 DNA Labelled with Gold Greg Hura, Physical Biosciences Division, Beamline 12.3.1 robin Pseudo-Single-Bunch Operation with Adjustable Frequency - A New Operation Mode for the ALS Dave Robin, AFRD August 29, 2013 Print Thursday, 11 April 2013 08:37 Date-Change: Thursday, August 29 @ 12 noon in USB 15-253 beavers Under Pressure: Why Diamonds Are a Crystallographer's Best Friend! Christine Beavers, Experimental Systems Group, Beamline 11.3.1
Sustainable ecosystems: enabled by supply and demand management
Continued population growth, coupled with increased per capita consumption of resources, poses a challenge to the quality of life of current and future generations. We cannot expect to meet the future needs of society simply by extending existing infrastructures. ... Keywords: IT, available energy, data center, ecosystems, energy, exergy, sustainability, sustainable
Chandrakant D. Patel
Large IT projects as interventions in digital ecosystems
Large IT projects, such as the US Government's Internal Revenue Service Business Modernization Effort, can take a decade or more and consume billions of dollars. Traditional approaches to the study of such projects emphasize concerns such as monitoring ... Keywords: IRS, case study, ecosystem, large IT projects, longitudinal analyses, secondary data
Sandeep Purao; Kevin Desouza
Simulation of hydrologic influences on wetland ecosystem succession. Master's thesis
This research focuses on the development of a simulation model to determine the affects of hydrological influences on a wetland ecosystem. The model allows perturbations to the inputs of various wetland data which in turn, influences the successional development of the ecosystem. This research consisted of converting a grassland ecosystem model to one which simulates wetland conditions. The critical factor in determining the success of wetland creation is the hydrology of the system. There are four of the areas of the original model which are affected by the hydrology. The model measures the health or success of the ecosystem through the measurement of the systems gross plant production, the respiration and the net primary production of biomass. Altering the auxiliary variables of water level and the rate of flow through the system explicitly details the affects hydrologic influences on those production rates. Ten case tests depicting exogenous perturbations of the hydrology were run to identify these affects. Although the tests dealt with the fluctuation of water through the system, any one of the auxiliary variables in the model could be changed to reflect site specific data. Productivity, Hazardous material management, Hazardous material pharmacy.
Pompilio, R.A.
Prescribed Burning in the Kings River Ecosystems Project Area: Lessons
Prescribed Burning in the Kings River Ecosystems Project Area: Lessons Learned1 David S. Mc burning was initiated in 1994 in two 32,000-acre watersheds in the Kings River District of the Sierra various effects of these fires. Approximately 11,900 acres of prescription burns were completed by the end
Standiford, Richard B.
ARTEMiS (Automated Robotic Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search) - A possible expert-system based cooperative effort to hunt for planets of Earth mass and below
(abridged) The technique of gravitational microlensing is currently unique in its ability to provide a sample of terrestrial exoplanets around both Galactic disk and bulge stars, allowing to measure their abundance and determine their distribution with respect to mass and orbital separation. In order to achieve these goals in reasonable time, a well-coordinated effort involving a network of either 2m or 4 x 1m telescopes at each site is required. It could lead to the first detection of an Earth-mass planet outside the Solar system, and even planets less massive than Earth could be discovered. From April 2008, ARTEMiS (Automated Robotic Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search) is planned to provide a platform for a three-step strategy of survey, follow-up, and anomaly monitoring. As an expert system embedded in eSTAR (e-Science Telescopes for Astronomical Research), ARTEMiS will give advice on the optimal targets to be observed at any given time, and will also alert on deviations from ordinary microlensing light curves by means of the SIGNALMEN anomaly detector. While the use of the VOEvent (Virtual Observatory Event) protocol allows a direct interaction with the telescopes that are part of the HTN (Heterogeneous Telescope Networks) consortium, additional interfaces provide means of communication with all existing microlensing campaigns that rely on human observers. The success of discovering a planet by microlensing critically depends on the availability of a telescope in a suitable location at the right time, which can mean within 10 min. Real-time modelling offers the opportunity of live discovery of extra-solar planets, thereby providing ''Science live to your home''.
M. Dominik; K. Horne; A. Allan; N. J. Rattenbury; Y. Tsapras; C. Snodgrass; M. F. Bode; M. J. Burgdorf; S. N. Fraser; E. Kerins; C. J. Mottram; I. A. Steele; R. A. Street; P. J. Wheatley; L. Wyrzykowski
Terrestrial origin of SNC meteorites and 30 Myr extinctions' shower source
Strong strengthening of material under high confining pressure and jet nature of outflow from impact craters permit to show meteoroid impacts of >=10E6 Mt TNT equivalent are capable of ejecting rocks up to ~1 km in size from the Earth into space. That permits one to propose the terrestrial origin of some NEA's and SNC meteorites. It is shown the isotopic anomalies of nitrogen, argon and xenon can be related with terrestrial mantle samples. The same applies to the oxygen isotope shifts if one recalls the known manifestations of the kinetic effects of isotopic fractionation.
E. M. Drobyshevski
E-Science Day
on December 6, 2011, E-Science Day was a day-long event,regional librarians in e-science, and to expose regionalthe initiation of e-science support projects within their
Abad, Raquel
Communicating Evolution as Science
thuringiensis toxins. Science. 1992;258(5087):1451�5. MillerRT, Ruse M. But is it science? Amherst, NY: Prometheusto the philosophy of science: theory and reality. Chicago:
Thanukos, Anastasia
the Directors of the Office of Science, Office of AdvancedOffice of Basic Energy Sciences. This is LBNL report LBNL-BES Science Network Requirements Report of the Basic Energy
Science-Driven Network
Science-Driven Network Requirements for ESnet Update to the 2002 Office of Science Networking Requirements Workshop Report February 21, 2006 1-1 Science-Driven Network Requirements...
Bimodality in a Monostable Climate�Ecosystem: The Role of Climate Variability and Soil Moisture Memory
The probabilistic modal response of vegetation to stochastic precipitation variability is studied in a conceptual climate�ecosystem model. It is found that vegetation can exhibit bimodality in a monostable climate�ecosystem under strong rainfall ...
Zhengyu Liu
2010 U.S. Smart Grid Vendor Ecosystem Report on the companies...
U.S. Smart Grid Vendor Ecosystem Report on the companies and market dynamics shaping the current U.S. smart grid landscape 2010 U.S. Smart Grid Vendor Ecosystem Report on the...
Welcome to Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology: Editorial
This editorial introduces readers and contributors to a new online journal. Through the publication of articles ranging from peer-reviewed research papers and short communications, to editorials and interviews on greenhouse gas emissions science and technology, this journal will disseminate research results and information that address the global crisis of anthropogenic climate change. The scope of the journal includes the full spectrum of research areas from capture and separation of greenhouse gases from flue gases and ambient air, to beneficial utilization, and to sequestration in deep geologic formations and terrestrial (plant and soil) systems, as well as policy and technoeconomic analyses of these approaches.
Oldenburg, C.M.; Maroto-Valer, M.M.
Seasonal and inter-annual variability in 13C composition of ecosystem carbon fluxes in the U.S. Southern Great Plains
The {delta}{sup 13}C signature of terrestrial carbon fluxes ({delta}{sub bio}) provides an important constraint for inverse models of CO{sub 2} sources and sinks, insight into vegetation physiology, C{sub 3} and C{sub 4} vegetation productivity, and ecosystem carbon residence times. From 2002-2009, we measured atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration and {delta}{sup 13}C-CO{sub 2} at four heights (2 to 60 m) in the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP) and computed {delta}{sub bio} weekly. This region has a fine-scale mix of crops (primarily C{sub 3} winter wheat) and C{sub 4} pasture grasses. {delta}{sub bio} had a large and consistent seasonal cycle of 6-8{per_thousand}. Ensemble monthly mean {delta}{sub bio} ranged from -25.8 {+-} 0.4{per_thousand} ({+-}SE) in March to -20.1 {+-} 0.4{per_thousand} in July. Thus, C{sub 3} vegetation contributed about 80% of ecosystem fluxes in winter-spring and 50% in summer-fall. In contrast, prairie-soil {delta}{sub 13}C values were about -15{per_thousand}, indicating that historically the region was dominated by C{sub 4} vegetation and had more positive {delta}{sub bio} values. Based on a land-surface model, isofluxes ({delta}{sub bio} x NEE) in this region have large seasonal amplitude because {delta}{sub bio} and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) covary. Interannual variability in isoflux was driven by variability in NEE. The large seasonal amplitude in {delta}{sub bio} and isoflux imply that carbon inverse analyses require accurate estimates of land cover and temporally resolved {sup 13}CO{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} fluxes.
Torn, M.S.; Biraud, S.; Still, C.J.; Riley, W.J.; Berry, J.A.
National Security Science
NSS cover - april NSS cover - april Read the April 2013 issue: web | interactive| pdf Skip to Content Skip to Search Skip to Utility Navigation Skip to Top Navigation Skip to Content Navigation Los Alamos National Laboratory submit About | Mission | Business | Newsroom | Phonebook Los Alamos National Laboratory links to site home page Science & Innovation Collaboration Careers, Jobs Community, Environment Science & Innovation Home » Science & Engineering Capabilities Accelerators, Electrodynamics Bioscience, Biosecurity, Health Chemical Science Earth, Space Sciences Energy Engineering High Energy Density Plasmas, Fluids Information Science, Computing, Applied Math Materials Science National Security, Weapons Science Nuclear & Particle Physics, Astrophysics, Cosmology
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Lederman Science Center: Fermilab Science for Kids and Educators LSC Home Plan a Visit DirectionsMap Exhibits: Overview - List - Physics Playground LSC Floorplan LSC Store...
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... Life Sciences News. ... may be within reach of every doctor's office if recent ... NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology researchers Gregg ...
Science Accelerator Widget
Science Accelerator Widget You can now explore multiple Science Accelerator features through the new tabbed widget. Download this tool via the 'Get Widget Options' link or by...
Basic Energy Sciences
http:science.energy.govbesaboutjobs Below is a list of currently open federal employment opportunities in the Office of Science. Prospective applicants should follow the...
Fusion Energy Sciences
http:science.energy.govfesaboutjobs Below is a list of currently open federal employment opportunities in the Office of Science. Prospective applicants should follow the...
BNL | Computational Science Center
Computational Science Center Home Research Support Areas Publications Staff EBC Environmental, Biological, and Computational Sciences Directorate CSC image CSC image CSC image CSC...
Science Conference Proceedings
energy, aeronautics and astronautics, meteorology, engineering, computer science, electric power, and fossil fuels The OSTI Science Conference Proceedings portal was devised to...
Science Fair Projects
Science Fair Projects NEWTON Ask A Scientist program is not designed to provide science fair ideas or deal with individual project problems. Our program is designed to answer...
NEWTON's General Science Videos
General Science Videos Do you have a great general science video? Please click our Ideas page. Featured Videos: Videos from National Geographic Kids Videos from National Geographic...
DOE Science Showcase - Nanotechnology
valuable way to spotlight needs and target resources in this critical area of science and technology. Nanotechnology Research Results in DOE Databases DOepatents ScienceCinema...
NEWTON's Computer Science Archive
Computer Science Archive: Loading Most Recent Computer Science Questions: Preparation for Video Game Creator Most Common Programming and Web Script How Does Spell Check Work? How...
Energy Science at NERSC
Artificial Photosynthesis II - EFRC Carbon Capture and Sequestration Activities at NERSC Novel Methods for Harvesting Solar Energy Engineering Science Environmental Science Fusion...
Electron Microscopy Lab Ion Beam Materials Lab Proton Radiography Trident Laser Facility Research Library Faces of Science 70 Years of Innovation Science Programs Applied Energy...
Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Pod vod?renskou v 2, 182 07 Prague 8, Czech Republic. phone: (+420)266052083�...
NEWTON's General Science Archive
General Science Archive: Loading Most Recent General Science Questions: What is Equilibrium? Banana and Human Genetics Hair Examination Body Buffer Action Jellyfish : Plant or...
Utilization of Biomass in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems: A Summary and Synthesis1
Utilization of Biomass in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems: A Summary and Synthesis1 C. Eugene Conrad of Mediterranean- type ecosystems to supply biomass as a supplemen- tal source of energy is a natural result to less than 25° C. Also, wet-season precip- itation approaches 1000 mm. Biomass from such ecosystems
Terrestrial laser scanning for measuring the solid wood volume, including branches, of adult standing trees in the forest environment
This study evaluates the potential of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to assess the solid wood volume (i.e., stem and branch diameters of more than 7cm) of adult standing trees in the forest environment. The solid wood volume of 42 trees of different ... Keywords: 3D tree modelling, Forestry, LiDAR, Terrestrial laser scanning, Wood volume
Mathieu Dassot; Aur�Lie Colin; Philippe Santenoise; Meriem Fournier; Thi�Ry Constant
NEWTON's Material Science Videos
Material Science Videos Material Science Videos Do you have a great material science video? Please click our Ideas page. Featured Videos: University of Maryland - Material Science University of Maryland - Material Science The Department of Materials Science and Engineering offers a set of videos about various topics in material science to help students understand what material science is. Learn about plasma, polymers, liquid crystals and much more. LearnersTV.com - Material Science LearnersTV.com - Material Science LearnersTV.com offers a series of educational material science lectures that are available to the public for free. Learn about topics like polymers, non-crystalline solids, crystal geometry, phase diagrams, phase transformations and more. NanoWerk - Nanotechnology Videos NanoWerk - Nanotechnology Videos
A Modeling Study of the ENSO Influence on the Terrestrial Energy Profile in North America
The influence of the El Ni�o�Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the terrestrial energy profile over North America is studied using a 15-yr model simulation. A large-area basin scale (LABs) land surface model is driven using the European Centre for ...
Ji Chen; Praveen Kumar
Monitoring Precipitation over the Arctic Terrestrial Drainage System: Data Requirements, Shortcomings, and Applications of Atmospheric Reanalysis
An effort is under way aimed at historical analysis and monitoring of the pan-Arctic terrestrial drainage system. A key element is the provision of gridded precipitation time series that can be readily updated. This has proven to be a daunting ...
Mark C. Serreze; Martyn P. Clark; David H. Bromwich
Elevated Trace Element Concentrations in Southern Toads, Bufo terrestris, Exposed to Coal Combustion Waste
Elevated Trace Element Concentrations in Southern Toads, Bufo terrestris, Exposed to Coal, and behavioral abnormalities in amphibians to coal combustion wastes (coal ash). Few studies, however, have determined trace element concentrations in amphibians exposed to coal ash. In the current study we compare
Hopkins, William A.
Supervised identification and reconstruction of near-planar geological surfaces from terrestrial laser scanning
Terrestrial laser scanning is an effective method for digitally capturing outcrops, enabling them to be visualized, analyzed, and revisited in an office environment without the limitations of fieldwork (such as time constraints, weather conditions, outcrop ... Keywords: Bedding, Fractures, LIDAR, Moment of inertia analysis, Outcrop characterization, Segmentation
D. Garc�A-Sell�S; O. Falivene; P. Arbu�S; O. Gratacos; S. Tavani; J. A. Mu�Oz
BGP-S: a protocol for terrestrial and satellite network integration in network layer
To accomplish network layer integration of terrestrial and satellite IP networks, special exterior gateway protocols are needed. In this work, a new exterior gateway protocol called Border Gateway Protocol-Satellite version (BGP-S) is introduced that ... Keywords: BGP-4, IP-based routing, exterior gateway protocol, satellite networks
Eylem Ekici; Chao Chen
TQ2. Global Biomass Burning What is the impact of global biomass burning on the terrestrial
TQ2. Global Biomass Burning What is the impact of global biomass burning on the terrestrial and land use. MODIS active fire detections 2000-2006 for Southern California 2001-2004 mean annual burned (bottom), expressed as fraction of grid cell that burns each year. From Giglio et al. (2005), Atmos. Chem
Christian, Eric
Multiplexed Biomolecular Science Group Homepage
Multiplexed Biomolecular Science Group. Welcome. The Multiplexed Biomolecular Science Group conducts research in ...
Cloud Computing Forensic Science Workshop
Cloud Computing Forensic Science Workshop. Purpose: The New Frontiers in IT and Measurement Science Rapid advances ...
Photon Sciences | About the Photon Sciences Directorate
About the Photon Sciences Directorate About the Photon Sciences Directorate The Photon Sciences Directorate operates the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) and is constructing the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), both funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science. These facilities support a large community of scientists using photons (light) to carry out research in energy and environmental sciences, physics, materials science, chemistry, biology and medicine. NSLS National Synchrotron Light Source NSLS-II National Synchrotron Light Source II This is a very exciting period for photon sciences at Brookhaven Lab and a time of unprecedented growth for the directorate. The NSLS-II Project is progressing rapidly and smoothly through design and construction, driven by
Modeling Plot-Level Biomass and Volume Using Airborne and Terrestrial Lidar Measurements
The United States Forest Service (USFS) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program provides a diverse selection of data used to assess the status of the nation�s forested areas using sample locations dispersed throughout the country. Airborne, and more recently, terrestrial lidar (light detection and ranging) systems are capable of producing accurate measurements of individual tree dimensions and also possess the ability to characterize three-dimensional vertical forest structure. This study investigates the potential of airborne and terrestrial scanning lidar systems for modeling forest volume and aboveground biomass on FIA subplots in the Malheur National Forest, eastern Oregon. A methodology for the creation of five airborne lidar metric sets (four point cloud-based and one individual tree based) and four terrestrial lidar metric sets (three height-based and one distance-based) is presented. Metrics were compared to estimates of subplot aboveground biomass and gross volume derived from FIA data using national and regional allometric equations respectively. Simple linear regression models from the airborne lidar data accounted for 15 percent of the variability in subplot biomass and 14 percent of the variability in subplot volume, while multiple linear regression models increased these amounts to 29 percent and 25 percent, respectively. When subplot estimates of biophysical parameters were scaled to the plot-level and compared with plot-level lidar metrics, simple linear regression models were able to account for 60 percent of the variability in biomass and 71 percent of the variation in volume. Terrestrial lidar metrics produced moderate results with simple linear regression models accounting for 41 percent of the variability in biomass and 46 percent of the variability in volume, with multiple linear regression models accounting for 71 percent and 84 percent, respectively. Results show that: (1) larger plot sizes help to mitigate errors and produce better models; and (2) a combination of height-based and distance-based terrestrial lidar metrics has the potential to estimate biomass and volume on FIA subplots.
Sheridan, Ryan D.
Applied Quantum Information Science
Applied Quantum Information Science. Summary: Theory is being developed and used to devise methods for preserving ...
Architecture Bachelor of Science
Architecture Bachelor of Science 201213 Degree Map First Year Fall Winter Spring Notes Freshman Inquiry 5 ARCH 100 4 ARCH 101 4 Science Elective 4 ARCH 120 4 ARCH 121 4 Math 4 ARCH 232 4 ARCH 280 6 ARCH 281 6 Lab Science Elective 4 Lab Science Elective 4
Education research Primary Science
Education research Primary Science Survey Report December 2011 #12;Primary Science Survey Report, Wellcome Trust 1 Background In May 2009 Key Stage 2 science SATs (Standard Assessment Tests) were abolished fiasco might occur, where the results were delayed and their quality questioned. The loss of science SATs
Rambaut, Andrew
Solar Energy Science Projects
Energy Science Projects Curriculum: Solar Power -(thermodynamics, lightelectromagnetic, radiation, energy transformation, conductionconvection, seasons, trigonometry) Grade...
Consequences of natural upwelling in oligotrophic marine ecosystems
One of the major environmental consequences of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plans may be the artificial upwelling of nutrients to the surface waters of oligotrophic ecosystems. Within a 10 km/sup 2/ area, OTEC plants of 1000 MWe total capacity could upwell the same amount of nutrients as occurs naturally off Peru each day. The biological response to possible eutrophication by OTEC plants may not be similar to that within coastal upwelling ecosystems, however. Upwelling in offshore oceanic systems does not lead to increased primary production despite high nutrient content of the euphotic zone. Continuous grazing may not allow phytoplankton blooms to develop in oceanic upwelling systems to the proposed OTEC sites. At present this is a hypothesis to be tested before full evaluation of OTEC induced upwelling can be made.
Walsh, J J
Science DMZ Case Studies
Studies Studies About ESnet Overview ESnet Staff Governance Our Network Case Studies OSCARS Case Studies Science DMZ Case Studies Science DMZ CU Science DMZ Penn State & VTTI Science DMZ NOAA Science DMZ NERSC Science DMZ ALS Multi-facility Workflow LCLS ESnet Strategic Plan ESnet Organizational Chart ESnet History Science Requirements Careers Contact Us Technical Assistance: 1 800-33-ESnet (Inside the US) 1 800-333-7638 (Inside the US) 1 510-486-7600 (Globally) 1 510-486-7607 (Globally) Report Network Problems: email@example.com Provide Web Site Feedback: email@example.com Science DMZ Case Studies Developed by ESnet engineers, the Science DMZ model addresses common network performance problems encountered at any institution by creating an environment that is tailored to the needs of high performance science
NEWTON's Material Science References
Material Science References Material Science References Do you have a great material science reference link? Please click our Ideas page. Featured Reference Links: Materials Research Society Materials Research Society The Materials Research Society has assembled many resources in its Materials Science Enthusiasts site. This site has information for the K-12 audience, general public, and materials science professionals. Material Science nanoHUB nanHUB.org is the place for nanotechnology research, education, and collaboration. There are Simulation Programs, Online Presentations, Courses, Learning Modules, Podcasts, Animations, Teaching Materials, and more. (Intened for high school and up) Materials Science Resources on the Web Materials Science Resources on the Web This site gives a good general introduction into material science. Sponsered by Iowa State, it talks about what material science is, ceramics and composites, and other topics.
NEWTON's General Science References
General Science References General Science References Do you have a great general science reference link? Please click our Ideas page. Featured Reference Links: First.gov Science and Technology First.gov Science and Technology This site, sponsered by the US Government provides reference links to topics on science, telecommunications, computers, research agencies, and news. NASA Science NASA Science NASA Science, is a website sponsered by NASA, that supplies resources for understanding our world and the world above. Topics include earth science, heliophysics, the planets, astrophysics and much more. There is also an educator page! Nobel Laueate Listings and Stories Nobel Laueate Listings and Stories See the official site for the Nobel Prize, and read biographies about all of the Nobel Laureates, and there life changing discoveries and accomplishments.
1 1 2010 U.S. Smart Grid Vendor Ecosystem Report on the companies and market dynamics shaping the current U.S. smart grid landscape The Cleantech Group www.cleantech.com Principal Authors Greg Neichin David Cheng Contributing Authors Sheeraz Haji Josh Gould Debjit Mukerji David Hague 2 Table of Contents Page I. Introduction .............................................................................. 3 In-Depth Market Analysis II. Advanced Metering .......................................................... 19 III. Demand Response ............................................................ 39
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property
Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily�and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.
Schmidt, M.W.; Torn, M. S.; Abiven, S.; Dittmar, T.; Guggenberger, G.; Janssens, I.A.; Kleber, M.; K�gel-Knabner, I.; Lehmann, J.; Manning, D.A.C.; Nannipieri, P.; Rasse, D.P.; Weiner, S.; Trumbore, S.E.
Science Thems Scientific Integration Through Innovation SCIENCE
Scientific Scientific Integration Through Innovation SCIENCE THEMES Science Themes focus EMSL's research direction and capability decisions. They help define and direct both the collection of user research projects accepted via EMSL's user proposal process and the development of its key capabilities made available to users, with an eye toward enhancing scientific progress in the areas of environmental molecular science most critical to DOE and the nation. Each individual Science Theme emphasizes drivers important to a field of science, and as a strong family, the themes share significant overlap and linked areas of common scientific interest. Thus, the scope of a research project in EMSL may impact all three Science Themes: Biological Interactions and Dynamics - Developing a quantitative, systems-
Ecosystem health at the texas coastal bend: a spatial analysis of exposure and response
This dissertation investigated locational risks to ecosystem health associated with proximity to industrial complexes. The study was performed at the behest of ranchers and citizens living and working down-prevailing wind from the Formosa Plastics, Inc. and ALCOA facilities located in Calhoun County, Texas. Concerns expressed were for potential genotoxicity resulting from exposure to complex chemical mixtures released by the facilities. Exposure assessment of the marine environment was performed with sediments and oysters from Lavaca Bay being analyzed. Numerous chemicals were found to be present at concentrations considered likely to result in adverse responses in exposed populations. Bayesian geostatistical analysis was performed to determine if the concentrations were affected by a spatial process. Mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the most notable of the chemicals found to be present at elevated concentrations and affected by a spatial process. Evaluation of maps generated from spatial modeling revealed that proximity to ALCOA resulted in elevated risks for exposure to harmful concentrations of pollutants. Genotoxicity was measured in two sentinel species. Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were utilized for evaluation of the marine environment and cattle (Bos taurus and Bos taurus crossbred cattle) were chosen for evaluation of the terrestrial environment. Chromosomal aberration analysis was performed on oyster hematocytes. Analysis of the results failed to demonstrate the presence of an important generalized spatial process but some specific locations close to the ALCOA plant had elevations in this measure of genotoxicity. Stress as measured by the lysosomal destabilization assay was also performed on oyster hematocytes. These results were found to be affected by a significant spatial process with the highest degree of destabilization occurring in close proximity to ALCOA. Genotoxicity in cattle was evaluated with the single cell gel electrophoresis assay and chromosomal aberration analysis. Bayesian geostatistical analyis revealed the presence of important spatial processes. DNA-protein cross-linkage was the most notable with a strong indication of increased damage down-prevailing wind from the industrial complexes. Results indicated that proximity to industrial facilities increased the risk for harmful exposures, genotoxicity, and lysosomal destabilization.
Bissett, Wesley Thurlow, Jr.
Ecosystem health at the Texas coastal bend: a spatial analysis of exposure and response
Ecosystem-scale Selenium Model for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Regional Ecosystem Restoration Implementation Plan
No. ERP�01�C07. 515 p. [NRC] National Research Council.estuary & watershed science [NRC] National Research Council.Delta. Aquatic Toxicology [NRC] National Research Council.
Presser, Theresa S.; Luoma, Samuel N.
NREL: Energy Sciences - Chemical and Nanoscale Science
Nanoscale Science Nanoscale Science Learn about our research staff including staff profiles, publications, and contact information. The primary goal of the Chemical and Nanoscale Science Group, within NREL's Chemical and Materials Science Center, is to understand photoconversion processes in nanoscale, excitonic photoconversion systems, such as semiconductor quantum dots, molecular dyes, conjugated molecules and polymers, nanostructured oxides, and carbon nanotubes. Closely associated with this goal are efforts to gain an understanding of how to use chemistry and physical tools to control and maximize the photoconversion process. The innovative chemistry and physics that evolve from these fundamental studies are used on a number of applied projects, maximizing the benefits from these discoveries.
Jefferson Lab Science Series - Space Shuttle Science
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NREL: Energy Sciences - Computational Materials Science
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Science Education Programs | Neutron Science | ORNL
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Evaluating Cumulative Ecosystem Response to Restoration Projects in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary, 2009
This is the sixth annual report of a seven-year project (2004 through 2010) to evaluate the cumulative effects of habitat restoration actions in the lower Columbia River and estuary (LCRE). The project, called the Cumulative Effects Study, is being conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland District (USACE) by the Marine Sciences Laboratory of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the Pt. Adams Biological Field Station of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce (CREST), and the University of Washington. The goal of the Cumulative Effects Study is to develop a methodology to evaluate the cumulative effects of multiple habitat restoration projects intended to benefit ecosystems supporting juvenile salmonids in the 235-km-long LCRE. Literature review in 2004 revealed no existing methods for such an evaluation and suggested that cumulative effects could be additive or synergistic. From 2005 through 2009, annual field research involved intensive, comparative studies paired by habitat type (tidal swamp versus marsh), trajectory (restoration versus reference site), and restoration action (tidegate replacement vs. culvert replacement vs. dike breach).
Johnson, Gary E.; Diefenderfer, Heida L.; Borde, Amy B.; Bryson, Amanda J.; Cameron, April; Coleman, Andre M.; Corbett, C.; Dawley, Earl M.; Ebberts, Blaine D.; Kauffman, Ronald; Roegner, G. Curtis; Russell, Micah T.; Silva, April; Skalski, John R.; Thom, Ronald M.; Vavrinec, John; Woodruff, Dana L.; Zimmerman, Shon A.
Science Teacher Professionalism
Position Statement Position Statement Principles of Professionalism for Science Educators Introduction Today's science educators play central roles in educating, inspiring, and guiding students to become responsible scientifically literate citizens. Therefore, it is essential that teachers of science uphold the highest ethical standards of the profession to earn the respect, trust, and confidence of students, parents, school leadership, colleagues, and other members of the community. The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) establishes the following expectations and principles to guide the professional conduct of all preK-16 teachers of science, including preservice, novice, and experienced educators. Quality science instruction is an interdependent process that requires the active participation
Genome Science/Technologies
Science & Innovation » Science & Innovation » Science & Engineering Capabilities » Bioscience: Bioenergy, Biosecurity, and Health » Environmental Microbiology » Genome Genome Science/Technologies Los Alamos using cutting-edge sequencing, finishing, and analysis, impact valuable genomic data. Get Expertise Cheryl Kuske DOE BER Biological System Science Division Program Manager Email Srinivas Iyer Bioscience Group Leader Email Momchilo Vuyisich Bioenergy and Biomedical Sciences Email Rebecca McDonald Bioscience Communications Email State-of-the art technology and extensive genomics expertise Protein research Read caption + Los Alamos National Laboratory graduate student, Patricia Langan, changes the properties of a green fluorescent protein in order to create new fluorescent protein variants.
CONTENTS: KAIST Science
04 12 14 18 #12;#12;CONTENTS: 04 12 14 17 18 22 24 26 28 32 34 35 36 37 40 KAIST Science Vol.4 #12;4 KAIST Science #12;2009 Vol. 4 5 #12;6 KAIST Science #12;2009 Vol. 4 7 #12;8 KAIST Science #12;2009 Vol. 4 9 #12;10 KAIST Science #12;2009 Vol. 4 11 #12;12 KAIST Science Dream New Future #12;2009 Vol. 4 13
Chang, Sukbok
Spurious Oscillation in Simulating Boundary-Layer Cumulus Clouds with Spurious Oscillation in Simulating Boundary-Layer Cumulus Clouds with Third-Order Turbulence Closure Models Fischer, M.L.(a), Billesbach, D.P.(b), Riley, W.J.(a), Berry, J.A.(c), and Torn, M.S.(a), E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (a), University of Nebraska (b), Carnegie Institution of Washington (c) Thirteenth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting Spatial heterogeneity in the mass and energy fluxes in the Southern Great Plains are controlled by a combination of driving variables (e.g. climate, topography and soil, vegetation, and land use and management). Accurate estimation of landscape-averaged ecosystem-atmosphere exchange hence suggests the need for predictive models tested with extensive ground based measurements and/or a measurement method with regional coverage. This is
Spatial Hetergeneity in Mid-Summer Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy in Spatial Hetergeneity in Mid-Summer Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy in Agriculutural Plots Near the SGP Central Facility Fischer, M.L.(a), Billesbach, D.(b), Berry, J.(c), Riley, W.R.(a), and Torn, M.S.(a), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (a), University of Nebraska (b), Carnegie Institution of Washington (c) Twelfth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting Patterns of land use and management are likely to dominate the spatial heterogeneity in cycles of energy, carbon, and water in ecosystems of the Southern Great Plains (SGP). We report recent progress on measuring and modeling spatial heterogeneity in land surface-atmosphere exchange for different crops in the footprint of a flux system mounted on the ARM SGP Central Facility 60 m tower. The first phase of our the "Portable Flux
From Crops to Boundary Layer and Back Down Again: the ARM Carbon Project in From Crops to Boundary Layer and Back Down Again: the ARM Carbon Project in the Southern Great Plains Torn, M.S.(a), Berry, J.(b), Riley, W.J.(a), Fischer, M.L.(a), Billesbach, B.(c), Helliker, B.(b), and Giles, L.(b), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (a), Carnegie Institution of Washington (b), University of Nebraska (c) Twelfth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting One of the challenges in carbon cycle research is the vast range of scale that must be traversed by measurements and models. Our understanding of carbon cycle processes is being built from studies of enzymes, organisms and plot-scale studies of ecosystems, while our ultimate objective is to understand the mass and isotope balance of earths atmosphere. Spanning
Characterizing Diurnal CO2 Cycles in the Continental Boundary Layer Using Characterizing Diurnal CO2 Cycles in the Continental Boundary Layer Using Precise Concentration Measurements and a Simple Numerical Model Torn, M.S.(a), Riley, W.(a), Rischer, M.L.(a), Biraud, S.(a), and Berry, J.(b), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (a), Carnegie Institution of Washington (b) Fourteenth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting In continental regions, atmospheric CO2 profiles are strongly influenced by atmospheric dynamics as well as ecosystem and anthropogenic fluxes. Relating site level measurements or atmospheric profiles to regional CO2 budgets may require methods to represent or evaluate these influences. At the Southern Great Plains ARM-CART, we are measuring precise CO2 concentrations continuously at 2-60 m and weekly at 300 and 3300 m agl. CO2
Tidal Heating of Terrestrial Extra-Solar Planets and Implications for their Habitability
The tidal heating of hypothetical rocky (or terrestrial) extra-solar planets spans a wide range of values depending on stellar masses and initial orbits. Tidal heating may be sufficiently large (in many cases, in excess of radiogenic heating) and long-lived to drive plate tectonics, similar to the Earth's, which may enhance the planet's habitability. In other cases, excessive tidal heating may result in Io-like planets with violent volcanism, probably rendering them unsuitable for life. On water-rich planets, tidal heating may generate sub-surface oceans analogous to Europa's with similar prospects for habitability. Tidal heating may enhance the outgassing of volatiles, contributing to the formation and replenishment of a planet's atmosphere. To address these issues, we model the tidal heating and evolution of hypothetical extra-solar terrestrial planets. The results presented here constrain the orbital and physical properties required for planets to be habitable.
Brian Jackson; Rory Barnes; Richard Greenberg
Jackson, Brian; Greenberg, Richard
Review of world experience and properties of materials for encapsulation of terrestrial photovoltaic arrays. Final report
Available information defining the state of the art of encapsulation materials and processes for terrestrial photovoltaic devices and related applications were collected and analyzed. Based on criteria of properties, processability, availability, and cost, candidate materials were identified which have potential for use in encapsulation systems for low-cost, long-life terrestrial photovoltaic arrays manufactured by automated, high-volume processes. The criteria for consideration of the encapsulation systems were based on the goals for arrays with a lifetime of over 20 years high reliability, an efficiency greater than 10 percent, a total array price less than $500/kW, and a production capacity of 5 x 10/sup 5/ kW/yr. (WDM)
Carmichael, D.C.; Gaines, G.B.; Sliemers, F.A.; Kistler, C.W.; Igou, R.D.
?? / Kagaku / ?? /Ky?ri: Science
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News & Awards | Neutron Science | ORNL
Awards Events and Conferences Supporting Organizations Neutron Science Home | Science & Discovery | Neutron Science | News and Awards SHARE News and Awards 1-6 of 6 Results...
Clean Energy | More Science | ORNL
sciences, advanced materials, neutron sciences, nuclear sciences, and high-performance computing, and brings multidisciplinary teams together to address key issues. That...
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Research Areas Fuel Cycle Science & Technology Fusion Nuclear Science Isotope Development and Production Nuclear Security Science & Technology Nuclear Systems Modeling, Simulation...
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Brookhaven Women In Science (BWIS)
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Science Education at Jefferson Lab
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The Data Science Education Dilemma
and compute information. Science (New York, N.Y. ), 332(a National Center for Data Science Education as a placebring together people from science, industry, and education
Finzer, William
ADTSC Science Highlights: ADTSC: LANL
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Plant Science Graduates Spring 2011 Bachelor of Science in Plant Sciences
Plant Science Graduates Spring 2011 Bachelor of Science in Plant Sciences Joshua Paul Baker, Old Dale Wallace, Centerville Master of Science Reginald Jason Millwood, Plant Sciences Kara Lee Warwick, Plant Sciences Undergraduate Degrees, Summer Term 2011 Henry Joseph Cope, III, Plant Sciences David
Tennessee, University of
Isotopic power supplies for space and terrestrial systems: quality assurance by Sandia National Laboratories
The Sandia National Laboratories participation in Quality Assurance (QA) programs for Radioisotopic Thermoelectric Generators which have been used in space and terrestrial systems over the past 15 years is summarized. Basic elements of the program are briefly described and recognition of assistance from other Sandia organizations is included. Descriptions of the various systems for which Sandia has had the QA responsibility are also presented. In addition, the outlook for Sandia participation in RTG programs for the next several years is noted.
Hannigan, R.L.; Harnar, R.R.
A new UV-A/B protecting pigment in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune
A new ultraviolet (UV)-A/B absorbing pigment with maxima at 312 and 330 nanometers from the cosmopolitan terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune is described. The pigment is found in high amounts (up to 10% of dry weight) in colonies grown under solar UV radiation but only in low concentrations in laboratory cultures illuminated by artificial light without UV. Its experimental induction by UV as well as its capacity to efficiently protect Nostoc against UV radiation is reported.
Scherer, S.; Chen, T.W.; Boeger, P. (Universitaet Konstanz (West Germany))
Constraining the Radii of Neutron Stars with Terrestrial Nuclear Laboratory Data
Neutron star radii are primarily determined by the pressure of isospin asymmetric matter which is proportional to the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy. Available terrestrial laboratory data on the isospin diffusion in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies constrain the slope of the symmetry energy. Using this constraint, we show that the radius (radiation radius) of a 1.4 solar mass neutron star is between 11.5 (14.4) and 13.6 (16.3) km.
Bao-An Li; Andrew W. Steiner
Single-junction solar cells with the optimum band gap for terrestrial concentrator applications
A single-junction solar cell having the ideal band gap for terrestrial concentrator applications. Computer modeling studies of single-junction solar cells have shown that the presence of absorption bands in the direct spectrum has the effect of "pinning" the optimum band gap for a wide range of operating conditions at a value of 1.14.+-.0.02 eV. Efficiencies exceeding 30% may be possible at high concentration ratios for devices with the ideal band gap.
Wanlass, Mark W. (Golden, CO)
Most of the theories of the solar system formation stand on the assumption that the formation of planetesimals occurs in a transparent (i.e., optically thin) nebula, in which H{sub 2}O ice is unstable at the formation region of the terrestrial planet due to direct stellar irradiation. However, in the astronomical context, it is confirmed by both observations and numerical models that protoplanetary disks are initially opaque (i.e., optically thick) owing to floating small dust particles, and the interior of the disk is colder than the transparent disk. If planetesimals are formed in the opaque cold nebula, they should be mainly composed of H{sub 2}O ice, even at the formation region of terrestrial planets. Abundant icy material would help the formation of planetesimals through enhancement of the dust amount. Icy planetesimals start sublimation when the protoplanetary disk gets transparent through clearance of small dust particles. Here, we investigated the consequence of such icy planetesimal formation through numerical simulations of the competition between the sublimation and accretion of icy planetesimals. It was shown that various types of planets ranging from rocky planets to water-ball planets can be formed inside the location of the snow line of a transparent disk depending on the disk mass and the time evolution of disk transparency. We found size-dependent water content of icy planetesimals, which suggests potential difference in the redox state between meteorites and terrestrial planets at the same distance from the central star.
Machida, Ryosuke [Current address: Fixstars Corporation, 1-11-1 Ohsaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 (Japan); Abe, Yutaka, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)
Physical Sciences 2007 Science & Technology Highlights
The Physical Sciences Directorate applies frontier physics and technology to grand challenges in national security. Our highly integrated and multidisciplinary research program involves collaborations throughout Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the National Nuclear Security Administration, the Department of Energy, and with academic and industrial partners. The Directorate has a budget of approximately $150 million, and a staff of approximately 350 employees. Our scientists provide expertise in condensed matter and high-pressure physics, plasma physics, high-energy-density science, fusion energy science and technology, nuclear and particle physics, accelerator physics, radiation detection, optical science, biotechnology, and astrophysics. This document highlights the outstanding research and development activities in the Physical Sciences Directorate that made news in 2007. It also summarizes the awards and recognition received by members of the Directorate in 2007.
Hazi, A U
External Science Review Report of the External Science
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Power, Mary Eleanor
DOE New Jersey Regional High School Science Bowl! NO SCIENCE...
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ARM - Key Science Questions
govScienceKey Science Questions govScienceKey Science Questions Science Research Themes Research Highlights Journal Articles Collaborations Atmospheric System Research (ASR) ARM Science Team Meetings User Meetings Annual Meetings of the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Science Team and Fall Working Groups Accomplishments Read about the 20 years of accomplishments (PDF, 696KB) from the ARM Program and user facility. Performance Metrics ASR Metrics 2009 2008 2007 2006 Key Science Questions The role of clouds and water vapor in climate change is not well understood; yet water vapor is the largest greenhouse gas and directly affects cloud cover and the propagation of radiant energy. In fact, there may be positive feedback between water vapor and other greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide and other gases from human activities slightly warm the
Science DMZ for ALS
ALS ALS About ESnet Overview ESnet Staff Governance Our Network Case Studies OSCARS Case Studies Science DMZ Case Studies Science DMZ CU Science DMZ Penn State & VTTI Science DMZ NOAA Science DMZ NERSC Science DMZ ALS Multi-facility Workflow LCLS ESnet Strategic Plan ESnet Organizational Chart ESnet History Science Requirements Careers Contact Us Technical Assistance: 1 800-33-ESnet (Inside the US) 1 800-333-7638 (Inside the US) 1 510-486-7600 (Globally) 1 510-486-7607 (Globally) Report Network Problems: firstname.lastname@example.com Provide Web Site Feedback: firstname.lastname@example.com Science DMZ for ALS Many beamline scientists at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source (ALS) are or will be experiencing slower network speeds because of instrument upgrades. These new instruments, or more specifically detectors, are
Science Friday Pick
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ORISE: Science Education Programs
Science Education Programs The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and more than a dozen other federal agencies rely on the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) to...
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At the dawn of discovery ... Science@WIPP The deep geologic repository at WIPP is more than a place to dispose of transuranic (TRU) waste its also a science laboratory....
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LIPID SCIENCE � AFNS 414 (Undergraduate Student Course Outline) Winter Semester 2008 University of Alberta Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Instructor: Dr. Randall J. Weselake Lecture: Tuesday, Thursday; 1
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Representation of Terrestrial Hydrology and Large-Scale Drought of the Continental United States from the North American Regional Reanalysis
The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) is a state-of-the-art land�atmosphere reanalysis product that provides improved representation of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle compared to previous global reanalyses, having the potential to ...
Justin Sheffield; Ben Livneh; Eric F. Wood
Evaluation of Biases in JRA-25/JCDAS Precipitation and Their Impact on the Global Terrestrial Carbon Balance
This study evaluates a modeled precipitation field and examines how its bias affects the modeling of the regional and global terrestrial carbon cycle. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation produced by the Japanese 25-yr reanalysis (JRA-...
Makoto Saito; Akihiko Ito; Shamil Maksyutov
Current Issues in Terrestrial Solar Radiation Instrumentation for Energy, Climate and Space Applications Preprint prepared for New RAD '99
Reductions of uncertainty in terrestrial solar radiation measurements are needed to validate the Earth's radiation balance derived from satellite data. Characterization of solar energy resources for renewable technologies requires greater time and spatial resolution for economical technology deployment. Solar radiation measurement research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory addresses calibrations, operational characteristics, and corrections for terrestrial solar radiation measurements. We describe progress in measurements of broadband diffuse-sky radiation, and characterization of field instrument thermal offsets and spectral irradiance. The need and prospects for absolute references for diffuse and long-wave terrestrial solar radiation measurements are discussed. Reductions in uncertainty of broadband irradiance measurements from tens of watts per square meter to a few (one to two) watts per square meter are reported, which reduce time and labor to quantify and identify trends in artificial optical radiation sources, terrestrial solar radiation, and the Earth's radiation budget.
Stoffel, T. L.; Reda, I.; Myers, D. R.; Renne, D.; Wilcox, S. W.; Treadwell, J.
Time Scales of Terrestrial Carbon Response Related to Land-Use Application: Implications for Initializing an Earth System Model
The dynamic vegetation and carbon cycling component, LM3V, of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) prototype Earth system model (ESM2.1), has been designed to simulate the effects of land use on terrestrial carbon pools, including ...
Lori T. Sentman; Elena Shevliakova; Ronald J. Stouffer; Sergey Malyshev
Graduate Study Food Science
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Walter, M.Todd
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Titanium Science & Technology
Titanium Science & Technology. Presented by: F.H. (Sam) Froes, Institute for Materials & Advanced Processes, University of Idaho�...
Studies of the terrestrial O{sub 2} and carbon cycles in sand dune gases and in biosphere 2
Molecular oxygen in the atmosphere is coupled tightly to the terrestrial carbon cycle by the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and burning. This dissertation examines different aspects of this coupling in four chapters. Chapter 1 explores the feasibility of using air from sand dunes to reconstruct atmospheric O{sub 2} composition centuries ago. Such a record would reveal changes in the mass of the terrestrial biosphere, after correction for known fossil fuel combustion, and constrain the fate of anthropogenic CO{sub 2}.
Severinghaus, J.P.
Entertainment Tech & science
Health Tech & science Science Space Gadgets Internet Wireless Games Security Innovation Travel Browse Learn more about RSS Technology & science Innovation sponsored by Page 1 of 3Eye spy: Scientists develop simply bend it, those materials are brittle like a ceramic bowl. They break," Huang said in a telephone
Rogers, John A.
Ecosystem Services Decision Tree Pilot Test with New York Power Authority
EPRI published the report �Ecosystem Services Decision Tree: A Decision-Support Tool for Consideration of Ecosystem Services in the Electric Power Industry� (1026845) in December of 2012. The Decision Tree was created to help a company determine why, when, and how to consider ecosystem services. The Decision Tree was pilot-tested in 2013 in a theoretical application by New York Power Authority.BackgroundThe pilot test was intended to inform the ...
Science and the Public A Review of Science
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Science Career & Cooperative Education Burke Science Building Room 127
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Hitchcock, Adam P.
Science (BSc and MSci) College of Science & Engineering
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Guo, Zaoyang
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New Science for Chemicals Policy
of the State-of-the-Science of Endocrine Disruptors (WHO,461, 472 (2009). 17. NRC, Science and Decisions: AdvancingPOLICYFORUM SCIENCE AND REGULATION New Science for Chemicals
Assessing community capacity for ecosystem management : Clayoquot Sound and Redberry Lake biosphere reserves .
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Environmental genomics reveals a single species ecosystem deep within the Earth
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The Promise of Urban Science
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NIST Forensic Science -- Digital Evidence
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Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection Ecosystem Standards and Planning Biodiversity BranchThis page has been intentionally left blank ii Preface Preface
British Columbia is recognized globally for its exceptional wildlife, diversity of ecosystems, and rich natural resources. The Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection (WLAP) works to maintain these valuable natural assets, which lie at the heart of many recreational and economic activities enjoyed by British Columbians in all regions of the province. The Ministry has responsibility for the protection and stewardship of British Columbia�s environment. To fulfil this responsibility, it develops policy and legislation, regulations, codes of practice, environmental contracts and covenants (legal agreements). It also monitors and reports on selected species and habitats, as well as acquires information on habitat and species health. It sets science- and results-based objectives and standards and provides best practices for activities that affect our environment. Together, clear goals and objectives, meaningful performance measures and science-based tools guide Ministry actions in improving environmental management. Regulatory frameworks allow headquarters and regional staff to
Instream Works
Distribution of transuranic elements in a freshwater pond ecosystem
Preliminary results are reported from a study initiated on the Hanford Reservation concerning the ecological behavior of $sup 238$Pu, $sup 239$Pu, $sup 240$Pu, and $sup 241$Am in a freshwater environment. This study involves a waste pond which has been receiving Pu processing wastes for about 30 years. The pond has a sufficiently established ecosystem to provide an excellent location for limnological characterization. In addition, the ecological distribution of Pu and Am was investigated. The pond is also highly enriched with nutrients, thus supporting a high level of algal and macrophyte production. Seston (30 percent diatoms) appears to be the principal concentrators of Pu transuranics in the pond system. The major sink for Pu and Am in this system is the sediments. Organic floc, overlaying the pond sediments, is also a major concentrator of transuranics in this system. Aside from the seston and floc, no other ecological components of the pond appear to have concentrations significantly greater than those of the sediment. Dragonfly, larvae, watercress, and snails show concentrations which approximate those of the sediments but nearly all other food web components have levels of Pu and Am which are lower than those of the sediments, thus, Pu and Am seem to be relatively immobile in the aquatic ecosystem. (CH)
Emery, R.M.; Klopfer, D.C.
Restoring a disappearing ecosystem: the Longleaf Pine Savanna.
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas of the southeastern United States contain some of the worlds most diverse plant communities, along with a unique complement of wildlife. Their traditionally open canopy structure and rich understory of grasses and herbs were critical to their vigor. However, a long history of land-use practices such as logging, farming, and fire exclusion have reduced this once-widespread ecosystem to only 3 percent of its original range. At six longleaf pine plantations in South Carolina, Tim Harrington with the Pacific Northwest Research Station and collaborators with the Southern Research Station used various treatments (including prescribed burns, tree thinning, and herbicide applications) to alter the forest structure and tracked how successful each one was in advancing savanna restoration over a 14-year period. They found that typical planting densities for wood production in plantations create dense understory shade that excludes many native herbaceous species important to savannas and associated wildlife. The scientists found that although tree thinning alone did not result in sustained gains, a combination of controlled burning, thinning, and herbicide treatments to reduce woody plants was an effective strategy for recovering the savanna ecosystem. The scientists also found that these efforts must be repeated periodically for enduring benefits.
Harrington, Timothy B. [USFS; Miller, Karl V. [University of Georgia; Park, Noreen
New Science on the Open Science Grid
The Open Science Grid (OSG) includes work to enable new science, new scientists, and new modalities in support of computationally based research. There are frequently significant sociological and organizational changes required in transformation from the existing to the new. OSG leverages its deliverables to the large scale physics experiment member communities to benefit new communities at all scales through activities in education, engagement and the distributed facility. As a partner to the poster and tutorial at SciDAC 2008, this paper gives both a brief general description and some specific examples of new science enabled on the OSG. More information is available at the OSG web site: www.opensciencegrid.org.
Pordes, Ruth; Altunay, Mine; Avery, Paul; Bejan, Alina; Blackburn, Kent; Blatecky, Alan; Gardner, Rob; Kramer, Bill; Livny, Miron; McGee, John; Potekhin, Maxim; /Fermilab /Florida U. /Chicago U. /Caltech /LBL, Berkeley /Wisconsin U., Madison /Indiana U. /Brookhaven /UC, San Diego
Nuclear Science & Technology
Nuclear Science & Technology Nuclear Science & Technology Nuclear Science & Technology1354608000000Nuclear Science & TechnologySome of these resources are LANL-only and will require Remote Access. /No/ Nuclear Science & Technology Some of these resources are LANL-only and will require Remote Access. Key Resources Databases Organizations Journals Key Resources International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA scientific and technical publications cover areas of nuclear power, radiation therapy, nuclear security, nuclear law, and emergency repose. Search under Publications/Books and Reports for scientific books, standards, technical guides and reports National Nuclear Data Center Nuclear physics data for basic nuclear research and for applied nuclear technologies, operated by Brookhaven.
Bioconversion Science & Technology
BSD BSD EESD ORNL Bioconversion Science and Technology BioSciences Division Home Resources Publications People BST Students Former Members Links Contact Us Research Areas Production of Fuels and Chemicals Genomes to Life Biofuel Cells Bioprocessing of Fossil Fuels Biotreatment and Bioremediation Jonathan Mielenz, leader of the Bioconversion Science and Technology Group in ORNL's Biosciences Division, is studying a microbe that could prove more cost effective than current methods in transforming cellulose from sources such as switchgrass and poplar trees into ethanol. Bioconversion Science & Technology The Bioconversion Science and Technology group performs multidisciplinary R&D for the Department of Energy's (DOE) relevant applications of bioprocessing, especially with biomass. Bioprocessing combines the
The Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) is the primary provider of network connectivityfor the US Department of Energy Office of Science (SC), the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States. In support of the Office ofScience programs, ESnet regularly updates and refreshes its understanding of the networking requirements of the instruments, facilities, scientists, and science programs that it serves. This focus has helped ESnet to be a highly successful enabler of scientific discovery for over 20 years.
Dart, Eli; Tierney, Brian; Dart, Eli; Biocca, A.; Carlson, R.; Chen, J.; Cotter, S.; Dattoria, V.; Davenport, J.; Gaenko, A.; Kent, P.; Lamm, M.; Miller, S.; Mundy, C.; Ndousse, T.; Pederson, M.; Perazzo, A.; Popescu, R.; Rouson, D.; Sekine, Y.; Sumpter, B.; Wang, C.-Z.; Whitelam, S.; Zurawski, J.
Networks in Cognitive Science
Networks of interconnected nodes have long played a key role in cognitive science, from artificial neural networks to spreading activation models of semantic memory. Recently, however, a new Network Science has been developed, providing insights into the emergence of global, system-scale properties in contexts as diverse as the Internet, metabolic reactions or collaborations among scientists. Today, the inclusion of network theory into cognitive sciences, and the expansion of complex systems science, promises to significantly change the way in which the organization and dynamics of cognitive and behavioral processes are understood. In this paper, we review recent contributions of network theory at different levels and domains within the cognitive sciences.
Baronchelli, Andrea; Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo; Chater, Nick; Christiansen, Morten H
SCIENCE AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Introduction
SCIENCE AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Introduction The cross-cutting review of science and research undertaken by the Government in 2000 identified e-Science as one of three priority research areas, allocating the new industries of the future. The Science Budget defines e-Science as 'science increasingly done
Brierley, Andrew